PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-10936071-B2
Application Number: US-201916377197-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Wearable electronic device with haptic rotatable input

Abstract:
One embodiment described herein takes the form of a watch, comprising: a housing; a crown comprising: a crown body outside the housing; and a shaft extending from the crown body into the housing; and an actuator coupled to the crown and configured to provide haptic output through the crown.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An electronic watch, comprising:
 a housing; 
 a display coupled to the housing; 
 a crown configured to receive a rotational input, the crown comprising:
 a crown body outside the housing; and 
 a shaft extending from the crown body into the housing; and 
 
 a linear actuator coupled to the crown and configured to:
 in response to receiving the rotational input at the crown, cause a movement of the crown in a first direction, thereby providing a first haptic output to a finger in contact with the crown body, the first haptic output having a first level of perceptibility along a surface of the crown, the first direction parallel to an axis of rotation of the shaft; and 
 in response to receiving the rotational input at the crown, cause a movement of the housing in the first direction, thereby providing a second haptic output to skin in contact with the housing, the second haptic output having a second level of perceptibility along a surface of the housing, the first level of perceptibility being greater than the second level of perceptibility. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The electronic watch of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the rotational input causes rotation of the shaft; 
 the electronic watch further comprises:
 an optical sensor configured to detect the rotation of the shaft; and 
 a processing unit operatively connected to the display, the optical sensor, and the linear actuator; 
 
 the processing unit is configured to instruct the linear actuator to provide the first haptic output and the second haptic output in response to the optical sensor detecting the rotation of the shaft; 
 the processing unit is configured to instruct the display to change the graphical output in response to the input; 
 the first haptic output is transmitted through the shaft to the crown body. 
 
     
     
       3. The electronic watch of  claim 1 , wherein the linear actuator is coupled to the shaft. 
     
     
       4. The electronic watch of  claim 3 , wherein the linear actuator is further coupled to the housing. 
     
     
       5. The electronic watch of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the first haptic output simulates a detent during the rotational input. 
 
     
     
       6. The electronic watch of  claim 5 , wherein the first haptic output simulates multiple detents during a single revolution of the crown. 
     
     
       7. The electronic watch of  claim 5 , wherein:
 the crown is further configured to accept a second input that is different from the rotational input; 
 the linear actuator is further configured to provide a third haptic output through the crown in response to the second input; and 
 the third haptic output is different from the second haptic output. 
 
     
     
       8. The electronic watch of  claim 7 , wherein:
 the second input moves the crown toward the housing; and 
 the third haptic output moves the crown away from the housing. 
 
     
     
       9. An electronic watch, comprising:
 a housing; 
 a crown body; 
 a shaft extending from the crown body through the housing; 
 a linear actuator operably connected to the shaft; 
 an internal input structure operably connected to the shaft; 
 a processing unit operably connected to the internal input structure and the actuator; 
 a display attached to the housing; and 
 a battery configured to supply power to the processing unit and the linear actuator; wherein: 
 the internal input structure is configured to detect a rotational input to the crown body; 
 the processing unit is configured to instruct the linear actuator to provide, in response to the rotational input:
 a first haptic output to a finger contacting the crown body; and 
 a second haptic output to skin contacting the housing; wherein: 
 
 the linear actuator is configured to provide the first haptic output by causing the crown body to move in a first direction, the first direction parallel to an axis of rotation of the shaft; and 
 the linear actuator is configured to provide the second haptic output by causing the housing to move in the first direction. 
 
     
     
       10. The electronic watch of  claim 9 , wherein:
 moving the linear actuator moves the shaft to provide the first haptic output. 
 
     
     
       11. The electronic watch of  claim 9 , wherein:
 the electronic watch further comprises the display attached to the housing; 
 the display is configured to show a graphical output; 
 the display is configured to change the graphical output in response to the rotational input; and 
 the graphical output changes substantially simultaneously with the linear actuator providing the first haptic output and the second haptic output. 
 
     
     
       12. The electronic watch of  claim 11 , wherein the graphical output changes within 20 milliseconds of the linear actuator providing the first haptic output and the second haptic output. 
     
     
       13. The electronic watch of  claim 9 , wherein:
 the shaft is configured to rotate and translate; 
 the internal input structure is a first internal input structure configured to detect the rotational input by detecting rotation of the shaft; and 
 the electronic watch further comprises a second internal input structure configured to detect translation of the shaft. 
 
     
     
       14. The electronic watch of  claim 13 , wherein:
 the linear actuator is configured to provide the first haptic output in response to the first internal input structure detecting rotation of the shaft; and 
 the linear actuator is configured to provide a third haptic output in response to the second internal input structure detecting translation of the shaft. 
 
     
     
       15. The electronic watch of  claim 14 , wherein:
 the display is configured to show a graphical output; 
 the display is configured to change the graphical output in a first manner in response to rotation of the shaft; and 
 the display is configured to change the graphical output in a second manner in response to translation of the shaft. 
 
     
     
       16. The electronic watch of  claim 15 , wherein the display is touch-sensitive. 
     
     
       17. A method for operating an electronic watch, comprising:
 receiving a rotational input at a crown extending through a housing of the electronic watch; and 
 in response to the rotational input:
 changing a graphical output of a display attached to the housing; 
 causing, by a linear actuator, a movement of the crown in a first direction, thereby providing a first haptic output to a finger in contact with the crown, the first haptic output having a first level of perceptibility along a surface of the crown, the first direction parallel to an axis of rotation of the crown; and 
 causing, by the linear actuator, a movement of the housing in the first direction, thereby providing a second haptic output to skin in contact with the housing, the second haptic output having a second level of perceptibility along a surface of the housing, the first level of perceptibility being greater than the second level of perceptibility. 
 
 
     
     
       18. The method of  claim 17 , wherein:
 changing the graphical output comprises scrolling a list; and 
 the first haptic output simulates a detent.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a nonprovisional patent application of, and claims the benefit of, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/725,262, filed Aug. 30, 2018 and titled “Wearable Electronic Device With Haptic Rotatable Input,” the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     Embodiments described herein generally relate to electronic devices having an input mechanism that may rotate and translate and through which a haptic output is provided. More particularly, embodiments described herein take the form of an electronic smart watch having a crown configured to provide at least two types of input for the smart watch, as well as configured to provide haptic output. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Electronic devices, such as electronic smart watches, may employ a crown as an input mechanism. The crown may provide input, but tactile feedback during the input, or in response to the input, may be lacking. This results in an unsatisfactory interaction with the input mechanism as the user may not realize whether the input has been received or acknowledged by the electronic device. 
     SUMMARY 
     Embodiments described herein generally relate to electronic devices, and particularly electronic devices having an input mechanism that can rotate and translate to provide two different types of input, as well as being operable to provide haptic output. 
     One embodiment takes the form of an electronic watch, comprising: a housing; a display coupled to the housing; a crown configured to accept an input and comprising: a crown body outside the housing; and a shaft extending from the crown body into the housing; and an actuator coupled to the crown and configured to provide haptic output through the crown; wherein: the display is configured to change a graphical output in response to the input to the crown. 
     Still another embodiment takes the form of an electronic watch, comprising: a housing; a crown body; a shaft extending from the crown body through the housing; an actuator operably connected to the shaft; an internal input structure operably connected to the shaft; a processing unit operably connected to the internal input structure and the actuator; a display attached to the housing; and a battery configured to supply power to the processing unit and the actuator; wherein: the internal input structure is configured to receive an input through the shaft and the crown body; the processing unit is configured to instruct the actuator to provide a haptic output in response to the input; and the actuator is configured to provide the haptic output by moving the shaft. 
     Yet another embodiment takes the form of a method for operating an electronic watch, comprising: receiving an input at a crown extending through a housing of the electronic watch; in response to the input, changing a graphical output of a display attached to the housing; and further in response to the input, providing a haptic output through the crown. 
     In addition to the aspects and embodiments described above, further aspects and embodiments will become apparent by reference to the drawings and by study of the following description. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The disclosure will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like structural elements, and in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram of a sample electronic device; 
         FIG. 2  illustrates an electronic watch; 
         FIG. 3A  is a cross-section of a crown of the electronic watch of  FIG. 2 ; 
         FIG. 3B  is a cross-section of the crown of  FIG. 2 , showing the crown undergoing a first type of haptic output; 
         FIG. 3C  is a cross-section of the crown of  FIG. 2 , showing the crown undergoing a second type of haptic output; 
         FIG. 3D  is a cross-section of the crown of  FIG. 2 , showing the crown undergoing a third type of haptic output; 
         FIGS. 4A-6B  show an electronic watch displaying various information in response to inputs provided by the crown, and in response to which haptic outputs may be provided through the crown; and 
         FIG. 7  is a sample system diagram of an example electronic device. 
     
    
    
     The use of cross-hatching or shading in the accompanying figures is generally provided to clarify the boundaries between adjacent elements and also to facilitate legibility of the figures. Accordingly, neither the presence nor the absence of cross-hatching or shading conveys or indicates any preference or requirement for particular materials, material properties, element proportions, element dimensions, commonalities of similarly illustrated elements, or any other characteristic, attribute, or property for any element illustrated in the accompanying figures. 
     Additionally, it should be understood that the proportions and dimensions (either relative or absolute) of the various features and elements (and collections and groupings thereof) and the boundaries, separations, and positional relationships presented therebetween, are provided in the accompanying figures merely to facilitate an understanding of the various embodiments described herein and, accordingly, may not necessarily be presented or illustrated to scale, and are not intended to indicate any preference or requirement for an illustrated embodiment to the exclusion of embodiments described with reference thereto. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Reference will now be made in detail to representative embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the following description is not intended to limit the embodiments to one preferred embodiment. To the contrary, it is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as can be included within the spirit and scope of the described embodiments as defined by the appended claims. 
     Embodiments described herein include electronic devices with input mechanisms that are configured to provide multiple types of input, as well as communicate haptic output. For example, an electronic device may be an electronic smart watch and its input mechanism may be a crown. The crown may rotate to provide a first input type, translate to provide a second input type, and detect changes in voltage of an object in contact with it to provide a third input type. Further, an actuator may be physically and/or operably connected to the crown, such that haptic output generated by the actuator is transmitted through the crown to a user in contact with the crown. 
     Certain embodiments may provide haptic output by translating the input mechanism. For example, the actuator may move a crown along an axis in a first direction with a certain amount of force. This is an example of translational haptic output. Embodiments also may provide haptic output by rotating the input mechanism. For example, the actuator may rotate the crown to provide rotational haptic output. In some embodiments, the axis about which the crown (or other input mechanism) rotates is the same axis along which the crown translates. 
     In some embodiments, haptic output may be transmitted through the input mechanism but not through a housing and/or display of the electronic device. As another option, haptic output may be transmitted through the input mechanism and through the housing and/or display of the electronic device. In some embodiments, although haptic output is provided through the input mechanism and housing or display, most of the haptic output&#39;s force may be transmitted through the input mechanism, or the haptic output may be more perceptible to a wearer or user than any haptic output through the housing. This may facilitate a user perceiving the haptic output as transmitted primarily through the input mechanism, or even completely through the input mechanism. Put another way, the amount of force transmitted through the crown may be sufficiently large that it dominates a user&#39;s perception, even though some haptic output passes through other parts of the electronic device. Some embodiments may be configured to adjust an amount of force transmitted through the input mechanism as compared to a second amount transmitted through a housing or other portion of an electronic device, thereby enabling tuning and/or adjustment of haptic output (and thus a user&#39;s perception). Further, even in embodiments where the force transmitted through the housing equals or exceeds force transmitted through the crown, the crown may move more than the housing as its mass is smaller. This, in turn, may cause the wearer&#39;s or user&#39;s perception to be that the crown provides haptic output (e.g., moves) while the housing does not. 
     In some embodiments, the haptic output may mimic or simulate the feel of detents or stops as a crown rotates. Thus, the haptic output may be applied at certain intervals while the crown rotates and be absent at other intervals, thereby simulating multiple detents during a single rotation or revolution of the crown A “detent,” as used herein, refers to the feeling of a mechanical knob rotating against the teeth of an internal gear, such as the “clicking” feeling of winding a mechanical watch. Further, the haptic output may slow rotation of the crown rather than stop, override, or reverse it. Similarly, haptic output may simulate or mimic the feel of a button being depressed, a switch collapsing, and the like when the crown translates. In some embodiments, such haptic output is transmitted primarily through the crown and is imperceptible, or less perceptible, through other parts of the electronic device (such as the housing and display). Various embodiments may have actuators configured to provide adjustable haptic output and/or various types of haptic output. 
     The term “attached,” as used herein, refers to two elements, structures, objects, parts or the like that are physically affixed to one another. The term “coupled,” as used herein, refers to two elements, structures, objects, parts, or the like that are physically attached to one another, operate with one another, communicate with one another, are in electrical connection with one another, or otherwise interact with one another. Accordingly, while two elements attached to one another are coupled to one another, the reverse is not required. 
       FIG. 1  is a block diagram of a sample electronic device  100  that includes an input mechanism  102  configured to provide multiple types of input in response to multiple types of input motion (such as rotation and translation of the input mechanism  102 ) as well as provide or otherwise transmit haptic output. That is, the input mechanism  102  may both accept input and provide output. In some embodiments, the electronic device  100  is an electronic smart watch and the input mechanism  102  is a crown. Other embodiments may take the form of different wearable devices, such as glasses, jewelry, clothing, and the like, portable computing devices (including tablets and personal digital assistants), laptop or desktop computers, mobile telephones, media players, and so on. 
     In addition to the input mechanism  102 , the electronic device  100  generally includes a housing  110 , a processing unit  114 , a battery  116 , and an actuator  108 . The electronic device  100  may include a display  120 , as well as an internal input structure  118 . The display  120  typically is coupled to the housing  110 . Operation of the various components of the electronic device  100  are described below. 
     In some embodiments, the input mechanism  102  may include, define, be made from, or otherwise incorporate two parts. One part may be external to the housing  110  while the second part may extend through the housing  110 . For example, where the electronic device  100  is an electronic watch, the input mechanism  102  may be a crown with a crown body  104  and a shaft  106 . The crown body  104  may be connected to, or formed integrally with, the shaft  106  and positioned so that the crown body  104  is outside a housing  110  of the electronic watch while the shaft  106  extends from the crown body  104 , through the housing  110 , and into an interior of the watch. 
     Generally, the crown may be used to provide multiple types of input to the electronic watch, including rotational input and translational input. For example, the crown  102  may be manipulated by a user to rotate or translate the crown body  104  and/or shaft  106  (e.g., to provide an input to the watch  100 ). The shaft  106  may be mechanically, electrically, magnetically, and/or optically coupled to components within the housing  110  that detect motion of the shaft  106  and/or crown body  104 , whether rotational, translational, or both. Such components may generate an input in response to the motion of the shaft and/or crown body. As one non-limiting example, translating the crown  102  may close a switch within the housing  110 , which may generate a first input. As another non-limiting example, rotating the crown  102  may be detected by an optical sensor, which may generate a second input. 
     In addition to rotational input and translational input, the crown  102  (or other input mechanism) may be touch-sensitive; a third input may be generated in response to a touch on the crown  102 . The crown body  104  may be, function as, or incorporate an electrode to capacitively sense touch, as one example. The crown  102  may also use a thermal, optical, resistive, or other suitable type of sensor to detect touch on the crown body  104 . In some embodiments, the crown  102  (and particularly the crown body  104 ) may function as one lead of an electrocardiogram (“ECG”) sensor. Another electrode (e.g., lead) may be on, or part of, the housing  110  of the electronic device  100  or another external structure on the electronic device  100  and configured to come into contact with a user&#39;s skin. In further embodiments, multiple electrodes may be positioned on, or as part of, the housing  110  or another external structure and used as ECG leads. 
     A user input provided through the crown  102  may be used to manipulate or select various graphics displayed on the display  120 , to adjust a volume of a speaker, to turn the watch  100  on or off, and so on. As another example, a user may use the crown  102  to initiate detection of a biological parameter such as a heart rate, electrocardiogram, or blood pressure. In response to an input on or through the crown  102 , a display  120  of the electronic watch  100  may show a graphic representing the user&#39;s heart rate, blood pressure, or other biological parameter. Haptic output may be provided through a crown of the electronic watch in response to the input and/or displaying the graphic. Continuing the example, the haptic output may match a user&#39;s heartbeat. As another example, haptic output may signal a change in information displayed on the display  120 . 
     Generally, a haptic output may be provided through the crown. For example, a haptic actuator may be attached to and/or operably coupled to the crown. As one non-limiting example, a haptic actuator may be operably coupled to the shaft  106 , crown body  104 , or other part of an input mechanism  102 . The actuator  108  may generate haptic output in response to any of an input (which may be provided through the input mechanism  102 , display  120 , housing  110 , or in another manner), output (such as a change in information on the display  120 ), change in operating status of the electronic device  100 , change in state or status of software operated by the processing unit  114  or otherwise on the electronic device  100 , receipt or transmission of a communication, a specific time or place being reached, a notification, and so on. 
     The actuator  108  may be physically coupled to the shaft  106  (or a shaft receiver, as discussed below), or may be operationally coupled thereto but physically decoupled from the shaft  106  (or shaft receiver). If physically coupled to the shaft  106 , the actuator  108  may exert mechanical force on the shaft  106  to initiate haptic output through the crown  102 . If physically decoupled from the shaft  106 , the actuator  108  may use magnetic force to initiate haptic output through the crown  102 , or may use electrostatics, ultrasonics, hydraulic pressure, hydrostatic pressure, or the like. The actuator  108  may be, for example, a piezoelectric actuator, a linear actuator or other mass driver, an electromagnet, a bladder, a pump, a piston, and so on. The exact structure of the actuator  108 , its method of operation, and placement may vary from embodiment to embodiment. 
     In some embodiments, the electronic device  100  includes an internal input structure  118  configured to receive or otherwise detect motion of the crown  102  (or other input mechanism). The internal input structure  118  may be a switch that closes in response to the crown  102  translating, a sensor configured to sense the crown  102  rotating, a sensor configured to sense the crown  102  tilting, and so on. Sample sensors that may detect rotation and/or other motion of the crown  102  include optical sensors, capacitive sensors, mechanical sensors, electrical sensors, magnetic sensors, and so on. There may be multiple internal input structures  118  in a single electronic device  100 . 
     A processing unit  114  is operably connected to the display  120 , actuator  108 , internal input structure  118  (if present), and/or crown  102 . The processing unit  114  may receive input from an internal input structure  118  and/or directly from the crown  102 , may control operation of the actuator  108  to provide haptic output through the crown  102 , may control the display  120  to modify information displayed thereon, and generally operate various functions, features, and software of the electronic watch  100 . 
     A battery  116  may provide power to the processing unit  114 , actuator  108 , display  120 , internal input structure  118 , and any other part of the smart electronic watch  100  (or other electronic device). 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a sample electronic device  100 , here embodied as an electronic smart watch. The housing  110  may include a front-side housing member that faces away from a user&#39;s skin when the watch  100  is worn by a user, and a back-side housing member that faces toward the user&#39;s skin when worn. Alternatively, the housing  110  may be formed as a single member, or as more than two housing members. The one or more housing members may be metallic, plastic, ceramic, crystal, or other types of housing members (or combinations of such materials). 
     As discussed with respect to  FIG. 1 , a crown  102  may be manipulable to provide multiple types of input to the electronic watch  100  and may provide haptic output to a user touching the crown  102  (and particularly the crown body  104 ). The crown body  104  may be positioned such that a user may rotate the crown body  104  (and thus the shaft  106 ), may touch the crown body  104 , and/or may exert force on the crown body  104  (for example, to move the crown body  104  towards the housing  110  or laterally with respect to the housing  110 ). Any or all of these actions may constitute user input. 
     The display  120  may include a cover attached to a housing  110  of the electronic device  100 . The display  120  also may include a screen below the cover that is configured to display information, including graphics, symbols, text, and the like. The screen may be implemented as an OLED, LED, LCD, or any other suitable type of screen. The display  120  may be received at least partially within the housing  110 . 
     The display  120  may be touch-sensitive and/or force-sensitive. The display  120  may be configured to depict a graphical output of the watch  100 , and a user may interact with the graphical output (e.g., using a finger or stylus). As one example, the user may select (or otherwise interact with) a graphic, icon, or the like presented on the display by touching or pressing on the display at the location of the graphic. The cover (e.g., outer surface of the display  120 ) may form a part of or be attached to the housing  110 . In some examples, the cover may be crystal, such as a sapphire crystal. The cover may alternatively be formed of glass, plastic, or other materials. The cover may be transparent or translucent to some or all wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light. In some embodiments, the actuator  108  may provide haptic output through the display  120  and associated cover instead of, or in addition to, through the crown  102 . 
     The housing  110  may also include an aperture through which a button  200  protrudes. The button  200  may likewise be used to provide input to the electronic device  100 . In some embodiments, the button  200  may provide haptic output in addition to, or instead of, the crown  102 . Thus, the description herein regarding providing haptic output through (e.g., transmitted by, through, or along) the crown  102  applies equally to haptic output through the button  200 . 
     The electronic watch  100  may include a band  204 , which may be removably attached to the housing  110 . The housing  110  may include structures for attaching the watch band  204  to the watch body. In some cases, the structures may include elongate recesses or apertures through which ends of the watch band  204  may be inserted and attached to the watch housing  110 . In other cases (not shown), the structures may include indents (e.g., dimples or depressions) in the housing  110 , which indents may receive ends of spring pins that are attached to or threaded through ends of a watch band to attach the watch band to the watch body. 
     In some examples, the watch  100  may lack the display  120  (and/or its cover), the crown  102 , or the button  200 . For example, the watch  100  may include an audio input or output interface, a touch input interface, an output interface, or other input or output interface that does not require the display  120 , crown  102 , or button  200 . The watch  100  may also include the afore-mentioned input or output interfaces in addition to the display  120 , crown  102 , or button  200 . When the watch  100  lacks the display  120 , the front side of the watch  100  may be covered by a housing member that is opaque. 
       FIG. 3A  is a cross-sectional view of the crown  102  taken along line  3 - 3  of  FIG. 2 . As shown, the crown  102  includes a crown body  104  and shaft  106 . The crown body  104  and shaft  106  are shown as integrally formed with one another, although in other embodiments they may be separate pieces attached to one another. Further, either or both of the crown body  104  and shaft  106  may be formed from multiple separate pieces. 
     The shaft  106  extends through the housing  110 , and specifically through a collar  300  attached to the housing  110 . The collar  300  may be configured to reduce and/or prevent tilting of the shaft  106 , although in some embodiments the collar  300  may permit the shaft to tilt to a certain extent. The collar  300  may also electrically insulate the shaft  106  from the housing  110 . A set of O-rings  302  or other seals prevent water, dust, and the like from entering an interior of the housing  110  along the shaft  106 . 
     A shaft receiver  304  is attached to an end of the shaft  106 ; some embodiments may omit the shaft receiver  304  and/or collar  300 . The shaft receiver  304  generally moves with the shaft  106  while the collar  300  does not. The shaft receiver  304  may be patterned, marked, or otherwise configured to reflect light as it rotates. A sensor  308  (which is one example of an internal input structure  118 ) may emit light toward the shaft receiver  304  and receive light reflected from the shaft receiver  304 . As the shaft rotates, the amount, pattern, intensity, or other parameter of the light reflected by the shaft  106  (and received by the optical sensor  308 ) may change. Such changes may be cause the sensor  308  to output an input signal that may be correlated to a speed and/or amount of rotation by the sensor  308  or by an associated processing unit  114 . 
     A switch  310  is positioned adjacent or near an end of the shaft  106  or shaft receiver  304  (if present). As the shaft  106  translates towards the housing  110 , the shaft receiver  304  may collapse or close the switch  310 . The switch  310 , in turn, generates an input signal indicating the crown  102  has been pressed. In some embodiments, the switch  310  may be separated from the shaft receiver  304  and/or shaft  106  by a shear plate, membrane, or other structure configured to permit the switch  310  to close in response to the crown  102  translating, but prevent the switch  310  from wearing down as the crown  102  (and thus shaft receiver  304 ) rotates. 
     The crown body  104  may be rotated about an axis of rotation by a user. Such rotation likewise rotates the shaft  106  and shaft receiver  304 , but typically does not cause the collar  300  to rotate (although it may in some embodiments). Generally, the axis about which the crown body  104  and shaft  106  rotates extends through a center of the crown body  104  and shaft  106 . The crown body  104  and shaft  106  also translate along this axis of rotation, in certain embodiments. 
     An internal support  306  supports, and is attached to, the switch  310 , sensor  308 , and optionally the actuator  108 . In some embodiments, different internal supports may be used for each or any of the switch  310 , sensor  308 , and actuator  108 . For example, the actuator  108  may be attached directly to the housing  110 . 
     The actuator  108  may be physically coupled to the shaft  106  (or shaft receiver  304 ), or may be operationally coupled thereto but physically decoupled from the shaft  106  (or shaft receiver  304 ). If physically coupled to the shaft  106 , the actuator  108  may exert mechanical force on the shaft to initiate haptic output through the crown  102 . If physically decoupled from the shaft  106 , the actuator  108  may use electromagnetic force to initiate haptic output through the crown  102 , or may use electrostatics, ultrasonics, hydraulic pressure, hydrostatic pressure, or the like. The actuator  108  may be, for example, a piezoelectric actuator, a linear actuator or other mass driver, an electromagnet, a bladder, a pump, a piston, and so on. The exact structure of the actuator  108 , its method of operation, and placement may vary from embodiment to embodiment. In many embodiments, the actuator  108  provides haptic output to or through the crown  102  in response to an input provided to or through the crown  102 . For example, rotating the crown  102  may cause the actuator  108  to provide an output, as may pressing the crown. It should be appreciated that each type or mode may cause the actuator  108  to provide a different haptic output, at least in some embodiments. In other embodiments, two or more input types or modes can trigger the same haptic output, although multiple types of haptic output may still be provided. 
     The crown body  104  is separated from the housing  110  by a gap  312 .  FIG. 3A  illustrates the gap  312  in a nominal or default state (e.g., one where no input force or haptic output force is exerted on the crown  102 ). 
     By contrast,  FIG. 3B  illustrates the crown  102  when a force moves the crown body  104  toward the housing  110 . In some embodiments the actuator  108  may pull the crown body  104  toward the housing  110 , thereby narrowing the gap  312  as shown in  FIG. 3B . The motion of the crown body  104  may be perceived by a person touching the crown body  104  as a haptic output. 
     As another option, the actuator  108  may move the crown  102  outward, such that the crown body  104  moves away from the housing  110 .  FIG. 3C  illustrates the crown  102  undergoing such haptic output. Here, the actuator  108  exerts an outward force on the shaft  106  (or crown body  104 , depending on the positioning of the actuator  108  within or outside the housing  110 ) such that the gap  312  increases. The maximum distance the crown body  104  may travel (and thus the size of the gap  312 ) may be set by the distance between the shaft receiver  304  (or another structural element, such as a plate, ledge, projection, protrusion, or the like) and the collar  300  (or the housing  110 ) when the crown  102  is in its rest state. In some embodiments, the actuator  108  may move the crown body  104  away from the housing  110  in response to a user providing an input, such as pressing the crown  102  toward the housing  110 . 
       FIG. 3D  illustrates yet another type of haptic output provided through the crown  102  by the actuator  108 . Here, the actuator  108  rotates the shaft  106  and crown body  104  about the crown&#39;s axis of rotation. A user touching the crown body  104  may feel its rotation, which may stretch or shear the user&#39;s skin contacting the crown body  104 . This is a third type of haptic output that may be provided by the actuator  108  through the crown  102 . 
     As previously mentioned, haptic output may take the form of stopping crown  102  motion as well as moving the crown  102 . For example, the actuator  108  may periodically stop or slow rotation of the crown body  104  by braking the shaft  106  or crown body  104 . This change in rotational speed may be perceived by the user as yet another type of haptic output, for example in response to a rotational input. Similarly, the actuator  108  may accelerate rotation of the crown  102  to provide yet another type of haptic output. The actuator  108  may be configured to stop, slow, pause, and/or accelerate translation motion of the crown  102 , as well, as yet more examples of haptic output. 
     In some embodiments, the actuator  108  may move, shake, vibrate, or otherwise impact the housing  110  in addition to the crown  102  when providing haptic output. An electronic watch  100  or other device may incorporate multiple actuators  108 , such that one acts on the housing  110  while another acts on the crown  102 . Yet another actuator  108  may act on the display  120 . In still other embodiments, a single actuator  108  is used and the waveform produced by the actuator  108  is tuned to channel a majority of the actuator&#39;s force through the crown  102  rather than the housing  110 , thereby ensuring a majority of the haptic output passes through or along the crown  102 . In yet other embodiments, the actuator  108  is configured to move the crown  102  more than the housing  110  even though the housing  110  may be subjected to as much or more of the actuator&#39;s force than the crown  102 . 
     As discussed above, graphics displayed on the electronic devices herein may be manipulated through inputs provided to a crown.  FIGS. 4A-4B  generally depict examples of changing a graphical output displayed on an electronic device through inputs provided by force and/or rotational inputs to a crown assembly of the device. This manipulation (e.g., selection, acknowledgement, motion, dismissal, magnification, and so on) of a graphic, through inputs to the crown, may result in changes in operation of the electronic device and/or graphical output displayed by the electronic device. Although specific examples are provided and discussed, many operations may be performed by rotating and/or applying force to a crown such as the examples described above. Accordingly, the following discussion is by way of example and not limitation. Haptic output may be generated by an actuator  108  and transmitted through a crown  402  in response to any of the changes in output discussed herein. Further, insofar as the actuator  108  may provide haptic output in response to the same input that results in changes in graphical output on the display, the changes in graphical output and haptic output may occur substantially simultaneously. “Substantially simultaneously” generally means sufficiently close in time together that a user perceives the two as occurring at the same time, or, in some embodiments, within about 1-20 milliseconds of one another, or 1-150 milliseconds of one another in still other embodiments. 
       FIG. 4A  depicts an example electronic device  400  (shown here as an electronic watch) having a crown  402 . The crown  402  may be similar to the examples described above, and may receive force inputs along a first lateral direction, a second lateral direction, or an axial direction of the crown. The crown  402  may also receive rotational inputs. A display  406  provides a graphical output (e.g., shows information and/or other graphics). In some embodiments, the display  406  may be configured as a touch-sensitive display capable of receiving touch and/or force input. In the current example, the display  406  depicts a list of various items  461 ,  462 ,  463 , all of which are example graphical outputs. 
       FIG. 4B  illustrates how the graphical output shown on the display  406  changes as the crown  402  rotates, partially or completely (as indicated by the arrow  460 ). Rotating the crown  402  causes the list to scroll or otherwise move on the screen, such that the first item  461  is no longer displayed, the second and third items  462 ,  463  each move upwards on the display, and a fourth item  464  is now shown at the bottom of the display  406 . This is one example of a scrolling operation that can be executed by rotating the crown  402 . Such scrolling operations may provide a simple and efficient way to depict multiple items relatively quickly and in sequential order. In some examples, the items may be used to trigger various aspects of the optical sensor subsystems described herein, or to select various outputs of the optical sensor subsystems for further review. A speed of the scrolling operation may be controlled by the amount of rotational force applied to the crown  402  and/or the speed at which the crown  402  is rotated. Faster or more forceful rotation may yield faster scrolling, while slower or less forceful rotation yields slower scrolling. In some embodiments, rotation of the crown causes not only scrolling of the graphical output but also haptic output simulating one or more detents as the crown rotates, as discussed above. 
     The crown  402  may receive an axial force (e.g., a force inward toward the display  406  or watch body) to select an item from the list, in certain embodiments. Likewise, faster or more forceful rotation (or translation) of a crown  402  may yield faster or harder haptic output through the crown  402 , while slower or less forceful rotation or translation yields slower or less forceful haptic output. Put another way, haptic output transmitted through the crown may vary to match a parameter of an input or other output, such as speed, force, magnitude, and the like. 
       FIGS. 5A and 5B  illustrate an example zoom operation; haptic output may be provided through a crown as the zoom operation is carried out. The display  506  depicts a picture  566  at a first magnification, shown in  FIG. 5A ; the picture  566  is yet another example of an indicium. A user may apply a lateral force (e.g., a force along the x-axis) to the crown  502  of the electronic device  500  (illustrated by arrow  565 ), and in response the display  506  may zoom into the picture  566 , such that a portion  567  of the picture is shown at an increased magnification. This is shown in  FIG. 5B . The direction of zoom (in vs. out) and speed of zoom, or location of zoom, may be controlled through force applied to the crown  502 , and particularly through the direction of applied force and/or magnitude of applied force. Applying force to the crown  502  in a first direction may zoom in, while applying force to the crown  502  in an opposite direction may zoom out. Alternately, rotating or applying force to the crown  502  in a first direction may change the portion of the picture subject to the zoom effect. In some embodiments, applying an axial force (e.g., a force along the z-axis) to the crown  502  may toggle between different zoom modes or inputs (e.g., direction of zoom vs. portion of picture subject to zoom). In yet other embodiments, applying force to the crown  502  along another direction, such as along the y-axis, may return the picture  566  to the default magnification shown in  FIG. 5A . 
       FIGS. 6A and 6B  illustrate possible use of the crown  602  to change an operational state of the electronic device  600  or otherwise toggle between inputs; haptic output may be provided through the crown  602  in response to such changes or toggles. Turning first to  FIG. 6A , the display  606  depicts a question  668 , namely, “Would you like directions?” As shown in  FIG. 6B , a lateral force may be applied to the crown  602  (illustrated by arrow  670 ) to answer the question. Applying force to the crown  602  provides an input interpreted by the electronic device  600  as “yes,” and so “YES” is displayed as a graphic  669  on the display  606 . Applying force to the crown  602  in an opposite direction may provide a “no” input. Both the question  668  and graphic  669  are examples of graphical outputs. As one non-limiting example, a graphic or other information (such as a map or list of directions) may be shown on the display  606  in response to the user selecting “YES,” for example by rotating, translating, or touching the crown  602 . Haptic output may be provided through the crown  602  and linked to the displayed information; as one example, haptic output may be provided through the crown  602  whenever a user approaches a turn or other change in route or next step in the list of directions. 
     In the embodiment shown in  FIGS. 6A and 6B , the force applied to the crown  602  is used to directly provide the input, rather than select from options in a list (as discussed above with respect to  FIGS. 4A and 4B ). 
     As mentioned previously, force or rotational input to a crown of an electronic device may control many functions beyond those listed here. The crown may receive distinct force or rotational inputs to adjust a volume of an electronic device, a brightness of a display, or other operational parameters of the device. A force or rotational input applied to the crown may rotate to turn a display on or off, or turn the device on or off. A force or rotational input to the crown may launch or terminate an application on the electronic device. Further, combinations of inputs to the crown may likewise initiate or control any of the foregoing functions, as well. 
     In some cases, the graphical output of a display may be responsive to inputs applied to a touch-sensitive display (e.g., displays  406 ,  506 ,  606 , and the like) in addition to inputs applied to a crown. The touch-sensitive display may include or be associated with one or more touch and/or force sensors that extend along an output region of a display and which may use any suitable sensing elements and/or sensing techniques to detect touch and/or force inputs applied to the touch-sensitive display. The same or similar graphical output manipulations that are produced in response to inputs applied to the crown may also be produced in response to inputs applied to the touch-sensitive display. For example, a swipe gesture applied to the touch-sensitive display may cause the graphical output to move in a direction corresponding to the swipe gesture. As another example, a tap gesture applied to the touch-sensitive display may cause an item to be selected or activated. In this way, a user may have multiple different ways to interact with and control an electronic watch, and in particular the graphical output of an electronic watch. Further, while the crown may provide overlapping functionality with the touch-sensitive display, using the crown allows for the graphical output of the display to be visible (without being blocked by the finger that is providing the touch input). Likewise, an actuator may produce haptic output in response to an input to or through the crown. 
       FIG. 7  shows a sample electrical block diagram of an electronic device  700 , which electronic device may in some cases take the form of any of the watches or other wearable electronic devices described herein, or other portable or wearable electronic devices. The electronic device  700  can include a display  705  (e.g., a light-emitting display), a processing unit  710 , a power source  715 , a memory  720  or storage device, a sensor  725 , and an input/output (I/O) mechanism  730  (e.g., an input/output device, input/output port, or haptic input/output interface such as an actuator  108  and/or crown  102 , or the combination thereof). The processing unit  710  can control some or all of the operations of the electronic device  700 . The processing unit  710  can communicate, either directly or indirectly, with some or all of the components of the electronic device  700 . For example, a system bus or other communication mechanism  735  can provide communication between the processing unit  710 , the power source  715 , the memory  720 , the sensor  725 , and the input/output mechanism  730 . 
     The processing unit  710  can be implemented as any electronic device capable of processing, receiving, or transmitting data or instructions. For example, the processing unit  710  can be a microprocessor, a central processing unit (CPU), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signal processor (DSP), or combinations of such devices. As described herein, the term “processing unit” is meant to encompass a single processor or processing unit, multiple processors, multiple processing units, or other suitably configured computing element or elements. 
     It should be noted that the components of the electronic device  700  can be controlled by multiple processing units. For example, select components of the electronic device  700  (e.g., a sensor  725 ) may be controlled by a first processing unit and other components of the electronic device  700  (e.g., the display  705 ) may be controlled by a second processing unit, where the first and second processing units may or may not be in communication with each other. 
     The power source  715  can be implemented with any device capable of providing energy to the electronic device  700 . For example, the power source  715  may be one or more batteries or rechargeable batteries. Additionally or alternatively, the power source  715  can be a power connector or power cord that connects the electronic device  700  to another power source, such as a wall outlet. 
     The memory  720  can store electronic data that can be used by the electronic device  700 . For example, the memory  720  can store electrical data or content such as, for example, audio and video files, documents and applications, device settings and user preferences, timing signals, control signals, and data structures or databases. The memory  720  can be configured as any type of memory. By way of example only, the memory  720  can be implemented as random access memory, read-only memory, Flash memory, removable memory, other types of storage elements, or combinations of such devices. 
     The electronic device  700  may also include one or more sensors  725  positioned almost anywhere on the electronic device  700 . The sensor(s)  725  can be configured to sense one or more type of parameters, such as but not limited to, pressure, light, touch, heat, movement, relative motion, biometric data (e.g., biological parameters), and so on. For example, the sensor(s)  725  may include a heat sensor, a position sensor, a light or optical sensor, an accelerometer, a pressure transducer, a gyroscope, a magnetometer, a health monitoring sensor, and so on. Additionally, the one or more sensors  725  can utilize any suitable sensing technology, including, but not limited to, capacitive, ultrasonic, resistive, optical, ultrasound, piezoelectric, and thermal sensing technology. 
     The I/O mechanism  730  can transmit and/or receive data from a user or another electronic device. An I/O device can include a display, a touch sensing input surface, one or more buttons (e.g., a graphical user interface “home” button), one or more cameras, one or more microphones or speakers, one or more ports such as a microphone port, and/or a keyboard. Additionally or alternatively, an I/O device or port can transmit electronic signals via a communications network, such as a wireless and/or wired network connection. Examples of wireless and wired network connections include, but are not limited to, cellular, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, IR, and Ethernet connections. 
     The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, uses specific nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the specific details are not required in order to practice the described embodiments. Thus, the foregoing descriptions of the specific embodiments described herein are presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not targeted to be exhaustive or to limit the embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20190406
Publication Date: 20210302
Grant Date: 20210302
Priority Date: 20180830
Inventors: PANDYA, SAMEER
DE JONG, ERIK G.
ELY, COLIN M.
JACKSON, Benjamin G.
MA, LEI
ROACH, STEVEN C.
CARDINALI, STEVEN P.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G04G17/08", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G04G17/04", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/016", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G04G21/08", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G04G21/08", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0346", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0412", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G04G21/00", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0312", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/016", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G04G17/00", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0362", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G04G21/00", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G04G21/025", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G04C3/002", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/016", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/016", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G04G21/08", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0485", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/163", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G04G21/08", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G04G21/00", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/016", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 69639518