PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-10707032-B1
Application Number: US-201715829629-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B1

Title: Electronic device having travel-magnifying input/output structure

Abstract:
Electronic devices having input structures that are operative to translate a relatively small travel of an input surface to a larger travel elsewhere. For example, force exerted on an input surface of an input body may cause a corresponding input body to move a first distance. An arm, lever mechanism, or the like may have an end or other portion that moves a second distance in response to the input body&#39;s motion. The second distance may be greater than the first; in some embodiments, the second distance may be an order of magnitude or more than the first distance. The travel may close or open a switch in response to the force exerted on the input surface.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An electronic device, comprising:
 a housing surrounding an internal volume and defining an opening; 
 an input body within the opening, the input body configured to move a first distance in a first direction in response to a force input; 
 a connector terminus disposed within the internal volume; and 
 a flexible switch below the input body and comprising a distal end; wherein:
 in a first state, the distal end is separated from the connector terminus; 
 in a second state, the distal end contacts the connector terminus; 
 the distal end is configured to travel a second distance in a second direction as the input body moves, the second direction opposite the first direction; and 
 the second distance is greater than the first distance. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the electronic device further comprises:
 a cover glass affixed to the housing; and 
 a display positioned below the cover glass; 
 
 the electronic device is a mobile telephone; 
 the flexible switch is positioned below the input body and further comprises a proximal end opposite the distal end; 
 the connector terminus is offset from the input body along a perpendicular axis; and 
 the second distance is at least five times greater than the first distance. 
 
     
     
       3. The electronic device of  claim 2 , wherein the proximal end is configured to move the second distance. 
     
     
       4. The electronic device of  claim 1 , further comprising an internal support; wherein
 the flexible switch is configured to lie flat against the internal support in response to motion of the input body. 
 
     
     
       5. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the electronic device further comprises an internal support coupled to the housing and defining a recess; 
 the input body is configured to move into the recess; and 
 a portion of the flexible switch is configured to move into the recess. 
 
     
     
       6. The electronic device of  claim 5 , wherein the internal support comprises:
 a flat base; and 
 an angled sidewall, such that the flat base and angled sidewall define an obtuse angle within the recess. 
 
     
     
       7. The electronic device of  claim 6 , wherein the flexible switch is configured to lie flat against the flat base and the angled sidewall. 
     
     
       8. An electronic device, comprising:
 a housing; 
 an input body connected to the housing and configured to move in response to an input; 
 a flexible switch below the input body and comprising a distal end; and 
 a connector terminus configured to electrically contact the distal end; wherein:
 the input body is configured to move a first distance; 
 the flexible switch is configured to deform in response to the input body moving the first distance, thereby moving the distal end a second distance; and 
 the second distance is greater than the first distance. 
 
 
     
     
       9. The electronic device of  claim 8 , wherein the connector terminus electrically contacts the distal end when the input body is in a rest state. 
     
     
       10. The electronic device of  claim 8 , wherein the connector terminus is configured to break electrical contact with the distal end in response to the input body moving. 
     
     
       11. The electronic device of  claim 8 , wherein the distal end is offset along a perpendicular axis from the input body. 
     
     
       12. The electronic device of  claim 8 , further comprising a second connector terminus configured to form a second electrical connection with a proximal end of the flexible switch. 
     
     
       13. The electronic device of  claim 8 , wherein the second distance is at least ten times greater than the first distance. 
     
     
       14. The electronic device of  claim 8 , wherein the electronic device is a mobile phone or a watch. 
     
     
       15. An electronic device, comprising:
 a housing defining an internal volume and an opening; 
 an input body comprising an input surface, the input body configured to move into the internal volume in response to a force input on the input surface; 
 a flexible switch below the input body and having a first, a second, and a third connector point, each of the first, second, and third connector points offset from the input body; and 
 multiple connector termini disposed within the internal volume, each connector terminus of the multiple connector termini configured to form an electrical connection with one of the connector points; wherein: 
 the input body is configured to operate in a first state, a second state, and a third state; 
 the input body moves a first distance to assume the second state; 
 the input body moves a second distance to assume the third state, the second distance being greater than the first distance; 
 the first connector point contacts a first connector terminus to form a single electrical connection in the second state; 
 the first, the second, and the third connector points contact the first, a second, and a third connector termini, respectively, in the third state; and 
 no electrical connection is formed in the first state. 
 
     
     
       16. The electronic device of  claim 15 , wherein the second connector point is positioned between the first and the third connector points. 
     
     
       17. The electronic device of  claim 15 , further comprising a processor configured to output a switch-on signal if at least two electrical connections are made. 
     
     
       18. The electronic device of  claim 15 , further comprising a processor configured to output a switch-on signal if:
 the first connector point forms an electrical connection; and 
 at least one of the second and the third connector points form an electrical connection. 
 
     
     
       19. An electronic device comprising:
 a housing defining an internal volume and an opening; 
 an input body comprising an input surface, the input body configured to move into the internal volume in response to a force input on the input surface; 
 a flexible switch positioned below the input body; 
 a push rod positioned below the input body and configured to move with the input body; 
 a button retainer positioned below the input body and configured to receive the push rod; and 
 a sheet positioned below the push rod and configured to seal the flexible switch.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a nonprovisional patent application of and claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/429,708, filed Dec. 2, 2016 and titled “Electronic Device Having Travel-Magnifying Input/Output Structure,” the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     The described embodiments relate generally to input switches in an electronic device, particularly in applications with limited height and/or travel distances. More particularly, the present embodiments relate to a mechanical switch. In some embodiments, the switch is a travel-magnifying switch having an input body that travels a first, relatively small distance that is translated into a larger distance away from the input body. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Many electronic devices employ mechanical switches, such as collapsing dome switches, as input mechanisms. Mechanical switches are generally reliable and provide inherent haptic feedback, as a user can often feel the mechanism of the switch closing. 
     However, as electronic devices have become more space-constrained, mechanical switches have presented problems. Many mechanical switches need a minimum amount of space to operate. For example, a typical dome switch needs about 200 microns of travel for the dome to collapse and close the switch. This is especially problematic in very thin electronic devices. 
     Solid-state input structures may greatly reduce required space and particularly travel. Many solid-state buttons travel 10 microns or less when force is exerted thereon. Solid-state buttons can use force sensors to determine when the button is pressed, for example. The force sensor registers a change in capacitance, resistance, current, voltage, or other electrical value when the solid-state button moves or flexes, even though such motion may be very small. 
     Solid-state input structures tend to require much more power than classic mechanical input structures and also have relatively high latency. Further, solid-state input structures are relatively complex and expensive when compared to mechanical input structures. However, a mechanical switch configured to amplify and transfer input travel to another location may combine several advantages of traditional mechanical switches and solid-state input structures. For example, such a low-travel mechanical switch would provide the lower-cost and increased simplicity of a traditional mechanical switch with the low vertical switch profile typical in solid-state input structures. 
     SUMMARY 
     One embodiment described herein takes the form of an electronic device, comprising: a housing surrounding an internal volume and defining an opening; an input body within the opening, the input body configured to move a first distance in a first direction in response to a force input; a connector terminus disposed within the internal volume; and a flexible switch below the input body and comprising a distal end; wherein: in a first state, the distal end is separated from the connector terminus; in a second state, the distal end contacts the connector terminus; the distal end is configured to travel a second distance in a second direction as the input body moves, the second direction opposite the first direction; and the second distance is greater than the first distance. 
     Another embodiment takes the form of an electronic device, comprising: a housing; an input body connected to the housing and configured to move in response to an input; a flexible switch below the input body and comprising a distal end; and a connector terminus configured to electrically contact the distal end; wherein: the input body is configured to move a first distance; the flexible switch is configured to deform in response to the input body moving the first distance, thereby moving the distal end a second distance; and the second distance is greater than the first distance. 
     Still another embodiment may take the form of an electronic device, comprising: a housing defining an internal volume and an opening; an input body comprising an input surface, the input structure configured to move into the internal volume in response to a force input on the input surface; a flexible switch disposed below the input body and having a first, a second, and a third connector point, each of the first, second, and third connector points offset from the input body; and multiple connector termini disposed within the internal volume, each connector terminus of the multiple connector termini configured to form an electrical connection with one of the connector points; wherein: the input structure is configured to operate in a first state and a second state; no electrical connection is formed in the first state; and at least one electrical connection is formed in the second state. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The disclosure will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like structural elements, and in which: 
         FIG. 1A  illustrates a sample electronic device incorporating an input structure; 
         FIG. 1B  illustrates a second sample electronic device incorporating an input structure; 
         FIG. 2  is a cross-sectional view of a first example of an input structure, prior to receiving an input; 
         FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional view of the input structure of  FIG. 2 , after receiving an input; 
         FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional view of another example of an input structure, prior to receiving an input; 
         FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional view of the input structure of  FIG. 4 , after receiving an input; 
         FIG. 6  is a cross-sectional view of an input structure, prior to receiving an input; 
         FIG. 7  is a cross-sectional view of the input structure of  FIG. 6 , after receiving an input; 
         FIG. 8  is a cross-sectional view of another example of an input structure, prior to receiving an input; 
         FIG. 9  is a cross-sectional view of the input structure of  FIG. 8 , after receiving an input; 
         FIG. 10  is a cross-sectional view of another example of an input structure, prior to receiving an input; 
         FIG. 11  is a cross-sectional view of the input structure of  FIG. 10 , after receiving an input; 
         FIG. 12  is a cross-sectional view of another example of an input structure, prior to receiving an input; 
         FIG. 13  is a cross-sectional view of the input structure of  FIG. 12 , after receiving an input; 
         FIG. 14  is a cross-sectional view of another example of an input structure, prior to receiving an input; 
         FIG. 15  is a cross-sectional view of the input structure of  FIG. 14 , after receiving an input; 
         FIG. 16  is a cross-sectional view of an input structure adapted for use in a button-switch assembly; 
         FIG. 17  is a top-view of the input structure of  FIG. 16 , taken along line B-B in  FIG. 16  and showing one embodiment of a cross brace engaged with a flexible switch; 
         FIG. 18  is a cross-sectional view of another example of an input structure, prior to receiving an input; 
         FIG. 19  is a cross-sectional view of the input structure of  FIG. 18 , after receiving an input; 
         FIG. 20  is a cross-sectional view of another example of an input structure, prior to receiving an input; 
         FIG. 21  is a cross-sectional view of input structure of  FIG. 20 , after receiving an input of a first magnitude; 
         FIG. 22  is a cross-sectional view of the input structure of  FIG. 20 , after receiving an input of a second magnitude; 
         FIG. 23  is a cross-sectional view of another example of an input structure, prior to receiving an input; 
         FIG. 24  is a cross-sectional view of the input structure of  FIG. 23 , after receiving an input of a first magnitude; 
         FIG. 25  is a cross-sectional view of the input structure of  FIG. 23 , after receiving an input of a second magnitude; 
         FIG. 26  illustrates an example travel-force graph of an input structure according to various embodiments; and 
         FIG. 27  is a sample block diagram of an input structure and associated electronic components. 
     
    
    
     The use of cross-hatching in the figures is meant to indicate common elements in cross-section, and does not indicate any particular material forming those elements, or any color of those elements. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Reference will now be made in detail to representative embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the following descriptions are not intended to limit the embodiments to one preferred embodiment. To the contrary, it is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as can be included within the spirit and scope of the described embodiments as defined by the appended claims. 
     The following disclosure relates to electronic devices having input structures that are operative to translate a relatively small travel (for example, 10 microns) of an input surface to a larger travel (for example, 100 microns) elsewhere. For example, force exerted on an input surface of an input body may cause a corresponding input body to move a first distance. A flexible switch may take the form of an arm, lever mechanism, or the like (a “travel magnifier”) below the input body and defining an end or other portion that moves a second distance in response to the input body&#39;s motion. The second distance may be greater than the first; in some embodiments, the second distance may be an order of magnitude or more than the first distance. 
     The travel magnifier (e.g., flexible switch) may close or open a switch in response to the force exerted on the input surface. In many embodiments, the switch is not aligned along an input axis with the input surface. The “input axis” is an axis along which a force is exerted on the input surface. In many cases, the input axis is perpendicular to the input surface, or to a portion of the input surface touched by the object exerting an input force. Put another way, the input body generally travels or otherwise translates along the input axis. A “perpendicular axis” is perpendicular to the input axis. Stated another way, the input body does not travel along the perpendicular axis. Typically, there are multiple perpendicular axes and one input axis; the input body generally travels only along the input axis (although this may vary in other embodiments). The switch, or some portion of the switch that completes an electrical contact (such as a distal end), displaces generally along the same axis as the input body but may move in an opposite direction. 
     The switch may be offset along one or more perpendicular axes, such as laterally in an X or Y direction (assuming the input body travels along the Z axis), from the input surface and/or input body. This permits a great degree of latitude in positioning the switch within an electronic device. In many electronic devices, space is highly constrained. This is especially true as devices become thinner; thinner devices have less space between a front and back of the device to stack or layer components. This reduction in thickness (“height”) especially impacts mechanical switches, insofar as mechanical switches typically require a minimum travel distance to actuate. 
     Accordingly, offsetting the switch along a perpendicular axis from the input surface/input body, while maintaining a mechanical linkage between the two, permits use of a travel-magnifying input structure with a mechanical switch that utilizes relatively greater travel to operate. The mechanical switch may likewise be positioned in a portion of the electronic device that is not otherwise occupied by internal components, thereby providing additional flexibility in the layout of the electronic device. 
     Further, in the case of low-travel input mechanisms, switch contacts may not be sufficiently separated from one another to avoid electrical arcing when the input mechanism is in its rest state. For example, if an input body travels along the input axis in order to close a switch directly below the input body, then the distance between the switch contacts in the absence of an input force is the travel distance of the input body. If this distance is small (for example 5-50 microns or so), then electricity may arc between the contacts even when they are not touching, thus generating false input signals. Accordingly, a travel-magnifying input structure may separate electrical contacts by a distance that is greater than the travel distance of the input body, thereby reducing the likelihood of a false input. 
     As one example, locating a distal end or other portion of the switch laterally from the input surface/body may provide space to integrate modules that provide other functionality to the input body and its surface. For example, the input surface may relay a haptic output to a user touching the surface; a haptic module may generate the haptic output. Likewise, a biometric sensor (such as a fingerprint sensor) may be incorporated into the input structure or placed below the input structure, thereby obtaining a biometric input from a user touching the input surface. Insofar as the switch is not positioned below the input surface, the size and/or operation of the switch does not interfere with the size and/or operation of the biometric sensor. Sample biometric sensors may be capacitive, optical, or the like. Biometric sensors may be placed within the input body, within a protrusion abutting the input body, below switch members, and so on. 
     As another example, a switch may include more than one electrical contact point such that more than one contact point is required to activate and/or deactivate the switch. For example, a switch may have three electrical contact points such that the switch is activated when two or more electrical contacts are made. Such a switch may also be implemented to increase switch reliability or restrict undesirable fluctuations in a switch reading. For example, a switch with three electrical contact points may require that two or more electrical contact points be made to activate the switch but, once activated, may only require that one electrical contact point be made to keep the switch activated. 
     Some embodiments may employ both a haptic module and biometric sensor to provide enhanced functionality to the electronic device and, particularly, the input structure. Other embodiments may provide different and/or additional inputs and/or outputs via the input structure. For example, the input structure may be force-sensitive. That is, the input structure may be configured to provide an output that varies a force exerted thereon. The input structure may use a capacitive sensor, strain gage, or the like to output a force-varying signal. In such embodiments, the input structure may be affixed to a housing of the electronic device, and/or configured to flex or shift minimally with respect to the housing. Accordingly, the input structure may be a solid-state sensor, as one example. A solid-state input structure may move or deflect a small distance under a force (e.g., on the order of 50 microns or less, and 10 microns or less in some embodiments). 
     These and other embodiments are discussed below with reference to  FIGS. 1-27 . However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the detailed description given herein with respect to these Figures is for explanatory purposes only and should not be construed as limiting. 
       FIGS. 1A-1B  illustrate sample electronic devices  100  that may incorporate an input structure, as described herein. Although a mobile phone and watch are shown in  FIGS. 1A-1B , it should be appreciated that any number of electronic devices may incorporate travel magnifying input structures, including (but not limited to): computers; personal digital assistants; media players; wearable devices; touch-sensitive devices; keypads; keyboards; and so on. 
     Generally, an input body includes an input surface  102  that may be touched, pressed, or otherwise interacted with by a user (only the input surface  102  of the input body is shown in  FIG. 1A ). In the embodiments of  FIGS. 1A-B , the input structure is a button. The input surface  102  may translate, deflect, bend, or otherwise move a relatively small distance in response to user input. As one non-limiting example, the input surface  102  (and its corresponding input body, as discussed below) may move along the input axis approximately 50 microns or less (or, in some embodiments, approximately 10 microns or less than 10 microns) in response to user input. 
     The input surface  102  is set in an opening extending through a cover glass  104  of the electronic device  100 . The cover glass  104  may form part of an exterior structure or housing  120  of the electronic device. The housing  120  may define, surround, or otherwise encompass an internal volume. The housing may further define an opening extending into the internal volume. In some embodiments, the internal volume may contain electronic and/or structural components of the electronic device  100 , such as a processing unit, display, memory, battery, and the like. 
     The input body may translate into, or otherwise move into, the internal volume in response to a touch on the input surface  110 . In some embodiments, a display is positioned below, and visible through, the cover glass  104 . In certain embodiments, the input surface  110  may extend through a different portion of the housing, such as a sidewall, base, top piece other than the cover glass, and so on. The cover glass  104  may be omitted in certain electronic devices  100 . In some embodiments, the input body may be fully beneath the cover glass  104  or housing  120 ; the cover glass  104 /housing  120  may be locally flexible such that an input force exerted thereon is transmitted to the input body to initiate movement, as described elsewhere in this document. 
     Given the relatively small travel distance, a gasket, seal, or the like may prevent ingress of water, dust, and/or debris between the input surface  110  and the cover glass  104 . In one embodiment, a seal is positioned along a perimeter edge below the input surface  102 , such as along an edge of an input body which defines the input surface  102 . Accordingly, components within the electronic device  100  may be shielded from external contaminants. 
       FIGS. 2 and 3  are cross-sectional views taken along line A-A of  FIG. 1A .  FIGS. 2 and 3  illustrate an input structure  200  fitted to a housing  120  of an electronic device. The input structure  200  includes an input body  210  defining the input surface  110 , a protrusion  220  extending from the input body  210 , a flexible switch  230  below the input body, and a connector terminus  240 . A lower surface of the protrusion  220  contacts or couples to the flexible switch  230  located below the input body.  FIG. 2  depicts the flexible switch  230  in an unactuated or first state and  FIG. 3  depicts the flexible switch  230  in an actuated or second state. 
     An internal support  250  of the electronic device is disposed or positioned below the flexible switch  230  and coupled to the housing. The internal support  250  defines a recess  260  below a portion of the flexible switch  230 . The recess  260  is contained within the internal volume  124  of the electronic device. The recess  260  is located below a middle or medial portion of the flexible switch  230  positioned directly below the protrusion  220  and/or input body  210 . The recess may be disposed below and/or within a projected vertical plane of the input body  210  (e.g., at least part of the recess is aligned with the input body along the input axis). The recess  260  may, in some embodiments, provide a fail-safe travel stop to restrict the travel of the protrusion  220  to a maximum set distance. In some embodiments, the input body  210  may translate along the input axis a maximum of 10 microns, such that the protrusion  220  and/or other parts of the input body  210  enter the recess, as may portions of the flexible switch  230 . 
     The flexible switch  230  deforms into the recess  260  under force from the input body, but is generally straight in the absence of force exerted thereon. Accordingly, even though part of the flexible switch  230  overlies the recess  260  and is below the input body, the flexible switch  230  does not conform to the contour of the recess  260  when the input structure  200  and the flexible switch  230  are in a rest or first state. A first or proximal end  270  of the flexible switch  230  is fixed within the internal volume  124  of the electronic device. The proximal end  270  may be rigidly connected to at least a portion of the internal support  250 . A second or distal end  280  of the flexible switch  230  is free to move or displace the internal volume  124  of the electronic device, typically along the same axis as the input body, and sometimes in an opposite direction. The internal support may have a flat base and an angled sidewall extending from the flat base at a non-zero, non-right angle. The combination of base and angled sidewall may define an obtuse angle in the recess (e.g., the recess may not be rectangular in cross-section). The flexible switch  230  may deform in order to lie flat against the base and the angled sidewall, such that the flexible switch  230  may extend at a non-zero, non-right angle towards its distal end  280 . Put another way, when the input body is pressed, the flexible switch lies flat against, or otherwise conforms to, the base and angled sidewall of the recess such that a first portion of the flexible switch is flat against the base and a second portion of the flexible switch extends at an obtuse angle from the first portion to the distal end. 
     Comparing  FIGS. 2 and 3 , movement of the flexible switch  230  between a first state and a second state is depicted. Specifically, the input body  210  moves a first distance  291  along an input axis in response to a force input on the input surface  110 , and the distal end  280  moves a second distance  292  along the input axis in response to a force input on the input surface  110 . The distal end  280  displaces along the input axis but in an opposite direction to the motion of the input body. In the second state, the flexible switch  230  forms an electrical connection. The second distance  292  may be greater than the first distance  291 . The second distance  292  is offset from the first distance  291 . The depth of the cavity  260  and travel of the input body  210 /protrusion  220  is exaggerated in  FIG. 3  for clarity. 
     In response to a force input exerted on the input surface  110 , the input body  210  and protrusion  220  translate downward or inward, along an input axis, toward the recess  260 . As the input body  210  moves downward and, the protrusion  220  pushes a central or medial portion of the flexible switch  230  located below it into the recess  260 , as shown in  FIG. 3 . Because the proximal end  270  of the flexible switch  230  is fixed or rigidly secured, the free or distal end  280  of the flexible switch  230  deflects upward (toward the connector terminus  240  and cover glass  104 ) and in an opposite direction to the travel of the input body/protrusion. Thus, the flexible switch  230  travels between a rest or a first state in which no or negligible force input is received by the input surface  110 , to a second state in which a force input has been received. In the first state, the flexible switch  230  does not form an electrical connection within the internal volume  124 . In the second state, the flexible switch  230  forms an electrical connection within the internal volume  124 . Specifically, in the second state of the flexible switch  230 , the distal end  280  forms an electrical connection with the connector terminus  240 . 
     In one embodiment, upon an electrical contact between the flexible switch  230  and the connector terminus  240 , a signal may be output to a processor of the electrical device that indicates a positive electrical connection. An electrical connection between the distal end  280  of the flexible switch  230  and the connector terminus  240  (the second state of the flexible switch  230 ) may indicate a switch-on configuration of the flexible switch  230 . An absence of an electrical connection between the between the distal end  280  of the flexible switch  230  and the connector terminus  240  (the first state of the flexible switch  230 ) may indicate a switch-off configuration of the flexible switch  230 . The connector terminus  240  may be disposed outside or beyond a projected vertical plane of the input body  210  (e.g., offset along a perpendicular axis from the input body, such that no portion of the input body is coplanar with the connector terminus when the input body is in a rest state). 
     The distal end  280  of the flexible switch  230  translates upward in response to downward motion of the protrusion  220  and/or input body  210 . (It should be appreciated that the input body  210  may lack a protrusion in some embodiments and directly contact the flexible switch  230 .) The distance traveled by the distal end  280  is greater than the distance traveled by the protrusion; the portion of the flexible switch  230  between the recess  260  and distal end  280  acts as a lever arm to amplify the (vertical) travel movement. Accordingly, the relatively small input body  210  travel causes the distal end  280  to close a much greater gap. When force is removed from the input surface  110 , the input body  210  returns to the rest state shown in  FIG. 2 . In this rest state, the distal end  280  no longer contacts the connector terminus  240  and no input signal is generated. 
     In one embodiment, the second distance  292  is at least five times greater than the first distance  291 . In one embodiment, the second distance  292  is at more than five times greater than the first distance  291 . In one embodiment, the second distance  292  is at least ten times greater than the first distance  291 . In one embodiment, the second distance  292  is at more than ten times greater than the first distance  291 . 
     With attention to  FIG. 3 , the input body  210  is depicted at maximum travel, meaning that the input body  210  may no longer travel vertically (or inwards) within the opening  122  of the housing  120  of the electronic device (e.g., along an input axis). At the position of input body  210  maximum travel, a medial portion of the flexible switch  230  contacts an upper surface of the recess  260  and the distal end  280  contacts the connector terminus  240 . 
     In some embodiments, the flexible switch  230  may contour to the sidewalls of the recess  260  when the protrusion  220  and input body  210  are at their maximum travel distance, as depicted in  FIG. 3 . In other embodiments, the flexible switch  230  may be deflected by a lip, wall, discontinuity or the like of the internal volume  124  but not contour itself to the internal volume  124 . 
     The configuration of the recess  260  may affect the distance traveled by the distal end  280  of the flexible switch. For example, the angle of the distal wall of the recess  260  may vary the travel distance of the free end and the travel magnification of the input structure as a whole. Thus, by varying the shape, depth and other physical characteristics of the recess  260 , the degree of travel magnification of the flexible switch  230  may be altered. Thus, the distal end  280  may be tuned to travel more or less as a function of the input body/protrusion&#39;s travel. 
     The distal end  280  may passively or naturally return to its rest state upon the removal of a force input to the input surface  110 . That is, after the removal of the force input to input surface  110 , the flexible switch  230  will return to the substantially flat state of  FIG. 2 . Such passive return of the distal end  280  to a rest state is similar to a leaf spring, wherein removal of an imparted force results in a return to a nominal state. In some embodiments, the return of the distal end  280  to a rest or nominal state is facilitated or augmented by a return member, such as a spring, connected between the distal end  280  and the internal support  250 . 
       FIGS. 4-5  illustrate a travel-magnifying input structure  400  similar to that of  FIGS. 2-3 . In the embodiment of  FIGS. 4-5 , however, when the flexible switch  430  is in a rest or first state (shown in  FIG. 4 ), the distal end  480  of the flexible switch  430  is in contact with the connector terminus  440 , thereby forming an electrical connection and forming a switch-on configuration. Stated another way, when force is exerted on the input surface  110 , the input body  410  and protrusion  420  push part of the flexible switch  430  into the recess  460 . Accordingly, the switch opens in response to an input force on the input surface. In contrast, in the embodiment of  FIGS. 2-3 , when the flexible switch  230  is in a rest or first state (shown in  FIG. 2 ), no electrical contact is formed, forming a switch-off configuration. 
       FIGS. 4-5  are cross-sectional views taken along line A-A of  FIG. 1A . An input structure  400  fitted to a housing  120  of an electronic device. The input structure  400  includes an input body  410  defining the input surface  110 , a protrusion  420  extending from the input body  410 , a flexible switch  430  below the input body  410 , and a connector terminus  440 . The protrusion  420  contacts or couples to the flexible switch  430  at a lower surface of the protrusion  420 .  FIG. 4  depicts the flexible switch  430  in an unactuated or first state and  FIG. 5  depicts the flexible switch  430  in an actuated or second state. 
     Internal support  450  of the electronic device is disposed or positioned below the flexible switch  430  and may be coupled to the housing. The internal support  450  defines a recess  460  below a portion of the flexible switch  430 . The recess  460  is contained within the internal volume  124  of the electronic device and is positioned below a middle portion of the flexible switch  430  below the protrusion  420  and/or input body  410 . The recess may be disposed below and/or within a projected vertical plane of the input body  410 . 
     The flexible switch  430  deforms under force, but is generally straight in the absence of force exerted thereon. A first or proximal end  470  of the flexible switch  430  is fixed within the internal volume  124  of the electronic device. The proximal end  470  may be rigidly connected to at least a portion of the internal support  450 . A second or distal end  480  of the flexible switch  430  is free to move or move within the internal volume  124  of the electronic device. 
     Comparing  FIGS. 4 and 5 , movement of the flexible switch  430  between a first state and a second state is depicted. Specifically, the input body  410  moves a first distance  491  in response to a force input on the input surface  110 , and the distal end  480  moves a second distance  492  in response to a force input on the input surface  110 . In the first state, the flexible switch  430  forms an electrical connection. The second distance  492  may be greater than the first distance  491 . The second distance  492  is offset from the first distance  491 . The motion of the input body  410  and distal end  480  are along the same input axis, but in opposite directions. 
     In response to a force input exerted on the input surface  110 , the input body  410  and protrusion  420  translate downward or inward toward the recess  460 . As the input body  410  moves downward and contacts the flexible switch  430  located below it, the protrusion  420  pushes a middle portion of the flexible switch  430  into the recess  460 , as shown in  FIG. 5 . Because the proximal end  470  of the flexible switch  430  is fixed or rigidly secured, the free or distal end  480  of the flexible switch  430  deflects upward (e.g., in a direction opposite the direction of motion of the input body). Thus, the flexible switch  430  travels between a rest or a first state in which no or negligible force input is received by the input surface  110 , to a second state in which a force input has been received. In the first state, the flexible switch  430  forms an electrical connection within the internal volume  124 . In the second state, the flexible switch  430  does not form an electrical connection within the internal volume  124 . Specifically, in the first state of the flexible switch  430 , the distal end  480  forms an electrical connection with the connector terminus  440  and, upon sufficient force input to the input surface  110 , the flexible switch  430  actuates such that the electrical connection is broken and the switch moves from a switch-on to a switch-off position. When force input is removed from the input surface  110 , the input body  410  returns to the rest state shown in  FIG. 4 . When the input body  410  is in this rest state, the distal end  480  likewise returns to a rest or neutral state in which an electrical connection is made between the distal end  480  and the connector terminus  440 . 
     An electrical connection, and/or a change in an electrical connection, may generate a signal to a processor of the electrical device that indicates a positive electrical connection. For example, the opening of the flexible switch  430  may generate, or be interpreted as, an input signal by the electronic device. Thus, it should be appreciated that the travel-magnifying input structure  400  may either open or close a switch, and such opening and/or closing may provide an input signal. 
       FIGS. 6 and 7  depict an embodiment of an input structure  600  with a flexible switch  630  located below it. The flexible switch  630  is shown in a first state and a second state, respectively in  FIGS. 6 and 7 . This variant differs from those shown in  FIGS. 2-5  insofar as the input structure  600  lacks a recess within the opening  122  of the housing  120  of an electronic device, and a pair of components of the flexible switch  630  are moveable rather than just one component. More specifically, the flexible switch  630  includes a pair of distal ends  680  and a companion pair of proximal ends  670 . The flexible switch  630  is disposed below a protrusion  620  attached to the input body  610 . Also, unlike some other input structures described herein, the input structure  600  does not necessarily magnify a travel of its input body  610  or protrusion  620 . 
     Each of the pair of distal ends  680  translate downward in response to a force input applied to the input surface  110 . When the input body  610  and/or protrusion  620  are depressed (in one embodiment, have translated their maximum distance), the pair of distal ends  680  flex inward and down, such that the pair touch or contact one another (as depicted in  FIG. 7 .) When the pair of distal ends  680  contact, an electrical circuit is completed such that the flexible switch  630  is in a second state (a switch-on state.) 
     In the embodiment of  FIGS. 6-7 , when the flexible switch  630  is in a rest or first state (shown in  FIG. 6 ), the distal ends  680  of the flexible switch  630  are not in contact with one another, thereby not forming an electrical connection and presenting a switch-off configuration. When sufficient force input is exerted on the input surface  110 , the input body  610  and protrusion  620  push the pair of distal ends  480  together and the switch is closed. In contrast, in the embodiment of  FIGS. 4-5 , when the flexible switch  430  is in a rest or first state (shown in  FIG. 4 ), an electrical contact is formed, thereby presenting a switch-on configuration. 
     Internal support  650  of the electronic device is disposed or positioned below the flexible switch  630  and may be coupled to the housing. The internal support  650  defines a flat or planar surface below a portion of the flexible switch  630 . 
     The flexible switch  630  actuates under force exerted thereon by the input body. Each of the pair of proximal ends  670  of the flexible switch  630  are fixed within the internal volume  124  of the electronic device. The proximal end  670  may be rigidly connected to at least a portion of the internal support  650 . As described, each of the pair of distal ends  680  of the flexible switch  630  are free to move or move within the internal volume  124  of the electronic device. 
     Comparing  FIGS. 6 and 7 , movement of the flexible switch  630  between a first state and a second state is depicted. Specifically, the input body  610  moves a first distance  691  in response to a force input on the input surface  110 , and each of the distal ends  480  move (vertically, or inwardly from outside the opening  122  to into the opening  122 ) the same first distance  691 . In the first state (in which no or minimal force input is imparted to the input surface  110 ), the flexible switch  630  does not form an electrical connection. In the second state (in which a sufficient force input is imparted to the input surface  110 ), the flexible switch  630  does form an electrical connection. When the flexible switch  630  forms an electrical connection, the input structure  600  and/or the flexible switch  630  are deemed in a switch-on configuration or switch-on state. When the flexible switch  630  fails to form an electrical connection, the input structure  600  and/or the flexible switch  630  are deemed in a switch-off configuration or switch-off state. 
     When force input is removed from the input surface  110 , the input body  610  returns to the rest state shown in  FIG. 6 . When the input body  610  is in this rest state, the pair of distal ends  680  returns to a rest or neutral state in which an electrical connection is not formed between the pair of distal ends  680 . An electrical connection, and/or a change in an electrical connection, may generate a signal to a processor of the electrical device that indicates a positive electrical connection. For example, the closing of the flexible switch  630  may generate, or be interpreted as, an input signal by the electronic device. 
       FIGS. 8 and 9  depict an embodiment of an input structure  800  with a flexible switch  830  in a first state and a second state, respectively. This embodiment differs from those shown in earlier embodiments insofar as the input structure  800  includes a flexible switch  830  that is curved in a resting or nominal state. The input structure  800  includes an input body  810 , a protrusion  820 , a flexible switch  830 , and a connector terminus  840  supported by an internal support  850 . The flexible switch  830  is normally open when no force is exerted on the input surface  110  (e.g., the input structure  800  is in a rest state as shown in  FIG. 8 ). Similar to the embodiment of  FIGS. 6-7 , the embodiment of  FIGS. 8-9  does not include a recess formed in the internal volume  124  of the electronic device. As with prior embodiments, at least a portion of the input body  810  and/or protrusion  820  extends into an opening  122  within the housing. 
     In the embodiment of  FIGS. 8-9 , when the flexible switch  830  is in a rest or first state (shown in  FIG. 8 ), the distal end  880  of the flexible switch  830  is not in in contact with the connector terminus  840 , thereby forming a switch-off configuration. When a force input is exerted on the input surface  110 , the input body  810  and protrusion  820  push part of the flexible switch  830  downward and toward a flat surface of the internal support  850  such that the flexible switch lies flat against the internal support, ultimately connecting the distal end  880  with the connector terminus  840 . Accordingly, the switch closes in response to an input force on the input surface  110 . 
       FIGS. 8-9  are cross-sectional views taken along line A-A of  FIG. 1A . The input structure  800  is fitted to a housing  120  of an electronic device. The input structure  800  includes an input body  810  defining the input surface  110 , a protrusion  820  extending from the input body  810 , a flexible switch  830  located below the input body, and a connector terminus  840 . The protrusion  820  contacts or couples to the flexible switch  830  at a lower surface of the protrusion  820 .  FIG. 8  depicts the flexible switch  830  in an unactuated or first state and  FIG. 9  depicts the flexible switch  830  in an actuated or second state. 
     The flexible switch  830  is curved. As the input body  810  and protrusion  820  travel downward, a force is exerted on an upper surface of the flexible switch  830 . The flexible switch  830  straightens in response to that force, thereby moving the distal end  880  toward the connector terminus  840 . When the input body  810  and protrusion  820  have moved their maximum distance, the flexible switch  830  is generally straight and pressed against the internal support  850  by the protrusion  820 . Further, the distal end  880  of the flexible switch  830  contacts the connector terminus  840 , thereby creating an electrical connection between the two members (thus closing a switch). 
     The proximal end  870  of the flexible switch  830  is fixed within the internal volume  124  of the electronic device. The proximal end  870  may be rigidly connected to at least a portion of the internal support  850 . A second or distal end  880  of the flexible switch  830  is free to move or move within the internal volume  124  of the electronic device. Internal support  850  of the electronic device is disposed or positioned below the flexible switch  830 . The internal support  850  includes a generally planar or flat upper surface that is fitted to engage a lower surface of the flexible switch  830 . 
     In response to a force input exerted on the input surface  110 , the input body  810  and protrusion  420  translate downward or inward toward the upper surface of the internal support  850 . As the input body  810  moves downward, the protrusion  820  pushes a middle portion of the flexible switch  830 , such that the distal end  880  contacts the connector terminus  840 , as shown in  FIG. 9 . Because the proximal end  870  of the flexible switch  830  is fixed or rigidly secured, the free or distal end  880  of the flexible switch  830  deflects upward, or otherwise in a direction opposite a direction of motion of the input body  810 . Thus, the flexible switch  830  travels between a rest or a first state in which no or negligible force input is received by the input surface  110 , to a second state in which a force input has been received. In the first state, the flexible switch  830  does not form an electrical connection within the internal volume  124 . In the second state, the flexible switch  830  does form an electrical connection within the internal volume  124 . Specifically, in the first state of the flexible switch  830 , the distal end  880  does not form an electrical connection with the connector terminus  840  and, upon sufficient force input to the input surface  110 , the flexible switch  830  actuates such that the electrical connection is broken and the switch moves from a switch-on to a switch-off position. When force input is removed from the input surface  110 , the input structure  800  returns to the rest state shown in  FIG. 8 . In this rest state, the distal end  880  returns to a rest or neutral state in which no electrical connection is made between the distal end  880  and the connector terminus  840 . An electrical connection, and/or a change in an electrical connection, may generate a signal to a processor of the electrical device that indicates a positive electrical connection. 
       FIGS. 10 and 11  illustrate yet another input structure  1000  with a flexible switch  1130  in a first state and a second state, respectively. Unlike many of the previous input structures described herein, the input structure  1000  does not necessarily magnify a travel of its input body  1110  or protrusion  1120 . The input structure  1000  includes a pair of connector termini that may contact a pair of ends of the flexible switch  1130 . The input structure  1000  is nominally in a switch-on state. The input structure  1000  includes an input body  1010  defining the input surface  110 , a protrusion  1020  extending from the input body  1010 , and a flexible switch  1030  located below the input body. 
     Each of the proximal end  1070  and distal end  1080  of the flexible switch  1130  translate downward in response to a force input applied to the input surface  110 . When the input body  1010  and/or protrusion  1020  are depressed (in one embodiment, have translated their maximum distance), the proximal end  1070  and distal end  1080  move downward, such that one or both of the proximal end  1070  and the distal end  1080  contact first connector terminus and second connector terminus  1141 , respectively (as depicted in  FIG. 11 .) When one or both of such connections are made, an electrical circuit is completed such that the flexible switch  1030  is in a second state (a switch-off state.) 
     In the embodiment of  FIGS. 10-11 , when the flexible switch  1030  is in a rest or first state (shown in  FIG. 10 ), the proximal end  1070  is in contact with the first connector terminus  1040 , and the distal end  1080  is in contact with the second connector terminus  1141 , thereby forming an electrical connection and presenting a switch-on configuration. When sufficient force input is exerted on the input surface  110 , the input body  1010  and protrusion  1020  push the two ends of the flexible switch  1030  downward and the connection to the connector termini is lost, thereby opening the switch. 
     The flexible switch  1030  is connected to a lower surface of the protrusion  1120 . Internal support  1050  of the electronic device is disposed or positioned below the flexible switch  1030 . The internal support  1050  defines a flat or planar surface below a portion of the flexible switch  1030 . In the first or nominal state of the flexible switch  1030 , a gap exists between the lower surface of the flexible switch  1030  and the upper surface of the internal support  1050 . It should be appreciated that the internal support  1050  may be flexible or otherwise deform under force exerted by the input body  1110  and/or protrusion  1120 , and return to an undeformed state when the force is removed. 
     Each of the pair of connector termini are fixed within the internal volume  124  of the electronic device. More specifically, first connector terminus  1140  is rigidly positioned within the internal volume  124 , for example, to an edge surface of the internal volume  124 . Also, second connector terminus  1141  is rigidly positioned within the internal volume  124 , for example, to an edge surface of the internal volume  124 . 
     Comparing  FIGS. 10 and 11 , movement of the flexible switch  1030  between a first state and a second state is depicted. Specifically, the input body  1010  moves a first distance  1091  in response to a force input on the input surface  110 , and each of proximal end  1040  and distal end  1041  move vertically downward a second distance  1092 . In this embodiment, first distance  1091  and second distance  1092  are substantially equal. In the first state (in which no or minimal force input is imparted to the input surface  110 ), the flexible switch  1030  forms an electrical connection. In the second state (in which a sufficient force input is imparted to the input surface  110 ), the flexible switch  1030  does not form an electrical connection. 
     When force input is removed from the input surface  110 , the input structure  1000  returns to the rest state shown in  FIG. 10 . In this rest state, each of proximal end  1070  and distal end  1080  contact respective first connector terminus  1140  and second connector terminus  1141  in which an electrical connection is formed (a switch-on configuration.) 
     It is noted that insofar as the nominal state of the input structure  1000  is of a closed switch or switch-on configuration, even a momentary opening of the switch may generate an input signal. Accordingly, shorting of the contact termini  1140 ,  1141  is of less concern in this embodiment than in those in which the switch is nominally open. 
       FIGS. 12 and 13  illustrate another input structure  1200  with a flexible switch  1230  in a first state and a second state, respectively. As with prior embodiments, the travel-magnifying input structure  1200  includes an input body  1210  defining an input surface  110 , a protrusion  1220  depending from the input body  1210 , and a flexible switch  1230  below the input body. Similar to the embodiment of  FIGS. 10-11 , the switch member electrically connects two electrical contacts. The flexible switch  1230  of the input structure  1200  magnifies a travel of the input body  1210  or protrusion  1220 . The input structure  1200  is nominally in an on state. The flexible switch  1230  deforms under force, but is generally straight in the absence of force exerted thereon (see  FIG. 12 .) 
     Internal support  1250  of the electronic device is disposed or positioned below the flexible switch  1230 . The internal support  1250  defines a recess  1260  below a portion of the flexible switch  1230 . The recess  1260  is contained within the internal volume  124  of the electronic device and is positioned below a middle portion of the flexible switch  1230  below the protrusion  1220  and/or input body  1210 . The recess may be disposed below and at least within a projected vertical plane of the input body  1210 . The flexible switch  1230  is connected to a lower surface of the protrusion  1220 . Internal support  1050  of the electronic device is disposed or positioned below the flexible switch  1030 . 
     Each of the proximal end  1270  and distal end  1280  of the flexible switch  1130  translate upward in response to a force input applied to the input surface  110 . When the input body  1210  and/or protrusion  1220  are depressed (in one embodiment, have translated their maximum distance), the proximal end  1270  and distal end  1280  move upward, such that one or both of the proximal end  1270  and the distal end  1280  break contact with first connector terminus  1240  and second connector terminus  1241 , respectively (as depicted in  FIG. 13 ). Put another way, the proximal and distal ends  1270 ,  1280  move in directions opposite a direction of motion of the input body  1210 . When one or both of such connections are broken, an electrical circuit is broken such that the flexible switch  1230  is in a second state (here, a switch-off state.) Note that the flexing each of the proximal end  1270  and distal end  1280  so as to flex upwards is facilitated by a pair of lever pins  1290 , which acts as lever points. 
     In the embodiment of  FIGS. 12-13 , when the flexible switch  1230  is in a rest or first state (shown in  FIG. 12 ), the proximal end  1270  is in contact with the first connector terminus  1240 , and the distal end  1280  is in contact with the second connector terminus  1241 , thereby forming an electrical connection and presenting a switch-on configuration. When sufficient force input is exerted on the input surface  110 , the input body  1210  and protrusion  1220  push the two ends of the flexible switch  1230  upward and the connection to the connector termini is lost, thereby opening the switch. 
     Each of the pair of connector termini are fixed within the internal volume  124  of the electronic device. More specifically, first connector terminus  1240  is rigidly positioned within the internal volume  124 , for example, to an edge surface of the internal volume  124 . Also, second connector terminus  1241  is rigidly positioned within the internal volume  124 , for example, to an edge surface of the internal volume  124 . 
     Comparing  FIGS. 12 and 13 , movement of the flexible switch  1230  between a first state and a second state is depicted. Specifically, the input body  1210  moves downward a first distance  1291  in response to a force input on the input surface  110 , and each of proximal end  1270  and distal end  1280  move vertically upward a second distance  1292 , such that their directions of motion are opposite a direction of motion of the input body  1210 . In this embodiment, second distance  1292  is greater than first distance  1291 . In the first state (in which no or minimal force input is imparted to the input surface  110 ), the flexible switch  1230  forms an electrical connection. In the second state (in which a sufficient force input is imparted to the input surface  110 ), the flexible switch  1230  does not form an electrical connection. When force input is removed from the input surface  110 , the input structure  1200  returns to the rest state shown in  FIG. 12 . 
       FIGS. 14 and 15  illustrate another example of an input structure, in a first state and a second state, respectively. As with prior embodiments, the travel-magnifying input structure  1400  includes a flexible switch  1430 . Similar to the embodiment of  FIGS. 12 and 13 , the switch member electrically connects two electrical contacts when the input structure  1400  is in a nominal or rest state, shown in  FIG. 14 . Accordingly, the switch formed by the electrical contacts and flexible switch is closed in a rest or first state. 
     In contrast to previous embodiments, the travel-magnifying input structure  1400  receives input by way of bending of the cover glass  104  (or, in other embodiments, a housing). When a user imparts a force input by pressing the cover glass  104 , the cover glass slightly bends or bows, which imparts an input force to an input body  1410 . At a given threshold level of input force, a corresponding threshold level of vertical movement of input body  1410  results, such that the flexible switch  1430  flips from a nominally upward curved shape (as shown in  FIG. 14 ), to a downward curved shape (as shown in  FIG. 15 .) When the flexible switch  1430  is in the downward curved shape of  FIG. 15 , a central portion of the flexible switch  1430  descends into the recess  1460  and each of proximal end  1470  and distal end  1480  break contact with respective connector terminus  1440 ,  1441 . Stated another way, upon sufficient force input to input body  1410 , each of proximal end  1470  and distal end  1480  deflect upward such that electrical contact with respective first connector terminus  1440  and second connector terminus  1441  are broken (and the formerly closed switch is opened.) 
     Internal support  1450  of the electronic device is disposed or positioned below the flexible switch  1430 . The internal support  1450  defines a recess  1460  below a portion of the flexible switch  1430 . The recess  1460  is contained within the internal volume  124  of the electronic device and is positioned below a middle portion of the flexible switch  1430  below the input body  1410 . An upper surface of the flexible connector is connected to a lower surface of the input body  1410 . 
     Each of the pair of connector termini  1440 ,  1441  are fixed within the internal volume  124  of the electronic device. More specifically, first connector terminus  1440  is rigidly positioned within the internal volume  124 , for example, inserted into an edge surface of the internal volume  124 . Also, second connector terminus  1441  is rigidly positioned within the internal volume  124 . 
     Comparing  FIGS. 14 and 15 , movement of the flexible switch  1430  between a first state and a second state is depicted. Specifically, the input body  1410  (as well as the cover glass  104 ) moves a first distance  1491  in response to a force input on the input surface  110 , and each of proximal end  1470  and distal end  1480  move vertically upward a second distance  1492 . In this embodiment, second distance  1492  is greater than first distance  1491 . In the first state (in which no or minimal force input is imparted to the input surface  110 ), the flexible switch  1430  forms an electrical connection. In the second state (in which a sufficient force input is imparted to the input surface  110 ), the flexible switch  1430  does not form an electrical connection. When force input is removed from the input surface  110 , the input structure  1400  returns to the rest state shown in  FIG. 14 . 
     The curved flexible switch  1430  is retained or secured by a cross brace  1490 . The cross brace  1490  encircles input body  1410  and imparts a pre-load force to flexible switch  1430 . In a first state of the travel-magnifying input structure  1400  (as shown in  FIG. 14 ), cross brace  1490  imparts a nominal force to flexible switch  1430 . The nominal force functions to retain the flexible switch  1430  in place. The flexible switch  1430  is disposed above internal support  1450  defining recess  1460 . 
     As with other embodiments, the distance traveled by each of proximal end  1470  and distal end  1480  may be greater than the distance traveled by the input body  1410 . For example, as provided in early embodiments, the second distance  1492  may be at least five, more than five, at least ten, and/or more than ten times greater than the first distance  1491 . Further, and also similar to other embodiments, the location of the switch contact may be laterally moved from the location of the input body  1410 . 
       FIG. 16  depicts a cross-section view of a button-switch assembly  1601  comprising an input structure  1600  adapted for use in a button-switch assembly  1601  of an electronic device  100 . The travel-magnifying input structure  1600  is similar to that of  FIGS. 14 and 15 . However, in contrast to the embodiment of  FIGS. 14 and 15 , the travel-magnifying input structure  1600  is actuated by way of a push rod  1616  disposed below a button cap  1603 . The button cap  1603  translates an input force to the travel-magnifying input structure  1600  by way of push rod  1616 . Also, the flexible switch  1640  is substantially horizontally flat before receiving an input, rather than an upwardly curved shape. However, similar to the embodiment of  FIGS. 14 and 15 , the switch member electrically connects two electrical contacts  1670  when the travel-magnifying input structure  1600  is in its rest state, shown in  FIG. 16 . Accordingly, the switch formed by the electrical contacts and flexible switch is closed. 
     When a user presses the button cap  1603 , the button cap  1603  descends downward within housing  1602  and in turn presses push rod  1616  downward. Push rod  1616  imparts a downward force to in nub  1610 , which in turn presses flexible switch  1640 . At a given threshold level of input force from nub  1610 , the flexible switch  1640  flips from a nominally flat shape (as shown in  FIG. 16 ), to a downward curved shape. When the flexible switch  1640  is in the downward curved shape, a central portion of the flexible switch  1640  descends into the recess  1660  and the free ends of flexible switch  1640  no longer form an electrical connection with the electrical contacts  1670 . Thus, the switch circuit is broken and the switch opens. 
     Returning to the environment of the button-switch assembly  1601 , button cap  1603  is disposed within a button aperture defined in the housing  1602 . In some examples, the button cap  1603  can form a substantially continuous surface with the housing  1602 . The button cap  1603  can be substantially flush with the external surface of the housing  1602 . In some embodiments, the button cap  1603  can protrude from the housing  1602  such that an external surface of the button cap  1603  protrudes from the external surface of the housing  1602 . 
     The button cap  1603  may comprise a button retainer  1604  and a bracket  1606 . The button cap  1603  is retained at least partially in a counter bore of the housing  1602  by the button retainer  1604 , and is biased away from the button retainer  1604  by one or more compressible biasing members  1620 . Further, the button cap  1603  abuts or is adjacent to a first end of the push rod  1616 , which may extend through the button retainer  1604 . A second end of the push rod  1616  may abut or be disposed near the travel-magnifying input  1600 , as described above. The travel-magnifying input structure  1600  may be affixed to the bracket  1606 . One or more fasteners such as the screws  1608  may affix the bracket  1606  to the button retainer  1604  to clamp the button cap  1603  to the housing  1602  around a ledge of the housing  1602 . A gasket seal  1610  may be positioned between an extension or underside of the button retainer  1604  and the ledge of a counter bore of the housing  1602 . Seal  1618  may be positioned between paired extensions of the push rod  1616 . The seal  1618  can be an annular seal (e.g., O-ring) that is sized to touch and/or compress against both the interior of the through-hole of the button retainer  1604  and the push rod  1616 . 
     The push rod  1616  may couple the travel-magnifying input structure  1600  to the button cap  1603 . The push rod  1616  may be disposed within a through-hole (e.g., aperture, hole, opening, and so on) of the button retainer  1604 . The through-hole of the button retainer  1604  and the push rod  1616  may be formed so that the push rod  1616  can axially translate within the through-hole. More particularly, the push rod  1616  can move both upwardly and downwardly within the through-hole. 
     Bracket  1606  secures the travel-magnifying input structure  1600  relative to housing  1602 . Bracket  1606  may be attached to button retainer  1604  by any of several means, e.g. by welding or adhesion. Sheet  1695  is disposed over nub  1610  and cross brace  1690 , and may function to seal the travel-magnifying input structure  1600 . 
       FIG. 17  is a top-view of the travel-magnifying input structure  1600  of  FIG. 16 , taken along line B-B in  FIG. 16 . Cross brace  1690  is configured to fit around an input surface  1610  of input structure  1600 . Cross brace  1690  imparts a preload to flexible switch  1640  to bias the flexible switch  1640  away from recess  1660 . The cross brace  1690  secures the flexible switch  1640  below the input body  1610  and above the recess  1660 , and prevents lateral or longitudinal movement of the flexible switch  1640 . Other configurations, e.g. geometries, of the cross brace  1690  are possible. 
       FIGS. 18 and 19  illustrate another input structure  1800  with a flexible switch  1820  in a first state and a second state, respectively. Unlike many of the previous input structures described herein, the input structure  1800  does not necessarily magnify a travel of its input body  1810 , but may provide improved robustness of electrical connections and/or of switch operation. The input structure  1800  includes three connector termini that may contact one, two or three portions of the flexible switch  1820 . The flexible switch  1820  is nominally in a switch-off state. The input structure  1800  includes an input body  1810  defining the input surface  110 . The input body  1810  forms a top-hat geometry. 
     The flexible switch  1820  includes a proximal end  1824  and a distal end  1825 . Each of the proximal end  1824  and a distal end  1825  are rigidly connected to a respective first cavity wall  1844  and second cavity wall  1845 . The flexible switch  1820  is disposed within an internal volume  1860  of an electronic device. The flexible switch  1820  includes three connector points, each configured to form an electrical connection with connector termini disposed below a respective connector point. 
     A set of three connector termini are disposed on a bottom or lower surface of the internal volume  1860 . Each of first connector terminus  1836 , second connector terminus  1832 , and third connector terminus  1837  are disposed on a bottom or lower surface of internal volume  1860 . 
     Each of the three connector points is configured to form an electrical connection with connector termini disposed below a respective connector point. Specifically, the first connector point  1826  is configured to connect with first connector terminus  1836 , the second connector point  1822  is configured to connect with second connector terminus  1832 , and the third connector point  1827  is configured to connect with third connector terminus  1837 . 
     When the flexible switch  1830  is in a rest or first state (shown in  FIG. 18 ), none of the three connector points are connected with any of the respective connector termini. In the first state of the flexible switch, the switch is inactive or in a switch-off state. However, upon a sufficient force input to the input surface  110 , the input body  110  moves downward a distance  1891 , and each of the three connector points connects with a respective connector terminus. Stated another way, upon a sufficient input force to input surface  110 , the first connector point  1826  connects with the first connector terminus  1836 , the second connector point  1822  connects with the second connector terminus  1832 , and the third connector point  1827  connects with the third connector terminus  1837 . In this later configuration, the flexible switch  1820  is in a second state or a switch-on state. When force input is removed from the input surface  110 , the input structure  1800  returns to the rest state shown in  FIG. 18 . 
       FIGS. 20-22  illustrate another input structure  2000  with a flexible switch  2020  in a first, second, and third state, respectively. Unlike many of the previous input structures described herein, the input structure  2000  does not necessarily magnify a travel of its input body  2010 , but may provide improved robustness of electrical connections and/or of switch operation. Also, the input structure  2000  provides a three-position switch, and may be configured to provide a switch with hysteresis, in that switch operation when a force is applied in a downward direction is different than switch operation in an upward direction. The input structure  2000  includes three connector termini that may contact one, two or three portions of the flexible switch  2020 . The flexible switch  2020  is nominally in a switch-off state. The input structure  2000  includes an input body  2010  defining the input surface  110 . The input body  2010  forms a top-hat geometry. 
     The flexible switch  2020  includes a proximal end  2024  and a distal end  2025 . Each of the proximal end  2024  and a distal end  2025  are rigidly connected to a respective first cavity wall  2044  and second cavity wall  2045 . The flexible switch  2020  is fitted within an internal volume  2060  of an electronic device. The flexible switch  2020  includes three connector points, each configured to form an electrical connection with a connector terminus disposed below a respective connector point. A set of three connector termini are disposed on a bottom or lower surface of the internal volume  2060 . Each of first connector terminus  2036 , second connector terminus  2032 , and third connector terminus  2037  are disposed on a bottom or lower surface of internal volume  2060 . 
     Similar to the embodiment of  FIGS. 18-19 , each of the three connector points is configured to form an electrical connection with a connector terminus disposed below a respective connector point. Specifically, the first connector point  2026  is configured to connect with first connector terminus  2036 . The second connector point  2022  is configured to connect with second connector terminus  2032 , and the third connector point  2027  is configured to connect with third connector terminus  2037 . 
     When the flexible switch  2020  is in a rest or first state (shown in  FIG. 20 ), none of the three connector points are connected with any of the respective connector termini. In the first state of the flexible switch, the switch is inactive or in a switch-off state. 
     Upon a force input of a first magnitude to the input surface  110 , the input body  110  moves downward a distance  2091 , and one of the three connector points connects with a respective connector terminus. Specifically, upon a force input of a first magnitude to input surface  110 , the first connector point  2026  connects with the first connector terminus  2036 , as depicted in  FIG. 21 . The configuration of  FIG. 21 , in which one of the three connector points connects with a respective connector terminus, may be considered a second state of the flexible switch  2020 . 
     Upon a force input of a second magnitude (greater than the first magnitude) to the input surface  110 , the input body  110  moves downward a distance  2092  that is greater than distance  2091 , and all three connector points connect with a respective connector terminus. The configuration of  FIG. 22 , in which each of the three connector points connects with a respective connector terminus, may be considered a third state of the flexible switch  2020 . 
     The three states of the flexible switch  2020  allow several operations, as controlled by a processor of the electronic device hosting the input structure  2000 . For example, each of three states may be used to trigger features of the electronic device, such as three distinct user profile settings, three brightness levels for a display, and the like. 
     As briefly discussed, the input structure  2000  may be configured to provide a switch with hysteresis, in that switch operation when a force is applied in a downward direction is different than switch operation in an upward direction. For example, if a switch-on/switch-off switch is desired that is less sensitive to the release of applied force than the application of applied force, the flexible switch  2020  may trigger different operations by a processor of the electronic device depending on the directionality of the force input to the input surface  110 . Specifically, if a downward (or increasing force) is applied to the input surface  110 , the processor may trigger a switch-on status only once all three connections are made. However, if the applied force is decreasing from a configuration in which all three were made, the processor may not change the switch status from switch-on to switch-off until two (rather than just one) connection is lost. Thus, the input structure will provide a switch that is less sensitive to a decreasing applied force than an increasing applied force. 
       FIGS. 23-25  illustrate another input structure  2300  with flexible switches  2320 ,  2330 ,  2340  in a first, second, and third state, respectively. The input structure  2300  does not necessarily magnify a travel of its input body  2410 , but may provide improved robustness of switch operations. The input structure  2300  provides a three-position switch, and may be configured to provide a switch with hysteresis, similar to the operations of the embodiment of  FIGS. 21-22 . 
     The input structure  2300  includes a set of three flexible switches  2320 ,  2330 ,  2340 , each fitted with a connection point. First flexible switch  2320  includes a first connection point disposed at a lower surface of the input body  2410 . Second flexible switch  2330  includes a second connection point  2332 . Third flexible switch  2340  includes a second connection point  2342 . The input structure  2300  is nominally in a switch-off state. The input structure  2300  includes an input body  2410  defining the input surface  110 . The input body  2410  forms a top-hat geometry. 
     The three flexible switches  2320 ,  2330 ,  2340  cooperate to form three states of the input structure  2300 . In state one, no connection is made between any of the connection points, as depicted in  FIG. 23 . In state two, the first connection point disposed at a lower surface of the input body  2410  is connected with the second connection point  2332 , as depicted in  FIG. 24 . In state three, the first connection point disposed at a lower surface of the input body  2410  is connected with the second connection point  2332 , and the second connection point  2332  is connected with the third connection point  2342 , as depicted in  FIG. 25 . 
     The three states of the input structure  2300  are determined by the magnitude of force input to the input surface  110 . When no or minimal force input is applied to the input surface  110 , the input structure  2300  operates in a first state. Upon a force input of a first magnitude to the input surface  110 , the input body  110  moves downward a first distance  2391 , and a pair of connector points connects together. Specifically, upon a force input of a first magnitude to input surface  110 , the first connection point disposed at a lower surface of the input body  2410  connects with the second connection point  2332 , as depicted in  FIG. 24 . When a force input of a second magnitude (greater than the first magnitude) is provided to the input surface  110 , the input body  110  moves downward a second distance  2392  that is greater than first distance  2391 , and all three connector points connect, as depicted in  FIG. 25 . 
     The three states of the flexible switch  2320  allow several operations, as controlled by a processor of the electronic device hosting the input structure  2300 . For example, each of three states may be used to trigger features of the electronic device, such as three distinct user profile settings, three brightness levels for a display, and the like, as discussed above with respect to the embodiment of  FIGS. 21-22 , to include providing a switch with hysteresis. 
       FIG. 26  is an example graph illustrating a travel-force curve  2600  of a travel-magnifying input structure. As illustrated, a travel-magnifying input structure receives an input force which is translated to a movement or travel of the travel-magnifying input structure, such as an end of the flexible switch. The vertical movement of an end of the travel-magnifying switch member is plotted on the x-axis, and the input force, to the travel-magnifying input switch, is plotted on the y-axis. At a position of no travel, that is, at x-axis of 0, a positive force is held by or imparted to the travel-magnifying switch, identified at PL. With increasing input force, the switch travels to a position OT, corresponding to an input force OF, wherein the switch either breaks contact (e.g. the embodiment of  FIGS. 14 and 15 ) or makes contact (e.g. the embodiment of  FIGS. 2 and 3 ) with a conductive member to break or complete a circuit. Continued input force to the switch will result in a point where the flexible switch “bottoms out” and is structurally prevented from movement. This point is shown as point P 2  of the travel-force curve  2600 , at travel MT and input force MF. 
       FIG. 27  is a sample block diagram of an input structure and associated electronic components. The sample input structure  2700  typically includes the components mentioned above; an input body  2710  and mechanical switch  2720  are illustrated here for clarity. The mechanical switch  2720  may be formed by any combination of flexible switches, connector termini, electrical contacts, and/or supports as previously discussed. 
     As also previously discussed, motion of the input body  2710  may close (or, in some embodiments, open) the mechanical switch  2720 , thereby generating an input signal received by a processing unit  2730 . The processing unit, in turn may instruct a haptic device  2750  to provide a haptic output to the input body  2710 . This haptic output may be perceived by a user touching the input body  2710 , thereby confirming the user&#39;s input or providing other tactile feedback to the user. 
     The processing unit  2730  may also instruct a biometric sensor  2740  to capture a biometric datum from the user. Often, the biometric sensor is located below the input body and may sense the user&#39;s biometric datum through the input body. The biometric sensor may be a capacitive, ultrasonic, or optical fingerprint sensor, for example. The biometric sensor may capture other biometric data, such as pulse rate, vascular pattern, and so on instead of or in addition to a fingerprint. This data may be used to unlock an associated electronic device, provide access to certain functions of the electronic device, or initiate other inputs or outputs. 
     The haptic device  2750  and/or biometric sensor  2740  may be separate electrical components or may be packaged together with, and optionally as part of, the input structure  2700 . 
     The present disclosure recognizes that personal information data, including biometric data, in the present technology, can be used to the benefit of users. For example, the use of biometric authentication data can be used for convenient access to device features without the use of passwords. In other examples, user biometric data is collected for providing users with feedback about their health or fitness levels. Further, other uses for personal information data, including biometric data, that benefit the user are also contemplated by the present disclosure. 
     The present disclosure further contemplates that the entities responsible for the collection, analysis, disclosure, transfer, storage, or other use of such personal information data will comply with well-established privacy policies and/or privacy practices. In particular, such entities should implement and consistently use privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining personal information data private and secure, including the use of data encryption and security methods that meets or exceeds industry or government standards. For example, personal information from users should be collected for legitimate and reasonable uses of the entity and not shared or sold outside of those legitimate uses. Further, such collection should occur only after receiving the informed consent of the users. Additionally, such entities would take any needed steps for safeguarding and securing access to such personal information data and ensuring that others with access to the personal information data adhere to their privacy policies and procedures. Further, such entities can subject themselves to evaluation by third parties to certify their adherence to widely accepted privacy policies and practices. 
     Despite the foregoing, the present disclosure also contemplates embodiments in which users selectively block the use of, or access to, personal information data, including biometric data. That is, the present disclosure contemplates that hardware and/or software elements can be provided to prevent or block access to such personal information data. For example, in the case of biometric authentication methods, the present technology can be configured to allow users to optionally bypass biometric authentication steps by providing secure information such as passwords, personal identification numbers (PINS), touch gestures, or other authentication methods, alone or in combination, known to those of skill in the art. In another example, users can select to remove, disable, or restrict access to certain health-related applications collecting users&#39; personal health or fitness data. 
     The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, used specific nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the specific details are not required in order to practice the described embodiments. Thus, the foregoing descriptions of the specific embodiments described herein are presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20171201
Publication Date: 20200707
Grant Date: 20200707
Priority Date: 20161202
Inventors: ELY, COLIN M.
JARVIS, DANIEL WILLIAM
POPE, BENJAMIN J.
DE JONG, ERIK G.
BUSHNELL, TYLER S.
CHENG, CHRISTOPHER T.
NESS, TREVOR J.
Lukens, William C.
CARDINALI, STEVEN P.
TURNER, ROBERT D.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H01H2235/008", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H2227/024", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H2223/002", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H2221/074", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H2215/004", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04M1/23", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K5/0017", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H13/04", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H13/14", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K5/0086", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H13/14", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H13/04", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K5/0086", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K5/0017", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 71408324