PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-8912480-B2
Application Number: US-201113222387-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Light sensor systems for electronic devices

Abstract:
The underside of an inactive portion of a display cover layer in an electronic device may be covered with an opaque masking material. Openings in the opaque masking material may be form ambient light sensor and proximity sensor windows. An ambient light sensor window may be filled with a material that transmits at least some visible light. A proximity sensor window may be filled with a material that transmits more infrared light relative to visible light than the material in the ambient light sensor window. The materials in the ambient light sensor window and proximity sensor window may include one or more layers of ink, patterns of holes, layers of material that are shared with the opaque masking layer, and materials that are black, white, or other colors. A light guide structure may be used to route light received from a sensor window to an associated sensor.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An electronic device, comprising:
 an ambient light sensor window; 
 an ambient light sensor configured to receive light through the ambient light sensor window; 
 a proximity sensor window; 
 a proximity sensor configured to receive light through the proximity sensor window; and 
 a light guide structure, wherein the ambient light sensor is laterally offset from the ambient light sensor window and wherein the light guide structure conveys light received through the ambient light sensor window to the laterally-offset ambient light sensor. 
 
     
     
       2. The electronic device defined in  claim 1  wherein the light guide structure has a transparent core coated with a reflective layer. 
     
     
       3. The electronic device defined in  claim 2  wherein the light guide structure has angled surfaces at opposing first and second ends, a light entrance in the reflective layer at the first end, and a light exit in the reflective layer at the second end. 
     
     
       4. The electronic device defined in  claim 3  further comprising a light diffuser structure on the light guide structure that is interposed between the light exit and the ambient light sensor. 
     
     
       5. An electronic device, comprising:
 an ambient light sensor window; 
 an ambient light sensor configured to receive light through the ambient light sensor window; 
 a proximity sensor window; 
 a proximity sensor configured to receive light through the proximity sensor window; 
 a display; and 
 a cover layer on the display, wherein at least part of an interior surface of the cover layer is coated with an opaque masking material, and wherein the ambient light sensor window and the proximity sensor window are formed from different respective regions in the opaque masking layer. 
 
     
     
       6. The electronic device defined in  claim 5  wherein the opaque masking material has an opening for the proximity sensor window and wherein the electronic device further comprises infrared-transparent ink in the opening. 
     
     
       7. The electronic device defined in  claim 6  wherein the ambient light sensor window is filled with an ambient light sensor window material that is different than the infrared-transparent ink and wherein the ambient light sensor window material transmits more visible light relative to infrared light than the infrared-transparent ink. 
     
     
       8. The electronic device defined in  claim 7  wherein the ambient light sensor window material comprises black ink and wherein the infrared-transparent ink comprises black infrared-transparent ink. 
     
     
       9. The electronic device defined in claim  6  wherein the opaque masking material is formed from a plurality of layers of white ink and wherein the ambient light sensor window is filled with at least one of the layers of the white ink. 
     
     
       10. The electronic device defined in  claim 6  wherein the ambient light sensor window comprises a layer with a plurality of holes. 
     
     
       11. The electronic device defined in  claim 10  wherein the holes comprise screen printed holes in the layer. 
     
     
       12. The electronic device defined in  claim 11  wherein the opaque masking material comprises white material, wherein the layer is formed from the white material, and wherein the screen printed holes comprise holes printed in the white material. 
     
     
       13. The electronic device defined in  claim 10  wherein the holes comprise laser-drilled holes in the layer. 
     
     
       14. The electronic device defined in  claim 13  wherein the opaque masking material comprises white material, wherein the layer is formed from the white material, and wherein the laser-drilled holes comprise holes drilled in the white material. 
     
     
       15. An electronic device, comprising:
 a display having a display cover layer; 
 an ambient light sensor window in a first region of the display cover layer; 
 an ambient light sensor configured to receive light through the ambient light sensor window; 
 a proximity sensor window in a second region of the display cover layer; and 
 a proximity sensor configured to receive light through the proximity sensor window, wherein the ambient light sensor window comprises an ambient light sensor window material and wherein the proximity sensor contains a proximity sensor window material that is different than the ambient light sensor window material. 
 
     
     
       16. The electronic device defined in  claim 15  wherein the proximity sensor comprises an infrared light source and an infrared light detector and wherein the proximity sensor window material comprises infrared ink. 
     
     
       17. The electronic device defined in  claim 16  wherein the infrared ink has a transmission characteristic and wherein the ambient light sensor material comprises ambient light sensor ink having a transmission characteristic that is different than the transmission characteristic of the infrared ink. 
     
     
       18. Apparatus, comprising:
 a display cover layer that is coated with an opaque masking layer, wherein the opaque masking layer has at least first and second openings; 
 an ambient light sensor that receives visible light through material in the first opening; and 
 a proximity sensor that transmits and receives infrared light through material in the second opening, wherein the material in the second opening passes more infrared light relative to visible light than the material in the first opening. 
 
     
     
       19. The apparatus defined in  claim 18  further comprising a light guide structure that guides light from the first opening to the ambient light sensor. 
     
     
       20. An electronic device, comprising:
 a display; 
 a cover layer on the display, wherein at least part of an interior surface of the cover layer is coated with an opaque masking material and wherein the opaque masking material is formed from a plurality of layers of white ink; 
 a sensor window in the display cover layer, wherein the sensor window is filled with at least one of the layers of the white ink; and 
 a sensor configured to receive signals through the sensor window. 
 
     
     
       21. The electronic device defined in  claim 20  wherein the sensor comprises an ambient light sensor. 
     
     
       22. The electronic device defined in  claim 20  wherein the sensor comprises a proximity sensor. 
     
     
       23. The electronic device defined in  claim 20  wherein the sensor window comprises a first layer filled with white ink and a second layer having holes such that the second layer is only partially filled with white ink. 
     
     
       24. The electronic device defined in  claim 23  wherein the second layer is between the first layer and the sensor. 
     
     
       25. The electronic device defined in  claim 24  wherein the sensor window comprises a third layer filled with white ink and disposed between the first and second layers. 
     
     
       26. The electronic device defined in  claim 23  wherein the opaque masking material is formed from at least first, second, and third layers of white ink, wherein the first and second layers of the opaque masking material respectively correspond to the first and second layers of the second window, wherein the sensor window comprises a third layer devoid of white ink and corresponding to the third layer of the opaque masking material, and wherein the third layer of the sensor window is disposed between the second layer of the sensor window and the sensor. 
     
     
       27. The electronic device defined in  claim 20  wherein the sensor window comprises openings in at least two of the layers of white ink. 
     
     
       28. The electronic device defined in  claim 20  wherein the opaque masking material comprises a layer of gray ink and wherein the layers of white ink are disposed between the cover layer and the layer of gray ink.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     This relates generally to sensors and, more particularly, to light sensors for electronic devices. 
     Electronic devices such as cellular telephones often contain light sensors. For example, a cellular telephone may use an ambient light sensor to measure the amount of ambient light in the environment in which a cellular telephone is operating. When a large amount of ambient light is detected, screen brightness may be increased to help offset the brightness of the environment. 
     Some cellular telephones contain proximity sensors that can detect when the cellular telephone has been brought into proximity to a user&#39;s face. When the cellular telephone comes into close proximity to the user&#39;s face, the touch screen in the cellular telephone can be deactivated to avoid unintentional touch input. This type of proximity sensor may contain a light-emitting diode that emits infrared light and a corresponding infrared light sensor that measures the amount of the emitted infrared light that is reflected back to the infrared light sensor from the user&#39;s face. 
     It can be challenging to mount electronic components such as ambient light sensors and proximity sensors in electronic equipment. If care is not taken, sensors such as these will be exposed to view and may be unsightly. Covering the light sensors with cosmetic structures may help enhance device aesthetics, but can potentially interfere with the transmission and reception of light signals associated with the light sensors. 
     It would therefore be desirable to be able to provide improved light sensors for electronic devices. 
     SUMMARY 
     An electronic device may contain a display. The display may be covered with a display cover layer such as a layer of glass. A central active portion of the display may be surrounded by an inactive display region. 
     The underside of a display cover layer in the inactive region may be covered with an opaque masking material. Openings in the opaque masking material may be form ambient light sensor and proximity sensor windows. An ambient light sensor may be used to measure visible ambient light that passes through the ambient light sensor window. A proximity sensor may contain a light source such as an infrared light-emitting diode and a light detector such as an infrared light detector. The proximity sensor may transmit infrared light through the proximity sensor window using the infrared light-emitting diode and may measure corresponding reflected infrared light that has passed through the proximity sensor window using the infrared light detector. 
     The ambient light sensor window may be filled with a material that transmits at least some visible light. Light transmission may be limited so that interior device components are not exposed to view through the ambient light sensor window. The proximity sensor window may be filled with a material that transmits more infrared light relative to visible light than the material in the ambient light sensor window. 
     The materials in the ambient light sensor window and proximity sensor window may include one or more layers of ink, patterns of holes, layers of material that are shared with the opaque masking layer, and materials that are black, white, or other colors. A light guide structure may be used to route light received from a sensor window to an associated sensor. 
     Further features of the invention, its nature and various advantages will be more apparent from the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of an illustrative electronic device with light sensor structures in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a top view of a portion of an electronic device showing where ambient light sensor and proximity sensor windows and sensor structures may be formed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative sensor configuration in an electronic device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional side view of a conventional light sensor window formed in a black masking layer on the underside of a display cover layer. 
         FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional side view of a conventional light sensor window formed within a layer of white ink on the underside of a display cover layer. 
         FIG. 6  is a diagram showing how laser processing equipment may be used in forming light sensor window structures for an electronic device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 7  is a diagram showing how screen printing equipment may be used in forming light sensor window structures for an electronic device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 8  is a top view of a solid portion of a light sensor window structure in an electronic device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 9  is a top view of a light sensor window structure with openings of the type that may be formed in alignment with the solid structures of  FIG. 8  in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 10  is a top view of light sensor window opening structures that may be formed in alignment with the patterned structures of  FIG. 9  in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 11  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative light sensor window structure that may be formed using window structure patterns of the type shown in  FIGS. 8 ,  9 , and  10  in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 12  is a top view of a light sensor window structure with patterned openings in an electronic device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 13  is a top view of a light sensor window structure that may be formed in alignment with the patterned structures of  FIG. 12  in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 14  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative light sensor window structure that may be formed using window structure patterns of the type shown in  FIGS. 12 and 13  in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 15  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative window structure that may be used in an electronic device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 16  is a top view of the light sensor window structures of  FIG. 15  in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 17  is a cross-sectional side view of a portion of an electronic device having light sensor structures of the type shown in  FIG. 2  formed under light sensor windows that have each been coated with a single layer of ink in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 18  is a cross-sectional side view of a portion of an electronic device having light sensor structures of the type shown in  FIG. 2  formed under light sensor windows such as an ambient light sensor window of the type shown in  FIGS. 15 and 16  in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 19  is a graph showing the transmittance of an illustrative opaque masking layer such as a black masking layer that may be formed on the underside of a display cover layer in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 20  is a graph showing the transmittance of an illustrative ambient light sensor window material that may be formed on the underside of a display cover layer in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 21  is a graph showing the transmittance of an illustrative infrared light sensor window material that may be formed on the underside of a display cover layer in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 22  is a perspective view of an illustrative light guide structure that may be used in guiding light from an ambient light sensor window on the underside of a display cover layer to an ambient light sensor in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 23  is a cross-sectional side view of a portion of an electronic device showing how a light guide structure such as the light guide structure of  FIG. 22  may be used in guiding light from an ambient light sensor window on the underside of a display cover layer to an ambient light sensor in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Electronic devices such as device  10  of  FIG. 1  may be provided with light sensor components. The light sensor components may be used to make ambient light sensor measurements, light-based proximity sensor measurements, or may be used to gather other light sensor data. The light sensor data may be used in controlling the operation of device  10 . For example, light sensor data may be used in controlling display brightness, may be used in controlling wireless functions, may be used in controlling touch sensor functions, and may be used in controlling other device functions. 
     Device  10  of  FIG. 1  may be a portable computer, tablet computer, computer monitor, handheld device, game equipment, global positioning system equipment, cellular telephone, or other electronic equipment. 
     Device  10  may include a housing such as housing  12 . Housing  12 , which may sometimes be referred to as a case, may be formed of plastic, glass, ceramics, fiber composites, metal (e.g., stainless steel, aluminum, etc.), other suitable materials, or a combination of these materials. 
     Housing  12  may be formed using a unibody configuration in which some or all of housing  12  is machined or molded as a single structure or may be formed using multiple structures (e.g., an internal frame structure, one or more structures that form exterior housing surfaces, etc.). 
     In some configurations, housing  12  may be formed using front and rear housing structures that are substantially planar. For example, the rear of device  10  may be formed from a planar housing structure such as a planar glass member, a planar plastic member, a planar metal structure, or other substantially planar structure. As shown in  FIG. 1 , the front of device  10  may include a planar display such as display  14  that is covered with a planar cover layer. The cover layer that covers the surface of display  14  may be formed from clear glass, clear plastic, or other transparent materials (e.g., materials that are transparent to visible light and that are generally transparent to infrared light). The cover layer that covers display  14  is sometimes referred to as a display cover layer, display cover glass, or display cover layer. 
     Display  14  may, for example, be a touch screen that incorporates capacitive touch electrodes or a touch sensor formed using other types of touch technology (e.g., resistive touch, acoustic touch, force-sensor-based touch, etc.). Display  14  may include image pixels formed form light-emitting diodes (LEDs), organic LEDs (OLEDs), plasma cells, electronic ink elements, liquid crystal display (LCD) components, or other suitable image pixel structures. 
     Display  14  and the cover layer on display  14  may have an active region and an inactive region. The active region of display  14  may lie within rectangle  16 . Within this region, display pixels such as liquid crystal display pixels or organic light-emitting diode display pixels may display images for a user of device  10 . Active display region  16  may be surrounded by an inactive region such as inactive region  18 . Inactive region  18  may have the shape of a rectangular ring (as an example). To prevent a user from viewing internal device structures under inactive region  18 , the underside of the cover layer for display  14  may be coated with an opaque masking layer. The opaque masking layer may be formed from a layer of ink (e.g., black or white ink), a layer of plastic, or other suitable opaque masking material. 
     Device  10  may include input-output ports, buttons, sensors, status indicator lights, speakers, microphones, and other input-output components. As shown in  FIG. 1 , for example, device  10  may include one or more openings in inactive region  18  of display  14  to accommodate buttons such as button  20  and may include one or more openings such as speaker port opening  22  to accommodate audio components. 
     Device  10  may include one or more optical components. For example, device  10  may include a light sensor such as visible light sensor that makes measurements on the level of ambient light in the vicinity of device  10 . This type of sensor, which is sometimes referred to as an ambient light sensor, may be used in making adjustments to screen brightness or other device functions. For example, in response to detection of an increase in the ambient light level, control circuitry within device  10  may increase screen brightness for display  14  to help ensure that the screen remains visible in bright light. The optical components may also include a light-based proximity sensor that emits infrared light and measures how much of the infrared light is reflected by adjacent external objects. In the absence of reflected infrared light, control circuitry in device  10  can conclude that no external objects are in the vicinity of device  10 . In the presence of reflected light, the control circuitry in device  10  can conclude that an external object such as a user&#39;s head or other body part is in the vicinity of device  10 . Proximity sensor signals may be used, for example, to control touch screen functionality (e.g., to inhibit touch input when the proximity sensor detects that device  10  is being held against a user&#39;s face so that the user can use speaker port  22  as an ear speaker in connection with a voice telephone call). 
     Optical components such as optical components associated with an ambient light sensor may be mounted in the vicinity of regions such a region  24  of  FIG. 1 . Optical components associated with an infrared proximity sensor may be located in the vicinity of regions such as region  26  of  FIG. 1 . Regions such a regions  24  and  26  may be formed in part of inactive region  18  of display  14  or may be located elsewhere on device  10  (e.g., on a rear planar housing member such as a rear glass plate, on other housing structures, etc.). 
     The optical components in device  10  may include an ambient light sensor, a proximity sensor, or other optical equipment. Arrangements in which device  10  includes an ambient light sensor and proximity sensor are sometimes described herein as an example. This is, however, merely illustrative. Any suitable optical components may be included in device  10  and may be mounted under any suitable portion of display  14  or other location within housing  12  if desired. 
     A top view of a portion of device  10  in the vicinity of regions  24  and  26  is shown in  FIG. 2 . Regions  24  and  26  may correspond to sensor windows through which sensor light may pass during sensor operation. For example, region  24  may correspond to an ambient light sensor window and region  26  may correspond to a proximity sensor window. 
     A proximity sensor such as proximity sensor  33  may be formed from proximity sensor light transmitter  32  and proximity sensor light detector  30 . Transmitter  32  and detector  30  may be mounted under proximity sensor window  26  or other suitable portion of display  14 . Proximity sensor transmitter  32  may be a light-emitting diode such as an infrared light-emitting diode or other suitable light source. Proximity sensor detector  30  may be an infrared photodetector. Proximity sensor window  26  may be sufficiently transparent to infrared light to allow light from transmitter  32  to pass from inside of device  10  through window  26  to an external object such as a user&#39;s body. Proximity sensor window  26  may also be sufficiently transparent to infrared light to allow reflected infrared light from the user&#39;s body or other external object to pass through window  26  into sensor  30 . Proximity sensor window  26  may be sufficiently opaque at visible light wavelengths to hide internal device components from view and to present an attractive appearance to a user of device  10 . 
     During operation of ambient light sensor  28 , light may pass through ambient light sensor window  24  to be detected by ambient light sensor  28 . To help route ambient light to ambient light sensor  28  in a configuration of the type shown in  FIG. 2  in which ambient light sensor  28  is laterally offset from ambient light sensor window  24 , light guide structures such as light guide  34  may be provided. Light guide  34  may have a first end such as end  36  (i.e., a light entrance) that overlaps and is aligned with ambient light sensor window  24  and may have a second end such as end  38  (i.e., a light exit) that overlaps and is aligned with ambient light sensor  28 . 
     The use of light guides such as light guide  34  may allow optical components such as ambient light sensor  28  to be laterally shifted (i.e., offset within the plane of device  10  in lateral dimensions X and Y) within the housing of device  10  so that ambient light sensor  28  is not aligned with region  24 . This provides flexibility in mounting components within the interior of device  10  under region  24 . 
     During operation of the ambient light sensor, visible light passes through light sensor window  24 , is guided along the interior of device  10  using light guide  34 , and is provided to light sensor  28 . In the example of  FIG. 2 , light guide structure  34  has been used to route light within device  10  so that window  24  need only overlap end  36  of light guide structure  34  and need not overlap ambient light sensor  28 . If desired, this type of arrangement may be used to route light to other light sensors. For example, a light guide such as light guide  34  may be used to route light from a window such as window  26  to proximity sensor infrared detector  30  (as an example). 
       FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional side view of a portion of device  10  showing how light sensor equipment such as proximity sensor  33  and ambient light sensor  28  may operate. Proximity sensor  33  may include infrared light-emitting diode  32  and infrared light detector  30 . Light-emitting diode  32  may emit infrared light  104 , which may be reflected off of nearby external objects such as external object  108 . Reflected infrared light  106  may be detected using proximity sensor light detector  30 . The window material in proximity sensor window  26  of display cover layer  56  may be configured to pass infrared light  104  and  106  without excessive attenuation. 
     Ambient light sensor  28  may receive ambient light  102  such as light from the sun or other external light source  100  through ambient light sensor window  24 . Ambient light sensor  28  may be used to measure the amount of visible light in the environment in real time. 
     Control circuitry  110  may be used to control the operation of proximity sensor  22  and ambient light sensor  28  (e.g., to take suitable actions when external objects are detected within the vicinity of device  10 , to take suitable actions based on the intensity of ambient light, etc.). 
     In conventional arrangements, light sensors are obscured from view using layers of ink.  FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional side view of a light sensor arrangement in a conventional cellular telephone. Cover glass  40  is coated on its underside with patterned black ink layer  42 . Ink  42  is opaque and is therefore unsuitable for allowing light to pass for a sensor. Accordingly, black infrared ink  44  is deposited in an opening in ink  42 . This allows sensors  46  (an ambient light sensor and a proximity sensor) to operate, while at least somewhat hiding sensors  46  from view. 
     A conventional configuration of the type shown in  FIG. 5  has been used in cellular telephones with white opaque masking layers. As shown in  FIG. 5 , display cover glass  48  has a window that covers sensors  54  (an ambient light sensor and a proximity sensor). The underside of display cover glass  48  is covered with five layers of white ink  50  and a coating of gray ink  52 . The light sensor window in white ink layers  50  is filled with black infrared ink layer  50 . 
     The use of infrared-transparent ink  44  in  FIG. 4  and infrared-transparent ink  50  in  FIG. 5  can reduce ambient light sensor performance, because infrared ink tends to significantly diminish the visible light intensity that reaches the ambient light sensor. The use of a single window that covers both ambient light and proximity sensors in conventional configurations makes it challenging to increase visible light transmission in the infrared ink without making the infrared ink too thin and aesthetically unappealing. 
     To maintain desirable device aesthetics, ambient light sensor window  24  can be formed from an opening that is completely or at least partly separate from proximity sensor window  26 , as shown in  FIG. 2 . Because window  26  need only be used for the ambient light sensor, its size can be reduced, thereby minimizing the visibility of window  26 , even when adjusting the window configuration to enhance visible light transmission. The material that is used in the ambient light sensor window can also be optimized independently from the material that is used in the proximity sensor window. 
     Visible light transmission for window  24  may be enhanced by forming patterned openings in one or more of the layers of the window material and/or by formulating the window material to transmit more visible light (relative to infrared light) than in the infrared ink used for proximity sensor window  26 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 6 , display  14  may include display cover layer  56 . An opaque masking layer (not shown in  FIG. 6 ) may be placed around the inactive peripheral portion of the display (see, e.g., inactive peripheral region  18  of display  14  in  FIG. 1 ). In window regions such as ambient light sensor region  24 , material  57  may be deposited. Material  57  may be, for example, a window material such as ink. The ink may be deposited in one or more layers (e.g. one or more layers of 6-9 microns in thickness). The ink may be formulated to pass a desired amount of visible light to an underlying ambient light sensor. Visible light transmission may also be controlled by forming a pattern of holes (openings)  60  in one or more of the ink layers. 
     Equipment such as laser patterning tool  68  may be used in forming holes  60 . Laser patterning tool  68  may include a laser such as laser  64 . Computer-controlled positioner  66  may be used to control the position of laser  64  and thereby control the position of laser beam  62 . By controlling the intensity and position of laser beam  62 , laser processing tool  68  may be used to form a desired pattern of holes  60  in material  57 . 
     If desired, holes  60  may be formed material  57  using screen printing. As shown in  FIG. 7 , for example, holes  60  in material  57  may be formed using screen printing tool  70  (e.g., using a patterned screen to print material around a desired pattern of holes  60 ). Other types of material patterning techniques may also be used in forming a desired pattern of holes in window material  57  (e.g., ink-jet printing, pad printing, dripping, painting, spraying, machining, etc.). The examples of  FIGS. 6 and 7  are merely illustrative. 
     Using window material patterning techniques of the type shown in  FIGS. 6 and 7  or other suitable techniques, one or more layers of material in a window (e.g., ambient light sensor window  24 ) may be formed. In the example of  FIGS. 8 ,  9 , and  10 , a five-layer window structure has been formed in which the first four layers of the underside of cover layer  56  have been coated with white ink. Each layer of white ink may have a thickness of about 6-9 microns (as an example). The first two layers may be solid (as shown in  FIG. 8 ). The next layer (layer L 3  in the  FIG. 9  example), may have a pattern of holes  60 . Holes  60  may allow visible light to pass and may therefore help improve the visible light transmission for ambient light sensor window  24 . Holes  60  may be formed by screen printing or other suitable techniques and may have diameters of 0.3 mm, 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm, etc. (as examples). The fourth layer on the underside of the cover layer may have an opening such as opening L 4  in  FIG. 10  that is devoid of ink. A fifth ink layer may be formed on the underside of the cover layer on top of the fourth layer. As shown by opening L 5  in the example of  FIG. 10 , the fifth layer of ink may have an opening that is larger than the opening in the fourth layer of ink and that is concentric (overlapping) with the opening in the fourth layer of ink. The fifth layer of ink may be, for example, a layer of gray ink. An ambient light sensor window structure formed using layers of the type shown in  FIGS. 8 ,  9 , and  10  is shown in  FIG. 11  as ambient light sensor window  24 . In regions  58 , the layers of ink have been used to form an opaque masking layer. 
     In the illustrative ambient light sensor window configuration of  FIGS. 12 and 13 , the first four layers of ink on the underside of cover layer  56  have been formed from layers of laser-patterned white ink. As shown in  FIG. 12 , each of the first four layers of ink L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , and L 4  may contain a matching pattern of laser-drilled holes  60  (e.g., holes with a diameter of about 0.03 to 0.07 mm). The fifth layer of white ink may have an opening (L 5 ) that overlaps the patterns of holes  60 . Gray ink layer L 6  may have an opening that overlaps the window opening associated with white ink layer L 5 . An ambient light sensor window structure formed using layers of the type shown in  FIGS. 12 and 13  is shown in  FIG. 14  as ambient light sensor window  24 . 
     The diameters of ambient light sensor windows  24  of  FIGS. 11 and 14  may be, for example, about 1.1 to 1.3 mm (as an example). Thinner or thicker layers of ink and inks of different colors may be used if desired. When white ink is used in the ambient light sensor window, the ambient light sensor window may appear white, even though sufficient visible light is passed to ambient light sensor  28 . When both the ambient light sensor window and surrounding masking layer on the underside of cover layer  56  are white, the ambient light sensor window may not be visually noticeable by the user, enhancing device aesthetics. 
     Another configuration that may be used for ambient light sensor window  24  is shown in  FIGS. 15 and 16 . As shown in  FIG. 15 , ambient light sensor window  24  may be formed from window material  57  such as three layers of solid white ink (layers L 1 , L 2 , and L 3 ). Openings in layers L 4  and L 5  may be about 1.1 to 1.3 mm in diameter and may form ambient light sensor window  24 . Gray layer opening L 6  may overlap the openings in layers L 4  and L 5  and may have a larger diameter (e.g., 1.15 to 1.35 mm in diameter as an example). The layers of ink may be white, gray, or other suitable colors and may have thicknesses of 6 to 9 microns or other suitable thicknesses. The window opening for ambient light sensor window  24  may be circular, oval, rectangular, or other suitable shapes. The portions of material surrounding sensor window  24  may form opaque masking layer  58  for inactive region  18 . 
       FIG. 17  is a cross-sectional side view of a portion of device  10  under inactive region  18 . With the configuration of  FIG. 17 , layer  58  on the underside of cover layer  56  may be formed from an opaque masking material such as black ink (as an example). Proximity sensor  33  may include infrared light-emitting diode  32  and infrared light sensor  30  under proximity sensor window  26 . Proximity sensor window  26  may be formed by incorporating a layer of material such as material  114  into window  26  (i.e., into an opening in opaque masking layer  58 ). Material  114  may be a material such as black infrared ink that is opaque at visible wavelengths and transparent at infrared wavelengths. Ambient light sensor  28  may be mounted within internal support structures in device  10  (shown as housing  12 ) under end  38  of light guide structure  34 . Ambient light sensor window  24  may be formed from a layer of material  112  that is suitable for allowing at least some visible light  116  to pass into ambient light sensor  28  via light guide structure  34 . Material  112  in ambient light sensor window  24  may be, for example, a black-colored ink that has more visible light transmission relative to infrared light transmission than infrared ink  114 . 
       FIG. 18  is a cross-sectional side view of a portion of device  10  under inactive region  18  in a device that has a white coating under cover layer  56 . With the  FIG. 18  arrangement, the underside of cover layer  56  may be formed from an opaque masking material such as white ink and optionally a layer of gray ink (as an example). In the regions of cover layer  56  that are not used in forming ambient light sensor window  24  and proximity sensor window  26 , opaque masking layer  58  may, for example, be formed from multiple layers of ink such as five white ink layers (L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , L 4 , and L 5 ) each having a thickness of about 6-9 microns or other suitable thickness. As described in connection with the example of  FIG. 5 , the sixth layer of material that is formed on the underside of cover layer  56  to form opaque masking layer  58  may be gray ink. Gray ink may be more opaque than white ink for a given thickness and may therefore help ensure that opaque masking layer  58  is opaque. Different configurations (e.g., inks or other materials of different colors and/or thicknesses) may be used in forming opaque masking layer  58  if desired. The arrangement of  FIG. 18  is merely illustrative. 
     As shown in  FIG. 18 , proximity sensor  33  may include infrared light-emitting diode  32  and infrared light sensor  30  under proximity sensor window  26 . Proximity sensor window  26  may be formed by incorporating a layer of material such as material  118  into window  26  (i.e., into an opening in opaque masking layer  58 ). Material  118  may be a material such as infrared ink that is opaque at visible wavelengths and transparent at infrared wavelengths. The color of ink  118  may be black or other suitable colors. As with the configuration of  FIG. 17 , ambient light sensor  28  may be mounted within internal support structures in device  10  (shown as housing  12 ) under end  38  of light guide structure  34 . 
     In the  FIG. 18  arrangement, ambient light sensor window  24  has been formed from a layer of material that is an extension of portions of layer  58 . In particular, the layer of material in window  24  may be made up of the first three white ink layers (L 1 , L 2 , and L 3 ) that are used in forming opaque masking layer  58 . Layers L 1 , L 2 , and L 3  are suitable for allowing at least some visible light to pass into ambient light sensor  28  via light guide structure  34 . As light passes through layers L 1 , L 2 , and L 3  in ambient light sensor window  24 , the light is diffused (e.g., scattered) by the white ink, which may help reduce unwanted directional sensitivity for ambient light sensor  28 . 
     In the example of  FIG. 18 , white ink layers L 1 , L 2 , and L 3  are solid and therefore devoid of openings  60 . If desired, patterns of holes  60  may be incorporated into one or more of the layers of material in ambient light sensor window  24 , as described in connection with  FIGS. 8-14 . The use of holes  60  may help reduce unwanted directional sensitivity for ambient light sensor  28 , as light tends to reflect off of the interior of the holes and diffuse before reaching ambient light sensor  28 . 
     By forming ambient light sensor window  24  and proximity sensor window  26  from two potentially discrete openings in opaque masking layer  58  and by filling these openings with two potentially different types of materials (which may or may not the same materials as some of the materials in masking layer  58 ), visible light transmission for ambient light sensor  28  may be enhanced while retaining a satisfactory appearance for windows  24  and  26  when viewed against the background of opaque masking layer  58  from the exterior of device  10 . 
     The materials used in opaque masking layer  58 , ambient light sensor window  24 , and proximity sensor window  26  may, in general, have any suitable number of layers, any suitable types of material, any suitable colors, and any suitable light transmittance characteristics. Material  112  in ambient light sensor window  24  of  FIG. 17  may be, for example, a black-colored ink that has more visible light transmission relative to infrared transmission than infrared ink  114 . The material associated with the L 1 , L 2 , and L 3  layers of ambient light sensor window  24  of  FIG. 18  may likewise exhibit more visible light transmission relative to infrared transmission than infrared ink  118 . Infrared ink  118  may be, for example, black infrared ink. 
       FIGS. 19 ,  20 , and  21  are graphs of illustrative light transmittance characteristics that may be associated with the materials on the underside of cover layer  56 . The relatively flat transmittance curve of  FIG. 19  (at least in the visible region VIS) may be associated with opaque masking material that is used in inactive region  18  of device  10  surrounding ambient light sensor window  24  and proximity sensor window  26 . As shown in  FIG. 19 , the opaque masking material may have a transmittance in the visible light portion VIS of the spectrum that is relatively equal to its transmittance in the infrared light portion IR of the spectrum (as an example). Other types of opaque masking material may be used if desired. The color of the opaque masking material may be white, black, or other suitable colors. In forming a black opaque mask for inactive region  18 , a single layer or a relatively small number of layers of material may be used (e.g., one or more layers of black masking layer ink). In forming a white opaque mask for inactive region  18 , multiple layers of white ink (L 1 , L 2 , etc.) and an optional layer of gray ink may be used (e.g., multiple layers each of which has a thickness of 6-9 microns or other suitable thickness). White opaque masks may also be formed using a single thicker layer of white ink or other white masking material. If desired, opaque masking layer materials of other colors (e.g., gray, blue, silver, etc.) may be used. The use of black opaque masking layers in region  18  and the use of white opaque masking layers in region  18  is merely illustrative. 
       FIG. 20  shows the transmittance that may be associated with an ambient light sensor window material such as a material in ambient light sensor window  24 . The material associated with the transmittance curve of  FIG. 20  may transmit relatively more visible light than infrared ink, while still retaining sufficient visible light opacity to help hide components under ambient light sensor window  24  from view by a user. 
     Ambient light sensor window  24  may be formed from one or more layers of ink (as an example). If desired, the same ink or other material may be used in forming portions of the opaque masking layer in inactive region  18  and the ambient light sensor window material in ambient light sensor window  24 . For example, five (or more or fewer) layers of ink having a transmittance curve of the type shown in  FIG. 19  may be used in forming an opaque masking layer structure for inactive region  18  and two or three (or more or fewer) layers of the same ink may be used in forming ambient light sensor window  24 . 
     In proximity sensor window  26 , infrared-transmitting material having a relatively strong infrared transmittance value relative to its visible transmittance value may be used. For example, infrared ink having a transmittance characteristic of the type shown in  FIG. 21  may be used in proximity sensor window  26 . 
     In general, window  24  and/or window  26  may be formed using a material having a transmittance characteristic of the type shown in any of  FIG. 19 ,  20 , or  21  or other suitable transmittance characteristic. 
     With an illustrative black masking layer configuration (e.g., in a device with a black housing), ambient light sensor window  24  may be formed using a black ink or other ink that has the transmittance characteristic of  FIG. 20 , surrounding portions of inactive region  18  may be covered with an opaque masking layer formed from a black ink or other material that has a transmittance characteristic of the type shown in  FIG. 19 , and proximity sensor window  26  may be formed using an ink or other material such as black infrared ink having a transmittance characteristic of the type shown in  FIG. 21 . 
     With an illustrative white masking layer configuration (e.g., in a device with a white housing), ambient light sensor window  24  may be formed using multiple layers of white ink that has a transmittance characteristic of the type shown in  FIG. 19  or  20 , surrounding portions of inactive region  18  may be covered with an opaque masking layer formed from additional layers of white ink and/or other layers of material such as gray ink that has a transmittance characteristic of the type shown in  FIG. 19 , and proximity sensor window  26  may be formed using an ink or other material such as black infrared ink having a transmittance characteristic of the type shown in  FIG. 21 . 
     Light guide structure  34  may have any suitable shape. For example, light guide structure  34  may have a tubular shape with a circular light entrance at end  36  and a circular light exit at end  38 . Light guide structure  34  may have other shapes such as oval cross-sectional shapes, rectangular cross-sectional shapes, cross-sectional shapes with combinations of curved and straight sides, etc. 
       FIG. 22  is a perspective view of an illustrative configuration that may be used for light guide structure  34  in which light guide structure  34  has a rectangular box shape with angled ends. The interior of light guide structure  34  may be formed from a transparent material such as clear glass, clear plastic, etc. The surface of light guide structure  34  may be coated with a reflective material such as metal (e.g., aluminum, etc.). Openings in the reflective coating layer on light guide structure  34  may be formed at ends  36  and  38 . As shown in  FIG. 22 , the opening in reflective layer  134  at end  36  may form a light entrance (light entrance port) such as rectangular light entrance port  130 . The opening in reflective layer  134  at end  38  may form a light exit (light exit port) such as rectangular light exit port  132 . Entrance and exit ports of other shapes (e.g., circles, ovals, etc.) may be used if desired. 
       FIG. 23  is a cross-sectional side view of a portion of electronic device  10  showing how a light guide structure such as light guide structure  34  of  FIG. 22  may be used in routing light from ambient light sensor window  24  to ambient light sensor  28 . As shown in  FIG. 23 , light guide structure  34  may have a transparent core structure such as core structure  136  (e.g., a transparent plastic or glass member). Reflective layer  134  may be used to coat the exterior of core structure  136 . As light travels within core structure  136 , the reflective material of layer  134  may reflect the light and may help contain the light within core structure  136 . Angled surface  134 A at end  36  may help reflect light  146  along the interior of core structure  136  parallel to longitudinal axis  150 . Angled surface  134 B at end  38  may help reflect light  148  that is traveling parallel to axis  150  downwards toward ambient light sensor  28 . 
     Adhesive  138  or other fastening mechanisms (e.g., screws, snaps, etc.) may be used in attaching light guide structure  34  to interior portions of device  10  (e.g., to support structures  12 ). 
     When device  10  is used in an environment that contains light, light  142  (e.g., visible light) may penetrate through ambient light sensor window material  152  and may enter light guide core structure  136  through light guide entrance window  130  in coating  134 . The light that has entered light guide structure  34  may be reflected within core material  136  using reflective coating  134  and angled end surfaces  134 A and  134 B until the light exits through light guide exit window  132  in coating  134 . An optional diffuser structure such as diffuser  140  may be used to help diffuse light  144  as light  144  exits light guide structure  34 . Diffuser structure  140  may be formed form a textured clear structure (e.g., textured polymer) or other suitable structure that scatters light  144  before light  144  reaches ambient light sensor  28 , thereby helping to reduce undesired directionality in the performance of ambient light sensor  28 . 
     The foregoing is merely illustrative of the principles of this invention and various modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20110831
Publication Date: 20141216
Grant Date: 20141216
Priority Date: 20110831
Inventors: POPE BENJAMIN J.
KWONG KELVIN
HOWARTH RICHARD P.
DINH RICHARD HUNG MINH
TAN TANG YEW
RUH RICHARD
WALDON MATT
JARVIS DANIEL W.
LAND BRIAN R.
HOTELLING STEVEN P.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G01J1/0422", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04M2250/12", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04M1/026", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G01J1/0407", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G01J1/4204", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G01J1/0474", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G01J1/0488", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G01J1/0425", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G01J1/0233", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G01J1/0233", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G01J1/0488", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04M2250/12", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04M1/026", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G01J1/0407", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04M1/026", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G01J1/0474", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G01J1/0474", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G01J1/4204", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G01J1/14", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G01J1/0233", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G01J1/0422", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G01J1/0425", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G01J1/0425", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G01J1/4204", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G01J1/0407", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G01J1/0488", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G01J1/02", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G01J1/0422", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04M2250/12", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 47323833