PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-11243455-B2
Application Number: US-202017023972-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Camera with folded optics

Abstract:
Various embodiments include a camera with folded optics and lens shifting capabilities. In some examples, a folded optics arrangement of the camera may include one or more lens elements and one or more light path folding elements (e.g., a prism). Some embodiments include voice coil motor (VCM) actuator arrangements, carrier arrangements, and/or suspension arrangements to provide autofocus (AF) and/or optical image stabilization (OIS) movement. Furthermore, some embodiments include position sensor arrangements for position sensing with respect to AF and/or OIS movement.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A camera, comprising:
 a folded optics arrangement to fold a path of light, the folded optics arrangement comprising:
 a prism; and 
 a lens group comprising one or more lens elements that define an optical axis; 
 
 a base structure, comprising:
 a first portion below the prism and the lens group, wherein the first portion defines a first plane parallel to the optical axis; and 
 a second portion that defines a second plane orthogonal to the optical axis; 
 
 an image sensor to capture light that has passed through the prism and the lens group, wherein the image sensor is coupled to the second portion of the base structure such that the image sensor is oriented orthogonal to the optical axis; and 
 an actuator module to move the lens group, relative to the image sensor, in multiple directions. 
 
     
     
       2. The camera of  claim 1 , wherein the first portion of the base structure defines a recess for receiving at least a portion of the lens group. 
     
     
       3. The camera of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 a substrate to which the image sensor is attached, the substrate being attached to the second portion of the base structure; and 
 a stiffener to provide structural support to at least one of the substrate or the second portion of the base structure, wherein the stiffener comprises a base portion defining a plane that is parallel to the image sensor. 
 
     
     
       4. The camera of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 a flex circuit board attached to a top surface of the first portion of the base structure, wherein the top surface faces the folded optics arrangement. 
 
     
     
       5. The camera of  claim 1 , wherein the actuator module comprises:
 one or more coils on the flex circuit board. 
 
     
     
       6. The camera of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 a carrier arrangement, comprising:
 an inner carrier structure coupled to the lens group; and 
 an outer carrier structure coupled to the inner carrier structure; 
 
 wherein the actuator module is to:
 move the inner carrier structure and the outer carrier structure together, relative to the image sensor, in at least a first direction; and 
 move the inner carrier structure relative to the outer carrier structure in at least a second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction. 
 
 
     
     
       7. The camera of  claim 6 , wherein the actuator module comprises:
 an autofocus (AF) voice coil motor (VCM) actuator to move the inner carrier structure and the outer carrier structure together, relative to the image sensor, in at least the first direction; 
 a first optical image stabilization (OIS) VCM actuator to move the inner carrier structure relative to the outer carrier structure in at least the second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction; and 
 a second OIS VCM actuator to move the inner carrier structure and the outer carrier structure together, relative to the image sensor, in at least a third direction that is orthogonal to the first direction and the second direction. 
 
     
     
       8. The camera of  claim 6 , wherein:
 the actuator module comprises:
 one or more magnets; and 
 one or more coils; 
 
 the inner carrier structure comprises a lens carrier to which at least one coil of the one or more coils is attached; 
 the outer carrier structure comprises a magnet holder to which at least one magnet of the one or more magnets is attached; and 
 the outer carrier structure at least partially encircles the folded optics arrangement. 
 
     
     
       9. The camera of  claim 6 , further comprising:
 a suspension arrangement to suspend the lens group and allow movement of the lens group along multiple axes, the suspension arrangement comprising:
 a leaf spring attached to the inner carrier structure and the outer carrier structure, so as to allow movement of the lens group and the inner carrier structure together, relative to the outer carrier structure, in at least the second direction; and 
 suspension wires to allow movement of the lens group, the inner carrier structure, and the outer carrier structure together, relative to the image sensor, in one or more directions orthogonal to the second direction, wherein a suspension wire of the suspension wires comprises:
 a first end portion attached to the leaf spring; and 
 a second end portion attached to a fixed structure that is stationary relative to movement of the lens group. 
 
 
 
     
     
       10. A device, comprising:
 one or more processors; 
 memory storing program instructions executable by the one or more processors to control operation of a camera; and 
 the camera, comprising:
 a folded optics arrangement to fold a path of light, the folded optics arrangement comprising:
 a prism; and 
 a lens group comprising one or more lens elements that define an optical axis; 
 
 a base structure, comprising:
 a first portion below the prism and the lens group, wherein the first portion defines a first plane parallel to the optical axis; and 
 a second portion that defines a second plane orthogonal to the optical axis; 
 
 an image sensor to capture light that has passed through the prism and the lens group, wherein the image sensor is coupled to the second portion of the base structure such that the image sensor is oriented orthogonal to the optical axis; and 
 an actuator module to move the lens group, relative to the image sensor, in multiple directions. 
 
 
     
     
       11. The device of  claim 10 , further comprising:
 a carrier arrangement, comprising:
 an inner carrier structure coupled to the lens group; and 
 an outer carrier structure coupled to the inner carrier structure; 
 
 wherein the actuator module is to:
 move the inner carrier structure and the outer carrier structure together, relative to the image sensor, in at least a first direction; and 
 move the inner carrier structure relative to the outer carrier structure in at least a second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction. 
 
 
     
     
       12. The device of  claim 11 , wherein one or more of the inner carrier structure or the lens group is at least partially disposed within a recess defined by the first portion of the base structure. 
     
     
       13. The device of  claim 11 , wherein:
 the actuator module comprises:
 one or more magnets; and 
 one or more coils; 
 
 the inner carrier structure comprises a lens carrier to which at least one coil of the one or more coils is attached; 
 the outer carrier structure comprises a magnet holder to which at least one magnet of the one or more magnets is attached; and 
 the outer carrier structure at least partially encircles the folded optics arrangement. 
 
     
     
       14. The device of  claim 13 , wherein at least one other coil of the one or more coils is attached to the magnet holder. 
     
     
       15. The device of  claim 11 , wherein the camera further comprises:
 a suspension arrangement to suspend the lens group and allow movement of the lens group in the multiple directions, the suspension arrangement comprising:
 a leaf spring attached to the inner carrier structure and the outer carrier structure, so as to allow movement of the lens group and the inner carrier structure together, relative to the outer carrier structure, in at least the second direction; and 
 suspension wires to allow movement of the lens group, the inner carrier structure, and the outer carrier structure together, relative to the image sensor, in one or more directions orthogonal to the second direction, wherein a suspension wire of the suspension wires comprises:
 a first end portion attached to the leaf spring; and 
 a second end portion attached to a fixed structure that is stationary relative to movement of the lens group. 
 
 
 
     
     
       16. The device of  claim 10 , wherein:
 the actuator module comprises:
 an autofocus (AF) voice coil motor (VCM) actuator to move the inner carrier structure and the outer carrier structure together, relative to the image sensor, in at least the first direction; 
 a first optical image stabilization (OIS) VCM actuator to move the inner carrier structure relative to the outer carrier structure in at least the second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction; and 
 a second OIS VCM actuator to move the inner carrier structure and the outer carrier structure together, relative to the image sensor, in at least a third direction that is orthogonal to the first direction and the second direction. 
 
 
     
     
       17. The device of  claim 16 , wherein the one or more processors are further to:
 cause the AF VCM actuator to move the lens group in at least the first direction; 
 cause the first OIS VCM actuator to move the lens group in at least the second direction; and 
 cause the second OIS VCM actuator to move the lens group in at least the third direction. 
 
     
     
       18. A folded optics system, comprising:
 a lens group comprising one or more lens elements that define an optical axis; 
 a prism to redirect light to the lens group; 
 a base structure, comprising:
 a first portion below the prism and the lens group, wherein the first portion defines a first plane parallel to the optical axis; and 
 a second portion that defines a second plane orthogonal to the optical axis, wherein the second portion is to couple with an image sensor such that the image sensor is oriented orthogonal to the optical axis; and 
 
 an actuator module to move the lens group, relative to the image sensor, in multiple directions. 
 
     
     
       19. The folded optics system of  claim 18 , wherein the first portion of the base structure defines a recess for receiving at least a portion of the lens group. 
     
     
       20. The folded optics system of  claim 18 , wherein:
 the second portion comprises:
 an object side facing the lens group; and 
 an image side to face the image sensor; and 
 
 the second portion of the base structure defines a window that allows light to pass from the lens group to the image sensor.

Description:
This application claims benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/906,034, filed Sep. 25, 2019, titled “Camera With Folded Optics”, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Technical Field 
     This disclosure relates generally to architecture for a camera with folded optics and lens shifting capabilities. 
     Description of the Related Art 
     The advent of small, mobile multipurpose devices such as smartphones and tablet or pad devices has resulted in a need for high-resolution, small form factor cameras for integration in the devices. Some small form factor cameras may incorporate optical image stabilization (OIS) mechanisms that may sense and react to external excitation/disturbance by adjusting location of the optical lens on the X and/or Y axis in an attempt to compensate for unwanted motion of the lens. Some small form factor cameras may incorporate an autofocus (AF) mechanism whereby the object focal distance can be adjusted to focus an object plane in front of the camera at an image plane to be captured by the image sensor. In some such autofocus mechanisms, the optical lens is moved as a single rigid body along the optical axis of the camera to refocus the camera. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  illustrates a perspective view of an example camera with a folded optics arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates an example of 3-axis movement of a lens group within a folded optics arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates an exploded view of an example camera having a folded optics arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 4  illustrates a side cross-sectional view of an example camera having a folded optics arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 5  illustrates a perspective view of an example base structure of a camera having a folded optics arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 6  illustrates a perspective view of an example camera having a folded optics arrangement, with an outer can covering at least a portion of the internal components of the camera, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 7A-7C  each illustrate a respective view of an example suspension arrangement for a camera having a folded optics arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG. 7A  shows a perspective view of the suspension arrangement. 
         FIG. 7B  shows a top view of the suspension arrangement.  FIG. 7C  shows a side view of the suspension arrangement. 
         FIGS. 8A-8E  each illustrates a respective view of an example position sensor arrangement  800  for a camera having a folded optics arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG. 8A  shows a perspective view of the position sensor arrangement. The position sensor arrangement may include position sensors for position sensing with respect to AF movement, OIS-Y movement, and OIS-Z movement. FIG.  8 B shows a detail view that focuses on position sensing with respect to AF movement.  FIGS. 8C-8D  each shows a respective detail view that focuses on position sensing with respect to OIS-Y movement.  FIG. 8E  shows a detail view that focuses on position sensing with respect to OIS-Z movement. 
         FIGS. 9A-9C  each illustrate a respective view of another example position sensor arrangement for a camera having a folded optics arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG. 9A  shows a perspective view of the position sensor arrangement. The position sensor arrangement may include position sensors for position sensing with respect to AF movement, OIS-Z movement, and OIS-Y movement.  FIG. 9B  shows a cross-sectional view that focuses on position sensing with respect to AF movement.  FIG. 9C  shows a cross-sectional view that focuses on position sensing with respect to OIS-Z and OIS-Y movement. 
         FIG. 10  illustrates a block diagram of an example portable multifunction device that may include a camera having a folded optics arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 11  depicts an example portable multifunction device that may include a camera having a folded optics arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 12  illustrates an example computer system that may include a camera having a folded optics arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     This specification includes references to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment.” The appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner consistent with this disclosure. 
     “Comprising.” This term is open-ended. As used in the appended claims, this term does not foreclose additional structure or steps. Consider a claim that recites: “An apparatus comprising one or more processor units . . . .” Such a claim does not foreclose the apparatus from including additional components (e.g., a network interface unit, graphics circuitry, etc.). 
     “Configured To.” Various units, circuits, or other components may be described or claimed as “configured to” perform a task or tasks. In such contexts, “configured to” is used to connote structure by indicating that the units/circuits/components include structure (e.g., circuitry) that performs those task or tasks during operation. As such, the unit/circuit/component can be said to be configured to perform the task even when the specified unit/circuit/component is not currently operational (e.g., is not on). The units/circuits/components used with the “configured to” language include hardware—for example, circuits, memory storing program instructions executable to implement the operation, etc. Reciting that a unit/circuit/component is “configured to” perform one or more tasks is expressly intended not to invoke 35 U.S.C. § 112, sixth paragraph, for that unit/circuit/component. Additionally, “configured to” can include generic structure (e.g., generic circuitry) that is manipulated by software and/or firmware (e.g., an FPGA or a general-purpose processor executing software) to operate in manner that is capable of performing the task(s) at issue. “Configure to” may also include adapting a manufacturing process (e.g., a semiconductor fabrication facility) to fabricate devices (e.g., integrated circuits) that are adapted to implement or perform one or more tasks. 
     “First,” “Second,” etc. As used herein, these terms are used as labels for nouns that they precede, and do not imply any type of ordering (e.g., spatial, temporal, logical, etc.). For example, a buffer circuit may be described herein as performing write operations for “first” and “second” values. The terms “first” and “second” do not necessarily imply that the first value must be written before the second value. 
     “Based On.” As used herein, this term is used to describe one or more factors that affect a determination. This term does not foreclose additional factors that may affect a determination. That is, a determination may be solely based on those factors or based, at least in part, on those factors. Consider the phrase “determine A based on B.” While in this case, B is a factor that affects the determination of A, such a phrase does not foreclose the determination of A from also being based on C. In other instances, A may be determined based solely on B. 
     It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first contact could be termed a second contact, and, similarly, a second contact could be termed a first contact, without departing from the intended scope. The first contact and the second contact are both contacts, but they are not the same contact. 
     The terminology used in the description herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     As used herein, the term “if” may be construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” may be construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event],” depending on the context. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Some embodiments include camera equipment outfitted with controls, magnets, and voice coil motors to improve the effectiveness of a miniature actuation mechanism for a compact camera module. More specifically, in some embodiments, compact camera modules include actuators to deliver functions such as autofocus (AF) and/or optical image stabilization (OIS). One approach to delivering a very compact actuator for AF and/or OIS is to use a voice coil motor (VCM) actuator. 
     Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that some embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments. 
     Described here are folded optics arrangements for providing a reduced-height imaging system. The arrangements discussed throughout generally comprise one or more lenses and one or more light path folding elements (e.g., a prism, a mirror, etc.), which collectively provides a folded light path. The one or more lenses may be moveable the light path folding element(s) and/or an image sensor to provide autofocus and/or image stabilization during imaging.  FIG. 1  shows a generalized example of a camera  100  with a folded optics arrangement. The example X-Y-Z coordinate system shown in  FIG. 1  is used to discuss aspects of systems and/or system components, and may apply to embodiments described throughout this disclosure. 
     In various embodiments, the camera  100  may include a lens group  102 , a prism  104 , and an image sensor package  106 . The lens group  102  may include one or more lens elements. In some embodiments, the lens group  102  may be located between the prism  104  and the image sensor package  106 . Light may follow an optical path  108  that is folded by the prism  104  such that the light is directed towards the lens group  102 , passes through the lens group  102 , and propagates towards the image sensor package  106 . In some examples, light may enter an object side of the prism  104  along the Z-axis. The prism  104  may redirect the light to propagate along the X-axis (which may be parallel to an optical axis defined by the lens group  102 ) towards the lens group  102  and the image sensor package  106 . The prism  104 , the lens group  102 , and/or the image sensor package  106  may be positioned along a common axis (e.g., the X-axis, the optical axis defined by the lens group  102 , etc.). According to some examples, the optical path  108  may be contained within a plane (e.g., the X-Z plane), and the image sensor package  106  may extend along a different plane (e.g., the Y-Z plane). 
     In some embodiments, the object side of the prism  104  may extend along the X-Y plane. Furthermore, the prism  104  may include a pair of opposing lateral sides that each extend along the X-Z plane, a lens group facing side that extends along the Y-Z plane, and a reflecting surface side that is angled relative to one or more of the other sides of the prism  104 . For example, the reflecting surface side of the prism  104  may include a reflective surface that is angled so as to redirect light received from the object side of the prism  104  towards the lens group  102  (via the lens group facing side of the prism  104 ) and/or the image sensor package  106 , as discussed above. 
     While the light path folding element(s) are shown in various figures as comprising prisms (e.g., the prism  104 ), the camera systems and/or folded optics arrangements described herein may include any suitable light path folding element (e.g., a mirror or the like) or combination of elements. In some embodiments, one or more of the light path folding elements may also act as a lens element (or combination of lens elements). For example, one or more lens elements (e.g., other than those of the lens group  102 ) may be integrated with the prism  104  such that the prism acts as a lens element. Additionally, or alternatively, the prism  104  may be shaped such that the prism  104  acts as a lens element. 
     As will be discussed in further detail below, the lens group  102  may be coupled with an actuator structure that is configured to move the lens group  102  along multiple axes, e.g., to provide autofocus (AF) and/or optical image stabilization (OIS) functionality.  FIG. 2  shows an example of 3-axis movement of the lens group  102  to provide AF and/or OIS functionality. For example, the lens group  102  may be shifted (e.g., by an actuator structure, such as the actuator structures/arrangements discussed in further detail below) along the X-axis to provide AF movement. Additionally, or alternatively, the lens group  102  may be shifted along the Z-axis to provide OIS-Z movement (e.g., movement that shifts the image projected on the image sensor package  106  in one or more directions parallel to the Z-axis). Additionally, or alternatively, the lens group  102  may be shifted along the Y-axis to provide OIS-Y movement (e.g., movement that shifts the image projected on the image sensor package  106  in one or more directions parallel to the Y-axis). Components of the camera  100  (e.g., the lens group  102 , the prism  104 , and/or the image sensor package  106 , etc.) may be used with any of the actuator arrangements described in the following figures. 
     As mentioned above, the camera systems described here may comprise an actuator system to move the lens group relative to one or more light path folding elements (e.g., the prism  104 ). The actuator arrangements described here may generally comprise one or more carrier structures (e.g., the inner carrier structures and/or the outer carrier structures of the carrier arrangements discussed below), one or more suspension structures for moveably holding the carrier structure(s) relative to the rest of the camera and/or for moveably holding a carrier structure relative to another carrier structure, and an actuator module for controlling movement of the carrier structure(s).  FIGS. 3 and 4  illustrate an exploded view and a side cross-sectional view, respectively, of an example camera  300  with a folded optics arrangement. 
     In some embodiments, the camera  300  may include a lens group  302 , a prism  304 , and an image sensor  306 . The lens group  302  may include one or more lens elements disposed within a lens barrel  308 . 
     As will be discussed in further detail below, the camera  300  may include an actuator module that provides for shifting the lens group  302  along multiple axes, e.g., to provide AF and/or OIS movement. In some embodiments, the actuator module may comprise a voice coil motor (VCM) actuator module that includes one or more VCM actuators. For instance, the actuator module may include one or more magnets and one or more coils. The magnets and coils may magnetically interact (e.g., when electrical current is provided to the coils) to produce Lorentz forces that move the lens group  302 . 
     According to various embodiments, the camera  300  may include a carrier arrangement that includes an inner carrier structure (e.g., the lens barrel  308  and/or a lens carrier  310 ) and an outer carrier structure (e.g., a magnet holder  312  and/or a magnet frame). In some embodiments, the magnet holder  312  may extend at least partially around the prism and the lens barrel  308  (and the lens group  302 ). For instance, as shown in  FIG. 3 , the magnet holder  312  may be U-shaped in some embodiments. 
     The magnet holder  312  may have multiple sides and/or portions. For example, the magnet holder  312  may have a first side, a second side, and a third side. The first side may be a lateral side extending along the X-axis and along the side surfaces of the optical elements. The second side may be a lateral side extending along the X-axis and along opposite side surfaces of the optical elements. The third side may be a distal/object side extending along the Y-axis, and may be positioned behind at least a portion of the reflecting surface side of the prism  304  (e.g., such that the prism  304  is disposed between the lens group  302  and the magnet holder  312 ). 
     According to some examples, a first portion of the magnet holder  312  (e.g., the first side of the magnet holder  312 ) may extend proximate a first side of the lens barrel  308 , a second portion of the magnet holder  312  (e.g., the second side of the magnet holder  312 ) may extend proximate a second side of the lens barrel  308  that is opposite the first side of the lens barrel  308 , and a third portion of the magnet holder  312  (e.g., the third side of the magnet holder  312 ) may be tucked under a portion of the prism  304  and may extend from the first portion to the second portion, e.g., as shown in  FIG. 4 . In some embodiments, the magnet holder  312  (and/or outer carrier structure) may have a different number of sides and/or a different combination of sides than shown in  FIGS. 3 and 4 . 
     As will be discussed below with reference to  FIGS. 7A-7C , the inner carrier structure (e.g., lens barrel  308  and/or lens carrier  310 ) may be suspended from the outer carrier structure (e.g., magnet holder  312 ) via a suspension arrangement. Additionally, or alternatively, the outer structure may be suspended from a fixed (or static) structure (e.g., base structure  314 ). In some embodiments, the suspension arrangement may include one or more top springs  316 , one or more bottom springs  318 , and/or one or more suspension wires  320 . The suspension arrangement may allow the inner carrier structure to move relative to the outer carrier structure. Furthermore, the suspension arrangement may allow the inner structure to move together with the outer carrier structure relative to the fixed structure. In various examples, the lens carrier  310  may be fixedly attached to the lens barrel  308 , and the lens barrel  308  may be fixedly attached to the lens group  302 . As such, movement of the lens carrier  310  and/or the lens barrel  308  (e.g., due to actuation of one or more actuators of the actuator module) may cause movement of the lens group  302 , such that the lens group  302  moves together with the lens barrel  308  and the lens carrier  310 . According to some embodiments, the fixed structure may include a component of the camera  300  to which the carrier arrangement is moveably connected (e.g., via suspension elements). The fixed structure may be fixed relative to movement of the carrier arrangement. In some examples, the fixed structure may include multiple components that are joined or otherwise fixed relative to each other. 
     In various embodiments, the actuator module may include one or more AF VCM actuators and/or one or more OIS VCM actuators. In some embodiments, the actuator module may include an AF VCM actuator (e.g., to provide AF movement), an OIS-Y VCM actuator (e.g., to provide OIS-Y movement), and an OIS-Z VCM actuator (e.g., to provide OIS-Z movement), each of which may include one or more magnets and one or more coils. 
     In some examples, the AF VCM actuator may include an AF magnet  322  (e.g., a single-pole magnet, a dual-pole magnet, etc.) and an AF coil  324 . The AF magnet  322  may be attached to the base structure  314 . The AF coil  324  may be attached to the magnet holder  312 . In some embodiments, the AF magnet  322  may have a longest dimension that is substantially parallel to a longest dimension of the AF coil  324 . In some embodiments, the AF coil  324  may be oriented such that directions of current flow through the AF coil  324  define a plane that is substantially parallel to a surface of the base structure  314  (e.g., the surface on which the AF magnet  322  is mounted) and/or substantially parallel to the X-Y plane. The AF magnet  322  and the AF coil  324  may be located proximate one another, and the AF coil  324  may be electrically driven to magnetically interact with the AF magnet  322  to produce Lorentz forces that move the AF coil  324 , the magnet holder  312 , and/or the lens group  302  along an axis (e.g., along the X-axis) to provide AF movement. The AF magnet  322 , being attached to the base structure  314 , may remain stationary relative to the movement of the AF coil  324 . In various embodiments, the AF VCM actuator may be tucked within a space under a portion of the prism  304 , e.g., as indicated in  FIG. 4 . In this manner, the impact of the AF VCM actuator on the dimension of the system along its long axis (e.g., the X-axis) and along its vertical axis (e.g., the Z-axis) may be reduced or eliminated. 
     In some embodiments, the OIS-Y VCM actuator and the OIS-Z VCM actuator may share one or more OIS magnets  326  (also referred to herein as “shared OIS magnets”). In some embodiments, the shared OIS magnets  326  may be dual-pole magnets. The shared OIS magnets  326  may be attached to the magnet holder  312 , e.g., at opposing sides of the lens group  302 . 
     According to some examples, the OIS-Y VCM actuator may include one or more OIS-Y coils  328 . The OIS-Y coils  328  may be coupled to the base structure  314 . For example, the OIS-Y coils may be on a flex circuit  330  that is attached or otherwise coupled to the base structure  314 . In some embodiments, each OIS-Y coil  328  may be located below a respective shared OIS magnet  326 . The OIS-Y coils  328  may be electrically driven to magnetically interact with the shared OIS magnets  326  to produce Lorentz forces that move the shared OIS magnets  326 , the magnet holder  312 , and/or the lens group  302  along an axis (e.g., along the Y-axis) to provide OIS-Y movement (e.g., movement that shifts an image projected on the image sensor  306  in one or more directions parallel to the Y-axis). The OIS-Y coils  328 , being coupled to the base  314 , may remain stationary relative to the movement of the shared OIS magnets  326 . In some embodiments, each of the shared OIS magnets  326  may have respective longest dimensions that are substantially parallel to respective longest dimensions of the OIS-Y coils  328 . In some embodiments, the respective longest dimensions of the shared OIS magnets  326  and the OIS-Y coils  328  may be substantially parallel to a longest dimension of the system. Furthermore, the respective longest dimensions of the shared OIS magnets  326  and the OIS-Y coils  328  may be substantially orthogonal to the respective longest dimensions of the AF magnet  322  and the AF coil  324  in some embodiments. According to various embodiments, the OIS-Y coils  328  may be oriented such that directions of current flow through the OIS-Y coils  328  define a respective plane that is substantially parallel to a surface of the base structure  314 . 
     According to some examples, the OIS-Z VCM actuator may include one or more OIS-Z coils  332 . The OIS-X coils  332  may be attached to the lens carrier  310  (and/or the lens barrel  308 ). In some embodiments, each OIS-Z coil  332  may be located between a respective shared OIS magnet  326  and the lens group  302 . The OIS-Z coils  332  may be electrically driven to magnetically interact with the shared OIS magnets  326  to produce Lorentz forces that move the OIS-Z coils  332 , the lens carrier  310  (and/or the lens barrel  308 ), and the lens group  302  along an axis (e.g., along the Z-axis), relative to the magnet holder  312  and/or the base structure  314 , to provide OIS-Z movement (e.g., movement that shifts an image projected on the image sensor  306  in one or more directions parallel to the Z-axis). In some embodiments, each of the shared OIS magnets  326  may have respective longest dimensions that are substantially parallel to respective longest dimensions of the OIS-Z coils  332 . In some embodiments, the respective longest dimensions of the shared OIS magnets  326  and the OIS-Z coils  332  may be substantially parallel to a longest dimension of the system. Furthermore, the respective longest dimensions of the shared OIS magnets  326  and the OIS-Z coils  332  may be substantially orthogonal to the respective longest dimensions of the AF magnet  322  and the AF coil  324  in some embodiments. According to various embodiments, the OIS-Z coils  332  may be oriented such that directions of current flow through the OIS-Z coils  332  define a respective plane that is substantially orthogonal to a surface of the base structure  316 . 
     In various embodiments, the base structure  314  may include a first portion  334  and a second portion  336 . The first portion  334  may be located below the prism  304  and the lens group  302 . Furthermore, the first portion  334  may define a first plane that is parallel to the optical axis defined by the lens group  302 . In some embodiments, the second portion  336  may define a second plane that is orthogonal to the optical axis. In some examples, the second portion  336  may extend upwards (e.g., in the Z-axis direction) from the first portion  334  to form an L-shaped base structure  314 . According to some embodiments, the first portion  334  and the second portion  336  may be formed together as a single component. In other embodiments, the base structure  314  may be formed from multiple components. As a non-limiting example, the first portion  334  and the second portion  336  may be formed individually and coupled together to form the base structure  314 . 
     According to some embodiments, the first portion  334  of the base structure  314  may define a recess  338  for receiving at least a portion of the lens carrier  310 , at least a portion of the lens barrel  308 , and/or at least a portion of the lens group  302 . The recess  338  may enable the lens group  302  to be located lower along the Z-axis direction than it would be without the recess  338 , thereby enabling a reduction in the Z-axis dimension of at least the portion of the system that includes the lens group  302 . 
     In some embodiments, the second portion  336  of the base structure  314  may define a window  340  that allows light to pass through the second portion  336  and to the image sensor  306 . For example, the image sensor  306  may be attached to a substrate  342 , and the substrate may be attached to the second portion  336  such that at least a portion of the image sensor receives light that passes through the window  340 . 
     In some embodiments, the camera  300  may include one or more enclosures that cover at least a portion of the camera  300  (e.g., internal camera components). For example, the camera  300  may include an inner can  344  and/or an outer can  346  (not shown in  FIG. 4 ). In some examples, the inner can  344  may cover at least a portion of the actuator module. In a non-limiting example, the inner can  344  may be shaped to fit over the magnet holder  312  without covering uppermost surfaces of the prism  304  or the lens barrel  308  (and/or the lens carrier  310 ). The outer can  346  may cover the inner can  344  and the lens barrel  308  (and/or the lens carrier  310 ) without covering uppermost surfaces of the prism  304 . 
     In some embodiments, the camera  300  may include a stiffener  348  configured to be attached, or otherwise coupled, to the image sensor  306 , the substrate  342 , and/or the second portion  336  of the base structure  314 . The stiffener  348  may provide structural support to the substrate  342  and/or the second portion  336  of the base structure  314 . In some embodiments, the stiffener  348  may include a base portion  350  and one or more tab portions  352  that extend from the base portion  350  at a non-zero angle relative to the base portion  350 . For example, the tab portion(s)  352  may extend orthogonal to base portion  350 . According to some examples, the stiffener  348  may be formed by folding portions of a sheet of metal (or other suitable material) to form the tab portion(s)  352 . That is, the base portion  350  and the tab portion(s)  352  may be formed of a same sheet of metal in some embodiments. In other embodiments, the base portion  350  and the tab portion(s)  352  may be formed separately and attached to form the stiffener  348 . As indicated in  FIG. 3 , the stiffener  348  may include three tab portions  352  in some embodiments. In other embodiments, however, the stiffener  348  may include fewer or more tab portion(s)  352 . The stiffener may be configured to enclose a portion of the camera  300  that is proximate the image sensor  306  and that is not covered by the outer can  346  and/or the first portion  334  of the base structure  314 . In various embodiments, the base portion  350  may define a plane that is orthogonal to the optical axis defined by the lens group  302  and/or that is parallel to the image sensor  306 . 
     In some examples, the camera  300  may include a prism holder  354  that holds the prism  304 . The prism holder  354  may enclose one or more sides of the prism  304 . In various embodiments, the prism holder  354  may not enclose at least a portion of the object side of the prism  304 , so as to allow light to enter the prism  304 . The prism  304  may be attached to one or more fixed (or static) structures of the camera  300  via the prism holder  354 . For example, the prism holder  354  may be attached to the outer can  346  in some cases. 
     In some embodiments, the camera  300  may include a filter  402  (e.g., an infrared filter) (not shown in  FIG. 3 ). The filter  402  may be coupled to the substrate, e.g., as indicated in  FIG. 4 . For instance, the filter  402  may be located between the lens group  302  and the image sensor  306  such that light passes through the filter  402  before reaching the image sensor  306 . 
       FIG. 5  illustrates a perspective view of an example base structure  500  of a camera having a folded optics arrangement. The base structure  500  may include components that are similar to, or the same as, components of the base structure  314  described above with reference to  FIGS. 3 and 4 . 
     According to various embodiments, the base structure  500  may include a first portion  502  and a second portion  504 . The first portion  502  may be located below a prism and a lens group (e.g., the prism  304  and the lens group  302  in  FIGS. 3 and 4 ). Furthermore, the first portion  504  may define a first plane that is parallel to an optical axis defined by the lens group. In some embodiments, the second portion  504  may define a second plane that is orthogonal to the optical axis. In some examples, the second portion  504  may extend upwards (e.g., in the Z-axis direction) from the first portion  502  to form an L-shaped base structure  500 . According to some embodiments, the first portion  502  and the second portion  504  may be formed together as a single component. In other embodiments, the base structure  500  may be formed from multiple components. As a non-limiting example, the first portion  502  and the second portion  504  may be formed separately and coupled together to form the base structure  500 . 
     According to some embodiments, the first portion  502  of the base structure  500  may define a recess  506  for receiving at least a portion of a lens carrier (e.g., the lens carrier  310  in  FIGS. 3 and 4 ), at least a portion of a (e.g., the lens barrel  308  in  FIGS. 3 and 4 ), and/or at least a portion of a (e.g., the lens group  302  in  FIGS. 3 and 4 ). The recess  506  may enable the lens group to be located lower along the Z-axis direction than it would be without the recess  506 , thereby enabling a reduction in the Z-axis dimension of at least a portion of a camera system (e.g., a portion that includes the lens group). 
     In some embodiments, the second portion  504  of the base structure  500  may define a window  508  that allows light to pass through the second portion  504  and to an image sensor  510 . For example, the image sensor  510  may be attached to a substrate  512 , and the substrate  512  may be attached to the second portion  504  such that at least a portion of the image sensor  510  receives light that passes through the window  508 . 
     As indicated in  FIG. 5 , one or more components may also be coupled to the first portion  502  of the base structure  500 . For example, as similarly discussed above with reference to  FIGS. 3 and 4 , a flex circuit  514 , one or more coils  516  (e.g., OIS-Y coils), and one or more magnets  518  (e.g., an AF magnet) may be coupled to the first portion  502  of the base structure  500 . In some embodiments, the flex circuit  514  and the magnet  518  may be mounted on a top surface of the first portion  502 , e.g., as indicated in  FIG. 5 . The coil(s)  516  may be mounted on a top surface of the flex circuit  514 .  FIG. 5  further shows a coil  520  (e.g., an AF coil) disposed proximate the magnet  518 . The coil  520  may be attached to a magnet holder (e.g., the magnet holder  312  in  FIGS. 3 and 4 ) (not shown in  FIG. 5 ), and may be configured to magnetically interact with magnet  518 , e.g., to enable AF movement of the a lens group disposed above (and/or at least partially within) the recess  506  defined by the first portion  502  of the base structure  500 . 
     In some embodiments, the base structure  500  may include electrical signal traces (not shown) that convey electrical signals (e.g., power and/or control signals) between the second portion  504  and the first portion  502 . As a non-limiting example, the electrical signal traces may be conveyed from the image sensor  510  to the flex circuit  514  via the substrate  512 , the second portion  504 , and/or the first portion  502 . 
       FIG. 6  illustrates a perspective view of an example camera  600  having a folded optics arrangement, with an outer can  602  (e.g., a shield can) covering at least a portion of the internal components of the camera  600 . The camera  600  may include components that are similar to, or the same as, components of the camera  300  described above with reference to  FIGS. 3 and 4 . Furthermore, the outer can  602  may be similar to, or the same as, the outer can  346  described above with reference to  FIG. 3 . 
     In some embodiments, the outer can  602  may configured to partly enclose an upper portion of the camera  600 . Furthermore, the outer can  600  may be configured to enclose one or more side portions of the camera  600 . For example, as indicated in  FIG. 6 , the outer can  600  may enclose three side portions of the camera  600 . The camera  600  may include a base structure  604  that encloses a bottom portion of the camera  600 , and a stiffener  606  that encloses another side portion of the camera (e.g., a side portion that is not enclosed by the outer can  602  or the base structure  604 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 6 , the camera  600  may include a prism  608  attached to a prism holder  610 . The outer can  602  may be formed such that it does not enclose (or cover) an upper portion of the prism  608  and/or an upper portion of the prism holder  610 . As such, an object side of the prism  608  may be exposed such that light is capable of entering the prism  608  via its object side. 
       FIGS. 7A-7C  each illustrate a respective view of an example suspension arrangement  700  for a camera having a folded optics arrangement.  FIG. 7A  shows a perspective view of the suspension arrangement  700 .  FIG. 7B  shows a top view of the suspension arrangement  700 .  FIG. 7C  shows a side view of the suspension arrangement  700 . 
     In some embodiments, the camera may include a lens group  702 , e.g., between a prism and an image sensor as discussed above with reference to at least  FIGS. 1, 3, and 4 . The lens group  702  may include one or more lens elements disposed within a lens barrel  704 . Furthermore, in various embodiments, the camera may include a lens carrier  706  configured to hold the lens barrel  704  and/or the lens group  702 . For instance, the lens carrier  706  may at least partially surround the lens barrel  704  in some embodiments. 
     In various embodiments, the lens carrier  706  (and/or lens barrel  704 ) may be suspended from a magnet holder  708  via the suspension arrangement  700 . Additionally, or alternatively, the magnet holder  708  may be suspended from a fixed structure (not shown) via the suspension arrangement  700 . The suspension arrangement  700  may allow the lens carrier  706  to move relative to the magnet holder  708 . Furthermore, the suspension arrangement  700  may allow the lens carrier  706  to move together with the magnet holder  708  relative to the fixed structure. 
     According to some embodiments, the suspension arrangement  700  may include a set of one or more top springs  710  attached to respective top corner portions of the magnet holder  708  and the lens carrier  706 . For instance,  FIGS. 9A-9B  show four top springs  710 , each of which includes a respective first end that is attached to a respective corner portion of the magnet holder  708 , and a second end that is attached to a corresponding corner portion of the lens carrier  706  (e.g., a corner portion of the lens carrier  706  that is located proximate the respective corner portion of the magnet holder  708 ). Furthermore, a respective suspension wire  712  may extend downward from each of the top springs  710 . A bottom end portion  714  of the respective suspension wire  710  may be attached to a fixed (or static) structure, e.g., a fixed base structure of the camera. In various embodiments, any number of the top springs  710  may be connected such that they form a single piece of material having individual portions that can independently flex. Reducing the number of individual pieces in this manner may be desirable from a manufacturing standpoint in some cases. 
     According to some embodiments, the suspension arrangement  700  may include a set of one or more bottom springs  716  attached to respective bottom corner portions of the magnet holder  708  and the lens carrier  706 . The bottom springs  716  may include a first end that is attached to a respective corner portion of the magnet holder  708 , and a second end that is attached to a corresponding corner portion of the lens carrier  706 . In some embodiments, a respective suspension wire (not shown) may extend upward from each of the bottom springs  716 . A top end portion of the respective suspension wire may be attached to a fixed structure of the camera. 
     In some embodiments one or more suspension elements used for suspending the magnet holder  708  may be decoupled from one or more suspension elements used for suspending the lens carrier  706 . For example, as indicated in  FIG. 7A , the top spring  710  may have a fixed portion  718  that is fixed relative to the magnet holder  708 . The top spring  710  may have a first portion  720  that can flex relative to the magnet holder  708  and that is connected to the suspension wire  712  for suspending the magnet holder  708 . Furthermore, the top spring  710  may have a second portion  722  that can independently flex relative to the magnet holder  708  and that is connected to the lens carrier  706  (e.g., at fixed portion  724  that is fixed relative to the lens carrier  706 ) for suspending the lens carrier  706 . In some embodiments, the first portion  720  and the second portion  722  may be made from separate pieces of material. 
     In some embodiments, one or more of the top springs  710  and/or one or more of the bottom springs  716  may not be positioned at corners of the magnet holder  708  and/or the lens carrier  706 . For example, one or more of the springs may be positioned along sides of the magnet holder  708  and/or the lens carrier  706 . Furthermore, the top springs  710  and/or the bottom springs  716  may have more (or fewer) than four springs. In some embodiments, the top springs  710  may have the same number of springs as the bottom springs  716 . In other embodiments, the top springs  710  may have a different number of springs than the bottom springs  716 . 
     In some embodiments, one or more lens elements of the lens group  702  may define an optical axis that is substantially parallel to a plane defined by the set of top springs  710 . Additionally, or alternatively, the optical axis may be substantially parallel to a plane defined by the set of bottom springs  716 . Furthermore, a plane defined by the set of top springs  710  may be substantially parallel to a plane defined by the set of bottom springs  716 . In some instances, the suspension wires  712  may extend in directions that are substantially orthogonal to the optical axis, a plane defined by the set of top springs  710 , and/or a plane defined by the set of bottom springs  716 . 
     In various embodiments, the suspension arrangement  700  may provide compliance and/or stiffness for controlled movement of the lens carrier  706  and/or the magnet holder  708 . According to some examples, the suspension wires  712  may flex to allow controlled AF movement (e.g., along the X-axis) and/or OIS-Y movement (e.g., along the Y-axis) of the magnet holder  708  together with the lens carrier  706 . In some instances, e.g., during such AF and/or OIS-Y movement, the set of top springs  710  and/or the set of bottom springs  716  may not flex (or may flex substantially less than the suspension wires  712 ). In various embodiments, the suspension wires  712  may provide compliance for such AF and/or OIS-Y movement in a controlled manner, and may provide sufficient stiffness to resist X-Y plane movement of the lens carrier (and the lens group  102 ) during OIS-Z movement. According to some examples, the set of top springs  710  and/or the set of bottom springs  716  may flex to allow controlled OIS-Z movement (e.g., in the Z-axis direction) of the lens carrier  706  relative to the magnet holder  708 . In some instances, e.g., during such OIS-Z movement, the suspension wires  712  may not flex (or may flex substantially less than the set of top springs  710  and/or the set of bottom springs  716 ). In various embodiments, the top springs  710  and/or the bottom springs  716  may provide compliance for such OIS-Z movement in a controlled manner, and may provide sufficient stiffness to resist Z-axis movement of the lens carrier  706  (and the lens group  702 ) during OIS-Y and/or AF movement. 
     In some embodiments, the camera and/or the suspension arrangement  700  may include a damper that dampens movement of one or more of the suspension wires  712 . For instance, the suspension wires  712  may be at least partially disposed within a viscoelastic material  726  (e.g., a viscoelastic gel). In some examples, the magnet holder  708  may define one or more pockets  728  within which the viscoelastic material  726  may be disposed. In some instances, the viscoelastic material  726  may be injected into a pocket  728  through a hole in a base structure (not shown) that at least partially surrounds the magnet holder  708 . For example, an insertion needle (not shown) may be inserted through the hole in the base structure to access the pocket and inject the viscoelastic material  726  into the pocket  728 . In some embodiments, protrusions may extend from corner portions of the magnet holder  708  to form the pockets  728 . While  FIG. 7A  shows pockets  728  formed from the magnet holder  708 , it should be understood that the viscoelastic material  726  may be disposed within pockets formed differently, e.g., via pockets formed of protrusions from a structure other than the magnet holder  708 , pockets formed via a combination of the magnet holder  708  and one or more other structures, etc. The viscoelastic material  726  may be located along any portion(s) of the length of a suspension wire  712 . In some embodiments, the viscoelastic material  726  may be located along a central portion of the length of a suspension wire  712 . 
     In various embodiments, the suspension arrangement  700  may be used to carry signals (e.g., power and/or control signals) from the fixed structure of the camera to the magnet holder  708  and/or the lens carrier  706 . For example, suspension wires  712  may carry the signals from the fixed structure to top springs  710 . The top springs  710  may carry the signals (e.g., via first portion  720  and fixed portion  718 ) from the suspension wires  712  to the magnet holder  708 , and the signals may be routed to one or more coils attached to the magnet holder  708 . Additionally, or alternatively, the top springs  710  may carry the signals (e.g., via second portion  722  and fixed portion  724 ) from the suspension wires  712  to the lens carrier  706 , and the signals may be routed to one or more coils attached to the lens carrier  706 . Various portions of the suspension arrangement, the magnet holder  708 , and/or the lens carrier  706  may be formed of electrically conductive material and/or may include electrical traces for carrying/routing the signals, e.g., from the fixed structure to the coils. 
       FIGS. 8A-8E  each illustrates a respective view of an example position sensor arrangement  800  for a camera having a folded optics arrangement.  FIG. 8A  shows a perspective view of the position sensor arrangement  800 . The position sensor arrangement  800  may include position sensors for position sensing with respect to AF movement, OIS-Y movement, and OIS-Z movement.  FIG. 8B  shows a detail view that focuses on position sensing with respect to AF movement.  FIGS. 8C-8D  each shows a respective detail view that focuses on position sensing with respect to OIS-Y movement.  FIG. 8E  shows a detail view that focuses on position sensing with respect to OIS-Z movement. 
     According to various embodiments, the position sensor arrangement  800  may include an AF movement position sensor arrangement  802 , an OIS-Y movement position sensor arrangement  804 , and/or an OIS-Z movement position sensor arrangement  806 . 
     In some embodiments, the AF movement position sensor arrangement  802  may include one or more AF position sensors  808  and one or more corresponding AF probe magnets  810 . The AF position sensors  808  may be magnetic field sensors (e.g., Hall sensors, tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) sensors, giant magnetoresistance (GMR) sensors, etc.) in various embodiments. An AF position sensor  808  may be disposed proximate a corresponding AF probe magnet  810  such that the AF position sensor  808  is capable of sensing one or more magnetic field components of the corresponding AF probe magnet  810 , e.g., as the AF probe magnet  810  moves relative to the AF position sensor  808 . 
     In some examples, the AF probe magnet  810  may be attached to a magnet holder  812 . The magnet holder  812  may be configured to hold one or more magnets (e.g., shared OIS magnets  814 ). Furthermore, the magnet holder  812  may be configured to hold one or more coils (e.g., AF coil  816 ). In some embodiments, the AF position sensor  808  may be attached to a fixed (or static) structure of the camera. For instance, the fixed structure may be a flex circuit  818  that is common to (or shared by) some or all of the position sensors of the position sensor arrangement  800 . That is, some or all of the position sensors of the position sensor arrangement  800  may be attached to the flex circuit  818 . Additionally, or alternatively, the flex circuit  818  may include one or more coils (e.g., OIS-Y coils  820 ). 
     In various embodiments, the AF movement position sensor arrangement  802  may include two AF position sensors  808  and two corresponding AF probe magnets  810 . A first AF position sensor  808  and a first corresponding AF probe magnet  810  may form a first pair. A second AF position sensor  808  and a second corresponding AF probe magnet  810  may form a second pair that is opposite the first pair with respect to the system X-axis, e.g., as indicated in  FIG. 8A . By having two such pairs, rotation about the system Z-axis due to system X-axis displacement may be cancelled out in some embodiments. 
     In some embodiments, the OIS-Y movement position sensor arrangement  804  may include one or more OIS-Y position sensors  822 . The OIS-Y position sensors  822  may be magnetic field sensors (e.g., Hall sensors, TMR sensors, GMR sensors, etc.) in various embodiments. An OIS-Y position sensor  822  may be disposed proximate a corresponding shared OIS magnet  814  (e.g., a dual-pole magnet) such that the OIS-Y position sensor  822  is capable of sensing one or more magnetic field components of the corresponding shared OIS magnet  814 , e.g., as the shared OIS magnet  814  moves relative to the OIS-Y position sensor  822 . 
     In some cases, the OIS-Y position sensor  822  may be attached to a fixed (or static) structure of the camera. For instance, the fixed structure may be the flex circuit  818  that is common to (or shared by) some or all of the position sensors of the position sensor arrangement  800 . In some embodiments, the OIS-Y position sensor  822  may be attached to the flex circuit  818  below the shared OIS magnet  814  and/or below the OIS-Y coil  820 , e.g., as indicated in  FIGS. 8C-8D . 
     In various embodiments, the OIS-Y movement position sensor arrangement  804  may include two OIS-Y position sensors  822  and two corresponding shared OIS magnets  814 . A first OIS-Y position sensor  822  and a first corresponding shared OIS magnet  814  may form a first pair. A second OIS-Y position sensor  822  and a second corresponding shared OIS magnet  814  may form a second pair that is opposite the first pair with respect to the system X-axis, e.g., as indicated in  FIG. 8A . By having two such pairs, rotation about the system Z-axis due to system Y-axis displacement may be cancelled out in some embodiments. 
     In some embodiments, the OIS-Z movement position sensor arrangement  806  may include one or more OIS-Z position sensors  824  and one or more corresponding OIS-Z probe magnets  826 . The OIS-Z position sensors  824  may be magnetic field sensors (e.g., Hall sensors, TMR sensors, GMR sensors, etc.) in various embodiments. An OIS-Z position sensor  824  may be disposed proximate a corresponding OIS-Z probe magnet  826  such that the OIS-Z position sensor  824  is capable of sensing one or more magnetic field components of the corresponding OIS-Z probe magnet  826 , e.g., as the OIS-Z probe magnet  826  moves relative to the OIS-Z position sensor  824 . 
     In some examples, the OIS-Z probe magnet  826  may be attached to a lens carrier  828  (or a lens barrel). The lens carrier  828  may be configured to hold a lens barrel  830  and/or a lens group  832  (e.g., a lens group having one or more lens elements disposed within the lens barrel  830 ). Furthermore, the lens carrier  828  may be configured to hold one or more coils (e.g., OIS-Z coils  834 ). In some embodiments, the OIS-Z position sensor  824  may be attached to a fixed (or static) structure of the camera. For instance, the fixed structure may be the flex circuit  818  that is common to (or shared by) some or all of the position sensors of the position sensor arrangement  800 . 
     In various embodiments, the OIS-Z movement position sensor arrangement  806  may include two OIS-Z position sensors  824  and two corresponding OIS-Z probe magnets  826 . A first OIS-Z position sensor  824  and a first corresponding OIS-Z probe magnet  826  may form a first pair. A second OIS-Z position sensor  824  and a second corresponding OIS-Z probe magnet  826  may form a second pair that is opposite the first pair with respect to the system X-axis, e.g., as indicated in  FIGS. 8A and 8E . By having two such pairs, rotation about the system Z-axis (due to system Z-axis displacement) and/or external field effects may be cancelled out in some embodiments. 
     In some embodiments, the flex circuit  818  may be coupled to (e.g., in electrical contact with) an image sensor package (not shown). Additionally, or alternatively, the image sensor package may be coupled to (e.g., in electrical contact with) another flex circuit. 
       FIGS. 9A-9C  each illustrate a respective view of another example position sensor arrangement  900 , e.g., for a camera having a folded optics arrangement.  FIG. 9A  shows a perspective view of the position sensor arrangement  900 . The position sensor arrangement  900  may include position sensors for position sensing with respect to AF movement, OIS-Z movement, and OIS-Y movement.  FIG. 9B  shows a cross-sectional view that focuses on position sensing with respect to AF movement.  FIG. 9C  shows a cross-sectional view that focuses on position sensing with respect to OIS-Z and OIS-Y movement. 
     According to various embodiments, the position sensor arrangement  900  may include an AF movement position sensor arrangement  902 , an OIS-Y movement position sensor arrangement  904 , and/or an OIS-Z movement position sensor arrangement  906 . 
     In some embodiments, the AF movement position sensor arrangement  902  may include one or more AF position sensors  908  and one or more corresponding AF probe magnets  910 , e.g., as shown in  FIGS. 9A and 9B . The AF position sensors  908  may be magnetic field sensors (e.g., Hall sensors, tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) sensors, giant magnetoresistance (GMR) sensors, etc.) in various embodiments. An AF position sensor  908  may be disposed proximate a corresponding AF probe magnet  910  such that the AF position sensor  908  is capable of sensing one or more magnetic field components of the corresponding AF probe magnet  910 , e.g., as the AF probe magnet  910  moves (e.g., along the Z-axis) relative to the AF position sensor  908 . 
     In some examples, the AF probe magnet  910  may be attached to a magnet holder  912 . The magnet holder  912  may be configured to hold one or more magnets (e.g., shared OIS magnets  914  shown in  FIGS. 9A and 9C ). Furthermore, the magnet holder  912  may be configured to hold one or more coils, such as an AF coil (not shown). In some embodiments, the AF position sensor  908  may be attached to a fixed (or static) structure of the camera. For instance, the fixed structure may be a flex circuit  916  that is common to (or shared by) some or all of the position sensors of the position sensor arrangement  900 . That is, some or all of the position sensors of the position sensor arrangement  900  may be attached to the flex circuit  916 . Additionally, or alternatively, the flex circuit  916  may include one or more coils (e.g., OIS-Y coils  918 ). 
     In various embodiments, the AF movement position sensor arrangement  902  may include two AF position sensors  908  and two corresponding AF probe magnets  910 . A first AF position sensor  908  and a first corresponding AF probe magnet  910  may form a first pair. A second AF position sensor  908  and a second corresponding AF probe magnet  910  may form a second pair that is opposite the first pair with respect to an X-Z plane that intersects one or more optical elements of the folded optics arrangement (e.g., prism  920 ). As indicated by the arrows on the AF probe magnets  910  in  FIG. 9A  (and by the hatching in  FIG. 9B ), the AF probe magnet  910  of the first pair may have a N-S polarity direction that is opposite that of the AF probe magnet  910  of the second pair. By having two such pairs, rotation about the system Z-axis due to system X-axis displacement may be cancelled out in some embodiments. 
     In some embodiments, the OIS-Y movement position sensor arrangement  904  may include one or more OIS-Y position sensors  922 , e.g., as shown in  FIGS. 9A and 9C . In a non-limiting example, the OIS-Y movement position sensor arrangement  904  may include a single OIS-Y position sensor  922 . The OIS-Y position sensor  922  may be a magnetic field sensor (e.g., Hall sensors, TMR sensors, GMR sensors, etc.) in various embodiments. The OIS-Y position sensor  922  may be disposed proximate a shared OIS magnet  914  (e.g., a dual-pole magnet) such that the OIS-Y position sensor  922  is capable of sensing one or more magnetic field components of the corresponding shared OIS magnet  914 , e.g., as the shared OIS magnet  914  moves (e.g., along the Y-axis) relative to the OIS-Y position sensor  922 . In some embodiments, due to the magnitude of the magnetic field produced by the shared OIS magnet  914 , the OIS-Y movement position sensor arrangement  904  may not require a separate probe magnet and/or more than one OIS-Y movement position sensors. 
     In some cases, the OIS-Y position sensor  922  may be attached to a fixed (or static) structure of the camera. For instance, the fixed structure may be the flex circuit  916  that is common to (or shared by) some or all of the position sensors of the position sensor arrangement  900 . In some embodiments, the OIS-Y position sensor  922  may be attached to the flex circuit  916  below the shared OIS magnet  914  and/or below the OIS-Y coil  918 , e.g., as indicated in  FIGS. 9A and 9C . 
     In some embodiments, the OIS-Z movement position sensor arrangement  906  may include one or more OIS-Z position sensors  924  and one or more corresponding OIS-Z probe magnets  926 . The OIS-Z position sensors  924  may be magnetic field sensors (e.g., Hall sensors, TMR sensors, GMR sensors, etc.) in various embodiments. An OIS-Z position sensor  924  may be disposed proximate a corresponding OIS-Z probe magnet  926  such that the OIS-Z position sensor  924  is capable of sensing one or more magnetic field components of the corresponding OIS-Z probe magnet  926 , e.g., as the OIS-Z probe magnet  926  moves (e.g., along the Z-axis) relative to the OIS-Z position sensor  924 . 
     In some examples, the OIS-Z probe magnet  926  may be attached to a lens carrier  928  (or a lens barrel). The lens carrier  928  may be configured to hold a lens barrel  930  and/or a lens group  932  (e.g., a lens group having one or more lens elements disposed within the lens barrel  930 ). Furthermore, the lens carrier  928  may be configured to hold one or more coils (e.g., OIS-Z coils  934  shown in  FIG. 9C ). In some embodiments, the OIS-Z position sensor  924  may be attached to a fixed (or static) structure of the camera. For instance, the fixed structure may be the flex circuit  916  that is common to (or shared by) some or all of the position sensors of the position sensor arrangement  900 . 
     In various embodiments, the OIS-Z movement position sensor arrangement  906  may include two OIS-Z position sensors  924  and two corresponding OIS-Z probe magnets  926 . A first OIS-Z position sensor  924  and a first corresponding OIS-Z probe magnet  926  may form a first pair. A second OIS-Z position sensor  924  and a second corresponding OIS-Z probe magnet  926  may form a second pair that is opposite the first pair with respect to an X-Z plane that intersects the lens group  932 . As indicated by the arrows on the OIS-Z probe magnets  926  in  FIG. 9A  (and by the hatching in  FIG. 9C ), the OIS-Z probe magnet  926  of the first pair may have a N-S polarity direction that is opposite that of the OIS-Z probe magnet  926  of the second pair. By having two such pairs, rotation about the system Z-axis (due to system Z-axis displacement) and/or external field effects may be cancelled out in some embodiments. 
     In a non-limiting embodiment, the AF position sensor arrangement  902  may include two AF position sensors  908  (e.g., two TMR sensors), the OIS-Y position sensor arrangement  904  may include an OIS-Y position sensor  922  (e.g., a Hall sensor), and the OIS-Z position sensor arrangement  906  may include two OIS-Z position sensors  924  (e.g., two TMR sensors). 
     Multifunction Device Examples 
     Embodiments of electronic devices, user interfaces for such devices, and associated processes for using such devices are described. In some embodiments, the device is a portable communications device, such as a mobile telephone, that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/or music player functions. Example embodiments of portable multifunction devices include, without limitation, the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. Other portable electronic devices, such as laptops, cameras, cell phones, or tablet computers, may also be used. It should also be understood that, in some embodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but is a desktop computer with a camera. In some embodiments, the device is a gaming computer with orientation sensors (e.g., orientation sensors in a gaming controller). In other embodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but is a camera. 
     In the discussion that follows, an electronic device that includes a display and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should be understood, however, that the electronic device may include one or more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physical keyboard, a mouse and/or a joystick. 
     The device typically supports a variety of applications, such as one or more of the following: a drawing application, a presentation application, a word processing application, a website creation application, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheet application, a gaming application, a telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, a workout support application, a photo management application, a digital camera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing application, a digital music player application, and/or a digital video player application. 
     The various applications that may be executed on the device may use at least one common physical user-interface device, such as the touch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitive surface as well as corresponding information displayed on the device may be adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physical architecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the device may support the variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and transparent to the user. 
     Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable devices with cameras.  FIG. 10  illustrates a block diagram of an example portable multifunction device  1000  that may include one or more cameras (e.g., the cameras described above with reference to  FIGS. 1-9C ), in accordance with some embodiments. Cameras  1064  are sometimes called “optical sensors” for convenience, and may also be known as or called an optical sensor system. Device  1000  may include memory  1002  (which may include one or more computer readable storage mediums), memory controller  1022 , one or more processing units (CPUs)  1020 , peripherals interface  1018 , RF circuitry  1008 , audio circuitry  1010 , speaker  1011 , touch-sensitive display system  1012 , microphone  1013 , input/output (I/O) subsystem  1006 , other input or control devices  1016 , and external port  1024 . Device  1000  may include multiple optical sensors  1064 . These components may communicate over one or more communication buses or signal lines  1003 . 
     It should be appreciated that device  1000  is only one example of a portable multifunction device, and that device  1000  may have more or fewer components than shown, may combine two or more components, or may have a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown in  FIG. 10  may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software, including one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits. 
     Memory  1002  may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Access to memory  1002  by other components of device  1000 , such as CPU  1020  and the peripherals interface  1018 , may be controlled by memory controller  1022 . 
     Peripherals interface  1018  can be used to couple input and output peripherals of the device to CPU  1020  and memory  1002 . The one or more processors  1020  run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in memory  1002  to perform various functions for device  1000  and to process data. 
     In some embodiments, peripherals interface  1018 , CPU  1020 , and memory controller  1022  may be implemented on a single chip, such as chip  1004 . In some other embodiments, they may be implemented on separate chips. 
     RF (radio frequency) circuitry  1008  receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  1008  converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  1008  may include well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RF circuitry  1008  may communicate with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The wireless communication may use any of a variety of communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), high-speed uplink packet access (HSDPA), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document. 
     Audio circuitry  1010 , speaker  1011 , and microphone  1013  provide an audio interface between a user and device  1000 . Audio circuitry  1010  receives audio data from peripherals interface  1018 , converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to speaker  1011 . Speaker  1011  converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves. Audio circuitry  1010  also receives electrical signals converted by microphone  1013  from sound waves. Audio circuitry  1010  converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to peripherals interface  1018  for processing. Audio data may be retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory  1002  and/or RF circuitry  1008  by peripherals interface  1018 . In some embodiments, audio circuitry  1010  also includes a headset jack (e.g.,  1112 ,  FIG. 11 ). The headset jack provides an interface between audio circuitry  1010  and removable audio input/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headset with both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input (e.g., a microphone). 
     I/O subsystem  1006  couples input/output peripherals on device  1000 , such as touch screen  1012  and other input control devices  1016 , to peripherals interface  1018 . I/O subsystem  1006  may include display controller  1056  and one or more input controllers  1060  for other input or control devices. The one or more input controllers  1060  receive/send electrical signals from/to other input or control devices  1016 . The other input control devices  1016  may include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s)  1060  may be coupled to any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, infrared port, USB port, and a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g.,  1108 ,  FIG. 11 ) may include an up/down button for volume control of speaker  1011  and/or microphone  1013 . The one or more buttons may include a push button (e.g.,  1106 ,  FIG. 11 ). 
     Touch-sensitive display  1012  provides an input interface and an output interface between the device and a user. Display controller  1056  receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to touch screen  1012 . Touch screen  1012  displays visual output to the user. The visual output may include graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all of the visual output may correspond to user-interface objects. 
     Touch screen  1012  has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor or set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact. Touch screen  1012  and display controller  1056  (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory  1002 ) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on touch screen  1012  and converts the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages or images) that are displayed on touch screen  1012 . In an example embodiment, a point of contact between touch screen  1012  and the user corresponds to a finger of the user. 
     Touch screen  1012  may use LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED (light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologies may be used in other embodiments. Touch screen  1012  and display controller  1056  may detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of a variety of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with touch screen  1012 . In an example embodiment, projected mutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. 
     Touch screen  1012  may have a video resolution in excess of 800 dpi. In some embodiments, the touch screen has a video resolution of approximately 860 dpi. The user may make contact with touch screen  1012  using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to work primarily with finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired by the user. 
     In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, device  1000  may include a touchpad (not shown) for activating or deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output. The touchpad may be a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from touch screen  1012  or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen. 
     Device  1000  also includes power system  1062  for powering the various components. Power system  1062  may include a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices. 
     Device  1000  may also include one or more optical sensors or cameras  1064 .  FIG. 10  shows an optical sensor  1064  coupled to optical sensor controller  1058  in I/O subsystem  1006 . Optical sensor  1064  may include charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistors. Optical sensor  1064  receives light from the environment, projected through one or more lens, and converts the light to data representing an image. In conjunction with imaging module  1043  (also called a camera module), optical sensor  1064  may capture still images or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensor  1064  is located on the back of device  1000 , opposite touch screen display  1012  on the front of the device, so that the touch screen display  1012  may be used as a viewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition. In some embodiments, another optical sensor is located on the front of the device so that the user&#39;s image may be obtained for videoconferencing while the user views the other video conference participants on the touch screen display. 
     Device  1000  may also include one or more proximity sensors  1066 .  FIG. 10  shows proximity sensor  1066  coupled to peripherals interface  1018 . Alternately, proximity sensor  1066  may be coupled to input controller  1060  in I/O subsystem  1006 . In some embodiments, the proximity sensor  1066  turns off and disables touch screen  1012  when the multifunction device  1000  is placed near the user&#39;s ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call). 
     Device  1000  includes one or more orientation sensors  1068 . In some embodiments, the one or more orientation sensors  1068  include one or more accelerometers (e.g., one or more linear accelerometers and/or one or more rotational accelerometers). In some embodiments, the one or more orientation sensors  1068  include one or more gyroscopes. In some embodiments, the one or more orientation sensors  1068  include one or more magnetometers. In some embodiments, the one or more orientation sensors  1068  include one or more of global positioning system (GPS), Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), and/or other global navigation system receivers. The GPS, GLONASS, and/or other global navigation system receivers may be used for obtaining information concerning the location and orientation (e.g., portrait or landscape) of device  1000 . In some embodiments, the one or more orientation sensors  1068  include any combination of orientation/rotation sensors.  FIG. 10  shows the one or more orientation sensors  1068  coupled to peripherals interface  1018 . Alternately, the one or more orientation sensors  1068  may be coupled to an input controller  1060  in I/O subsystem  1006 . In some embodiments, information is displayed on the touch screen display  1012  in a portrait view or a landscape view based on an analysis of data received from the one or more orientation sensors  1068 . 
     In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory  1002  include operating system  1026 , communication module (or set of instructions)  1028 , contact/motion module (or set of instructions)  1030 , graphics module (or set of instructions)  1032 , text input module (or set of instructions)  1034 , Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set of instructions)  1035 , arbiter module  1058  and applications (or sets of instructions)  1036 . Furthermore, in some embodiments memory  1002  stores device/global internal state  1057 . Device/global internal state  1057  includes one or more of: active application state, indicating which applications, if any, are currently active; display state, indicating what applications, views or other information occupy various regions of touch screen display  1012 ; sensor state, including information obtained from the device&#39;s various sensors and input control devices  1016 ; and location information concerning the device&#39;s location and/or attitude. 
     Operating system  1026  (e.g., Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components. 
     Communication module  1028  facilitates communication with other devices over one or more external ports  1024  and also includes various software components for handling data received by RF circuitry  1008  and/or external port  1024 . External port  1024  (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connector. 
     Contact/motion module  1030  may detect contact with touch screen  1012  (in conjunction with display controller  1056 ) and other touch sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). Contact/motion module  1030  includes various software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact, such as determining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-down event), determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact). Contact/motion module  1030  receives contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which is represented by a series of contact data, may include determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. These operations may be applied to single contacts (e.g., one finger contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g., “multitouch”/multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments, contact/motion module  1030  and display controller  1056  detect contact on a touchpad. 
     Contact/motion module  1030  may detect a gesture input by a user. Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contact patterns. Thus, a gesture may be detected by detecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a finger tap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event at the same position (or substantially the same position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequently followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event. 
     Graphics module  1032  includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics on touch screen  1012  or other display, including components for changing the intensity of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics” includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including without limitation text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations and the like. 
     In some embodiments, graphics module  1032  stores data representing graphics to be used. Each graphic may be assigned a corresponding code. Graphics module  1032  receives, from applications etc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with, if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and then generates screen image data to output to display controller  1056 . 
     Text input module  1034 , which may be a component of graphics module  1032 , provides soft keyboards for entering text in various applications (e.g., contacts  1037 , e-mail  1040 , IM  1041 , browser  1047 , and any other application that needs text input). 
     GPS module  1035  determines the location of the device and provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone  1038  for use in location-based dialing, to camera  1043  as picture/video metadata, and to applications that provide location-based services such as weather widgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets). 
     Applications  1036  may include the following modules (or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof:
         contacts module  1037  (sometimes called an address book or contact list);   telephone module  1038 ;   video conferencing module  1039 ;   e-mail client module  1040 ;   instant messaging (IM) module  1041 ;   workout support module  1042 ;   camera module  1043  for still and/or video images;   image management module  1044 ;   browser module  1047 ;   calendar module  1048 ;   widget modules  1049 , which may include one or more of: weather widget  1049 - 1 , stocks widget  1049 - 2 , calculator widget  1049 - 3 , alarm clock widget  1049 - 4 , dictionary widget  1049 - 5 , and other widgets obtained by the user, as well as user-created widgets  1049 - 6 ;   widget creator module  1050  for making user-created widgets  1049 - 6 ;   search module  1051 ;   video and music player module  1052 , which may be made up of a video player module and a music player module;   notes module  1053 ;   map module  1054 ; and/or   online video module  1055 .       

     Examples of other applications  1036  that may be stored in memory  1002  include other word processing applications, other image editing applications, drawing applications, presentation applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice replication. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  1012 , display controller  1056 , contact module  1030 , graphics module  1032 , and text input module  1034 , contacts module  1037  may be used to manage an address book or contact list (e.g., stored in application internal state  1057 ), including: adding name(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book; associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or other information with a name; associating an image with a name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers or e-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications by telephone  1038 , video conference  1039 , e-mail  1040 , or IM  1041 ; and so forth. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  1008 , audio circuitry  1010 , speaker  1011 , microphone  1013 , touch screen  1012 , display controller  1056 , contact module  1030 , graphics module  1032 , and text input module  1034 , telephone module  1038  may be used to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers in address book  1037 , modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation and disconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As noted above, the wireless communication may use any of a variety of communications standards, protocols and technologies. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  1008 , audio circuitry  1010 , speaker  1011 , microphone  1013 , touch screen  1012 , display controller  1056 , optical sensor  1064 , optical sensor controller  1058 , contact module  1030 , graphics module  1032 , text input module  1034 , contact list  1037 , and telephone module  1038 , videoconferencing module  1039  includes executable instructions to initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user and one or more other participants in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  1008 , touch screen  1012 , display controller  1056 , contact module  1030 , graphics module  1032 , and text input module  1034 , e-mail client module  1040  includes executable instructions to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response to user instructions. In conjunction with image management module  1044 , e-mail client module  1040  makes it very easy to create and send e-mails with still or video images taken with camera module  1043 . 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  1008 , touch screen  1012 , display controller  1056 , contact module  1030 , graphics module  1032 , and text input module  1034 , the instant messaging module  1041  includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to an instant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit a respective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service (SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-based instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS for Internet-based instant messages), to receive instant messages and to view received instant messages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or received instant messages may include graphics, photos, audio files, video files and/or other attachments as are supported in a MMS and/or an Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging” refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  1008 , touch screen  1012 , display controller  1056 , contact module  1030 , graphics module  1032 , text input module  1034 , GPS module  1035 , map module  1054 , and music player module  1046 , workout support module  1042  includes executable instructions to create workouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burning goals); communicate with workout sensors (sports devices); receive workout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout; select and play music for a workout; and display, store and transmit workout data. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  1012 , display controller  1056 , optical sensor(s)  1064 , optical sensor controller  1058 , contact module  1030 , graphics module  1032 , and image management module  1044 , camera module  1043  includes executable instructions to capture still images or video (including a video stream) and store them into memory  1002 , modify characteristics of a still image or video, or delete a still image or video from memory  1002 . 
     In conjunction with touch screen  1012 , display controller  1056 , contact module  1030 , graphics module  1032 , text input module  1034 , and camera module  1043 , image management module  1044  includes executable instructions to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/or video images. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  1008 , touch screen  1012 , display system controller  1056 , contact module  1030 , graphics module  1032 , and text input module  1034 , browser module  1047  includes executable instructions to browse the Internet in accordance with user instructions, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portions thereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  1008 , touch screen  1012 , display system controller  1056 , contact module  1030 , graphics module  1032 , text input module  1034 , e-mail client module  1040 , and browser module  1047 , calendar module  1048  includes executable instructions to create, display, modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendar entries, to do lists, etc.) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  1008 , touch screen  1012 , display system controller  1056 , contact module  1030 , graphics module  1032 , text input module  1034 , and browser module  1047 , widget modules  1049  are mini-applications that may be downloaded and used by a user (e.g., weather widget  549 - 1 , stocks widget  549 - 2 , calculator widget  1049 - 3 , alarm clock widget  1049 - 4 , and dictionary widget  1049 - 5 ) or created by the user (e.g., user-created widget  1049 - 6 ). In some embodiments, a widget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In some embodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  1008 , touch screen  1012 , display system controller  1056 , contact module  1030 , graphics module  1032 , text input module  1034 , and browser module  1047 , the widget creator module  1050  may be used by a user to create widgets (e.g., turning a user-specified portion of a web page into a widget). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  1012 , display system controller  1056 , contact module  1030 , graphics module  1032 , and text input module  1034 , search module  1051  includes executable instructions to search for text, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory  1002  that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  1012 , display system controller  1056 , contact module  1030 , graphics module  1032 , audio circuitry  1010 , speaker  1011 , RF circuitry  1008 , and browser module  1047 , video and music player module  1052  includes executable instructions that allow the user to download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, and executable instructions to display, present or otherwise play back videos (e.g., on touch screen  1012  or on an external, connected display via external port  1024 ). In some embodiments, device  1000  may include the functionality of an MP3 player. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  1012 , display controller  1056 , contact module  1030 , graphics module  1032 , and text input module  1034 , notes module  1053  includes executable instructions to create and manage notes, to do lists, and the like in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  1008 , touch screen  1012 , display system controller  1056 , contact module  1030 , graphics module  1032 , text input module  1034 , GPS module  1035 , and browser module  1047 , map module  1054  may be used to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data associated with maps (e.g., driving directions; data on stores and other points of interest at or near a particular location; and other location-based data) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  1012 , display system controller  1056 , contact module  1030 , graphics module  1032 , audio circuitry  1010 , speaker  1011 , RF circuitry  1008 , text input module  1034 , e-mail client module  1040 , and browser module  1047 , online video module  1055  includes instructions that allow the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen or on an external, connected display via external port  1024 ), send an e-mail with a link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats, such as H.264. In some embodiments, instant messaging module  1041 , rather than e-mail client module  1040 , is used to send a link to a particular online video. 
     Each of the above identified modules and applications correspond to a set of executable instructions for performing one or more functions described above and the methods described in this application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods described herein). These modules (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  1002  may store a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  1002  may store additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     In some embodiments, device  1000  is a device where operation of a predefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/or a touchpad as the primary input control device for operation of device  1000 , the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) on device  1000  may be reduced. 
     The predefined set of functions that may be performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad include navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by the user, navigates device  1000  to a main, home, or root menu from any user interface that may be displayed on device  1000 . In such embodiments, the touchpad may be referred to as a “menu button.” In some other embodiments, the menu button may be a physical push button or other physical input control device instead of a touchpad. 
       FIG. 11  depicts illustrates an example portable multifunction device  1000  that may include one or more cameras (e.g., the cameras described above with reference to  FIGS. 1-9C ), in accordance with some embodiments. The device  1000  may have a touch screen  1012 . The touch screen  1012  may display one or more graphics within user interface (UI)  1100 . In this embodiment, as well as others described below, a user may select one or more of the graphics by making a gesture on the graphics, for example, with one or more fingers  1102  (not drawn to scale in the figure) or one or more styluses  1103  (not drawn to scale in the figure). 
     Device  1000  may also include one or more physical buttons, such as “home” or menu button  1104 . As described previously, menu button  1104  may be used to navigate to any application  1036  in a set of applications that may be executed on device  1000 . Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button  1104  is implemented as a soft key in a GUI displayed on touch screen  1012 . 
     In one embodiment, device  1000  includes touch screen  1012 , menu button  1104 , push button  1106  for powering the device on/off and locking the device, volume adjustment button(s)  1108 , Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card slot  1110 , head set jack  1112 , and docking/charging external port  1124 . Push button  1106  may be used to turn the power on/off on the device by depressing the button and holding the button in the depressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by depressing the button and releasing the button before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an unlock process. In an alternative embodiment, device  1000  also may accept verbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions through microphone  1013 . 
     It should be noted that, although many of the examples herein are given with reference to optical sensor(s)/camera(s)  1064  (on the front of a device), one or more rear-facing cameras or optical sensors that are pointed opposite from the display may be used instead of, or in addition to, an optical sensor(s)/camera(s)  1064  on the front of a device. 
     Example Computer System 
       FIG. 12  illustrates an example computer system  1200  that may include one or more cameras (e.g., the cameras described above with reference to  FIGS. 1-9C ), according to some embodiments. The computer system  1200  may be configured to execute any or all of the embodiments described above. In different embodiments, computer system  1200  may be any of various types of devices, including, but not limited to, a personal computer system, desktop computer, laptop, notebook, tablet, slate, pad, or netbook computer, mainframe computer system, handheld computer, workstation, network computer, a camera, a set top box, a mobile device, a consumer device, video game console, handheld video game device, application server, storage device, a television, a video recording device, a peripheral device such as a switch, modem, router, or in general any type of computing or electronic device. 
     Various embodiments of a camera motion control system as described herein, including embodiments of magnetic position sensing, as described herein may be executed in one or more computer systems  1200 , which may interact with various other devices. Note that any component, action, or functionality described above with respect to  FIGS. 1-11  may be implemented on one or more computers configured as computer system  1200  of  FIG. 12 , according to various embodiments. In the illustrated embodiment, computer system  1200  includes one or more processors  1210  coupled to a system memory  1220  via an input/output (I/O) interface  1230 . Computer system  1200  further includes a network interface  1240  coupled to I/O interface  1230 , and one or more input/output devices  1250 , such as cursor control device  1260 , keyboard  1270 , and display(s)  1280 . In some cases, it is contemplated that embodiments may be implemented using a single instance of computer system  1200 , while in other embodiments multiple such systems, or multiple nodes making up computer system  1200 , may be configured to host different portions or instances of embodiments. For example, in one embodiment some elements may be implemented via one or more nodes of computer system  1200  that are distinct from those nodes implementing other elements. 
     In various embodiments, computer system  1200  may be a uniprocessor system including one processor  1210 , or a multiprocessor system including several processors  1210  (e.g., two, four, eight, or another suitable number). Processors  1210  may be any suitable processor capable of executing instructions. For example, in various embodiments processors  1210  may be general-purpose or embedded processors implementing any of a variety of instruction set architectures (ISAs), such as the x86, PowerPC, SPARC, or MIPS ISAs, or any other suitable ISA. In multiprocessor systems, each of processors  1210  may commonly, but not necessarily, implement the same ISA. 
     System memory  1220  may be configured to store camera control program instructions  1222  and/or camera control data accessible by processor  1210 . In various embodiments, system memory  1220  may be implemented using any suitable memory technology, such as static random access memory (SRAM), synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM), nonvolatile/Flash-type memory, or any other type of memory. In the illustrated embodiment, program instructions  1222  may be configured to implement a lens control application  1224  incorporating any of the functionality described above. Additionally, existing camera control data  1232  of memory  1220  may include any of the information or data structures described above. In some embodiments, program instructions and/or data may be received, sent or stored upon different types of computer-accessible media or on similar media separate from system memory  1220  or computer system  1200 . While computer system  1200  is described as implementing the functionality of functional blocks of previous Figures, any of the functionality described herein may be implemented via such a computer system. 
     In one embodiment, I/O interface  1230  may be configured to coordinate I/O traffic between processor  1210 , system memory  1220 , and any peripheral devices in the device, including network interface  1240  or other peripheral interfaces, such as input/output devices  1250 . In some embodiments, I/O interface  1230  may perform any necessary protocol, timing or other data transformations to convert data signals from one component (e.g., system memory  1220 ) into a format suitable for use by another component (e.g., processor  1210 ). In some embodiments, I/O interface  1230  may include support for devices attached through various types of peripheral buses, such as a variant of the Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus standard or the Universal Serial Bus (USB) standard, for example. In some embodiments, the function of I/O interface  1230  may be split into two or more separate components, such as a north bridge and a south bridge, for example. Also, in some embodiments some or all of the functionality of I/O interface  1230 , such as an interface to system memory  1220 , may be incorporated directly into processor  1210 . 
     Network interface  1240  may be configured to allow data to be exchanged between computer system  1200  and other devices attached to a network  1285  (e.g., carrier or agent devices) or between nodes of computer system  1200 . Network  1285  may in various embodiments include one or more networks including but not limited to Local Area Networks (LANs) (e.g., an Ethernet or corporate network), Wide Area Networks (WANs) (e.g., the Internet), wireless data networks, some other electronic data network, or some combination thereof. In various embodiments, network interface  1240  may support communication via wired or wireless general data networks, such as any suitable type of Ethernet network, for example; via telecommunications/telephony networks such as analog voice networks or digital fiber communications networks; via storage area networks such as Fibre Channel SANs, or via any other suitable type of network and/or protocol. 
     Input/output devices  1250  may, in some embodiments, include one or more display terminals, keyboards, keypads, touchpads, scanning devices, voice or optical recognition devices, or any other devices suitable for entering or accessing data by one or more computer systems  1200 . Multiple input/output devices  1250  may be present in computer system  1200  or may be distributed on various nodes of computer system  1200 . In some embodiments, similar input/output devices may be separate from computer system  1200  and may interact with one or more nodes of computer system  1200  through a wired or wireless connection, such as over network interface  1240 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 12 , memory  1220  may include program instructions  1222 , which may be processor-executable to implement any element or action described above. In one embodiment, the program instructions may implement the methods described above. In other embodiments, different elements and data may be included. Note that data may include any data or information described above. 
     Those skilled in the art will appreciate that computer system  1200  is merely illustrative and is not intended to limit the scope of embodiments. In particular, the computer system and devices may include any combination of hardware or software that can perform the indicated functions, including computers, network devices, Internet appliances, PDAs, wireless phones, pagers, etc. Computer system  1200  may also be connected to other devices that are not illustrated, or instead may operate as a stand-alone system. In addition, the functionality provided by the illustrated components may in some embodiments be combined in fewer components or distributed in additional components. Similarly, in some embodiments, the functionality of some of the illustrated components may not be provided and/or other additional functionality may be available. 
     Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that, while various items are illustrated as being stored in memory or on storage while being used, these items or portions of them may be transferred between memory and other storage devices for purposes of memory management and data integrity. Alternatively, in other embodiments some or all of the software components may execute in memory on another device and communicate with the illustrated computer system via inter-computer communication. Some or all of the system components or data structures may also be stored (e.g., as instructions or structured data) on a computer-accessible medium or a portable article to be read by an appropriate drive, various examples of which are described above. In some embodiments, instructions stored on a computer-accessible medium separate from computer system  1200  may be transmitted to computer system  1200  via transmission media or signals such as electrical, electromagnetic, or digital signals, conveyed via a communication medium such as a network and/or a wireless link. Various embodiments may further include receiving, sending or storing instructions and/or data implemented in accordance with the foregoing description upon a computer-accessible medium. Generally speaking, a computer-accessible medium may include a non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium or memory medium such as magnetic or optical media, e.g., disk or DVD/CD-ROM, volatile or non-volatile media such as RAM (e.g. SDRAM, DDR, RDRAM, SRAM, etc.), ROM, etc. In some embodiments, a computer-accessible medium may include transmission media or signals such as electrical, electromagnetic, or digital signals, conveyed via a communication medium such as network and/or a wireless link. 
     The methods described herein may be implemented in software, hardware, or a combination thereof, in different embodiments. In addition, the order of the blocks of the methods may be changed, and various elements may be added, reordered, combined, omitted, modified, etc. Various modifications and changes may be made as would be obvious to a person skilled in the art having the benefit of this disclosure. The various embodiments described herein are meant to be illustrative and not limiting. Many variations, modifications, additions, and improvements are possible. Accordingly, plural instances may be provided for components described herein as a single instance. Boundaries between various components, operations and data stores are somewhat arbitrary, and particular operations are illustrated in the context of specific illustrative configurations. 
     Additional descriptions of embodiments (example clauses): 
     Clause 1: A camera, comprising: a folded optics arrangement to fold a path of light, the folded optics arrangement comprising: a prism; and a lens group comprising one or more lens elements that define an optical axis; a base structure, comprising: a first portion below the prism and the lens group, wherein the first portion defines a first plane parallel to the optical axis; and a second portion that defines a second plane orthogonal to the optical axis; an image sensor to capture light that has passed through the prism and the lens group, wherein the image sensor is coupled to the second portion of the base structure such that the image sensor is oriented orthogonal to the optical axis; and an actuator module to move the lens group, relative to the image sensor, in multiple directions. 
     Clause 2: The camera of Clause 1, wherein the first portion of the base structure defines a recess for receiving at least a portion of the lens group. 
     Clause 3: The camera of any of Clauses 1 or 2, further comprising: a substrate to which the image sensor is attached, the substrate being attached to the second portion of the base structure; and a stiffener to provide structural support to at least one of the substrate or the second portion of the base structure, wherein the stiffener comprises a base portion defining a plane that is parallel to the image sensor. 
     Clause 4: The camera of any of Clauses 1-3, further comprising: a flex circuit board attached to a top surface of the first portion of the base structure, wherein the top surface faces the folded optics arrangement. 
     Clause 5: The camera of any of Clauses 1-4, wherein the actuator module comprises: one or more coils on the flex circuit board. 
     Clause 6: The camera of any of Clauses 1-5, further comprising: a carrier arrangement, comprising: an inner carrier structure coupled to the lens group; and an outer carrier structure coupled to the inner carrier structure; wherein the actuator module is to: move the inner carrier structure and the outer carrier structure together, relative to the image sensor, in at least a first direction; and move the inner carrier structure relative to the outer carrier structure in at least a second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction. 
     Clause 7: The camera of Clause 6, wherein the actuator module comprises: an autofocus (AF) voice coil motor (VCM) actuator to move the inner carrier structure and the outer carrier structure together, relative to the image sensor, in at least the first direction; a first optical image stabilization (OIS) VCM actuator to move the inner carrier structure relative to the outer carrier structure in at least the second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction; and a second OIS VCM actuator to move the inner carrier structure and the outer carrier structure together, relative to the image sensor, in at least a third direction that is orthogonal to the first direction and the second direction. 
     Clause 8: The camera of any of Clauses 6 or 7, wherein: the actuator module comprises: one or more magnets; and one or more coils; the inner carrier structure comprises a lens carrier to which at least one coil of the one or more coils is attached; the outer carrier structure comprises a magnet holder to which at least one magnet of the one or more magnets is attached; and the outer carrier structure at least partially encircles the folded optics arrangement. 
     Clause 9: The camera of Clauses 6-8, further comprising: a suspension arrangement to suspend the lens group and allow movement of the lens group along multiple axes, the suspension arrangement comprising: a leaf spring attached to the inner carrier structure and the outer carrier structure, so as to allow movement of the lens group and the inner carrier structure together, relative to the outer carrier structure, in at least the second direction; and suspension wires to allow movement of the lens group, the inner carrier structure, and the outer carrier structure together, relative to the image sensor, in one or more directions orthogonal to the second direction, wherein a suspension wire of the suspension wires comprises: a first end portion attached to the leaf spring; and a second end portion attached to a fixed structure that is stationary relative to movement of the lens group. 
     Clause 10: A device, comprising: one or more processors; memory storing program instructions executable by the one or more processors to control operation of a camera; and the camera, comprising: a folded optics arrangement to fold a path of light, the folded optics arrangement comprising: a prism; and a lens group comprising one or more lens elements that define an optical axis; a base structure, comprising: a first portion below the prism and the lens group, wherein the first portion defines a first plane parallel to the optical axis; and a second portion that defines a second plane orthogonal to the optical axis; an image sensor to capture light that has passed through the prism and the lens group, wherein the image sensor is coupled to the second portion of the base structure such that the image sensor is oriented orthogonal to the optical axis; and an actuator module to move the lens group, relative to the image sensor, in multiple directions. 
     Clause 11: The device of Clause 10, further comprising: a carrier arrangement, comprising: an inner carrier structure coupled to the lens group; and an outer carrier structure coupled to the inner carrier structure; wherein the actuator module is to: move the inner carrier structure and the outer carrier structure together, relative to the image sensor, in at least a first direction; and move the inner carrier structure relative to the outer carrier structure in at least a second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction. 
     Clause 12: The device of Clause 11, wherein one or more of the inner carrier structure or the lens group is at least partially disposed within a recess defined by the first portion of the base structure. 
     Clause 13: The device of any of Clauses 11 or 12, wherein: the actuator module comprises: one or more magnets; and one or more coils; the inner carrier structure comprises a lens carrier to which at least one coil of the one or more coils is attached; the outer carrier structure comprises a magnet holder to which at least one magnet of the one or more magnets is attached; and the outer carrier structure at least partially encircles the folded optics arrangement. 
     Clause 14: The device of Clause 13, wherein at least one other coil of the one or more coils is attached to the magnet holder. 
     Clause 15: The device of any of Clauses 11-14, wherein the outer carrier structure at least partially encircles the folded optics arrangement. 
     Clause 16: The device of any of clauses 11-15, wherein the camera further comprises: a suspension arrangement to suspend the lens group and allow movement of the lens group in the multiple directions, the suspension arrangement comprising: a leaf spring attached to the inner carrier structure and the outer carrier structure, so as to allow movement of the lens group and the inner carrier structure together, relative to the outer carrier structure, in at least the second direction; and suspension wires to allow movement of the lens group, the inner carrier structure, and the outer carrier structure together, relative to the image sensor, in one or more directions orthogonal to the second direction, wherein a suspension wire of the suspension wires comprises: a first end portion attached to the leaf spring; and a second end portion attached to a fixed structure that is stationary relative to movement of the lens group. 
     Clause 17: The device of any of Clauses 10-16, wherein: the actuator module comprises: an autofocus (AF) voice coil motor (VCM) actuator to move the inner carrier structure and the outer carrier structure together, relative to the image sensor, in at least the first direction; a first optical image stabilization (OIS) VCM actuator to move the inner carrier structure relative to the outer carrier structure in at least the second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction; and a second OIS VCM actuator to move the inner carrier structure and the outer carrier structure together, relative to the image sensor, in at least a third direction that is orthogonal to the first direction and the second direction. 
     Clause 18: The device of Clause 17, wherein the one or more processors are further to: cause the AF VCM actuator to move the lens group in at least the first direction; cause the first OIS VCM actuator to move the lens group in at least the second direction; and cause the second OIS VCM actuator to move the lens group in at least the third direction. 
     Clause 19: The device of any of Clauses 10-18, wherein: the prism comprises: an object side through which light enters the prism; and a reflecting surface side comprising a reflective surface to redirect the light towards the lens group; the reflecting surface side is angled relative to the object side of the prism; and the actuator module comprises a voice coil motor (VCM) actuator having at least one magnet and at least one coil disposed within a space under the reflecting surface side. 
     Clause 20: A folded optics system, comprising: a lens group comprising one or more lens elements that define an optical axis; a prism to redirect light to the lens group; a base structure, comprising: a first portion below the prism and the lens group, wherein the first portion defines a first plane parallel to the optical axis; and a second portion that defines a second plane orthogonal to the optical axis, wherein the second portion is to couple with an image sensor such that the image sensor is oriented orthogonal to the optical axis; and an actuator module to move the lens group, relative to the image sensor, in multiple directions. 
     Clause 21: The folded optics system of Clause 20, wherein the first portion of the base structure defines a recess for receiving at least a portion of the lens group. 
     Clause 22: The folded optics system of any of Clauses 20 or 21, wherein: the second portion comprises: an object side facing the lens group; and an image side to face the image sensor; and the second portion of the base structure defines a window that allows light to pass from the lens group to the image sensor. 
     Clause 23: The folded optics system of any of Clauses 20-22, further comprising: a substrate to attach to the image sensor, the substrate being attached to the second portion of the base structure; and a stiffener to provide structural support to at least one of the substrate or the second portion of the base structure, wherein the stiffener comprises a base portion defining a plane that is parallel to the image sensor. 
     Clause 24: The folded optics system of Clause 23, wherein the stiffener further comprises: one or more tab portions that extend from the base portion and that are oriented at a non-zero angle relative to the base portion. 
     Clause 25: The folded optics system of Clause 24, wherein the one or more tab portions comprise multiple tab portions that are orthogonal to the base portion. 
     Clause 26: The folded optics system of any of Clauses 20-25, wherein: the first portion of the base structure comprises a top surface to couple with a flex circuit board; and the top surface faces the lens group and the prism. 
     Clause 27: The folded optics system of any of Clauses 20-27, further comprising: a carrier arrangement, comprising: an inner carrier structure coupled to the lens group; and an outer carrier structure coupled to the inner carrier structure; wherein the actuator module is to: move the inner carrier structure and the outer carrier structure together, relative to the image sensor, in at least a first direction; and move the inner carrier structure relative to the outer carrier structure in at least a second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction. 
     Clause 28: The folded optics system of Clause 27, wherein the actuator module comprises: an autofocus (AF) voice coil motor (VCM) actuator to move the inner carrier structure and the outer carrier structure together, relative to the image sensor, in at least the first direction; a first optical image stabilization (OIS) VCM actuator to move the inner carrier structure relative to the outer carrier structure in at least the second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction; and a second OIS VCM actuator to move the inner carrier structure and the outer carrier structure together, relative to the image sensor, in at least a third direction that is orthogonal to the first direction and the second direction. 
     Other allocations of functionality are envisioned and may fall within the scope of claims that follow. Finally, structures and functionality presented as discrete components in the example configurations may be implemented as a combined structure or component. These and other variations, modifications, additions, and improvements may fall within the scope of embodiments as defined in the claims that follow.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20200917
Publication Date: 20220208
Grant Date: 20220208
Priority Date: 20190925
Inventors: MIREAULT, ALFRED N.
MILLER, SCOTT W.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H04N23/55", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N23/67", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N23/50", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N23/54", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N23/50", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N23/55", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N23/54", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N23/67", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B2205/0015", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B17/17", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B13/36", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B3/10", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B27/646", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B13/0065", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B7/08", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B2205/0069", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B30/00", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B5/00", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H02K33/18", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B2205/0046", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B2205/0007", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B17/12", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B5/02", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B3/00", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B30/00", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B2205/0069", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B13/0065", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B17/17", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B2205/0015", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B7/08", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B27/646", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B13/0065", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B5/00", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B3/10", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B13/36", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B13/0065", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N5/23212", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B13/36", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N23/686", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N23/6812", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N23/687", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N23/54", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N23/55", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 74881954