PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-8976527-B2
Application Number: US-201213631973-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Force and heat spreading PCB for LCD protection and interconnection

Abstract:
The described embodiment relates generally to the manufacture of display assemblies. More particularly the use of alternative back plates for a display assembly is discussed. By using a printed circuit board (PCB) in lieu of a metal backer heat can be evenly spread across the backer by applying a layer of copper configured to normalize a spread of heat across the printed circuit board. The configuration of the copper layer can be configured based on a tested or simulated heat map that accounts for proximate heat producing elements. The PCB can also advantageously act as an interconnection layer between other electrical components disposed within the electronic device.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An electronic device, comprising:
 a device housing; 
 a display panel; and 
 an integrated support member substantially parallel to the display panel, the integrated support member comprising:
 a glass reinforced epoxy laminate substrate, 
 a plurality of electrical components surface mounted to a first surface of the glass reinforced epoxy laminate substrate, 
 a plurality of metallic fingers configured to dissipate heat across the first surface of the glass reinforced epoxy laminate substrate and away from the plurality of electrical components, and 
 an electrically conductive trace configured to transmit electrical signals across the first surface of the glass reinforced epoxy laminate substrate, 
 
 wherein the plurality of metallic fingers and the electrically conductive trace are coplanar. 
 
     
     
       2. The electronic device as recited in  claim 1 , wherein the plurality of metallic fingers are formed from copper, and the electrically conductive trace is also formed from copper. 
     
     
       3. The electronic device as recited in  claim 2 , wherein the plurality of surface mounted electrical components comprises a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs). 
     
     
       4. The electronic device as recited in  claim 3 , wherein the plurality of copper comprises a grid pattern, the grid pattern occupying more surface area across surface portions of the glass reinforced epoxy laminate substrate that are subject to relatively higher levels of heat loading. 
     
     
       5. The electronic device as recited in  claim 3 , further comprising:
 a first electrical component mounted to a second surface of the glass reinforced epoxy laminate substrate; and 
 a flexible circuit electrically coupling the first electrical component to a second electrical component arranged on another printed circuit board disposed on a bottom inner surface of the device housing. 
 
     
     
       6. The electronic device as recited in  claim 1 , wherein the electrically conductive trace electrically couples at least one of the plurality of electrical components to an external ground by a plurality of grounding fingers when an external cable is in electrical communication with the electronic device. 
     
     
       7. A laminated support member configured to support a display panel, the laminated support member comprising:
 a grid of metallic material arranged in a pattern configured to normalize a distribution of heat across the laminated support layer; and 
 a plurality of electrical traces, 
 wherein the grid of metallic material and the plurality of electrical traces are coplanar. 
 
     
     
       8. The laminated support member as recited in  claim 7 , wherein the grid of metallic material covers portions of the laminated support member that are subject to relatively higher levels of heat loading than other portions of the laminated support member. 
     
     
       9. The laminated support member as recited in  claim 7 , wherein the laminated support member is configured to dissipate a point load created by an interior device component. 
     
     
       10. The laminated support member as recited in  claim 7 , wherein the plurality of electrical traces are configured to electrically couple electrical components disposed on the laminated support member. 
     
     
       11. The laminated support member as recited in  claim 10 , further comprising:
 a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) surface mounted proximate to a first edge of the laminated support member, 
 wherein the plurality of electrical traces electrically couple the plurality of LEDs. 
 
     
     
       12. The laminated support member as recited in  claim 11 , wherein the laminated support member is mechanically coupled to the display panel. 
     
     
       13. The laminated support member as recited in  claim 12 , wherein the grid of metallic material and the plurality of electrical traces are formed on the laminated support member by etching away portions of a single layer of copper. 
     
     
       14. A laminated support member configured to support a display assembly, the laminated support member comprising:
 a metallic finger disposed on a first surface of the laminated support member and configured to normalize a distribution of heat across the laminated support layer; and 
 an electrical trace disposed on the first surface of the laminated support member and configured to transmit communications across the first surface of the laminated support member. 
 
     
     
       15. The laminated support member as recited in  claim 14 , further comprising:
 a plurality of electrical components coupled to the first surface of the laminated support member. 
 
     
     
       16. The laminated support member as recited in  claim 15 , wherein the metallic finger and electrical trace are formed on the first surface of the laminated support member by etching away portions of a single layer of copper. 
     
     
       17. The laminated support member as recited in  claim 16 , wherein the plurality of electrical components comprises a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs). 
     
     
       18. The laminated support member as recited in  claim 15 , wherein the metallic finger comprises a tapered copper grid pattern. 
     
     
       19. The laminated support member as recited in  claim 15 , wherein the metallic finger has a substantially triangular geometry, and wherein a first side of the metallic finger is positioned proximate the plurality of electrical components. 
     
     
       20. The laminated support member as recited in  claim 15 , further comprising:
 a metallic ellipse disposed on the first surface of the laminated support member and in thermally conductive contact with the metallic finger.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     1. Technical Field 
     The described embodiment relates generally to the manufacture of display assemblies. More particularly the use of alternative back plates for a display assembly is discussed. 
     2. Related Art 
     Conventional display assemblies include back plates to protect fragile circuitry within the display assembly. Back plates are often constructed from steel alloys which tend to perform relatively poorly at distributing heat. As a result when heat emanating from heat emitting members is distributed unevenly across the display assembly hot spots can develop. In some cases these hot spots can cause damage to the display assembly due to overheating. Such hot spots can also reduce the overall operating performance of an associated electronic device when compared with an electronic device having a display assembly with a more evenly spread heat profile. Aluminum backing plates can allow for more even heat distribution of the heat since the thermal conductivity of aluminum is significantly higher than steel alloys. However, uneven heating can still develop and cause destructive heating of heat sensitive portions of the LCD due to uneven heating of the display assembly. 
     Thus what is desired is a display assembly back plate configured to spread heat evenly across a display assembly. 
     SUMMARY 
     This paper describes many embodiments that relate to a system, method and apparatus for enabling precise material removal as part of a finishing process. 
     In a first embodiment an electronic device is disclosed. The electronic device includes at least the following: (1) a device housing; (2) a display panel; (3) an integrated support member substantially parallel to both a first inner surface of the device housing and the display panel, and (4) a number of mounting attachments configured to mechanically couple the integrated support panel to the device housing. The integrated support member includes at least the following: a glass reinforced epoxy laminate substrate; a plurality of electrical components surface mounted to a first surface of the glass reinforced epoxy laminate substrate; a first layer of copper configured to dissipate heat across the first surface of the glass reinforced epoxy laminate substrate; and a second layer of copper configured to transmit electrical signals across the first surface of the glass reinforced epoxy laminate substrate. The first and second layer of copper are coplanar. 
     In another embodiment a laminated support member is disclosed. The laminated support member is configured to support a display panel. The laminated support member includes at least the following: at least one heat transfer layer, configured to normalize a distribution of heat across the laminated support layer; and at least one signal transfer layer. The at least one signal transfer layer and the at least one heat transfer layer are coplanar. 
     In yet another embodiment a method for manufacturing a display assembly is disclosed. The method includes at least the following steps: (1) forming a first pattern of copper on a printed circuit board (PCB) substrate; (2) surface mounting a plurality of LEDs to the PCB substrate; (3) mechanically coupling the PCB substrate to an inner surface of a device housing; (4) mechanically coupling the display assembly to the PCB substrate; and (5) electrically grounding the PCB substrate to the device housing. The first pattern of copper is formed in accordance with a preceding heat mapping of a representative display assembly. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The embodiments will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like structural elements, and in which: 
         FIG. 1  shows a partial cross-sectional side view of an electronic device; 
         FIG. 2A  shows a perspective view of a PCB backer with copper fingers for normalizing heat across the PCB backer; 
         FIG. 2B  shows a close up view of an edge portion of a copper finger; 
         FIG. 3  shows an alternative embodiment of a PCB backer; 
         FIG. 4  shows an alternative embodiment in which components arranged on PCB backer  112  are grounded through an external connector; 
         FIG. 5  shows a heat map for a PCB backer portion of a display assembly without copper fingers for even distribution of heat; 
         FIG. 6  shows a block diagram representing a method for manufacture and assembly of an electronic device; and 
         FIG. 7  shows an electronic device suitable for use in a computer aided manufacturing process. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SELECTED EMBODIMENTS 
     The described embodiments relate generally to the described embodiment relates generally to the manufacture of display assemblies. More particularly the use of alternative back plates for a display assembly is discussed. 
     In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without some or all of these specific details. In other instances, well known process steps have not been described in detail in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention. 
     Manufacturing processes for producing consumer electronic devices often involve display technology. Electronic displays are often deployed as a display assembly with an integrated metal back plate for protecting fragile components within the display assembly such as light guide pathways and display films. Unfortunately, metal back plates can do a poor job of conducting heat, resulting in the development of hot spots across a back portion of a display assembly. These hot spots can result in an overall reduction in device performance since thermal levels of the hot spots are regulated to prevent damage to individual components within the device. By evenly spreading heat across a back plate a larger amount of heat can be generated without doing damage to components within the electronic device. 
     In one embodiment a printed circuit board (PCB) backer can be used in lieu of a metal back plate for a display assembly. Such a configuration provides a number of advantages, allowing the PCB backer to be used for structural support, thermal protection, and electrical routing. In this embodiment the display assembly can have a number of light emitting diodes (LEDs) which light the display assembly. The PCB backer can be made of a material such as FR4 which is a glass reinforced epoxy laminate. The concentration of LEDs on one side of the display assembly can cause significant heat buildup on one side of the display assembly. A heat map can be produced by taking heat measurements across the display assembly to determine amounts of heat being generated by components within the display assembly, and in some embodiments by components arranged proximate to the display assembly when the display assembly is inside the electronic device. The PCB can include a number of copper traces arranged into fingers. In one embodiment as the fingers stretch farther away from the LEDs the copper fingers get thinner as the heat dissipates. The copper fingers can be arranged on either a lower surface of the PCB an upper surface of the PCB or even both surfaces in some embodiments. Since copper has much better thermal conductivity than both steel and aluminum, thermal energy can be distributed much more efficiently. Furthermore, since the copper traces can be etched in any location along the PCB substrate, the fingers can be optimized to spread heat evenly for a given heat loading condition. In some embodiments, in addition to the copper fingers ellipses or other geometric shapes can be arranged along the surface of the PCB to dissipate heat from other heat emitting devices such as for example an integrated circuit located below the display assembly. 
     In addition to evenly spreading heat across the electronic device the PCB substrate and copper are rigid enough to prevent other electronic components from inadvertently piercing fragile components within the display assembly. Where a point load comes into contact with the PCB, the PCB can spread the point load along a wider area of the PCB and prevent damage to the display assembly. Another added advantage of this embodiment is that the LED array can be surface mounted to the PCB substrate, as opposed to mounting it on a separate flex circuit. In addition to spreading heat evenly the PCB substrate can also have electrical traces for electrical components attached to the PCB substrate such as for example the LEDs. By drilling vias through the PCB components can be in communication between upper and lower surfaces of the PCB. Furthermore, where a logic board or another circuit board is arranged underneath the PCB a flex circuit can be used to route signals from the PCB substrate to the other circuit board. Since this connection can be made substantially anywhere across the surface of the PCB backer the flex connector can be short extending down to another connector to couple electrical signals between the electrical traces disposed on the PCB substrate and the other circuit board. 
     These and other embodiments are discussed below with reference to  FIGS. 1-7 ; however, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the detailed description given herein with respect to these figures is for explanatory purposes only and should not be construed as limiting. 
       FIG. 1  shows a partial cross-sectional side view of an electronic device  100 . Electronic device  100  includes housing  102 . Housing  102  can be made from any suitable rigid material to support components within electronic device. In one embodiment housing  102  can be made of aluminum. Within housing  102  is a display assembly. The display assembly includes a number of sub-components. Coverglass  104  provides protection for display assembly components and an aesthetically pleasing surface through which a user can control the device. In one embodiment device control can be had through a touch sensor embedded (not shown) arranged underneath the coverglass allowing user manipulation of software running on electronic device  100 . Beneath coverglass  104  are fragile display films  106  configured to display at least a user interface. Display films  106  can include for example polarizing films and color filter layers. LED  108  is one of a number of LEDs arranged on one side of the display assembly. LED  108  is configured to emit light along light guide paths (LGPs)  110 . LGPs  110  direct light along a lower surface of the display assembly in such a way so that LEDs  108  arranged on one side of the display assembly can evenly illuminate the display. In this embodiment LED  108  can be surface mounted to PCB backer  112 , alternatively a separate flex can be used to electrically couple LED  108  to PCB backer  112 . By directly mounting LED  108  to PCB backer  112  vertical space savings can be accomplished. 
     Copper  114  can be disposed on a lower surface of PCB backer  112  as shown or can be on an upper surface of PCB backer  112 . Copper  114  can be configured in a series of fingers extending away from heat emitting LED  108 . In this way heat can be efficiently dispersed across PCB backer  112  by copper  114 . Boss  116  can be configured on an inner surface of housing  102 . Boss  116  can support PCB backer  112  which can in turn provide support for the entire display assembly. In this configuration PCB backer  112  can act as a midplate for electronic device  100 . Alternatively the display assembly can be supported by a bracket soldered onto an inner surface of housing  102 . In some cases PCB backer  112  can act as structural support for electronic device  100 . Other device components  118  can be arranged on a lower inner surface of housing  102 . In some cases a portion of one of device components  118  can come into contact with a lower surface of PCB backer  112 . In such a case PCB backer  112  can plastically deform around the point load, thereby spreading stress from the point load across the lower surface and preventing the contact from damaging the display assembly as illustrated. Device components  118  can be put in electrical contact with electrical components arranged on PCB backer  112 . In one embodiment component  120  can be surface mounted to a lower surface of PCB backer  112 . Component  120  can then be put into electrical contact with device components  118  by flex circuit  122 . Component  120  can also be in electrical contact with PCB backer  112  through surface mounting contacts on PCB backer  112 . In another embodiment a flex circuit can extend directly from a connector located on PCB backer  112  to a one of device components  118  to enable electrical signals to pass between PCB backer  112  and device components  118 , which can be arranged on another circuit board such as for example a main logic board. 
       FIG. 2A  illustrates a perspective view of PCB backer  112  with a number of copper fingers  114  configured to normalize heat across PCB backer  112 . Copper fingers are illustrated with an overall triangular pattern made up of an internal grid of copper. Copper fingers can narrow as they reach a side opposite LED Assembly  202  when LEDs  108  are a primary source of heat in the display assembly. Copper fingers  114  are configured to narrow as heat is dissipated across PCB backer  112  resulting in an amount of heat commensurate with an amount of area associated with the side opposite LEDs  108  to be thermally conducted to that side of PCB backer  112 . As discussed earlier electrical traces  204  can also be disposed on PCB backer  112  allowing communications to be routed across PCB backer  112 , in this embodiment from LED array  202  to LED array connector  206 . Signals from a main logic board located below PCB backer  112  can in this way be routed through LED array connector  206  instead of below LED assembly  202  where there may or may not be room in the electronic device for such components. In this way cable routing and component placement can be substantially simplified. In some embodiments LED array connector  206  can also be connected to components  208  also mounted to PCB backer  112 . Components  208  can in some embodiments be display designed to assist in processing graphics displayed on the display assembly. In one embodiment component  208  can be configured to modulate intensity of LED assembly  202 . 
       FIG. 2B  shows a close up view of an edge portion of one of copper fingers  114 . A substantial portion of copper finger  114  can be configured in a grid pattern as illustrated. In some embodiments other patterns can be desirable, while in other embodiments copper fingers  114  can be a solid layer. In this illustrated embodiment edge portions of copper fingers  114  can have dissipation pathways to gradually spread heat from copper fingers  114 . In this embodiment a series of heat dissipation discs  210  can be connected by copper traces such that density of the copper trails off slowly rather than immediately. In other embodiments this can be accomplished by increasing spacing between individual grid segments near edge portions of copper fingers  114 . Dissipation discs  210  can also be useful for even dissipation of heat to portions of PCB backer  112  that do not have etched copper. In some embodiments a series of dissipation disks  210  can be connected to smaller dissipation discs  210  as heat travels farther from copper fingers  114 . As copper finger extends farther from a main heat emitting source, dissipation disc  212  in particular can be spaced farther apart from neighboring dissipation discs due to smaller amounts of heat running across narrower portions of copper fingers  114 . 
       FIG. 3  shows an alternative embodiment of PCB backer  112 . In this embodiment other heat emitting sources are compensated for by a different configuration of copper on PCB backer  112 . In the illustrated embodiment PCB backer  112  can be subject to other heat sources than LEDs  108  such as for example a central processing unit (CPU). When the CPU is located below PCB backer  112  a significant amount of heat can be radiated from the CPU to PCB backer  112 . In such a case copper disc  302  can be disposed on PCB backer  112  thereby helping to dissipate heat in that particular portion of PCB backer  112 . Copper disc  302  can include copper fingers  304  to further help direct heat to a portion of PCB backer that may not be receiving an even amount of heat. In other embodiments copper disc  302  can have copper fingers  304  evenly spaced around its periphery. Also illustrated is copper disc  306 . In some embodiments another heat emitting member can be located proximate to PCB backer  112 , in some cases this can be a graphics processing unit (GPU) separate from the CPU. Copper disc  306  can be smaller than copper disc  302  when a smaller amount of heat requires dissipation in the area it is disposed on. 
       FIG. 4  shows an alternative embodiment in which components arranged on PCB backer  112  are grounded through an external connector. An electronic device  100  inside which PCB backer  112  is arranged in can have a housing with an opening for a cable  402 . Cable  402  can be configured to charge electronic device  100  or transfer data in and out of electronic device  100 . In this embodiment PCB backer  112  can have electrical traces  404  connecting at least one component, in the illustrated case LED array  202  to grounding fingers  406 . Grounding fingers  406  are configured to contact a metal portion of cable  402  enabling grounding of components disposed on PCB backer  112  to cable  402 . 
       FIG. 5  shows a heat map  500  for a PCB backer  112  portion of a display assembly without copper fingers for evenly distributing heat. The illustrated embodiment shows heat emanating from a first heat source beneath portion  502  of PCB backer  112 . Portion  502  has a comparatively high amount of heat with respect to remaining portions of PCB backer  112 . Consequently, thermal parameters associated with such a device would need to keep portion  502  of PCB backer  112  within thermal parameters. Portion  504  has an elevated temperature as a result of heat emanating from LED assembly  202 , while portion  506  has a comparably low temperature, being arranged farthest from heat emitting components associated with or proximate to the display assembly. Finally portion  508  of heat map  500  can be lower than portion  504  and hotter than portion  506 . Heat map  500  can be used for designing electrical fingers across a production PCB backer, which can then be used to normalize a heat profile across PCB backer  112 , thereby maximizing an amount of heat that can be absorbed by PCB backer  112 . It should be noted that other methods of heat loading analysis are possible. For example measuring temperatures at different points of a surface of existing systems can provide a general temperature loading data. Alternatively, computer simulations can be used to help design the copper patterns described above. 
       FIG. 6  shows a block diagram representing a method  600  for manufacture and assembly of an electronic device. In a first step  602  a heat mapping analysis is done of an electronic device inside of which a display assembly is installed. In step  604  based on the heat mapping analysis a pattern of copper is formed on a PCB substrate. The copper pattern can be configured to have greater surface area towards portions of the PCB substrate that the heat mapping analysis shows have higher heat distribution. In addition to depositing copper for heat distribution purposes, copper can also be in the form of electrical traces for electrically coupling electrical components mounted to the PCB substrate. At step  606  a plurality of LEDs are surface mounted to at least one side of the PCB substrate. The surface mounted LEDs can be in electrical contact with one another based on electrical traces arranged on the PCB substrate. At step  608  the PCB substrate can be mechanically coupled to the display assembly. In another embodiment the PCB substrate can be inserted directly into a device housing of the electronic device and coupled to mounting points disposed across an inner surface portion of the device housing. In such a case at least a series of LEDs can be pre-attached to the PCB substrate prior to installation of the PCB substrate in the device housing. At step  610  the PCB substrate is installed into the enclosure with the attached display assembly. In the alternate embodiment the display assembly is mechanically coupled to the PCB substrate. In both cases the PCB substrate can substantially support the display assembly and provide it with mechanical and thermal protection from other components within the device housing. Finally, in step  612  the PCB substrate can be electrically connected to other electrical components within the device housing and/or electrically grounded to at least the device housing through at least the PCB substrate attachment points. Electrical traces disposed on the PCB substrate can couple any additional electrical components arranged on the PCB substrate. In some embodiments PCB substrate and its attached components can be externally grounded by a cable attached to an opening in the device housing. It should be noted that in some embodiments process  600  can be performed by a computer numerical control system. 
       FIG. 7  is a block diagram of electronic device  700  suitable for use during a computer aided manufacturing process. Electronic device  700  illustrates circuitry of a representative computing device. Electronic device  700  includes a processor  702  that pertains to a microprocessor or controller for controlling the overall operation of electronic device  700 . Electronic device  700  contains instruction data pertaining to manufacturing instructions in a file system  704  and a cache  706 . The file system  704  is, typically, a storage disk or a plurality of disks. The file system  704  typically provides high capacity storage capability for the electronic device  700 . However, since the access time to the file system  704  is relatively slow, the electronic device  700  can also include a cache  706 . The cache  706  is, for example, Random-Access Memory (RAM) provided by semiconductor memory. The relative access time to the cache  706  is substantially shorter than for the file system  704 . However, the cache  706  does not have the large storage capacity of the file system  704 . Further, the file system  704 , when active, consumes more power than does the cache  706 . The power consumption is often a concern when the electronic device  700  is a portable device that is powered by a battery  724 . The electronic device  700  can also include a RAM  720  and a Read-Only Memory (ROM)  722 . The ROM  722  can store programs, utilities or processes to be executed in a non-volatile manner. The RAM  720  provides volatile data storage, such as for cache  706 . 
     The electronic device  700  also includes a user input device  708  that allows a user of the electronic device  700  to interact with the electronic device  700 . For example, the user input device  708  can take a variety of forms, such as a button, keypad, dial, touch screen, audio input interface, visual/image capture input interface, input in the form of sensor data, etc. Still further, the electronic device  700  includes a display  710  (screen display) that can be controlled by the processor  702  to display information to the user. A data bus  716  can facilitate data transfer between at least the file system  704 , the cache  706 , the processor  702 , and a CODEC  713 . The CODEC  713  can be used to decode and play a plurality of media items from file system  704  that can correspond to certain activities taking place during a particular manufacturing process. The processor  702 , upon a certain manufacturing event occurring, supplies the media data (e.g., audio file) for the particular media item to a coder/decoder (CODEC)  713 . The CODEC  713  then produces analog output signals for a speaker  714 . The speaker  714  can be a speaker internal to the electronic device  700  or external to the electronic device  700 . For example, headphones or earphones that connect to the electronic device  700  would be considered an external speaker. 
     The electronic device  700  also includes a network/bus interface  711  that couples to a data link  712 . The data link  712  allows the electronic device  700  to couple to a host computer or to accessory devices. The data link  712  can be provided over a wired connection or a wireless connection. In the case of a wireless connection, the network/bus interface  711  can include a wireless transceiver. The media items (media assets) can pertain to one or more different types of media content. In one embodiment, the media items are audio tracks (e.g., songs, audio books, and podcasts). In another embodiment, the media items are images (e.g., photos). However, in other embodiments, the media items can be any combination of audio, graphical or visual content. Sensor  726  can take the form of circuitry for detecting any number of stimuli. For example, sensor  726  can include any number of sensors for monitoring a manufacturing operation such as for example a Hall Effect sensor responsive to external magnetic field, an audio sensor, a light sensor such as a photometer, a depth measurement device such as a laser interferometer and so on. 
     The various aspects, embodiments, implementations or features of the described embodiments can be used separately or in any combination. Various aspects of the described embodiments can be implemented by software, hardware or a combination of hardware and software. The described embodiments can also be embodied as computer readable code on a computer readable medium for controlling manufacturing operations or as computer readable code on a computer readable medium for controlling a manufacturing line used to fabricate computer components such as computer housing formed of metal or plastic. The computer readable medium is any data storage device that can store data which can thereafter be read by a computer system. Examples of the computer readable medium include read-only memory, random-access memory, CD-ROMs, DVDs, magnetic tape, optical data storage devices, and carrier waves. The computer readable medium can also be distributed over network-coupled computer systems so that the computer readable code is stored and executed in a distributed fashion. 
     The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, used specific nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the specific details are not required in order to practice the invention. Thus, the foregoing descriptions of specific embodiments of the present invention are presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. 
     The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the following claims and their equivalents.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20120929
Publication Date: 20150310
Grant Date: 20150310
Priority Date: 20120929
Inventors: GIBBS KEVIN D.
QIAN AMY
RAFF JOHN
WRIGHT DEREK
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H05K2201/10106", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K2201/10128", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K2201/10106", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K2201/09681", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K2201/09781", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "Y10T29/4913", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "Y10T29/4913", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K2201/09681", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K1/181", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K1/0215", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K3/4092", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K2201/09781", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K3/4092", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K2201/10128", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K1/0209", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K1/181", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K1/0215", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K1/0209", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 50384985