PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-11856438-B2
Application Number: US-202117593279-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Measurement gap timing for new radio dual connectivity

Abstract:
A user equipment (UE) is configured to establish a network connection including a new radio (NR)-NR dual connectivity band combination wherein a primary cell (PCell) of a primary cell group (PCG) and a primary secondary cell (PSCell) of a secondary cell group (SCG) both operate on frequency range 1 (FR1) and wherein at least one cell of either the PCG or the SCG operates on frequency range 2 (FR2). The UE receives a measurement gap timing advance parameter, selects one subframe from multiple serving cell subframes and determines a starting point for a configured per-frequency range (FR) measurement gap based on the measurement gap timing advance parameter and the selected subframe.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A processor of a user equipment (UE) configured to perform operations comprising:
 establishing a network connection, the network connection including a new radio (NR)-NR dual connectivity band combination wherein a primary cell (PCell) of a primary cell group (PCG) and a primary secondary cell (PSCell) of a secondary cell group (SCG) both operate on frequency range 1 (FR1) and wherein at least one cell of either the PCG or the SCG operates on frequency range 2 (FR2); 
 receiving a measurement gap timing advance parameter; 
 selecting one subframe from multiple serving cell subframes; and 
 determining a starting point for a configured per-frequency range (FR) measurement gap based on the measurement gap timing advance parameter and the selected subframe. 
 
     
     
       2. The processor of  claim 1 , wherein the PCG provides one or more serving component carriers operating on FR1 including a primary component carrier (PCC) and wherein the SCG provides one or more serving component carriers operating on FR1 including a primary secondary component carrier (PSCC) and at least one SCC operating on FR2. 
     
     
       3. The processor of  claim 1 , wherein the PCG provides one or more serving component carriers operating on FR1 including a primary component carrier (PCC) and at least one secondary component carriers (SCC) operating on FR2 and wherein the SCG provides one or more serving component carriers operating on FR1 including a primary secondary component carrier (PSCC). 
     
     
       4. The processor of  claim 3 , wherein the configured per-FR measurement gap is for FR1,
 wherein the starting point is an end of a latest FR1 serving cell subframe occurring immediately before the configured per-FR measurement gap, and 
 wherein the multiple serving cell subframes include FR1 serving cell subframes from both the PCG and the SCG. 
 
     
     
       5. The processor of  claim 3 , wherein the configured per-FR measurement gap is for FR1,
 wherein the starting point is an end of a latest PCG FR1 serving cell subframe occurring immediately before the configured per-FR measurement gap, and 
 wherein the multiple serving cell subframes include FR1 serving cell subframes from the PCG. 
 
     
     
       6. The processor of  claim 3 , wherein the configured per-FR measurement gap is for FR2,
 wherein the starting point is an end of a latest PCG FR2 serving cell subframe occurring immediately before the configured per-FR measurement gap, and 
 wherein the multiple serving cell subframes only include FR2 serving cell subframes from the PCG. 
 
     
     
       7. The processor of  claim 1 , wherein the PCG provides one or more serving component carriers operating on FR1 including a primary component carrier (PCC) and at least one secondary component carrier (SCC) operating on FR2 and wherein the SCG provides one or more serving component carriers operating on FR1 including a primary secondary component carrier (PSCC) and at least one SCC operating on FR2. 
     
     
       8. The processor of  claim 7 , wherein the configured per-FR measurement gap is for FR1,
 wherein the starting point is an end of a latest FR1 serving cell subframe occurring immediately before the configured per-FR measurement gap, and 
 wherein the multiple serving cell subframes include FR1 serving cell subframes from both the PCG and the SCG. 
 
     
     
       9. The processor of  claim 7 , wherein the configured per-FR measurement gap is for FR2,
 wherein the starting point is an end of a latest FR2 serving cell subframe occurring immediately before the configured per-FR measurement gap, and 
 wherein the multiple serving cell subframes include FR2 serving cell subframes from both the PCG and the SCG. 
 
     
     
       10. The processor of  claim 7 , wherein the configured per-FR measurement gap is for FR1,
 wherein the starting point is an end of a latest PCG FR1 serving cell subframe occurring immediately before the configured per-FR measurement gap, and 
 wherein the multiple serving cell subframes include FR1 serving cell subframes from the PCG. 
 
     
     
       11. The processor of  claim 7 , wherein the configured per-FR measurement gap is for FR2,
 wherein the starting point is an end of a latest PCG FR2 serving cell subframe occurring immediately before the configured per-FR measurement gap, and 
 wherein the multiple serving cell subframes only include FR2 serving cell subframes from the PCG. 
 
     
     
       12. The processor of  claim 7 , wherein the configured per-FR measurement gap is for FR2,
 wherein the starting point is a end of a latest SCG FR2 serving cell subframe occurring immediately before the configured per-FR measurement gap, and 
 wherein the multiple serving cell subframes only include FR2 serving cell subframes from the SCG. 
 
     
     
       13. A user equipment (UE), comprising:
 a transceiver configured to communicate with a fifth generation (5G) network; and 
 a processor communicatively coupled to the transceiver and configured to perform operations comprising: 
 establishing a network connection, the network connection including a new radio (NR)-NR dual connectivity band combination wherein a primary cell (PCell) of a primary cell group (PCG) and a primary secondary cell (PSCell) of a secondary cell group (SCG) both operate on frequency range 1 (FR1) and wherein at least one cell of either the PCG or the SCG operates on frequency range 2 (FR2); 
 receiving a measurement gap timing advance parameter; 
 selecting one subframe from multiple serving cell subframes; and 
 determining a starting point for a configured per-frequency range (FR) measurement gap based on the measurement gap timing advance parameter and the selected subframe. 
 
     
     
       14. The UL of  claim 13 , wherein the PCG provides one or more serving component carriers operating on FR1 including a primary component carrier (PCC) and wherein the SCG provides one or more serving component carriers operating on FR1 including a primary secondary component carrier (PSCC) and at least one SCC operating on FR2. 
     
     
       15. The UE of  claim 13 , wherein the PCG provides one or more serving component carriers operation on FR1 including a primary component carrier (PCC) and at least one secondary component carriers (SCC) operating on FR2 and wherein the SCG provides one or more serving component carriers operating on FR1 including a primary secondary component carrier (PSCC). 
     
     
       16. The UE of  claim 13 , wherein the PCG provides one or inure serving component carriers operating on FR1 including a primary component carrier (PCC) and at least one secondary component carrier (SCC) operating on FR2 and wherein the SCG provides one or more serving component carriers operating on FR1 including a primary secondary component carrier (PSCC) and at least one SCC operating on FR2. 
     
     
       17. A processor of a user equipment (UE) configured to perform operations comprising:
 establishing a network connection, the network connection including a new radio (NR)-NR dual connectivity band combination wherein a primary cell (PCell) of a primary cell group (PCG) and a primary secondary cell (PSCell) of a secondary cell group (SCG) both operate on frequency range 1 (FR1) and wherein at least one cell of either the PCG or the SCG operates on frequency range 2 (FR2); 
 receiving an indication from the network of a serving cell or cell group that is to be used as a reference for determining a per-FR measurement gap starting point; and 
 selecting the per-FR starting point. 
 
     
     
       18. The processor of  claim 17 , wherein the PCG provides one or more serving component carriers operating on FR1 including a primary component carrier (PCC), wherein the SCG provides one or more serving component carriers operating on FR1 including a primary secondary component carrier (PSCC) and at least one SCC operating on FR2, and wherein the indication is received via one of i) radio resource control (RRC) signaling, ii) a combination RRC signaling and downlink control information (DCI) or HD a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) in a SCell activation command. 
     
     
       19. The processor of  claim 17 , wherein the PCG provides one or more serving component carriers operation on FR1 including a primary component carrier (PCC) and at least one secondary component carriers (SCC) operating on FR2, wherein the SCG provides one or more serving component carriers operating on FR1 including a primary secondary component carrier (PSCC), wherein the indication is received via one of i) radio resource control (RRC) signaling, ii) a combination RRC signaling and downlink control information (DCI) or iii) a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) in a SCell activation command. 
     
     
       20. The processor of  claim 17 , wherein the PCG provides one or more serving component carriers operating on FR1 including a primary component carrier (PCC) and at least one secondary component carrier (SCC) operating on FR2, wherein the SCG provides one or more serving component carriers operating on FR1 including a primary secondary component carrier (PSCC) and at least one SCC operating on FR2, and wherein the indication is received via one of i) radio resource control (RRC) signaling, ii) a combination RRC signaling and downlink control information (DCI) or iii) a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) in a SCell activation command.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     A user equipment (UE) may connect to a network that supports dual connectivity (DC) to multiple nodes that each provide 5G new radio (NR) access (NR-NR DC). Some band combinations for NR-NR DC may result in frequency range 1 (FR1) and/or frequency range 2 (FR2) being used by both the primary cell group (PCG) and the secondary cell group (SCG). There is a need for mechanisms that enable the UE to determine a measurement gap starting point for a frequency range specific measurement gap when the corresponding frequency range (e.g., FR1 and/or FR2) is used by both the PCG and the SCG. 
     SUMMARY 
     Some exemplary embodiments are related to a processor of a user equipment (UE) configured to perform operations. The operations include establishing a network connection, the network connection including a new radio (NR)-NR dual connectivity band combination wherein a primary cell (PCell) of a primary cell group (PCG) and a primary secondary cell (PSCell) of a secondary cell group (SCG) both operate on frequency range 1 (FR1) and wherein at least one cell of either the PCG or the SCG operates on frequency range 2 (FR2), receiving a measurement gap timing advance parameter, selecting one subframe from multiple serving cell subframes and determining a starting point for a configured per-frequency range (FR) measurement gap based on the measurement gap timing advance parameter and the selected subframe. 
     Other exemplary embodiments are related to user equipment (UE) including a transceiver configured to communicate with a fifth generation (5G) network and a processor communicatively coupled to the transceiver and configured to perform operations. The operations include establishing a network connection, the network connection including a new radio (NR)-NR dual connectivity band combination wherein a primary cell (PCell) of a primary cell group (PCG) and a primary secondary cell (PSCell) of a secondary cell group (SCG) both operate on frequency range 1 (FR1) and wherein at least one cell of either the PCG or the SCG operates on frequency range 2 (FR2), receiving a measurement gap timing advance parameter, selecting one subframe from multiple serving cell subframes and determining a starting point for a configured per-frequency range (FR) measurement gap based on the measurement gap timing advance parameter and the selected subframe. 
     Still further exemplary embodiments are related to a processor of a user equipment (UE) configured to perform operations. The operations include establishing a network connection, the network connection including a new radio (NR)-NR dual connectivity band combination wherein a primary cell (PCell) of a primary cell group (PCG) and a primary secondary cell (PSCell) of a secondary cell group (SCG) both operate on frequency range 1 (FR1) and wherein at least one cell of either the PCG or the SCG operates on frequency range 2 (FR2), receiving an indication from the network of a serving cell or cell group that is to be used as a reference for determining a per-FR measurement gap starting point and selecting the per-FR starting point. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    shows an exemplary network arrangement according to various exemplary embodiments. 
         FIG.  2    shows an exemplary user equipment (UE) according to various exemplary embodiments. 
         FIG.  3    shows an exemplary new radio (NR)-NR dual-connectivity (DC) arrangement according to various exemplary embodiments. 
         FIG.  4    illustrates a per-FR measurement gap for NR-NR DC according to various exemplary embodiments. 
         FIG.  5    illustrates a per-FR measurement gap for NR-NR DC according to various exemplary embodiments. 
         FIG.  6    shows an exemplary NR-NR DC arrangement according to various exemplary embodiments. 
         FIG.  7    illustrates a per-FR measurement gap for NR-NR DC according to various exemplary embodiments. 
         FIG.  8    illustrates a per-FR measurement gap for NR-NR DC according to various exemplary embodiments. 
         FIG.  9    shows an exemplary NR-NR DC arrangement according to various exemplary embodiments. 
         FIG.  10    illustrates a per-FR measurement gap for NR-NR DC according to various exemplary embodiments. 
         FIG.  11    illustrates a per-FR measurement gap for NR-NR DC according to various exemplary embodiments. 
         FIG.  12    illustrates a per-FR measurement gap for NR-NR DC according to various exemplary embodiments. 
         FIG.  13    shows a signaling diagram for per-FR measurement gap configuration according to various exemplary embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The exemplary embodiments may be further understood with reference to the following description and the related appended drawings, wherein like elements are provided with the same reference numerals. The exemplary embodiments relate to a user equipment (UE) configured with dual connectivity (DC) to multiple nodes that each provide 5G new radio (NR) access (NR-NR DC). As will be described in more detail below, the exemplary embodiments further relate to band combinations for NR-NR DC where frequency range 1 (FR1) and/or frequency range 2 (FR2) is used by both the primary cell group (PCG) and the secondary cell group (SCG). The exemplary embodiments include mechanisms configured to enable the UE to determine a measurement gap starting point for a frequency range specific measurement gap when the corresponding frequency range (e.g., FR1 or FR2) is used by both the PCG and the SCG. 
     The exemplary embodiments are described with regard to a UE. However, reference to a UE is merely provided for illustrative purposes. The exemplary embodiments may be utilized with any electronic component equipped with hardware, software, and/or firmware configured to exchange information and data with the network. Therefore, the UE as described herein is used to represent any electronic component. 
     The exemplary embodiments are also described with regard to a 5G NR network that supports NR-NR DC. For example, the UE may be connected to a primary node (PN) and a secondary node (SN) that are connected to one another via a non-ideal backhaul. Those skilled in the art will understand that the PN may be one of multiple nodes that form the PCG and the SN may be one of multiple nodes that form the SCG. However, any reference to a particular type of RAN, type of DC or type of node (e.g., cell, base station, transmission reception point (TRP), etc.) is merely provided for illustrative purposes. The exemplary embodiments may apply to any appropriate type of multi-radio access technology (RAT) DC (MR-DC). 
     5G networks may deploy cells operating on a variety of different frequency bands. The exemplary embodiments relate to cells operating on FR1 and/or FR2. FR1 may include the frequency range of 410 megahertz (MHz) to 7125 MHZ and FR2 may include the frequency range 24250 MHz to 52600 MHZ. These ranges are defined in the third generation partnership (3GPP) technical specification (TS) 38.104. Those skilled in the art will understand FR1 and FR2 may be configured for different types of traffic and/or services. However, the type of traffic and/or service configured for each frequency range is beyond the scope of the exemplary embodiments. Instead, the exemplary embodiments relate to implementing a frequency range specific measurement gap when the corresponding frequency range (e.g., FR1 or FR2) is used by both the PCG and the SCG. 
     The exemplary embodiments are also described with regard to a measurement gap. Those skilled in the art will understand that the term “measurement gap” generally refers to a time duration during which the UE may collect measurement data corresponding to cells other than a currently configured serving cell. For example, while camped on a cell, the UE may be configured with a measurement gap during which the UE may tune away from the serving cell and scan for signals broadcast by other cells. The UE may collect measurement data based on signals received during the measurement gap. The measurement data collected by the UE may then be used by the UE and/or the network for a variety of different purposes including, but not limited to, cell selection, cell reselection, handover, carrier aggregation (CA), dual connectivity, radio resource management, etc. 
     During operation, the UE may be configured with a measurement gap pattern. To provide an example, consider a scenario in which a measurement gap pattern is configured with a measurement gap length of (Y) seconds and a repetition period of (X) seconds. Initially, a first measurement gap is triggered. The UE may tune its transceiver to one or more frequencies scanning for signals broadcast by surrounding cells for (Y) seconds. After the expiration of the measurement gap, the UE may tune back to its serving cell. A second measurement gap may be triggered (X) seconds after the first measurement gap. The UE may once again tune its transceiver to one or more frequencies scanning for signals broadcast by surrounding cells for (Y) seconds. The above example is merely provided as a general example of a measurement gap pattern and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments in any way. 
     The UE may support a per-FR measurement gap. For example, the UE may be configured with a FR1 specific measurement gap and a FR2 specific measurement gap. Some unconventional band combinations for NR-NR DC include FR1 and/or FR2 being used by both the PCG and the SCG. The exemplary embodiments enable the UE to determine a starting point for a per-FR measurement gap when an unconventional band combination for NR-NR DC is configured. As will be described below, the measurement gap starting point may be based on a subframe from one of the multiple component carriers (CCs). In addition, specific examples of these unconventional band combinations for NR-NR DC are described in more detail below. 
       FIG.  1    shows an exemplary network arrangement  100  according to various exemplary embodiments. The exemplary network arrangement  100  includes a UE  110 . Those skilled in the art will understand that the UE  110  may be any type of electronic component that is configured to communicate via a network, e.g., mobile phones, tablet computers, desktop computers, smartphones, phablets, embedded devices, wearables, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, etc. It should also be understood that an actual network arrangement may include any number of UEs being used by any number of users. Thus, the example of a single UE  110  is merely provided for illustrative purposes. 
     The UE  110  may be configured to communicate with one or more networks. In the example of the network configuration  100 , the network with which the UE  110  may wirelessly communicate is a 5G NR radio access network (RAN)  120 . However, the UE  110  may also communicate with other types of networks (e.g., 5G cloud RAN, a next generation RAN (NG-RAN), a long term evolution (LTE) RAN, a legacy cellular network, a WLAN, etc.) and the UE  110  may also communicate with networks over a wired connection. With regard to the exemplary embodiments, the UE  110  may establish a connection with the 5G NR RAN  120 . Therefore, the UE  110  may have a 5G NR chipset to communicate with the NR RAN  120 . 
     The 5G NR RAN  120  may be a portion of a cellular network that may be deployed by a network carrier (e.g., Verizon, AT&amp;T, T-Mobile, etc.). The 5G NR RAN  120  may include, for example, nodes, cells or base stations (e.g., Node Bs, eNodeBs, HeNBs, eNBS, gNBs, gNodeBs, macrocells, microcells, small cells, femtocells, etc.) that are configured to send and receive traffic from UEs that are equipped with the appropriate cellular chip set. 
     In one example of NR-NR DC, the UE  110  may connect to the NR RAN  120  via a PN  120 A and a SN  120 B. The PN  120 A and the SN  120 B may be connected via a non-deal backhaul (not shown). Those skilled in the art will understand that the PN  120 A may be one of multiple nodes that form the PCG and the SN  120 B may be one of multiple nodes that form the SCG. As mentioned above, the exemplary embodiments enable the UE to determine the per-FR measurement gap starting point when the corresponding frequency range is being used by both the PCG and the SCG. 
     The nodes  120 A,  120 B may include one or more communication interfaces to exchange data and/or information with camped UEs, the RAN  120 , the cellular core network  130 , the internet  140 , etc. Further, the nodes  120 A,  120 B may include a processor configured to perform various operations. For example, the processor of the node may be configured to perform operations related to configuring a measurement gap for the UE  110 . However, reference to a processor is merely for illustrative purposes. The operations of the nodes  120 A,  120 B may also be represented as a separate incorporated component of the cell or may be a modular component coupled to the node, e.g., an integrated circuit with or without firmware. For example, the integrated circuit may include input circuitry to receive signals and processing circuitry to process the signals and other information. In addition, in some nodes, the functionality of the processor is split among two or more processors such as a baseband processor and an applications processor. The exemplary embodiments may be implemented in any of these or other configurations of a cell. 
     It will be further understood that any association procedure may be performed for the UE  110  to connect to the NR RAN  120 . For example, as discussed above, the NR RAN  120  may be associated with a particular cellular provider where the UE  110  and/or the user thereof has a contract and credential information (e.g., stored on a SIM card). Upon detecting the presence of the NR RAN  120 , the UE  110  may transmit the corresponding credential information to associate with the NR RAN  120 . More specifically, the UE  110  may associate with a specific node, cell or base station. Once associated, the NR RAN  120  may configure a particular node as a PN and then configure the UE  110  with a SN to provide DC functionality. However, as mentioned above, the use of the NR RAN  120  is for illustrative purposes and any appropriate type of RAN may be used. 
     In addition to the NR RAN  120 , the network arrangement  100  also includes a cellular core network  130 , the Internet  140 , an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)  150 , and a network services backbone  160 . The cellular core network  130  may be considered to be the interconnected set of components that manages the operation and traffic of the cellular network. It may include the EPC and/or the 5GC. The cellular core network  130  also manages the traffic that flows between the cellular network and the Internet  140 . The IMS  150  may be generally described as an architecture for delivering multimedia services to the UE  110  using the IP protocol. The IMS  150  may communicate with the cellular core network  130  and the Internet  140  to provide the multimedia services to the UE  110 . The network services backbone  160  is in communication either directly or indirectly with the Internet  140  and the cellular core network  130 . The network services backbone  160  may be generally described as a set of components (e.g., servers, network storage arrangements, etc.) that implement a suite of services that may be used to extend the functionalities of the UE  110  in communication with the various networks. 
       FIG.  2    shows an exemplary UE  110  according to various exemplary embodiments. The UE  110  will be described with regard to the network arrangement  100  of  FIG.  1   . The UE  110  may include a processor  205 , a memory arrangement  210 , a display device  215 , an input/output (I/O) device  220 , a transceiver  225  and other components  230 . The other components  230  may include, for example, an audio input device, an audio output device, a power supply, a data acquisition device, ports to electrically connect the UE  110  to other electronic devices, etc. 
     The processor  205  may be configured to execute a plurality of engines of the UE  110 . For example, the engines may include a measurement gap timing engine  235 . The measurement gap timing engine  235  may be configured to determine a measurement gap starting point for a frequency range (e.g., FR1 or FR2) specific measurement gap. 
     The above referenced engine  235  being an application (e.g., a program) executed by the processor  205  is only exemplary. The functionality associated with the engine  235  may also be represented as a separate incorporated component of the UE  110  or may be a modular component coupled to the UE  110 , e.g., an integrated circuit with or without firmware. For example, the integrated circuit may include input circuitry to receive signals and processing circuitry to process the signals and other information. The engines may also be embodied as one application or separate applications. In addition, in some UEs, the functionality described for the processor  205  is split among two or more processors such as a baseband processor and an applications processor. The exemplary embodiments may be implemented in any of these or other configurations of a UE. 
     The memory arrangement  210  may be a hardware component configured to store data related to operations performed by the UE  110 . The display device  215  may be a hardware component configured to show data to a user while the I/O device  220  may be a hardware component that enables the user to enter inputs. The display device  215  and the I/O device  220  may be separate components or integrated together such as a touchscreen. The transceiver  225  may be a hardware component configured to establish a connection with the 5G NR-RAN  120 , an LTE-RAN (not pictured), a legacy RAN (not pictured), a WLAN (not pictured), etc. Accordingly, the transceiver  225  may operate on a variety of different frequencies or channels (e.g., set of consecutive frequencies). 
       FIG.  3    shows an exemplary NR-NR DC arrangement  300  according to various exemplary embodiments. The NR-NR DC arrangement  300  will be described with regard to the network arrangement  100  of  FIG.  1    and the UE  110  of  FIG.  2   . 
     The NR-NR DC arrangement  300  includes the UE  110 , a PCG  310  and an SCG  320 . In this example, the PCG  310  includes a primary cell (PCell)  312  that operates on FR1. The SCG  320  includes a primary secondary cell (PSCell)  322  that operates on FR1 and a secondary cell (SCell)  324  that operates on FR2. Here, the CC for the PSCell  322  operating on FR1 and the CC for the SCell  324  operating on FR2 are configured for carrier aggregation (CA). 
     As indicated above, the exemplary arrangement  300  may provide a band combination in which FR1 is utilized by both the PCG  310  and the SCG  320 . This type of band combination is one example of an unconventional NR-NR DC band combination that may benefit from the exemplary mechanisms described herein. Specific examples of the UE  110  determining a per-FR measurement gap starting point within the context of the exemplary NR-NR DC arrangement  300  will be described below with regard to  FIGS.  4 - 5   . 
       FIG.  4    illustrates a per-FR measurement gap for NR-NR DC according to various exemplary embodiments.  FIG.  4    will be described with regard to the exemplary arrangement  300  of  FIG.  3   . 
       FIG.  4    shows that the PCG  310  may provide a primary component carrier (PCC)  405  operating on FR1 and a secondary component carrier (SCC)  410  also operating on FR1. In addition, the SCG  320  may provide a primary secondary component carrier (PSCC)  415  operating on FR1 and a SCC  420  operating on FR2. In this example, each of the CCs  405 - 420  are shown with a set of consecutive subframes indexed #0-#2. The subframes are intentionally depicted as partially overlapping to demonstrate that in an actual deployment scenario there may be differences between subframe timing across multiple CCs. 
     The example provided in  FIG.  4    is merely provided for illustrative purposes and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments in any way. Those skilled in the art will understand that the exemplary techniques described below may be applicable to any scenario in which the PCG provides one or more serving component carriers operating on FR1 including a PCC and the SCG provides one or more serving component carriers operating on FR1 including a PSCC and at least one SCC operating on FR2. 
     During operation, the UE  110  may be provided with a measurement gap timing advance parameter of T MG  milliseconds (ms). This parameter may define the approximate instance in time that is to mark the start of the per-FR measurement gap. As will be described in more detail below, the timing advance parameter may be adjusted in accordance with the boundaries of a serving cell subframe. 
     In one exemplary technique, if the per-FR measurement gap for FR1  425  is configured with the measurement gap timing advance of T MG  (ms), the measurement gap for FR1  425  may start at time T MG  (ms) advanced to the end of the latest PCG  310  subframe occurring immediately before the configured measurement gap  425  among PCG  310  serving cell subframes. Accordingly, in  FIG.  4   , the reference line  430  shows that the UE  110  may determine that the per-FR measurement gap for FR1  425  is to start at time T MG  (ms) advanced to the end of SF #0 for SCC  410 . In this example, the subframe from SCC  410  is selected by the UE  110 . However, in an actual deployment scenario the subframe timing may be different and any one of the PCG  310  serving cell subframes may be selected. 
     In another exemplary technique, if the per-FR measurement gap for FR2  435  is configured with the measurement gap timing advance of T MG  (ms), the measurement gap for FR2  435  may start at time T MG  (ms) advanced to the end of the latest SCG  320  FR2 subframe occurring immediately before the configured measurement gap  435  among SCG  320  FR2 serving cell subframes. Accordingly, in  FIG.  4   , the reference line  440  shows that the per-FR measurement gap for FR2  435  starting point is marked by time T MG  (ms) advanced to the end of SF #0 for SCC  420 . This example is described with regard to a PCG  310  that includes two CCs  405 - 410  and a SCG  320  that also includes twos CCs  415 - 420 . However, this configuration of CCs is merely provided for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will understand how the exemplary embodiments may apply to any appropriate number of CCs. 
       FIG.  5    illustrates a per-FR measurement gap for NR-NR DC according to various exemplary embodiments.  FIG.  5    will be described with regard to the exemplary arrangement  300  of  FIG.  3   . 
       FIG.  5    shows that the PCG  310  may provide a PCC  505  operating on FR1 and a SCC  510  also operating on FR1. In addition, the SCG  320  may provide a PSCC  515  operating on FR1 and a SCC  520  operating on FR2. The CCs  505 - 520  are shown with a set of consecutive subframes indexed #0-#2. The subframes are intentionally depicted as partially overlapping to demonstrate that in an actual deployment scenario there may be differences between subframe timing across multiple CCs. 
       FIG.  5    is similar to  FIG.  4   . However, there is a difference in how the per-FR measurement gap for FR1  525  may be determined and how the per-FR measurement gap for FR1  425  may be determined. As mentioned above, those skilled in the art will understand that the exemplary techniques described below may be applicable to any scenario in which the PCG provides one or more serving component carriers operating on FR1 including a PCC and the SCG provides one or more serving component carriers operating on FR1 including a PSCC and at least one SCC operating on FR2. 
     Like the example provided above with regard to  FIG.  4   , in this example, the timing advance parameter may be adjusted in accordance with the boundaries of a serving cell subframe. 
     In one exemplary technique, if the per-FR measurement gap for FR1  525  is configured with the measurement gap timing advance of T MG  (ms), the measurement gap for FR1  525  may start at time T MG  (ms) advanced to the end of the latest FR1 serving cell subframe occurring immediately before the configured measurement gap  525  among FR1 serving cell subframes in both the PCG  310  and the SCG  320 . Accordingly, in  FIG.  5   , the reference line  530  shows that the UE  110  may determine that the per-FR measurement gap for FR1  525  is to start at time T MG  (ms) advanced to the end of SF #0 for PSCC  515 . In this example, the subframe from PSCC  515  is selected by the UE  110 . However, in an actual deployment scenario the subframe timing may be different and any one of the FR1 serving cell subframes in either the PCG or the SCG may be selected. 
     The reference line  540  shows that the per-FR measurement gap for FR2  535  starting point is marked by time T MG  (ms) advanced to the end of SF #0 for SCC  520 . The per-FR measurement gap for FR2  535  starting point may be selected on the same basis as described above for the per-FR measurement gap for FR2  435  starting point. 
     The example in  FIG.  5    is described with regard to a PCG  310  that include two CCs  505 - 510  and a SCG  320  that also includes twos CCs  515 - 520 . However, this configuration of CCs is merely provided for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will understand how the exemplary embodiments may apply to any appropriate number of CCs. 
       FIG.  6    shows an exemplary NR-NR DC arrangement  600  according to various exemplary embodiments. The NR-NR DC arrangement  600  will be described with regard to the network arrangement  100  of  FIG.  1    and the UE  110  of  FIG.  2   . 
     The NR-NR DC arrangement  600  includes the UE  110 , a PCG  610  and an SCG  620 . In this example, the PCG  610  includes a PCell  612  that operates on FR1 and an SCell  614  that operates on FR2. The SCG  620  includes a PSCell  622  that operates on FR1. Here, the CC for the PCell  612  operating on FR1 and the CC for the SCell  614  operating on FR2 are configured for CA. 
     As indicated above, the exemplary arrangement  600  may provide a band combination in which FR1 is utilized by both the PCG  610  and the SCG  620 . This type of band combination is one example of an unconventional NR-NR DC band combination that may benefit from the exemplary mechanisms described herein. Specific examples of the UE  110  determining a per-FR measurement gap starting point within the context of the exemplary NR-NR DC arrangement  600  will be described below in  FIGS.  7 - 8   . 
       FIG.  7    illustrates a per-FR measurement gap for NR-NR DC according to various exemplary embodiments.  FIG.  7    will be described with regard to the exemplary arrangement  600  of  FIG.  6   . 
       FIG.  7    shows that the PCG  610  may provide a PCC  705  operating on FR1 and a SCC  710  operating on FR2. In addition, the SCG  620  may provide a PSCC  715  operating on FR1 and a SCC  720  also operating on FR1. In this example, each of the CCs  705 - 720  are shown with a set of consecutive subframes indexed #0-#2. The subframes are intentionally depicted as partially overlapping to demonstrate that in an actual deployment scenario there may be differences between subframe timing across multiple CCs. 
     The example provided in  FIG.  7    is merely provided for illustrative purposes and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments in any way. Those skilled in the art will understand that the exemplary techniques described below may be applicable to any scenario in which the PCG provides one or more serving component carriers operation on FR1 including a PCC and at least one SCC operating on FR2 and the SCG provides one or more serving component carriers operating on FR1 including a PSCC. 
     Like the exemplary techniques described above, in this example, the timing advance parameter may be adjusted in accordance with the boundary of a serving cell subframe. In one exemplary technique, if the per-FR measurement gap for FR1  725  is configured with the measurement gap timing advance of T MG  (ms), the measurement gap for FR1  725  may start at time T MG  (ms) advanced to the end of the latest PCG  610  FR1 subframe occurring immediately before the configured measurement gap  725  among PCG  610  FR1 serving cell subframes. Accordingly, in  FIG.  7   , the reference line  730  shows that the UE  110  may determine that the per-FR measurement gap for FR1  725  is to start at time T MG  (ms) advanced to the end of SF #0 for PCC  705 . 
     In another exemplary technique, if the per-FR measurement gap for FR2  735  is configured with the measurement gap timing advance of T MG  (ms), the measurement gap for FR2  735  may start at time T MG  (ms) advanced to the end of the latest PCG  610  FR2 subframe occurring immediately before the configured measurement gap  735  among PCG  610  FR2 serving cell subframes. Accordingly, in  FIG.  7   , the reference line  740  shows that the per-FR measurement gap for FR2  735  starting point is marked by time T MG  (ms) advanced to the end of SF #0 for SCC  710 . This example is described with regard to a PCG  610  that includes two CCs  705 - 710  and a SCG  620  that also includes twos CCs  715 - 720 . However, this configuration of CCs is merely provided for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will understand how the exemplary embodiments may apply to any appropriate number of CCs. 
       FIG.  8    illustrates a per-FR measurement gap for NR-NR DC according to various exemplary embodiments.  FIG.  8    will be described with regard to the exemplary arrangement  600  of  FIG.  3   . 
       FIG.  8    shows that the PCG  610  may provide a PCC  805  operating on FR1 and a SCC  810  operating on FR2. In addition, the SCG  620  may provide a PSCC  815  operating on FR1 and a SCC  820  operating on FR1. The CCs  805 - 820  are shown with a set of consecutive subframes indexed #0-#2. The subframes are intentionally depicted as partially overlapping to demonstrate that in an actual deployment scenario there may be differences between subframe timing across multiple CCs. 
       FIG.  8    is similar to  FIG.  7   . However, there is a difference in how the per-FR measurement gap for FR1  825  may be determined and how the per-FR measurement gap for FR1  725  may be determined. As mentioned above, those skilled in the art will understand that the exemplary techniques described below may be applicable to any scenario in which the PCG provides one or more serving component carriers operation on FR1 including a PCC and at least one SCC operating on FR2 and the SCG provides one or more serving component carriers operating on FR1 including a PSCC. 
     Like the examples provided above, the timing advance parameter may be adjusted in accordance with the boundaries of a serving cell subframe. However, compared to the example shown in  FIG.  7   , the candidate subframes are from both cell groups  610 - 620  instead of just the PCG  610 . 
     In accordance with one exemplary technique, if the per-FR measurement gap for FR1  825  is configured with the measurement gap timing advance of T MG  (ms), the measurement gap for FR1  825  may start at time T MG  (ms) advanced to the end of the latest FR1 serving cell subframe occurring immediately before the configured measurement gap  825  among FR1 serving cell subframes in both the PCG  610  and the SCG  620 . Accordingly, in  FIG.  8   , the reference line  830  shows that the UE  110  may determine that the per-FR measurement gap for FR1  825  is to start at time T MG  (ms) advanced to the end of SF #0 for PSCC  815 . In this example, the subframe from PSCC  815  is selected by the UE  110 . However, in an actual deployment scenario the subframe timing may be different and any one of the FR1 serving cell subframes (e.g., PCC  805 , PSCC  815  or SCC  520 ) may be selected. 
     The reference line  840  shows that the per-FR measurement gap for FR2  835  starting point is marked by time T MG  (ms) advanced to the end of SF #0 for SCC  810 . The per-FR measurement gap for FR2  835  starting point may be selected in the same manner as the per-FR measurement gap for FR2  735  starting point described above with regard to  FIG.  7   . 
     The example in  FIG.  8    is described with regard to a PCG  610  that include two CCs  805 - 810  and a SCG  620  that also includes twos CCs  815 - 820 . However, this configuration of CCs is merely provided for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will understand how the exemplary embodiments may apply to any appropriate number of CCs. 
       FIG.  9    shows an exemplary NR-NR DC arrangement  900  according to various exemplary embodiments. The NR-NR DC arrangement  900  will be described with regard to the network arrangement  100  of  FIG.  1    and the UE  110  of  FIG.  2   . 
     The NR-NR DC arrangement  900  includes the UE  110 , a PCG  910  and an SCG  920 . In this example, the PCG  910  includes a PCell  912  that operates on FR1 and an SCell  914  that operates on FR2. The SCG  920  includes a PSCell  922  that operates on FR1 and a SCell  924  that operates on FR2. Here, the CC for the PCell  912  operating on FR1 and the CC for the SCell  914  operating on FR2 are configured for CA. In addition, the CC for the PSCell  922  operating on FR1 and the CC for the SCell  924  operating on FR2 are also configured for CA. 
     As indicated above, the exemplary arrangement  900  may provide a band combination in which both FR1 and FR2 are utilized by both the PCG  910  and the SCG  920 . This type of band combination is one example of an unconventional NR-NR DC band combination that may benefit from the exemplary mechanisms described herein. Specific examples of the UE  110  determining a per-FR measurement gap starting point within the context of the exemplary NR-NR DC arrangement  900  will be described below with regard to  FIGS.  10 - 12   . 
       FIG.  10    illustrates a per-FR measurement gap for NR-NR DC according to various exemplary embodiments.  FIG.  10    will be described with regard to the exemplary arrangement  900  of  FIG.  9   . 
       FIG.  10    shows that the PCG  910  may provide a PCC  10005  operating on FR1 and a SCC  1010  operating on FR2. In addition, the SCG  920  may provide a PSCC  1015  operating on FR1 and a SCC  1020  operating on FR2. In this example, each of the CCs  1005 - 1020  are shown with a set of consecutive subframes indexed #0-#2. The subframes are intentionally depicted as partially overlapping to demonstrate that in an actual deployment scenario there may be differences between subframe timing across multiple CCs. 
     The example provided in  FIG.  10    is merely provided for illustrative purposes and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments in any way. Those skilled in the art will understand that the exemplary techniques described below may be applicable to any scenario in which the PCG provides one or more serving component carriers operating on FR1 including a PCC and at least one SCC operating on FR2 and the SCG provides one or more serving component carriers operating on FR1 including a primary PSCC and at least one SCC operating on FR2. 
     Like the exemplary techniques described above, the timing advance parameter may be adjusted in accordance with the boundaries of a serving cell subframe. In one exemplary technique, if the per-FR measurement gap for FR1  1025  is configured with the measurement gap timing advance of T MG  (ms), the measurement gap for FR1  1025  may start at time T MG  (ms) advanced to the end of the latest PCG  910  FR1 subframe occurring immediately before the configured measurement gap  1025  among PCG  910  FR1 serving cell subframes. Accordingly, in  FIG.  10   , the reference line  1030  shows that the UE  110  may determine that the per-FR measurement gap for FR1  1025  is to start at time T MG  (ms) advanced to the end of SF #0 for PCC  1005 . 
     In accordance with another exemplary technique, if the per-FR measurement gap for FR2  1035  is configured with the measurement gap timing advance of T MG  (ms), the measurement gap for FR2  1035  may start at time T MG  (ms) advanced to the end of the latest PCG  910  FR2 subframe occurring immediately before the configured measurement gap  1035  among PCG  910  FR2 serving cell subframes. Accordingly, in  FIG.  10   , the reference line  1040  shows that the per-FR measurement gap for FR2  1035  starting point is marked by time T MG  (ms) advanced to the end of SF #0 for SCC  1010 . This example is described with regard to a PCG  910  that includes two CCs  1005 - 1010  and a SCG  920  that also includes twos CCs  1015 - 1020 . However, this configuration of CCs is merely provided for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will understand how the exemplary embodiments may apply to any appropriate number of CCs. 
       FIG.  11    illustrates a per-FR measurement gap for NR-NR DC according to various exemplary embodiments.  FIG.  11    will be described with regard to the exemplary arrangement  900  of  FIG.  9   . 
       FIG.  11    shows that the PCG  910  may provide a PCC  1105  operating on FR1 and a SCC  1110  operating on FR2. In addition, the SCG  920  may provide a PSCC  1115  operating on FR1 and a SCC  1120  operating on FR2. In this example, each of the CCs  1105 - 1120  are shown with a set of consecutive subframes indexed #0-#2. The subframes are intentionally depicted as partially overlapping to demonstrate that in an actual deployment scenario there may be differences between subframe timing across multiple CCs. 
     Those skilled in the art will understand that the exemplary techniques described below may be applicable to any scenario in which the PCG provides one or more serving component carriers operating on FR1 including a PCC and at least one SCC operating on FR2 and the SCG provides one or more serving component carriers operating on FR1 including a primary PSCC and at least one SCC operating on FR2. 
     Like the exemplary techniques described above, the timing advance parameter may be adjusted in accordance with the boundaries of a serving cell subframe. In one exemplary technique, if the per-FR measurement gap for FR1  1125  is configured with the measurement gap timing advance of T MG  (ms), the measurement gap for FR1  1125  may start at time T MG  (ms) advanced to the end of the latest PCG  910  FR1 subframe occurring immediately before the configured measurement gap  1125  among PCG  910  FR1 serving cell subframes. Accordingly, in  FIG.  11   , the reference line  1130  shows that the UE  110  may determine that the per-FR measurement gap for FR1  1125  is to start at time T MG  (ms) advanced to the end of SF #0 for PCC  1105 . 
     In accordance with another exemplary technique, if the per-FR measurement gap for FR2  1135  is configured with the measurement gap timing advance of T MG  (ms), the measurement gap for FR2  1135  may start at time T MG  (ms) advanced to the end of the latest SCG  920  FR2 subframe occurring immediately before the configured measurement gap  1135  among SCG  920  FR2 serving cell subframes. Accordingly, in  FIG.  11   , the reference line  1140  shows that the per-FR measurement gap for FR2  1135  starting point is marked by time T MG  (ms) advanced to the end of SF #0 for SCC  1120 . This example is described with regard to a PCG  910  that includes two CCs  1105 - 1110  and a SCG  920  that also includes twos CCs  1115 - 1120 . However, this configuration of CCs is merely provided for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will understand how the exemplary embodiments may apply to any appropriate number of CCs. 
       FIG.  12    illustrates a per-FR measurement gap for NR-NR DC according to various exemplary embodiments.  FIG.  12    will be described with regard to the exemplary arrangement  900  of  FIG.  9   . 
       FIG.  12    shows that the PCG  910  may provide a PCC  1205  operating on FR1 and a SCC  1210  operating on FR2. In addition, the SCG  920  may provide a PSCC  1215  operating on FR1 and a SCC  1220  operating on FR2. The CCs  1205 - 1220  are shown with a set of consecutive subframes indexed #0-#2. The subframes are intentionally depicted as partially overlapping to demonstrate that in an actual deployment scenario there may be differences between subframe timing across multiple CCs. 
       FIG.  12    is similar to  FIGS.  10 - 11   . However, there is a difference in how the starting point of the per-FR measurement gaps  1225 ,  1235  may be determined compared to the per-FR measurement gaps described above with regard to  FIGS.  10 - 11   . 
     Those skilled in the art will understand that the exemplary techniques described below may be applicable to any scenario in which the PCG provides one or more serving component carriers operating on FR1 including a PCC and at least one SCC operating on FR2 and the SCG provides one or more serving component carriers operating on FR1 including a primary PSCC and at least one SCC operating on FR2. 
     Like the examples provided above, the timing advance parameter may be adjusted in accordance with the boundaries of a serving cell subframe. However, the candidate subframes are from both cell groups  910 - 920  instead of just the PCG  910  or the SCG  920 . 
     In one exemplary technique, if the per-FR measurement gap for FR1  1225  is configured with the measurement gap timing advance of T MG  (ms), the measurement gap for FR1  1225  may start at time T MG  (ms) advanced to the end of the latest FR1 serving cell subframe occurring immediately before the configured measurement gap  1225  among FR1 serving cell subframes in both the PCG  910  and the SCG  920 . Accordingly, in  FIG.  12   , the reference line  1230  shows that the UE  110  may determine that the per-FR measurement gap for FR1  1225  is to start at time T MG  (ms) advanced to the end of SF #0 for PSCC  1215 . In this example, the subframe from PSCC  1215  is selected by the UE  110 . However, in an actual deployment scenario the subframe timing may be different and any one of the FR1 serving cell subframes from either cell group may be selected. 
     In accordance with another exemplary technique, if the per-FR measurement gap for FR2  1235  is configured with the measurement gap timing advance of T MG  (ms), the measurement gap for FR2  1235  may start at time T MG  (ms) advanced to the end of the latest FR2 serving cell subframe occurring immediately before the configured measurement gap  1235  among FR2 serving cell subframes in both the PCG  910  and the SCG  920 . Accordingly, in  FIG.  12   , the reference line  1240  shows that the UE  110  may determine that the per-FR measurement gap for FR2  1235  is to start at time T MG  (ms) advanced to the end of SF #0 for SCC  1220 . In this example, the subframe from SCC  1220  is selected by the UE  110 . However, in an actual deployment scenario the subframe timing may be different and any one of the FR2 serving cell subframes may be selected. 
     The example in  FIG.  12    is described with regard to a PCG  910  that include two CCs  1205 - 1210  and a SCG  920  that also includes twos CCs  1215 - 1220 . However, this configuration of CCs is merely provided for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will understand how the exemplary embodiments may apply to any appropriate number of CCs. 
     The examples described above all relate to the UE  110  determining the starting point of a per-FR measurement gap based on a measurement gap timing advance parameter (e.g., T MG ) and a serving cell subframe. In some embodiments, the UE  110  is to implement these exemplary techniques when a relevant band combination is configured. Thus, the UE  110  may perform these operations without being explicitly instructed to do so by the network. In other embodiments, the UE  110  may implement these exemplary techniques in response to any appropriate explicit or implicit condition. 
     Another option for implementing a per-FR measurement gap for NR-NR DC band combinations in which FR1 and/or FR2 is used by both the PCG and the SCG includes a mechanism where the network indicates which serving cell or which cell group should be the reference for determining the measurement gap starting point for each per-FR measurement gap. This mechanism will be described in more detail below with regard to the signaling diagram  1300  of  FIG.  13   . 
       FIG.  13    shows a signaling diagram  1300  for per-FR measurement gap configuration according to various exemplary embodiments. The signaling diagram  1300  includes the UE  110  and 5G NR network  1302  and may be applicable to any of the band combinations described above with regards to  FIG.  3 ,  6  or  9    or any other band combination sharing the characteristics of the described band combinations. 
     In  1305 , the 5G NR network  1302  transmits one or more signals to the UE  110  indicating which serving cell or which cell group is the reference for determining the measurement gap starting point for each per-FR measurement gap. 
     In some exemplary embodiments, the indication provided in  1305  may be included in measurement gap configuration information provided via radio resource control (RRC) signaling. In other exemplary embodiments, the indication may be based on an RRC signal and downlink control information (DCI). For example, a first signal may be provided via RRC signaling that includes a reference list of multiple subframes corresponding to one or more cell groups and a second signal may be provided via DCI that indicates the index on the reference list that is to be used to determine the measurement gap starting point for a per-FR measurement gap. In further embodiments, the indication may be provided via a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) in an SCell activation command. However, the above examples are merely provided for illustrative purposes. The exemplary embodiments may apply to this type of indication being provided via any appropriate type of signaling. 
     In  1310 , the UE  110  selects a FR1 serving cell subframe to use as the measurement gap starting point for the per-FR measurement gap for FR1 and a FR2 serving cell subframe to use as the measurement gap starting point for the per-FR measurement gap for FR2. The UE  110  may perform the selection based on the indication received in  1305 . 
     In  1315 , the UE  110  starts the per-FR measurement gap for FR1 immediately after the selected subframe ends. In  1320 , the 5G NR network  1302  transmits one or more signals over FR1 from non-serving cells during the per-FR measurement gap for FR1. The UE  110  may collect measurement data from non-serving cells operating on FR1 based on the signals received during the per-FR measurement gap for FR1. In  1325 , the UE  110  tunes back to its FR1 serving cells after the duration of the measurement gap expires. 
     In  1330 , the UE  110  starts the per-FR measurement gap for FR2 immediately after the selected subframe ends. In  1335 , the 5G NR network  1302  transmits one or more signals over FR2 from non-serving cells during the per-FR measurement gap for FR2. The UE  110  may collect measurement data from non-serving cells operating on FR2 based on the signals received during the per-FR measurement gap for FR2. In  1340 , the UE  110  tunes back to its FR2 serving cells after the duration of the measurement gap expires. 
     The timing shown in the signaling diagram  1300  is merely provided for illustrative purposes. The per-FR measurement gaps for FR1 and FR2 may be operated independently from one another. Therefore, in some embodiments, these measurement gaps may overlap in time. 
     Those skilled in the art will understand that the above-described exemplary embodiments may be implemented in any suitable software or hardware configuration or combination thereof. An exemplary hardware platform for implementing the exemplary embodiments may include, for example, an Intel x86 based platform with compatible operating system, a Windows OS, a Mac platform and MAC OS, a mobile device having an operating system such as iOS, Android, etc. The exemplary embodiments of the above described method may be embodied as a program containing lines of code stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium that, when compiled, may be executed on a processor or microprocessor. 
     Although this application described various embodiments each having different features in various combinations, those skilled in the art will understand that any of the features of one embodiment may be combined with the features of the other embodiments in any manner not specifically disclaimed or which is not functionally or logically inconsistent with the operation of the device or the stated functions of the disclosed embodiments. 
     It is well understood that the use of personally identifiable information should follow privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining the privacy of users. In particular, personally identifiable information data should be managed and handled so as to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of authorized use should be clearly indicated to users. 
     It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications may be made in the present disclosure, without departing from the spirit or the scope of the disclosure. Thus, it is intended that the present disclosure cover modifications and variations of this disclosure provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalent.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20210113
Publication Date: 20231226
Grant Date: 20231226
Priority Date: 20210113
Inventors: CUI, JIE
ZHANG, DAWEI
SUN, HAITONG
HE, HONG
NIU, HUANING
RAGHAVAN, Manasa
LI, QIMING
CHEN, XIANG
TANG, YANG
ZHANG, YUSHU
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H04W36/00692", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W24/10", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W36/0088", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W24/10", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L5/001", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L5/0098", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W36/00692", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 82446412