PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-8908973-B2
Application Number: US-4229608-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Handwritten character recognition interface

Abstract:
Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer program products, for inputting text. A handwriting area is presented on a touch-sensitive display of a device. A handwritten input is received in the handwriting area. One or more candidates are identified for the handwritten input and presented. An input selecting one of the candidates is received. The selected candidate is presented as a current input in a text input area of the touch sensitive display.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A method comprising:
 receiving a handwritten input on a touch-sensitive display of a device, the touch-sensitive display being configured to sense a writing component of the handwritten input and a pressure component of the handwritten input; 
 determining whether the handwritten input corresponds to character input or gesture input based at least partially on the pressure component; 
 if the handwritten input corresponds to character input:
 identifying one or more candidates for the handwritten input; 
 presenting the one or more candidates; 
 presenting one of the candidates as a provisional current input; 
 receiving an input selecting one of the candidates; and 
 presenting the selected candidate as an accepted input; and 
 
 if the handwritten input corresponds to gesture input, performing a function associated with an identified gesture. 
 
     
     
       2. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the candidates comprise Chinese characters. 
     
     
       3. The method of  claim 1 , wherein:
 presenting the one or more candidates comprises presenting one or more virtual buttons, each virtual button corresponding to a respective candidate; and 
 receiving an input selecting one of the candidates comprises receiving an input selecting one of the virtual buttons. 
 
     
     
       4. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the touch-sensitive display is a multi-touch sensitive display. 
     
     
       5. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the one or more candidates are presented in an order that is based on which candidates are the best candidates for the handwritten input. 
     
     
       6. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the candidate presented as the provisional current input is the best candidate for the handwritten input. 
     
     
       7. The method of  claim 1 , wherein identifying the one or more candidates for the handwritten input comprises identifying the one or more candidates for the handwritten input based at least partially on both the writing component and the pressure component. 
     
     
       8. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising ignoring a portion of the handwritten input based at least partially on the pressure component. 
     
     
       9. The method of  claim 1 , wherein presenting the one of the candidates as the provisional current input and presenting the selected candidate as the selected input are based at least partially on the pressure component. 
     
     
       10. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the function comprises a space function. 
     
     
       11. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the function comprises a delete function. 
     
     
       12. A portable device comprising:
 a touch-sensitive display; 
 memory; 
 one or more processors; and 
 instructions stored in the memory and configured for execution by the one or more processors, the instructions comprising instructions to:
 receive a handwritten input on the touch-sensitive display, the touch-sensitive display being configured to sense a writing component of the handwritten input and a pressure component of the handwritten input; 
 determine whether the handwritten input corresponds to character input or gesture input based at least partially on the pressure component; 
 if the handwritten input corresponds to character input:
 identify one or more candidates for the handwritten input; 
 present the one or more candidates; 
 present one of the candidates as a provisional current input; 
 receive an input selecting one of the candidates; and 
 present the selected candidate as an accepted input; and 
 
 if the handwritten input corresponds to gesture input, perform a function associated with an identified gesture. 
 
 
     
     
       13. The device of  claim 12 , wherein the touch-sensitive display is a multi-touch sensitive display. 
     
     
       14. The device of  claim 12 , wherein identifying the one or more candidates for the handwritten input comprises identifying the one or more candidates for the handwritten input based at least partially on both the writing component and the pressure component. 
     
     
       15. The device of  claim 12 , wherein the instructions comprise further instructions to ignore a portion of the handwritten input based at least partially on the pressure component. 
     
     
       16. The device of  claim 12 , wherein presenting the one of the candidates as the provisional current input and presenting the selected candidate as the selected input are based at least partially on the pressure component. 
     
     
       17. A non-transitory computer-readable medium including one or more sequences of instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, causes:
 receiving a handwritten input on a touch-sensitive display of a device, the touch-sensitive display being configured to sense a writing component of the handwritten input and a pressure component of the handwritten input; 
 determining whether the handwritten input corresponds to character input or gesture input based at least partially on the pressure component; 
 if the handwritten input corresponds to character input:
 identifying one or more candidates for the handwritten input; 
 presenting the one or more candidates; 
 presenting one of the candidates as a provisional current input; 
 receiving an input selecting one of the candidates; and 
 presenting the selected candidate as an accepted input; and 
 
 if the handwritten input corresponds to gesture input, performing a function associated with an identified gesture. 
 
     
     
       18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of  claim 17 , wherein the touch-sensitive display is a multi-touch sensitive display. 
     
     
       19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of  claim 17 , wherein identifying the one or more candidates for the handwritten input comprises identifying the one or more candidates for the handwritten input based at least partially on both the writing component and the pressure component. 
     
     
       20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of  claim 17 , wherein the instructions further cause ignoring a portion of the handwritten input based at least partially on the pressure component.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     The subject matter of this specification is related generally to text input interfaces. 
     A computer device can be configured to receive input of text and characters from a computer keyboard. Modern computer keyboards are composed of rectangular or near-rectangular keys, and characters, such as the letters A-Z in the English alphabet, are usually engraved or printed on the keys. Generally, each press of a key corresponds to typing of a single character. 
     Traditional computer keyboards may be too large for portable devices, such as mobile phones, multimedia players, or personal digital assistants (PDAs). Some portable devices include a smaller version of the traditional computer keyboard or use a virtual keyboard to receive user input. A virtual keyboard can be of the form of a software application or a feature of a software application to simulate a computer keyboard. For example, in a portable device with a touch-sensitive display, a virtual keyboard can be used by a user to input text by selecting or tabbing areas of the touch-sensitive display corresponding to keys of the virtual keyboard. 
     These smaller keyboards and virtual keyboards may have keys that correspond to more than one character. For example, some of the keys can, by default, correspond to a character in the English language, for example, the letter “a,” and may also correspond to other additional characters, such as another letter or the letter with an accent option, e.g., the character “ä,” or other characters with accent options. Because of the physical limitations (e.g., size) of the virtual keyboard, a user may find it difficult to type characters not readily available on the virtual keyboard. 
     Input methods for devices having multi-language environments can present unique challenges with respect to input and spelling correction which may need to be tailored to the selected language to ensure accuracy and an efficient workflow. 
     SUMMARY 
     In general, one aspect of the subject matter described in this specification can be embodied in methods that include the actions of presenting a handwriting area on a touch-sensitive display of a device; receiving a handwritten input in the handwriting area; identifying one or more candidates for the handwritten input; presenting the candidates; receiving an input selecting one of the candidates; and presenting the selected candidate as a current input in a text input area of the touch sensitive display. Other embodiments of this aspect include corresponding systems, apparatus, devices, computer program products, and computer readable media. 
     Particular embodiments of the subject matter described in this specification can be implemented to realize one or more of the following advantages. Asian characters can be input on a portable device more efficiently. 
     The details of one or more embodiments of the subject matter described in this specification are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, aspects, and advantages of the subject matter will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram of an example mobile device. 
         FIG. 2  is a block diagram of an example implementation of the mobile device of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIGS. 3A-3F  illustrate an example user interface for entering characters using handwriting recognition. 
         FIG. 4  illustrates an example process for entering text on a portable device. 
     
    
    
     Like reference numbers and designations in the various drawings indicate like elements. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Example Mobile Device 
       FIG. 1  is a block diagram of an example mobile device  100 . The mobile device  100  can be, for example, a handheld computer, a personal digital assistant, a cellular telephone, a network appliance, a camera, a smart phone, an enhanced general packet radio service (EGPRS) mobile phone, a network base station, a media player, a navigation device, an email device, a game console, or a combination of any two or more of these data processing devices or other data processing devices. 
     Mobile Device Overview 
     In some implementations, the mobile device  100  includes a touch-sensitive display  102 . The touch-sensitive display  102  can implement liquid crystal display (LCD) technology, light emitting polymer display (LPD) technology, or some other display technology. The touch sensitive display  102  can be sensitive to haptic and/or tactile contact with a user. 
     In some implementations, the touch-sensitive display  102  can comprise a multi-touch-sensitive display  102 . A multi-touch-sensitive display  102  can, for example, process multiple simultaneous touch points, including processing data related to the pressure, degree, and/or position of each touch point. Such processing facilitates gestures and interactions with multiple fingers, chording, and other interactions. Other touch-sensitive display technologies can also be used, e.g., a display in which contact is made using a stylus or other pointing device. Some examples of multi-touch-sensitive display technology are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,323,846, 6,570,557, 6,677,932, and 6,888,536, each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
     In some implementations, the mobile device  100  can display one or more graphical user interfaces on the touch-sensitive display  102  for providing the user access to various system objects and for conveying information to the user. In some implementations, the graphical user interface can include one or more display objects  104 ,  106 . In the example shown, the display objects  104 ,  106 , are graphic representations of system objects. Some examples of system objects include device functions, applications, windows, files, alerts, events, or other identifiable system objects. 
     Example Mobile Device Functionality 
     In some implementations, the mobile device  100  can implement multiple device functionalities, such as a telephony device, as indicated by a phone object  110 ; an e-mail device, as indicated by the e-mail object  112 ; a network data communication device, as indicated by the Web object  114 ; a Wi-Fi base station device (not shown); and a media processing device, as indicated by the media player object  116 . In some implementations, particular display objects  104 , e.g., the phone object  110 , the e-mail object  112 , the Web object  114 , and the media player object  116 , can be displayed in a menu bar  118 . In some implementations, device functionalities can be accessed from a top-level graphical user interface, such as the graphical user interface illustrated in  FIG. 1 . Touching one of the objects  110 ,  112 ,  114 , or  116  can, for example, invoke corresponding functionality. 
     In some implementations, the mobile device  100  can implement network distribution functionality. For example, the functionality can enable the user to take the mobile device  100  and provide access to its associated network while traveling. In particular, the mobile device  100  can extend Internet access (e.g., Wi-Fi) to other wireless devices in the vicinity. For example, mobile device  100  can be configured as a base station for one or more devices. As such, mobile device  100  can grant or deny network access to other wireless devices. 
     In some implementations, upon invocation of device functionality, the graphical user interface of the mobile device  100  changes, or is augmented or replaced with another user interface or user interface elements, to facilitate user access to particular functions associated with the corresponding device functionality. For example, in response to a user touching the phone object  110 , the graphical user interface of the touch-sensitive display  102  may present display objects related to various phone functions; likewise, touching of the email object  112  may cause the graphical user interface to present display objects related to various e-mail functions; touching the Web object  114  may cause the graphical user interface to present display objects related to various Web-surfing functions; and touching the media player object  116  may cause the graphical user interface to present display objects related to various media processing functions. 
     In some implementations, the top-level graphical user interface environment or state of  FIG. 1  can be restored by pressing a button  120  located near the bottom of the mobile device  100 . In some implementations, each corresponding device functionality may have corresponding “home” display objects displayed on the touch-sensitive display  102 , and the graphical user interface environment of  FIG. 1  can be restored by pressing the “home” display object. 
     In some implementations, the top-level graphical user interface can include additional display objects  106 , such as a short messaging service (SMS) object  130 , a calendar object  132 , a photos object  134 , a camera object  136 , a calculator object  138 , a stocks object  140 , a weather object  142 , a maps object  144 , a notes object  146 , a clock object  148 , an address book object  150 , and a settings object  152 . Touching the SMS display object  130  can, for example, invoke an SMS messaging environment and supporting functionality; likewise, each selection of a display object  132 ,  134 ,  136 ,  138 ,  140 ,  142 ,  144 ,  146 ,  148 ,  150 , and  152  can invoke a corresponding object environment and functionality. 
     Additional and/or different display objects can also be displayed in the graphical user interface of  FIG. 1 . For example, if the device  100  is functioning as a base station for other devices, one or more “connection” objects may appear in the graphical user interface to indicate the connection. In some implementations, the display objects  106  can be configured by a user, e.g., a user may specify which display objects  106  are displayed, and/or may download additional applications or other software that provides other functionalities and corresponding display objects. 
     In some implementations, the mobile device  100  can include one or more input/output (I/O) devices and/or sensor devices. For example, a speaker  160  and a microphone  162  can be included to facilitate voice-enabled functionalities, such as phone and voice mail functions. In some implementations, an up/down button  184  for volume control of the speaker  160  and the microphone  162  can be included. The mobile device  100  can also include an on/off button  182  for a ring indicator of incoming phone calls. In some implementations, a loud speaker  164  can be included to facilitate hands-free voice functionalities, such as speaker phone functions. An audio jack  166  can also be included for use of headphones and/or a microphone. 
     In some implementations, a proximity sensor  168  can be included to facilitate the detection of the user positioning the mobile device  100  proximate to the user&#39;s ear and, in response, to disengage the touch-sensitive display  102  to prevent accidental function invocations. In some implementations, the touch-sensitive display  102  can be turned off to conserve additional power when the mobile device  100  is proximate to the user&#39;s ear. 
     Other sensors can also be used. For example, in some implementations, an ambient light sensor  170  can be utilized to facilitate adjusting the brightness of the touch-sensitive display  102 . In some implementations, an accelerometer  172  can be utilized to detect movement of the mobile device  100 , as indicated by the directional arrow  174 . Accordingly, display objects and/or media can be presented according to a detected orientation, e.g., portrait or landscape. In some implementations, the mobile device  100  may include circuitry and sensors for supporting a location determining capability, such as that provided by the global positioning system (GPS) or other positioning systems (e.g., systems using Wi-Fi access points, television signals, cellular grids, Uniform Resource Locators (URLs)). In some implementations, a positioning system (e.g., a GPS receiver) can be integrated into the mobile device  100  or provided as a separate device that can be coupled to the mobile device  100  through an interface (e.g., port device  190 ) to provide access to location-based services. 
     In some implementations, a port device  190 , e.g., a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port, or a docking port, or some other wired port connection, can be included. The port device  190  can, for example, be utilized to establish a wired connection to other computing devices, such as other communication devices  100 , network access devices, a personal computer, a printer, a display screen, or other processing devices capable of receiving and/or transmitting data. In some implementations, the port device  190  allows the mobile device  100  to synchronize with a host device using one or more protocols, such as, for example, the TCP/IP, HTTP, UDP and any other known protocol. 
     The mobile device  100  can also include a camera lens and sensor  180 . In some implementations, the camera lens and sensor  180  can be located on the back surface of the mobile device  100 . The camera can capture still images and/or video. 
     The mobile device  100  can also include one or more wireless communication subsystems, such as an 802.11b/g communication device  186 , and/or a Bluetooth™ communication device  188 . Other communication protocols can also be supported, including other 802.x communication protocols (e.g., WiMax, Wi-Fi, 3G), code division multiple access (CDMA), global system for mobile communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), etc. 
     Example Mobile Device Architecture 
       FIG. 2  is a block diagram  200  of an example implementation of the mobile device  100  of  FIG. 1 . The mobile device  100  can include a memory interface  202 , one or more data processors, image processors and/or central processing units  204 , and a peripherals interface  206 . The memory interface  202 , the one or more processors  204  and/or the peripherals interface  206  can be separate components or can be integrated in one or more integrated circuits. The various components in the mobile device  100  can be coupled by one or more communication buses or signal lines. 
     Sensors, devices, and subsystems can be coupled to the peripherals interface  206  to facilitate multiple functionalities. For example, a motion sensor  210 , a light sensor  212 , and a proximity sensor  214  can be coupled to the peripherals interface  206  to facilitate the orientation, lighting, and proximity functions described with respect to  FIG. 1 . Other sensors  216  can also be connected to the peripherals interface  206 , such as a positioning system (e.g., GPS receiver), a temperature sensor, a biometric sensor, or other sensing device, to facilitate related functionalities. 
     A camera subsystem  220  and an optical sensor  222 , e.g., a charged coupled device (CCD) or a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) optical sensor, can be utilized to facilitate camera functions, such as recording photographs and video clips. 
     Communication functions can be facilitated through one or more wireless communication subsystems  224 , which can include radio frequency receivers and transmitters and/or optical (e.g., infrared) receivers and transmitters. The specific design and implementation of the communication subsystem  224  can depend on the communication network(s) over which the mobile device  100  is intended to operate. For example, a mobile device  100  may include communication subsystems  224  designed to operate over a GSM network, a GPRS network, an EDGE network, a Wi-Fi or WiMax network, and a Bluetooth™ network. In particular, the wireless communication subsystems  224  may include hosting protocols such that the device  100  may be configured as a base station for other wireless devices. 
     An audio subsystem  226  can be coupled to a speaker  228  and a microphone  230  to facilitate voice-enabled functions, such as voice recognition, voice replication, digital recording, and telephony functions. 
     The I/O subsystem  240  can include a touch screen controller  242  and/or other input controller(s)  244 . The touch-screen controller  242  can be coupled to a touch screen  246 . The touch screen  246  and touch screen controller  242  can, for example, detect contact and movement or break thereof using any of a plurality of touch sensitivity technologies, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with the touch screen  246 . 
     The other input controller(s)  244  can be coupled to other input/control devices  248 , such as one or more buttons, rocker switches, thumb-wheel, infrared port, USB port, and/or a pointer device such as a stylus. The one or more buttons (not shown) can include an up/down button for volume control of the speaker  228  and/or the microphone  230 . 
     In one implementation, a pressing of the button for a first duration may disengage a lock of the touch screen  246 ; and a pressing of the button for a second duration that is longer than the first duration may turn power to the mobile device  100  on or off. The user may be able to customize a functionality of one or more of the buttons. The touch screen  246  can, for example, also be used to implement virtual or soft buttons and/or a keyboard. 
     In some implementations, the mobile device  100  can present recorded audio and/or video files, such as MP3, AAC, and MPEG files. In some implementations, the mobile device  100  can include the functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod™. The mobile device  100  may, therefore, include a 36-pin connector that is compatible with the iPod. Other input/output and control devices can also be used. 
     The memory interface  202  can be coupled to memory  250 . The memory  250  can include high-speed random access memory and/or non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, one or more optical storage devices, and/or flash memory (e.g., NAND, NOR). The memory  250  can store an operating system  252 , such as Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks. The operating system  252  may include instructions for handling basic system services and for performing hardware dependent tasks. In some implementations, the operating system  252  can be a kernel (e.g., UNIX kernel). 
     The memory  250  may also store communication instructions  254  to facilitate communicating with one or more additional devices, one or more computers and/or one or more servers. The memory  250  may include graphical user interface instructions  256  to facilitate graphic user interface processing; sensor processing instructions  258  to facilitate sensor-related processing and functions; phone instructions  260  to facilitate phone-related processes and functions; electronic messaging instructions  262  to facilitate electronic-messaging related processes and functions; web browsing instructions  264  to facilitate web browsing-related processes and functions; media processing instructions  266  to facilitate media processing-related processes and functions; GPS/Navigation instructions  268  to facilitate GPS and navigation-related processes and instructions; camera instructions  270  to facilitate camera-related processes and functions; and/or other software instructions  272  to facilitate other processes and functions, e.g., security processes and functions. The memory  250  may also store other software instructions (not shown), such as web video instructions to facilitate web video-related processes and functions; and/or web shopping instructions to facilitate web shopping-related processes and functions. In some implementations, the media processing instructions  266  are divided into audio processing instructions and video processing instructions to facilitate audio processing-related processes and functions and video processing-related processes and functions, respectively. An activation record and International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI)  274  or similar hardware identifier can also be stored in memory  250 . 
     Language data  276  can also be stored in memory  250 . Language data  276  can include, for example, word dictionaries (i.e., list of possible words in a language) for one or more languages, dictionaries of characters and corresponding phonetics, one or more corpuses of characters and character compounds, and so on. 
     Each of the above identified instructions and applications can correspond to a set of instructions for performing one or more functions described above. These instructions need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures, or modules. The memory  250  can include additional instructions or fewer instructions. Furthermore, various functions of the mobile device  100  may be implemented in hardware and/or in software, including in one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits. 
     Handwriting Recognition Interface 
       FIGS. 3A-3F  illustrate an example user interface for entering characters using handwriting recognition on a mobile device  100 . Mobile device  100  can display a text input area  302  and a handwriting area  304  on the touch sensitive display  102 . The text input area  302  can be any area where input text can be displayed, e.g., a note-taking application, an email application, and so on. 
     For convenience, the implementations described in this specification are described in reference to entry of Chinese characters (simplified and/or traditional). It should be appreciated that the described implementations can be adapted for other languages. 
     The handwriting area  304  provides a region where a user can draw or write a handwritten input. The touch-sensitive display  102  can display one or more virtual keys, buttons, or the like, that provide additional functionality. In some implementations, the additional keys include one or more of: a delete/backspace key  303  for deleting the last input character, a space key  308  for entering white space, a return key  310  for entering a line break or the like, and a numbers and punctuation keyboard toggle key  314  for toggling between the handwriting area  304  and a virtual keyboard with number and punctuation keys. 
     In some implementations, the handwriting area  304  is accompanied by one or more virtual candidate keys  306 . The virtual candidate keys  306  can be arranged in a vertical column adjacent to the handwriting area  304 . A candidate for a handwritten input can be selected using the candidate keys  306 , further details of which are described below. 
     In some implementations, there is a virtual button (not shown) for switching amongst the handwriting recognition user interface and virtual keyboards for various languages. 
     A user can draw a handwritten input  316  in the handwriting area  304 , as shown in  FIG. 3B . The device  100  can compare the handwritten input to characters and words in a dictionary, corpus, repository, or the like. For example, the device  100  can compare the handwritten input against Chinese characters and words formed from Chinese characters in a Chinese character dictionary. Characters or words in the dictionary that include an initial character matching or resembling the handwritten input can be identified as candidates. 
     The device  100  can display the candidates in the candidate keys  306 , as shown in  FIG. 3C . Each candidate key can correspond to a candidate character or candidate word or phrase that is a combination of multiple characters. In some implementations, a candidate can also displayed inline in the text entry area  302  as the provisional current input  317 . In some implementations, the provisional current input  317  is displayed with underlining to indicate that the input  317  is provisional, pending confirmation by the user. 
     In some implementations, the candidate keys  306  are presented in an order that is based on which candidates are the “best” candidates, according to the device  100 , for the handwritten input  316 . Criteria for determining “best” candidates can include word or character frequency and degree of match to the handwritten input, to name a few examples. In some implementations, the “best” candidate is displayed inline as the provisional current input  317  and is displayed on the top amongst the candidate keys  306 . For example, in  FIG. 3C , the character   is the best candidate for the handwritten input  316 ;   is displayed inline as input  317  and is the first of the candidate keys  306 . 
     The user can hit the next candidates key  320  to show additional candidate keys  306  that correspond to additional candidates for the handwritten input  316 . For example, from  FIG. 3C , hitting the next candidates key  320  brings up another set of candidates for the candidate keys  306 , as shown in  FIG. 3D . 
     The user can accept the current input  317  as is (in  FIG. 3C , the current input  317  is the character  ) by hitting the candidate key corresponding to the character    321 . The user can select another candidate by hitting the desired candidate key  306 . For example, the user can select the candidate   by selecting key  322 . 
     When the user selects a candidate, the handwriting area  304  and the candidate keys can be reset, as shown in  FIG. 3E . The selected candidate is displayed as accepted input  324  with no underlining. For example, if the user hits key  322  to select the candidate  ,   is displayed as the accepted input  324 , as shown in  FIG. 3E . 
     In some implementations, the functionality of some virtual keys (e.g., keys  303 ,  308   318 ,  320 ,  314 ) can be activated using gestures. For example, the keys  303 ,  308 ,  310 ,  320 ,  314  can be elided from display and the handwriting area  304  expanded, as shown in  FIG. 3F , and the functionality previously associated with keys  303 ,  308 ,  310 ,  320 ,  314  is activated by gestures (e.g., horizontal or diagonal swipe, etc.). Thus, for example, when the user is using the handwriting area  304  to enter text, the user can perform a gesture on the handwriting area  304  to add a space or delete a character, for example. In some implementations, the gestures are predefined such that they are easily distinguishable by the device  100  from character strokes. In some implementations, the touch-sensitive display is a multi-touch sensitive display, and the gestures are multi-touch gestures. 
     In some implementations, when the user draws a handwritten input and then the user stops drawing and does not select any candidate for a predetermined time delay (e.g., 3 seconds), the device  100  auto-selects the “best” single-character candidate. If the user did not want the auto-confirmed candidate, the user can drag the auto-confirmed candidate from the text input area  302  into the handwriting area  304  perform a predefined gesture, to signal that the handwritten input is incomplete. 
     In some implementations, the set of candidate keys  306  can be scrolled through using gestures. For example, the user can perform a vertical swipe gesture along the candidate keys  306  to scroll through the candidates like a rolodex. 
     In some implementations, the candidates are identified and ordered using predictive text and/or error correction techniques. Examples of predictive text techniques are disclosed in Masui, “An Efficient Text Input Method for Pen-based Computers,” in  Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems  (CHI &#39;98), Addison-Wesley, April 1998, pp. 328-335; and Masui, “PO Box: An Efficient Text Input Method for Handheld and Ubiquitous Computers,” in  Proceedings of the International Symposium on Handheld and Ubiquitous Computing  (HUC &#39;99), pp. 289-300, September 1999, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. 
     In some implementations, the handwriting area  304  is sized such that usage of a finger to draw a handwritten input, as opposed to using a stylus, is practical. For example, the height and the width of the handwriting area  304  can each be at least double the width of an average human index finger. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates an example process  400  for entering text on a portable device with a touch-sensitive display. For convenience, process  400  will be described in reference to a system (e.g., device  100 ) that performs the process. 
     A virtual handwriting area is presented in a first region of a touch-sensitive display of a device ( 402 ). For example, when a user opens an application on the device  100  that includes text entry, the device  100  can display a virtual handwriting area on the touch-sensitive display. 
     A handwritten input is received in the handwriting area ( 404 ). The user can, by hand, draw an input in the handwriting area. The user can, for example, draw or write (or at least attempt to draw or write) a Chinese character in the handwriting area. The handwritten input is displayed in the handwriting area, to show what the user has drawn. 
     In response to the handwritten input, one or more candidates are identified ( 406 ). The candidates can include single characters and/or multi-character words or phrases. In some implementations, the device  100  compares the handwritten input to a dictionary and identifies characters, words, and phrases in the dictionary whose leading character match or resemble the handwritten input. 
     In some implementations, the identification of candidate characters includes ordering the candidate characters based on one or more criteria. The ordering gives the user an indication of what the device  100  determines to be the best candidates. 
     At least a subset of the candidates is presented to the user ( 408 ). For example, the device  100  can display one or more of the candidates for review and possible selection by the user. In some implementations, a candidate is assigned to a candidate key  306  and displayed with the candidate key to which the candidate is assigned. A candidate can also be displayed inline as a provisional current input. For example, the device  100  can display the “best” candidate in a text input area as the provisional current input. 
     An input is received selecting one of the candidates ( 410 ). For example, the user can select a candidate key  306  to select the corresponding candidate. 
     The selected candidate is presented in the text input area ( 412 ). The selected candidate is displayed as the current input in the text input area. The device  100  can reset the handwriting area and candidate keys for the next handwritten input. 
     In some implementations, the touch-sensitive display  102  is pressure-sensitive and can detect differences in the amount of pressure that is applied to the display  102 . In some implementations, when a handwriting input is drawn on a pressure-sensitive touch-sensitive display, the pressure information is used to render the text input displayed in the text input area  302  in a more aesthetically pleasing manner. The pressure sensitivity can also be used to distinguish between strokes that are intended to draw a handwritten input and inadvertent strokes. 
     The disclosed and other embodiments and the functional operations described in this specification can be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, or in computer software, firmware, or hardware, including the structures disclosed in this specification and their structural equivalents, or in combinations of one or more of them. The disclosed and other embodiments can be implemented as one or more computer program products, i.e., one or more modules of computer program instructions encoded on a computer-readable medium for execution by, or to control the operation of, data processing apparatus. The computer-readable medium can be a machine-readable storage device, a machine-readable storage substrate, a memory device, a composition of matter effecting a machine-readable propagated signal, or a combination of one or more them. The term “data processing apparatus” encompasses all apparatus, devices, and machines for processing data, including by way of example a programmable processor, a computer, or multiple processors or computers. The apparatus can include, in addition to hardware, code that creates an execution environment for the computer program in question, e.g., code that constitutes processor firmware, a protocol stack, a database management system, an operating system, or a combination of one or more of them. A propagated signal is an artificially generated signal, e.g., a machine-generated electrical, optical, or electromagnetic signal, that is generated to encode information for transmission to suitable receiver apparatus. 
     A computer program (also known as a program, software, software application, script, or code) can be written in any form of programming language, including compiled or interpreted languages, and it can be deployed in any form, including as a stand-alone program or as a module, component, subroutine, or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment. A computer program does not necessarily correspond to a file in a file system. A program can be stored in a portion of a file that holds other programs or data (e.g., one or more scripts stored in a markup language document), in a single file dedicated to the program in question, or in multiple coordinated files (e.g., files that store one or more modules, sub-programs, or portions of code). A computer program can be deployed to be executed on one computer or on multiple computers that are located at one site or distributed across multiple sites and interconnected by a communication network. 
     The processes and logic flows described in this specification can be performed by one or more programmable processors executing one or more computer programs to perform functions by operating on input data and generating output. The processes and logic flows can also be performed by, and apparatus can also be implemented as, special purpose logic circuitry, e.g., an FPGA (field programmable gate array) or an ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit). 
     Processors suitable for the execution of a computer program include, by way of example, both general and special purpose microprocessors, and any one or more processors of any kind of digital computer. Generally, a processor will receive instructions and data from a read-only memory or a random access memory or both. The essential elements of a computer are a processor for performing instructions and one or more memory devices for storing instructions and data. Generally, a computer will also include, or be operatively coupled to receive data from or transfer data to, or both, one or more mass storage devices for storing data, e.g., magnetic, magneto-optical disks, or optical disks. However, a computer need not have such devices. Computer-readable media suitable for storing computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, media and memory devices, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, e.g., EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, e.g., internal hard disks or removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks. The processor and the memory can be supplemented by, or incorporated in, special purpose logic circuitry. 
     To provide for interaction with a user, the disclosed embodiments can be implemented on a computer having a display device, e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor, for displaying information to the user and a keyboard and a pointing device, e.g., a mouse or a trackball, by which the user can provide input to the computer. Other kinds of devices can be used to provide for interaction with a user as well; for example, feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback, e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback; and input from the user can be received in any form, including acoustic, speech, or tactile input. 
     The disclosed embodiments can be implemented in a computing system that includes a back-end component, e.g., as a data server, or that includes a middleware component, e.g., an application server, or that includes a front-end component, e.g., a client computer having a graphical user interface or a Web browser through which a user can interact with an implementation of what is disclosed here, or any combination of one or more such back-end, middleware, or front-end components. The components of the system can be interconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication, e.g., a communication network. Examples of communication networks include a local area network (“LAN”) and a wide area network (“WAN”), e.g., the Internet. 
     While this specification contains many specifics, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of what being claims or of what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in this specification in the context of separate embodiments can also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment can also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable subcombination. Moreover, although features may be described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a subcombination or variation of a subcombination. 
     Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, this should not be understand as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Moreover, the separation of various system components in the embodiments described above should not be understood as requiring such separation in all embodiments, and it should be understood that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product or packaged into multiple software products. 
     Particular embodiments of the subject matter described in this specification have been described. Other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. For example, the actions recited in the claims can be performed in a different order and still achieve desirable results. As one example, the processes depicted in the accompanying figures do not necessarily require the particular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve desirable results. In certain implementations, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20080304
Publication Date: 20141209
Grant Date: 20141209
Priority Date: 20080304
Inventors: GOLDSMITH DEBORAH EILEEN
COLLINS, JR. LELAND DOUGLAS
FURCHES ELIZABETH CAROLINE
KOCIENDA KEN
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G06K9/00436", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06V30/387", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06V30/387", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 40550229