PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-10566689-B2
Application Number: US-201514865829-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Antenna system

Abstract:
Described are an antenna system for wireless communication and a method of configuration thereof. The antenna system can include a first radiator having a first resonance frequency, a second radiator having a second resonance frequency different from the first resonance frequency, a first electromagnetic coupler associated with the first radiator and a first frontend, a second electromagnetic coupler associated with the second radiator and a second frontend, and a switch. The switch can be configured to connect the first electromagnetic coupler and the second electromagnetic coupler in an inter antenna aggregation configuration in a first mode of operation. The switch can also be configured to connect the first electromagnetic coupler and the second electromagnetic coupler in an intra antenna aggregation configuration in a second mode of operation.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An antenna system for wireless communication, comprising:
 a first radiator having a first resonance frequency; 
 a second radiator having a second resonance frequency different from the first resonance frequency; 
 a first electromagnetic coupler associated with the first radiator and a first frontend; 
 a second electromagnetic coupler associated with the second radiator and a second frontend, the first radiator and the second electromagnetic coupler being disposed on a first surface of a printed circuit board (PCB), and the second radiator and the first electromagnetic coupler being disposed on a second surface of the PCB opposite the first surface of the PCB, wherein the first electromagnetic coupler at least partially overlaps the first radiator and the second electromagnetic coupler in a direction substantially perpendicular to the first and second surfaces, and the second radiator at least partially overlaps the second electromagnetic coupler in the direction substantially perpendicular to the first and second surfaces; and 
 a switch configured to:
 connect the first electromagnetic coupler and the second electromagnetic coupler in an inter antenna aggregation configuration in a first mode of operation; and 
 connect the first electromagnetic coupler and the second electromagnetic coupler in an intra antenna aggregation configuration in a second mode of operation. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The antenna system of  claim 1 , wherein, in the inter antenna aggregation configuration, the switch is configured to:
 connect the first frontend to the first electromagnetic coupler, and 
 connect the second frontend to the second electromagnetic coupler. 
 
     
     
       3. The antenna system of  claim 1 , wherein, in the intra antenna aggregation configuration, the switch is configured to:
 connect the first and second electromagnetic couplers together, 
 connect the first electromagnetic coupler to the first frontend, and 
 connect the second electromagnetic coupler to the first frontend via the connection of the first and second electromagnetic couplers. 
 
     
     
       4. The antenna system of  claim 1 , wherein:
 in the inter antenna aggregation configuration, the switch is configured to:
 connect the first frontend to the first electromagnetic coupler, and 
 connect the second frontend to the second electromagnetic coupler; and 
 
 in the intra antenna aggregation configuration, the switch is configured to:
 connect the first and second electromagnetic couplers together, 
 connect the first electromagnetic coupler to the first frontend, and 
 connect the second electromagnetic coupler to the first frontend via the connection of the first and second electromagnetic couplers. 
 
 
     
     
       5. The antenna system of  claim 1 , wherein the switch comprises:
 a first switch configured to connect the second electromagnetic coupler to the second frontend; and 
 a second switch configured to connect the first and second electromagnetic couplers together. 
 
     
     
       6. The antenna system of  claim 5 , wherein the switch further comprises:
 a third switch configured to connect the first electromagnetic coupler to first frontend. 
 
     
     
       7. The antenna system of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 a first tuning device connected to the first radiator, the first tuning device being configured to tune the first radiator within a first frequency range; and 
 a second tuning device connected to the second radiator, the second tuning device being configured to tune the second radiator within a second frequency range different from the first frequency range. 
 
     
     
       8. The antenna system of  claim 1 , wherein the second radiator and the first electromagnetic coupler are disposed on a first surface of a printed circuit board (PCB), and the first radiator and the second electromagnetic coupler are disposed on a second surface of the PCB opposite the first surface of the PCB. 
     
     
       9. The antenna system of  claim 8 , wherein the first electromagnetic coupler and the first radiator are spaced apart from the second electromagnetic coupler and the second radiator in a direction substantially parallel to the first and the second surfaces of the PCB. 
     
     
       10. The antenna system of  claim 1 , wherein, in the inter antenna aggregation configuration, the switch is configured to connect the first and second radiators to the first frontend, and disconnect the first and second radiators from the second frontend. 
     
     
       11. The antenna system of  claim 1 , wherein, in the intra antenna aggregation configuration, the switch is configured to:
 connect the first radiator to the first frontend and disconnect the first radiator from the second frontend, and 
 connect the second radiator to the second frontend and disconnect the second radiator from the first frontend. 
 
     
     
       12. The antenna system of  claim 1 , wherein:
 in the inter antenna aggregation configuration, the switch is configured to connect the first and second radiators to the first frontend, and disconnect the first and second radiators from the second frontend; and 
 in the intra antenna aggregation configuration, the switch is configured to:
 connect the first radiator to the first frontend and disconnect the first radiator from the second frontend, and 
 connect the second radiator to the second frontend and disconnect the second radiator from the first frontend. 
 
 
     
     
       13. The antenna system of  claim 1 , wherein the first frontend is associated with a first frequency range, and the second frontend is associated with a second frequency range different from the first frequency range. 
     
     
       14. An antenna system for wireless communication, comprising:
 a first radiator having a first resonance frequency; 
 a second radiator having a second resonance frequency different from the first resonance frequency; 
 a first electromagnetic coupler associated with the first radiator and a first frontend; 
 a second electromagnetic coupler associated with the second radiator and a second frontend, the second radiator and the first electromagnetic coupler being disposed on a first surface of a printed circuit board (PCB), and the first radiator and the second electromagnetic coupler being disposed on a second surface of the PCB opposite the first surface of the PCB, wherein the first electromagnetic coupler and the first radiator are spaced apart from the second electromagnetic coupler and the second radiator in a direction substantially parallel to the first and the second surfaces of the PCB; and 
 a switch configured to:
 connect the first electromagnetic coupler and the second electromagnetic coupler in an inter antenna aggregation configuration in a first mode of operation; and 
 connect the first electromagnetic coupler and the second electromagnetic coupler in an intra antenna aggregation configuration in a second mode of operation. 
 
 
     
     
       15. The antenna system of  claim 14 , wherein, in the inter antenna aggregation configuration, the switch is configured to:
 connect the first frontend to the first electromagnetic coupler, and 
 connect the second frontend to the second electromagnetic coupler. 
 
     
     
       16. The antenna system of  claim 14 , wherein, in the intra antenna aggregation configuration, the switch is configured to:
 connect the first and second electromagnetic couplers together, 
 connect the first electromagnetic coupler to the first frontend, and 
 connect the second electromagnetic coupler to the first frontend via the connection of the first and second electromagnetic couplers. 
 
     
     
       17. The antenna system of  claim 14 , wherein:
 in the inter antenna aggregation configuration, the switch is configured to:
 connect the first frontend to the first electromagnetic coupler, and 
 connect the second frontend to the second electromagnetic coupler; and 
 
 in the intra antenna aggregation configuration, the switch is configured to:
 connect the first and second electromagnetic couplers together, 
 connect the first electromagnetic coupler to the first frontend, and 
 connect the second electromagnetic coupler to the first frontend via the connection of the first and second electromagnetic couplers. 
 
 
     
     
       18. The antenna system of  claim 14 , wherein the switch comprises:
 a first switch configured to connect the second electromagnetic coupler to the second frontend; and 
 a second switch configured to connect the first and second electromagnetic couplers together. 
 
     
     
       19. The antenna system of  claim 18 , wherein the switch further comprises:
 a third switch configured to connect the first electromagnetic coupler to first frontend. 
 
     
     
       20. The antenna system of  claim 14 , further comprising:
 a first tuning device connected to the first radiator, the first tuning device being configured to tune the first radiator within a first frequency range; and 
 a second tuning device connected to the second radiator, the second tuning device being configured to tune the second radiator within a second frequency range different from the first frequency range.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     Field 
     Aspects described herein generally relate to antennas, including dual coupled and dual element antenna systems. 
     Related Art 
     Wireless communication environments can use multi-antenna techniques that include multiple antennas at a transmitter, receiver, and/or transceiver. The multi-antenna techniques can be grouped into three different categories: diversity, interference suppression, and spatial multiplexing. These three categories are often collectively referred to as Multiple-input Multiple-output (MIMO) communication even though not all of the multi-antenna techniques that fall within these categories require at least two antennas at both the transmitter and receiver. 
     Carrier Aggregation (CA) is a feature of a mobile communication standard, such as, Release-10 of the 3GPP LTE-Advanced standard, which allows multiple resource blocks from/to multiple respective serving cells to be logically grouped together (aggregated) and allocated to the same wireless communication device. The aggregated resource blocks are known as component carriers (CCs) in the LTE-Advanced standard. Each of the wireless communication devices may receive/transmit multiple component carriers simultaneously from/to the multiple respective serving cells, thereby effectively increasing the downlink/uplink bandwidth of the wireless communication device(s). The term “component carriers (CCs)” is used to refer to groups of resource blocks (defined in terms or frequency and/or time) of two or more RF carriers that are aggregated (logically grouped) together. 
     There are various forms of Carrier Aggregation (CA) as defined by Release-10 of the LTE-Advanced standard, including intra-band contiguous (adjacent) CA, intra-band non-contiguous (non-adjacent) CA, and inter-band CA. In intra-band contiguous CA, aggregated component carriers (CCs) are within the same frequency band and adjacent to each other forming a contiguous frequency block. In intra-band non-contiguous CA, aggregated CCs are within the same frequency band but are not adjacent to each other. In inter-band CA, aggregated CCs are in different frequency bands. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS/FIGURES 
       The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and form a part of the specification, illustrate the aspects of the present disclosure and, together with the description, further serve to explain the principles of the aspects and to enable a person skilled in the pertinent art to make and use the aspects. 
         FIG. 1A  illustrates a top view of an antenna system according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 1B  illustrates a top view of an antenna system according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 2A  illustrates a top view of the antenna system according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 2B  illustrates a bottom view of the antenna system according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates a schematic view of an antenna system according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 4A  illustrates a top front perspective view of antenna system according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 4B  illustrates a top view of antenna system according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 4C  illustrates a top view of antenna system according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 4D  illustrates a bottom view of antenna system according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 4E  illustrates a combined top view and schematic view of the antenna system according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIGS. 5A and 5B  illustrate an impedance plot of an antenna system according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIGS. 6A and 6B  illustrate an impedance plot of an antenna system according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIGS. 7A and 7B  illustrate an impedance plot of an antenna system according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 8  illustrates a method for configuring an antenna system according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     The exemplary aspects of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawing in which an element first appears is typically indicated by the leftmost digit(s) in the corresponding reference number. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the aspects of the present disclosure. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the aspects, including structures, systems, and methods, may be practiced without these specific details. The description and representation herein are the common means used by those experienced or skilled in the art to most effectively convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, and circuitry have not been described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring aspects of the disclosure. 
       FIG. 1A  illustrates a top view of an antenna system  100  according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure. The antenna system  100  can include first and second radiators  110  and  120 , and first and second electromagnetic couplers  112  and  122  in a dual coupled, dual element (DCDE) configuration. The radiators  110  and  120  can be configured to convert one or more electrical signals into electromagnetic waves, and vice versa. 
     One or more of the electromagnetic couplers  112  and  122  can be configured to connect (e.g., couple) one or more communication devices (e.g., transmitter and/or receiver) to one or more of the radiators. For example, the first electromagnetic coupler  112  can be configured connect a first radio frequency (RF) frontend to the first radiator  110 . Similarly, the second electromagnetic coupler  122  can be configured connect a second RF frontend to the second radiator  120 . In an exemplary aspect, and as discussed in more detail below, the first and second electromagnetic couplers  112  and  122  can be connected together and to one of the first and second RF frontends. In this example, the connected RF frontend can be coupled to both the first and second radiators  110  and  120 , where the first radiator  110  can have a first resonance frequency and the second radiator  120  can have a second, different resonance frequency. For the purpose of this discussion, a frontend (or RF frontend) can include processor circuitry configured to process one or more incoming and/or outgoing signals. A frontend can include, for example, a digital signal processer (DSP), modulator and/or demodulator, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and/or an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a frequency converter (including mixers, local oscillators, and filters), and/or one or more other components for processing RF, intermediate frequency (IF) and/or other signals as would be understood by those skilled in the relevant arts. 
     One or more of the electromagnetic couplers  112  and  122  can include one or more circuits having one or more active and/or passive components that are configured to match the impedance of one or more of the radiators  110  and  120 . For example, the electromagnetic couplers  112  and/or  122  can be inductive couplers that are configured to inductively couple one or more of the radiators  110  and  120  to one or more communication devices (e.g., transmitter, receiver, etc.). The electromagnetic couplers  112  and  122  are not limited to being inductive couplers and can be configured as capacitive couplers that can capacitively couple one or more of the radiators  110  and  120 . In an exemplary aspect, the antenna system  100  can be configured as a transmission antenna system, as a receiving antenna system or as both a transmitting and receiving antenna system. Further, two or more of the antenna systems  100  can be implemented within, or used by, a communication device, where, for example, one antenna system  100  is configured as a transmission antenna system and another antenna system  100  is configured as a receiving antenna system. 
     The antenna system  100  can be disposed on, for example, a printed circuit board (PCB)  105 . The PCB  105  can be formed of, for example, glass reinforced epoxy laminate (e.g., FR-4) or one or more other materials as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the relevant arts. The PCB  105  can be included in, for example, a communication device that is configured to use the antenna system  100 . For the ease of illustrating the various components deposed on the PCB  105 , portions of the PCB  105  may have been omitted in the areas of, for example, radiators  110 ,  120  and electromagnetic couplers  112 ,  122 . These omitted portions are shown in  FIGS. 2A and 2B , and is discussed in more detail below. In an exemplary aspect, the radiator  110  and electromagnetic coupler  122  are located on a first (e.g., top) side/surface of the PCB  105  and the radiator  120  and electromagnetic coupler  112  are located on a second (e.g., bottom) side/surface of the PCB  105 . As illustrated in  FIG. 1A , the electromagnetic coupler  122  can at least partially overlap the radiator  120  and electromagnetic coupler  112  in a direction substantially perpendicular to the first and second surfaces of the PCB  105 . Similarly, the radiator  110  can at least partially overlap the electromagnetic coupler  112  in the direction substantially perpendicular to the first and second surfaces of the PCB  105 . 
     In an exemplary aspect, the one or more of the radiators  110 ,  120  and/or one or more of the electromagnetic couplers  112 ,  122  can be made of one or more metals, one or more metallic compounds, and/or one or more electrically conductive or semi-conductive materials as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the relevant arts. The radiators  110 ,  120  and/or the electromagnetic couplers  112 ,  122  can include one or more active or passive components (e.g., resistors, inductors, capacitors, etc.) and/or processor circuitry. 
     In an exemplary aspect, the first radiator  110  and the second radiator  120  can be configured to be tuned independently within a predetermined frequency range to one or more resonances. For example, the first radiator  110  can be a high-band radiator tunable within a frequency range of, for example, 1710 MHz to 2690. 
     In an exemplary aspect, the frequency range of 1710 MHz to 2690 is split at, for example, 2.2 GHz. In this example, the first radiator  110  can be a high-band radiator tunable within a frequency range of, for example, 2300 MHz to 2690 MHz, but is not limited to this exemplary range. The second radiator  120  can be a mid-band radiator tunable within a frequency range of, for example, 1805 MHz to 2170 MHz, but is not limited to this exemplary range. 
     Although not illustrated in  FIG. 1A  (but discussed in detail below), the antenna system  100  can include a third radiator and corresponding electromagnetic coupler, where the third radiator is configured to be tuned independently within a predetermined frequency range to one or more resonances. For example, the third radiator can be a low-band radiator tunable within a frequency range of, for example, 700 MHz to 960 MHz, but is not limited to this exemplary range. In an exemplary aspect, the antenna system  100  can also include at least a fourth radiator configured to be tuned independently within a predetermined frequency range. For example, the fourth radiator can be configured as a broad-band antenna covering a frequency range of, for example 700 MHz to 2690 MHz, as a WLAN antenna, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) antenna, a Bluetooth antenna, and/or an antenna configured for one or more cellular protocols to provide some examples. 
     In operation, the first radiator  110  and/or the second radiator  120  can be configured to implement Carrier Aggregation (CA). CA modes can be defined in the transceiver environment, including intra-band contiguous (adjacent) CA, intra-band non-contiguous (non-adjacent) CA, and/or inter-band CA. As discussed above, in intra-band contiguous CA, aggregated component carriers (CCs) are within the same frequency band and adjacent to each other forming a contiguous frequency block. In intra-band non-contiguous CA, aggregated CCs are within the same frequency band but are not adjacent to each other. In inter-band CA, aggregated CCs are in different frequency bands. 
     Similarly, CA modes can be defined with respect to the antenna environment, including inter antenna aggregation and intra antenna aggregation. For inter antenna aggregation, an antenna can include a single aggregated channel. For example, in exemplary aspects that include low, mid and high band antennas, each of the antennas can be configured for one aggregated channel. This is similar to the CA transceiver environment modes inter-band CA and intra-band CA adjacent. 
     In intra antenna aggregation, multiple channels can be aggregated on one antenna. For example, as explained in more detail below, the electromagnetic coupler  112  and the electromagnetic coupler  122  can be coupled (e.g., connected) together and coupled to the same frontend (e.g., mid-band frontend  352  as illustrated in  FIG. 3 ) that is configured to operate on multiple channels (e.g., bands 1 &amp; 3, or bands 2 &amp; 4). In this example, the frontend is coupled to two radiators (e.g., radiators  110  and  120 ) via the two connected electromagnetic couplers. 
       FIG. 1B  illustrates a top view of an antenna system  101  according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure. The antenna system  101  is similar to the antenna system  100  and includes first and second radiators  110  and  120 , and first and second electromagnetic couplers  112  and  122 . The antenna system  101  can also include a high-band feed  116 , a mid-band feed  126 , a high-band tuning device  114 , a mid-band tuning device  124 , and a switch  130 . 
     The high-band feed  116  can be configured to connect the high-band electromagnetic coupler  112  to a corresponding high-band frontend (e.g., high-band frontend  354 ). In an exemplary aspect, the high-band feed  116  can include processor circuitry configured to perform the connection. The mid-band feed  126  can be configured to connect the mid-band electromagnetic coupler  122  to a corresponding mid-band frontend (e.g., mid-band frontend  352 ). In an exemplary aspect, the mid-band feed  126  can include processor circuitry configured to perform the connection. 
     The high-band tuning device  114  and the mid-band tuning device  124  can each include processor circuitry that is configured to tune the high-band radiator  110  and the mid-band radiator  120 , respectively. In an exemplary aspect, the high-band tuning device  114  and/or the mid-band tuning device  124  can include one or more tunable capacitors (e.g., tunable capacitors  314 ,  324 ). 
     The switch  130  can be configured to couple the high-band electromagnetic coupler  112  and the mid-band electromagnetic coupler  122  together. The switch  130  can also be configured to connect the high-band electromagnetic coupler  112  and the mid-band electromagnetic coupler  122  to the high-band feed  116  or the mid-band feed  126 . In an exemplary aspect, the switch  130  can be configured to couple the high-band electromagnetic coupler  112  and the mid-band electromagnetic coupler  122  together, and to couple the connected couplers  112  and  122  to the high-band feed  116  or the mid-band feed  126 . In this example, the other one of the feeds is decoupled from the connected couplers  112  and  122 . The switch  130  can include one or more mechanical and/or electrical (e.g., semiconductor device) switches, and/or processor circuitry that are configured to perform one or more of the various connections described herein. The operation of the switch  130  is illustrated in more detail with reference to  FIG. 3  discussed below. In an exemplary aspect, one or more internal and/or external controllers, processor circuitry, and/or one or a device (e.g., a mobile device) in which the antenna system has been implemented can be configured to control the operation of the switch  130 . 
       FIGS. 2A-2B  illustrate an antenna system  200  according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure.  FIG. 2A  illustrates a top view of the antenna system  200  and  FIG. 2B  illustrates a bottom view of the antenna system  200 . The antenna system  200  includes a high-band electromagnetic coupler  212 , a high-band radiator  210 , a mid-band electromagnetic coupler  222 , and a mid-band radiator  220 . The high-band electromagnetic coupler  212 , a high-band radiator  210 , a mid-band electromagnetic coupler  222 , and a mid-band radiator  220  can be exemplary aspects of the high-band electromagnetic coupler  112 , a high-band radiator  110 , a mid-band electromagnetic coupler  122 , and a mid-band radiator  120 , respectively, of the antenna systems  100 ,  101 . The antenna system  200  can also include one or more other antennas (radiators and corresponding couplers), including, for example antenna  240  and antenna  242 . Antenna  240  can be an antenna configured to support, for example, WLAN frequency ranges and/or low-band frequency ranges (e.g., 700 MHz to 960 MHz). Antenna  242  can be configured to support, for example, WLAN and/or GNSS frequencies. The antenna system  200  can also include one or more input/output ports, such as audio jack  244  and High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) port  246 . The HDMI port  246  can be mounted on, for example, a top surface  202  of the PCB. A speaker  248  can also be mounted on the bottom side  204  of the PCB. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates a schematic view of an antenna system  300  according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure. The antenna system  300  can be an exemplary aspect of the antenna systems  100 ,  101 , and  200 . 
     The antenna system  300  can include high-band radiator  310  and corresponding high-band electromagnetic coupler  312  and tuning device  314 , mid-band radiator  320  and corresponding mid-band electromagnetic coupler  322  and tuning device  324 , low-band radiator  340  and corresponding low-band electromagnetic coupler  342  and tuning device  344 , switch  330 , low-band frontend  350 , mid-band frontend  352 , and high-band frontend  354 . These components are similar to the corresponding components discussed above with respect to antenna systems  100 ,  101 , and  200 , and discussion of similar features and/or functions of these components have been omitted for brevity. 
     In an exemplary aspect, the low-band radiator  340  can be tunable within a frequency range of, for example, 700 MHz to 960 MHz, the mid-band radiator  320  can be tunable within a frequency range of, for example, 1805 MHz to 2170 MHz, and the high-band radiator  310  can be tunable within a frequency range of, for example, 2300 MHz to 2690 MHz. The frequency ranges are not limited to these exemplary frequency ranges as would be understood by those skilled in the relevant arts. 
     The switch  330  can include switches  331 ,  332 , and  333  that are configured to couple/connect one or more frontends to one or more electromagnetic couplers. The switch  330  can be configured to control the aggregation modes of the antenna system  300 , including configuring the system to operate in an inter antenna aggregation mode or and intra antenna aggregation mode. In an exemplary aspect, one or more internal and/or external controllers, processor circuitry, and/or one or a device (e.g., a mobile device) in which the antenna system has been implemented can be configured to control the operation of the switch  330 . For example, switch  331  can be configured to connect/disconnect the mid-band frontend  352  to/from the mid-band electromagnetic coupler  322  and/or connect/disconnect the mid-band frontend  352  to/from the high-band electromagnetic coupler  312  via switch  333 . The switch  332  can be configured to connect/disconnect the high-band frontend  354  to/from the high-band electromagnetic coupler  312 , and/or connect/disconnect the high-band frontend  354  to/from the mid-band electromagnetic coupler  322  via switch  333 . That is, the switch  333  can be configured to connect/disconnect the mid-band frontend  352  to/from the high-band electromagnetic coupler  312 , and to connect/disconnect the high-band frontend  354  to/from the mid-band electromagnetic coupler  322 . In intra antenna aggregation configurations, the switches  331 - 333  are configured such that only one of the mid-band and high-band frontends  352 ,  354  is connected to the mid-band and high-band electromagnetic couplers  322 ,  312 . Example configurations are shown below in Table 1, where “1” represents the switch is closed, and “0” represents the switch is open. S1, S2, and S3 represent different tunable states of the tuning devices  314 ,  324 ,  344 . 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Aggregation and Switch Configuration 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Tuning 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 LB 
                 MB 
                 HB 
                 Switches 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Mode 
                 344 
                 324 
                 314 
                 331 
                 332 
                 333 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 LB 
                 S1 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 MB Inter Ant. Aggregation 
                 — 
                 S1 
                 — 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                 HB Inter Ant. Aggregation 
                 — 
                 — 
                 S1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                 MB Intra Ant. Aggregation 
                 — 
                 S2 
                 S2 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
               
               
                 HB Intra Ant. Aggregation 
                 — 
                 S3 
                 S3 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     With reference to Table 1, in a mid-band intra antenna aggregation mode, switches  331  and  333  will be closed, while switch  332  will be open. In this configuration, the high-band frontend  354  will be disconnected from the high-band electromagnetic coupler  312 , and the mid-band frontend  352  will be connected to the high-band electromagnetic coupler  312  via switches  331  and  333 , and to the mid-band electromagnetic coupler  322  via switch  331 . 
     Similarly, in a high-band intra antenna aggregation mode, switches  332  and  333  will be closed, while switch  331  will be open. In this configuration, the mid-band frontend  352  will be disconnected from the mid-band electromagnetic coupler  322 , and the high-band frontend  354  will be connected to the high-band electromagnetic coupler  312  via switch  332 , and to the mid-band electromagnetic coupler  322  via switches  332  and  333 . 
       FIGS. 4A-4D  illustrate various view of an antenna system  400  according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure. The antenna system  400  is similar to the antenna systems  100 ,  101 ,  200  and/or  300 , but the high-band and mid-band coupler/radiator pairs of the antenna system  400  have been separated laterally along the PCB  405 . 
       FIG. 4A  is a top front perspective view of antenna system  400 .  FIG. 4B  is a top view of antenna system  400  with a portion  406  of the PCB  405  having been omitted.  FIG. 4C  is a top view of antenna system  400  in which the portion  406  of the PCB  405  has been included.  FIG. 4D  is a bottom view of antenna system  400  in which the portion  406  of the PCB  405  has been included. 
     The antenna system  400  includes a high-band electromagnetic coupler  412 , a high-band radiator  410 , a mid-band electromagnetic coupler  422 , and a mid-band radiator  420 . The high-band electromagnetic coupler  412 , the high-band radiator  410 , the mid-band electromagnetic coupler  422 , and the mid-band radiator  420  can be exemplary aspects of the high-band electromagnetic coupler  112 , high-band radiator  110 , mid-band electromagnetic coupler  122 , and mid-band radiator  120 , respectively, of the antenna systems  100 ,  101 . The antenna system  400  can also include one or more input/output ports, such as audio jack  444  and High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) port  446 . The HDMI port  446  can be mounted on, for example, a top surface of the PCB  405 . A speaker  448  can also be mounted on the bottom side of the PCB  405 . 
     The antenna system  400  can also include a high-band feed  416 , a mid-band feed  426 , a high-band tuning device  414 , and a mid-band tuning device  424 . The high-band feed  416  can be configured to connect the high-band electromagnetic coupler  412  to a corresponding high-band frontend (e.g., high-band frontend  454  illustrated in  FIG. 4E ). In an exemplary aspect, the high-band feed  416  can include processor circuitry configured to perform the connection. The mid-band feed  426  can be configured to connect the mid-band electromagnetic coupler  422  to a corresponding mid-band frontend (e.g., mid-band frontend  452  illustrated in  FIG. 4E ). In an exemplary aspect, the mid-band feed  416  can include processor circuitry configured to perform the connection. 
     The high-band tuning device  414  and the mid-band tuning device  424  can each include processor circuitry that is configured to tune the high-band radiator  410  and the mid-band radiator  420 , respectively. In an exemplary aspect, the high-band tuning device  414  and/or the mid-band tuning device  424  can include one or more tunable capacitors. 
     In an exemplary aspect, the mid-band radiator  420  and the high-band electromagnetic coupler  412  are located on a first (e.g., top) side/surface of the PCB  405  and the high-band radiator  410  and the mid-band electromagnetic coupler  422  are located on a second (e.g., bottom) side/surface of the PCB  105 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 4B , the mid-band radiator  420  can at least partially overlap the mid-band electromagnetic coupler  422  in a direction substantially perpendicular to the first and second surfaces of the PCB  405 . Similarly, the high-band radiator  410  can at least partially overlap the high-band electromagnetic coupler  412  in the direction substantially perpendicular to the first and second surfaces of the PCB  405 . In an exemplary aspect, the mid-band radiator  420  can completely overlap the mid-band electromagnetic coupler  422 . That is, the mid-band radiator  420  can be within the mid-band electromagnetic coupler  422 . Similarly, the high-band radiator  410  can completely overlap the high-band electromagnetic coupler  412 . That is, the high-band electromagnetic coupler  412  can be within the high-band radiator  410 . 
     Further, the mid-band radiator  420  and/or the mid-band electromagnetic coupler  422  can be spaced apart from the high-band radiator  410  and/or the high-band electromagnetic coupler  412  in a direction substantially parallel to the first and/or the second surfaces of the PCB  405 . That is, the mid-band electromagnetic coupler  422  can be spaced apart from (and not overlap) the high-band electromagnetic coupler  412 . This is different from the exemplary aspect illustrated in  FIGS. 1A and 1B  where the couplers  112  and  122  at least partially overlap. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 4B , the mid-band electromagnetic coupler  422  and the high-band electromagnetic coupler  412  are on opposite sides of the PCB  405 . Similarly, the high-band radiator  410  and the mid-band radiator  420  are on opposite sides of the PCB  405 , where the high-band radiator  410  is on the same side as the mid-band electromagnetic coupler  422  and the mid-band radiator  420  is on the same side as the high-band electromagnetic coupler  412 . However, the various radiators and couplers are not limited to this configuration, and the various radiators and couplers can be positioned on the PCB in any configuration as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the relevant arts. For example, both couplers  412  and  422  can be on same side, both radiators  410  and  420  can be on the same side, radiators  410  and  420  can be on opposite sides while the couplers  412  and  422  are on the same side, couplers  412  and  422  can be on opposite sides while the radiators  410  and  420  are on opposite sides, or the couplers  412  and  422  and the radiators  410  and  420  can all be on the same side of the PCB  405 . 
       FIG. 4E  illustrates a combined top view and schematic view of the antenna system  400 . The top view is similar to the top view illustrated in  FIG. 4B  in which the portion  406  of the PCB  405  has been omitted. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 4E , the system  400  can include a switch  430  that is configured to couple the high-band electromagnetic coupler  412  and the mid-band electromagnetic coupler  422  together. The switch  430  can also be configured to connect the high-band electromagnetic coupler  412  and the mid-band electromagnetic coupler  422  to mid-band frontend  452  or the high-band frontend  454 . In an exemplary aspect, the switch  430  can be configured to couple the high-band electromagnetic coupler  412  and the mid-band electromagnetic coupler  422  together, and to couple the connected couplers  412  and  422  to the mid-band frontend  452  or the high-band frontend  454 . In this example, the other one of the frontends is decoupled from the connected couplers  412  and  422 . The switch  430  can include one or more mechanical and/or electrical (e.g., semiconductor device) switches, and/or processor circuitry that are configured to perform one or more of the various connections described herein. 
     The switch  430  can be an exemplary aspect of the switch  330 . The switch  430  can include switches  431 ,  432 , and  433  that are configured to couple/connect one or more frontends to one or more electromagnetic couplers. The switch  430  can be configured to control the aggregation modes of the antenna system  400 , including configuring the system to operate in an inter antenna aggregation mode or and intra antenna aggregation mode. In an exemplary aspect, one or more internal and/or external controllers, processor circuitry, and/or one or a device (e.g., a mobile device) in which the antenna system has been implemented can be configured to control the operation of the switch  430 . 
     For example, switch  431  can be configured to connect/disconnect the mid-band frontend  452  to/from the mid-band electromagnetic coupler  422  and/or connect/disconnect the mid-band frontend  452  to/from the high-band electromagnetic coupler  412  via switch  433 . The switch  432  can be configured to connect/disconnect the high-band frontend  454  to/from the high-band electromagnetic coupler  412  and/or connect/disconnect the high-band frontend  454  to/from the mid-band electromagnetic coupler  422 . That is, the switch  433  can be configured to connect/disconnect the mid-band frontend  452  to/from the high-band electromagnetic coupler  412 , and to connect/disconnect the high-band frontend  454  to/from the mid-band electromagnetic coupler  422 . In intra antenna aggregation configurations, the switches  431 - 433  are configured such that only one of the mid-band and high-band frontends  452 ,  454  is connected to the mid-band and high-band electromagnetic couplers  320 ,  310 . Example configurations are shown below in Table 2, where “1” represents the switch is closed, and “0” represents the switch is open. S1, S2, and S3 represent different tunable states of the tuning devices  214 ,  224 ,  244 . The configurations illustrated in Table 2 are similar to the configurations illustrated in Table 1. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Aggregation and Switch Configuration 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Tuning 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 MB 
                 HB 
                 Switches 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Mode 
                 424 
                 414 
                 431 
                 432 
                 433 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 MB Inter Ant. Aggregation 
                 S1 
                 — 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                 HB Inter Ant. Aggregation 
                 — 
                 S1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                 MB Intra Ant. Aggregation 
                 S2 
                 S2 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
               
               
                 HB Intra Ant. Aggregation 
                 S3 
                 S3 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     With reference to Table 2, in a mid-band intra antenna aggregation mode, switches  431  and  433  will be closed, while switch  432  will be open. In this configuration, the high-band frontend  454  will be disconnected from the high-band electromagnetic coupler  412 , and the mid-band frontend  452  will be connected to the high-band electromagnetic coupler  412  via switches  431  and  433 , and to the mid-band electromagnetic coupler  422  via switch  431 . 
     Similarly, in a high-band intra antenna aggregation mode, switches  432  and  433  will be closed, while switch  431  will be open. In this configuration, the mid-band frontend  452  will be disconnected from the mid-band electromagnetic coupler  422 , and the high-band frontend  454  will be connected to the high-band electromagnetic coupler  412  via switch  432 , and to the mid-band electromagnetic coupler  422  via switches  432  and  433 . 
       FIGS. 5A and 5B  illustrate an impedance plot of an antenna system having a dual coupled, dual element (DCDE) configuration according to an exemplary aspect. The illustrated impedance plot can be an example response for one or more of the exemplary antenna systems described herein.  FIG. 5A  illustrates a response associated with a mid-band antenna at a lower end of an exemplary frequency range while  FIG. 5B  illustrates a response associated with a high-band antenna at a lower end of an exemplary frequency range of the high-band antenna. 
     Plots  502  and  512  correspond to the impedance responses of a mid-band antenna and a high-band antenna, respectively. Plots  504  and  514  correspond to the radiated efficiency of the mid-band antenna and the high-band antenna, respectively. Plots  506  and  516  correspond to the isolation between the mid-band and high-band antennas. In this example, the isolation plot  506  is with respect to the mid-band antenna and the isolation plot  516  is with respect to the high-band antenna. 
       FIGS. 6A and 6B  illustrate an impedance plot of an antenna system having a DCDE configuration according to an exemplary aspect. The illustrated impedance plot can be example responses for one or more of the exemplary antenna systems described herein.  FIG. 6A  illustrates a response associate with the mid-band antenna at a higher end of the exemplary frequency range while  FIG. 6B  illustrates a response associated with the high-band antenna at a higher end of the exemplary frequency range of the high-band antenna. 
     Plots  602  and  612  correspond to the impedance responses of a mid-band antenna and a high-band antenna, respectively. Plots  604  and  614  correspond to the radiated efficiency of the mid-band antenna and the high-band antenna, respectively. Plots  606  and  616  correspond to the isolation between the mid-band and high-band antennas. In this example, the isolation plot  606  is with respect to the mid-band antenna and the isolation plot  616  is with respect to the high-band antenna. 
       FIGS. 7A and 7B  illustrate an impedance plot of an antenna system according to an exemplary aspect. The illustrated impedances can be example responses for one or more of the exemplary antenna systems described herein. 
     The antenna system includes a DCDE arrangement that is configured for a single feed operation (i.e., intra antenna aggregation mode) of two channels in the mid-band. For example,  FIG. 7A  illustrates the aggregation of, for example, LTE bands 1 and 3 and  FIG. 7B  illustrates the aggregation of, for example, LTE bands 2 and 4. Plots  702  and  706  correspond to the impedance responses and plots  704  and  708  correspond to the radiated efficiencies. 
       FIG. 8  illustrates a method  800  for configuring an antenna system according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure. The flowchart is described with continued reference to  FIGS. 1-7B . The steps of the method are not limited to the order described below, and the various steps may be performed in a different order. Further, two or more steps of the method may be performed simultaneously with each other. 
     The method of flowchart  800  begins at step  805  and transitions to step  810 , where the operational mode of the antenna system is determined. For example, the switch of the antenna system (e.g., switch  130 ) can determine the operational mode of the antenna system based on one or more control signals received by the switch. In an exemplary aspect, one or more internal and/or external controllers, processor circuitry, and/or one or a device (e.g., a communication device, a mobile device, etc) in which the antenna system has been implemented can be configured to generate one or more control signals to control the operation of the switch. In an exemplary aspect, the switch (e.g., switch  130 ,  430 ) can include processor circuitry configured to determine the operational mode of the antenna system. In this example, the determination by the switch can be based on one or more received signals. 
     If the operational mode is determined to be an inter antenna aggregation configuration, the flowchart  800  transitions to step  815 . If the operational mode is determined to be an intra antenna aggregation configuration, the flowchart  800  transitions to step  825 . 
     At step  815 , the first frontend is connected to the first electromagnetic coupler. For example, first electromagnetic coupler (e.g.,  322 ) can be connected to a first frontend (e.g.,  352 ). The connection can be established via the switch (e.g., first switch  331  of switch  330 ). 
     After step  815 , the flowchart  800  transitions to step  820 , where the second frontend is connected to the second electromagnetic coupler. For example, second electromagnetic coupler (e.g.,  312 ) can be connected to a second frontend (e.g.,  354 ). The connection can be established via the switch (e.g., second switch  332  of switch  330 ). 
     After step  820 , the flowchart  800  transitions to step  840 , where the flowchart ends. 
     At step  825 , the first and second couplers are connected together. For example, For example, first electromagnetic coupler (e.g.,  322 ) can be connected to the second electromagnetic coupler (e.g.,  312 ). The connection can be established via the switch (e.g., third switch  333  of switch  330 ). 
     After step  825 , the flowchart  800  transitions to step  830 , where first frontend is connected to the first electromagnetic coupler. For example, first electromagnetic coupler (e.g.,  322 ) can be connected to a first frontend (e.g.,  352 ). The connection can be established via the switch (e.g., first switch  331  of switch  330 ). 
     After step  830 , the flowchart  800  transitions to step  835 , where the second electromagnetic coupler (e.g.,  312 ) is connected to the first frontend (e.g.,  352 ) via the connection of the first and second electromagnetic couplers (e.g., the connection established by the third switch  333  of switch  330 ). In this example, by connecting both the first and second couplers to the first frontend, the antenna system can be configured in a high-band intra antenna aggregation mode when the first frontend, the first coupler, and the second coupler represent a high-band electromagnet coupler (e.g.,  312 ), a high-band frontend (e.g.,  354 ), and a mid-band electromagnetic coupler (e.g.,  322 ), respectively. Similarly, the antenna system can be configured in a mid-band intra antenna aggregation mode when the first frontend, the first coupler, and the second coupler represent a mid-band electromagnet coupler (e.g.,  322 ), a mid-band frontend (e.g.,  352 ), and a high-band electromagnetic coupler (e.g.,  312 ), respectively. 
     After step  835 , the flowchart  800  transitions to step  840 , where the flowchart ends. The flowchart  800  may be repeated one or more times. If repeated, the flowchart can return to step  810 . 
     EXAMPLES 
     Example 1 is an antenna system for wireless communication, comprising: a first radiator having a first resonance frequency; a second radiator having a second resonance frequency different from the first resonance frequency; a first electromagnetic coupler associated with the first radiator and a first frontend; a second electromagnetic coupler associated with the second radiator and a second frontend; and a switch configured to: connect the first electromagnetic coupler and the second electromagnetic coupler in an inter antenna aggregation configuration in a first mode of operation; and connect the first electromagnetic coupler and the second electromagnetic coupler in an intra antenna aggregation configuration in a second mode of operation. 
     In Example 2, the subject matter of Example 1, wherein, in the inter antenna aggregation configuration, the switch is configured to: connect the first frontend to the first electromagnetic coupler, and connect the second frontend to the second electromagnetic coupler. 
     In Example 3, the subject matter of Example 1, wherein, in the intra antenna aggregation configuration, the switch is configured to: connect the first and second electromagnetic couplers together, connect the first electromagnetic coupler to the first frontend, and connect the second electromagnetic coupler to the first frontend via the connection of the first and second electromagnetic couplers. 
     In Example 4, the subject matter of Example 1, wherein: in the inter antenna aggregation configuration, the switch is configured to: connect the first frontend to the first electromagnetic coupler, and connect the second frontend to the second electromagnetic coupler; and in the intra antenna aggregation configuration, the switch is configured to: 
     connect the first and second electromagnetic couplers together, connect the first electromagnetic coupler to the first frontend, and connect the second electromagnetic coupler to the first frontend via the connection of the first and second electromagnetic couplers. 
     In Example 5, the subject matter of Example 1, wherein the switch comprises: a first switch configured to connect the second electromagnetic coupler to the second frontend; and 
     a second switch configured to connect the first and second electromagnetic couplers together. 
     In Example 6, the subject matter of Example 5, wherein the switch further comprises: a third switch configured to connect the first electromagnetic coupler to first frontend. 
     In Example 7, the subject matter of Example 1, further comprising a first tuning device connected to the first radiator, the first tuning device being configured to tune the first radiator within a first frequency range; and a second tuning device connected to the second radiator, the second tuning device being configured to tune the second radiator within a second frequency range different from the first frequency range. 
     In Example 8, the subject matter of Example 1, wherein the first radiator and the second electromagnetic coupler are disposed on a first surface of a printed circuit board (PCB), and the second radiator and the first electromagnetic coupler are disposed on a second surface of the PCB opposite the first surface of the PCB. 
     In Example 9, the subject matter of Example 8, wherein: the first electromagnetic coupler at least partially overlaps the first radiator and the second electromagnetic coupler in a direction substantially perpendicular to the first and second surfaces; and the first radiator at least partially overlaps the second electromagnetic coupler in the direction substantially perpendicular to the first and second surfaces. 
     In Example 10, the subject matter of Example 1, wherein the second radiator and the first electromagnetic coupler are disposed on a first surface of a printed circuit board (PCB), and the first radiator and the second electromagnetic coupler are disposed on a second surface of the PCB opposite the first surface of the PCB. 
     In Example 11, the subject matter of Example 10, wherein the first electromagnetic coupler and the first radiator are spaced apart from the second electromagnetic coupler and the second radiator in a direction substantially parallel to the first and the second surfaces of the PCB. 
     Example 12 is an antenna system for wireless communication, comprising: a first frontend associated with a first frequency range; a second frontend associated with a second frequency range different from the first frequency range; a first radiator having a first resonance frequency; a second radiator having a second resonance frequency different from the first resonance frequency; and a switch configured to: in a first mode of operation, connect the first and second radiators to the first frontend, and disconnect the first and second radiators from the second frontend; and in a second mode of operation, connect the first radiator to the first frontend and disconnect the first radiator from the second frontend, and connect the second radiator to the second frontend and disconnect the second radiator from the first frontend. 
     In Example 13, the subject matter of Example 12, further comprising: a first electromagnetic coupler configured to couple with the first radiator; and a second electromagnetic coupler configured to couple with the second radiator. 
     In Example 14, the subject matter of Example 12, wherein the switch comprises: a first switch configured to connect the first radiator to the first frontend; a second switch configured to connect the second radiator to the second frontend; and a third switch configured to connect the first and second radiators together and to a same one of the first and second frontends. 
     In Example 15, the subject matter of Example 12, further comprising: a first tuning device connected to the first radiator, the first tuning device being configured to tune the first radiator within the first frequency range; and a second tuning device connected to the second radiator, the second tuning device being configured to tune the second radiator within the second frequency range different from the first frequency range. 
     In Example 16, the subject matter of Example 12, wherein the first radiator and the first electromagnetic coupler are disposed on a first surface of a printed circuit board (PCB), and the second radiator and the second electromagnetic coupler are disposed on a second surface of the PCB opposite the first surface of the PCB. 
     In Example 17, the subject matter of Example 16, wherein: the first electromagnetic coupler at least partially overlaps the second radiator and the second electromagnetic coupler in a direction substantially perpendicular to the first and second surfaces; and the first radiator at least partially overlaps the second electromagnetic coupler in the direction substantially perpendicular to the first and second surfaces. 
     In Example 18, the subject matter of Example 12, wherein the second radiator and the first electromagnetic coupler are disposed on a first surface of a printed circuit board (PCB), and the first radiator and the second electromagnetic coupler are disposed on a second surface of the PCB opposite the first surface of the PCB. 
     In Example 19, the subject matter of Example 18, wherein the first electromagnetic coupler and the first radiator are spaced apart from the second electromagnetic coupler and the second radiator in a direction substantially parallel to the first and the second surfaces of the PCB. 
     Example 20 is a method for configuring an antenna system including first and second electromagnetic couplers, first and second radiators, and first and second frontends, the method comprising: determining an operational mode of the antenna system; in a first mode of operation: connecting the first frontend to the first electromagnetic coupler, and 
     connecting the second frontend to the second electromagnetic coupler; and in a second mode of operation: connecting the first and second electromagnetic couplers together, connecting the first electromagnetic coupler to the first frontend, and connecting the second electromagnetic coupler to the first frontend via the connection of the first and second electromagnetic couplers. 
     In Example 21, the subject matter of Example 20, wherein the first mode of operation is an inter antenna aggregation configuration, and the second mode of operation is an intra antenna aggregation configuration. 
     In Example 2, the subject matter of any of Examples 1 and 2, wherein, in the intra antenna aggregation configuration, the switch is configured to: connect the first and second electromagnetic couplers together, connect the first electromagnetic coupler to the first frontend, and connect the second electromagnetic coupler to the first frontend via the connection of the first and second electromagnetic couplers. 
     In Example 23, the subject matter of any of Example 1-4, wherein the switch comprises: a first switch configured to connect the second electromagnetic coupler to the second frontend; and a second switch configured to connect the first and second electromagnetic couplers together. 
     In Example 24, the subject matter of Example 23, wherein the switch further comprises: a third switch configured to connect the first electromagnetic coupler to first frontend. 
     In Example 25, the subject matter of any of Examples 1-6, further comprising: a first tuning device connected to the first radiator, the first tuning device being configured to tune the first radiator within a first frequency range; and a second tuning device connected to the second radiator, the second tuning device being configured to tune the second radiator within a second frequency range different from the first frequency range. 
     In Example 26, the subject matter of any of Examples 1-7, wherein the first radiator and the second electromagnetic coupler are disposed on a first surface of a printed circuit board (PCB), and the second radiator and the first electromagnetic coupler are disposed on a second surface of the PCB opposite the first surface of the PCB. 
     In Example 27, the subject matter of Example 26, wherein: the first electromagnetic coupler at least partially overlaps the first radiator and the second electromagnetic coupler in a direction substantially perpendicular to the first and second surfaces; and the first radiator at least partially overlaps the second electromagnetic coupler in the direction substantially perpendicular to the first and second surfaces. 
     In Example 28, the subject matter of any of Examples 1-9, wherein the second radiator and the first electromagnetic coupler are disposed on a first surface of a printed circuit board (PCB), and the first radiator and the second electromagnetic coupler are disposed on a second surface of the PCB opposite the first surface of the PCB. 
     In Example 29, the subject matter of Example 28, wherein the first electromagnetic coupler and the first radiator are spaced apart from the second electromagnetic coupler and the second radiator in a direction substantially parallel to the first and the second surfaces of the PCB. 
     Example 30 is an antenna system for wireless communication, comprising: a first radiator means having a first resonance frequency; a second radiator means having a second resonance frequency different from the first resonance frequency; a first electromagnetic coupling means associated with the first radiator and a first frontend; a second electromagnetic coupling means associated with the second radiator and a second frontend; and a switching means for: connecting the first electromagnetic coupler and the second electromagnetic coupler in an inter antenna aggregation configuration in a first mode of operation; and connecting the first electromagnetic coupler and the second electromagnetic coupler in an intra antenna aggregation configuration in a second mode of operation. 
     In Example 31, the subject matter of Example 30, wherein, in the intra antenna aggregation configuration, the switching means: connects the first and second electromagnetic couplers together, connects the first electromagnetic coupler to the first frontend, and connects the second electromagnetic coupler to the first frontend via the connection of the first and second electromagnetic couplers. 
     In Example 32, the subject matter of any of Examples 30 and 31, wherein, in the inter antenna aggregation configuration, the switching means: connects the first frontend to the first electromagnetic coupler, and connects the second frontend to the second electromagnetic coupler. 
     In Example 33, the subject matter of Example 30, wherein the switching means comprises: a first switch configured to connect the second electromagnetic coupler to the second frontend; and a second switch configured to connect the first and second electromagnetic couplers together. 
     In Example 34, the subject matter of Example 33, wherein the switching means further comprises: a third switch configured to connect the first electromagnetic coupler to first frontend. 
     In Example 35, the subject matter of any of Examples 30, 31, 33, and 34, further comprising: a first tuning means connected to the first radiating means, the first tuning means for tuning the first radiating means within a first frequency range; and a second tuning means connected to the second radiating means, the second tuning means for tuning the second radiating means within a second frequency range different from the first frequency range. 
     In Example 36, the subject matter of any of Examples 30, 31, 33, and 34, wherein the first radiating means and the second electromagnetic coupling means are disposed on a first surface of a printed circuit board (PCB), and the second radiating means and the first electromagnetic coupling means are disposed on a second surface of the PCB opposite the first surface of the PCB. 
     In Example 37, the subject matter of Example 36, wherein: the first electromagnetic coupling means at least partially overlaps the first radiating means and the second electromagnetic coupling means in a direction substantially perpendicular to the first and second surfaces; and the first radiating means at least partially overlaps the second electromagnetic coupling means in the direction substantially perpendicular to the first and second surfaces. 
     In Example 38, the subject matter of any of Examples 30, 31, 33, and 34, wherein the second radiating means and the first electromagnetic coupling means are disposed on a first surface of a printed circuit board (PCB), and the first radiating means and the second electromagnetic coupling means are disposed on a second surface of the PCB opposite the first surface of the PCB. 
     In Example 39, the subject matter of Example 38, wherein the first electromagnetic coupling means and the first radiating means are spaced apart from the second electromagnetic coupling means and the second radiating means in a direction substantially parallel to the first and the second surfaces of the PCB. 
     Example 40 is an apparatus comprising means to perform the method as claimed in any of Examples 20-21. 
     Example 41 is a machine-readable storage including machine-readable instructions, when executed, implements a method or realizes an apparatus as set forth in any of Examples 1-21. 
     Example 42 is an apparatus substantially as shown and described. 
     CONCLUSION 
     The aforementioned description of the specific aspects will so fully reveal the general nature of the disclosure that others can, by applying knowledge within the skill of the art, readily modify and/or adapt for various applications such specific aspects, without undue experimentation, and without departing from the general concept of the present disclosure. Therefore, such adaptations and modifications are intended to be within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed aspects, based on the teaching and guidance presented herein. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation, such that the terminology or phraseology of the present specification is to be interpreted by the skilled artisan in light of the teachings and guidance. 
     References in the specification to “one aspect,” “an aspect,” “an exemplary aspect,” etc., indicate that the aspect described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but every aspect may not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same aspect. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an aspect, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other aspects whether or not explicitly described. 
     The exemplary aspects described herein are provided for illustrative purposes, and are not limiting. Other exemplary aspects are possible, and modifications may be made to the exemplary aspects. Therefore, the specification is not meant to limit the disclosure. Rather, the scope of the disclosure is defined only in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents. 
     Aspects may be implemented in hardware (e.g., circuits), firmware, software, or any combination thereof. Aspects may also be implemented as instructions stored on a machine-readable medium, which may be read and executed by one or more processors. A machine-readable medium may include any mechanism for storing or transmitting information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computing device). For example, a machine-readable medium may include read only memory (ROM); random access memory (RAM); magnetic disk storage media; optical storage media; flash memory devices; electrical, optical, acoustical or other forms of propagated signals (e.g., carrier waves, infrared signals, digital signals, etc.), and others. Further, firmware, software, routines, instructions may be described herein as performing certain actions. However, it should be appreciated that such descriptions are merely for convenience and that such actions in fact results from computing devices, processors, controllers, or other devices executing the firmware, software, routines, instructions, etc. Further, any of the implementation variations may be carried out by a general purpose computer. 
     For the purposes of this discussion, the term “processor circuitry” shall be understood to be circuit(s), processor(s), logic, or a combination thereof. For example, a circuit can include an analog circuit, a digital circuit, state machine logic, other structural electronic hardware, or a combination thereof. A processor can include a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), or other hardware processor. The processor can be “hard-coded” with instructions to perform corresponding function(s) according to aspects described herein. Alternatively, the processor can access an internal and/or external memory to retrieve instructions stored in the memory, which when executed by the processor, perform the corresponding function(s) associated with the processor, and/or one or more functions and/or operations related to the operation of a component having the processor included therein. 
     In one or more of the exemplary aspects described herein, processor circuitry can include memory that stores data and/or instructions. The memory can be any well-known volatile and/or non-volatile memory, including, for example, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), flash memory, a magnetic storage media, an optical disc, erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), and programmable read only memory (PROM). The memory can be non-removable, removable, or a combination of both. 
     The term “module” shall be understood to include one of software, firmware, hardware (such as circuits, microchips, processors, or devices, or any combination thereof), or any combination thereof. In addition, it will be understood that each module can include one or more components within an actual device, and each component that forms a part of the described module can function either cooperatively or independently of any other component forming a part of the module. Conversely, multiple modules described herein can represent a single component within an actual device. Further, components within a module can be in a single device or distributed among multiple devices in a wired or wireless manner. 
     One or more of the exemplary aspects described herein can be implemented using one or more wireless communications conforming to one or more communication standards/protocols, including (but not limited to), Long-Term Evolution (LTE), Evolved High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA+), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA), CDMA2000, Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), and/or Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) (IEEE 802.16), to one or more non-cellular communication standards, including (but not limited to) WLAN (IEEE 802.11), Bluetooth, Near-field Communication (NFC) (ISO/IEC 18092), ZigBee (IEEE 802.15.4), Radio-frequency identification (RFID), and/or to one or more well-known navigational system protocols, including the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), the Russian Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), the European Union Galileo positioning system (GALILEO), the Japanese Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), the Chinese BeiDou navigation system, and/or the Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS) to provide some examples. These various standards and/or protocols are each incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20150925
Publication Date: 20200218
Grant Date: 20200218
Priority Date: 20150925
Inventors: SVENDSEN, SIMON
JAGIELSKI, OLE
BAHRAMZY, PEVAND
HAUSAGER, Finn
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H01Q9/0442", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q5/20", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q5/328", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q9/0442", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q9/42", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/243", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q21/28", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/38", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/50", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q9/0442", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/38", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q5/20", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/50", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 58387336