PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-10002570-B2
Application Number: US-201514975389-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Electronic display driving scheme systems and methods

Abstract:
Systems and method for improving display quality of an electronic display. In one embodiment the electronic display includes a first display pixel that facilitates displaying a first image frame using first amplified image data and facilitates displaying a second image frame using second amplified image data; a second display pixel that facilitates displaying the first image frame using third amplified image data; a first amplifier that operates in a first operational mode to generate the first amplified image data based on image data corresponding with the first image frame and operates in a second operational mode to generate the second amplified image data based on image data corresponding with the second image frame; and a second amplifier that operates in the second operational mode to generate the third amplified image data based on the image data corresponding with the first image frame.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An electronic device comprising an electronic display, wherein the electronic display comprises:
 a display panel comprising a first display pixel and a second display pixel directly adjacent the first display pixel, wherein:
 the first display pixel is configured to facilitate displaying a first image frame by controlling light emission based at least in part on first amplified image data; and 
 the second display pixel is configured to facilitate displaying the first image frame by controlling light emission based at least in part on second amplified image data; and 
 
 a source driver comprising a first amplifier communicatively coupled to the first display pixel and a second amplifier communicatively coupled to the second display pixel, wherein the source driver is configured to:
 receive first image data corresponding with the first image frame and second image data corresponding with the first image frame; 
 operate the first amplifier in a first operational mode to generate the first amplified image data based on the first image data; 
 operate the second amplifier in a second operational mode different from the first operational mode to generate the second amplified image data based on the second image data when the first image frame is to be displayed using a first refresh rate; and 
 operate the second amplifier in the first operational mode to generate the second amplified image data based on the second image data when the first image frame is to be displayed using a second refresh rate greater than the first refresh rate. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the source driver is configured to:
 operate the first amplifier in the first operational mode by inputting the first image data to a first non-inverting terminal of the first amplifier and communicatively coupling a first output of the first amplifier to a first inverting terminal of the first amplifier; 
 operate the second amplifier in the second operational mode by inputting the second image data to a second inverting terminal of the second amplifier and communicatively coupling a second output of the second amplifier to a second non-inverting terminal of the second amplifier; and 
 operate the second amplifier in the first operational mode by inputting the second image data to the second non-inverting terminal of the second amplifier and communicatively coupling the second output of the second amplifier to the second inverting terminal of the second amplifier. 
 
     
     
       3. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the source driver is configured to:
 operate the first amplifier in the first operational mode by inputting the first image data to a first inverting terminal of the first amplifier and communicatively coupling a first output of the first amplifier to a first non-inverting terminal of the first amplifier; 
 operate the second amplifier in the second operational mode by inputting the second image data to a second non-inverting terminal of the second amplifier and communicatively coupling a second output of the second amplifier to a second inverting terminal of the second amplifier; and 
 operate the second amplifier in the first operational mode by inputting the second image data to the second inverting terminal of the second amplifier and communicatively coupling the second output of the second amplifier to the second non-inverting terminal of the second amplifier. 
 
     
     
       4. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the first display pixel is configured to facilitate displaying a second image frame directly after the first image frame by controlling light emission based at least in part on third amplified image data; 
 the second display pixel is configured facilitate displaying the second image frame by controlling light emission based at least in part on fourth amplified image data; and 
 the source driver is configured to:
 receive third image data corresponding with the second image frame and fourth image data corresponding with the second image frame; 
 operate the second amplifier in the second operational mode to generate the third amplified image data based on the third image data; 
 operate the first amplifier in the second operational mode to generate the fourth amplified image data based on the fourth image data when a target refresh rate corresponding with the second image frame is less than a threshold refresh rate; and 
 operate the second amplifier in the first operational mode to generate the fourth amplified image data based on the fourth image data when the target refresh rate corresponding with the second image frame is not less than the threshold refresh rate. 
 
 
     
     
       5. The electronic device of  claim 4 , wherein:
 the target refresh rate corresponding with the second image frame is less than the threshold refresh rate when the target refresh rate is 30 Hz; and 
 the target refresh rate corresponding with the second image frame is not less than the threshold refresh rate when the target refresh rate is 60 Hz. 
 
     
     
       6. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the first operational mode is a non-inverting operational mode and the second operational mode is an inverting operational mode; or 
 the first operational mode is the inverting operational mode and the second operational mode is the non-inverting operational mode. 
 
     
     
       7. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the first refresh rate is 30 Hz; and 
 the second refresh rate is 60 Hz. 
 
     
     
       8. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the electronic display comprises a controller programmed to:
 determine a target refresh rate corresponding with the first image frame; 
 instruct the source driver to implement a first driving scheme that facilitates spatially averaging luminance variations resulting from noise introduced by the source driver when the target refresh rate is less than a threshold refresh rate; and 
 instruct the source driver to implement a second driving scheme that facilitate temporally averaging the luminance variations resulting from noise introduced by the source driver when the target refresh rate is not less than the threshold refresh rate. 
 
     
     
       9. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the electronic device comprises a portable phone, a media player, a personal data organizer, a handheld game platform, a tablet device, a computer, or any combination thereof. 
     
     
       10. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the electronic display comprises an active matrix organic light emitting diode display. 
     
     
       11. A tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores instructions executable by at least one processor of an electronic display, wherein the instructions comprise instructions to:
 determine, using the at least one processor, a first refresh rate with which a first image frame is to be display on the electronic display; 
 instruct, using the at least one processor, a source driver in the electronic display to generate first amplified image data by implementing a first driving scheme to amplify first image data corresponding with the first image frame when the first refresh rate is less than a threshold refresh rate; 
 instruct, using the at least one processor, the source driver to generate the first amplified image data by implementing a second driving scheme different from the first driving scheme to amplify the first image data corresponding with the first image frame when the first refresh rate is not less than the threshold refresh rate; and 
 instruct, using the at least one processor, one or more display pixels in the electronic display to store the first amplified image data to enable each of the one or more display pixels to control current flow through a corresponding organic light emitting diode based at least in part on the first amplified image data. 
 
     
     
       12. The tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium of  claim 11 , comprising instructions to:
 determine, using the at least one processor, that the first refresh rate is less than the threshold refresh rate when the first refresh rate is 30 Hz; and 
 determine, using the at least one processor, that the first refresh rate is not less than the threshold refresh rate when the first refresh rate is 60 Hz. 
 
     
     
       13. The tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium of  claim 11 , wherein:
 the instructions to instruct the source driver to generate the first amplified image data by implementing the first driving scheme comprises instructions to:
 instruct the source driver to operate a first amplifier in a first operational mode to generate the first amplified image data corresponding with a first display pixel; and 
 instruct the source driver to operate a second amplifier in a second operational mode different from the first operational mode to generate the first amplified image data corresponding with a second display pixel directly adjacent the first display pixel; and 
 
 the instruction to instruct the source driver to generate the first amplified image data by implementing the second driving scheme comprises instructions to:
 instruct the source driver to operate the first amplifier to operate in the first operational mode to generate the first amplified image data corresponding with the first display pixel; and 
 instruct the source driver to operate the second amplifier in the first operational mode to generate the first amplified image data corresponding with the second display pixel. 
 
 
     
     
       14. The tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium of  claim 11 , comprising instructions to:
 determine, using the at least one processor, a second refresh rate with which a second image frame is to be displayed on the electronic display directly after the first image frame; 
 instruct, using the at least one processor, the source driver to generate second amplified image data by implementing the first driving scheme to amplify second image data corresponding with the second image frame when the second refresh rate is less than the threshold refresh rate; 
 instruct, using the at least one processor, the source driver to generate the second amplified image data by implementing a third driving scheme different from the first driving scheme and the second driving scheme to amplify the second image data corresponding with the second image frame when the second refresh rate is not less than the threshold refresh rate; and 
 instruct, using the at least one processor, the one or more display pixels to store the second amplified image data to enable each of the one or more display pixels to control current flow through the corresponding organic light emitting diode based at least in part on the second amplified image data. 
 
     
     
       15. The tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium of  claim 14 , wherein:
 the instructions to instruct the source driver to generate the first amplified image data by implementing the second driving scheme comprise instructions to:
 instruct the source driver to operate a first amplifier to operate in a non-inverting operational mode to generate the first amplified image data corresponding with a first display pixel; and 
 instruct the source driver to operate a second amplifier to operate in an inverting operational mode to generate the first amplified image data corresponding with a second display pixel directly adjacent the first display pixel; and 
 
 the instructions to instruct the source driver to generate the second amplified image data by implementing the third driving scheme comprise instructions to:
 instruct the source driver to operate the first amplifier in the inverting operational mode to generate the second amplified image data corresponding with the first display pixel; and 
 instruct the source driver to operate the second amplifier in the non-inverting operational mode to generate the second amplified image data corresponding with the second display pixel. 
 
 
     
     
       16. A method comprising:
 determining, using a controller, a first refresh rate with which a first image frame is to be display on an electronic display; 
 instructing, using the controller, a source driver in the electronic display to generate first amplified image data based on first image data corresponding with the first image frame by operating a first amplifier in a first operational mode; 
 instructing, using the controller, the source driver to generate second amplified image data based on second image data corresponding with the first image frame by:
 operating a second amplifier in a second operational mode different from the first operational mode when the first refresh rate is less than a threshold refresh rate; and 
 operating the second amplifier in the first operational mode when the first refresh rate is not less than the threshold refresh rate; 
 
 instructing, using the controller, a first display pixel to store the first amplified image data to enable the first display pixel to control current flow through a first organic light emitting diode based at least in part on the first amplified image data; and 
 instructing, using the controller, a second display pixel the first display pixel to store the second amplified image data to enable the second display pixel to control current flow through a second organic light emitting diode based at least in part on the second amplified image data. 
 
     
     
       17. The method of  claim 16 , wherein:
 instructing the source driver to generate the first amplified image data comprises:
 instructing the source driver to supply the first amplifier to input first image data to a first non-inverting terminal of the first amplifier; and 
 instructing the source driver to communicatively couple a first output of the first amplifier to a first inverting terminal of the first amplifier; 
 
 instructing the source driver to generate the second amplified image data when the first refresh rate is not less than the threshold refresh rate comprises:
 instructing the source driver to supply the second image data to a second non-inverting terminal of the second amplifier; and 
 instructing the source driver to communicatively couple a second output of the second amplifier to a second inverting terminal of the second amplifier; and 
 
 instructing the source driver to generate the second amplified image data when the first refresh rate is less than the threshold refresh rate comprises:
 instructing the source driver to supply the second image data to the second inverting terminal of the second amplifier; and 
 instructing the source driver to communicatively couple the second output of the second amplifier to the second non-inverting terminal of the second amplifier. 
 
 
     
     
       18. The method of  claim 16 , wherein:
 instructing the source driver to generate the first amplified image data comprises:
 instructing the source driver to supply the first image data to a first inverting terminal of the first amplifier; and 
 instructing the source driver to communicatively couple a first output of the first amplifier to a first non-inverting terminal of the first amplifier; 
 
 instructing the source driver to generate the second amplified image data when the first refresh rate is not less than the threshold refresh rate comprises:
 instructing the source driver to supply the second image data to a second inverting terminal of the second amplifier; and 
 instructing the source driver to communicatively couple a second output of the second amplifier to a second non-inverting terminal of the second amplifier; and 
 
 instructing the source driver to generate the second amplified image data when the first refresh rate is less than the threshold refresh rate comprises:
 instructing the source driver to supply the second image data to the second non-inverting terminal of the second amplifier; and 
 instructing the source driver to communicatively couple the second output of the second amplifier to the second inverting terminal of the second amplifier. 
 
 
     
     
       19. The method of  claim 16 , comprising:
 determining, using the controller, a second refresh rate with which a second image frame is to be display on an electronic display directly after the first image frame; 
 instructing, using the controller, the source driver to generate third amplified image data based on third image data corresponding with the second image frame by:
 operating the first amplifier in the first operational mode when the second refresh rate is less than the threshold refresh rate; and 
 operating the first amplifier in the second operational mode when the second refresh rate is not less than the threshold refresh rate; 
 
 instructing, using the controller, the source driver to generate fourth amplified image data based on fourth image data corresponding with the second image frame by operating the second amplifier in the second operational mode; 
 instructing, using the controller, the first display pixel to store the third amplified image data to enable the first display pixel to control current flow through the first organic light emitting diode based at least in part on the third amplified image data; and 
 instructing, using the controller, the second display pixel to store the fourth amplified image data to enable the second display pixel to control current flow through the second organic light emitting diode based at least in part on the fourth amplified image data. 
 
     
     
       20. An electronic display comprising:
 a display panel, wherein the display panel comprises a plurality of display pixels configured to facilitate displaying a first image frame by controlling light emission based at least in part on first amplified image data; 
 a source driver coupled to the plurality of display pixels, wherein the source driver is configured to:
 receive first image data corresponding with the first image frame from an image source; and 
 generate the first amplified image data by amplifying the first image data; and 
 
 a controller communicatively coupled to the source driver, wherein the controller is configured to:
 instruct the source driver to generate the first amplified image data by implementing a first driving scheme when the first image frame is to be displayed using a first refresh rate; and 
 instruct the source driver to generate the first amplified image data by implementing a second driving scheme different from the first driving scheme when the first image frame is to be displayed using a second refresh rate greater than the first refresh rate. 
 
 
     
     
       21. The electronic display of  claim 20 , wherein:
 the plurality of display pixels comprise a first display pixel and a second display pixel directly adjacent the first display pixel; and 
 the source driver comprise a first amplifier communicatively coupled to the first display pixel and a second amplifier communicatively coupled to the second display pixel, wherein
 the first amplifier is configured to generate the first amplified image data corresponding with the first display pixel by operating in a first operational mode; and 
 the second amplifier is configured to:
 generate the first amplified image data corresponding with the second display pixel by operating in the first operational mode when the source driver implements the second driving scheme; and 
 
 generate the first amplified image data corresponding with the second display pixel by operating in a second operational model different from the first operational mode when the source driver implements the first driving scheme. 
 
 
     
     
       22. The electronic display of  claim 20 , wherein the electronic display comprises an active matrix organic light emitting diode display. 
     
     
       23. The electronic display of  claim 20 , wherein:
 the first refresh rate is 30 Hz; and 
 the second refresh rate is 60 Hz. 
 
     
     
       24. The electronic display of  claim 23 , wherein:
 the plurality of display pixels are configured to facilitate displaying a second image frame directly after the first image frame by controlling light emission based at least in part on second amplified image data; 
 the source driver is configured to:
 receive second image data corresponding with the second image frame from the image source; and 
 generate the second amplified image data by amplifying the second image data; and 
 
 the controller is configured to:
 determine a target refresh rate corresponding with the second image frame; 
 instruct the source driver to generate the second amplified image data by implementing the first driving scheme when the target refresh rate is less than a threshold refresh rate; and 
 instruct the source driver to generate the second amplified image data by implementing a third driving scheme different from the first driving scheme and the second driving scheme when the target refresh rate is not less than the threshold refresh rate. 
 
 
     
     
       25. The electronic display of  claim 24 , wherein:
 the plurality of display pixels comprise a first display pixel and a second display pixel directly adjacent the first display pixel; and 
 the source driver comprise a first amplifier communicatively coupled to the first display pixel and a second amplifier communicatively coupled to the second display pixel, wherein:
 the source driver is configured to implement the second driving scheme by:
 operating the first amplifier in a non-inverting operational mode to generate the first amplified image data corresponding with the first display pixel; and 
 operating the second amplifier in an inverting operational mode to generate the first amplified image data corresponding with the second display pixel; and 
 
 the source driver is configured to implement the second driving scheme by:
 operating the first amplifier in the inverting operational mode to generate the second amplified image data corresponding with the first display pixel; and 
 operating the second amplifier in the non-inverting operational mode to generate the second amplified image data corresponding with the second display pixel.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a Non-Provisional application claiming priority to U.S. Provisional patent application Ser. No. 62/208,392, entitled “ELECTRONIC DISPLAY DRIVING SCHEME SYSTEMS AND METHODS,” filed Aug. 21, 2015, which is herein incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     The present disclosure relates generally to electronic displays and, more particularly, to driving schemes used to display image frames on the electronic displays. 
     This section is intended to introduce the reader to various aspects of art that may be related to various aspects of the present techniques, which are described and/or claimed below. This discussion is believed to be helpful in providing the reader with background information to facilitate a better understanding of the various aspects of the present disclosure. Accordingly, it should be understood that these statements are to be read in this light, and not as admissions of prior art. 
     Many electronic devices include an electronic display that displays visual representations based on received image data. More specifically, the image data may include a voltage that indicates desired luminance (e.g., brightness) of a display pixel. For example, in an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display, the image data may be input to and amplified by one or more amplifiers. The amplified image data may then be supplied the gate of a switching device (e.g., a thin film transistor) in a display pixel. Based on magnitude of the supplied voltage, the switching device may control magnitude of supply current flowing into a light emitting component (e.g., OLED) of the display pixel. 
     The display pixel may then emit light based on magnitude of the supply current flowing through the light emitting component. For example, as magnitude of the supply current increases, the luminance (e.g., brightness and/or grayscale value) of the display pixel may increase. On the other hand, as magnitude of the supply current decreases, the luminance of the display pixel may decrease. In other words, any change in magnitude of the supply current may cause a change in luminance of a display pixel. 
     As such, noise introduced in the image data, the supply current, and/or the amplified image data may cause luminance variations in a display pixel. For example, an amplifier may introduce noise in generated amplified image data due to intrinsic characteristics of the amplifier. Thus, when the amplified image data is supplied to the switching device, the noise in the amplified image data may cause a corresponding noise in the supply current. The noise in the supply current may then cause the luminance of the display pixel to vary from surrounding display pixels and/or from its luminance in a directly previous or directly subsequent image frame, which may be perceivable as a visual artifact or mura. 
     SUMMARY 
     A summary of certain embodiments disclosed herein is set forth below. It should be understood that these aspects are presented merely to provide the reader with a brief summary of these certain embodiments and that these aspects are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Indeed, this disclosure may encompass a variety of aspects that may not be set forth below. 
     The present disclosure generally relates to electronic displays that display image frames to facilitate visually presenting information. Generally an electronic display displays an image frame by controlling luminance of its display pixels based at least in part on image data indicating desired luminance of the display pixels. For example, to facilitate displaying an image frame, an organic light emitting diode (OLED) may display may receive image data, amplify the image data using one or more amplifiers, and supply amplified image data to display pixels. When activated, display pixels may apply the amplified image data to the gate of a switching device (e.g., thin-film transistor) to control magnitude of the supply current flowing through a light emitting component (e.g., OLED). In this manner, since the luminance of OLED display pixels is based on supply current flowing through their light emitting components, the image frame may be displayed based at least in part on corresponding image data. 
     However, luminance of OLED display pixels may also be affected by other factors. For example, noise introduced in the amplified image data by the one or more amplifiers may cause luminance variations in the OLED display pixels. When drastic enough, the luminance variations may be perceivable as visual artifacts or muras. 
     Accordingly, the techniques described herein facilitate improving displayed image quality of an OLED display by reducing likelihood of displaying perceivable visual artifacts. In some embodiments, the OLED display may utilize drive schemes that facilitate spatial luminance average and/or temporal luminance averaging to reduce perceivability of luminance variations. As used herein, a “driving scheme” is intended to describe the operational mode of each amplifier used to generate amplified image data supplied to the display pixels. 
     In some embodiments, the operational modes of the amplifiers may include a non-inverting operational mode and an inverting operational mode. When operating in the non-inverting operational mode, an amplifier may input image data to its non-inverting terminal and a feedback of amplified image data to its inverting terminal. When operating in the inverting mode, the amplifier may input image data to its inverting terminal and input a feedback of amplified image data to its non-inverting terminal. Operating in the non-inverting operational mode and the inverting operational mode may introduce different noise profiles (e.g., range of voltages) in the amplified image data. In fact, in some embodiments, noise profiles introduced may be the inverse of one another. 
     Accordingly, in some embodiments, the driving schemes may be defined such that an amplifier alternates between operating in a first (e.g., non-inverting) operational mode and a second (e.g., inverting) operational mode when displaying successive image frames. In such embodiments, an OLED display pixel may facilitate displaying a first image frame using amplified image data generated using the first operational mode successively displaying a second image frame using amplified image data generated using the second operational mode. As such, temporal luminance averaging between the successively displayed image frames may facilitate reducing perceptibility of luminance variations caused by amplified introduced noise. However, the effectiveness of temporal luminance averaging may be dependent on refresh rate of the electronic display. 
     Accordingly, in some embodiments, the driving schemes may be defined such that, to display an image frame, a first amplifier operates in a first (e.g., non-inverting) operational mode and a second amplifier, adjacent the first amplifier, operates in a second (e.g., inverting) operational mode. In such embodiments, a first OLED display pixel may facilitate displaying the first image frame using amplified image data generated using the first operational mode and a second display pixel, directly adjacent the first display pixel, may facilitate displaying the first image frame using amplified image data generated using the second operational mode. As such, spatial luminance averaging between the directly adjacent display pixels may facilitate reducing perceptibility of luminance variations caused by amplified introduced noise. In fact, in some embodiment, the driving schemes may be define such that both spatial luminance averaging and temporal luminance averaging are utilized, thereby further reducing perceivability of luminance variations and, thus, improving displayed image quality. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Various aspects of this disclosure may be better understood upon reading the following detailed description and upon reference to the drawings in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram of a electronic device with an electronic display, in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 2  is an example of the electronic device of  FIG. 1 , in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 3  is an example of the electronic device of  FIG. 1 , in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 4  is an example of the electronic device of  FIG. 1 , in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 5  is an example of the electronic device of  FIG. 1 , in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 6  is block diagram of an organic light emitting diode (OLED) electronic display, in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 7  is block diagram of a portion of the OLED electronic display of  FIG. 6 , in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 8  is a block diagram of an amplifier used in the portion of the OLED electronic display of  FIG. 7  operating in a first mode, in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 9  is a block diagram of an amplifier used in the portion of the OLED electronic display of  FIG. 7  operating in a second mode, in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 10  is a plot of example amplified image data output by the amplifier of  FIG. 8  operating in the first mode, in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 11  is a plot of example amplifier image data output by the amplifier of  FIG. 9  operating in the second mode, in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 12  is a diagrammatic representation of one driving scheme for the portion of the OLED display of  FIG. 7 , in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 13  is a diagrammatic representation of another driving scheme for the portion of the OLED display of  FIG. 7 , in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 14  is a diagrammatic representation of another driving scheme for the portion of the OLED display of  FIG. 7 , in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 15  is a diagrammatic representation of another driving scheme for the portion of the OLED display of  FIG. 7 , in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 16  is a flow diagram of a process for operating the OLED electronic display of  FIG. 6 , in accordance with an embodiment; and 
         FIG. 17  is a flow diagram of another process for operating the OLED electronic display of  FIG. 6 , in accordance with an embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     One or more specific embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below. These described embodiments are only examples of the presently disclosed techniques. Additionally, in an effort to provide a concise description of these embodiments, all features of an actual implementation may not be described in the specification. It should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developers&#39; specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which may vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it should be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time consuming, but may nevertheless be a routine undertaking of design, fabrication, and manufacture for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure. 
     When introducing elements of various embodiments of the present disclosure, the articles “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to mean that there are one or more of the elements. The terms “comprising,” “including,” and “having” are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements other than the listed elements. Additionally, it should be understood that references to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” of the present disclosure are not intended to be interpreted as excluding the existence of additional embodiments that also incorporate the recited features. 
     As mentioned above, embodiments of the present disclosure relate to electronic displays used to display visual representations as image frames. Thus, electronic displays are often included in various electronic devices to facilitate visually presenting information to users. In fact, different electronic devices may utilize different types of electronics displays. For example, some electronic devices may utilize a liquid crystal (LCD) display while other electronic devices utilize organic light emitting diode (OLED) display, such as active matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) displays and passive matrix organic light emitting diode (PMOLED) displays, and still other electronic devices may utilize micro light emitting diode (μLED) displays. 
     However, operation between different types of electronic displays may vary. For example, an LCD display may display an image frame by controlling luminance (e.g., brightness and/or grayscale value) of LCD display pixels based on orientation of liquid crystals. More specifically, in an LCD display pixel, a voltage based on received image data may be applied to a pixel electrode, thereby generating an electric field that orients the liquid crystals. In some embodiments, to reduce likelihood of polarizing the LCD display pixel, polarity of the voltage applied to the pixel electrode may be positive for some image frames and negative for other image frames. 
     On the other hand, an OLED display may display an image frame by controlling luminance (e.g., brightness and/or grayscale value) of OLED display pixels based on magnitude of supply current flowing through a light emitting component (e.g., OLED) of the display pixels. More specifically, a voltage based on received image data may be applied to the gate of a switching device (e.g., thin-film transistor) in an OLED display pixel to control magnitude of supply current flowing to its light emitting component. In some embodiments, since luminance of the OLED display pixel is controlled by magnitude of supply current, polarity of the voltage applied to the switching device may remain the same for each image frame. 
     Although differences exist, some operational principles of different types of electronic displays may be similar. For example, as described above, the LCD display and the OLED display may both display image frames by controlling luminance of their display pixels. Additionally, the LCD display and the OLED display may both control luminance of their display pixels based on received image data, which may indicate desired luminance of display pixels based on magnitude of its voltage. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the LCD display and the OLED display may both amplify the image data and use the amplified image data to control operation in their display pixels. In other words, although the present disclosure is described in regard to OLED displays, one of ordinary skill in the art should be able to adapt the techniques described herein to other types of suitable electronic displays. 
     As described above, an OLED display may display image frames by controlling luminance of its display pixels. In some embodiments, an OLED display pixel may include a self-emissive light emitting component that emits light based at least in part on magnitude of current supplied to a storage capacitor. For example, as magnitude of the supply current increases, the luminance of the display pixel may also increase. On the other hand, as magnitude of the supply current decreases, the luminance of the display pixel may also decrease. 
     Additionally, the OLED display may control magnitude of the supply current to the display pixel using a switching device (e.g., a thin-film transistor). In some embodiments, the OLED display may receive image data indicating desired luminance of the display pixel, amplify the image data, and apply the amplified image data to a gate of the switching device. In such embodiments, voltage of the amplified image data may control width of the switching device channel available to conduct supply current to the light emitting component. For example, as magnitude of the amplified image data increases, the magnitude of the supply current may increase. On the other hand, as magnitude of the amplified image data decreases, the magnitude of the supply current may decrease. In this manner, the OLED display may adjust luminance of the display pixels based at least in part on received image data. 
     However, the luminance of OLED display pixels may also be affected by other factors, such as noise introduced in the image data, the amplified image data, and/or the supply current. When drastic enough, the luminance variations caused by introduced noise may be perceivable as visual artifacts or muras. In some embodiments, noise may be introduced in the amplified image data by intrinsic characteristics (e.g., imperfections) of an amplifier that generates the amplified image data. For example, when the desired amplified image data is 3 V, the generated amplified image data may actually be 3 V with a noise between 5 mV and −5 mV. 
     Since the amplified image data is applied to the switching device, noise in the amplified image data may introduce noise in the supply current. In other words, the supply current may also vary from a desired magnitude based at least in part on the noise the in the amplified image data. The noise in the supply current may then cause variations in luminance of the OLED display pixels. 
     In some embodiments, the luminance variations may depend at least in part on desired grayscale value of a display pixel. For example, the same amount of noise in supply current may cause a larger luminance variation when the desired grayscale value is lower and a smaller luminance variation when the desired grayscale value is higher. Additionally, perceivability of luminance variations may depend at least in part on refresh rate of the OLED electronic display. For example, the same amount of luminance variation may be more likely to be perceived when operating at a lower refresh rate and less likely to be perceived when operating at a higher refresh rate. 
     Accordingly, as will be described in more detail below, the techniques described herein facilitate improving displayed image quality of an OLED display by reducing likelihood of displaying perceivable visual artifacts. In some embodiments, the OLED display may alternate between multiple driving schemes used to display successive image frames. For example, the OLED display may display a first image frame using a first driving scheme, a second image frame using a second driving scheme, a third image frame using the first driving scheme, a fourth image frame using the second driving scheme, and so on. 
     As used herein, a “driving scheme” is intended to describe the operational mode of each amplifier used to generate amplified image data supplied to the display pixels. For example, an amplifier may operate in a first (e.g., non-inverting) operational mode when image data is input to it non-inverting terminal and a feedback of the amplified image data is input to its inverting terminal. On the other hand, the amplifier may operate in a second (e.g., inverting) operational mode when image data is input to its inverting terminal and a feedback of the amplified image data is input to its non-inverting terminal. 
     As described above, the amplifier may introduce noise in the amplified image data. In some embodiments, the noise may be based at least in part on the operational mode of the amplifier. For example, when operating in the first operational mode, the amplifier may randomly introduce between −1 mV and 5 mV of noise in the amplified image data. On the other hand, when operating in the second operational mode, the amplifier may randomly introduce between −5 mV and 1 mV of noise in the amplified image data. In such embodiments, operating in the first operational mode and the second operational mode may produce noise in voltage ranges with opposite polarity, which may facilitate reducing perceivability of luminance variations due to luminance averaging. 
     Accordingly, in some embodiments, the driving schemes may be defined such that, to display successive image frames, an amplifier alternates between operating in the first operational mode and the second operational mode. For example, when a first image frame is displayed using a first driving scheme and a second image is display using a second driving scheme, the first driving scheme may be defined such that the amplifier operates in the first operational mode to supply amplified image data to a display pixel and the second driving scheme may be defined such that the amplifier operates in the second operational mode to supply amplified image to the display pixel. In this manner, luminance of the display pixel in the first image frame and the second image frame may temporally average, thereby reducing perceptibility of luminance variations caused by introduced noise. As such, displaying successive image frames using driving schemes that alternate between operating amplifiers in the first operational mode and the second operational mode may reduce likelihood of displaying a perceptible visual artifact. 
     Additionally, in some embodiments, the driving schemes may be defined such that, to display an image frame, a first amplifier operates in the first operational mode and a second amplifier, adjacent the first amplifier, operates in the second operational mode. For example, a driving scheme used to display an image frame may be defined such that the first amplifier operates in the first operational mode to supply amplified image data to a first display pixel and the second amplifier operates in a second operational mode to supply amplified image data to a second display pixel, which is directly adjacent (e.g., directly above, directly below, directly to the right of, or directly to the left of) the first display pixel. In this manner, luminance of the first display pixel and the second display pixel may spatially average, thereby reducing perceptibility of luminance variations caused by introduced noise. As such, displaying an image frame using a driving scheme that operates adjacent amplifiers in different operational modes may reduce likelihood of displaying a perceptible visual artifact. 
     To help illustrate, a computing device  10  that may utilize an electronic display  12  to display image frames is described in  FIG. 1 . As will be described in more detail below, the computing device  10  may be any suitable computing device, such as a handheld computing device, a tablet computing device, a notebook computer, and the like. 
     Accordingly, as depicted, the computing device  10  includes the electronic display  12 , input structures  14 , input/output (I/O) ports  16 , one or more processor(s)  18 , memory  20 , a non-volatile storage device  22 , a network interface  24 , and a power source  26 . The various components described in  FIG. 1  may include hardware elements (e.g., circuitry), software elements (e.g., a tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium storing industrious), or a combination of both hardware and software elements. It should be noted that  FIG. 1  is merely one example of a particular implementation and is intended to illustrate the types of components that may be present in the computing device  10 . Additionally, it should be noted that the various depicted components may be combined into fewer components or separated into additional components. For example, the memory  20  and the non-volatile storage device  22  may be included in a single component. 
     As depicted, the processor  18  is operably coupled with memory  20  and/or the non-volatile storage device  22 . More specifically, the processor  18  may execute instruction stored in memory  20  and/or non-volatile storage device  22  to perform operations in the computing device  10 , such as generating and/or transmitting image data to the electronic display  12 . As such, the processor  18  may include one or more general purpose microprocessors, one or more application specific processors (ASICs), one or more field programmable logic arrays (FPGAs), or any combination thereof. 
     Additionally, the memory  20  and the non-volatile storage device  22  may be tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable mediums that store instructions executable by and data to be processed by the processor  18 . For example, the memory  20  may include random access memory (RAM) and the non-volatile storage device  22  may include read only memory (ROM), rewritable flash memory, hard drives, optical discs, and the like. By way of example, a computer program product containing the instructions may include an operating system or an application program. 
     Additionally, as depicted, the processor  18  is operably coupled with the network interface  24  to communicatively couple the computing device  10  to a network. For example, the network interface  24  may connect the computing device  10  to a personal area network (PAN), such as a Bluetooth network, a local area network (LAN), such as an 802.11x Wi-Fi network, and/or a wide area network (WAN), such as a 4G or LTE cellular network. Furthermore, as depicted, the processor  18  is operably coupled to the power source  26 , which may provide power to the various components in the computing device  10 , such as the electronic display  12 . As such, the power source  26  may include any suitable source of energy, such as a rechargeable lithium polymer (Li-poly) battery and/or an alternating current (AC) power converter. 
     As depicted, the processor  18  is also operably coupled with I/O ports  16 , which may enable the computing device  10  to interface with various other electronic devices, and input structures  14 , which may enable a user to interact with the computing device  10 . Accordingly, the inputs structures  14  may include buttons, keyboards, mice, trackpads, and the like. Additionally, the electronic display  12  may include touch components that facilitate user inputs by detecting occurrence and/or position of an object touching its screen (e.g., surface of the electronic display  12 ). 
     In addition to enabling user inputs, the electronic display  12  present visual representations by displaying display image frames, such as a graphical user interface (GUI) for an operating system, an application interface, a still image, or video content. As depicted, the electronic display  12  is operably coupled to the processor  18 . Accordingly, image frames displayed by the electronic display  12  may be based on image data received from the processor  18 . As will be described in more detail below, in some embodiments, the electronic display  12  may display image frames by controlling supply current flowing into one or more display pixels. 
     As described above, the computing device  10  may be any suitable electronic device. To help illustrate, one example of a handheld device  10 A is described in  FIG. 2 , which may be a portable phone, a media player, a personal data organizer, a handheld game platform, or any combination of such devices. For example, the handheld device  10 A may be a smart phone, such as any iPhone® model available from Apple Inc. As depicted, the handheld device  10 A includes an enclosure  28 , which may protect interior components from physical damage and to shield them from electromagnetic interference. The enclosure  28  may surround the electronic display  12 , which, in the depicted embodiment, displays a graphical user interface (GUI)  30  having an array of icons  31 . By way of example, when an icon  31  is selected either by an input structure  14  or a touch component of the electronic display  12 , an application program may launch. 
     Additionally, as depicted, input structure  14  may open through the enclosure  28 . As described above, the input structures  14  may enable a user to interact with the handheld device  10 A. For example, the input structures  14  may activate or deactivate the handheld device  10 A, navigate a user interface to a home screen, navigate a user interface to a user-configurable application screen, activate a voice-recognition feature, provide volume control, and toggle between vibrate and ring modes. Furthermore, as depicted, the I/O ports  16  open through the enclosure  28 . In some embodiments, the I/O ports  16  may include, for example, an audio jack to connect to external devices. 
     To further illustrate a suitable computing device  10 , a tablet device  10 B is described in  FIG. 3 , such as any iPad® model available from Apple Inc. Additionally, in other embodiments, the computing device  10  may take the form of a computer  10 C as described in  FIG. 4 , such as any Macbook® or iMac® model available from Apple Inc. Furthermore, in other embodiments, the computing device  10  may take the form of a watch  10 D as described in  FIG. 5 , such as an Apple Watch® model available from Apple Inc. As depicted, the tablet device  10 B, the computer  10 C, and the watch  10 D may each also include an electronic display  12 , input structures  14 , I/O ports  16 , an enclosure  28 , or any combination thereof. 
     As described above, the computing device  10  may include an electronic display  12  to facilitate presenting visual representations to one or more users. Accordingly, the electronic display  12  may be any one of various suitable types. For example, in some embodiments, the electronic display  12  may be an LCD display while, in other embodiments, the display may be an OLED display, such as an AMOLED display or a PMOLED display. Although operation may vary, some operational principles of different types of electronic displays  12  may be similar. For example, electronic displays  12  may generally display image frames by controlling luminance of their display pixels based on received image data. 
     To help illustrate, one embodiment of an OLED display  12 A is described in  FIG. 6 . As depicted, the OLED display  12  A includes a display panel  32 , a source driver  34 , a gate driver  36 , and a power supply  38 . Additionally, the display panel  32  may include multiple display pixels  40  arranged as an array or matrix defining multiple rows and columns. For example, the depicted embodiment includes a six display pixels  40 . It should be appreciated that although only six display pixels  40  are depicted, in an actual implementation the display panel  32  may include hundreds or even thousands of display pixels  40 . 
     As described above, an electronic display  12  may display image frames by controlling luminance of its display pixels  40  based at least in part on received image data. To facilitate displaying an image frame, a timing controller may determine and transmit timing data  42  to the gate driver based at least in part on the image data. For example, in the depicted embodiment, the timing controller may be included in the source driver  34 . Accordingly, in such embodiments, the source driver  34  may receive image data that indicates desired luminance of one or more display pixels  40  for displaying the image frame, analyze the image data to determine the timing data  42  based at least in part on what display pixels  40  the image data corresponds to, and transmit the timing data  42  to the gate driver  36 . Based at least in part on the timing data  42 , the gate driver  36  may then transmit gate activation signals to activate a row of display pixels  40  via a gate line  44 . 
     When activated, luminance of a display pixel  40  may be adjusted by amplified image data received via data lines  46 . In some embodiments, the source driver  34  may generate the amplified image data by receiving the image data and amplifying voltage of the image data. The source driver  34  may then supply the amplified image data to the activated pixels. Thus, as depicted, each display pixel  40  may be located at an intersection of a gate line  44  (e.g., scan line) and a data line  46  (e.g., source line). Based on received amplified image data, the display pixel  40  may adjust its luminance using electrical power supplied from the power supply  38  via power supply lines  48 . 
     As depicted, each display pixel includes a circuit switching thin-film transistor (TFT)  50 , a storage capacitor  52 , an OLED  54 , and a driving TFT  56 . To facilitate adjusting luminance, the driving TFT  56  and the circuit switching TFT  50  may each serve as a switching device that is controllably turned on and off by voltage applied to its gate. In the depicted embodiment, the gate of the circuit switching TFT  50  is electrically coupled to a gate line  44 . Accordingly, when a gate activation signal received from its gate line  44  is above its threshold voltage, the circuit switching TFT  50  may turn on, thereby activating the display pixel  40  and charging the storage capacitor  52  with amplified image data received at its data line  46 . 
     Additionally, in the depicted embodiment, the gate of the driving TFT  56  is electrically coupled to the storage capacitor  52 . As such, voltage of the storage capacitor  52  may control operation of the driving TFT  56 . More specifically, in some embodiments, the driving TFT  56  may be operated in an active region to control magnitude of supply current flowing from the power supply line  48  through the OLED  54 . In other words, as gate voltage (e.g., storage capacitor  52  voltage) increases above its threshold voltage, the driving TFT  56  may increase the amount of its channel available to conduct electrical power, thereby increasing supply current flowing to the OLED  54 . On the other hand, as the gate voltage decreases while still being above its threshold voltage, the driving TFT  56  may decrease amount of its channel available to conduct electrical power, thereby decreasing supply current flowing to the OLED  54 . In this manner, the OLED display  12 A may control luminance of the display pixel  40 . The OLED display  12 A may similarly control luminance of other display pixels  40  to display an image frame. 
     As described above, image data may include a voltage indicating desired luminance of one or more display pixels  40 . Accordingly, operation of the one or more display pixels  40  to control luminance should be based at least in part on the image data. In the OLED display  12 A, a driving TFT  56  may facilitate controlling luminance of a display pixel  40  by controlling magnitude of supply current flowing into its OLED  54 . Additionally, the magnitude of supply current flowing into the OLED  54  may be controlled based at least in part on voltage supplied by a data line  46 , which is used to charge the storage capacitor  52 . However, since image data may be received from an image source, magnitude of the image data may be relatively small. Accordingly, to facilitate controlling magnitude of supply current, the source driver  34  may include one or more amplifiers (e.g., buffers) that amplify the image data to generate amplified image data with a voltage sufficient to control operation of the driving TFTs  56  in their active regions. 
     To help illustrate, a more detailed view of a portion  58  of the OLED display  12 A, which includes the source driver  34 , multiple display pixels  40 , and a controller  60 , is described in  FIG. 7 . As described above, display pixels  40  may be arranged in rows and columns. In the depicted portion  58 , the display pixels  40  are arranged into a first row  62 , a second row  64 , a third row  66 , a fourth row  68 , and a fifth row  70 . Additionally, the display pixels are arranged into a first column  72 , a second column  74 , a third column  76 , a fourth column  78 , and a fifth column  80 . 
     Furthermore, as depicted, the source driver  34  may receive image data from an image source  82 , such as the processor  18 , a graphics processing unit, the controller  60 , a display pipeline, or the like. As described above, the source driver  34  may include one or more amplifiers (e.g., buffers)  84  that amplify the image data and generate amplified image data supplied to one or more display pixels  40 . In some embodiments, each amplifier  84  may generate amplified image data for one column of display pixels  40 . For example, in the depicted portion  58 , the source driver  34  includes a first amplifier  84 A that supplies amplified image data to the first column  72  of display pixels, a second amplifier  84 B that supplies amplified image data to the second column  74  of display pixels, a third amplifier  84 C that supplies amplified image data to the third column  76  of display pixels, a fourth amplifier  84 D that supplies amplified image data to the fourth column  78  of display pixels, and a fifth amplifier  84 D that supplies amplified image data to the fifth column  80  of display pixels. 
     In the depicted embodiment, the controller  60  may generally control operation of the source driver  34  and/or other portions of the electronic display  12 . To facilitate controlling operating, the controller  60  may include a controller processor  86  and controller memory  88 . More specifically, the controller processor  86  may execute instructions and/or process data stored in the controller memory  88  to control operation in the electronic display  12 . Accordingly, in some embodiments, the controller processor  86  may be included in the processor  18  and/or separate processing circuitry and the memory  88  may be included in memory  20  and/or a separate tangible non-transitory computer-readable medium. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the controller  60  may be included in the source driver  34  (e.g., as a timing controller) or as separate discrete circuitry. 
     In some embodiments, the controller  60  may control operation of the electronic display  12  by instructing the amplifier  84  to generate amplified image data. More specifically, this may include instructing the each amplifier  84  to generate amplified image data using either a first (e.g., non-inverting) operational mode or a second (e.g., inverting) operational mode. As described above, each amplifier  84  may introduce noise when amplifying the image data to generate amplified image data due at least in part to intrinsic characteristics. In other words, regardless of whether an amplifier  84  operates in the first operational mode or the second operational mode, the amplifier  84  may introduce noise in generated amplified image data, which causes luminance variations in display pixels  40 . 
     However, in some embodiments, the profile of the noise generated while operating in the first operational mode and the second operational mode may be different. In fact, in some embodiments, noise profile generated by operating in the first operational mode may be the inverse polarity of noise profiled generated by operating in the second operational mode. As such, taking advantage of luminance averaging by a human eye, perceptibility of luminance variations caused by noise introduced in the amplified image data may be reduced. 
     To help illustrate,  FIGS. 8 and 9  describe schematic diagrams of an amplifier  84  operating in two different operational modes. More specifically,  FIG. 8  describes the amplifier  84  operating in a non-inverting (e.g., first) operational mode and  FIG. 9  describes the amplifier  84  operating in an inverting (e.g., second) operational mode. As depicted, the amplifier  84  includes a non-inverting terminal  94  and an inverting terminal  96 . Additionally, in both the non-inverting operational mode and the inverting operational mode, the amplifier  84  receives image data  90  at one terminal, outputs amplified image data  92 , and receives a feedback of the amplified image data  92  at another terminal. 
     However, as depicted in  FIG. 8 , when operating in the non-inverting operational mode, the amplifier  84  receives the image data  90  at its non-inverting terminal  94  and the feedback of the amplifier image data  92  at its inverting terminal  96 . On the other hand, as depicted in  FIG. 9 , when operating in the inverting operational mode, the amplifier  84  receives the image data at its inverting terminal  96  and the feedback of the amplified image data  92  at its non-inverting terminal  94 . As described above, the amplifier  84  may introduce random noise in the amplified image data  92  regardless of whether operating in the non-inverting operational mode or the inverting operational mode. For example, when the desired amplified image data is 3V, the output amplified image data may be 3V plus some random noise between −5 mV and +5 mV. 
     Although the introduce noise may be random, the profile of the noise introduced when operating in the non-inverting operational mode may be different from the profile of the noise introduced when operating in the inverting operational mode. In some embodiments, the range of noise voltage may be different and/or the noise profiles may be the inverse of one another. For example, when operating in the non-inverting operational mode, the amplifier  84  may introduce random noise between −1 mV and 5 mV. On the other hand, when operating in the inverting operational mode, the amplifier  84  may introduce random noise between −5 mV and 1 mV. As such, perceptibility of luminance variations may be reduced by taking advantage of luminance averaging of the human eye. 
     To help illustrate,  FIGS. 10 and 11  describes examples of amplified image data output by the amplifier  84  when operating is two different operational modes. More specifically,  FIG. 10  is a plot of a first amplified image data  98  output when the amplifier  84  is operating in the non-inverting operational mode over time. Additionally,  FIG. 11  is a plot of a second amplified image data  100  output when the amplifier  84  is operating in the non-inverting operational mode over time. 
     In the described example, the desired amplified image data is 3 V. However, in both instances, the noise introduce in the amplifier  84  causes the output amplified image data  98  and  100  to vary from the desired 3 V. In fact, in the depicted embodiments, the noise introduce in the first amplified image data  98  is the inverse of noise introduce in the second amplified image data  100 . For example, at one instance in time, the first amplified image data  98  may be 3.001 V while the second amplified image data  98  may be 2.999 V. In such an instance, a display pixel  40  receiving the first amplified image data  98  and a display pixel  40  receiving the second image data may still vary in luminance. However, due to luminance averaging of the human eye, the perceptibility of the luminance difference may be reduced and, in fact, may enable perceived luminance to be approximately equal to a desired luminance (e.g., luminance produced when 3 V is supplied). 
     It should be appreciated that the first amplified image data  98  and the second amplified image data  100  are merely a simplified example. In an actual implementation, the noise introduced in the first amplified image data  98  and noise introduced in the second amplified image data  100  may be random and, thus, not always an exact inverse of one another. Nevertheless, as the number of luminance averaged display pixels  40  increases, the likelihood of introduced noise canceling increases. Accordingly, driving schemes used to display image frames may be determined to increase number of luminance averaged display pixels  40 . As described above, a driving scheme describes the operational mode with which amplifiers  84  generates amplified image data  92  used to control luminance of display pixels  40 . 
     To help illustrate,  FIGS. 12 and 13  describe examples of two driving schemes used to display image frames. More specifically,  FIG. 12  describes a first driving scheme  102  and  FIG. 13  describes a second driving scheme  104 . In the depicted embodiment, the first driving scheme  102  and the second driving scheme  104  are described by the twenty-five display pixels  40  from  FIG. 7  with an amplifier operational mode used to generate amplified image data supplied to each display pixel  40  superimposed thereon. 
     As depicted in  FIG. 12 , in the first driving scheme  102 , each display pixel  40  may be supplied amplified image data  92  generated by amplifiers  84  operating in the non-inverting (e.g., first) operational mode. Accordingly, the controller  60  may instruct the first amplifier  84 A, the second amplifier  84 B, the third amplifier  84 C, the fourth amplifier  84 D, and the fifth amplifier  84 E to operate in the non-inverting operational mode. On the other hand, as depicted in  FIG. 13 , each display pixel  40  may be supplied amplified image data  92  generated by amplifiers  84  operating in the inverting (e.g., second) operational mode. Accordingly, the controller may instruct the first amplifier  84 A, the second amplifier  84 B, the third amplifier  84 C, the fourth amplifier  84 D, and the fifth amplifier  84 E to operate in the inverting operational mode. 
     In some embodiments, the controller  60  may instruct the amplifiers  84  to alternate between the first driving scheme  102  and the second driving scheme  104  when displaying successive image frames. For example, the controller  60  may instruct the amplifier  84  to use the first driving scheme  102  when displaying a first image frame and to use the second driving scheme  104  when successively displaying a second image frame. In such an instance, each display pixel  40  may display the first image frame based on amplified image data  92  generated by an amplifier  84  operating in the non-inverting operational mode and display the second image frame based on amplified image data  92  generated by the amplifier operating in the inverting operational mode. 
     When image frames are successively displayed, the human eye may temporally average luminance of multiple image frames. Additionally, as described above, luminance variations caused by operating the in the non-inverting operational mode and the inverting operational mode may average to reduce perceptibility of the luminance variations. Accordingly, alternating between the first driving scheme  102  and the second driving scheme  104  to display successive image frames may reduce perceivability of the luminance variations due to temporal luminance averaging. 
     However, the effectiveness of temporal luminance averaging may be directly related to refresh rate of the electronic display  12 . For example, as refresh rate increases, the number of image frames temporally averaged by the human eye may increase, thereby reducing perceivability of the luminance variations. However, as refresh rate decreases, the number of image frames temporally averaged by the human eye may decrease, thereby increasing perceivability of luminance variations. 
     Thus, in addition to temporal luminance averaging, the likelihood of displaying perceivable luminance variations (e.g., visual artifacts) may be reduced using spatial luminance averaging. In fact, since spatial luminance averaging may average luminance of adjacent display pixels  40 , driving schemes utilizing spatial luminance averaging may be less affected by refresh rate of the electronic display  12 . Thus, such driving schemes may be particularly useful when the electronic display  12  operates with a lower refresh rate (e.g., 30 Hz). 
     To help illustrate,  FIG. 14  describes an examples of a third driving scheme  106  used to display image frames. In the depicted embodiment, the third driving scheme  106  is described by the twenty-five display pixels  40  from  FIG. 7  with an amplifier operational mode used to generate amplified image data supplied to each display pixel  40  superimposed thereon. In the third driving scheme  106 , each display pixel  40  may be supplied amplified image data  92  generated by a different operational mode than directly adjacent (e.g., directly above, directly below, directly to the left, or directly to the right) display pixels. 
     For example, in the depicted embodiment, a first display pixel  40 A receives amplified image data generated by an amplifier  84  operating in the non-inverting operational mode. Additionally, a second display pixel  40 B, directly above the first display pixel  40 A, and a third display pixel  40 C, directly below the first display pixel  40 A, each receives amplified image data generated by the amplifier  84  operating in the inverting operational mode. Furthermore, a third display pixel  40 D, directly to the left of the first display pixel  40 A, and a fourth display pixel  40 E, directly to the right of the first display pixel  40 B, each receives amplified image data generated by amplifiers  84  operating in the inverting operational mode. 
     As described above, an amplifier  84  may generate amplified image data for a column of display pixels  40 . Additionally, in some embodiments, amplified image data may be supplied to one row of display pixels  40  at a time. Thus, to display an image frame using the third driving scheme  106  in the depicted embodiment, the controller  60  may instruct the first amplifier  84 A, the third amplifier  84 C, and the fifth amplifier  84 E to operate in the non-inverting operational mode and the second amplifier  84 B and the fourth amplifier  84 D to operate in the inverting operational mode when writing to the first row  62  of display pixels  62 . Additionally, the controller  60  may instruct the first amplifier  84 A, the third amplifier  84 C, and the fifth amplifier  84 E to operate in the inverting operational mode and the second amplifier  84 B and the fourth amplifier  84 D to operate in the non-inverting operational mode when writing to the second row  64  of display pixels  62 . In a similar manner, the controller  60  may instruct the amplifiers  84  to operate in the non-inverting operational mode or the inverting operational mode when writing to the third row  66  of display pixels  40 , the fourth row  68  of display pixels  40 , and the fifth row  70  of display pixels  40 . 
     When an image frame is displayed, the human eye may spatially average luminance of adjacent display pixels  40 . Additionally, as described above, luminance variations caused by operating the in the non-inverting operational mode and the inverting operational mode may average to reduce perceptibility of the luminance variations. Accordingly, using the third driving scheme  106  to display an image frame may reduce perceivability of the luminance variations due to spatial luminance averaging. 
     As described above, the likelihood of displaying a perceptible luminance variation (e.g., a visual artifact) may be reduced by increasing number of display pixels  40  averaged together. Thus, in some embodiments, driving schemes may utilize both spatial and temporal luminance averaging to reduce perceivability of luminance variations. 
     To help illustrate,  FIG. 15  describes an examples of a fourth driving scheme  108  that may be used with the third driving scheme  106  to display image frames. In the depicted embodiment, the fourth driving scheme  108  is described by the twenty-five display pixels  40  from  FIG. 7  with an amplifier operational mode used to generate amplified image data supplied to each display pixel  40  superimposed thereon. 
     Similar to the third driving scheme  108 , in the fourth driving scheme  108 , each display pixel  40  may be supplied amplified image data  92  generated by a different operational mode than adjacent (e.g., directly above, directly below, directly to the left, or directly to the right) display pixels to facilitate spatial luminance averaging. For example, in the depicted embodiment, the first display pixel  40 A receives amplified image data generated by an amplifier  84  operating in the inverting operational mode. Additionally, the second display pixel  40 B, directly above the first display pixel  40 A, and a third display pixel  40 C, directly below the first display pixel  40 A, each receives amplified image data generated by the amplifier  84  operating in the non-inverting operational mode. Furthermore, the third display pixel  40 D, directly to the left of the first display pixel  40 A, and the fourth display pixel  40 E, directly to the right of the first display pixel  40 B, each receives amplified image data generated by amplifiers  84  operating in the non-inverting operational mode. 
     Thus, to display an image frame using the fourth driving scheme  108  in the depicted embodiment, the controller  60  may instruct the first amplifier  84 A, the third amplifier  84 C, and the fifth amplifier  84 E to operate in the inverting operational mode and the second amplifier  84 B and the fourth amplifier  84 D to operate in the non-inverting operational mode when writing to the first row  62  of display pixels  62 . Additionally, the controller  60  may instruct the first amplifier  84 A, the third amplifier  84 C, and the fifth amplifier  84 E to operate in the non-inverting operational mode and the second amplifier  84 B and the fourth amplifier  84 D to operate in the inverting operational mode when writing to the second row  64  of display pixels  62 . In a similar manner, the controller  60  may instruct the amplifiers  84  to operate in the non-inverting operational mode or the inverting operational mode when writing to the third row  66  of display pixels  40 , the fourth row  68  of display pixels  40 , and the fifth row  70  of display pixels  40 . 
     Additionally, in the fourth driving scheme  108 , each display pixel  40  may display an image frame using amplified image data generated by a different operational mode than amplified image data used to display a directly previous image frame to facilitate temporal averaging. As such, in some embodiments, the controller  60  may instruct amplifiers  84  to alternate between the third driving scheme  106  and the fourth driving scheme  108  when displaying successive image frames. 
     For example, the controller  60  may instruct the amplifiers  84  to use the third driving scheme  106  when displaying a first image frame and to use the fourth driving scheme  109  when successively displaying a second image frame. In such an embodiment, to display the first image frame, the first display pixel  40 A may emit light based on amplified image data  92  generated by an amplifier  84  operating in the non-inverting operational mode while its directly adjacent display pixels  40  (e.g., second display pixel  40 B, third display pixel  40 C, the fourth display pixel  40 D, and fifth display pixel  40 E) emit light based on amplified image data  92  generated by amplifiers  84  operating in the inverting operational mode. As such luminance of the first display pixel  40 A in the first image frame may be spatially averaged with its directly adjacent display pixels  40  to reduce perceivability of luminance variations caused by amplifier  84  introduced noise. 
     To display the second image frame, the first display pixel  40 A may emit light based on amplified image data  92  generated by an amplifier  84  operating in the inverting operational mode while its directly adjacent display pixels  40  (e.g., second display pixel  40 B, third display pixel  40 C, the fourth display pixel  40 D, and fifth display pixel  40 E) emit light based on amplified image data  92  generated by amplifiers  84  operating in the non-inverting operational mode. As such luminance of the first display pixel  40 A in the second image frame may also be spatially averaged with its directly adjacent display pixels  40 . Additionally, since the first display pixel  40 A displays the first image frame using amplified image data  92  generated in the non-inverting mode and the second image frame using amplified image data  92  generated in the inverting mode, luminance of the first display pixel  40 A in the first image frame and the second image frame may temporally average to further reduce perceivability of luminance variations caused by amplifier  84  introduced noise. 
     It should be appreciated that the described driving schemes (e.g., first driving scheme  102 , second driving scheme  104 , third driving scheme  106 , and fourth driving scheme  108 ) are merely intended to be illustrative. In other words, other driving schemes may be used to reduce likelihood of displaying luminance variations perceivable by a human eye (e.g., a perceivable visual artifact). As described above, such driving schemes may utilize temporal luminance averaging, spatial luminance averaging, or both. 
     One embodiment of a process  110  for utilizing a drive scheme to reduce likelihood of displaying perceivable luminance variations is described in  FIG. 16 . Generally, the process  110  includes determining a driving scheme (process block  112 ) and displaying an image frame using the driving scheme. In some embodiments, the process  110  may be implemented by instructions stored in a tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable medium, such as memory  20 , storage device  22 , controller memory  88 , or the like, that are executable by processing circuitry, such as processor  18 , controller processor  86 , or the like. 
     Accordingly, in such embodiments, the controller  60  may determine the driving scheme (process block  112 ). In some embodiments, the driving scheme may be stored in the computing device  10 , for example, in memory  20 , storage device  22 , and/or controller memory  88 . Thus, the controller  60  may determine the driving scheme by retrieving it from the computing device  10 . 
     In some embodiments, the driving scheme may be predetermined and stored in the computing device  10  by a manufacturer. Additionally or alternatively, the computing device  10  may determine and store the driving scheme. For example, in some embodiments, the computing device  10  may run a calibration process on the electronic display  12  to determine noise profile introduced by the amplifiers  84  in different operational modes and determine the driving scheme accordingly. 
     Additionally, in some embodiments, the computing device  10  may store multiple driving schemes. As such, the controller  60  may select and/or modify one of the stored driving schemes based at least in part on operational parameters of the electronic display  12 , such as refresh rate, desired image quality, desired power consumption, and/or number of driving schemes selected. For example, when only one driving scheme is selected and/or refresh rate of electronic display  12  is low (e.g., 30 Hz), the controller  60  may select a driving scheme that facilitates spatial luminance averaging to reduce likelihood of display perceivable luminance variations. Thus, the controller  60  may select the third driving scheme  106  described in  FIG. 14  or the fourth driving scheme  108  described in  FIG. 15 . However, the controller  60  select any driving scheme that instructs amplifiers  84  to generate amplified image data  92  supplied to a display pixel  40  using an operational mode different from the operational mode used to generate amplified image data  92  supplied to one or more directly adjacent display pixels  40 . 
     The controller  60  may then instruct the electronic display  12  to display an image frame using the driving scheme (process block  114 ). In some embodiments, the controller  60  may instruct the amplifiers  84  to generate amplified image data  92  supplied to display pixels  40  in accordance with the driving scheme to display the image frame. For example, when using the third driving scheme  106  to display the image frame, the controller  60  may instruct the first amplifier  84 A, the third amplifier  84 C, and the fifth amplifier  84 E to operate in the non-inverting operational mode and the second amplifier  84 B and the fourth amplifier  84 D to operate in the inverting operational mode when writing to the first row  62  of display pixels  62 . Additionally, the controller  60  may instruct the first amplifier  84 A, the third amplifier  84 C, and the fifth amplifier  84 E to operate in the inverting operational mode and the second amplifier  84 B and the fourth amplifier  84 D to operate in the non-inverting operational mode when writing to the second row  64  of display pixels  62 , and so on. In this manner, luminance of at least one display pixel  40  may spatially average with luminance of at least one adjacent display pixel used to display the image frame. 
     As such, the displayed image quality of the electronic display  12  may be improved by using spatial luminance averaging to reduce likelihood of displaying perceivable luminance variations (e.g., visual artifacts). As described above, in addition to spatial luminance averaging, temporal luminance averaging may also facilitate reducing likelihood of displaying perceivable luminance variations. In some embodiments, temporal luminance averaging may be enabled by utilizing multiple different driving schemes. 
     One embodiment of a process  116  utilizing multiple different drive schemes to reduce likelihood of displaying perceivable luminance variations is described in  FIG. 17 . Generally, the process  116  includes determining a first driving scheme (process block  118 ), determining a second driving scheme (process block  120 ), displaying a first image frame using the first driving scheme (process block  122 ), determining driving scheme used to display a previous image frame (process block  124 ), determining whether the previous driving scheme is the first driving scheme (decision block  126 ), displaying a next image frame using the second driving scheme when the previous driving scheme is the first driving scheme (process block  128 ), and displaying the next image frame using the first driving scheme when the previous driving scheme is not the first driving scheme (process block  130 ). In some embodiments, the process  116  may be implemented by instructions stored in a tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable medium, such as memory  20 , storage device  22 , controller memory  88 , or the like, that are executable by processing circuitry, such as processor  18 , controller processor  86 , or the like. 
     Accordingly, in such embodiments, the controller  60  may determine the first driving scheme (process block  118 ) and determine the second driving scheme (process block  120 ). As used in regard to the process  116  of  FIG. 17 , the first driving scheme and the second driving scheme are merely intended to describe two different driving schemes and not necessarily the first driving scheme  102  described in  FIG. 12  and the second driving scheme  104  described in  FIG. 13 . In some embodiments, the first driving scheme and the second driving scheme may be stored in the computing device  10 , for example, in memory  20 , storage device  22 , and/or controller memory  88 . Thus, the controller  60  may determine the first driving scheme and the second driving scheme by retrieving them from the computing device  10 . 
     In some embodiments, the first driving scheme and/or the second driving scheme may be predetermined and stored in the computing device  10  by a manufacturer. Additionally or alternatively, the computing device  10  may determine and store the first driving scheme and/or the second driving scheme. For example, in some embodiments, the computing device  10  may run a calibration process on the electronic display  12  to determine noise profile introduced by the amplifiers  84  operating in different operational modes and determine the first driving scheme and/or the second driving scheme accordingly. 
     Additionally, in some embodiments, the computing device  10  may store multiple driving schemes. As such, the controller  60  may select and/or modify two of the stored driving schemes based at least in part on operational parameters of the electronic display  12 , such as refresh rate, desired image quality, desired power consumption, and/or number of driving schemes selected. For example, when two driving scheme are selected and/or refresh rate of electronic display  12  is high (e.g., 60 Hz), the controller  60  may select two driving schemes that facilitate temporal luminance averaging to reduce likelihood of displaying perceivable luminance variations. Thus, in some embodiments, the controller  60  may select the first driving scheme  102  described in  FIG. 12  as the first driving scheme and the second driving scheme  104  described in  FIG. 13  as the second driving scheme. However, the controller  60  select any two driving schemes that instructs amplifiers  84  to generate amplified image data  92  supplied to a display pixel  40  for display of an image frame using an operational mode different from the operational mode used to generate amplified image data  92  supplied to the display pixel  40  for display of a directly previous image frame. 
     As described above, to further reduce likelihood of displaying perceivable luminance variations, the controller  60  that facilitate both spatial luminance averaging and temporal luminance averaging. Thus, in some embodiments, the controller may select the third driving scheme  106  described in  FIG. 14  as the first driving scheme and the fourth driving scheme  108  described in  FIG. 15  as the second driving scheme. However, the controller  60  select any two driving schemes that instructs amplifiers  84  both to generate amplified image data  92  supplied to a display pixel  40  for display of an image frame using an operational mode different from the operational mode used to generate amplified image data  92  supplied to the display pixel  40  for display of a directly previous image frame and to generate amplified image data  92  supplied to a display pixel  40  using an operational mode different from the operational mode used to generate amplified image data  92  supplied to one or more directly adjacent display pixels  40 . 
     The controller  60  may then instruct the electronic display  12  to display a first image frame using the first driving scheme (process block  122 ). In some embodiments, the controller  60  may instruct the amplifiers  84  to generate amplified image data  92  supplied to display pixels  40  in accordance with the first driving scheme to display the first image frame. For example, when using the third driving scheme  106  to display the first image frame, the controller  60  may instruct the first amplifier  84 A, the third amplifier  84 C, and the fifth amplifier  84 E to operate in the non-inverting operational mode and the second amplifier  84 B and the fourth amplifier  84 D to operate in the inverting operational mode when writing to the first row  62  of display pixels  62 . Additionally, the controller  60  may instruct the first amplifier  84 A, the third amplifier  84 C, and the fifth amplifier  84 E to operate in the inverting operational mode and the second amplifier  84 B and the fourth amplifier  84 D to operate in the non-inverting operational mode when writing to the second row  64  of display pixels  62 , and so on. In this manner, luminance of at least one display pixel  40  used to display may spatially average with luminance of at least one adjacent display pixel when displaying the next image frame. 
     Subsequently, the controller  60  may determine the driving scheme used to display a directly previous image frame (process block  124 ). In some embodiments, the controller  60  may store an indication (e.g., flag) of the previous driving scheme in the controller memory  88 . For example, a flag may be set to “0” when the previous driving scheme is the first driving scheme and “1” when the previous driving scheme is the second driving scheme. Accordingly, in such embodiments, the controller  60  may retrieve the flag value to determine the previous driving scheme. 
     The controller  60  may then determine whether the previous driving scheme is the first driving scheme (decision block  126 ). Continuing with the above example, the controller  60  may determine that the previous driving scheme is the first driving scheme when the flag value is “0.” On the other hand, the controller  60  may determine that the previous driving scheme is not the first driving scheme when the flag value is “1.” 
     When the previous driving scheme is the first driving scheme, the controller  60  may instruct the electronic display  12  to display the next image frame using the second driving scheme (process block  128 ). In some embodiments, the controller  60  may instruct the amplifiers  84  to generate amplified image data  92  supplied to display pixels  40  in accordance with the second driving scheme to display the next image frame. For example, when using the fourth driving scheme  108  to display the next frame, the controller  60  may instruct the first amplifier  84 A, the third amplifier  84 C, and the fifth amplifier  84 E to operate in the non-inverting operational mode and the second amplifier  84 B and the fourth amplifier  84 D to operate in the inverting operational mode when writing to the second row  64  of display pixels  62 , and so on. In this manner, luminance of at least one display pixel  40  used to display the next image frame may temporally average with luminance of the at least one display pixel  40  used to display the previous image frame. Moreover, luminance of at least one display pixel  40  may spatially average with luminance of at least one adjacent display pixel when displaying the next image frame. 
     On the other hand, when the previous driving scheme is not the first driving scheme, the controller  60  may instruct the electronic display  12  to display the next image frame using the first driving scheme (process block  128 ). Since two driving schemes are used, the previous driving frame not being the first driving scheme may imply that the previous driving scheme is the second driving scheme. Thus, in some embodiments, the controller  60  may instruct the amplifiers  84  to generate amplified image data  92  supplied to display pixels  40  in accordance with the first driving scheme. For example, when using the third driving scheme  106  to display the next image frame, the controller  60  may instruct the first amplifier  84 A, the third amplifier  84 C, and the fifth amplifier  84 E to operate in the non-inverting operational mode and the second amplifier  84 B and the fourth amplifier  84 D to operate in the inverting operational mode when writing to the first row  62  of display pixels  62 . Additionally, the controller  60  may instruct the first amplifier  84 A, the third amplifier  84 C, and the fifth amplifier  84 E to operate in the inverting operational mode and the second amplifier  84 B and the fourth amplifier  84 D to operate in the non-inverting operational mode when writing to the second row  64  of display pixels  62 , and so on. In this manner, luminance of at least one display pixel  40  used to display the next image frame may temporally average with luminance of the at least one display pixel  40  used to display the previous image frame. Moreover, luminance of at least one display pixel  40  may spatially average with luminance of at least one adjacent display pixel when displaying the next image frame. 
     Although process  116  is described with regard to two different driving schemes, one of ordinary skill in the art should understand that in other embodiments more than two driving schemes may used. For example, in some embodiments, the electronic display  12  may alternate between three or more driving schemes to employ different variations of spatial luminance averaging and/or temporal luminance averaging. Additionally, in some embodiments, the electronic display  12  may adjust the pattern of the driving schemes to employ different variations of spatial luminance averaging and/or temporal luminance averaging. For example, the electronic display  12  may display a first image frame using a first driving scheme, a second image frame using the first driving scheme, a third image frame with a second driving scheme, a fourth image frame using the second driving scheme, a fifth image frame using the first driving scheme, and so on. 
     Accordingly, the technical effects of the present disclosure include improving displayed image quality of an electronic display by reducing likelihood of displaying perceivable visual artifacts. In some embodiments, luminance variations in display pixels may result from noise introduced by amplifiers that amplify image data supplied to the display pixels. To reduce perceivability of luminance variations caused by amplifier noise, operational modes of the amplifiers may be determined to take advantage of luminance averaging of a human eye. For example, amplifiers supplying amplified image data to adjacent display pixels may utilize different operational modes so that spatial luminance averaging of the human eye may reduce perceptibility of any luminance variations. Additionally, an amplifier supplying amplified image data to a display pixel may utilize different operational modes than used for directly previously and/or directly subsequent image frames so that temporal luminance averaging of the human eye may reduce perceptibility of any luminance variations. 
     The specific embodiments described above have been shown by way of example, and it should be understood that these embodiments may be susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms. It should be further understood that the claims are not intended to be limited to the particular forms disclosed, but rather to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of this disclosure.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20151218
Publication Date: 20180619
Grant Date: 20180619
Priority Date: 20150821
Inventors: LIN, CHIN-WEI
GUPTA, VASUDHA
BI, YAFEI
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G09G3/3266", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/3225", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2310/0254", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/3688", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/0204", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/3275", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2310/0291", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H03F2200/375", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/3283", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/0247", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/2048", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/3614", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/3258", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2300/0819", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/0233", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/3275", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H03F2200/375", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/0247", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/0204", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2310/0254", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/3688", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/3614", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2300/0876", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/3225", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/3291", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/3233", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2300/0876", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/3291", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/3233", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2310/0291", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/0233", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/0247", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/0204", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2310/0254", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/3688", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/3614", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/0233", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2310/0291", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/3275", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/3266", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/3258", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/2048", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/3283", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2300/0819", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 56801878