PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-11743221-B2
Application Number: US-202016734173-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Electronic message user interface

Abstract:
A technique for electronic message user interfaces. In particular, the technique displays, on a display, an electronic message user interface and receives user input from a touch-sensitive surface, a rotatable input mechanism, and/or peripherals such as a microphone to access, compose, and manipulate electronic messages.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A method, comprising:
 at an electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface:
 displaying, on the display, a list of electronic message objects within a user interface of an electronic message application, wherein the list of electronic message objects within the user interface of the electronic message application includes a plurality of message objects; 
 
 while displaying the list of electronic message objects within the user interface of the electronic message application, detecting a swipe input; 
 in response to detecting the swipe input:
 in accordance with a determination that the swipe input is in a vertical direction on the touch-sensitive surface corresponding to an electronic message object of the list of electronic message objects:
 scrolling, on the display, the list of electronic message objects within the electronic message application; and 
 displaying, on the display, a first affordance associated with composing an electronic message; and 
 
 in accordance with a determination that the swipe input is in a horizontal direction on the touch-sensitive surface corresponding to the electronic message object of the list of electronic message objects:
 displaying, at a location on the display corresponding to a portion of the electronic message object of the list of electronic message objects, a second affordance directed to a function associated with the electronic message object, wherein the second affordance is different from the first affordance. 
 
 
 
     
     
       2. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 receiving input activating the first affordance associated with composing the electronic message; and 
 in response to receiving input activating the first affordance associated with composing the electronic message:
 ceasing to display, on the display, the list of electronic message objects; and 
 displaying, on the display, an interface for composing the electronic message. 
 
 
     
     
       3. The method of  claim 1 , wherein scrolling the list of electronic message objects corresponds to vertically scrolling the list of electronic message objects. 
     
     
       4. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the first affordance associated with composing the electronic message is displayed adjacent to the list of electronic message objects. 
     
     
       5. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 linking the electronic device with a companion device; and 
 in response to activating the first affordance associated with composing the electronic message, transmitting a wireless instruction to the companion device that includes an indication for displaying, on the companion device, an interface for composing the electronic message. 
 
     
     
       6. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 further in accordance with the determination that the input is a swipe input on the touch-sensitive surface in the second direction: 
 forgoing to scroll, on the display, the list of electronic message objects within the electronic message application. 
 
     
     
       7. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of an electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface, the one or more programs including instructions for:
 displaying, on the display, a list of electronic message objects within a user interface of an electronic message application, wherein the list of electronic message objects within the user interface of the electronic message application includes a plurality of message objects; 
 while displaying the list of electronic message objects within the user interface of the electronic message application, detecting a swipe input; 
 in response to detecting the swipe input:
 in accordance with a determination that the swipe input is in a vertical direction on the touch-sensitive surface corresponding to an electronic message object of the list of electronic message objects:
 scrolling, on the display, the list of electronic message objects within the electronic message application; and 
 displaying, on the display, a first affordance associated with composing an electronic message; and 
 
 in accordance with a determination that the swipe input is in a horizontal direction on the touch-sensitive surface corresponding to the electronic message object of the list of electronic message objects:
 displaying, at a location on the display corresponding to a portion of the electronic message object of the list of electronic message objects, a second affordance directed to functions a associated with the electronic message object, wherein the second affordance is different from the first affordance. 
 
 
 
     
     
       8. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 7 , the one or more programs further including instructions for:
 receiving input activating the first affordance associated with composing the electronic message; and 
 in response to receiving input activating the first affordance associated with composing the electronic message:
 ceasing to display, on the display, the list of electronic message objects; and 
 displaying, on the display, an interface for composing the electronic message. 
 
 
     
     
       9. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 7 , wherein scrolling the list of electronic message objects corresponds to vertically scrolling the list of electronic message objects. 
     
     
       10. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 7 , wherein the first affordance associated with composing the electronic message is displayed adjacent to the list of electronic message objects. 
     
     
       11. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 7 , the one or more programs further including instructions for:
 linking the electronic device with a companion device; and 
 in response to activating the first affordance associated with composing the electronic message, transmitting a wireless instruction to the companion device that includes an indication for displaying, on the companion device, an interface for composing the electronic message. 
 
     
     
       12. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 7 , the one or more programs further including instructions for:
 further in accordance with the determination that the input is a swipe input on the touch-sensitive surface in the second direction: 
 forgoing to scroll, on the display, the list of electronic message objects within the electronic message application. 
 
     
     
       13. An electronic device, comprising:
 a display; 
 a touch-sensitive surface; 
 one or more processors; and 
 memory storing one or more programs configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for:
 displaying, on the display, a list of electronic message objects within a user interface of an electronic message application, wherein the list of electronic message objects within the user interface of the electronic message application includes a plurality of message objects; 
 while displaying the list of electronic message objects within the user interface of the electronic message application, detecting a swipe input; 
 in response to detecting the swipe input:
 in accordance with a determination that the swipe input is in a vertical direction on the touch-sensitive surface corresponding to an electronic message object of the list of electronic message objects:
 scrolling, on the display, the list of electronic message objects within the electronic message application; and 
 displaying, on the display, a first affordance associated with composing an electronic message; and 
 
 in accordance with a determination that the swipe input is in a horizontal direction on the touch-sensitive surface corresponding to the electronic message object of the list of electronic message objects:
 displaying, at a location on the display corresponding to a portion of the electronic message object of the list of electronic message objects, a second affordance directed to a function associated with the electronic message object, wherein the second affordance is different from the first affordance. 
 
 
 
 
     
     
       14. The electronic device of  claim 13 , the one or more programs further including instructions for:
 receiving input activating the first affordance associated with composing the electronic message; and 
 in response to receiving input activating the first affordance associated with composing the electronic message:
 ceasing to display, on the display, the list of electronic message objects; and 
 displaying, on the display, an interface for composing the electronic message. 
 
 
     
     
       15. The electronic device of  claim 13 , wherein scrolling the list of electronic message objects corresponds to vertically scrolling the list of electronic message objects. 
     
     
       16. The electronic device of  claim 13 , wherein the first affordance associated with composing the electronic message is displayed adjacent to the list of electronic message objects. 
     
     
       17. The electronic device of  claim 13 , the one or more programs further including instructions for:
 linking the electronic device with a companion device; and 
 in response to activating the first affordance associated with composing the electronic message, transmitting a wireless instruction to the companion device that includes an indication for displaying, on the companion device, an interface for composing the electronic message. 
 
     
     
       18. The electronic device of  claim 13 , the one or more programs further including instructions for:
 further in accordance with the determination that the input is a swipe input on the touch-sensitive surface in the second direction: 
 forgoing to scroll, on the display, the list of electronic message objects within the electronic message application.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/109,120, entitled “ELECTRONIC MESSAGE USER INTERFACE,” filed Aug. 22, 2018, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/829,573, entitled “ELECTRONIC MAIL USER INTERFACE,” filed Aug. 18, 2015, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/044,966, entitled “ELECTRONIC MAIL USER INTERFACE,” filed Sep. 2, 2014; and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/129,764, entitled “ELECTRONIC MAIL USER INTERFACE,” filed Mar. 7, 2015; each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
     This application relates to the following applications: International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2013/040087, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Moving a User Interface Object Based on an Intensity of a Press Input,” filed May 8,  2013 ; International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2013/040072, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Providing Feedback for Changing Activation States of a User Interface Object,” filed May 8, 2013; International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2013/040070, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Providing Tactile Feedback for Operations Performed in a User Interface,” filed May 8, 2013; International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2013/040067, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Facilitating User Interaction with Controls in a User Interface,” filed May 8, 2013; International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2013/040061, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Displaying User Interface Objects Corresponding to an Application,” filed May 8, 2013 and published on Nov. 14, 2013 as Publication No. WO/2013/169849; International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2013/040058, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Displaying Additional Information in Response to a User Contact,” filed May 8, 2013; International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2013/040056, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Scrolling Nested Regions,” filed May 8, 2013; International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2013/040054, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Manipulating Framed Graphical Objects,” filed May 8, 2013; International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2013/069489, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Switching Between User Interfaces,” filed Nov. 11, 2013; International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2013/069486, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Determining Whether to Scroll or Select Content,” filed Nov. 11, 2013; International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2013/069484, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Moving a Cursor According to a Change in an Appearance of a Control Icon with Simulated Three-Dimensional Characteristics,” filed Nov. 11, 2013; International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2013/069483, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Transitioning Between Touch Input to Display Output Relationships,” filed Nov. 11, 2013 and published on Jul. 3, 2014 as Publication No. WO/2014/105276; International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2013/069479, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Forgoing Generation of Tactile Output for a Multi-Contact Gesture,” filed Nov. 11, 2013; International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2013/069472, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Navigating User Interface Hierarchies,” filed Nov. 11, 2013; International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2013/040108, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Moving and Dropping a User Interface Object,” filed May 8, 2013; International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2013/040101, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Selecting User Interface Objects,” filed May 8, 2013; International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2013/040098, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Displaying Content Associated with a Corresponding Affordance,” filed May 8, 2013; International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2013/040093, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Transitioning Between Display States in Response to a Gesture,” filed May 8, 2013; International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2013/040053, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Selecting Object within a Group of Objects,” filed May 8, 2013; U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,211, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Facilitating User Interaction with Controls in a User Interface,” filed Mar. 12, 2013; U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,191, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Displaying User Interface Objects Corresponding to an Application,” filed Mar. 12, 2013; U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,171, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Displaying Additional Information in Response to a User Contact,” filed Mar. 12, 2013; U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,179, entitled “Device, Method and Graphical User Interface for Scrolling Nested Regions,” filed Mar. 12, 2013; U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,156, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Manipulating Framed Graphical Objects,” filed Mar. 12, 2013; U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,125, entitled “Device, Method, And Graphical User Interface for Navigating User Interface Hierarchies,” filed Mar. 12, 2013; U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,092, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Selecting Object Within a Group of Objects,” filed Mar. 12, 2013; U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,418, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Switching Between User Interfaces,” filed Mar. 13, 2013; U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,416, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Determining Whether to Scroll or Select Content,” filed Mar. 13, 2013; U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 61/747,278, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Manipulating User Interface Objects with Visual and/or Haptic Feedback,” filed Dec. 29, 2012; U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,414, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Moving and Dropping a User Interface Object,” filed Mar. 13, 2013; U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,413, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Selecting User Interface Objects,” filed Mar. 13, 2013; U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,412, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Displaying Content Associated with a Corresponding Affordance,” filed Mar. 13, 2013; U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,373, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Managing Activation of a Control Based on Contact Intensity,” filed Mar. 12, 2013; U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,265, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Transitioning Between Display States in Response to a Gesture,” filed Mar. 12, 2013; U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,367, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Moving a User Interface Object Based on an Intensity of a Press Input,” filed Mar. 12, 2013; U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,363, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Transitioning Between Touch Input to Display Output Relationships,” filed Mar. 12, 2013; U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,287, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Providing Feedback for Changing Activation States of a User Interface Object,” filed Mar. 12, 2013; U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,284, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Providing Tactile Feedback for Operations Performed in a User Interface,” filed Mar. 12, 2013; U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,239, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Forgoing Generation of Tactile Output for a Multi-Contact Gesture,” filed Mar. 12, 2013; U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 61/688,227, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Manipulating User Interface Objects with Visual and/or Haptic Feedback,” filed May 9, 2012; U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/645,033, filed on May 9, 2012, entitled “Adaptive Haptic Feedback for Electronic Devices;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/665,603, filed on Jun. 28, 2012, entitled “Adaptive Haptic Feedback for Electronic Devices;” and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/681,098, filed on Aug. 8, 2012, entitled “Adaptive Haptic Feedback for Electronic Devices.” The content of these applications is hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates generally to computer user interfaces, and more specifically to techniques for accessing, composing, and manipulating electronic mail. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The use of electronic devices for accessing, composing, and manipulating electronic mail (i.e., email) has significantly increased in recent years. Devices receive email and display the email for a user to view. The user can use the device to compose email to be transmitted to one or more recipients. For some user interfaces, the user responds to a received email using a reply feature. The user can also forward a received email to a recipient. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY 
     Some techniques for accessing, composing, and manipulating electronic mail using electronic devices, however, are generally cumbersome and inefficient. For example, accessing and responding to an electronic mail message requires navigating a complex and time-consuming user interface. For another example, some user interface techniques for forwarding electronic mail messages can be inefficient and cumbersome. In addition, existing techniques take longer than necessary, thereby wasting energy. This latter consideration is particularly important in battery-operated devices. 
     Accordingly, there is a need for electronic devices with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for accessing, composing, and manipulating electronic mail. Such methods and interfaces optionally complement or replace conventional methods for accessing, composing, and manipulating electronic mail. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated computing devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges. 
     The above deficiencies and other problems associated with user interfaces for computing devices for accessing, composing, and manipulating electronic mail are reduced or eliminated by the disclosed devices. In some embodiments, the device is a desktop computer. In some embodiments, the device is portable (e.g., a notebook computer, tablet computer, or handheld device). In some embodiments, the device has a touchpad. In some embodiments, the device is user-wearable. In some embodiments, the device has a touch-sensitive display (also known as a “touch screen” or “touch screen display”). In some embodiments, the device has a display and a touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the device has a short-range communication radio. In some embodiments, the device has a graphical user interface (GUI), one or more processors, memory and one or more modules, programs or sets of instructions stored in the memory for performing multiple functions. In some embodiments, the user interacts with the GUI primarily through finger contacts and gestures on the touch-sensitive surface. Executable instructions for performing these functions may be included in a computer readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and a rotatable input mechanism. The method includes displaying, on the display, an affordance representing an electronic mail application, wherein the affordance representing the electronic mail application includes an indication of a number of unread electronic mail messages of the electronic mail application. The method includes receiving user input representing movement of the rotatable input mechanism. The method includes, in response to receiving the user input representing the movement of the rotatable input mechanism, displaying a landing screen of the electronic mail application, wherein the landing screen includes display of an inbox affordance and a compose affordance. The method includes receiving user input associated with the landing screen. The method includes determining whether the user input associated with the landing screen represents a touch associated with the displayed inbox affordance or a touch associated with the displayed compose affordance. The method includes, in response to receiving the user input associated with the landing screen and in accordance with a determination that the user input associated with the landing screen represents a touch associated with the displayed inbox affordance, displaying, on the display, a list of electronic mail thread objects. The method also includes, in response to receiving the user input associated with the landing screen and in accordance with a determination that the user input associated with the landing screen represents a touch associated the displayed compose affordance, displaying, on the display, an interface for composing a new electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and a rotatable input mechanism. The method includes displaying, on the display, an affordance representing an electronic mail application, wherein the affordance representing the electronic mail application includes an indication of a number of unread electronic mail messages of the electronic mail application. The method includes receiving user input representing movement of the rotatable input mechanism. The method includes, in response to receiving the user input representing the movement of the rotatable input mechanism, displaying a list of electronic mail thread objects. The method includes receiving user input representing a swipe down gesture associated with the list of electronic mail thread objects. The method also includes, in response to receiving the user input representing the swipe down gesture associated with the list of electronic mail thread objects, displaying an affordance for composing a new electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a system is described. The system includes: a display; a touch-sensitive surface; a rotatable input mechanism; means for displaying, on the display, an affordance representing an electronic mail application, wherein the affordance representing the electronic mail application includes an indication of a number of unread electronic mail messages of the electronic mail application; means for receiving user input representing movement of the rotatable input mechanism; means responsive to receiving the user input representing the movement of the rotatable input mechanism, for displaying a landing screen of the electronic mail application, wherein the landing screen includes display of an inbox affordance and a compose affordance; means for receiving user input associated with the landing screen; means for determining whether the user input associated with the landing screen represents a touch associated with the displayed inbox affordance or a touch associated with the displayed compose affordance; means responsive to receiving the user input associated with the landing screen and in accordance with a determination that the user input associated with the landing screen represents a touch associated with the displayed inbox affordance, for displaying, on the display, a list of electronic mail thread objects; and means response to receiving the user input associated with the landing screen and in accordance with a determination that the user input associated with the landing screen represents a touch associated the displayed compose affordance, for displaying, on the display, an interface for composing a new electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a system is described. The system includes: a display; a touch-sensitive surface; a rotatable input mechanism; means for displaying, on the display, an affordance representing an electronic mail application, wherein the affordance representing the electronic mail application includes an indication of a number of unread electronic mail messages of the electronic mail application; means for receiving user input representing movement of the rotatable input mechanism; means responsive to receiving the user input representing the movement of the rotatable input mechanism, for displaying a list of electronic mail thread objects; means for receiving user input representing a swipe down gesture associated with the list of electronic mail thread objects; and means responsive to receiving the user input representing the swipe down gesture associated with the list of electronic mail thread objects, for displaying an affordance for composing a new electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs is described. The one or more programs comprise instructions, which when executed by one or more processors of an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and a rotatable input mechanism, cause the device to: display, on the display, an affordance representing an electronic mail application, wherein the affordance representing the electronic mail application includes an indication of a number of unread electronic mail messages of the electronic mail application; receive user input representing movement of the rotatable input mechanism; in response to receiving the user input representing the movement of the rotatable input mechanism, display a landing screen of the electronic mail application, wherein the landing screen includes display of an inbox affordance and a compose affordance; receive user input associated with the landing screen; determine whether the user input associated with the landing screen represents a touch associated with the displayed inbox affordance or a touch associated with the displayed compose affordance; in response to receiving the user input associated with the landing screen and in accordance with a determination that the user input associated with the landing screen represents a touch associated with the displayed inbox affordance, display, on the display, a list of electronic mail thread objects; and in response to receiving the user input associated with the landing screen and in accordance with a determination that the user input associated with the landing screen represents a touch associated the displayed compose affordance, display, on the display, an interface for composing a new electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a transitory computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs is described. The one or more programs comprise instructions, which when executed by one or more processors of an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and a rotatable input mechanism, cause the device to: display, on the display, an affordance representing an electronic mail application, wherein the affordance representing the electronic mail application includes an indication of a number of unread electronic mail messages of the electronic mail application; receive user input representing movement of the rotatable input mechanism; in response to receiving the user input representing the movement of the rotatable input mechanism, display a landing screen of the electronic mail application, wherein the landing screen includes display of an inbox affordance and a compose affordance; receive user input associated with the landing screen; determine whether the user input associated with the landing screen represents a touch associated with the displayed inbox affordance or a touch associated with the displayed compose affordance; in response to receiving the user input associated with the landing screen and in accordance with a determination that the user input associated with the landing screen represents a touch associated with the displayed inbox affordance, display, on the display, a list of electronic mail thread objects; and in response to receiving the user input associated with the landing screen and in accordance with a determination that the user input associated with the landing screen represents a touch associated the displayed compose affordance, display, on the display, an interface for composing a new electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs is described. The one or more programs comprise instructions, which when executed by one or more processors of an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and a rotatable input mechanism, cause the device to: display, on the display, an affordance representing an electronic mail application, wherein the affordance representing the electronic mail application includes an indication of a number of unread electronic mail messages of the electronic mail application; receive user input representing movement of the rotatable input mechanism; in response to receiving the user input representing the movement of the rotatable input mechanism, display a list of electronic mail thread objects; receive user input representing a swipe down gesture associated with the list of electronic mail thread objects; and in response to receiving the user input representing the swipe down gesture associated with the list of electronic mail thread objects, display an affordance for composing a new electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a transitory computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs is described. The one or more programs comprise instructions, which when executed by one or more processors of an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and a rotatable input mechanism, cause the device to: display, on the display, an affordance representing an electronic mail application, wherein the affordance representing the electronic mail application includes an indication of a number of unread electronic mail messages of the electronic mail application; receive user input representing movement of the rotatable input mechanism; in response to receiving the user input representing the movement of the rotatable input mechanism, display a list of electronic mail thread objects; receive user input representing a swipe down gesture associated with the list of electronic mail thread objects; and in response to receiving the user input representing the swipe down gesture associated with the list of electronic mail thread objects, display an affordance for composing a new electronic mail message. 
     Executable instructions for performing these functions are, optionally, included in a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors. Executable instructions for performing these functions are, optionally, included in a transitory computer-readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors. 
     Thus, devices are provided with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for accessing, composing, and manipulating electronic mail, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for accessing, composing, and manipulating electronic mail. 
    
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
       For a better understanding of the various described embodiments, reference should be made to the Description of Embodiments below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures. 
         FIG.  1 A  is a block diagram illustrating a portable multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  1 B  is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  2    illustrates a portable multifunction device having a touch screen in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  3    is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  4 A  illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu of applications on a portable multifunction device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  4 B  illustrates an exemplary user interface for a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  5 A  illustrates a personal electronic device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  5 B  is a block diagram illustrating a personal electronic device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS.  5 C- 5 D  illustrate exemplary components of a personal electronic device having a touch-sensitive display and intensity sensors in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS.  5 E- 5 H  illustrate exemplary components and user interfaces of a personal electronic device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS.  6 A- 6 I  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for accessing, composing, and manipulating electronic mail. 
         FIG.  7    is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for accessing, composing, and manipulating electronic mail. 
         FIG.  8    is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for accessing, composing, and manipulating electronic mail. 
         FIGS.  9 A- 9 I  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for accessing, composing, and manipulating electronic mail. 
         FIG.  10    is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for accessing, composing, and manipulating electronic mail. 
         FIG.  11    illustrates a functional block diagram in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  12    illustrates a functional block diagram in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  13    illustrates a functional block diagram in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     The following description sets forth exemplary methods, parameters and the like. It should be recognized, however, that such description is not intended as a limitation on the scope of the present disclosure but is instead provided as a description of exemplary embodiments. 
     There is a need for electronic devices that provide efficient email access to a user. For example, ease of use for viewing emails, replying to emails, forwarding emails, deleting emails, and composing emails contribute to the efficiency of email access. Such techniques can reduce the cognitive burden on a user who uses email, thereby enhancing productivity. Further, such techniques can reduce processor and battery power otherwise wasted on redundant user inputs. 
     Below,  FIGS.  1 A- 1 B,  2 ,  3 ,  4 A- 4 B, and  5 A- 5 B  provide a description of exemplary devices for performing the techniques for accessing, composing, and manipulating electronic mail messages.  FIGS.  6 A- 6 I and  9 A- 9 I  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for accessing, composing, and manipulating electronic mail messages. The user interfaces in the figures are also used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in  FIGS.  7 ,  8 , and  10   . 
     Although the following description uses terms first, second, etc. to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by the terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first touch could be termed a second touch, and, similarly, a second touch could be termed a first touch, without departing from the scope of the various described embodiments. The first touch and the second touch are both touches, but they are not the same touch. 
     The terminology used in the description of the various described embodiments herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various described embodiments and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     The term “if” may be construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” may be construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event],” depending on the context. 
     Embodiments of electronic devices, user interfaces for such devices, and associated processes for using such devices are described. In some embodiments, the device is a portable communications device, such as a mobile telephone, that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/or music player functions. Exemplary embodiments of portable multifunction devices include, without limitation, the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. Other portable electronic devices, such as laptops or tablet computers with touch-sensitive surfaces (e.g., touch screen displays and/or touch pads), are, optionally, used. It should also be understood that, in some embodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but is a desktop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch screen display and/or a touch pad). 
     In the discussion that follows, an electronic device that includes a display and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should be understood, however, that the electronic device optionally includes one or more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physical keyboard, a mouse and/or a joystick. 
     The device may support a variety of applications, such as one or more of the following: a drawing application, a presentation application, a word processing application, a website creation application, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheet application, a gaming application, a telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, a workout support application, a photo management application, a digital camera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing application, a digital music player application, and/or a digital video player application. 
     The various applications that are executed on the device optionally use at least one common physical user-interface device, such as the touch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitive surface as well as corresponding information displayed on the device are, optionally, adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physical architecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the device optionally supports the variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and transparent to the user. 
     Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable devices with touch-sensitive displays.  FIG.  1 A  is a block diagram illustrating portable multifunction device  100  with touch-sensitive displays  112  in accordance with some embodiments. Touch-sensitive display  112  is sometimes called a “touch screen” for convenience, and is sometimes known as or called a touch-sensitive display system. Device  100  includes memory  102  (which optionally includes one or more computer readable storage mediums), memory controller  122 , one or more processing units (CPU&#39;s)  120 , peripherals interface  118 , RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , input/output (I/O) subsystem  106 , other input or control devices  116 , and external port  124 . Device  100  optionally includes one or more optical sensors  164 . Device  100  optionally includes one or more contact intensity sensors  165  for detecting intensity of contacts on device  100  (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive display system  112  of device  100 ). Device  100  optionally includes one or more tactile output generators  167  for generating tactile outputs on device  100  (e.g., generating tactile outputs on a touch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive display system  112  of device  100  or touchpad  355  of device  300 ). These components optionally communicate over one or more communication buses or signal lines  103 . 
     As used in the specification and claims, the term “intensity” of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface refers to the force or pressure (force per unit area) of a contact (e.g., a finger contact) on the touch sensitive surface, or to a substitute (proxy) for the force or pressure of a contact on the touch sensitive surface. The intensity of a contact has a range of values that includes at least four distinct values and more typically includes hundreds of distinct values (e.g., at least 256). Intensity of a contact is, optionally, determined (or measured) using various approaches and various sensors or combinations of sensors. For example, one or more force sensors underneath or adjacent to the touch-sensitive surface are, optionally, used to measure force at various points on the touch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, force measurements from multiple force sensors are combined (e.g., a weighted average) to determine an estimated force of a contact. Similarly, a pressure-sensitive tip of a stylus is, optionally, used to determine a pressure of the stylus on the touch-sensitive surface. Alternatively, the size of the contact area detected on the touch-sensitive surface and/or changes thereto, the capacitance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto, and/or the resistance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto are, optionally, used as a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are used directly to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is described in units corresponding to the substitute measurements). In some implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are converted to an estimated force or pressure and the estimated force or pressure is used to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is a pressure threshold measured in units of pressure). Using the intensity of a contact as an attribute of a user input allows for user access to additional device functionality that may otherwise not be accessible by the user on a reduced-size device with limited real estate for displaying affordances (e.g., on a touch-sensitive display) and/or receiving user input (e.g., via a touch-sensitive display, a touch-sensitive surface, or a physical/mechanical control such as a knob or a button). 
     As used in the specification and claims, the term “tactile output” refers to physical displacement of a device relative to a previous position of the device, physical displacement of a component (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface) of a device relative to another component (e.g., housing) of the device, or displacement of the component relative to a center of mass of the device that will be detected by a user with the user&#39;s sense of touch. For example, in situations where the device or the component of the device is in contact with a surface of a user that is sensitive to touch (e.g., a finger, palm, or other part of a user&#39;s hand), the tactile output generated by the physical displacement will be interpreted by the user as a tactile sensation corresponding to a perceived change in physical characteristics of the device or the component of the device. For example, movement of a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch-sensitive display or trackpad) is, optionally, interpreted by the user as a “down click” or “up click” of a physical actuator button. In some cases, a user will feel a tactile sensation such as an “down click” or “up click” even when there is no movement of a physical actuator button associated with the touch-sensitive surface that is physically pressed (e.g., displaced) by the user&#39;s movements. As another example, movement of the touch-sensitive surface is, optionally, interpreted or sensed by the user as “roughness” of the touch-sensitive surface, even when there is no change in smoothness of the touch-sensitive surface. While such interpretations of touch by a user will be subject to the individualized sensory perceptions of the user, there are many sensory perceptions of touch that are common to a large majority of users. Thus, when a tactile output is described as corresponding to a particular sensory perception of a user (e.g., an “up click,” a “down click,” “roughness”), unless otherwise stated, the generated tactile output corresponds to physical displacement of the device or a component thereof that will generate the described sensory perception for a typical (or average) user. 
     It should be appreciated that device  100  is only one example of a portable multifunction device, and that device  100  optionally has more or fewer components than shown, optionally combines two or more components, or optionally has a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown in  FIG.  1 A  are implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both hardware and software, including one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits. 
     Memory  102  may include one or more computer readable storage mediums. The computer readable storage mediums may be tangible and non-transitory. Memory  102  may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Memory controller  122  may control access to memory  102  by other components of device  100 . 
     Peripherals interface  118  can be used to couple input and output peripherals of the device to CPU  120  and memory  102 . The one or more processors  120  run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in memory  102  to perform various functions for device  100  and to process data. In some embodiments, peripherals interface  118 , CPU  120 , and memory controller  122  may be implemented on a single chip, such as chip  104 . In some other embodiments, they may be implemented on separate chips. 
     RF (radio frequency) circuitry  108  receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  108  converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  108  optionally includes well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RF circuitry  108  optionally communicates with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), Evolution, Data-Only (EV-DO), HSPA, HSPA+, Dual-Cell HSPA (DC-HSPDA), long term evolution (LTE), near field communication (NFC), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy (BTLE), Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document. 
     Audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , and microphone  113  provide an audio interface between a user and device  100 . Audio circuitry  110  receives audio data from peripherals interface  118 , converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to speaker  111 . Speaker  111  converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves. Audio circuitry  110  also receives electrical signals converted by microphone  113  from sound waves. Audio circuitry  110  converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to peripherals interface  118  for processing. Audio data may be retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory  102  and/or RF circuitry  108  by peripherals interface  118 . In some embodiments, audio circuitry  110  also includes a headset jack (e.g.,  212 ,  FIG.  2   ). The headset jack provides an interface between audio circuitry  110  and removable audio input/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headset with both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input (e.g., a microphone). 
     I/O subsystem  106  couples input/output peripherals on device  100 , such as touch screen  112  and other input control devices  116 , to peripherals interface  118 . I/O subsystem  106  optionally includes display controller  156 , optical sensor controller  158 , intensity sensor controller  159 , haptic feedback controller  161  and one or more input controllers  160  for other input or control devices. The one or more input controllers  160  receive/send electrical signals from/to other input or control devices  116 . The other input control devices  116  optionally include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s)  160  are, optionally, coupled to any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, infrared port, USB port, and a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g.,  208 ,  FIG.  2   ) optionally include an up/down button for volume control of speaker  111  and/or microphone  113 . The one or more buttons optionally include a push button (e.g.,  206 ,  FIG.  2   ). 
     A quick press of the push button may disengage a lock of touch screen  112  or begin a process that uses gestures on the touch screen to unlock the device, as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/322,549, “Unlocking a Device by Performing Gestures on an Unlock Image,” filed Dec. 23, 2005, U.S. Pat. No. 7,657,849, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. A longer press of the push button (e.g.,  206 ) may turn power to device  100  on or off. The user may be able to customize a functionality of one or more of the buttons. Touch screen  112  is used to implement virtual or soft buttons and one or more soft keyboards. 
     Touch-sensitive display  112  provides an input interface and an output interface between the device and a user. Display controller  156  receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to touch screen  112 . Touch screen  112  displays visual output to the user. The visual output may include graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all of the visual output may correspond to user-interface objects. 
     Touch screen  112  has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor or set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact. Touch screen  112  and display controller  156  (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory  102 ) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on touch screen  112  and converts the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web-pages or images) that are displayed on touch screen  112 . In an exemplary embodiment, a point of contact between touch screen  112  and the user corresponds to a finger of the user. 
     Touch screen  112  may use LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED (light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologies may be used in other embodiments. Touch screen  112  and display controller  156  may detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of a plurality of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with touch screen  112 . In an exemplary embodiment, projected mutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in the iPhone® and iPod Touch® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. 
     A touch-sensitive display in some embodiments of touch screen  112  may be analogous to the multi-touch sensitive touchpads described in the following U.S. Pat. No. 6,323,846 (Westerman et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 6,570,557 (Westerman et al.), and/or U.S. Pat. No. 6,677,932 (Westerman), and/or U.S. Patent Publication 2002/0015024A1, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. However, touch screen  112  displays visual output from device  100 , whereas touch sensitive touchpads do not provide visual output. 
     A touch-sensitive display in some embodiments of touch screen  112  may be as described in the following applications: (1) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/381,313, “Multipoint Touch Surface Controller,” filed May 2, 2006; (2) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/840,862, “Multipoint Touchscreen,” filed May 6, 2004; (3) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/903,964, “Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jul. 30, 2004; (4) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/048,264, “Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jan. 31, 2005; (5) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/038,590, “Mode-Based Graphical User Interfaces For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jan. 18, 2005; (6) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,758, “Virtual Input Device Placement On A Touch Screen User Interface,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; (7) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,700, “Operation Of A Computer With A Touch Screen Interface,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; (8) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,737, “Activating Virtual Keys Of A Touch-Screen Virtual Keyboard,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; and (9) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/367,749, “Multi-Functional Hand-Held Device,” filed Mar. 3, 2006. All of these applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. 
     Touch screen  112  may have a video resolution in excess of 100 dpi. In some embodiments, the touch screen has a video resolution of approximately 160 dpi. The user may make contact with touch screen  112  using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to work primarily with finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired by the user. 
     In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, device  100  may include a touchpad (not shown) for activating or deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output. The touchpad may be a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from touch screen  112  or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen. 
     Device  100  also includes power system  162  for powering the various components. Power system  162  may include a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices. 
     Device  100  may also include one or more optical sensors  164 .  FIGS.  1 A and  1 B  show an optical sensor coupled to optical sensor controller  158  in I/O subsystem  106 . Optical sensor  164  may include charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistors. Optical sensor  164  receives light from the environment, projected through one or more lens, and converts the light to data representing an image. In conjunction with imaging module  143  (also called a camera module), optical sensor  164  may capture still images or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch screen display  112  on the front of the device, so that the touch screen display may be used as a viewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the front of the device so that the user&#39;s image may be obtained for videoconferencing while the user views the other video conference participants on the touch screen display. In some embodiments, the position of optical sensor  164  can be changed by the user (e.g., by rotating the lens and the sensor in the device housing) so that a single optical sensor  164  may be used along with the touch screen display for both video conferencing and still and/or video image acquisition. 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more contact intensity sensors  165 .  FIG.  1 A  shows a contact intensity sensor coupled to intensity sensor controller  159  in I/O subsystem  106 . Contact intensity sensor  165  optionally includes one or more piezoresistive strain gauges, capacitive force sensors, electric force sensors, piezoelectric force sensors, optical force sensors, capacitive touch-sensitive surfaces, or other intensity sensors (e.g., sensors used to measure the force (or pressure) of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface). Contact intensity sensor  165  receives contact intensity information (e.g., pressure information or a proxy for pressure information) from the environment. In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112 ). In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch screen display  112  which is located on the front of device  100 . 
     Device  100  may also include one or more proximity sensors  166 .  FIGS.  1 A and  1 B  show proximity sensor  166  coupled to peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, proximity sensor  166  may be coupled to input controller  160  in I/O subsystem  106 . Proximity sensor  166  may perform as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/241,839, “Proximity Detector In Handheld Device”; Ser. No. 11/240,788, “Proximity Detector In Handheld Device”; Ser. No. 11/620,702, “Using Ambient Light Sensor To Augment Proximity Sensor Output”; Ser. No. 11/586,862, “Automated Response To And Sensing Of User Activity In Portable Devices”; and Ser. No. 11/638,251, “Methods And Systems For Automatic Configuration Of Peripherals,” which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. In some embodiments, the proximity sensor turns off and disables touch screen  112  when the multifunction device is placed near the user&#39;s ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call). 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more tactile output generators  167 .  FIG.  1 A  shows a tactile output generator coupled to haptic feedback controller  161  in I/O subsystem  106 . Tactile output generator  167  optionally includes one or more electroacoustic devices such as speakers or other audio components and/or electromechanical devices that convert energy into linear motion such as a motor, solenoid, electroactive polymer, piezoelectric actuator, electrostatic actuator, or other tactile output generating component (e.g., a component that converts electrical signals into tactile outputs on the device). Contact intensity sensor  165  receives tactile feedback generation instructions from haptic feedback module  133  and generates tactile outputs on device  100  that are capable of being sensed by a user of device  100 . In some embodiments, at least one tactile output generator is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112 ) and, optionally, generates a tactile output by moving the touch-sensitive surface vertically (e.g., in/out of a surface of device  100 ) or laterally (e.g., back and forth in the same plane as a surface of device  100 ). In some embodiments, at least one tactile output generator sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch screen display  112  which is located on the front of device  100 . 
     Device  100  may also include one or more accelerometers  168 .  FIGS.  1 A and  1 B  show accelerometer  168  coupled to peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, accelerometer  168  may be coupled to an input controller  160  in I/O subsystem  106 . Accelerometer  168  may perform as described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 20050190059, “Acceleration-based Theft Detection System for Portable Electronic Devices,” and U.S. Patent Publication No. 20060017692, “Methods And Apparatuses For Operating A Portable Device Based On An Accelerometer,” both of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. In some embodiments, information is displayed on the touch screen display in a portrait view or a landscape view based on an analysis of data received from the one or more accelerometers. Device  100  optionally includes, in addition to accelerometer(s)  168 , a magnetometer (not shown) and a GPS (or GLONASS or other global navigation system) receiver (not shown) for obtaining information concerning the location and orientation (e.g., portrait or landscape) of device  100 . 
     In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory  102  include operating system  126 , communication module (or set of instructions)  128 , contact/motion module (or set of instructions)  130 , graphics module (or set of instructions)  132 , text input module (or set of instructions)  134 , Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set of instructions)  135 , and applications (or sets of instructions)  136 . Furthermore, in some embodiments memory  102  stores device/global internal state  157 , as shown in  FIGS.  1 A,  1 B and  3   . Device/global internal state  157  includes one or more of: active application state, indicating which applications, if any, are currently active; display state, indicating what applications, views or other information occupy various regions of touch screen display  112 ; sensor state, including information obtained from the device&#39;s various sensors and input control devices  116 ; and location information concerning the device&#39;s location and/or attitude. 
     Operating system  126  (e.g., Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, iOS, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components. 
     Communication module  128  facilitates communication with other devices over one or more external ports  124  and also includes various software components for handling data received by RF circuitry  108  and/or external port  124 . External port  124  (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the 30-pin connector used on iPod® (trademark of Apple Inc.) devices. 
     Contact/motion module  130  optionally detects contact with touch screen  112  (in conjunction with display controller  156 ) and other touch sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). Contact/motion module  130  includes various software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact, such as determining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-down event), determining an intensity of the contact (e.g., the force or pressure of the contact or a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact) determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact). Contact/motion module  130  receives contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which is represented by a series of contact data, optionally includes determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. These operations are, optionally, applied to single contacts (e.g., one finger contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g., “multitouch”/multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments, contact/motion module  130  and display controller  156  detect contact on a touchpad. 
     In some embodiments, contact/motion module  130  uses a set of one or more intensity thresholds to determine whether an operation has been performed by a user (e.g., to determine whether a user has “clicked” on an icon). In some embodiments at least a subset of the intensity thresholds are determined in accordance with software parameters (e.g., the intensity thresholds are not determined by the activation thresholds of particular physical actuators and can be adjusted without changing the physical hardware of device  100 ). For example, a mouse “click” threshold of a trackpad or touch screen display can be set to any of a large range of predefined thresholds values without changing the trackpad or touch screen display hardware. Additionally, in some implementations a user of the device is provided with software settings for adjusting one or more of the set of intensity thresholds (e.g., by adjusting individual intensity thresholds and/or by adjusting a plurality of intensity thresholds at once with a system-level click “intensity” parameter). 
     Contact/motion module  130  optionally detects a gesture input by a user. Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contact patterns (e.g., different motions, timings, and/or intensities of detected contacts). Thus, a gesture is, optionally, detected by detecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a finger tap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event at the same position (or substantially the same position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequently followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event. 
     Graphics module  132  includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics on touch screen  112  or other display, including components for changing the visual impact (e.g., brightness, transparency, saturation, contrast or other visual property) of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics” includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including without limitation text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations and the like. 
     In some embodiments, graphics module  132  stores data representing graphics to be used. Each graphic is, optionally, assigned a corresponding code. Graphics module  132  receives, from applications etc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with, if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and then generates screen image data to output to display controller  156 . 
     Haptic feedback module  133  includes various software components for generating instructions used by tactile output generator(s)  167  to produce tactile outputs at one or more locations on device  100  in response to user interactions with device  100 . 
     Text input module  134 , which may be a component of graphics module  132 , provides soft keyboards for entering text in various applications (e.g., contacts  137 , e-mail  140 , IM  141 , browser  147 , and any other application that needs text input). 
     GPS module  135  determines the location of the device and provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone  138  for use in location-based dialing, to camera  143  as picture/video metadata, and to applications that provide location-based services such as weather widgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets). 
     Applications  136  may include the following modules (or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof:
         contacts module  137  (sometimes called an address book or contact list);   telephone module  138 ;   video conferencing module  139 ;   e-mail client module  140 ;   instant messaging (IM) module  141 ;   workout support module  142 ;   camera module  143  for still and/or video images;   image management module  144 ;   video player module;   music player module;   browser module  147 ;   calendar module  148 ;   widget modules  149 , which may include one or more of: weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  149 - 3 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , dictionary widget  149 - 5 , and other widgets obtained by the user, as well as user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   widget creator module  150  for making user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   search module  151 ;   video and music player module  152 , which merges video player module and music player module;   notes module  153 ;   map module  154 ; and/or   online video module  155 .       

     Examples of other applications  136  that may be stored in memory  102  include other word processing applications, other image editing applications, drawing applications, presentation applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice replication. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , contacts module  137  may be used to manage an address book or contact list (e.g., stored in application internal state  192  of contacts module  137  in memory  102  or memory  370 ), including: adding name(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book; associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or other information with a name; associating an image with a name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers or e-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications by telephone  138 , video conference  139 , e-mail  140 , or IM  141 ; and so forth. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , telephone module  138  may be used to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers in contacts module  137 , modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation and disconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As noted above, the wireless communication may use any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , contacts module  137 , and telephone module  138 , videoconferencing module  139  includes executable instructions to initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user and one or more other participants in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140  includes executable instructions to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response to user instructions. In conjunction with image management module  144 , e-mail client module  140  makes it very easy to create and send e-mails with still or video images taken with camera module  143 . 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the instant messaging module  141  includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to an instant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit a respective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service (SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-based instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS for Internet-based instant messages), to receive instant messages and to view received instant messages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or received instant messages may include graphics, photos, audio files, video files and/or other attachments as are supported in a MMS and/or an Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging” refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , map module  154 , and music player module, workout support module  142  includes executable instructions to create workouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burning goals); communicate with workout sensors (sports devices); receive workout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout; select and play music for a workout; and display, store and transmit workout data. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor(s)  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and image management module  144 , camera module  143  includes executable instructions to capture still images or video (including a video stream) and store them into memory  102 , modify characteristics of a still image or video, or delete a still image or video from memory  102 . 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and camera module  143 , image management module  144  includes executable instructions to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/or video images. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , browser module  147  includes executable instructions to browse the Internet in accordance with user instructions, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web-pages or portions thereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web-pages. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , calendar module  148  includes executable instructions to create, display, modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendar entries, to do lists, etc.) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , widget modules  149  are mini-applications that may be downloaded and used by a user (e.g., weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  149 - 3 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , and dictionary widget  149 - 5 ) or created by the user (e.g., user-created widget  149 - 6 ). In some embodiments, a widget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In some embodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , the widget creator module  150  may be used by a user to create widgets (e.g., turning a user-specified portion of a web-page into a widget). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , search module  151  includes executable instructions to search for text, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory  102  that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , and browser module  147 , video and music player module  152  includes executable instructions that allow the user to download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, and executable instructions to display, present or otherwise play back videos (e.g., on touch screen  112  or on an external, connected display via external port  124 ). In some embodiments, device  100  optionally includes the functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , notes module  153  includes executable instructions to create and manage notes, to do lists, and the like in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , and browser module  147 , map module  154  may be used to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data associated with maps (e.g., driving directions; data on stores and other points of interest at or near a particular location; and other location-based data) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , online video module  155  includes instructions that allow the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen or on an external, connected display via external port  124 ), send an e-mail with a link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats, such as H.264. In some embodiments, instant messaging module  141 , rather than e-mail client module  140 , is used to send a link to a particular online video. Additional description of the online video application can be found in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/936,562, “Portable Multifunction Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Playing Online Videos,” filed Jun. 20, 2007, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/968,067, “Portable Multifunction Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Playing Online Videos,” filed Dec. 31, 2007, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
     Each of the above identified modules and applications correspond to a set of executable instructions for performing one or more functions described above and the methods described in this application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods described herein). These modules (e.g., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. For example, video player module  145  may be combined with music player module  146  into a single module (e.g., video and music player module  152 ,  FIG.  1 A ). In some embodiments, memory  102  may store a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  102  may store additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     In some embodiments, device  100  is a device where operation of a predefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/or a touchpad as the primary input control device for operation of device  100 , the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) on device  100  may be reduced. 
     The predefined set of functions that are performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad optionally include navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by the user, navigates device  100  to a main, home, or root menu from any user interface that is displayed on device  100 . In such embodiments, a “menu button” is implemented using a touchpad. In some other embodiments, the menu button is a physical push button or other physical input control device instead of a touchpad. 
       FIG.  1 B  is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  102  (in  FIG.  1 A ) or  370  ( FIG.  3   ) includes event sorter  170  (e.g., in operating system  126 ) and a respective application  136 - 1  (e.g., any of the aforementioned applications  137 - 151 ,  155 ,  380 - 390 ). 
     Event sorter  170  receives event information and determines the application  136 - 1  and application view  191  of application  136 - 1  to which to deliver the event information. Event sorter  170  includes event monitor  171  and event dispatcher module  174 . In some embodiments, application  136 - 1  includes application internal state  192 , which indicates the current application view(s) displayed on touch sensitive display  112  when the application is active or executing. In some embodiments, device/global internal state  157  is used by event sorter  170  to determine which application(s) is (are) currently active, and application internal state  192  is used by event sorter  170  to determine application views  191  to which to deliver event information. 
     In some embodiments, application internal state  192  includes additional information, such as one or more of: resume information to be used when application  136 - 1  resumes execution, user interface state information that indicates information being displayed or that is ready for display by application  136 - 1 , a state queue for enabling the user to go back to a prior state or view of application  136 - 1 , and a redo/undo queue of previous actions taken by the user. 
     Event monitor  171  receives event information from peripherals interface  118 . Event information includes information about a sub-event (e.g., a user touch on touch-sensitive display  112 , as part of a multi-touch gesture). Peripherals interface  118  transmits information it receives from I/O subsystem  106  or a sensor, such as proximity sensor  166 , accelerometer(s)  168 , and/or microphone  113  (through audio circuitry  110 ). Information that peripherals interface  118  receives from I/O subsystem  106  includes information from touch-sensitive display  112  or a touch-sensitive surface. 
     In some embodiments, event monitor  171  sends requests to the peripherals interface  118  at predetermined intervals. In response, peripherals interface  118  transmits event information. In other embodiments, peripheral interface  118  transmits event information only when there is a significant event (e.g., receiving an input above a predetermined noise threshold and/or for more than a predetermined duration). 
     In some embodiments, event sorter  170  also includes a hit view determination module  172  and/or an active event recognizer determination module  173 . 
     Hit view determination module  172  provides software procedures for determining where a sub-event has taken place within one or more views, when touch sensitive display  112  displays more than one view. Views are made up of controls and other elements that a user can see on the display. 
     Another aspect of the user interface associated with an application is a set of views, sometimes herein called application views or user interface windows, in which information is displayed and touch-based gestures occur. The application views (of a respective application) in which a touch is detected may correspond to programmatic levels within a programmatic or view hierarchy of the application. For example, the lowest level view in which a touch is detected may be called the hit view, and the set of events that are recognized as proper inputs may be determined based, at least in part, on the hit view of the initial touch that begins a touch-based gesture. 
     Hit view determination module  172  receives information related to sub-events of a touch-based gesture. When an application has multiple views organized in a hierarchy, hit view determination module  172  identifies a hit view as the lowest view in the hierarchy which should handle the sub-event. In most circumstances, the hit view is the lowest level view in which an initiating sub-event occurs (e.g., the first sub-event in the sequence of sub-events that form an event or potential event). Once the hit view is identified by the hit view determination module  172 , the hit view typically receives all sub-events related to the same touch or input source for which it was identified as the hit view. 
     Active event recognizer determination module  173  determines which view or views within a view hierarchy should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In some embodiments, active event recognizer determination module  173  determines that only the hit view should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, active event recognizer determination module  173  determines that all views that include the physical location of a sub-event are actively involved views, and therefore determines that all actively involved views should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, even if touch sub-events were entirely confined to the area associated with one particular view, views higher in the hierarchy would still remain as actively involved views. 
     Event dispatcher module  174  dispatches the event information to an event recognizer (e.g., event recognizer  180 ). In embodiments including active event recognizer determination module  173 , event dispatcher module  174  delivers the event information to an event recognizer determined by active event recognizer determination module  173 . In some embodiments, event dispatcher module  174  stores in an event queue the event information, which is retrieved by a respective event receiver module. 
     In some embodiments, operating system  126  includes event sorter  170 . Alternatively, application  136 - 1  includes event sorter  170 . In yet other embodiments, event sorter  170  is a stand-alone module, or a part of another module stored in memory  102 , such as contact/motion module  130 . 
     In some embodiments, application  136 - 1  includes a plurality of event handlers  190  and one or more application views  191 , each of which includes instructions for handling touch events that occur within a respective view of the application&#39;s user interface. Each application view  191  of the application  136 - 1  includes one or more event recognizers  180 . Typically, a respective application view  191  includes a plurality of event recognizers  180 . In other embodiments, one or more of event recognizers  180  are part of a separate module, such as a user interface kit (not shown) or a higher level object from which application  136 - 1  inherits methods and other properties. In some embodiments, a respective event handler  190  includes one or more of: data updater  176 , object updater  177 , GUI updater  178 , and/or event data  179  received from event sorter  170 . Event handler  190  may utilize or call data updater  176 , object updater  177  or GUI updater  178  to update the application internal state  192 . Alternatively, one or more of the application views  191  includes one or more respective event handlers  190 . Also, in some embodiments, one or more of data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178  are included in a respective application view  191 . 
     A respective event recognizer  180  receives event information (e.g., event data  179 ) from event sorter  170 , and identifies an event from the event information. Event recognizer  180  includes event receiver  182  and event comparator  184 . In some embodiments, event recognizer  180  also includes at least a subset of: metadata  183 , and event delivery instructions  188  (which may include sub-event delivery instructions). 
     Event receiver  182  receives event information from event sorter  170 . The event information includes information about a sub-event, for example, a touch or a touch movement. Depending on the sub-event, the event information also includes additional information, such as location of the sub-event. When the sub-event concerns motion of a touch the event information may also include speed and direction of the sub-event. In some embodiments, events include rotation of the device from one orientation to another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to a landscape orientation, or vice versa), and the event information includes corresponding information about the current orientation (also called device attitude) of the device. 
     Event comparator  184  compares the event information to predefined event or sub-event definitions and, based on the comparison, determines an event or sub-event, or determines or updates the state of an event or sub-event. In some embodiments, event comparator  184  includes event definitions  186 . Event definitions  186  contain definitions of events (e.g., predefined sequences of sub-events), for example, event  1  ( 187 - 1 ), event  2  ( 187 - 2 ), and others. In some embodiments, sub-events in an event ( 187 ) include, for example, touch begin, touch end, touch movement, touch cancellation, and multiple touching. In one example, the definition for event  1  ( 187 - 1 ) is a double tap on a displayed object. The double tap, for example, comprises a first touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a first lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase, a second touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, and a second lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase. In another example, the definition for event  2  ( 187 - 2 ) is a dragging on a displayed object. The dragging, for example, comprises a touch (or contact) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a movement of the touch across touch-sensitive display  112 , and lift-off of the touch (touch end). In some embodiments, the event also includes information for one or more associated event handlers  190 . 
     In some embodiments, event definition  187  includes a definition of an event for a respective user-interface object. In some embodiments, event comparator  184  performs a hit test to determine which user-interface object is associated with a sub-event. For example, in an application view in which three user-interface objects are displayed on touch-sensitive display  112 , when a touch is detected on touch-sensitive display  112 , event comparator  184  performs a hit test to determine which of the three user-interface objects is associated with the touch (sub-event). If each displayed object is associated with a respective event handler  190 , the event comparator uses the result of the hit test to determine which event handler  190  should be activated. For example, event comparator  184  selects an event handler associated with the sub-event and the object triggering the hit test. 
     In some embodiments, the definition for a respective event ( 187 ) also includes delayed actions that delay delivery of the event information until after it has been determined whether the sequence of sub-events does or does not correspond to the event recognizer&#39;s event type. 
     When a respective event recognizer  180  determines that the series of sub-events do not match any of the events in event definitions  186 , the respective event recognizer  180  enters an event impossible, event failed, or event ended state, after which it disregards subsequent sub-events of the touch-based gesture. In this situation, other event recognizers, if any, that remain active for the hit view continue to track and process sub-events of an ongoing touch-based gesture. 
     In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  includes metadata  183  with configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how the event delivery system should perform sub-event delivery to actively involved event recognizers. In some embodiments, metadata  183  includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how event recognizers may interact, or are enabled to interact, with one another. In some embodiments, metadata  183  includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate whether sub-events are delivered to varying levels in the view or programmatic hierarchy. 
     In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  activates event handler  190  associated with an event when one or more particular sub-events of an event are recognized. In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  delivers event information associated with the event to event handler  190 . Activating an event handler  190  is distinct from sending (and deferred sending) sub-events to a respective hit view. In some embodiments, event recognizer  180  throws a flag associated with the recognized event, and event handler  190  associated with the flag catches the flag and performs a predefined process. 
     In some embodiments, event delivery instructions  188  include sub-event delivery instructions that deliver event information about a sub-event without activating an event handler. Instead, the sub-event delivery instructions deliver event information to event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or to actively involved views. Event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or with actively involved views receive the event information and perform a predetermined process. 
     In some embodiments, data updater  176  creates and updates data used in application  136 - 1 . For example, data updater  176  updates the telephone number used in contacts module  137 , or stores a video file used in video player module  145 . In some embodiments, object updater  177  creates and updates objects used in application  136 - 1 . For example, object updater  177  creates a new user-interface object or updates the position of a user-interface object. GUI updater  178  updates the GUI. For example, GUI updater  178  prepares display information and sends it to graphics module  132  for display on a touch-sensitive display. 
     In some embodiments, event handler(s)  190  includes or has access to data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178 . In some embodiments, data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178  are included in a single module of a respective application  136 - 1  or application view  191 . In other embodiments, they are included in two or more software modules. 
     It shall be understood that the foregoing discussion regarding event handling of user touches on touch-sensitive displays also applies to other forms of user inputs to operate multifunction devices  100  with input-devices, not all of which are initiated on touch screens. For example, mouse movement and mouse button presses, optionally coordinated with single or multiple keyboard presses or holds; contact movements such as taps, drags, scrolls, etc., on touch-pads; pen stylus inputs; movement of the device; oral instructions; detected eye movements; biometric inputs; and/or any combination thereof are optionally utilized as inputs corresponding to sub-events which define an event to be recognized. 
       FIG.  2    illustrates a portable multifunction device  100  having a touch screen  112  in accordance with some embodiments. The touch screen optionally displays one or more graphics within user interface (UI)  200 . In this embodiment, as well as others described below, a user is enabled to select one or more of the graphics by making a gesture on the graphics, for example, with one or more fingers  202  (not drawn to scale in the figure) or one or more styluses  203  (not drawn to scale in the figure). In some embodiments, selection of one or more graphics occurs when the user breaks contact with the one or more graphics. In some embodiments, the gesture optionally includes one or more taps, one or more swipes (from left to right, right to left, upward and/or downward) and/or a rolling of a finger (from right to left, left to right, upward and/or downward) that has made contact with device  100 . In some implementations or circumstances, inadvertent contact with a graphic does not select the graphic. For example, a swipe gesture that sweeps over an application icon optionally does not select the corresponding application when the gesture corresponding to selection is a tap. 
     Device  100  may also include one or more physical buttons, such as “home” or menu button  204 . As described previously, menu button  204  may be used to navigate to any application  136  in a set of applications that may be executed on device  100 . Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as a soft key in a GUI displayed on touch screen  112 . 
     In one embodiment, device  100  includes touch screen  112 , menu button  204 , push button  206  for powering the device on/off and locking the device, volume adjustment button(s)  208 , Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card slot  210 , head set jack  212 , and docking/charging external port  124 . Push button  206  is, optionally, used to turn the power on/off on the device by depressing the button and holding the button in the depressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by depressing the button and releasing the button before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an unlock process. In an alternative embodiment, device  100  also accepts verbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions through microphone  113 . Device  100  also, optionally, includes one or more contact intensity sensors  165  for detecting intensity of contacts on touch screen  112  and/or one or more tactile output generators  167  for generating tactile outputs for a user of device  100 . 
       FIG.  3    is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. Device  300  need not be portable. In some embodiments, device  300  is a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a tablet computer, a multimedia player device, a navigation device, an educational device (such as a child&#39;s learning toy), a gaming system, or a control device (e.g., a home or industrial controller). Device  300  typically includes one or more processing units (CPU&#39;s)  310 , one or more network or other communications interfaces  360 , memory  370 , and one or more communication buses  320  for interconnecting these components. Communication buses  320  optionally include circuitry (sometimes called a chipset) that interconnects and controls communications between system components. Device  300  includes input/output (I/O) interface  330  comprising display  340 , which is typically a touch screen display. I/O interface  330  also optionally includes a keyboard and/or mouse (or other pointing device)  350  and touchpad  355 , tactile output generator  357  for generating tactile outputs on device  300  (e.g., similar to tactile output generator(s)  167  described above with reference to  FIG.  1 A ), sensors  359  (e.g., optical, acceleration, proximity, touch-sensitive, and/or contact intensity sensors similar to contact intensity sensor(s)  165  described above with reference to  FIG.  1 A ). Memory  370  includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM or other random access solid state memory devices; and optionally includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory  370  optionally includes one or more storage devices remotely located from CPU(s)  310 . In some embodiments, memory  370  stores programs, modules, and data structures analogous to the programs, modules, and data structures stored in memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100  ( FIG.  1 A ), or a subset thereof. Furthermore, memory  370  optionally stores additional programs, modules, and data structures not present in memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100 . For example, memory  370  of device  300  optionally stores drawing module  380 , presentation module  382 , word processing module  384 , website creation module  386 , disk authoring module  388 , and/or spreadsheet module  390 , while memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100  ( FIG.  1 A ) optionally does not store these modules. 
     Each of the above identified elements in  FIG.  3    may be stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices. Each of the above identified modules corresponds to a set of instructions for performing a function described above. The above identified modules or programs (e.g., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  370  may store a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  370  may store additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) that may be implemented on portable multifunction device  100 . 
       FIG.  4 A  illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu of applications on portable multifunction device  100  in accordance with some embodiments. Similar user interfaces may be implemented on device  300 . In some embodiments, user interface  400  includes the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:
         Signal strength indicator(s)  402  for wireless communication(s), such as cellular and Wi-Fi signals;   Time  404 ;   Bluetooth indicator  405 ;   Battery status indicator  406 ;   Tray  408  with icons for frequently used applications, such as:
           Icon  416  for telephone module  138 , labeled “Phone,” which optionally includes an indicator  414  of the number of missed calls or voicemail messages;   Icon  418  for e-mail client module  140 , labeled “Mail,” which optionally includes an indicator  410  of the number of unread e-mails;   Icon  420  for browser module  147 , labeled “Browser;” and   Icon  422  for video and music player module  152 , also referred to as iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) module  152 , labeled “iPod;” and   
           Icons for other applications, such as:
           Icon  424  for IM module  141 , labeled “Messages;”   Icon  426  for calendar module  148 , labeled “Calendar;”   Icon  428  for image management module  144 , labeled “Photos;”   Icon  430  for camera module  143 , labeled “Camera;”   Icon  432  for online video module  155 , labeled “Online Video”   Icon  434  for stocks widget  149 - 2 , labeled “Stocks;”   Icon  436  for map module  154 , labeled “Map;”   Icon  438  for weather widget  149 - 1 , labeled “Weather;”   Icon  440  for alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , labeled “Clock;”   Icon  442  for workout support module  142 , labeled “Workout Support;”   Icon  444  for notes module  153 , labeled “Notes;” and   Icon  446  for a settings application or module, which provides access to settings for device  100  and its various applications  136 .   
               

     It should be noted that the icon labels illustrated in  FIG.  4 A  are merely exemplary. For example, icons  422  for video and music player module  152  are labeled “Music” or “Music Player.” Other labels are, optionally, used for various application icons. In some embodiments, a label for a respective application icon includes a name of an application corresponding to the respective application icon. In some embodiments, a label for a particular application icon is distinct from a name of an application corresponding to the particular application icon. 
       FIG.  4 B  illustrates an exemplary user interface on a device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG.  3   ) with a touch-sensitive surface  451  (e.g., a tablet or touchpad  355 ,  FIG.  3   ) that is separate from the display  450  (e.g., touch screen display  112 ). Device  300  also, optionally, includes one or more contact intensity sensors (e.g., one or more of sensors  357 ) for detecting intensity of contacts on touch-sensitive surface  451  and/or one or more tactile output generators  359  for generating tactile outputs for a user of device  300 . 
     Although some of the examples which follow will be given with reference to inputs on touch screen display  112  (where the touch sensitive surface and the display are combined), in some embodiments, the device detects inputs on a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display, as shown in  FIG.  4 B . In some embodiments the touch sensitive surface (e.g.,  451  in  FIG.  4 B ) has a primary axis (e.g.,  452  in  FIG.  4 B ) that corresponds to a primary axis (e.g.,  453  in  FIG.  4 B ) on the display (e.g.,  450 ). In accordance with these embodiments, the device detects contacts (e.g.,  460  and  462  in  FIG.  4 B ) with the touch-sensitive surface  451  at locations that correspond to respective locations on the display (e.g., in  FIG.  4 B,  460    corresponds to  468  and  462  corresponds to  470 ). In this way, user inputs (e.g., contacts  460  and  462 , and movements thereof) detected by the device on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,  451  in  FIG.  4 B ) are used by the device to manipulate the user interface on the display (e.g.,  450  in  FIG.  4 B ) of the multifunction device when the touch-sensitive surface is separate from the display. It should be understood that similar methods are, optionally, used for other user interfaces described herein. 
     Additionally, while the following examples are given primarily with reference to finger inputs (e.g., finger contacts, finger tap gestures, finger swipe gestures), it should be understood that, in some embodiments, one or more of the finger inputs are replaced with input from another input device (e.g., a mouse based input or stylus input). For example, a swipe gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click (e.g., instead of a contact) followed by movement of the cursor along the path of the swipe (e.g., instead of movement of the contact). As another example, a tap gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click while the cursor is located over the location of the tap gesture (e.g., instead of detection of the contact followed by ceasing to detect the contact). Similarly, when multiple user inputs are simultaneously detected, it should be understood that multiple computer mice are, optionally, used simultaneously, or a mouse and finger contacts are, optionally, used simultaneously. 
       FIG.  5 A  illustrates exemplary personal electronic device  500 . Device  500  includes body  502 . In some embodiments, device  500  can include some or all of the features described with respect to devices  100  and  300  (e.g.,  FIGS.  1 A- 4 B ). In some embodiments, device  500  has touch-sensitive display screen  504 , hereafter touchscreen  504 . Alternatively, or in addition to touchscreen  504 , device  500  has a display and a touch-sensitive surface. As with devices  100  and  300 , in some embodiments, touchscreen  504  (or the touch-sensitive surface) may have one or more intensity sensors for detecting intensity of contacts (e.g., touches) being applied. The one or more intensity sensors of touchscreen  504  (or the touch-sensitive surface) can provide output data that represents the intensity of touches. The user interface of device  500  can respond to touches based on their intensity, meaning that touches of different intensities can invoke different user interface operations on device  500 . 
     Techniques for detecting and processing touch intensity may be found, for example, in related applications: International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2013/040061, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Displaying User Interface Objects Corresponding to an Application,” filed May 8, 2013 and International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2013/069483, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Transitioning Between Touch Input to Display Output Relationships,” filed Nov. 11, 2013, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
     In some embodiments, device  500  has one or more input mechanisms  506  and  508 . Input mechanisms  506  and  508 , if included, can be physical. Examples of physical input mechanisms include push buttons and rotatable mechanisms. In some embodiments, device  500  has one or more attachment mechanisms. Such attachment mechanisms, if included, can permit attachment of device  500  with, for example, hats, eyewear, earrings, necklaces, shirts, jackets, bracelets, watch straps, chains, trousers, belts, shoes, purses, backpacks, and so forth. These attachment mechanisms may permit device  500  to be worn by a user. 
       FIG.  5 B  depicts exemplary personal electronic device  500 . In some embodiments, device  500  can include some or all of the components described with respect to  FIGS.  1 A,  1 B , and  3 . Device  500  has bus  512  that operatively couples I/O section  514  with one or more computer processors  516  and memory  518 . I/O section  514  can be connected to display  504 , which can have touch-sensitive component  522  and, optionally, touch-intensity sensitive component  524 . In addition, I/O section  514  can be connected with communication unit  530  for receiving application and operating system data, using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth™, near field communication (“NFC”), cellular and/or other wireless communication techniques. Device  500  can include input mechanisms  506  and/or  508 . Input mechanism  506  may be a rotatable input device, for example. Input mechanism  508  may be a button, in some examples. 
     Input mechanism  508  may be a microphone, in some examples. Computing device  500  can include various sensors, such as GPS sensor  532 , accelerometer  534 , directional sensor  540  (e.g., compass), gyroscope  536 , motion sensor  538 , and/or a combination thereof, all of which can be operatively connected to I/O section  514 . 
     Memory  518  of personal electronic device  500  can be a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, for storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by one or more computer processors  516 , for example, can cause the computer processors to perform the techniques described above, including processes  700  ( FIG.  7   ),  800  ( FIG.  8   ), and  1000  ( FIG.  10   ). The computer-executable instructions can also be stored and/or transported within any non-transitory computer readable storage medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions. For purposes of this document, a “non-transitory computer readable storage medium” can be any medium that can tangibly contain or store computer-executable instructions for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium can include, but is not limited to, magnetic, optical, and/or semiconductor storages. Examples of such storage include magnetic disks, optical discs based on CD, DVD, or Blu-ray technologies, as well as persistent solid-state memory such as flash, solid-state drives, and the like. Computing device  500  is not limited to the components and configuration of  FIG.  5 B , but can include other or additional components in multiple configurations. 
     As used here, the term “affordance” refers to a user-interactive graphical user interface object that may be displayed on the display screen of device  100 ,  300 , and/or  500  ( FIGS.  1 ,  3 , and  5   ). For example, an image (e.g., icon), a button, and text (e.g., hyperlink) may each constitute an affordance. 
     As used herein, the term “focus selector” refers to an input element that indicates a current part of a user interface with which a user is interacting. In some implementations that include a cursor or other location marker, the cursor acts as a “focus selector,” so that when an input (e.g., a press input) is detected on a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touchpad  355  in  FIG.  3    or touch-sensitive surface  451  in  FIG.  4 B ) while the cursor is over a particular user interface element (e.g., a button, window, slider or other user interface element), the particular user interface element is adjusted in accordance with the detected input. In some implementations that include a touch-screen display (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112  in  FIG.  1 A  or touch screen  112  in  FIG.  4 A ) that enables direct interaction with user interface elements on the touch-screen display, a detected contact on the touch-screen acts as a “focus selector,” so that when an input (e.g., a press input by the contact) is detected on the touch-screen display at a location of a particular user interface element (e.g., a button, window, slider or other user interface element), the particular user interface element is adjusted in accordance with the detected input. In some implementations focus is moved from one region of a user interface to another region of the user interface without corresponding movement of a cursor or movement of a contact on a touch-screen display (e.g., by using a tab key or arrow keys to move focus from one button to another button); in these implementations, the focus selector moves in accordance with movement of focus between different regions of the user interface. Without regard to the specific form taken by the focus selector, the focus selector is generally the user interface element (or contact on a touch-screen display) that is controlled by the user so as to communicate the user&#39;s intended interaction with the user interface (e.g., by indicating, to the device, the element of the user interface with which the user is intending to interact). For example, the location of a focus selector (e.g., a cursor, a contact or a selection box) over a respective button while a press input is detected on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touchpad or touch screen) will indicate that the user is intending to activate the respective button (as opposed to other user interface elements shown on a display of the device). 
     As used in the specification and claims, the term “characteristic intensity” of a contact refers to a characteristic of the contact based on one or more intensities of the contact. In some embodiments, the characteristic intensity is based on multiple intensity samples. The characteristic intensity is, optionally, based on a predefined number of intensity samples, or a set of intensity samples collected during a predetermined time period (e.g., 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 seconds) relative to a predefined event (e.g., after detecting the contact, prior to detecting liftoff of the contact, before or after detecting a start of movement of the contact, prior to detecting an end of the contact, before or after detecting an increase in intensity of the contact, and/or before or after detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact). A characteristic intensity of a contact is, optionally based on one or more of: a maximum value of the intensities of the contact, a mean value of the intensities of the contact, an average value of the intensities of the contact, a top 10 percentile value of the intensities of the contact, a value at the half maximum of the intensities of the contact, a value at the 90 percent maximum of the intensities of the contact, or the like. In some embodiments, the duration of the contact is used in determining the characteristic intensity (e.g., when the characteristic intensity is an average of the intensity of the contact over time). In some embodiments, the characteristic intensity is compared to a set of one or more intensity thresholds to determine whether an operation has been performed by a user. For example, the set of one or more intensity thresholds may include a first intensity threshold and a second intensity threshold. In this example, a contact with a characteristic intensity that does not exceed the first threshold results in a first operation, a contact with a characteristic intensity that exceeds the first intensity threshold and does not exceed the second intensity threshold results in a second operation, and a contact with a characteristic intensity that exceeds the second threshold results in a third operation. In some embodiments, a comparison between the characteristic intensity and one or more thresholds is used to determine whether or not to perform one or more operations (e.g., whether to perform a respective operation or forgo performing the respective operation) rather than being used to determine whether to perform a first operation or a second operation. 
       FIG.  5 C  illustrates detecting a plurality of contacts  552 A- 552 E on touch-sensitive display screen  504  with a plurality of intensity sensors  524 A- 524 D.  FIG.  5 C  additionally includes intensity diagrams that show the current intensity measurements of the intensity sensors  524 A- 524 D relative to units of intensity. In this example, the intensity measurements of intensity sensors  524 A and  524 D are each 9 units of intensity, and the intensity measurements of intensity sensors  524 B and  524 C are each 7 units of intensity. In some implementations, an aggregate intensity is the sum of the intensity measurements of the plurality of intensity sensors  524 A- 524 D, which in this example is 32 intensity units. In some embodiments, each contact is assigned a respective intensity that is a portion of the aggregate intensity.  FIG.  5 D  illustrates assigning the aggregate intensity to contacts  552 A- 552 E based on their distance from the center of force  554 . In this example, each of contacts  552 A,  552 B and  552 E are assigned an intensity of contact of 8 intensity units of the aggregate intensity, and each of contacts  552 C and  552 D are assigned an intensity of contact of 4 intensity units of the aggregate intensity. More generally, in some implementations, each contact j is assigned a respective intensity Ij that is a portion of the aggregate intensity, A, in accordance with a predefined mathematical function, Ij=A·(Dj/ΣDi), where Dj is the distance of the respective contact j to the center of force, and ΣDi is the sum of the distances of all the respective contacts (e.g., i=1 to last) to the center of force. The operations described with reference to  FIGS.  5 C- 5 D  can be performed using an electronic device similar or identical to device  100 ,  300 , or  500 . In some embodiments, a characteristic intensity of a contact is based on one or more intensities of the contact. In some embodiments, the intensity sensors are used to determine a single characteristic intensity (e.g., a single characteristic intensity of a single contact). It should be noted that the intensity diagrams are not part of a displayed user interface, but are included in  FIGS.  5 C- 5 D  to aid the reader. 
     In some embodiments, a portion of a gesture is identified for purposes of determining a characteristic intensity. For example, a touch-sensitive surface may receive a continuous swipe contact transitioning from a start location and reaching an end location, at which point the intensity of the contact increases. In this example, the characteristic intensity of the contact at the end location may be based on only a portion of the continuous swipe contact, and not the entire swipe contact (e.g., only the portion of the swipe contact at the end location). In some embodiments, a smoothing algorithm may be applied to the intensities of the swipe contact prior to determining the characteristic intensity of the contact. For example, the smoothing algorithm optionally includes one or more of: an unweighted sliding-average smoothing algorithm, a triangular smoothing algorithm, a median filter smoothing algorithm, and/or an exponential smoothing algorithm. In some circumstances, these smoothing algorithms eliminate narrow spikes or dips in the intensities of the swipe contact for purposes of determining a characteristic intensity. 
     The intensity of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface may be characterized relative to one or more intensity thresholds, such as a contact-detection intensity threshold, a light press intensity threshold, a deep press intensity threshold, and/or one or more other intensity thresholds. In some embodiments, the light press intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will perform operations typically associated with clicking a button of a physical mouse or a trackpad. In some embodiments, the deep press intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will perform operations that are different from operations typically associated with clicking a button of a physical mouse or a trackpad. In some embodiments, when a contact is detected with a characteristic intensity below the light press intensity threshold (e.g., and above a nominal contact-detection intensity threshold below which the contact is no longer detected), the device will move a focus selector in accordance with movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface without performing an operation associated with the light press intensity threshold or the deep press intensity threshold. Generally, unless otherwise stated, these intensity thresholds are consistent between different sets of user interface figures. 
     An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below the light press intensity threshold to an intensity between the light press intensity threshold and the deep press intensity threshold is sometimes referred to as a “light press” input. An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below the deep press intensity threshold to an intensity above the deep press intensity threshold is sometimes referred to as a “deep press” input. An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below the contact-detection intensity threshold to an intensity between the contact-detection intensity threshold and the light press intensity threshold is sometimes referred to as detecting the contact on the touch-surface. A decrease of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity above the contact-detection intensity threshold to an intensity below the contact-detection intensity threshold is sometimes referred to as detecting liftoff of the contact from the touch-surface. In some embodiments the contact-detection intensity threshold is zero. In some embodiments the contact-detection intensity threshold is greater than zero. 
     In some embodiments described herein, one or more operations are performed in response to detecting a gesture that includes a respective press input or in response to detecting the respective press input performed with a respective contact (or a plurality of contacts), where the respective press input is detected based at least in part on detecting an increase in intensity of the contact (or plurality of contacts) above a press-input intensity threshold. In some embodiments, the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold (e.g., a “down stroke” of the respective press input). In some embodiments, the press input includes an increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold and a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the press-input intensity threshold, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contact below the press-input threshold (e.g., an “up stroke” of the respective press input). 
       FIGS.  5 E- 5 H  illustrate detection of a gesture that includes a press input that corresponds to an increase in intensity of a contact  562  from an intensity below a light press intensity threshold (e.g., “ITL”) in  FIG.  5 E , to an intensity above a deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “ITD”) in  FIG.  5 H . The gesture performed with contact  562  is detected on touch-sensitive surface  560  while cursor  576  is displayed over application icon  572 B corresponding to App  2 , on a displayed user interface  570  that includes application icons  572 A- 572 D displayed in predefined region  574 . In some embodiments, the gesture is detected on touch-sensitive display  504 . The intensity sensors detect the intensity of contacts on touch-sensitive surface  560 . The device determines that the intensity of contact  562  peaked above the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “ITD”). Contact  562  is maintained on touch-sensitive surface  560 . In response to the detection of the gesture, and in accordance with contact  562  having an intensity that goes above the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “ITS”) during the gesture, reduced-scale representations  578 A- 578 C (e.g., thumbnails) of recently opened documents for App  2  are displayed, as shown in  FIGS.  5 F- 5 H . In some embodiments, the intensity, which is compared to the one or more intensity thresholds, is the characteristic intensity of a contact. It should be noted that the intensity diagram for contact  562  is not part of a displayed user interface, but is included in  FIGS.  5 E- 5 H  to aid the reader. 
     In some embodiments, the display of representations  578 A- 578 C includes an animation. For example, representation  578 A is initially displayed in proximity of application icon  572 B, as shown in  FIG.  5 F . As the animation proceeds, representation  578 A moves upward and representation  578 B is displayed in proximity of application icon  572 B, as shown in  FIG.  5 G . Then representations  578 A moves upward,  578 B moves upward toward representation  578 A, and representation  578 C is displayed in proximity of application icon  572 B, as shown in  FIG.  5 H . Representations  578 A- 578 C form an array above icon  572 B. In some embodiments, the animation progresses in accordance with an intensity of contact  562 , as shown in  FIGS.  5 F- 5 G , where the representations  578 A- 578 C appear and move upwards as the intensity of contact  562  increases toward the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “ITD”). In some embodiments the intensity, on which the progress of the animation is based, is the characteristic intensity of the contact. The operations described with reference to  FIGS.  5 E- 5 H  can be performed using an electronic device similar or identical to device  100 ,  300 , or  500 . 
     In some embodiments, the device employs intensity hysteresis to avoid accidental inputs sometimes termed “jitter,” where the device defines or selects a hysteresis intensity threshold with a predefined relationship to the press-input intensity threshold (e.g., the hysteresis intensity threshold is X intensity units lower than the press-input intensity threshold or the hysteresis intensity threshold is 75%, 90% or some reasonable proportion of the press-input intensity threshold). Thus, in some embodiments, the press input includes an increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold and a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold that corresponds to the press-input intensity threshold, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold (e.g., an “up stroke” of the respective press input). Similarly, in some embodiments, the press input is detected only when the device detects an increase in intensity of the contact from an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity at or above the press-input intensity threshold and, optionally, a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact to an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the press input (e.g., the increase in intensity of the contact or the decrease in intensity of the contact, depending on the circumstances). 
     For ease of explanation, the description of operations performed in response to a press input associated with a press-input intensity threshold or in response to a gesture including the press input are, optionally, triggered in response to detecting either: an increase in intensity of a contact above the press-input intensity threshold, an increase in intensity of a contact from an intensity below the hysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity above the press-input intensity threshold, a decrease in intensity of the contact below the press-input intensity threshold, and/or a decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to the press-input intensity threshold. Additionally, in examples where an operation is described as being performed in response to detecting a decrease in intensity of a contact below the press-input intensity threshold, the operation is, optionally, performed in response to detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact below a hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to, and lower than, the press-input intensity threshold. 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) and associated processes that may be implemented on a multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface, such as devices  100 ,  300 , and/or  500 , to improve a user&#39;s experience in accessing, composing, and manipulating email. 
       FIGS.  6 A- 6 I  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for accessing, composing, and manipulating electronic mail using an electronic device. In some embodiments, the electronic device is device  500 . The electronic device has a display (e.g.,  112 ,  340 ,  504 ), a touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,  112 ,  355 ,  504 ), and a rotatable input mechanism (e.g.,  506 ). In  FIG.  6 A , user interface screen  602  displays multiple affordances (e.g., a plurality of icons). Each affordance is associated with a software application such that when an affordance is activated by a user, the application associated with the activated affordance is displayed on the display of the electronic device. User interface screen  602  includes an affordance representing an electronic mail application  604  (e.g., an icon among the plurality of icons). The device receives user input representing movement of the rotatable input mechanism (e.g., the user rotates the rotatable input mechanism in a first direction). In response to receiving the user input representing movement of the rotatable input mechanism, the device displays user interface screen  606 , which includes an enlarged view of the affordance representing the electronic mail application  604 . 
     In  FIG.  6 A , the affordance representing the electronic mail application  604  on user interface screen  606  includes an indication of a number of unread electronic mail messages (e.g., the icon includes the number of unread emails) of the electronic mail application. In this example, the affordance representing the electronic mail application  604  indicates that the electronic mail application includes four unread electronic mail messages (e.g., “4 unread emails”). The device receives user input representing movement of the rotatable input mechanism (e.g., rotation of the rotatable input mechanism in the first direction while the affordance representing the electronic mail application  604  is substantially in the center of the display; the user activates the electronic mail application). In response to receiving the user input representing the movement of the rotatable input mechanism, the device displays a landing screen  608  (e.g., the screen displayed when the application starts or the screen displayed after the application initializes) of the electronic mail application. In some examples, if the user rotates the rotatable input mechanism in a second direction (e.g., opposite to the first direction) while at user interface screen  606 , the device does not display the landing screen  608  in response to the rotation in the second direction. 
     Alternatively, rather than receiving user input representing movement of the rotatable input mechanism, the device receives user input associated with the affordance representing the electronic mail application  604  (e.g., the user activates the affordance  604  by touching the affordance  604 ). In response to receiving the user input associated with the affordance representing the electronic mail application  604 , the device displays the landing screen  608  (e.g., the screen displayed when the application starts or the screen displayed after the application initializes) of the electronic mail application. 
     At  FIG.  6 A , the landing screen  608  includes at least two affordances: an inbox affordance  610  and a compose affordance  612 . In this example, inbox affordance  610  also includes an indication of the number of unread email messages (e.g., “4”). In some embodiments, the inbox affordance  610  and the compose affordance  612  are displayed concurrently. Thus, the user can select between the inbox affordance  610  and the compose affordance  612  on the landing screen  608 . The inbox affordance  610 , when activated, enables display of an email inbox. The compose affordance  612 , when activated, enables a user to compose a new electronic mail message. Generally, a user can activate an affordance or object by using a finger tap on the displayed affordance or object. 
     Reviewing emails stored in the inbox and composing emails are two frequently accessed functions. Accordingly, providing concurrent access to these two functions provides the user with efficient email access. The device receives user input associated with the landing screen  608  (e.g., the user activates the inbox affordance  610  or the compose affordance  612 ; generally, displayed items are associated with user inputs in a contextual manner, such as the user input being received at a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the location of the displayed item on the display to activate the displayed item). Thus, an input associated with a particular displayed affordance or object may be, for example, a detected touch at the location of the displayed affordance or object. 
     The device determines whether the user input associated with the landing screen  608  represents a touch associated with the displayed inbox affordance  610  or a touch associated with the displayed compose affordance  612  (e.g., the devices determines whether the user activates the inbox affordance  610  or the compose affordance  612  by, for example, tapping on the affordance). 
     At  FIG.  6 A , in response to receiving the user input associated with the landing screen  608  and in accordance with a determination that the user input associated with the landing screen  608  represents a touch associated with the displayed inbox affordance  610  (e.g., the user tapped on the inbox affordance  610 ), the device displays, on the display, a list of electronic mail thread objects  614 A-B, including electronic mail thread objects  614 A and  614 B (e.g., the device displays an email inbox that includes different email threads). Thus, the inbox affordance  610 , when activated, causes display of the list of electronic mail thread objects  614 A-B. 
     At  FIG.  6 A , at user interface screen  614 , the list of electronic mail thread objects  614 A-B includes electronic mail thread objects  614 A and  614 B. An electronic mail thread object (e.g.,  614 A and  614 B) may include one or more of: all or a portion of the name of the individual who sent an email associated with the electronic mail thread object (e.g., “JT” and “Mom” in object  614 A), all or a portion of the subject of an email associated with the electronic mail thread object (e.g., “Christmas in SF” in object  614 A), all or a portion of the body of the email associated with the electronic mail thread object (e.g., “Hi everyone!” in object  614 A), and the day and/or time stamp of an email associated with the electronic mail thread object (e.g., “3:02 PM” in object  614 A). In some embodiments, the user can swipe up or down on the list of electronic mail thread objects  614 A-B to scroll through the list of electronic mail thread objects  614 A-B. In some embodiments, the user can rotate the rotatable input mechanism to scroll through the list of electronic mail thread objects  614 A-B. Rotating the rotatable input mechanism in a first direction causes the list to scroll up. Rotating the rotatable input mechanism in a second direction causes the list to scroll down. The first direction is different than the second direction. 
     At  FIG.  6 A , in response to receiving the user input associated with the landing screen  608  and in accordance with a determination that the user input associated with the landing screen  608  represents a touch associated the displayed compose affordance  612  (e.g., the user activates the compose affordance  612 ), the device displays an interface for composing a new electronic mail message  616  (e.g., a user interface for entering email recipient, subject, and body). Thus, the compose affordance  612 , when activated, causes display of the interface for composing a new electronic mail message  616 . 
     Affordance  616 A, when activated, enables a user to add recipients to the new electronic mail message. Affordance  616 B, when activated, enables a user to add a subject. Affordance  616 C, when activated, enables a user to add text to the body. Affordance  616 D, when enabled and activated, causes the new electronic mail message to be transmitted to recipients. 
     Returning to user interface screen  614 , the user can access multiple features of the electronic mail application. In accordance with some embodiments, the device receives user input representing a touch associated with an electronic mail thread object  614 A of the list of electronic mail thread objects  614 A-B. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with an electronic mail thread object  614 A of the list of electronic mail thread objects  614 A-B, the device displays, on the display, a list of electronic mail message objects  618 A-B associated with the electronic mail thread object  614 A. Thus, object  614 A, when activated, causes display of a list of electronic mail message objects  618 A-B. 
     At  FIG.  6 B , the list of electronic mail message objects  618 A-B includes electronic mail message objects  618 A and  618 B. An electronic mail message object (e.g.,  618 A and  618 B) may include one or more of: all or a portion of the name of the individual who sent the email associated with the electronic mail message object (e.g., “JT White” in object  618 A), all or a portion of the subject of the email associated with the electronic mail message object (e.g., “Re: Christmas . . . ” in object  618 A), all or a portion of the body of the email associated with the electronic mail message object (e.g., “Hi everyone!” in object  618 A), and the day and/or time stamp of the email associated with the electronic mail message object (e.g., “3:02 PM” in object  618 A). In some embodiments, the user can swipe up or down to scroll the list of electronic mail message objects  618 A-B. In some embodiments, the user can rotate the rotatable input mechanism to scroll through the list of electronic mail thread objects  618 A-B. Rotating the rotatable input mechanism in a first direction causes the list to scroll up. Rotating the rotatable input mechanism in a second direction causes the list to scroll down. The first direction is different than the second direction. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, while displaying user interface screen  618  the device receives user input representing a substantially horizontal swipe gesture from a bezel of the electronic device (e.g., a swipe right gesture originating at a left bezel) at the list of electronic mail message objects  618 A-B, as illustrated at user interface screen  626 . In response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture from the bezel of the electronic device (e.g., a swipe right gesture originating at a left bezel) at the list of electronic mail message objects  618 A-B, the device replaces display of the list of electronic mail message objects  618 A-B with the list of electronic mail thread objects  614 A-B, as illustrated in user interface  614 . 
     In accordance with some embodiments, while displaying user interface screen  618 , the device receives user input representing a touch associated with an electronic mail message object  618 A of the list of electronic mail message objects  618 A-B (e.g., the user taps on object  618 A). In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with an electronic mail message object  618 A of the list of electronic mail message objects  618 A-B, the device displays, on the display, an electronic mail message associated with the electronic mail message object, as illustrated in user interface screen  620 . The electronic mail message  620 A-C of user interface screen  620  may include the names of the sender and recipient(s)  620 A, a subject  620 B, and a body  620 C. Thus, the electronic mail message object, when activated, causes display of an electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, while displaying user interface screen  620  the device receives user input representing a substantially horizontal swipe gesture from a bezel of the electronic device (e.g., a swipe right gesture originating at a left bezel) associated with the electronic mail message  620 A-C, as illustrated at user interface screen  628 . In response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture from the bezel of the electronic device (e.g., a swipe right gesture originating at a left bezel) associated with the electronic mail message  620 A-C, the device replaces display of the electronic mail message  620 A-C with the list of electronic mail message objects  618 A-B, as illustrated in user interface screen  618 . 
     In accordance with some embodiments, the touch-sensitive surface of the device is configured to detect intensity of touches (e.g., using  524 ). While displaying user interface screen  620 , the device receives user input representing a touch on the electronic mail message  620 A-C. The device determines whether a characteristic intensity of the touch on the electronic mail message  620 A-C is above an intensity threshold (e.g., intensity may be measured based on pressure or determined based on the size of a touch). In response to receiving the user input representing the touch on the electronic mail message  620 A-C and in accordance with a determination that the characteristic intensity of the touch is above the intensity threshold (e.g., a deep press; intensity may be measured based on pressure or determined based on the size of a touch), the device displays, on the display, a first set of one or more affordances  622 A-D associated with the electronic mail message  620 A-C, as illustrated in user interface screen  622 . Thus, electronic mail message  620 A-C, when activated with a touch above the intensity threshold, causes display of a contextual menu with affordances. A touch below the intensity threshold on electronic mail message  620 A-C will not cause display of the contextual menu with affordances. Instead, for example, a touch below the intensity threshold on electronic mail message  620 A-C may be used to scroll the electronic mail message  620 A-C, such as by touching and swiping up or down. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, displaying the first set of one or more affordances  622 A-D associated with the electronic mail message comprises replacing display of the electronic mail message  620 A-C with display of the first set of one or more affordances  622 A-D associated with the electronic mail message  620 A-C. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, as illustrated in user interface screen  622 , the first set of one or more affordances  622 A-D associated with the electronic mail message  620 A-C includes one or more of (1) an affordance associated with replying to the electronic mail message  622 A, (2) an affordance associated with marking (e.g., marking as unread, junk, flagged) the electronic mail message  622 B, (3) an affordance associated with opening the electronic mail message on a second device (e.g., a phone, tablet, or computer)  622 C, and (4) a first affordance associated with a cancel action associated with the electronic mail message  622 D. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, while displaying user interface screen  622 , the device receives user input representing a touch associated with the first affordance associated with the cancel action  622 D. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the first affordance associated with the cancel action  622 D, the device replaces display of the first set of one or more affordances  622 A-D with display of the electronic mail message  620 A-C, as illustrated in user interface screen  620 . Thus, a user can cancel out of user interface screen  622  and return to user interface screen  620  by activating the first affordance associated with the cancel action  622 D by, for example, tapping on the first affordance associated with the cancel action  622 D. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, while displaying user interface screen  622 , the device receives user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with replying to the electronic mail message  622 A. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with replying to the electronic mail message  622 A, the device replaces display of the first set of one or more affordances  622 A-D with a second set of one or more affordances associated with the electronic mail message  624 A-D, as illustrated in user interface screen  624 . Thus, affordance  622 A, when activated, causes display of the second set of one or more affordances  624 A-D. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, as illustrated in user interface screen  624 , the second set of affordances associated with the electronic mail message  624 A-D includes one or more of (1) an affordance associated with replying to the sender of the electronic mail message  624 A, (2) an affordance associated with replying to all recipients (e.g., sender and any recipients) of the electronic mail message  624 B, (3) an affordance associated with forwarding the electronic mail message  624 C, and (4) a second affordance associated with a cancel action associated with the electronic mail message  624 D. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, while displaying user interface screen  624 , the device receives user input representing a touch associated with the second affordance associated with the cancel action  624 D. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the second affordance associated with the cancel action  624 D, the device replaces display of the second set of one or more affordances  624 A-D with display of the first set of one or more affordances  622 A-D (e.g. for replying, marking, opening, and canceling), as illustrated in user interface screen  622 . Thus, a user can cancel out of user interface screen  624  and return to user interface screen  622  by activating the second affordance associated with the cancel action  624 D. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, while displaying user interface screen  624 , the device receives user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with replying to the sender of the electronic mail message  624 A. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with replying to the sender of the electronic mail message  624 A, the device replaces display of the second set of one or more affordances  624 A-D with display of an interface for replying to the electronic mail message. The interface for replying to the electronic mail message auto-populates the recipient of a new electronic mail message based on the sender of the electronic mail message being replied to. Thus, affordance  624 A, when activated, causes display of the interface for replying to the electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, while displaying user interface screen  624 , the device receives user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with replying to all recipients of the electronic mail message  624 B. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with replying to all recipients (e.g., sender and any recipients) of the electronic mail message  624 B, the device replaces display of the second set of one or more affordances  624 A-D with display of an interface for replying to all recipients of the electronic mail message  630 A-D, as illustrated in user interface screen  630 . The interface for replying to all recipients of the electronic mail message auto-populates the recipient of a new electronic mail message based on the sender of the electronic mail message being replied to and all recipients of the electronic mail message being replied to, other than the user. Thus, affordance  624 B, when activated, causes display of the interface for replying to all recipients of the electronic mail message  630 . 
     In accordance with some embodiments, at user interface  630 , the user can modify the recipients, modify the subject, or modify the body of the reply electronic mail message. When the device receives user input associated with affordance  630 A, the device displays a user interface screen for adding and/or removing recipients. When the device receives user input associated with affordance  630 B, the device displays a user interface screen for changing the subject. For example, the device enables a microphone and enters into a dictation mode for changing the subject. When the device receives user input associated with affordance  630 C, the device displays a user interface screen for adding text to the body, as illustrated in user interface screen  632 . For example, the device enables a microphone and enters into a dictation mode for adding text to the body. Cancel affordance  632 A, when activated, causes the device to return to the display of user interface screen  630 . 
     At  FIG.  6 C , in accordance with some embodiments, in response to a change in the recipient, subject, or body of the reply electronic mail message, the device determines whether the reply electronic mail message includes recipient information, subject information, and body information (e.g., whether all the fields are populated). In response to determining that the reply electronic mail message includes recipient information, subject information, and body information, the device displays an affordance associated with sending the new electronic mail message  634 A (e.g., once the recipient, subject, and body have content, a send affordance becomes enabled and is no longer grayed out), as illustrated in user interface  634 . In response to detecting activation of the affordance associated with sending the new electronic mail message  634 A, the device transmits the reply electronic mail message and displays a confirmation user interface screen  636 . 
     At  FIG.  6 B , in accordance with some embodiments, while displaying user interface screen  624 , the device receives user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with forwarding the electronic mail message  624 C. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with forwarding the electronic mail message  624 C, the device replaces display of the second set of one or more affordances  624 A-D with display of an interface for forwarding the electronic mail message. The interface for forwarding the electronic mail message does not auto-populate the recipient of a new electronic mail message. However, the subject is auto-populated and is based the subject of the electronic mail message being forwarded. Thus, affordance  624 C, when activated, causes display of an interface for forwarding the electronic mail message. 
     At  FIG.  6 B , in accordance with some embodiments, while displaying user interface screen  622 , the device receives user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with marking the electronic mail message  622 B. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with marking the electronic mail message  622 B, the device replaces display of the first set of one or more affordances  622 A-D with a third set of one or more affordances associated with the electronic mail message  640 A-D (e.g., flag, mark unread, archive, and cancel affordances), as illustrated in user interface screen  640 . Thus, affordance  622 B, when activated, causes display of affordances for marking the electronic mail message. 
     At  FIG.  6 D , in accordance with some embodiments, as illustrated in user interface screen  640 , the third set of affordances associated with the electronic mail message  640 A-D includes one or more of (1) an affordance associated with flagging the electronic mail message  640 A, (2) an affordance associated with marking as unread the electronic mail message  640 B, (3) an affordance associated with archiving the electronic mail message  640 C, and (4) a third affordance associated with a cancel action associated with the electronic mail message  640 D. 
     At  FIG.  6 D , in accordance with some embodiments, while displaying user interface screen  640 , the device receives user input representing a touch associated with the third affordance associated with the cancel action  640 D. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the third affordance associated with the cancel action  640 D, the device replaces display of the third set of one or more affordances  640 A-D with display of the first set of one or more affordances  622 A-D (e.g. for replying, marking, opening, and canceling), as illustrated in user interface screen  622 . Thus, a user can cancel out of user interface screen  640  and return to user interface screen  622  by activating the third affordance associated with the cancel action  640 D. 
     At  FIG.  6 D , in accordance with some embodiments, while displaying user interface screen  640 , the device receives user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with flagging the electronic mail message  640 A. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with flagging the electronic mail message  640 A, the device replaces display of the third set of one or more affordances  640 A-D with display of the electronic mail message, including a flag indicator  642 A (e.g., display the email with a dot that appears next to the subject line to indicate the email is flagged), as illustrated in user interface screen  642 . Thus, a user can flag an electronic mail message for special attention. As an alternative to the flag indicator  642 A (e.g., a dot), the flag indicator may also be a graphical image of a flag. In some embodiments, if the email was previously flagged, activating affordance  640 A causes the flag indicator to be removed from the previously flagged email. Thus, affordance  640 A, when activated, causes the electronic mail message to be flagged for later review. 
     At  FIG.  6 D , in accordance with some embodiments, while displaying user interface screen  640 , the device receives user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with marking as unread the electronic mail message  640 B. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with marking as unread the electronic mail message  640 B, the device replaces display of the third set of one or more affordances  640 A-D with display of the electronic mail message  644 , including an unread indicator  644 A (e.g., display the email with a circle that appears next to the subject line to indicate the email is unread). Thus, affordance  640 B, when activated, causes the previously read email to be marked as unread. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, while displaying user interface screen  640 , the device receives user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with archiving the electronic mail message  640 C. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with archiving the electronic mail message  640 C, the device moves the electronic mail message into an archive folder. Thus, affordance  640 C, when activated, causes the electronic mail message to be archived. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, the device may be linked with a companion device, such as through short-range wireless communication. The companion device may be, for example, a cellular telephone, a laptop, or a tablet. While displaying user interface screen  622 , the device receives user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with opening the electronic mail message  622 C. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with opening the electronic mail message  622 C, the device causes the electronic mail message to be displayed on a linked companion device (e.g., displaying the email message on a phone, tablet, or laptop that has been linked to the electronic device). For example, the device may transmit a wireless instruction to the companion device that includes an indication of the electronic mail message that should be displayed. This allows the user to seamlessly transition from viewing the electronic mail message on the screen of the device to viewing the electronic mail message on the screen of the companion device. Thus, affordance  622 C, when activated, causes the electronic mail message to be displayed on a linked companion device. 
     Returning to the interface for composing a new electronic mail message  616  (e.g., a user interface for entering email recipient, subject, and body) of  FIG.  6 A , in accordance with some embodiments, the interface for composing the new electronic mail message  616  comprises one or more of (1) an affordance associated with adding recipient information to the new electronic mail message  616 A, (2) an affordance associated with adding subject information to the new electronic mail message  616 B, and (3) an affordance associated with adding body information to the new electronic mail message  616 C. Affordance  616 A, when activated, enables the user to add recipient information. Affordance  616 B, when activated, enables the user to add subject information. Affordance  616 C, when activated, enables the user to add body information. In the interface for composing new electronic mail message  616 , affordance  616 D is visible but cannot be activated by the user until the device determines that the new electronic mail message includes at least one recipient, subject text, and body text. Affordance  616 D, when activated, causes the new electronic mail message to be transmitted to the recipient(s). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, while displaying the interface for composing a new electronic mail message  616 , the device receives user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with adding recipient information to the new electronic mail message  616 A. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with adding recipient information to the new electronic mail message  616 A, the device replaces display of the interface for composing the new electronic mail message with display of a fourth set of one or more affordances associated with the new electronic mail message  646 A-C (e.g. for selecting recipient using a recent, dictation, or keyboard affordance), as illustrated in user interface screen  646  of  FIG.  6 E . Thus, affordance  616 A, when activated, enables a user to enter recipient information. 
     At  FIG.  6 E , in accordance with some embodiments, as illustrated in user interface screen  646 , the fourth set of one or more affordances associated with the new electronic mail message  646 A-C includes one or more of (1) an affordance associated with recent contacts  646 A, (2) an affordance associated with dictation  646 B, and (3) an affordance associated with a keyboard  646 C. For example, this allows the user to select from among three methods to select one or more recipients for the new electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, while displaying user interface screen  646 , the device receives user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with recent contacts  646 A. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with recent contacts  646 A, the device replaces display of the fourth set of one or more affordances  646 A-C with display of one or more recent contact affordances  648 A-C (e.g. display a list of contacts recently contacted (incoming and/or outgoing)), as illustrated in user interface screen  648 . Thus, affordance  646 A, when activated, enables a user to select a recipient from among contacts with which the user has recently interacted. In one example, the recent contacts may be limited to a predetermined number of contacts. In one example, the list of contacts may include the last six contacts that have either (1) initiated a communication (e.g., an email, a phone call, a text message) with the user and/or (2) have had a communication (e.g., an email, a phone call, a text message) initiated with by the user. Affordance  648 A is associated with the contact “Mike Smith.” Affordance  648 B is associated with the contact “Jen Jones.” Affordance  648 C is associated with the contact “JT White.” 
     At  FIG.  6 E , in accordance with some embodiments, while displaying user interface screen  648 , the device receives a user input representing a touch associated with a recent contact affordance  648 C of the one or more recent contact affordances  648 A-C. The recent contact affordance  648 C is associated with an email address. For example, the associated email address is the email address of the person or entity identified by the recent contact affordance  648 C. For example, the information associating the contact with the email address may be stored in an electronic address book on the device or accessed remotely from a server over the Internet. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the recent contact affordance, the device adds the email address as recipient information to the new electronic mail message. At the interface for composing a new electronic mail message  654 , the new electronic mail message has been updated to reflect the addition of “JT White” in the field  654 A. Thus, affordance  648 C, when selected, adds a recent contact as a recipient to the new electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, while displaying user interface screen  646 , the device receives user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with dictation  646 B. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with dictation  646 B, the device replaces display of the fourth set of one or more affordances  646 A-C with display of a dictation interface  650  (e.g. enable a microphone of the electronic device and display a graphic waveform based on audio input received at the microphone). For example, the device enables a microphone and enters into a dictation mode for adding a recipient to the new electronic mail message. Cancel affordance  650 A, when activated, causes the device to return to the display of user interface screen  646 . 
     In accordance with some embodiments, the device receives user input representing recipient speech (e.g., the device records audio input of the name of an intended recipient). In response to receiving user input representing recipient speech, the device transcribes the user input representing recipient speech. Transcribing the speech can be done several ways, including: (1) locally, by the electronic device, (2) remotely, where the electronic device transmits (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth) the user input representing speech (or data that is based on the user input representing speech) to a companion device (e.g., a cellular phone or laptop), the companion device locally transcribes the user input, and the electronic device receives the transcribed speech from the companion device, (3) remotely, where the electronic device transmits (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth) the user input representing speech (or data that is based on the user input representing speech) to a server (e.g., a server connected over the Internet), the server transcribes the user input, and the electronic device receives the transcribed speech from the server (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth), or (4) remotely, where the electronic device transmits (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth) the user input representing speech (or data that is based on the user input representing speech) to a companion device (e.g., a cellular phone or laptop), the companion device transmits the user input to a server, the server transcribes the user input, the companion device receives the transcribed speech from the server, and the electronic device receives the transcribed speech from the companion device. The device adds the transcribed recipient speech as recipient information to the new electronic mail message. For example, the transcription can be performed using speech-to-text and/or automatic speech recognition using a virtual assistant. At the interface for composing a new electronic mail message  654 , the new electronic mail message has been updated to reflect the addition of “JT White” in the field  654 A. Thus, the user can provide audio input to select or enter a recipient for the new electronic mail message. 
     An example of a virtual assistant is described in Applicants&#39; U.S. Utility application Ser. No. 12/987,982 for “Intelligent Automated Assistant,” filed Jan. 10, 2011, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, while displaying user interface screen  646 , the device receives user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with the keyboard  646 C. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with the keyboard  646 C, the device replaces display of the fourth set of one or more affordances  646 A-C with display of one or more keys of a keyboard (e.g. display a keyboard that allows user input to enter recipient information), as illustrated in user interface screen  652 . Thus, affordance  646 C, when activated, enables a user to enter recipient information using a displayed virtual keyboard. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, while displaying user interface screen  652 , the device receives user input representing keyboard input using the one or more keys of the keyboard, as illustrated in user interface screen  652 . The user input representing keyboard input is associated with an email address (e.g., the user enters an email address or a name linked to an email address using the keyboard). In response to receiving user input representing the keyboard input, the device adds the email address as recipient information to the new electronic mail message. At the interface for composing a new electronic mail message  654 , the new electronic mail message has been updated to reflect the addition of “JT White” in the field  654 A. Thus, the user can provide keyboard input to select or enter a recipient for the new electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, while displaying the interface for composing a new electronic mail message  654  (e.g., a user interface for entering email recipient, subject, and body), the device receives user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with adding subject information to the new electronic mail message  654 B. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with adding subject information to the new electronic mail message  654 B, the device replaces display of the interface for composing the new electronic mail message  654  with display of a dictation interface  656  (e.g. enable a microphone of the electronic device and display a graphic waveform based on audio input received at the microphone). Thus, affordance  654 B, when activated, enables the user to provide audio input to enter a subject. At user interface screen  656 , cancel affordance  656 A, when activated, causes the device to return to the display of user interface screen  654 . 
     In accordance with some embodiments, the device receives user input representing subject speech. In response to receiving user input representing subject speech, the device transcribes the user input representing subject speech. Transcribing the speech can be done several ways, including: (1) locally, by the electronic device, (2) remotely, where the electronic device transmits (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth) the user input representing speech (or data that is based on the user input representing speech) to a companion device (e.g., a cellular phone or laptop), the companion device locally transcribes the user input, and the electronic device receives the transcribed speech from the companion device, (3) remotely, where the electronic device transmits (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth) the user input representing speech (or data that is based on the user input representing speech) to a server (e.g., a server connected over the Internet), the server transcribes the user input, and the electronic device receives the transcribed speech from the server (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth), or (4) remotely, where the electronic device transmits (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth) the user input representing speech (or data that is based on the user input representing speech) to a companion device (e.g., a cellular phone or laptop), the companion device transmits the user input to a server, the server transcribes the user input, the companion device receives the transcribed speech from the server, and the electronic device receives the transcribed speech from the companion device. The device adds the transcribed subject speech as subject information to the new electronic mail message. At the interface for composing a new electronic mail message  658 , the new electronic mail message has been updated to reflect the addition of “Dinner” in the field  658 A. Thus, the user can enter a subject for the new electronic mail message by speaking the subject. Note that send affordance  658 C is not enabled (and therefore cannot be activated by the user) because the body does not yet include text, as shown by affordance  658 B. 
     At  FIG.  6 F , in accordance with some embodiments, the device receives user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with adding body information to the new electronic mail message  658 B. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with adding body information to the new electronic mail message  658 B, the device replaces display of the interface for composing the new electronic mail message  658  with display of a dictation interface  660  (e.g. enable a microphone of the electronic device and display a graphic waveform based on audio input received at the microphone; automatic speech recognition can happen at the device, at a remote device, or at a remote server). Thus, affordance  658 B, when activated, enables the user to provide audio input to enter body information. At user interface screen  660 , cancel affordance  660 A, when activated, causes the device to return to the display of user interface screen  658 . 
     In accordance with some embodiments, the device receives user input representing body speech. In response to receiving user input representing body speech, the device transcribes the user input representing body speech. Transcribing the speech can be done several ways, including: (1) locally, by the electronic device, (2) remotely, where the electronic device transmits (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth) the user input representing speech (or data that is based on the user input representing speech) to a companion device (e.g., a cellular phone or laptop), the companion device locally transcribes the user input, and the electronic device receives the transcribed speech from the companion device, (3) remotely, where the electronic device transmits (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth) the user input representing speech (or data that is based on the user input representing speech) to a server (e.g., a server connected over the Internet), the server transcribes the user input, and the electronic device receives the transcribed speech from the server (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth), or (4) remotely, where the electronic device transmits (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth) the user input representing speech (or data that is based on the user input representing speech) to a companion device (e.g., a cellular phone or laptop), the companion device transmits the user input to a server, the server transcribes the user input, the companion device receives the transcribed speech from the server, and the electronic device receives the transcribed speech from the companion device. The device adds the transcribed body speech as body information to the new electronic mail message. 
     At  FIG.  6 G , at the interface for composing a new electronic mail message  662 , the new electronic mail message has been updated to reflect the addition of “Hey JT, are you free this weekend to have dinner with us?” in the field  662 A. By scrolling down, the user can see the remainder of the body  664 A, as illustrated in user interface screen  664 . Thus, the user can enter a body for the new electronic mail message by speaking the body text. 
     Note that send affordance  664 B is now enabled (and therefore can be activated by the user) because the new electronic mail message includes recipient information (“JT White”), subject information (“Dinner”), and body information “Hey JT, are you free this weekend to have dinner with us?”. In some embodiments, the device determines whether the new electronic mail message  662  includes recipient information, subject information, and body information. In response to determining that the new electronic mail message  662  includes recipient information, subject information, and body information, displaying an affordance associated with sending the new electronic mail message  664 B (e.g., once the recipient, subject, and body have content, the send affordance becomes enabled and is no longer grayed out). In this example, the “send” text of affordance  664 B is bolded to indicate that it can be activated by the user. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, the device receives user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with sending the new electronic mail message  664 B (e.g., the send affordance). In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with sending the new electronic mail message  664 B, the device transmits the new electronic mail message (e.g., send the email to the recipient using the subject and body entered by the user when the user presses the send button). The new electronic mail message is transmitted to recipients, for example, (1) by direct wireless WiFi communication with a WiFi-enabled router, (2) by direct wireless cellular communication with a cellular base station, or (3) by using a companion device (such as a cellular telephone or laptop) as an intermediary and requesting that the companion device transmit the new electronic mail message to the recipients. In some embodiments, the companion device also includes a user-accessible electronic mail message application and may be configured to access the electronic mail of the user of the electronic device. Thus, in response to detecting activation of the affordance associated with sending the new electronic mail message  664 A, the device transmits the new electronic mail message and, in some embodiments, displays a confirmation user interface screen  666 . 
     Returning to user interface screen  614  of  FIG.  6 A , in accordance with some embodiments, the device receives user input representing a substantially downward swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe down gesture) associated with the list of electronic mail thread objects  614 A-B (e.g., the inbox). For example, the device detects that the user swipes down on the list of electronic mail thread objects  614 A-B to view content that is beyond the top of the list, as illustrated at user interface screen  668  of  FIG.  6 G . In response to receiving user input representing the substantially downward swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe down gesture) associated with the list of electronic mail thread objects  614 A-B (e.g., the inbox), the device displays an affordance for composing a new electronic mail message  670 A, as illustrated in user interface screen  670 . Thus, when the device detects a swipe down gesture at the list of electronic mail threads, an affordance for composing new emails is displayed. In response to receiving activation of affordance  670 A, the device displays, on the display, an interface for composing a new electronic mail message  616  (e.g., a user interface for entering email recipient, subject, and body). 
     At  FIG.  6 H , in accordance with some embodiments, the device receives user input representing a substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with an electronic mail thread object  672 A of the list of electronic mail thread objects  672 A-B (e.g., at a thread of the inbox), as illustrated in user interface screen  672 . In some embodiments, the swipe gesture originates at a bezel of the device. In response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail thread object  672 A of the list of electronic mail thread objects  672 A-B (e.g., at a thread of the inbox), the device displays an affordance for deleting an electronic mail thread associated with the electronic mail thread object  676 A (e.g., deleting the mail thread also removes the mail thread object), as illustrated in user interface screen  676 . For example, electronic mail thread object  672 A slides to the left and partially out of the display to make room for the affordance  676 B, as illustrated in user interface screen  676 . When the user taps on affordance  676 A, the entire email thread associated with affordance  676 A is deleted. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, at  FIG.  6 H , the device receives user input representing a substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail thread object  672 A of the list of electronic mail thread objects  672 A-B (e.g., at a thread of the inbox), as illustrated in user interface screen  672 . In some embodiments, the swipe gesture originates at a bezel of the device. In response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail thread object  672 A of the list of electronic mail thread objects  672 A-B (e.g., at a thread of the inbox), the device determines whether the user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail message object  672 A indicates the swipe gesture exceeds a first threshold (e.g., a partial swipe across the electronic mail message object) or exceeds a second threshold (e.g., a full or 75% swipe across the electronic mail message object). 
     In response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail message object  672 A (e.g., at an email of a thread) and in accordance with a determination that the user input indicates the substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail message object exceeds the first threshold and does not exceed the second threshold, the device displays an affordance for deleting an electronic mail message associated with the electronic mail message object  672 A (e.g., the device displays an affordance for deleting the electronic mail message when the user performs a swipe left gesture across a small portion of the screen). In response to the user tapping on the affordance for deleting the electronic mail message, the electronic mail message is deleted. 
     In response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail message object  672 A (e.g., at an email of a thread) and in accordance with a determination that the user input indicates the substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail message object exceeds the second threshold, the device deletes the electronic mail message associated with the electronic mail message object (e.g., the device deletes the mail message and removes the mail message object without requiring additional confirmation from the user when the user performs a swipe left gesture across a large portion of the screen). 
     At  FIG.  6 I , in accordance with some embodiments, the device receives user input representing a substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with an electronic mail message object  678 A of the list of electronic mail message objects  678 A-B (e.g., at an email of a thread), as illustrated in user interface screen  678 . In response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail message object  678 A of the list of electronic mail message objects  678 A-B (e.g., at an email of a thread), the device displays an affordance for deleting an electronic mail message associated with the electronic mail message object  682 A (e.g., deleting the mail message also removes the mail message object), as illustrated in user interface screen  682 . For example, electronic mail message object  678 A slides to the left and partially off of the display to make room for the affordance  682 A. When the user taps on affordance  682 A, the email associated with affordance  682 A is deleted. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a partial swipe across an electronic mail object displays an affordance for marking the electronic mail and a full swipe across the electronic mail object displays an affordance for deleting the electronic mail. The device receives user input representing a substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with an electronic mail message object  678 A of the list of electronic mail message objects  678 A-B (e.g., at an email of a thread), as illustrated in user interface screen  678 . The device determines whether the user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail message object  678 A indicates the swipe gesture exceeds a first threshold (e.g., a partial swipe across the electronic mail message object) or exceeds a second threshold (e.g., a full or 75% swipe across the electronic mail message object). 
     In response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail message object  678 A (e.g., at an email of a thread) and in accordance with a determination that the user input indicates the substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail message object exceeds the first threshold and does not exceed the second threshold, the device displays an affordance for marking an electronic mail message associated with the electronic mail message object  680 A (e.g., activating the marking affordance causes display of affordances for marking the mail message as unread, junk, and flagged), as illustrated in user interface screen  680 . For example, electronic mail message object  678 A slides to the left and partially off of the display to make room for the affordance  680 A. In response to the user tapping on affordance  680 A, user interface screen  640  is displayed, allowing the user to mark the email associated with affordance  680 A. 
     In response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail message object  678 A (e.g., at an email of a thread) and in accordance with a determination that the user input indicates the substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail message object  682 B exceeds the second threshold, the device displays an affordance for deleting an electronic mail message associated with the electronic mail message object  682 D (e.g., deleting the mail message also removes the mail message object). For example, electronic mail message object  682 A slides to the left and partially off of the display to make room for the affordance  682 B. In response to the user tapping on affordance  682 B, the email associated with affordance  682 B is deleted. 
       FIG.  7    is a flow diagram illustrating method  700  for accessing, composing, and manipulating electronic mail in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, method  700  may be performed at an electronic device with a display (e.g.,  112 ,  340 ,  504 ), a touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,  112 ,  355 ,  504 ), and a rotatable input mechanism (e.g.,  506 ). Some operations in method  700  may be combined, the order of some operations may be changed, and some operations may be omitted. 
     In some embodiments, the touch-sensitive surface is capable of detecting intensity of touch contacts. Exemplary devices that may perform method  700  include devices  100 ,  300 , and  500  ( FIGS.  1 A,  3 , and  5 A ). 
     Method  700  provides an intuitive way to access, compose, and manipulate electronic mail. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when using a device to read, send, or otherwise access or manipulate electronic mail, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated computing devices, enabling a user to access electronic mail faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     At block  702 , an affordance representing an electronic mail application (e.g., an icon among a plurality of icons;  604 ) is displayed on a display, wherein the affordance representing the electronic mail application includes an indication of a number of unread electronic mail messages (e.g., the icon includes the number of unread emails) of the electronic mail application. 
     At block  704 , user input representing movement of the rotatable input mechanism (e.g., user selects the mail app) is received. 
     At block  706 , in response to receiving the user input representing the movement of the rotatable input mechanism, a landing screen (e.g., the screen displayed when the application starts or the screen the application reaches after initialization;  608 ) of the electronic mail application is displayed, wherein the landing screen includes display of an inbox affordance (e.g.,  610 ) and a compose affordance (e.g.,  612 ). In some examples, the inbox affordance and the compose affordance are displayed concurrently. 
     At block  708 , user input associated with the landing screen is received (e.g., the user activates the inbox affordance or the compose affordance; generally, displayed items are associated with user inputs in a contextual manner, such as the user input being received at a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the location of the displayed item on the display to activate the displayed item). 
     At block  710 , it is determined whether the user input associated with the landing screen (e.g.,  608 ) represents a touch associated with the displayed inbox affordance (e.g.,  610 ) or a touch associated with the displayed compose affordance (e.g.,  612 ). 
     At block  712 , in response to receiving the user input associated with the landing screen and in accordance with a determination that the user input associated with the landing screen represents a touch associated with the displayed inbox affordance, a list of electronic mail thread objects is displayed on the display (e.g., an email inbox that displays different email threads;  614 A-B). 
     At block  714 , in response to receiving the user input associated with the landing screen and in accordance with a determination that the user input associated with the landing screen represents a touch associated the displayed compose affordance, an interface for composing a new electronic mail message is displayed on the display (e.g., a user interface for entering email recipient, subject, and body;  616 ). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with an electronic mail thread object of the list of electronic mail thread objects is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with an electronic mail thread object (e.g.,  614 A) of the list of electronic mail thread objects (e.g.,  614 A-B), a list of electronic mail message objects (e.g.,  618 A-B) associated with the electronic mail thread object is displayed on the display. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a substantially horizontal swipe gesture from a bezel of the electronic device (e.g., a swipe right gesture originating at a left bezel) at the list of electronic mail message objects is received. In response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture from the bezel of the electronic device (e.g., a swipe right gesture originating at a left bezel) at the list of electronic mail message objects, replacing display of the list of electronic mail message objects (e.g.,  618 A-B) with the list of electronic mail thread objects (e.g.,  614 A-B). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with an electronic mail message object of the list of electronic mail message objects is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with an electronic mail message object of the list of electronic mail message objects, an electronic mail message (e.g.,  620 A-C) associated with the electronic mail message object (e.g.,  618 A) is displayed on the display. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a substantially horizontal swipe gesture from a bezel of the electronic device (e.g., a swipe right gesture originating at a left bezel) associated with the electronic mail message is received. In response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture from the bezel of the electronic device (e.g., a swipe right gesture originating at a left bezel) associated with the electronic mail message, display of the electronic mail message (e.g.,  620 A-C) is replaced with display of the list of electronic mail message objects (e.g.,  618 A-B). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, the touch-sensitive surface is configured to detect intensity of touches. User input representing a touch on the electronic mail message is received. It is determined whether a characteristic intensity of the touch on the electronic mail message is above an intensity threshold (e.g., intensity may be measured based on pressure or determined based on the size of a touch). In response to receiving the user input representing the touch on the electronic mail message and in accordance with a determination that the characteristic intensity of the touch is above the intensity threshold (e.g., a deep press; intensity may be measured based on pressure or determined based on the size of a touch), a first set of one or more affordances (e.g.,  622 A-D) associated with the electronic mail message (e.g.,  620 A-C) is displayed on the display. A touch below the intensity threshold on electronic mail message will not cause display of the contextual menu with affordances. Instead, for example, a touch below the intensity threshold on electronic mail message may be used to scroll the electronic mail message, such as by touching and swiping up or down. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, displaying the first set of one or more affordances associated with the electronic mail message comprises replacing display of the electronic mail message (e.g.,  620 A-C) with display of the first set of one or more affordances (e.g.,  622 A-D) associated with the electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, the first set of one or more affordances associated with the electronic mail message includes one or more of: an affordance associated with replying to the electronic mail message (e.g.,  622 A), an affordance associated with marking (e.g., marking as unread, junk, flagged;  622 B) the electronic mail message, an affordance associated with opening the electronic mail message on a second device (e.g., a phone, tablet, or computer;  622 C), and a first affordance associated with a cancel action (e.g.,  622 D) associated with the electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with the first affordance associated with the cancel action is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the first affordance associated with the cancel action, display of the first set of one or more affordances (e.g.,  622 A-D) is replaced with display of the electronic mail message (e.g.,  620 A-C). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with replying to the electronic mail message is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with replying to the electronic mail message, display of the first set of one or more affordances (e.g.,  622 A-D) is replaced with a second set of one or more affordances (e.g.,  624 A-D) associated with the electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, the second set of affordances associated with the electronic mail message includes one or more of: an affordance (e.g.,  624 A) associated with replying to the sender of the electronic mail message, an affordance (e.g.,  624 B) associated with replying to all recipients (e.g., sender and any recipients) of the electronic mail message, an affordance (e.g.,  624 C) associated with forwarding the electronic mail message, and a second affordance (e.g.,  624 D) associated with a cancel action associated with the electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with the second affordance associated with the cancel action is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the second affordance associated with the cancel action, display of the second set of one or more affordances (e.g.,  624 A-D) is replaced with display of the first set of one or more affordances (e.g. for replying, marking, opening, and canceling;  622 A-D). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with replying to the sender of the electronic mail message is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance (e.g.,  624 A) associated with replying to the sender of the electronic mail message, display of the second set of one or more affordances (e.g.,  624 A-D) is replaced with display of an interface for replying to the electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with replying to all recipients of the electronic mail message is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance (e.g.,  624 B) associated with replying to all recipients (e.g., sender and any recipients) of the electronic mail message, display of the second set of one or more affordances (e.g.,  624 A-D) is replaced with display of an interface for replying to all recipients of the electronic mail message (e.g.,  630 A-D). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with forwarding the electronic mail message is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with forwarding the electronic mail message, display of the second set of one or more affordances (e.g.,  624 A-D) is replaced with display of an interface for forwarding the electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with marking the electronic mail message is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with marking the electronic mail message, display of the first set of one or more affordances (e.g.,  622 A-D) is replaced with a third set of one or more affordances (e.g.,  640 A-D) associated with the electronic mail message (e.g., flag, mark unread, archive, and cancel affordances). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, the third set of affordances (e.g.,  640 A-D) associated with the electronic mail message includes one or more of: an affordance (e.g.,  640 A) associated with flagging the electronic mail message, an affordance (e.g.,  640 B) associated with marking as unread the electronic mail message, an affordance (e.g.,  640 C) associated with archiving the electronic mail message, and a third affordance (e.g.,  640 D) associated with a cancel action associated with the electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with the third affordance associated with the cancel action is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the third affordance associated with the cancel action, display of the third set of one or more affordances (e.g.,  640 A-D) is replaced with display of the first set of one or more affordances (e.g. for replying, marking, opening, and canceling;  622 A-D). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with flagging the electronic mail message is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with flagging the electronic mail message, display of the third set of one or more affordances (e.g.,  640 A-D) is replaced with display of the electronic mail message, including a flag indicator (e.g., display the email with a dot that appears next to the subject line to indicate the email is flagged;  642 A). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with marking as unread the electronic mail message is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with marking as unread the electronic mail message, display of the third set of one or more affordances (e.g.,  640 A-D) is replaced with display of the electronic mail message, including an unread indicator (e.g., display the email with a circle that appears next to the subject line to indicate the email is unread;  644 A). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with archiving the electronic mail message is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with archiving the electronic mail message, the electronic mail message is moved into an archive folder. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with opening the electronic mail message is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with opening the electronic mail message, causing the electronic mail message to be displayed on a linked companion device (e.g., displaying the email message on a phone, tablet, or laptop that has been linked to the electronic device). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, the interface for composing the new electronic mail message (e.g.,  616 ) comprises one or more of: an affordance (e.g.,  616 A) associated with adding recipient information to the new electronic mail message, an affordance (e.g.,  616 B) associated with adding subject information to the new electronic mail message, and an affordance (e.g.,  616 C) associated with adding body information to the new electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with adding recipient information to the new electronic mail message is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with adding recipient information to the new electronic mail message, display of the interface for composing the new electronic mail message (e.g.,  616 ) is replaced with display of a fourth set of one or more affordances (e.g.,  646 A-C) associated with the new electronic mail message (e.g. for selecting recipient using a recent affordance, dictation affordance, or keyboard affordance). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, the fourth set of one or more affordances (e.g.,  646 A-C) associated with the new electronic mail message includes one or more of: an affordance (e.g.,  646 A) associated with recent contacts, an affordance (e.g.,  646 B) associated with dictation, and an affordance (e.g.,  646 C) associated with a keyboard. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with recent contacts is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with recent contacts, display of the fourth set of one or more affordances (e.g.,  646 A-C) is replaced with display of one or more recent contact affordances (e.g. display a list of contacts recently contacted (incoming or outgoing) and receive a selection of a contact to use as a recipient of the new mail message;  648 A-C). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with a recent contact affordance of the one or more recent contact affordances is received. The recent contact affordance is associated with an email address. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the recent contact affordance, email address is added as recipient information to the new electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with dictation is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with dictation, display of the fourth set of one or more affordances (e.g.,  646 A-C) is replaced with display of a dictation interface (e.g. enable a microphone of the electronic device and display a graphic waveform based on audio input received at the microphone;  650 ). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing recipient speech is received. In response to receiving user input representing recipient speech, the user input representing recipient speech is transcribed. Transcribing the speech can be done several ways, including: (1) locally, by the electronic device, (2) remotely, where the electronic device transmits (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth) the user input representing speech (or data that is based on the user input representing speech) to a companion device (e.g., a cellular phone or laptop), the companion device locally transcribes the user input, and the electronic device receives the transcribed speech from the companion device, (3) remotely, where the electronic device transmits (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth) the user input representing speech (or data that is based on the user input representing speech) to a server (e.g., a server connected over the Internet), the server transcribes the user input, and the electronic device receives the transcribed speech from the server (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth), or (4) remotely, where the electronic device transmits (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth) the user input representing speech (or data that is based on the user input representing speech) to a companion device (e.g., a cellular phone or laptop), the companion device transmits the user input to a server, the server transcribes the user input, the companion device receives the transcribed speech from the server, and the electronic device receives the transcribed speech from the companion device. In response to receiving user input representing recipient speech, the transcribed recipient speech is added as recipient information to the new electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with the keyboard is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with the keyboard, display of the fourth set of one or more affordances (e.g.,  646 A-C) is replaced with display of one or more keys of a keyboard (e.g. display a keyboard that allows user input to enter recipient information;  652 ). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing keyboard input using the one or more keys of the keyboard is received. The user input representing keyboard input is associated with an email address (e.g., the user enters an email address or enters a name linked to an email address using the keyboard). In response to receiving user input representing the keyboard input, the email address is added as recipient information to the new electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with adding subject information to the new electronic mail message is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with adding subject information to the new electronic mail message, display of the interface for composing the new electronic mail message (e.g.,  654 ) is replaced with display of a dictation interface (e.g. enable a microphone of the electronic device and display a graphic waveform based on audio input received at the microphone; automatic speech recognition can happen at the device, at a remote device, or at a remote server;  656 ). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing subject speech is received. In response to receiving user input representing subject speech, the user input representing subject speech is transcribed. Transcribing the speech can be done several ways, including: (1) locally, by the electronic device, (2) remotely, where the electronic device transmits (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth) the user input representing speech (or data that is based on the user input representing speech) to a companion device (e.g., a cellular phone or laptop), the companion device locally transcribes the user input, and the electronic device receives the transcribed speech from the companion device, (3) remotely, where the electronic device transmits (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth) the user input representing speech (or data that is based on the user input representing speech) to a server (e.g., a server connected over the Internet), the server transcribes the user input, and the electronic device receives the transcribed speech from the server (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth), or (4) remotely, where the electronic device transmits (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth) the user input representing speech (or data that is based on the user input representing speech) to a companion device (e.g., a cellular phone or laptop), the companion device transmits the user input to a server, the server transcribes the user input, the companion device receives the transcribed speech from the server, and the electronic device receives the transcribed speech from the companion device. In response to receiving user input representing subject speech, the transcribed subject speech is added as subject information to the new electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with adding body information to the new electronic mail message is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with adding body information to the new electronic mail message, display of the interface for composing the new electronic mail message (e.g.,  658 ) is replaced with display of a dictation interface (e.g. enable a microphone of the electronic device and display a graphic waveform based on audio input received at the microphone; automatic speech recognition can happen at the device, at a remote device, or at a remote server;  660 ). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing body speech is received. In response to receiving user input representing body speech, the user input representing body speech is transcribed. Transcribing the speech can be done several ways, including: (1) locally, by the electronic device, (2) remotely, where the electronic device transmits (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth) the user input representing speech (or data that is based on the user input representing speech) to a companion device (e.g., a cellular phone or laptop), the companion device locally transcribes the user input, and the electronic device receives the transcribed speech from the companion device, (3) remotely, where the electronic device transmits (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth) the user input representing speech (or data that is based on the user input representing speech) to a server (e.g., a server connected over the Internet), the server transcribes the user input, and the electronic device receives the transcribed speech from the server (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth), or (4) remotely, where the electronic device transmits (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth) the user input representing speech (or data that is based on the user input representing speech) to a companion device (e.g., a cellular phone or laptop), the companion device transmits the user input to a server, the server transcribes the user input, the companion device receives the transcribed speech from the server, and the electronic device receives the transcribed speech from the companion device. In response to receiving user input representing body speech, the transcribed body speech is added as body information to the new electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, it is determined whether the new electronic mail message includes recipient information, subject information, and body information. In response to determining that the new electronic mail message includes recipient information, subject information, and body information, an affordance (e.g.,  664 B) associated with sending the new electronic mail message is displayed. In other examples, in response, the affordance (e.g.,  664 B) associated with sending the new electronic mail message is visually updated and/or becomes activatable. (e.g., once the recipient, subject, and body have content, the send button becomes enabled and is no longer grayed out). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with sending the new electronic mail message is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with sending the new electronic mail message, the new electronic mail message is transmitted (e.g., send the email to the recipient using the subject and body entered by the user when the user presses the send button; the new electronic mail message is transmitted to recipients, for example, (1) by direct wireless WiFi communication with a WiFi-enabled router, (2) by direct wireless cellular communication with a cellular base station, or (3) by using a companion device (such as a cellular telephone or laptop) as an intermediary and requesting that the companion device transmit the new electronic mail message. The companion device also includes a user-accessible electronic mail message application and may be configured for accessing the electronic mail of the user of the electronic device). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a substantially downward swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe down gesture) associated with the list of electronic mail thread objects (e.g., the inbox;  614 A-B) is received. In response to receiving user input representing the substantially downward swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe down gesture) associated with the list of electronic mail thread objects (e.g., the inbox), an affordance (e.g.,  670 A) for composing a new electronic mail message is displayed. Thus, when the device detects a swipe down gesture at the list of electronic mail threads, an affordance (e.g.,  670 A) for composing new emails is displayed. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with an electronic mail thread object of the list of electronic mail thread objects (e.g., at a thread of the inbox) is received. In response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail thread object of the list of electronic mail thread objects (e.g., at a thread of the inbox), an affordance (e.g.,  676 A) for deleting an electronic mail thread associated with the electronic mail thread object is displayed (e.g., deleting the mail thread also removes the mail thread object). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with an electronic mail message object of the list of electronic mail message objects (e.g., at an email of a thread) is received. In response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail message object of the list of electronic mail message objects (e.g., at an email of a thread), an affordance (e.g.,  682 A) for deleting an electronic mail message associated with the electronic mail message object is displayed (e.g., deleting the mail message also removes the mail message object). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with an electronic mail message object of the list of electronic mail message objects (e.g., at an email of a thread) is received. It is determined whether the user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail message object indicates the swipe gesture exceeds a first threshold (e.g., a partial swipe across the electronic mail message object) or exceeds a second threshold (e.g., a full or 75% swipe across the electronic mail message object). In response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail message object (e.g., at an email of a thread) and in accordance with a determination that the user input indicates the substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail message object exceeds the first threshold and does not exceed the second threshold, an affordance (e.g.,  680 A) for marking an electronic mail message associated with the electronic mail message object (e.g., activating the marking affordance causes display of affordances for marking the mail message as unread, junk, and flagged) is displayed. In response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail message object (e.g., at an email of a thread) and in accordance with a determination that the user input indicates the substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail message object exceeds the second threshold, an affordance (e.g.,  682 A) for deleting an electronic mail message associated with the electronic mail message object is displayed (e.g., deleting the mail message also removes the mail message object). 
     Note that details of the processes described above with respect to method  700  ( FIG.  7   ) are also applicable in an analogous manner to the methods described below. For example, method  1000  ( FIG.  10   ) may include one or more of the characteristics of the various methods described above with reference to method  700 . For brevity, these details are not repeated below. 
     It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in  FIG.  7    have been described is exemplary and not intended to indicate that the described order is the only order in which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to reorder the operations described herein, as well as excluding certain operations. For brevity, these details are not repeated here. Additionally, it should be noted that aspects of method  700  ( FIG.  7   ), method  800  ( FIG.  8   ), and method  1000  ( FIG.  10   ) may be incorporated with one another. Thus, the techniques described with respect to method  700  may be relevant to method  800  and  1000 . 
       FIG.  8    is a flow diagram illustrating process  800  for accessing, composing, and manipulating electronic mail in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, method  800  may be performed at an electronic device with a display (e.g.,  112 ,  340 ,  504 ), a touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,  112 ,  355 ,  504 ), and a rotatable input mechanism (e.g.,  506 ). Some operations in method  800  may be combined, the order of some operations may be changed, and some operations may be omitted. 
     In some embodiments, the touch-sensitive surface is capable of detecting intensity of touch contacts. Exemplary devices that may perform process  800  include devices  100 ,  300 , and  500  ( FIGS.  1 ,  3 , and  5   ). 
     At block  802 , an affordance representing an electronic mail application (e.g., an icon among a plurality of icons) is displayed on a display, wherein the affordance representing the electronic mail application includes an indication of a number of unread electronic mail messages (e.g., the icon includes the number of unread emails) of the electronic mail application. 
     At block  804 , user input representing movement of the rotatable input mechanism (e.g., user selects the mail app) is received. 
     At block  806 , in response to receiving the user input representing the movement of the rotatable input mechanism, a landing screen (e.g., the screen displayed when the application starts or the screen the application reaches after initialization) of the electronic mail application is displayed, wherein the landing screen includes display of an inbox affordance and a compose affordance (e.g., the inbox affordance and the compose affordance are displayed concurrently). 
     At block  808 , user input associated with the landing screen is received (e.g., the user activates the inbox affordance or the compose affordance; generally, displayed items are associated with user inputs in a contextual manner, such as the user input being received at a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the location of the displayed item on the display to activate the displayed item). 
     At block  810 , it is determined whether the user input associated with the landing screen represents a touch associated with the displayed inbox affordance or a touch associated with the displayed compose affordance. 
     At block  812 , in response to receiving the user input associated with the landing screen and in accordance with a determination that the user input associated with the landing screen represents a touch associated with the displayed inbox affordance, a list of electronic mail thread objects is displayed on the display (e.g., an email inbox that displays different email threads). 
     At block  814 , in response to receiving the user input associated with the landing screen and in accordance with a determination that the user input associated with the landing screen represents a touch associated the displayed compose affordance, an interface for composing a new electronic mail message is displayed on the display (e.g., a user interface for entering email recipient, subject, and body). 
       FIGS.  9 A- 9 I  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for accessing, composing, and manipulating electronic mail using an electronic device. In some embodiments, the electronic device is device  500 . The electronic device has a display (e.g.,  112 ,  340 ,  504 ), a touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,  112 ,  355 ,  504 ), and a rotatable input mechanism (e.g.,  506 ). In  FIG.  9 A , user interface screen  902  displays multiple affordances (e.g., a plurality of icons). Each affordance is associated with a software application such that when an affordance is activated by a user, the application associated with the activated affordance is displayed on the display of the electronic device. User interface screen  902  includes an affordance representing an electronic mail application  904  (e.g., an icon among the plurality of icons). The device receives user input representing movement of the rotatable input mechanism (e.g., the user rotates the rotatable input mechanism in a first direction). In response to receiving the user input representing movement of the rotatable input mechanism, the device displays user interface screen  906 , which includes an enlarged view of the affordance representing the electronic mail application  904 . 
     In  FIG.  9 A , the affordance representing the electronic mail application  904  on user interface screen  906  includes an indication of a number of unread electronic mail messages (e.g., the icon includes the number of unread emails) of the electronic mail application. In this example, the affordance representing the electronic mail application  904  indicates that the electronic mail application includes four unread electronic mail messages (e.g., “4 unread emails”). The device receives user input representing movement of the rotatable input mechanism (e.g., rotation of the rotatable input mechanism in the first direction while the affordance representing the electronic mail application  904  is substantially in the center of the display; the user activates the electronic mail application). In response to receiving the user input representing the movement of the rotatable input mechanism, the device displays a list of electronic mail thread objects  914 A-B, including electronic mail thread objects  914 A and  914 B (e.g., the device displays an email inbox that includes different email threads). In some examples, if the user rotates the rotatable input mechanism in a second direction (e.g., opposite to the first direction) while at user interface screen  906 , the device does not display the list of electronic mail thread objects (e.g., the inbox;  914 A-B) in response to the rotation in the second direction. 
     Alternatively, rather than receiving user input representing movement of the rotatable input mechanism, the device receives user input associated with the affordance representing the electronic mail application  904  (e.g., the user activates the affordance  904  by touching the affordance  904 ). In response to receiving the user input associated with the affordance representing the electronic mail application  904 , the device displays a list of electronic mail thread objects  914 A-B, including electronic mail thread objects  914 A and  914 B (e.g., the device displays an email inbox that includes different email threads). 
     The device receives user input representing a substantially downward swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe down gesture) associated with the list of electronic mail thread objects  914 A-B (e.g., the inbox). For example, the device detects that the user swipes down on the list of electronic mail thread objects  914 A-B to view content that is beyond the top of the list, as illustrated at user interface screen  968  of  FIG.  9 A . In response to receiving user input representing the substantially downward swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe down gesture) associated with the list of electronic mail thread objects  914 A-B (e.g., the inbox), the device displays an affordance for composing a new electronic mail message  970 A, as illustrated in user interface screen  970 . Thus, when the device detects a swipe down gesture at the list of electronic mail threads, an affordance for composing new emails is displayed. 
     At  FIG.  9 A , at user interface screen  914 , the list of electronic mail thread objects  914 A-B includes electronic mail thread objects  914 A and  914 B. An electronic mail thread object (e.g.,  914 A and  914 B) may include one or more of: all or a portion of the name of the individual who sent an email associated with the electronic mail thread object (e.g., “JT” and “Mom” in object  914 A), all or a portion of the subject of an email associated with the electronic mail thread object (e.g., “Christmas in SF” in object  914 A), all or a portion of the body of the email associated with the electronic mail thread object (e.g., “Hi everyone!” in object  914 A), and the day and/or time stamp of an email associated with the electronic mail thread object (e.g., “3:02 PM” in object  914 A). In some embodiments, the user can swipe up or down on the list of electronic mail thread objects  914 A-B to scroll through the list of electronic mail thread objects  914 A-B. In some embodiments, the user can rotate the rotatable input mechanism to scroll through the list of electronic mail thread objects  914 A-B. Rotating the rotatable input mechanism in a first direction causes the list to scroll up. Rotating the rotatable input mechanism in a second direction causes the list to scroll down. The first direction is different than the second direction. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, the device receives user input representing a touch associated with the affordance (e.g., the affordance displayed at the top of the list of electronic mail thread objects) for composing a new electronic mail message  970 A. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance (e.g., the affordance displayed at the top of the list of electronic mail thread objects) for composing a new electronic mail message  970 A, the device displays an interface for composing a new electronic mail message  916  (e.g., a user interface for entering email recipient, subject, and body). Generally, a user can activate an affordance or object by using a finger tap on the displayed affordance or object. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, displaying the interface for composing a new electronic mail message  916  comprises replacing display of the list of electronic mail thread objects  914 A-B with display of the interface for composing a new electronic mail message  916 . 
     Returning to user interface screen  914 , the user can access multiple features of the electronic mail application. In accordance with some embodiments, the device receives user input representing a touch associated with an electronic mail thread object  914 A of the list of electronic mail thread objects  914 A-B. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with an electronic mail thread object  914 A of the list of electronic mail thread objects  914 A-B, the device displays, on the display, a list of electronic mail message objects  918 A-B associated with the electronic mail thread object  914 A. Thus, object  914 A, when activated, causes display of a list of electronic mail message objects  918 A-B. 
     At  FIG.  9 B , the list of electronic mail message objects  918 A-B includes electronic mail message objects  918 A and  918 B. An electronic mail message object (e.g.,  918 A and  918 B) may include one or more of: all or a portion of the name of the individual who sent the email associated with the electronic mail message object (e.g., “JT White” in object  918 A), all or a portion of the subject of the email associated with the electronic mail message object (e.g., “Re: Christmas . . . ” in object  918 A), all or a portion of the body of the email associated with the electronic mail message object (e.g., “Hi everyone!” in object  918 A), and the day and/or time stamp of the email associated with the electronic mail message object (e.g., “3:02 PM” in object  918 A). In some embodiments, the user can swipe up or down to scroll the list of electronic mail message objects  918 A-B. In some embodiments, the user can rotate the rotatable input mechanism to scroll through the list of electronic mail thread objects  918 A-B. Rotating the rotatable input mechanism in a first direction causes the list to scroll up. Rotating the rotatable input mechanism in a second direction causes the list to scroll down. The first direction is different than the second direction. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, while displaying user interface screen  918  the device receives user input representing a substantially horizontal swipe gesture from a bezel of the electronic device (e.g., a swipe right gesture originating at a left bezel) at the list of electronic mail message objects  918 A-B, as illustrated at user interface screen  926 . In response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture from the bezel of the electronic device (e.g., a swipe right gesture originating at a left bezel) at the list of electronic mail message objects  918 A-B, the device replaces display of the list of electronic mail message objects  918 A-B with the list of electronic mail thread objects  914 A-B, as illustrated in user interface  914 . 
     In accordance with some embodiments, while displaying user interface screen  918 , the device receives user input representing a touch associated with an electronic mail message object  918 A of the list of electronic mail message objects  918 A-B (e.g., the user taps on object  918 A). In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with an electronic mail message object  918 A of the list of electronic mail message objects  918 A-B, the device displays, on the display, an electronic mail message associated with the electronic mail message object, as illustrated in user interface screen  920 . The electronic mail message  920 A-C of user interface screen  920  may include the names of the sender and recipient(s)  920 A, a subject  920 B, and a body  920 C. Thus, the electronic mail message object, when activated, causes display of an electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, while displaying user interface screen  920  the device receives user input representing a substantially horizontal swipe gesture from a bezel of the electronic device (e.g., a swipe right gesture originating at a left bezel) associated with the electronic mail message  920 A-C, as illustrated at user interface screen  928 . In response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture from the bezel of the electronic device (e.g., a swipe right gesture originating at a left bezel) associated with the electronic mail message  920 A-C, the device replaces display of the electronic mail message  920 A-C with the list of electronic mail message objects  918 A-B, as illustrated in user interface screen  918 . 
     In accordance with some embodiments, the touch-sensitive surface of the device is configured to detect intensity of touches. While displaying user interface screen  920 , the device receives user input representing a touch on the electronic mail message  920 A-C. The device determines whether a characteristic intensity of the touch on the electronic mail message  920 A-C is above an intensity threshold (e.g., intensity may be measured based on pressure or determined based on the size of a touch). In response to receiving the user input representing the touch on the electronic mail message  920 A-C and in accordance with a determination that the characteristic intensity of the touch is above the intensity threshold (e.g., a deep press; intensity may be measured based on pressure or determined based on the size of a touch), the device displays, on the display, a first set of one or more affordances  922 A-D associated with the electronic mail message  920 A-C, as illustrated in user interface screen  922 . Thus, electronic mail message  920 A-C, when activated with a touch above the intensity threshold, causes display of a contextual menu with affordances. A touch below the intensity threshold on electronic mail message  920 A-C will not cause display of the contextual menu with affordances. Instead, for example, a touch below the intensity threshold on electronic mail message  920 A-C may be used to scroll the electronic mail message  920 A-C, such as by touching and swiping up or down. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, displaying the first set of one or more affordances  922 A-D associated with the electronic mail message comprises replacing display of the electronic mail message  920 A-C with display of the first set of one or more affordances  922 A-D associated with the electronic mail message  920 A-C. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, as illustrated in user interface screen  922 , the first set of one or more affordances  922 A-D associated with the electronic mail message  920 A-C includes one or more of (1) an affordance associated with replying to the electronic mail message  922 A, (2) an affordance associated with marking (e.g., marking as unread, junk, flagged) the electronic mail message  922 B, (3) an affordance associated with opening the electronic mail message on a second device (e.g., a phone, tablet, or computer)  922 C, and (4) a first affordance associated with a cancel action associated with the electronic mail message  922 D. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, while displaying user interface screen  922 , the device receives user input representing a touch associated with the first affordance associated with the cancel action  922 D. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the first affordance associated with the cancel action  922 D, the device replaces display of the first set of one or more affordances  922 A-D with display of the electronic mail message  920 A-C, as illustrated in user interface screen  920 . Thus, a user can cancel out of user interface screen  922  and return to user interface screen  920  by activating the first affordance associated with the cancel action  922 D by, for example, tapping on the first affordance associated with the cancel action  922 D. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, while displaying user interface screen  922 , the device receives user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with replying to the electronic mail message  922 A. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with replying to the electronic mail message  922 A, the device replaces display of the first set of one or more affordances  922 A-D with a second set of one or more affordances associated with the electronic mail message  924 A-D, as illustrated in user interface screen  924 . Thus, affordance  922 A, when activated, causes display of the second set of one or more affordances  924 A-D. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, as illustrated in user interface screen  924 , the second set of affordances associated with the electronic mail message  924 A-D includes one or more of (1) an affordance associated with replying to the sender of the electronic mail message  924 A, (2) an affordance associated with replying to all recipients (e.g., sender and any recipients) of the electronic mail message  924 B, (3) an affordance associated with forwarding the electronic mail message  924 C, and (4) a second affordance associated with a cancel action associated with the electronic mail message  924 D. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, while displaying user interface screen  924 , the device receives user input representing a touch associated with the second affordance associated with the cancel action  924 D. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the second affordance associated with the cancel action  924 D, the device replaces display of the second set of one or more affordances  924 A-D with display of the first set of one or more affordances  922 A-D (e.g. for replying, marking, opening, and canceling), as illustrated in user interface screen  922 . Thus, a user can cancel out of user interface screen  924  and return to user interface screen  922  by activating the second affordance associated with the cancel action  924 D. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, while displaying user interface screen  924 , the device receives user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with replying to the sender of the electronic mail message  924 A. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with replying to the sender of the electronic mail message  924 A, the device replaces display of the second set of one or more affordances  924 A-D with display of an interface for replying to the electronic mail message. The interface for replying to the electronic mail message auto-populates the recipient of a new electronic mail message based on the sender of the electronic mail message being replied to. Thus, affordance  924 A, when activated, causes display of the interface for replying to the electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, while displaying user interface screen  924 , the device receives user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with replying to all recipients of the electronic mail message  924 B. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with replying to all recipients (e.g., sender and any recipients) of the electronic mail message  924 B, the device replaces display of the second set of one or more affordances  924 A-D with display of an interface for replying to all recipients of the electronic mail message  930 A-D, as illustrated in user interface screen  930 . The interface for replying to all recipients of the electronic mail message auto-populates the recipient of a new electronic mail message based on the sender of the electronic mail message being replied to and all recipients of the electronic mail message being replied to, other than the user. Thus, affordance  924 B, when activated, causes display of the interface for replying to all recipients of the electronic mail message  930 . 
     In accordance with some embodiments, at user interface  930 , the user can modify the recipients, modify the subject, or modify the body of the reply electronic mail message. When the device receives user input associated with affordance  930 A, the device displays a user interface screen for adding and/or removing recipients. When the device receives user input associated with affordance  930 B, the device displays a user interface screen for changing the subject. For example, the device enables a microphone and enters into a dictation mode for changing the subject. When the device receives user input associated with affordance  930 C, the device displays a user interface screen for adding text to the body, as illustrated in user interface screen  932 . For example, the device enables a microphone and enters into a dictation mode for adding text to the body. Cancel affordance  932 A, when activated, causes the device to return to the display of user interface screen  930 . 
     At  FIG.  9 C , in accordance with some embodiments, in response to a change in the recipient, subject, or body of the reply electronic mail message, the device determines whether the reply electronic mail message includes recipient information, subject information, and body information (e.g., whether all the fields are populated). In response to determining that the reply electronic mail message includes recipient information, subject information, and body information, the device displays an affordance associated with sending the new electronic mail message  934 A (e.g., once the recipient, subject, and body have content, a send affordance becomes enabled and is no longer grayed out), as illustrated in user interface  934 . In response to detecting activation of the affordance associated with sending the new electronic mail message  934 A, the device transmits the reply electronic mail message and displays a confirmation user interface screen  936 . 
     At  FIG.  9 B , in accordance with some embodiments, while displaying user interface screen  924 , the device receives user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with forwarding the electronic mail message  924 C. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with forwarding the electronic mail message  924 C, the device replaces display of the second set of one or more affordances  924 A-D with display of an interface for forwarding the electronic mail message. The interface for forwarding the electronic mail message does not auto-populate the recipient of a new electronic mail message. However, the subject is auto-populated and is based the subject of the electronic mail message being forwarded. Thus, affordance  924 C, when activated, causes display of an interface for forwarding the electronic mail message. 
     At  FIG.  9 B , in accordance with some embodiments, while displaying user interface screen  922 , the device receives user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with marking the electronic mail message  922 B. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with marking the electronic mail message  922 B, the device replaces display of the first set of one or more affordances  922 A-D with a third set of one or more affordances associated with the electronic mail message  940 A-D (e.g., flag, mark unread, archive, and cancel affordances), as illustrated in user interface screen  940 . Thus, affordance  922 B, when activated, causes display of affordances for marking the electronic mail message. 
     At  FIG.  9 D , in accordance with some embodiments, as illustrated in user interface screen  940 , the third set of affordances associated with the electronic mail message  940 A-D includes one or more of (1) an affordance associated with flagging the electronic mail message  940 A, (2) an affordance associated with marking as unread the electronic mail message  940 B, (3) an affordance associated with archiving the electronic mail message  940 C, and (4) a third affordance associated with a cancel action associated with the electronic mail message  940 D. 
     At  FIG.  9 D , in accordance with some embodiments, while displaying user interface screen  940 , the device receives user input representing a touch associated with the third affordance associated with the cancel action  940 D. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the third affordance associated with the cancel action  940 D, the device replaces display of the third set of one or more affordances  940 A-D with display of the first set of one or more affordances  922 A-D (e.g. for replying, marking, opening, and canceling), as illustrated in user interface screen  922 . Thus, a user can cancel out of user interface screen  940  and return to user interface screen  922  by activating the third affordance associated with the cancel action  940 D. 
     At  FIG.  9 D , in accordance with some embodiments, while displaying user interface screen  940 , the device receives user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with flagging the electronic mail message  940 A. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with flagging the electronic mail message  940 A, the device replaces display of the third set of one or more affordances  940 A-D with display of the electronic mail message, including a flag indicator  942 A (e.g., display the email with a dot that appears next to the subject line to indicate the email is flagged), as illustrated in user interface screen  942 . Thus, a user can flag an electronic mail message for special attention. As an alternative to the flag indicator  942 A (e.g., a dot), the flag indicator may also be a graphical image of a flag. In some embodiments, if the email was previously flagged, activating affordance  940 A causes the flag indicator to be removed from the previously flagged email. Thus, affordance  940 A, when activated, causes the electronic mail message to be flagged for later review. 
     At  FIG.  9 D , in accordance with some embodiments, while displaying user interface screen  940 , the device receives user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with marking as unread the electronic mail message  940 B. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with marking as unread the electronic mail message  940 B, the device replaces display of the third set of one or more affordances  940 A-D with display of the electronic mail message  944 , including an unread indicator  944 A (e.g., display the email with a circle that appears next to the subject line to indicate the email is unread). Thus, affordance  940 B, when activated, causes the previously read email to be marked as unread. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, while displaying user interface screen  940 , the device receives user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with archiving the electronic mail message  940 C. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with archiving the electronic mail message  940 C, the device moves the electronic mail message into an archive folder. Thus, affordance  940 C, when activated, causes the electronic mail message to be archived. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, the device may be linked with a companion device, such as through short-range wireless communication. The companion device may be, for example, a cellular telephone, a laptop, or a tablet. While displaying user interface screen  922 , the device receives user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with opening the electronic mail message  922 C. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with opening the electronic mail message  922 C, the device causes the electronic mail message to be displayed on a linked companion device (e.g., displaying the email message on a phone, tablet, or laptop that has been linked to the electronic device). For example, the device may transmit a wireless instruction to the companion device that includes an indication of the electronic mail message that should be displayed. This allows the user to seamlessly transition from viewing the electronic mail message on the screen of the device to viewing the electronic mail message on the screen of the companion device. Thus, affordance  922 C, when activated, causes the electronic mail message to be displayed on a linked companion device. 
     Returning to the interface for composing a new electronic mail message  916  (e.g., a user interface for entering email recipient, subject, and body) of  FIG.  9 A , in accordance with some embodiments, the interface for composing the new electronic mail message  916  comprises one or more of (1) an affordance associated with adding recipient information to the new electronic mail message  916 A, (2) an affordance associated with adding subject information to the new electronic mail message  916 B, and (3) an affordance associated with adding body information to the new electronic mail message  916 C. Affordance  916 A, when activated, enables the user to add recipient information. Affordance  916 B, when activated, enables the user to add subject information. Affordance  916 C, when activated, enables the user to add body information. In the interface for composing new electronic mail message  916 , affordance  916 D is visible but cannot be activated by the user until the device determines that the new electronic mail message includes at least one recipient, subject text, and body text. Affordance  916 D, when activated, causes the new electronic mail message to be transmitted to the recipient(s). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, while displaying the interface for composing a new electronic mail message  916 , the device receives user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with adding recipient information to the new electronic mail message  916 A. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with adding recipient information to the new electronic mail message  916 A, the device replaces display of the interface for composing the new electronic mail message with display of a fourth set of one or more affordances associated with the new electronic mail message  946 A-C (e.g. for selecting recipient using a recent, dictation, or keyboard affordance), as illustrated in user interface screen  946  of  FIG.  9 E . Thus, affordance  916 A, when activated, enables a user to enter recipient information. 
     At  FIG.  9 E , in accordance with some embodiments, as illustrated in user interface screen  946 , the fourth set of one or more affordances associated with the new electronic mail message  946 A-C includes one or more of (1) an affordance associated with recent contacts  946 A, (2) an affordance associated with dictation  946 B, and (3) an affordance associated with a keyboard  946 C. For example, this allows the user to select from among three methods to select one or more recipients for the new electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, while displaying user interface screen  946 , the device receives user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with recent contacts  946 A. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with recent contacts  946 A, the device replaces display of the fourth set of one or more affordances  946 A-C with display of one or more recent contact affordances  948 A-C (e.g. display a list of contacts recently contacted (incoming and/or outgoing)), as illustrated in user interface screen  948 . Thus, affordance  946 A, when activated, enables a user to select a recipient from among contacts with which the user has recently interacted. In one example, the recent contacts may be limited to a predetermined number of contacts. In one example, the list of contacts may include the last six contacts that have either (1) initiated a communication (e.g., an email, a phone call, a text message) with the user and/or (2) have had a communication (e.g., an email, a phone call, a text message) initiated with by the user. Affordance  948 A is associated with the contact “Mike Smith.” Affordance  948 B is associated with the contact “Jen Jones.” Affordance  948 C is associated with the contact “JT White.” 
     At  FIG.  9 E , in accordance with some embodiments, while displaying user interface screen  948 , the device receives a user input representing a touch associated with a recent contact affordance  948 C of the one or more recent contact affordances  948 A-C. The recent contact affordance  948 C is associated with an email address. For example, the associated email address is the email address of the person or entity identified by the recent contact affordance  948 C. For example, the information associating the contact with the email address may be stored in an electronic address book on the device or accessed remotely from a server over the Internet. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the recent contact affordance, the device adds the email address as recipient information to the new electronic mail message. At the interface for composing a new electronic mail message  954 , the new electronic mail message has been updated to reflect the addition of “JT White” in the field  954 A. Thus, affordance  948 C, when selected, adds a recent contact as a recipient to the new electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, while displaying user interface screen  946 , the device receives user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with dictation  946 B. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with dictation  946 B, the device replaces display of the fourth set of one or more affordances  946 A-C with display of a dictation interface  950  (e.g. enable a microphone of the electronic device and display a graphic waveform based on audio input received at the microphone). For example, the device enables a microphone and enters into a dictation mode for adding a recipient to the new electronic mail message. Cancel affordance  950 A, when activated, causes the device to return to the display of user interface screen  946 . 
     In accordance with some embodiments, the device receives user input representing recipient speech (e.g., the device records audio input of the name of an intended recipient). In response to receiving user input representing recipient speech, the device transcribes the user input representing recipient speech. Transcribing the speech can be done several ways, including: (1) locally, by the electronic device, (2) remotely, where the electronic device transmits (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth) the user input representing speech (or data that is based on the user input representing speech) to a companion device (e.g., a cellular phone or laptop), the companion device locally transcribes the user input, and the electronic device receives the transcribed speech from the companion device, (3) remotely, where the electronic device transmits (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth) the user input representing speech (or data that is based on the user input representing speech) to a server (e.g., a server connected over the Internet), the server transcribes the user input, and the electronic device receives the transcribed speech from the server (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth), or (4) remotely, where the electronic device transmits (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth) the user input representing speech (or data that is based on the user input representing speech) to a companion device (e.g., a cellular phone or laptop), the companion device transmits the user input to a server, the server transcribes the user input, the companion device receives the transcribed speech from the server, and the electronic device receives the transcribed speech from the companion device. The device adds the transcribed recipient speech as recipient information to the new electronic mail message. For example, the transcription can be performed using speech-to-text and/or automatic speech recognition using a virtual assistant. At the interface for composing a new electronic mail message  954 , the new electronic mail message has been updated to reflect the addition of “JT White” in the field  954 A. Thus, the user can provide audio input to select or enter a recipient for the new electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, while displaying user interface screen  946 , the device receives user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with the keyboard  946 C. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with the keyboard  946 C, the device replaces display of the fourth set of one or more affordances  946 A-C with display of one or more keys of a keyboard (e.g. display a keyboard that allows user input to enter recipient information), as illustrated in user interface screen  952 . Thus, affordance  946 C, when activated, enables a user to enter recipient information using a displayed virtual keyboard. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, while displaying user interface screen  952 , the device receives user input representing keyboard input using the one or more keys of the keyboard, as illustrated in user interface screen  952 . The user input representing keyboard input is associated with an email address (e.g., the user enters an email address or a name linked to an email address using the keyboard). In response to receiving user input representing the keyboard input, the device adds the email address as recipient information to the new electronic mail message. At the interface for composing a new electronic mail message  954 , the new electronic mail message has been updated to reflect the addition of “JT White” in the field  954 A. Thus, the user can provide keyboard input to select or enter a recipient for the new electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, while displaying the interface for composing a new electronic mail message  954  (e.g., a user interface for entering email recipient, subject, and body), the device receives user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with adding subject information to the new electronic mail message  954 B. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with adding subject information to the new electronic mail message  954 B, the device replaces display of the interface for composing the new electronic mail message  954  with display of a dictation interface  956  (e.g. enable a microphone of the electronic device and display a graphic waveform based on audio input received at the microphone). Thus, affordance  954 B, when activated, enables the user to provide audio input to enter a subject. At user interface screen  956 , cancel affordance  956 A, when activated, causes the device to return to the display of user interface screen  954 . 
     In accordance with some embodiments, the device receives user input representing subject speech. In response to receiving user input representing subject speech, the device transcribes the user input representing subject speech. Transcribing the speech can be done several ways, including: (1) locally, by the electronic device, (2) remotely, where the electronic device transmits (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth) the user input representing speech (or data that is based on the user input representing speech) to a companion device (e.g., a cellular phone or laptop), the companion device locally transcribes the user input, and the electronic device receives the transcribed speech from the companion device, (3) remotely, where the electronic device transmits (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth) the user input representing speech (or data that is based on the user input representing speech) to a server (e.g., a server connected over the Internet), the server transcribes the user input, and the electronic device receives the transcribed speech from the server (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth), or (4) remotely, where the electronic device transmits (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth) the user input representing speech (or data that is based on the user input representing speech) to a companion device (e.g., a cellular phone or laptop), the companion device transmits the user input to a server, the server transcribes the user input, the companion device receives the transcribed speech from the server, and the electronic device receives the transcribed speech from the companion device. The device adds the transcribed subject speech as subject information to the new electronic mail message. At the interface for composing a new electronic mail message  958 , the new electronic mail message has been updated to reflect the addition of “Dinner” in the field  958 A. Thus, the user can enter a subject for the new electronic mail message by speaking the subject. Note that send affordance  958 C is not enabled (and therefore cannot be activated by the user) because the body does not yet include text, as shown by affordance  958 B. 
     At  FIG.  9 F , in accordance with some embodiments, the device receives user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with adding body information to the new electronic mail message  958 B. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with adding body information to the new electronic mail message  958 B, the device replaces display of the interface for composing the new electronic mail message  958  with display of a dictation interface  960  (e.g. enable a microphone of the electronic device and display a graphic waveform based on audio input received at the microphone; automatic speech recognition can happen at the device, at a remote device, or at a remote server). Thus, affordance  958 B, when activated, enables the user to provide audio input to enter body information. At user interface screen  960 , cancel affordance  960 A, when activated, causes the device to return to the display of user interface screen  958 . 
     In accordance with some embodiments, the device receives user input representing body speech. In response to receiving user input representing body speech, the device transcribes the user input representing body speech. Transcribing the speech can be done several ways, including: (1) locally, by the electronic device, (2) remotely, where the electronic device transmits (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth) the user input representing speech (or data that is based on the user input representing speech) to a companion device (e.g., a cellular phone or laptop), the companion device locally transcribes the user input, and the electronic device receives the transcribed speech from the companion device, (3) remotely, where the electronic device transmits (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth) the user input representing speech (or data that is based on the user input representing speech) to a server (e.g., a server connected over the Internet), the server transcribes the user input, and the electronic device receives the transcribed speech from the server (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth), or (4) remotely, where the electronic device transmits (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth) the user input representing speech (or data that is based on the user input representing speech) to a companion device (e.g., a cellular phone or laptop), the companion device transmits the user input to a server, the server transcribes the user input, the companion device receives the transcribed speech from the server, and the electronic device receives the transcribed speech from the companion device. The device adds the transcribed body speech as body information to the new electronic mail message. 
     At  FIG.  9 G , at the interface for composing a new electronic mail message  962 , the new electronic mail message has been updated to reflect the addition of “Hey JT, are you free this weekend to have dinner with us?” in the field  962 A. By scrolling down (e.g., using a swipe gesture), the user can see the remainder of the body  964 A, as illustrated in user interface screen  964 . Thus, the user can enter a body for the new electronic mail message by speaking the body text. 
     Note that send affordance  964 B is now enabled (and therefore can be activated by the user) because the new electronic mail message includes recipient information (“JT White”), subject information (“Dinner”), and body information “Hey JT, are you free this weekend to have dinner with us?”. In some embodiments, the device determines whether the new electronic mail message  962  includes recipient information, subject information, and body information. In response to determining that the new electronic mail message  962  includes recipient information, subject information, and body information, displaying an affordance associated with sending the new electronic mail message  964 B (e.g., once the recipient, subject, and body have content, the send affordance becomes enabled and is no longer grayed out). In this example, the “send” text of affordance  964 B is bolded to indicate that it can be activated by the user. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, the device receives user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with sending the new electronic mail message  964 B (e.g., the send affordance). In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with sending the new electronic mail message  964 B, the device transmits the new electronic mail message (e.g., send the email to the recipient using the subject and body entered by the user when the user presses the send button). The new electronic mail message is transmitted to recipients, for example, (1) by direct wireless WiFi communication with a WiFi-enabled router, (2) by direct wireless cellular communication with a cellular base station, or (3) by using a companion device (such as a cellular telephone or laptop) as an intermediary and requesting that the companion device transmit the new electronic mail message to the recipients. In some embodiments, the companion device also includes a user-accessible electronic mail message application and may be configured to access the electronic mail of the user of the electronic device. Thus, in response to detecting activation of the affordance associated with sending the new electronic mail message  964 A, the device transmits the new electronic mail message and, in some embodiments, displays a confirmation user interface screen  966 . 
     At  FIG.  9 H , in accordance with some embodiments, the device receives user input representing a substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with an electronic mail thread object  972 A of the list of electronic mail thread objects  972 A-B (e.g., at a thread of the inbox), as illustrated in user interface screen  972 . In some embodiments, the swipe gesture originates at a bezel of the device. In response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail thread object  972 A of the list of electronic mail thread objects  972 A-B (e.g., at a thread of the inbox), the device displays an affordance for deleting an electronic mail thread associated with the electronic mail thread object  976 A (e.g., deleting the mail thread also removes the mail thread object), as illustrated in user interface screen  976 . For example, electronic mail thread object  972 A slides to the left and partially out of the display to make room for the affordance  976 B, as illustrated in user interface screen  976 . When the user taps on affordance  976 A, the entire email thread associated with affordance  976 A is deleted. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, at  FIG.  9 H , the device receives user input representing a substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail thread object  972 A of the list of electronic mail thread objects  972 A-B (e.g., at a thread of the inbox), as illustrated in user interface screen  972 . In some embodiments, the swipe gesture originates at a bezel of the device. In response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail thread object  972 A of the list of electronic mail thread objects  972 A-B (e.g., at a thread of the inbox), the device determines whether the user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail message object  972 A indicates the swipe gesture exceeds a first threshold (e.g., a partial swipe across the electronic mail message object) or exceeds a second threshold (e.g., a full or 75% swipe across the electronic mail message object). 
     In response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail message object  972 A (e.g., at an email of a thread) and in accordance with a determination that the user input indicates the substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail message object exceeds the first threshold and does not exceed the second threshold, the device displays an affordance for deleting an electronic mail message associated with the electronic mail message object  972 A (e.g., the device displays an affordance for deleting the electronic mail message when the user performs a swipe left gesture across a small portion of the screen). In response to the user tapping on the affordance for deleting the electronic mail message, the electronic mail message is deleted. 
     In response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail message object  972 A (e.g., at an email of a thread) and in accordance with a determination that the user input indicates the substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail message object exceeds the second threshold, the device deletes the electronic mail message associated with the electronic mail message object (e.g., the device deletes the mail message and removes the mail message object without requiring additional confirmation from the user when the user performs a swipe left gesture across a large portion of the screen). 
     At  FIG.  9 I , in accordance with some embodiments, the device receives user input representing a substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with an electronic mail message object  978 A of the list of electronic mail message objects  978 A-B (e.g., at an email of a thread), as illustrated in user interface screen  978 . In response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail message object  978 A of the list of electronic mail message objects  978 A-B (e.g., at an email of a thread), the device displays an affordance for deleting an electronic mail message associated with the electronic mail message object  982 A (e.g., deleting the mail message also removes the mail message object), as illustrated in user interface screen  982 . For example, electronic mail message object  978 A slides to the left and partially off of the display to make room for the affordance  982 A. When the user taps on affordance  982 A, the email associated with affordance  982 A is deleted. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a partial swipe across an electronic mail object displays an affordance for marking the electronic mail and a full swipe across the electronic mail object displays an affordance for deleting the electronic mail. The device receives user input representing a substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with an electronic mail message object  978 A of the list of electronic mail message objects  978 A-B (e.g., at an email of a thread), as illustrated in user interface screen  978 . The device determines whether the user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail message object  978 A indicates the swipe gesture exceeds a first threshold (e.g., a partial swipe across the electronic mail message object) or exceeds a second threshold (e.g., a full or 75% swipe across the electronic mail message object). 
     In response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail message object  978 A (e.g., at an email of a thread) and in accordance with a determination that the user input indicates the substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail message object exceeds the first threshold and does not exceed the second threshold, the device displays an affordance for marking an electronic mail message associated with the electronic mail message object  980 A (e.g., activating the marking affordance causes display of affordances for marking the mail message as unread, junk, and flagged), as illustrated in user interface screen  980 . For example, electronic mail message object  978 A slides to the left and partially off of the display to make room for the affordance  980 A. In response to the user tapping on affordance  980 A, user interface screen  940  is displayed, allowing the user to mark the email associated with affordance  980 A. 
     In response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail message object  978 A (e.g., at an email of a thread) and in accordance with a determination that the user input indicates the substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail message object  982 B exceeds the second threshold, the device displays an affordance for deleting an electronic mail message associated with the electronic mail message object  982 D (e.g., deleting the mail message also removes the mail message object). For example, electronic mail message object  982 A slides to the left and partially off of the display to make room for the affordance  982 B. In response to the user tapping on affordance  982 B, the email associated with affordance  982 B is deleted. 
       FIG.  10    is a flow diagram illustrating method  1000  for accessing, composing, and manipulating electronic mail in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, method  1000  may be performed at an electronic device with a display (e.g.,  112 ,  340 ,  504 ), a touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,  112 ,  355 ,  504 ), and a rotatable input mechanism (e.g.,  506 ). Some operations in method  1000  may be combined, the order of some operations may be changed, and some operations may be omitted. 
     In some embodiments, the touch-sensitive surface is capable of detecting intensity of touch contacts. Exemplary devices that may perform method  1000  include devices  100 ,  300 , and  500  ( FIGS.  1 A,  3 , and  5 A ). 
     Method  1000  provides an intuitive way to access, compose, and manipulate electronic mail. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when using a device to read, send, or otherwise access or manipulate electronic mail, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated computing devices, enabling a user to access electronic mail faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     At block  1002 , an affordance representing an electronic mail application (e.g., an icon among a plurality of icons;  904 ) is displayed on a display, wherein the affordance representing the electronic mail application includes an indication of a number of unread electronic mail messages (e.g., the icon includes the number of unread emails) of the electronic mail application. 
     At block  1004 , user input representing movement of the rotatable input mechanism (e.g., user selects the mail app) is received. 
     At block  1006 , in response to receiving the user input representing the movement of the rotatable input mechanism, displaying a list of electronic mail thread objects (e.g., the inbox;  914 A-B) is displayed. 
     At block  1008 , user input representing a swipe down gesture associated with the list of electronic mail thread objects (e.g., the inbox;  914 A-B) is received. 
     At block  1010 , in response to receiving the user input representing the swipe down gesture (e.g., a swipe down gesture) associated with the list of electronic mail thread objects (e.g., the inbox;  914 A-B), an affordance (e.g., at the top of the list of electronic mail thread objects;  970 A) for composing a new electronic mail message is displayed. 
     At block  1010 , in some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with the affordance (e.g., the affordance displayed at the top of the list of electronic mail thread objects;  970 A) for composing a new electronic mail message is received. 
     At block  1014 , in some embodiments, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance (e.g., the affordance displayed at the top of the list of electronic mail thread objects;  970 A) for composing a new electronic mail message, an interface for composing a new electronic mail message (e.g., a user interface for entering email recipient, subject, and body;  916 ) is displayed. 
     In some embodiments, displaying the interface for composing a new electronic mail message (e.g.,  970 A) comprises replacing display of the list of electronic mail thread objects (e.g.,  914 A-B) with display of the interface for composing a new electronic mail message (e.g.,  970 A). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with an electronic mail thread object of the list of electronic mail thread objects is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with an electronic mail thread object (e.g.,  914 A) of the list of electronic mail thread objects (e.g.,  914 A-B), a list of electronic mail message objects (e.g.,  918 A-B) associated with the electronic mail thread object is displayed on the display. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a substantially horizontal swipe gesture from a bezel of the electronic device (e.g., a swipe right gesture originating at a left bezel) at the list of electronic mail message objects is received. In response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture from the bezel of the electronic device (e.g., a swipe right gesture originating at a left bezel) at the list of electronic mail message objects, replacing display of the list of electronic mail message objects (e.g.,  918 A-B) with the list of electronic mail thread objects (e.g.,  914 A-B). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with an electronic mail message object of the list of electronic mail message objects is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with an electronic mail message object of the list of electronic mail message objects, an electronic mail message (e.g.,  920 A-C) associated with the electronic mail message object (e.g.,  918 A) is displayed on the display. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a substantially horizontal swipe gesture from a bezel of the electronic device (e.g., a swipe right gesture originating at a left bezel) associated with the electronic mail message is received. In response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture from the bezel of the electronic device (e.g., a swipe right gesture originating at a left bezel) associated with the electronic mail message, display of the electronic mail message (e.g.,  920 A-C) is replaced with display of the list of electronic mail message objects (e.g.,  918 A-B). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, the touch-sensitive surface is configured to detect intensity of touches. User input representing a touch on the electronic mail message is received. It is determined whether a characteristic intensity of the touch on the electronic mail message is above an intensity threshold (e.g., intensity may be measured based on pressure or determined based on the size of a touch). In response to receiving the user input representing the touch on the electronic mail message and in accordance with a determination that the characteristic intensity of the touch is above the intensity threshold (e.g., a deep press; intensity may be measured based on pressure or determined based on the size of a touch), a first set of one or more affordances (e.g.,  922 A-D) associated with the electronic mail message (e.g.,  920 A-C) is displayed on the display. A touch below the intensity threshold on electronic mail message will not cause display of the contextual menu with affordances. Instead, for example, a touch below the intensity threshold on electronic mail message may be used to scroll the electronic mail message, such as by touching and swiping up or down. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, displaying the first set of one or more affordances associated with the electronic mail message comprises replacing display of the electronic mail message (e.g.,  920 A-C) with display of the first set of one or more affordances (e.g.,  922 A-D) associated with the electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, the first set of one or more affordances associated with the electronic mail message includes one or more of: an affordance associated with replying to the electronic mail message (e.g.,  922 A), an affordance associated with marking (e.g., marking as unread, junk, flagged;  922 B) the electronic mail message, an affordance associated with opening the electronic mail message on a second device (e.g., a phone, tablet, or computer;  922 C), and a first affordance associated with a cancel action (e.g.,  922 D) associated with the electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with the first affordance associated with the cancel action is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the first affordance associated with the cancel action, display of the first set of one or more affordances (e.g.,  922 A-D) is replaced with display of the electronic mail message (e.g.,  920 A-C). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with replying to the electronic mail message is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with replying to the electronic mail message, display of the first set of one or more affordances (e.g.,  922 A-D) is replaced with a second set of one or more affordances (e.g.,  924 A-D) associated with the electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, the second set of affordances associated with the electronic mail message includes one or more of: an affordance (e.g.,  924 A) associated with replying to the sender of the electronic mail message, an affordance (e.g.,  924 B) associated with replying to all recipients (e.g., sender and any recipients) of the electronic mail message, an affordance (e.g.,  924 C) associated with forwarding the electronic mail message, and a second affordance (e.g.,  924 D) associated with a cancel action associated with the electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with the second affordance associated with the cancel action is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the second affordance associated with the cancel action, display of the second set of one or more affordances (e.g.,  924 A-D) is replaced with display of the first set of one or more affordances (e.g. for replying, marking, opening, and canceling;  922 A-D). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with replying to the sender of the electronic mail message is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance (e.g.,  924 A) associated with replying to the sender of the electronic mail message, display of the second set of one or more affordances (e.g.,  924 A-D) is replaced with display of an interface for replying to the electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with replying to all recipients of the electronic mail message is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance (e.g.,  924 B) associated with replying to all recipients (e.g., sender and any recipients) of the electronic mail message, display of the second set of one or more affordances (e.g.,  924 A-D) is replaced with display of an interface for replying to all recipients of the electronic mail message (e.g.,  930 A-D). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with forwarding the electronic mail message is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with forwarding the electronic mail message, display of the second set of one or more affordances (e.g.,  924 A-D) is replaced with display of an interface for forwarding the electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with marking the electronic mail message is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with marking the electronic mail message, display of the first set of one or more affordances (e.g.,  922 A-D) is replaced with a third set of one or more affordances (e.g.,  940 A-D) associated with the electronic mail message (e.g., flag, mark unread, archive, and cancel affordances). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, the third set of affordances (e.g.,  940 A-D) associated with the electronic mail message includes one or more of: an affordance (e.g.,  940 A) associated with flagging the electronic mail message, an affordance (e.g.,  940 B) associated with marking as unread the electronic mail message, an affordance (e.g.,  940 C) associated with archiving the electronic mail message, and a third affordance (e.g.,  940 D) associated with a cancel action associated with the electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with the third affordance associated with the cancel action is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the third affordance associated with the cancel action, display of the third set of one or more affordances (e.g.,  940 A-D) is replaced with display of the first set of one or more affordances (e.g. for replying, marking, opening, and canceling;  922 A-D). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with flagging the electronic mail message is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with flagging the electronic mail message, display of the third set of one or more affordances (e.g.,  940 A-D) is replaced with display of the electronic mail message, including a flag indicator (e.g., display the email with a dot that appears next to the subject line to indicate the email is flagged;  942 A). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with marking as unread the electronic mail message is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with marking as unread the electronic mail message, display of the third set of one or more affordances (e.g.,  940 A-D) is replaced with display of the electronic mail message, including an unread indicator (e.g., display the email with a circle that appears next to the subject line to indicate the email is unread;  944 A). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with archiving the electronic mail message is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with archiving the electronic mail message, the electronic mail message is moved into an archive folder. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with opening the electronic mail message is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with opening the electronic mail message, causing the electronic mail message to be displayed on a linked companion device (e.g., displaying the email message on a phone, tablet, or laptop that has been linked to the electronic device). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, the interface for composing the new electronic mail message (e.g.,  916 ) comprises one or more of: an affordance (e.g.,  916 A) associated with adding recipient information to the new electronic mail message, an affordance (e.g.,  916 B) associated with adding subject information to the new electronic mail message, and an affordance (e.g.,  916 C) associated with adding body information to the new electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with adding recipient information to the new electronic mail message is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with adding recipient information to the new electronic mail message, display of the interface for composing the new electronic mail message (e.g.,  916 ) is replaced with display of a fourth set of one or more affordances (e.g.,  946 A-C) associated with the new electronic mail message (e.g. for selecting recipient using a recent affordance, dictation affordance, or keyboard affordance). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, the fourth set of one or more affordances (e.g.,  946 A-C) associated with the new electronic mail message includes one or more of: an affordance (e.g.,  946 A) associated with recent contacts, an affordance (e.g.,  946 B) associated with dictation, and an affordance (e.g.,  946 C) associated with a keyboard. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with recent contacts is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with recent contacts, display of the fourth set of one or more affordances (e.g.,  946 A-C) is replaced with display of one or more recent contact affordances (e.g. display a list of contacts recently contacted (incoming or outgoing) and receive a selection of a contact to use as a recipient of the new mail message;  948 A-C). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with a recent contact affordance of the one or more recent contact affordances is received. The recent contact affordance is associated with an email address. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the recent contact affordance, email address is added as recipient information to the new electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with dictation is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with dictation, display of the fourth set of one or more affordances (e.g.,  946 A-C) is replaced with display of a dictation interface (e.g. enable a microphone of the electronic device and display a graphic waveform based on audio input received at the microphone;  950 ). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing recipient speech is received. In response to receiving user input representing recipient speech, the user input representing recipient speech is transcribed. Transcribing the speech can be done several ways, including: (1) locally, by the electronic device, (2) remotely, where the electronic device transmits (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth) the user input representing speech (or data that is based on the user input representing speech) to a companion device (e.g., a cellular phone or laptop), the companion device locally transcribes the user input, and the electronic device receives the transcribed speech from the companion device, (3) remotely, where the electronic device transmits (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth) the user input representing speech (or data that is based on the user input representing speech) to a server (e.g., a server connected over the Internet), the server transcribes the user input, and the electronic device receives the transcribed speech from the server (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth), or (4) remotely, where the electronic device transmits (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth) the user input representing speech (or data that is based on the user input representing speech) to a companion device (e.g., a cellular phone or laptop), the companion device transmits the user input to a server, the server transcribes the user input, the companion device receives the transcribed speech from the server, and the electronic device receives the transcribed speech from the companion device. In response to receiving user input representing recipient speech, the transcribed recipient speech is added as recipient information to the new electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with the keyboard is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with the keyboard, display of the fourth set of one or more affordances (e.g.,  946 A-C) is replaced with display of one or more keys of a keyboard (e.g. display a keyboard that allows user input to enter recipient information;  952 ). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing keyboard input using the one or more keys of the keyboard is received. The user input representing keyboard input is associated with an email address (e.g., the user enters an email address or enters a name linked to an email address using the keyboard). In response to receiving user input representing the keyboard input, the email address is added as recipient information to the new electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with adding subject information to the new electronic mail message is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with adding subject information to the new electronic mail message, display of the interface for composing the new electronic mail message (e.g.,  954 ) is replaced with display of a dictation interface (e.g. enable a microphone of the electronic device and display a graphic waveform based on audio input received at the microphone; automatic speech recognition can happen at the device, at a remote device, or at a remote server;  956 ). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing subject speech is received. In response to receiving user input representing subject speech, the user input representing subject speech is transcribed. Transcribing the speech can be done several ways, including: (1) locally, by the electronic device, (2) remotely, where the electronic device transmits (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth) the user input representing speech (or data that is based on the user input representing speech) to a companion device (e.g., a cellular phone or laptop), the companion device locally transcribes the user input, and the electronic device receives the transcribed speech from the companion device, (3) remotely, where the electronic device transmits (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth) the user input representing speech (or data that is based on the user input representing speech) to a server (e.g., a server connected over the Internet), the server transcribes the user input, and the electronic device receives the transcribed speech from the server (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth), or (4) remotely, where the electronic device transmits (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth) the user input representing speech (or data that is based on the user input representing speech) to a companion device (e.g., a cellular phone or laptop), the companion device transmits the user input to a server, the server transcribes the user input, the companion device receives the transcribed speech from the server, and the electronic device receives the transcribed speech from the companion device. In response to receiving user input representing subject speech, the transcribed subject speech is added as subject information to the new electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with adding body information to the new electronic mail message is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with adding body information to the new electronic mail message, display of the interface for composing the new electronic mail message (e.g.,  958 ) is replaced with display of a dictation interface (e.g. enable a microphone of the electronic device and display a graphic waveform based on audio input received at the microphone; automatic speech recognition can happen at the device, at a remote device, or at a remote server;  960 ). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing body speech is received. In response to receiving user input representing body speech, the user input representing body speech is transcribed. Transcribing the speech can be done several ways, including: (1) locally, by the electronic device, (2) remotely, where the electronic device transmits (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth) the user input representing speech (or data that is based on the user input representing speech) to a companion device (e.g., a cellular phone or laptop), the companion device locally transcribes the user input, and the electronic device receives the transcribed speech from the companion device, (3) remotely, where the electronic device transmits (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth) the user input representing speech (or data that is based on the user input representing speech) to a server (e.g., a server connected over the Internet), the server transcribes the user input, and the electronic device receives the transcribed speech from the server (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth), or (4) remotely, where the electronic device transmits (e.g., via WiFi or Bluetooth) the user input representing speech (or data that is based on the user input representing speech) to a companion device (e.g., a cellular phone or laptop), the companion device transmits the user input to a server, the server transcribes the user input, the companion device receives the transcribed speech from the server, and the electronic device receives the transcribed speech from the companion device. In response to receiving user input representing body speech, the transcribed body speech is added as body information to the new electronic mail message. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, it is determined whether the new electronic mail message includes recipient information, subject information, and body information. In response to determining that the new electronic mail message includes recipient information, subject information, and body information, an affordance (e.g.,  964 B) associated with sending the new electronic mail message is displayed. In other examples, in response, the affordance (e.g.,  964 B) associated with sending the new electronic mail message is visually updated and/or becomes activatable. (e.g., once the recipient, subject, and body have content, the send button becomes enabled and is no longer grayed out). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with sending the new electronic mail message is received. In response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with sending the new electronic mail message, the new electronic mail message is transmitted (e.g., send the email to the recipient using the subject and body entered by the user when the user presses the send button; the new electronic mail message is transmitted to recipients, for example, (1) by direct wireless WiFi communication with a WiFi-enabled router, (2) by direct wireless cellular communication with a cellular base station, or (3) by using a companion device (such as a cellular telephone or laptop) as an intermediary and requesting that the companion device transmit the new electronic mail message. The companion device also includes a user-accessible electronic mail message application and may be configured for accessing the electronic mail of the user of the electronic device). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with an electronic mail thread object of the list of electronic mail thread objects (e.g., at a thread of the inbox) is received. In response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail thread object of the list of electronic mail thread objects (e.g., at a thread of the inbox), an affordance (e.g.,  976 A) for deleting an electronic mail thread associated with the electronic mail thread object is displayed (e.g., deleting the mail thread also removes the mail thread object). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with an electronic mail message object of the list of electronic mail message objects (e.g., at an email of a thread) is received. In response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail message object of the list of electronic mail message objects (e.g., at an email of a thread), an affordance (e.g.,  982 A) for deleting an electronic mail message associated with the electronic mail message object is displayed (e.g., deleting the mail message also removes the mail message object). 
     In accordance with some embodiments, user input representing a substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with an electronic mail message object of the list of electronic mail message objects (e.g., at an email of a thread) is received. It is determined whether the user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail message object indicates the swipe gesture exceeds a first threshold (e.g., a partial swipe across the electronic mail message object) or exceeds a second threshold (e.g., a full or 75% swipe across the electronic mail message object). In response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail message object (e.g., at an email of a thread) and in accordance with a determination that the user input indicates the substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail message object exceeds the first threshold and does not exceed the second threshold, an affordance (e.g.,  980 A) for marking an electronic mail message associated with the electronic mail message object (e.g., activating the marking affordance causes display of affordances for marking the mail message as unread, junk, and flagged) is displayed. In response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail message object (e.g., at an email of a thread) and in accordance with a determination that the user input indicates the substantially horizontal swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe left gesture) associated with the electronic mail message object exceeds the second threshold, an affordance (e.g.,  982 A) for deleting an electronic mail message associated with the electronic mail message object is displayed (e.g., deleting the mail message also removes the mail message object). 
     Note that details of the processes described above with respect to method  1000  ( FIG.  10   ) are also applicable in an analogous manner to the methods described above. For example, method  700  ( FIG.  10   ) may include one or more of the characteristics of the various methods described above with reference to method  1000 . For brevity, these details are not repeated below. 
     It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in  FIG.  10    have been described is exemplary and not intended to indicate that the described order is the only order in which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to reorder the operations described herein, as well as excluding certain operations. For brevity, these details are not repeated here. Additionally, it should be noted that aspects of method  700  ( FIG.  7   ), method  800  ( FIG.  8   ), and method  1000  ( FIG.  10   ) may be incorporated with one another. Thus, the techniques described with respect to method  1000  may be relevant to method  700  and  800 . 
     The operations in the electronic mail access and manipulation methods described above may be implemented by running one or more functional modules in an information processing apparatus such as general purpose processors or application specific chips. These modules, combinations of these modules, and/or their combination with general hardware (e.g., as described above with respect to  FIGS.  1 A,  1 B,  3 ,  5 A, and  5 B ) are all included within the scope of protection. 
       FIG.  11    shows exemplary functional blocks of an electronic device  1100  that, in some embodiments, perform the features described above. As shown in  FIG.  11   , an electronic device  1100  includes a display unit  1102  configured to display graphical objects; a touch-sensitive surface unit  1104  configured to receive user gestures (e.g., touches); one or more RF units  1106  configured to detect and communicate with external electronic devices; and a processing unit  1108  coupled to display unit  1102 , touch-sensitive surface unit  1104 , and RF units  1106 . In some embodiments, the processing unit  1108  includes a display enabling unit  1110 , a receiving unit  1112 , and a determining unit  1114 . The units of  FIG.  11    may be used to implement the various techniques and methods described above with respect to  FIGS.  6 - 10   . 
     For example, the display enabling unit  1110  can be used for: displaying, on the display, an affordance representing an electronic mail application; in response to receiving the user input associated with the landing screen and in accordance with a determination that the user input associated with the landing screen represents a touch associated with the displayed inbox affordance, displaying, on the display, a list of electronic mail thread objects; in response to receiving the user input associated with the landing screen and in accordance with a determination that the user input associated with the landing screen represents a touch associated the displayed compose affordance, displaying, on the display, an interface for composing a new electronic mail message; in response to receiving the user input representing the movement of the rotatable input mechanism, displaying a list of electronic mail thread objects; and in response to receiving the user input representing the swipe down gesture associated with the list of electronic mail thread objects, displaying an affordance for composing a new electronic mail message. 
     For example, the receiving unit  1112  can be used for: receiving user input representing movement of the rotatable input mechanism; receiving user input associated with the landing screen; and receiving user input representing a swipe down gesture associated with the list of electronic mail thread objects. 
     For example, the determining unit  1114  can be used for determining whether the user input associated with the landing screen represents a touch associated with the displayed inbox affordance or a touch associated with the displayed compose affordance. 
     The functional blocks of the device  1100  are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of the various described examples. It is understood by persons of skill in the art that the functional blocks described in  FIG.  11    are, optionally, combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of the various described examples. Therefore, the description herein optionally supports any possible combination or separation or further definition of the functional blocks described herein. 
     In accordance with some embodiments,  FIG.  12    shows an exemplary functional block diagram of an electronic device  1200  configured in accordance with the principles of the various described embodiments. In accordance with some embodiments, the functional blocks of electronic device  1200  are configured to perform the techniques described above. The functional blocks of the device  1200  are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of the various described examples. It is understood by persons of skill in the art that the functional blocks described in  FIG.  12    are, optionally, combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of the various described examples. Therefore, the description herein optionally supports any possible combination or separation or further definition of the functional blocks described herein. 
     As shown in  FIG.  12   , an electronic device  1200  includes a display unit  1202  configured to display a graphic user interface, a touch-sensitive surface unit  1204  configured to receive contacts, a rotatable input mechanism unit  1206  configured to receive user input, and a processing unit  1208  coupled to the display unit  1202 , the touch-sensitive surface unit  1204 , and the rotatable input mechanism unit  1206 . In some embodiments, the processing unit  1208  includes a display enabling unit  1210 , a receiving unit  1212 , a determining unit  1214 , a content adding unit  1216 , a display replace enabling unit  1218 , a transcribing unit  1220 , a causing unit  1222 , a transmitting unit  1224 , and a content moving unit  1226 . 
     The processing unit  1208  is configured to enable display (e.g., using a display enabling unit  1210 ) of an affordance representing an electronic mail application, wherein the affordance representing the electronic mail application includes an indication of a number of unread electronic mail messages of the electronic mail application. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to receive (e.g., using a receiving unit) user input representing movement of the rotatable input mechanism unit, and in response to receiving the user input representing the movement of the rotatable input mechanism unit, enable display of (e.g., using a display enabling unit) a landing screen of the electronic mail application, wherein the landing screen includes display of an inbox affordance and a compose affordance. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to receive (e.g., using a receiving unit  1212 ) user input associated with the landing screen. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to determine (e.g., using a determining unit  1214 ) whether the user input associated with the landing screen represents a touch associated with the displayed inbox affordance or a touch associated with the displayed compose affordance. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to, in response to receiving the user input associated with the landing screen and in accordance with a determination that the user input associated with the landing screen represents a touch associated with the displayed inbox affordance, enable display (e.g., using the display enabling unit  1210 ) on the display unit, a list of electronic mail thread objects. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to, in response to receiving the user input associated with the landing screen and in accordance with a determination that the user input associated with the landing screen represents a touch associated the displayed compose affordance, enable display (e.g., using the display enabling unit  1210 ) on the display unit, an interface for composing a new electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1208  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1212 ) user input representing a touch associated with an electronic mail thread object of the list of electronic mail thread objects. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with an electronic mail thread object of the list of electronic mail thread objects, enable display (e.g., using the display enabling unit  1210 ) on the display unit  1202 , a list of electronic mail message objects associated with the electronic mail thread object. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1208  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1212 ) user input representing a substantially horizontal swipe gesture from a bezel of the electronic device at the list of electronic mail message objects. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture from the bezel of the electronic device at the list of electronic mail message objects, replace display (e.g., using the display replace enabling unit  1218 ) of the list of electronic mail message objects with the list of electronic mail thread objects. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1208  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1212 ) user input representing a touch associated with an electronic mail message object of the list of electronic mail message objects. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with an electronic mail message object of the list of electronic mail message objects, enable display (e.g., using the display enabling unit  1210 ) on the display unit  1202 , an electronic mail message associated with the electronic mail message object. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1208  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1212 ) user input representing a substantially horizontal swipe gesture from a bezel of the electronic device associated with the electronic mail message. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture from the bezel of the electronic device associated with the electronic mail message, replace display (e.g., using the display replace enabling unit  1218 ) of the electronic mail message with the list of electronic mail message objects. 
     In some embodiments, the touch-sensitive surface unit  1204  is configured to detect intensity of touches. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1212 ) user input representing a touch on the electronic mail message. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to determine (e.g., using a determining unit  1214 ) whether a characteristic intensity of the touch on the electronic mail message is above an intensity threshold. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to, in response to receiving the user input representing the touch on the electronic mail message and in accordance with a determination that the characteristic intensity of the touch is above the intensity threshold, enable display (e.g., using the display enabling unit  1210 ) on the display unit  1202 , a first set of one or more affordances associated with the electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1208  is further configured to enable display (e.g., using the display enabling unit  1210 ) of the first set of one or more affordances associated with the electronic mail message. In some embodiments, the processing unit is further configured to: replace display (e.g., using the display replace enabling unit  1218 ) of the electronic mail message with display of the first set of one or more affordances associated with the electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the first set of one or more affordances associated with the electronic mail message includes one or more of: an affordance associated with replying to the electronic mail message, an affordance associated with marking the electronic mail message, an affordance associated with opening the electronic mail message on a second device, and a first affordance associated with a cancel action associated with the electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1208  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1212 ) user input representing a touch associated with the first affordance associated with the cancel action. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the first affordance associated with the cancel action, replace display (e.g., using the display replace enabling unit  1218 ) of the first set of one or more affordances with display of the electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1208  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1212 ) user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with replying to the electronic mail message. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with replying to the electronic mail message, replace display (e.g., using the display replace enabling unit  1218 ) of the first set of one or more affordances with a second set of one or more affordances associated with the electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the second set of affordances associated with the electronic mail message includes one or more of: an affordance associated with replying to the sender of the electronic mail message, an affordance associated with replying to all recipients of the electronic mail message, an affordance associated with forwarding the electronic mail message, and a second affordance associated with a cancel action associated with the electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1208  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1212 ) user input representing a touch associated with the second affordance associated with the cancel action. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the second affordance associated with the cancel action, replace display (e.g., using the display replace enabling unit  1218 ) of the second set of one or more affordances with display of the first set of one or more affordances. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1208  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1212 ) user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with replying to the sender of the electronic mail message. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with replying to the sender of the electronic mail message, replace display (e.g., using the display replace enabling unit  1218 ) of the second set of one or more affordances with display of an interface for replying to the electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1208  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1212 ) user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with replying to all recipients of the electronic mail message. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with replying to all recipients of the electronic mail message, replace display (e.g., using the display replace enabling unit  1218 ) of the second set of one or more affordances with display of an interface for replying to all recipients of the electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1208  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1212 ) user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with forwarding the electronic mail message. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with forwarding the electronic mail message, replace display (e.g., using the display replace enabling unit  1218 ) of the second set of one or more affordances with display of an interface for forwarding the electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1208  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1212 ) user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with marking the electronic mail message. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with marking the electronic mail message, replace display (e.g., using the display replace enabling unit  1218 ) of the first set of one or more affordances with a third set of one or more affordances associated with the electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the third set of affordances associated with the electronic mail message includes one or more of: an affordance associated with flagging the electronic mail message, an affordance associated with marking as unread the electronic mail message, an affordance associated with archiving the electronic mail message, and a third affordance associated with a cancel action associated with the electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1208  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1212 ) user input representing a touch associated with the third affordance associated with the cancel action. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the third affordance associated with the cancel action, replace display (e.g., using the display replace enabling unit  1218 ) of the third set of one or more affordances with display of the first set of one or more affordances. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1208  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1212 ) user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with flagging the electronic mail message. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with flagging the electronic mail message, replace display (e.g., using the display replace enabling unit  1218 ) of the third set of one or more affordances with display of the electronic mail message, including a flag indicator. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1208  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1212 ) user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with marking as unread the electronic mail message. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with marking as unread the electronic mail message, replace display (e.g., using the display replace enabling unit  1218 ) of the third set of one or more affordances with display of the electronic mail message, including an unread indicator. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1208  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1212 ) user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with archiving the electronic mail message. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with archiving the electronic mail message, move (e.g., using the content moving unit  1226 ) the electronic mail message into an archive folder. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1208  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1212 ) user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with opening the electronic mail message. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with opening the electronic mail message, cause (e.g., using the causing unit  1222 ) the electronic mail message to be displayed on a linked companion device. 
     In some embodiments, the interface for composing the new electronic mail message comprises one or more of: an affordance associated with adding recipient information to the new electronic mail message, an affordance associated with adding subject information to the new electronic mail message, and an affordance associated with adding body information to the new electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1208  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1212 ) user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with adding recipient information to the new electronic mail message. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with adding recipient information to the new electronic mail message, replace display (e.g., using the display replace enabling unit  1218 ) of the interface for composing the new electronic mail message with display of a fourth set of one or more affordances associated with the new electronic mail message. In some embodiments, the fourth set of one or more affordances associated with the new electronic mail message includes one or more of: an affordance associated with recent contacts, an affordance associated with dictation, and an affordance associated with a keyboard. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1208  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1212 ) user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with recent contacts. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with recent contacts, replace display (e.g., using the display replace enabling unit  1218 ) of the fourth set of one or more affordances with display of one or more recent contact affordances. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1208  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1212 ) user input representing a touch associated with a recent contact affordance of the one or more recent contact affordances, the recent contact affordance associated with an email address. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the recent contact affordance, add (e.g., using the content adding unit  1216 ) the email address as recipient information to the new electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1208  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1212 ) user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with dictation. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with dictation, replace display (e.g., using the display replace enabling unit  1218 ) of the fourth set of one or more affordances with display of a dictation interface. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1208  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1212 ) user input representing recipient speech. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing recipient speech: transcribe (e.g., using the transcribing unit  1220 ) the user input representing recipient speech, and add (e.g., using the content adding unit  1216 ) the transcribed recipient speech as recipient information to the new electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1208  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1212 ) user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with the keyboard. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with the keyboard, replace display (e.g., using the display replace enabling unit  1218 ) of the fourth set of one or more affordances with display of one or more keys of a keyboard. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1208  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1212 ) user input representing keyboard input using the one or more keys of the keyboard, the user input representing keyboard input associated with an email address. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the keyboard input, add (e.g., using the content adding unit  1216 ) the email address as recipient information to the new electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1208  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1212 ) user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with adding subject information to the new electronic mail message. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with adding subject information to the new electronic mail message, replace display (e.g., using the display replace enabling unit  1218 ) of the interface for composing the new electronic mail message with display of a dictation interface. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1208  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1212 ) user input representing subject speech. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing subject speech: transcribe (e.g., using the transcribing unit  1220 ) the user input representing subject speech, and add (e.g., using the content adding unit  1216 ) the transcribed subject speech as subject information to the new electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1208  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1212 ) data representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with adding body information to the new electronic mail message. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to, in response to receiving data representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with adding body information to the new electronic mail message, replace display (e.g., using the display replace enabling unit  1218 ) of the interface for composing the new electronic mail message with display of a dictation interface. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1208  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1212 ) user input representing body speech. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to, in response to received user input representing body speech: transcribe (e.g., using the transcribing unit  1220 ) the user input representing body speech, and add (e.g., using the content adding unit  1216 ) the transcribed body speech as body information to the new electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1208  is further configured to determine (e.g., using a determining unit  1214 ) whether the new electronic mail message includes recipient information, subject information, and body information. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to, in response to determining that the new electronic mail message includes recipient information, subject information, and body information, enable display (e.g., using the display enable unit  1210 ) of an affordance associated with sending the new electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1208  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1212 ) user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with sending the new electronic mail message. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with sending the new electronic mail message, transmit (e.g., using the transmitting unit  1224 ) the new electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1208  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1212 ) user input representing a substantially downward swipe gesture associated with the list of electronic mail thread objects. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the substantially downward swipe gesture associated with the list of electronic mail thread objects, enable display (e.g., using the display enable unit  1210 ) of an affordance for composing a new electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1208  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1212 ) user input representing a substantially horizontal swipe gesture associated with an electronic mail thread object of the list of electronic mail thread objects. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture associated with the electronic mail thread object of the list of electronic mail thread objects, enable display (e.g., using the display enable unit  1210 ) of an affordance for deleting an electronic mail thread associated with the electronic mail thread object. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1208  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1212 ) user input representing a substantially horizontal swipe gesture associated with an electronic mail message object of the list of electronic mail message objects. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture associated with the electronic mail message object of the list of electronic mail message objects, enable display (e.g., using the display enable unit  1210 ) of an affordance for deleting an electronic mail message associated with the electronic mail message object. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1208  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1212 ) user input representing a substantially horizontal swipe gesture associated with an electronic mail message object of the list of electronic mail message objects. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to determine (e.g., using a determining unit  1214 ) whether the user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture associated with the electronic mail message object indicates the swipe gesture exceeds a first threshold or exceeds a second threshold. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture associated with the electronic mail message object and in accordance with a determination that the user input indicates the substantially horizontal swipe gesture associated with the electronic mail message object exceeds the first threshold and does not exceed the second threshold, enable display (e.g., using the display enable unit  1210 ) of an affordance for marking an electronic mail message associated with the electronic mail message object. The processing unit  1208  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture associated with the electronic mail message object and in accordance with a determination that the user input indicates the substantially horizontal swipe gesture associated with the electronic mail message object exceeds the second threshold, enable display (e.g., using the display enable unit  1210 ) of an affordance for deleting an electronic mail message associated with the electronic mail message object. 
     The operations described above with reference to  FIGS.  7  and  8    are, optionally, implemented by components depicted in  FIGS.  1 A- 1 B  or  FIG.  12   . For example, displaying operation  702 , receiving operation  704 , and determining operation  710  may be implemented by event sorter  170 , event recognizer  180 , and event handler  190 . Event monitor  171  in event sorter  170  detects a contact on touch-sensitive display  112 , and event dispatcher module  174  delivers the event information to application  136 - 1 . A respective event recognizer  180  of application  136 - 1  compares the event information to respective event definitions  186 , and determines whether a first contact at a first location on the touch-sensitive surface corresponds to a predefined event or sub event, such as activation of an affordance on a user interface. When a respective predefined event or sub-event is detected, event recognizer  180  activates an event handler  190  associated with the detection of the event or sub-event. Event handler  190  may utilize or call data updater  176  or object updater  177  to update the application internal state  192 . In some embodiments, event handler  190  accesses a respective GUI updater  178  to update what is displayed by the application. Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in the art how other processes can be implemented based on the components depicted in  FIGS.  1 A- 1 B . 
     In accordance with some embodiments,  FIG.  13    shows an exemplary functional block diagram of an electronic device  1300  configured in accordance with the principles of the various described embodiments. In accordance with some embodiments, the functional blocks of electronic device  1300  are configured to perform the techniques described above. The functional blocks of the device  1300  are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of the various described examples. It is understood by persons of skill in the art that the functional blocks described in  FIG.  13    are, optionally, combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of the various described examples. Therefore, the description herein optionally supports any possible combination or separation or further definition of the functional blocks described herein. 
     As shown in  FIG.  13   , an electronic device  1300  includes a display unit  1302  configured to display a graphic user interface, a touch-sensitive surface unit  1304  configured to receive contacts, a rotatable input mechanism unit  1306  configured to receive user input, and a processing unit  1308  coupled to the display unit  1302 , the touch-sensitive surface unit  1304 , and the rotatable input mechanism unit  1306 . In some embodiments, the processing unit  1308  includes a display enabling unit  1310 , a receiving unit  1312 , a determining unit  1314 , a content adding unit  1316 , a display replace enabling unit  1318 , a transcribing unit  1320 , a causing unit  1322 , a transmitting unit  1324 , and a content moving unit  1326 . 
     The processing unit  1308  is configured to enable display (e.g., using the display enable unit  1310 ) of, on the display unit  1302 , an affordance representing an electronic mail application, wherein the affordance representing the electronic mail application includes an indication of a number of unread electronic mail messages of the electronic mail application. The processing unit  1308  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1312 ) user input representing movement of the rotatable input mechanism  1306 ; 
     The processing unit  1308  is further configured to, in response to receiving the user input representing the movement of the rotatable input mechanism  1306 , enable display (e.g., using the display enable unit  1310 ) of a list of electronic mail thread objects. The processing unit  1308  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1312 ) user input representing a swipe down gesture associated with the list of electronic mail thread objects. The processing unit  1308  is further configured to, in response to receiving the user input representing the swipe down gesture associated with the list of electronic mail thread objects, enable display (e.g., using the display enable unit  1310 ) of an affordance for composing a new electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1308  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1312 ) user input representing a touch associated with the affordance for composing a new electronic mail message. The processing unit  1308  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance for composing a new electronic mail message, enable display (e.g., using the display enable unit  1310 ), on the display unit  1302 , an interface for composing a new electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1308  is further configured to enable display (e.g., using the display enable unit  1310 ) of the interface for composing a new electronic mail message. In some embodiments, the processing unit is further configured to replace display (e.g., using the display replace enabling unit  1318 ) of the list of electronic mail thread objects with display of the interface for composing a new electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1308  is further configured to receive user input representing a touch associated with an electronic mail thread object of the list of electronic mail thread objects. The processing unit  1308  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with an electronic mail thread object of the list of electronic mail thread objects, enable display (e.g., using the display enable unit  1310 ), on the display unit  1302 , a list of electronic mail message objects associated with the electronic mail thread object. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1308  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1312 ) user input representing a substantially horizontal swipe gesture from a bezel of the electronic device at the list of electronic mail message objects. The processing unit  1308  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture from the bezel of the electronic device at the list of electronic mail message objects, replace display (e.g., using the display replace enabling unit  1318 ) of the list of electronic mail message objects with the list of electronic mail thread objects. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1308  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1312 ) user input representing a touch associated with an electronic mail message object of the list of electronic mail message objects. The processing unit  1308  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with an electronic mail message object of the list of electronic mail message objects, enable display (e.g., using the display enable unit  1310 ), on the display unit  1302 , an electronic mail message associated with the electronic mail message object. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1308  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1312 ) user input representing a substantially horizontal swipe gesture from a bezel of the electronic device associated with the electronic mail message. The processing unit  1308  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture from the bezel of the electronic device associated with the electronic mail message, replace display (e.g., using the display replace enabling unit  1318 ) of the electronic mail message with the list of electronic mail message objects. 
     In some embodiments, the touch-sensitive surface  1304  is configured to detect intensity of touches, and the electronic device the processing unit is further configured to: receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1312 ) user input representing a touch on the electronic mail message; determine (e.g., using a determining unit  1314 ) whether a characteristic intensity of the touch on the electronic mail message is above an intensity threshold. The processing unit  1308  is further configured to, in response to receiving the user input representing the touch on the electronic mail message and in accordance with a determination that the characteristic intensity of the touch is above the intensity threshold: enable display (e.g., using the display enable unit  1310 ), on the display unit  1302 , a first set of one or more affordances associated with the electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1308  is further configured to enable display (e.g., using the display enable unit  1310 ) of the first set of one or more affordances associated with the electronic mail message to replace display (e.g., using the display replace enabling unit  1318 ) of the electronic mail message with display of the first set of one or more affordances associated with the electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the first set of one or more affordances associated with the electronic mail message includes one or more of: an affordance associated with replying to the electronic mail message, an affordance associated with marking the electronic mail message, an affordance associated with opening the electronic mail message on a second device, and a first affordance associated with a cancel action associated with the electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1308  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1312 ) user input representing a touch associated with the first affordance associated with the cancel action. The processing unit  1308  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the first affordance associated with the cancel action, replace display (e.g., using the display replace enabling unit  1318 ) of the first set of one or more affordances with display of the electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1308  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1312 ) user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with replying to the electronic mail message. The processing unit  1308  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with replying to the electronic mail message, replace display (e.g., using the display replace enabling unit  1318 ) on the display unit  1302  of the first set of one or more affordances with a second set of one or more affordances associated with the electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the second set of affordances associated with the electronic mail message includes one or more of: an affordance associated with replying to the sender of the electronic mail message, an affordance associated with replying to all recipients of the electronic mail message, an affordance associated with forwarding the electronic mail message, and a second affordance associated with a cancel action associated with the electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1308  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1312 ) user input representing a touch associated with the second affordance associated with the cancel action. The processing unit  1308  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the second affordance associated with the cancel action, replace display (e.g., using the display replace enabling unit  1318 ) of the second set of one or more affordances with display of the first set of one or more affordances. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1308  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1312 ) user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with replying to the sender of the electronic mail message. The processing unit  1308  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with replying to the sender of the electronic mail message, replace display (e.g., using the display replace enabling unit  1318 ) of the second set of one or more affordances with display of an interface for replying to the electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1308  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1312 ) user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with replying to all recipients of the electronic mail message. The processing unit  1308  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with replying to all recipients of the electronic mail message, replace display (e.g., using the display replace enabling unit  1318 ) of the second set of one or more affordances with display of an interface for replying to all recipients of the electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1308  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1312 ) user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with forwarding the electronic mail message. The processing unit  1308  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with forwarding the electronic mail message, replace display (e.g., using the display replace enabling unit  1318 ) of the second set of one or more affordances with display of an interface for forwarding the electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1308  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1312 ) user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with marking the electronic mail message. The processing unit  1308  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with marking the electronic mail message, replace display (e.g., using the display replace enabling unit  1318 ) of the first set of one or more affordances with a third set of one or more affordances associated with the electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the third set of affordances associated with the electronic mail message includes one or more of: an affordance associated with flagging the electronic mail message, an affordance associated with marking as unread the electronic mail message, an affordance associated with archiving the electronic mail message, and a third affordance associated with a cancel action associated with the electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1308  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1312 ) user input representing a touch associated with the third affordance associated with the cancel action. The processing unit  1308  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the third affordance associated with the cancel action, replace display (e.g., using the display replace enabling unit  1318 ) of the third set of one or more affordances with display of the first set of one or more affordances. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1308  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1312 ) user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with flagging the electronic mail message. The processing unit  1308  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with flagging the electronic mail message, replace display (e.g., using the display replace enabling unit  1318 ) of the third set of one or more affordances with display of the electronic mail message, including a flag indicator. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1308  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1312 ) user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with marking as unread the electronic mail message. The processing unit  1308  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with marking as unread the electronic mail message, replace display (e.g., using the display replace enabling unit  1318 ) of the third set of one or more affordances with display of the electronic mail message, including an unread indicator. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1308  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1312 ) user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with archiving the electronic mail message. The processing unit  1308  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with archiving the electronic mail message, move (e.g., using the content moving unit  1326 ) the electronic mail message into an archive folder. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1308  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1312 ) user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with opening the electronic mail message. The processing unit  1308  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with opening the electronic mail message, cause (e.g., using the causing unit  1322 ) the electronic mail message to be displayed on a linked companion device. 
     In some embodiments, the interface for composing the new electronic mail message comprises one or more of: an affordance associated with adding recipient information to the new electronic mail message, an affordance associated with adding subject information to the new electronic mail message, and an affordance associated with adding body information to the new electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1308  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1312 ) user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with adding recipient information to the new electronic mail message. The processing unit  1308  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with adding recipient information to the new electronic mail message, replace display (e.g., using the display replace enabling unit  1318 ) of the interface for composing the new electronic mail message with display of a fourth set of one or more affordances associated with the new electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the fourth set of one or more affordances associated with the new electronic mail message includes one or more of: an affordance associated with recent contacts, an affordance associated with dictation, and an affordance associated with a keyboard. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1308  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1312 ) user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with recent contacts. The processing unit  1308  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with recent contacts, replace display (e.g., using the display replace enabling unit  1318 ) of the fourth set of one or more affordances with display of one or more recent contact affordances. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1308  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1312 ) user input representing a touch associated with a recent contact affordance of the one or more recent contact affordances, the recent contact affordance associated with an email address. The processing unit  1308  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the recent contact affordance, add (e.g., using the content adding unit  1316 ) the email address as recipient information to the new electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1308  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1312 ) user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with dictation. The processing unit  1308  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with dictation, replace display (e.g., using the display replace enabling unit  1318 ) of the fourth set of one or more affordances with display of a dictation interface. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1308  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1312 ) user input representing recipient speech. The processing unit  1308  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing recipient speech: transcribe (e.g., using the transcribing unit  1320 ) the user input representing recipient speech, and add (e.g., using the content adding unit  1316 ) the transcribed recipient speech as recipient information to the new electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1308  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1312 ) user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with the keyboard. The processing unit  1308  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with the keyboard, replace display (e.g., using the display replace enabling unit  1318 ) of the fourth set of one or more affordances with display of one or more keys of a keyboard. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1308  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1312 ) user input representing keyboard input using the one or more keys of the keyboard, the user input representing keyboard input associated with an email address. The processing unit  1308  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the keyboard input, add (e.g., using the content adding unit  1316 ) the email address as recipient information to the new electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1308  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1312 ) user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with adding subject information to the new electronic mail message. The processing unit  1308  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with adding subject information to the new electronic mail message, replace display (e.g., using the display replace enabling unit  1318 ) of the interface for composing the new electronic mail message with display of a dictation interface. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1308  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1312 ) user input representing subject speech. The processing unit  1308  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing subject speech: transcribe (e.g., using the transcribing unit  1320 ) the user input representing subject speech, and add (e.g., using the content adding unit  1316 ) the transcribed subject speech as subject information to the new electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1308  is further configured to receive data representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with adding body information to the new electronic mail message. The processing unit  1308  is further configured to, in response to receiving data representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with adding body information to the new electronic mail message, replace display (e.g., using the display replace enabling unit  1318 ) of the interface for composing the new electronic mail message with display of a dictation interface. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1308  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1312 ) user input representing body speech. The processing unit  1308  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing body speech: transcribe (e.g., using the transcribing unit  1320 ) the user input representing body speech, and add (e.g., using the content adding unit  1316 ) the transcribed body speech as body information to the new electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1308  is further configured to determine whether the new electronic mail message includes recipient information, subject information, and body information. The processing unit  1308  is further configured to, in response to determining that the new electronic mail message includes recipient information, subject information, and body information, enable display (e.g., using the display enable unit  1310 ) of an affordance associated with sending the new electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1308  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1312 ) user input representing a touch associated with the affordance associated with sending the new electronic mail message. The processing unit  1308  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the touch associated with the affordance associated with sending the new electronic mail message, transmit (e.g., using the transmitting unit  1324 ) the new electronic mail message. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1308  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1312 ) user input representing a substantially horizontal swipe gesture associated with an electronic mail thread object of the list of electronic mail thread objects. The processing unit  1308  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture associated with the electronic mail thread object of the list of electronic mail thread objects, enable display (e.g., using the display enable unit  1310 ) of an affordance for deleting an electronic mail thread associated with the electronic mail thread obj ect. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1308  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1312 ) user input representing a substantially horizontal swipe gesture associated with an electronic mail message object of the list of electronic mail message objects. The processing unit  1308  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture associated with the electronic mail message object of the list of electronic mail message objects, enable display (e.g., using the display enable unit  1310 ) of an affordance for deleting an electronic mail message associated with the electronic mail message object. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1308  is further configured to receive (e.g., using the receiving unit  1312 ) user input representing a substantially horizontal swipe gesture associated with an electronic mail message object of the list of electronic mail message objects. The processing unit  1308  is further configured to determine (e.g., using a determining unit  1314 ) whether the user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture associated with the electronic mail message object indicates the swipe gesture exceeds a first threshold or exceeds a second threshold. The processing unit  1308  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture associated with the electronic mail message object and in accordance with a determination that the user input indicates the substantially horizontal swipe gesture associated with the electronic mail message object exceeds the first threshold and does not exceed the second threshold, enable display (e.g., using the display enable unit  1310 ) of an affordance for marking an electronic mail message associated with the electronic mail message object. The processing unit  1308  is further configured to, in response to receiving user input representing the substantially horizontal swipe gesture associated with the electronic mail message object and in accordance with a determination that the user input indicates the substantially horizontal swipe gesture associated with the electronic mail message object exceeds the second threshold, enable display (e.g., using the display enable unit  1310 ) of an affordance for deleting an electronic mail message associated with the electronic mail message object. 
     The operations described above with reference to  FIG.  10    are, optionally, implemented by components depicted in  FIGS.  1 A- 1 B  or  FIG.  13   . For example, displaying operation  1002  and receiving operation  1004  may be implemented by event sorter  170 , event recognizer  180 , and event handler  190 . Event monitor  171  in event sorter  170  detects a contact on touch-sensitive display  112 , and event dispatcher module  174  delivers the event information to application  136 - 1 . A respective event recognizer  180  of application  136 - 1  compares the event information to respective event definitions  186 , and determines whether a first contact at a first location on the touch-sensitive surface corresponds to a predefined event or sub event, such as activation of an affordance on a user interface. When a respective predefined event or sub-event is detected, event recognizer  180  activates an event handler  190  associated with the detection of the event or sub-event. Event handler  190  may utilize or call data updater  176  or object updater  177  to update the application internal state  192 . In some embodiments, event handler  190  accesses a respective GUI updater  178  to update what is displayed by the application. Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in the art how other processes can be implemented based on the components depicted in  FIGS.  1 A- 1 B . 
     The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the techniques and their practical applications. Others skilled in the art are thereby enabled to best utilize the techniques and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. 
     Although the disclosure and examples have been fully described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be noted that various changes and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications are to be understood as being included within the scope of the disclosure and examples as defined by the claims.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20200103
Publication Date: 20230829
Grant Date: 20230829
Priority Date: 20140902
Inventors: DYE, ALAN C.
FOSS, CHRISTOPHER PATRICK
CHAUDHRI, IMRAN
DASCOLA, JONATHAN R.
IVE, JONATHAN P.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H04L51/42", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G10L15/26", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04803", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04847", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L51/42", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/041", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0482", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0488", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04817", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04847", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/16", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06Q10/10", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06Q10/107", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04105", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04803", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G10L15/26", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06Q10/10", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L51/42", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0488", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0482", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04817", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06Q10/107", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0482", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06Q10/10", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0488", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04817", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/041", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04847", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/16", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04105", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04803", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06Q10/107", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G10L15/26", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 54105982