PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-11824072-B2
Application Number: US-202017003638-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Digital optical cross-talk compensation systems and methods

Abstract:
Techniques for implementing and/or operating an electronic device that includes or utilizes a display panel. The display panel includes an organic light-emitting diode layer, an encapsulation layer disposed over the organic light-emitting diode layer, and a color filter layer disposed over the encapsulation layer. The color filter layer overhangs the organic light-emitting diode layer and comprises a first color filter cell of a first color component sub-pixel that at least partially overlaps an organic light-emitting diode of a second color component sub-pixel that is a different color compared to the first color component sub-pixel.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An electronic device comprising:
 an electronic display, wherein the electronic display comprises a display pixel implemented at a pixel position on a display panel and the display pixel comprises a first color component self-emissive sub-pixel and a second color component self-emissive sub-pixel; and 
 image processing circuitry configured to process image data corresponding with image content to be displayed on the display panel of the electronic display at least in part by:
 receiving input image data corresponding with the pixel position of the display pixel in the image content to be displayed on the display panel, wherein the input image data comprises first color component input image data corresponding with the first color component self-emissive sub-pixel and second color component input image data corresponding with the second color component self-emissive sub-pixel; 
 determining a target first color optical cross-talk compensation factor and a target first color-to-second color optical cross-talk compensation factor to be applied to the input image data based at least in part on the pixel position of the display pixel and a target optical cross-talk compensation factor map, wherein the target optical cross-talk compensation factor map is determined based at least in part on one or more viewing characteristic parameters indicative of one or more viewing characteristics with which the display panel is expected to be viewed, and wherein the one or more viewing characteristics comprises a viewing angle or a viewing location; and 
 determining output image data corresponding with the display pixel at least in part by applying the target first color optical cross-talk compensation factor to the first color component input image data and the target first color-to-second color optical cross-talk compensation factor to the second color component input image data to facilitate offsetting color shift resulting from optical cross-talk between the first color component self-emissive sub-pixel and the second color component self-emissive sub-pixel. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the first color component self-emissive sub-pixel is a first color; 
 the second color component self-emissive sub-pixel is a second color different from the first color; and 
 the image processing circuitry is configured to:
 determine a target second color optical cross-talk compensation factor and a target second color-to-first color optical cross-talk compensation factor based at least in part on the pixel position of the display pixel and the target optical cross-talk compensation factor map; and 
 determine the output image data corresponding with the display pixel at least in part by applying the target second color-to-first color optical cross-talk compensation factor to the first color component input image data and the target second color optical cross-talk compensation factor to the second color component input image data to facilitate offsetting color shift resulting from optical cross-talk between the first color component self-emissive sub-pixel and the second color component self-emissive sub-pixel. 
 
 
     
     
       3. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the first color component self-emissive sub-pixel is a first color; 
 the second color component self-emissive sub-pixel is a second color different from the first color; 
 the display pixel comprises a third color component self-emissive sub-pixel, wherein the third color component self-emissive sub-pixel is a third color different from the first color and the second color, and the input image data comprises third color component input image data corresponding with the third color component self-emissive sub-pixel; and 
 the image processing circuitry is configured to:
 determine a target first color-to-third color optical cross-talk compensation factor based at least in part on the pixel position of the display pixel and the target optical cross-talk compensation factor map; and 
 determine the output image data corresponding with the display pixel at least in part by applying the target first color-to-third color optical cross-talk compensation factor to the third color component input image data to facilitate offsetting color shift resulting from optical cross-talk between the first color component self-emissive sub-pixel and the third color component self-emissive sub-pixel. 
 
 
     
     
       4. The electronic device of  claim 3 , wherein:
 the output image data comprises first color component output image data corresponding with the first color component self-emissive sub-pixel of the display pixel and second color component output image data corresponding with the second color component self-emissive sub-pixel of the display pixel; and 
 the image processing circuitry is configured to determine the output image data corresponding with the display pixel at least in part by:
 determining a first result of application of the target first color optical cross-talk compensation factor to the first color component input image data; 
 determining a second result of application of the target first color-to-second color optical cross-talk compensation factor to the second color component input image data; 
 determining a third result of application of the target first color-to-third color optical cross-talk compensation factor to the third color component input image data; and 
 determining the first color component output image data as a sum of the first result, the second result, and the third result. 
 
 
     
     
       5. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the target optical cross-talk compensation factor map explicitly associates a subset of pixel positions non-uniformly spaced across the display panel each with a corresponding matrix of multiple optical cross-talk compensation factors. 
     
     
       6. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the image processing circuitry is configured to:
 receive source image data corresponding with the image content to be displayed on the display panel in a foveated domain that utilizes a lower pixel resolution than the display panel; and 
 determine the input image data at least in part by converting image data corresponding with the source image data from the lower pixel resolution of the foveated domain to a higher pixel resolution of the display panel. 
 
     
     
       7. The electronic device of  claim 6 , wherein the image processing circuitry is configured to covert from the lower pixel resolution of the foveated domain to the higher pixel resolution of the display panel at least in part by generating multiple instances of the input image data. 
     
     
       8. The electronic device of  claim 6 , comprising:
 an eye tracking sensor configured to determine a viewing characteristic parameter indicative of viewing angle with which the display panel is expected to be viewed, viewing location from which the display panel is expected to be viewed, or both; and 
 an image source configured to generate the source image data in the foveated domain based at least in part on the viewing characteristic parameter output from the eye tracking sensor. 
 
     
     
       9. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the display panel of the electronic display comprises:
 an organic light-emitting diode layer comprising a first organic light-emitting diode of the first color component self-emissive sub-pixel and a second organic light-emitting diode of the second color component self-emissive sub-pixel; and 
 a color filter layer comprising a first color filter of the first color component self-emissive sub-pixel and a second color filter of the second color component self-emissive sub-pixel, wherein the color filter layer overhangs one or more edges of the organic light-emitting diode layer. 
 
     
     
       10. The electronic device of  claim 9 , wherein:
 the display panel comprises an encapsulation layer implemented between the organic light-emitting diode layer and the color filter layer; and 
 the color filter layer overhangs one or more edges of the encapsulation layer. 
 
     
     
       11. The electronic device of  claim 9 , wherein a first size of the first color filter differs from a second size of the second color filter. 
     
     
       12. The electronic device of  claim 9 , wherein the first color filter of the first color component self-emissive sub-pixel at least partially overlaps the second organic light-emitting diode of the second color component self-emissive sub-pixel. 
     
     
       13. A method of operating an electronic device comprising:
 receiving, using image processing circuitry in the electronic device, input image data corresponding with a display pixel on a display panel, wherein the input image data is determined at least in part by converting image data associated with source image data corresponding with an image frame to be displayed on the display panel of an electronic display in a foveated domain that utilizes a foveated pixel resolution different from a panel pixel resolution of the display panel, wherein the input image data comprises converted image data comprising first color component converted image data corresponding with a first color component self-emissive sub-pixel of the display pixel on the display panel and second color component converted image data corresponding with a second color component self-emissive sub-pixel of the display pixel on the display panel; 
 determining, using the image processing circuitry, a target set of multiple optical cross-talk compensation factors comprising a target first color optical cross-talk compensation factor and a target first color-to-second color optical cross-talk compensation factor to be applied to the converted image data based at least in part on a pixel position of the display pixel on the display panel and a target optical cross-talk compensation factor map, wherein the target optical cross-talk compensation factor map is determined based at least in part on one or more viewing characteristic parameters indicative of one or more viewing characteristics with which the display panel is expected to be viewed, and wherein the one or more viewing characteristics comprises a viewing angle or a viewing location; and 
 determining, using the image processing circuitry, display image data to be used by the electronic display to display the image frame on the display panel at least in part by applying the target first color optical cross-talk compensation factor to the first color component converted image data and the target first color-to-second color optical cross-talk compensation factor to the second color component converted image data to facilitate reducing perceivability of color shift resulting from optical cross-talk between the first color component self-emissive sub-pixel and the second color component self-emissive sub-pixel on the display panel. 
 
     
     
       14. The method of  claim 13 , wherein:
 in the foveated domain, a central foveation region corresponding with a focus region of a field of view with which the display panel is expected to be viewed and an outer foveation region outside of the central foveation region are identified in the image frame, wherein a first foveated pixel resolution of the central foveation region matches the panel pixel resolution of the display panel and a second foveated pixel resolution of the outer foveation region is lower than the first foveated pixel resolution of the central foveation region; and 
 determining the converted image data comprises:
 determining whether an image pixel in the source image data is located in the central foveation region; 
 outputting a single instance of the converted image data in response to determining that the image pixel is located in the central foveation region; and 
 outputting multiple instances of the converted image data in response to determining that the image pixel is not located in central foveation region. 
 
 
     
     
       15. The method of  claim 13 , wherein determining the target set of multiple optical cross-talk compensation factors comprises determining a three-by-three matrix comprising a red optical cross-talk compensation factor, a red-to-green optical cross-talk compensation factor, a red-to-blue optical cross-talk compensation factor, a green-to-red optical cross-talk compensation factor, a green optical cross-talk compensation factor, a green-to-blue optical cross-talk compensation factor, a blue-to-red optical cross-talk compensation factor, a blue-to-green optical cross-talk compensation factor, and a blue optical cross-talk compensation factor. 
     
     
       16. The method of  claim 13 , wherein determining the target set of multiple optical cross-talk compensation factors comprises determining the target set of multiple optical cross-talk compensation factors based at least in part on an optical cross-talk compensation table that explicitly associates a subset of non-uniformly distributed pixel positions on the display panel each with a corresponding set of multiple optical cross-talk compensation factors. 
     
     
       17. The method of  claim 16 , wherein determining the target set of multiple optical cross-talk compensation factors comprises:
 determining whether the pixel position of the display pixel is explicitly identified in the optical cross-talk compensation table; 
 identifying the corresponding set of multiple optical cross-talk compensation factors explicitly associated with the pixel position in the optical cross-talk compensation table as the target set of multiple optical cross-talk compensation factors to be applied to the converted image data in response to determining that the pixel position is explicitly identified in the optical cross-talk compensation table; and 
 determining the target set of multiple optical cross-talk compensation factors to be applied to the converted image data at least in part by interpolating other sets of multiple optical cross-talk compensation factors explicitly associated with other pixel positions in the optical cross-talk compensation table. 
 
     
     
       18. Image processing circuitry configured to process image data before supply to an electronic display, wherein the image processing circuitry comprises:
 optical cross-talk compensation circuitry configured to receive input image data corresponding with a display pixel on a display panel in a panel domain, wherein the input image data is determined at least in part by converting image data processed by foveation domain image processing circuitry configured to process source image data received in a foveated domain that utilizes a foveated pixel resolution different from a panel pixel resolution of the display panel, wherein the image data is converted by domain conversion circuitry configured to convert the processed image data from the foveated domain to the panel domain of the display panel at least in part by changing the processed image data from the pixel resolution of the foveated domain to a native resolution of the panel domain, and wherein the optical cross-talk compensation circuitry is configured to facilitate determining display image data to be supplied to the electronic display to display corresponding image content at least in part by:
 determining target optical cross-talk compensation factors corresponding to different colored self-emissive sub-pixels to be applied to the input image data based at least in part on a pixel position of the display pixel on the display panel and an optical cross-talk compensation table that explicitly associates a subset of non-uniformly spaced pixel positions on the display panel each with a corresponding set of optical cross-talk compensation factors, wherein the optical cross-talk compensation table is determined based at least in part on one or more viewing characteristic parameters indicative of one or more viewing characteristics with which the display panel is expected to be viewed, and wherein the one or more viewing characteristics comprises a viewing angle or a viewing location; and 
 applying the target optical cross-talk compensation factors to the input image data to facilitate reducing perceivability of color shift resulting from optical cross-talk between different colored self-emissive sub-pixels on the display panel. 
 
 
     
     
       19. The image processing circuitry of  claim 18 , wherein:
 the input image data comprises red component input image data indicative of target magnitude of red light emission from the display pixel, blue component input image data indicative of target magnitude of blue light emission from the display pixel, and green component input image data indicative of target magnitude of green light emission from the display pixel; 
 the target optical cross-talk compensation factors comprise a red optical cross-talk compensation factor, a red-to-green optical cross-talk compensation factor, a red-to-blue optical cross-talk compensation factor, a green-to-red optical cross-talk compensation factor, a green optical cross-talk compensation factor, a green-to-blue optical cross-talk compensation factor, a blue-to-red optical cross-talk compensation factor, a blue-to-green optical cross-talk compensation factor, and a blue optical cross-talk compensation factor; and 
 applying the target optical cross-talk compensation factors to the input image data comprises:
 applying the red optical cross-talk compensation factor, the green-to-red optical cross-talk compensation factor, and the blue-to-red optical cross-talk compensation factor to the red component input image data; 
 applying the red-to-green optical cross-talk compensation factor, the green optical cross-talk compensation factor, and the blue-to-green optical cross-talk compensation factor to the green component input image data; and 
 applying the red-to-blue optical cross-talk compensation factor, the green-to-blue optical cross-talk compensation factor, and the blue optical cross-talk compensation factor to the blue component input image data. 
 
 
     
     
       20. The image processing circuitry of  claim 18 , wherein:
 the foveation domain image processing circuitry comprises white point compensation circuitry, chromatic aberration compensation circuitry, or both; and 
 the image processing circuitry comprises a dither block implemented downstream relative to the optical cross-talk compensation circuitry.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/906,625, filed Sep. 26, 2019, and entitled, “DIGITAL OPTICAL CROSS-TALK COMPENSATION SYSTEMS AND METHODS,” and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/906,563, filed Sep. 26, 2019, and entitled, “DISPLAY PANEL OPTICAL CROSS-TALK COMPENSATION SYSTEMS AND METHODS,” each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes. This application is related to U.S. application Ser. No. 17/003,606, filed Aug. 26, 2020, entitled “Display Panel Optical Cross-Talk Compensation Systems and Methods,” which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes. 
    
    
     SUMMARY 
     A summary of certain embodiments disclosed herein is set forth below. It should be understood that these aspects are presented merely to provide the reader with a brief summary of these certain embodiments and that these aspects are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Indeed, this disclosure may encompass a variety of aspects that may not be set forth below. 
     The present disclosure generally relates to electronic displays, which may be implemented and/or operated to present visual representations of information by displaying one or more images (e.g., image frames and/or pictures) on its display panel. Accordingly, electronic devices, such as computers, mobile phones, portable media devices, tablets, televisions, virtual-reality headsets, and vehicle dashboards, among many others, often include and/or utilize one or more electronic displays. In any case, an electronic display may generally display image content by actively controlling light emission from display pixels, which each includes one or more color component sub-pixels, implemented on its display panel based on corresponding image data, which is indicative of target characteristics (e.g., color and/or magnitude) of light emission therefrom. 
     For example, a display pixel in an electronic display may include one or more red sub-pixels that control magnitude of red light emission from the display pixel, one or more blue sub-pixels that control magnitude of blue light emission from the display pixel, one or more green sub-pixels that control magnitude of green light emission from the display pixel, one or more white sub-pixels that control magnitude of white light emission from the display pixel, or any combination thereof. Additionally, an image pixel (e.g., image data corresponding with point in image content) corresponding with the display pixel may include red component image data (e.g., red grayscale level) indicative of target red light emission from the display pixel, blue component image data (e.g., blue grayscale level) indicative of target blue light emission from the display pixel, green component image data (e.g., green grayscale level) indicative of target green light emission from the display pixel, white component image data (e.g., white grayscale level) indicative of target white light emission from the display pixel, or any combination thereof. In other words, to display image content at the display pixel, the electronic display may actively control magnitude of light emission from the one or more red sub-pixels of the display pixel based on the red component image data, the magnitude of light emission from the one or more green sub-pixels of the display pixel based on the green component image data, and so on. 
     Generally, magnitude of light emission from a display pixel (e.g., color component sub-pixel) varies with the amount of electrical energy stored therein. For example, in some instances, a display pixel may include a light-emissive element, such as an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), that varies its light emission with current flow therethrough, a current control switching device (e.g., transistor) coupled between the light-emissive element and a pixel power (e.g., VDD) supply rail, and a storage capacitor coupled to a control (e.g., gate) terminal of the current control switching device at an internal node of the display pixel. As such, varying the amount of electrical energy stored in the storage capacitor may vary voltage applied to the control input of the current control switching device and, thus, magnitude of electrical current supplied from the pixel power supply rail to the light-emissive element. In other words, at least in such instances, light emission from a display pixel may be controlled at least in part by controlling magnitude of electrical power (e.g., voltage and/or current) supplied to its internal node. 
     However, it should be appreciated that the organic light-emitting diode (OLED) electronic display examples described in the present disclosure are merely intended to be illustrative and not limiting. In particular, it should be appreciated that the techniques described in the present disclosure may be applied to and/or implemented for other types of electronic displays. For example, the techniques may be adapted to a liquid crystal display (LCD) that uses a pixel electrode and a common electrode as a storage capacitor and a light-emitting diode (LED) backlight as a light-emissive element. 
     To facilitate controlling supply of electrical power and, thus, resulting light emission, an electronic display may include driver circuitry electrically coupled its display pixels. For example, the driver circuitry may include a scan (e.g., gate) driver electrically coupled to each of the display pixels via a corresponding scan line and a data (e.g., source) driver electrically coupled to each of the display pixels via a corresponding scan line. To write a display pixel (e.g., color component sub-pixel), the scan driver may output an activation (e.g., logic high) control signal to a scan line coupled to the display pixel, thereby causing the display pixel to electrically connect its storage capacitor to a data line coupled to the display pixel, and the data driver may output an analog electrical (e.g., voltage and/or current) signal to the data line based at least in part on corresponding image data. 
     As described above, image data (e.g., image pixel in image content) corresponding with a display pixel on a display panel may be indicative of target characteristics (e.g., color and/or magnitude) of light emission therefrom, for example, by indicating one or more target achromatic brightness (e.g., grayscale) levels (e.g., values) that are mapped to a light emission magnitude range associated with a panel brightness setting used to display corresponding image content on the display panel. Additionally, as described above, a display pixel may include one or more color component sub-pixels, which are each implemented and/or operated to control light emission of a specific color. For example, a display pixel may include a red sub-pixel that controls magnitude of red light emission from the display pixel, a green sub-pixel that controls magnitude of green light emission from the display pixel, a blue sub-pixel that controls magnitude of blue light emission from the display pixel, a white sub-pixel that controls magnitude of white light emission from the display pixel, or any combination thereof. 
     To facilitate producing light of a target color, at least in some instances, each color component sub-pixel implemented on a display panel may include a color filter cell of an appropriate target color that is disposed between a light-emissive element (e.g., OLED) and an outward-facing viewing surface of the display panel. For example, a red sub-pixel may include a red color filter cell disposed over a red organic light-emitting diode, a green sub-pixel may include a green color filter cell disposed over a green organic light-emitting diode, a blue sub-pixel may include a blue color filter cell disposed over a blue organic light-emitting diode, a white sub-pixel may include a white color filter cell disposed over a white organic light-emitting diode, or any combination thereof. Additionally, at least in some instances, an encapsulation layer, such as thin film encapsulation (TFE) layer, may be formed over the light-emissive elements, for example, to separate one or more light-emissive elements (e.g., OLEDs) from the color filter layer. Thus, at least in such instances, a light ray emitted from a light-emissive element of a color component sub-pixel may pass through the encapsulation layer and the color filter layer before exiting the outward-facing viewing surface of the display panel. 
     Generally, light emitted from a light source, such as an organic light-emitting diode of a color component sub-pixel, radiates outwardly from the light source, for example, in a conical shape. As such, magnitude of light emission is generally strongest along a normal axis of the light source and weakens the farther the emission angle deviates from the normal axis. Accordingly, color filter cells are often implemented such that their footprints (e.g., width, length, and/or pitch) are centered on the normal axes of corresponding light-emissive elements, for example, to facilitate maximizing perceived brightness resulting from actual light emission of the light-emissive elements when the display panel is viewed by a user&#39;s (e.g., human&#39;s) eye with a viewing angle of zero (e.g., pupil oriented perpendicular to display panel and/or along normal axis of display panel). 
     A human&#39;s eye generally perceives visible light due to interaction of cones (e.g., photoreceptor cells) in its retina with corresponding light rays. However, a human&#39;s eye generally has a limited field of view (FOV), which is centered on its viewing (e.g., gaze or pupil) angle. Due to its limited field of view, at least in some instances, a human&#39;s eye may perceive a first portion of light emitted from a display pixel, but not a second portion of the light emitted from the display pixel, for example, due to light rays in the second portion of the emitted light not actually reaching the eye&#39;s retina and, thus, being outside its field of view. In other words, luminance perceived by a human&#39;s eye may generally be dependent on its field of view. 
     However, the field of view of a human&#39;s eye may generally vary with its viewing characteristics, such as viewing (e.g., gaze or pupil) angle, viewing location (e.g., pupil offset from center and/or pupil relief), and/or viewing aperture (e.g., pupil or eye box) size. For example, orientation (e.g., direction) of the field of view of a human&#39;s eye may be dependent on its gaze (e.g., viewing or pupil) angle and, thus, a change in its gaze angle (e.g., due to eye rotation) may change orientation of its field of view. Additionally or alternatively, size (e.g., span) of the field of view of a human&#39;s eye may be dependent on its pupil (e.g., viewing aperture or eye box) size and, thus, a change in its pupil size may change the size of its field of view. 
     Moreover, the sensitivity of a human&#39;s eye to visible light generally varies across its field of view. In particular, a central portion (e.g., fovea) of an eye&#39;s retina is generally more sensitive to visible light compared to a peripheral (e.g., outer) portion of the eye&#39;s retina, for example, due to the central portion of the retina including more and/or denser cones while the peripheral portion includes fewer and/or less dense cones. To facilitate accounting for the variation in sensitivity to visible light, at least in some instances, the field of view of a human&#39;s eye may be divided into a focus (e.g., foveal or high resolution) region, which is centered on its viewing angle, corresponding with the central portion of the eye&#39;s retina and one or more periphery (e.g., non-foveal or low resolution) regions, which are outside the focus region, corresponding with the peripheral portion of the eye&#39;s retina. 
     In other words, at least in some instances, the portion of light emitted from a display pixel (e.g., color component sub-pixel) that is actually perceived by a user&#39;s (e.g., human&#39;s) eye may vary with its field of view and, thus, its viewing characteristics (e.g., angle, location, and/or aperture size) that resulted in the field of view. For example, a color component sub-pixel may appear brighter when viewed from a viewing angle of zero (e.g., pupil oriented along normal axis) and darker when viewed from a non-zero viewing angle (e.g., pupil orientation different from normal axis). In fact, due to spatial offset between color component sub-pixels implemented on a display panel, a user&#39;s eye may concurrently view multiple color component sub-pixels with different viewing angles. In other words, at least in some instances, a first color component sub-pixel may appear brighter and a second color component sub-pixel may appear darker when the display panel is viewed with a first viewing angle whereas the first color component sub-pixel may appear darker and the second color component sub-pixel may appear brighter when the display panel is viewed with a second (e.g., different) viewing angle. Since a user&#39;s eye generally perceives different colors by averaging perceived light emission from multiple color component sub-pixels, at least in some instances, variations in perceived luminance of color component sub-pixels resulting from different sets of viewing characteristics may produce a perceivable color shift in image content displayed on the display panel. 
     Furthermore, as described above, a display panel may include an encapsulation layer implemented between a light-emissive element, such as an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) of a color component sub-pixel, and a color filter layer and, thus, light rays emitted from the light-emissive element pass through the encapsulation layer and the color filter layer before exiting an outward-facing viewing surface of the display panel. Additionally, as described above, light emitted from a light source, such as a light-emissive element (e.g., OLED) of a color component sub-pixel, generally radiates outwardly from the light source, for example, in a conical shape. In fact, due to radiation (e.g., spread) of light rays emitted from a light-emissive element of a color component sub-pixel and the distance the light rays travel before exiting the color filter layer, at least in some instances, a portion of the light rays emitted from the light-emissive element of the color component sub-pixel may actually pass through a color filter cell of a neighboring (e.g., different colored) color component sub-pixel, thereby producing optical cross-talk. For example, a portion of light emitted from an organic light-emitting diode of a red sub-pixel may pass through a red color filter cell of the red sub-pixel while another portion of the light emitted from the organic light-emitting diode passes through a green color filter cell of a neighboring green sub-pixel. 
     When color filter cell footprints are centered over corresponding light-emissive elements, viewing a display panel with a viewing angle of zero generally results in the light that is emitted from the light-emissive elements and actually perceived by a user&#39;s (e.g., human&#39;s) eye passing through appropriately colored color filter cells. However, as viewing angle moves away from zero, a user&#39;s eye may end up perceiving more of the light that passes through a neighboring (e.g., inappropriately colored) color filter cell, thereby increasing perceivability of color shift resulting from optical cross-talk. In other words, different sets of viewing characteristics may affect the resulting field of view and, thus, color of light emitted from a display panel that is actually perceived by a user&#39;s eye, which, at least in some instances, may result in a perceivable color shift in image content displayed on the display panel. That is, the color shift may result in a perceived color in image content displayed on a display panel perceivably differing from a corresponding target color, which, at last in some instances, may affect perceived quality of the image content and, thus, potentially the display panel displaying the image content, an electronic display including the display panel, and/or an electronic device including the display panel. 
     Accordingly, to facilitate improving perceived quality, the present disclosure provides techniques for implementing and/or operating an electronic device to reduce perceivability and/or likelihood of a color shift occurring in displayed image content, for example, due to optical cross-talk between neighboring (e.g., differently colored) color component sub-pixels. In particular, the present disclosure provides techniques for implementing and/or operating the electronic device to adaptively process image data to facilitate compensating for (e.g., offsetting) color shift expected to result from optical cross-talk. Additionally, the present disclosure provides techniques for implementing (e.g., designing and/or manufacturing) a display panel of an electronic display included in and/or used by the electronic device to facilitate reducing optical cross-talk and, thus, resulting color shift. 
     In addition to a display panel and driver circuitry, in some embodiments, an electronic display may include a lens disposed over (e.g., overlaid on or overlapping) its display panel. In particular, in some such embodiments, the lens may be a convex-concave (e.g., meniscus) lens that focuses light emitted from the display panel, for example, to facilitate presenting virtual (e.g., virtual reality and/or augmented reality) image content. In other such embodiments, the lens may be a biconvex lens, a biconcave lens, a plano-convex lens, or a plano-concave lens. However, regardless of whether a lens is implemented in front of the display panel, optical cross-talk and, thus, perceivable color shift may occur under different viewing characteristics. In other words, the techniques described in the present disclosure may be applied to facilitate reducing optical cross-talk and, thus, resulting color shift in electronic displays that includes a lens as well as electronic displays that do not include a lens. 
     As described above, optical cross-talk may result due to light emitted from a light-emissive element, such as an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), of a color component sub-pixel that passes through a neighboring (e.g., inappropriately colored) color filter cell actually being perceived by a user&#39;s (e.g., human&#39;s) eye. Moreover, as described above, light emitted from a light-emissive element of a color component sub-pixel may pass through the color filter cell of a neighboring color component sub-pixel due to emitted light rays radiating (e.g., spreading) outwardly. In other words, since spread of light rays emitted from a light source generally increases as distance traveled by the light rays increases, the amount of light emitted from a light-emissive element of a color component sub-pixel that passes through the color filter cell of a neighboring color component sub-pixel may be dependent on the distance the light travels before exiting the color filter layer. 
     As such, to facilitate reducing color shift resulting from optical cross-talk, in some embodiments, panel implementation parameters may be adjusted to facilitate reducing the distance light rays emitted from a light-emissive element of a color component sub-pixel on a display panel travel before exiting a color filter layer of the display panel, for example, via a design and/or manufacturing process. In particular, in some such embodiments, the panel implementation parameters may be adjusted to reduce thickness (e.g., height) of an encapsulation layer formed between the light-emissive element and the color filter layer. For example, a design process may adjust current (e.g., baseline) panel implementation parameters such that thickness of the encapsulation layer is reduced from a first (e.g., baseline) thickness (e.g., two micrometers) to a second (e.g., adjusted or reduced) thickness (e.g., one micrometer). 
     Additionally or alternatively, panel implementation parameters may be adjusted to change the size of one or more color filter cells implemented in a color filter layer of a display panel, for example, via a design and/or manufacturing process. In particular, to facilitate reducing the distance light rays emitted from a light-emissive element of a color component sub-pixel travel before exiting the color filter layer, in some embodiments, the panel implementation parameters may be adjusted to reduce thickness (e.g., height) of one or more color filter cells implemented in the color filter layer. For example, a design process may adjust current (e.g., baseline) panel implementation parameters such that thickness of a color filter cell is reduced from a first (e.g., baseline) thickness (e.g., two micrometers) to a second (e.g., adjusted or reduced) thickness (e.g., one micrometer). In fact, in some embodiments, the panel implementation parameters may be adjusted such that thickness of the color filter cell in the color filter layer as well as thickness of the encapsulation layer are both reduced. In this manner, the panel implementation parameters used to implement a display panel may be adjusted to facilitate reducing the distance light rays emitted from a light-emissive element of a color component sub-pixel travel before exiting a color filter layer, which, at least in some instances, may facilitate reducing the amount of light that passes through a neighboring color filter cell and, thus, optical cross-talk and resulting color shift. 
     Moreover, to facilitate reducing color shift resulting from optical cross-talk, in some embodiments, panel implementation parameters may additionally or alternatively be adjusted to change the footprint (e.g., width, length, and/or pitch) of one or more color filter cells implemented in a color filter layer of a display panel, for example, via a design and/or manufacturing process. In particular, in some embodiments, the panel implementation parameters may be adjusted such that footprint of each color filter cell implemented in the color filter layer is uniformly changed. For example, a design process may adjust the panel implementation parameters such that pitch (e.g., width or length) of each color filter cell is increased from a baseline pitch by the same amount (e.g., one nanometer). 
     In some embodiments, an adjusted footprint color filter layer may nevertheless be centered on a display panel. In other words, in such embodiments, an increase in footprint of a color filter cell may result in another (e.g., neighboring) color filter cell being shifted outwardly. In fact, in some embodiments, the footprint increase and/or the positional shift resulting from the footprint increase may result in a color filter cell of a color component sub-pixel at least partially overlapping a light-emissive element (e.g., OLED) of a neighboring color component sub-pixel. For example, when footprint of each color filter cell is uniformly increased, the amount of overlap between a light-emissive element of a color component sub-pixel and a color filter cell of a neighboring color component sub-pixel may generally be lower towards the center of the display panel and increase moving away from the center of the display panel. 
     In other words, adjusting color filter cell footprint may change the portion of light emitted from a light-emissive element of a color component sub-pixel that passes through a color filter cell of a neighboring color component sub-pixel. However, at least in some instances, adjusting color filter cell footprint too much may actually increase perceivable color shift. For example, adjusting the panel implementation parameters to double the baseline footprint of a color filter cell in a color component sub-pixel may result in the color filter cell completely overlapping an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) of a neighboring (e.g., different colored) color component sub-pixel. 
     Accordingly, to facilitate improving perceived image quality, in some embodiments, a uniform adjustment to color filter cell footprint may be optimized for a focus region in the field of view (FOV) of a user&#39;s (e.g., human&#39;s) eye resulting from various sets of viewing characteristics, for example, to facilitate reducing the amount of light passing through a neighboring (e.g., inappropriately colored) color filter cell that is perceived in the focus region. However, at least in some instances, a uniform adjustment to color filter cell footprint may result in a color shift spike (e.g., non-monotonic change) in a periphery region of the field of view of a user&#39;s eye when the display panel is viewed with a non-zero viewing angle, for example, due to the non-zero viewing angle resulting in light emitted from a light-emissive element of a central color component sub-pixel that passes through a color filter cell of neighboring color component sub-pixel being perceived in the periphery region. Although some amount of color shift in a periphery region of the field of view may be acceptable, a color shift spike may generally be more perceivable than a monotonically changing color shift. 
     To facilitate further improving perceived image quality, in other embodiments, panel implementation parameters may be adjusted such that color filter cell footprints are non-uniformly adjusted, for example, via a design and/or manufacturing process. In other words, in some such embodiments, the footprint of different color filter cells may be adjusted from a baseline footprint by different amounts. In particular, to facilitate reducing color shift spikes resulting in a periphery region of a field of view when a display panel is viewed with a non-zero viewing angle, in some embodiments, footprint of color filter cells may gradually increase moving from the center of the display panel toward an edge (e.g., side) of the display panel. For example, a design process may adjust current (e.g., baseline) panel implementation parameters such that the color filter cell footprint of a central color component sub-pixel is maintained at the baseline footprint and color filter cell footprint of a first non-central color component is increased from the baseline footprint by a first amount. Additionally, the design process may adjust current panel implementation parameters such that the color filter cell footprint of a second non-central color component sub-pixel, which is farther from the central color component sub-pixel than the first non-central color component sub-pixel, is increased from the baseline footprint by a second amount greater than the first amount. 
     In other words, varying color filter cell footprint in this manner may facilitate reducing the amount of overlap between light-emissive elements (e.g., OLEDs) of central color component sub-pixels with neighboring (e.g., inappropriately colored) color filter cells while increasing the amount of overlap between light-emissive elements of outer (e.g., non-central) color component sub-pixels with neighboring color filter cells. As such, when a display panel is viewed with a non-zero viewing angle that results in a central color component sub-pixel being perceived in a periphery region of a resulting field of view, the reduced amount of overlap may facilitate reducing the amount of light emitted from a light-emissive element (e.g., OLEDs) of the central color component sub-pixel that passes through a neighboring color filter cell and is perceived in the periphery region of the field of view. However, as described above, at least in some instances, adjusting color filter cell footprint too much may actually increase color shift. 
     Accordingly, to facilitate improving perceived image quality, in some embodiments, a non-uniform adjustment to color filter cell footprint may be optimized for field of view (FOV) of a user&#39;s (e.g., human&#39;s) eye resulting from various sets of viewing characteristics, for example, to balance reduction in the amount of light passing through neighboring color filter cell that is perceived in a focus region of a field of view with reduction in the amount of light passing through the neighboring color filter cell (e.g., color shift spike) that is perceived in a periphery region of the field of view. In fact, in some embodiments, panel implementation parameters may be adjusted to change footprint of one or more color filter cells in a color filter layer while also reducing the distance light rays emitted from a light-emissive element of a color component sub-pixel travel before exiting the color filter layer, for example, via a design and/or manufacturing process. Merely as an illustrative example, current (e.g., baseline) panel implementation parameters may be adjusted to reduce thickness (e.g., height) of each color filter cell and/or an encapsulation layer from a baseline thickness while uniformly increasing footprint of each color filter cell from a baseline color filter cell footprint, which, at least in some instances, may facilitate reducing perceivability and/or likelihood of a color shift spike resulting in a periphery region of a field of view. Although implementing a display panel of an electronic display in this manner may facilitate reducing color shift, at least in some instances, some amount of color shift may nevertheless be perceivable in image content displayed on the display panel. 
     To facilitate further improving perceived image quality, in some embodiments, an electronic device may include image processing circuitry implemented and/or operated to process image data before processed (e.g., display) image data is supplied to an electronic display to display corresponding image content. For example, the image processing circuitry may include a burn-in compensation (BIC) block (e.g., circuitry group), which is implemented and/or operated to process image data to facilitate accounting for light emission variations resulting from display pixel aging (e.g., burn-in), and/or a white point compensation (WPC) block (e.g., circuitry group), which is implemented and/or operated to process image data to facilitate accounting for color variations (e.g., shifts) resulting from environmental conditions, such as temperature (e.g., in addition to backlight brightness level). Moreover, to facilitate reducing color shift resulting from optical cross-talk, the image processing circuitry may include an optical cross-talk compensation (OXTC) block (e.g., circuitry group), which is implemented and/or operated to process image data based at least in part on optical cross-talk compensation parameters. 
     To facilitate compensating for (e.g., offsetting) color shift resulting from optical cross-talk, in some embodiments, the optical cross-talk compensation (OXTC) parameters may include one or more optical cross-talk compensation factor maps, which each explicitly associates (e.g., maps) one or more pixel positions on a display panel to one or more optical cross-talk compensation factors (e.g., offset values and/or gain values) to be applied to image data corresponding with a display pixel at the pixel position. In fact, in some embodiments, an optical cross-talk compensation factor map may explicitly associate a pixel position with a set of multiple optical cross-talk compensation factors. For example, the optical cross-talk compensation factors associated with a pixel position may be indicated as a three-by-three matrix, which includes a red optical cross-talk compensation factor, a red-to-green optical cross-talk compensation factor, a red-to-blue optical cross-talk compensation factor, a green-to-red optical cross-talk compensation factor, a green optical cross-talk compensation factor, a green-to-blue optical cross-talk compensation factor, a blue-to-red optical cross-talk compensation factor, a blue-to-green optical cross-talk compensation factor, and a blue optical cross-talk compensation factor. Thus, when input image data associated with the pixel position is received, the optical cross-talk compensation block may apply each of the multiple optical cross-talk compensation factors to the input image data, for example, by multiplying the three-by-three matrix with a three-by-one matrix (e.g., vector) including red component input image data, green component input image data, and blue component input image data. 
     Moreover, in some embodiments, an optical cross-talk compensation factor map to be used by image processing circuitry of an electronic device may be stored in the electronic device, for example, in memory. In other words, in such embodiments, size of the optical cross-talk compensation factor map may affect the amount of storage capacity available in the electronic device. As such, to facilitate conserving (e.g., optimizing) storage capacity of the electronic device, in some embodiments, an optical cross-talk compensation factor map may explicitly associate each of a subset of pixel positions on a display panel with one or more corresponding optical cross-talk compensation factors. In other words, in such embodiments, one or more pixel positions on the display panel and, thus, corresponding optical cross-talk compensation factors may not be explicitly identified in the optical cross-talk compensation factor map. 
     When a pixel position is not explicitly identified in an optical cross-talk compensation factor map, the optical cross-talk compensation block may determine an optical cross-talk compensation factor to be applied to image data corresponding with the pixel position by interpolating optical cross-talk compensation factors associated with other pixel positions explicitly identified in the optical cross-talk compensation factor map, for example, using linear interpolation, bi-linear interpolation, spline interpolation, and/or the like. As described above, in some embodiments, a pixel position may be associated with a set of multiple optical cross-talk compensation factors. In such embodiments, when a pixel position is not explicitly identified in an optical cross-talk compensation factor map, the optical cross-talk compensation block may determine a set of optical cross-talk compensation factor to be applied to image data corresponding with the pixel position by interpolating sets of optical cross-talk compensation factors associated with other pixel positions explicitly identified in the optical cross-talk compensation factor map. For example, the optical cross-talk compensation block may determine a red optical cross-talk compensation factor to be applied to image data corresponding with the pixel position by interpolating red optical cross-talk compensation factors associated with other pixel positions explicitly identified in the optical cross-talk compensation factor map, a red-to-green optical cross-talk compensation factor to be applied to image data corresponding with the pixel position by interpolating red-to-green optical cross-talk compensation factor associated with the other pixel positions explicitly identified in the optical cross-talk compensation factor map, and so on. 
     However, at least in some instances, interpolation may result in some amount of error. In fact, interpolation error generally increases as interpolation distance increases. Moreover, at least in some instances, susceptibility to perceivable color shift may vary across a display panel. For example, an outer (e.g., side) portion of the display panel may be more susceptible to perceivable color shift than a central portion of the display panel due to panel implementation parameters being optimized for a viewing angle of zero (e.g., pupil oriented along normal axis of display panel). To facilitate accounting for variation in color shift susceptibility and interpolation error, in some embodiments, the pixel positions on a display panel explicitly identified in an optical cross-talk compensation factor map may be non-uniformly spaced (e.g., distributed). For example, the optical cross-talk compensation factor map may utilize a finer granularity for the outer portion of the display panel by explicitly identifying more pixel positions per area in the outer portion and utilize a coarser granularity for the central portion of the display panel by explicitly identifying fewer pixel positions per area in the central portion. 
     In some embodiments, a single (e.g., static) optical cross-talk compensation factor map may be calibrated to a display panel to account for multiple different sets of viewing characteristics, for example, which each includes a viewing (e.g., pupil or gaze) angle, a viewing location (e.g., pupil offset from center and/or pupil relief), and a viewing aperture (e.g., pupil or eye box) size. However, as described above, a resulting field of view and, thus, perceivability of color shift resulting from optical cross-talk generally varies when a display panel is viewed using different sets of viewing characteristics. As such, to facilitate improving efficacy of optical cross-talk compensation, in other embodiments, the optical cross-talk compensation block may include and/or have access to multiple candidate optical cross-talk compensation factor maps, which are each calibrated for a different set of viewing characteristics. In other words, in such embodiments, the optical cross-talk compensation block may select a different candidate optical cross-talk compensation factor map as a target candidate optical cross-talk compensation factor map under different sets of viewing characteristics and, thus, adaptively adjust processing of input image data. 
     To facilitate adaptively adjusting processing performed on image data, in some embodiments, an optical cross-talk compensation block may receive one or more viewing characteristic parameters indicative of a set of viewing characteristics with which a display panel to be used to display corresponding image content is expected to be viewed, for example, from an eye (e.g., pupil) tracking sensor (e.g., camera). In particular, in some embodiments, the viewing characteristic parameters may indicate a horizontal (e.g., x-direction) offset of pupil position from a default (e.g., forward-facing) pupil position and a vertical (e.g., y-direction) offset of pupil position from the default pupil position and, thus, may be indicative of expected viewing angle. Additionally, in some embodiments, the viewing characteristic parameters may indicate a pupil relief (e.g., distance from pupil to display panel) and, thus, may be indicative of expected viewing location. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the viewing characteristic parameters may indicate a pupil size and, thus, may be indicative of expected viewing aperture size. 
     In addition to an optical cross-talk compensation block, as described above, image processing circuitry implemented in an electronic device may include one or more other compensation blocks, such as a white point compensation (WPC) block and/or a burn-in compensation (BIC) block. In some embodiments, the various compensation blocks (e.g., circuitry groups) may be implemented in a hardware pipeline and, thus, serially process image data. Additionally, before processing by image processing circuitry of an electronic device, in some embodiments, image data may be stored in the electronic device, for example, in memory. Furthermore, as described above, the field of view (FOV) of a human&#39;s (e.g., user&#39;s) eye generally includes a focus region that is more sensitive to visible light and one or more periphery regions outside the focus region that are less sensitive to visible light. 
     Leveraging the reduced sensitivity outside the focus region, in some embodiments, image data may be stored in a foveated (e.g., compressed or grouped) domain that utilizes a pixel resolution different from (e.g., lower than) a panel (e.g., native or non-foveated) domain of a display panel to be used to display corresponding image content, for example, to facilitate conserving (e.g., optimizing) storage capacity of the electronic device. In particular, in the foveated domain, an image frame may be divided in multiple foveation regions (e.g., tiles) in which different pixel resolutions are utilized. For example, a central (e.g., first) foveation region may be identified in an image frame such that it is co-located with a focus (e.g., foveal) region of the field of view with which the image frame is expected to be viewed (e.g., visually perceived). Since the sensitivity to visible light in the focus region is higher, in some embodiments, the central foveation region may utilize a pixel resolution that matches the (e.g., full) pixel resolution of the display panel. In other words, in such embodiments, each image pixel (e.g., image data corresponding with point in image) in the central foveation region of the image frame may correspond with single display pixel (e.g., set of one or more color component sub-pixels) implemented on the display panel. 
     In addition to a central foveation region, in the foveated domain, one or more outer foveation regions that utilize lower pixel resolutions than the central foveation region may be identified in an image frame. In other words, in some embodiments, an outer foveation region in an image frame may be identified such that it is co-located with one or more periphery regions of the field of view with which the image frame is expected to be viewed (e.g., visually perceived). In fact, leveraging the gradual reduction in sensitivity to visible light outside the focus region, in some embodiments, multiple outer foveation regions may be identified in an image frame such that utilized pixel resolution gradually decreases moving away from the central foveation region identified in the image frame. 
     For example, a first one or more outer foveation regions directly adjacent the central foveation region may each utilize a pixel resolution that is half the pixel resolution of central foveation region and, thus, the display panel. In other words, in the foveated domain, each image pixel (e.g., image data corresponding with point in image) in the first one or more outer foveation regions may correspond with two display pixels (e.g., sets of one or more color component sub-pixels) implemented on the display panel. Additionally, a second one or more outer foveation regions outside of the first one or more outer foveation regions may each utilize a pixel resolution that is half the pixel resolution of the first one or more outer foveation regions and, thus, a quarter of the pixel resolution of the central foveation region and the display panel. In other words, in the foveated domain, each image pixel in the second one or more outer foveation regions may correspond with four display pixels (e.g., sets of one or more color component sub-pixels) implemented on the display panel. 
     To facilitate improving processing efficiency, in some embodiments, image data may be processed by image processing circuitry at least in part in the foveated domain. For example, a white point compensation (WPC) block (e.g., circuitry group) implemented in the image processing circuitry may process image data in the foveated domain to facilitate accounting for color variations (e.g., shifts) resulting from environmental conditions, such as temperature (e.g., in addition to backlight brightness level). However, the image processing circuitry may also include one or more other compensation blocks, such as a burn-in compensation (BIC) block and/or an optical cross-talk compensation (OXTC) block, that process image data to facilitate accounting for variations between different display pixels (e.g., color component sub-pixels) on a display panel and, thus, may be implemented and/or operated to process image data in a panel (e.g., native) domain of the display panel. In other words, in some embodiments, a first (e.g., upstream) portion of the image processing circuitry may be implemented and/or operated to process image data in the foveated domain while a second (e.g., downstream or different) portion of the image processing circuitry is implemented and/or operated to process image data in the panel domain. 
     As such, in some embodiments, image processing circuitry in an electronic device may include a domain conversion block (e.g., circuitry group) that is implemented and/or operated to convert between a foveated domain and a panel domain of a display panel used by the electronic device. In other words, the domain conversion block may convert image data between a pixel resolution used in a corresponding foveation region and the (e.g., full) pixel resolution of the display panel. For example, when the pixel resolution used in a central foveation region matches the display panel pixel resolution, image data (e.g., image pixels) corresponding with the central foveation region may pass through the domain conversion block unchanged. 
     On the other hand, when the pixel resolution of an outer foveation region is lower than the display panel resolution, the domain conversion block may convert image data (e.g., image pixels) corresponding with the outer foveation region from the foveated domain to the panel domain at least in part by outputting multiple instances of the image data. For example, the domain conversion block may convert image data corresponding with a first one or more outer foveation regions, which utilize a pixel resolution half the display panel resolution, to the panel domain by outputting two instances of the image data such that a first instance is associated with a first display pixel and a second instance is associated with a second display pixel. Similarly, the domain conversion block may convert image data corresponding with a second one or more outer foveation regions, which utilize a pixel resolution a quarter of the display panel resolution, to the panel domain by outputting four instances of the image data, for example, to a downstream optical cross-talk compensation (OXTC) block for further processing. In this manner, as will be described in more detail below, the techniques described in present disclosure may facilitate reducing perceivability and/likelihood of color shift occurring in image content displayed on a display panel, which, at least in some instances, may facilitate improving perceived quality of the displayed image content and, thus, potentially the display panel, an electronic display including the display panel, and/or an electronic device that utilizes the display panel. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Various aspects of the present disclosure may be better understood upon reading the following detailed description and upon reference to the drawings in which: 
         FIG.  1    is a block diagram of an electronic device including one or more electronic displays, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  2    is an example of the electronic device of  FIG.  1   , in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  3    is another example of the electronic device of  FIG.  1   , in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  4    is another example of the electronic device of  FIG.  1   , in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  5    is another example of the electronic device of  FIG.  1   , in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  6    is another example of the electronic device of  FIG.  1   , in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  7    is side (e.g., profile) view of an example portion of the electronic device of  FIG.  1    including a display panel, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  8 A  is a diagrammatic representation of a perceived portion of light emitted from a display pixel on the display panel of  FIG.  7    that results from a first set of viewing characteristics, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  8 B  is a diagrammatic representation of a perceived portion of light emitted from the display pixel on the display panel resulting from a second (e.g., different) set of viewing characteristics, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  9    is a top view of an example of a display panel used by the electronic device of  FIG.  1   , in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  10    is a cross-sectional view of an example baseline display panel, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  11    is a plot illustrating color shift resulting from the baseline display panel of  FIG.  10    when viewed from various viewing angles, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  12    is a flow diagram of an example process for designing (e.g., tuning and/or calibrating) panel implementation parameters, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  13    is a block diagram of an example of a design system that facilitates designing one or more panel implementation parameters of a display panel, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  14    is a cross-sectional view of an example display panel implemented with reduced color filter cell thickness compared to the baseline display panel of  FIG.  10   , in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  15    is a cross-sectional view of an example display panel implemented with reduced encapsulation layer thickness compared to the baseline display panel of  FIG.  10   , in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  16    is a cross-sectional view of an example display panel implemented with reduced color filter cell thickness compared to the baseline display panel of  FIG.  10    and reduced encapsulation layer thickness compared to the baseline display panel of  FIG.  10   , in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  17    is a plot illustrating color shift resulting from the reduced thickness display panel of  FIG.  16    when viewed from various viewing angles, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  18    is a cross-sectional view of an example display panel implemented with color filter cell footprints uniformly increased compared to the baseline display panel of  FIG.  10   , in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  19    is a plot illustrating color shift resulting from the uniform color filter cell footprint display panel of  FIG.  18    when viewed from various viewing angles, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  20    is a cross-sectional view of an example display panel implemented with color filter cell footprints non-uniformly increased compared to the baseline display panel of  FIG.  10   , in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  21    is a plot illustrating color shift resulting from the non-uniform color filter cell footprint display panel of  FIG.  20    when viewed from various viewing angles, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  22    is a cross-sectional view of an example display panel implemented with reduced color filter cell thickness compared to the baseline display panel of  FIG.  10   , reduced encapsulation layer thickness compared to the baseline display panel of  FIG.  10   , and color filter cell footprints uniformly increased compared to the baseline display panel of  FIG.  10   , in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  23    is a plot illustrating color shift resulting from the reduced thickness uniform color filter cell footprint display panel of  FIG.  22    when viewed from various viewing angles, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  24    is a block diagram of an example portion of the electronic device of  FIG.  1    including an electronic display and image processing circuitry, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  25    is a diagrammatic representation of example image frame divided into multiple foveation regions, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  26    is a diagrammatic representation of an example optical cross talk compensation factor map used by the image processing circuitry of  FIG.  24   , in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  27    is a flow diagram of an example process for implementing the image processing circuitry of  FIG.  24   , in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  28    is a block diagram of an example optical cross-talk compensation (OXTC) block that may be implemented in the image processing circuitry of  FIG.  24   , in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; and 
         FIG.  29    is a block diagram of an example process for operating the optical cross-talk compensation (OXTC) block of  FIG.  28   , in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     One or more specific embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below. These described embodiments are only examples of the presently disclosed techniques. Additionally, in an effort to provide a concise description of these embodiments, all features of an actual implementation may not be described in the specification. It should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developers&#39; specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which may vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it should be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time consuming, but may nevertheless be a routine undertaking of design, fabrication, and manufacture for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure. 
     When introducing elements of various embodiments of the present disclosure, the articles “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to mean that there are one or more of the elements. The terms “comprising,” “including,” and “having” are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements other than the listed elements. Additionally, it should be understood that references to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” of the present disclosure are not intended to be interpreted as excluding the existence of additional embodiments that also incorporate the recited features. 
     The present disclosure generally relates to electronic displays, which may be implemented and/or operated to present visual representations of information by displaying one or more images (e.g., image frames and/or pictures) on its display panel. Accordingly, electronic devices, such as computers, mobile phones, portable media devices, tablets, televisions, virtual-reality headsets, and vehicle dashboards, among many others, often include and/or utilize one or more electronic displays. In any case, an electronic display may generally display image content by actively controlling light emission from display pixels, which each includes one or more color component sub-pixels, implemented on its display panel based on corresponding image data, which is indicative of target characteristics (e.g., color and/or magnitude) of light emission therefrom. 
     For example, a display pixel in an electronic display may include one or more red sub-pixels that control magnitude of red light emission from the display pixel, one or more blue sub-pixels that control magnitude of blue light emission from the display pixel, one or more green sub-pixels that control magnitude of green light emission from the display pixel, one or more white sub-pixels that control magnitude of white light emission from the display pixel, or any combination thereof. Additionally, an image pixel (e.g., image data corresponding with point in image content) corresponding with the display pixel may include red component image data (e.g., red grayscale level) indicative of target red light emission from the display pixel, blue component image data (e.g., blue grayscale level) indicative of target blue light emission from the display pixel, green component image data (e.g., green grayscale level) indicative of target green light emission from the display pixel, white component image data (e.g., white grayscale level) indicative of target white light emission from the display pixel, or any combination thereof. In other words, to display image content at the display pixel, the electronic display may actively control magnitude of light emission from the one or more red sub-pixels of the display pixel based on the red component image data, the magnitude of light emission from the one or more green sub-pixels of the display pixel based on the green component image data, and so on. 
     Generally, magnitude of light emission from a display pixel (e.g., color component sub-pixel) varies with the amount of electrical energy stored therein. For example, in some instances, a display pixel may include a light-emissive element, such as an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), that varies its light emission with current flow therethrough, a current control switching device (e.g., transistor) coupled between the light-emissive element and a pixel power (e.g., V DD ) supply rail, and a storage capacitor coupled to a control (e.g., gate) terminal of the current control switching device at an internal node of the display pixel. As such, varying the amount of electrical energy stored in the storage capacitor may vary voltage applied to the control input of the current control switching device and, thus, magnitude of electrical current supplied from the pixel power supply rail to the light-emissive element. In other words, at least in such instances, light emission from a display pixel may be controlled at least in part by controlling magnitude of electrical power (e.g., voltage and/or current) supplied to its internal node. 
     However, it should be appreciated that the organic light-emitting diode (OLED) electronic display examples described in the present disclosure are merely intended to be illustrative and not limiting. In particular, it should be appreciated that the techniques described in the present disclosure may be applied to and/or implemented for other types of electronic displays. For example, the techniques may be adapted to a liquid crystal display (LCD) that uses a pixel electrode and a common electrode as a storage capacitor and a light-emitting diode (LED) backlight as a light-emissive element. 
     To facilitate controlling supply of electrical power and, thus, resulting light emission, an electronic display may include driver circuitry electrically coupled its display pixels. For example, the driver circuitry may include a scan (e.g., gate) driver electrically coupled to each of the display pixels via a corresponding scan line and a data (e.g., source) driver electrically coupled to each of the display pixels via a corresponding scan line. To write a display pixel (e.g., color component sub-pixel), the scan driver may output an activation (e.g., logic high) control signal to a scan line coupled to the display pixel, thereby causing the display pixel to electrically connect its storage capacitor to a data line coupled to the display pixel, and the data driver may output an analog electrical (e.g., voltage and/or current) signal to the data line based at least in part on corresponding image data. 
     As described above, image data (e.g., image pixel in image content) corresponding with a display pixel on a display panel may be indicative of target characteristics (e.g., color and/or magnitude) of light emission therefrom, for example, by indicating one or more target achromatic brightness (e.g., grayscale) levels (e.g., values) that are mapped to a light emission magnitude range associated with a panel brightness setting used to display corresponding image content on the display panel. Additionally, as described above, a display pixel may include one or more color component sub-pixels, which are each implemented and/or operated to control light emission of a specific color. For example, a display pixel may include a red sub-pixel that controls magnitude of red light emission from the display pixel, a green sub-pixel that controls magnitude of green light emission from the display pixel, a blue sub-pixel that controls magnitude of blue light emission from the display pixel, a white sub-pixel that controls magnitude of white light emission from the display pixel, or any combination thereof. 
     To facilitate producing light of a target color, at least in some instances, each color component sub-pixel implemented on a display panel may include a color filter cell of an appropriate target color that is disposed between a light-emissive element (e.g., OLED) and an outward-facing viewing surface of the display panel. For example, a red sub-pixel may include a red color filter cell disposed over a red organic light-emitting diode, a green sub-pixel may include a green color filter cell disposed over a green organic light-emitting diode, a blue sub-pixel may include a blue color filter cell disposed over a blue organic light-emitting diode, a white sub-pixel may include a white color filter cell disposed over a white organic light-emitting diode, or any combination thereof. Additionally, at least in some instances, an encapsulation layer, such as thin film encapsulation (TFE) layer, may be formed over the light-emissive elements, for example, to separate one or more light-emissive elements (e.g., OLEDs) from the color filter layer. Thus, at least in such instances, a light ray emitted from a light-emissive element of a color component sub-pixel may pass through the encapsulation layer and the color filter layer before exiting the outward-facing viewing surface of the display panel. 
     Generally, light emitted from a light source, such as an organic light-emitting diode of a color component sub-pixel, radiates outwardly from the light source, for example, in a conical shape. As such, magnitude of light emission is generally strongest along a normal axis of the light source and weakens the farther the emission angle deviates from the normal axis. Accordingly, color filter cells are often implemented such that their footprints (e.g., width, length, and/or pitch) are centered on the normal axes of corresponding light-emissive elements, for example, to facilitate maximizing perceived brightness resulting from actual light emission of the light-emissive elements when the display panel is viewed by a user&#39;s (e.g., human&#39;s) eye with a viewing angle of zero (e.g., pupil oriented perpendicular to display panel and/or along normal axis of display panel). 
     A human&#39;s eye generally perceives visible light due to interaction of cones (e.g., photoreceptor cells) in its retina with corresponding light rays. However, a human&#39;s eye generally has a limited field of view (FOV), which is centered on its viewing (e.g., gaze or pupil) angle. Due to its limited field of view, at least in some instances, a human&#39;s eye may perceive a first portion of light emitted from a display pixel, but not a second portion of the light emitted from the display pixel, for example, due to light rays in the second portion of the emitted light not actually reaching the eye&#39;s retina and, thus, being outside its field of view. In other words, luminance perceived by a human&#39;s eye may generally be dependent on its field of view. 
     However, the field of view of a human&#39;s eye may generally vary with its viewing characteristics, such as viewing (e.g., gaze or pupil) angle, viewing location (e.g., pupil offset from center and/or pupil relief), and/or viewing aperture (e.g., pupil or eye box) size. For example, orientation (e.g., direction) of the field of view of a human&#39;s eye may be dependent on its gaze (e.g., viewing or pupil) angle and, thus, a change in its gaze angle (e.g., due to eye rotation) may change orientation of its field of view. Additionally or alternatively, size (e.g., span) of the field of view of a human&#39;s eye may be dependent on its pupil (e.g., viewing aperture or eye box) size and, thus, a change in its pupil size may change the size of its field of view. 
     Moreover, the sensitivity of a human&#39;s eye to visible light generally varies across its field of view. In particular, a central portion (e.g., fovea) of an eye&#39;s retina is generally more sensitive to visible light compared to a peripheral (e.g., outer) portion of the eye&#39;s retina, for example, due to the central portion of the retina including more and/or denser cones while the peripheral portion includes fewer and/or less dense cones. To facilitate accounting for the variation in sensitivity to visible light, at least in some instances, the field of view of a human&#39;s eye may be divided into a focus (e.g., foveal or high resolution) region, which is centered on its viewing angle, corresponding with the central portion of the eye&#39;s retina and one or more periphery (e.g., non-foveal or low resolution) regions, which are outside the focus region, corresponding with the peripheral portion of the eye&#39;s retina. 
     In other words, at least in some instances, the portion of light emitted from a display pixel (e.g., color component sub-pixel) that is actually perceived by a user&#39;s (e.g., human&#39;s) eye may vary with its field of view and, thus, its viewing characteristics (e.g., angle, location, and/or aperture size) that resulted in the field of view. For example, a color component sub-pixel may appear brighter when viewed from a viewing angle of zero (e.g., pupil oriented along normal axis) and darker when viewed from a non-zero viewing angle (e.g., pupil orientation different from normal axis). In fact, due to spatial offset between color component sub-pixels implemented on a display panel, a user&#39;s eye may concurrently view multiple color component sub-pixels with different viewing angles. In other words, at least in some instances, a first color component sub-pixel may appear brighter and a second color component sub-pixel may appear darker when the display panel is viewed with a first viewing angle whereas the first color component sub-pixel may appear darker and the second color component sub-pixel may appear brighter when the display panel is viewed with a second (e.g., different) viewing angle. Since a user&#39;s eye generally perceives different colors by averaging perceived light emission from multiple color component sub-pixels, at least in some instances, variations in perceived luminance of color component sub-pixels resulting from different sets of viewing characteristics may produce a perceivable color shift in image content displayed on the display panel. 
     Furthermore, as described above, a display panel may include an encapsulation layer implemented between a light-emissive element, such as an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) of a color component sub-pixel, and a color filter layer and, thus, light rays emitted from the light-emissive element pass through the encapsulation layer and the color filter layer before exiting an outward-facing viewing surface of the display panel. Additionally, as described above, light emitted from a light source, such as a light-emissive element (e.g., OLED) of a color component sub-pixel, generally radiates outwardly from the light source, for example, in a conical shape. In fact, due to radiation (e.g., spread) of light rays emitted from a light-emissive element of a color component sub-pixel and the distance the light rays travel before exiting the color filter layer, at least in some instances, a portion of the light rays emitted from the light-emissive element of the color component sub-pixel may actually pass through a color filter cell of a neighboring (e.g., different colored) color component sub-pixel, thereby producing optical cross-talk. For example, a portion of light emitted from an organic light-emitting diode of a red sub-pixel may pass through a red color filter cell of the red sub-pixel while another portion of the light emitted from the organic light-emitting diode passes through a green color filter cell of a neighboring green sub-pixel. 
     When color filter cell footprints are centered over corresponding light-emissive elements, viewing a display panel with a viewing angle of zero generally results in the light that is emitted from the light-emissive elements and actually perceived by a user&#39;s (e.g., human&#39;s) eye passing through appropriately colored color filter cells. However, as viewing angle moves away from zero, a user&#39;s eye may end up perceiving more of the light that passes through a neighboring (e.g., inappropriately colored) color filter cell, thereby increasing perceivability of color shift resulting from optical cross-talk. In other words, different sets of viewing characteristics may affect the resulting field of view and, thus, color of light emitted from a display panel that is actually perceived by a user&#39;s eye, which, at least in some instances, may result in a perceivable color shift in image content displayed on the display panel. That is, the color shift may result in a perceived color in image content displayed on a display panel perceivably differing from a corresponding target color, which, at last in some instances, may affect perceived quality of the image content and, thus, potentially the display panel displaying the image content, an electronic display including the display panel, and/or an electronic device including the display panel. 
     Accordingly, to facilitate improving perceived quality, the present disclosure provides techniques for implementing and/or operating an electronic device to reduce perceivability and/or likelihood of a color shift occurring in displayed image content, for example, due to optical cross-talk between neighboring (e.g., differently colored) color component sub-pixels. In particular, the present disclosure provides techniques for implementing and/or operating the electronic device to adaptively process image data to facilitate compensating for (e.g., offsetting) color shift expected to result from optical cross-talk. Additionally, the present disclosure provides techniques for implementing (e.g., designing and/or manufacturing) a display panel of an electronic display included in and/or used by the electronic device to facilitate reducing optical cross-talk and, thus, resulting color shift. 
     In addition to a display panel and driver circuitry, in some embodiments, an electronic display may include a lens disposed over (e.g., overlaid on or overlapping) its display panel. In particular, in some such embodiments, the lens may be a convex-concave (e.g., meniscus) lens that focuses light emitted from the display panel, for example, to facilitate presenting virtual (e.g., virtual reality and/or augmented reality) image content. In other such embodiments, the lens may be a biconvex lens, a biconcave lens, a plano-convex lens, or a plano-concave lens. However, regardless of whether a lens is implemented in front of the display panel, optical cross-talk and, thus, perceivable color shift may occur under different viewing characteristics. In other words, the techniques described in the present disclosure may be applied to facilitate reducing optical cross-talk and, thus, resulting color shift in electronic displays that includes a lens as well as electronic displays that do not include a lens. 
     As described above, optical cross-talk may result due to light emitted from a light-emissive element, such as an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), of a color component sub-pixel that passes through a neighboring (e.g., inappropriately colored) color filter cell actually being perceived by a user&#39;s (e.g., human&#39;s) eye. Moreover, as described above, light emitted from a light-emissive element of a color component sub-pixel may pass through the color filter cell of a neighboring color component sub-pixel due to emitted light rays radiating (e.g., spreading) outwardly. In other words, since spread of light rays emitted from a light source generally increases as distance traveled by the light rays increases, the amount of light emitted from a light-emissive element of a color component sub-pixel that passes through the color filter cell of a neighboring color component sub-pixel may be dependent on the distance the light travels before exiting the color filter layer. 
     As such, to facilitate reducing color shift resulting from optical cross-talk, in some embodiments, panel implementation parameters may be adjusted to facilitate reducing the distance light rays emitted from a light-emissive element of a color component sub-pixel on a display panel travel before exiting a color filter layer of the display panel, for example, via a design and/or manufacturing process. In particular, in some such embodiments, the panel implementation parameters may be adjusted to reduce thickness (e.g., height) of an encapsulation layer formed between the light-emissive element and the color filter layer. For example, a design process may adjust current (e.g., baseline) panel implementation parameters such that thickness of the encapsulation layer is reduced from a first (e.g., baseline) thickness (e.g., two micrometers) to a second (e.g., adjusted or reduced) thickness (e.g., one micrometer). 
     Additionally or alternatively, panel implementation parameters may be adjusted to change the size of one or more color filter cells implemented in a color filter layer of a display panel, for example, via a design and/or manufacturing process. In particular, to facilitate reducing the distance light rays emitted from a light-emissive element of a color component sub-pixel travel before exiting the color filter layer, in some embodiments, the panel implementation parameters may be adjusted to reduce thickness (e.g., height) of one or more color filter cells implemented in the color filter layer. For example, a design process may adjust current (e.g., baseline) panel implementation parameters such that thickness of a color filter cell is reduced from a first (e.g., baseline) thickness (e.g., two micrometers) to a second (e.g., adjusted or reduced) thickness (e.g., one micrometer). In fact, in some embodiments, the panel implementation parameters may be adjusted such that thickness of the color filter cell in the color filter layer as well as thickness of the encapsulation layer are both reduced. In this manner, the panel implementation parameters used to implement a display panel may be adjusted to facilitate reducing the distance light rays emitted from a light-emissive element of a color component sub-pixel travel before exiting a color filter layer, which, at least in some instances, may facilitate reducing the amount of light that passes through a neighboring color filter cell and, thus, optical cross-talk and resulting color shift. 
     Moreover, to facilitate reducing color shift resulting from optical cross-talk, in some embodiments, panel implementation parameters may additionally or alternatively be adjusted to change the footprint (e.g., width, length, and/or pitch) of one or more color filter cells implemented in a color filter layer of a display panel, for example, via a design and/or manufacturing process. In particular, in some embodiments, the panel implementation parameters may be adjusted such that footprint of each color filter cell implemented in the color filter layer is uniformly changed. For example, a design process may adjust the panel implementation parameters such that pitch (e.g., width or length) of each color filter cell is increased from a baseline pitch by the same amount (e.g., one nanometer). 
     In some embodiments, an adjusted footprint color filter layer may nevertheless be centered on a display panel. In other words, in such embodiments, an increase in footprint of a color filter cell may result in another (e.g., neighboring) color filter cell being shifted outwardly. In fact, in some embodiments, the footprint increase and/or the positional shift resulting from the footprint increase may result in a color filter cell of a color component sub-pixel at least partially overlapping a light-emissive element (e.g., OLED) of a neighboring color component sub-pixel. For example, when footprint of each color filter cell is uniformly increased, the amount of overlap between a light-emissive element of a color component sub-pixel and a color filter cell of a neighboring color component sub-pixel may generally be lower towards the center of the display panel and increase moving away from the center of the display panel. 
     In other words, adjusting color filter cell footprint may change the portion of light emitted from a light-emissive element of a color component sub-pixel that passes through a color filter cell of a neighboring color component sub-pixel. However, at least in some instances, adjusting color filter cell footprint too much may actually increase perceivable color shift. For example, adjusting the panel implementation parameters to double the baseline footprint of a color filter cell in a color component sub-pixel may result in the color filter cell completely overlapping an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) of a neighboring (e.g., different colored) color component sub-pixel. 
     Accordingly, to facilitate improving perceived image quality, in some embodiments, a uniform adjustment to color filter cell footprint may be optimized for a focus region in the field of view (FOV) of a user&#39;s (e.g., human&#39;s) eye resulting from various sets of viewing characteristics, for example, to facilitate reducing the amount of light passing through a neighboring (e.g., inappropriately colored) color filter cell that is perceived in the focus region. However, at least in some instances, a uniform adjustment to color filter cell footprint may result in a color shift spike (e.g., non-monotonic change) in a periphery region of the field of view of a user&#39;s eye when the display panel is viewed with a non-zero viewing angle, for example, due to the non-zero viewing angle resulting in light emitted from a light-emissive element of a central color component sub-pixel that passes through a color filter cell of neighboring color component sub-pixel being perceived in the periphery region. Although some amount of color shift in a periphery region of the field of view may be acceptable, a color shift spike may generally be more perceivable than a monotonically changing color shift. 
     To facilitate further improving perceived image quality, in other embodiments, panel implementation parameters may be adjusted such that color filter cell footprints are non-uniformly adjusted, for example, via a design and/or manufacturing process. In other words, in some such embodiments, the footprint of different color filter cells may be adjusted from a baseline footprint by different amounts. In particular, to facilitate reducing color shift spikes resulting in a periphery region of a field of view when a display panel is viewed with a non-zero viewing angle, in some embodiments, footprint of color filter cells may gradually increase moving from the center of the display panel toward an edge (e.g., side) of the display panel. For example, a design process may adjust current (e.g., baseline) panel implementation parameters such that the color filter cell footprint of a central color component sub-pixel is maintained at the baseline footprint and color filter cell footprint of a first non-central color component is increased from the baseline footprint by a first amount. Additionally, the design process may adjust current panel implementation parameters such that the color filter cell footprint of a second non-central color component sub-pixel, which is farther from the central color component sub-pixel than the first non-central color component sub-pixel, is increased from the baseline footprint by a second amount greater than the first amount. 
     In other words, varying color filter cell footprint in this manner may facilitate reducing the amount of overlap between light-emissive elements (e.g., OLEDs) of central color component sub-pixels with neighboring (e.g., inappropriately colored) color filter cells while increasing the amount of overlap between light-emissive elements of outer (e.g., non-central) color component sub-pixels with neighboring color filter cells. As such, when a display panel is viewed with a non-zero viewing angle that results in a central color component sub-pixel being perceived in a periphery region of a resulting field of view, the reduced amount of overlap may facilitate reducing the amount of light emitted from a light-emissive element (e.g., OLEDs) of the central color component sub-pixel that passes through a neighboring color filter cell and is perceived in the periphery region of the field of view. However, as described above, at least in some instances, adjusting color filter cell footprint too much may actually increase color shift. 
     Accordingly, to facilitate improving perceived image quality, in some embodiments, a non-uniform adjustment to color filter cell footprint may be optimized for field of view (FOV) of a user&#39;s (e.g., human&#39;s) eye resulting from various sets of viewing characteristics, for example, to balance reduction in the amount of light passing through neighboring color filter cell that is perceived in a focus region of a field of view with reduction in the amount of light passing through the neighboring color filter cell (e.g., color shift spike) that is perceived in a periphery region of the field of view. In fact, in some embodiments, panel implementation parameters may be adjusted to change footprint of one or more color filter cells in a color filter layer while also reducing the distance light rays emitted from a light-emissive element of a color component sub-pixel travel before exiting the color filter layer, for example, via a design and/or manufacturing process. Merely as an illustrative example, current (e.g., baseline) panel implementation parameters may be adjusted to reduce thickness (e.g., height) of each color filter cell and/or an encapsulation layer from a baseline thickness while uniformly increasing footprint of each color filter cell from a baseline color filter cell footprint, which, at least in some instances, may facilitate reducing perceivability and/or likelihood of a color shift spike resulting in a periphery region of a field of view. Although implementing a display panel of an electronic display in this manner may facilitate reducing color shift, at least in some instances, some amount of color shift may nevertheless be perceivable in image content displayed on the display panel. 
     To facilitate further improving perceived image quality, in some embodiments, an electronic device may include image processing circuitry implemented and/or operated to process image data before processed (e.g., display) image data is supplied to an electronic display to display corresponding image content. For example, the image processing circuitry may include a burn-in compensation (BIC) block (e.g., circuitry group), which is implemented and/or operated to process image data to facilitate accounting for light emission variations resulting from display pixel aging (e.g., burn-in), and/or a white point compensation (WPC) block (e.g., circuitry group), which is implemented and/or operated to process image data to facilitate accounting for color variations (e.g., shifts) resulting from environmental conditions, such as temperature (e.g., in addition to backlight brightness level). Moreover, to facilitate reducing color shift resulting from optical cross-talk, the image processing circuitry may include an optical cross-talk compensation (OXTC) block (e.g., circuitry group), which is implemented and/or operated to process image data based at least in part on optical cross-talk compensation parameters. 
     To facilitate compensating for (e.g., offsetting) color shift resulting from optical cross-talk, in some embodiments, the optical cross-talk compensation (OXTC) parameters may include one or more optical cross-talk compensation factor maps, which each explicitly associates (e.g., maps) one or more pixel positions on a display panel to one or more optical cross-talk compensation factors (e.g., offset values and/or gain values) to be applied to image data corresponding with a display pixel at the pixel position. In fact, in some embodiments, an optical cross-talk compensation factor map may explicitly associate a pixel position with a set of multiple optical cross-talk compensation factors. For example, the optical cross-talk compensation factors associated with a pixel position may be indicated as a three-by-three matrix, which includes a red optical cross-talk compensation factor, a red-to-green optical cross-talk compensation factor, a red-to-blue optical cross-talk compensation factor, a green-to-red optical cross-talk compensation factor, a green optical cross-talk compensation factor, a green-to-blue optical cross-talk compensation factor, a blue-to-red optical cross-talk compensation factor, a blue-to-green optical cross-talk compensation factor, and a blue optical cross-talk compensation factor. Thus, when input image data associated with the pixel position is received, the optical cross-talk compensation block may apply each of the multiple optical cross-talk compensation factors to the input image data, for example, by multiplying the three-by-three matrix with a three-by-one matrix (e.g., vector) including red component input image data, green component input image data, and blue component input image data. 
     Moreover, in some embodiments, an optical cross-talk compensation factor map to be used by image processing circuitry of an electronic device may be stored in the electronic device, for example, in memory. In other words, in such embodiments, size of the optical cross-talk compensation factor map may affect the amount of storage capacity available in the electronic device. As such, to facilitate conserving (e.g., optimizing) storage capacity of the electronic device, in some embodiments, an optical cross-talk compensation factor map may explicitly associate each of a subset of pixel positions on a display panel with one or more corresponding optical cross-talk compensation factors. In other words, in such embodiments, one or more pixel positions on the display panel and, thus, corresponding optical cross-talk compensation factors may not be explicitly identified in the optical cross-talk compensation factor map. 
     When a pixel position is not explicitly identified in an optical cross-talk compensation factor map, the optical cross-talk compensation block may determine an optical cross-talk compensation factor to be applied to image data corresponding with the pixel position by interpolating optical cross-talk compensation factors associated with other pixel positions explicitly identified in the optical cross-talk compensation factor map, for example, using linear interpolation, bi-linear interpolation, spline interpolation, and/or the like. As described above, in some embodiments, a pixel position may be associated with a set of multiple optical cross-talk compensation factors. In such embodiments, when a pixel position is not explicitly identified in an optical cross-talk compensation factor map, the optical cross-talk compensation block may determine a set of optical cross-talk compensation factor to be applied to image data corresponding with the pixel position by interpolating sets of optical cross-talk compensation factors associated with other pixel positions explicitly identified in the optical cross-talk compensation factor map. For example, the optical cross-talk compensation block may determine a red optical cross-talk compensation factor to be applied to image data corresponding with the pixel position by interpolating red optical cross-talk compensation factors associated with other pixel positions explicitly identified in the optical cross-talk compensation factor map, a red-to-green optical cross-talk compensation factor to be applied to image data corresponding with the pixel position by interpolating red-to-green optical cross-talk compensation factor associated with the other pixel positions explicitly identified in the optical cross-talk compensation factor map, and so on. 
     However, at least in some instances, interpolation may result in some amount of error. In fact, interpolation error generally increases as interpolation distance increases. Moreover, at least in some instances, susceptibility to perceivable color shift may vary across a display panel. For example, an outer (e.g., side) portion of the display panel may be more susceptible to perceivable color shift than a central portion of the display panel due to panel implementation parameters being optimized for a viewing angle of zero (e.g., pupil oriented along normal axis of display panel). To facilitate accounting for variation in color shift susceptibility and interpolation error, in some embodiments, the pixel positions on a display panel explicitly identified in an optical cross-talk compensation factor map may be non-uniformly spaced (e.g., distributed). For example, the optical cross-talk compensation factor map may utilize a finer granularity for the outer portion of the display panel by explicitly identifying more pixel positions per area in the outer portion and utilize a coarser granularity for the central portion of the display panel by explicitly identifying fewer pixel positions per area in the central portion. 
     In some embodiments, a single (e.g., static) optical cross-talk compensation factor map may be calibrated to a display panel to account for multiple different sets of viewing characteristics, for example, which each includes a viewing (e.g., pupil or gaze) angle, a viewing location (e.g., pupil offset from center and/or pupil relief), and a viewing aperture (e.g., pupil or eye box) size. However, as described above, a resulting field of view and, thus, perceivability of color shift resulting from optical cross-talk generally varies when a display panel is viewed using different sets of viewing characteristics. As such, to facilitate improving efficacy of optical cross-talk compensation, in other embodiments, the optical cross-talk compensation block may include and/or have access to multiple candidate optical cross-talk compensation factor maps, which are each calibrated for a different set of viewing characteristics. In other words, in such embodiments, the optical cross-talk compensation block may select a different candidate optical cross-talk compensation factor map as a target candidate optical cross-talk compensation factor map under different sets of viewing characteristics and, thus, adaptively adjust processing of input image data. 
     To facilitate adaptively adjusting processing performed on image data, in some embodiments, an optical cross-talk compensation block may receive one or more viewing characteristic parameters indicative of a set of viewing characteristics with which a display panel to be used to display corresponding image content is expected to be viewed, for example, from an eye (e.g., pupil) tracking sensor (e.g., camera). In particular, in some embodiments, the viewing characteristic parameters may indicate a horizontal (e.g., x-direction) offset of pupil position from a default (e.g., forward-facing) pupil position and a vertical (e.g., y-direction) offset of pupil position from the default pupil position and, thus, may be indicative of expected viewing angle. Additionally, in some embodiments, the viewing characteristic parameters may indicate a pupil relief (e.g., distance from pupil to display panel) and, thus, may be indicative of expected viewing location. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the viewing characteristic parameters may indicate a pupil size and, thus, may be indicative of expected viewing aperture size. 
     In addition to an optical cross-talk compensation block, as described above, image processing circuitry implemented in an electronic device may include one or more other compensation blocks, such as a white point compensation (WPC) block and/or a burn-in compensation (BIC) block. In some embodiments, the various compensation blocks (e.g., circuitry groups) may be implemented in a hardware pipeline and, thus, serially process image data. Additionally, before processing by image processing circuitry of an electronic device, in some embodiments, image data may be stored in the electronic device, for example, in memory. Furthermore, as described above, the field of view (FOV) of a human&#39;s (e.g., user&#39;s) eye generally includes a focus region that is more sensitive to visible light and one or more periphery regions outside the focus region that are less sensitive to visible light. 
     Leveraging the reduced sensitivity outside the focus region, in some embodiments, image data may be stored in a foveated (e.g., compressed or grouped) domain that utilizes a pixel resolution different from (e.g., lower than) a panel (e.g., native or non-foveated) domain of a display panel to be used to display corresponding image content, for example, to facilitate conserving (e.g., optimizing) storage capacity of the electronic device. In particular, in the foveated domain, an image frame may be divided in multiple foveation regions (e.g., tiles) in which different pixel resolutions are utilized. For example, a central (e.g., first) foveation region may be identified in an image frame such that it is co-located with a focus (e.g., foveal) region of the field of view with which the image frame is expected to be viewed (e.g., visually perceived). Since the sensitivity to visible light in the focus region is higher, in some embodiments, the central foveation region may utilize a pixel resolution that matches the (e.g., full) pixel resolution of the display panel. In other words, in such embodiments, each image pixel (e.g., image data corresponding with point in image) in the central foveation region of the image frame may correspond with single display pixel (e.g., set of one or more color component sub-pixels) implemented on the display panel. 
     In addition to a central foveation region, in the foveated domain, one or more outer foveation regions that utilize lower pixel resolutions than the central foveation region may be identified in an image frame. In other words, in some embodiments, an outer foveation region in an image frame may be identified such that it is co-located with one or more periphery regions of the field of view with which the image frame is expected to be viewed (e.g., visually perceived). In fact, leveraging the gradual reduction in sensitivity to visible light outside the focus region, in some embodiments, multiple outer foveation regions may be identified in an image frame such that utilized pixel resolution gradually decreases moving away from the central foveation region identified in the image frame. 
     For example, a first one or more outer foveation regions directly adjacent the central foveation region may each utilize a pixel resolution that is half the pixel resolution of central foveation region and, thus, the display panel. In other words, in the foveated domain, each image pixel (e.g., image data corresponding with point in image) in the first one or more outer foveation regions may correspond with two display pixels (e.g., sets of one or more color component sub-pixels) implemented on the display panel. Additionally, a second one or more outer foveation regions outside of the first one or more outer foveation regions may each utilize a pixel resolution that is half the pixel resolution of the first one or more outer foveation regions and, thus, a quarter of the pixel resolution of the central foveation region and the display panel. In other words, in the foveated domain, each image pixel in the second one or more outer foveation regions may correspond with four display pixels (e.g., sets of one or more color component sub-pixels) implemented on the display panel. 
     To facilitate improving processing efficiency, in some embodiments, image data may be processed by image processing circuitry at least in part in the foveated domain. For example, a white point compensation (WPC) block (e.g., circuitry group) implemented in the image processing circuitry may process image data in the foveated domain to facilitate accounting for color variations (e.g., shifts) resulting from environmental conditions, such as temperature (e.g., in addition to backlight brightness level). However, the image processing circuitry may also include one or more other compensation blocks, such as a burn-in compensation (BIC) block and/or an optical cross-talk compensation (OXTC) block, that process image data to facilitate accounting for variations between different display pixels (e.g., color component sub-pixels) on a display panel and, thus, may be implemented and/or operated to process image data in a panel (e.g., native) domain of the display panel. In other words, in some embodiments, a first (e.g., upstream) portion of the image processing circuitry may be implemented and/or operated to process image data in the foveated domain while a second (e.g., downstream or different) portion of the image processing circuitry is implemented and/or operated to process image data in the panel domain. 
     As such, in some embodiments, image processing circuitry in an electronic device may include a domain conversion block (e.g., circuitry group) that is implemented and/or operated to convert between a foveated domain and a panel domain of a display panel used by the electronic device. In other words, the domain conversion block may convert image data between a pixel resolution used in a corresponding foveation region and the (e.g., full) pixel resolution of the display panel. For example, when the pixel resolution used in a central foveation region matches the display panel pixel resolution, image data (e.g., image pixels) corresponding with the central foveation region may pass through the domain conversion block unchanged. 
     On the other hand, when the pixel resolution of an outer foveation region is lower than the display panel resolution, the domain conversion block may convert image data (e.g., image pixels) corresponding with the outer foveation region from the foveated domain to the panel domain at least in part by outputting multiple instances of the image data. For example, the domain conversion block may convert image data corresponding with a first one or more outer foveation regions, which utilize a pixel resolution half the display panel resolution, to the panel domain by outputting two instances of the image data such that a first instance is associated with a first display pixel and a second instance is associated with a second display pixel. Similarly, the domain conversion block may convert image data corresponding with a second one or more outer foveation regions, which utilize a pixel resolution a quarter of the display panel resolution, to the panel domain by outputting four instances of the image data, for example, to a downstream optical cross-talk compensation (OXTC) block for further processing. In this manner, as will be described in more detail below, the techniques described in present disclosure may facilitate reducing perceivability and/likelihood of color shift occurring in image content displayed on a display panel, which, at least in some instances, may facilitate improving perceived quality of the displayed image content and, thus, potentially the display panel, an electronic display including the display panel, and/or an electronic device that utilizes the display panel. 
     To help illustrate, an example of an electronic device  10 , which includes and/or utilizes one or more electronic displays  12 , is shown in  FIG.  1   . As will be described in more detail below, the electronic device  10  may be any suitable electronic device, such as a computer, a mobile (e.g., portable) phone, a portable media device, a tablet device, a television, a handheld game platform, a personal data organizer, a virtual-reality headset, a mixed-reality headset, a vehicle dashboard, and/or the like. Thus, it should be noted that  FIG.  1    is merely one example of a particular implementation and is intended to illustrate the types of components that may be present in an electronic device  10 . 
     In addition to the electronic display  12 , as depicted, the electronic device  10  includes one or more input devices  14 , one or more input/output (I/O) ports  16 , a processor core complex  18  having one or more processors or processor cores, main memory  20 , one or more storage devices  22 , a network interface  24 , a power supply  26 , and image processing circuitry  27 . The various components described in  FIG.  1    may include hardware elements (e.g., circuitry), software elements (e.g., a tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions), or a combination of both hardware and software elements. It should be noted that the various depicted components may be combined into fewer components or separated into additional components. For example, the main memory  20  and a storage device  22  may be included in a single component. Additionally or alternatively, the image processing circuitry  27  may be included in the processor core complex  18  or the electronic display  12 . 
     As depicted, the processor core complex  18  is operably coupled with main memory  20  and a storage device  22 . As such, in some embodiments, the processor core complex  18  may execute instructions stored in main memory  20  and/or the storage device  22  to perform operations, such as generating image data in a foveated (e.g., grouped or compressed) domain. Additionally or alternatively, the processor core complex  18  may operate based on circuit connections formed therein. As such, in some embodiments, the processor core complex  18  may include one or more general purpose microprocessors, one or more application specific processors (ASICs), one or more field programmable logic arrays (FPGAs), or any combination thereof. 
     In addition to instructions, in some embodiments, the main memory  20  and/or the storage device  22  may store data, such as image data. Thus, in some embodiments, the main memory  20  and/or the storage device  22  may include one or more tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable media that store instructions executable by processing circuitry, such as the processor core complex  18  and/or the image processing circuitry  27 , and/or data to be processed by the processing circuitry. For example, the main memory  20  may include random access memory (RAM) and the storage device  22  may include read only memory (ROM), rewritable non-volatile memory, such as flash memory, hard drives, optical discs, and/or the like. 
     As depicted, the processor core complex  18  is also operably coupled with the network interface  24 . In some embodiments, the network interface  24  may enable the electronic device  10  to communicate with a communication network and/or another electronic device  10 . For example, the network interface  24  may connect the electronic device  10  to a personal area network (PAN), such as a Bluetooth network, a local area network (LAN), such as an 802.11x Wi-Fi network, and/or a wide area network (WAN), such as a 4G or LTE cellular network. In other words, in some embodiments, the network interface  24  may enable the electronic device  10  to transmit data (e.g., image data) to a communication network and/or receive data from the communication network. 
     Additionally, as depicted, the processor core complex  18  is operably coupled to the power supply  26 . In some embodiments, the power supply  26  may provide electrical power to operate the processor core complex  18  and/or other components in the electronic device  10 , for example, via one or more power supply rails. Thus, the power supply  26  may include any suitable source of electrical power, such as a rechargeable lithium polymer (Li-poly) battery and/or an alternating current (AC) power converter. 
     Furthermore, as depicted, the processor core complex  18  is operably coupled with one or more I/O ports  16 . In some embodiments, an I/O port  16  may enable the electronic device  10  to interface with another electronic device  10 . For example, a portable storage device may be connected to an I/O port  16 , thereby enabling the electronic device  10  to communicate data, such as image data, with the portable storage device. 
     As depicted, the processor core complex  18  is also operably coupled with one or more input devices  14 . In some embodiments, an input device  14  may enable a user to interact with the electronic device  10 . For example, the input devices  14  may include one or more buttons, one or more keyboards, one or more mice, one or more trackpads, and/or the like. Additionally or alternatively, the input devices  14  may include touch sensing components implemented in the electronic display  12 . In such embodiments, the touch sensing components may receive user inputs by detecting occurrence and/or position of an object contacting the display surface of the electronic display  12 . 
     In addition to enabling user inputs, the electronic display  12  may facilitate providing visual representations of information by displaying one or more images (e.g., image frames or pictures). For example, the electronic display  12  may display a graphical user interface (GUI) of an operating system, an application interface, text, a still image, or video content. To facilitate displaying images, the electronic display  12  may include one or more display pixels. Additionally, in some embodiments, each display pixel may include one or more color component sub-pixels, which each controls light emission of a specific color (e.g., red, blue, green, or white). 
     As described above, an electronic display  12  may display an image by controlling light emission from its display pixels based at least in part on image data associated with corresponding image pixels (e.g., points) in the image. In some embodiments, image data may be generated by an image source, such as the processor core complex  18 , a graphics processing unit (GPU), and/or an image sensor. Additionally or alternatively, image data may be received from another electronic device  10 , for example, via the network interface  24  and/or an I/O port  16 . In any case, as described above, the electronic device  10  may be any suitable electronic device. 
     To help illustrate, an example of a suitable electronic device  10 , specifically a handheld device  10 A, is shown in  FIG.  2   . In some embodiments, the handheld device  10 A may be a portable phone, a media player, a personal data organizer, a handheld game platform, and/or the like. Merely for illustrative purposes, the handheld device  10 A may be a smart phone, such as any iPhone® model available from Apple Inc. 
     As depicted, the handheld device  10 A includes an enclosure  28  (e.g., housing). In some embodiments, the enclosure  28  may protect interior components from physical damage and/or shield them from electromagnetic interference. Additionally, as depicted, the enclosure  28  surrounds the electronic display  12 . In the depicted embodiment, the electronic display  12  is displaying a graphical user interface (GUI)  30  having an array of icons  32 . By way of example, when an icon  32  is selected either by an input device  14  or a touch sensing component of the electronic display  12 , an application program may launch. 
     Furthermore, as depicted, input devices  14  open through the enclosure  28 . As described above, the input devices  14  may enable a user to interact with the handheld device  10 A. For example, the input devices  14  may enable the user to activate or deactivate the handheld device  10 A, navigate a user interface to a home screen, navigate a user interface to a user-configurable application screen, activate a voice-recognition feature, provide volume control, and/or toggle between vibrate and ring modes. As depicted, the I/O ports  16  also open through the enclosure  28 . In some embodiments, the I/O ports  16  may include, for example, an audio jack to connect to external devices. 
     To help further illustrate, another example of a suitable electronic device  10 , specifically a tablet device  10 B, is shown in  FIG.  3   . Merely for illustrative purposes, the tablet device  10 B may be any iPad® model available from Apple Inc. A further example of a suitable electronic device  10 , specifically a computer  10 C, is shown in  FIG.  4   . Merely for illustrative purposes, the computer  10 C may be any Macbook® or iMac® model available from Apple Inc. Another example of a suitable electronic device  10 , specifically a watch  10 D, is shown in  FIG.  5   . Merely for illustrative purposes, the watch  10 D may be any Apple Watch® model available from Apple Inc. As depicted, the tablet device  10 B, the computer  10 C, and the watch  10 D each also includes an electronic display  12 , one or more input devices  14 , one or more I/O ports  16 , and an enclosure  28 . In other embodiments, an electronic device  10  may include and/or utilize multiple electronic displays  12 . 
     To help illustrate, another example of a suitable electronic device  10 , specifically a (e.g., virtual-reality and/or mixed-reality) headset  10 E, is shown in  FIG.  6   . As depicted, the headset  10 E includes a first electronic display  12 A and a second electronic display  12 B housed in an enclosure  28 . When worn by a user (e.g., human)  34 , the first electronic display  12 A may be used to display image content to a first (e.g., right) eye of the user  34  and the second electronic display  12 B may be used to display image content to a second (e.g., left) eye of the user  34 . 
     However, it should be appreciated that the depicted example is merely intended to illustrative and not limiting. For example, in other embodiments, a headset  10 E may include a single electronic display  12  implemented and/or operated to present image content to multiple (e.g., both) eyes of a user  34 . In any case, as described above, an electronic display  12  may generally display image content by actively controlling light emission from display pixels (e.g., color component sub-pixels) implemented on its display panel. In some embodiments, an electronic display  12  may additionally include one or more lens disposed in front (e.g., over) its display panel, for example, to bend light emitted from display pixels on the display panel in a manner that facilitates presenting virtual (e.g., virtual reality and/or augmented reality) image content to a user  34 . 
     To help illustrate, an example of a portion  36  of an electronic display  12 , which includes a display panel  38  and a lens  40 , relative to an eye  42  of a user  34  is shown in  FIG.  7   . As in the depicted example, the lens  40  may be a convex-concave (e.g., meniscus) lens. However, it should be appreciated that the depicted example is merely intended to be illustrate and not limiting. For example, in other embodiments, the lens  40  may be a biconvex lens, a biconcave lens, a plano-convex lens, or a plano-concave lens. 
     As depicted, the electronic display  12  includes multiple side (e.g., off-axis) portions  48 —namely a first side portion  48 A and a second side portion  48 B—and a central (e.g., middle and/or on-axis) portion  48 C. Additionally, as in the depicted example, the lens  40  may be curved in a z-direction  50  relative to an axis in a y-direction  52  and, thus, the first side portion  48 A may include a right portion of the display panel  38  and the second side portion  48 B may include a left portion of the display panel  38 . Additionally or alternatively, the lens  40  may be curved in the z-direction  50  relative to an axis in an x-direction  54  and, thus, the first side portion  48 A may include a top portion of the display panel  38  and the second side portion  48 B may include a bottom portion of the display panel  38 . 
     As described above, to facilitate displaying image content, a display panel  38  may include multiple display pixels  56 , which each include one or more color component sub-pixels. For example, as depicted, a first side (e.g., off-axis) display pixel  56 A is implemented on the display panel  38  in the first side portion  48 A of the electronic display  12 , a second side display pixel  56 B is implemented on the display panel  38  in the second side portion  48 B of the electronic display  12 , and a central (e.g., middle and/or on-axis) display pixel  56 C is implemented on the display panel  38  in the central portion  48 C of the electronic display  12 . Furthermore, as depicted, each of the display pixels  56  emits light  58  centered on its normal axis  60 . In particular, the first side display pixel  56 A emits light  58 A centered on a first normal axis  60 A, the second side display pixel  56 B emits light  58 B centered on a second normal axis  60 B, and the central display pixel  56 C emits light  58 C centered on a third normal axis  60 C. 
     Moreover, as depicted, the lens  40  is disposed between a viewing surface  57  of the display panel  38  and the user&#39;s eye  42 . In other words, in some embodiments, the lens  40  may be implemented in front of and/or over the viewing surface  57  of the display panel  38 . Additionally, the lens  40  may be implemented (e.g., formed) using one or more light-transmissive materials, such as glass and/or plastic. Thus, as in the depicted example, light  58  emitted from display pixels  56  implemented on the display panel  38  may pass through the lens  40 . 
     In fact, as in the depicted example, curvature of the lens  40  may bend the light  58  passing therethrough, for example, to facilitate presenting virtual (e.g., virtual reality and/or augmented reality) image content to a user  34 . In particular, due to the higher degree of curvature overlapping the first side display pixel  56 A and the second side display pixel  56 B, the lens  40  may bend the first normal axis  60 A of light  58 A emitted from the first side display pixel  56 A and the second normal axis  60 B of light  58 B emitted from the second side display pixel  56 B toward the eye  42  of the user  34 . On the other hand, due to the lower degree of curvature overlapping the central display pixel  56 C, the lens  40  may produce less bending in light  58 C emitted from the central display pixel  56 C, for example, such that the third normal axis  60 C of the light  58 C emitted from the central display pixel  56 C remains relatively unchanged and, thus, oriented toward the eye  42  of the user  34 . 
     Generally, a human&#39;s eye  42  perceives visible light due to interaction of corresponding light rays with cones (e.g., photoreceptor cells) in its retina. However, as described above, a human&#39;s eye  42  generally has a limited field of view (FOV)  62 . In other words, at least in some instances, the limited field of view  62  may result in at least a portion of light  58  emitted from a display pixel  56  on a display panel  38  not actually reaching the cones of a human&#39;s eye  42  and, thus, not being perceived by the human&#39;s eye  42 . 
     For example, a first perceived portion  64 A of light  58 A emitted from the first side display pixel  56 A may be in the field of view  62  of the eye  42  and, thus, perceived by the eye  42  while a remaining portion of the light  58 A is not. Additionally, a second perceived portion  64 B of light  58 B emitted from the second side display pixel  56 B may be in the field of view  62  of the eye  42  and, thus, perceived by the eye  42  while a remaining portion of the light  58 B is not. Furthermore, a third perceived portion  68 C of light  58 C emitted from the central display pixel  56 C may be in the field of view  62  of the eye  42  and, thus, perceived by the eye  42  while a remaining portion of the light  58 C is not. 
     Merely for illustrative purposes, as depicted, the third perceived portion  64 C of the light  58 C emitted from the central display pixel  56 C is centered on the third normal axis  60 C while the first perceived portion  64 A of the light  58 A emitted from the first side display pixel  56 A is centered on a first (e.g., non-normal) axis  66 A, which deviates from the adjusted (e.g., bent) first normal axis  60 A, and the second perceived portion  64 B of the light  58 B emitted from the second side display pixel  56 B is centered on a second (e.g., non-normal) axis  66 B, which deviates from the adjusted (e.g., bent) second normal axis  60 B of the light  58 B. As described above, magnitude of light rays (e.g., light  58 ) emitted from a display pixel  56  is generally strongest along its normal axis  60  and weakens as emission angle moves away from the normal axis. In other words, when the first side display pixel  56 A, the second side display pixel  56 B, and the central display pixel  56 C each emit light  58  of the same magnitude (e.g., strength), perceived luminance resulting from the third perceived portion  64 C of the light  58 C emitted from the central display pixel  56 C may be brighter than the perceived luminance resulting from the first perceived portion  64 A of the light  58 A emitted from the first side display pixel  56 A and the perceived luminance resulting from the second perceived portion  64 B of the light  58 B emitted from the second side display pixel  56 B. 
     However, at least in some instances, the field of view  62  of a user&#39;s (e.g., human&#39;s) eye  42  and, thus, the perceived portion of light  58  emitted from a display pixel  56  may change with viewing characteristics, such as viewing (e.g., pupil or gave) angle, viewing location (e.g., pupil relief), and/or viewing aperture (e.g., pupil or eye box) size. For example, viewing location may change due to a change in pupil relief (e.g., distance from electronic display  12 ) resulting from a translation (e.g., shift) of the eye  42  in the z-direction  50 . Merely as an illustrative example, an increase in pupil relief may increase the first perceived portion  64 A of light  58 A emitted from the first side display pixel  56 A that is included in the field of view  62 , the second perceived portion  64 B of light  58 B emitted from the second side display pixel  56 B that is included in the field of view  62 , and/or the third perceived portion  64 C of light  58 C emitted from the central display pixel  56 C that is included in the field of view  62 . 
     Additionally or alternatively, viewing location may change due to a translation (e.g., shift) of the eye  42  in the x-direction  54  and/or the y-direction  52 . For example, translating the eye  42  in the x-direction  54  toward the first side display pixel  56 A and away from the second side display pixel  56 B may increase the first perceived portion  64 A of light  58 A emitted from the first side display pixel  56 A that is included in the field of view  62  while reducing the second perceived portion  64 B of light  58 B emitted from the second side display pixel  56 B that is included in the field of view  62 . Conversely, translating the eye  42  in the x-direction  54  toward the second side display pixel  56 B and away from the first side display pixel  56 A may increase the second perceived portion  64 B of the light  58 A emitted from the second side display pixel  56 B that is included in the field of view  62  while reducing the first perceived portion  64 A of the light  58 A emitted from the first side display pixel  56 A that is included in the field of view  62 . 
     Furthermore, viewing characteristics may additionally or alternatively change due to a change in viewing (e.g., pupil or gaze) angle resulting from rotation of the user&#39;s eye  42 . In particular, rotation of the user&#39;s eye  42  may result in its pupil  68  and, thus, resulting field of view  62  rotating. For example, rotating the pupil  68  from the default (e.g., forward-facing) pupil position shown in  FIG.  7    toward the first side display pixel  56 A may result in the field of view  62  rotating toward the first side display pixel  56 A, which, at least in some instances, may increase the first perceived portion  64 A of light  58 A emitted from the first side display pixel  56 A that is included in the field of view  62  while reducing the second perceived portion  64 B of light  58 B emitted from the second side display pixel  56 B that is included in the field of view  62 . Conversely, rotating the pupil  68  from the default pupil position shown in  FIG.  7    toward the second side display pixel  56 B may result in the field of view  62  rotating toward the second side display pixel  56 B, which, at least in some instances, may increase the second perceived portion  64 B of light  58 B emitted from the second side display pixel  56 B that is included in the field of view  62  while reducing the first perceived portion  64 A of light  58 A emitted from the first side display pixel  56 A that is included in the field of view  62 . 
     Moreover, viewing characteristics may additionally or alternatively change due to a change in viewing aperture (e.g., pupil or eye box) size resulting from contraction or dilation of the pupil  68  of a user&#39;s eye  42 . In particular, contraction of the eye&#39;s pupil  68  may reduce the amount of visible light that reaches cones in the user&#39;s eye  42  and, thus, size (e.g., span) of the eye&#39;s field of view. Conversely, dilation of the eye&#39;s pupil may increase the amount of visible light that reaches cones in the user&#39;s eye  42  and, thus, size of the eye&#39;s field of view. 
     To help further illustrate, examples of a perceived portion  64  of light  58  emitted from a display pixel  56  on a display panel  38  under different sets of viewing characteristics are shown in  FIGS.  8 A and  8 B . In particular,  FIG.  8 A  depicts the perceived portion  64 C of light  58 C emitted a central display pixel  56 C under a first set of viewing characteristics. On the other hand,  FIG.  8 B  depicts the perceived portion  64 C of light emitted from the central display pixel  56 C under a second (e.g., different) set of viewing characteristics. 
     As depicted, the perceived portion  64 C in  FIG.  8 A  is larger than the perceived portion  64 C in  FIG.  8 B . In other words, the first set of viewing characteristics result in more of the light  58 C emitted from the central display  56 C being perceived by a user&#39;s (e.g., human&#39;s) eye  42  and, thus, appearing brighter. On the other hand, the second set of viewing characteristics result in less of the light  58 C emitted from the central display  56 C being perceived by the user&#39;s eye  42  and, thus, appearing darker. 
     As described above, the perceived portion  64  of light  58  emitted from a display pixel  56  may vary under different viewing characteristics, such as different viewing (e.g., gaze or pupil) angles, different viewing locations (e.g., pupil offset and/or pupil relief), and/or different viewing aperture (e.g., pupil or eye box) size. For example, the perceived portion  64 C of  FIG.  8 A  may result due to the first set of viewing characteristics including a viewing angle of zero whereas the perceived portion  64 C of  FIG.  8 B  may result due to the second set of viewing characteristics including a non-zero viewing angle. Additionally or alternatively, the perceived portion  64 C of  FIG.  8 A  may result due to the first set of viewing characteristics including a larger viewing aperture size whereas the perceived portion  64 C of  FIG.  8 B  may result due to the second set of viewing characteristics including a smaller viewing aperture size. 
     Moreover, as described above, sensitivity to visible light generally varies across the retina of a human&#39;s eye  42 . For example, a central portion (e.g., fovea) of the retina may include more and/or denser cones (e.g., photoreceptor cells) and, thus, have a greater sensitivity to visible light. On the other hand, an outer portion of the retina may include fewer and/or less dense cones and, thus, have lower sensitivity to visible light. 
     To facilitate accounting for the variation in sensitivity to visible light, returning to  FIG.  7   , the field of view  62  of the user&#39;s eye  42  may be divided into a focus region  70  and one or more periphery regions  72 . In particular, the focus region  70  may correspond with the central portion of the eye&#39;s retina (e.g., fovea). On the other hand, the one or more periphery regions  72  may correspond with a peripheral (e.g., outer) portion of the eye&#39;s retina. 
     In other words, a change in viewing characteristics may change the perceived portion  64  of light  58  emitted from a display pixel  56  that is included in a field of view  62  of a user&#39;s eye  42  as well as whether the perceived portion  64  is in a focus region  70  of the field of view  62  or a periphery region  72  of the field of view  62 . That is, at least in some instances, light  58  emitted from display pixels  56  implemented on a display panel  38  may result in varying perceived luminances under different viewing characteristics, such as different viewing angles, different viewing locations, and/or different viewing aperture sizes. In fact, at least in some instances, variations in perceived luminance may result in a perceivable visual artifact, such as a color shift, occurring in image content displayed on the display panel  38 , for example, due to display pixel  56  on the display panel  38  including component sub-pixels that each control light emission of a specific color and a human&#39;s eye  42  generally averaging light emission from multiple color component sub-pixels to perceive different colors. 
     To help illustrate, an example of a portion of a display panel  38  including multiple display pixels  56  is shown in  FIG.  9   . As depicted, the display panel  38  includes a first side display pixel  56 A, a second side display pixel  56 B, a central display pixel  56 C, and an Nth display pixel  56 N, which directly neighbors the central display pixel  56 C. Additionally, as depicted, each display pixel  56  includes multiple color component sub-pixels—namely a red sub-pixel  74 , a green sub-pixel  76 , and a blue sub-pixel  78 . 
     In particular, as depicted, the first side display pixel  56 A includes a first side red sub-pixel  74 A, a first side green sub-pixel  76 A, and a first side blue sub-pixel  78 A while the second side display pixel  56 B includes a second side red sub-pixel  74 B, a second side green sub-pixel  76 B, and a second side blue sub-pixel  78 B. Additionally, as depicted, the central display pixel  56 C include a central red sub-pixel  74 C, a central green sub-pixel  76 C, and a central blue sub-pixel  78 C. Furthermore, as depicted, the Nth display pixel  56 N includes an Nth red sub-pixel  74 N, an Nth green sub-pixel  76 N, and an Nth blue sub-pixel  78 N. 
     However, it should be appreciated that the depicted example is merely intended to be illustrative and not limiting. For example, in other embodiments, a display panel  38  may include a first set (e.g., half) of display pixels  56 , which each include a red sub-pixel and a green sub-pixel, and a second set (e.g., half) of display pixels  56 , which each includes a blue sub-pixel and a green sub-pixel. In some embodiments, one or more display pixel  56  implemented on a display panel  38  may additionally or alternatively include a white sub-pixel. In any case, to facilitate emitting light of a target color, in some embodiments, a color component sub-pixel on a display panel  38  may include a color filter cell that matches the target color, for example, implemented between a light-emissive element (e.g., OLED) of the color component sub-pixel and a viewing surface  57  of the display panel  38 . 
     To help illustrate, an example of a portion of a baseline display panel  38 A, which is viewed along the cross-sectional line  80  of  FIG.  9   , is shown in  FIG.  10   . As depicted, the baseline display panel  38 A includes a color filter layer  82 —namely a baseline color filter layer  82 A implemented with a baseline color filter cell thickness—and a light-emissive element (e.g., OLED) layer  84 . In particular, the baseline color filter layer  82 A includes a central red color filter cell  86 C of a central red sub-pixel  74 C, a central green color filter cell  88 C of a central green sub-pixel  76 C, an Nth red color filter cell  86 N of an Nth red sub-pixel  74 N, and an Nth green color filter cell  88 N of an Nth green sub-pixel  76 N. Additionally, the light-emissive element layer  84  includes a central red organic light-emitting diode (OLED)  90 C of the central red sub-pixel  74 C, a central green organic light-emitting diode  92 C of the central green sub-pixel  76 C, an Nth red organic light-emitting diode  90 N of the Nth red sub-pixel  74 N, and an Nth green organic light-emitting diode  92 N of the Nth green sub-pixel  76 N. 
     Furthermore, as depicted, the baseline display panel  38 A includes an encapsulation layer  94 —namely a baseline encapsulation layer  94 A—implemented between the baseline color filter layer  82 A and the light-emissive element layer  84 . In some embodiments, the encapsulation layer  94  may be a thin film encapsulation (TFE) layer. Additionally, in some embodiments, the encapsulation layer  94  may be implemented using one or more light-transmissive materials deposited over the light-emissive element layer  84 . For example, the baseline encapsulation layer  94 A may be deposited over the light-emissive element layer  84  with a baseline encapsulation thickness (e.g., height). Thus, as in the depicted example, light rays  96  output (e.g., emitted) from the light-emissive element layer  84  may pass through the baseline encapsulation layer  84 A and the baseline color filter layer  82 A before exiting a viewing surface  57  of the baseline display panel  38 A. 
     Moreover, in the baseline display panel  38 A, the footprint of each color filter cell may be centered on a corresponding light-emissive element (e.g., OLED). In other words, in the baseline display panel  38 A, each color filter cell in the baseline color filter layer  82 A may have a default color filter cell footprint (e.g., length, width, and/or pitch) that is centered on a normal axis of a corresponding light-emissive element. For example, the footprint of the Nth red color filter cell  86 N may be centered on the normal axis of the Nth red organic light-emitting diode  90 N and, thus, a first light ray  96 A emitted along the normal axis may pass through the baseline encapsulation layer  94 A and the Nth red color filter cell  86 N before exiting the viewing surface  57  of the baseline display panel  38 A. 
     Additionally, as depicted, a second light ray  96 B and a third light ray  96 C, which are emitted from the Nth red organic light-emitting diode  90 N with emission angles that deviate from the normal axis of the Nth red organic light-emitting diode  90 N, may also pass through the baseline encapsulation layer  94 A and the Nth red color filter cell  86 N before exiting the viewing surface  57  of the baseline display panel  38 A. However, as depicted, a fourth light ray  96 D emitted from the Nth red organic light-emitting diode  90 N with an emission angle that deviates from the normal axis of the Nth red organic light-emitting diode  90 N by more than the emission angle of the second light ray  96 B may actually pass through the central green color filter cell  88 C before exiting the viewing surface  57  of the baseline display panel  38 A. Additionally, as depicted, a fifth light ray  96 E emitted from the Nth red organic light-emitting diode  90 N with an emission angle that deviates from the normal axis of the Nth red organic light-emitting diode  90 N by more than the emission angle of the third light ray  96 C may actually pass through the Nth green color filter cell  88 N before exiting the viewing surface  57  of the baseline display panel  38 A. 
     In other words, optical cross-talk may result in the baseline display panel  38 A due to light emitted from a light-emissive element (e.g., OLED) of a color component sub-pixel passing through a color filter cell of a neighboring (e.g., differently colored) color component sub-pixel. That is, although a portion of light emitted from a light-emissive element passes through a corresponding (e.g., appropriately colored) color filter cell, optical cross-talk may nevertheless result due to another portion of the light emitted from the light-emissive element passing through a neighboring (e.g., inappropriately colored) color filter cell before exiting the viewing surface  57  of the baseline display panel  38 A. When light passing through a neighboring color filter cell is within the field of view  62  of a user&#39;s eye  42 , the optical cross-talk may result in a perceivable color shift in image content displayed on the baseline display panel  38 A. 
     Moreover, as described above, the field of view  62  of a user&#39;s eye  42  generally varies with viewing characteristics, such as viewing angle and/or viewing location, used to view a display panel  38  and, thus, image content displayed on the display panel  38 . In particular, as described above, a change in the field of view  62  may change the perceived portion  64  of light  58  emitted from a display pixel  56 . For example, a first field of view  62  may result in the first light ray  96 A, which passes through the Nth red (e.g., appropriately colored) color filter cell  86 N, being perceived by the user&#39;s eye  42 . On the other hand, a second (e.g., different) field of view  62  may result in the fifth light ray  96 , which passes through the Nth green (e.g., inappropriately colored) color filter cell  88 N, being perceived by the user&#39;s eye  42  and, thus, potentially increase perceivable color shift resulting from optical cross-talk compared to the first field of view  62 . In other words, at least in some instances, perceivability of color shift resulting from optical cross-talk may vary with viewing characteristics used to view image content displayed on a display panel  38 . 
     To help illustrate, an example plot  97 A, which describes perceivability of color shift resulting across a (e.g., apparent and/or local) field of view of a user&#39;s eye  42  when the baseline display panel  38 A of  FIG.  10    is viewed using different sets of viewing characteristics, is shown in  FIG.  11   . In particular, the plot  97 A includes a first curve  98 A, which describes color shift perceivability resulting from a first set of viewing characteristics that includes a viewing angle of zero degrees, a second curve  100 A, which describes color shift perceivability resulting from a second set of viewing characteristics that includes a viewing angle of fifteen degrees, and a third curve  102 A, which describes color shift perceivability resulting from a third set of viewing characteristics that includes a viewing angle of thirty degrees. In other words, merely for illustrative purposes, the first set of viewing characteristics, the second set of viewing characteristics, and the third set of viewing characteristics each include the same viewing location. 
     Nevertheless, as depicted, the different viewing angles result in different color shift profiles. For example, as described by the first curve  98 A, minimal (e.g., no) color shift results in a focus region  70  of the field of view  62  when the baseline display panel  38 A is viewed with a viewing angle of zero degrees (e.g., first set of viewing characteristics). However, as described by the first curve  98 A, color shift increases in periphery regions  72  of the field of view  62 . 
     As described above, a focus region  70  in a field of view  62  generally corresponds to a central portion of an eye&#39;s retina, which is more sensitive to visible light, while a periphery region  72  in the field of view  62  generally corresponds to an outer portion of the eye&#39;s retina, which is less sensitive to visible light. In other words, perceivability of color shift occurring in the focus region  70  may be greater than color shift in a periphery region  72  and, thus, more color shift may be acceptable in the periphery region  72 . However, as described by the second curve  100 A, color shift resulting in the focus region  70  of the field of view  62  increases when the baseline display panel  38 A is viewed with a viewing angle of fifteen degrees (e.g., second set of viewing characteristics). Moreover, as described by the third curve  102 A, color shift resulting in the focus region  70  of the field of view  62  may further increase when the baseline display panel  38 A is viewed with a viewing angle of thirty degrees (e.g., third set of viewing characteristics). 
     As described above, optical cross-talk may produce a perceivable color shift in displayed image content due to light emitted from a light-emissive element (e.g., OLED) of a color component sub-pixel that passes through a neighboring (e.g., inappropriately colored) color filter cell actually being perceived by a user&#39;s eye  42 . In other words, perceivability and/or likelihood of color shift occurring in displayed image content may be reduced at least in part by reducing the amount of light that passes through neighboring (e.g., inappropriately colored) color filter cells and is actually being perceived by the user&#39;s eye  42 . In fact, in some embodiments, one or more panel implementation parameters used to implement (e.g., manufacture) a display panel  38  may be adjusted to facilitate reducing perceivability and/or likelihood of color shift occurring in displayed image content, for example, via a design (e.g., manufacturing) process. 
     To help illustrate, an example of a process  104  for designing (e.g., manufacturing, calibrating, and/or tuning) a display panel  38  is described in  FIG.  12   . Generally, the design process  104  includes determining color shift expected to result from current panel implementation parameters under various sets of viewing parameters (process block  106 ) and determining whether the expected color shift is less than a color shift threshold (decision block  108 ). Additionally, the design process  104  includes maintaining the current panel implementation parameters when the expected color shift is less than the color shift threshold (process block  110 ) and adjusting the current panel implementation parameters when the expected color shift is not less than the color shift threshold (process block  112 ). 
     Although described in a particular order, which represents a particular embodiment, it should be noted that the design process  104  may be performed in any suitable order. Additionally, embodiments of the design process  104  may omit process blocks and/or include additional process blocks. Moreover, in some embodiments, the design process  104  may be performed at least in part by a design system (e.g., one or more devices). In other words, at least in some such embodiments, the design process  104  may be implemented at least in part by executing instructions stored in a tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable medium, such as design memory implemented in the design system, using processing circuitry, such as a design processor implemented in the design system. 
     To help illustrate, an example of a design (e.g., manufacturing and/or calibration) system  113 , which may operate to facilitate designing (e.g., determining and/or adjusting) panel implementation parameters of a display panel  38 , is shown in  FIG.  13   . As in the depicted example, the design system  113  may include one or more image sensors  114 , such as one or more cameras, one or more design (e.g., computing) devices  115 , and one or more actuators  116 , such as one or more electrical motors. However, it should be appreciated that the depicted example is merely intended to be illustrative and not limiting. In particular, in other embodiments, a design system  113  may not include an actuator  116 , for example, when the viewing characteristics of an image sensor  114  is manually adjusted. 
     As will be described in more detail below, the one or more design devices  115  may design one or more panel implementation parameters  117  based at least in part on captured image data  118  output from an image sensor  114 . To facilitate designing panel implementation parameters  117 , as in the depicted example, a design device  115  may include one or more design processors  119  and calibration memory  120 . In particular, in some embodiments, the design memory  120  may be included in a tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable medium implemented and/or operated to store instructions, data, or both. Additionally, in some embodiments, the design processor  119  may include processing circuitry that executes instructions and/or processes data stored in the design memory  120 . 
     For example, the design memory  120  may store one or more current (e.g., baseline) panel implementation parameters  117  and/or one or more adjusted panel implementation parameters  117 . Additionally, as in the depicted example, the design memory  120  may store one or more color shift thresholds  121 , which may be used to determine whether to adjust a current panel implementation parameter  117 . Furthermore, in some embodiments, the design processor  119  may output one or more control signals  123 , for example, to instruct an actuator  116  to adjust one or more viewing characteristics of an image sensor  114  and/or to instruct the image sensor  114  to capture a picture. 
     In some embodiments, an image sensor  114 , such as a camera, may capture a picture by generating captured image data  118  that indicates visual characteristics, such as color and/or achromatic brightness (e.g., grayscale) level, of light  58  sensed (e.g., measured) at one or more pixel positions on the display panel  38 . For example, the captured image data  118  corresponding with a pixel position may include captured red component image data  118  that indicates brightness level of red light sensed at the pixel position, captured blue component image data  118  that indicates brightness level of blue light sensed at the pixel position, captured green component image data  118  that indicates brightness level of green light sensed at the pixel position, captured white component image data  118  that indicates brightness level of white light sensed at the pixel position, or any combination thereof. In other words, captured image data  118  corresponding with a picture of image content being displayed on a display panel  38  may be indicative of luminance that would actually be perceived by a user&#39;s eye  42  and, thus, used to determine one or more color shift metrics  122  indicative of color shift that would actually be perceived by the user&#39;s eye  42 . 
     As such, returning to the design process  104  of  FIG.  12   , in some embodiments, a design system  113  may determine color shift expected to result in image content displayed on a display panel  38 , which is implemented using current panel implementation parameters, under various sets of viewing characteristics based at least in part on corresponding captured image data  118 , for example, received from an image sensor  114  (process block  106 ). In particular, in some embodiments, the design system  113  may determine a color shift metric  122  indicative of color shift expected to occur at a pixel position on the display panel  38  under a set of viewing characteristics based at least in part on deviation of a sensed brightness level indicated in captured image data  118 , which is captured using the set of viewing characteristics, from a corresponding target brightness level. For example, the design system  113  may determine a color shift metric  122  associated with a pixel position based at least in part on deviation of sensed red light brightness level indicated in captured red component image data  118  from a target red light brightness level corresponding with the pixel position, deviation of sensed green light brightness level indicated in captured green component image data  118  from a target green light brightness level corresponding with the pixel position, deviation of sensed blue light brightness level indicated in captured blue component image data  118  from a target blue light brightness level corresponding with the pixel position, deviation of sensed white light brightness level indicated in captured white component image data  118  from a target white light brightness level corresponding with the pixel position, or any combination thereof. 
     Additionally, for each set of viewing characteristics, in some embodiments, the design system  113  may determine a color shift profile that includes color shift metrics  122  corresponding with multiple pixel positions on the display panel  38 , for example, similar to the plot  97 A of  FIG.  11   . Furthermore, as described above, a set of viewing characteristics may include a viewing (e.g., pupil or gaze) angle, a viewing location (e.g., pupil offset or pupil relief), a view aperture (e.g., pupil or eye box) size. Thus, in some embodiments, the design system  113  may determine color shift expected to result when the display panel  38  is viewed with various different viewing angles (process block  124 ). Additionally or alternatively, the design system  113  may determine color shift expected to result when the display panel  38  is viewed from various different viewing locations (process block  125 ). Furthermore, the design system  113  may determine color shift expected to result when the display panel  38  is viewed using various aperture sizes (process block  126 ). 
     To facilitate determining color shift metrics  122  resulting from different sets of viewing characteristics, as described above, in some embodiments, a design device  115  in the design system  113  may output one or more control signals  123  that instruct an actuator  116  to adjust one or more viewing characteristics of the image sensor  114 . For example, the design device  115  may instruct the actuator  116  to translate the image sensor  114  in a z-direction  50 , an x-direction  54 , and/or a y-direction  52  to adjust viewing location of the image sensor  114 . Additionally or alternatively, the design device  115  may instruct the actuator  116  to rotate the image sensor  114  in the x-direction  54  and/or the y-direction  52  to adjust viewing angle of the image sensor  114 . Furthermore, the design device  115  may additionally or alternatively instruct the actuator  116  to adjust shutter size and/or shutter speed to adjust aperture size of the image sensor  114 . In other embodiments, one or more viewing characteristics of the image sensor  114  may be manually adjusted. 
     The design system  113  may then determine whether the expected color shift is less than a color shift threshold  121  (process block  108 ). In some embodiments, the color shift threshold may be predetermined and stored in a tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable medium of the design system  113 . Thus, in such embodiments, the design system  113  may determine the color shift threshold  121  at least in part by retrieving the color shift threshold from the tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable medium. 
     In fact, in some embodiments, the design system  113  may evaluate the expected color shift using multiple different color shift thresholds  121 . For example, the design system  113  may evaluate color shift expected to result in a focus region  70  of the field of view  62  using a first (e.g., lower) color shift threshold. On the other hand, the design system  113  may evaluate color shift expected to result in a periphery region  72  of the field of view  62  using a second (e.g., higher) color shift threshold. In other words, utilizing multiple different color shift thresholds may enable the design system  113  to vary acceptable color shift in different regions of the field of view  62 , for example, in coordination with variation in light sensitivity across the retina of a user&#39;s eye  42 . 
     When the expected color shift is less than the color shift threshold, the design system  113  may maintain the current panel implementation parameters (process block  110 ). In some embodiments, the panel implementation parameters may govern size (e.g., thickness) of a color filter layer  82 , size (e.g., thickness) of an encapsulation layer  94  disposed between the color filter layer  82  and a light-emissive element (e.g., OLED) layer  84 , and/or size (e.g., thickness and/or footprint) of one or more color filter cells included in the color filter layer  82 . As described above, light rays  96  emitted from the light-emissive element layer  84  may pass through the encapsulation layer  94  and the color filter layer  82  before exiting a (e.g., forward-facing) viewing surface  57  of a display panel  38 . Additionally, as described above, perceivable color shift may occur due to light rays  96  emitted from a light-emissive element (e.g., OLED) of a color component sub-pixel that pass through a neighboring (e.g., inappropriately colored) color filter cell actually being perceived by a user&#39;s eye  42 . 
     Thus, when the expected color shift is not less than (e.g., greater than or equal to) the color shift threshold, the design system  113  may adjust one or more of the current panel implementation parameters to facilitate reducing perceivability and/or likelihood of color shift resulting in displayed image content (process block  112 ). In particular, in some embodiments, the design system  113  may adjust one or more of the current panel implementation parameters to adjust (e.g., reduce) the distance between a light emitting element (e.g., OLED) of a color component sub-pixel and an outward-facing surface of the color filter layer  82  (process block  127 ). For example, to facilitate reducing the distance between the organic light-emitting diode (OLED) of the color component sub-pixel and the outward-facing surface of the color filter layer  82 , the design system  113  adjust one or more of the current (e.g., baseline) implementation parameters to reduce thickness (e.g., height) of one or more color filter cells in the color filter layer  82  (e.g., from a baseline color filter cell thickness) (process block  128 ). 
     To help illustrate, an example of a reduced color filter cell thickness display panel  38 B, which is viewed along the cross-sectional line  80  of  FIG.  9   , is shown in  FIG.  14   . As in the baseline display panel  38 A of  FIG.  10   , the reduced color filter cell thickness display panel  38 B of  FIG.  14    includes a color filter layer  82 , an encapsulation layer  94 , and a light-emissive element (e.g., OLED) layer  84 . Merely for illustrative purposes, the light-emissive element layer  84  of the reduced color filter cell thickness display panel  38 B matches the light-emissive element layer  84  of the baseline display panel  38 A. 
     Additionally, merely for illustrative purposes, the encapsulation layer  94  of  FIG.  14    matches the baseline encapsulation layer  94 A of  FIG.  10   . In other words, merely for illustrative purposes, the encapsulation layer  94  of the reduced color filter cell thickness display panel  38 B is implemented with the baseline encapsulation thickness. However, the adjusted color filter layer  82 B of  FIG.  14    is thinner than the baseline color filter layer  82 A of  FIG.  10   . In other words, thickness of the adjusted color filter layer  82 B may be reduced from the baseline color filter cell thickness, thereby reducing the distance light rays  96  travel before exiting an outward-facing surface of the adjusted color filter layer  82 C. 
     As in the depicted example, the reduced travel distance resulting from the reduced thickness of the adjusted color filter layer  82 C may facilitate reducing the distance that light rays  96  emitted from a light-emissive element (e.g., OLED) of a color component sub-pixel travel through a neighboring (e.g., inappropriately colored) color filter cell. For example, the reduced thickness of the adjusted color filter layer  82 C may facilitate reducing the distance that the fourth light ray  96 D emitted from the Nth red organic light-emitting diode (OLED)  90 N travels through the central green color filter cell  88 C compared to the baseline display panel  38 A of  FIG.  10    and, thus, may facilitate reducing optical cross-talk and potentially resulting color shift. Additionally, the reduced thickness of the adjusted color filter layer  82 C may facilitate reducing the distance that the fifth light ray  96 E emitted from the Nth red organic light-emitting diode (OLED)  90 N travels through the Nth green color filter cell  88 N compared to the baseline display panel  38 A of  FIG.  10    and, thus, may facilitate reducing optical cross-talk and potentially resulting color shift. In this manner, one or more current (e.g., baseline) panel implementation parameters to be used to implement a display panel  38  may be adjusted to adjust (e.g., reduce) thickness of its color filter layer  82 , which, at least in some instances, may facilitate improving perceived image quality provided by the display panel  38 , for example, by reducing optical cross-talk between different color component sub-pixels on the display panel  38  and, thus, resulting color shift in displayed image content. 
     However, it should be appreciated that the depicted examples are merely intended to be illustrative and not limiting. For example, in other embodiments, thickness of one or more color filter cells may be adjusted different amounts. Merely as an illustrative example, the Nth red color filter cell  86 N may be implemented with a baseline color filter cell thickness whereas the central green color filter cell  88 C and/or the Nth green color filter cell  88 N are implemented with an adjusted (e.g., reduced) color filter cell thickness. Moreover, returning to the design process  104  of  FIG.  12   , to adjust (e.g., reduce) the distance between the light emitting element (e.g., OLED) of the color component sub-pixel and the outward-facing surface of the color filter layer  82 , the design system  113  may additionally or alternatively adjust one or more of the current (e.g., baseline) implementation parameters to reduce thickness (e.g., height) of an encapsulation layer  94  (e.g., from a baseline encapsulation thickness) (process block  129 ). 
     To help illustrate, an example of a reduced encapsulation thickness display panel  38 C, which is viewed along the cross-sectional line  80  of  FIG.  9   , is shown in  FIG.  15   . As in the baseline display panel  38 A of  FIG.  10   , the reduced encapsulation thickness display panel  38 C of  FIG.  15    includes a color filter layer  82 , an encapsulation layer  94 , and a light-emissive element (e.g., OLED) layer  84 . Merely for illustrative purposes, the light-emissive element layer  84  of the reduced encapsulation thickness display panel  38 C matches the light-emissive element layer  84  of the baseline display panel  38 A. 
     Additionally, merely for illustrative purposes, the color filter layer  82  of  FIG.  15    matches the baseline encapsulation layer  94 A of  FIG.  10   . In other words, merely for illustrative purposes, the color filter layer  82 C of the reduced encapsulation thickness display panel  38 C is implemented with the baseline color filter cell thickness. However, the adjusted encapsulation layer  94 C of  FIG.  15    is thinner than the baseline encapsulation layer  94 A of  FIG.  10   . In other words, thickness of the adjusted encapsulation layer  94 C may be reduced from the baseline encapsulation thickness, thereby reducing the distance light rays  96  travel before exiting an outward-facing surface of the color filter layer  82 C. 
     As in the depicted example, the reduced travel distance resulting from the reduced thickness of the adjusted encapsulation layer  94 C may facilitate reducing the distance that light rays  96  emitted from a light-emissive element (e.g., OLED) of a color component sub-pixel travel through a neighboring (e.g., inappropriately colored) color filter cell. For example, the reduced thickness of the adjusted encapsulation layer  94 C may facilitate reducing the distance that the fourth light ray  96 D emitted from the Nth red organic light-emitting diode (OLED)  90 N travels through the central green color filter cell  88 C compared to the baseline display panel  38 A of  FIG.  10    and, thus, may facilitate reducing optical cross-talk and potentially resulting color shift. Additionally, the reduced thickness of the adjusted encapsulation layer  94 C may facilitate reducing the distance that the fifth light ray  96 E emitted from the Nth red organic light-emitting diode (OLED)  90 N travels through the Nth green color filter cell  88 N compared to the baseline display panel  38 A of  FIG.  10    and, thus, may facilitate reducing optical cross-talk and potentially resulting color shift. 
     However, it should be appreciated that the depicted example is are merely intended to be illustrative and not limiting. In fact, in other embodiments, one or more current (e.g., baseline) panel implementation parameters may be adjusted to adjust color filter cell thickness as well as encapsulation thickness. For example, to facilitate further reducing optical cross-talk and potentially resulting color shift, in some embodiments, a display panel  38  may be implemented with reduced color filter cell thickness as well as reduced encapsulation thickness. 
     To help illustrate, another example of a reduced thickness display panel  38 D, which is viewed along the cross-sectional line  80  of  FIG.  9   , is shown in  FIG.  16   . As in the baseline display panel  38 A of  FIG.  10   , the reduced thickness display panel  38 D of  FIG.  16    includes a color filter layer  82 , an encapsulation layer  94 , and a light-emissive element (e.g., OLED) layer  84 . Merely for illustrative purposes, the light-emissive element layer  84  of the reduced thickness display panel  38 D matches the light-emissive element layer  84  of the baseline display panel  38 A. 
     However, the adjusted color filter layer  82 D of  FIG.  16    differs from the baseline color filter layer  82 A of  FIG.  10    and the adjusted encapsulation layer  94 D of  FIG.  16    differs from the baseline encapsulation layer  94 A of  FIG.  10   . In particular, similar to the adjusted color filter layer  82 B of  FIG.  14   , the adjusted color filter layer  82 D of  FIG.  16    is thinner than the baseline color filter layer  82 A of  FIG.  10   . In other words, thickness of the adjusted color filter layer  82 D may be reduced from the baseline color filter cell thickness, thereby reducing the distance light rays  96  travel before exiting an outward-facing surface of the adjusted color filter layer  82 D. Additionally, similar to the adjusted encapsulation layer  94 C of  FIG.  15   , the adjusted encapsulation layer  94 D of  FIG.  16    is thinner than the baseline encapsulation layer  94 A of  FIG.  10   . In other words, thickness of the adjusted encapsulation layer  94 D may be reduced from the baseline encapsulation thickness, thereby further reducing the distance light rays  96  travel before exiting the outward-facing surface of the adjusted color filter layer  82 D. 
     As in the depicted example, the further reduced travel distance resulting from the reduced thickness of the adjusted color filter layer  82 D and the reduced thickness of the adjusted encapsulation layer  94 D may facilitate further reducing the distance that light rays  96  emitted from a light-emissive element (e.g., OLED) of a color component sub-pixel travel through a neighboring (e.g., inappropriately colored) color filter cell. In fact, merely as an illustrative example, the reduced thickness of the adjusted color filter layer  82 D and the reduced thickness of the adjusted encapsulation layer  94 D may result in the fourth light ray  96 D emitted from the Nth red organic light-emitting diode (OLED)  90 N exiting the adjusted color filter layer  82 D without passing through the central green color filter cell  88 C and/or the fifth light ray  96 E emitted from the Nth red organic light-emitting diode (OLED)  90 N exiting the adjusted color filter layer  82 D without passing through the Nth green color filter cell  88 N. In this manner, one or more panel implementation parameters may be adjusted to facilitate reducing optical cross-talk between different color component sub-pixels on a display panel  38  and, thus, resulting color shift in image content displayed on the display panel  38 . 
     To help further illustrate, an example plot  97 D, which describes perceivability of color shift resulting across a (e.g., apparent and/or local) field of view of a user&#39;s eye  42  when the reduced thickness display panel  38 D of  FIG.  16    is viewed using different sets of viewing characteristics, is shown in  FIG.  17   . In particular, the plot  97 D includes a first curve  98 D, which describes color shift perceivability resulting from a first set of viewing characteristics that includes a viewing angle of zero degrees, a second curve  100 D, which describes color shift perceivability resulting from a second set of viewing characteristics that includes a viewing angle of fifteen degrees, and a third curve  102 D, which describes color shift perceivability resulting from a third set of viewing characteristics that includes a viewing angle of thirty degrees. In other words, merely for illustrative purposes, the first set of viewing characteristics described in the plot  97 D of  FIG.  17    matches the first set of viewing characteristics described in the plot  97 A of  FIG.  11   , the second set of viewing characteristics described in the plot  97 D of  FIG.  17    matches the second set of viewing characteristics described in the plot  97 A of  FIG.  11   , and the third set of viewing characteristics described in the plot  97 D of  FIG.  17    matches the third set of viewing characteristics described in the plot  97 A of  FIG.  11   . 
     As depicted, the different viewing angles may result in different color shift profiles. For example, similar to the first curve  98 A of  FIG.  11   , as described by the first curve  98 D of  FIG.  17   , minimal (e.g., no) color shift results in a focus region  70  of the field of view  62  and an increase in color shift occurs in in periphery regions  72  of the field of view  62  when the reduced thickness display panel  38 D is viewed with a viewing angle of zero degrees (e.g., first set of viewing characteristics). In fact, as described by the first curve  98 D of  FIG.  17   , the reduced thickness display panel  38 D may facilitate reducing color shift resulting in the periphery regions  72  of the field of view  62  compared to the baseline display panel  38 A. 
     Nevertheless, similar to the second curve  100 A of  FIG.  11   , as described by the second curve  100 D of  FIG.  17   , color shift resulting in the focus region  70  of the field of view  62  increases when the reduced thickness display panel  38 D is viewed with a viewing angle of fifteen degrees (e.g., second set of viewing characteristics). Additionally, similar to the third curve  102 A of  FIG.  11   , as described by the third curve  102 D of  FIG.  17   , color shift resulting in the focus region  70  of the field of view  62  further increases when the reduced thickness display panel  38 D is viewed with a viewing angle of thirty degrees (e.g., third set of viewing characteristics). However, as described by the second curve  100 D and the third curve  102 D of  FIG.  17   , the reduced thickness display panel  38 D may facilitate reducing color shift resulting in the field of view  62  compared to the baseline display panel  38 A. In this manner, adjusting one or more baseline (e.g., current) panel implementation parameters to reduce the distance between light emitting elements (e.g., OLEDs) of color component sub-pixels and an outward-facing surface of a color filter layer  82  may facilitate improving perceived image quality provided by a display panel  38 , for example, due to the reduced distance reducing optical cross-talk between different color component sub-pixels and, thus, resulting color shift in displayed image content. 
     Returning to the design process  104  of  FIG.  12   , in addition to color filter cell thickness (e.g., height) and/or encapsulation thickness, as described above, panel implementation parameters may govern footprint (e.g., width, length, and/or pitch) of one or more color filter cells in the color filter layer  82 . Thus, to facilitate reducing color shift resulting from optical cross-talk, the design system  113  may additionally or alternatively adjust one or more current (e.g., baseline) panel implementation parameters to adjust footprint (e.g., width, length, and/or pitch) of one or more color filter cells in the color filter layer  82  (process block  131 ). For example, the design system  113  may increase footprint of each color filter cell in the color filter layer  82  by a uniform amount (e.g., from a baseline color filter cell footprint) (process block  133 ). 
     To help illustrate, an example of a uniform color filter cell (CF) footprint display panel  38 E, which is viewed along the cross-sectional line  80  of  FIG.  9   , is shown in  FIG.  18   . As in the baseline display panel  38 A of  FIG.  10   , the uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 E of  FIG.  18    includes a color filter layer  82 , an encapsulation layer  94 , and a light-emissive element (e.g., OLED) layer  84 . Merely for illustrative purposes, the light-emissive element layer  84  of the uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 E matches the light-emissive element layer  84  of the baseline display panel  38 A. 
     Additionally, merely for illustrative purposes, the encapsulation layer  94  of  FIG.  18    matches the baseline encapsulation layer  94 A of  FIG.  10   . In other words, merely for illustrative purposes, the encapsulation layer  94  of the uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 E is implemented with the baseline encapsulation thickness. Furthermore, merely for illustrative purposes, thickness of the adjusted color filter layer  82 E of  FIG.  18    matches thickness of the baseline color filter layer  82 A of  FIG.  10   . In other words, merely for illustrative purposes, the adjusted color filter layer  82 E of the uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 E is implemented with the baseline color filter cell thickness. 
     However, the footprint (e.g., width, height, and/or pitch) of each color filter cell in the adjusted color filter layer  82 E of  FIG.  18    uniformly differs for the footprint of corresponding color filter cells in the baseline color filter layer  82 A of  FIG.  10   . In other words, in some embodiments, the footprint (e.g., width, height, and/or pitch) of each color filter cell in the adjusted color filter layer  82 E of the uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 E may be uniformly increased from the baseline color filter cell footprint. Moreover, as in the depicted example, in some embodiments, the adjusted color filter layer  82 E may nevertheless be centered over the light-emissive element layer  84 , for example, such that the adjusted color filter layer  82 E is relative to a central display pixel  56 C on the uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 E. In other words, in such embodiments, increasing color filter cell footprint may result in color filter cells being shifted outward. 
     In fact, in some embodiments, the outward shift produced by a uniform color footprint increase may result in the adjusted color filter layer  82 E of the uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 E overhanging one or more edges (e.g., sides) its light-emissive element (e.g., OLED) layer  84  and/or its encapsulation layer  94 . Moreover, as in the depicted example, the uniformly increased color filter cell footprint of the adjusted color filter layer  82 E may affect the distance that light rays  96  emitted from a light-emissive element (e.g., OLED) of a color component sub-pixel travel through a neighboring (e.g., inappropriately colored) color filter cell. For example, the uniformly increased color filter cell footprint of the adjusted color filter layer  82 E may reduce the distance the fifth light ray  96 E emitted from the Nth red organic light-emitting diode (OLED)  90 N travels through the Nth green color filter cell  88 N before exiting the adjusted color filter layer  82 E of the uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 E. In this manner, one or more panel implementation parameters may be adjusted to facilitate reducing optical cross-talk between different color component sub-pixels on a display panel  38  and, thus, resulting color shift in image content displayed on the display panel  38 . 
     To help further illustrate, an example plot  97 E, which describes perceivability of color shift resulting across a (e.g., apparent and/or local) field of view of a user&#39;s eye  42  when the uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 E of  FIG.  18    is viewed using different sets of viewing characteristics, is shown in  FIG.  17   . In particular, the plot  97 E includes a first curve  98 E, which describes color shift perceivability resulting from a first set of viewing characteristics that includes a viewing angle of zero degrees, a second curve  100 E, which describes color shift perceivability resulting from a second set of viewing characteristics that includes a viewing angle of fifteen degrees, and a third curve  102 E, which describes color shift perceivability resulting from a third set of viewing characteristics that includes a viewing angle of thirty degrees. In other words, merely for illustrative purposes, the first set of viewing characteristics described in the plot  97 E of  FIG.  19    matches the first set of viewing characteristics described in the plot  97 A of  FIG.  11   , the second set of viewing characteristics described in the plot  97 E of  FIG.  19    matches the second set of viewing characteristics described in the plot  97 A of  FIG.  11   , and the third set of viewing characteristics described in the plot  97 E of  FIG.  19    matches the third set of viewing characteristics described in the plot  97 A of  FIG.  11   . 
     As depicted, the different viewing angles may result in different color shift profiles. For example, similar to the first curve  98 A of  FIG.  11   , as described by the first curve  98 E of  FIG.  19   , minimal (e.g., no) color shift results in a focus region  70  of the field of view  62  and an increase in color shift occurs in periphery regions  72  of the field of view  62  when the uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 E is viewed with a viewing angle of zero degrees (e.g., first set of viewing characteristics). In fact, similar to the first curve  98 D of  FIG.  17   , as described by the first curve  98 E of  FIG.  19   , the uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 E may facilitate reducing color shift resulting in the periphery regions  72  of the field of view  62  compared to the baseline display panel  38 A. 
     Nevertheless, similar to the second curve  100 A of  FIG.  11   , as described by the second curve  100 E of  FIG.  19   , color shift resulting in the focus region  70  of the field of view  62  increases when the uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 E is viewed with a viewing angle of fifteen degrees (e.g., second set of viewing characteristics). Additionally, similar to the third curve  102 A of  FIG.  11   , as described by the third curve  102 E of  FIG.  19   , color shift resulting in the focus region  70  of the field of view  62  further increases when the uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 E is viewed with a viewing angle of thirty degrees (e.g., third set of viewing characteristics). However, as described by the second curve  100 E and the third curve  102 E of  FIG.  19   , the uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 E may facilitate reducing color shift resulting in the field of view  62  compared to the baseline display panel  38 A. In this manner, adjusting one or more baseline (e.g., current) panel implementation parameters to uniformly increase color filter cell footprint may facilitate improving perceived image quality provided by a display panel  38 , for example, at least in a focus region  70  of the field of view  62  of a user&#39;s eye  42 . 
     However, as described by the second curve  100 E of  FIG.  19   , adjusting one or more baseline (e.g., current) panel implementation parameters to uniformly increase color filter cell footprint may produce a color shift spike  130  (e.g., non-monotonic change) in a periphery region  72  of the field of view  62  when the uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 E is viewed with a viewing angle of fifteen degrees (e.g., second set of viewing characteristics). Moreover, as described by the third curve  102 E of  FIG.  19   , adjusting one or more baseline (e.g., current) panel implementation parameters to uniformly increase color filter cell footprint may produce an even larger color shift spike  130  in the periphery region  72  of the field of view  62  when the uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 E is viewed with a viewing angle of thirty degrees (e.g., third set of viewing characteristics). In other words, at least in some instances, the uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 E may result in a color shift spike  130  in a periphery region  72  of the field of view (FOV)  62  when viewed with a non-zero viewing angle. For example, with regard to  FIG.  18   , a color shift spike  130  in a periphery region  72  of the field of view  62  may result due to the uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 E increasing the distance the fourth light ray  96 D emitted from the Nth red organic light-emitting diode (OLED)  90 N travels through the central green color filter cell  88 C before exiting the adjusted color filter layer  82 E. 
     As described above, a focus region  70  in a field of view  62  generally corresponds to a central portion of an eye&#39;s retina, which is more sensitive to visible light, while a periphery region  72  in the field of field  62  generally corresponds to an outer portion of the eye&#39;s retina, which is less sensitive to visible light. In other words, perceivability of color shift occurring in the focus region  70  may be greater than color shift in a periphery region  72  and, thus, more color shift may be acceptable in the periphery region  72 . Nevertheless, a color shift spike  130 , even in the periphery region  72  of the field of view  62 , may generally be more perceivable than a monotonically changing color shift. To facilitate reducing perceivability of color shift resulting in a periphery region  72 , returning to the design process  104  of  FIG.  12   , the design system  113  may additionally or alternatively adjust color filter cell footprint (e.g., width, length, and/or pitch) in the color filter layer  82  by increasing footprint of one or more color filter cells by non-uniform (e.g., different) amounts, for example, from a baseline color filter cell footprint (process block  135 ). 
     To help illustrate, an example of a non-uniform color filter cell (CF) footprint display panel  38 F, which is viewed along the cross-sectional line  80  of  FIG.  9   , is shown in  FIG.  20   . As in the baseline display panel  38 A of  FIG.  10   , the non-uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 F of  FIG.  20    includes a color filter layer  82 , an encapsulation layer  94 , and a light-emissive element (e.g., OLED) layer  84 . Merely for illustrative purposes, the light-emissive element layer  84  of the non-uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 F matches the light-emissive element layer  84  of the baseline display panel  38 A. 
     Additionally, merely for illustrative purposes, the encapsulation layer  94  of  FIG.  20    matches the baseline encapsulation layer  94 A of  FIG.  10   . In other words, merely for illustrative purposes, the encapsulation layer  94  of the non-uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 F is implemented with the baseline encapsulation thickness. Furthermore, merely for illustrative purposes, thickness of the adjusted color filter layer  82 F of  FIG.  20    matches thickness of the baseline color filter layer  82 A of  FIG.  10   . In other words, merely for illustrative purposes, the adjusted color filter layer  82 F of the non-uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 F is implemented with the baseline color filter cell thickness. 
     However, the footprint (e.g., width, height, and/or pitch) of different color filter cells in the adjusted color filter layer  82 F of  FIG.  20    differ from one another. For example, the footprint of the central green color filter cell  88 C may match the baseline color filter cell footprint. However, the footprint of the Nth red color filter cell  86 N and/or the Nth green color filter cell  88 N may be increased from the baseline color filter cell footprint by a first amount. Additionally, the footprint of a second side red color filter cell  86 B corresponding with a second side red sub-pixel  74 B and/or the footprint of a second side green color filter cell  88 B corresponding with a second side green sub-pixel  76 B may be increased from the baseline color filter cell footprint by a second amount. 
     In fact, in some embodiments, the footprint of color filter cells in the adjusted color filter layer  82 F of the non-uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 F may gradually increase moving away from its central display pixel  56 C. In other words, in such embodiments, the second amount with which footprint of the second side red color filter cell  86 B and/or the footprint of the second side green color filter cell  88 B is increased from the baseline color filter cell footprint may be greater than the first amount with which footprint of the Nth red color filter cell  86 N and/or the footprint of the Nth green color filter cell  88 N is increased from the baseline color filter cell footprint. Moreover, similar to the uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 E of  FIG.  18   , in some embodiments, the adjusted color filter layer  82 F of  FIG.  20    may nevertheless being centered over the light-emissive element layer  84 , for example, such that the adjusted color filter layer  82 F is centered over a central display pixel  56 C on the non-uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 F. In other words, in such embodiments, increasing color filter cell footprint may result in color filter cells being shifted outward. 
     In fact, in some embodiments, the outward shift produced by a non-uniform color footprint increase may result in the adjusted color filter layer  82 F of the non-uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 F overhanging one or more edges (e.g., sides) of its light-emissive element (e.g., OLED) layer  84  and/or its encapsulation layer  94 . Moreover, as in the depicted example, the non-uniformly increased color filter cell footprint of the adjusted color filter layer  82 F may affect the distance that light rays  96  emitted from a light-emissive element (e.g., OLED) of a color component sub-pixel travel through a neighboring (e.g., inappropriately colored) color filter cell. For example, compared to the uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 E of  FIG.  18   , the non-uniformly increased color filter cell footprint of the non-uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 F of  FIG.  20    may reduce the distance the fourth light ray  96 D emitted from the Nth red organic light-emitting diode (OLED)  90 N travels through central green color filter cell  88 C before exiting the adjusted color filter layer  82 F, which, at least in some instances, may facilitate reducing likelihood of a color shift spike  130  occurring in a periphery region  72  of the field of view  62  of a user&#39;s eye  42 . 
     To help further illustrate, an example plot  97 F, which describes perceivability of color shift resulting across a (e.g., apparent and/or local) field of view of a user&#39;s eye  42  when the non-uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 F of  FIG.  20    is viewed using different sets of viewing characteristics, is shown in  FIG.  21   . In particular, the plot  97 F includes a first curve  98 F, which describes color shift perceivability resulting from a first set of viewing characteristics that includes a viewing angle of zero degrees, a second curve  100 F, which describes color shift perceivability resulting from a second set of viewing characteristics that includes a viewing angle of fifteen degrees, and a third curve  102 F, which describes color shift perceivability resulting from a third set of viewing characteristics that includes a viewing angle of thirty degrees. In other words, merely for illustrative purposes, the first set of viewing characteristics described in the plot  97 F of  FIG.  21    matches the first set of viewing characteristics described in the plot  97 A of  FIG.  11   , the second set of viewing characteristics described in the plot  97 F of  FIG.  21    matches the second set of viewing characteristics described in the plot  97 A of  FIG.  11   , and the third set of viewing characteristics described in the plot  97 F of  FIG.  21    matches the third set of viewing characteristics described in the plot  97 A of  FIG.  11   . 
     As depicted, the different viewing angles may result in different color shift profiles. For example, similar to the first curve  98 A of  FIG.  11   , as described by the first curve  98 F of  FIG.  21   , minimal (e.g., no) color shift results in a focus region  70  of the field of view  62  and an increase in color shift occurs in in periphery regions  72  of the field of view  62  when the non-uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 F is viewed with a viewing angle of zero degrees (e.g., first set of viewing characteristics). In fact, similar to the first curve  98 D of  FIG.  17    and the first curve  98 E of  FIG.  19   , as described by the first curve  98 F of  FIG.  21   , the non-uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 F may facilitate reducing color shift resulting in the periphery regions  72  of the field of view  62  compared to the baseline display panel  38 A. 
     Nevertheless, similar to the second curve  100 A of  FIG.  11   , as described by the second curve  100 F of  FIG.  21   , color shift resulting in the focus region  70  of the field of view  62  increases when the uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 E is viewed with a viewing angle of fifteen degrees (e.g., second set of viewing characteristics). Additionally, similar to the third curve  102 A of  FIG.  11   , as described by the third curve  102 F of  FIG.  21   , color shift resulting in the focus region  70  of the field of view  62  further increases when the uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 E is viewed with a viewing angle of thirty degrees (e.g., third set of viewing characteristics). However, as described by the second curve  100 F and the third curve  102 F of  FIG.  21   , the non-uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 F may facilitate reducing color shift resulting in the field of view  62  compared to the baseline display panel  38 A. Moreover, as described by the second curve  100 F and the third curve  102 F of  FIG.  21   , the non-uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 F may facilitate reducing color shift spikes  130  resulting a periphery region  72  of the field of view  62  compared to uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 E. In this manner, adjusting one or more baseline (e.g., current) panel implementation parameters to non-uniformly increase color filter cell footprint may facilitate improving perceived image quality provided by a display panel  38  in a focus region  70  and/or a periphery region  72  of the field of view  62  of a user&#39;s eye  42 . 
     However, it should be appreciated that the depicted example is merely intended to be illustrative and not limiting. In particular, in other embodiments, magnitude and/or likelihood of color shift spikes  130  occurring in a periphery region  72  of the field of view  62  may be reduced by adjusting one or more current (e.g., baseline) panel implementation parameters in a different manner. For example, to facilitate reducing magnitude and/or likelihood of color shift spikes  130  occurring in a periphery region  72 , in some embodiments, a display panel  38  implemented with uniformly increased color filter cell footprints may additionally be implemented with a reduced color filter cell thickness and/or a reduced encapsulation thickness. 
     To help illustrate, an example of a reduced thickness and uniform color filter cell (CF) footprint display panel  38 G, which is viewed along the cross-sectional line  80  of  FIG.  9   , is shown in  FIG.  22   . As in the baseline display panel  38 A of  FIG.  10   , the reduced thickness and uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 G of  FIG.  22    includes a color filter layer  82 , an encapsulation layer  94 , and a light-emissive element (e.g., OLED) layer  84 . Merely for illustrative purposes, the light-emissive element layer  84  of the reduced thickness and uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 G matches the light-emissive element layer  84  of the baseline display panel  38 A. 
     However, the adjusted encapsulation layer  94 G of  FIG.  22    differs from the baseline encapsulation layer  94 A of  FIG.  10   . In particular, the adjusted encapsulation layer  94 G of the reduced thickness and uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 G is thinner than the baseline encapsulation layer  94 A of the baseline display panel  38 A. For example, thickness of the adjusted encapsulation layer  94 G of  FIG.  22    may match thickness of the adjusted encapsulation layer  94 C of  FIG.  15    and, thus, differ from the baseline encapsulation thickness. In other words, thickness of the adjusted encapsulation layer  94 G of the reduced thickness and uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 G may be reduced from the baseline encapsulation thickness, thereby reducing the distance light rays  96  travel before exiting an outward-facing surface of the adjusted color filter layer  82 G. 
     Moreover, the adjusted color filter layer  82 G of  FIG.  22    differs from the baseline color filter layer  82 A of  FIG.  10   . In particular, the adjusted color filter layer  82 G of the reduced thickness and uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 G is thinner than the baseline color filter layer  82 A of the baseline display panel  38 A. For example, thickness of the adjusted color filter layer  82 G of  FIG.  22    may match thickness of the adjusted color filter layer  82 B of  FIG.  14    and, thus, differ from the baseline color filter cell thickness. In other words, thickness of the adjusted color filter layer  82 G of the reduced thickness and uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 G may be reduced from the baseline color filter cell thickness, thereby reducing the distance light rays  96  travel before exiting an outward-facing surface of the adjusted color filter layer  82 G. 
     In addition to thickness, color filter cell footprint in the adjusted color filter layer  82 G of the reduced thickness and uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 G differs from color filter cell footprint in the baseline color filter layer  82 A of the baseline display panel  38 A. For example, color filter cell footprint in the adjusted color filter layer  82 G of  FIG.  22    may match color filter cell footprint in the adjusted color filter layer  82 E of  FIG.  18   . In other words, footprint of color filter cells in the adjusted color filter layer  82 G of the reduced thickness and uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 G may be uniformly increased from the baseline color filter cell footprint. 
     As described above, at least in some instances, uniformly increasing color filter cell footprint may result in a color shift spike  130  occurring in a periphery region  72  of the field of view  62  of a user&#39;s eye  42 . For example, with regard to the uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 E of  FIG.  18   , a color shift spike  130  may occur in the periphery region  72  due to the uniformly increased color filter cell footprint increasing the distance the fourth light ray  96 D emitted from the Nth red organic light-emitting diode (OLED)  90 N travels through the central green color filter cell  88 C. However, as depicted in the reduced thickness and uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 G of  FIG.  22   , the reduced color filter cell thickness and the reduced encapsulation thickness may facilitate reducing the distance the fourth light ray  96 D emitted from the Nth red organic light-emitting diode (OLED)  90 N travels through the central green color filter cell  88 C, which, at least in some instances, may facilitate reducing magnitude and/or likelihood of color shift spikes  130  and, thus, improving perceived quality of displayed image content. 
     To help further illustrate, an example plot  97 G, which describes perceivability of color shift resulting across a (e.g., apparent and/or local) field of view of a user&#39;s eye  42  when the reduced thickness and uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 G of  FIG.  22    is viewed using different sets of viewing characteristics, is shown in  FIG.  23   . In particular, the plot  97 G includes a first curve  98 G, which describes color shift perceivability resulting from a first set of viewing characteristics that includes a viewing angle of zero degrees, a second curve  100 G, which describes color shift perceivability resulting from a second set of viewing characteristics that includes a viewing angle of fifteen degrees, and a third curve  102 G, which describes color shift perceivability resulting from a third set of viewing characteristics that includes a viewing angle of thirty degrees. In other words, merely for illustrative purposes, the first set of viewing characteristics described in the plot  97 G of  FIG.  23    matches the first set of viewing characteristics described in the plot  97 A of  FIG.  11   , the second set of viewing characteristics described in the plot  97 G of  FIG.  23    matches the second set of viewing characteristics described in the plot  97 A of  FIG.  11   , and the third set of viewing characteristics described in the plot  97 G of  FIG.  23    matches the third set of viewing characteristics described in the plot  97 A of  FIG.  11   . 
     As depicted, the different viewing angles may result in different color shift profiles. For example, similar to the first curve  98 A of  FIG.  11   , as described by the first curve  98 G of  FIG.  23   , minimal (e.g., no) color shift results in a focus region  70  of the field of view  62  and an increase in color shift occurs in in periphery regions  72  of the field of view  62  when the the reduced thickness and uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 G is viewed with a viewing angle of zero degrees (e.g., first set of viewing characteristics). In fact, similar to the first curve  98 D of  FIG.  17    and the first curve  98 E of  FIG.  19   , as described by the first curve  98 G of  FIG.  23   , the reduced thickness and uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 G may facilitate reducing color shift resulting in the periphery regions  72  of the field of view  62  compared to the baseline display panel  38 A. 
     Nevertheless, similar to the second curve  100 A of  FIG.  11   , as described by the second curve  100 G of  FIG.  23   , color shift resulting in the focus region  70  of the field of view  62  increases when the reduced thickness and uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 G is viewed with a viewing angle of fifteen degrees (e.g., second set of viewing characteristics). Additionally, similar to the third curve  102 A of  FIG.  11   , as described by the third curve  102 G of  FIG.  23   , color shift resulting in the focus region  70  of the field of view  62  further increases when the reduced thickness and uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 G is viewed with a viewing angle of thirty degrees (e.g., third set of viewing characteristics). However, as described by the second curve  100 G and the third curve  102 G of  FIG.  22   , the reduced thickness and uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 G may facilitate reducing color shift resulting in the field of view  62  compared to the baseline display panel  38 A. Moreover, as described by the second curve  100 G and the third curve  102 G of  FIG.  23   , the reduced thickness and uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 G may facilitate reducing color shift spikes  130  resulting in a periphery region of the field of view  62  compared to the uniform color filter cell footprint display panel  38 E. 
     In this manner, adjusting one or more baseline (e.g., current) panel implementation parameters to adjust (e.g., reduce) color filter cell thickness, to adjust (e.g., reduce) encapsulation thickness, and to uniformly adjust (e.g., increase) color filter cell footprint may facilitate reducing perceivability of color shift resulting from optical cross-talk and, thus, improving perceived image quality provided by a display panel  38 . However, at least in some instances, even when panel implementation parameters are adjusted in this manner, some amount of color shift resulting from optical cross-talk may nevertheless be perceivable in image content displayed on a display panel  38 . As described above, an electronic display  12  may display image content on its display panel  38  by actively controlling light emission from display pixels  56  on the display panel  38  based on corresponding image data, for example, which is indicative of target characteristics (e.g., color and/or magnitude) of light emission therefrom. Thus, to facilitate improving perceived image quality provided by the electronic display  12 , in some embodiments, an electronic device  10  may process image data to compensate for expected optical cross-talk and, thus, resulting color shift before processed (e.g., display) image data is supplied to the electronic display  12  to display corresponding image content, for example, via image processing circuitry  27 . 
     To help illustrate, an example of a portion  137  of an electronic device  10 , which includes image processing circuitry  27 , is shown in  FIG.  24   . As in the depicted example, the image processing circuitry  27  may be communicatively coupled between an image source  132  and an electronic display  12 . Additionally, as in the depicted example, the image processing circuitry  27  and/or the image source  132  may be communicatively coupled to one or more eye tracking sensors (e.g., cameras)  134 . 
     As will be described in more detail below, in some embodiments, an eye tracking sensor  134  may output viewing characteristic parameters indicative of viewing characteristics with which a user&#39;s eye  42  is viewing or is expected to view a display panel  38  of the electronic display  12 . For example, the viewing characteristic parameters may indicate a horizontal (e.g., x-direction  54 ) offset of the eye&#39;s pupil  68  from a default (e.g., forward facing) pupil position and a vertical (e.g., y-direction  52 ) offset of the eye&#39;s pupil  68  from the default pupil position and, thus, may be indicative of expected viewing angle. Additionally or alternatively, the viewing characteristic parameters may indicate a pupil relief (e.g., distance from pupil  68  to display panel  38 ) and, thus, may be indicative of expected viewing location. Furthermore, as in the depicted example, the image processing circuitry  27  may be communicatively coupled to one or more controllers (e.g., control circuitry)  136 . However, it should be appreciated that the depicted example is merely intended to illustrative and not limiting. 
     In some embodiments, a controller  136  may generally control operation of the image source  132 , the image processing circuitry  27 , the electronic display  12 , the one or more eye tracking sensors  134  or any combination thereof. Although depicted as a single controller  136 , in other embodiments, one or more separate controllers  136  may be used to control operation of the image source  132 , the image processing circuitry  27 , the electronic display  12 , the one or more eye tracking sensors  134 , or any combination thereof. To facilitate controlling operation, as in the depicted example, the controller  136  may include one or more controller processors (e.g., processing circuitry)  138  and controller memory  140 . 
     In some embodiments, a controller processor  138  may be included in the processor core complex  18  and/or separate processing circuitry and the controller memory  140  may be included in main memory  20 , a storage device  22 , and/or a separate, tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium. Additionally, in some embodiments, a controller processor  138  may execute instructions and/or process data stored in the controller memory  140  to control operation of the image source  132 , the image processing circuitry  27 , the electronic display  12 , and/or the one or more eye tracking sensors  134 . In other embodiments, the controller processor  138  may be hardwired with instructions that, when executed, control operation of the image processing circuitry  27 , the electronic display  12 , the one or more eye tracking sensors  134 , and/or the image source  132 . 
     Generally, the image source  132  may be implemented and/or operated to generate source (e.g., input or original) image data  142  corresponding with image content to be displayed on the display panel  38  of the electronic display  12 . Thus, in some embodiments, the image source  132  may be included in the processor core complex  18 , a graphics processing unit (GPU), an image sensor (e.g., camera), and/or the like. Additionally, in some embodiments, the source image data  142  may be stored in the electronic device  10  before supply to the image processing circuitry  27 , for example, in main memory  20 , a storage device  22 , and/or a separate, tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium. In fact, as well be described in more detail below, to facilitate conserving (e.g., optimizing) storage capacity of the electronic device  10 , in some embodiments, the source image data  142  may be stored and/or supplied to the image processing circuitry  27  in a foveated (e.g., compressed or grouped) domain, which utilizes a pixel resolution different from (e.g., lower than) a panel (e.g., native or non-foveated) domain of the display panel  38 . 
     As described above, a display panel  38  of an electronic display  12  may include one or more display pixels  56 , which each include one or more color component sub-pixels. For example, each display pixel  56  implemented on the display panel  38  may include a red sub-pixel  74 , a blue sub-pixel  78 , and a green sub-pixel  76 . As another example, the display panel  38  may include a first set (e.g., half) of display pixels  56 , which each include a red sub-pixel  74  and a green sub-pixel  76 , and a second set (e.g., half) of display pixels  56 , which each includes a blue sub-pixel  78  and a green sub-pixel  76 . In some embodiments, one or more display pixel  56  on the display panel  38  may additionally or alternatively include a white sub-pixel. 
     As described above, an electronic display  12  may display image content on its display panel  38  by appropriately controlling light emission from display pixels (e.g., color component sub-pixels)  56  implemented thereon. Generally, light emission from a display pixel (e.g., color component sub-pixel)  56  may vary with the magnitude of electrical energy stored therein. For example, in some instances, a display pixel  56  may include a light-emissive element, such as an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), that varies its light emission with current flow therethrough, a current control switching device (e.g., transistor) coupled between the light-emissive element and a pixel power (e.g., V DD ) supply rail, and a storage capacitor coupled to a control (e.g., gate) terminal of the current control switching device. As such, varying the amount of energy stored in the storage capacitor may vary voltage applied to the control terminal of the current control switching device and, thus, magnitude of electrical current supplied from the pixel power supply rail to the light-emissive element of the display pixel  56 . 
     However, it should be appreciated that discussion with regard to OLED examples are merely intended to be illustrative and not limiting. In other words, the techniques described in the present disclosure may be applied to and/or adapted for other types of electronic displays  12 , such as a liquid crystal display (LCD)  12  and/or a micro light-emitting diode (LED) electronic displays  12 . In any case, since light emission from a display pixel  56  generally varies with electrical energy storage therein, to display an image, an electronic display  12  may write a display pixel  56  at least in part by supplying an analog electrical (e.g., voltage and/or current) signal to the display pixel  56 , for example, to charge and/or discharge a storage capacitor in the display pixel  56 . 
     To facilitate selectively writing its display pixels  56 , as in the depicted example, the electronic display  12  may include driver circuitry  141 , which includes a scan driver  144  and a data driver  146 . In particular, the electronic display  12  may be implemented such that each of its display pixels  56  is coupled to the scan driver  144  via a corresponding scan line and to the data driver  146  via a corresponding data line. Thus, to write a row of display pixels  56 , the scan driver  144  may output an activation (e.g., logic high) control signal to a corresponding scan line that causes each display pixel  56  coupled to the scan line to electrically couple its storage capacitor to a corresponding data line. Additionally, the data driver  146  may output an analog electrical signal to each data line coupled to an activated display pixel  56  to control the amount of electrical energy stored in the display pixel  56  and, thus, resulting light emission (e.g., perceived luminance and/or perceived brightness). 
     As described above, image data corresponding with image content be indicative of target visual characteristics (e.g., luminance and/or color) at one or more specific points (e.g., image pixels) in the image content, for example, by indicating color component brightness (e.g., grayscale) levels that are scaled by a panel brightness setting. In other words, the image data may correspond with a pixel position on a display panel and, thus, indicate target luminance of at least a display pixel  56  implemented at the pixel position. For example, the image data may include red component image data indicative of target luminance of a red sub-pixel  74  in the display pixel  56 , blue component image data indicative of target luminance of a blue sub-pixel  78  in the display pixel  56 , green component image data indicative of target luminance of a green sub-pixel  76  in the display pixel  56 , white component image data indicative of target luminance of a white sub-pixel in the display pixel  56 , or any combination thereof. As such, to display image content, the electronic display  12  may control supply (e.g., magnitude and/or duration) of analog electrical signals from its data driver  146  to its display pixels  56  based at least in part on corresponding image data. 
     However, to facilitate improving perceived image quality, image processing circuitry  27  may be implemented and/or operated to process (e.g., adjust) image data before the image data is used to display a corresponding image on the electronic display  12 . Thus, in some embodiments, the image processing circuitry  27  may be included in the processor core complex  18 , a display pipeline (e.g., chip or integrated circuit device), a timing controller (TCON) in the electronic display  12 , or any combination thereof. Additionally or alternatively, the image processing circuitry  27  may be implemented as a system-on-chip (SoC). 
     As in the depicted example, the image processing circuitry  27  may be implemented and/or operated to process the source image data  142  output from the image source  132 . In some embodiments, the image processing circuitry  27  may directly receive the source image data  142  from the image source  132 . Additionally or alternatively, the source image data  142  output from the image source  132  may be stored in a tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable medium, such as main memory  20 , and, thus, the image processing circuitry  27  may receive (e.g., retrieve) the source image data  142  from the tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable medium, for example, via a direct memory access (DMA) technique. 
     The image processing circuitry  27  may then process the source image data  142  to generate display (e.g., processed or output) image data  147 , for example, which adjusts target luminances to compensate for expected optical cross-talk and, thus, resulting color shift. As described above, to facilitate conserving (e.g., optimizing) storage capacity of the electronic device  10 , in some embodiments, the source image data  142  received by the image processing circuitry  27  may be indicated in a foveated (e.g., compressed or grouped) domain, which utilizes a pixel resolution different from (e.g., lower than) a panel (e.g., native or non-foveated) domain of the display panel  38 . In particular, in the foveated domain, an image frame may be divided in multiple foveation regions (e.g., tiles) in which different pixel resolutions are utilized. 
     To help illustrate, an example of an image frame  148  divided into multiple foveation regions is shown in  FIG.  25   . As depicted, a central foveation region  150  is identified in the image frame  148 . Additionally, as depicted, multiple outer foveation regions  152  outside of the central foveation region  150  are identified in the image frame  148 . 
     In some embodiments, the central foveation region  150  and one or more outer foveation regions  152  may be identified based at least in part on a field of view (FOV)  62  with which a display panel  38  to be used to display the image frame  148  is expected to be viewed and, thus, based at least in part on viewing characteristics (e.g., viewing angle and/or viewing location) with which the display panel  38  is expected to be viewed, for example, indicated by one or more viewing characteristic parameters received from an eye tracking sensor  134 . In particular, in such embodiments, the central foveation region  150  may be identified in the image frame  148  such that the central foveation region  150  is co-located with a focus region  70  of the field of view  62  while an outer foveation region  152  is identified in the image frame  148  such that the outer foveation region  152  is co-located with a periphery region of the field of view  62 . In other words, the depicted example may be identified when the focus region  70  of the field of view  62  is expected to be centered on a central portion  48 C of the display panel  38 . 
     However, at least in such embodiments, a change in viewing characteristics may change the field of view  62  and, thus, characteristics (e.g., size, location, and/or pixel resolution) of foveation regions identified in an image frame  148 . In other words, it should be appreciated that the depicted example is merely intended to be illustrative and not limiting. For example, a change in viewing angle that moves the focus region  70  toward a first side portion  48 A of the display panel  38  may result in the central foveation region  150  being shifted toward the right and/or top of the image frame  148  while a change in viewing angle that moves the focus region  70  toward a second side portion  48 B of the display panel  38  may result in the central foveation region  150  being shifted toward the left and/or bottom of the image frame  148 . Additionally or alternatively, a change in viewing location that increases size of the focus region  70  may result in size of central foveation region  150  being expanded (e.g., increased), while a change in viewing location that decreases size of the focus region  70  may result in size of central foveation region  150  being contracted (e.g., decreased or reduced). 
     As described above, a user&#39;s eye  42  is generally more sensitive to visible light in the focus region  70  of its field of view  62 . As such, to facilitate improving perceived image quality, in some embodiments, the pixel resolution used in the central foveation region  150  may maximize pixel resolution implemented on the display panel  38 . In other words, in some embodiments, the central foveation region  150  may utilize a pixel resolution that matches the (e.g., full) pixel resolution of the display panel  38 . That is, in such embodiments, each image pixel (e.g., image data corresponding with point in image) in the central foveation region  150  of the image frame  148  may correspond with single display pixel (e.g., set of one or more color component sub-pixels)  56  implemented on the display panel  38 . For example, red component image data of the image pixel in the central foveation region  150  may corresponding with one or more red sub-pixels  74  in the display pixel  56 , green component image data of the image pixel in the central foveation region  150  may correspond with one or more green sub-pixels  76  in the display pixel  56 , and blue component image data of the image pixel in the central foveation region  150  may correspond with one or more blue sub-pixels  78  in the display pixel  56 . Additionally or alternatively, white component image data of the image pixel in the central foveation region  150  may corresponding with one or more white sub-pixels in the display pixel  56 . 
     On the other hand, as described above, a user&#39;s eye  42  is generally less sensitive to visible light in a periphery region  72  outside the focus region  70  of its field of view  62 . Leveraging the reduced sensitivity, in some embodiments, each outer foveation region  152  in the image frame  148  may utilize a pixel resolution lower than the pixel resolution of the central foveation region  150  and, thus, the (e.g., full) pixel resolution of the display panel  38 . In other words, in such embodiments, each image pixel (e.g., image data corresponding with point in image) in an outer foveation region  152  of the image frame  148  may correspond with multiple display pixels (e.g., sets of one or more color component sub-pixels)  56  implemented on the display panel  38 . 
     In fact, sensitivity to visible light of a user&#39;s eye  42  may vary outside the focus region  70  of its field of view  62 . For example, the user&#39;s eye  42  may be more sensitive to visible light in a first periphery region  72  closer to the focus region  70  of its field of view  62 . On the other hand, the user&#39;s eye  42  may be less sensitive to visible light in a second periphery region  72  farther from the focus region  70  of its field of view  62 . 
     To facilitate accounting for variation in sensitivity to visible light outside the focus region  70 , in some embodiments, different outer foveation regions  152  identified in the image frame  148  may utilize different pixel resolutions. In particular, in such embodiments, an outer foveation region  152  closer to the central foveation region  150  may utilize a higher pixel resolution. On the other hand, in such embodiments, an outer foveation region  152  farther from the central foveation region  150  may utilize a lower pixel resolution. 
     Merely as an illustrative example, a first set of outer foveation regions  152  may include each outer foveation region  152  directly adjacent and outside the central foveation region  150 . In other words, with regard to the depicted example, the first set of outer foveation regions  152  may include a first outer foveation region  152 A, a second outer foveation region  152 B, a third outer foveation region  152 C, and a fourth outer foveation region  152 D. Due to proximity to the central foveation region  150 , in some embodiments, each outer foveation region  152  in the first set of outer foveation regions  152  may utilize a pixel resolution that is half the pixel resolution of the central foveation region  150  and, thus, the (e.g., full) pixel resolution of the display panel  38 . In other words, in such embodiments, each image pixel (e.g., image data corresponding with point in image) in the first set of outer foveation regions  152  may correspond with two display pixels (e.g., sets of one or more color component sub-pixels)  56  implemented on the display panel  38 . 
     Additionally, merely as an illustrative example, a second set of outer foveation regions  152  may include each outer foveation region  152  directly adjacent and outside the first set of outer foveation regions  152 . In other words, with regard to the depicted example, the second set of outer foveation regions  152  may include a fifth outer foveation region  152 E, a sixth outer foveation region  152 F, a seventh outer foveation region  152 G, an eighth outer foveation region  152 H, a ninth outer foveation region  152 I, a tenth outer foveation region  152 I, an eleventh outer foveation region  152 K, and a twelfth outer foveation region  152 L. Due to being located outside of the first set of outer foveation regions  152 , in some embodiments, each outer foveation region  152  in the second set of outer foveation regions  152  may utilize a pixel resolution that is half the pixel resolution of the first set of outer foveation regions  152  and, thus, a quarter of the pixel resolution of the central foveation region  150  and the display panel  38 . In other words, in such embodiments, each image pixel (e.g., image data corresponding with point in image) in the second set of outer foveation regions  152  may correspond with four display pixels (e.g., sets of one or more color component sub-pixels)  56  implemented on the display panel  38 . 
     Furthermore, merely as an illustrative example, a third set of outer foveation regions  152  may include each outer foveation region  152  directly adjacent and outside the second set of outer foveation regions  152 . In other words, with regard to the depicted example, the third set of outer foveation regions  152  may include a thirteenth outer foveation region  152 M, a fourteenth outer foveation region  152 N, a fifteenth outer foveation region  152 O, a sixteenth outer foveation region  152 P, a seventeenth outer foveation region  152 Q, an eighteenth outer foveation region  152 R, a nineteenth outer foveation region  152 S, and a twentieth outer foveation region  152 T. Due to being located outside of the second set of outer foveation regions  152 , in some embodiments, each outer foveation region  152  in the third set of outer foveation regions  152  may utilize a pixel resolution that is half the second set of outer foveation regions  152  and, thus, an eighth of the pixel resolution of the central foveation region  150  and the display panel  38 . In other words, in such embodiments, each image pixel (e.g., image data corresponding with point in image) in the third set of outer foveation regions  152  may correspond with eight display pixels (e.g., sets of one or more color component sub-pixels)  56  implemented on the display panel  38 . 
     Moreover, merely as an illustrative example, a fourth set of outer foveation regions  152  may include each outer foveation region  152  directly adjacent and outside the third set of outer foveation regions  152 . In other words, with regard to the depicted example, the second set of outer foveation regions  152  may include a twenty-first outer foveation region  152 U, a twenty-second outer foveation region  152 V, a twenty-third outer foveation region  152 W, and a twenty-fourth outer foveation region  152 X. Due to being located outside of the third set of outer foveation regions  152 , in some embodiments, each outer foveation region  152  in the fourth set of outer foveation regions  152  may utilize a pixel resolution that is half the pixel resolution of the third set of outer foveation regions  152  and, thus, a sixteenth of the pixel resolution of the central foveation region  150  and the display panel  38 . In other words, in such embodiments, each image pixel (e.g., image data corresponding with point in image) in the fourth set of outer foveation regions  152  may correspond with sixteen display pixels (e.g., sets of one or more color component sub-pixels)  56  implemented on the display panel  38 . 
     Returning to the image processing circuitry  27  of  FIG.  24   , as described above, the image processing circuitry  27  may process source image data  142  to determine display image data  147 , which may then be supplied to the electronic display  12  to display corresponding image content. As in the depicted example, in some embodiments, the image processing circuitry  27  may be organized into one or more image processing blocks (e.g., circuitry groups). For example, the image processing circuitry  27  may include an optical cross-talk compensation (OXTC) block  154 , which is implemented and/or operated to process image data to facilitate compensating for perceivable color shift resulting from optical cross-talk between different colored sub-pixels on the display panel  38 . As in the depicted example, to facilitate compensating for resulting color shift, the optical cross-talk compensation block  154  may include and/or utilize one or more optical cross-talk compensation (OXTC) factor maps  156 . 
     An example of optical cross-talk compensation factor map  156 A, which may be used by image processing circuitry  27  in an electronic device  10 , is shown in  FIG.  26   . As depicted, the optical cross-talk compensation factor map  156 A may explicitly identify one or more pixel positions  158  on a display panel  38 . In particular, the optical cross-talk compensation factor map  156 A may explicitly associate each identified pixel position  158  with one or more optical cross-talk compensation (OXTC) factors to be applied to image data corresponding with a display pixel  56  at the pixel position  158 . 
     In fact, to facilitate compensating for optical cross-talk between neighboring color component sub-pixels on the display panel  38 , in some embodiments, an optical cross-talk compensation factor map  156  may explicitly associate a pixel position  158  with a set of multiple optical cross-talk compensation factors. For example, the optical cross-talk compensation factors associated with a pixel position  158  may be indicated by a three-by-three matrix as follows: 
               [           F   R           F     R   ⁢   2   ⁢   G             F     R   ⁢   2   ⁢   B                 F     G   ⁢   2   ⁢   R             F   G           F     G   ⁢   2   ⁢   B                 F     B   ⁢   2   ⁢   R             F     B   ⁢   2   ⁢   G             F   B           ]               
in which FR is a red optical cross-talk compensation factor, F R2G  is a red-to-green optical cross-talk compensation factor, F R2B  is a red-to-blue optical cross-talk compensation factor, F G2R  is a green-to-red optical cross-talk compensation factor, F G  a green optical cross-talk compensation factor, F G2B  a green-to-blue optical cross-talk compensation factor, F B2R  is a blue-to-red optical cross-talk compensation factor, F B2G  is a blue-to-green optical cross-talk compensation factor, and FB a blue optical cross-talk compensation factor. In such embodiments, when input image data associated with the pixel position is received, the optical cross-talk compensation block  154  may apply each of the multiple optical cross-talk compensation factors to the input image data, for example, by multiplying the three-by-three matrix with a three-by-one matrix (e.g., vector) including red component input image data, green component input image data, and blue component input image data.
 
     Thus, in some embodiments, an optical cross-talk compensation factor may include a gain value, which when applied to image data, scales a target color component grayscale level indicated in the image data. Additionally or alternatively, an optical cross-talk compensation factor may include an offset value, which when applied to image data, biases a target color component grayscale level indicated in the image data. Furthermore, in some embodiments, an optical cross-talk compensation factor map  156  to be used by image processing circuitry  27  in an electronic device  10  may be stored in the electronic device  10 , for example, in main memory  20 , a storage device  22 , internal memory of the image processing circuitry  27 , and/or another tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable medium. 
     Thus, to facilitate conserving (e.g., optimizing) storage capacity of the electronic device  10 , as in the depicted example, the optical cross-talk compensation factor map  156 A may explicitly identify a subset of pixel positions  158  on the display panel  38 . In other words, in such embodiments, one or more pixel positions  158  and, thus, corresponding optical cross-talk compensation factors may not be explicitly identified in the optical cross-talk compensation factor map  156 A. In such embodiments, when input image data associated a pixel position  158  that is not explicitly identified in the optical cross-talk compensation factor map  156 A is received, the optical cross-talk compensation block  154  may determine one or more optical cross-talk compensation factors to be applied to the image data by interpolating factors associated with other pixel positions  158  explicitly identified in the optical cross-talk compensation factor map  156 , for example, using linear interpolation, bi-linear interpolation, spline interpolation, and/or the like. Merely as an illustrative example, the optical cross-talk compensation block  154  may determine a red optical cross-talk compensation factor by interpolating red optical cross-talk compensation factors explicitly indicated in the optical cross-talk compensation factor map  156 , a red-to-green optical cross-talk compensation factor by interpolating red-to-green optical cross-talk compensation factors explicitly indicated in the optical cross-talk compensation factor map  156 , and so on. 
     In other words, returning to the image processing circuitry  27  of  FIG.  24   , the optical cross-talk compensation block  154  may be a panel domain block  160  that operates using a panel (e.g., native) domain of the display panel  38 . That is, a panel domain block  160  in the image processing circuitry  27  may process image data using the pixel resolution of the display panel  38 . As in the depicted example, the panel domain blocks  160  may additionally include a dither block  162 , for example, which is implemented and/or operated to process image data to introduce structured noise in corresponding image content. 
     However, to facilitate improving processing efficiency, in some embodiments, the image processing circuitry  27  may additionally process image data at least in part in a foveated (e.g., grouped or compressed) domain, for example, used by the source image data  142 . In other words, as in the depicted example, the image processing circuitry  27  may include one or more foveated domain blocks  164  that operate using the foveated domain. For example, the foveated domain blocks  164  may include a white point compensation (WPC) block  166  and/or a chromatic aberration compensation (CAC) block  168  that processes image data using a pixel resolution lower than the (e.g., full) pixel resolution of the display panel  38 , which, at least in some instances, may facilitate reducing the amount of image data processed by the foveated domain blocks  164  and, thus, improving processing efficiency of the image processing circuitry  27 . 
     To facilitate interoperation between the foveated domain blocks  164  and the panel domain blocks  160 , as in the depicted example, the image processing circuitry  27  may include a domain conversion block (e.g., circuitry group)  170  coupled therebetween. In particular, the domain conversion block  170  may be implemented and/or operated to convert between the foveated (e.g., grouped and/or compressed) domain and the panel (e.g., native) domain of the display panel  38 . In other words, the domain conversion block  170  may convert image data between a pixel resolution used in a corresponding foveation region and the (e.g., full) pixel resolution of the display panel  38 . For example, when the pixel resolution used in a central foveation region  150  matches the pixel resolution of the display panel  38 , image data (e.g., image pixels) corresponding with the central foveation region  150  may pass through the domain conversion block  170  unchanged. 
     On the other hand, when the pixel resolution of an outer foveation region  152  is lower than the pixel resolution of the display panel  38 , the domain conversion block  170  may convert image data (e.g., image pixels) corresponding with the outer foveation region  152  from the lower pixel resolution to the pixel resolution of the display panel  38  at least in part by outputting multiple instances of the image data. For example, the domain conversion block  170  may convert image data corresponding with a first set of outer foveation regions  152 , which utilize a pixel resolution that is half the pixel resolution of the display panel  38 , to the panel domain by outputting two instances of the image data such that a first instance is associated with a first display pixel  56  and a second instance is associated with a second display pixel  56 . Additionally, the domain conversion block  170  may convert image data corresponding with a second set of outer foveation regions  152 , which utilize a pixel resolution that is a quarter of the pixel resolution of the display panel  38 , to the panel domain by outputting four instances of the image data. 
     Furthermore, the domain conversion block  170  may convert image data corresponding with a third set of outer foveation regions  152 , which utilize a pixel resolution that is an eighth of the pixel resolution of the display panel  38 , to the panel domain by outputting eight instances of the image data. Moreover, the domain conversion block  170  may convert image data corresponding with a fourth set of outer foveation regions  152 , which utilize a pixel resolution that is a sixteenth of the pixel resolution of the display panel  38 , to the panel domain by outputting sixteen instances of the image data. Since the source image data  142  may be received in the foveated domain, as in the depicted example, the foveated domain blocks  164  may be implemented upstream relative to the domain conversion block  170  and the domain conversion block  170  may be implemented upstream relative to the panel domain blocks  160 . 
     To help further illustrate, an example of a process  172  for implementing (e.g., manufacturing) image processing circuitry  27 , which may be deployed in an electronic device  10 , is described in  FIG.  27   . Generally, the process  172  includes implementing foveated domain image processing circuitry (process block  174 ) and implementing domain conversion circuitry downstream relative to the foveation domain image processing circuitry (process block  176 ). Additionally, the process  172  includes implementing panel domain image processing circuitry downstream relative to the domain conversion circuitry (process block  178 ). 
     Although described in a particular order, which represents a particular embodiment, it should be noted that the manufacturing process  172  may be performed in any suitable order. Additionally, embodiments of the manufacturing process  172  may omit process blocks and/or include additional process blocks. Moreover, in some embodiments, the manufacturing process  172  may be performed at least in part by a manufacturing system (e.g., one or more devices). 
     As described above, image processing circuitry  27  implemented in an electronic device  10  may include one or more foveated domain blocks (e.g., circuitry groups)  164 , which each operate using a pixel resolution of a foveated domain that is less than the pixel resolution of a display panel  38  used by the electronic device  10 . Thus, in some embodiments, implementing foveated domain image processing circuitry may include implementing one or more foveated domain blocks  164  in the image processing circuitry  27  (process block  174 ). For example, implementing the foveation domain image processing circuitry may include implementing a white point compensation (WPC) block  166  and/or a chromatic aberration compensation (CAC) block  168  in the image processing circuitry  27 . 
     Additionally, as described above, image processing circuitry  27  implemented in an electronic device  10  may include one or more panel domain blocks (e.g., circuitry groups)  160 , which each operate using a pixel resolution that matches the pixel resolution of a display panel  38  used by the electronic device  10 . Thus, in some embodiments, implementing panel domain image processing circuitry may include implementing one or more panel domain blocks  160  in the image processing circuitry  27  (process block  178 ). For example, implementing the panel domain image processing circuitry may include implementing an optical cross-talk compensation (OXTC) block  154  in the image process circuitry  27  (process block  180 ). 
     As described above, an optical cross-talk compensation block  154  may process image data using an optical cross-talk compensation (OXTC) factor map  156  to facilitate compensating for optical cross-talk between neighboring (e.g., differently colored) color component sub-pixels on a display panel  38  and, thus, resulting color shift. However, as described above, perceivability of color shift resulting from optical cross talk may vary with viewing characteristics, such as viewing (e.g., pupil or gaze) angle and/or viewing location (e.g., pupil offset from center and/or pupil relief). Accordingly, in some embodiments, implementing the optical cross-talk compensation block  154  may include calibrating an optical cross-talk compensation factor map  156  to be used by the optical cross-talk compensation block  154  (process block  182 ). 
     For example, in some embodiments, a single (e.g., static) optical cross-talk compensation factor map  156  may be calibrated to a display panel  38  to account for multiple different sets of viewing characteristics. To facilitate improving efficacy of optical cross-talk compensation, in other embodiments, the optical cross-talk compensation block  154  may include and/or have access to multiple candidate optical cross-talk compensation factor maps  156 , which are each calibrated for a different set of viewing characteristics. In other words, in such embodiments, the optical cross-talk compensation block  154  may select a different candidate optical cross-talk compensation factor maps as a target candidate optical cross-talk compensation factor map under different sets of viewing characteristics and, thus, adaptively adjust processing of input image data. 
     To help illustrate, an example of an optical cross-talk compensation block  154 A, which may be implemented (e.g., deployed) in image processing circuitry  27  of an electronic device  10 , is shown in  FIG.  28   . As depicted, the optical cross-talk compensation block  154 A receives input image data  184 . In some embodiments, the input image data  184  may be source image data  142  output from an image source  132 . In other embodiments, upstream image processing circuitry may process the source image data  142  and supply the input image data  184  to the optical cross-talk compensation block  154 . 
     Additionally, as in the depicted example, the optical cross-talk compensation block  154 A may process the input image data  184  to determine (e.g., generate) output image data  186 . In some embodiments, the output image data  186  may be display image data  147 , which will be supplied to an electronic display  12  to enable the electronic display  12  to display corresponding image content. In other embodiments, the output image data  186  may be supplied to downstream image processing circuitry  27 , such as a dither block  162 , for further processing to determine the display image data  147 . 
     As described above, image data may include color component image data indicative of target light emission magnitude of one or more specific color components. For example, the input image data  184  may include red component input image data  184 , blue component input image data  184 , green component input image data  184 , and/or white component input image data  184 . Accordingly, the output image data  186  determined by processing the input image data  184  may include red component output image data  186 , blue component output image data  186 , green component output image data  186 , and/or white component output image data  186 . 
     To determine the output image data  186 , the optical cross-talk compensation block  154 A may apply one or more target optical cross-talk compensation (OXTC) factors  188  to the input image data  184 . In particular, as in the depicted example, the optical cross-talk compensation block  154 A may include factor application circuitry  190  that receives the input image data  184  and applies the one or more target pixel uniformity compensation factors  188  to the input image data  184  to determine the output image data  186 . In some embodiments, different target pixel uniformity compensation factors  188  may be applied to different color components in the input image data  184 . 
     Merely as an illustrative example, the factor application circuitry  190  may apply a target red optical cross-talk compensation factor  188 , a target green-to-red optical cross-talk compensation factor  188 , and target blue-to-red optical cross-talk compensation factor  188  to red component input image data  184 . Additionally, the factor application circuitry  190  may apply a target red-to-green optical cross-talk compensation factor  188 , a target green optical cross-talk compensation factor  188 , and a target blue-to-green optical cross-talk compensation factor  188  to the green component input image data  184 . Furthermore, factor application circuitry  190  may apply a target red-to-blue optical cross-talk compensation factor  188 , a target green-to-blue optical cross-talk compensation factor  188 , and a target blue optical cross-talk compensation factor  188  to blue component input image data  184 . 
     Moreover, merely as an illustrative example, the factor application circuitry  190  may determine red component output image data  186  as a sum of a result of application of the target red optical cross-talk compensation factor  188  to the red component input image data  184 , a result of application of the target red-to-green optical cross-talk compensation factor  188  to the green component input image data  184 , and a result of application of the target red-to-blue optical cross-talk compensation factor  188  to blue component input image data  184 . Additionally, the factor application circuitry  190  may determine green component output image data  186  as a sum of a result of application of the target green-to-red optical cross-talk compensation factor  188  to the red component input image data  184 , a result of application of the target green optical cross-talk compensation factor  188  to the green component input image data  184 , and a result of application of the target green-to-blue optical cross-talk compensation factor  188  to blue component input image data  184 . Furthermore, the factor application circuitry  190  may determine blue component output image data  186  as a sum of a result of application of the target blue-to-red optical cross-talk compensation factor  188  to the red component input image data  184 , a result of application of the target blue-to-green optical cross-talk compensation factor  188  to the green component input image data  184 , and a result of application of the target blue optical cross-talk compensation factor  188  to blue component input image data  184   
     As described above, optical cross-talk compensation factors to be applied to image data may be indicated via an optical cross-talk compensation factor map  156 , which explicitly associates each of one or more pixel positions on a display panel  38  to one or more optical cross-talk compensation factors to be applied to image data corresponding with a display pixel  56  at the pixel position. Additionally, as described above, perceivability of color shift resulting from optical cross-talk may vary with viewing characteristics with which the display panel  38  is viewed. To facilitate adaptively adjusting optical cross-talk compensation applied to input image data  184 , as in the depicted example, the optical cross-talk compensation block  154 A may include and/or have access to multiple candidate optical cross-talk compensation (OXTC) factor maps  192  from which a target optical cross-talk compensation (OXTC) factor map  194  may be determined (e.g., selected and/or identified). 
     In some embodiments, each of the candidate optical cross-talk compensation factor maps  192  may be associated with a different set of viewing characteristics, which each include a viewing angle and/or a viewing location. For example, a first candidate optical cross-talk compensation factor map  192 A may be associated with a first set of viewing characteristics, an Mth candidate optical cross-talk compensation factor map  192 M may be associated with an Mth set of viewing characteristics, and so on. To facilitate selecting the target optical cross-talk compensation factor map  194  from the candidate optical cross-talk compensation factor maps  192 , as in the depicted example, the optical cross-talk compensation block  154 A may include selection circuitry  196 , which receives one or more viewing characteristic parameters indicative of viewing characteristics with which a display panel  38  is expected to be viewed, for example, from an eye tracking sensor  134 . In this manner, the selection circuitry  196  may identify (e.g., select) a candidate optical cross-talk compensation factor map  192  associated with a set of viewing characteristics indicated by the viewing characteristic parameters  198  as the target optical cross-talk compensation factor map  194 . 
     Additionally, in some embodiments, an optical cross-talk compensation factor map  156 , such as a candidate optical cross-talk compensation factor map  192  and a target optical cross-talk compensation factor map  194 , used by the optical cross-talk compensation block  154 A may explicitly associate each pixel position  158  on a display panel  38  with corresponding candidate optical cross-talk compensation factor  202 . In other words, in such embodiments, the selection circuitry  196  may select a candidate optical cross-talk compensation factor  202 , which is explicitly associated with a pixel position  158  corresponding to the input image data  184  in the target optical cross-talk compensation factor map  194 , as a target optical cross-talk compensation factor  188  to be applied to the input image data  184 . 
     As such, to facilitate determining a target optical cross-talk compensation factor  188  to be applied to the input image data  184 , as in the depicted example, the selection circuitry  196  may determine (e.g., receive) a pixel position parameter  200  indicative of a pixel position of a display pixel  56  corresponding with the input image data  184 . In some embodiments, a frame of image content may be written to display pixels  56  and, thus, processed in raster order. Accordingly, in such embodiments, image processing circuitry  27  (e.g., optical cross-talk compensation block  154 ) may additionally or alternatively determine the pixel position corresponding with the input image data  184  based at least in part on its processing order relative to other image data in the same frame, for example, in view of pixel dimensions of the display panel  38  that will be used to display the image content. 
     However, as described above, in some embodiments, optical cross-talk compensation factor maps  156  may be stored in the electronic device  10 , for example, in main memory  20 , a storage device  22 , and/or internal memory of the image processing circuitry  27 . As such, to facilitate conserving (e.g., optimizing) storage capacity of the electronic device  10 , in some embodiments, the optical cross-talk compensation factor maps  156  may each be implemented to explicitly associate a subset of pixel positions  158  on a display panel  38  to corresponding optical cross-talk compensation factors. In other words, in such embodiments, target optical cross-talk compensation factors  188  may not be explicitly defined for one or more pixel positions  158  on the display panel  38 . Thus, in such embodiments, when a pixel position  158  corresponding with the input image data  184  is not explicitly identified in the target optical cross-talk compensation factor map  194 , the selection circuitry  196  may determine a target optical cross-talk compensation factor  188  to be applied to the input image data  184  by interpolating candidate optical cross-talk compensation factors  202  associated with pixel positions  158  explicitly identified in the target optical cross-talk compensation factor map  194 , for example, using a linear interpolation, a bi-linear interpolation, a spline interpolation, and/or the like. 
     Merely as an illustrative example, the selection circuitry  196  may determine a target red optical cross-talk compensation factor  188  by interpolating candidate red optical cross-talk compensation factors  202  explicitly indicated in the target optical cross-talk compensation factor map  194 , a target red-to-blue cross-talk compensation factor  188  by interpolating candidate red-to-blue optical cross-talk compensation factors  202  explicitly indicated in the target optical cross-talk compensation factor map  194 , and/or a target red-to-green optical cross-talk compensation factor  188  by interpolating candidate red-to-green optical cross-talk compensation factors  202  explicitly indicated in the target optical cross-talk compensation factor map  194 . Additionally, the selection circuitry  196  may determine a target green-to-red optical cross-talk compensation factor  188  by interpolating candidate green-to-red optical cross-talk compensation factors  202  explicitly indicated in the target optical cross-talk compensation factor map  194 , a target green optical cross-talk compensation factor  188  by interpolating candidate green optical cross-talk compensation factors  202  explicitly indicated in the target optical cross-talk compensation factor map  194 , and/or a target green-to-blue optical cross-talk compensation factor  188  by interpolating candidate green-to-blue optical cross-talk compensation factors  202  explicitly indicated in the target optical cross-talk compensation factor map  194 . Furthermore, the selection circuitry  196  may determine a target blue-to-red optical cross-talk compensation factor  188  by interpolating candidate blue-to-red optical cross-talk compensation factors  202  explicitly indicated in the target optical cross-talk compensation factor map  194 , a target blue-to-green optical cross-talk compensation factor  188  by interpolating candidate blue-to-green optical cross-talk compensation factors  202  explicitly indicated in the target optical cross-talk compensation factor map  194 , and/or a target blue optical cross-talk compensation factor  188  by interpolating candidate blue optical cross-talk compensation factors  202  explicitly indicated in the target optical cross-talk compensation factor map  194 . 
     As described above, the factor application circuitry  190  may then apply one or more target optical cross-talk compensation factors  188  to the input image data  184 , thereby processing the input image data  184  to determine (e.g., generate) output image data  186 . Additionally, as described above, processing the input image data  184  in this manner may enable different optical cross-talk compensation factors to be applied at different pixel positions  158  and/or to different color components, which, at least in some instances may facilitate compensating (e.g., correcting and/or offsetting) for variations in perceivability of color shift user different sets of viewing characteristics. In other words, implementing an optical cross-talk compensation block  154  in this manner may enable the optical cross-talk compensation block  154  to adaptively adjust processing to account for different sets of viewing characteristics, which, at least in some instances, may facilitate reducing perceivability of color shift resulting from optical cross-talk between neighboring color component sub-pixels on a display panel  38  and, thus, improving perceived image quality provided by the display panel  38 . 
     To help further illustrate, an example of a process  204  for operating an optical cross-talk compensation block (e.g., circuitry group)  154 , which may be implemented in image processing circuitry  27  of an electronic device  10 , is described in  FIG.  29   . Generally, the process  204  includes determining input image data (process block  206 ), determining viewing characteristics with which a display panel is expected to be viewed (process block  208 ), and determining a target optical cross-talk compensation factor map based on the expected viewing characteristics (process block  210 ). Additionally, the process  204  includes determining a pixel position associated with the input image data (process block  212 ), determining a target optical cross-talk compensation factor corresponding with the pixel position based on the target optical cross-talk compensation factor map (process block  214 ), and determining output image data by applying the target optical cross-talk compensation factor to the input image data (process block  216 ). 
     Although described in a particular order, which represents a particular embodiment, it should be noted that the process  204  may be performed in any suitable order. Additionally, embodiments of the process  204  may omit process blocks and/or include additional process blocks. Moreover, in some embodiments, the process  204  may be implemented at least in part by circuit connections formed (e.g., programmed) in image processing circuitry  27 . Additionally or alternatively, the process  204  may be implemented at least in part by executing instructions stored in a tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable medium, such as controller memory  140 , using processing circuitry, such as a controller processor  138 . 
     Accordingly, in some embodiments, a controller  136  may instruct image processing circuitry  27  implemented in an electronic device  10  to determine input image data  184 , which is to be supplied to an optical cross-talk compensation block  154  implemented therein (process block  206 ). As described above, in some embodiments, the input image data  184  may be source image data  142  and, thus, output and/or received from an image source  132 . In other embodiments, upstream image processing circuitry  27  may process the source image data  142  to determine the input image data  184  supplied to the optical cross-talk compensation block  154 . 
     Additionally, the optical cross-talk compensation block  154  may determine a set of viewing characteristics with which a display panel  38  used by the electronic device  10  is expected to be viewed (process block  208 ). As described above, in some embodiments, a set of viewing characteristics may include a viewing (e.g., pupil or gaze) angle and/or a viewing location (e.g., pupil offset from center and/or pupil relief). Thus, in some embodiments, determining the set of viewing characteristics may include determining a viewing angle with which the display panel  38  is expected to be viewed (process block  218 ). Additionally or alternatively, determining the set of viewing characteristics may include determining a viewing location with which the display panel  38  is expected to be viewed (process block  220 ). 
     As described above, in some embodiments, the optical cross-talk compensation block  154  may receive one or more viewing characteristic parameters  198  indicative of a set of viewing characteristics with which display panel  38  is expected to be viewed, for example, from an eye tracking sensor  134 . For example, the viewing characteristic parameters  198  may indicate a horizontal (e.g., x-direction) offset of pupil position from a default (e.g., forward facing) pupil position and a vertical (e.g., y-direction) offset of pupil position from the default pupil position and, thus, may be indicative of expected viewing angle. Additionally or alternatively, the viewing characteristic parameters  198  may include a pupil relief (e.g., distance from pupil to display panel) and, thus, may be indicative of expected viewing location. 
     Furthermore, in some embodiments, one or more viewing characteristic parameters  198  may be updated for each image frame  148 . In other words, in such embodiments, the viewing characteristic parameters  198  may be indicative of a set of viewing characteristics with which image content corresponding with the input image data  184  is expected to be viewed. In other embodiments, the viewing characteristic parameters  198  may be updated at a rate slower than a refresh (e.g., frame) rate of the display panel  38 . For example, an eye tracking camera may determine viewing characteristic parameters  198  when a (e.g., virtual-reality and/or mixed-reality) headset  10 E is initially put on by a user  34  and periodically update the viewing characteristic parameters  198  every one hundred image frames  148 . In other words, in such embodiments, the viewing characteristic parameters  198  may be indicative of a set of viewing characteristics with which a pervious image frame  148  is expected to be viewed. 
     Based on the set of expected viewing characteristics, the optical cross-talk compensation block  154  may determine a target optical cross-talk compensation factor map  194  (process block  210 ). As described above, in some embodiments, the optical cross-talk compensation block  154  may include and/or have access to multiple candidate optical cross-talk compensation factor maps  192 , which are each calibrated for a different set of viewing characteristics. Thus, in such embodiments, the optical cross-talk compensation block  154  may select (e.g., identify) a candidate optical cross-talk compensation factor map  192  associated with the set of expected viewing characteristics as the target optical cross-talk compensation factor map  194 . 
     Additionally, the optical cross-talk compensation block  154  may determine (e.g., identify) a pixel position of a display pixel  56  on the display panel  38  that will be used to display image content corresponding with the input image data  184  (process block  212 ). As described above, in some embodiments, a frame of image content may be written to display pixels  56  and, thus, processed in raster order. Accordingly, in some such embodiments, the optical cross-talk compensation block  154  may determine the pixel position corresponding with the input image data  184  based at least in part on its processing order relative to other image data in the same frame, for example, in view of pixel dimensions of the display panel  38  that will be used to display the image content. Additionally or alternatively, as described above, the optical cross-talk compensation block  154  may receive a pixel position parameter  200 , which identifies a pixel position associated with the input image data  184 . 
     Based at least in part on the pixel position  158  and the target optical cross-talk compensation factor map  194 , the optical cross-talk compensation block  154  may determine one or more target optical cross-talk compensation factors  188  to be applied to the input image data  184  (process block  214 ). As described above, in some embodiments, the target optical cross-talk compensation factors  188  corresponding with a pixel position  158  may include a target red optical cross-talk compensation factor  188 , a target red-to-blue cross-talk compensation factor  188 , a target red-to-green optical cross-talk compensation factor  188 , a target green-to-red optical cross-talk compensation factor  188 , a target green optical cross-talk compensation factor  188  a target green-to-blue optical cross-talk compensation factor  188 , a target blue-to-red optical cross-talk compensation factor  188 , a target blue-to-green optical cross-talk compensation factor  188 , a target blue optical cross-talk compensation factor  188 , or any combination thereof. When the pixel position corresponding with the input image data  184  is included in the target optical cross-talk compensation factor map  194 , the optical cross-talk compensation block  154  may identify each candidate optical cross-talk compensation factor  202  explicitly associated with the pixel position as a target optical cross-talk compensation factor  188  (process block  222 ). 
     However, as described above, in some embodiments, an optical cross-talk compensation factor map  156 , such as the target optical cross-talk compensation factor map  194 , used by the optical cross-talk compensation block  154 A may explicitly associate a subset of pixel positions  158  on the display panel  38  to corresponding optical cross-talk compensation factors. In other words, in such embodiments, target optical cross-talk compensation factors  188  may not be explicitly defined for one or more pixel position  158  on the display panel  38 . Thus, in such embodiments, when the pixel position  158  corresponding with the input image data  184  is not explicitly identified in the target optical cross-talk compensation factor map  194 , the optical cross-talk compensation factor may determine a target optical cross-talk compensation factor  188  to be applied to the input image data  184  by interpolating candidate optical cross-talk compensation factors  202  associated with other pixel positions  158  explicitly identified in the target optical cross-talk compensation factor map  194 , for example, using linear interpolation, bi-linear interpolation, spline interpolation, and/or the like (process block  224 ). For example, the optical cross-talk compensation block  154  may determine a target red optical cross-talk compensation factor  188  by interpolating candidate red optical cross-talk compensation factors  202  explicitly indicated in the target optical cross-talk compensation factor map  194 , a target red-to-green optical cross-talk compensation factor  188  by interpolating candidate red-to-green optical cross-talk compensation factors  202  explicitly indicated in the target optical cross-talk compensation factor map  194 , and so on. 
     The optical cross-talk compensation block  154  may then apply one or more target optical cross-talk compensation factors  188  to the input image data  184  to determine output image data  186  (process block  216 ). For example, in some embodiments, the optical cross-talk compensation block  154  may determine the output image data  186  by applying a three-by-three matrix of target optical cross-talk compensation factors  188  to a three-by-one matrix (e.g., vector) of red component input image data  184 , green component input image data  184 , and blue component input image data  184 . In other words, in such embodiments, the optical cross-talk compensation block  154  may determine red component output image data  186  as a sum of a result of application of the target red optical cross-talk compensation factor  188  to the red component input image data  184 , a result of application of the target red-to-green optical cross-talk compensation factor  188  to the green component input image data  184 , and a result of application of the target red-to-blue optical cross-talk compensation factor  188  to blue component input image data  184 . Additionally, the optical cross-talk compensation block  154  may determine green component output image data  186  as a sum of a result of application of the target green-to-red optical cross-talk compensation factor  188  to the red component input image data  184 , a result of application of the target green optical cross-talk compensation factor  188  to the green component input image data  184 , and a result of application of the target green-to-blue optical cross-talk compensation factor  188  to blue component input image data  184 . Furthermore, the optical cross-talk compensation block  154  may determine blue component output image data  186  as a sum of a result of application of the target blue-to-red optical cross-talk compensation factor  188  to the red component input image data  184 , a result of application of the target blue-to-green optical cross-talk compensation factor  188  to the green component input image data  184 , and a result of application of the target blue optical cross-talk compensation factor  188  to blue component input image data  184 . 
     As described above, in some embodiments, the output image data  186  may be display image data  147 , which is supplied to an electronic display  12  to enable the electronic display  12  to display corresponding image content on its display panel  38 . In other embodiments, the output image data  186  may be further processed by downstream image processing circuitry  27  to determine the display image data  147 , for example, by at least in part by burn-in compensation (BIC) block and/or a dither block  162 . In this manner, the techniques described in the present disclosure may enable an electronic device to adaptively adjust optical cross-talk compensation applied to image data, which, at least in some instances, may facilitate reducing perceivability and/or likelihood of color shift resulting from optical cross-talk occurring in display image content and, thus, improving perceived image quality of the displayed image content. 
     The specific embodiments described above have been shown by way of example, and it should be understood that these embodiments may be susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms. It should be further understood that the claims are not intended to be limited to the particular forms disclosed, but rather to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. 
     It is well understood that the use of personally identifiable information should follow privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining the privacy of users. In particular, personally identifiable information data should be managed and handled so as to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of authorized use should be clearly indicated to users.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20200826
Publication Date: 20231121
Grant Date: 20231121
Priority Date: 20190926
Inventors: CAI, SHENGCHANG
DORJGOTOV, ENKHAMGALAN
WANG, CHAOHAO
ZHANG, SHENG
CARBONE, GIOVANNI
STAMENOV, Igor
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H10F39/8063", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10F39/8053", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10F39/807", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10F39/8057", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01L27/14623", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/2051", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/3406", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/3607", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01L27/1463", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01L27/14621", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01L27/14627", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10K50/858", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10K59/38", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/2044", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/028", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/0209", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/0242", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/0285", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/0693", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/3413", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/3426", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/2003", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/0209", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/0242", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/028", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/147", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/0693", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/2044", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G5/026", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10K59/38", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10K2102/351", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/2044", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/2051", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/0209", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/028", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/0285", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/0693", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10K50/858", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10K59/38", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/3607", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/0242", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/3406", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10K59/879", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 75161705