PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-10755877-B1
Application Number: US-201715687297-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B1

Title: Keyboard for an electronic device

Abstract:
A keyboard is disclosed. The keyboard includes a keyboard housing and a switch assembly coupled to the keyboard housing. The switch assembly includes a switch body defining an interior volume, a collapsible dome positioned in the interior volume, an actuation member configured to actuate the collapsible dome in response to an actuation of the actuation member, and a cover coupled to the switch body. The cover retains the actuation member to the switch body. The keyboard also includes a flexible material coupled to the keyboard housing and extending over the actuation member.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A switch assembly for a keyboard, comprising:
 a switch housing comprising:
 a switch body defining an interior volume, a bottom surface, and a lateral width; and 
 a cover defining an opening; 
 
 a collapsible dome within the interior volume; 
 an actuation member positioned in the opening and comprising a retention feature that engages the switch body, thereby retaining the actuation member to the switch housing and retaining the collapsible dome within the interior volume; 
 a first terminal retained to the switch housing and comprising a first portion configured to be contacted by the collapsible dome when the actuation member is depressed and a second portion at the bottom surface and flush with the bottom surface within the lateral width, the first portion of the first terminal being flush with an inner surface of the switch housing; and 
 a second terminal partially encapsulated in a floor of the switch body such that a first portion of the second terminal is exposed to the interior volume through the floor of the switch body and a second portion of the second terminal is positioned at the bottom surface and flush with the bottom surface within the lateral width, the second terminal remaining in electrical contact with the collapsible dome when the actuation member is depressed and when the actuation member is undepressed, the first portion of the second terminal being flush with the inner surface of the switch housing; 
 wherein the switch housing, the collapsible dome, the actuation member, the first terminal, and the second terminal are assembled into an integrated unit configured to be mounted directly on a keyboard base. 
 
     
     
       2. The switch assembly of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the switch assembly is incorporated into a keyboard comprising additional switch assemblies, each additional switch assembly comprising:
 an additional switch housing; 
 an additional actuation member; and 
 an additional terminal retained to the switch housing; 
 
 the switch assembly and the additional switch assemblies are electrically coupled to the keyboard base via the first and second terminals and the additional terminals; and 
 the actuation members of the switch assembly and the additional switch assemblies each define a shape of a user-interface portion of a respective key of the keyboard. 
 
     
     
       3. The switch assembly of  claim 1 , wherein:
 a first portion of the first terminal is exposed to the interior volume; 
 a second portion of the first terminal is exposed on an exterior surface of the switch body; and 
 the switch assembly is configured to be mounted on the keyboard base via a surface mount process whereby the second portion of the first terminal is placed in contact with a conductive terminal of the keyboard base. 
 
     
     
       4. The switch assembly of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the cover is secured to the switch body; 
 the retention feature is a flange; 
 the flange overlaps a surface of the cover; and 
 the collapsible dome biases the actuation member in an undepressed position. 
 
     
     
       5. The switch assembly of  claim 4 , wherein the first terminal is at least partially encapsulated in the switch body. 
     
     
       6. The switch assembly of  claim 1 , wherein the switch housing abuts an adjacent switch housing configured to be mounted on the keyboard base. 
     
     
       7. A keyboard comprising:
 a keyboard housing; 
 a keyboard base positioned on a portion of the keyboard housing, the keyboard base having a first contact and a second contact; 
 a switch assembly mounted to the keyboard base, comprising:
 a switch body defining an interior volume, the switch body being placed directly on the keyboard base such that the first contact and the second contact are positioned within a footprint of the switch body; 
 a first terminal formed within the switch body, the first terminal being in electrical contact with the first contact and having a portion exposed to the interior volume; 
 a second terminal formed within the switch body, the second terminal being in electrical contact with the second contact and having a portion exposed to the interior volume, the first and second terminals having height dimensions equal to a vertical thickness of a bottom wall of the switch body; 
 a collapsible dome positioned in the interior volume; 
 an actuation member configured to actuate the collapsible dome in response to an actuation of the actuation member; and 
 a cover coupled to the switch body and retaining the actuation member to the switch body; and 
 
 a flexible material coupled to the keyboard housing and extending over the actuation member. 
 
     
     
       8. The keyboard of  claim 7 , wherein the flexible material defines an exterior surface of the keyboard. 
     
     
       9. The keyboard of  claim 7 , wherein the flexible material is a woven fabric. 
     
     
       10. The keyboard of  claim 7 , wherein the flexible material is bonded to the keyboard housing. 
     
     
       11. The keyboard of  claim 7 , wherein:
 a first side of the actuation member contacts the collapsible dome; and 
 a second side of the actuation member contacts the flexible material. 
 
     
     
       12. The keyboard of  claim 7 , wherein the second terminal is molded in the switch body. 
     
     
       13. The keyboard of  claim 7 , wherein:
 the switch assembly is a first switch assembly; 
 the keyboard further comprises a group of second switch assemblies; and 
 the flexible material extends over the group of second switch assemblies. 
 
     
     
       14. The keyboard of  claim 7 , wherein the switch body is a first switch body, and wherein the keyboard further comprises a second switch body mounted to the keyboard base, the second switch body being positioned adjacent to and abutting the first switch body. 
     
     
       15. A keyboard comprising:
 a keyboard base; 
 a group of switch assemblies coupled to the keyboard base, each switch assembly comprising:
 a switch housing; 
 an actuation member within the switch housing; and 
 
 a flexible material comprising a woven fabric covering the group of switch assemblies and comprising sensing elements configured to be coupled to touch-sensing circuitry of an electronic device, the sensing elements comprising:
 a first conductive element woven into the woven fabric and configured to act as a capacitive drive element; and 
 a second conductive element woven into the woven fabric and configured to act as a capacitive sense element; wherein 
 
 the switch housings of at least two adjacent switch assemblies abut one another. 
 
     
     
       16. The keyboard of  claim 15 , wherein the flexible material is bonded to top surfaces of the switch housings. 
     
     
       17. The keyboard of  claim 16 , wherein the top surfaces of the switch housings define a continuous surface framing each of the actuation members. 
     
     
       18. The keyboard of  claim 16 , wherein the flexible material is bonded to top surfaces of the actuation members. 
     
     
       19. The keyboard of  claim 15 , wherein the keyboard does not include a web above the switch housings.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S) 
     This application is a nonprovisional patent application of and claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/380,756, filed Aug. 29, 2016 and titled “Keyboard for Electronic Device,” the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     The described embodiments relate generally to electronic devices, and more particularly to input devices for electronic devices. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Many electronic devices include one or more input devices such as keyboards, touchpads, mice, or touchscreens to enable a user to interact with the device. These devices can be integrated into an electronic device or can stand alone as discrete devices that can transmit signals to another device either via wired or wireless connection. For example, a keyboard can be integrated into the housing of a laptop computer or it can exist in its own housing. 
     The keys of a keyboard may include various mechanical and electrical components to facilitate the mechanical and electrical functions of the keyboard. For example, a key may include mechanical structures to allow the key to move or depress when actuated, as well as electrical components to allow an electrical signal to be produced in response to actuation. Due to the relatively small size of such components, as well as the relatively high number of such components contained in a keyboard, designing and manufacturing keyboards may be complex and difficult undertakings. 
     SUMMARY 
     A switch assembly for a keyboard includes a switch housing. The switch housing includes a switch body defining an interior volume and a cover defining an opening. The switch assembly also includes a collapsible dome within the interior volume and an actuation member positioned in the opening and comprising a retention feature. The retention feature engages the switch body, thereby retaining the actuation member to the switch housing and retaining the collapsible dome within the interior volume. The switch assembly also includes a terminal retained to the switch housing and comprising a first portion configured to be contacted by the collapsible dome when the actuation member is depressed. The switch housing, the collapsible dome, the actuation member, and the terminal are assembled into an integrated unit configured to be mounted directly on a keyboard base. 
     The switch assembly may be incorporated into a keyboard comprising additional switch assemblies, with each additional switch assembly comprising an additional switch housing, an additional actuation member, and an additional terminal retained to the switch housing. The switch assembly and the additional switch assemblies may be electrically coupled to the keyboard base via the terminal and the additional terminals. The actuation members of the switch assembly and the additional switch assemblies may each define a shape of a user-interface portion of a respective key of the keyboard. 
     A first portion of the terminal may be exposed to the interior volume, a second portion of the terminal may be exposed on an exterior surface of the switch body, and the switch assembly may be configured to be mounted on the keyboard base via a surface mount process whereby the second portion of the terminal is placed in contact with a conductive terminal of the keyboard base. 
     The cover of the switch housing may be secured to the switch body of the switch housing, the retention feature may be a flange, the flange may overlap a surface of the cover of the switch housing, and may be the collapsible dome may bias the actuation member in an undepressed position. The terminal may be at least partially encapsulated in the switch body. The terminal may be a first terminal, and the switch housing may further comprise a second terminal within the switch housing and in contact with the collapsible dome when the actuation member is depressed and when the actuation member is undepressed. 
     A keyboard includes a keyboard housing and a switch assembly coupled to the keyboard housing. The switch assembly includes a switch body defining an interior volume, a collapsible dome positioned in the interior volume, an actuation member configured to actuate the collapsible dome in response to an actuation of the actuation member, and a cover coupled to the switch body. The cover retains the actuation member to the switch body. The keyboard also includes a flexible material coupled to the keyboard housing and extending over the actuation member. 
     The flexible material may define an exterior surface of the keyboard. The flexible material may be a woven fabric. The flexible material may be bonded to the keyboard housing. A first side the actuation member may contact the collapsible dome, and a second side of the actuation member may contact the flexible material. 
     The terminal may be a first terminal, the keyboard may be coupled to a keyboard base, the switch body may further comprise a second terminal molded therein, and the first and second terminals may be electrically coupled to the collapsible dome and to electrical contacts on the keyboard base. 
     The switch assembly may be a first switch assembly, the keyboard may further comprise a group of second switch assemblies, and the flexible material may extend over the group of second switch assemblies. 
     A switch assembly includes a switch housing. The switch housing includes a switch body defining an interior volume and a cover defining an opening. The switch assembly further includes an actuation member positioned in the opening and comprising a group of retention tabs engaged with the switch housing to retain the actuation member to the switch housing. The opening is defined by an edge comprising a group of recesses configured to allow the group of retention tabs to pass into the interior volume of the switch body. 
     The actuation member may include a substantially cylindrical shaft, and a substantially rectangular cap portion at an end of the shaft. The shaft and the cap portion may be a monolithic component. The cap portion may overhang the cover of the switch housing. The switch housing may comprise a protrusion configured to limit rotational travel of the actuation member. 
     A keyboard includes a keyboard base and a group of switch assemblies coupled to the keyboard base. Each switch assembly includes a switch housing and an actuation member within the switch housing. The keyboard further includes a flexible material covering the group of switch assemblies. The switch housings of at least two adjacent switch assemblies abut one another. The keyboard may not include a web above the switch housings. 
     The flexible material may be bonded to top surfaces of the switch housings. The top surfaces of the switch housings may define a continuous surface framing each of the actuation members. The flexible material may be bonded to top surfaces of the actuation members. 
     The flexible material may comprise sensing elements configured to be coupled to touch-sensing circuitry of an electronic device. The flexible material may comprise a woven fabric, and the sensing elements may comprise a first conductive element woven into the woven fabric and configured to act as a capacitive drive element, and a second conductive element woven into the woven fabric and configured to act as a capacitive sense element. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The disclosure will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like structural elements, and in which: 
         FIG. 1A  shows an example computing device incorporating a keyboard. 
         FIG. 1B  shows an exploded view of the keyboard of  FIG. 1A . 
         FIG. 2  shows an example switch assembly. 
         FIG. 3  shows an exploded view of the switch assembly of  FIG. 2 . 
         FIG. 4  shows a partial cross-sectional view of the keyboard of  FIG. 1A . 
         FIGS. 5A-5B  show partial cross-sectional view of the keyboard of  FIG. 1A . 
         FIGS. 6A-6B  show exploded views of another switch assembly. 
         FIG. 7  shows an exploded view of an example switch row assembly. 
         FIG. 8  shows another example switch assembly. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Reference will now be made in detail to representative embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the following descriptions are not intended to limit the embodiments to one preferred embodiment. To the contrary, it is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as can be included within the spirit and scope of the described embodiments as defined by the appended claims. 
     Keyboards use various different mechanisms to provide mechanical and electrical functionality. For example, keys may include springs or domes to bias the keys to an undepressed or unactuated position. Keys may also include electrical contacts, terminals, or switches to detect when a key has been depressed or actuated in order to provide a corresponding input signal to an electronic device. 
     Manufacturing a keyboard can be challenging. For example, the trend towards smaller devices, such as thinner computers and keyboards, as well as the general requirement for most keyboards to be easily actuated by the fingertips of a person, means that individual key mechanisms are often relatively small. Moreover, keyboards require that a large number of small components be accurately and precisely aligned in order for the device to operate properly. If even one key in a fully assembled keyboard is not working properly, the entire keyboard may be deemed defective. Accordingly, described herein is a keyboard, and components thereof, that can be manufactured with a high degree of accuracy and precision and that results in a low failure rate for the completed keyboards. The modularized components and/or subassemblies described herein may allow more efficient and accurate assembly of keyboards, among other possible benefits, such as the ability to individually test components and subassemblies before they are assembled into a final product. Embodiments may also facilitate fast and scalable assembly processes. 
     As described herein, several components of a key may be assembled into a modularized or integrated unit or subassembly that can be easily coupled (or otherwise attached) to a keyboard base. More particularly, a switch assembly, including a switching element such as a dome, a switch housing, an actuation member (e.g., a keycap or other interface member), and an optional support mechanism (e.g., a scissor or hinge mechanism), may be pre-assembled for the keys. The dome (or other suitable switching element), actuation member, and other components, may be retained to the switch housing such that the switch assembly forms a single integrated or modular unit. In turn, the integrated or modular unit can be coupled to a keyboard base. The switch housing may also include terminals molded therein; these terminals may electrically couple the dome to the keyboard base in order to generate an input signal when the dome collapses. Similarly, the switch housing may include other electrical components, such as light sources, electrical terminals for the light sources, or the like, molded therein. 
     Because the switch assembly is pre-assembled with the dome and actuation member (and optionally other components) affixed to, or otherwise incorporated with, the switch housing (thereby forming an integrated unit), the switch assembly can be more easily handled by manufacturing equipment including pick-and-place machines, tape-and-reel machines, surface mount technology machines, or other automation equipment, and which may use any appropriate surface mount processes to align, place, and attach the switch assembly to another component. Moreover, because such components (e.g., the dome, actuation member, a light source, terminals, and the like) are retained to or otherwise integrated with the switch housing, it may not be necessary to separately align and/or couple these components to the keyboard base. By contrast, separately coupling a switch housing, a dome, a support mechanism, and a light source to a base increases the chances that a misaligned part will render a keyboard defective. 
       FIG. 1A  shows a keyboard  100  for use with a computing device  101 . The keyboard  100  includes a group of keys (including a representative key  106 ) and a keyboard housing  104 . The keyboard  100  may include a flexible material  107  positioned over the keys, although this is not necessary or present in all embodiments. In particular, in some embodiments, the keycaps or actuation members of the keyboard may not be covered, such that the surfaces of the keycaps or actuation members are configured to be contacted directly by a user&#39;s finger or other implement. 
     The optional flexible material  107  may be a sheet such as a fabric, polymer, or leather sheet, or any other appropriate deformable or flexible material or sheet. The flexible material  107  may extend over the actuation members of the keys (e.g., the actuation members  204 ,  FIG. 2 ) and/or over a portion of the keyboard housing  104 , thus forming an external surface of the keyboard housing  104  and an actuation surface of the keys. The flexible material  107  may be bonded to the keyboard housing  104  and/or the actuation members of the keys. In some cases, the flexible material  107  may be bonded to the keyboard housing  104  and not bonded to the actuation members, such that the flexible material floats over the surfaces of the actuation members. 
     The computing device  101  is depicted as a tablet computer that includes a housing  103  and a display  105  (which may be a touch-sensitive display). As shown, the keyboard  100  is a peripheral input device for the computing device  101 , and is incorporated into a cover or case for the computing device  101 , which may be removable or detachable from the computing device  101 . However, in other embodiments, the keyboard  100  may be incorporated within a housing of a computing device (rather than in its own separate housing), or it may be housed in a different housing or structure than that shown in  FIG. 1A . For example, in some cases, a computing device that includes the keyboard  100  may be a laptop computer, a desktop computer, or the like. In such cases, the housing of the keyboard may refer to a housing of the laptop or desktop computer, or indeed a housing of any product, component, or device in which the keyboard  100  is integrated or otherwise positioned. In some embodiments, the keyboard  100  may be a standalone keyboard (e.g., it need not be incorporated into a cover or case of a separate computing device). 
     The keyboard  100  includes a group of keys, including the representative key  106 . While the instant application describes components of a representative key  106  of the keyboard  100 , the concepts and components described herein apply to other keys of the keyboard  100 , as well as other depressible input mechanisms, including buttons, standalone keys, switches, or the like. Moreover, such keys, buttons, or switches may be incorporated into other devices, including smart phones, tablet computers, watches, handheld electronic devices, standalone keyboards, or the like. 
       FIG. 1B  shows an exploded view of the keyboard  100  of  FIG. 1A . In particular, the keyboard  100  includes a keyboard base  108  and a group of switch assemblies  110 . The keyboard  100  also includes the optional flexible material  107  over the switch assemblies  110 . As described above, the keyboard  100  may be assembled by mounting pre-assembled switch assemblies  110  to the keyboard base  108 . Because the switch assemblies  110  are pre-assembled, the keyboard  100  may be produced more quickly and/or more efficiently than with discrete, unassembled key components. For example, as noted above, the switch assemblies  110  may be mounted on a tape and applied to the keyboard base  108  using a tape-and-reel machine. Other automated handling processes and machines are also possible, such as pick-and-place machines, surface mount technology machines, or any other component placement apparatus may pick up switch assemblies  110  and position them on a base or substrate (e.g., the keyboard base  108 ) in any suitable arrangement and/or location. 
     As the switch assemblies  110  are placed on the substrate, or after they are all placed on the substrate, the keyboard may be further processed to secure the switch assemblies  110  to the substrate. For example, as described herein, the switch assemblies  110  may include electrical terminals exposed on a bottom surface, and the keyboard base  108  may include electrical contacts  112 . Accordingly, the switch assemblies  110  may be placed on the keyboard base  108  such that the terminals and the contacts are in contact with one another, and then the keyboard base  108  and the switch assemblies  110  may be subjected to a reflowing process where heat is applied to at least partially melt solder between the terminals of the switch assemblies  110  (e.g., the conductive terminals  322 ,  324 ,  504 , and/or  506  shown in  FIGS. 3-5B ) and the electrical contacts  112  of the keyboard base  108  (e.g., which correspond to the contacts  423 ,  426 ,  508 , and/or  510  shown in  FIGS. 3-5B ), thereby securing the switch assemblies  110  to the keyboard base  108  and also forming an electrical path between the switch assemblies  110  and the keyboard base  108 . Other techniques and materials may be used to secure the switch assemblies to the keyboard base  108 . For example, a conductive adhesive or other joining material, such as a conductive epoxy, silver paste, anisotropic conductive adhesive (or paste or film), or the like, may be applied to the conductive terminals and/or the electrical contacts. The switch assemblies  110  may then be applied to the keyboard base  108 , thereby securing the switch assemblies to the keyboard base and forming the electrical connections using the joining material. 
       FIG. 3  shows an exploded view of the switch assembly  110 . An example process for assembling the switch assembly  110  will be discussed with respect to this exploded view. In the example assembly process, a collapsible dome  316  is placed in an interior volume of the switch body  208 . An outer edge (or any other appropriate portion) of the dome  316  is placed in contact with the first terminal  322 , and a portion of the dome  316  is positioned relative to the second terminal  324  such that, when the dome  316  is collapsed and/or deformed, it will contact the second terminal  324 . The actuation member  204  (or any other actuator or appropriate component or member) is then placed over the dome  316 . The cover  210  is placed on the switch body  208  such that the actuation member  204  extends through an opening in the cover  210 . The cover  210  may also overlap a retention feature  314  (here, a flange) of the actuation member  204 . The cover  210  is then secured to the switch body  208 , for example, via ultrasonic welding, laser welding, adhesive, solder, or the like. In some embodiments, the cover  210  and switch body  208  are formed of a unitary (e.g., monolithic) component. In such cases, a bottom panel  303  of the switch body  208  shown in  FIG. 3  may be separable from the unitary body/cover component. Thus, the dome  316  may be placed on the bottom panel  303 , and the unitary body/cover component may be placed on and attached to the bottom panel  303 . (The actuation member  204  may be placed on the bottom panel  303  or in the body/cover component prior to attachment.)  FIG. 7 , discussed below, illustrates an example switch assembly that includes a unitary body/cover component and separable bottom panel, as described above. 
       FIG. 3  also shows a light source  302  coupled to the switch body  208 . As shown, the light source  302  is positioned so that the dome  316  does not cover or otherwise occlude the light source  302 . This is one example location for the light source  302 , however, and it may be positioned in other locations on (or at least partially encapsulated within) the switch body  208  as described herein. In some cases, the dome  316  may be formed from or include an at least partially transparent material. In such cases, the light source  302  may be positioned under the dome  316  to illuminate the dome  316 . The dome  316  may act as a light diffuser and/or light guide to direct and distribute light from the light source  302  toward a desired location or component of the switch assembly  110 . 
       FIG. 4  shows a partial cross-sectional view of the keyboard  100 , viewed along line A-A in  FIG. 1A  and showing details of the representative key  106 . As noted above, the key  106  includes a switch body  208  that defines an interior volume, a cover  210 , and a collapsible dome  316  (or other collapsible switching element) within the interior volume of the switch body  208 . 
     The key  106  also includes the actuation member  204  (or other suitable actuator) that is configured to actuate the collapsible dome  316  in response to the actuation member translating. In particular, the actuation member  204  is configured to transmit a force from the key  106  to the collapsible dome  316 , thereby collapsing the dome  316 . This, in turn, causes an input to be registered by the keyboard  100  (and/or the computing device  101 ). In addition, the collapsible dome  316  generally biases the actuation member  204  upward (with respect to the view of  FIG. 2 ), thereby keeping the actuation member in a default or rest position in the absence of external force. Likewise, when force is removed from the actuation member  204  after the dome  316  collapses, the dome  316  (or other collapsible switching element) returns to its default configuration as shown in  FIG. 4 , thereby moving the actuation member from a depressed to rest position. 
     The cover  210  is secured to the switch body  208  and retains the actuation member  204  to the switch cover  210 . The cover  210  may be secured to the switch body  208  in any appropriate way, such as welding (e.g., laser welding or ultrasonic welding), adhesives, mechanical interlocks, insert molding or co-molding (e.g., the cover  210  may be positioned in a mold, and material may be injected into the mold to form the switch body  208  so that the switch body  208  is coupled to the cover  210 ), or the like. Together, the switch body  208  and the cover  210  form a switch housing, where the switch body  208  defines a body portion of the switch housing and the cover  210  defines a top portion of the switch housing. 
     An actuation surface  312  of the actuation member  204  may be configured to receive inputs directly from a user. For example, the key  106  may be configured so that no additional keycaps or input components are needed in order for the key  106  to be used in a keyboard. In other embodiments, additional keycaps, input components, surface layers, covers, or the like, may be coupled to the actuation member  204  to define an external actuation surface of the key  106 . 
     The actuation member  204 , and in particular the retention feature or flange  314  of the actuation member  204 , may be configured to slide against or otherwise engage with the interior surfaces of the switch body  208  of the switch housing to maintain the alignment of the actuation member  204  during actuation and to prevent binding or sticking of the actuation member  204  during actuation. The retention feature  314  may be any suitable feature, such as a tab, flange, protrusion, nub, or the like. 
     The key  106  may be configured so that the actuation member  204  does not significantly wobble during actuation. For example, an input (e.g., top) surface of the actuation member  204  may remain substantially horizontal (relative to the orientation shown in  FIG. 4 ) when the actuation member  204  is pressed downwards, regardless of where on the actuation member  204  a force is applied. More particularly, the actuation member  204  may be configured to remain substantially horizontal in response to a force applied to the center of the actuation member  204  (indicated by arrow  402 ) or a force applied to an edge or corner of the actuation member (indicated by arrow  404 ). In other cases, the key  106  may be configured to allow the actuation member  204  a certain amount of deviation from horizontal in response to forces applied at different locations on the actuation surface. The additional travel at the edges or corners of the actuation member  204  may provide the sensation of a longer travel than is actually provided by the dome  316 . Because the sensation of longer key travel may be more desirable to some users, allowing some wobble in the actuation member  204  may allow the key  106  to have a smaller vertical height while still maintaining the feeling of a taller, longer-travel key. 
     The retention feature  314  may overlap an underside surface of the top portion (e.g., the cover  210 ) of the switch housing. For example, as shown, the actuation member  204  has a top-hat type design, where the retention feature  314  is a flange that overlaps and engages an interior surface of the cover  210 . The engagement between the retention feature/flange  314  defines an upper travel limit of the actuation member  204  and also retains the actuation member  204  to the switch housing. In order to assemble the key  106 , the actuation member  204  may be placed in the switch body  208  prior to the cover  210  being attached. Thus, the flange (or other retention feature  314 ) may be securely captured within the interior volume of the switch body  208 . 
     In other embodiments, the actuation member  204  may lack the retention feature  314 , or may include a retention feature of a different configuration. For example, where a scissor or hinge mechanism is used to movably support an actuation member, the actuation member may be retained to the scissor or hinge mechanism and may omit the flange shown in  FIGS. 3 and 4 . 
     The actuation surface  312  may have any suitable shape or configuration. For example, the actuation surface  312  may define a substantially rectangular or square actuation surface, as shown in  FIGS. 3 and 4 . The actuation surface  312  may define other shapes instead, such as substantially circular shapes. In some cases, the actuation surface  312  may define the ultimate shape of the user-interface portion of a key. For example, the actuation surface  312  may define the actual exterior surface of the key  106  that a user contacts when actuating the key, or a fabric covering may conform to the actuation surface  312  such that the resulting shape of the fabric surface of the key  106  is substantially the same as the actuation surface  312 . Accordingly, the actuation surface may have a shape and size (and any other properties) that produces a suitable user-interface portion of a key. In other cases, another component may be attached to or otherwise cover the actuation surface  312 , and that other component may define the shape of the user-interface portion of a key. For example, an additional keycap may be positioned over the actuation surface  312  to define the shape or other property of the user-interface portion of a key. 
     The collapsible switching element (here, a dome)  316  is an example of a collapsible switching element that may be used in the key  106 . The dome  316  may be formed from or include a metallic or other conductive material, and may be configured to complete an electrical path (e.g., circuit) when the actuation member  204  collapses or otherwise deforms the dome. For example, the switch body  208  may include conductive terminals  322 ,  324 . The collapsible dome  316  may be electrically coupled to the first terminal  322  and, when collapsed or otherwise deformed, may contact the second terminal  324 . This forms an electrical path between the first terminal  322  and the second terminal  324 . Other collapsible switching elements, such as alternative domes, switches, contacts, or components may be used in place of or in addition to the collapsible switching element  316  and terminals  322 ,  324 . 
     The terminals  322 ,  324  may be molded or otherwise formed in the switch body  208 . For example, the terminals  322 ,  324  may be inserted into a mold prior to injection of a material that forms the switch body  208  (e.g., the body portion of the switch housing). Accordingly, the terminals  322 ,  324  may be at least partially encapsulated in the switch body  208 . As one non-limiting example, a first portion of each terminal  322 ,  324  is exposed to the interior volume of the switch body  208  (and configured to contact the collapsible switching element  316 ), and a second portion is exposed on an exterior surface of the switch body  208 . The second portions of the terminals  322 ,  324  may be electrically coupled to electrical contacts  426  and  423  of a keyboard base  108  (which correspond to the electrical contacts  112  in  FIG. 1A ). 
     The keyboard base  108  may be any appropriate substrate onto which the keys of the keyboard  100  (including the key  106 ) may be mounted or coupled. For example, the keyboard base  108  may be a printed circuit board. Alternatively, the keyboard base  108  may be a portion of the keyboard housing  104  itself, such as a metal or plastic wall defining both an interior and an exterior surface of the keyboard housing  104 . The keyboard base  108  may be any other suitable material or component, including polyethylene terephthalate, flexible circuit material, or the like. 
     The key  106  may also include one or more optical sensors within the switch body  208 . The optical sensors may be used to detect a distance that the actuation member  204  has moved. The keyboard  100  (or other associated device) may use this information to determine when the actuation member  204  has been moved a sufficient distance to register an input. As such, optical sensors may be used instead of or in addition to the conductive terminals  322 ,  324  and the dome  316  to detect key presses and register inputs. The optical sensors may also be used to determine an amount of force applied to the actuation member. For example, the dome  316  may provide a known biasing force against the actuation member  204 . Accordingly, a deflection or movement of the actuation member  204  that acts against the biasing force (e.g., collapses the dome  316 ) can be correlated to a particular force value. By detecting the input force, a keyboard  100  (or other associated device) can differentiate between different types of inputs, and may take different actions based on the different types of inputs. For example, a device may perform one type of action in response to a low force input (e.g., enter a lower case character into an application) and another type of action in response to a high force input (e.g., enter an upper case character into an application). 
     The optional optical sensor(s) may be positioned in any suitable location in the key  106 . For example, an optical sensor may be coupled to a bottom surface of the switch body  208 , such as adjacent the exposed portion of the conductive terminal  324 , or on an underside of the actuation member  204 . In either case, the dome  316  may have an opening or window to provide a clear optical path between the actuation member  204  and the switch body  208 . In one example embodiment, an optical sensor may be coupled to a central or middle portion of the actuation member  204 , and the dome  316  may define an opening in a central or middle portion of the dome. The optical sensor may thus sense the switch body  208  (and/or the conductive terminal  324 ) to detect a deflection distance of the actuation member  204 . 
     The optical sensor(s) may be integrated into the switch body  208 . For example, the switch body  208 , or a portion thereof, may be molded around an optical sensor to at least partially encapsulate the optical sensor in the switch body  208 . More particularly, similar to the process of encapsulating an LED or a conductive terminal in the switch body  208 , an optical sensor may be inserted into a mold, and then the material for the switch body  208  may be introduced into the mold to at least partially encapsulate and retain the optical sensor. The optical sensor(s) may also be attached and/or retained to the switch body  208  mechanically. For example, the switch body  208  may include retaining features such as clips, undercuts, cavities, posts (e.g., for heat staking), latches, or the like, molded into or otherwise formed on an interior surface of the switch body  208 . After the switch body  208  is formed, the optical sensor(s) may be engaged with the retaining features to retain them to the switch body  208 . 
     As noted above, the keyboard  100  may also include a flexible material  107  coupled to the keyboard housing and extending over the actuators of the keys (e.g., the actuation member  204 ). The flexible material may be any appropriate material, such as a fabric (which may be formed from natural fibers, synthetic fibers, or both, and may be woven, knit, etc.), a polymer, leather, or any other appropriate sheet or material. As noted above, the flexible material  107  may be bonded (e.g., adhered, welded, or the like) to the keyboard housing  104  of the keyboard  100 . For example, the flexible material  107  may be bonded to a perimeter portion of the keyboard housing  104  that surrounds the keys. The flexible material  107  may also or instead be bonded to portions of the keys. For example, areas of the flexible material  107  that are between the actuation members  204  form troughs that extend into the gaps between the actuation members  204  and are bonded to the top surfaces of the covers  210 . In some cases, the flexible material  107  is formed such that the areas between the actuation members  204  form troughs while the material is in an unstrained state. For example, the troughs may be molded or otherwise formed into the flexible material  107 . The material may then be overlaid on a keyboard such that the troughs are positioned within the gaps between the actuation members  204 . In some cases, the flexible material  107  is not bonded to the covers  210 , or is bonded to only some covers  210  or portions of the covers. For example, the flexible material  107  may be bonded to the covers  210  in the gaps between some, but not all, of the actuation members  204 . In this fashion, the flexible material  107  does not fully separate from the keyboard  100 , but is permitted to float relative to many of the keys. Such floating may also allow air to vent from underneath the actuation members  204  and/or the collapsible domes  316  during actuation of the keys, as air thus can pass out of the switch body  208 . 
     The housings (e.g., the switch bodies  208 ) of adjacent keys may abut one another. That is, as shown in  FIG. 4 , sides of adjacent switch bodies  208  may be in contact with one another such that the covers  210  (or top portions) of adjacent switch housings define a continuous (or substantially continuous) surface framing the actuation members. The top surfaces may thus define a keyboard web around the actuation members of the keys. As such, the keyboard  100  may not include a separate web above the switch housings, such as a plastic or metal component with openings for the actuation members to pass therethrough. Such webs may be used in certain keyboards to provide added rigidity to the keyboard and/or to shield, seal, or cover sensitive components. Because a web is not necessary in the instant keyboard, the keyboard can be made thinner and lighter than keyboards that require or use a web. 
     A surface defined by the covers  210  of adjacent keys may be considered continuous if it supports the flexible material  107  without the flexible material  107  visibly extending or deforming into gaps that may exist between the switch bodies, and does not necessarily mean that no miniscule or incidental gaps exist between any of the switch bodies  208 . 
     In some embodiments, the actuation members of the keys are configured to directly contact both the collapsible domes  316  beneath the actuation members and the flexible material  107  (e.g., without interstitial actuators or components). For example, a bottom side or surface of the actuation member  204  may directly contact a top of the collapsible dome  316 , and a top surface of the actuation member  204  may directly contact a bottom surface of the flexible material  107 . In some cases, an adhesive such as a pressure sensitive adhesive, heat sensitive adhesive, or the like, may bond the top surface of the actuation member  204  directly to the bottom surface of the flexible material  107 . Because force is transmitted to the collapsible dome  316  through the flexible material  107  and actuation member  204  without additional components such as keycaps, the overall height of the keys of the keyboard  100  may be less than with other key designs. Also, because there are fewer moving and interacting parts, the keyboard  100  may be more robust and durable, and may be faster and less expensive to build. In other cases, such as where the flexible material  107  is not used, keycaps or other interface members may be coupled to the actuation member  204 , or may replace the actuation member  204 . 
     In certain embodiments, the flexible material  107  (or other deformable sheet) may include sensing elements that are configured to be coupled to touch-sensing circuitry of an electronic device. Accordingly, in addition to inputs from the keys of the keyboard  100  (e.g., detected via the collapsible dome  316  and associated terminals and contacts), touch inputs that do not result in key actuation may be detected based on contact with the flexible material  107 . Example inputs include taps, strikes, presses, or other discrete-type inputs, as well as gestures, such as swipes, drags, pinches, or other inputs. Such inputs may be used to move a cursor on a screen, for example, or manipulate windows, applications, or other aspects of a user interface. 
     The sensing elements may be any appropriate components or materials that can be used to facilitate touch sensing. For example, the sensing elements may be conductive elements, such as conductive threads, wires, sheets, or other materials, that are woven, layered, or otherwise incorporated in or on the flexible material  107 . The sensing elements may be configured to facilitate touch-sensing functionality in any appropriate way. For example, the sensing elements may include a first sensing element (e.g., a conductive element or group of conductive elements) configured to act as a capacitive drive element, and a second sensing element (e.g., a conductive element or group of conductive elements) configured to act as a capacitive sense element. In particular, an electrical signal may be transmitted through the first sensing element, and the second sensing element may be monitored or analyzed to determine an extent to which a signal induced in the second sensing element by the electrical signal has been changed due to a touch event on the flexible material  107 . By sensing and/or analyzing the second sensing element (e.g., the capacitive sense element), an electronic device can determine whether and where a user has touched the flexible material  107 . 
     The key  106  may also include light sources  302 , such as light emitting diodes (e.g., micro-LEDs), that illuminate all or part of the key  106 . For example, one or more LEDs may be mounted to, embedded in, or otherwise coupled to the switch body  208  (or any other component of the key  106 ). The one or more LEDs may direct light through a transparent or translucent portion of the actuation member  204  corresponding to a glyph (e.g., a letter) or other representation that is visible on the top surface of the key  106 . The one or more LEDs may also or instead illuminate any other portion of the key  106 . For example, the one or more LEDs may illuminate areas around the actuation member  204 , such as gaps between the actuation member  204  and the switch body  208 . As another example, the one or more LEDs may illuminate the switch body  208 , the cover  210 , or any other component of the key  106 . In such cases, any of the components of the key  106  may be formed from or include transparent or translucent materials. Such materials may guide and project light from the light source (e.g., the one or more LEDs) through and out of the material. For example, as discussed with respect to  FIG. 5B , below, where an LED is encapsulated in an at least partially transparent material of the switch body  208 , the material may guide light from the LED towards areas to be illuminated. In some cases, light may be transmitted between components. For example, light may be transmitted by the switch body  208  into the actuation member  204  to illuminate a glyph or other portion of the actuation member  204  (or surrounding areas). As another example, light may be transmitted into the cover  210  (which may also be light transmissive) to illuminate an area around the actuation member  204  and/or to transmit light into the actuation member  204 . 
     The key  106  may include a single LED or multiple LEDs. Where multiple LEDs or other light sources are used, they may include any color or combinations of colors. For example, the key  106  may include one or more white LEDs, or multiple LEDs of different colors (e.g., red, green, and blue). Where LEDs or light sources of different colors are used, they may be controlled independently of one another to produce different light colors or other visual effects (e.g., the intensity and/or color of each LED may be controlled independently). LEDs used in the key  106  may be bare die LEDs or packaged die LEDs. 
       FIG. 5A  shows a partial cross-sectional view of the key  106 , viewed along line B-B in  FIG. 1A . The view shown in  FIG. 5A  is similar to that in  FIG. 4 , but corresponds to a different area of the key  106 . In particular,  FIG. 5A  shows an LED  502  (e.g., a light source  302 ) coupled to the switch body  208  and connected to conductive terminals  504 ,  506 , which may be similar to the conductive terminals  322 ,  324  described above with respect to  FIG. 3 , and may be formed in substantially the same way (e.g., insert-molding). The conductive terminals  504 ,  506  electrically and/or communicatively couple the LED  502  to the keyboard base  108 . More particularly, the keyboard base  108  may include electrical contacts  508 ,  510 , which may be similar to the electrical contacts  423 ,  426  in  FIG. 4 . When the switch assembly is coupled to the keyboard base  108 , the conductive terminals  504 ,  506  may be mechanically retained against and electrically coupled to the electrical contacts  508 ,  510 . For example, the terminals  504 ,  506  and the contacts  508 ,  510  may be coupled together with a conductive adhesive, such as a silver paste, conductive epoxy, anisotropic conductive adhesive, or the like, as described herein. Accordingly, the act of mounting or coupling the switch body  208  to the keyboard base  108  may form electrical connections between the LED  502  in the switch body  208  and an LED controller and/or power source external to the switch body  208 . 
     The LED  502  may be coupled to a surface of the switch body  208 , as shown in  FIG. 5A . For example, the switch body  208  may be formed with the conductive terminals  504 ,  506  at least partially encapsulated therein. The LED  502  may then be attached (e.g., adhered, heat staked, mechanically fastened, etc.) to the switch body  208  and electrically connected to the conductive terminals  504 ,  506 . 
     As noted above, the LED  502  may be instead be partially or fully encapsulated in the switch body.  FIG. 5B  shows a partial cross-sectional view of key  512  in which the LED  502  is encapsulated in the material of a switch body  501 , which may otherwise be the same as or similar to the switch body  208 . (In all other respects, the key  512  may correspond to the key  106 .) The LED  502  may be encapsulated in the material in the same manner as the conductive terminals  504 ,  506 . For example, the LED  502  and the conductive terminals  504 ,  506  may be positioned in a mold, and a material may thereafter be introduced into the mold, thereby encapsulating the LED  502  and the conductive terminals  504 ,  506  in the material. The material may be at least partially transparent to receive and guide light from the LED  502  and direct the light to a desired location or component of the key  106 . 
     Instead of or in addition to LEDs or other light sources, the key  106  may be illuminated by a light guide that guides light from a remote light source into the switch body  208 . In such cases, a light guide, such as a fiber optic member, glass, plastic, or other suitable light-guiding material or component, may be encapsulated in or otherwise coupled to the keyboard base. When the at least partially transparent switch body  208  is coupled to the keyboard base, the switch body  208  may be positioned in optical communication with the light guide to receive light therefrom. 
       FIG. 6A  shows an exploded view of a switch assembly  604 , which is similar to the switch assembly  110  shown in  FIGS. 2-3  but includes a scissor mechanism  606 . In particular, the scissor mechanism  606  is coupled to the switch body  208  and to the actuation member  204  and movably supports the actuation member  204  relative to the switch body  208 . The scissor mechanism  606  may include pins  608  that engage with recesses  610  (or other features) in the switch body  208  to retain the scissor mechanism  606  to the switch body  208 , and keycap pins  612  that engage with attachment members (e.g., clips, slots, recesses, etc.) of the actuation member  204  to retain the actuation member  204  to the scissor mechanism  606 . Because the actuation member  204  is retained to the switch body  208  via the scissor mechanism  606 , the actuation member  204  does not require the retention feature  314  (e.g., the flange  314 ) to retain the actuation member  204  to the switch body  208 . In some cases, however, the flange may nevertheless be included, for example, to help guide and/or support the actuation member  204 , to prevent ingress of liquid or other contaminants into the switch body  208 , or the like. 
       FIG. 6B  shows an exploded view of a switch assembly  614 , which is similar to the switch assemblies  110 ,  604  shown in  FIGS. 2-3 and 6A , but includes a butterfly hinge  616 . The butterfly hinge  616  is coupled to the switch body  208  and to the actuation member  204  and movably supports the actuation member  204  relative to the switch body  208 . Similar to the scissor mechanism  606 , the butterfly hinge  616  may include pins  618  that engage with recesses  610  (or other features) in the switch body  208  to retain the butterfly hinge  616  to the switch body  208 , and keycap pins  620  that engage with attachment members (e.g., clips, slots, recesses, etc.) of the actuation member  204  to retain the actuation member  204  to the butterfly hinge  616 . As described with respect to  FIG. 6B , because the butterfly hinge  616  retains the actuation member  204  to the switch body  208 , the retention feature  314  may be omitted. 
     Electrical contacts, light sources, and optional optical sensors are omitted from  FIGS. 6A-6B  for clarity, but may be included as shown and described with respect to  FIGS. 3 and 5A-5B . 
       FIG. 7  shows an exploded view of a multi-switch assembly  700 . The multi-switch assembly  700  may include any of the components and/or features described above with respect to the key  106 . By combining the mechanisms for multiple keys into a multi-switch assembly, manufacturing and assembly of a keyboard may be further streamlined. For example, each row of keys for a keyboard may be pre-assembled into a single multi-switch assembly, and then attached to the keyboard base. This may further reduce the part count, assembly time, and/or assembly complexity of a keyboard. Moreover, by reducing the number of discrete components that must be coupled to the keyboard base, alignment errors between the base and the key components may be further reduced, as well as the additional time required to align and attach each discrete key component. 
     The multi-switch assembly  700  includes a switch body  702  that defines multiple switch receptacles  708 . The switch receptacles  708  at least partially define an interior volume in which components of a key or switch may be positioned. 
     The switch body  702  is otherwise similar to the switch body  208  described above. The switch body  702  may be a unitary structure formed from a polymer material, an at least partially transparent polymer, or any other suitable material. The switch body  702  may have electrical contacts  722 ,  724 , light sources (e.g., LEDs), optical sensors, or other components at least partially encapsulated therein, as described above with respect to the switch body  208 . Domes  710  (similar to the dome  316 ) may be positioned in the receptacles  708  in the switch body  702 , and may be aligned relative to the electrical contacts  722 ,  724  as described above with respect to  FIG. 3 . A cover  704  defines openings  706  through which actuation members  712  may at least partially extend. The cover  704  may also retain the actuation members  712  (and other components of the multi-switch assembly  700 ) in the switch body  702 . 
     As shown, the cover  704  includes one opening  706  for each receptacle  708  in the switch body  702 . In other examples, however, the cover may be configured to cover the receptacles of multiple switch bodies. For example, the cover may form a key web for a complete keyboard, and the keyboard may include several multi-switch assemblies (e.g., one multi-switch assembly for each row of the keyboard). In yet other cases, multiple covers may be attached to the switch body  702 . For example, a separate cover (such as the cover  210 , described above) may be positioned over each receptacle  708  in the switch body  702 . Also, while the multi-switch assembly  700  is shown as defining a single row of switches or keys, a multi-switch assembly in accordance with the concepts described herein may define multiple rows and/or columns of keys or switches. For example, the switch body  702  may define a receptacle for each key of a complete keyboard. 
     While the multi-switch assembly  700  is shown without a separate support mechanism for the actuation members, this is merely one implementation. In other examples, a support mechanism, such as a scissor mechanism  606  ( FIG. 6A ) or a butterfly hinge  616  ( FIG. 6B ), may be included in all or some of the receptacles of the multi-switch assembly  700 . 
       FIG. 8  shows an example switch assembly  800 . The switch assembly  800  is similar to the switch assembly  110  described above, but includes a different mechanism for attaching and retaining an actuation member  802  to a switch housing. 
     As shown in  FIG. 8 , a switch body  808  defines an interior volume and includes an opening through which the actuation member  802  extends. In particular, the switch body  808  defines a body portion and a cover or top portion, and the opening extends through the top portion. The switch body  808  may be coupled to a bottom panel  810  to form an interior volume similar to that formed by the switch bodies and covers shown in  FIGS. 3-5B . The bottom panel  810  may include insert-molded terminals, such as those shown and described with respect to  FIG. 4-5B . 
     The actuation member  802  includes a shaft  805  (which may be substantially cylindrical, as shown) and a cap portion  803  (which may be substantially rectangular or square, as shown, or any other appropriate shape) at an end of the shaft  805 . The actuation member  802 , including the shaft  805  and the cap portion  803 , may be a unitary (e.g., monolithic) component, such as may be formed by injection molding a polymer material. The cap portion  803  of the actuation member  802  may extend radially from the shaft  805  and overhang a top portion of the switch body  808 , and may be larger than the opening in the switch body  808  through which the shaft  805  extends. 
     The actuation member  802  also includes retention tabs  804  that are configured to engage with an undercut or other engagement feature of the switch body  808  to retain the actuation member  802  to the switch body  808 . For example, as shown in  FIG. 8 , the retention tabs  804  extend from the shaft  805  of the actuation member  802  and engage with an underside of the top portion of the switch body  808 . The top portion of the switch body  808  may include an opening defined by an edge, and the edge may include or define a group of recesses  806  that are configured to allow the retention tabs  804  to pass into the interior volume of the switch body  808 . The actuation member  802  may then be rotated until the retention tabs  804  are moved away from the recesses  806  and engage with or overlap the underside of the top portion of the switch body  808 . The switch body  808  may include a protrusion or other feature that limits rotational travel of the actuation member  802 . For example, a retention tab  804  or other protrusion may extend downwardly from the underside of the top portion of the switch body  808  at a position away from the recesses  806 . Thus, when the actuation member  802  is rotated after insertion into the opening, the retention tab  804  contacts the tab and prevents or limits further rotation. In this fashion, the retention tab  804  may prevent the actuation member from rotating back to its “insertion” position and so prevent decoupling of the actuation member from the switch body  808 . 
     Any of the components described herein may include fiducial markers (or simply “fiducials”) that facilitate pick-and-place or other automated assembly and manufacturing processes. For example, switch assemblies may include fiducials to facilitate assembly of a keyboard. More particularly, an assembly machine may include cameras, vision systems, or other sensors that detect the fiducials to help identify, locate, and position the components relative to one another during assembly of the keyboard. Similarly, a keyboard base or substrate may include fiducials to help position switch assemblies relative to the base during assembly of the keyboard. Fiducials may be incorporated in or on the components in any appropriate way. For example, they may be printed, applied (e.g., as a sticker or other layer), etched, molded, machined, or the like. 
     The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, used specific nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the specific details are not required in order to practice the described embodiments. Thus, the foregoing descriptions of the specific embodiments described herein are presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not targeted to be exhaustive or to limit the embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. Also, when used herein to refer to positions of components, the terms above and below, or their synonyms, do not necessarily refer to an absolute position relative to an external reference, but instead refer to the relative position of components with reference to the figures.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20170825
Publication Date: 20200825
Grant Date: 20200825
Priority Date: 20160829
Inventors: WANG, PAUL X.
GAO, ZHENG
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H01H2233/002", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H2223/03", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H2223/003", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H2221/03", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H2219/036", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H2213/01", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H2205/016", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H13/82", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H13/70", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H3/125", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H13/86", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H03K17/9629", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H03K17/9622", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H2215/004", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H2233/07", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H13/70", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H2223/042", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H2233/002", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H03K17/9622", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H03K17/9622", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H13/70", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H2233/002", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H2223/042", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H2215/004", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H2233/07", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 72140717