PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-10657874-B2
Application Number: US-201815967892-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Overdrive for electronic device displays

Abstract:
An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a display that is configured to show content that includes a plurality of frames. The plurality of frames includes a first frame that is associated with a pre-transition value. The plurality of frames also includes a second frame that is associated with a current frame value that corresponds to a first luminance. Additionally, the electronic device is configured to determine an overdriven current frame value corresponding to a second luminance that is greater than the first luminance. The electronic device is also configured to display the second frame using the overdriven current frame value.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An electronic device comprising a display configured to show content, wherein the content comprises a plurality of frames comprising:
 a first frame, wherein the first frame is associated with a pre-transition value; and 
 a second frame, wherein the second frame is associated with a current frame value; 
 wherein the electronic device is configured to:
 determine a preliminary compensated current frame value corresponding to a first luminance of a third frame in a transition from the first frame to the second frame to the third frame; 
 determine a final compensated current frame value corresponding to a second luminance of the third frame in a transition from the first frame to the second frame to the third frame in which the second frame is associated with the preliminary compensated current frame value; and 
 display the second frame using the final compensated current frame value. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the electronic device is configured to display the third frame of the plurality of the frames using the current frame value after displaying the second frame. 
     
     
       3. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the display comprises a plurality of pixels, wherein the pre-transition value, current frame value, and final compensated current frame value are associated with a first pixel. 
     
     
       4. The electronic device of  claim 3 , wherein the electronic device is configured to determine a second current frame value and a second compensated current frame value associated with a second pixel of the plurality of pixels. 
     
     
       5. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the plurality of frames comprises the third frame, wherein the third frame is associated with a next frame value, wherein the electronic device is configured to:
 determine a next frame compensated value; and 
 display the third frame using the next frame compensated value. 
 
     
     
       6. The electronic device of  claim 5 , wherein the electronic device is configured to display a fourth frame after the third frame, wherein the fourth frame is associated with the current frame value. 
     
     
       7. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the electronic device is configured to:
 display the second frame using the final compensated current frame value when a luminance of the display will be less than or equal to a threshold luminance when the second frame is displayed using the final compensated current frame value; and 
 display the second frame using the preliminary compensated current frame value when the luminance of the display will be greater than the threshold luminance when the second frame is displayed using the preliminary compensated current frame value. 
 
     
     
       8. A method comprising:
 determining a pre-transition value associated with a first frame of content; 
 determining a post-transition value associated with a second frame of content; 
 determining a preliminary overdrive value associated with the second frame, wherein the preliminary overdrive value is associated with a first luminance of a third frame of content in a transition from the first frame to the second frame to the third frame; 
 determining a final overdrive value associated with a second luminance of the third frame in a transition from the first frame to the second frame to the third frame in which the second frame is associated with the preliminary overdrive value; and 
 displaying the second frame using the final overdrive value. 
 
     
     
       9. The method of  claim 8 , comprising generating a first set of overdrive look-up tables, wherein the first set of overdrive look-up tables comprises luminance values associated with the post-transition value. 
     
     
       10. The method of  claim 9 , comprising:
 determining the first luminance of the third frame; and 
 determining the preliminary overdrive value based on the first luminance of the third frame. 
 
     
     
       11. The method of  claim 10 ,
 wherein the preliminary overdrive value and final overdrive value correspond to gray values. 
 
     
     
       12. The method of  claim 8 , wherein the preliminary overdrive value, final overdrive value, or both are determined based on color or brightness settings associated with a display. 
     
     
       13. The method of  claim 8 , wherein the preliminary overdrive value, final overdrive value, or both are determined based on a temperature. 
     
     
       14. An electronic device comprising a display configured to show content, wherein the content comprises:
 a first set of frame data comprising a pre-transition value, wherein the first set of frame data is associated with a first frame; and 
 a second set of frame data comprising a post-transition value, wherein the second set of frame data is associated with a second frame; 
 wherein the electronic device is configured to:
 determine a preliminary overdrive value based on the pre-transition value and post-transition value, wherein the preliminary overdrive value is associated with a first luminance of a third frame in a transition from the first frame to the second frame to the third frame; 
 determine a final overdrive value corresponding to a second luminance of the third frame in a transition from the first frame to the second frame to the third frame in which the second frame is associated with the preliminary overdrive value; 
 generate a third set of frame data, wherein the third set of frame data comprises the final overdrive value; 
 display the first frame associated with the first set of frame data; and 
 display the second frame using the third set of frame data. 
 
 
     
     
       15. The electronic device of  claim 14 , wherein the electronic device is configured to display the second frame after the first frame. 
     
     
       16. The electronic device of  claim 14 , wherein the final overdrive value is determined based on a plurality of look-up tables, wherein the plurality of look-up tables comprises information relating to color values, brightness values, temperature values, or any combination thereof. 
     
     
       17. The electronic device of  claim 16 , wherein the plurality of look-up tables comprises information relating to color values, brightness values, and temperature values. 
     
     
       18. The electronic device of  claim 14 , wherein the electronic device comprises a computer, hand-held device, or wearable electronic device. 
     
     
       19. The electronic device of  claim 14 , configured to:
 display the second frame after the first frame; and 
 display the third frame after the second frame, wherein the third frame is associated with the post-transition value. 
 
     
     
       20. The electronic device of  claim 14 , comprising determining the preliminary overdrive value by determining a gray value for which, in a transition from the first frame to a fourth frame having the gray value, a third luminance of the fourth frame is equivalent to the first luminance.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a Non-Provisional Patent Application of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/552,994, entitled “Overdrive for Electronic Device Displays”, filed Aug. 31, 2017, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety and for all purposes. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The present disclosure relates generally to display panels, and more specifically, to systems and methods that provide one or more frames of content with modified pixel settings. 
     This section is intended to introduce the reader to various aspects of art that may be related to various aspects of the present disclosure, which are described and/or claimed below. This discussion is believed to be helpful in providing the reader with background information to facilitate a better understanding of the various aspects of the present disclosure. Accordingly, it should be understood that these statements are to be read in this light, and not as admissions of prior art. 
     In many devices, such as televisions, smartphones, computer panels, smartwatches, among others, pixel-based display panels are employed to provide a user interface. For example, in organic light emitting diode (OLED) panels, settings associated with pixels of display panels may change. For example, content being displayed on the screen may include frames that may differ from one another. In some instances, the initial response of the device to post-transition settings may not correspond to the post-transition settings. For example, content displayed on the display panels may be present for several frames before the content is displayed with visual characteristics that correspond to the post-transition settings. 
     SUMMARY 
     A summary of certain embodiments disclosed herein is set forth below. It should be understood that these aspects are presented merely to provide the reader with a brief summary of these certain embodiments and that these aspects are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Indeed, this disclosure may encompass a variety of aspects that may not be set forth below. 
     In many devices, such as televisions, smartphones, computer panels, smartwatches, among others, pixel-based display panels are employed to display content. For example, organic light emitting diode (OLED) panels may be used. In some instances, the initial response of the device to post-transition settings may not correspond to the post-transition settings. As a result, the content may be displayed for several frames before the content is displayed with the post-transition settings. Embodiments described herein discuss techniques that enable one or more frames of the content to be displayed in a manner that more closely corresponds to the post-transition settings. 
     In one embodiment, an electronic device that includes a display is provided. The display is configured to show content that includes a plurality of frames, and the plurality of frames includes a first frame that is associated with a pre-transition value. The plurality of frames also includes a second frame that is associated with a current frame value that corresponds to a first luminance. Additionally, the electronic device is configured to determine a compensated current frame value corresponding to a second luminance. The electronic device is also configured to display the second frame using the compensated current frame value. 
     In another embodiment, a method includes determining a pre-transition value associated with a first frame of content and determining a post-transition value associated with a second frame of content and a first luminance. The method also includes determining an overdrive value associated with the second frame. The overdrive value is associated with a second luminance that is greater than the first luminance. The method also includes displaying the second frame using the overdrive value. 
     In a further embodiment, an electronic device includes a display that is configured to show content. The content includes a first set of frame data that includes a pre-transition value. The content also includes a second set of frame data that includes a post-transition value associated with a first luminance. Moreover, the electronic device is configured to determine an overdrive value based on the pre-transition value and post-transition value, wherein the overdrive value is associated with a second luminance that is greater than the first luminance. The electronic device is also configured to generate a third set of frame data that includes the overdrive value. Additionally, the electronic device is configured to display a first frame associated with the first set of frame data; and a second frame associated with the third set of frame data. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Various aspects of this disclosure may be better understood upon reading the following detailed description and upon reference to the drawings in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic block diagram of an electronic device, in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective view of a notebook computer representing an embodiment of the electronic device of  FIG. 1 , in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 3  is a front view of a hand-held device representing another embodiment of the electronic device of  FIG. 1 , in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 4  is a front view of another hand-held device representing another embodiment of the electronic device of  FIG. 1 , in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 5  is a front view of a desktop computer representing another embodiment of the electronic device of  FIG. 1 , in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 6  is a front view and side view of a wearable electronic device representing another embodiment of the electronic device of  FIG. 1 , in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 7  is a graph depicting normalized optical response over time of a transition from green 0 to green 255 at a luminance of 2 nits, in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 8  is a graph of luminance over time for a transition from green 0 to green 127, in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 9  is a graph of luminance over time of a transition from green 0 to green 127 that includes an overdriven first frame, in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 10  is a data flow chart of a process for generating a first set of overdrive look-up tables, in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 11  is a data flow chart of a process for generating a second set of overdrive look-up tables, in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 12  is a data flow chart of a process for generating an overdriven current frame, in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 13  is a flow chart of a method for implementing an overdrive, in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 14  is a graph of a target gray values and normalized luminance at 4 nits, in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 15  illustrates two graphs that respectively show relative luminance values associated with transitions from G0 to G159 and G0 to G210, in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 16  is a graph illustrating luminance values of associated with frames in a transition from G0 to G159, in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 17  illustrates graphs showing relative luminance levels associated with frames in three different transitions, in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 18  is a data flow chart of a process for generating a third set of overdrive look-up tables, in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 19  is a data flow chart of a process for generating an overdriven next frame, in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 20  is a flow chart of a method for implementing an overdrive on multiple frames, in accordance with an embodiment; and 
         FIG. 21  illustrates graphs showing relative luminance levels associated with frames in three different transitions, in accordance with an embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS 
     One or more specific embodiments will be described below. In an effort to provide a concise description of these embodiments, not all features of an actual implementation are described in the specification. It should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developers&#39; specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which may vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it should be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking of design, fabrication, and manufacture for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure. 
     Many electronic devices may use display panels to show content to users. Many user display panels may be pixel-based panels, such as light-emitting diode (LED) panels, organic light emitting diodes (OLED) panels and/or plasma panels. In many devices, such as televisions, smartphones, computer panels, smartwatches, among others, pixel-based display panels are employed to show content and/or provide a user interface. For example, content may include frames that can be displayed. One frame may include pre-transition settings, while a subsequent frame may include post-transition settings. In some instances, the initial response of the display to post-transition settings may not correspond to the post-transition settings. For example, the post-transition settings may be associated with color and/or brightness settings that differ from those associated with the pre-transition settings. Indeed, content displayed on the display panels may be present for several frames before the content is displayed with visual characteristics that correspond to the post-transition settings. 
     Embodiments described herein are related to system and methods for providing improved initial responses. More specifically, the present disclosure discusses an overdrive technique that may be used to modify one or more frames of the content such that the initial frame response more closely corresponds to post-transition settings. 
     With the foregoing in mind, a general description of suitable electronic devices that may employ an overdrive to provide an improved response to changed display settings is discussed herein. Turning first to  FIG. 1 , an electronic device  10  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include, among other things, one or more processor(s)  12 , memory  14 , nonvolatile storage  16 , a display  18 , input structures  22 , an input/output (I/O) interface  24 , a network interface  26 , a transceiver  28 , and a power source  29 . The various functional blocks shown in  FIG. 1  may include hardware elements (including circuitry), software elements (including computer code stored on a computer-readable medium) or a combination of both hardware and software elements. For example, as discussed in greater detail below, the memory  14  may include software instructions associated with an overdrive  30  that when executed by the one or more processors  12  cause a portion of the display  18  to be commanded to have certain characteristics that differ from an intended set of characteristics. It should be noted that  FIG. 1  is merely one example of a particular implementation and is intended to illustrate the types of components that may be present in electronic device  10 . For example, in some embodiments, the overdrive  30  may be performed by overdrive circuitry separate from the memory  14  and/or processor(s)  12 . In other embodiments, the electronic device  10  may not include the display  18 , but may be communicatively coupled another electronic device that includes a display, such as a television. 
     By way of example, the electronic device  10  may represent a block diagram of the notebook computer depicted in  FIG. 2 , the handheld device depicted in  FIG. 3 , the handheld device depicted in  FIG. 4 , the desktop computer depicted in  FIG. 5 , the wearable electronic device depicted in  FIG. 6 , or similar devices. It should be noted that the processor(s)  12  and other related items in  FIG. 1  may be generally referred to herein as “data processing circuitry”. Such data processing circuitry may be embodied wholly or in part as software, firmware, hardware, or any combination thereof. Furthermore, the data processing circuitry may be a single contained processing module or may be incorporated wholly or partially within any of the other elements within the electronic device  10 . 
     In the electronic device  10  of  FIG. 1 , the processor(s)  12  may be operably coupled with the memory  14  and the nonvolatile storage  16  to perform various algorithms. Such programs or instructions executed by the processor(s)  12  may be stored in any suitable article of manufacture that includes one or more tangible, computer-readable media at least collectively storing the instructions or routines, such as the memory  14  and the nonvolatile storage  16 . The memory  14  and the nonvolatile storage  16  may include any suitable articles of manufacture for storing data and executable instructions, such as random-access memory, read-only memory, rewritable flash memory, hard drives, and optical discs. In addition, programs (e.g., an operating system) encoded on such a computer program product may also include instructions that may be executed by the processor(s)  12  to enable the electronic device  10  to provide various functionalities. 
     In certain embodiments, the display  18  may be a liquid crystal display (LCD), which may allow users to view images generated on the electronic device  10 . In some embodiments, the display  18  may include a touch screen, which may allow users to interact with a user interface of the electronic device  10 . Furthermore, it should be appreciated that, in some embodiments, the display  18  may include one or more organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays, or some combination of liquid crystal display (LCD) panels and OLED panels. The display  18  may receive images, data, or instructions from processor  12  or memory  14 , and provide an image in display  18  for interaction. More specifically, the display  18  includes pixels, and each of the pixels may be set to display a color at a brightness based on the images, data, or instructions from processor  12  or memory  14 . For instance, the colors displayed by the pixels may be defined by a RGB color model wherein each pixel displays a color based on a value for how much red, green, and blue is included in the color. For example, the color black may be defined as “RGB: 0, 0, 0,” the color white may be defined as “RGB: 255, 255, 255,” and all other colors may be defined by various combinations of red, green, and blue that have values between 0 and 255 (e.g., yellow may be defined as “RGB: 255, 255, 0”). Hexadecimal numbers may be used instead of decimal numbers. Additionally, colors may also be defined as coordinates of a color space. For example, colors may be defined by a set of coordinates in RGB color spaces such as standard Red Green Blue (“sRGB”) as described in International Electrotechnical Commission standard 61966-2-1:1999 and/or DCI-P3 as described by the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) in SMPTE ED 432-1:2006 and SMPTE RP 431-2:2011. 
     In some instances, such as when pixels change from one setting to another (e.g., a change in color and/or brightness), content displayed on some of the pixels of the display  18  may initially differ from settings at which the content should be displayed. For example, based on received images, data, or instructions from the processor  12  and/or memory  14 , some pixels of the display  18  may be caused to transition from a green value of 0 (i.e., no green) to a higher value (e.g., 200). However, in some cases, the color displayed on such pixels of the display  18  may not initially be the higher value. For example, it may take one or more frames for pixels to display the color and/or brightness that should be displayed. As discussed below, the memory  14  may include instructions pertaining to an overdrive  30 , and the overdrive  30  causes the first frame or several frames of pixels to be commanded to display a color and/or brightness that differs from the intended color and/or brightness so that the pixels of the display  18  have the intended settings or settings that are similar to the intended settings at the first frame. 
     The input structures  22  of the electronic device  10  may enable a user to interact with the electronic device  10  (e.g., pressing a button to increase or decrease a volume level). The I/O interface  24  may enable electronic device  10  to interface with various other electronic devices, as may the network interface  26 . The network interface  26  may include, for example, one or more interfaces for a personal area network (PAN), such as a Bluetooth network, for a local area network (LAN) or wireless local area network (WLAN), such as an 802.11x Wi-Fi network, and/or for a wide area network (WAN), such as a 3rd generation (3G) cellular network, 4th generation (4G) cellular network, long term evolution (LTE) cellular network, or long term evolution license assisted access (LTE-LAA) cellular network. The network interface  26  may also include one or more interfaces for, for example, broadband fixed wireless access networks (WiMAX), mobile broadband Wireless networks (mobile WiMAX), asynchronous digital subscriber lines (e.g., ADSL, VDSL), digital video broadcasting-terrestrial (DVB-T) and its extension DVB Handheld (DVB-H), ultra-Wideband (UWB), alternating current (AC) power lines, and so forth. 
     In certain embodiments, to allow the electronic device  10  to communicate over the aforementioned wireless networks (e.g., Wi-Fi, WiMAX, mobile WiMAX, 4G, LTE, and so forth), the electronic device  10  may include a transceiver  28 . The transceiver  28  may include any circuitry that may be useful in both wirelessly receiving and wirelessly transmitting signals (e.g., data signals). Indeed, in some embodiments, as will be further appreciated, the transceiver  28  may include a transmitter and a receiver combined into a single unit, or, in other embodiments, the transceiver  28  may include a transmitter separate from the receiver. For example, as noted above, the transceiver  28  may transmit and receive OFDM signals (e.g., OFDM data symbols) to support data communication in wireless applications such as, for example, PAN networks (e.g., Bluetooth), WLAN networks (e.g., 802.11x Wi-Fi), WAN networks (e.g., 3G, 4G, and LTE cellular networks), WiMAX networks, mobile WiMAX networks, ADSL and VDSL networks, DVB-T and DVB-H networks, UWB networks, and so forth. Further, in some embodiments, the transceiver  28  may be integrated as part of the network interfaces  26 . As further illustrated, the electronic device  10  may include a power source  29 . The power source  29  may include any suitable source of power, such as a rechargeable lithium polymer (Li-poly) battery and/or an alternating current (AC) power converter. 
     In certain embodiments, the electronic device  10  may take the form of a computer, a portable electronic device, a wearable electronic device, or other type of electronic device. Such computers may include computers that are generally portable (such as laptop, notebook, and tablet computers) as well as computers that are generally used in one place (such as conventional desktop computers, workstations, and/or servers). In certain embodiments, the electronic device  10  in the form of a computer may be a model of a MacBook®, MacBook® Pro, MacBook Air®, iMac®, Mac® mini, or Mac Pro® available from Apple Inc. By way of example, the electronic device  10 , taking the form of a notebook computer  10 A, is illustrated in  FIG. 2  in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. The depicted computer  10 A may include a housing or enclosure  36 , a display  18 , input structures  22 , and ports of an I/O interface  24 . In one embodiment, the input structures  22  (such as a keyboard and/or touchpad) may be used to interact with the computer  10 A, such as to start, control, or operate a GUI or applications running on computer  10 A. For example, a keyboard and/or touchpad may allow a user to navigate a user interface or application interface displayed on display  18 . 
       FIG. 3  depicts a front view of a handheld device  10 B, which represents one embodiment of the electronic device  10 . The handheld device  10 B may represent, for example, a portable phone, a media player, a personal data organizer, a handheld game platform, or any combination of such devices. By way of example, the handheld device  10 B may be a model of an iPod® or iPhone® available from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. The handheld device  10 B may include an enclosure  36  to protect interior components from physical damage and to shield them from electromagnetic interference. The enclosure  36  may surround the display  18 . Enclosure  36  may also include sensing and processing circuitry that may be used to provide correction schemes described herein to provide smooth images in display  18 . The I/O interfaces  24  may open through the enclosure  36  and may include, for example, an I/O port for a hard wired connection for charging and/or content manipulation using a standard connector and protocol, such as the Lightning connector provided by Apple Inc., a universal service bus (USB), or other similar connector and protocol. 
     User input structures  22 , in combination with the display  18 , may allow a user to control the handheld device  10 B. For example, the input structures  22  may activate or deactivate the handheld device  10 B, navigate user interface to a home screen, a user-configurable application screen, and/or activate a voice-recognition feature of the handheld device  10 B. Other input structures  22  may provide volume control, or may toggle between vibrate and ring modes. The input structures  22  may also include a microphone may obtain a user&#39;s voice for various voice-related features, and a speaker may enable audio playback and/or certain phone capabilities. The input structures  22  may also include a headphone input may provide a connection to external speakers and/or headphones. 
       FIG. 4  depicts a front view of another handheld device  10 C, which represents another embodiment of the electronic device  10 . The handheld device  10 C may represent, for example, a tablet computer, or one of various portable computing devices. By way of example, the handheld device  10 C may be a tablet-sized embodiment of the electronic device  10 , which may be, for example, a model of an iPad® available from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. 
     Turning to  FIG. 5 , a computer  10 D may represent another embodiment of the electronic device  10  of  FIG. 1 . The computer  10 D may be any computer, such as a desktop computer, a server, or a notebook computer, but may also be a standalone media player or video gaming machine. By way of example, the computer  10 D may be an iMac®, a MacBook®, or other similar device by Apple Inc. It should be noted that the computer  10 D may also represent a personal computer (PC) by another manufacturer. A similar enclosure  36  may be provided to protect and enclose internal components of the computer  10 D such as the display  18 . In certain embodiments, a user of the computer  10 D may interact with the computer  10 D using various peripheral input devices, such as the keyboard  22 A or mouse  22 B (e.g., input structures  22 ), which may connect to the computer  10 D. 
     Similarly,  FIG. 6  depicts a wearable electronic device  10 E representing another embodiment of the electronic device  10  of  FIG. 1  that may be configured to operate using the techniques described herein. By way of example, the wearable electronic device  10 E, which may include a wristband  43 , may be an Apple Watch® by Apple Inc. However, in other embodiments, the wearable electronic device  10 E may include any wearable electronic device such as, for example, a wearable exercise monitoring device (e.g., pedometer, accelerometer, heart rate monitor), or other device by another manufacturer. The display  18  of the wearable electronic device  10 E may include a touch screen display  18  (e.g., LCD, OLED display, active-matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) display, and so forth), as well as input structures  22 , which may allow users to interact with a user interface of the wearable electronic device  10 E. 
     In some embodiments, the electronic device  10  may be communicatively coupled to another electronic device that includes a display. For example, the electronic device  10  may include a digital media player and entertainment console that may be used to receive content, such as digital video data, from a number of sources and stream the content via a television. For instance, in one or more embodiments, the electronic device  10  may be an Apple TV® console available from Apple Inc. 
     With the foregoing in mind,  FIG. 7  is a graph  50  depicting normalized optical response over time of a transition from green 0 to green 255 at 2 nits (i.e., at 2 candelas per square meter) of the display  18 . The graph also includes a line  52  showing the normalized optical response of various frames. As discussed above, in some instances when pixels change from one setting to another (e.g., a change in color), the content displayed on some of the pixels of the display  18  may initially differ from settings at which the content should be displayed. For example, as illustrated, the normalized optical responses of a first frame  54 , second frame  56 , and third frame  58  are lower than that of a fourth frame  60  and subsequent frames  62 . In other words, when some pixels of the display  18  transition from green 0 to green 255, green 255 is not displayed until the fourth frame  60 . Moreover, while the data shown in  FIG. 7  was recorded at a brightness of 2 nits, it should be noted that dimmed frames (e.g., the first, second, and third frames  54 ,  56 ,  58 ) may occur at other brightness settings of the display  18  (e.g., a brightness lower than 2 nits or greater than 2 nits, such as 8 nits). 
     As another example of this phenomenon,  FIG. 8  shows a graph  70  of luminance over time for a transition from green 0 to green 127. The graph  70  also includes values of the amount of green that is supposed to be displayed at a given time. That is, these values of the amount of green correspond to the images, data, or instructions from processor  12  or memory  14  that are shown on the display  18 . As illustrated, during the transition from green 0 to green 127, a first frame  72 , second frame  74 , and third frame  76  have a luminance that is lower than the luminance of a fourth frame  78 . The data associated with the fourth frame  78  (and subsequent frames  79 ) show green 127 being displayed, while the data associated with the first frame  72 , second frame  74 , and third frame  76  show a value of green that is less than green 127. 
     With the discussion of  FIG. 7  and  FIG. 8  in mind,  FIG. 9  is a graph  90  of luminance over time of a transition from green 0 to green 127 that includes a first frame  92  that has an elevated green value. The elevated green value is achieved via implementation of the overdrive  30 . In other words, when pixels of the display  18  are to transition from green 0 to green 127, the execution of the overdrive  30  may cause one or more of the processors  12  (e.g., a graphics processing unit (GPU)) to instruct the display  18  to show a value of green (e.g., green 147) that is higher than a target value (i.e., green 127). As illustrated, the overdrive  30  takes effect for the first frame  92 . That is, the display  18  is instructed to display green 147 for one frame. Subsequent frames, such second frame  94  and subsequent frames  96 , are instructed to display the target value of green 127. As can be seen from comparing graph  70  and graph  90  to one another, execution of the overdrive  30  results in a first frame (e.g., frame  92 ) that is closer to green 127 than the first frame  72  of graph  70 . In other words, by providing a compensated pixel value (e.g., an overdrive pixel value that is higher than the target pixel value and/or an underdrive pixel value that is lower than the target pixel value), the transition speed from the first pixel value to the target pixel value is increased, causing the display  18  to have a first frame that has color settings that are more similar to the target values. 
     Before proceeding a more detailed discussion of the overdrive  30 , it should be noted that while  FIGS. 7-9  related to values of green, this is only one example. Indeed, the overdrive  30  is not limited to values of green. That is, the overdrive  30  may be utilized to modify values of red, green, blue, and any combination thereof. Moreover, it should be understood that the discussion below relating to  FIGS. 10-12  is provided as an overview of various processes that may be performed by the one or more processors  12  during execution of the overdrive  30 . A more detailed discussion relating to the processes and overdrive  30  is provided thereafter. 
       FIG. 10  is a data flow chart of a process  98  for generating a first set of overdrive look-up tables. The overdrive look-up tables may be used to determine overdrive pixel values that may be used to increase transition speed to the target pixel value. As used herein, and unless indicated otherwise, “current frame” refers to a frame to be displayed, and “previous frame” refers to the frame directly preceding the current frame. Keeping this in mind, current frame data  100  may include information regarding display settings and content to be shown on the display  18 . For example, the current frame data  100  may include RGB color data, brightness settings, and temperature information. The current frame data  100  may be sent to a frame buffer  102 . The frame buffer  102 , which may also receive previous frame data  104 , may determine region(s)  106  that differ between the current frame and the previous frame. For example, the region(s)  106  may be one or more regions of pixels of the display  18  that have different settings defined by the current frame data  100  and the previous frame data  104 . 
     The current frame data  100  and previous frame data  104  may be utilized by a look-up table generator  108 , which may generate a set of overdrive look-up tables  110  based on the current frame data  100  and the previous frame data  104 . The overdrive look-up tables  110 , which are discussed in more detail below, include information regarding RGB color settings, brightness settings, and temperature values for each pixel of the display  18 . For example, in some embodiments, the first set of overdrive look-up tables  110  may include a look-up table for each color (e.g., red, green, and blue), a screen brightness (i.e., luminance), and temperature, and the overdrive look-up tables  110  may include values of settings are utilized during execution of the overdrive  30 . More detail regarding the first set of overdrive look-up tables  110  is provided below. 
     As will be discussed in more detail below, in some embodiments, it may be beneficial to use more than one set of overdrive tables to determine the overdrive. For example, two or more sets of overdrive tables may be used to determine overdrive values for pixel values.  FIG. 11  is a data flow chart of a process  112  for generating a second set of overdrive look-up tables. During the process  112 , the current frame data  100 , previous frame data  104 , and first set of overdrive look-up tables  110  may be sent to the look-up table generator  108 . The look-up table generator  108  may then generate a second set of overdrive look-up tables  114  based on the current frame data  100 , previous frame data  104 , and the first set of overdrive look-up tables  110 . Similar to the first set of overdrive look-up tables  110 , the second set of overdrive look-up tables includes information regarding display settings such as RGB color settings, brightness settings, and temperature values. 
       FIG. 12  is a data flow chart of a process  116  for generating an overdriven current frame. The current frame data  100 , previous frame data  104 , first set of overdrive look-up tables  110 , and second set of overdrive look-up tables  114  may be utilized by an interpolation module  118 , which may generate an overdriven current frame  120 . For example, the interpolation module may perform linear interpolations of the current frame data  100  and/or previous frame data  104  using the first set of overdrive look-up tables  110  and, in some embodiment, the second set of overdrive look-up tables  114 . The overdriven current frame  120  is a frame that is generated upon execution of the overdrive  30 . That is, the overdriven current frame  120  is a frame that may be commanded to color and/or brightness settings that differ from the settings associated with the current frame. For instance, and as discussed above, frames generated via implementation of the overdrive  30  may have elevated color values compared to color values associated with the current frame. For instance, the current frame may call for green 127, but the overdriven current frame  120  may call for green 147 to be displayed so that the luminance of the display  18  of the first frame displayed is closer to green 127. 
     It should be noted that the overdrive  30  and the processes  98 ,  112 , and  116  may be performed solely on pixels associated with the region(s)  106 . In other words, in some embodiments, the overdrive  30  may be applied to only pixels that differ between the current frame and the previous frame. This may result in additional processing efficiencies, as unchanged pixels are not included in the overdrive calculation and processing. 
     Additionally, other calculations may be performed during the processes  98 ,  112 , and  116 . For example, the current frame data  100  and previous frame data  104  may be linearized. The current frame data  100  and previous frame data  104  may also be multiplied by a matrix (e.g., a 3×3 matrix) to get corresponding values (e.g., RGB color values) that filter out environmental lighting. 
       FIG. 13  is a flow chart of a method  130  for implementing the overdrive  30 . The method  130  may be performed by the one or more processors  12  or other circuitry. Furthermore, while the method  130  describes steps in a certain order, it should be noted that the method  130  may be performed in an order that differs from the order described below. 
     At block  132 , a pre-transition value, l, may be determined based on the previous frame data  104 . For example, the value of l may be defined in the previous frame data  104 . For instance, in a transition from green 0 to green 200, l may be defined as green 0. 
     At block  134 , a post-transition value, h, may be determined based on the current frame data  100 . The value of h may be greater than or lower than the value of l. For example, the value of h may be defined by the current frame data  100 . Continuing with the example of a transition from green 0 to green 200, the value of h may be defined as green 200. 
     At block  136 , the first set of overdrive look-up tables  110  may be generated. Many calculations may be undertaken in the generation of the overdrive look-up tables  110 . For example, luminance values associated with l, h, and values greater than l (when l is greater than h) and/or values that are lower than l (when l is lower than h) may be determined, and such values may be stored in the overdrive look-up tables  110 . For instance, the luminance values may be luminance values at different frames for any value greater than l and/or lower than l. Continuing with the example of a transition from green 0 to green 200, the luminance of the first and second frames of displaying green 1 to green 255 may be determined and stored in the overdrive look-up tables  110 . In some embodiments, the overdrive look-up tables  110  may not include each luminance value for values between l and h. Additionally, the overdrive look-up tables  110  may be generated for each color (e.g., red, green, and blue), various brightness levels of the display  18 , and temperature. 
     At block  138 , the first and second frame luminance values for h may be determined. This determination may be made by looking up luminance values in the overdrive look-up tables  110 . 
     At block  140 , a preliminary overdrive value, p, may be determined based on the second frame luminance value of h. More specifically, the value of p is such that the first frame luminance associated with p is approximately equal to the second frame luminance associated with h. In other words, p may be determined by using the overdrive look-up tables  110  to find which value that is greater than h has a first frame luminance that is approximately equal to the second frame luminance associated with h. 
     At block  142 , the second set of overdrive look-up tables  114  may be generated. The overdrive look-up tables  114  may also include luminance values for a transition from l to p to h (i.e., the first frame corresponds to p and the second frame corresponds to h. In other words, the overdrive look-up tables  114  may include values relating to luminance associated with each of l, p, h, or a combination thereof. The overdrive look-up tables  114  may also be generated for each color (e.g., red, green, and blue), various brightness levels of the display  18 , and temperature. 
     At block  144 , a luminance of a second frame for a transition from l to p to h may be determined. In other words, in a transition from a pre-transition from associated with l to a first frame with value p and a second transition from the first frame to a second frame with value h, a luminance of the display  18  may be determined. This determination may be made by finding the luminance value in the overdrive look-up tables  114 . 
     At block  146 , an overdrive value, o, may be determined based on the second frame luminance value associated with the transition from l to p to h. More specifically, the value of o is such that the first frame luminance of o is approximately equal to the second frame luminance value of o. In other words, o may be determined by using the overdrive look-up tables  114  to find which value that is greater than p has a first frame luminance that is approximately equal to the second frame luminance of h. 
     At block  148 , a transition from l to o to h may be implemented. For example, the one or more processors  12  may send a command that causes pixels of the display  18  to switch from having display settings with value l to value o in the transition from a pre-transition frame to a first frame, and from having display settings with value o to settings with value h in the transition from the first frame to the second frame. In such a scenario, o may be considered a compensated value in the sense that by implementing a transitions from l to o to h, display settings with value o associated with a first frame may appear more closely to display settings associated with h at a subsequent frame. 
     Keeping the discussion of  FIGS. 10-13  in mind,  FIGS. 14-17  are provided to further illustrate how the overdrive  30  may be performed. More specifically,  FIGS. 14-17  illustrate an example of a transition from a gray level of 0 (“G0”) to a gray level of 159 (“G159”). In other words, in the example discussed in relation to  FIGS. 14-17 , G0 is l, and G159 is h. Gray levels, which refer to grayscale values associated with color settings, may be determined based on data such as the current frame data  100  and previous frame data  104 . For instance, the grayscale values may be based on linearized current frame data  100  and the previous frame data  104 . It should also be noted that grayscale values may be determined for each pixel as a whole (i.e., as a combination of RGB color settings), or for each color component of a pixel (e.g., one grayscale value for a red value, one grayscale value of the green value, and one grayscale value for a blue value. 
       FIG. 14  is a graph  160  of target gray values and normalized luminance at a brightness of 4 nits. A first line  162  illustrates luminance values associated with the second frame in the transition from G0 to various gray values. A point  164  along the first line  162  corresponds to a luminance value associated with G159 at the second frame. To analogize the transition using the format discussed above, the transition is G0 to another gray level, wherein the pre-transition frame has a gray level of G0, and all subsequent frames are commanded to have a constant gray level. For example, the point  164  is indicative of a luminance associated with the second frame in a transition from G0 to G159. 
     The graph also include a second line  166  that shows luminance values associated with the first frame in a transition from G0 to other gray levels. For instance, a point  168  corresponds to a luminance associated with the first frame in a transition from G0 to G159, while another point  170  corresponds to a luminance associated with the first frame in a transition from G0 to G210. As illustrated, the luminance associated with the first frame in a transition from G0 to G210 is equal to the luminance associated with the second frame in a transition from G0 to G159. In other words, G210 is p. 
       FIG. 15  includes graphs  180  and  182 , which respectively show relative luminance values associated with transitions from G0 to G159 and G0 to G210. A second frame  184  associated with the transition from G0 to G159 and a first frame  186  associated with a transition from G0 to G210 respectively correspond to the points  164  and  166  of  FIG. 14 . A luminance  188  associated with the second frame  184  and a luminance  190  associated with the first frame  186  are also shown. As illustrated, the luminance  188  and the luminance  190  are equivalent. 
       FIGS. 14 and 15  are provided to graphically show the relationship between l, p, and h. As noted above, the value of p can be determined based on values stored in the first set of overdrive look-up tables  110 . As also described above, the values stored in the first set of overdrive look-up tables  110  (as well as the second set of overdrive look-up tables  114 ) may be determined for each color component (e.g., red, green, and blue), brightness, and temperature. 
       FIG. 16  is a graph  192  illustrating luminance values of a transition from G0 to G159 in which the first frame is commanded to display G210. In other words,  FIG. 16  shows a transition from G0 at a pre-transition frame to G210 at a first frame to G159 at a second and subsequent frames. The graph  192  is also representative of a transition of l to p to h for a transition from G0 to G159, with G210 being p. As can be seen from comparing the graph  192  to graph  180 , there is a higher luminance associated with the first frame in the G0 to G210 to G159 transition than in the transition from G0 to G159. Additionally, as described above, the second set of overdrive look-up tables  114  may be determined based on the first set of overdrive look-up tables  110 , which may include luminance values associated with various frame settings, such as color, brightness, and temperature. 
       FIG. 17  pertains to the overdrive value, o. More specifically,  FIG. 17  illustrates graphs  200 ,  202 , and  204 , which each show relative luminance levels associated with frames in three different transitions. Graph  200  shows a transition from G0 to G210 at a first frame  205  and to G159 at a second frame  206  and subsequent frames. Graph  202  shows a transition from G0 to G220 at a first frame  208  and subsequent frames. Graph  204  shows a transition from G0 to G220 at a first frame  212  and to G159 at a second frame  214  and subsequent frames. 
     As described above, a luminance value associated with the second frame  206  may be determined by accessing the first set of overdrive look-up tables  110 . As also described above, the second set of overdrive look-up tables  114  may be determined based on the current frame data  100 , previous frame data  104 , and the first set of overdrive look-up tables  110 . Based on information in the second set of overdrive look-up tables  114 , the overdrive value o may be determined. For instance, in the present example in which l is G0, p is G210, and h is G159, o is G220. More specifically, a luminance associated with the second frame  206  in a transition from G0 to G210 to G159 may be determined to be equal to a luminance associated with the first frame  208  in a transition from G0 to G220 by utilizing the second set of overdrive look-up tables  114 . 
     With o having been determined, implementation of the overdrive  30  may cause a transition of pixels of the display  18  from a pre-transition frame (e.g., a previous frame) to a first frame (e.g., overdriven current frame  120 ) that results in content that is brighter the content would be without implementation of the overdrive. In the present example, implementation of the overdrive, as shown by the graph  204 , results in  212  first frame that is overdrive to G220 (i.e., o), and the second frame  214  and subsequent frames are commanded to display at G159. As can be seen from comparing graph  210  to graph  182 , implementation of the overdrive  30  causes the first frame  212  to have a higher luminance than in the first frame  186  in which the overdrive  30  is not utilized. 
     As has been discussed above, the overdrive  30  may cause the first frame in a transition to be commanded to have settings that differ from the final settings associated with the transition. More specifically, the overdrive  30  may cause a frame with overdrive value o to be displayed. For instance, in the example discussed with regard to  FIGS. 14-17 , the overdrive  30  causes the first frame in a transition from G0 to G159 to have a gray level of G220. However, it should be noted that the overdrive  30  may cause the display  18  to have a first frame with displayed with the values of preliminary overdrive value p. For instance, in the previous example, the value of p is G210. Whether or not the overdrive  30  results in pixels of the display  18  to have preliminary overdrive value p or overdrive value o may be based on the brightness of the display  18 . For example, at brightness settings that result in a luminance of the display  18  that is 5 nits or less, implementation of the overdrive  30  may result in pixels of the display  18  to be overdriven to value o at the first frame, while at brightness settings that result in a luminance of the display  18  that is greater than 5 nits, implementation of the overdrive  39  may result in pixels of the display  18  to be overdriven to value p at the first frame. 
     Moreover, while the previous examples discuss a single frame that is modified as a result of implementation of the overdrive  30 , in other embodiments, multiple frames may be modified via implementation of the overdrive  30 . As described below, a multiple frame overdrive is achieved by generating and utilizing an additional set of overdrive look-up tables. 
       FIG. 18  is a data flow chart of a process  240  for generating a third set of overdrive look-up tables  242 . During the process  240 , the current frame data  100 , previous frame data  104 , and next frame data  244  may be sent to the look-up table generator  108 . The next frame data  244  is data associated with the frame that occurs directly after the current frame, and the next frame data  244  may include information that is of the same nature as the previous frame data  104  and current frame data  100 . The look-up table generator  108  may generate the third set of overdrive look-up tables  242  based on the current frame data  100 , previous frame data  104 , and the first set of overdrive look-up tables  110 . Similar to the first set of overdrive look-up tables  110  and the second set of overdrive look-up tables  114 , the third set of overdrive look-up tables  242  includes information regarding display settings such as RGB color settings, brightness settings, and temperature values. For example, the third set of overdrive look-up tables  242  may include an equivalent value e, which is described below in more detail. Additionally, and as described in more detail with regard to  FIG. 20  and  FIG. 21 , the third set of overdrive look-up tables  242  may also be generated based on information provided in the first set of overdrive look-up tables  110  and the second set of overdrive look-up tables  114 . 
       FIG. 19  is a data flow chart of a process  248  for generating an overdriven next frame. The overdriven next frame refers to a frame after the current frame that has been modified via implementation of the overdrive  30 . In other words, the overdriven next frame includes overdriven next frame data  250  that may include information similar the next frame data  244  that has been modified due to execution of the overdrive  30 . For example, the overdriven next frame data  150  may include RGB color settings and luminance settings that differ from RGB color settings and luminance settings of the next frame data  244  due to execution of the overdrive  30 . 
       FIG. 20  is a flow chart of a method  270  for implementing the overdrive  30  on multiple frames. The method  270  may be performed by the one of more processors  12 . Furthermore, while the method  270  describes steps in a certain order, it should be noted that the method  270  may be performed in an order that differs from the order described below. Additionally, as described below, execution of the method  270  includes several steps that are carried out to implement the overdrive  30  on single frame. 
     For instance, at block  272 , the pre-transition value l may be determined based on the previous frame data  104 . The value of l may be defined by the previous frame data  104 . For example, in a transition from a gray level of 0 (i.e., G0) to a gray level of 127 (i.e., G127), the value of l may be defined as G0 in the previous frame data  104 . 
     At block  174 , the post-transition value h may be determined. The value of h may be determined based on information stored in the current frame data  100 . Continuing with the example of a transition from G0 to G127, the value of h may be defined as G127. 
     At block  276 , the overdrive value o may be determined as described above with relation to  FIG. 13 . Determination of the overdrive value o may include generating and utilizing the first and second sets of overdrive look-up tables  110 ,  114  as well as the preliminary overdrive value p. Continuing with the example of a transition from G0 to G127, the value of o may be defined as G145. As additionally described above, the overdriven current frame data  120  may be used to cause one or more pixels of the display  18  to be commanded to have display settings that include the overdrive value o. For instance, instead of directly transitioning from G0 to G127, the transition may be G0 to G145 to G127. 
     At block  278 , the third set of overdrive look-up tables  242  may be generated. As described above, the third set of overdrive look-up tables  242  may be generated based on the current frame data  100 , next frame data  244 , previous frame data  104 , and first and second sets of overdrive look-up tables  110 ,  114 . To continue with the example of a transition from G0 to G127, the next frame data  244  may include information about the frame after the current frame (i.e., two frames after the pre-transition frame). For instance, in this particular example, the next frame data  244  may include the post-transition value l. That is, the previous frame data  104  is associated with a frame to be displayed at G0, while the current frame data  100  and next frame data  244  may both be associated with frames that are to be displayed at G127. 
     The third set of overdrive look-up tables  242  may include information regarding potential values of equivalent value e. The equivalent value e refers to a gray level for a first frame in a transition from e to h, where e is greater than l. The value of e is determined based on a luminance associated with the second frame in a transition from l to o to h. In other words, the third set of overdrive look-up tables may include luminance values associated a frame having value h in a transition from one frame to another frame having value h. Continuing with the example of a transition from G0 to G127, the transition from l to o to h would be G0 to G145 to G127, where G0 is associated with a pre-transition frame, G145 is associated with the overdriven current frame, and G127 is associated with the next frame. In this case, the next frame is the second frame. Accordingly, the value of e may be determined based on a luminance associated with the frame in which a portion of the display  18  is commanded to have a value of G127, and the value of e may be determined by utilized the third set of overdrive look-up tables  242 . 
     At block  280 , a luminance associated with the second frame in a transition from l to o to h may be determined. In other words, the luminance associated with the second frame in a transition from a pre-transition frame to an overdriven frame to the second frame may be determined. 
     At block  282 , the value of e may be determined based on the luminance associated with the second frame in the transition from l to o to h. In particular, the value of e may be determined by utilizing the third set of overdrive look-up tables  242  to finding a luminance value approximately equivalent to the luminance value determined at block  280  that is associated with a frame having value h in a transition from e to h. Continuing with the example of a transition from G0 to G127, a luminance value associated with a frame having value h in a transition from l to o to h may be determined at block  280 . The luminance value may be used to find a value of e that is stored in the third set of overdrive look-up tables  242 , where a frame having value h in a transition from e to h has a luminance value approximately equal to the luminance value determined at block  280 . In this particular example, the value of e may be G30. 
     At block  284 , a next frame overdrive value n may be determined. The next frame overdrive value n is a value that is stored in the overdriven next frame data  250  such that when the data is utilized, the frame directly after the overdriven current frame is also overdriven. The value of n may be determined by substituting l with e and finding an overdrive value for a transition from e to h. In other words, whereas the overdrive value o is determined based on a transition from l to h, the next frame overdrive value n may be determined in the same way as o for a transition from e to h. Continuing with the example of a transition from G0 to G127 with e being G30, the next frame overdrive value n would be determined for a transition from G30 to G127. Such a determination may be made based on the information stored in the first, second, and third sets of overdrive look-up tables  110 ,  114 ,  242 . For instance, a preliminary overdrive value may be determined similarly to how p is determined, and the value n may be determined based on the determination of the preliminary overdrive value. 
     At block  286 , a command to implement the overdriven current frame and overdriven next frame may be sent. In other words, a transition from l to o to n to h may be implemented. For example, the one or more processors  12  may send a command that causes pixels of the display  18  to switch from having display settings with value l to value o in the transition from a pre-transition frame to a first frame, from value o to value n in a transition from the first frame to a second frame, and from value n to value h in a transition from the second frame to the third frame. It should also be noted that in some cases in which a preliminary overdrive value associated with n is determined, such a preliminary overdrive value may be used instead of n. 
       FIG. 21  is provided to illustrate how e may be determined. More specifically,  FIG. 21  includes graphs  290 ,  292 ,  294 . Each of the graphs  290 ,  292 ,  294  shows luminance values with respect to grey values of frames in various transitions. Graph  290  shows a transition from G0 to G127. Graph  292  shows a transition from G0 to G145 to G127, and graph  294  shows a transition from G30 to G127. 
     As described above in the example described in relation to  FIG. 20 , graph  290  shows a transition that does not include any overdriven frames. For instance, starting from G0, a first frame  296  and a second frame  298  are commanded to be displayed at a value of G127. However, an overdrive value o may be determined for the transition from G0 to G127 and used to overdrive the first frame  296 . Indeed, graph  292  shows the same transition as graph  290  except that a first frame  300  is overdriven to be displayed at a value of G145. A second frame  302  (and subsequent frames) are to be displayed at G127. 
     As described above, the value of e may be determined based on a luminance associated with the second frame  302 . The graph  294  includes a first frame  304  that has a luminance value approximately equivalent to the luminance value associated with the second frame  302 . In others, a transition from G30, which is e in this case, to G127 results in a luminance similar to the luminance associated with the last frame in a transition from G0 to G145 to G127. As described above, the equivalent value e may be used in the determination of the next frame overdrive value n, which may be utilized to cause multiple frames to be overdriven. 
     While the overdrive  30  is described as software that is executed via the one or more processors  12 , in other embodiments, the overdrive  30  may be implemented via hardware. For example, in other embodiments, the overdrive  30  may be implemented via a system on a chip. 
     Additionally, the overdrive  30  may be used to “underdrive” frames of content. For example, in a transition from a frame with pre-transition settings associated with a first luminance to a second frame with post-transition settings associated with a second luminance that is less than the first luminance, the overdrive  30  may be employed to determine an underdrive value associated with the second frame. In such an example, the second frame may be displayed using the underdrive value. That is, in such an example, the second frame may be displayed using a compensated value such that the output of the display  18  during the second frame more closely resembles a subsequent frame associated with the second luminance. 
     The specific embodiments described above have been shown by way of example, and it should be understood that these embodiments may be susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms. It should be further understood that the claims are not intended to be limited to the particular forms disclosed, but rather to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. 
     The techniques presented and claimed herein are referenced and applied to material objects and concrete examples of a practical nature that demonstrably improve the present technical field and, as such, are not abstract, intangible or purely theoretical. Further, if any claims appended to the end of this specification contain one or more elements designated as “means for [perform]ing [a function] . . . ” or “step for [perform]ing [a function] . . . ”, it is intended that such elements are to be interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f). However, for any claims containing elements designated in any other manner, it is intended that such elements are not to be interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f).

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20180501
Publication Date: 20200519
Grant Date: 20200519
Priority Date: 20170831
Inventors: TANG, Yingying
WANG, CHAOHAO
ZHANG, SHENG
HOU, YUNHUI
SACCHETTO, PAOLO
AFLATOONI, KOOROSH
AVKAROGULLARI, GOKHAN
COTE, GUY
CHAPPALLI, MAHESH B.
HOLLAND, PETER F.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G09G3/36", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/3208", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/0252", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/0666", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2340/16", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/2003", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2340/16", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2310/0248", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G5/06", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/0252", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/36", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/2092", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2310/0248", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/0666", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2340/16", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/0252", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/2003", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/36", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G5/06", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/2092", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/3208", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/2003", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2310/0248", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/3208", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 65436082