PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-8525839-B2
Application Number: US-78827810-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Device, method, and graphical user interface for providing digital content products

Abstract:
A multifunction device having a touch-sensitive surface displays graphical objects that represent digital content products, each graphic object having a front side image and a back side image. An initial display shows front side images of objects representing digital content products. A user input selects a graphical object, resulting in an animation that simultaneously flips the graphical object over and enlarges it. At the end of the animation, the back side is displayed, and is larger than the initial front side image. A second user input on a front side image of a second graphical object results in a second animation that simultaneously flips the first graphical object over and reduces its size, and also flips the second graphical object over and enlarges it. The front side image of the first graphical object and the back side image of the second graphical object are thereby concurrently displayed.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A multifunction device, comprising:
 a display; 
 a touch-sensitive surface; 
 one or more processors; 
 memory; and 
 one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for: 
 displaying graphical objects that represent digital content products, wherein each graphical object has a front side image of a respective digital content product and a back side image of the respective digital content product, and wherein an initial display of the graphical objects shows the front side images of a plurality of digital content products; 
 detecting a first user input comprising a contact on the touch-sensitive surface at a location that corresponds to a front side image of a first graphical object of the displayed graphical objects; 
 in response to detecting the first user input, displaying a first animation that simultaneously flips the first graphical object over and enlarges the first graphical object, wherein at the end of the first animation, the back side image of the first graphical object is displayed, and the back side image as displayed is larger than the front side image of the first graphical object as initially displayed; 
 detecting a second user input comprising a contact on the touch-sensitive surface at a location that corresponds to a front side image of a second graphical object of the displayed graphical objects; and, 
 in response to detecting the second user input:
 displaying a second animation that simultaneously
 flips the first graphical object over and reduces the size of the first graphical object, and 
 flips the second graphical object over and enlarges the second graphical object, wherein at the end of the second animation, the front side image of the first graphical object and the back side image of the second graphical object are concurrently displayed. 
 
 
 
     
     
       2. The device of  claim 1 , including instructions for, in response to detecting the first user input, visually deemphasizing graphical objects other than the first graphical object. 
     
     
       3. The device of  claim 1 , including instruction for, in response to detecting the second user input, visually deemphasizing graphical objects other than the second graphical object. 
     
     
       4. The device of  claim 1 , including instructions for updating state information of the device in accordance with updated positions of the first and second graphical objects at the end of the second animation. 
     
     
       5. The device of  claim 1 , wherein the second animation returns the first graphical object to a position of the first graphical object prior to the first animation. 
     
     
       6. The device of  claim 1 , wherein displaying the graphical objects, prior to detecting the first user input, comprises displaying the graphical objects in an array, the first graphical object having a first identified position in the array, and the second animation returns the first graphical object to the first identified position in the array. 
     
     
       7. A method, comprising: 
       at a multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface:
 displaying graphical objects that represent digital content products, wherein each graphical object has a front side image of a respective digital content product and a back side image of the respective digital content product, and wherein an initial display of the graphical objects shows the front side images of a plurality of digital content products; 
 detecting a first user input comprising a contact on the touch-sensitive surface at a location that corresponds to a front side image of a first graphical object of the displayed graphical objects; 
 in response to detecting the first user input, displaying a first animation that simultaneously flips the first graphical object over and enlarges the first graphical object, wherein at the end of the first animation, the back side image of the first graphical object is displayed, and the back side image as displayed is larger than the front side image of the first graphical object as initially displayed; 
 detecting a second user input comprising a contact on the touch-sensitive surface at a location that corresponds to a front side image of a second graphical object of the displayed graphical objects; and, 
 in response to detecting the second user input:
 displaying a second animation that simultaneously
 flips the first graphical object over and reduces the size of the first graphical object, and 
 flips the second graphical object over and enlarges the second graphical object, wherein at the end of the second animation, the front side image of the first graphical object and the back side image of the second graphical object are concurrently displayed. 
 
 
 
     
     
       8. The method of  claim 7 , including in response to detecting the first user input, visually deemphasizing graphical objects other than the first graphical object. 
     
     
       9. The method of  claim 7 , including in response to detecting the second user input, visually deemphasizing graphical objects other than the second graphical object. 
     
     
       10. The method of  claim 7 , including updating state information of the device in accordance with updated positions of the first and second graphical objects at the end of the second animation. 
     
     
       11. The method of  claim 7 , wherein the second animation returns the first graphical object to a position of the first graphical object prior to the first animation. 
     
     
       12. The method of  claim 7 , wherein displaying the graphical objects, prior to detecting the first user input, comprises displaying the graphical objects in an array, the first graphical object having a first identified position in the array, and the second animation returns the first graphical object to the first identified position in the array. 
     
     
       13. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions, which when executed by a multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface, cause the device to:
 display graphical objects that represent digital content products, wherein each graphical object has a front side image of a respective digital content product and a back side image of the respective digital content product, and wherein an initial display of the graphical objects shows the front side images of a plurality of digital content products; 
 detect a first user input comprising a contact on the touch-sensitive surface at a location that corresponds to a front side image of a first graphical object of the displayed graphical objects; 
 in response to detecting the first user input, display a first animation that simultaneously flips the first graphical object over and enlarges the first graphical object, wherein at the end of the first animation, the back side image of the first graphical object is displayed, and the back side image as displayed is larger than the front side image of the first graphical object as initially displayed; 
 detect a second user input comprising a contact on the touch-sensitive surface at a location that corresponds to a front side image of a second graphical object of the displayed graphical objects; and, 
 in response to detecting the second user input:
 display a second animation that simultaneously
 flips the first graphical object over and reduces the size of the first graphical object, and 
 flips the second graphical object over and enlarges the second graphical object, wherein at the end of the second animation, the front side image of the first graphical object and the back side image of the second graphical object are concurrently displayed. 
 
 
 
     
     
       14. The computer readable storage medium of  claim 13 , including instructions that cause the device, in response to detecting the first user input, to visually deemphasize graphical objects other than the first graphical object. 
     
     
       15. The computer readable storage medium of  claim 13 , including instructions that cause the device, in response to detecting the second user input, to visually deemphasize graphical objects other than the second graphical object. 
     
     
       16. The computer readable storage medium of  claim 13 , including instructions that cause the device to update state information of the device in accordance with updated positions of the first and second graphical objects at the end of the second animation. 
     
     
       17. The computer readable storage medium of  claim 13 , wherein the second animation returns the first graphical object to a position of the first graphical object prior to the first animation. 
     
     
       18. The computer readable storage medium of  claim 13 , wherein displaying the graphical objects, prior to detecting the first user input, comprises displaying the graphical objects in an array, the first graphical object having a first identified position in the array, and the second animation returns the first graphical object to the first identified position in the array.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/292,841, filed Jan. 6, 2010, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Providing Digital Content Products,” which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/473,846, “Rotation Smoothing of a User Interface,” filed May 28, 2009, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This relates generally to electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces, including but not limited to electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces that display digital content products. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The use of touch-sensitive surfaces as input devices for computers and other electronic computing devices has increased significantly in recent years. Exemplary touch-sensitive surfaces include touch pads and touch screen displays. Such surfaces are widely used to manipulate user interface objects on a display. 
     Existing methods for providing a user with digital media content (e.g., music, videos, audiobooks, and podcasts) are cumbersome, inefficient, and not intuitive. For example, finding a desired album and identifying the songs on the album are tedious and create a significant cognitive burden on a user. In addition, existing methods take longer than necessary, thereby wasting energy. This latter consideration is particularly important in battery-operated devices. 
     SUMMARY 
     Accordingly, there is a need for computing devices with faster, more efficient, and more intuitive methods and interfaces for providing a user with digital media content. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for providing a user with digital media content. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated computing devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges. 
     The above deficiencies and other problems associated with user interfaces for computing devices with touch-sensitive surfaces are reduced or eliminated by the disclosed devices. In some embodiments, the device is a desktop computer. In some embodiments, the device is portable (e.g., a notebook computer, tablet computer, or handheld device). In some embodiments, the device has a touchpad. In some embodiments, the device has a touch-sensitive display (also known as a “touch screen” or “touch screen display”). In some embodiments, the device has a graphical user interface (GUI), one or more processors, memory and one or more modules, programs or sets of instructions stored in the memory for performing multiple functions. In some embodiments, the user interacts with the GUI primarily through finger contacts and gestures on the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the functions may include image editing, drawing, presenting, word processing, website creating, disk authoring, spreadsheet making, game playing, telephoning, video conferencing, e-mailing, instant messaging, workout support, digital photographing, digital videoing, web browsing, digital music playing, and/or digital video playing. Executable instructions for performing these functions may be included in a computer readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at a multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. The method includes displaying graphical objects that represent digital content products. Each graphical object has a front side image of a respective digital content product and a back side image of the respective digital content product. The initial display of the graphical objects shows the front side images of a plurality of digital content products. The method also includes detecting a first user input, which comprises a contact on the touch-sensitive surface at a location that corresponds to a front side image of a first graphical object of the displayed graphical objects. In response to detecting the first user input, the method displays a first animation that simultaneously flips the first graphical object over and enlarges the first graphical object. At the end of the first animation, the back side image of the first graphical object is displayed, and the back side image as displayed is larger than the front side image of the first graphical object as initially displayed. The method also includes detecting a second user input, which comprises a contact on the touch-sensitive surface at a location that corresponds to a front side image of a second graphical object of the displayed graphical objects. In response to detecting the second user input, the method displays a second animation that simultaneously flips the first graphical object over and reduces the size of the first graphical object, and flips the second graphical object over and enlarges the second graphical object. At the end of the second animation, the front side image of the first graphical object and the back side of the second graphical object are concurrently displayed. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a multifunction device includes a display, a touch-sensitive surface, one or more processors, memory, and one or more programs; the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors. The one or more programs include instructions for performing the operations of the method described above. In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface on a multifunction device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, a memory, and one or more processors to execute one or more programs stored in the memory includes one or more of the elements displayed in the method described above, which are updated in response to inputs, as described in the method above. In accordance with some embodiments, a computer readable storage medium has stored therein instructions which when executed by a multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface, cause the device to perform the operations of the method described above. In accordance with some embodiments, a multifunction device includes: a display; a touch-sensitive surface; and means for performing the operations of the method described above. In accordance with some embodiments, an information processing apparatus, for use in a multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface, includes means for performing the operations of the method described above. 
     Thus, multifunction devices with displays and touch-sensitive surfaces are provided with faster, more efficient, and more intuitive methods and interfaces for providing a user with digital media content, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for providing a user with digital media content. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a better understanding of the aforementioned embodiments of the invention as well as additional embodiments thereof, reference should be made to the Description of Embodiments below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures. 
         FIGS. 1A and 1B  are block diagrams illustrating portable multifunction devices with touch-sensitive displays in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 1C  is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a portable multifunction device having a touch screen in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 4A and 4B  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for a menu of applications on a portable multifunction device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 4C  illustrates an exemplary user interface for a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 5A-5N  and  5 P- 5 R illustrate exemplary user interfaces for a digital content application in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 5O  illustrates schematically various stages in an animation for visually flipping over a digital content product in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 6A-6B  are flow diagrams illustrating a method of animating the movement of graphical objects corresponding to digital content products in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments. 
     It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first contact could be termed a second contact, and, similarly, a second contact could be termed a first contact, without departing from the scope of the present invention. The first contact and the second contact are both contacts, but they are not the same contact. 
     The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in the description of the invention and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     As used herein, the term “if” may be construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” may be construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event],” depending on the context. 
     As used herein, the term “resolution” of a display refers to the number of pixels (also called “pixel counts” or “pixel resolution”) along each axis or in each dimension of the display. For example, a display may have a resolution of 320×480 pixels. Furthermore, as used herein, the term “resolution” of a multifunction device refers to the resolution of a display in the multifunction device. The term “resolution” does not imply any limitations on the size of each pixel or the spacing of pixels. For example, compared to a first display with a 1024×768-pixel resolution, a second display with a 320×480-pixel resolution has a lower resolution. However, it should be noted that the physical size of a display depends not only on the pixel resolution, but also on many other factors, including the pixel size and the spacing of pixels. Therefore, the first display may have the same, smaller, or larger physical size, compared to the second display. 
     As used herein, the term “video resolution” of a display refers to the density of pixels along each axis or in each dimension of the display. The video resolution is often measured in a dots-per-inch (DPI) unit, which counts the number of pixels that can be placed in a line within the span of one inch along a respective dimension of the display. 
     Embodiments of computing devices, user interfaces for such devices, and associated processes for using such devices are described. In some embodiments, the computing device is a portable communications device, such as a mobile telephone, that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/or music player functions. Exemplary embodiments of portable multifunction devices include, without limitation, the iPhone® and iPod Touch® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. Other portable devices, such as laptops or tablet computers with touch-sensitive surfaces (e.g., touch screen displays and/or touch pads), may also be used. It should also be understood that, in some embodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but is a desktop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch screen display and/or a touch pad). 
     In the discussion that follows, a computing device that includes a display and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should be understood, however, that the computing device may include one or more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physical keyboard, a mouse and/or a joystick. 
     The device supports a variety of applications, such as one or more of the following: a drawing application, a presentation application, a word processing application, a website creation application, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheet application, a gaming application, a telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, a workout support application, a photo management application, a digital camera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing application, a digital music player application, and/or a digital video player application. 
     The various applications that may be executed on the device may use at least one common physical user-interface device, such as the touch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitive surface as well as corresponding information displayed on the device may be adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physical architecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the device may support the variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and transparent to the user. 
     The user interfaces may include one or more soft keyboard embodiments. The soft keyboard embodiments may include standard (QWERTY) and/or non-standard configurations of symbols on the displayed icons of the keyboard, such as those described in U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 11/459,606, “Keyboards For Portable Electronic Devices,” filed Jul. 24, 2006, and 11/459,615, “Touch Screen Keyboards For Portable Electronic Devices,” filed Jul. 24, 2006, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. The keyboard embodiments may include a reduced number of icons (or soft keys) relative to the number of keys in existing physical keyboards, such as that for a typewriter. This may make it easier for users to select one or more icons in the keyboard, and thus, one or more corresponding symbols. The keyboard embodiments may be adaptive. For example, displayed icons may be modified in accordance with user actions, such as selecting one or more icons and/or one or more corresponding symbols. One or more applications on the device may utilize common and/or different keyboard embodiments. Thus, the keyboard embodiment used may be tailored to at least some of the applications. In some embodiments, one or more keyboard embodiments may be tailored to a respective user. For example, one or more keyboard embodiments may be tailored to a respective user based on a word usage history (lexicography, slang, individual usage) of the respective user. Some of the keyboard embodiments may be adjusted to reduce a probability of a user error when selecting one or more icons, and thus one or more symbols, when using the soft keyboard embodiments. 
     Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable devices with touch-sensitive displays.  FIGS. 1A and 1B  are block diagrams illustrating portable multifunction devices  100  with touch-sensitive displays  112  in accordance with some embodiments. Touch-sensitive display  112  is sometimes called a “touch screen” for convenience, and may also be known as or called a touch-sensitive display system. Device  100  may include memory  102  (which may include one or more computer readable storage mediums), memory controller  122 , one or more processing units (CPU&#39;s)  120 , peripherals interface  118 , RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , input/output (I/O) subsystem  106 , other input or control devices  116 , and external port  124 . Device  100  may include one or more optical sensors  164 . These components may communicate over one or more communication buses or signal lines  103 . 
     It should be appreciated that device  100  is only one example of a portable multifunction device, and that device  100  may have more or fewer components than shown, may combine two or more components, or may have a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown in  FIGS. 1A and 1B  may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both hardware and software, including one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits. 
     Memory  102  may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Access to memory  102  by other components of device  100 , such as CPU  120  and the peripherals interface  118 , may be controlled by memory controller  122 . 
     Peripherals interface  118  can be used to couple input and output peripherals of the device to CPU  120  and memory  102 . The one or more processors  120  run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in memory  102  to perform various functions for device  100  and to process data. 
     In some embodiments, peripherals interface  118 , CPU  120 , and memory controller  122  may be implemented on a single chip, such as chip  104 . In some other embodiments, they may be implemented on separate chips. 
     RF (radio frequency) circuitry  108  receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  108  converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  108  may include well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RF circuitry  108  may communicate with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The wireless communication may use any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document. 
     Audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , and microphone  113  provide an audio interface between a user and device  100 . Audio circuitry  110  receives audio data from peripherals interface  118 , converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to speaker  111 . Speaker  111  converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves. Audio circuitry  110  also receives electrical signals converted by microphone  113  from sound waves. Audio circuitry  110  converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to peripherals interface  118  for processing. Audio data may be retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory  102  and/or RF circuitry  108  by peripherals interface  118 . In some embodiments, audio circuitry  110  also includes a headset jack (e.g.,  212 ,  FIG. 2 ). The headset jack provides an interface between audio circuitry  110  and removable audio input/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headset with both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input (e.g., a microphone). 
     I/O subsystem  106  couples input/output peripherals on device  100 , such as touch screen  112  and other input control devices  116 , to peripherals interface  118 . I/O subsystem  106  may include display controller  156  and one or more input controllers  160  for other input or control devices. The one or more input controllers  160  receive/send electrical signals from/to other input or control devices  116 . The other input control devices  116  may include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s)  160  may be coupled to any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, infrared port, USB port, and a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g.,  208 ,  FIG. 2 ) may include an up/down button for volume control of speaker  111  and/or microphone  113 . The one or more buttons may include a push button (e.g.,  206 ,  FIG. 2 ). A quick press of the push button may disengage a lock of touch screen  112  or begin a process that uses gestures on the touch screen to unlock the device, as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/322,549, “Unlocking a Device by Performing Gestures on an Unlock Image,” filed Dec. 23, 2005, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. A longer press of the push button (e.g.,  206 ) may turn power to device  100  on or off. The user may be able to customize a functionality of one or more of the buttons. Touch screen  112  is used to implement virtual or soft buttons and one or more soft keyboards. 
     Touch-sensitive display  112  provides an input interface and an output interface between the device and a user. Display controller  156  receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to touch screen  112 . Touch screen  112  displays visual output to the user. The visual output may include graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all of the visual output may correspond to user-interface objects. 
     Touch screen  112  has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor or set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact. Touch screen  112  and display controller  156  (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory  102 ) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on touch screen  112  and converts the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages or images) that are displayed on touch screen  112 . In an exemplary embodiment, a point of contact between touch screen  112  and the user corresponds to a finger of the user. 
     Touch screen  112  may use LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED (light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologies may be used in other embodiments. Touch screen  112  and display controller  156  may detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of a plurality of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with touch screen  112 . In an exemplary embodiment, projected mutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in the iPhone® and iPod Touch® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. 
     A touch-sensitive display in some embodiments of touch screen  112  may be analogous to the multi-touch sensitive touchpads described in the following U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,323,846 (Westerman et al.), 6,570,557 (Westerman et al.), and/or 6,677,932 (Westerman), and/or U.S. Patent Publication 2002/0015024A1, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. However, touch screen  112  displays visual output from portable device  100 , whereas touch sensitive touchpads do not provide visual output. 
     A touch-sensitive display in some embodiments of touch screen  112  may be as described in the following applications: (1) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/381,313, “Multipoint Touch Surface Controller,” filed May 2, 2006; (2) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/840,862, “Multipoint Touchscreen,” filed May 6, 2004; (3) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/903,964, “Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jul. 30, 2004; (4) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/048,264, “Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jan. 31, 2005; (5) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/038,590, “Mode-Based Graphical User Interfaces For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jan. 18, 2005; (6) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,758, “Virtual Input Device Placement On A Touch Screen User Interface,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; (7) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,700, “Operation Of A Computer With A Touch Screen Interface,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; (8) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,737, “Activating Virtual Keys Of A Touch-Screen Virtual Keyboard,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; and (9) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/367,749, “Multi-Functional Hand-Held Device,” filed Mar. 3, 2006. All of these applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. 
     Touch screen  112  may have a video resolution in excess of 100 dpi. In some embodiments, the touch screen has a video resolution of approximately 160 dpi. The user may make contact with touch screen  112  using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to work primarily with finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired by the user. 
     In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, device  100  may include a touchpad (not shown) for activating or deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output. The touchpad may be a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from touch screen  112  or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen. 
     In some embodiments, device  100  may include a physical or virtual wheel (e.g., a click wheel) as input control device  116 . A user may navigate among and interact with one or more graphical objects (e.g., icons) displayed in touch screen  112  by rotating the click wheel or by moving a point of contact with the click wheel (e.g., where the amount of movement of the point of contact is measured by its angular displacement with respect to a center point of the click wheel). The click wheel may also be used to select one or more of the displayed icons. For example, the user may press down on at least a portion of the click wheel or an associated button. User commands and navigation commands provided by the user via the click wheel may be processed by input controller  160  as well as one or more of the modules and/or sets of instructions in memory  102 . For a virtual click wheel, the click wheel and click wheel controller may be part of touch screen  112  and display controller  156 , respectively. For a virtual click wheel, the click wheel may be either an opaque or semitransparent object that appears and disappears on the touch screen display in response to user interaction with the device. In some embodiments, a virtual click wheel is displayed on the touch screen of a portable multifunction device and operated by user contact with the touch screen. 
     Device  100  also includes power system  162  for powering the various components. Power system  162  may include a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices. 
     Device  100  may also include one or more optical sensors  164 .  FIGS. 1A and 1B  show an optical sensor coupled to optical sensor controller  158  in I/O subsystem  106 . Optical sensor  164  may include charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistors. Optical sensor  164  receives light from the environment, projected through one or more lens, and converts the light to data representing an image. In conjunction with imaging module  143  (also called a camera module), optical sensor  164  may capture still images or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch screen display  112  on the front of the device, so that the touch screen display may be used as a viewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the front of the device so that the user&#39;s image may be obtained for videoconferencing while the user views the other video conference participants on the touch screen display. In some embodiments, the position of optical sensor  164  can be changed by the user (e.g., by rotating the lens and the sensor in the device housing) so that a single optical sensor  164  may be used along with the touch screen display for both video conferencing and still and/or video image acquisition. 
     Device  100  may also include one or more proximity sensors  166 .  FIGS. 1A and 1B  show proximity sensor  166  coupled to peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, proximity sensor  166  may be coupled to input controller  160  in I/O subsystem  106 . Proximity sensor  166  may perform as described in U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 11/241,839, “Proximity Detector In Handheld Device”; 11/240,788, “Proximity Detector In Handheld Device”; 11/620,702, “Using Ambient Light Sensor To Augment Proximity Sensor Output”; 11/586,862, “Automated Response To And Sensing Of User Activity In Portable Devices”; and 11/638,251, “Methods And Systems For Automatic Configuration Of Peripherals,” which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. In some embodiments, the proximity sensor turns off and disables touch screen  112  when the multifunction device is placed near the user&#39;s ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call). 
     Device  100  may also include one or more accelerometers  168 .  FIGS. 1A and 1B  show accelerometer  168  coupled to peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, accelerometer  168  may be coupled to an input controller  160  in I/O subsystem  106 . Accelerometer  168  may perform as described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 20050190059, “Acceleration-based Theft Detection System for Portable Electronic Devices,” and U.S. Patent Publication No. 20060017692, “Methods And Apparatuses For Operating A Portable Device Based On An Accelerometer,” both of which are which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. In some embodiments, information is displayed on the touch screen display in a portrait view or a landscape view based on an analysis of data received from the one or more accelerometers. Device  100  optionally includes, in addition to accelerometer(s)  168 , a magnetometer (not shown) and a GPS (or GLONASS or other global navigation system) receiver (not shown) for obtaining information concerning the location and orientation (e.g., portrait or landscape) of device  100 . 
     In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory  102  include operating system  126 , communication module (or set of instructions)  128 , contact/motion module (or set of instructions)  130 , graphics module (or set of instructions)  132 , text input module (or set of instructions)  134 , Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set of instructions)  135 , and applications (or sets of instructions)  136 . Furthermore, in some embodiments memory  102  stores device/global internal state  157 , as shown in  FIGS. 1A ,  1 B and  3 . Device/global internal state  157  includes one or more of: active application state, indicating which applications, if any, are currently active; display state, indicating what applications, views or other information occupy various regions of touch screen display  112 ; sensor state, including information obtained from the device&#39;s various sensors and input control devices  116 ; and location information concerning the device&#39;s location and/or attitude. 
     Operating system  126  (e.g., Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components. 
     Communication module  128  facilitates communication with other devices over one or more external ports  124  and also includes various software components for handling data received by RF circuitry  108  and/or external port  124 . External port  124  (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the 30-pin connector used on iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) devices. 
     Contact/motion module  130  may detect contact with touch screen  112  (in conjunction with display controller  156 ) and other touch sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). Contact/motion module  130  includes various software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact, such as determining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-down event), determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact). Contact/motion module  130  receives contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which is represented by a series of contact data, may include determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. These operations may be applied to single contacts (e.g., one finger contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g., “multitouch”/multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments, contact/motion module  130  and display controller  156  detects contact on a touchpad. In some embodiments, contact/motion module  130  and controller  160  detects contact on a click wheel. 
     Contact/motion module  130  may detect a gesture input by a user. Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contact patterns. Thus, a gesture may be detected by detecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a finger tap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event at the same position (or substantially the same position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequently followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event. 
     Graphics module  132  includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics on touch screen  112  or other display, including components for changing the intensity of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics” includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including without limitation text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations and the like. 
     In some embodiments, graphics module  132  stores data representing graphics to be used. Each graphic may be assigned a corresponding code. Graphics module  132  receives, from applications etc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with, if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and then generates screen image data to output to display controller  156 . 
     Text input module  134 , which may be a component of graphics module  132 , provides soft keyboards for entering text in various applications (e.g., contacts  137 , e-mail  140 , IM  141 , browser  147 , and any other application that needs text input). 
     GPS module  135  determines the location of the device and provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone  138  for use in location-based dialing, to camera  143  as picture/video metadata, and to applications that provide location-based services such as weather widgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets). 
     Applications  136  may include the following modules (or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof:
         contacts module  137  (sometimes called an address book or contact list);   telephone module  138 ;   video conferencing module  139 ;   e-mail client module  140 ;   instant messaging (IM) module  141 ;   workout support module  142 ;   camera module  143  for still and/or video images;   image management module  144 ;   video player module  145 ;   music player module  146 ;   browser module  147 ;   calendar module  148 ;   widget modules  149 , which may include one or more of: weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  149 - 3 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , dictionary widget  149 - 5 , and other widgets obtained by the user, as well as user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   widget creator module  150  for making user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   search module  151 ;   video and music player module  152 , which merges video player module  145  and music player module  146 ;   notes module  153 ;   map module  154 ; and/or   online video module  155 .       

     Examples of other applications  136  that may be stored in memory  102  include other word processing applications, other image editing applications, drawing applications, presentation applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice replication. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , contacts module  137  may be used to manage an address book or contact list (e.g., stored in application internal state  192  of contacts module  137  in memory  102  or memory  370 ), including: adding name(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book; associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or other information with a name; associating an image with a name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers or e-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications by telephone  138 , video conference  139 , e-mail  140 , or IM  141 ; and so forth. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , telephone module  138  may be used to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers in address book  137 , modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation and disconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As noted above, the wireless communication may use any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , contact list  137 , and telephone module  138 , videoconferencing module  139  includes executable instructions to initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user and one or more other participants in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140  includes executable instructions to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response to user instructions. In conjunction with image management module  144 , e-mail client module  140  makes it very easy to create and send e-mails with still or video images taken with camera module  143 . 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the instant messaging module  141  includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to an instant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit a respective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service (SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-based instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS for Internet-based instant messages), to receive instant messages and to view received instant messages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or received instant messages may include graphics, photos, audio files, video files and/or other attachments as are supported in a MMS and/or an Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging” refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , map module  154 , and music player module  146 , workout support module  142  includes executable instructions to create workouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burning goals); communicate with workout sensors (sports devices); receive workout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout; select and play music for a workout; and display, store and transmit workout data. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor(s)  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and image management module  144 , camera module  143  includes executable instructions to capture still images or video (including a video stream) and store them into memory  102 , modify characteristics of a still image or video, or delete a still image or video from memory  102 . 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and camera module  143 , image management module  144  includes executable instructions to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/or video images. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , and speaker  111 , video player module  145  includes executable instructions to display, present or otherwise play back videos (e.g., on touch screen  112  or on an external, connected display via external port  124 ). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , and browser module  147 , music player module  146  includes executable instructions that allow the user to download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files. In some embodiments, device  100  may include the functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , browser module  147  includes executable instructions to browse the Internet in accordance with user instructions, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portions thereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , calendar module  148  includes executable instructions to create, display, modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendar entries, to do lists, etc.) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , widget modules  149  are mini-applications that may be downloaded and used by a user (e.g., weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  149 - 3 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , and dictionary widget  149 - 5 ) or created by the user (e.g., user-created widget  149 - 6 ). In some embodiments, a widget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In some embodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , the widget creator module  150  may be used by a user to create widgets (e.g., turning a user-specified portion of a web page into a widget). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , search module  151  includes executable instructions to search for text, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory  102  that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , notes module  153  includes executable instructions to create and manage notes, to do lists, and the like in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , and browser module  147 , map module  154  may be used to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data associated with maps (e.g., driving directions; data on stores and other points of interest at or near a particular location; and other location-based data) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , online video module  155  includes instructions that allow the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen or on an external, connected display via external port  124 ), send an e-mail with a link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats, such as H.264. In some embodiments, instant messaging module  141 , rather than e-mail client module  140 , is used to send a link to a particular online video. Additional description of the online video application can be found in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/936,562, “Portable Multifunction Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Playing Online Videos,” filed Jun. 20, 2007, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/968,067, “Portable Multifunction Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Playing Online Videos,” filed Dec. 31, 2007, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
     Each of the above identified modules and applications correspond to a set of executable instructions for performing one or more functions described above and the methods described in this application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods described herein). These modules (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. For example, video player module  145  may be combined with music player module  146  into a single module (e.g., video and music player module  152 ,  FIG. 1B ). In some embodiments, memory  102  may store a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  102  may store additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     In some embodiments, device  100  is a device where operation of a predefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/or a touchpad as the primary input control device for operation of device  100 , the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) on device  100  may be reduced. 
     The predefined set of functions that may be performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad include navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by the user, navigates device  100  to a main, home, or root menu from any user interface that may be displayed on device  100 . In such embodiments, the touchpad may be referred to as a “menu button.” In some other embodiments, the menu button may be a physical push button or other physical input control device instead of a touchpad. 
       FIG. 1C  is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  102  (in  FIGS. 1A and 1B ) or  370  ( FIG. 3 ) includes event sorter  170  (e.g., in operating system  126 ) and a respective application  136 - 1  (e.g., any of the aforementioned applications  137 - 151 ,  155 ,  380 - 390 ). 
     Event sorter  170  receives event information and determines the application  136 - 1  and application view  191  of application  136 - 1  to which to deliver the event information. Event sorter  170  includes event monitor  171  and event dispatcher module  174 . In some embodiments, application  136 - 1  includes application internal state  192 , which indicates the current application view(s) displayed on touch sensitive display  112  when the application is active or executing. In some embodiments, device/global internal state  157  is used by event sorter  170  to determine which application(s) is(are) currently active, and application internal state  192  is used by event sorter  170  to determine application views  191  to which to deliver event information. 
     In some embodiments, application internal state  192  includes additional information, such as one or more of: resume information to be used when application  136 - 1  resumes execution, user interface state information that indicates information being displayed or that is ready for display by application  136 - 1 , a state queue for enabling the user to go back to a prior state or view of application  136 - 1 , and a redo/undo queue of previous actions taken by the user. 
     Event monitor  171  receives event information from peripherals interface  118 . Event information includes information about a sub-event (e.g., a user touch on touch-sensitive display  112 , as part of a multi-touch gesture). Peripherals interface  118  transmits information it receives from I/O subsystem  106  or a sensor, such as proximity sensor  166 , accelerometer(s)  168 , and/or microphone  113  (through audio circuitry  110 ). Information that peripherals interface  118  receives from I/O subsystem  106  includes information from touch-sensitive display  112  or a touch-sensitive surface. 
     In some embodiments, event monitor  171  sends requests to the peripherals interface  118  at predetermined intervals. In response, peripherals interface  118  transmits event information. In other embodiments, peripheral interface  118  transmits event information only when there is a significant event (e.g., receiving an input beyond a predetermined noise threshold and/or for more than a predetermined duration). 
     In some embodiments, event sorter  170  also includes a hit view determination module  172  and/or an active event recognizer determination module  173 . 
     Hit view determination module  172  provides software procedures for determining where a sub-event has taken place within one or more views, when touch sensitive display  112  displays more than one view. Views are made up of controls and other elements that a user can see on the display. 
     Another aspect of the user interface associated with an application is a set views, sometimes herein called application views or user interface windows, in which information is displayed and touch-based gestures occur. The application views (of a respective application) in which a touch is detected may correspond to programmatic levels within a programmatic or view hierarchy of the application. For example, the lowest level view in which a touch is detected may be called the hit view, and the set of events that are recognized as proper inputs may be determined based, at least in part, on the hit view of the initial touch that begins a touch-based gesture. 
     Hit view determination module  172  receives information related to sub-events of a touch-based gesture. When an application has multiple views organized in a hierarchy, hit view determination module  172  identifies a hit view as the lowest view in the hierarchy which should handle the sub-event. In most circumstances, the hit view is the lowest level view in which an initiating sub-event occurs (i.e., the first sub-event in the sequence of sub-events that form an event or potential event). Once the hit view is identified by the hit view determination module, the hit view typically receives all sub-events related to the same touch or input source for which it was identified as the hit view. 
     Active event recognizer determination module  173  determines which view or views within a view hierarchy should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In some embodiments, active event recognizer determination module  173  determines that only the hit view should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, active event recognizer determination module  173  determines that all views that include the physical location of a sub-event are actively involved views, and therefore determines that all actively involved views should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, even if touch sub-events were entirely confined to the area associated with one particular view, views higher in the hierarchy would still remain as actively involved views. 
     Event dispatcher module  174  dispatches the event information to an event recognizer (e.g., event recognizer  180 ). In embodiments including active event recognizer determination module  173 , event dispatcher module  174  delivers the event information to an event recognizer determined by active event recognizer determination module  173 . In some embodiments, event dispatcher module  174  stores in an event queue the event information, which is retrieved by a respective event receiver module  182 . 
     In some embodiments, operating system  126  includes event sorter  170 . Alternatively, application  136 - 1  includes event sorter  170 . In yet other embodiments, event sorter  170  is a stand-alone module, or a part of another module stored in memory  102 , such as contact/motion module  130 . 
     In some embodiments, application  136 - 1  includes one or more application views  191 , each of which includes instructions for handling touch events that occur within a respective view of the application&#39;s user interface. Each application view  191  of the application  136 - 1  includes one or more event recognizers  180  and one or more event handlers  190 . Typically, a respective application view  191  includes a plurality of event recognizers  180  and a plurality of event handlers  190 . In other embodiments, one or more of event recognizers  180  are part of a separate module, such as a user interface kit (not shown) or a higher level object from which application  136 - 1  inherits methods and other properties. In some embodiments, a respective application view  191  also includes one or more of: data updater  176 , object updater  177 , GUI updater  178 , and/or event data  179  received from event sorter  170 . 
     A respective event recognizer  180  receives event information (e.g., event data  179 ) from event sorter  170 , and identifies an event from the event information. Event recognizer  180  includes event receiver  182  and event comparator  184 . In some embodiments, event recognizer  180  also includes at least a subset of: metadata  183 , and event delivery instructions  188  (which may include sub-event delivery instructions). 
     Event receiver  182  receives event information from event sorter  170 . The event information includes information about a sub-event, for example, a touch or a touch movement. Depending on the sub-event, the event information also includes additional information, such as location of the sub-event. When the sub-event concerns motion of a touch the event information may also include speed and direction of the sub-event. In some embodiments, events include rotation of the device from one orientation to another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to a landscape orientation, or vice versa), and the event information includes corresponding information about the current orientation (also called device attitude) of the device. 
     Event comparator  184  compares the event information to predefined event or sub-event definitions and, based on the comparison, determines an event or sub-event, or determines or updates the state of an event or sub-event. In some embodiments, event comparator  184  includes event definitions  186 . Event definitions  186  contain definitions of events (e.g., predefined sequences of sub-events), for example, event  1  ( 187 - 1 ), event  2  ( 187 - 2 ), and others. In some embodiments, sub-events in an event  187  include, for example, touch begin, touch end, touch movement, touch cancellation, and multiple touching. In one example, the definition for event  1  ( 187 - 1 ) is a double tap on a displayed object. The double tap, for example, comprises a first touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a first lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase, a second touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, and a second lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase. In another example, the definition for event  2  ( 187 - 2 ) is a dragging on a displayed object. The dragging, for example, comprises a touch (or contact) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a movement of the touch across touch-sensitive display  112 , and lift-off of the touch (touch end). In some embodiments, the event also includes information for the event&#39;s associated event handlers  190 . 
     In some embodiments, event definition  187  includes a definition of an event for a respective user-interface object. In some embodiments, event comparator  184  performs a hit test to determine which user-interface object is associated with a sub-event. For example, in an application view in which three user-interface objects are displayed on touch-sensitive display  112 , when a touch is detected on touch-sensitive display  112 , event comparator  184  performs a hit test to determine which of the three user-interface objects is associated with the touch (sub-event). If each displayed object is associated with a respective event handler  190 , the event comparator uses the result of the hit test to determine which event handler  190  should be activated. For example, event comparator  184  selects an event handler associated with the sub-event and the object triggering the hit test. 
     In some embodiments, the definition for a respective event  187  also includes delayed actions that delay delivery of the event information until after it has been determined whether the sequence of sub-events does or does not correspond to the event recognizer&#39;s event type. 
     When a respective event recognizer  180  determines that the series of sub-events do not match any of the events in event definitions  186 , the respective event recognizer  180  enters an event impossible or event cancel state, after which is disregards subsequent sub-events of the touch-based gesture. In this situation, other event recognizers, if any, that remain active for the hit view continue to track and process sub-events of an ongoing touch-based gesture. 
     In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  includes metadata  183  with configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how the event delivery system should perform sub-event delivery to actively involved event recognizers. In some embodiments, metadata  183  includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how event recognizers may interact with one another. In some embodiments, metadata  183  includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate whether sub-events are delivered to varying levels in the view or programmatic hierarchy. 
     In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  activates event handler  190  associated with an event when one or more particular sub-events of an event are recognized. In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  delivers event information associated with the event to event handler  190 . Activating an event handler  190  is distinct from sending (and deferred sending) sub-events to a respective hit view. In some embodiments, event recognizer  180  throws a flag associated with the recognized event, and event handler  190  associated with the flag catches the flag and performs a predefined process. 
     In some embodiments, event delivery instructions  188  includes sub-event delivery instructions that deliver event information about a sub-event without activating an event handler. Instead, the sub-event delivery instructions deliver event information to event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or to actively involved views. Event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or with actively involved views receive the event information and perform a predetermined process. 
     In some embodiments, data updater  176  creates and updates data used in application  136 - 1 . For example, data updater  176  updates the telephone number used in contacts module  137 , or stores a video file used in video player module  145 . In some embodiments, object updater  177  creates and updates objects used in application  136 - 1 . For example, object updater  176  creates a new user-interface object or updates the position of a user-interface object. GUI updater  178  updates the GUI. For example, GUI updater  178  prepares display information and sends it to graphics module  132  for display on a touch-sensitive display. 
     In some embodiments, event handler(s)  190  includes or has access to data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178 . In some embodiments, data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178  are included in a single module of a respective application  136 - 1  or application view  191 . In other embodiments, they are included in two or more software modules. 
     It shall be understood that the foregoing discussion regarding event handling of user touches on touch-sensitive displays also applies to other forms of user inputs to operate multifunction devices  100  with input-devices, not all of which are initiated on touch screens, e.g., coordinating mouse movement and mouse button presses with or without single or multiple keyboard presses or holds, user movements taps, drags, scrolls, etc., on touch-pads, pen stylus inputs, movement of the device, oral instructions, detected eye movements, biometric inputs, and/or any combination thereof, which may be utilized as inputs corresponding to sub-events which define an event to be recognized. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a portable multifunction device  100  having a touch screen  112  in accordance with some embodiments. The touch screen may display one or more graphics within user interface (UI)  200 . In this embodiment, as well as others described below, a user may select one or more of the graphics by making contact or touching the graphics, for example, with one or more fingers  202  (not drawn to scale in the figure) or one or more styluses  203  (not drawn to scale in the figure). In some embodiments, selection of one or more graphics occurs when the user breaks contact with the one or more graphics. In some embodiments, the contact may include a gesture, such as one or more taps, one or more swipes (from left to right, right to left, upward and/or downward) and/or a rolling of a finger (from right to left, left to right, upward and/or downward) that has made contact with device  100 . In some embodiments, inadvertent contact with a graphic may not select the graphic. For example, a swipe gesture that sweeps over an application icon may not select the corresponding application when the gesture corresponding to selection is a tap. 
     Device  100  may also include one or more physical buttons, such as “home” or menu button  204 . As described previously, menu button  204  may be used to navigate to any application  136  in a set of applications that may be executed on device  100 . Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as a soft key in a GUI displayed on touch screen  112 . 
     In one embodiment, device  100  includes touch screen  112 , menu button  204 , push button  206  for powering the device on/off and locking the device, volume adjustment button(s)  208 , Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card slot  210 , head set jack  212 , and docking/charging external port  124 . Push button  206  may be used to turn the power on/off on the device by depressing the button and holding the button in the depressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by depressing the button and releasing the button before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an unlock process. In an alternative embodiment, device  100  also may accept verbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions through microphone  113 . 
       FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. Device  300  need not be portable. In some embodiments, device  300  is a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a tablet computer, a multimedia player device, a navigation device, an educational device (such as a child&#39;s learning toy), a gaming system, or a control device (e.g., a home or industrial controller). Device  300  typically includes one or more processing units (CPU&#39;s)  310 , one or more network or other communications interfaces  360 , memory  370 , and one or more communication buses  320  for interconnecting these components. Communication buses  320  may include circuitry (sometimes called a chipset) that interconnects and controls communications between system components. Device  300  includes input/output (I/O) interface  330  comprising display  340 , which is typically a touch screen display. I/O interface  330  also may include a keyboard and/or mouse (or other pointing device)  350  and touchpad  355 . Memory  370  includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM or other random access solid state memory devices; and may include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory  370  may optionally include one or more storage devices remotely located from CPU(s)  310 . In some embodiments, memory  370  stores programs, modules, and data structures analogous to the programs, modules, and data structures stored in memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100  ( FIG. 1 ), or a subset thereof. Furthermore, memory  370  may store additional programs, modules, and data structures not present in memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100 . For example, memory  370  of device  300  may store drawing module  380 , presentation module  382 , word processing module  384 , website creation module  386 , disk authoring module  388 , and/or spreadsheet module  390 , while memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100  ( FIG. 1 ) may not store these modules. 
     Each of the above identified elements in  FIG. 3  may be stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices. Each of the above identified modules corresponds to a set of instructions for performing a function described above. The above identified modules or programs (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  370  may store a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  370  may store additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) that may be implemented on portable multifunction device  100 . 
       FIGS. 4A and 4B  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for a menu of applications on portable multifunction device  100  in accordance with some embodiments. Similar user interfaces may be implemented on device  300 . In some embodiments, user interface  400 A includes the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:
         Signal strength indicator(s)  402  for wireless communication(s), such as cellular and Wi-Fi signals;   Time  404 ;   Bluetooth indicator  405 ;   Battery status indicator  406 ;   Tray  408  with icons for frequently used applications, such as:
           Phone  138 , which may include an indicator  414  of the number of missed calls or voicemail messages;   E-mail client  140 , which may include an indicator  410  of the number of unread e-mails;   Browser  147 ; and   Music player  146 ; and   
           Icons for other applications, such as:
           IM  141 ;   Image management  144 ;   Camera  143 ;   Video player  145 ;   Weather  149 - 1 ;   Stocks  149 - 2 ;   Workout support  142 ;   Calendar  148 ;   Calculator  149 - 3 ;   Alarm clock  149 - 4 ;   Dictionary  149 - 5 ; and   User-created widget  149 - 6 .   
               

     In some embodiments, user interface  400 B includes the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:
           402 ,  404 ,  405 ,  406 ,  141 ,  148 ,  144 ,  143 ,  149 - 3 ,  149 - 2 ,  149 - 1 ,  149 - 4 ,  410 ,  414 ,  138 ,  140 , and  147 , as described above;   Map  154 ;   Notes  153 ;   Settings  412 , which provides access to settings for device  100  and its various applications  136 , as described further below;   Video and music player module  152 , also referred to as iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) module  152 ; and   Online video module  155 , also referred to as YouTube (trademark of Google Inc.) module  155 .       

       FIG. 4C  illustrates an exemplary user interface on a device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG. 3 ) with a touch-sensitive surface  451  (e.g., a tablet or touchpad  355 ,  FIG. 3 ) that is separate from the display  450  (e.g., touch screen display  112 ). Although many of the examples which follow will be given with reference to inputs on a touch screen display  112  (where the touch sensitive surface and the display are combined), in some embodiments, the device detects inputs on a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display, as shown in  FIG. 4C . In some embodiments the touch sensitive surface (e.g.,  451  in  FIG. 4C ) has a primary axis (e.g.,  452  in  FIG. 4C ) that corresponds to a primary axis (e.g.,  453  in  FIG. 4C ) on the display (e.g.,  450 ). In accordance with these embodiments, the device detects contacts (e.g.,  460  and  462  in  FIG. 4C ) with the touch-sensitive surface  451  at locations that correspond to respective locations on the display (e.g., in  FIG. 4C   460  corresponds to  468  and  462  corresponds to  470 ). In this way, user inputs (e.g., contacts  460  and  462 , and movements thereof) detected by the device on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,  451  in  FIG. 4C ) are used by the device to manipulate the user interface on the display (e.g.,  450  in  FIG. 4C ) of the multifunction device when the touch-sensitive surface is separate from the display. It should be understood that similar methods may be used for other user interfaces described herein. 
     Additionally, while the following examples are given primarily with reference to finger inputs (e.g., finger contacts, finger tap gestures, finger swipe gestures), it should be understood that, in some embodiments, one or more of the finger inputs are replaced with input from another input device (e.g., a mouse based input or stylus input). For example, a swipe gesture may be replaced with a mouse click (e.g., instead of a contact) followed by movement of the cursor along the path of the swipe (e.g., instead of movement of the contact). As another example, a tap gesture may be replaced with a mouse click while the cursor is located over the location of the tap gesture (e.g., instead of detection of the contact followed by ceasing to detect the contact). Similarly, when multiple user inputs are simultaneously detected, it should be understood that multiple computer mice may be used simultaneously, or a mouse and finger contacts may be used simultaneously. 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) and associated processes that may be implemented on a multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface, such as device  300  or portable multifunction device  100 . 
       FIGS. 5A-5R  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for providing digital media content to a user in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in  FIGS. 6A-6B . 
       FIG. 5A  illustrates an exemplary user interface for displaying media content. In some embodiments, a user may view or listen to selected digital media content. In the embodiment of  FIG. 5A , the label “Now Playing”  514  identifies what digital content product has been selected for playing. When the content selected is music, an album graphic  516  appears to visually identify the content. When audio books, podcasts, videos, or other media are playing, other appropriate graphics are used, such as a book cover, or DVD cover. When a digital content product is selected, controls  502 ,  504 , and  506  may be used to play the media or position the media at an appropriate point. When a user activates the Play button  504 , the application begins playing the media (e.g., music). The reverse button  502  and fast forward button  506  may be used to reposition the media at a different location. In some embodiments there is a visual position control that indicates the current position within the song or other media, and the visual position control may be located under the controls  502 ,  504 , and  506 . In some embodiments a user may move a slider within the visual position control to change the current location within the selected media (e.g., position within the current song, podcast, or video). In some embodiments, the play button  504  becomes a “Stop” button when the media is playing. 
     The user interface illustrated in  FIG. 5A  includes media groups  512 , which group together media content types, such as music, podcasts, audio books, video, and user created playlists. In the embodiment of  FIG. 5A , the “Library”  512 - 1  is selected, as shown visually by the highlighting of the “library” label. The embodiment in  FIG. 5A  also includes a category selection bar  522 , which provides alternative views of the digital content. In  FIG. 5A , the currently selected category is “Songs,” shown visually by the highlighting of the “Songs” box  522 - 1  in the catalog selection bar  522 . The other illustrated categories will be described in more detail below. In some embodiments, the content items displayed are determined by the combination of the group and category selected. Search control  508  allows a user to perform a search of all available digital content. In some embodiments, the search is performed within the currently selected group and category; in other embodiments the search is conducted over all of the available content, regardless of the selected group or category. 
     In some embodiments, the formatting for the listing of digital content media depends on the selected group and/or category. In the embodiment of  FIG. 5A , the digital content media are songs, corresponding to the selection of the “Songs” category  522 - 1  in category selection bar  522 . In some embodiments, the songs are listed alphabetically by title. In some embodiments where the songs are listed alphabetically, there is a letter title bar at the beginning of each letter, such as title bar “A”  524  shown in  FIG. 5A . In some embodiments, there is a quick selector bar  510 S, which allows a user to jump to songs beginning with a selected letter. For example, selecting letter “M” (e.g., by contacting the touch sensitive surface in a location near the letter “M”) would cause the display to jump to the beginning of the songs whose titles begin with the letter M. 
     In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 5A , the listing displays song title  526 , the song artist or music group  528 , the corresponding album  530  in which the song appears, and the duration of the song  532 . In some cases the same song title may be used in different albums, or by different artists or music groups, so the additional information may be necessary to uniquely identify a specific instance of a song. 
     The create playlist button  518  and create genius playlist button  520  provide two exemplary ways to create lists of songs. When a user selects the create genius playlist button  520 , the user interface provides the user with a popup box to select one or more songs to form the basis for a genius playlist. The application creates a playlist with songs that are similar to the selected song or songs. The similarity selection may be based on historical data of what other users consider similar and/or other technical information about the songs, such as genre. 
     When a user selects the create playlist button  518 , some embodiments provide a popup  534  prompting for the user for a name of the playlist, as illustrated in  FIG. 5B . In exemplary embodiments, the popup  534  has a title bar  536  for entry of the playlist title, a cancel button  538  to cancel creation of the playlist, and a save button  540  to create a playlist with the entered name. In embodiments where the computing device has a physical keyboard, a user can key in the name of the playlist using the keyboard. In embodiments without a physical keyboard, a soft keyboard  542  appears, displaying the keyboard characters. In some embodiments, the soft keyboard  542  uses a standard QWERTY layout; in other embodiments, the soft keyboard  542  uses a limited QWERTY layout, which includes only those characters (e.g., letters, numbers, comma, period, dash and space) relevant to creating a playlist name. Optionally, soft keyboard  542  excludes function keys, cursor positioning keys, and punctuation and symbols not allowed in playlist names. In other embodiments, a simplified soft keyboard  542  may be used with alternative key layouts. 
     Once a playlist name has been created by the user, the user selects the songs to add to the playlist. In the exemplary embodiment shown in  FIG. 5C , the available list of songs is displayed, with the instruction bar  544  identifying the playlist to create. In the embodiment of  FIG. 5C , the user is adding songs to the “Test” playlist. In some embodiments, sources button  543  enables the user to limit the displayed songs to songs from one or more user-selected publisher (e.g., from a list of publishers). In some embodiments, songs may be selected by a user input anywhere within a row that contains the song. In some embodiments, the user input is a click of a pointing device. In other embodiments, the user input is a tap or other finger gesture on the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, there are selection icons  548  which may be used to select a song for inclusion in a playlist. In some embodiments, a user may select a song for inclusion using either a selection icon  548  or other user input on a row identifying a song. In some embodiments, a song that has been selected is dimmed or otherwise identified so that the user knows it has been included in the playlist. In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 5C , the song “Criminology” has been selected, so row  547  is dimmed. On the other hand, “Crazy Love” has not been selected, so row  546  does not appear dimmed. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize that there are many alternative ways to identify which songs have been selected. In some embodiments, a specific song may be included multiple times in the same playlist by selecting the same song multiple times. When the user is done selecting songs, the user presses the “Done” button  545 . 
     After user selection of the done button, some embodiments provide a display of the songs in the playlist as shown in  FIG. 5D . The playlist title bar  550  identifies the playlist, and the listing shows both song titles  552  and song artist/group  554 . In some embodiments, the corresponding album, duration of the song, or other identifying information is also provided in the list. In some embodiments, the listing shown in  FIG. 5D  also appears if a user selects a playlist from the media groups  512  (as shown in  FIG. 5A ). In some embodiments there is a means to begin editing a playlist, such as Edit button  556 . 
     When a user chooses to edit a playlist (e.g., but pressing the Edit button  556  in  FIG. 5D ), the display changes, as shown by the exemplary embodiment in  FIG. 5E . A user may choose to either add additional songs to the playlist or remove songs from the playlist. If the user selects the “Add Songs” button  558 , the user is taken to the user interface form shown in  5 C. Alternatively, the user may choose to remove one or more songs, then press the Done button  560  to return to the playlist review form shown in  FIG. 5D . In some embodiments song reordering icons  564  enable a user to reorder the listed songs by dragging a user-selected song to a new position within the displayed playlist. In some embodiments, a song is removed from a playlist by selecting a remove song icon  562  on a row corresponding to a song. In some embodiments, the remove song icon  562  is a “minus” symbol, either alone, or in combination with other symbols. In some embodiments, a user may remove a song from a playlist using a specific finger gesture or other user input on the touch-sensitive surface. 
     In some embodiments, pressing the remove song icon  562  immediately removes the song from the playlist. In other embodiments, pressing the remove song icon  562  prompts the user for confirmation as shown in  FIG. 5F . In embodiments that require confirmation for removal of a song, a “Delete” (or similar) button  568  appears on the row containing the song, and the user must press that button to confirm removal of the song from the playlist. In some embodiments, the Delete button  568  replaces the song reordering icon  564  on the row requiring confirmation of deletion. In some embodiments, the remove song icon  562  is modified (e.g., rotating by 90 degrees), creating a modified remove song icon  566  after the remove song icon  562  has been pressed. In some embodiments, the modified remove song icon  566  can be pressed to cancel removal of the song, thus returning the graphical user interface to that shown in  FIG. 5E . 
       FIG. 5G  illustrates an exemplary user interface for viewing digital media content based on the song artists rather than song titles. In some embodiments, the artists are listed alphabetically, as illustrated in  FIG. 5G . In some embodiments there is a quick selector bar  510 A, which allows a user to jump to artists whose names begin with a selected letter. In an exemplary list view, the names of the artists  570 A appear first, then include information about the albums by each artist. In some embodiments, there are visual album graphics  572 A, which show the album covers of each of the albums by each artist. When the number of albums for an artist exceeds the space allocated in the display, the list of albums can be scrolled by the user by using touch gestures to scroll the list up and down. In some embodiments, the listing also includes a textual description  574 A of the albums by each artist. In some embodiments, the textual description identifies the number of albums and number of songs by each artist, as illustrated in  FIG. 5G . 
     When a user selects an artist from the graphical user interface shown in  FIG. 5G  (such as tapping or contacting the touch sensitive surface on a row corresponding to an artist), a subsequent user interface appears that shows the albums for the selected artist. An exemplary user interface to show the albums for an artist appears in  FIG. 5H . In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 5H , there is an “Artists” button  576 A that returns the user to the graphical user interface of  FIG. 5G  with a list of artists. In some embodiments, there is an artist title bar  580 A that identifies the name of the artist selected. The albums shown in this view all correspond to the selected artist. In some embodiments, for each album, there is an album graphic  578 A, an album title bar  582 A, and a year or date  584 A associated with release of the album. The album graphic  578 A in some embodiments corresponds to the cover of the album. The Song listing includes the name of each song  586 A, and in some embodiments, includes the duration  588 A for each song. When the list of songs cannot all fit onto the screen simultaneously, the list of songs is scrollable. In some embodiments, as the song list scrolls upward, the top album graphic  578 A stays in the same position as the songs scroll, until the top album graphic  578 A is “forced” to scroll to make space for the next album graphic. When scrolling downward, the process is reversed, with an album graphic beginning to appear as there is space for it. 
       FIGS. 5I-5O  illustrate exemplary graphical user interfaces for displaying albums or other media content. As  FIG. 5I  illustrates, in some embodiments the albums are displayed in an array, which may be two dimensional. The album graphics, such as album graphic # 1   590 - 1 , album graphic # 3   590 - 3 , and album graphic # 4   590 - 4  display the front side images of albums or other digital media products. In some embodiments, these front side images correspond to the images seen on the front covers of physical media corresponding to the same digital content. For example, the album cover of a physical CD may provide the front side image used for the album graphic shown in  FIG. 5I .  FIG. 5J  presents album data similar to  FIG. 5I , but displayed in a portrait mode. In some embodiments, the graphical user interface may switch dynamically from landscape mode (as shown in  FIG. 5I ) to portrait mode (as shown in  FIG. 5J ) dynamically. Because of the different dimensions, the portrait mode may show more media groups  512  than the landscape mode of  FIG. 5I , but may show fewer albums. 
       FIG. 5K  illustrates how an album may be selected. In some embodiments, front side image  590 - 3  is selected by tapping or contacting the touch-sensitive surface at a position  592 - 3  within the front side image  590 - 3 . In some embodiments, additional “leeway” is given, so that a tap or touch on the touch-sensitive surface within expanded region  591 - 3  will select the graphical object corresponding to front side image  590 - 3 . The shape of expanded region  591 - 3  may be any convenient shape, but would generally be substantially the same shape as the corresponding front side image (but larger than the front side image). In some embodiments using a pointing device, hovering a pointer over front side image  590 - 3  or expanded region  591 - 3  would constitute selection of the corresponding graphical object. 
     When the graphical object corresponding to an album is selected, the graphical user interface displays an animation. In the animation, the graphical object (e.g., album) is flipped over and visually brought closer to the user by expanding the size of the graphical object. In preferred embodiments the animation has continuous smooth motion, starting with a view of a front side image and ending with a enlarged view of the back side image. This process is described in more detail below with respect to  FIG. 5O . For example, the animation begins with front side image  590 - 3  shown in  FIG. 5K , and ends with back side image  594 - 3  shown in  FIG. 5L . In some embodiments, the front side image  590 - 3  includes a graphical image representing a front cover of an album (or a video, audio book, podcast, etc.), and the back side image  594 - 3  includes information about the content of the digital content product (e.g., album), such as a scrollable list of songs or other pieces of content. In the view shown in  FIG. 5L , one enlarged back side image  594 - 3  appears, and the remaining digital content products are represented by their front side images, such as front side image  590 - 1 . In some embodiments, a tap or touch on the touch-sensitive surface in the region of the back side image (such as  594 - 3  in  FIG. 5L ) flips the digital object over, reversing the earlier animation, and returning the graphical object to the front side image  590 - 3  as shown in  FIG. 5K . See the discussion regarding  FIG. 5O  for the reverse animation. 
     When a back side image (such as  594 - 3  in  FIG. 5M ) is displayed, and a user selects a front side image of another graphical object (such as front side image  590 - 6  in  FIG. 5M ), the graphical user interface simultaneously display two animations: in one animation, the graphical object corresponding to back side image  594 - 3  flips over and reduces in size back to the original front side image; and the front side image  590 - 6  flips over and enlarges. Each of these animations is described in more detail with respect to  FIG. 5O  below. As shown in  FIG. 5M , selection of the second graphical object may be by tapping or touching  592 - 6  within a second front side graphical image  590 - 6 , or by tapping or touching the touch-sensitive surface within an expanded region  591 - 6 . In some embodiments that use a pointing device, hovering the pointer over the front side image  590 - 6  or over the expanded region  591 - 6  will select the corresponding graphical object. 
     At the end of the two simultaneous animations, the front side image of the first graphical object (e.g.,  590 - 3 ) is returned to its original size and location, and the enlarged back side image  594 - 6  of the second graphical object is displayed. The information provided on back side image  594 - 6  is analogous to the information provided by the back side image  594 - 3  of the first graphical object (e.g., song titles). This is illustrated in  FIG. 5N . In some cases, at the end of the two animations, the back side image of the second graphical object partially or fully covers the front side image of the first graphical object. As  FIG. 5N  shows, back side image  594 - 6  partially covers front side image  590 - 3 . In some embodiments, rather than perform the two animations simultaneously, the two animations are performed sequentially, at least partially. For example, in some embodiments, the animation to flip and expand the second graphical object occurs after the first graphical object has returned to the original size and position showing its front side. In other embodiments, the animation to flip and expand the second graphical object occurs after the animation to return the first graphical object to its original size and position has already begun. 
       FIG. 5O  is a schematic sequence depicting snapshots of various points in the animations identified above. Reading the snapshots from  596 A to  596 G illustrates the process of flipping over a graphical object to see the back side image. Reading the snapshots from  596 G to  596 A illustrates the process of flipping a graphical object back over and returning it to its original size. In preferred embodiments, each expansion animation begins at  596 A, and ends at  596 G through a continuous motion. Each contraction animation starts at  596 G, and ends at  596 A through a continuous motion. 
     An analogy to physical media facilitates understanding of this animation. If a person sees the front side of a music CD sitting on a table, and wishes to see what songs are on the CD, the user simultaneously brings the CD closer to her eyes and flips it over to see the back side of the CD. Just flipping over the CD would not be enough because the font size would generally be too small to read at a distance. Similarly, just bringing the CD closer would not be enough because the songs are listed on the back side. A person thus flips over the CD and brings it closer at the same time. The animation described herein provides a visual effect similar to the physical media just described. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 5O , the flipping and expanding begin by moving forward the right hand side of the front image. At the same time, the left hand side moves back, away from the user. However, because the motion also brings the overall image closer to the user, the left hand side does not appear to get smaller. Images  596 B and  596 C in  FIG. 5O  illustrate roughly a 45 degree turn and a 60 degree turn from the original position showing the front side. Image  596 D shows the graphical object after 90 degrees of rotation, showing just the edge between the front side image and the back side image. Image  596 E rotates the graphical object about another 20 degrees, so that the back side becomes partially visible. The left hand side of image  596 E stays roughly in the same place as the right hand side moves forward, resulting in Image  596 F. Finally, completing the rotation results in back side image  596 G. The graphical object undergoes a rotation of 180 degrees as the graphical object moves from image  596 A to  596 G. A rotation in the opposite direction plus movement away from the user takes the graphical object from image  596 G back to image  596 A. 
       FIG. 5P  illustrates an exemplary graphical user interface that presents a genre view of the digital media products. In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 5P  there are 4 genres, including “Alternative,” “Electronic,” “R&amp;B/Soul,” and “Rock.” In the embodiment shown, the “Alternative” genre is portrayed by genre graphic # 1   598 - 1 , and the “Rock” genre is portrayed by genre graphic # 4   598 - 4 . For each genre, there is a label and identifier of the number of songs within that genre (e.g., labels  599 - 1  and  599 - 4 ). In other embodiments, the labels specify the number of albums within the genre, or other information about the genre. A user may select a genre by tapping or touching the touch-sensitive surface within a genre graphic, such as  598 - 1  or  598 - 4 . In some embodiments, there are expanded regions (analogous to region  591 - 3  in  FIG. 5K ) around each genre graphic where a tap or touch will select the genre. In some embodiments, selection of a genre brings up a list of songs, similar to the list shown in  FIG. 5A . In other embodiments, selection of a genre brings up a list of albums, similar to the graphical user interface shown in  FIG. 5I . In other embodiments, selection of a genre brings up a list of albums together with the songs on those albums, similar to the graphical user interface shown in  FIG. 5H . 
       FIG. 5Q  illustrates an exemplary view of digital content products based on composers. In some embodiments, the listed digital content is sorted alphabetically by the names of the composers. In the embodiment shown, there is a separate row for each distinct set of composer names  570 C. A “set” of composers comprises one or more composers. For example, composer names Juan Luis Morera &amp; Llandel Veguilla  570 C- 1  is not the same as the set of composer names Juan Luis Morera, Llandel Veguilla, and Ernesto F. Padilla  570 C- 2 , so there are two separate rows. In some instances, a single album has songs composed by different sets of composers. In some embodiments, for each set of composers, one album graphic  572 C is displayed, which may be a front side image of an album that contains a song composed by the set of composers. In some embodiments, the list includes an identification column  574 C that specifies how many albums and/or songs have the set of composers. In some embodiments, there is a quick selector bar  510 C that allows a user to jump directly to composers whose names begin with a certain letter by tapping or touching on the touch-sensitive surface on a letter within the quick selector bar  510 C. In some embodiments, there are graphical user interfaces similar to the one shown in  FIG. 5Q  for composer views when the digital content products are podcasts, audio books, videos, etc. From the graphical user interface shown in  FIG. 5Q , a user may select a set of composers by tapping or touching the touch-sensitive surface on a row corresponding to a set of composers. 
     In some embodiments, selection of a set of composers brings up an album list as illustrated in  FIG. 5R , which is similar to the album list for artists illustrated in  FIG. 5H . In some embodiments, the list displays all albums  578 C that contain one or more songs composed by the set of composers identified in the composer title bar  580 C. In some embodiments, each album includes a title bar  582 C and the year  584 C (or date) when the album was published. In some embodiments, the song list includes only songs composed by the identified set of composers. In other embodiments, all of the songs appearing on an album are listed, even if composed by a different set of composers. In some embodiments that show all of the songs on a album regardless of the set of composers, there is additional information for each song to specify the set of composers. In some of these embodiments, the songs composed by the selected set of composers are placed at the top of the list, or otherwise highlighted or emphasized to show that they match the selected set of composers. In some embodiments, the song list includes each song title  586 C and duration  588 C. In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 5R , there is a “Composers” button  576 C that returns the user to the graphical user interface of  FIG. 5Q  with a list of composers. 
       FIGS. 6A-6B  are flow diagrams illustrating a method  600  of providing digital media content to a user in accordance with some embodiments. Method  600  is performed at a multifunction device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG. 3 , or portable multifunction device  100 ,  FIG. 1 ) with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is a touch screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method  600  may be combined and/or the order of some operations may be changed. 
     As described below, method  600  provides an intuitive way to display the digital media content of a digital content product. In some embodiments, the method identifies the songs associated with a particular album. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when the user seeks to identify the individual digital media content items associated with a digital content product, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated computing devices, enabling a user to view the digital content faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     Method  600  is performed ( 602 ) at a multifunction device that has a display and a touch sensitive surface. Graphical objects that represent digital content products are displayed ( 604 ). Each graphical object representing a digital content product has a front side image (such as front side album cover  590 - 1 ,  590 - 3 , and  590 - 4  in  FIGS. 5I and 5J , or other cover images) of a respective digital content product (such as a music album, audio book, podcast, or video) and a back side image of the respective digital content product (such as back side image  594 - 3  in  FIG. 5L  and back side image  594 - 6  in  FIG. 5N ). In some embodiments, the back side image includes a scrollable list of pieces of content in the digital content product (such as a list of songs) or other information about the digital content product. In some embodiments, display of the graphical objects, prior to detecting a first user input, comprises displaying the graphical objects in an array ( 606 ), and each graphical object has a position in the array ( 606 ). For example,  FIGS. 5I-5K  display an array of eight album graphics, and each album graphic, such as  590 - 4 , has a position within the array. In some embodiments, such as those shown in  FIGS. 5I-5K , the graphical objects are in a two-dimensional array ( 608 ). As illustrated in the embodiment of  FIG. 5I , the individual rows and/or columns of the array need not be complete: this example shows a first row with five graphics, and a second row with only three graphics. As  FIGS. 5I-5K  illustrate, an initial display of the graphical objects shows ( 610 ) the front side images of a plurality of digital content products (e.g., front side images  590 - 1 ,  590 - 3 , and  590 - 4 ). 
     The method detects ( 612 ) a first user input comprising a contact on the touch sensitive surface at a location that corresponds to a front side image of a first graphical object of the displayed graphical objects. As illustrated in  FIG. 5K , there is a contact  592 - 3  on front side image  590 - 3 . In some embodiments, there must be a contact directly on a front side image, such as front side image  590 - 3  in  FIG. 5K . In some embodiments, the contact location may be on or near a front side image, such as the region  591 - 3  surrounding front side image  590 - 3 . In some embodiments, the first user input comprises hovering a pointing device over a front side image or near a front side image. For example, in  FIG. 5K , the first user input may include hovering a pointer over front side image  590 - 3  or over region  591 - 3 . In some embodiments, first graphical object has a first identified position in the array of graphical objects ( 614 ). For example, the first graphical object  590 - 3  in  FIG. 5K  has a first identified position, which is the first row and third column. 
     Method  600  responds ( 616 ) to detecting the first user input. Method  600  displays a first animation that simultaneously flips ( 618 ) the first graphical object over and enlarges ( 618 ) the first graphical object.  FIG. 5O  illustrates an exemplary process of flipping and enlarging the first graphical object in the sequence of images  596 A- 596 G. In exemplary embodiments, the flipping and enlarging are continuous smooth motions;  FIGS. 596A-596G  illustrate a small number of snapshots in the continuous motion. In other embodiments, the flipping and enlarging are performed in discrete steps. At the end of the animation, the back side image of the first graphical object is displayed, and the back side image as displayed is larger than the front side image of the first graphical object as initially displayed ( 620 ). For example,  FIG. 5L  illustrates back side image  594 - 3  after flipping and enlarging. The back side image  594 - 3  is larger than the front side image  590 - 3  that was initially displayed. The flipping and enlarging is also illustrated in the sequence  596 A- 596 G in  FIG. 5O . In some embodiments, method  600  visually deemphasizes ( 622 ) graphical objects other than the first graphical object. To visually deemphasize other graphical objects, method  600  may diminish other graphical objects that represent other digital content products (relative to the display of the back side image of the first graphical object) by dimming, shading, graying-out, or otherwise deemphasizing the other graphical objects. 
     The method detects ( 624 ) a second user input comprising a contact on the touch sensitive surface at a location that corresponds to a front side image of a second graphical object of the displayed graphical objects. As illustrated in  FIG. 5M , there is a contact  592 - 6  on front side image  590 - 6 . In some embodiments, there must be a contact directly on a front side image, such as front side image  590 - 6  in  FIG. 5M . In some embodiments, the contact location may be on or near a front side image, such as the region  591 - 6  surrounding front side image  590 - 6 . In some embodiments, the second user input comprises hovering a pointing device over a front side image or near a front side image. For example, in  FIG. 5M , the first user input may include hovering a pointer over front side image  590 - 6  or over region  591 - 6 . 
     Method  600  responds ( 626 ) to detecting the second user input. Method  600  displays ( 628 ) a second animation that simultaneously flips ( 628 ) the first graphical object over and reduces ( 628 ) the size of the first graphical object, and flips ( 628 ) the second graphical object over and enlarges ( 628 ) the second graphical object.  FIG. 5O  illustrates an exemplary process of flipping and enlarging the second graphical object in the sequence of images  596 A- 596 G.  FIG. 5O  also illustrates an exemplary process of flipping and reducing in size the first graphical object by following the snapshots in the reverse order  596 G- 596 A. At the end of the second animation, the front side image of the first graphical object and the back side image of the second graphical object are concurrently displayed ( 630 ). In some instances the enlarged back side image of the second graphical object may partially or fully cover the front side image of the first graphical object. For example,  FIG. 5N  illustrates back side image of the second graphical object  594 - 6  partially covering the front side image of the first graphical object  590 - 3 . 
     In some embodiments, method  600  visually deemphasizes ( 632 ) graphical objects other than the second graphical object. To visually deemphasize other graphical objects, method  600  may diminish other graphical objects that represent other digital content products (relative to the display of the back side image of the second graphical object) by dimming, shading, graying-out, or otherwise deemphasizing the other graphical objects. As illustrated by front side image  590 - 3  in  FIG. 5N , in some embodiments, the second animation returns the first graphical object to the original position of the first graphical prior to the first animation ( 634 ). In some embodiments, the second animation returns the first graphical object to the first identified position in the array ( 636 ). For example,  FIG. 5N  shows first graphical object returned to its original location in the first row and third column of the array. 
     At the end of the second animation, some embodiments update state information of the multifunction device in accordance with updated positions of the first and second graphical objects at the end of the second animation ( 638 ). 
     The operations in the information processing methods described above may be implemented by running one or more functional modules in information processing apparatus such as general purpose processors or application specific chips. These modules, combinations of these modules, and/or their combination with general hardware (e.g., as described above with respect to  FIGS. 1A ,  1 B and  3 ) are all included within the scope of protection of the invention. 
     For example, the operations depicted in  FIGS. 6A and 6B  may be implemented by components depicted in  FIGS. 1A-1C . For example, user input detection operations  612 ,  624 , and the resulting display update and content selection operations may be implemented by event sorter  170 , event recognizer  180 , and event handler  190 . Event monitor  171  in event sorter  170  detects user inputs on a touch-sensitive display  112 , and event dispatcher module  174  delivers the event information to application  136 - 1 . In this case, application  136 - 1  includes methods and graphical user-interfaces for selecting and displaying graphical objects representing digital content products. A respective event recognizer  180  of application  136 - 1  compares the event information to respective event definitions  186 , and determines whether the event information corresponds to predefined events and/or sub-events of gestures recognized by the application. When the predefined event or sub-event is detected, event recognizer  180  activates a corresponding event handler  180 . Event handler  180  may utilize or call data updater  176  or object updater  177  to update data or a text display region and the application internal state  192 . Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in the art how other processes can be implemented based on the components depicted in  FIGS. 1A-1C . 
     The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20100526
Publication Date: 20130903
Grant Date: 20130903
Priority Date: 20100106
Inventors: CHAUDHRI IMRAN
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G06F2203/04806", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0481", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04806", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04845", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04886", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0481", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04845", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04886", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 44224471