PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-11751182-B2
Application Number: US-202217846943-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Transmission delay compensation for intra-frequency band communication

Abstract:
The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for operating transceiver circuitry to transmit or receive signals on various frequency ranges. To do so, an electronic device may determine a receive delay between one or more messages received on different component carriers and may transmit the receive delay to a base station to update how communications are transmitted on one of the component carriers. The update made to at least one of the component carriers may compensate for the receive delay between the different component carriers. Compensating for the receive delay may improve operations that delay downlink communications to reduce a likelihood or stop simultaneous downlink and uplink communications by further adjusting for delays seen at an electronic device when communicating with base stations disposed at a different distances from the electronic device.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A user equipment comprising:
 an antenna panel; 
 a transmitter communicatively coupled to the antenna panel; 
 a receiver communicatively coupled to the antenna panel; and 
 one or more processors communicatively coupled to the transmitter and the receiver, wherein the one or more processors are configured to
 operate the receiver to receive a first packet via a component carrier from a first network, 
 receive a signal strength associated with the component carrier, 
 assign the antenna panel to the component carrier based on the signal strength, and 
 operate the transmitter to transmit an indication to the first network that simultaneous uplink operations and downlink operations are permitted based on assignment of the antenna panel. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The user equipment of  claim 1 , wherein the one or more processors are configured to permit the simultaneous uplink operations and downlink operations based on a signal quality associated with the component carrier and the assignment of the antenna panel to the component carrier. 
     
     
       3. The user equipment of  claim 1 , wherein the one or more processors are configured to permit the simultaneous uplink operations and downlink operations based on the signal strength exceeding a threshold amount and the assignment of the antenna panel. 
     
     
       4. The user equipment of  claim 1 , wherein the one or more processors are configured to operate the transmitter to use the component carrier to transmit the indication to the first network. 
     
     
       5. The user equipment of  claim 1 , comprising a plurality of antenna panels that includes the antenna panel, wherein the one or more processors are configured to select the antenna panel from the plurality of antenna panels based on a signal strength associated with each respective antenna panel of the plurality of antenna panels. 
     
     
       6. The user equipment of  claim 1 , wherein the one or more processors are configured to tune the antenna panel from another component carrier to the component carrier based on assigning the antenna panel to the component carrier. 
     
     
       7. A method, comprising:
 receiving, at a receiver of an electronic device, a first packet via a first component carrier from a first network; 
 determining, by one or more processors of the electronic device, a signal strength associated with the first component carrier; 
 assigning, by the one or more processors, an antenna panel to the first component carrier based on the signal strength; and 
 transmitting, by a transmitter of the electronic device, a first indication to the first network that simultaneous uplink operations and downlink operations are permitted based on assignment of the antenna panel. 
 
     
     
       8. The method of  claim 7 , comprising:
 comparing the signal strength to a threshold signal strength; and 
 permitting the simultaneous uplink operations and downlink operations based on the comparison. 
 
     
     
       9. The method of  claim 7 , comprising:
 assigning, by the one or more processors, a second component carrier to the antenna panel; 
 receiving, at the receiver, a third packet via the second component carrier from a second network; 
 determining, by the one or more processors, a receive delay between a first time that the first packet was received via the first component carrier and a second time at which the third packet was received via the second component carrier; 
 transmitting, at the receiver, a second indication of the receive delay to the first network based on the receive delay being greater than a threshold amount; and 
 receiving, at the receiver, a communication configuration via the first component carrier generated based the second indication. 
 
     
     
       10. The method of  claim 9 , wherein the first component carrier transmits the first packet using a first frequency range, and wherein the second component carrier transmits the third packet using a second frequency range different from the first frequency range. 
     
     
       11. The method of  claim 10 , wherein the first frequency range and the second frequency range each comprise frequencies between 24 Gigahertz (GHz) and 48 GHz. 
     
     
       12. The method of  claim 9 , wherein the communication configuration is generated based on a numerology corresponding to the first component carrier, the numerology indicating a frequency of communication transmission sent via the first component carrier. 
     
     
       13. The method of  claim 7 , comprising receiving, by the receiver, a second packet via the first component carrier based on assigning the antenna panel to the first component carrier. 
     
     
       14. The method of  claim 7 , wherein the first component carrier corresponds to one or more frequencies between 24 Gigahertz (GHz) and 48 GHz. 
     
     
       15. A method, comprising:
 receiving, by one or more processors of a network, a first communication configuration to communicate with an electronic device; 
 transmitting, by a transmitter of the network, a first signal on a first component carrier according to the first communication configuration; 
 receiving, by a receiver of the network, an indication from the electronic device indicating that simultaneous uplink operations and downlink operations are permitted based on assigning a first antenna panel to the first component carrier and a second antenna panel to a second component carrier; and 
 transmitting, by the transmitter, a second signal to the electronic device on the first component carrier according to the first communication configuration based on the indication. 
 
     
     
       16. The method of  claim 15 , comprising:
 receiving, by the receiver of the network, an additional indication from the electronic device indicating that non-simultaneous uplink operations and downlink operations are permitted based on assigning the first antenna panel to the first component carrier and the second component carrier; 
 generating, by the one or more processors, a second communication configuration based on the indication indicating that the non-simultaneous uplink operations and downlink operations are permitted; 
 transmitting, by the transmitter, the second communication configuration to the electronic device on the first component carrier; 
 applying, by the one or more processors, the second communication configuration to replace the first communication configuration corresponding to the first component carrier; and 
 transmitting, by the transmitter, a third signal to the electronic device on the first component carrier according to the second communication configuration. 
 
     
     
       17. The method of  claim 16 , comprising transmitting, by the transmitter, a fourth signal to the electronic device on the second component carrier according to the second communication configuration based on the additional indication indicating that the non-simultaneous uplink operations and downlink operations are permitted. 
     
     
       18. The method of  claim 15 , comprising generating the first communication configuration, the first communication configuration being configured to cause the transmitter to operate the first component carrier and the second component carrier contiguously in a same frequency band, non-contiguously in the same frequency band, or in different frequency bands. 
     
     
       19. The method of  claim 15 , comprising assigning the first component carrier to the first antenna panel based on a signal strength of the first signal. 
     
     
       20. The method of  claim 15 , wherein the first component carrier corresponds to one or more frequencies between 24 Gigahertz (GHz) and 48 GHz.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/917,359, “TRANSMISSION DELAY COMPENSATION FOR INTRA-FREQUENCY BAND COMMUNICATION,” filed Jun. 30, 2020, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/975,445, “OPTIMIZATION OF MAXIMUM ROUND-TRIP DELAY IN HIGH FREQUENCY NR INTER-BAND CARRIER AGGREGATION COMBINATIONS,” filed Feb. 12, 2020, each of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     The present disclosure relates generally to electronic devices, and more particularly, to electronic devices that utilize radio frequency signals, transmitters, and receivers for wireless communication. 
     This section is intended to introduce the reader to various aspects of art that may be related to various aspects of the present disclosure, which are described and/or claimed below. This discussion is believed to be helpful in providing the reader with background information to facilitate a better understanding of the various aspects of the present disclosure. Accordingly, it should be understood that these statements are to be read in this light, and not as admissions of prior art. Wireless communication systems are rapidly growing in usage. In recent years, wireless devices such as smartphones and tablet computers have become increasingly sophisticated. In addition to supporting telephone calls, many mobile devices now provide access to the internet, email, text messaging, and navigation using the global positioning system (GPS), and are capable of operating sophisticated applications that utilize these functionalities. 
     Transmitters and/or receivers may be included in various electronic devices to enable communication between user equipment (e.g., user electronic devices, transmitting or receiving electronic devices) and core networks on said wireless networks, deployed through a variety of technologies including but not limited to access network base stations, such as an eNodeB (eNB) for long-term evolution (LTE) access networks and/or a next generation NodeB (gNB) for 5 th  generation (5G) access networks. In some electronic devices, a transmitter and a receiver are combined to form a transceiver. Transceivers may transmit and/or receive wireless signals by way of an antenna coupled to the transceiver, such as radio frequency (RF) signals indicative of data. 
     With the introduction of inter-band carrier aggregation for frequency range 2 (FR2), which includes frequency bands from 24.25 Gigahertz (GHz) to 52.6 GHz, in the release (Rel-16) of the New Radio standard release relating to 5G communications, a network deployment with distributed cells in the inter-band carrier aggregation (CA) combination may lead to large signal delay differences among aggregated carriers, as perceived by user equipment. Furthermore, hardware design constraints preclude full duplex operations of FR2 user equipment, and delays for a transition receive mode to transmit mode (RX/TX) and/or from transmit mode to receive mode (e.g., TX/RX) may be defined in a design specification concerning 5G communications and/or LTE communications. Indeed, variable signal delay differences between aggregated carriers and the RX/TX and TX/RX switching delays may cause the network to not desirably allocate uplink resources and downlink resources to the user equipment. 
     Indeed, when a wireless network is provided through one or more network access nodes (e.g., access network base stations, base stations) physically separated from each other, a combination of the base stations communicating with an electronic device may change as the electronic device is physically moved but still registered to the access network (e.g., wireless network). Any suitable technology may implement the techniques described herein with reference to base stations (e.g., network access nodes). In these cases, one or more transceivers of the electronic device may be used to receive communications from one or more base stations and/or from one or more component carriers. When transmitting circuitry is shared between base stations and/or component carriers, simultaneous transmissions, such as simultaneous uplink and downlink communications on a first component carrier and on a second component carrier, may not occur. To enable non-simultaneous uplink and downlink communications, processing circuitry of the base station and/or of the electronic device may use symbols and timing of respective symbols to assign uplink and downlink communication periods. In this way, the base station and/or the electronic device may operate according to a first communication configuration that defines when and how frequently downlink operations are to occur, when and how frequently uplink operations are to occur, how frequently operations are to pause in general to permit another uplink operation to occur, or the like. 
     When operating to avoid simultaneous transmissions, an electronic device may transmit a control signal to a first base station and to a second base station to indicate an incoming uplink operation to the first base station. In response to receiving the control signal, the first base station may prepare to receive the uplink communication and the second base station may delay ongoing downlink communications. However, delaying the downlink communications as performed by the second base station ultimately slows the downlink communications and may be inefficient. 
     Various refinements of the features noted above may exist in relation to various aspects of the present disclosure. Further features may also be incorporated in these various aspects as well. These refinements and additional features may exist individually or in any combination. For instance, various features discussed below in relation to one or more of the illustrated embodiments may be incorporated into any of the above-described aspects of the present disclosure alone or in any combination. The brief summary presented above is intended to familiarize the reader with certain aspects and contexts of embodiments of the present disclosure without limitation to the claimed subject matter. 
     SUMMARY 
     A summary of certain embodiments disclosed herein is set forth below. It should be understood that these aspects are presented merely to provide the reader with a brief summary of these certain embodiments and that these aspects are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Indeed, this disclosure may encompass a variety of aspects that may not be set forth below. 
     To accommodate communications from multiple base stations (e.g., multiple access nodes) and/or on multiple component carriers, an electronic device (e.g., user equipment) may include a transceiver that may communicate with the multiple base stations and/or the multiple component carriers. When operating to avoid simultaneous transmissions, the electronic device may transmit a control signal to a first base station and to a second base station to indicate an incoming uplink operation to the first base station. In response to receiving the control signal, the first base station may prepare to receive the uplink communication and the second base station may delay ongoing downlink communications. Delaying downlink communications may permit uplink communication between the first base station and the electronic device to occur without interference from downlink communications from the second base station. When the second base station interrupts the downlink communication, symbols of the downlink communications may be dropped. 
     However, as will be appreciated and disclosed herein, these operations may be improved by scheduling uplink communications (e.g., scheduling uplink allocations) based on delays associated with an electronic device receiving communications from different component carriers, such as component carriers associated with different base stations. For example, the electronic device and/or a first base station may determine a difference in time between when the electronic device receives a message from the first base station and when the electronic device receives a message from the second base station. The first base station may proceed to delay an uplink operation requested by the electronic device by the difference in time to compensate for the delay between the two base stations. When operating in this way, fewer symbols of the downlink communication of the second base station may be dropped, thereby permitting a more efficient operation of the wireless network. 
     Various embodiments may be used to deploy the disclosed systems. For example, the second base station may delay the uplink operation by a same (e.g., fixed) delay amount each time as the difference in time. Furthermore, when more than two base stations are communicating with the electronic device, the electronic device may determine the longest delay between each communication, and transmit the longest delay to the first base station as the difference in time. In some cases, the electronic device may report the difference in time as part of a report transmitted to the base station, such as part of a user equipment assistance information report. Furthermore, in some cases, one or more of the base stations may determine the delay between communications. For example, a first base station may determine the delay amount based on signals or messages received from one or more other base stations and/or based on a message from the electronic device using timing for one or more of the other base stations. Base stations may also consider frequency of communications (e.g., numerologies used to deploy each base station) when delaying communications. Furthermore, in some cases, the base stations may operate to delay communications based on an indication that the electronic device is able to perform simultaneous communication. 
     In some embodiments, user equipment may include a transmitter and a receiver. The user equipment may include a processor communicatively coupled to the transmitter and the receiver. Additionally, the user equipment may include memory that includes instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations. The operations performed by the processor may include operating the receiver to receive a first packet at a first time and a second packet at a second time, and may include determining a first difference between the first time and the second time. The operations performed by the processor may include operating the transmitter to transmit an indication of the first difference via a first component carrier to a first base station. The processor may also, when performing the operations, operate the receiver to receive a communication configuration from the first base station via the first component carrier, where the communication configuration may be generated by the first base station based on the first difference between the first time and the second time. The operations performed by the processor may include applying the communication configuration to adjust operation of the receiver, the transmitter, or both according to parameters specified in the communication configuration, and operating the receiver to receive a third packet via the first component carrier according to the communication configuration. 
     Furthermore, in some embodiments, a method performed according to the discussions herein may involve receiving, by a processor of an electronic device, a first packet via a first component carrier at a first time according to a first communication configuration. The method may also involve receiving, by the processor, a second packet via a second component carrier at a second time according to a second communication configuration. In some cases, the method may involve the processor determining a receive delay at least in part by determining a difference between the first time and the second time, and transmitting, by the processor, a first indication of the receive delay via the first component carrier. The method may include receiving, by the processor, a third communication configuration via the first component carrier generated based on the receive delay and applying the third communication configuration to replace the first communication configuration corresponding to the first component carrier. In some cases, the method includes receiving, by the processor, a third packet via the first component carrier according to the third communication configuration. 
     Moreover, in some cases, a method performed according to the discussions herein may involve transmitting, by a processor of a base station, a first message on a first component carrier according to a first communication configuration and receiving, by the processor, a receive delay from an electronic device. The receive delay may be determined by the electronic device based at least in part on a time difference between a first time of reception of the first message and a second time of reception of a second message. The electronic device may transmit the receive delay on the first component carrier to the base station. The method may include the processor generating a second communication configuration based at least in part on the receive delay and transmitting the second communication configuration to the electronic device on the first component carrier. The method may also include applying, by the processor, the second communication configuration to replace the first communication configuration corresponding to the first component carrier and transmitting a third message to the electronic device on the first component carrier according to the second communication configuration. 
     Various refinements of the features noted above may exist in relation to various aspects of the present disclosure. Further features may also be incorporated in these various aspects as well. These refinements and additional features may exist individually or in any combination. For instance, various features discussed below in relation to one or more of the illustrated embodiments may be incorporated into any of the above-described aspects of the present disclosure alone or in any combination. The brief summary presented above is intended to familiarize the reader with certain aspects and contexts of embodiments of the present disclosure without limitation to the claimed subject matter. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Various aspects of this disclosure may be better understood upon reading the following detailed description and upon reference to the drawings in which: 
         FIG.  1    is a schematic block diagram of an electronic device including a transceiver, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  2    is a perspective view of a notebook computer representing a first embodiment of the electronic device of  FIG.  1   ; 
         FIG.  3    is a front view of a handheld device representing a second embodiment of the electronic device of  FIG.  1   ; 
         FIG.  4    is a front view of another handheld device representing a third embodiment of the electronic device of  FIG.  1   ; 
         FIG.  5    is a front view of a desktop computer representing a fourth embodiment of the electronic device of  FIG.  1   ; 
         FIG.  6    is a front view and side view of a wearable electronic device representing a fifth embodiment of the electronic device of  FIG.  1   ; 
         FIG.  7    is an illustration of base stations communicating with an electronic device, such as the electronic device of  FIG.  1   , in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  8 A  is a timing diagram of first example communication schedules for first and second base stations of  FIG.  7   , in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  8 B  is a timing diagram of second example communication schedules for the first and second base stations of  FIG.  7   , in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  8 C  is a timing diagram of third example communication schedules for the first and second base stations of  FIG.  7   , in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  9 A  is a timing diagram of fourth example communication schedules for the first and second base stations of  FIG.  7   , in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  9 B  is a timing diagram of fifth example communication schedules for the first and second base stations of  FIG.  7   , in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  9 C  is a timing diagram of sixth example communication schedules for the first and second base stations of  FIG.  7   , in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  10    is a flow chart of a method for operating the electronic device of  FIG.  7    to transmit or receive radio frequency (RF) signals using a communication configuration adjusted based on delays seen by the electronic device, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  11    is a flow chart of a method for operating a base station, such as the base station of  FIG.  7   , to transmit or receive RF signals using a communication configuration adjusted based on delays seen by the electronic device  52 , in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  12    is a flow chart of a method for operating the electronic device of  FIG.  7    to determine a maximum receive delay from receive delays associated with one or more component carriers, according to embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  13    is a flow chart of a method for operating the electronic device of  FIG.  7    to transmit and/or receive RF signals using a communication configuration adjusted based on delays seen by a base station of  FIG.  7    when receiving one or more physical random-access channel (PRACH) communications, according to embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  14    is a flow chart of a method for operating a base station of  FIG.  7    to transmit or receive RF signals using a communication configuration adjusted based on delays seen by the base station of  FIG.  7    when receiving one or more physical random-access channel (PRACH) communications, according to embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  15    is a timing diagram illustrating two example communication configurations for two component carriers associated with base stations of  FIG.  7   , according to embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  16    is a flow chart of a method for operating the base station of  FIG.  7    to transmit and/or receive RF signals using a communication configuration adjusted based on delays seen by the base station of  FIG.  7    when receiving one or more physical random-access channel (PRACH) communications, according to embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  17    is an illustration of electronic devices, similar to the electronic device of  FIG.  7   , communicating with base stations using antenna panels, according to embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  18    is a flow chart of a method for operating the electronic device of  FIG.  7    to determine which operational mode is suitable to use when communicating with one or more base stations of  FIG.  7    based on antenna panels of the electronic device of  FIG.  7   , according to embodiments of the present disclosure; and 
         FIG.  19    is a flow chart of a method for operating the base station of  FIG.  7    to determine which operational mode to use when communicating with the electronic device of  FIG.  7    based on the antenna panels of the electronic device of  FIG.  7   , according to embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     One or more specific embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below. These described embodiments are examples of the presently disclosed techniques. Additionally, in an effort to provide a concise description of these embodiments, all features of an actual implementation may not be described in the specification. It should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developers&#39; specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which may vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it should be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time-consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking of design, fabrication, and manufacture for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure. 
     When introducing elements of various embodiments of the present disclosure, the articles “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to mean that there are one or more of the elements. The terms “comprising,” “including,” and “having” are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements other than the listed elements. Additionally, it should be understood that references to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” of the present disclosure are not intended to be interpreted as excluding the existence of additional embodiments that also incorporate the recited features. Furthermore, the phrase A “based on” B is intended to mean that A is at least partially based on B. Moreover, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive (e.g., logical OR) and not exclusive (e.g., logical XOR). In other words, the phrase A “or” B is intended to mean A, B, or both A and B. 
     Various processes are disclosed that may adjust an operating frequency range of an antenna. The processes may apply to a variety of electronic devices. In some embodiments, a control system (e.g., a controller, one or more processors) of an electronic device may couple or uncouple a power amplifier to or from an antenna, a transmission path (e.g., a transmission channel) associated with the antenna, and/or a receive path (e.g., a receive channel) associated with the antenna, to change whether the antenna is able to transmit or receive signals. It is noted that a channel may be a medium used to convey information from a sender (transmitter) to a receiver. It should be noted that since characteristics of the term “channel” may differ according to different wireless protocols, the term “channel” as used herein may be considered as being used in a manner that is consistent with the standard of the type of device with reference to which the term is used. In some standards, channel widths may be variable (e.g., depending on device capability, band conditions). For example, long-term evolution (LTE) networks may support scalable channel bandwidths from 1.4 Megahertz (MHz) to 20 MHz. In contrast, wireless local area network (WLAN) channels may be 22 MHz wide while BLUETOOTH® channels may be 1 Mhz wide. Other protocols and standards may include different definitions of channels. Furthermore, some standards may define and use multiple types of channels, such as different channels for uplink or downlink and/or different channels for different uses such as data, control information, or the like. Also, as used herein, the term “band” has the full breadth of its ordinary meaning, and at least includes a section of spectrum (e.g., radio frequency spectrum) in which channels are used or set aside for the same purpose. 
     Furthermore, in additional or alternative embodiments, the processors may couple or uncouple inductor circuits to change an operating frequency range of the antenna. These processes bring certain advantages to operation, as is described herein. With the foregoing in mind, a general description of suitable electronic devices that may include such processing circuitry is provided below. 
     Turning first to  FIG.  1   , an electronic device  10  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include, among other things, one or more of processor(s)  12 , memory  14 , nonvolatile storage  16 , a display  18 , input structures  22 , an input/output (I/O) interface  24 , a network interface  26 , a transceiver  28 , and a power source  30 . The various functional blocks shown in  FIG.  1    may include hardware elements (including circuitry), software elements (including computer code stored on a computer-readable medium) or a combination of both hardware and software elements. Furthermore, a combination of elements may be included in tangible, non-transitory, and machine-readable medium that include machine-readable instructions. The instructions may be executed by the processor  12  and may cause the processor  12  to perform operations as described herein. It should be noted that  FIG.  1    is merely one example of a particular embodiment and is intended to illustrate the types of elements that may be present in the electronic device  10 . 
     By way of example, the electronic device  10  may represent a block diagram of the notebook computer depicted in  FIG.  2   , the handheld device depicted in  FIG.  3   , the handheld device depicted in  FIG.  4   , the desktop computer depicted in  FIG.  5   , the wearable electronic device depicted in  FIG.  6   , or similar devices. It should be noted that the processor  12  and other related items in  FIG.  1    may be generally referred to herein as “data processing circuitry.” Such data processing circuitry may be embodied wholly or in part as software, firmware, hardware, or any combination thereof. Furthermore, the data processing circuitry may be a single contained processing module or may be incorporated wholly or partially within any of the other elements within the electronic device  10 . 
     In the electronic device  10  of  FIG.  1   , the processor  12  may operably couple with the memory  14  and the nonvolatile storage  16  to perform various algorithms. Such programs or instructions executed by the processor  12  may be stored in any suitable article of manufacture that includes one or more tangible, computer-readable media at least collectively storing the instructions or processes, such as the memory  14  and the nonvolatile storage  16 . The memory  14  and the nonvolatile storage  16  may include any suitable articles of manufacture for storing data and executable instructions, such as random-access memory, read-only memory, rewritable flash memory, hard drives, and optical discs. Also, programs (e.g., an operating system) encoded on such a computer program product may also include instructions executable by the processor  12  to enable the electronic device  10  to provide various functionalities. 
     In certain embodiments, the display  18  may be a liquid crystal display (LCD) or a digital micromirror display (DMD), which may facilitate users to view images generated on the electronic device  10 . In some embodiments, the display  18  may include a touch screen, which may facilitate user interaction with a user interface of the electronic device  10 . Furthermore, it should be appreciated that, in some embodiments, the display  18  may include one or more organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays, or some combination of LCD panels and OLED panels. 
     In some cases, the one or more processors  12  may operate circuitry to input or output data generated by the electronic device  10 . For example, the one or more processors  12  may control and/or operate the memory  14 , the nonvolatile storage  16 , display  18 , input structures  22 , an input/output (I/O interface)  24 , a network interface  26 , a transceiver  28 , a power source  29 , or the like to perform operations of the electronic device  10  and/or to facilitate control of the operations of the electronic device. In particular, the one or more processors  12  may generate control signals for operating the transceiver  28  to transmit data on one or more communication networks. 
     The input structures  22  of the electronic device  10  may enable a user to interact with the electronic device  10  (e.g., pressing a button to increase or decrease a volume level). The I/O interface  24  may enable the electronic device  10  to interface with various other electronic devices, as may the network interface  26 . The network interface  26  may include, for example, one or more interfaces for a personal area network (PAN), such as a BLUETOOTH® network, for a local area network (LAN) or wireless local area network (WLAN), such as an 802.11x WI-FI® network, and/or for a wide area network (WAN), such as a 3 rd  generation (3G) cellular network, 4 th  generation (4G) cellular network, LTE cellular network, long term evolution license assisted access (LTE-LAA) cellular network, 5 th  generation (5G) cellular network, or New Radio (NR) cellular network. The network interface  26  may also include one or more interfaces for, for example, broadband fixed wireless access networks (e.g., WIMAX®), mobile broadband Wireless networks (mobile WIMAX®), asynchronous digital subscriber lines (e.g., ADSL, VDSL), digital video broadcasting-terrestrial (DVB-T®) network and its extension DVB Handheld (DVB-H®) network, ultra-wideband (UWB) network, alternating current (AC) power lines, and so forth. 
     In some embodiments, the electronic device  10  communicates over the aforementioned wireless networks (e.g., WI-FI®, WIMAX®, mobile WIMAX®, 4G, LTE®, 5G, and so forth) using the transceiver  28 . The transceiver  28  may include circuitry useful in both wirelessly receiving and wirelessly transmitting signals (e.g., data signals, wireless data signals, wireless carrier signals, RF signals), such as a transmitter and/or a receiver. Indeed, in some embodiments, the transceiver  28  may include a transmitter and a receiver combined into a single unit, or, in other embodiments, the transceiver  28  may include a transmitter separate from a receiver. The transceiver  28  may transmit and receive RF signals to support voice and/or data communication in wireless applications such as, for example, PAN networks (e.g., BLUETOOTH®), WLAN networks (e.g., 802.11x WI-FI®), WAN networks (e.g., 3G, 4G, 5G, NR, and LTE® and LTE-LAA cellular networks), WIMAX® networks, mobile WIMAX® networks, ADSL and VDSL networks, DVB-T® and DVB-H® networks, UWB networks, and so forth. As further illustrated, the electronic device  10  may include the power source  30 . The power source  30  may include any suitable source of power, such as a rechargeable lithium polymer (Li-poly) battery and/or an alternating current (AC) power converter. 
     In certain embodiments, the electronic device  10  may take the form of a computer, a portable electronic device, a wearable electronic device, or other type of electronic device. Such computers may be generally portable (such as laptop, notebook, and tablet computers) and/or those that are generally used in one place (such as desktop computers, workstations and/or servers). In certain embodiments, the electronic device  10  in the form of a computer may be a model of a MACBOOK®, MACBOOK® PRO, MACBOOK AIR®, IMAC®, MAC® mini, or MAC PRO® available from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. By way of example, the electronic device  10 , taking the form of a notebook computer  10 A, is illustrated in  FIG.  2    in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. The notebook computer  10 A may include a housing or the enclosure  36 , the display  18 , the input structures  22 , and ports associated with the I/O interface  24 . In one embodiment, the input structures  22  (such as a keyboard and/or touchpad) may enable interaction with the notebook computer  10 A, such as starting, controlling, or operating a graphical user interface (GUI) and/or applications running on the notebook computer  10 A. For example, a keyboard and/or touchpad may facilitate user interaction with a user interface, GUI, and/or application interface displayed on display  18 . 
       FIG.  3    depicts a front view of a handheld device  10 B, which represents one embodiment of the electronic device  10 . The handheld device  10 B may represent, for example, a portable phone, a media player, a personal data organizer, a handheld game platform, or any combination of such devices. By way of example, the handheld device  10 B may be a model of an IPOD® or IPHONE® available from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. The handheld device  10 B may include the enclosure  36  to protect interior elements from physical damage and to shield them from electromagnetic interference. The enclosure  36  may surround the display  18 . The I/O interface  24  may open through the enclosure  36  and may include, for example, an I/O port for a hard wired connection for charging and/or content manipulation using a connector and protocol, such as the Lightning connector provided by Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif., a universal serial bus (USB), or other similar connector and protocol. 
     The input structures  22 , in combination with the display  18 , may enable user control of the handheld device  10 B. For example, the input structures  22  may activate or deactivate the handheld device  10 B, navigate a user interface to a home screen, present a user-editable application screen, and/or activate a voice-recognition feature of the handheld device  10 B. Other of the input structures  22  may provide volume control, or may toggle between vibrate and ring modes. The input structures  22  may also include a microphone to obtain a user&#39;s voice for various voice-related features, and a speaker to enable audio playback. The input structures  22  may also include a headphone input to enable input from external speakers and/or headphones. 
       FIG.  4    depicts a front view of another handheld device  10 C, which represents another embodiment of the electronic device  10 . The handheld device  10 C may represent, for example, a tablet computer, or one of various portable computing devices. By way of example, the handheld device  10 C may be a tablet-sized embodiment of the electronic device  10 , which may be, for example, a model of an IPAD® available from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. 
     Turning to  FIG.  5   , a computer  10 D may represent another embodiment of the electronic device  10  of  FIG.  1   . The computer  10 D may be any computer, such as a desktop computer, a server, or a notebook computer, and/or may be a standalone media player or video gaming machine. By way of example, the computer  10 D may be an IMAC®, a MACBOOK®, or other similar device by Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. It should be noted that the computer  10 D may also represent a personal computer (PC) by another manufacturer. The enclosure  36  may protect and enclose internal elements of the computer  10 D, such as the display  18 . In certain embodiments, a user of the computer  10 D may interact with the computer  10 D using various peripheral input devices, such as keyboard  22 A or mouse  22 B (e.g., input structures  22 ), which may operatively couple to the computer  10 D. 
     Similarly,  FIG.  6    depicts a wearable electronic device  10 E representing another embodiment of the electronic device  10  of  FIG.  1   . By way of example, the wearable electronic device  10 E, which may include a wristband  43 , may be an APPLE WATCH® by Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. However, in other embodiments, the wearable electronic device  10 E may include any wearable electronic device such as, a wearable exercise monitoring device (e.g., pedometer, accelerometer, heart rate monitor), or other device by another manufacturer. The display  18  of the wearable electronic device  10 E may include a touch screen version of the display  18  (e.g., LCD, OLED display, active-matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) display, and so forth), as well as the input structures  22 , which may facilitate user interaction with a user interface of the wearable electronic device  10 E. In certain embodiments, as previously noted above, each embodiment (e.g., notebook computer  10 A, handheld device  10 B, handheld device  10 C, computer  10 D, and wearable electronic device  10 E) of the electronic device  10  may include the transceiver  28 . 
     Keeping the foregoing in mind,  FIG.  7    is an illustration of access network nodes, such as base stations  50  (e.g., base station  50 A, base station  50 B, base station  50 C, base station  50 D), and user equipment, such as an electronic device  52 , according to embodiments of the present disclosure. Each of the base stations  50  and/or the electronic device  52  may have one or more components similar to the electronic device  10 , and thus may include control circuitry, such as the processors  12 , memory circuitry, such as the memory  14  and/or nonvolatile storage  16 , which may operate together to cause the base stations  50  and/or the electronic device  52  to perform operations. It is noted that user equipment able to communicate with the access nodes may include any of various types of computer systems device which are mobile or portable and which performs wireless communications. Examples of user equipment any suitable portable electronic devices, mobile telephones, smart phones, portable gaming devices, laptops, wearable devices, or the like. In general, the term “UE” or “UE device” can be broadly defined to encompass any electronic, computing, and/or telecommunications device (or combination of devices) which is easily transported by a user and capable of wireless communication. 
     Each of the base stations  50  may be associated with one or more cells  54 . The term “base station” has the full breadth of its ordinary meaning, and at least includes a wireless communication station installed at a fixed location and used to communicate as part of a wireless telephone system or radio system. The base stations  50  and the electronic device  52  may be configured to communicate over the transmission medium using any of various radio access technologies (RATs), also referred to as wireless communication technologies, or telecommunication standards, such as GSM, UMTS (associated with, for example, WCDMA or TD-SCDMA air interfaces), LTE, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), 5G new radio (5G NR), HSPA, 3GPP2 CDMA2000 (e.g., 1×RTT, 1×EV-DO, HRPD, eHRPD), or the like. Note that if a respective base station of the base stations  50  is implemented in the context of LTE, it may alternately be referred to as an “eNodeB” or “eNB”. Note that if a respective base station of the base stations is implemented in the context of 5G NR, it may alternately be referred to as “gNodeB” or “gNB”. 
     Thus, while base stations  50  may act as a “serving cell” for electronic devices as illustrated in  FIG.  7   , an electronic device  52  may also be capable of receiving signals from (and possibly within communication range of) one or more other cells (which might be provided by base stations  50  and/or any other base stations), which may be referred to as “neighboring cells.” Such cells may also be capable of facilitating communication between user devices and/or between user devices and the network. Such cells may include “macro” cells, “micro” cells, “pico” cells, and/or cells which provide any of various other granularities of service area size. 
     Each of the cells  54  may be an operating region that a respective base station  50  is able to communicate over. For example, a respective base station  50  may communicate with electronic devices  52  disposed in each cell  54  depicted as touching the respective base station  50 . In this way, while within borders of cell  54 A, the electronic device  52  may communicate with the base station  50 C as opposed to the base station  50 D, which may communicate with the electronic device  52  while within the borders of cell  54 B. 
     When communicating with an electronic device  52 , a respective base station  50  may transmit messages on a frequency range referred to as a component carrier. A frequency band, which may include one or more of the frequency ranges and be delimited by a lower frequency and a higher frequency (e.g., representative of a radio spectrum), may include one or more component carriers. The frequency ranges encompassed by the frequency band may be defined by a standards body (e.g., standards generated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standards body or development group), and thus may include a 3 rd  generation (3G), 4 th  generation (4G), 5 th  generation (5G) frequency band. For example, the frequency band may include frequencies between 24 Gigahertz (GHz) and 48 GHz. In particular, messages within a same frequency band on separate component carriers of different frequency ranges may be transmitted (e.g., concurrently) without cross-interference. In some instances, the electronic device  52  may couple to one or more base stations  50  through two or more component carriers. For example, the electronic device  52  may use a component carrier  56 A to communicate with the base station  50 C, and use a component carrier  56 B to communicate with the base station  50 B. The component carriers  56 A,  56 B may both be within a same frequency band, such as a New Radio (NR) or 5 th  generation (5G) frequency band, but be associated with different frequency ranges within the same frequency band. 
     Hardware, software, or communication standards associated with operational control of the electronic device  52  may limit concurrent (e.g., simultaneous) uplink and downlink communications between component carriers  56 . In particular, while the electronic device  52  may receive many downlink communications separately or concurrently, the electronic device  52  may not receive any downlink communications or send any additional uplink communications while transmitting an uplink communication to one of the base stations  50 . To reduce a likelihood of concurrent communications occurring when uplinking a message to the base station, the electronic device  52  may request an uplink allocation from one of the base stations  50  before proceeding to uplink a message to the base station. For example, the electronic device  52  may receive simultaneous downlink messages from the base stations  50  and/or may request an uplink allocation from both base stations  50  before uplinking a message to one of the base stations  50 , such as base station  50 C. This operation, however, does not consider timing delays seen by the electronic device  52  when communicating with the base stations  50 . When the electronic device  52  requests an uplink allocation from the base stations  50  without consideration for the timing delays between the communications, unnecessary delays may occur when downlink operations resume, causing inefficient operation. 
     To elaborate, base stations  50  may be physically disposed a distance  58 A (e.g., logical distance, physical distance, temporal distance) from each other. For example, according to 3GPP standard number TR38.803, a maximum inter-site distance (ISD) for FR2 is 300 meters (m), which may correspond to a 1 microsecond (μs) propagation delay seen by the electronic device  52  when receiving communications sent substantially simultaneous from different base stations  50 . Some FR2 network deployments may use a larger ISD, such as up to 1500 m, which may correspond to a 5 μs propagation delay. According to 3GPP standard number TS38.104, a maximum timing error permitted between gNBs is 3 μs. This corresponds to a maximum receive timing delay difference (MRTD) between distributed carriers (e.g., inter-frequency carriers) at the electronic device  52  of between 4 μs to 8 μs. 
     Keeping this in mind, the electronic device  52  may be a distance  58 B from each respective base station of the base stations  50 . As a distance between the electronic device  52  and the base station increases, so does the delay of communication between the devices. In this way, a delay of communication between the base station  50 B and the electronic device  52  is greater than a delay of communication between the base station  50 A and the electronic device  52 , due to the greater distance between the base station  50 B and the electronic device  52 . To improve the process of requesting an uplink allocation, the electronic device  52  may consider the delay of communication when requesting the uplink allocation, and/or the base station may consider the delay of communication when proceeding to schedule the uplink allocation in response to the request for the uplink allocation from the electronic device  52 . For example, in some cases, one or more of the base stations  50  may adjust communication scheduling based on a predetermined adjustment and/or a defined adjustment (e.g., a value stored in a memory or storage). 
       FIG.  8 A ,  FIG.  8 B , and  FIG.  8 C  show examples of a base station, for example the base station  50 C, adjusting its communication scheduling based on a predetermined adjustment, regardless of an amount of delay between communications of the base station and another base station, such as base station  50 B. For ease of explanation,  FIG.  8 A ,  FIG.  8 B , and  FIG.  8 C  are discussed together. 
       FIG.  8 A  is a timing diagram of a communication schedule for the component carrier  56 A (e.g., CC 1 ) corresponding to the base station  50 C and of a communication schedule for the component carrier  56 B (e.g., CC 2 ) corresponding to the base station  50 B, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.  FIG.  8 A  shows a first example delay (e.g., maximum receive timing delay (MRTD)) where the electronic device  52  receives a downlink message  70  from the base station  50 C 0.26 microseconds (μs) after receiving a downlink message  72  from the base station  50 B intended to be simultaneously received during a first symbol duration for the base station  50 C (e.g., symb 0). It may be said that the communications from the base station  50 B are generally synchronized with the communications from base station  50 C since 0.26 μs may be considered less than a threshold amount of time (where the threshold may be used to evaluate whether communication configurations warrant adjustment, such as when unsynchronized).  FIG.  8 B  is a timing diagram of a communication schedule for the component carrier  56 A and for the component carrier  56 B having a second example delay, where the electronic device  52  receives a downlink message  70  from the base station  50 C 4 μs after receiving a downlink message  72  from the base station  50 B intended to be simultaneously received during the first symbol duration for the base station  50 C, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.  FIG.  8 C  is a timing diagram of a communication schedule for the component carrier  56 A and for the component carrier  56 B having a third example delay where the electronic device  52  receives a downlink message  70  from the base station  50 C approximately 8 μs (e.g., duration of time  71 ) after receiving a downlink message  72  from the base station  50 B intended to be simultaneously received during the first symbol duration for the base station  50 C, according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The third example delay of  FIG.  8 C  (e.g., 8 μs) may be greater than the second example delay of  FIG.  8 B , implying that the distance between the electronic device  52  and the base station  50 B associated with  FIG.  8 C  is greater than the distance between the two associated with  FIG.  8 B . It is noted that  FIGS.  8 A- 8 C  may be discussed together for ease of explanation. 
     Communication operations may be scheduled according to symbol durations. The symbols (e.g., symb 0, symb 1, symb 2, . . . , symb 5) may represent allocations of time that are able to be assigned to either downlink communications or uplink communications. When a symbol is assigned to downlink communications, the electronic device  52  may receive simultaneous downlink messages on one or more component carriers  56 . However, when a symbol is assigned to uplink communications, the electronic device  52  may not receive simultaneous uplink messages and/or simultaneous downlink messages. Thus, the base station  50 B may use an interrupt command, such as at time  79 , to pause downlink communications while the base station  50 C operates to uplink a message from the electronic device  52 . In this way, the base station  50 B may generate an interrupt command in response to receiving a notification from the electronic device  52  that indicates the electronic device  52  is requesting an uplink allocation from the base station  50 C (e.g., requesting that one or more future symbols be assigned to uplink communications by the base station  50 C). 
       FIGS.  8 A- 8 C  show a constant adjustment  74  to the start of an uplink operation (e.g., a delay to a start of uplink message  76  after an end of an ongoing downlink message  78  at a time that an interrupt command is generated by the base station  50 ) initiated by an uplink allocation request by permitting any ongoing downlink operations to finish based on a maximum delay that may occur. The maximum delay, and thus a value of the constant adjustment  74 , equals or is substantially equal to 8 μs after a completion of operations to send downlink message  78 , and thus the uplink message  76  is scheduled to occur approximately 8 μs (e.g., between 5 μs and 11 μs) after downlink message  78 . It is noted that each uplink message  76  and/or downlink message  72 ,  78  may be associated with a prefix  80 . The prefix  80  may be a cyclic prefix that repeats delivery of a portion of the messages  70 ,  72 ,  76 ,  78  (e.g., adds a portion of the end of the message to the front of the message). A cyclic prefix may combat against intra-symbol interferences or interference from previously received signals at the electronic device  52 . The prefix  80  may additionally or alternatively include information (e.g., header information) that identifies a duration of the communication, a source of the communication, or may include other data that the electronic device  52  may use when processing the communication. 
     The base stations  50  may also use a duration  82  of time (e.g., labeled as duration  82 A, duration  82 B) to prepare transmission and/or reception circuitry of the electronic device  52  and/or of the base station  50 B for uplink operation. For example, a base station  50  may couple one or more power amplifiers to one or more antennas of the respective circuits during the duration  82  of time. When adjusting operation of the base stations  50  to compensate for communication delays seen by the electronic device  52 , the base stations  50  may use the durations  82 , and thus pause downlink operations early enough as to not be missed or interfered with when adjusting the circuitry. 
     Since the constant adjustment  74  is substantially similar to the maximum delay used to delay of communication shown in  FIG.  8 C  (e.g., 8 μs), the interruption by the base station  50 B of downlink operations is relatively optimal. However, when the constant adjustment is greater than the delay of communication (or less than, although not particularly depicted), the interruption operations are inefficient. For example, interruption by the base station  50 B of its downlink operations causes four symbols to be dropped in  FIGS.  8 A and  8 B  (e.g., skips symb 1-4). Efficiency of interruption operations may improve when communication scheduling considers the particular delays as opposed to using a globally defined delay value (e.g., a same delay value for each adjustment as opposed to one calculated for a specific arrangement of components at the time of adjustment). 
     To explain variable delay operations,  FIG.  9 A ,  FIG.  9 B , and  FIG.  9 C  show a variable adjustment  84  (labeled in the figures as adjustment  84 A, adjustment  84 B, adjustment  84 C) to the start of an uplink message  76 .  FIG.  9 A  is a timing diagram of a communication schedule for the component carrier  56 A (e.g., CC 1 ) corresponding to the base station  50 C and of a communication schedule for the component carrier  56 B (e.g., CC 2 ) corresponding to the base station  50 B.  FIG.  9 A  shows a first example delay where the electronic device  52  receives a downlink message  70  from the base station  50 C 0.26 μs after receiving a downlink message  72  from the base station  50 B intended to be simultaneously received during a first symbol duration for the base station  50 C (e.g., symb 0), according to embodiments of the present disclosure. It may be said that the communications from the base station  50 B are generally synchronized with the communications from base station  50 C since 0.26 μs may be considered less than a threshold amount of time (where the threshold may be used to evaluate whether communication configurations warrant adjustment, such as when unsynchronized). The threshold amount of time may be any suitable amount of time, such as between 0.8 μs and 1.1 μs (e.g., 1 μs). 
       FIG.  9 B  is a timing diagram of a communication schedule for the component carrier  56 A and for the component carrier  56 B having a second example delay, where the electronic device  52  receives a downlink message  70  from the base station  50 C 4 μs after receiving a downlink message  72  from the base station  50 B intended to be simultaneously received during the first symbol duration for the base station  50 C, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.  FIG.  9 C  is a timing diagram of a communication schedule for the component carrier  56 A and for the component carrier  56 B having a third example delay where the electronic device  52  receives a downlink message  70  from the base station  50 C a maximum delay amount (e.g., 8 μs) after receiving a downlink message  72  from the base station  50 B intended to be simultaneously received during the first symbol duration for the base station  50 C, according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The third example delay of  FIG.  9 C  may be greater than the second example delay of  FIG.  9 B , implying that the distance between the electronic device  52  and the base station  50 B associated with  FIG.  9 B  is smaller than the distance between the two associated with  FIG.  9 C . 
     Adjustment  84 A and adjustment  84 C are shown as being substantially similar durations of time while adjustment  84 B is shown as a longer duration of time. In this way, the base station  50 C may have adjusted its communication scheduling to better align with delays of communications associated with the base station  50 B, and thus may have used a greater adjustment to delay its uplink allocation to permit for an improved aligned with allocations of the base station  50 B. Thus, operations of  FIGS.  9 A- 9 C  visualize relatively more efficient scheduling operations, since each example drops a reduced number of symbols (e.g., three symbols each). 
     The downlink allocations and/or the uplink allocation timing advance may be adjusted for each electronic device  52  communicating with the base stations  50  based on the communication delay between the respective base station and the respective electronic device  52 . For each possible delay value (e.g., between no delay and a maximum delay) and when a frequency of communication transmission (e.g., numerology associated with the base station  50 ) is equal, the period of interruption of downlink communications for the base station  50 C (transmitted using a first component carrier  56 A (CC 1 )) may be substantially similar to the period of interruption of downlink communications for the base station  50 B (transmitted using a second component carrier  56 B (CC 2 )), and thus include two symbols (e.g., symb 2 and symb 4) more than a total number of symbols allocated for the uplink communication (e.g., symb 3). A scheduler of the wireless network provider communicatively coupled to the base station  50 B and the base station  50 C may determine a suitable timing advance for the uplink communication, and may adjust downlink allocations and/or uplink allocations to minimize interruptions to communications based on a determined delay between the base stations  50 . However, for ease of discussion, the base stations  50  are referred to as determining and applying the adjustments. It is noted that the communications depicted in  FIGS.  8 A- 9 C  represent a snapshot of communications over time, and thus should be understood as able to extend beyond what is depicted in the figures. 
     To clarify further on the operation of the electronic device  52  when adjusting operations based on one or more delays (e.g., communication delays),  FIG.  10    is a flow chart of a method  96  for operating the electronic device  52  to transmit and/or receive RF signals using a communication configuration adjusted based on delays experienced by the electronic device  52 , according to embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that, although depicted in a particular order, the blocks of the method  96  may be performed in any suitable order, and at least some blocks may be skipped altogether. As described herein, the method  96  is described as performed by the electronic device  52 , however, it should be understood that any suitable processing and/or control circuitry may perform some or all of the operations of the method  96 , such as one or more of the processors  12 . 
     At block  98 , the electronic device  52  may receive a first packet (e.g., a first message) from a first base station of the base stations  50  via first component carrier at a first time and receive a second packet (e.g., a second message) from a second base station of the base stations  50  on a second component carrier at a second time. The first time and the second time may correspond to a time at which the prefix  80  is received and/or a time at which a first portion of the respective message is received (e.g., downlink message  70 , downlink message  72 ). The first time and the second time may be stored in storage similar to memory  14 . These times may be used to determine a delay at that moment, and/or may be additionally or alternatively accessed in the future to determine how the delay changes over time (e.g., a historical analysis of the delay). 
     At block  100 , the electronic device  52  may determine a receive delay between the first time and the second time. To do so, the electronic device  52  may determine a duration of time as the receive delay between the first time and the second time. To determine the receive delay, the electronic device  52  may compute the difference between the two times. However, in some cases, the electronic device  52  may determine the difference in time by using counters to track the receive delay between receiving the downlink message  70  and receiving the downlink message  72 . The counter may count a duration of time, such as a number of clock cycles, between the electronic device  52  receiving the downlink message  70  and the downlink message  72 . 
     At block  102 , the electronic device  52  may determine whether the receive delay determined at block  100  is greater than or equal to a threshold amount of time. The electronic device  52  may determine whether the receive delay, if any, is of sufficient time delay to be corrected. In some cases, a threshold amount of time may be used to evaluate whether communication configurations warrant adjustment, such as when unsynchronized. The threshold amount of time may vary based on environmental conditions and/or network load conditions, based on what external factors may adjust what amount of non-synchronization is permitted and/or otherwise suitable. In some cases, the threshold amount of time may be substantially similar (e.g., approximately) to 1 μs (e.g., amount between 0.5 μs and 1.5 μs), where any receive delay below that threshold is generally ignored and operations proceed to block  98 . However, when the receive delay is greater than or equal to the threshold, the electronic device  52  may proceed to perform operations of block  104 . 
     At block  104 , the electronic device  52  may transmit an indication of the receive delay to the first base station, the second base station, or both. For example, referring to the example of  FIG.  9 B , the electronic device  52  may determine that the receive delay (e.g., maximum receive timing delay (MRTD)) is equal (or substantially similar) to 4 μs. The electronic device  52  may then, in response to determining that the receive delay is greater than the threshold, transmit an indication of the receive delay to the base station  50 B and/or the base station  50 C. The base station  50 B and/or the base station  50 C may use the indication of the receive delay to generate an updated communication configuration for the electronic device  52  to apply. 
     At block  106 , the electronic device  52  may receive an updated communication configuration from the first base station to adjust an interruption parameter associated with the first base station. For example, the interruption parameter may operate to delay associated downlink communications scheduled for transmission on a component carrier used by the first base station. When referring to the example of  FIG.  9 B , the electronic device  52  may receive an updated communication configuration from the base station  50 C that defines adjustments to communications scheduled for transmission/reception on the component carrier  56 A. The updated communication configuration may indicate to the electronic device  52  that the uplink allocation requested by the electronic device is to be delayed a period of time after the downlink message  78 . 
     At block  108 , the electronic device  52  may apply the updated communication configuration to its software and/or hardware (e.g., replace a previous communication configuration stored in software and/or affecting operation of transceiver circuitry) to prepare for the adjusted communication allocations. In this way, the electronic device  52  may instruct its control and/or scheduling circuitry to delay uplink of the uplink message until time that compensates for delays associated with communications between the electronic device  52  and the base station  50 B. Furthermore, applying the updated communication configuration to the circuitry of the electronic device  52  may prepare antenna circuitry of the electronic device  52  to perform uplink operations and/or downlink operations. 
     At block  110 , the electronic device  52  may receive packets on the first component carrier  56 A according to the updated communication configuration and may receive packets on the second component carrier  56 B according to an original communication. In this way, even when communications on the second component carrier  56 B are delayed (e.g., due to the base station  50 B being disposed further from the electronic device  52  than the base station  50 C), communications from the base station  50 C on the first component carrier  56 A may be suitably delayed based on the receive delay (e.g., delayed by an amount equal or substantially similar to the receive delay) to improve alignment of communications on the two component carriers  56 B. When operating to compensate for variable delays between the component carriers  56 , the electronic device  52  may reduce an amount of delay in downlink communications when scheduling an uplink communication (e.g., four dropped symbols when operating to compensate for the delay using fixed adjustments as opposed to three dropped symbols when operating to compensate for the delay using variable adjustments). It is noted that although described as adjusting the communication configuration of the first component carrier  56 C based on the receive delay instead of the communication configuration of the second component carrier  56 B, the same or similar methods may be applied to adjusting either component carriers  56  or both component carriers  56  as opposed to just one component carrier  56  (e.g., component carrier  56 B). 
       FIG.  11    is a flow chart of a method  122  for operating a base station, such as the base station  50 C of  FIG.  9 B , to transmit or receive RF signals using a communication configuration adjusted based on delays seen by the electronic device  52 , according to embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that, although depicted in a particular order, the blocks of the method  122  may be performed in any suitable order, and at least some blocks may be skipped altogether. As described herein, the method  122  is described as being performed by the base station  50 C, however, it should be understood that any suitable processing and/or control circuitry may perform some or all of the operations of the method  122 , such as one or more of the processors  12 . It is noted that, as described above, the base station  50 C transmits to and/or receives messages from the electronic device  52  using frequencies within a frequency range of, for example, the component carrier  56 A. 
     At block  124 , the base station  50 C may transmit a first packet to the electronic device  52  according to a first communication configuration (e.g., an original communication configuration). The first communication configuration may define a frequency range to use when transmitting the first packet, a frequency to send packets out on the frequency range, one or more allocation patterns (e.g., when downlink communications are scheduled to occur, when uplink communications are scheduled to occur), or the like. 
     At block  126 , the base station  50 C may receive an indication of a receive delay from the electronic device  52 . The receive delay may be determined by the electronic device  52 , such as by using the method  96 . The receive delay may communicate (e.g., indicate) to the base station  50 C a delay between the first packet and an additional packet from another base station, such as the base station  50 B. 
     Using the receive delay, at block  128 , the base station  50 C may update the first communication configuration to generate a second communication configuration. The base station  50 C may determine that its transmissions lead transmissions from another base station  50 B by a particular amount corresponding to the receive delay. In some cases, the base station  50 C may analyze the receive delay received from the electronic device  52  along with information received from the base station  50 B to determine that the transmissions of the base station  50 C lead transmissions from the base station  50 B. When generating the second communication configuration, the base station  50 C may adjust the first communication configuration to compensate for the receive delay. In this way, the base station  50 C may adjust an interruption parameter, such that after receiving a request from the electronic device  52  for an uplink allocation, subsequent allocation operations are delayed by an amount substantially similar or equal to the receive delay (e.g., greater than or less than the receive delay by 0 to 0.5 μs, equal to the receive delay). 
     At block  130 , the base station  50 C may apply the second communication configuration (e.g., updated communication configuration) to its software and/or hardware (e.g., replace a previous communication configuration stored in software and/or affecting operation of transceiver circuitry). The application of the second communication configuration to the base station  50 C may enable re-alignment of downlink operations and/or uplink operations regardless of communication delays at the electronic device  52  due to proximity differences between the base stations  50  and the electronic device  52 . 
     At block  132 , the base station  50 C may transmit the second communication configuration (e.g., updated communication configuration) to the electronic device  52 . The electronic device  52  may apply the second communication configuration in response to receiving it from the base station  50 C. Applying the second communication configuration to both the base station  50 C and the electronic device  52  may permit synchronized communications to occur between the two devices on the component carrier  56 A. 
     At block  134 , the base station  50 C may transmit a second packet to the electronic device  52  according to the second communication configuration (e.g., updated communication configuration). The base station  50 C may delay some of its uplink allocations to accommodate delays in the component carrier  56 B transmitting packets from the base station  50 B to the electronic device  52 . 
     In some cases, the electronic device  52  may determine and report a maximum delay determined from multiple determined receive delays.  FIG.  12    is a flow chart of a method  146  for operating the electronic device  52  to determine a maximum receive delay from one or more determined receive delays associated with one or more component carriers  56 , according to embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that, although depicted in a particular order, the blocks of the method  146  may be performed in any suitable order, and at least some blocks may be skipped altogether. As described herein, the method  146  is described as performed by the electronic device  52 , however, it should be understood that any suitable processing and/or control circuitry may perform some or all of the operations of the method  146 , such as one or more of the processors  12 . 
     At block  148 , the electronic device  52  may receive packets from one or more base stations  50  according to respective communication configurations defining scheduling for respective component carriers  56 . For example, each communication configuration may define interruption parameters that schedule uplink operations between one or more downlink operations. In this way, transmission parameters and/or frequency of communications on a first component carrier may differ from that of a second component carrier. Furthermore, how long an uplink message is delayed from transmission after a downlink message may also differ between component carriers  56  based at least in part on the communication configuration associated with each of the base stations  50  and/or each of the component carriers  56 . 
     At block  150 , the electronic device  52  may determine one or more receive delays indicative of relative delays between communications received on the various component carriers  56 . The electronic device  52  may determine the receive delays using methods similar to the method  96  of  FIG.  10   . After determining one or more receive delays, the electronic device  52  may, at block  152 , determine a relatively greater receive delays from the receive delays determined at block  152 . In this way, the electronic device  52  may identify the longest delay experienced across each of the component carriers  56 . 
     Once the longest receive delay is identified, the electronic device  52  may, at block  154 , determine whether the receive delay is greater than or equal to a threshold amount of time. If the duration is not greater than or equal to the threshold amount of time, then the electronic device  52  may proceed to continue communication operations at block  148 . 
     However, when the electronic device  52  determines that the receive delay is greater than or equal to the threshold amount of time, then the electronic device  52  may, at block  156 , transmit an indication of the greatest receive delay to one or more base stations  50  for operational compensations and/or to generate an additional communication configuration. In some cases, this information may be transmitted as user equipment (UE) assistance information and/or as part of a device report to the base stations  50 . 
     Keeping the foregoing in mind, the process  146  of  FIG.  12    shows how the electronic device  52  may estimate the timing difference between each of the component carriers  56  and may report a maximum difference between each timing differences (e.g., manifested as receive delays seen by the electronic device  52 ) to one or more base stations of the base stations  50  as assistance information. 
     Indeed, in some cases, the electronic device  52  may operate its receiver to receive a first packet at a first time on a first component carrier from a first base station  50 , a second packet at a second time on a second component carrier from a second base station  50 , a third packet at a third time on a third component carrier from a third base station  50 , and so on. The electronic device  52  may use some or all operations of method  146  of  FIG.  12    to determining that a difference between the first time and the second time corresponds to a maximum receive time delay (MRTD). To do so, the electronic device  52  may select the second time as a reference time and, using the second time as the reference time, may determine a first difference between the first time and the second time and a second difference between the third time and the second time. The electronic device  52  may identify which of the first difference or the second difference corresponds to the MRTD by comparing the two differences to determine which of the differences is greater. For example, in response to determining that the difference between the first difference is greater than the second difference, the electronic device  52  may identify the first difference as the MRTD (e.g., as representative of a worst-seen delay by the electronic device  52 ). Furthermore, in some cases, the electronic device  52  verifies whether the difference identified as the MRTD passes a test for synchronization. For example, the electronic device  52  determines whether the first difference (e.g., difference identified as the MRTD) is greater than or equal to a threshold amount of time (e.g., a threshold value used to identify whether two component carriers are out-of-sync or non-synchronous to a suitable amount to justify adjustment). In response to determining that the first difference is greater than the threshold value of time, the electronic device  52  may transmit the first difference as an indication of maximum receive delay to one or more base stations  50  (e.g., each of the first base station  50 , the second base station  50 , and the third base station  50 ). The base stations  50  may then adjust communication configurations based on the indication of maximum receive delay from the electronic device  52 , including for example, delaying one or more uplink allocations or downlink allocations to better accommodate and/or compensate for delays experienced by the electronic device  52 . 
     The wireless network provider may configure the electronic device  52  to provide the assistance information as part of a measurement object. The configuration of the electronic device  52  may be associated with an identifier of the component carriers  56  and/or an identifier of the cells  54  associated with each base station  50 , such as a physical cell identifier (ID). The electronic device  52  may generate and/or repeat determination of the maximum receive time delay (MRTD) difference (referred to interchangeably as “maximum difference”) in response to a command from one of the base stations  50  and/or in a periodic manner, such as every day, every hour, or any other suitable time condition. In some cases, the electronic device  52  may monitor delays between the various component carriers  56  and, when one or more delays drift too far from a value (e.g., when a respective receive delay is determined to be greater than a threshold amount of delay), may generate and/or re-determine the maximum difference. It is noted that the electronic device  52  may additionally or alternatively generate and/or re-determine each receive delay for transmission to the base stations  50  in response to an aperiodic condition (e.g., in response to a command from the base station) and/or periodic condition (e.g., each hour, each day, other suitable time condition). For example, the determination of the receive delay and/or the determination of the MRTD may be initiated (e.g., repeated) in response to a radio resource control (RRC) protocol message instructing the determination, in response to a medium access control (MAC) protocol message instructing the determination, in response to a message transmitted via a physical layer signaling instructing the determination, in response to a control signal, according to timing parameters or on a timing schedule (e.g., periodic request), or the like. Indeed, the RRC protocol message, the MAC protocol message, the physical layer signaling, and/or the control signal may respectively be transmitted aperiodically or periodically (e.g., transmitted on a timing-based schedule). It is also noted that the wireless network provider may trigger redetermination of one or more receive delays by commanding the base stations  50  to instruct the electronic device  52  to repeat the determinations. 
     In some cases, the electronic device  52  may periodically send a physical random-access channel (PRACH) communication on each of the component carriers  56 . The PRACH communication may enable each of the base stations  50  to determine timing differences seen by the electronic device  52 . In some cases, each of the base stations  50  may receive messages transmitted on each of the component carriers  56 , and thus may identify delays in communications when messages are received with delay between each reception (e.g., a delay beyond a threshold amount of time). For example, a base station receiving a first message on a first component carrier at a much later time that a second message on a second component carrier may identify that the first component carrier experiences a delay relative to the second component carrier. 
     In some cases, however, the electronic device  52  may send two or more PRACH communications on a component carrier to a base station, where a first PRACH communication may have a timing corresponding to the component carrier while a second PRACH communication may have a timing corresponding to another component carrier. The receive delay between the first PRACH communication and the second PRACH communication may then be determined by the base station (e.g., the base station  50 B, the base station  50 C). It is noted that the electronic device  52  may additionally or alternatively use the PRACH communication to request an uplink allocation from the base stations  50 . In this way, at a first time the electronic device  52  may use the PRACH communication to request an uplink allocation, and at a second time the electronic device  52  may transmit an additional PRACH communication to facilitate in the base stations  50  determining a receive delay. 
     To elaborate,  FIG.  13    is a flow chart of a method  168  for operating the electronic device  52  to transmit or receive RF signals using a communication configuration adjusted based on delays seen by a base station, such as the base station  50 C, when receiving one or more PRACH communications, according to embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that, although depicted in a particular order, the blocks of the method  168  may be performed in any suitable order, and at least some blocks may be skipped altogether. As described herein, the method  168  is described as performed by the base station  50 C, however, it should be understood that any suitable processing and/or control circuitry may perform some or all of the operations of the method  168 , such as one or more of the processors  12 . It is noted that, as described above, the base station  50 C transmits to and/or receives messages from the electronic device  52  using frequencies within a frequency range of the component carrier  56 A. 
     At block  170 , the electronic device  52  may transmit a first uplink request and a second uplink request to the base station  50 C (e.g., first base station). The first uplink request and the second uplink request may be PRACH communications and/or may be some other suitable packet transmission related to and/or unrelated to uplink allocation requesting operations. The first uplink request may indicate beam characteristics and/or timing for the base station  50 C, while the second uplink request may indicate beam characteristics and/or timing for an additional base station, such as base station  50 B. The base station  50 C, in response to receiving the first uplink request and the second uplink request, may determine a receive timing of the first component carrier  56 A relative to the second component carrier  56 B using the received beam characteristics and/or timing for the base stations  50 B,  50 C, and may use the receive timing to update communication configurations for the electronic device  52 . 
     At block  172 , the electronic device  52  may receive an updated communication configuration from the base station  50 C. The updated communication configuration may adjust an interruption parameter associated with the component carrier  56 A to adjust for any relative delays between communications on the component carrier  56 A and the component carriers  56 B. For example, the updated communication configuration may define communication schedules and/or parameters, such as the interruption parameter, that incorporate adjustments made by the base station  50 C to accommodate and/or compensate for a determined difference seen by the electronic device  52  (e.g., the difference or delay between communications received on the component carrier  56 A and on the component carrier  56 B). 
     At block  174 , the electronic device  52  may apply the updated communication configuration to its software and/or hardware (e.g., replace a previous communication configuration stored in software and/or affecting operation of transceiver circuitry). After application of the updated communication configuration, the electronic device  52  may, at block  176 , communicate with the base station  50 C according to the updated communication configuration and may communicate with the base station  50 B according to the original communication configuration. The original communication configuration may remain applicable to the second component carrier  56 B since the adjustments to the communication configuration used to communicate via the first component carrier  56 A were made relative to the detected timing and/or detected communication pattern of the second component carrier  56 B. 
     To elaborate further on the operation of the base station  50 C during performance of the method  168 ,  FIG.  14    is a flow chart of a method  188  for operating a base station, such as the base station  50 C, to transmit or receive RF signals using a communication configuration adjusted based on delays seen by the base station, according to embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that, although depicted in a particular order, the blocks of the method  188  may be performed in any suitable order, and at least some blocks may be skipped altogether. As described herein, the method  188  is described as performed by the base station  50 C, however, it should be understood that any suitable processing and/or control circuitry may perform some or all of the operations of the method  188 , such as one or more of the processors  12 . It is noted that, as described above, the base station  50 C transmits to and/or receives messages from the electronic device  52  using frequencies within a frequency range of the component carrier  56 A. 
     At block  190 , the base station  50 C may receive a first uplink request and a second uplink request from the electronic device  52 . The electronic device  52  may transmit the first uplink request and the second uplink request to the base station  50 C. The first uplink request and the second uplink request may be a PRACH communication and/or may be some other suitable packet transmission related and/or unrelated to uplink allocation requesting operations. The first uplink request may indicate beam characteristics and/or timing for the base station  50 C, while the second uplink request may indicate beam characteristics and/or timing for an additional base station, such as base station  50 B. 
     At block  192 , the base station  50 C may determine a receive timing of the first communication carrier  56 A in response to receiving the first uplink request and the second uplink request. The receive timing may be determined by the base station  50 C relative to the second communication carrier  56 B based on the beam characteristics and/or timing for the base stations  50 B,  50 C. The base station  50 C may use the receive timing to update communication configurations for the electronic device  52 . 
     The base station  50 C may, at block  194 , generate an updated communication configuration (e.g., update communication configuration) to be applied to communications with the electronic device  52 . The updated communication configuration may adjust an interruption parameter associated with the component carrier  56 A to adjust for any relative delays between communications on the component carrier  56 A and the component carriers  56 B. 
     At block  196 , the base station  50 C may apply the updated communication configuration to its software and/or hardware (e.g., replace a previous communication configuration stored in software and/or affecting operation of transceiver circuitry) used for communicating with the electronic device  52  over the component carrier  56 A. At block  198 , the base station  50 C may transmit the updated communication configuration to the electronic device  52 , so that the electronic device  52  may also apply the updated communication configuration. The updated communication configuration may be transmitted to the electronic device  52  using transmission parameters associated with an original communication configuration and/or the communication configuration adjusted to generate the updated communication configuration. Furthermore, the base station  50 C may apply the updated communication configuration at least partially at the same time as transmitting the updated communication configuration to the electronic device  52 . 
     After application of the updated communication configuration, the base station  50 C may, at block  200 , communicate with the electronic device  52  according to the updated communication configuration. It is noted that the electronic device  52  may communicate with the base station  50 B according to a different communication configuration, such as a communication configuration unchanged from an original communication. 
     In some cases, these systems and methods described above may be applied to systems that use different frequencies of message transmissions between component carriers  56 . To elaborate,  FIG.  15    is a timing diagram illustrating two example communication configurations for two component carriers  56 , such as component carrier  56 A and component carrier  56 B, according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The base stations  50  corresponding to the component carriers  56  may use different transmission numerologies when sending packets to the electronic device  52 , and in this way may transmit packets at a different frequency using different frequency ranges within a same frequency band. Transmission numerologies may be defined in Table 1. 
     For each mu-value (e.g., μ=0, 1, 2, 3, 4), a subcarrier frequency may be defined. For example, when the numerology equals 0 (e.g., μ=0), packets are sent by the base stations  50 C at a rate substantially equal to 15 kilohertz (kHz) on the frequency range corresponding to the component carrier  56 A. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Numerology (μ) 
                 Δf = 2 μ  * 15[kWz] 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 0 
                 20 
               
               
                   
                 1 
                 30 
               
               
                   
                 2 
                 60 
               
               
                   
                 3 
                 120 
               
               
                   
                 4 
                 240 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     It is noted that each numerology may or may not correspond to a same cyclic prefix length (e.g., a same length of the prefix  80 ). Furthermore, any of the other examples described may be used in combination with the mixed numerology deployments described in association with  FIG.  15   . When the numerology changes of communications on the component carriers  56 , time periods when the uplink communications of one component carrier overlaps with downlink communications of another component carrier may change. 
     Take, for example, the case where component carrier  56 A has a numerology of 2 (e.g., μ=2) and component carrier  56 B has a numerology of 3 (e.g., μ=3). This may correspond to the communication schedule depicted in  FIG.  15   . As may be appreciated, symbols  210  corresponding to the component carrier  56 B (e.g., symbol  210 A, symbol  210 B, symbol  210 C) occur at a higher frequency of repetition (e.g., 120 kHz for μ=3) than the symbols  210  corresponding to the component carrier  56 A (e.g., symbol  210 D, symbol  210 E, symbol  210 F), which has a relatively slower frequency of repetition (e.g., 60 kHz for μ=2). To reduce a likelihood (e.g., reduce, reduce to zero chance) of an undesired number of symbols  210  being dropped for either of the component carriers  56 , the base stations  50  and/or the electronic device  52  may adjust communication configurations for use when transmitting on one or more of the component carriers  56  based on the numerology associated with the component carriers  56 . 
     In particular, the communication configurations may be adjusted to change the adjustment (e.g., variable adjustment  84 , constant adjustment  74 ) used to delay an uplink allocation  212  for transmission of uplink messages  76 . The adjustments to a number of symbols  210  used to pause downlink operations on component carrier  56 A and component carrier  56 B may follow relationships presented in the tables below, Table 2, Table 3, and/or Table 4. Each of Tables 1˜4 presume receive delay ranges between 0 and 8 μs. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Number of Symbol 
                 Number of Symbol 
               
               
                   
                 Interruptions 
                 Interruptions 
               
               
                 Numerology (μ) 
                 before CC1 Uplink 
                 after CC1 Uplink 
               
               
                 of CC1 
                 Allocated Symbol 
                 Allocated Symbol 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 2 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                 3 
                 2 
                 0 
               
               
                 4 
                 4 
                 0 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Number of Symbol Interruptions of CC2 
               
               
                 before CC1 Uplink Allocated Symbol 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Numerology (μ) 
                 Numerology (μ) of CC1 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 of CC2 
                 2 
                 3 
                 4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 2 
                 2 
                 2 
                 2 
               
               
                   
                 3 
                 3 
                 3 
                 3 
               
               
                   
                 4 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Number of Symbol Interruptions of CC2 
               
               
                 after CC1 Uplink Allocated Symbol 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Numerology (μ) 
                 Numerology (μ) of CC1 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 of CC2 
                 2 
                 3 
                 4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 2 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 3 
                 2 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 4 
                 5 
                 3 
                 2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     For example, in the case in  FIG.  15   , the component carrier  56 B has its downlink communications interrupted (e.g., paused, delayed) by the base station  50 B 3 symbols  210  (e.g., symbol  210 B, symbol  210 C, symbol  210 G) before the symbol  210 F of the component carrier  56 A (e.g., the symbol allocated for uplink messages  76 ). However, if the component carrier  56 B was of numerology 4 (e.g., μ=4), the downlink communications may be interrupted 5 symbols before the symbol  210 F. The component carrier  56 B is also shown as continuing to have its downlink communications interrupted for two symbols  210  (e.g., symbol  210 H, symbol  210 I) after the symbol  210 F. Once the interruption period ends, such as at time  214 , substantially simultaneous downlink operations continue on the component carrier  56 A and/or the component carrier  56 B, such as with downlink communication  216  and/or downlink communication  218 . It is noted that the transition time used to prepare circuitry of the base station  50 C and/or the electronic device  52  for the uplink message  76  may be included in the symbols  210  as the duration  82 . 
     In Table 2, updates to the communication configuration used to transmit signals on component carrier  56 A takes care of any delay in resuming downlink operations for the base station  50 C after the end of the symbol  210 F, and thus these parameters are set to 0. In some cases, however, it may be desired for this delay to be nonzero, and thus it is noted that any number of symbols  210  after the symbol  210 F may be unallocated and used to further delay downlink communications, if desired. Furthermore, the numerology 0 through 4 may correspond to New Radio (NR) and/or 5 th  generation (5G) component carriers  56  (e.g., component carriers  56  defined to operate in frequency ranges associated with NR wavelengths) while the numerology 0 may correspond to Long Term Evolution (LTE) component carriers and/or 4 th  generation (4G) component carriers  56  (e.g., component carriers  56  defined to operate in frequency ranges associated with LTE wavelengths). The Table 2, Table 3, and/or Table 4 represent one example of numerology and symbol interruption definitions that may be used when implementing a wireless network, but it should be understood that any suitable combination of symbol delays and/or communication configurations may be used. 
     To elaborate further on the operation of the base stations  50  when considering numerologies,  FIG.  16    is a flow chart of a method  230  for operating a base station, such as the base station  50 C, to transmit and/or receive RF signals using a communication configuration adjusted based on delays seen by the base station and based on numerologies associated with the base stations  50  communicating with the electronic device  52 , according to embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that, although depicted in a particular order, the blocks of the method  230  may be performed in any suitable order, and at least some blocks may be skipped altogether. As described herein, the method  230  is described as performed by the base station  50 C, however, it should be understood that any suitable processing and/or control circuitry may perform some or all of the operations of the method  230 , such as one or more of the processors  12 . It is noted that, as described above, the base station  50 C transmits to and/or receives messages from the electronic device  52  using frequencies within a frequency range of the component carrier  56 A. 
     At block  232 , the base station  50 C may transmit a first packet to the electronic device  52  according to a first communication configuration on the component carrier  56 A. At block  234 , the base station  50 C may receive an indication of a receive delay from the electronic device  52  that describes a communication delay experienced by the electronic device  52  between communications from at least the base station  50 C and the base station  50 B. In this way, it is noted that the electronic device  52  may transmit a maximum receive delay to the base station  50 C representative of a worst-case delay seen by the electronic device  52  at a particular time and/or may transmit each determined receive delay to the base station  50 C. Furthermore, it is noted that the base station  50 C, in some cases, may receive one or more signals, such as a PRACH communication, from the electronic device  52  and may use the one or more signals to determine the receive delay between the signals itself. These embodiments described may align with some or all of the operations described above with regard to other figures. 
     At block  236 , the base station  50 C may receive a first numerology parameter for the base station  50 B and a second numerology parameter for the base station  50 C (e.g., determine its own numerology parameter by retrieving from memory). As described above, each respective numerology parameter may determine a respective frequency of packet transmission occurrence for sending packets on signals within a frequency range corresponding to a component carrier of the respective base station  50 . In this way, each of the base stations  50  may operate according to two frequencies—a first frequency associated with a frequency range for transmitting signals, and a second frequency associated with how fast an additional message is scheduled for transmission and/or a number of occurrences of symbols  210  within a set duration of time. 
     At block  238 , the base station  50 C may generate a second communication configuration (e.g., may update the first communication configuration) based on the receive delay, the first numerology parameter, and the second numerology parameter. When generating the second communication configuration, the base station  50 C may reference look-up tables stored in memory, similar to memory  14  and/or nonvolatile storage  16 , indicative of information shown in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, and/or Table 4. In some cases, the base station  50 C may include processors, similar to the processor  12 , that execute code stored in memory, similar to memory  14  and/or nonvolatile storage  16 , to run through logical conditions to determine a suitable schedule for the symbols  210  for the component carrier  56 A and/or the component carrier  56 B. It is noted that the base station  50 C may determine the second communication configuration such that the second communication configuration defines operation for communicating on the component carrier  56 A and/or the component carrier  56 B. However, in some cases, the base station  50 B may determine its own communication configuration based at least in part on the numerology parameters for the base stations  50  and/or the receive delay. 
     Once the second communication configuration is generated, the base station  50 C may, at block  242 , transmit the second communication configuration to the electronic device  52 . The electronic device  52  and/or the base station  50 C may apply the second communication configuration to prepare to communication without interfering downlink operations associated with the base station  50 B. After applying the second communication configuration to the electronic device  52  and/or the base station  50 C, at block  244 , the base station  50 C may transmit a second packet to the electronic device  52  according to the second communication configuration. 
     In some cases, the electronic device  52  may include multiple antenna panels. Each antenna panel of the electronic device  52  may include an antenna element, an array of antenna elements, or multiple antenna arrays. Having two or more antenna panels may mean that the electronic device  52  is able to perform uplink operations on a first component carrier simultaneous to downlink operations on a second component carrier, or vice versa, without an interruption to operations occurring (e.g., at least partially simultaneous uplink operations and downlink operations). Accordingly, the previous embodiments may be performed on an electronic device  52  having one or more antenna panels (including an electronic device  52  having only one antenna panel), while the following embodiments may be performed on an electronic device  52  having more than one antenna panel. When the electronic device  52  does not include multiple antenna panels, or when the electronic device  52  receives two or more component carriers  56  using a same antenna panel, the electronic device  52  may be said to support non-simultaneous uplink operations and downlink operations, and may operate with consideration for delaying downlink communications in response to an incoming uplink communication. 
       FIG.  17    provides an example of this operation.  FIG.  17    is an illustration of a first electronic device  52 A and a second electronic device  52 B, according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The electronic devices  52 A,  52 B both include at least two antenna panels. The electronic device  52 A shows an example operation where the electronic device  52 A receives communications on two of the component carriers  56  (e.g., component carrier  56 C, component carrier  56 D) on a same panel while the electronic device  52 B shows an example operation where the electronic device  52 B receives communications on a first component carrier (e.g., component carrier  56 A) that may be simultaneous to communications on a second component carrier (e.g., component carrier  56 B). The electronic device  52 B is able to receive at least partially simultaneous uplink communications and downlink communications since the electronic device  52 B receives the signals on the component carrier  56 A on an antenna panel different from the antenna panel used to receive signals on the component carrier  56 B. 
     It is noted that, as the electronic device  52 A and/or the electronic device  52 B physically move, and thus receive signals at different angles and/or at different amplitudes, distribution of which antenna panels receive signals from which of the component carriers  56  may change. For example, an electronic device  52  may operate according to the example case corresponding to the electronic device  52 A, but may move location and, at a second time, operate according to the example case corresponding to the electronic device  52 B. 
     To account for changes in operational mode of the electronic device  52 , such as from a simultaneous operational mode to a non-simultaneous operational mode, or vice versa, the electronic device  52  may indicate to one or more base stations  50  whether it is able to receive overlapping uplink communications and downlink communications from different component carriers. For example, the electronic device  52 A may provide an indication to the base station  50 A communicating that the electronic device  52 A is unable to receive overlapping uplink communications and downlink communications from the component carrier  56 C and from the second component carrier  56 D. However, the electronic device  52 B may provide an indication to the base station  50 B and/or the base station  50 C communicating that the electronic device  52 B is able to receive at least partially overlapping uplink communications and downlink communications from the component carrier  56 A and the component carrier  56 B, since packets on these subsets of component carriers  56  may be received on respective antenna panels. 
     In some cases, the electronic device  52  may permit simultaneous communications on a frequency band without permitting simultaneous communications between one or more component carriers of the frequency band. Although not particularly described, other combinations of considerations between frequency bands and/or component carriers may also be permitted. It is noted that these methods may be combined with any of the other described methods herein. For example, descriptions associated with at least  FIG.  17    may be combined with operations of  FIG.  12    as an enhancement to further improve operations of  FIG.  12   , such as to permit simultaneous transmit and receive operations while also considering receive delays (e.g., MRTD) between communications from different base stations  50  or on different component carriers  56 . Indeed, user equipment (UE) assistance information discussed herein that includes receive timing difference information (e.g., indications of MRTD seen by the electronic device  52 ) may also be combined with a capability of an electronic device  52  for simultaneous transmit and receive operations, such as when the electronic device  52  includes a suitable number of antenna circuitry to simultaneously transmit and receive communications. The combined operations may be discussed with respect to at least  FIGS.  18  and  19   . 
     The electronic device  52  may, thus, indicate which component carriers  56  may be activated for simultaneous transmission and reception operations (e.g., simultaneous uplink and downlink operations) and/or may indicate which frequency bands that include one or more component carriers  56  may be activated for simultaneous transmission and reception operations, and may indicate when the electronic device  52  may no longer support simultaneous transmission and reception operations. Furthermore, the electronic device  52  may provide an indication to the base stations  50  which combination of component carriers  56  and/or frequency bands may be used to support simultaneous transmission and reception operations. The indication provided to the base stations  50  from the electronic device  52  may be a flag, a message, a control signal, or the like. 
     To elaborate further on the operation of the electronic device  52  in these cases,  FIG.  18    is a flow chart of a method  256  for operating the electronic device  52  to determine which operational mode is suitable to use when communicating with one or more base stations  50  based at least in part on antenna panels of the electronic device  52 , according to embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that, although depicted in a particular order, the blocks of the method  256  may be performed in any suitable order, and at least some blocks may be skipped altogether. As described herein, the method  256  is described as performed by the electronic device  52 , however, it should be understood that any suitable processing and/or control circuitry may perform some or all of the operations of the method  256 , such as one or more of the processors  12 . 
     At block  258 , the electronic device  52  may determine a signal strength and/or amplitude of signals received on one or more component carriers  56  and/or a frequency band used by one or more base stations  50  to communicate with the electronic device  52 . The determination by the electronic device  52  to support simultaneous transmission and reception operations on certain frequency ranges at certain antenna panels may be made on signal quality, thresholding (e.g., whether a signal strength is greater than a threshold amount), signal power, signal strength, other monitoring parameters, or the like. In this way, the electronic device may monitor the component carriers  56  to determine which panel to use to communicate on one or more of the component carriers  56  (and to determine with which base stations  50  to communicate). Geometry of an antenna panel may limit and/or adjust the range or geographical boundaries for each antenna panel. For example, the geometry of the antenna panel may include a number and/or type of antenna, a number and/or type of antenna amplifier, or the like. 
     The electronic device  52  may determine, at block  260 , that a detected signal is greater than or equal to a threshold signal strength, thereby warranting classification of a frequency range of the signal to an antenna of the electronic device  52 . A value of the threshold signal strength may be based on a sensitivity of the antenna circuitry of the antenna panel and/or may be valued such that signals having an amplitude or detected signal strength of that of detectable noise are ignored. For example, signals characterized by a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 0 decibels (dB) or greater may include sufficiently low levels of noise to be detected (e.g., threshold signal strength equaling approximately 0 dB). In some cases, signals characterized by a SNR of between −20 dB and 0 dB may be considered as greater than or equal to the threshold signal strength (e.g., where threshold signal strength equals approximately −20 dB). Once classified and/or identified as having a suitable strength, the electronic device  52  may use the component carrier carrying the signal to further communicate with its corresponding base station. 
     When the signal is not greater than or equal to the threshold signal strength, the electronic device  52  may, at block  258 , repeat a determination of signal strength to attempt to identify a component carrier to use for communication. However, when the signal is greater than or equal to the threshold signal strength, the electronic device  52  may, at block  262 , assign one or more antenna panels to the component carrier (e.g., the frequency range) corresponding to the detected signal of suitable strength. The electronic device  52  may assign component carriers  56  to one or more antenna panels by using any suitable method, such as by tuning the antenna panel and/or supporting communication circuitry to the frequency range of one or more of the component carriers  56 . The electronic device  52  may maintain a log that indicates which antenna panel is tuned to which component carrier. The log may be stored in memory, such as memory  14  and/or nonvolatile storage  16 , and accessed at a later time, such as to determine which antenna panel is assigned to multiple component carriers  56 . 
     Once one or more antenna panels are assigned, the electronic device  52  may, at block  264 , determine whether any of the assigned antenna panels are shared between one or more component carriers  56  and/or frequency bands of the base stations  50 . In this way, the electronic device  52  may determine whether an antenna panel is assigned to a first component carrier and to a second component carrier. 
     When the electronic device  52  determines that one or more antenna panels are not shared, the electronic device  52  may, at block  266 , generate and transmit an indication to one or more base stations  50  that communicates that simultaneous communication is supported. The base stations  50  that receive the indication may each communicate on frequency ranges that are not received at a same antenna panel. 
     However, when, at block  264 , the electronic device  52  determines that one or more antenna panels are shared, the electronic device  52  may, at block  268 , transmit an indication to one or more base stations  50  communicating that the electronic device  52  is not able to receive simultaneous communications at each respective shared antenna panel. The electronic device  52  may transmit an indication to each base station that is expected to communicate using the component carrier received by the shared antenna panel. In some cases, the electronic device  52  may identify a frequency range of a packet received when determining the signal strength at block  258 , and may use the identified frequency range to transmit the indication to the base station. The base stations  50  and/or the electronic device  52  may proceed to operate according to methods described herein where receive delays are considered when delaying downlink operations and/or assigning uplink allocations, such as methods described in at least  FIG.  9    and/or  FIG.  10   . Considering receive delays may permit the base stations  50  sending packets on a frequency range to an antenna panel shared by another frequency range to reduce a likelihood of overlapping downlink operations and uplink operations occurring, thereby improving communication operations of the wireless network. 
     In response to transmitting the indications at block  266  and/or block  268 , the electronic device  52  may, at block  270 , receive an updated communication configuration from one or more base stations  50  to reconfigure how the electronic device  52  is to communicate with the one or more base stations  50 . Similar to as described above, the electronic device  52  may communicate with the base stations  50  after applying the updated communication configuration to avoid any unpermitted simultaneous uplink communications and downlink communications, thereby improving communication operations between the electronic device  52  and the base stations  50 . The electronic device  52  may adjust operation of its receiver and/or its transmitter when applying the updated communication configuration. 
     To elaborate further on the operation of the base stations  50  when considering indications from the electronic device  52  on whether simultaneous (e.g., overlapping) communications between component carriers  56  is permitted,  FIG.  19    is a flow chart of a method  282  for operating a base station, such as the base station  50 C, to communicate with the electronic device  52  based at least in part on antenna panels of the electronic device  52 , according to embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that, although depicted in a particular order, the blocks of the method  282  may be performed in any suitable order, and at least some blocks may be skipped altogether. As described herein, the method  282  is described as performed by the base station  50 C, however, it should be understood that any suitable processing and/or control circuitry may perform some or all of the operations of the method  282 , such as one or more of the processors  12 . It is noted that, as described above, the base station  50 C transmits to and/or receives messages from the electronic device  52  using frequencies within a frequency range of the component carrier  56 A. 
     At block  284 , the base station  50 C receive an indication from the electronic device  52  associated with communication on one or more component carriers  56  (e.g., first component carrier, second component carrier). The indication may be the same indication generated by the electronic device  52  at block  266  and/or block  268  of the method  256 . The base station  50 C may, at block  286 , determine whether simultaneous transmission and/or reception is supported. In other words, the base station  50 C may determine whether uplink operations and downlink operations may occur at least partially simultaneous to each other. The base station  50 C may interpret a voltage level and/or data transmitted as the indication to determine whether the electronic device  52  is operating to permit simultaneous communications from one or more component carriers  56 . 
     When the base station  50 C determines that the indication communicates that the electronic device  52  is able to process simultaneous downlink and uplink operations, the base station  50 C may, at block  288 , transmit one or more packets on the component carrier  56 A according to an original communication configuration (e.g., a first communication configuration that is not updated) without consideration for whether overlapping downlink operations and uplink operations are expected to occur and/or without consideration for transmission delays associated with at least one other component carrier. However, when the base station  50 C determines that the indication is communicating that the electronic device  52  is unable to process simultaneous downlink operations and uplink operations, the base station  50 C may, at block  290 , transmit one or more packets according to an updated communication configuration. The updated communication configuration may be generated using one or more of the above-described systems and/or methods, and thus may consider transmission delays when being generated and applied. 
     Keeping the foregoing in mind, in some cases, one or more base stations  50  may estimate the receive delay and/or have access to an indication of a receive delay to apply to communication configurations. For example, the receive delay may be hardcoded at an installation of one or more of the base stations  50 , and thus may be accessible in memory to the one or more processors  12  of the base stations  50 . In other cases, the base stations  50  may include separate transceiver circuitry to send signals to and/or receive signals from neighboring base stations  50 . Inter-base station communication may enable the base stations  50  to determine a receive delay expected to be seen by the electronic device  52 . This process may involve triangulation processes and/or analyzing global positioning service (GPS) data associated with a physical location of the electronic device  52  relative to physical locations of the base stations  50  to determine the receive delay. 
     Furthermore, it is noted that component carriers  56  may operate contiguously in a same frequency band (e.g., referred to as intra-band contiguous carrier aggregation), non-contiguously in a same frequency band but separated by one or more frequency gaps (e.g., referred to as intra-band non-contiguous carrier aggregation), and/or in different frequency bands (e.g., inter-band carrier aggregation). The base stations  50  may receive from and/or transmit to a downlink control information (DCI). The DCI may include information used to schedule downlink data channel (e.g., Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)) and/or to schedule uplink data channels (e.g., Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)). Additionally or alternatively, the base stations  50  may receive a media access control protocol address (MAC address) that uniquely identifies a network interface controller (NIC), and which may be used as a network address in communications within a network segment, such as to identify communications to and/or from the electronic device  52 . The base stations  50  may use processes, such as Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol processes, to transmit messages between base stations  50  of a radio network (e.g., wireless network provided by base stations  50 ) and/or between the electronic device  52 . Furthermore, the base stations  50  may include an access management device that performs operations, such as Access and Mobility Management Functions (AMF), associated with deployment of the radio network (e.g., wireless network, cellular network, core network of a cellular service provider). The access management device may also perform operations associated with registering and/or maintain information associated with user devices accessing and/or attempting to access the radio network, such as User Plane Functions (UPF). In this way, access management device of each base station  50  may access permissions associated with SIM cards of the electronic device  52  when registering the electronic device  52  to the wireless network. 
     Technical effects of the present disclosure include systems and methods for operating transceiver circuitry to transmit or receive signals on various frequency ranges. Frequency ranges may be used to define component carriers, and some electronic devices may be unable to perform simultaneous uplink operations and downlink operations. Operations that delay performance of downlink operations when an uplink operation is to be performed may be improved by considering delays experienced by an electronic device when receiving messages (e.g., packets) on different component carriers originating from base stations disposed different distances from the electronic device. For example, the uplink operation allocation may be scheduled to occur at a later time than what is permitted from a previous downlink operation to improve alignment of the uplink operation allocation to a downlink operation allocation for a different component carrier. 
     The specific embodiments described above have been shown by way of example, and it should be understood that these embodiments may be susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms. It should be further understood that the claims are not intended to be limited to the particular forms disclosed, but rather to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. 
     The techniques presented and claimed herein are referenced and applied to material objects and concrete examples of a practical nature that demonstrably improve the present technical field and, as such, are not abstract, intangible or purely theoretical. Further, if any claims appended to the end of this specification contain one or more elements designated as “means for [perform]ing [a function] . . . ” or “step for [perform]ing [a function] . . . ”, it is intended that such elements are to be interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f). However, for any claims containing elements designated in any other manner, it is intended that such elements are not to be interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f).

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20220622
Publication Date: 20230905
Grant Date: 20230905
Priority Date: 20200212
Inventors: IOFFE, ANATOLIY SERGEY
WAGNER, ELMAR
ZALESKI, JAN M.
CUI, JIE
TANG, YANG
HANKE, ANDRE
Assignee: APPLE INC
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Family ID: 77178049