PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-11003289-B1
Application Number: US-201916563798-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B1

Title: Flexible touch sensor panel

Abstract:
Flexible touch sensor panels can be implemented on a strap of a wearable device. A flexible touch sensor panel can provide an additional touch sensitive surface for a user to activate functions on the wearable device without covering a touch screen of the wearable device. In some examples, the flexible touch sensor panels can include electrode connectors configured to electrically couple touch electrodes of the flexible touch sensor panel. In some examples, the electrode connectors can have a serpentine routing pattern configured to allow the touch electrodes to move closer together or farther apart while maintaining electrical coupling between the touch electrodes. In some examples, the touch electrodes can have gaps configured to allow light to pass through the gaps. In some examples, an LED panel can be formed below or one or more waveguide layers can be formed above the flexible touch sensor panel.

Claims:
The invention claimed is: 
     
       1. A touch sensor panel comprising:
 a plurality of touch electrodes, including a first touch electrode, a second touch electrode, and a third touch electrode adjacent to the first touch electrode; and 
 a first electrode connector electrically coupling the first touch electrode and the second touch electrode and not the third touch electrode, wherein a shape of the first electrode connector is configured to allow the first touch electrode and the second touch electrode to move closer together and farther away from each other while maintaining the electrical coupling between the first touch electrode and the second touch electrode, wherein a first portion of the first electrode connector at least partially extends into a space between the first touch electrode and the third touch electrode, including a first section of the first portion that extends in a first direction and a second section of the first portion that extends in a second direction, opposite of the first direction. 
 
     
     
       2. The touch sensor panel of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the touch sensor panel is flexible. 
 
     
     
       3. The touch sensor panel of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the plurality of touch electrodes include a first set of touch electrodes arranged in a row and a second set of touch electrodes arranged in a column. 
 
     
     
       4. The touch sensor panel of  claim 3 , wherein:
 each touch electrode of the first set of touch electrodes arranged in a row are electrically coupled to an adjacent touch electrode of the first set of touch electrodes via one or more respective electrode connectors, wherein the shape of the one or more respective electrode connectors is configured to allow a respective touch electrode and the adjacent touch electrode to move closer together and farther away from each other while maintaining the electrical coupling between the respective touch electrode and the adjacent touch electrode; and 
 each touch electrode of the second set of touch electrodes arranged in a column are electrically coupled to an adjacent touch electrode of the second set of touch electrodes via one or more given electrode connectors, wherein the shape of the one or more given electrode connectors is configured to allow a given touch electrode and the adjacent touch electrode to move closer together and farther away from each other while maintaining the electrical coupling between the given touch electrode and the adjacent touch electrode. 
 
     
     
       5. The touch sensor panel of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the plurality of touch electrodes is configured to measure a capacitance between adjacent touch electrodes. 
 
     
     
       6. The touch sensor panel of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the shape of the first electrode connector includes a second section of the first electrode connector that routes diagonally away from the first touch electrode coupled to a third section of the first electrode connector that routes diagonally towards the first touch electrode. 
 
     
     
       7. The touch sensor panel of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the shape of the first electrode connector includes a second section of the first electrode connector that routes diagonally away from the second touch electrode coupled to a third section of the first electrode connector that routes diagonally towards the second touch electrode. 
 
     
     
       8. The touch sensor panel of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the shape of the first electrode connector includes a second section, coupled to the first touch electrode, that routes parallel to an edge of the first touch electrode. 
 
     
     
       9. The touch sensor panel of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the shape of the first electrode connector includes a second section, coupled to the second touch electrode, that routes parallel to an edge of the second touch electrode. 
 
     
     
       10. The touch sensor panel of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the shape of the first electrode connector includes a second section that routes across a fourth touch electrode without electrically coupling with the fourth touch electrode. 
 
     
     
       11. The touch sensor panel of  claim 10 , wherein:
 the second section of the first electrode connector that routes across the fourth touch electrode is routed in a layer of the touch sensor panel different from a layer in which the fourth touch electrode is formed. 
 
     
     
       12. The touch sensor panel of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 a second electrode connector electrically coupling the first touch electrode and the second touch electrode in parallel with the first electrode connector, wherein a shape of the second electrode connector is configured to allow the first touch electrode and the second touch electrode to move closer together and farther away from each other while maintaining the electrical coupling between the first touch electrode and the second touch electrode. 
 
     
     
       13. The touch sensor panel of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the touch sensor panel comprises a plurality of layers; 
 the plurality of touch electrodes are patterned on a first layer of the plurality of layers; and 
 at least a portion of the first electrode connector is patterned on a second layer, different from the first layer, of the plurality of layers. 
 
     
     
       14. The touch sensor panel of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the touch sensor panel comprises a plurality of layers; 
 the plurality of touch electrodes are patterned on a first layer of the plurality of layers; and 
 at least a portion of the first electrode connector is patterned on the first layer of the plurality of layers. 
 
     
     
       15. A device comprising:
 the touch sensor panel of  claim 1 ; and 
 an LED panel, including a plurality of LEDs, formed below the touch sensor panel. 
 
     
     
       16. The touch sensor panel of  claim 1 , wherein:
 one or more touch electrodes of the plurality of touch electrodes include a gap configured to allow light to pass through the gap. 
 
     
     
       17. The touch sensor panel of  claim 16 , wherein:
 the shape of the first electrode connector is further configured to route across one of the one of more touch electrodes within an area of the one of the one or more touch electrodes without blocking the gap in the one of the one or more touch electrodes. 
 
     
     
       18. A device comprising:
 the touch sensor panel of  claim 1 ; and 
 one or more waveguide layers formed above the touch sensor panel, wherein the waveguide layers include one or more etches configured to refract light. 
 
     
     
       19. The touch sensor panel of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the plurality of touch electrodes includes a first set of touch electrodes arranged in a row and a second set of touch electrodes arranged in a column; and 
 wherein:
 a first set of electrode connectors electrically couples the first set of touch electrodes and comprises a first serpentine routing pattern including traversing the gaps between the plurality of electrodes; and 
 a second set of electrodes connectors electrically couples the second set of touch electrodes and comprises a second serpentine routing pattern, different from the first serpentine routing pattern, including at least partially traversing the gaps between the plurality of electrodes and routing across at least one touch electrode of the first set of touch electrodes. 
 
 
     
     
       20. The touch sensor panel of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the touch sensor panel is formed within a flexible material. 
 
     
     
       21. The touch sensor panel of  claim 20 , wherein:
 the flexible material forms at least a part of a strap of a wearable device. 
 
     
     
       22. A touch sensor panel comprising:
 a plurality of individually-addressable touch electrodes, including a first touch electrode electrically coupled to a first electrical connector configured to be coupled to sense circuitry, a second touch electrode electrically coupled to a second electrical connector configured to be coupled to sense circuitry, and a third touch electrode adjacent to the first touch electrode; and 
 a first mechanical electrode connector mechanically coupling the first touch electrode and the second touch electrode and not the third touch electrode, wherein a shape of the first mechanical electrode connector is configured to allow the first touch electrode and the second touch electrode to move towards and farther away from each other while maintaining the mechanical coupling between the first touch electrode and the second touch electrode, wherein a first portion of the first electrode connector at least partially extends into a space between the first touch electrode and the third touch electrode, including a first section of the first portion that extends in a first direction and a second section of the first portion that extends in a second direction, opposite of the first direction. 
 
     
     
       23. The touch sensor panel of  claim 22 , wherein:
 the shape of the first mechanical electrode connector includes:
 a third section, mechanically coupled to the first touch electrode, that routes parallel to an edge of the first touch electrode and diagonally away from the second touch electrode; 
 a fourth section, mechanically coupled to the third section, that routes parallel to the edge of the first touch electrode and diagonally towards the second touch electrode; 
 
 a fifth section, mechanically coupled to the fourth section, that routes parallel to an edge of the second electrode and diagonally away from the first touch electrode; and 
 a sixth section, mechanically coupled to the fifth section and the second touch electrode, that routes parallel to the edge of the second electrode and diagonally towards the first touch electrode. 
 
     
     
       24. The touch sensor panel of  claim 22 , wherein:
 the plurality of individually-addressable touch electrodes includes a first set of touch electrodes arranged in a row and a second set of touch electrodes arranged in a column; 
 wherein:
 a first set of electrode connectors mechanically couples the first set of touch electrodes and comprises a first serpentine routing pattern including traversing the gaps between the plurality of electrodes; and 
 a second set of electrodes connectors mechanically couples the second set of touch electrodes and comprises a second serpentine routing pattern, different from the first serpentine routing pattern, including at least partially traversing the gaps between the plurality of electrodes and routing across at least one touch electrode of the first set of touch electrodes. 
 
 
     
     
       25. A method of fabricating a touch sensor panel comprising:
 forming a plurality of touch electrodes, including a first touch electrode, a second touch electrode, and a third touch electrode adjacent to the first touch electrode; and 
 forming a first electrode connector electrically coupling the first touch electrode and the second touch electrode and not the third touch electrode, wherein a shape of the first electrode connector is configured to allow the first touch electrode and the second touch electrode to move closer together and farther away from each other while maintaining the electrical coupling between the first touch electrode and the second touch electrode, wherein a first portion of the first electrode connector at least partially extends into a space between the first touch electrode and the third touch electrode, including a first section of the first portion that extends in a first direction and a second section of the first portion that extends in a second direction, opposite of the first direction.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims the benefit under 35 USC 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/735,751, filed Sep. 24, 2018 the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     This relates generally to touch sensor panels, and more particularly to touch sensor panels having touch electrodes and electrode connectors configured to allow the electrodes to flexibly move while maintaining electrical coupling. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     Many types of input devices are presently available for performing operations in a computing system, such as buttons or keys, mice, trackballs, joysticks, touch sensor panels, touch screens and the like. Touch screens, in particular, are popular because of their ease and versatility of operation as well as their declining price. Touch screens can include a touch sensor panel, which can be a clear panel with a touch-sensitive surface, and a display device such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), light emitting diode (LED) display or organic light emitting diode (OLED) display that can be positioned partially or fully behind the panel so that the touch-sensitive surface can cover at least a portion of the viewable area of the display device. Touch screens can allow a user to perform various functions by touching the touch sensor panel using a finger, stylus or other object at a location often dictated by a user interface (UI) being displayed by the display device. In general, touch screens can recognize a touch and the position of the touch on the touch sensor panel, and the computing system can then interpret the touch in accordance with the display appearing at the time of the touch, and thereafter can perform one or more actions based on the touch. In the case of some touch sensing systems, a physical touch on the display is not needed to detect a touch. For example, in some capacitive-type touch sensing systems, fringing electrical fields used to detect touch can extend beyond the surface of the display, and objects approaching near the surface may be detected near the surface without actually touching the surface. 
     Capacitive touch sensor panels can be formed by a matrix of partially or fully transparent or non-transparent conductive plates (e.g., touch electrodes) made of materials such as Indium Tin Oxide (ITO). In some examples, the conductive plates can be formed from other materials including conductive polymers, metal mesh, graphene, nanowires (e.g., silver nanowires) or nanotubes (e.g., carbon nanotubes). It is due in part to their substantial transparency that some capacitive touch sensor panels can be overlaid on a display to form a touch screen, as described above. Some touch screens can be formed by at least partially integrating touch sensing circuitry into a display pixel stackup (i.e., the stacked material layers forming the display pixels). 
     SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     Examples of the disclosure are directed to various flexible touch sensor panel architectures in which electrode connectors that couple respective touch electrodes can be patterned in a shape which allows the respective electrodes to flexibly move towards or away from each other while maintaining the electrical coupling between the respective electrodes. In some examples, the electrode connectors can be in the same layer or in different layers as the touch electrodes. In some examples, the touch electrodes can have a gap in the electrode to allow light to pass through (e.g., in the case of a touch sensor panel overlaid on a display). In some examples, an LED array can be layered below the touch sensor panel. In some examples, a waveguide can be layered above the touch sensor panel. The disclosed flexible touch sensor panel designs can improve the flexibility of the touch sensor panels. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  illustrates an example system in which flexible touch sensor panels according to examples of the disclosure may be implemented. 
         FIG. 2  is a block diagram of an example computing system that illustrates one implementation of an example touch screen according to examples of the disclosure. 
         FIGS. 3A-3B  illustrate exemplary touch sensor circuits according to examples of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 4  illustrates touch sensor panel with drive lines and sense lines arranged in rows and columns, respectively, according to examples of the disclosure. 
         FIGS. 5A-5C  illustrate exemplary flexible touch sensor panels including flexible electrode connectors according to examples of the disclosure. 
         FIGS. 6A-6D  illustrate example material of exemplary flexible touch sensor panels according to examples of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 7  illustrates an exemplary touch sensor panel including flexible electrode connectors according to examples of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 8  illustrates an exemplary device including a flexible touch sensor panel and an LED panel according to examples of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 9  illustrates an exemplary device including a flexible touch sensor panel and waveguide layers according to examples of the disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the following description of examples, reference is made to the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof, and in which it is shown by way of illustration specific examples that can be practiced. It is to be understood that other examples can be used and structural changes can be made without departing from the scope of the disclosed examples. 
     Examples of the disclosure are directed to various flexible touch sensor panel architectures in which electrode connectors that couple respective touch electrodes can be patterned in a shape which allows the respective electrodes to flexibly move towards or away from each other while maintaining the electrical coupling between the respective electrodes. In some examples, the electrode connectors can be in the same layer or in different layers as the touch electrodes. In some examples, the touch electrodes can have a gap in the electrode to allow light to pass through (e.g., in the case of a touch sensor panel overlaid on a display). In some examples, an LED array can be layered below the touch sensor panel. In some examples, a waveguide can be layered above the touch sensor panel. The disclosed flexible touch sensor panel designs can improve the flexibility of the touch sensor panels. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates an example system in which flexible touch sensor panels according to examples of the disclosure may be implemented.  FIG. 1  illustrates an example wearable device  150  (e.g., a watch) that includes an integrated touch screen  152 , strap  154  (e.g., watch band), and flexible touch sensor panel  158  built into strap  154 . In some examples, strap  154  (e.g., watch band) or a part of strap  154  can be a flexible material such as elastomer, rubber, plastic, fabric, leather, metal, or any other flexible material suitable for a wearable device strap. In some examples, flexible touch sensor panel  158  can be implemented on a flexible material. In some examples, flexible touch sensor panel  158  can be implemented on or in strap  154  of wearable device  150 . In some examples, flexible touch sensor panel  158  can be formed at a location on strap  154  near integrated touch screen  152 . In some examples, implementing flexible touch sensor panel  158  on strap  154  can allow a user to interact with wearable device  150  without covering or otherwise impeding the view of integrated touch screen  152  while interacting with the device. In some examples, flexible touch sensor panel  158  can have the same or similar flexibility as strap  154 . It is understood that the above flexible touch sensor panel can be implemented in other devices as well, including mobile telephones, digital media players, personal computers, or tablet computers, for example (e.g., on rigid and/or flexible areas of the device and/or on straps, bands and/or other device accessories). 
     In some examples, touch screen  152  and/or flexible touch sensor panel  158  can be based on self-capacitance. A self-capacitance based touch system can include a matrix of small, individual plates of conductive material that can be referred to as touch node electrodes. For example, a touch screen can include a plurality of individual touch node electrodes, each touch node electrode identifying or representing a unique location on the touch screen at which touch or proximity (i.e., a touch or proximity event) is to be sensed, and each touch node electrode being electrically isolated from the other touch node electrodes in the touch screen/panel. In such examples, each touch node electrode can be individually coupled to sense circuitry (circuitry that will be described later) via individual traces—thus, each touch node electrode can be individually addressable by the touch sensing system. Such a touch screen can be referred to as a pixelated self-capacitance touch screen, though it is understood that in some examples, the touch node electrodes on the touch screen can be used to perform scans other than self-capacitance scans on the touch screen (e.g., mutual capacitance scans). During operation, a touch node electrode can be stimulated with an AC waveform, and the self-capacitance to ground of the touch node electrode can be measured. As an object approaches the touch node electrode, the self-capacitance to ground of the touch node electrode can change (e.g., increase). This change in the self-capacitance of the touch node electrode can be detected and measured by the touch sensing system to determine the positions of multiple objects when they touch, or come in proximity to, the touch screen. In some examples, the electrodes of a self-capacitance based touch system can be formed from rows and columns of conductive material, and changes in the self-capacitance to ground of the rows and columns can be detected, similar to above. In some examples, a touch screen can be multi-touch, single touch, projection scan, full-imaging multi-touch, capacitive touch, etc. 
     In some examples, touch screen  152  and/or flexible touch sensor panel  158  can be based on mutual capacitance. A mutual capacitance based touch system can include drive and sense lines that may cross over each other on different layers, or may be adjacent to each other on the same layer. The crossing or adjacent locations can be referred to as touch nodes. During operation, the drive line can be stimulated with an AC waveform and the mutual capacitance of the touch node can be measured. As an object approaches the touch node, the mutual capacitance of the touch node can change (e.g., decrease). This change in the mutual capacitance of the touch node can be detected and measured by the touch sensing system to determine the positions of multiple objects when they touch, or come in proximity to, the touch screen. In some examples, the electrodes of a mutual-capacitance based touch system can be formed from a matrix of small, individual plates of conductive material, and changes in the mutual capacitance between plates of conductive material can be detected, similar to above. 
     In some examples, touch screen  152  and/or flexible touch sensor panel  158  can be based on mutual capacitance and/or self-capacitance. The electrodes can be arrange as a matrix of small, individual plates of conductive material or as drive lines and sense lines, or in another pattern. The electrodes can be configurable for mutual capacitance or self-capacitance sensing or a combination of mutual and self-capacitance sensing. For example, in one mode of operation electrodes can be configured to sense mutual capacitance between electrodes and in a different mode of operation electrodes can be configured to sense self-capacitance of electrodes. In some examples, some of the electrodes can be configured to sense mutual capacitance therebetween and some of the electrodes can be configured to sense self-capacitance thereof. 
       FIG. 2  is a block diagram of an example computing system  200  that illustrates one implementation of an example touch screen  220  according to examples of the disclosure. It is understood that computing system  200  can include a self-capacitance touch screen or a mutual capacitance touch screen, as described above. Computing system  200  can be included in, for example, wearable device  150  or any mobile or non-mobile computing device that includes a touch screen. Computing system  200  can include a touch sensing system including one or more touch processors  202 , peripherals  204 , a touch controller  206 , and touch sensing circuitry (described in more detail below). Peripherals  204  can include, but are not limited to, random access memory (RAM) or other types of memory or storage, watchdog timers and the like. Touch controller  206  can include, but is not limited to, one or more sense channels  208  and channel scan logic  210 . Channel scan logic  210  can access RAM  212 , autonomously read data from sense channels  208  and provide control for the sense channels. In some examples, RAM  212  can contain various configuration information for specific touch screen  220  scans performed by channel scan logic  210  (e.g., scan specific configuration information for sense channels  208 ), can receive and/or store touch data from sense channels  208 , and can be managed by channel scan logic  210 . In addition, channel scan logic  210  can control sense channels  208  to generate stimulation signals at various frequencies and phases that can be selectively applied to the touch nodes of touch screen  220 , as described in more detail below. In some examples, touch controller  206 , touch processor  202  and peripherals  204  can be integrated into a single application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and in some examples can be integrated with touch screen  220  itself. 
     Touch screen  220  can include touch sensing circuitry that can include a capacitive sensing medium having a plurality of electrically isolated touch node electrodes  222  (e.g., a pixelated self-capacitance touch screen). Touch node electrodes  222  can be coupled to sense channels  208  in touch controller  206 , can be driven by stimulation signals from the sense channels through drive/sense interface  225 , and can be sensed by the sense channels through the drive/sense interface as well, as described above. As used herein, an electrical component “coupled to” or “connected to” another electrical component encompasses a direct or indirect connection providing electrical path for communication or operation between the coupled components. Thus, for example, touch node electrodes  222  may be directly connected to sense channels or indirectly connected to sense channels via drive/sense interface  225 , but in either case provided an electrical path for driving and/or sensing the touch node electrodes  222 . In some examples, drive/sense interface  225  can be implemented in the touch controller  206 , or can be implemented in a chip separate from touch controller  206 . Additional exemplary details of how drive/sense interface  225  can be implemented can be found in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/009,774, filed Jan. 28, 2016, entitled “Flexible Self Capacitance and Mutual Capacitance Touch Sensing System Architecture,” the entire contents of which is hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes. Labeling the conductive plates used to detect touch (i.e., touch node electrodes  222 ) as “touch node” electrodes can be particularly useful when touch screen  220  is viewed as capturing an “image” of touch (e.g., a “touch image”). In other words, after touch controller  206  has determined an amount of touch detected at each touch node electrode  222  in touch screen  220 , the pattern of touch node electrodes in the touch screen at which a touch occurred can be thought of as a touch image (e.g., a pattern of fingers touching the touch screen). 
     It is understood that touch screen  220  described herein can correspond to touch screen  152  (e.g., on the body of wearable device  150 ) and/or flexible touch sensor panel  158  (e.g., on the strap of wearable device  150 ). For example, wearable device  150  can include two instances of computing system  200 : one corresponding to touch screen  152  and one corresponding to flexible touch sensor panel  158  (e.g., each computing system controls its own touch element). In some examples, wearable device  150  can include one instance of computing system  200  that controls two instances of touch screen  220 : one corresponding to touch screen  152  and one corresponding to flexible touch sensor panel  158  (e.g., a single computing system can control both touch elements). In such examples, both instances of touch screen  220  can receive sense signals and/or provide sensor signals to/from touch controller  206 . In some examples, display driver  234  can drive displays on touch screen  152  and optionally the LED panels and/or waveguide layers described below with respect to  FIGS. 8 and 9 . In some examples, all elements of computing system  200  can be implemented in wearable device  150  except for touch screen  220  (e.g. corresponding to flexible touch sensor panel  158 , which is implemented on strap  154  of wearable device  150 . In such examples, touch screen  220  can send and receive sense signals and/or LCD driver signals via electrical connectors routed from flexible touch sensor panel  158  on strap  154  to wearable device  150  (e.g., where the rest of computing system  200  resides). In some examples (such as in the case of two instances of computing system  200 ), computing system  200  can be implemented in strap  154  of wearable device  150  (e.g., to control flexible touch sensor panel  158 ). Thus, flexible touch sensor panel  158  can be controlled by the same or similar components in a similar way as touch screen  152 . 
     Computing system  200  can also include a host processor  228  for receiving outputs from touch processor  202  and performing actions based on the outputs. For example, host processor  228  can be connected to program storage  232  and a display controller, such as a display driver  234  (e.g., for controlling operation of a display, such as an LCD display, an OLED display, etc.). The display driver  234  can provide voltages on select (e.g., gate) lines to each pixel transistor and can provide data signals along data lines to these same transistors to control the pixel display image as described in more detail below. Host processor  228  can use display driver  234  to generate a display image on touch screen  220 , such as a display image of a user interface (UI), and can use touch processor  202  and touch controller  206  to detect a touch on or near touch screen  220 . The touch input can be used by computer programs stored in program storage  232  to perform actions that can include, but are not limited to, moving an object such as a cursor or pointer, scrolling or panning, adjusting control settings, opening a file or document, viewing a menu, making a selection, executing instructions, operating a peripheral device connected to the host device, answering a telephone call, placing a telephone call, terminating a telephone call, changing the volume or audio settings, storing information related to telephone communications such as addresses, frequently dialed numbers, received calls, missed calls, logging onto a computer or a computer network, permitting authorized individuals access to restricted areas of the computer or computer network, loading a user profile associated with a user&#39;s preferred arrangement of the computer desktop, permitting access to web content, launching a particular program, encrypting or decoding a message, and/or the like. Host processor  228  can also perform additional functions that may not be related to touch processing. 
     Note that one or more of the functions described herein, including the configuration of switches, can be performed by firmware stored in memory (e.g., one of the peripherals  204  in  FIG. 2 ) and executed by touch processor  202 , or stored in program storage  232  and executed by host processor  228 . The firmware can also be stored and/or transported within any non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions. In the context of this document, a “non-transitory computer-readable storage medium” can be any medium (excluding signals) that can contain or store the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The computer-readable storage medium can include, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus or device, a portable computer diskette (magnetic), a random access memory (RAM) (magnetic), a read-only memory (ROM) (magnetic), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) (magnetic), a portable optical disc such a CD, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD, DVD-R, or DVD-RW, or flash memory such as compact flash cards, secured digital cards, USB memory devices, memory sticks, and the like. 
     The firmware can also be propagated within any transport medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions. In the context of this document, a “transport medium” can be any medium that can communicate, propagate or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The transport medium can include, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic or infrared wired or wireless propagation medium. 
       FIGS. 3A-3B  illustrate exemplary touch sensor circuits according to examples of the disclosure.  FIG. 3A  illustrates an exemplary touch sensor circuit  300  for performing a self-capacitance measurement using an electrode (e.g., a self-capacitance touch node electrode  302 ) and sensing circuit  314  according to examples of the disclosure. Sensing circuit  314  can be included in sense channels  208  to sense the self-capacitance of one or more touch electrodes on the touch sensor panels/touch screens of the disclosure. Touch node electrode  302  can correspond to a self-capacitance touch node electrode  222 . Touch node electrode  302  can have an inherent self-capacitance to ground associated with it, and also an additional self-capacitance to ground that is formed when an object, such as finger  305 , is in proximity to or touching the electrode. The total self-capacitance to ground of touch node electrode  302  can be illustrated as capacitance C  304 . Touch node electrode  302  can be coupled to sensing circuit  314 . Sensing circuit  314  can include an operational amplifier  308 , feedback resistor  312  and feedback capacitor  310 , although other configurations can be employed. For example, feedback resistor  312  can be replaced by a switched capacitor resistor in order to minimize a parasitic capacitance effect that can be caused by a variable feedback resistor. Touch node electrode  302  can be coupled to the inverting input (−) of operational amplifier  308 . An AC stimulation source  306  (Vac) can be coupled to the non-inverting input (+) of operational amplifier  308 . Touch sensor circuit  300  can be configured to sense changes in the total self-capacitance  304  of the touch node electrode  302  induced by a finger or object either touching or in proximity to the touch sensor panel. Output  320  can be used by a processor to determine the presence of a proximity or touch event, or the output can be inputted into a discrete logic network to determine the presence of a proximity or touch event. 
       FIG. 3B  illustrates an exemplary touch sensor circuit  350  for performing a mutual capacitance measurement using two electrodes (a mutual capacitance drive electrode  322  and sense electrode  326 , such as the column electrodes and row electrodes described previously) and sensing circuit  314  according to examples of the disclosure. A stimulation signal can be generated by sense channels  208  (e.g., sense channels  208  can include an AC stimulation source  306  and have drive capabilities), drive electrode  322  can correspond to column electrode  223 , sense electrode  326  can correspond to row electrode  224 , and sensing circuit  314  can be included in sense channels  208 . Drive electrode  322  can be stimulated by a stimulation signal (e.g., an AC voltage signal). A stimulation signal can be capacitively coupled to sense electrode  326  through mutual capacitance  324  between drive electrode  322  and sense electrode  326 . When a finger  35  or object approaches the touch node created by the intersection of drive electrode  322  and sense electrode  326 , mutual capacitance  324  can be altered. The intersection of drive electrode  322  and sense electrode  326  can correspond to a mutual capacitance touch node. This change in mutual capacitance  324  can be detected to indicate a touch or proximity event at the touch node, as described previously and below. The sense signal coupled onto electrode  326  can be received by sensing circuit  314 . Sensing circuit  314  can include operational amplifier  308  and at least one of a feedback resistor  312  and a feedback capacitor  310 .  FIG. 3B  illustrates a general case in which both resistive and capacitive feedback elements are utilized. The sense signal (referred to as Vin) can be inputted into the inverting input of operational amplifier  308 , and the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier can be coupled to a reference voltage Vref. Operational amplifier  308  can drive its output to voltage Vo to keep Vin substantially equal to Vref, and can therefore maintain Vin constant or virtually grounded. A person of skill in the art would understand that in this context, equal can include deviations of up to 15%. Therefore, the gain of sensing circuit  314  can be mostly a function of the ratio of mutual capacitance  324  and the feedback impedance, comprised of resistor  312  and/or capacitor  310 . The output of sensing circuit  314  Vo can be filtered and heterodyned or homodyned by being fed into multiplier  328 , where Vo can be multiplied with local oscillator  330  to produce Vdetect. Vdetect can be inputted into filter  332 . One skilled in the art will recognize that the placement of filter  332  can be varied; thus, the filter can be placed after multiplier  328 , as illustrated, or two filters can be employed: one before the multiplier and one after the multiplier. In some examples, there can be no filter at all. The direct current (DC) portion of Vdetect can be used to determine if a touch or proximity event has occurred. 
     Referring back to  FIG. 2 , in some examples, touch screen  220  can be an integrated touch screen in which touch sensing circuit elements of the touch sensing system can be integrated into the display pixel stackups of a display. The circuit elements in touch screen  220  can include, for example, elements that can exist in LCD or other displays, such as one or more pixel transistors (e.g., thin film transistors (TFTs)), gate lines, data lines, pixel electrodes and common electrodes. In a given display pixel, a voltage between a pixel electrode and a common electrode can control a luminance of the display pixel. The voltage on the pixel electrode can be supplied by a data line through a pixel transistor, which can be controlled by a gate line. It is noted that circuit elements are not limited to whole circuit components, such as a whole capacitor, a whole transistor, etc., but can include portions of circuitry, such as only one of the two plates of a parallel plate capacitor. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates touch sensor panel  400  with drive lines  406  and sense lines  404  arranged in rows and columns, respectively, according to examples of the disclosure. In some examples, sense lines can be arranged in columns and drive lines can be arranged in rows. Specifically, touch sensor panel  400  can include one or more touch electrodes disposed as columns that form drive lines (e.g., single contiguous electrodes, or noncontiguous electrodes electrically coupled together using electrical bridges), and one or more touch electrodes disposed as rows that form sense lines (e.g., single contiguous electrodes, or noncontiguous electrodes electrically coupled together using electrical bridges). The touch electrodes can be on the same or different material layers on touch sensor panel  400 , and the drive lines  406  and the sense lines  404  and can intersect with each other while remaining electrically isolated from each other, as illustrated in  FIG. 4 . In some examples, touch sensor panel  400  can sense the self-capacitance of lines  404  and  406  to detect touch and/or proximity activity on touch sensor panel  400 , and in some examples, touch screen  400  can sense the mutual capacitance between lines  404  and  406  to detect touch and/or proximity activity on touch sensor panel  400 . In some examples, the arrangement of touch sensor panel  400  can be implemented on the flexible touch sensor panels described in the following figures and/or touch screens in  FIGS. 1 and 2 . 
     In some examples, it is desired to integrate touch sensor functionality onto a flexible or elastic material. For example, a touch sensor panel can be integrated into the strap of a wearable device. In such an example, the strap of the wearable device can experience stretching, bending, twisting, or other mechanical forces as a result of ordinary usage and/or conforming to the size and shape of a user&#39;s wrist while wearing the wearable device. Conventional touch sensor panels may not have the same flexibility as the strap of the wearable device and/or may not conform to the flexibility requirements for integration onto the strap of the wearable device. Thus, it is desired to have a flexible touch sensor panel that can have more flexibility than conventional touch sensor panels. Integration of a flexible touch sensor panel onto the strap of a wearable device can increase the functionality of the device by providing further surfaces for a user to activate functions on the wearable device (e.g., without covering a touch screen of the wearable device). 
       FIG. 5A  illustrates an exemplary flexible touch sensor panel  500  including flexible electrode connectors  502 A-B and  504 A-B according to examples of the disclosure. In some examples, flexible touch sensor panel  500  can include rows and columns of touch electrodes (e.g., similar to touch screen  400 ). In some examples, the touch electrodes can be arranged to have a diamond-like shape. In some examples, the touch electrodes can be arranged to have a square-like shape or any other shape. As illustrated in  FIG. 5A , touch electrodes  506 A and  506 B can comprise one row of touch electrodes, touch electrodes  508 A and  508 B can comprise a second row of touch electrodes, and touch electrodes  510 A,  510 B, and  510 C can comprise a column of touch electrodes. In some examples, more or fewer touch electrodes can comprise a row or column of electrodes. In some examples, a column of touch electrodes can be configured as drive electrodes. In some examples, a row of touch electrodes can be configured to be sense electrodes. In some examples, a column of touch electrodes can be configured as sense electrodes and a row of touch electrodes can be configured as drive electrodes. In some examples, the touch electrodes can be configured as pixelated self-capacitance electrodes. For ease of description,  FIG. 5A  focuses on the arrangement of the flexible electrode connectors for the row electrodes; connectors for the column electrodes are not illustrated. In some examples, the column electrodes can be connected using flexible electrode connectors similar to the flexible electrode connectors described below with respect to  FIG. 5C  and/or  FIG. 7 . 
     In some examples, as shown in  FIG. 5A , a row of touch electrodes can be electrically coupled by flexible electrode connectors. For example, touch electrode  506 A can be electrically coupled to touch electrode  506 B via flexible electrode connectors  502 A and  502 B. In some examples, flexible electrode connectors  502 A and  502 B can be a flexible metal trace. In some examples, the touch electrodes can be a rigid material, a semi-rigid material, or otherwise more rigid than the flexible electrode connectors. In some examples, flexible electrode connectors  502 A and  502 B can be routed in parallel to provide two parallel electrical connections between touch electrodes  506 A and  506 B. In some examples, having two parallel connectors can provide mechanical stability while flexible touch sensor panel  500  is flexing or otherwise experiencing mechanical pressure. In some examples, a single flexible electrode connector can be used to electrically couple touch electrodes  506 A and  506 B. As shown in  FIG. 5A , flexible electrode connector  502 A and  502 B can couple to a corner of touch electrode  506 A and touch electrode  506 B. In some examples, the routing of flexible electrode connector  502 B can be a reflection of flexible electrode connector  502 A across an axis (e.g., the horizontal axis). The routing of flexible electrode connectors  502 A and  502 B described herein can be implemented on flexible touch sensor panel  540  (described below in  FIG. 5C ) to electrically couple the row electrodes (e.g.,  506 A and  506 B and/or  508 A and  508 B). 
     In some examples, flexible electrode connectors  502 A and  502 B can have a routing pattern which allows touch electrodes  506 A and  506 B to move closer together or farther away from each other while maintaining electrical coupling and connectivity (e.g., without breaking the flexible electrode connectors or otherwise disconnecting the electrical connection). In some examples, flexible electrode connector  502 A and  502 B can have a serpentine routing pattern or a butterfly routing pattern. In some examples, flexible electrode connector  502 A and  502 B can have other routing patterns, including zigzags, meanders, loops, a series of buckles, or any other suitable routing pattern allows stretching or twisting of the flexible electrode connector while maintaining electrical coupling and connectivity. For example, starting from a corner of touch electrode  506 A (e.g., electrically and mechanically coupled to touch electrode  506 A at that corner), flexible electrode connector  502 A can first route diagonally in an upward-leftward direction (e.g., diagonally away from touch electrode  506 B), parallel to the upper-right edge of touch electrode  506 A. When flexible electrode connector  502 A reaches the top corner or approaches the upper-left edge of touch electrode  506 A, flexible electrode connector  502 A can then loop back and route diagonally in a downward-rightward direction (diagonally towards touch electrode  506 B). In some examples, flexible electrode connector  502 A can loop back before reaching the upper-left edge of touch electrode  506 A. In some examples, flexible electrode connector  502 A can be routed closer to the center of the gaps between the touch electrodes (e.g., equidistant from the touch electrodes). In some examples, routing closer to the center of the gaps can allow flexible electrode connector  502 A to coincide with the flexible routing patterns described in  FIG. 5C  (e.g., which can be routed closer to the edge of the gaps between electrodes) without unintended electrical or mechanical coupling. When flexible electrode connector  502 A reaches or passes the vertical axis of touch electrode  510 A (e.g., the column electrode to which flexible electrode connector  502 A does not connect), flexible electrode connector  502 A can route diagonally in the upper-right direction (e.g., parallel to the upper-left edge of touch electrode  506 B). Thus, flexible electrode connector  502 A can partially traverse the gap between touch electrodes  506 A and  510 A (e.g., in the gap and/or along the gap between the two adjacent electrodes). When flexible electrode connector  502 A reaches the top corner or approaches the upper-right edge of touch electrode  506 B, flexible electrode connector  502 A can then loop back and route diagonally in a downward-leftward direction (e.g., parallel to touch electrode  506 B, but in the opposite direction as previously). In some examples, flexible electrode connector  502 A can loop back before reaching the upper-right edge of touch electrode  506 B. In some examples, flexible electrode connector  502 A can then couple to a corner of touch electrode  506 B (e.g., electrically and mechanically coupled to touch electrode  506 B at that corner). Thus, flexible electrode connector  502 A can partially traverse the gap between touch electrodes  510 A and  506 B (e.g., in the gap and/or along the gap between the two adjacent electrodes). As will be described in more detail below, in some examples, flexible electrode connector  502 A can be routed on the same layer as touch electrodes  506 A and  506 B. In some examples, flexible electrode connector  502 A can be routed in a different layer as touch electrodes  506 A and  506 B. In some examples, a portion of flexible electrode connector  502 A can be routed on the same layer as touch electrodes  506 A and  506 B and a portion of flexible electrode connector  502 A can be routed on a different layer as touch electrodes  506 A and  506 B. Although  FIG. 5A  illustrates flexible electrode connector  502 A electrically coupling to corners of touch electrodes  506 A and  506 B, it is understood that the flexible electrode connectors can be connected along the edges of the respective touch electrodes, similar to that described below with respect to  FIG. 5C . 
     In some examples, the serpentine routing pattern described above can allow flexible electrode connector  502 A to flex, bend, or otherwise change its shape in response to touch electrodes  506 A and  506 B moving closer together or farther away from each other while maintaining electrical connectivity (e.g., electrical coupling), as will be described below with reference to  FIG. 5B . In some examples, when flexible touch sensor panel  500  is not experiencing bending, flexing, twisting, or other mechanical forces, the shape of flexible electrode connector  502 A can return to the above-described routing pattern (e.g., resting or equilibrium shape). For example, the serpentine routing pattern (or the material of flexible electrode connector  502 A in combination with the serpentine routing pattern) can allow flexible electrode connector  502 A to return to its resting (equilibrium) position and/or can exert a mechanical force on touch electrodes  506 A and/or  506 B to return the touch electrodes back to their resting (equilibrium) positions and/or to return to their resting (equilibrium) distances with respect to each other and/or other touch electrodes. In some examples, other flexible routing patterns can be used. As described above, flexible electrode connector  502 B can have a similar routing pattern, but reflected across the horizontal axis. In some examples, flexible electrode connectors  504 A and  504 B can have a similar routing pattern as flexible electrode connectors  502 A and  502 B (e.g., to electrically couple touch electrodes  508 A and  508 B). Although the serpentine routing pattern described above (including serpentine routing patterns described below with respect to  FIG. 5C  and  FIG. 7 ) has been described to provide the flexible electrode connector the ability to maintain electrical connectivity in response to touch electrodes moving closer together or farther apart, it is understood that the serpentine routing pattern can allow for any other type of deviation of the touch electrodes from their equilibrium or resting positions, such as twisting, rotating, lifting, or otherwise becoming misaligned and/or having different planes from each other. In some examples, the flexible electrode connectors can comprise one or more layers, including a metallic layer that provides electrical connectivity. In some examples, the one or more layers can comprise a polyimide (PI) layer, which can provide mechanical stability to the flexible electrical connectors when flexing, as will be described in more detail below. 
     In some examples, flexible touch sensor panel  500  can include drive/sense circuitry  514 . In some examples, drive/sense circuitry  514  can include drive/sense interface  225  and can include exemplary touch sensor circuits described above with respect to  FIGS. 3A-3B . In some examples, drive/sense circuitry  514  can be electrically coupled to touch electrodes  506 A and  508 A (e.g., through electrode connectors  512 A and  512 B, respectively). For example, touch electrode  506 A (and/or touch electrode  506 B) can correspond to sense electrode  326  and can alter mutual capacitance  324  when a finger (e.g., finger  305 ) and/or object approaches or contacts the intersection of touch electrode  506 A (e.g., in this example, touch electrode  506 A-B is configured as sense electrodes) and a drive electrode. In some examples, electrode connectors  512 A and  512 B can be flexible electrode connectors similar to flexible electrode connectors described above and can have a similar serpentine routing pattern. In some examples, a portion of electrode connectors  512 A and  512 B can have a serpentine routing pattern and a portion of electrode connectors  512 A and  512 B can have a different routing pattern. In some examples, drive electrodes (e.g., touch electrodes  510 A,  510 B, and  510 C) can be driven by drive/sense circuitry  514  (connections not shown) and sense electrodes (e.g., touch electrodes  506 A and  506 B) can be sensed by drive/sense circuitry  514 . In some examples, self-capacitance of touch electrodes (e.g., touch electrodes  506 A and  508 A) can be driven and/or sensed by drive/sense circuitry  514 . 
     As mentioned above, the flexible touch sensor panels of the disclosure can allow for movement of touch electrodes with respect to each other while maintaining electrical connections between those touch electrodes.  FIG. 5B  illustrates an exemplary flexible touch sensor panel  520  with flexible electrode connectors  502 A-B and  504 A-B according to examples of the disclosure. Flexible touch sensor panel  520  can be similar to flexible touch sensor panel  500  described above. As illustrated in  FIG. 5B , when flexible touch sensor panel  520  is stretched laterally along the horizontal axis, touch electrodes  506 A and  506 B can become spaced farther apart than when the touch sensor panel is not stretched. Similarly, touch electrodes  508 A and  508 B are spaced farther apart than when the touch sensor panel is not stretched. In some examples, the stretching can result from the movements of the wearable device while being worn on the wrist of a user (e.g., the watch strap on which flexible touch sensor panel  520  is disposed can flex with these movements). In some examples, the stretching can result from the strap of the wearable device conforming to the curvature of the user&#39;s wrist. 
     When flexible touch sensor panel  520  is stretched, flexible electrode connectors  502 A,  502 B,  504 A, and  504 B can still maintain electrical coupling between their respective touch electrodes. In some examples, the flexible electrode connectors can change shape to accommodate the change in distance between the respective touch electrodes. For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 5B , the serpentine pattern of flexible electrode connector  502 A can be widened and/or expand as the gaps between the touch electrodes expand. In some examples, the angles of flexible electrode connector  502 A (e.g., the 180 degree loop-back/hairpin angle between touch electrodes  506 A and  510 B and touch electrodes  510 A and  506 B and the 90 degree curve at the lower corner of touch electrode  510 A) can be widened to flex with the movement of the touch electrodes (e.g., to an angle greater than 180 degrees and/or greater than 90 degrees, respectively). Thus, segments of flexible electrode connector  502 A (e.g., the loop-back segments between touch electrodes  506 A and  510 B and touch electrodes  510 A and  506 B) when touch electrodes are moved farther apart can be temporarily bent farther apart than their equilibrium or resting state (e.g., as compared to  FIG. 5A ). In some examples, the total length of the flexible electrode connectors remains constant (e.g., the flexible electrode connectors are not stretched, but merely change shape). In some examples, the flexible electrode connectors can be stretched to accommodate the change in distance. Although  FIG. 5B  illustrates flexible touch sensor panel  520  stretching laterally in a horizontal direction, it is understood that flexible touch sensor panel  520  can stretch in any other direction (e.g., vertically, diagonally, etc.) or otherwise deviated from their equilibrium or resting positions and the flexible electrode connector can still maintain the electrical coupling. 
       FIG. 5C  illustrates an exemplary flexible touch sensor panel  540  with flexible electrode connectors  542 A-B and  544 A-B according to examples of the disclosure. Similarly to flexible touch sensor panel  500 , flexible touch sensor panel  540  can include rows and columns of touch electrodes. For ease of description,  FIG. 5C  focuses on the arrangement of the flexible electrode connectors for the column electrodes; connectors for the row electrodes are not illustrated. In some examples, connectors for the row electrodes can be similar to the flexible electrode connectors described above with respect to  FIGS. 5A-B . 
     In some examples, as shown in  FIG. 5C , a column of touch electrodes can be electrically coupled by flexible electrode connectors. For example, touch electrodes  510 A can be electrically coupled to touch electrode  510 B via flexible electrode connectors  542 A and  542 B. In some examples, flexible electrode connectors  542 A and  542 B can be flexible metal traces. In some examples, the touch electrodes can be a rigid material, a semi-rigid material, or otherwise more rigid than the flexible electrode connector. In some examples, flexible electrode connectors  542 A and  542 B can be routed in parallel to provide two parallel electrical couplings between touch electrodes  510 A and  510 B. In some examples, having two parallel connectors can provide mechanical stability while flexible touch sensor panel  540  is flexing or otherwise experiencing mechanical pressure. In some examples, a single flexible electrode connector can be used to electrically couple touch electrodes  510 A and  510 B. As shown in  FIG. 5C , flexible electrode connector  542 A and  542 B can couple to an edge of touch electrode  510 A and touch electrode  510 B. In some examples, the routing of flexible electrode connector  542 B can be a reflection of flexible electrode connector  502 A across an axis (e.g., the vertical axis). The routing of flexible electrode connectors  542 A and  542 B described herein can be implemented on flexible touch sensor panel  500  and  520  (described above in  FIGS. 5A-5B ) to electrically couple the column electrodes (e.g.,  510 A,  510 B and  510 C). 
     In some examples, flexible electrode connectors  542 A and  542 B can have a routing pattern which allows touch electrodes  510 A and  510 B to move closer together or further apart while maintaining electrical connectivity (e.g., without breaking the flexible electrode connectors or otherwise disconnecting the electrical connection). In some examples, flexible electrode connector  542 A and  542 B can have a serpentine routing pattern or a butterfly routing pattern. In some examples, flexible electrode connector  542 A and  542 B can have other routing patterns, including zigzags, meanders, loops, a series of buckles, or any other suitable routing pattern allows stretching or twisting of the flexible electrode connector while maintaining electrical coupling and connectivity. For example, starting from an edge of touch electrode  510 A (e.g., electrically and mechanically coupled to touch electrode  510 A at that edge), flexible electrode connector  542 A can first route diagonally in an upward-rightward direction (e.g., diagonally away from touch electrode  510 B), parallel to the lower-right edge of touch electrode  510 A. When flexible electrode connector  542 A reaches the right corner or approaches the upper-right edge of touch electrode  510 A, flexible electrode connector  542 A can then loop back and route diagonally in a downward-leftward direction (diagonally towards touch electrode  510 B). In some examples, flexible electrode connector  542 A can loop back before reaching the upper-right edge of touch electrode  510 A. In some examples, flexible electrode connector  542 A can be routed closer to the edge of the gaps between the touch electrodes (e.g., closer to the touch electrodes). In some examples, routing closer to the edge of the gaps can allow flexible touch electrode  542 A to coincide with the flexible routing patterns described in  FIGS. 5A-5B  (e.g., which can be routed closer to the center of the gaps between electrodes) without unintended electrical or mechanical coupling. When flexible electrode connector  542 A reaches a point that is above the connection point to touch electrode  510 B, flexible electrode connector  542 A can route downwards (e.g., towards touch electrode  510 B) and across touch electrode  506 B. In some examples, flexible touch electrode  542 A can route downwards and across touch electrode  506 B at any point before or after the point directly above the connection point to touch electrode  510 B. Thus, flexible electrode connector  542 A can partially traverse the gap between touch electrodes  510 A and  506 B (e.g., in the gap and/or along the gap between the two adjacent electrodes). 
     In some examples, flexible electrode connector  542 A can route in a layer above or in a layer below the layer in which touch electrode  506 B is located. In some examples, routing in a different layer can prevent flexible electrode connector  542 A from coupling with touch electrode  506 B. In some examples, as will be described below, flexible electrode connector  542 A can be routed entirely on a different layer than touch electrodes  510 A,  506 B and  510 B and can be coupled to touch electrodes  510 A and  510 B using vias. As used herein, a via is an element that passes through physical layers in a physical circuit and provides and/or enables electrical connectivity between the layers through which the via passed (e.g., a via can drill down from the top layer of a circuit to the bottom layer of a circuit and electrically couple a component at the top layer to a component on the bottom layer). For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 5C , touch electrodes  510 A and  510 B can be located in a top layer of flexible touch sensor panel  540  (e.g., in a 3 layer stackup) and flexible electrode connector  542 A can be located in the bottom layer of flexible touch sensor panel  540  (e.g., in a 3 layer stackup). In such example, a first via can be located within the area of touch electrode  510 A, at or near the edge of touch electrode  510 A and can provide electrical connectivity from touch electrode  510 A in the top layer through the one or more middle layers of flexible touch sensor panel  540  to flexible electrode connector  542 A in the bottom layer. In some examples, a second via can be located within the area of touch electrode  510 B, at or near the edge of touch electrode  510 B and can provide electrical connectivity from touch electrode  510 B in the top layer through the one or more middle layers of flexible touch sensor panel  540  to flexible electrode connector  542 A in the bottom layer. In some examples, a portion of flexible electrode connector  542 A can be in the same layer as touch electrode  510 A and  510 B (e.g., the areas which do not risk unintentional coupling with other electrodes) and a portion of flexible electrode connector  542 A can be routed in a different layer (e.g., the areas which risk unintentional coupling with other electrodes, such as when flexible electrode connector  542 A routes across touch electrode  506 B). In some examples, vias can be used to route flexible electrode connector  542 A to different layers at any point along the serpentine pattern. Routing the flexible electrode connectors through different layers will be described in further delay below. 
     Referring back to  FIG. 5C , flexible electrode connector  542 A can be routed downwards (e.g., towards touch electrode  510 B) and across touch electrode  506 B (e.g., on a layer different from touch electrode  506 B). In some examples, this downward route can be a straight line and need not be routed in a serpentine routing pattern. In such examples, because touch electrode  506 B is a more rigid material, serpentine routing may not be necessary when flexible electrode connector  542 A is within the area of touch electrode  506 B, because flexing within that area can be minimal to non-existent. In some examples, when flexible electrode connector  542 A reaches the gap between touch electrode  506 B and  510 B, flexible electrode connector  542 A can resume its serpentine routing pattern and route diagonally in a downward-rightward direction (e.g., parallel to touch electrode  510 B). When flexible electrode connector  542 A reaches the right corner or approaches the lower-right edge of touch electrode  506 B, flexible electrode connector  542 A can then loop back and route diagonally in an upward-leftward direction (e.g., parallel to touch electrode  510 B, but in the opposite direction as previously). In some examples, flexible electrode connector  542 A can loop back before reaching the lower-right edge of touch electrode  506 B. As described above, in some examples, flexible electrode connector  542 A can be routed closer to the edge of the gaps between the touch electrodes (e.g., closer to the touch electrodes). In some examples, routing closer to the edge of the gaps can allow flexible touch electrode  542 A to coincide with the flexible routing patterns described in  FIGS. 5A-5B  (e.g., which can be routed closer to the center of the gaps between electrodes) without unintended electrical or mechanical coupling. In some examples, flexible electrode connector  542 A can then couple to an edge of touch electrode  506 B (e.g., electrically and mechanically coupled to touch electrode  506 A at that edge). Thus, flexible electrode connector  542 A can partially traverse the gap between touch electrodes  506 B and  510 B (e.g., in the gap and/or along the gap between the two adjacent electrodes). Although  FIG. 5C  illustrates flexible electrode connector  542 A coupling to the edges of touch electrode  510 A and  510 B, it is understood that the flexible electrode connectors can be connected to the corners of the respective touch electrodes, similar to that described above with respect to  FIG. 5A . 
     In some examples, a serpentine routing pattern described above can allow flexible electrode connector  542 A to flex, bend, or otherwise change its shape in response to touch electrodes  510 A and  510 B moving closer together or farther away from each other. In some examples, when flexible touch sensor panel  500  is not experiencing bending, flexing, twisting, or other mechanical forces, the shape of flexible electrode connector  542 A can return to the above-described routing pattern (e.g., resting or equilibrium shape). For example, the serpentine routing pattern (or the material of flexible electrode connector  542 A in combination with the serpentine routing pattern) can allow flexible electrode connector  542 A to return to its resting (equilibrium) position and/or can exert a mechanical force on touch electrodes  510 A and/or  510 B to return the touch electrodes back to their resting (equilibrium) positions and/or to return to their resting (equilibrium) distances with respect to each other and/or other touch electrodes. In some examples, other flexible routing patterns can be used. As described above, flexible electrode connector  542 B can have a similar routing pattern, but reflected across the vertical axis. In some examples, flexible electrode connectors  544 A and  544 B can have a similar routing pattern as flexible electrode connectors  542 A and  542 B (e.g., to electrically couple touch electrodes  510 B and  510 C). In some examples, the flexible electrode connectors can comprise one or more layers, including a metallic layer that provides electrical connectivity. In some examples, the one or more layers can comprise a polyimide (PI) layer, which can provide mechanical stability to the flexible electrical connectors when flexing, as will be described in more detail below. 
     In some examples, flexible touch sensor panel  540  can include drive/sense circuitry  548 . In some examples, drive/sense circuitry  548  can include drive/sense interface  225  and can include exemplary touch sensor circuits described above with respect to  FIGS. 3A-3B . In some examples, drive/sense circuitry  548  can be electrically coupled to touch electrode  510 C through electrode connector  546 . For example, touch electrode  510 C (and/or touch electrodes  510 A and  510 B) can correspond to drive electrode  322  and alter mutual capacitance  324  when a finger (e.g., finger  305 ) and/or object approaches or contacts the intersection of touch electrode  510 C (e.g., in this example, touch electrode  510 A-C is configured as drive electrode) and a sense electrode. In some examples, electrode connector  546  can be flexible electrode connectors similar to flexible electrode connectors described above and can have a similar serpentine routing pattern. In some examples, a portion of electrode connectors  546  can have a serpentine routing pattern and a portion of electrode connector  546  can have a more conventional routing pattern. In some examples, drive/sense circuitry  548  can drive and/or sense the mutual capacitance of the electrodes. In some examples, drive/sense circuitry  548  can be configured to drive and/or sense self-capacitance of the electrodes. In some examples, drive/sense circuitry  548  can include exemplary touch sensor circuits described with respect to  FIGS. 3A-3B . In some examples, drive electrodes (e.g., touch electrodes  510 A,  510 B, and  510 C) can be driven by drive/sense circuitry  548  and sense electrodes (e.g., touch electrodes  506 A and  506 B) can be sensed by drive/sense circuitry  548  (connections not shown). In some examples, self-capacitance of touch electrodes (e.g., touch electrode  510 C) can be driven and/or sensed by drive/sense circuitry  548 . 
     Although  FIGS. 5A-5B  illustrate flexible touch sensor panels  500  and  520  with flexible electrode connectors for row electrodes shown and electrode connectors for column electrodes omitted and  FIG. 5C  illustrates flexible touch sensor panel  540  with flexible electrode connectors for column electrodes shown and electrode connectors for row electrodes omitted, it is understood that an exemplary flexible touch sensor panel according to examples of the disclosure can be a flexible touch sensor panel incorporating the flexible electrode connector configurations from both  FIGS. 5A-5B  and  FIG. 5C . For example, in some examples, a flexible touch sensor panel can have row touch electrodes connected using the flexible electrode connector configuration described in  FIGS. 5A-5B  and column touch electrodes connected using the flexible electrode connector configuration described in  FIG. 5C . In some examples, a flexible touch sensor panel can have row touch electrodes connected using the flexible electrode connector configuration described in  FIG. 5C  and column touch electrodes connected using the flexible electrode connector configuration described in  FIGS. 5A-5B . In some examples, the row or column touch electrodes are not limited to only a single configuration type (e.g., each row or column of touch electrodes can implement a different flexible routing style). 
       FIGS. 6A-6D  illustrate example material of exemplary flexible touch sensor panels according to examples of the disclosure.  FIG. 6A  illustrates a symbolic cross-sectional illustration of the configuration shown in  FIG. 5A  across line A-B, as shown. In some examples, a flexible touch sensor panel (e.g., flexible touch sensor panels  500 ,  540 , and  700 ) can be formed of stackup  600 , as will be described in further detail. In some examples, stackup  600  can comprise polyimide (PI) layers  602 ,  604 , and  606 . In some examples, stackup  600  can comprise more or fewer PI layers and/or can include layers formed of other materials. In some examples, metal (or another conductive material suitable to form a touch electrode) can be deposited or patterned on PI layer  604  (e.g., within PI layer  602 ) to form touch electrodes  610  and  612  (e.g., corresponding to touch electrodes  506 A and  506 B). In some examples, a metal (or another conductive material suitable to form an electrode connector) layer can be deposited or patterned on PI layer  604  (e.g., within PI layer  602 ) between touch electrodes  610  and  612  to form electrode connectors to electrically couple touch electrodes  610  and  612 . 
     In some examples, the metal layer can be deposited or patterned on PI layer  604  (e.g., within PI layer  602 ) of stackup  600  and etched to form the serpentine patterns described above (e.g., stackup  600  can be etched vertically to remove PI and metal material). For example, stackup  600  can be etched to remove selective portions of material from etch area  616  (e.g., etch all portions other than those portions that make up the serpentine touch electrode connectors), which includes PI material from PI layers  602 ,  604 , and  606  and metal material that has been deposited on PI layer  604 . Thus, in such examples, the etching process can preserve certain portions of stackup  600 . Such unetched portions of stackup  600  can include metal  614 , metal  615  and the PI material above and below metal  614  and metal  615  (e.g., from PI layers  602 ,  604 , and  606 ). Thus, in some examples, metal  614  and metal  615  (e.g., the portions not removed by etching) can correspond to the segments of flexible electrode connector  502 B that couple to touch electrodes  610  and  612  (e.g., the “beginning” and “end” of the serpentine routing pattern). Although  FIG. 6A  illustrates a cross-section of stackup  600  across lines A-B with etching on etch area  616  leaving unetched only the areas adjacent to touch electrodes  610  and  612 , it is understood that the entire area of stackup  600  between touch electrodes  610  and  612  can be etched to form the serpentine routing pattern, as will be shown in more detail in  FIG. 6B . 
       FIG. 6B  illustrates a symbolic three-dimensional illustration of the configuration shown in  FIG. 5A  and  FIG. 6A  across line A-B, as shown. As shown, stackup  620  includes PI layers  602 ,  604 , and  606 . In some examples, a flexible touch sensor panel (e.g., flexible touch sensor panels  500 ,  540 , and  700 ) can be formed of stackup  620 . As described above, metal can be deposited or patterned on PI layer  604  (e.g., within PI layer  602 ) to form touch electrodes  610  and  612 . In some examples, a metal layer can be deposited or patterned on PI layer  604  (e.g., within PI layer  602 ) of stackup  620  and etched to form the serpentine patterns described above. As illustrated in  FIG. 6B , the unetched areas of stackup  620  can form serpentine routing  622 . In some examples, the etching can remove some or all of the PI material from PI layers  602 ,  604 , and  606  and some or all of the metal material in the areas between touch electrodes  610  and  612  that do not correspond to the serpentine routing of the electrode connectors (e.g., leaving unetched only the serpentine routing of the electrode connectors and the areas of the touch electrodes  610  and  612 ). Thus, the etching process creates serpentine routing  622  comprised of a three PI layer stackup (e.g., PI layers  602 ,  604 , and  606 ) and a metal layer electrically coupling touch electrodes  610  and  612 . In some examples, the metal layer in serpentine routing  622  can form flexible electrode connector  624  (e.g., corresponding to flexible electrode connector  502 B) that electrically couples touch electrode  610  to touch electrode  612 . In some examples, serpentine routing  622  (and flexible electrode connector  624 ) can have a routing pattern similar to the serpentine routing pattern described above with respect to  FIG. 5A . In some examples, serpentine routing  622  can have a serpentine routing pattern similar to any of the routings described above with respect to  FIG. 5A-C . As described above in  FIG. 6A , metal  614  and metal  615  can correspond to the portions of flexible electrode connector  624  along line A-B that are adjacent to touch electrode  610  and  612  and couple with touch electrode  610  and  612 . In some examples, the non-metallic PI layers of serpentine routing  622  (e.g., above and below flexible electrode connector  624 ) can provide mechanical stability to serpentine routing  622  and flexible electrode connector  624 . For example, when touch electrodes  610  and  612  move closer together or farther away due to external mechanical forces, serpentine routing  622  can bend or otherwise change shape to conform to the changed distance between touch electrodes  610  and  612  while protecting and maintaining the mechanical integrity of serpentine routing  622  and flexible electrode connector  624 . In some examples, when touch electrodes  610  and  612  are not experiencing bending, flexing, or other mechanical forces, serpentine routing  622  (and/or flexible electrode connector  624 ) can exert a mechanical force on touch electrodes  610  and/or  612  to return the touch electrodes back to their resting (equilibrium) positions and/or to return to their resting (equilibrium) distances with respect to each other and/or other touch electrodes. 
       FIG. 6C  illustrates a symbolic cross-sectional illustration of the configuration shown in  FIG. 5C  across line C-D, as shown. In some examples, stackup  640  can comprise PI layers  642 ,  644 , and  646 . In some examples, stackup  640  can comprise more or fewer PI layers and/or can include layers formed of other materials. In some examples, metal (or another conductive material suitable to form a touch electrode) can be deposited or patterned on PI layer  644  (e.g., within PI layer  642 ) to form touch electrodes  650 ,  652  (e.g., corresponding to touch electrodes  510 A and  510 B), and  654  (e.g., corresponding to touch electrode  506 B). In some examples, a metal (or another conductive material suitable to form a touch electrode) can be deposited or patterned on the bottom side of PI layer  644  (in PI layer  646 ) between touch electrodes  650  and  652  to form electrode connectors to electrically couple touch electrodes  650  and  652 . 
     In some examples, the metal layer can be deposited or patterned in the areas between the touch electrodes on stackup  640  (e.g., the gaps between the touch electrodes), including at least some overlapping with areas of the touch electrodes (e.g., to allow vias to electrically couple the touch electrodes to the electrode connectors) and etched to form the serpentine patterns described above. For example, as shown in  FIG. 6C , stackup  640  can be etched to remove all material from etch areas  648  and  649 , except the portions making up the serpentine routing of the electrode connector, which includes PI material from PI layers  642 ,  644 , and  646  and metal material that has been deposited on PI layer  644 . Thus, in such examples, the etching process preserves certain portions of stackup  640  (e.g., those portions including touch electrodes  650 ,  652  and  654 , and those portions making up the serpentine routing of the electrode connector). Such unetched portions of stackup  640  can include touch electrodes  650 ,  652 , and  654 , and the PI and metal material above and below touch electrodes  650 ,  652 , and  654 . In some examples, as shown in  FIG. 6C , vias  656  and  658 , filled with metal or other conductive material, can be patterned in PI layer  644  to electrically connect touch electrodes  650  and  652  in PI layer  642  to the flexible electrode connector in PI layer  646 . In some examples, vias  656  and  658  can be patterned and filled before metal for touch electrodes  650 ,  652  and the metal on the bottom side of PI layer  644  are deposited on PI layer  644 . Although  FIG. 6C  illustrates a cross-section of stackup  640  across lines C-D with etching on etch areas  648  and  649  leaving unetched only the areas below touch electrodes  650 ,  652 , and  654 , it is understood that the entire area of stackup  640  between and around touch electrodes  650 ,  652 , and  654  can be etched to form the serpentine routing pattern, as will be shown in more detail in  FIG. 6D . 
     In some examples, stackup  640  can form a pixelated self-capacitance based touch sensor panel. In such an example, stackup  640  can have similar serpentine routing patterns described above but without vias  656  and  658 . In other words, stackup  640  can be fabricated such that vias  656  and  658  are not deposited or patterned on PI layer  644  (while the metal on the bottom side of PI layer  644  remains). Omitting the vias in this manner can allow the flexible electrode connector (e.g., and/or the accompanying PI layers above and below the flexible electrode connector) to physically provide for flexibility but eliminate the electrical coupling between the touch electrodes. In some examples, the flexible electrode connector with omitted vias can be referred to as mechanical electrode connectors and can mechanically couple to the respective touch electrodes. In some examples, electrical coupling for the pixelated touch electrodes can be individually routed using a different flexible electrode connector architecture and/or can be routed on a different layer than those described above. 
       FIG. 6D  illustrates a symbolic three-dimensional illustration of the configuration shown in  FIG. 5C  and  FIG. 6C  across line C-D, as shown. As shown, stackup  660  includes PI layers  642 ,  644 , and  646 . In some examples, a flexible touch sensor panel (e.g., flexible touch sensor panels  500 ,  540 , and  700 ) can be formed of stackup  660 . As described above, metal can be deposited or patterned on PI layer  644  (e.g., within PI layer  642 ) to form touch electrodes  650 ,  652 , and  654 . In some examples, metal can be deposited or patterned on the bottom side of PI layer  644  (in PI layer  646 ), including at least some overlap with the touch electrodes (e.g., to allow vias to electrically connect the touch electrodes to the electrode connectors) and etched to form the serpentine patterns described above. As illustrated in  FIG. 6D , stackup  660  can be etched to form serpentine routing  662  (e.g., corresponding to flexible electrode connector  542 A). In some examples, the etching can remove some or all of the PI material from PI layers  642 ,  644 , and  646  and some or all of the metal material in the areas between touch electrodes  650  and  652  that do not correspond to the serpentine routing of the electrode connectors (e.g., leaving unetched only the serpentine routing of the electrode connectors and the areas of the touch electrodes  650 ,  652 , and  654 ). Thus, the etching process creates serpentine routing  662  comprised of a three PI layer stackup (e.g., PI layers  642 ,  644 , and  646 ) and a metal layer in PI layer  646 . In some examples, the metal layer in serpentine routing  662  can form flexible electrode connector  664  (e.g., corresponding to flexible electrode connector  542 A) that electrically couples touch electrode  650  to touch electrode  652  (e.g., by vias, not shown, as described above). 
     In some examples, serpentine routing  662  (and flexible electrode connector  664 ) can have a routing pattern similar to the serpentine routing pattern described above with respect to  FIG. 5C . As shown, in some examples, serpentine routing  662  can have a straight section where serpentine routing  662  intersects (e.g., to allow flexible electrode connector  664  to route through, on a different layer) with another touch electrode. As discussed above, serpentine routing is not required for sections of the flexible electrode connector  664  that are within the area of a touch electrode (e.g., touch electrode  654 ) because flexing within that area can be minimal to non-existent.  FIG. 6D  illustrates column  668  as a three-dimensional illustration of the volume of stackup  660  encompassed by touch electrode  654 . For ease of illustration, column  668  is illustrated with dashed lines only for the purpose of not obscuring serpentine routing  662 . In some examples, column  668  can have the same three PI layer stackup and include metal patterned on PI layer  644  (e.g., within PI layer  642 ) to form touch electrode  654 . Only the area of touch electrode  654  that intersects with serpentine routing  662  is illustrated, for ease of description. Thus, as shown, serpentine routing  662  can intersect with a section of column  668  (e.g., serpentine routing  662  passes through a corner of column  668 ) and because flexible electrode connector  664  is routed within the PI layer  646  (e.g., the bottom PI layer), flexible electrode connector  664  can route across touch electrode  654  without unintentionally coupling with touch electrode  654  (e.g., which resides within PI layer  642 , the top PI layer). 
     In some examples, serpentine routing  662  can have a serpentine routing pattern similar to any of the routings described above with respect to  FIG. 5A-C . In some examples, the non-metallic PI layers of serpentine routing  662  can provide mechanical stability to serpentine routing  662  and flexible electrode connector  664 . For example, when touch electrodes  650  and  652  move closer together or farther away due to external mechanical forces, serpentine routing  662  can bend or otherwise change shape to conform to the changed distance between touch electrodes  650  and  652  while protecting and maintaining the mechanical integrity of serpentine routing  662  and flexible electrode connector  664 . In some examples, when touch electrodes  650  and  652  are not experiencing bending, flexing, twisting, or other mechanical forces, serpentine routing  662  (and/or flexible electrode connector  664 ) can exert a mechanical force on touch electrodes  650  and/or  652  to return the touch electrodes back to their resting (equilibrium) positions and/or to return to their resting (equilibrium) distances with respect to each other and/or other touch electrodes. 
     Although  FIGS. 6C-6D  illustrate flexible electrode connector fully routing in a layer different from the layers of touch electrodes  650 ,  652 , and  654  and connecting to touch electrodes  650  and  652  using vias  656  and  658 , it is understood that flexible electrode connector  664  can be partially routed on the same layer as touch electrodes  650 ,  652 , and  654  and can be partially routed on a different layer as touch electrodes  650 ,  652 , and  654 . For example, flexible electrode connector  664  can route in PI layer  642  (e.g., the same layer as touch electrodes  650 ,  652 , and  654 ) in areas where flexible electrode connector  664  does not need to route across touch electrode  654  (e.g., where the flexible electrode connector couples to touch electrodes  650  and  652  and in the gaps between the electrodes), in a manner similar to that described in  FIG. 6A-6B . In such examples, a via (similar to vias  656  and  658 ) can be used to route flexible electrode connector  664  to PI layer  646  (e.g., a different layer than touch electrodes  650 ,  652 , and  654 ) at the portion of flexible electrode connector  664  where flexible electrode connector  664  routes across touch electrode  654 , to avoid flexible electrode connector  664  from unintentionally electrically coupling with touch electrode  654 . 
       FIG. 7  illustrates an exemplary touch sensor panel  700  including flexible electrode connectors  702 A-B,  704 A-B,  706 A-B, and  708 A-B according to examples of the disclosure. Similarly to flexible touch sensor panels  500  and  540 , flexible touch sensor panel  700  can include rows and columns of touch electrodes. In some examples, as illustrated in  FIG. 7 , touch electrodes can include gaps in the center of the touch electrodes. In some examples, the gaps in the touch electrodes can have the same shape as the touch electrodes. In some examples, other shaped gaps can be used. In some examples, gaps in the touch electrode can allow light to pass through (e.g., light from a display disposed below the flexible touch sensor panel). In some examples, the size of the gaps can be different sizes. For example, the gaps in drive electrodes (e.g., touch electrodes  714 A,  714 B, and  714 C) can be larger (e.g., the drive electrode is thinner) than the gaps in sense electrodes (e.g., touch electrodes  710 A-B,  712 A-B) (e.g., the sense electrode material is thicker). In some examples, the gaps in sense electrodes can be larger than the gaps in drive electrodes. In some example, a smaller gap in sense electrodes can allow sense electrodes to be larger (e.g., comprise more metal material) and increase the sensing sensitivity and accuracy of the sense electrodes. In some examples, the gaps can be formed by selectively etching areas of the touch electrodes. Thus, because the touch electrodes have gaps to allow light to pass through, flexible electrode connectors must avoid intersecting with the gaps in the electrodes and obscuring light from passing through. Thus,  FIG. 7  illustrates example serpentine routing patterns which can route across touch electrodes without obscuring the gaps in the touch electrodes. For example, an exemplary serpentine routing pattern can route across a corner of a touch electrode by routing along the edge of the touch electrode and avoiding the gaps, as will be described in further detail below. 
     In some examples, as shown in  FIG. 7 , a column of touch electrodes can be electrically coupled by flexible electrode connectors. For example, touch electrode  714 A can be electrically coupled to touch electrode  714 B via flexible electrode connectors  704 A and  704 B and touch electrode  714 B can be coupled to touch electrode  714 C via flexible electrode connectors  708 A and  708 B. In some examples, flexible electrode connectors  704 A and  704 B can be routed in parallel to provide two parallel electrical couplings between touch electrodes  714 A and  714 B. In some examples, a single flexible electrode connector can be used to electrically couple touch electrodes  714 A and  714 B. As shown in  FIG. 7 , flexible electrode connector  704 A and  704 B can couple to an edge of touch electrode  714 A and touch electrode  714 B. In some examples, the routing of flexible electrode connector  704 B can be a reflection of flexible electrode connector  704 A across an axis (e.g., the vertical axis). 
     In some examples, flexible electrode connectors  704 A and  704 B can have a routing pattern which allows touch electrodes  714 A and  714 B to move closer together or farther apart while maintaining electrical connectivity (e.g., without breaking the flexible electrode connectors or otherwise disconnecting the electrical connection). In some examples, flexible electrode connector  704 A and  704 B can have a serpentine routing pattern or a butterfly routing pattern. In some examples, flexible electrode connector  704 A and  704 B can have other routing patterns, including zigzags, meanders, loops, a series of buckles, or any other suitable routing pattern allows stretching or twisting of the flexible electrode connector while maintaining electrical coupling and connectivity. For example, starting from an edge of touch electrode  714 A (e.g., electrically and mechanically coupled to touch electrode  714 A at that edge), flexible electrode connector  704 A can first route diagonally in a downward-leftward direction (e.g., diagonally towards touch electrode  714 B) parallel to touch electrode  714 A. When flexible electrode connector  704 A reaches the lower corner or approaches the lower-left edge of touch electrode  714 A, flexible electrode connector  704 A can then loop back and route diagonally in a upward-rightward direction (diagonally away from touch electrode  714 B). In some examples, flexible electrode connector  542 A can loop back before reaching the lower-left edge of touch electrode  714 A. When flexible electrode connector  714 B reaches a particular point along the edge of touch electrode  710 B (e.g., so as to not interfere with the coupling of flexible electrode connector  702 A with touch electrode  710 B), flexible electrode connector  704 A can route downwards (e.g., towards touch electrode  714 B) and across touch electrode  710 B. In some examples, flexible electrode connector  704 B can route downwards and across touch electrode  710 B at any point along the edge of touch electrode  710 B. Thus, flexible electrode connector  704 A can partially traverse the gap between touch electrodes  714 A and  710 B (e.g., in the gap and/or along the gap between the two adjacent electrodes). 
     In some examples, flexible electrode connector  704 A can route in a layer above or in a layer below the layer in which touch electrode  710 B is located. In some examples, routing in a different layer can prevent flexible electrode connector  704 A from coupling with touch electrode  710 B, as described above. In some examples, similarly to flexible electrode connector  542 A, flexible electrode connector  704 A can be entirely routed on a different layer than touch electrodes  714 A,  714 B and  710 B and can be coupled to touch electrodes  714 A and  714 B using vias. For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 7 , touch electrodes  714 A,  714 B, and  710 B can be located in a top layer of flexible touch sensor panel  700  (e.g., in a 3 layer stackup) and flexible electrode connector  704 A can be located in the bottom layer of flexible touch sensor panel  700  (e.g., in a 3 layer stackup). In such example, a first via can be located within the area of touch electrode  714 A, at or near the edge of touch electrode  714 A and can provide electrical connectivity from touch electrode  714 A in the top layer through the one or more middle layers of flexible touch sensor panel  700  to flexible electrode connector  704 A in the bottom layer. In some examples, a second via can be located within the area of touch electrode  714 B, at or near the edge of touch electrode  714 B and can provide electrical connectivity from touch electrode  714 B in the top layer through the one or more middle layers of flexible touch sensor panel  700  to flexible electrode connector  704 A in the bottom layer. In some examples, a portion of flexible electrode connector  704 A can be in the same layer as touch electrode  714 A and  714 B (e.g., the areas which do not risk unintentional coupling with other electrodes) and a portion of flexible electrode connector  704 A can be routed in a different layer (e.g., the areas which risk unintentional coupling with other electrodes, such as when flexible electrode connector  704 A routes across touch electrode  710 B). In some examples, vias can be used to route flexible electrode connector  704 A to different layers at any point along the serpentine pattern. 
     Referring back to  FIG. 7 , flexible electrode connector  704 A can be routed down (e.g., towards touch electrode  714 B) and across touch electrode  710 B (e.g., on a layer different from touch electrode  710 B). In some examples, this downward route can be a straight line and need not be routed in a serpentine routing pattern. In such examples, because touch electrode  710 B is a more rigid material, serpentine routing may not be necessary when flexible electrode connector  704 A is within the area of touch electrode  710 B, because flexing within that area can be minimal to non-existent. In some examples, when flexible electrode connector  704 A reaches the gap between touch electrode  710 B and  714 B, flexible electrode connector  704 A can resume its serpentine routing pattern and route diagonally in a upward-leftward direction (e.g., parallel to touch electrode  714 B). When flexible electrode connector  704 A reaches the left corner or approaches the top-left edge of touch electrode  710 B, flexible electrode connector  704 A can then loop back and route diagonally in a downward-rightward direction (e.g., parallel to touch electrode  714 B, but in the opposite direction as previously). In some examples, flexible electrode connector  704 A can then couple to an edge of touch electrode  714 B (e.g., electrically and mechanically coupled to touch electrode  714 A at that edge). Thus, flexible electrode connector  704 A can partially traverse the gap between touch electrodes  710 B and  714 B (e.g., in the gap and/or along the gap between the two adjacent electrodes). Although  FIG. 7  illustrates flexible electrode connector  704 A coupling to the edges of touch electrode  714 A and  714 B, it is understood that the flexible electrode connectors can be connected to the corners of the respective touch electrodes, similar to that described above with respect to  FIG. 5A . 
     The serpentine routing pattern of flexible electrode connector  702 A will now be described. In some examples, as shown in  FIG. 7 , a row of touch electrodes can be electrically coupled by flexible electrode connectors. For example, touch electrode  710 A can be electrically coupled to touch electrode  710 B via flexible electrode connectors  702 A and  702 B. In some examples, flexible electrode connectors  702 A and  702 B can be a flexible metal trace. In some examples, the touch electrodes can be a rigid material, a semi-rigid material, or otherwise more rigid than the flexible electrode connectors. In some examples, flexible electrode connectors  702 A and  702 B can be routed in parallel to provide two parallel electrical connections between touch electrodes  710 A and  710 B. In some examples, having two parallel connectors can provide mechanical stability while flexible touch sensor panel  700  is flexing or otherwise experiencing mechanical pressure. In some examples, a single flexible electrode connector can be used to electrically couple touch electrodes  710 A and  710 B. As shown in  FIG. 7 , flexible electrode connector  702 A and  702 B can couple to an edge of touch electrode  710 A and touch electrode  710 B. In some examples, the routing of flexible electrode connector  702 B can be a reflection of flexible electrode connector  702 A across an axis (e.g., the horizontal axis). 
     In some examples, flexible electrode connectors  702 A and  702 B can have a routing pattern which allows touch electrodes  710 A and  710 B to move closer together or farther away from each other while maintaining electrical connectivity (e.g., without breaking the flexible electrode connectors or otherwise disconnecting the electrical connection). In some examples, flexible electrode connector  702 A and  702 B can have a serpentine routing pattern or a butterfly routing pattern. In some examples, flexible electrode connector  702 A and  702 B can have other routing patterns, including zigzags, meanders, loops, a series of buckles, or any other suitable routing pattern allows stretching or twisting of the flexible electrode connector while maintaining electrical coupling and connectivity. For example, starting from the upper-right edge of touch electrode  710 A (e.g., electrically and mechanically coupled to touch electrode  710 A at that edge), flexible electrode connector  702 A can first route diagonally in an upward-leftward direction (e.g., diagonally away from touch electrode  710 B), parallel to the upper-right edge of touch electrode  710 A. When flexible electrode connector  702 A reaches the top corner or approaches the upper-left edge of touch electrode  710 A, flexible electrode connector  702 A can then loop back and route diagonally in a downward-rightward direction (diagonally towards touch electrode  710 B). In some examples, flexible electrode connector  702 A can loop back before reaching the upper-left edge of touch electrode  710 A. Before flexible electrode connector  702 A reaches the point where flexible electrode connector  704 B couples to touch electrode  714 A, flexible electrode connector  702 A can route into the area of touch electrode  714 A. Thus, flexible electrode connector  702 A can partially traverse the gap between touch electrodes  710 A and  714 A (e.g., in the gap and/or along the gap between the two adjacent electrodes). In some examples, flexible electrode connector  702 A can route in an upper-rightward direction into the area of touch electrode  714 A (e.g., at a layer different from touch electrode  714 A to avoid electrically coupling with touch electrode  714 A). In some examples, after flexible electrode connector  702 A routes into the area of touch electrode  714 A, flexible electrode connector  702 A can follow the shape of touch electrode  714 A (e.g., following the shape of the bottom corner of electrode  714 A to route around the bottom corner to the lower-right edge of touch electrode  714 A). For example, after routing into the area of touch electrode  714 A, flexible electrode connector can route around the coupling point between flexible electrode connector  704 B and touch electrode  714 A. After routing around the coupling point, flexible electrode connector  702 A can continue along the area of touch electrode  714 A (e.g., the lower-left edge of touch electrode  714 A) in a downward-rightward direction (e.g., without breaching into the gap of touch electrode  714 A). In some examples, when flexible electrode connector  702 A reaches or approaches the bottom corner of touch electrode  714 A, flexible electrode connector  702 A can turn in an upward-rightward direction and continue following the area of touch electrode  714 A (e.g., the lower-right edge of touch electrode  714 A). In some examples, flexible electrode connector  702 A can route around the coupling point between flexible electrode connector  704 A and touch electrode  714 A. After routing around the coupling point, flexible electrode connector  702 A can exit the area of touch electrode  714 A in a downward-rightward direction. In some examples, the route of flexible electrode connector  702 A while in the area of touch electrode  714 A can be in straight line paths and need not be routed in a serpentine routing pattern. In such examples, because touch electrode  714 A is a more rigid material, serpentine routing may not be necessary when flexible electrode connector  702 A is within the area of touch electrode  714 A, because flexing within that area can be minimal to non-existent. In some examples, when flexible electrode connector  702 A reaches the gap between touch electrodes  714 A and  710 B, flexible electrode connector  702 A can route in an upward-rightward direction (e.g., parallel to the lower-right edge of touch electrode  714 A). In some examples, when flexible electrode connector  702 A reaches the right corner or approaches the upper-right edge of touch electrode  714 B, flexible electrode connector  702 A can then loop back and route diagonally in a downward-leftward direction (e.g., parallel to touch electrode  710 B, but in the opposite direction as previously). In some examples, flexible electrode connector  702 A can loop back before reaching the top-left edge of touch electrode  710 B. In some examples, flexible electrode connector  702 A can then couple to the edge of touch electrode  710 B (e.g., electrically and mechanically coupled to touch electrode  710 B at that edge). Thus, flexible electrode connector  702 A can partially traverse the gap between touch electrodes  714 A and  710 B (e.g., in the gap and/or along the gap between the two adjacent electrodes). 
     In some examples, flexible electrode connector  702 A can be routed in a different layer as touch electrodes  710 A,  710 B, and  714 B. In some examples, a portion of flexible electrode connector  702 A can be routed on the same layer as touch electrodes  710 A,  710 B, and  714 B (e.g., the areas which do not risk unintentional coupling with other electrodes) and a portion of flexible electrode connector  702 A can be routed on a different layer as touch electrodes  710 A,  710 B, and  714 B (e.g., the areas which risk unintentional coupling with other electrodes, such as when flexible electrode connector  702 A routes into the area of touch electrode  714 A and follows the edge of touch electrode  714 A). Although  FIG. 7  illustrates flexible electrode connector  702 A coupling to edges of touch electrode  710 A and  710 B, it is understood that the flexible electrode connectors can be connected at the corners of the respective touch electrodes, similar to that described above with respect to  FIG. 5A . 
     In some examples, the serpentine routing pattern described above can allow flexible electrode connectors  704 A and  702 A to flex, bend, twist, or otherwise change its shape in response to the respective touch electrodes moving closer together or farther away from each other. In some examples, when flexible touch sensor panel  700  is not experiencing bending, flexing, twisting, or other mechanical forces, the shape of flexible electrode connectors  704 A and  702 A can return to the above-described routing pattern (e.g., resting or equilibrium shape). For example, the serpentine routing pattern (or the material of flexible electrode connector  702 A in combination with the serpentine routing pattern) can allow flexible electrode connector  702 A to return to its resting (equilibrium) position and/or can exert a mechanical force on touch electrodes  710 A and/or  710 B to return the touch electrodes back to their resting (equilibrium) positions and/or to return to their resting (equilibrium) distances with respect to each other and/or other touch electrodes. In some examples, other flexible routing patterns can be used. In some examples, flexible electrode connectors  706 A,  706 B,  708 A and  708 B can have similar routing patterns as flexible electrode connectors  702 A,  702 B,  704 A, and  708 B, respectively (e.g., to electrically couple touch electrodes  714 B and  714 C, and touch electrodes  712 A and  712 B, respectively). In some examples, the flexible electrode connectors can comprise one or more layers, including a metallic layer that provides electrical connectivity. In some examples, the one or more layers can comprise a polyimide (PI) layer, which can provide mechanical stability to the flexible electrical connectors when flexing, as described above. For example, flexible electrode connectors  704 A can have a stackup similar to stackup  600  and  620  described with reference to  FIGS. 6A-6B  and flexible electrode connectors  702 A can have a stackup similar to stackup  640  and  660  described with reference to  FIGS. 6C-6D . 
     In some examples, flexible touch sensor panel  700  can include drive/sense circuitry  720  and  722 . In some examples, electrode connectors  716 A,  716 B, and  718  can be flexible electrode connectors similar to flexible electrode connectors described above and can have a similar serpentine routing pattern. In some examples, a portion of electrode connectors  716 A,  716 B, and  718  can have a serpentine routing pattern and a portion of electrode connectors  716 A,  716 B, and  718  can have a more conventional routing pattern. In some examples, drive/sense circuitry  720  and  722  can drive and/or sense the mutual capacitance of the electrodes. In such examples, drive/sense circuitry  720  can drive the row electrodes while drive/sense circuitry  722  can sense the column electrodes. In some examples, drive/sense circuitry  722  can drive the column electrodes while drive/sense circuitry  720  can sense the row electrodes. In some examples, drive/sense circuitry  720  and  722  can be configured to drive and/or sense self-capacitance of the electrodes. In some examples, drive/sense circuitry  720  and  722  can include drive/sense interface  225  and can include exemplary touch sensor circuits described with respect to  FIGS. 3A-3B . In some examples, drive/sense circuitry  720  and  722  can be the same as or similar to drive/sense circuitry  514  described above. For example, touch electrode  710 A (and/or touch electrode  710 B) can correspond to sense electrode  326  and can alter mutual capacitance  324  when a finger (e.g., finger  305 ) and/or object approaches or contacts the intersection of touch electrode  710 A and a drive electrode. Similarly, touch electrode  714 C (and/or touch electrodes  714 A and  714 B) can correspond to drive electrode  322  and can alter mutual capacitance  324  when a finger (e.g., finger  305 ) and/or object approaches or contacts the intersection of touch electrode  714 C and a sense electrode. In some examples, drive/sense circuitry  720  and  722  can be integrated into a single drive/sense circuitry. 
     Although  FIG. 7  illustrates an exemplary serpentine routing pattern for column electrodes and an exemplary serpentine routing pattern for row electrodes, it is understood that any of the flexible electrode connectors can have a different flexible routing pattern, such as those described above with respect to  FIGS. 5A-5C . 
       FIG. 8  illustrates an exemplary device  800  including a flexible touch sensor panel  802  and an LED panel  806  according to examples of the disclosure. In some examples, flexible touch sensor panel  802  can be similar to the flexible touch sensor panels described above, such as flexible touch sensor panel  500 ,  540 , and  700 . In some examples, flexible touch sensor panel  802  can include rows and columns of touch electrodes, including touch electrodes  804 A-C, to name a few. In some examples, LED panel  806  can include an array of LEDs (or other light emitting source, such as an LCD display panel), such as LEDs  808 A-D, to name a few. In some example, LEDs  808 A-D can be individual LEDs. In some examples, the individual LEDs can all be a single color or can comprise different colors. In some example, LEDs  808 A-D can each be a cluster of LEDs. In some examples, LEDs  808 A-D can be a RGB cluster of LEDs (e.g., contain three LEDs that emit red, green, and blue, respectively). 
     In some examples, LED panel  806  can be layered below flexible touch sensor panel  802 . In some examples, the flexible touch sensor panel can include touch electrodes with gaps, similar to those described above in  FIG. 7 . In some examples, the gaps in the touch electrode material can allow light from LEDs on LED panel  806  to pass through the gaps. In some examples, each LED cluster (or individual LEDs) can align with a respective touch electrode/touch electrode gap. In some examples, the LED clusters (or individual LEDs) are not aligned with corresponding touch electrodes/touch electrode gaps on flexible touch sensor panel  802 . In some examples, LED panel  806  can provide a backlight to flexible touch sensor panel  802 . In some examples, LED panel  806  can dynamically change colors and appear to the user as images on flexible touch sensor panel  802 . In some examples, the LEDs on LED panel  806  can create patterns on device  800  which, when touched by a user and sensed by flexible touch sensor panel  802 , can activate a function on the wearable device. For example, the LEDs on the LED panel  806  can be arranged and/or lit in a pattern to form “play” and “pause” virtual buttons and flexible touch sensor panel  802  can detect touch at the respective locations of the “play” and “pause” virtual buttons and can activate the respective play or pause function on the wearable device. Although  FIG. 8  illustrates the LED panel as below the flexible touch sensor panel, it is understood that the LED panel can be formed above the flexible touch sensor panel. In some examples, the LED panel can be formed on touch sensor panel  902  itself (e.g., fabricated onto touch sensor panel  902  as a part of fabricating touch sensor panel  902 ). In some examples, the LED panel can be separately fabricated and be layered onto flexible touch sensor panel  902  (e.g., by adhesive and/or other bonding method). 
       FIG. 9  illustrates an exemplary device  900  including flexible touch sensor panel  902  and waveguide layers  910  and  920  according to examples of the disclosure. In some examples, flexible touch sensor panel  902  can be similar to the flexible touch sensor panels described above, such as flexible touch sensor panel  500 ,  540 , and  700 . In some examples, flexible touch sensor panel  902  can include rows and columns of touch electrodes, including touch electrodes  904 A-C, to name a few. In some examples, device  900  can include one or more waveguide layers and each waveguide layer can include one or more waveguides. For example, waveguide layer  910  can include waveguide  912  and waveguide layer  920  can include waveguide  922  and waveguide  924 . In some examples, a waveguide can provide a single color (e.g., be coupled to a static light source/LED) or can be provided dynamically changing colors (e.g., be coupled to a dynamic light source/LED). In some examples, the waveguide layer can be etched to refract light travelling through the waveguide towards the surface of device  900 . In some examples, a waveguide can include one or more etchings along the waveguide. For example, waveguide  912  can include waveguide etching  914  to refract light from waveguide  912  towards the surface. In some examples, waveguide  922  can include waveguide etching  926  and waveguide  924  can include waveguide etching  928  and  930 . In some examples, the etchings can be formed in particular patterns such that when light is provided into the waveguide, the refracted light form patterns that appear to the user as images or virtual buttons on device  900 . In some examples, when flexible touch sensor panel  902  senses a touch of a user on the virtual buttons created by the waveguides, a corresponding function can be activated on the wearable device. For example, the etchings on the waveguides can be arranged and/or lit in a pattern to form “play” and “pause” virtual buttons and flexible touch sensor panel  902  can detect touch at the respective locations of the “play” and “pause” virtual buttons and activate the respective play or pause function on the wearable device. In some examples, the waveguides can be arranged along the length of the strap of a wearable device (e.g., strap  154 ). In some examples, the waveguides can be arranged to form a rainbow pattern (e.g., one red waveguide followed by one green waveguide, followed by one blue waveguide, etc.). In some examples, the waveguides can be arranged to form an edge highlight pattern (e.g., the center of the strap includes one color while the edges of the band include a second, different color). In some examples, the waveguides can be arranged to form play, pause, forward, reverse buttons (e.g., for media control) and/or pick-up and hang-up buttons (e.g., for telephone control). 
     Although  FIG. 9  illustrates the waveguide layers as above the flexible touch sensor panel, it is understood that the waveguide layers can be formed below the flexible touch sensor panel (e.g., with light refracted by the waveguide etchings traveling through the gaps in the touch electrodes). For example, waveguide layers  910  and  920  can be formed above flexible touch sensor panel  902 , below flexible touch sensor panel  902  or can be formed both above and below flexible touch sensor panel  902 . In some examples, the waveguide layers can be formed on touch sensor panel  902  itself (e.g., fabricated onto touch sensor panel  902  as a part of fabricating touch sensor panel  902 ). In some examples, waveguide layers can be separately fabricated and be layered onto flexible touch sensor panel  902  (e.g., by adhesive and/or other bonding method). 
     Therefore, according to the above, some examples of the disclosure are directed to a touch sensor panel. The touch sensor panel can comprise a plurality of touch electrodes, including a first touch electrode and a second touch electrode; and a first electrode connector electrically coupling the first touch electrode and the second touch electrode, wherein a shape of the first electrode connector is configured to allow the first touch electrode and the second touch electrode to move closer together and farther away from each other while maintaining the electrical coupling between the first touch electrode and the second touch electrode. 
     Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the touch sensor panel can be flexible. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the plurality of touch electrodes can include a first set of touch electrodes arranged in a row and a second set of touch electrodes arranged in a column. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, each touch electrode of the first set of touch electrodes arranged in a row can be electrically coupled to an adjacent touch electrode of the first set of touch electrodes via one or more respective electrode connectors, wherein the shape of the one or more respective electrode connectors can be configured to allow a respective touch electrode and the adjacent touch electrode to move closer together and farther away from each other while maintaining the electrical coupling between the respective touch electrode and the adjacent touch electrode; and each touch electrode of the second set of touch electrodes arranged in a column can be electrically coupled to an adjacent touch electrode of the second set of touch electrodes via one or more given electrode connectors, wherein the shape of the one or more given electrode connectors can be configured to allow a given touch electrode and the adjacent touch electrode to move closer together and farther away from each other while maintaining the electrical coupling between the given touch electrode and the adjacent touch electrode. 
     Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the plurality of touch electrodes can be configured to measure a capacitance between adjacent touch electrodes. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the shape of the first electrode connector can include a first section of the first electrode connector that routes diagonally away from the first touch electrode coupled to a second section of the first electrode connector that routes diagonally towards the first touch electrode. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the shape of the first electrode connector can include a first section of the first electrode connector that routes diagonally away from the second touch electrode coupled to a second section of the first electrode connector that routes diagonally towards the second touch electrode. 
     Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the shape of the first electrode connector can include a first section, coupled to the first touch electrode, that routes parallel to an edge of the first touch electrode. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the shape of the first electrode connector can include a first section, coupled to the second touch electrode, that routes parallel to an edge of the second touch electrode. Additionally or alternatively, the shape of the first electrode connector can include a first section that routes across a third touch electrode without electrically coupling with the third touch electrode. Additionally or alternatively, the first section of the first electrode connector that routes across the third touch electrode can be routed in a layer of the touch sensor panel different from a layer in which the third touch electrode is formed. Additionally or alternatively, the touch sensor panel can further comprise a second electrode connector electrically coupling the first touch electrode and the second touch electrode in parallel with the first electrode connector, wherein a shape of the second electrode connector can be configured to allow the first touch electrode and the second touch electrode to move closer together and farther away from each other while maintaining the electrical coupling between the first touch electrode and the second touch electrode. 
     Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the touch sensor panel can comprise a plurality of layers; the plurality of touch electrodes can be patterned on a first layer of the plurality of layers; and at least a portion of the first electrode connector can be patterned on a second layer, different from the first layer, of the plurality of layers. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the touch sensor panel can comprise a plurality of layers; the plurality of touch electrodes can be patterned on a first layer of the plurality of layers; and at least a portion of the first electrode connector can be patterned on the first layer of the plurality of layers. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, an LED panel, including a plurality of LEDs, can be formed below the touch sensor panel. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, one or more touch electrodes of the plurality of touch electrodes can include a gap configured to allow light to pass through the gap. 
     Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the shape of the first electrode connector can be further configured to route across one of the one of more touch electrodes within an area of the one of the one or more touch electrodes without blocking the gap in the one of the one or more touch electrodes. Additionally or alternatively, one or more waveguide layers can be formed above the touch sensor panel, wherein the waveguide layers include one or more etches configured to refract light. Additionally or alternatively, the plurality of touch electrodes can include a first set of touch electrodes arranged in a row and a second set of touch electrodes arranged in a column; and wherein: a first set of electrode connectors can electrically couple the first set of touch electrodes and can comprise a first serpentine routing pattern including traversing the gaps between the plurality of electrodes; and a second set of electrodes connectors can electrically couple the second set of touch electrodes and can comprise a second serpentine routing pattern, different from the first serpentine routing pattern, including at least partially traversing the gaps between the plurality of electrodes and routing across at least one touch electrode of the first set of touch electrodes. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the touch sensor panel can be formed within a flexible material. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the flexible material can form at least part of a strap of a wearable device. 
     Some examples of the disclosure are directed to a touch sensor panel. In some examples, the touch sensor panel can comprise a plurality of individually-addressable touch electrodes, including a first touch electrode electrically coupled to a first electrical connector configured to be coupled to sense circuitry, and a second touch electrode electrically coupled to a second electrical connector configured to be coupled to sense circuitry; and a first mechanical electrode connector mechanically coupling the first touch electrode and the second touch electrode, wherein a shape of the first mechanical electrode connector is configured to allow the first touch electrode and the second touch electrode to move towards and farther away from each other while maintaining the mechanical coupling between the first touch electrode and the second touch electrode. 
     Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the shape of the first mechanical electrode connector can include: a first section, mechanically coupled to the first touch electrode, that routes parallel to an edge of the first touch electrode and diagonally away from the second touch electrode; a second section, mechanically coupled to the first section, that routes parallel to the edge of the first touch electrode and diagonally towards the second touch electrode; a third section, mechanically coupled to the second section, that routes parallel to an edge of the second electrode and diagonally away from the first touch electrode; and a fourth section, mechanically coupled to the third section and the second touch electrode, that routes parallel to the edge of the second electrode and diagonally towards the first touch electrode. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the plurality of individually-addressable touch electrodes can include a first set of touch electrodes arranged in a row and a second set of touch electrodes arranged in a column; wherein: a first set of electrode connectors can mechanically couple the first set of touch electrodes and can comprise a first serpentine routing pattern including traversing the gaps between the plurality of electrodes; and a second set of electrodes connectors can mechanically couple the second set of touch electrodes and can comprise a second serpentine routing pattern, different from the first serpentine routing pattern, including at least partially traversing the gaps between the plurality of electrodes and routing across at least one touch electrode of the first set of touch electrodes. 
     Some examples of the disclosure are directed to a method of fabricating a touch sensor panel. In some examples, the method can comprise forming a plurality of touch electrodes, including a first touch electrode and a second touch electrode; and forming a first electrode connector electrically coupling the first touch electrode and the second touch electrode, wherein a shape of the first electrode connector is configured to allow the first touch electrode and the second touch electrode to move closer together and farther away from each other while maintaining the electrical coupling between the first touch electrode and the second touch electrode. 
     Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the touch sensor panel can be flexible. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the plurality of touch electrodes can include a first set of touch electrodes arranged in a row and a second set of touch electrodes arranged in a column. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, each touch electrode of the first set of touch electrodes arranged in a row can be electrically coupled to an adjacent touch electrode of the first set of touch electrodes via one or more respective electrode connectors, wherein the shape of the one or more respective electrode connectors can be configured to allow a respective touch electrode and the adjacent touch electrode to move closer together and farther away from each other while maintaining the electrical coupling between the respective touch electrode and the adjacent touch electrode; and each touch electrode of the second set of touch electrodes arranged in a column can be electrically coupled to an adjacent touch electrode of the second set of touch electrodes via one or more given electrode connectors, wherein the shape of the one or more given electrode connectors is configured to allow a given touch electrode and the adjacent touch electrode to move closer together and farther away from each other while maintaining the electrical coupling between the given touch electrode and the adjacent touch electrode. 
     Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the shape of the first electrode connector can include a first section of the first electrode connector that routes diagonally away from the first touch electrode coupled to a second section of the first electrode connector that routes diagonally towards the first touch electrode. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the shape of the first electrode connector can include a first section of the first electrode connector that routes diagonally away from the second touch electrode coupled to a second section of the first electrode connector that routes diagonally towards the second touch electrode. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the shape of the first electrode connector can include a first section, coupled to the first touch electrode, that routes parallel to an edge of the first touch electrode. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the shape of the first electrode connector can include a first section, coupled to the second touch electrode, that routes parallel to an edge of the second touch electrode. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the shape of the first electrode connector can include a first section that routes across a third touch electrode without electrically coupling with the third touch electrode. 
     Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the first section of the first electrode connector that routes across the third touch electrode can be patterned in a layer of the touch sensor panel different from a layer in which the third touch electrode is patterned. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the method can further comprise forming a second electrode connector electrically coupling the first touch electrode and the second touch electrode in parallel with the first electrode connector, wherein a shape of the second electrode connector can be configured to allow the first touch electrode and the second touch electrode to move closer together and farther away from each other while maintaining the electrical coupling between the first touch electrode and the second touch electrode. 
     Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the touch sensor panel can comprise a plurality of layers; the plurality of touch electrodes can be patterned on a first layer of the plurality of layers; and at least a portion of the first electrode connector can be patterned on a second layer, different from the first layer, of the plurality of layers. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the touch sensor panel can comprise a plurality of layers; the plurality of touch electrodes can be patterned on a first layer of the plurality of layers; and at least a portion of the first electrode connector can be patterned on the first layer of the plurality of layers. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, an LED panel, including a plurality of LEDs, can be formed below the touch sensor panel. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, one or more touch electrodes of the plurality of touch electrodes can include a gap configured to allow light to pass through the gap. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the shape of the first electrode connector can be further configured to route across one of the one of more touch electrodes within an area of the one of the one or more touch electrodes without blocking the gap in the one of the one or more touch electrodes. 
     Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, one or more waveguide layers can be formed above the touch sensor panel, wherein the waveguide layers can include one or more etches configured to refract light. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the plurality of touch electrodes can include a first set of touch electrodes arranged in a row and a second set of touch electrodes arranged in a column; wherein: a first set of electrode connectors can electrically couple the first set of touch electrodes and can comprise a first serpentine routing pattern including traversing the gaps between the plurality of electrodes; and a second set of electrodes connectors electrically can couple the second set of touch electrodes and can comprise a second serpentine routing pattern, different from the first serpentine routing pattern, including at least partially traversing the gaps between the plurality of electrodes and routing across at least one touch electrode of the first set of touch electrodes. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the touch sensor panel can be formed within a flexible material. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the flexible material can form at least part of a strap of a wearable device. 
     Some examples of the disclosure are directed to a method of fabricating a touch sensor panel. In some examples, the method can comprise forming a plurality of individually-addressable touch electrodes, including a first touch electrode electrically coupled to a first electrical connector configured to be coupled to sense circuitry, and a second touch electrode electrically coupled to a second electrical connector configured to be coupled to sense circuitry; and forming a first mechanical electrode connector mechanically coupling the first touch electrode and the second touch electrode, wherein a shape of the first mechanical electrode connector is configured to allow the first touch electrode and the second touch electrode to move towards and farther away from each other while maintaining the mechanical coupling between the first touch electrode and the second touch electrode. 
     Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the shape of the first mechanical electrode connector can include: a first section, mechanically coupled to the first touch electrode, that can route parallel to an edge of the first touch electrode and diagonally away from the second touch electrode; a second section, mechanically coupled to the first section, that can route parallel to the edge of the first touch electrode and diagonally towards the second touch electrode; a third section, mechanically coupled to the second section, that can route parallel to an edge of the second electrode and diagonally away from the first touch electrode; and a fourth section, mechanically coupled to the third section and the second touch electrode, that can route parallel to the edge of the second electrode and diagonally towards the first touch electrode. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the plurality of individually-addressable touch electrodes can include a first set of touch electrodes arranged in a row and a second set of touch electrodes arranged in a column; wherein: a first set of electrode connectors can mechanically couple the first set of touch electrodes and can comprise a first serpentine routing pattern including traversing the gaps between the plurality of electrodes; and a second set of electrodes connectors can mechanically couple the second set of touch electrodes and can comprise a second serpentine routing pattern, different from the first serpentine routing pattern, including at least partially traversing the gaps between the plurality of electrodes and routing across at least one touch electrode of the first set of touch electrodes. 
     Although examples of this disclosure have been fully described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be noted that various changes and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications are to be understood as being included within the scope of examples of this disclosure as defined by the appended claims.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20190906
Publication Date: 20210511
Grant Date: 20210511
Priority Date: 20180924
Inventors: HSU, YUNG-YU
HA, Mingjing
DRZAIC, PAUL S.
LUM, DAVID W.
BRADFORD, BRYCE T.
GANDHI, Shubham
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H04M1/0268", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/0339", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/169", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/163", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G04G21/08", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1643", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0448", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0443", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04102", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04103", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0412", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09F9/301", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1652", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/044", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04102", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04M2250/22", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09F9/301", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04103", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02F1/13338", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0412", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/044", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04103", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0412", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09F9/301", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04M2250/22", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04M1/0268", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02F1/13338", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1652", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04102", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04M1/0268", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 75845948