PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-7757108-B2
Application Number: US-95901507-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Method and apparatus for implementing a sleep proxy for services on a network

Abstract:
One embodiment of the present invention provides a system for implementing a sleep proxy. The system starts by receiving a request at the sleep proxy for information pertaining to a service provided by a device. In response to this request, the system determines if the device is a member of a list of devices for which the sleep proxy takes action. If so, the system determines if the sleep proxy can answer the request. If so, the sleep proxy sends a response to the request on behalf of the device. In a variation on this embodiment, if the system cannot answer the request on behalf of the device, the system sends a wakeup packet to the device, wherein the wakeup packet causes the device to exit a power-saving mode so that the device can respond to the request directly.

Claims:
1. A method for implementing a sleep proxy, comprising:
 receiving a request at the sleep proxy for information pertaining to a service provided by a device; 
 determining if the device is a device for which the sleep proxy answers;
 if so, determining if the request is a request for which the sleep proxy can answer; and
 if so, sending a response to the request on behalf of the device; 
 otherwise, buffering the request and passing the request to the device upon receiving a message to stop answering for the device. 
 
 
 
   
   
     2. The method of  claim 1 , wherein if the request is not a request for which the sleep proxy can answer, the method further comprises sending a wakeup packet to the device, wherein the wakeup packet is a packet that causes the device to exit a power-saving mode. 
   
   
     3. The method of  claim 1 , wherein prior to receiving the request, the method comprises:
 receiving a registration request from the device, wherein the registration request contains: 
 sufficient information to allow the sleep proxy to generate a wakeup packet that can wake up the device, and 
 a list of requests for which the sleep proxy can answer; and 
 adding the device to a list of devices for which the sleep proxy answers. 
 
   
   
     4. The method of  claim 3 , wherein the registration additionally contains a lease expiration time, wherein upon reaching the lease expiration time, the sleep proxy cancels the device registration. 
   
   
     5. The method of  claim 4 , wherein the device renews the registration with the sleep proxy before the registration expires. 
   
   
     6. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 receiving a notification from the device that the device is entering a power-saving state; and 
 in response to the notification, configuring the sleep proxy to answer for the device. 
 
   
   
     7. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 receiving a notification from the device that the device has exited a power-saving state; and 
 in response to the notification, configuring the sleep proxy not to answer for the device. 
 
   
   
     8. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising implementing a second sleep proxy that duplicates the functionality of the sleep proxy for fault-tolerance purposes. 
   
   
     9. The method of  claim 1 , wherein sending a response to the request further comprises waiting a random period of time prior to sending the response, wherein waiting the random period of time facilitates duplicate answer suppression between sleep proxies. 
   
   
     10. A computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that when executed by a computer cause the computer to perform a method for implementing a sleep proxy, the method comprising:
 receiving a request at the sleep proxy for information pertaining to a service provided by a device; 
 determining if the device is a device for which the sleep proxy answers;
 if so, determining if the request is a request for which the sleep proxy can answer; and
 if so, sending a response to the request on behalf of the device; 
 otherwise, buffering the request and passing the request to the device upon receiving a message to stop answering for the device. 
 
 
 
   
   
     11. The computer-readable storage medium of  claim 10 , wherein if the request is not a request for which the sleep proxy can answer, the method further comprises sending a wakeup packet to the device, wherein the wakeup packet is a packet that causes the device to exit a power-saving mode. 
   
   
     12. The computer-readable storage medium of  claim 10 , wherein prior to receiving the request, the method comprises:
 receiving a registration request from the device, wherein the registration request contains: 
 sufficient information to allow the sleep proxy to generate a wakeup packet that can wake up the device, and 
 a list of requests for which the sleep proxy can answer; and 
 adding the device to a list of devices for which the sleep proxy answers. 
 
   
   
     13. The computer-readable storage medium of  claim 12 , wherein the registration additionally contains a lease expiration time, wherein upon reaching the lease expiration time, the sleep proxy cancels the device registration. 
   
   
     14. The computer-readable storage medium of  claim 13 , wherein the device renews the registration with the sleep proxy before the registration expires. 
   
   
     15. The computer-readable storage medium of  claim 10 , wherein the method further comprises:
 receiving a notification from the device that the device is entering a power-saving state; and 
 in response to the notification, configuring the sleep proxy to answer for the device. 
 
   
   
     16. The computer-readable storage medium of  claim 10 , wherein the method further comprises:
 receiving a notification from the device that the device has exited a power-saving state; and 
 in response to the notification, configuring the sleep proxy not to answer for the device. 
 
   
   
     17. The computer-readable storage medium of  claim 10 , wherein the method further comprises implementing a second sleep proxy that duplicates the functionality of the sleep proxy for fault-tolerance purposes. 
   
   
     18. The computer-readable storage medium of  claim 10 , wherein sending a response to the request further comprises waiting a random period of time prior to sending the response, wherein waiting the random period of time facilitates duplicate answer suppression between sleep proxies. 
   
   
     19. An apparatus that implements a sleep proxy, comprising:
 a receiving mechanism configured to receive a request at the sleep proxy for information pertaining to a service provided by a device; 
 a determination mechanism configured to determine if the device is a device for which the sleep proxy answers; 
 wherein the determination mechanism is additionally configured to determine if the request is a request which the sleep proxy can answer; and 
 a response mechanism configured to send a response to the request on behalf of the device if the device is a device for which the sleep proxy answers, and the request is a request that the sleep proxy can answer; 
 wherein, if the request is for a device for which the sleep proxy answers, but is not a request that the sleep proxy can answer, the response mechanism is further configured to:
 buffer the request and pass the request to the device upon receiving a message to stop answering for the device. 
 
 
   
   
     20. The apparatus of  claim 19 , wherein the apparatus further comprises a wakeup mechanism configured to send a wakeup packet to the device that causes the device to exit a power-saving mode if the request is not a request for which the sleep proxy can answer. 
   
   
     21. The apparatus of  claim 19 , further comprising:
 a registration mechanism configured to receive a registration request from the device, wherein the registration request contains: 
 sufficient information to allow the sleep proxy to generate a wakeup packet that can wake up the device, and 
 a list of requests for which the sleep proxy can answer; and 
 a list addition mechanism configured to add the device to a list of devices for which the sleep proxy answers. 
 
   
   
     22. The apparatus of  claim 21 , wherein the registration additionally contains a lease expiration time, and wherein the apparatus further comprises a cancellation mechanism that is configured to cancel the device registration upon reaching the lease expiration time. 
   
   
     23. The apparatus of  claim 22 , wherein the device renews the registration with the sleep proxy before the registration expires. 
   
   
     24. The apparatus of  claim 19 , further comprising:
 a notification mechanism configured to receive a notification from the device that the device is entering a power-saving state; and 
 a configuration mechanism configured to configure the sleep proxy to answer for the device in response to the notification. 
 
   
   
     25. The apparatus of  claim 19 , further comprising:
 a notification mechanism configured to receive a notification from the device that the device has exited a power-saving state; and 
 a configuration mechanism configured to configure the sleep proxy not to answer for the device in response to the notification. 
 
   
   
     26. The apparatus of  claim 19 , further comprising a second sleep proxy that duplicates the functionality of the sleep proxy for fault-tolerance purposes. 
   
   
     27. The apparatus of  claim 19 , wherein the response mechanism is further configured to wait a random period of time prior to sending the response, wherein waiting the random period of time facilitates duplicate answer suppression between sleep proxies.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATION 
   The present patent is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/581,866, filed on 16 Oct. 2006, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,330,986, which is itself a continuation of U.S. Pat. No. 7,246,225 (application Ser. No. 11/483,750, filed on 10 Jul. 2006), which itself is a continuation of U.S. Pat. No. 7,107,442 (application Ser. No. 10/676,573, filed on 30 Sep. 2003), which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/496,842, filed on 20 Aug. 2003. The present application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §120 to the above-listed U.S. patent Applications and under 35 U.S.C. §119 to the above-listed U.S. Provisional Patent Application. 

   BACKGROUND 
   1. Field of the Invention 
   The present invention relates to computer networks. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for implementing a sleep proxy for services on a network. 
   2. Related Art 
   In recent years, a large number of devices, such as printers, have been brought to the marketplace bearing various logos indicating that the device meets some sort of energy saving standard. At the same time, an increasing number of these devices are being attached to computer networks to allow workgroups to utilize their services. In order for these devices to be able to perform their services on the network, they need to be able to respond to requests on the network. However, many of these devices enter a power-saving mode when they have not been used for a specified amount of time. In order to restore the device to a normal operating mode, a packet can be sent to the device that contains a specific bit sequence that will “wake up” the device. This packet is commonly referred to as a “magic packet” or “wakeup packet” and the technology as a whole is referred to as “wake-on-LAN.” 
   Power-saving modes can become a problem because the device typically will not respond to a request when it is in power-saving mode, and clients typically do not know the bit sequence of the magic packet that will cause the device to turn on. Hence, if the device is in a power-saving mode, it will not answer a request for a service provided by the device on the network, and therefore will appear offline to clients on the network. 
   In many cases, the user must manually walk over to the device and press a button to wake it up, or they simply may not be able to use the device at all. Moreover, a user may not even know of the existence or availability of a device if it is in power-saving mode. When devices are in power-saving mode, they do not broadcast their services on the network, and therefore may not show up in a list of available services. This is especially true if the device has been in power-saving mode for an extended period of time. 
   Hence, what is needed is a method and an apparatus for allowing the device to enter into a power-saving mode while still maintaining visibility and availability on the network. 
   SUMMARY 
   One embodiment of the present invention provides a system for implementing a sleep proxy. The system starts by receiving a request at the sleep proxy for information pertaining to a service provided by a device. In response to this request, the system determines if the device is a member of a list of devices for which the sleep proxy takes action. If so, the system determines if the sleep proxy can answer the request. If so, the sleep proxy sends a response to the request on behalf of the device. 
   In a variation on this embodiment, if the system cannot answer the request on behalf of the device, the system sends a wakeup packet to the device, wherein the wakeup packet causes the device to exit a power-saving mode so that the device can respond to the request directly. 
   In a variation on this embodiment, prior to receiving the request, the system receives a registration from the device, wherein the registration contains sufficient information to allow the sleep proxy to generate a wakeup packet that causes the device to wake up, and the list of requests for which the sleep proxy can answer. The system then adds the device to the list of devices for which the sleep proxy answers. 
   In a further variation, the registration additionally contains a lease expiration time, wherein upon reaching the lease expiration time, the sleep proxy cancels the device registration. 
   In yet a further variation, an internal timer in the device wakes up the device so that the device can renew its registration with the sleep proxy before the registration expires. 
   In a variation on this embodiment, the system receives a notification from the device that the device is entering a power-saving state. In response to this notification, the system configures the sleep proxy to answer for the device. 
   In a variation on this embodiment, the system receives a notification from the device that the device has exited a power-saving state. In response to this notification, the system configures the sleep proxy not to answer for the device. 
   In a variation on this embodiment, for fault-tolerance purposes, the system contains a second sleep proxy that mirrors the functionality of the sleep proxy. 
   In a further variation, the system waits a random period of time before answering for the device. This allows for duplicate answer suppression for multiple sleep proxies. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a computer network in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
       FIG. 2  presents a flowchart illustrating the process of a sleep proxy in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
   The following description is presented to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the invention, and is provided in the context of a particular application and its requirements. Various modifications to the disclosed embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments and applications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed herein. 
   The data structures and code described in this detailed description are typically stored on a computer readable storage medium, which may be any device or medium that can store code and/or data for use by a computer system. This includes, but is not limited to, magnetic and optical storage devices such as disk drives, magnetic tape, CDs (compact discs) and DVDs (digital versatile discs or digital video discs), and computer instruction signals embodied in a transmission medium (with or without a carrier wave upon which the signals are modulated). For example, the transmission medium may include a communications network, such as the Internet. 
   Computer Network 
     FIG. 1  illustrates a computer network  100  in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Network  100  can generally include any type of wire or wireless communication channel capable of coupling together computing nodes. This includes, but is not limited to, a local area network, a wide area network, or a combination of networks. In one embodiment of the present invention, network  100  includes the Internet. 
   Network  100  includes computer systems  102  and  104 , printers  106  and  106 , and sleep proxy  110 . Computer systems  102  and  104  can generally include any type of computer system, including, but not limited to, a computer system based on a microprocessor, a mainframe computer, a digital signal processor, a portable computing device, a personal organizer, a device controller, and a computational engine within an appliance. 
   In one embodiment of the present invention, the devices on network  100  adhere to a plug-and-play protocol, such as Apple Computer, Inc.&#39;s Rendezvous technology. During operation, printers  106  and  108  self-configure to network  100  and advertise their services via broadcast messages to all nodes on network  100 . 
   Sleep Proxy  110  can be included in any type of device on network  100 . Preferably, sleep proxy  110  should be a device that is always connected to the network and is always in a full-power state. Some exemplary locations for sleep proxy  110  are within hubs, switches, and wireless access points, since such devices are usually always connected and always in a full-power state. 
   Sleep Proxy 
     FIG. 2  presents a flowchart illustrating the operation of a sleep proxy  110  in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The system starts when sleep proxy  110  receives a registration request from a device on network  100 , such as printer  108  (step  202 ). For example, printer  108  can send sleep proxy  110  a registration request specifying information pertaining to services that it provides, as well as which of that information that sleep proxy  110  should answer for. In particular, information that sleep proxy  110  might answer for printer  108  can include host name, host address, port number, current status, and types of services available. All of these examples are situations where a client, such as computer system  102 , is requesting information only and is not requesting the device to perform an action besides providing the basic information. By answering for printer  108 , sleep proxy  110  allows printer  108  to continue to be listed as an available resource on the network while allowing printer  108  to stay in a power-saving state. Printer  108  also sends sleep proxy  110  sufficient information to allow it to generate the magic packet that brings printer  108  out of a power-saving state. Note that this last step of sending sufficient information to allow the sleep proxy to generate the magic packet can be performed as printer  108  enters a power-saving state, described below. 
   Next, sleep proxy  110  receives a notification that printer  108  is entering a power-saving state (step  204 ). Note that this step may not be necessary as sleep proxy  110  can be configured to answer for printer  108  if it does not detect an immediate answer from printer  108 . Upon receiving a request for information pertaining to a service provided by a device on network  100  (step  206 ), sleep proxy  110  determines if this is a request it can answer for the device (step  208 ). If so, sleep proxy  110  responds to the request as if it was the device that it is answering for (step  210 ). If not, sleep proxy  110  sends the magic packet to the device to bring the device out of a power-saving state (step  212 ). In this instance, it is not necessary for sleep proxy  110  to answer for the device because the requester, in accordance with customary network protocol design will retry the request several times before giving up. Sleep proxy  110  can also be configured to buffer the request for the device and to pass the request on to the device once the device has returned to a full power state. Upon exiting the power-saving mode, the device broadcasts a message to sleep proxy  110  on network  100  instructing sleep proxy  110  to cease answering for the device. 
   In some cases, it is beneficial for more than one sleep proxy to be operating on the same network to provide fault-tolerance. If sleep proxy  110  answers for printer  106 , then a secondary sleep proxy will ignore the request. In cases where both sleep proxy  110  and a secondary sleep proxy answer for printer  106 , the answer from the second sleep proxy can either be ignored, or can simply cause other devices on network  100  to update their local caches a second time. In one embodiment of the present invention, the sleep proxy waits for a random amount of time before answering a request in order to lessen the possibility of a duplicate answer. 
   In an example for this embodiment, multiple sleep proxies exist on a network, each having a registration for a specific printer that is in sleep mode. When a request for information pertaining to a service provided by that printer comes over the network, and the request is of the type that the sleep proxies are required to answer for the printer, each sleep proxy initiates a response to the request by waiting a random amount of time. At the point in time when the first sleep proxy broadcasts a reply to the request on the network, all remaining sleep proxies on the network will receive the response to the request and cancel their own pending response, thus saving network bandwidth. 
   The foregoing descriptions of embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description only. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the present invention to the forms disclosed. Accordingly, many modifications and variations will be apparent to practitioners skilled in the art. Additionally, the above disclosure is not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20071218
Publication Date: 20100713
Grant Date: 20100713
Priority Date: 20030820
Inventors: CHESHIRE STUART D.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H04L67/59", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L67/59", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L67/56", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L67/56", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "Y02D10/00", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "Y02D30/50", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/3284", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L67/288", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L67/288", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "Y02D30/50", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L12/12", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/3209", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/3215", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "Y02D30/00", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L12/12", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "Y02D10/00", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/3284", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "Y02D30/00", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/3215", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/3209", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 34198187