PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-7805464-B2
Application Number: US-52337806-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Web viewer setup dialog and grammar for generating web addresses

Abstract:
A setup dialog for a web viewer dynamically changes to reflect parameters needed to generate a web address. The setup dialog can include a list box containing websites for which website templates are available for assisting the user in generating web addresses. The list box can also include an option to generate a custom web address without using a website template. An extensible grammar is provided for generating custom website templates.

Claims:
1. A computer-implemented method for building a web address, comprising:
 presenting a setup dialog in a single window on a display device, the setup dialog having a website listing area, a parameter edit area, and a web address edit area; 
 displaying in the website listing area a list of websites, each of the websites having a corresponding website Uniform Resource Locator (URL) template for building a web address expression for a web address for the website within the setup dialog; 
 receiving a first input through the setup dialog in the website listing area, the first input specifying a website from the list of websites; 
 automatically determining a list of parameters of the web address for the website based on the corresponding website URL template of the website; 
 presenting the list of parameters in the setup dialog in the parameter edit area; 
 for each parameter presented in the parameter edit area, generating a corresponding parameter edit input for the parameter; 
 receiving a second input through the setup dialog in a parameter edit input for a first parameter, the second input specifying a value for the first parameter; and 
 building the web address expression dynamically in the web address edit area, the web address expression including the first parameter set to the specified value. 
 
   
   
     2. The method of  claim 1 , where receiving the second input specifying a value further comprises:
 specifying the value to be a database record field that includes literals for building one or more corresponding web addresses from the web address expression; and 
 wherein the web address expression is an expression from which a plurality of web addresses for the web address can be generated, each of the web addresses having the first parameter equal to a corresponding literal in the database record field. 
 
   
   
     3. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 presenting instructions in the setup dialog for building the web address expression. 
 
   
   
     4. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 presenting information in the setup dialog indicating if the parameter is required or optional for the web address that is generated from the web address expression. 
 
   
   
     5. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 presenting a static portion of the web address in the web address expression in the web address edit area of the setup dialog. 
 
   
   
     6. The method of  claim 1 , where presenting the setup dialog further comprises:
 defining a web viewer object in a database layout; 
 presenting the website URL template of the corresponding website to the web viewer object; and 
 presenting the setup dialog after the web viewer object is defined with the list of parameters for the website based on the corresponding website URL template of the website presented in the parameter edit area. 
 
   
   
     7. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 providing the setup dialog localized to a specific language. 
 
   
   
     8. The method of  claim 1 , where presenting the parameter in the setup dialog further comprises:
 presenting the list of parameters in the setup dialog in accordance with grammar associated with the website URL template, the grammar associated with the website URL template including:
 a website URL template tag structure that contains the website URL template; and 
 a URL element tag structure that specifies one of a literal string or a parameter for a common gateway interface associated with the web address. 
 
 
   
   
     9. A computer-readable hardware storage medium having instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform operations for building a web address, the operations comprising:
 presenting a setup dialog in a single window on a display device, the setup dialog having a website listing area, a parameter edit area, and a web address edit area; 
 displaying in the website listing area a list of websites, each of the websites having a corresponding website Uniform Resource Locator (URL) template for building a web address expression for a web address for the website within the setup dialog; 
 receiving a first input through the setup dialog in the website listing area, the first input specifying a website from the list of websites; 
 automatically determining a list of parameters of the web address for the website based on the corresponding website URL template of the website; 
 presenting the list of parameters in the setup dialog in the parameter edit area; for each parameter presented in the parameter edit area, generating a corresponding parameter edit input for the parameter; 
 receiving a second input through the setup dialog in a parameter edit input for a first parameter, the second input specifying a value for the first parameter; and 
 building the web address expression dynamically in the web address edit area, the web address expression including the first parameter set to the specified value. 
 
   
   
     10. The computer-readable storage medium of  claim 9 , where receiving the second input specifying a value further comprises:
 specifying the value to be a database record field that includes one or more literals for building one or more corresponding web addresses from the web address expression; and 
 wherein the web address expression is an expression from which a plurality of web addresses for the web address can be generated, each of the web addresses having the first parameter equal to a corresponding literal in the database record field. 
 
   
   
     11. The computer-readable storage medium of  claim 9 , the operations further comprising:
 presenting instructions in the setup dialog for building the web address expression. 
 
   
   
     12. The computer-readable storage medium of  claim 9 , the operations further comprising:
 presenting information in the setup dialog indicating if the parameter is required or optional for the web address that is generated from the web address expression. 
 
   
   
     13. The computer-readable storage medium of  claim 9 , the operations further comprising:
 presenting a static portion of the web address in the web address expression in the web address edit area of the setup dialog. 
 
   
   
     14. The computer-readable storage medium of  claim 9 , where presenting the setup dialog further comprises:
 defining a web viewer object in a database layout; 
 presenting the website URL template of the corresponding website to the web viewer object; and 
 presenting the setup dialog after the web viewer object is defined with the list of parameters for the website based on the corresponding website URL template of the website presented in the parameter edit area. 
 
   
   
     15. The computer-readable storage medium of  claim 9 , the operations further comprising:
 providing the setup dialog localized to a specific language. 
 
   
   
     16. The computer-readable storage medium of  claim 9 , where presenting the parameter in the setup dialog further comprises:
 presenting the list of parameters in the setup dialog in accordance with grammar associated with the website URL template, the grammar associated with the website URL template including:
 a website URL template tag structure that contains the website URL template; and 
 a URL element tag structure that specifies one of a literal string or a parameter for a common gateway interface associated with the web address. 
 
 
   
   
     17. A system, comprising:
 a display device; 
 a processor; and 
 a computer readable hardware storage medium storing instructions executable by the processor and upon such execution cause the processor to perform operations for building a web address, the operations comprising: 
 presenting a setup dialog in a single window on a display device, the setup dialog having a website listing area, a parameter edit area, and a web address edit area; 
 displaying in the website listing area a list of websites, each of the websites having a corresponding website Uniform Resource Locator (URL) template for building a web address expression for a web address for the website within the setup dialog; 
 receiving a first input through the setup dialog in the website listing area, the first input specifying a website from the list of websites; 
 automatically determining a list of parameters of the web address for the website based on the corresponding website URL template of the website; 
 presenting the list of parameters in the setup dialog in the parameter edit area; 
 for each parameter presented in the parameter edit area, generating a corresponding parameter edit input for the parameter; 
 receiving a second input through the setup dialog in a parameter edit input for a first parameter, the second input specifying a value for the first parameter; and 
 building the web address expression dynamically in the web address edit area, the web address expression including the first parameter set to the specified value. 
 
   
   
     18. The system of  claim 17 , wherein:
 the value is a database record field that includes one or more literals for building one or more corresponding web addresses from the web address expression; 
 the web address expression is an expression from which a plurality of web addresses for the web address can be generated, each of the web addresses having the first parameter equal to a corresponding literal in the database record field; and 
 the list of parameters are presented in the setup dialog in accordance with grammar associated with the website URL template stored in the computer readable medium hardware, the grammar associated with the website template including:
 a website URL template tag structure that contains the website URL template; and 
 a URL element tag structure that specifies one of a literal string or a parameter for a common gateway interface associated with the web address.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
   The subject matter of this patent application is generally related to user interfaces for computer applications. 
   BACKGROUND 
   Many websites build dynamic web pages based on parameters embedded in a dynamic web address, which is also referred to as a dynamic Uniform Resource Locator (URL). These parameters are included in the URL to retrieve desired information (e.g., stock quotes, catalog items). Some examples of websites that build dynamic web pages include but are not limited to: Google™ Search, Yahoo!® Finance Stock Lookup, Google™ Maps, FedEx® Tracker, Amazon®, etc. 
   Building a dynamic URL is typically a manual process performed by sophisticated computer programmers, and may require the programmer to define calculated expressions for building the URLs. Unfortunately, defining calculated expressions for building dynamic URLs can be a daunting process for average users. 
   SUMMARY 
   A setup dialog for a web viewer dynamically changes to reflect parameters needed to generate a web address. The setup dialog can include a list box containing websites for which website templates are available for assisting the user in generating web addresses. The list box can also include an option to generate a custom web address without using a website template. An extensible grammar is provided for generating custom website templates. 
   In some implementations, a method includes: presenting a setup dialog; receiving a first input through the setup dialog, the first input specifying a website for which a website template is available for building a web address for the website; determining a parameter of the web address based on the website template; presenting the parameter in the setup dialog; receiving a second input through the setup dialog, the second input specifying a value for the parameter; and generating the web address with the specified value. 
   Other implementations of a web viewer setup dialog and grammar for generating web addresses are disclosed, including implementations directed to systems, methods, apparatuses, computer-readable mediums and user interfaces. 

   
     DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  illustrates an implementation of a web viewer setup dialog. 
       FIG. 2   a  illustrates an implementation of a web viewer setup dialog with a website template for a map website selected. 
       FIG. 2   b  is the web viewer setup dialog of  FIG. 2   a , including user interface elements for displaying instructions. 
       FIG. 2   c  is the web viewer setup dialog of  FIG. 2   a , including the specification of a database record field for a first web address parameter. 
       FIG. 2   d  is the web viewer setup dialog of  FIG. 2   a , including the specification of a database record field for a second web address parameter and a fixed value for a third web address parameter. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates an implementation of a web viewer setup dialog with a custom web address option selected. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates an implementation of a web viewer setup dialog that can be invoked by a script. 
       FIG. 5  is a flow diagram of an implementation of a web viewer setup dialog process. 
       FIG. 6  is a block diagram of an implementation of a user system architecture for hosting a database development tool that includes a web viewer setup dialog. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
   User Interface Descriptions 
     FIG. 1  illustrates an implementation of a web viewer setup dialog  100 . A web viewer is generally a browser that is integrated with another application, such as a database development tool (e.g., FileMaker®). Generally, the web viewer provides a user interface with various controls for allowing users to access websites and view web page content. In some implementations, the setup dialog  100  can be presented when a user defines a web viewer object on a layout. The setup dialog  100  allows users to specify a URL for a web viewer object and populate URL parameters with values, conditions, record fields and/or expressions. 
   Many useful websites are “data-driven” in that they generate dynamic web pages based on one or more parameters embedded in a URL supplied by a requester. URLs generally include a “URL stem” which is a constant or static part of the URL that is typically located at the beginning of a string. For example, a URL stem for a map website could be in the form of www.map.com/maps/map.adp?. 
   The values of the parameters in typical dynamic URLs are the result of text typed into web-forms creating a specific unique URL. Examples of URL parameters include but are not limited to: an address for a map website, a stock symbol for a stock lookup, a catalog number for a bookstore website, etc. In database development applications, users can specify their own parameters, such as field values from a database record. The parameters can be identified in the URL by using a parameter identifier string. A parameter identifier string can be any constant string in the URL that identifies a specific parameter. For example, the value of a street address parameter in a mapping website setup dialog can be prefaced with the constant string &amp;address=, where the &amp;address part is the parameter identifier string. 
   Referring to  FIG. 1 , in some implementations the setup dialog  100  includes a list box  102 , a web address edit box  104 , one or more parameter edit boxes  106 , specify field or calculation dialog buttons  108  corresponding to the parameter edit boxes  106 , control check boxes  110  and  112 , a specify calculation dialog button  114 , a parameter name label  116  and a required/optional label  118 . The list box  102  includes a list of websites for which a website template is available. Each website template is associated with a website in the list box  102  and provides a starting point for building a URL for the website. In the example shown, the list box  102  includes a FileMaker® technical information website, a search website, a finance stock lookup website, a package tracking website, a map website and a language translation website. These websites are examples; other websites are possible with corresponding templates. Each of these websites can be accessed by a dynamic URL that includes one or more parameters that can be supplied by users requesting access to the website. For example, the map website URL can include parameters for street address, city, state/province and ZIP/postal code, as described with reference to  FIG. 2   a.    
   In some implementations, the list box  102  also includes a custom web address option, which allows a user to construct a custom URL, as described with reference to  FIG. 3 . The selection of websites presented in list box  102  and presentation order can be determined by the order in which the website templates are listed in a website template file, as described with reference to Table I. For example, in the source that defines the templates, specifying the template for Search before the template for Financial Stock lookup will result in that same order in the list box  102  displayed to the user. 
     FIG. 1  illustrates a setup dialog “schematic” in that it shows the various components of a generic setup dialog before a website is selected from the list box  102 . There can be explanatory text at the top of the setup dialog  100  that instructs the user on how to interact with the setup dialog  100 . In this implementation, the check box  110  controls how the user will interact with the resulting web page (not shown) that is displayed. If checked, the web page will be interactive similar to how it would be in a web browser. For example, any links embedded in the web page will be active. In this implementation, there are five parameter edit boxes  106 , each of which is associated with a specify field dialog button  108 . More or fewer parameter edit boxes  106  can be presented based on the number of parameters specified in the template for the corresponding website. Each parameter edit box  106  also has a label  116  for naming the parameter and a label  118  for indicating whether the parameter is required or optional for the URL. The labels  116 ,  118  can be localized to a specific language (e.g., English, Spanish). 
   For database development tool applications, the setup dialog  100  can be initially presented to the user when the web viewer is first defined in a layout. In some implementations, the number of parameter edit boxes that can be displayed are stored in a website template file. If only two parameters are needed for a URL, then only two parameter edit boxes  106  need be presented. Any controls (e.g., controls  106 ,  108 ,  116 ,  118 ) that are included in a given website template can be enabled when the website is selected. 
     FIG. 2   a  illustrates an implementation of a web viewer setup dialog  200  with a map website template selected. The setup dialog  200  includes a list box  202  containing websites for which website templates are available, and parameter edit boxes  206  (specified in the map website template) for street address, city, state/province and ZIP/postal. When the user interacts with the list box  202  (e.g., a mouse over), text, images or other content can be displayed in the setup dialog  200 , as shown in  FIG. 2   b . As shown in  FIG. 2   b , a display pane  216  is presented when the user hovers a mouse (or other pointing device) over a website name in the list box  202  that presents context-sensitive information about that website. A drop-down menu  218  or other user interface element (e.g., a help balloon) can be presented when the button  218  is activated by a user. 
   In some implementations, when the user selects a new website from the list box  202 , the previous contents of the web address edit box  204  (if any) are discarded and replaced with a “template” for the calculated expression  212  for the website URL. The template calculation expression  212  can include a stem plus other elements of the template, such as string literals and parameters marked “alwaysPresent” (see Table I). Any values, expressions or fields entered in the parameter edit boxes  206  are added to the calculated expression  212  to build the map website URL. As the user fills the parameter edit boxes  206  the entries appear in the web address edit box  204  as part of the calculated expression  212 , thus allowing-the user to see the URL being built. The user can manually edit the “under construction” URL in the web address edit box  204 . If a website template is used to build a URL, then that template can be persistent to the web viewer object on the database layout, so that if the setup dialog  200  is closed and re-opened, the originally selected website template is re-selected, provided the calculated expression  212  for the website URL is not changed significantly by the user. 
   In the example shown, the web address edit box  204  contains a calculated expression and not an actual URL that a user could paste into a browser. As the calculated expression is built, its individual parts are concatenated with an operator, which in this example is the FileMaker® concatenation operator, “&amp;.” Other choices for concatenation operators are possible. 
   In some implementations, a click on a website in the list box  202  (other than “Custom Web Address”) will clear the web address edit box  204  and insert a template for the calculated expression  212  for the currently selected website. In general, the web address edit box contains a “master copy” of the calculated expression  212  desired by the user. For example, when the setup dialog  200  is re-opened, the calculated expression  212  is presented in the web address edit box  204  first, and the list box  202  and parameter edit boxes  206  derive their values from the calculated expression  212  in the web address edit box  204 . That is, the parameters of the URL can be dynamically derived from the calculated expression  212  in the web address edit box  204  and presented in the corresponding parameter edit boxes  206 . For example, when an expression is typed by a user in the web address edit box  204 , the parameters of the expression are continuously parsed and extracted, allowing the parameters to be reflected in real time in the parameter edit boxes  206 . Conversely, as a user types in the parameter boxes  206 , the web address edit box  204  is populated with parameters in real time. 
   In some implementations, the calculated expression  212  is broken down into its component pieces (e.g., the stem and the parameters (label, value)). The calculated expression  212  is transformed into polish prefix notation represented as an expression tree. The list of parameters used in the calculated expression  212  are then determined from the top level branches of the expression tree. The order of the parameters in the expression tree are matched to counterpart parameters in an XML definition stored in an XML file (see Table I). The values from the matching parameters from the expression tree are then placed within the corresponding edit boxes  206  in the setup dialog  200 . When the user clicks the OK button in the setup dialog  200 , the calculated expression  212  in the web address edit box  204  is saved. 
     FIG. 2   c  is the web viewer setup dialog  200  of  FIG. 2   a , including the specification of a database record field for a first web address parameter. In the example shown, the user has selected the maps website. In response to selection of the maps website the setup dialog  200  reflects the parameters associated with the maps website URL. The user clicks the button  208  to choose whether to enter a specify calculation dialog or a specify field dialog. If the user chooses the specify field dialog, the user enters a specify field dialog and is presented with a list of fields in the database. In the example shown, the user selects a “Contacts::street_address” field  222  from the specify field dialog. In response to the selection, a parameter string “&amp;address=” and the “Contacts::street_address” field  222  are concatenated to the calculated expression  220  using the concatenation operator “&amp;”. The calculated expression  220  in web address edit box  204  now has the form 
   
     
       
         
             
             
           
             
                 
                 
             
           
          
             
                 
               http://www.map.com/maps.adp?&amp;”country=US” 
             
             
                 
               &amp; ”&amp;address=”&amp; Contacts::street_address. 
             
             
                 
                 
             
          
         
       
     
   
     FIG. 2   d  is the web viewer setup dialog of  FIG. 2   a , including the specification of a database record field for a second web address parameter. The user selects the “Contacts::city” field  224  from a specify field dialog associated with the “City” URL parameter. In the example shown, the specify field dialog can be invoked by clicking the button  228 . In response to the website selection, a corresponding parameter identifier string “&amp;city=” and the “Contacts::city” field  224  are concatenated to the calculated expression  226  in the web address edit box  204  using the “&amp;” concatenation operator. In addition, the user has entered the literal “CA” to the “State/Province” parameter edit box  206 , which is also concatenated to the calculated expression  226 , which now has the form 
   
     
       
         
             
             
           
             
                 
                 
             
           
          
             
                 
               http://www.map.com/maps.adp?&amp;”country=US” 
             
             
                 
               &amp;”&amp;address=”&amp; Contacts::street_address 
             
             
                 
               &amp; ”&amp;city=”&amp; Contacts::city 
             
             
                 
               &amp; ”&amp;state=”&amp; ”CA”. 
             
             
                 
                 
             
          
         
       
     
   
   Note that when the text entry cursor/focus is moved from the State/Province parameter edit box  206 , the text “CA” within the parameter edit box  206  is automatically quoted and included in the calculated expression  226 . 
   Custom Web Address 
     FIG. 3  is an implementation of a web viewer setup dialog  300  with a custom web address option selected. The custom web address allows users to enter a calculated expression into the web address edit box  302  without working within a website template. When the user selects the “Custom Web Address” option from the list box  302 , the user can build a custom calculated expression in the web address edit box  304  using custom parameters. The values in the expression can be literals, record fields, calculated expressions, etc. Note that for this option, the parameter edit boxes and associated labels and menu controls are hidden and the current calculated expression, if any, is presented in the web address edit box  304 . If the user explicitly selected “Custom Web Address” in the list box  302 , the selection can be remembered between setup dialog sessions, so that even if a custom calculation expression matches a particular website template, the “Custom Web Address” will be selected instead when the setup dialog is re-opened. 
     FIG. 4  is an implementation of a web viewer setup dialog  400  that can be invoked by a script (e.g., a FileMaker® ScriptMaker® script). In some implementations, the setup dialog  400  can be invoked from a step in a script. For example, as part of a script a user may desire to display website content. For “data-driven” websites, a URL may need to be built for this purpose. In the example shown, the setup dialog  400  includes parameter edit boxes  406  that the user can specify values for either through a specify field dialog or by entering values, conditions or calculated expressions in the parameter edit boxes  406 . 
   Web Viewer Setup Dialog Process 
     FIG. 5  is a flow diagram of an implementation of a web viewer setup dialog process  500 . The process  500  begins by the user defining a web viewer object in a layout ( 502 ). For example, with some database development tools, a user can place a web viewer control on a layout. The database designer can use a web viewer tool (e.g., presented in a Layout mode of FileMaker() and a mouse to draw out a bounding box in the layout. The bounding box defines the boundaries of the web viewer object in the layout. Step  502  is specific to a database development tool and may be omitted for other applications. 
   When the user places the web viewer object in the layout, the web viewer setup dialog is presented ( 504 ). The setup dialog includes a list box of websites for which website templates are available for building the website URL. The list box also includes a custom web address option. The user chooses a desired website or a custom web address option from the list box ( 506 ). If a website is chosen, the process  500  determines the number of possible parameters that the website needs to build its URL ( 508 ). The user chooses a record field value from a specify field dialog and/or directly enter a value, field or calculated expression (which may include using a static string) in a parameter edit box for each parameter ( 510 ). If the user is not using a website template, then the user can type a calculated expression directly into a web address edit box using, for example, a keyboard or other suitable input device. Otherwise, the user can click a button to open a specify calculation dialog, where a calculated expression for the URL is constructed ( 512 ). When the specify calculation dialog button is clicked, a dialog is presented that provides tools for building complex custom calculations from scratch, or tools for modifying a pre-generated calculated expression in a more structured way. 
   URL Encoding 
   URLs follow standard rules. One of these rules addresses what constitutes a “valid” URL. Valid URLs typically require a protocol, such as the convention “http://.” Another more general URL rule dictates how to represent certain parts of a URL using “special characters” and what kind of characters must be “encoded” when used as data. This scheme is referred to as “URL Encoding.” 
   Web browsers will sometimes make assumptions or break conventions of what can be typed into a Web Site address box. However, because a Web Viewer control may not be a full featured Web browser, and due to the myriad of possibilities that an application&#39;s calculation engine can provide, the text used for a URL for a web viewer should conform to specific rules. This is especially true, because for many solutions the URLs will vary from record to record. 
   Any Web Viewer object has an associated calculation formula, whose result will be used as a URL. Since the final result of the calculation could be inconsistent across records, in order for the web viewer and the underlying OS components to work properly the data should conform to two conventions. First, the final result of the calculation should form valid URLs, especially in the case of providing a protocol. Second, since the URL ultimately should be “URL Encoded,” and the web viewer automatically encodes the calculation result, the calculation formula should provide text that is not encoded. For example, if your web viewer is based on a field called “web_server_address,” with contents like “www.filemaker.com”, the first convention requires that the calculation include a protocol: 
   “http://” &amp; tablenamehere::web_server_address. 
   For worldwide interoperability, URLs should be encoded uniformly. To map the wide range of characters used worldwide into about 60 or more allowed characters in a URL, a two-step process can be used. First, the “encodable” characters can be converted into a sequence of bytes using, for example, UTF-8 encoding. Second, each UTF-8 byte can be converted into a three-character sequence, like % HH, where HH is a hexadecimal value of the byte. In some implementations, a web viewer can determine which characters are “encodable” based on the following rules:
         Rule 1: The following characters will not be automatically encoded:   ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz012345 6789-_.˜!*( );:(@=+$,/?[ ]   Rule 2: If the character is an ampersand (&amp;), it will be encoded only if a space follows it. (e.g., “&amp;” will be encoded, but “&amp;x” will not).   Rule 3: If the character is a pound sign (#), it will be encoded only if a number (0..9) character follows it.   Rule 4: Both backslash \and percent sign % will be encoded.   Rule 5: Any other character not mentioned in Rules 1-4 will be encoded.       

   The rules described above can be applied across multiple computing platforms (e.g., Mac® OS X and Windows® platforms). On a Windows® platform, a given “file://” URL can bypass the web viewer automatic encoding method described above and the text can be provided to the OS web component without encoding. 
   URL Grammar 
   In some implementations, it may be desirable to create custom website templates that can be accessed through a setup dialog. A URL grammar can be used for this purpose. For consistency, each website template can include a set of basic specifications. For example, each website template can have a title, explanatory text describing the website, a method for specifying static and dynamic syntax of the URL. In addition, each parameter of a URL can have a name, a status label to indicate whether the parameter is required or optional, and any other desired specification, such as whether the parameter should always be present in the URL. In some implementations, one or more sub-parameters (hereinafter also referred to as “virtual parameters”) can also be included in the URL grammar. Other features can be added or removed from the specification of a website template, as desired. 
   The URL grammar can be implemented in any suitable language. For the implementation described below, Extensible Markup Language (XML) is used to implement the URL grammar (hereinafter also referred to as “XML grammar”). XML grammar can be stored in an XML file where it can be retrieved and used to configure a setup dialog in a web viewer. 
   Ideally, the grammar is concise and in some implementations can take the form of
         [header]
           [single website url template #1]   [single website url template #2]   [single website url template #3]   
               

   In some implementations, three element tags are defined for a website URL template as follows:
         1. &lt;WebsiteURLTemplate&gt; contains the entire template for a single website&#39;s URL.   2. &lt;URLElement&gt; specifies a specific part of the website URL, either a literal string or a parameter for the URL&#39;s common gateway interface (CGI). For this implementation, the &lt;URLElement&gt; tag has attributes for type, label, dialog display information, and for specifying how the parameter is found in F the URL. The tag also has contents that are specific to the type of URLElement, including allowing for one level of URLVirtualParameters.   3. &lt;URLVirtualParameter&gt; enables a template to represent several parameters in a setup dialog as a single parameter for a CGI. These virtual parameters can be combined together later as one parameter in the actual URL. This tag would have attributes for label and description but no content attribute.       

   The functionality of each of these tags is summarized in Table I below. 
   
     
       
         
             
           
             
               TABLE I 
             
           
          
             
                 
             
             
               Examples of Element Tags and Attributes 
             
          
         
         
             
             
             
             
          
             
               Element Tag Name 
               Element Value 
               Attribute Names 
               Attribute Values 
             
             
                 
             
             
               &lt;WebsiteURLTemplateList&gt; 
               (content is a single 
                 
               The document container tag. 
             
             
                 
               level list of 
             
             
                 
               WebsiteURL 
             
             
                 
               Templates) 
             
             
               &lt;WebsiteURLTemplate...&gt; 
               (content is all of the 
             
             
                 
               URLElements, in order 
             
             
                 
               of assembly 
             
             
                 
               &lt;WebsiteURLTemplateList&gt; 
             
             
                 
                &lt;WebsiteURLTemplate...&gt; 
             
             
                 
                 ... 
             
             
                 
                 
               Name 
               “website X” if missing, ignore 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               template. 
             
             
                 
                 
               Description 
               “Website X is a web service 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               offering...” 
             
             
                 
                 
               baseURL 
               http://www.websitex.com/... 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               If missing, ignore template 
             
             
                 
                 
               parameterIndicator 
               “=” indicates what separates a 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               parameter name from its value 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               in a name/value pair (e.g., 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               “price = 123”) 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               If “=” is missing, “=” is assumed. 
             
             
                 
                 
               parameterSeparator 
               “&amp;” indicates what separates 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               name/value pairs (the whole 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               parameter), e.g., 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               “price=123&amp;location=santaclara” 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               If “&amp;” is missing, “&amp;” is 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               assumed. 
             
             
               &lt;URLElement...&gt; 
               (Content: 
                 
               (This element only resides as 
             
             
                 
               type=Literal, content is 
                 
               content within a 
             
             
                 
               static text concatenated 
                 
               WebsiteURLTemplate.) 
             
             
                 
               alongside other 
             
             
                 
               URLElements; 
             
             
                 
               type=Parameter, 
             
             
                 
               content is reserved and 
             
             
                 
               currently ignored; 
             
             
                 
               type=Virtual, content 
             
             
                 
               is a list of sub- 
             
             
                 
               parameters 
             
             
                 
               (URLVirtualParameter) 
             
             
                 
               in the dialog to be 
             
             
                 
               treated as a single 
             
             
                 
               parameter in the final 
             
             
                 
               resolved URL sent to 
             
             
                 
               the browser.) 
             
             
                 
               &lt;WebsiteURLTemplateList&gt; 
             
             
                 
                &lt;WebsiteURLTemplate...&gt; 
             
             
                 
                 &lt;URLElement..&gt; 
             
             
                 
                  ... 
             
             
                 
                 
               type 
               “Literal” - this part of the url is 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               unchanging static text within the 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               url 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               “Parameter” - this part of the Url 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               is a parameter for the cgi, shown 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               with its own edit box in the 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               dialog. Most cgi&#39;s will have 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               individual parameters. 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               “Virtual” - this part of the url is 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               a single parameter for the cgi, 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               but the dialog must display it in 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               pieces as if they were separate 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               parameters. “Virtual”s should 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               only be used when the cgi 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               expects more than one kind of 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               value in a single parameter. 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               If missing, assumes Literal. 
             
             
                 
                 
               label 
               Label representing the Name for 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               the parameter edit in the dialog 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               (e.g., “Location Address)- 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               ignored for ”Literal“ and 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               “Virtual”elements. This text 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               should be in the appropriate 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               language in the file, properly 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               encoded. 
             
             
                 
                 
               userHint 
               A supplementary informational 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               label associated with the 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               parameter edit as a “hint” to the 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               user. Usually this will be 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               something like “Required” or 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               “Optional”, but it could be any 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               small phrase. This text should 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               be in the appropriate language 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               in the file, properly encoded. 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               Unused if “Virtual”. 
             
             
                 
                 
               description 
               Help information for the 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               parameter. Unused if “Virtual” 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               or “Literal.” 
             
             
                 
                 
               parameterIdentifier 
               “q” - What defines this 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               parameter in the final URL (used 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               for both parsing and creating the 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               final calculation formula). This 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               is needed for both “Parameter” 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               and “Virtual” elements. 
             
             
                 
                 
               alwaysPresent 
               “true” (in all languages) - The 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               Identifier is always included in 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               the calcs and final URLs even if 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               the parameter&#39;s value is still 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               empty. 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               “False” (in all languages) - The 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               identifier is not included in the 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               calculations and final URLs even 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               if the parameter&#39;s value is still 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               empty. 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               If missing, assumes “True.” 
             
             
                 
                 
               virtualSeparator 
               For “Virtual” elements this 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               defines the text placed in 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               between each 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               URLVirtualParameter when the 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               URL is assembled for the 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               browser. It can be empty. Only 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               used for “Virtual” elements. 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               If missing, assumes “,”[comma]. 
             
             
               &lt;URLVirtualParameter&gt; 
               (content is reserved 
                 
               (This node only resides within 
             
             
                 
               and is currently 
                 
               the content of a URLElement of 
             
             
                 
               ignored) 
                 
               type “Virtual”) 
             
             
                 
               &lt;WebsiteURLTemplateList&gt; 
             
             
                 
                &lt;WebsiteURLTemplate...&gt; 
             
             
                 
                 &lt;URLElement...&gt; 
             
             
                 
                  &lt;URLVirtualParameter...&gt; 
             
             
                 
                 
               label 
               “Address” 
             
             
                 
                 
               description 
               Help information for the 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               parameter. 
             
             
                 
                 
               userHint 
               A supplementary informational 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               label associated with the 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               parameter edit as a “hint” to the 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               user. Usually this will be 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               something like “Required” or 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               “Optional”, but it could be any 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               small phrase. This text should 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               be in the appropriate language 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               in the file, properly encoded. 
             
             
                 
             
          
         
       
     
   
   Referring to Table I, the element tag name &lt;WebsiteURLTemplateList&gt; is a document container tag. The content for this tag is a single level list of website templates having tag names &lt;WebsiteURLTemplate . . . &gt;. The content of a given &lt;WebsiteURLTemplate . . . &gt; are its URL elements having tag names &lt;URLElements . . . &gt;, which are listed in order of assembly. The grammar described above is represented by the framework 
   
     
       
         
             
             
           
             
                 
                 
             
           
          
             
                 
               &lt;WebsiteURLTemplateList&gt; 
             
             
                 
                 &lt;WebsiteURLTemplate...&gt; 
             
             
                 
                   ... 
             
             
                 
                   &lt;URL Element...&gt; 
             
             
                 
                     ... 
             
             
                 
                 
             
          
         
       
     
   
   In some implementations, each website template having a tag name &lt;WebsiteURLTemplate . . . &gt; can include the following attributes: name, description, baseURL, parameterlndicator and parameterSeparator. 
   A value for the name attribute can be the name of the website corresponding to the website template. If no value is assigned to the name attribute, then the website template can be ignored and not displayed in the setup dialog. 
   The value for the description attribute can be a string describing the website or providing any other desired information. 
   A value of “=” for the attribute parameterindicator indicates what separates a name from its value in a name/value pair (the whole parameter). For example, “price=123”. If “=” is missing then “=” can be assumed. 
   A value of “&amp;” for the attribute parameterseparator indicates what separates name/value pairs (the whole parameter). For example, “price=123&amp;locatiom=santaclara”. If “&amp;” is missing then “&amp;” can be assumed. 
   The &lt;URLElement&gt; tag can reside as content within a &lt;WebsiteURLTemplate&gt;. In some implementations, the attributes for this tag can include: type, label, userHint, description, parameterIdentifier, alwaysPresent, virtualSeparator. 
   For this example, there can be three types of elements: Literal, Parameter and Virtual. A Literal element is the part of the URL that is unchanging static text within the URL. A Parameter element is a parameter for the CGI for the URL, which is shown in the setup dialog with its own edit box. Note that most CGIs will have individual parameters. A Virtual element is the part of the URL that is a single parameter for the CGI, but the setup dialog will display it in parts as if the single parameter was multiple parameters. Note that Virtual elements will typically be used when the CGI expects more than one kind of value in a single parameter. If a value is missing for the type attribute, then a Literal element can be presumed. 
   The label attribute can represent the name for the parameter displayed in the setup dialog (e.g., label  116 ). This attribute can be ignored for Literal and Virtual elements. The text for this label should be in the appropriate language and properly encoded. 
   The userHint attribute provides a supplementary information label in the setup dialog which is associated with a parameter to provide a “hint” to a user. Examples are the panes  216 ,  218 , shown in  FIG. 2B . The userHint can indicate whether the parameter is required or optional, or it can be a phrase providing information or instructions to the user. 
   The description attribute provides information for a parameter and is unused for Literal and Virtual elements. If a help dialog (e.g., “ToolTips” in FileMaker®) is available, then the attribute can be used with the help dialog. 
   The parameteridentifier attribute defines the parameter in the final URL (i.e., the parameter name in the URL should immediately follow, and be separated by other parameters, by a “&amp;” character in the final URL). This attribute can be used with Parameter and Virtual elements. 
   The alwaysPresent attribute can be a Boolean operator that is set to “True” if the parameteridentifier is always included in the calculated expression and final URLs even if the parameter&#39;s value is still empty. It can be set to “False” if the parameterndentifier is not included in the calculated expression and final URL even if the parameter&#39;s value is still empty. 
   For Virtual elements, the virtualseparator defines the text placed between each &lt;URLVirtualParameter&gt; when the URL is assembled for the web viewer. It can be empty. This attribute is used for Virtual elements. If it is missing, a “,” [comma] can be assumed. 
   In some implementations, the &lt;URLVirtualParameter&gt; element tag can include three attributes: label, description and userHint. The label provides a label for a sub-parameter displayed in the setup dialog. The description attribute provides help information for the sub-parameter, and can be used with a help dialog. The userHint attribute provides supplementary information associated with the parameter. Examples are the panes  216 ,  218 , shown in  FIG. 2B . The userHint can indicate whether the parameter is required or optional, or it can be a phrase providing information or instructions to the user. 
   The grammar described above provides a framework for developing custom templates. If the grammar is followed, users can create custom templates and be assured that they will be operable in the web viewer. The grammar can be extended or reduced as necessary to accommodate a variety of URL grammars. 
   User System Architecture 
     FIG. 6  is a block diagram of an implementation of a user system architecture  600  for hosting a database development tool that includes a web viewer setup dialog. Other architectures are possible, including architectures with more or fewer components. 
   In some implementations, the user system architecture  600  includes one or more processors  602  (e.g., dual-core Intel® Xeon® Processors), a display device  604  (e.g., an LCD), a network interface  606  (e.g., a Ethernet, USB, Firewire®), one or more control devices  608  (e.g., mouse, keyboard) and one or more computer-readable mediums  510  (e.g., RAM, ROM, SDRAM, hard disk, optical disk, flash memory, SAN, etc.). These components can exchange communications and data over one or more buses  612  (e.g., EISA/ISA, PCI, PCI-Express) for facilitating the transfer of data and control signals between the components and subsystems of the architecture  600 . 
   The term “computer-readable medium” refers to any medium that participates in providing instructions to a processor  602  for execution, including without limitation, non-volatile media (e.g., optical or magnetic disks), volatile media (e.g., memory) and transmission media. Transmission media includes, without limitation, coaxial cables, copper wire and fiber optics. Transmission media can also take the form of acoustic, light or radio frequency waves. 
   The computer-readable medium  610  further includes an operating system  614  (e.g., Mac OS®, Windows® XP, Linux® OS), a network communication module  616  and a database development tool  618  (e.g., FileMaker®). The operating system  614  can be multi-user, multiprocessing, multitasking, multithreading, real time, etc. The operating system  614  performs basic tasks, including but not limited to: recognizing input from the control devices  608  and providing output to the display device  604 ; keeping track and managing files and directories on computer-readable mediums  610  (e.g., memory or a storage device); controlling peripheral devices (e.g., printers, external storage devices); and managing traffic on the one or more buses  612 . The network communications module  616  includes various components for establishing and maintaining network connections with network devices (e.g., software for implementing communication protocols, such as TCP/IP, HTTP, wireless protocols, etc.). 
   The database management tool  618  includes web viewer files  620  for creating a web viewer object in a layout for allowing users to have access to websites from within a database. The web viewer files  602  include code for generating a web viewer setup dialog  622  and one or more web site templates  624 . The web viewer setup dialog  622  and the website templates were described with reference to  FIGS. 1-5 . In addition to default website templates, the user can create custom website templates using the URL grammar described with reference to Table I. The database development tool  618  can include multiple software components or it can be a single body of code. 
   Various modifications may be made to the disclosed implementations and still be within the scope of the following claims.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20060918
Publication Date: 20100928
Grant Date: 20100928
Priority Date: 20060918
Inventors: MCKEE DAVID
LLOYD TOM
WELSHOFER JOHN LORIN
CRIM CHRISTOPHER
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H04L61/30", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F16/9566", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L61/30", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F16/9566", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 39189908