PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-11755154-B1
Application Number: US-202217653439-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B1

Title: Cover layer detection for touch input devices

Abstract:
Computing devices and methods are used to detect and compensate for the presence of a cover layer on a touch input device. A computing device includes a processing device, a touch input device in electronic communication with the processing device, and a memory device in electronic communication with the processing device and having electronic instructions encoded thereon. The electronic instructions, when executed by the processing device, cause the processor to receive a first signal obtained from the touch input device over a first duration of time, the first signal including a first signal pattern, receive a second signal obtained from the touch input device over a second duration of time separate from the first duration of time, the second signal including a second signal pattern, determine a difference between the first signal pattern and the second signal pattern, and adjust a touch input detection setting based on the difference.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A computing device, comprising:
 a processing device; 
 a touch input device in electronic communication with the processing device; and 
 a memory device in electronic communication with the processing device and having electronic instructions encoded thereon; 
 wherein the electronic instructions, when executed by the processing device, cause the processing device to:
 receive a first signal obtained from the touch input device over a first duration of time while operating the touch input device using a first touch input detection setting, the first signal including a first signal pattern; 
 receive a second signal obtained from the touch input device over a second duration of time separate from the first duration of time while operating the touch input device using the first touch input detection setting, the second signal including a second signal pattern; 
 determine a difference between the first signal pattern and the second signal pattern; 
 determine whether a cover layer is positioned on the touch input device based on the difference between the first signal pattern and the second signal pattern; and 
 adjust the first touch input detection setting of the touch input device to a second touch input detection setting based on the difference between the first signal pattern and the second signal pattern. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The computing device of  claim 1 , wherein the difference between the first signal pattern and the second signal pattern includes a difference in amplitude. 
     
     
       3. The computing device of  claim 1 , wherein the difference between the first signal pattern and the second signal pattern includes a difference in a peak-to-peak distance. 
     
     
       4. The computing device of  claim 1 , wherein the difference between the first signal pattern and the second signal pattern includes a difference in spatial frequency of a portion of the first signal pattern and a portion of the second signal pattern. 
     
     
       5. The computing device of  claim 1 , wherein the touch input device comprises a grid of sensor components having orthogonal primary axes, and wherein the first signal and the second signal are obtained via input provided to the touch input device along a path non-orthogonal to the orthogonal primary axes of the grid of sensor components. 
     
     
       6. The computing device of  claim 1 , wherein the first touch input detection setting comprises a first input interpretation algorithm, and the second touch input detection setting comprises a second input interpretation algorithm. 
     
     
       7. A computing device, comprising:
 a processing device; 
 a body having an outer face; 
 a touch input device in electronic communication with the processing device and configured to sense capacitive touch input through the outer face; 
 a sensor in electronic communication with the processing device and configured to sense through the outer face; and 
 a memory device in electronic communication with the processing device and having electronic instructions encoded thereon; 
 wherein the electronic instructions, when executed by the processing device, cause the processing device to:
 receive a first signal obtained from the sensor at a first time, the first signal having a first signal characteristic; 
 receive a second signal obtained from the sensor at a second time separate from the first time, the second signal having a second signal characteristic; 
 detect a difference between the first and second signal characteristics; 
 determine whether a cover layer is positioned on the touch input device based on the difference between the first signal characteristics and the second signal characteristics; and 
 adjust a first touch input threshold of the touch input device to a second touch input threshold of the touch input device in response to detecting the difference between the first and second signal characteristics. 
 
 
     
     
       8. The computing device of  claim 7 , wherein the sensor includes an audio sensor. 
     
     
       9. The computing device of  claim 7 , wherein the sensor includes a light sensor. 
     
     
       10. The computing device of  claim 7 , wherein the sensor includes a capacitance sensor separate from the touch input device. 
     
     
       11. The computing device of  claim 7 , wherein the difference between the first and second signal characteristics includes a reduction of magnitude between the first signal and the second signal in response to a substantially equal stimulus provided to the sensor at the first time and at the second time. 
     
     
       12. The computing device of  claim 7 , wherein adjusting the first touch input threshold includes increasing sensitivity of the touch input device to detect capacitive touch input. 
     
     
       13. A computing device, comprising:
 a processing device in electronic communication with:
 a first light sensor; 
 a second light sensor; and 
 a touch input device; and 
 
 a memory device in electronic communication with the processing device and having electronic instructions encoded thereon; 
 wherein the electronic instructions, when executed by the processing device, cause the processing device to:
 receive a first signal from the first light sensor; 
 receive a second signal from the second light sensor; 
 determine a difference between the first signal and the second signal; 
 determine whether a cover layer is positioned on the touch input device based on the difference between the first signal and the second signal; and 
 adjust a touch input parameter of the touch input device in response to determining that the cover layer is positioned on the touch input device. 
 
 
     
     
       14. The computing device of  claim 13 , wherein adjusting the touch input parameter comprises decreasing a threshold parameter for detecting a touch input at the touch input device. 
     
     
       15. The computing device of  claim 13 , wherein adjusting the touch input parameter comprises increasing a threshold parameter for curve-fitting a touch input at the touch input device. 
     
     
       16. The computing device of  claim 13 , wherein the electronic instructions further cause the processing device to simultaneously obtain the first signal and the second signal from the first light sensor and the second light sensor, respectively. 
     
     
       17. The computing device of  claim 13 , wherein the difference between the first signal and the second signal includes a difference in light intensity sensed by the first light sensor relative to the second light sensor. 
     
     
       18. The computing device of  claim 13 , wherein the difference between the first signal and the second signal includes a difference in light wavelength sensed by the first light sensor relative to the second light sensor. 
     
     
       19. The computing device of  claim 13 , wherein adjusting the touch input parameter comprises increasing a sensitivity setting of the touch input device. 
     
     
       20. The computing device of  claim 13 , wherein determining the difference between the first signal and the second signal includes detecting filtering by the cover layer, wherein light is sensed by the first light sensor differently from light sensed by the second light sensor.

Description:
FIELD 
     The described embodiments relate generally to apparatus, methods, and systems for controlling a touch input device. More particularly, the present embodiments relate to detecting a cover layer or screen protector on a touch input device and taking actions to compensate for the changes to the usage of the computing device. 
     BACKGROUND 
     With the development of mobile communication technologies, electronic devices, which are often equipped with a display, such as smartphones, wearable devices, tablet computers, laptop or notebook computers, vehicle interfaces, and the like have been widely normalized and integrated into everyday life of millions of users. 
     A display of the electronic device may be implemented with a touchscreen display. The touchscreen display may perform a role as an input device that receives a manipulation from a user, in addition to a role as a display device. Touchscreen displays are commonly implemented with capacitance sensing capability, wherein electrodes below a cover glass material are used to sense a change in capacitance caused by introduction of a user instrument (e.g., a finger or tool) to the surface of the cover glass. 
     Although touchscreens provide an engaging interface for users, the cover glass can be fragile and susceptible to cracking or scratching. Additionally, the manufacturer-provided surface finish of the cover glass can be different from a user&#39;s preference, such as by being more or less glossy than what the user prefers. Some users also prefer different cover glass textures for using different types of tools on the display. Many users therefore apply a screen protector to the cover glass to improve the durability, appearance, and functional characteristics of the cover glass. Screen protectors generally are made to cause minimal distortion to the images shown by the underlying display screen, but they can alter the light of the display screen in minor but perceptible ways. 
     Accordingly, there is a constant need for improvements to display screens technology. 
     SUMMARY 
     An aspect of the present disclosure relates to a computing device, comprising a processing device in electronic communication with: a first light sensor; a second light sensor; and a touch input device; and a memory device in electronic communication with the processing device and having electronic instructions encoded thereon; wherein the electronic instructions, when executed by the processing device, cause the processor to: receive a first signal from the first light sensor; receive a second signal from the second light sensor; determine a difference between the first signal and the second signal; and adjust a touch input parameter of the touch input device based on the difference between the first signal and the second signal. 
     In some embodiments, adjusting the touch input parameter comprises decreasing a threshold parameter for detecting a touch input at the touch input device or comprises increasing a threshold parameter for curve-fitting a touch input at the touch input device. 
     In some embodiments, the electronic instructions further cause the processor to simultaneously obtain the first signal and the second signal from the first light sensor and the second light sensor, respectively. 
     In some embodiments, the difference between the first signal and the second signal includes a difference in light intensity sensed by the first light sensor relative to the second light sensor. 
     In some embodiments, the difference between the first signal and the second signal includes a difference in light wavelength sensed by the first light sensor relative to the second light sensor. 
     In some embodiments, adjusting the touch input detection parameter comprises increasing a sensitivity setting of the touch input device. 
     In some embodiments, the computing device further comprises a cover positioned on the touch input device and filtering light sensed by the first light sensor differently from light sensed by the second light sensor. 
     Another aspect of the disclosure relates to a computing device, comprising: a processing device; a touch input device in electronic communication with the processing device; 
     and a memory device in electronic communication with the processing device and having electronic instructions encoded thereon; wherein the electronic instructions, when executed by the processing device, cause the processor to: receive a first signal obtained from the touch input device over a first duration of time, the first signal including a first signal pattern; receive a second signal obtained from the touch input device over a second duration of time separate from the first duration of time, the second signal including a second signal pattern; determine a difference between the first signal pattern and the second signal pattern; and adjust a touch input detection setting based on the difference between the first signal pattern and the second signal pattern. 
     In some embodiments, the difference between the first signal pattern and the second signal pattern includes a difference in amplitude. The difference between the first signal pattern and the second signal pattern can also include a difference in a peak-to-peak distance or a difference in spatial frequency of a portion of the first signal pattern and a portion of the second signal pattern. 
     In some embodiments, the touch input device comprises a grid of sensor components having orthogonal primary axes, and wherein the first signal and the second signal are obtained via input provided to the touch input device along a path non-orthogonal to the primary axes of the grid of sensor components. 
     In some embodiments, adjusting the touch input detection setting includes changing a input interpretation algorithm. 
     Yet another aspect of the disclosure relates to a computing device, comprising: a processing device; a body having an outer face; a touch input device in electronic communication with the processing device and configured to sense capacitive touch input through the outer face; a sensor in electronic communication with the processing device and configured to sense through the outer face; and a memory device in electronic communication with the processing device and having electronic instructions encoded thereon; wherein the electronic instructions, when executed by the processing device, cause the processor to: receive a first signal obtained from the sensor at a first time, the first signal having a first signal characteristic; receive a second signal obtained from the sensor at a second time separate from the first time, the second signal having a second signal characteristic; detect a difference between the first and second signal characteristics; and adjust a touch input threshold of the touch input device based on the difference between the first and second signal characteristics. 
     In some embodiments, the sensor includes an audio sensor, a light sensor, and/or a capacitance sensor separate from the touch input device. 
     In some embodiments, the difference in magnitude includes a reduction of magnitude between the first signal and the second signal in response to a substantially equal stimulus provided to the sensor at the first time and at the second time. 
     In some embodiments, adjusting the touch input threshold includes increasing sensitivity of the touch input device to detect capacitive touch input. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The disclosure will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like structural elements, and in which: 
         FIG.  1 A  shows a schematic view of computing device, input devices, and corresponding sensor signals. 
         FIG.  1 B  shows a schematic view of the computing device, input devices, and corresponding sensor signals of the embodiment of  FIG.  1 A  with a cover layer or screen protector installed. 
         FIG.  2    is a chart illustrating a method for detecting a cover layer and adjusting the way that touch input is interpreted and used by the computing device. 
         FIG.  3 A  shows a touch input device and a set of input strokes. 
         FIG.  3 B  shows a set of sensed paths based on the input strokes of  FIG.  3 A . 
         FIG.  3 C  shows a set of straightened lines based on the sensed paths of  FIG.  3 B . 
         FIG.  4 A  shows a touch input device and a set of input strokes provided via a cover layer. 
         FIG.  4 B  shows a set of sensed paths based on the input strokes of  FIG.  4 A . 
         FIG.  4 C  shows a set of straightened lines based on the sensed paths of  FIG.  4 B . 
         FIG.  5    shows a chart illustrating a process for detecting a cover layer and adjusting the way touch input is interpreted and used by the computing device. 
         FIG.  6 A  shows a computing device having multiple capacitive touch input devices and a controller in a housing. 
         FIG.  6 B  shows a computing device having multiple capacitive touch input devices and a controller in a housing. 
         FIG.  7    is a cross-sectional side view of a computing device at an outer corner of the housing and cover glass. 
         FIG.  8    shows a chart illustrating a process for detecting a cover layer and adjusting the way touch input is interpreted and used by the computing device. 
         FIG.  9    shows a chart illustrating a process for detecting a cover layer and adjusting the way touch input is interpreted and used by the computing device. 
         FIG.  10    shows a computer system for implementing various aspects of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Reference will now be made in detail to representative embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the following descriptions are not intended to limit the embodiments to one preferred embodiment. To the contrary, it is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as can be included within the spirit and scope of the described embodiments as defined by the appended claims. 
     Although screen protectors often provide improved comfort and durability to user devices, they can also interfere with the operation of the touch screens they are used to protect. For example, the materials and thickness of a screen protector can cause distortion or attenuation of the electric field emitted by a user instrument (e.g., a stylus tool or finger) and sensed by the electrical traces of the touch screen. This can negatively impact the performance of the touch screen by reducing its sensitivity, touch detection accuracy, and speed. 
     The present disclosure relates to systems, apparatuses, and methods for detecting and compensating for the application of a screen protector to a touch screen device. A computing device having the touch screen device can include a processing device in communication with sensors used, in conjunction with the processing device, to detect the presence of and, potentially, the physical characteristics of (such as the color or thickness of), a screen protector applied to the cover glass of the touch screen. Upon detecting the screen protector, the processor can alter input settings interpreting the signals of the touch screen to compensate for or reduce the negative impacts of the addition of the screen protector to the device. 
     In some embodiments, the computing device can be configured to receive a first signal from the touch input device over time and can detect a first signal pattern in the first signal. The device can also receive a second signal from the touch input device over a second time and can detect a second signal pattern in the second signal. The device can then determine a difference between the first and second signal patterns and adjust a touch input setting of the device (e.g., its touch screen) to limit the effects of a screen protector causing the difference between the first and second signal patterns. The differences in patterns can include, for example, a change in the average magnitude of the capacitive touch input over time or a change in the shape of a moving input detected by the touch screen. Thus, the output of the touch screen can be monitored over time and then used to determine that a user has applied a screen protector to the display and to react to that change in state of the device, such as by implementing a different capacitive input detection processing algorithm, adjusting the color balance of the output of the display, or curve-fitting, filtering, interpolating, or otherwise smoothing the input. See, e.g.,  FIG.  2    and its related descriptions herein. 
     In some embodiments, sensors separate from the touch screen input device (or otherwise not primarily used for touch screen interaction) can be used to detect the presence of the screen protector. For example, the processor of the computing device can receive two separate signals from a sensor at different times, those signals can be measured and compared, and, in response, the processor can adjust touch input or output settings of the touch input device based on the differences between the signals. In some cases, the sensor can be a light sensor (e.g., a camera or ambient light sensor), and the difference between the signals can comprise a difference in the intensity or wavelength/color balance of light provided to the sensor over time in response to the screen protector being applied to the sensor. Similarly, the sensor can comprise multiple light sensors, and the difference between the signals can comprise a difference in the sensed light intensity or color of light provided to one of the sensors as compared to the other as a result of the application of the screen protector to one of the sensors, whether over time or based on simultaneous detections. Additionally, output from a microphone or other audio or pressure sensor can be used to determine whether the input provided to the sensor is muted, distorted, or attenuated by the sensor being covered by the screen protector (e.g., covering a port or microphone sensing aperture on the surface of the computing device). In some embodiments, the sensor can comprise a capacitive sensor configured to positioned adjacent to or around the primary touch sensor of a touch screen display, and the signals detected by this separate capacitive sensor can be used to determine the presence of a screen protector without the touch screen display or interactions with that display influencing the signals. See, e.g.,  FIGS.  5  and  8    and their related descriptions herein. 
     These and other embodiments are discussed below with reference to the figures. However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the detailed description given herein with respect to these figures is for explanatory purposes only and should not be construed as limiting. Furthermore, as used herein, a system, a method, an article, a component, a feature, or a sub-feature comprising at least one of a first option, a second option, or a third option should be understood as referring to a system, a method, an article, a component, a feature, or a sub-feature that can include one of each listed option (e.g., only one of the first option, only one of the second option, or only one of the third option), multiple of a single listed option (e.g., two or more of the first option), two options simultaneously (e.g., one of the first option and one of the second option), or combination thereof (e.g., two of the first option and one of the second option). 
       FIG.  1    illustrates a schematic representation of a computing device  100  of the present disclosure. The computing device  100  can include a housing  104  containing a display  102  and having a bezel  106  or frame portion adjacent to and/or surrounding the display  102 . 
     The computing device  100  is shown as a tablet computing device. In some embodiments, the computing device  100  can comprise other types of computer interfaces, such as, for example, touch screens positioned in a housing to be used as a touchpad or trackpad, a personal computer such as a laptop or computing notebook, an e-reader, a smartphone, a smart watch, a kiosk or other standing interface, an electronic pen digitizer, related devices, and combinations thereof. The computing device  100  can comprise electronic computer components in electronic communication with each other, such as, for example, the computer system  1000  discussed in connection with  FIG.  10   . 
     The housing  104  can include a rigid base structure used to hold, protect, and support other components of the computing device  100 . The housing  104  can include an electrically conductive material such as metal to act as a reference ground for the device  100 . The housing  104  can be configured to be held by the user, a stand, or other support (e.g., a desk) while the device  100  is operated. User input provided by a user instrument to the display  102  can vary based on whether the user is holding the housing  104 , whether the housing  104  is mounted to a support, and whether a case or cover is positioned on the sides or back of the housing  104  due to change in the electrostatic charge of the user instrument and the device  100  when the input is provided. 
     The bezel  106  can comprise a portion of the device  100  near the display  102  where output (e.g., backlight of a liquid crystal display (LCD)) is not provided. See bezel portion  730  in  FIG.  7    and its related description below. The bezel  106  can have a width dimension extending from a side edge limit of the display to an outer edge or rim of the front face of the device  100  (e.g., an outer edge of the housing  104 ). In some embodiments, a single cover glass sheet or other transparent panel can cover the display  102  and the bezel  106 , with the display  102  being viewable through the transparent panel. In some embodiments, a separate cover can be used over the display  102  as compared to the bezel  106 . As discussed in further detail below, sensors (e.g.,  108 ,  110 ,  112 ) can be positioned in the bezel  106  at various positions around the display  102 . See also  FIGS.  6 A- 7   . The sensors can comprise a camera  108  and one or more auxiliary sensors  110 ,  112  and can be positioned in the bezel  106  of the computing device  100  so as to not interfere with the operation, positioning, or shape of the display  102 . 
     The display  102  can be operable as a touch input device, such as a capacitive touch screen display configured to sense a change in capacitance or voltage drop at one or more areas of its outer surface  114  caused, for example, by the presence of a user instrument (e.g., a hand  116 , finger, tool, stylus  118 , glove, or similar instrument) which has an electric charge or electric field sensed by the device. The display  102  can comprise an electrostatic arrangement or array of conductive traces, such as surface capacitive sensors and projective capacitive sensor traces, and can thereby detect the proximity and position of the user instrument relative to the outer surface  114 . In an example embodiment, the display  102  can include a transparent outer structure (e.g., a cover glass), transparent conductive layers separated by an insulating layer or separator below the outer structure, and a graphical display component (e.g., LCD or e-ink display and backlight) configured to generate images and to provide backlighting for the images generated in a manner visible through the transparent conductive layers. See also  FIG.  7    and its description below. The transparent conductive layers can each comprise a set of parallel conductive traces, with one layer having traces oriented perpendicular to traces on another level. See also  FIGS.  3 A and  4 A  and their descriptions below. As a result, the position and magnitude of one or more voltage drops at one or more positions in multiple layers can be detected and tracked by the touch screen controller. Thus, the display  102  can be a multi-touch device configured to sense multiple touches, gestures, tool inputs, and similar inputs to receive input for the computing device  100 . 
     The size, shape, electrical field strength, and other physical and electrical characteristics of an input instrument can affect the signals detected by the display  102 . For instance, for a grid of conductive elements, multiple nearby elements can detect a voltage change and/or capacitance change in response to the presence of input instrument, and the signal generated by each element can vary based on the proximity of the element to the instrument. Accordingly, a sensor element centered immediately underneath a finger can detect a stronger signal than a sensor element spaced 10 millimeters away from the center. Additionally, environmental effects (temperature, humidity, other nearby electronics, etc.), sensor tolerances, noise, and sensor error can produce small variations in the signals of various sensor elements in the display  102  where the user instrument is used and in areas where the display  102  is otherwise not intended to receive input. 
     The signals detected by multiple capacitance-sensing elements of the display  102  can be accumulated to form a distribution  120  of detected magnitudes across the positions of the sensor elements of the display  102 . The display  102  and its capacitive sensor traces can generate many distributions (e.g., one for each x- or y-axis) to form a matrix of sensor information representing signals collected across the entire touch-sensitive region of display  102 . 
     Each distribution  120  can have a maximum magnitude  122  (i.e., a maximum voltage drop, a maximum capacitance, or maximum change in capacitance) and a shape profile (e.g., a width, a standard deviation, and a symmetricity factor). One such distribution  120  can correspond to an x-axis extending across the display  102  along an axis (e.g., the x 0  axis in  FIG.  1 A ). Multiple other similar distributions can correspond to lines extending across the display  102  (e.g., along the x 1  axis) that are spaced across the display in another direction (e.g., spaced along the y 0  axis). Similarly, distributions can be sensed along a line at the y 0  axis and along lines parallel to the y axis (e.g., y 1  and y 2 ). In some configurations, distributions can be simultaneously sensed along multiple x- and y-axes. Furthermore, multiple parallel distributions (e.g., multiple distributions measured along x 0 , x 1 , and x 2  axes (and more)) can be used to determine distributions along a perpendicular axis (e.g., along the y 0  axis) by referencing the values of the parallel distributions along the perpendicular axis. Thus, a plurality of sensor signal distributions can be determined for multiple (e.g., all) conductive traces across the touch screen  102 . The distributions can collectively be provided to a controller device to determine the size, number, and position of the user instrument(s) based on the magnitudes (e.g.,  122 ), standard deviations, and other properties of each of these distributions. 
     As mentioned above, touch screen display  102  sensor signals can vary. Some common sources of the variations are different input methods (e.g., a finger versus a stylus, whether a palm is contacting the display, whether the user is simultaneously contacting the device housing, etc.), environmental factors (e.g., humidity, temperature, nearby electronic devices outputting an electric field, etc.), sensor tolerances, sensor errors, sensor effectiveness drift (e.g., aging electronics), and related effects. To facilitate a more consistent user experience, the display  102  can be calibrated to differentiate between “signal” and “noise” signals sensed by the sensor elements. In some embodiments, the controller of the display  102  can implement a threshold sensor value below which the signals of the sensor elements are ignored or otherwise not interpreted as being a user input. An example calibration threshold value  124  is illustrated in  FIG.  1 A . Thus, a touch input provided to the display  102  that fails to produce a signal in excess of the threshold  124  may be ignored by the controller. In some embodiments, the calibration threshold value  124  can be used to identify space between multiple simultaneous touches on the display  102 . Controller instructions (e.g., software, firmware, or control hardware) can include implementing a touch detection and/or touch tracking algorithm that interprets the signals from the various distributions detected over time to convert the distributions into signals used by the software of the computing device  100  to perform tasks (e.g., to execute user instructions in response to input or to display information to the user, such as by displaying the positions of touches or gestures). 
       FIG.  1 B  illustrates the computing device  100  with a layer of material applied to the outer surface  114  where the touch sensors of the display  102  are located. The layer of material can be a cover layer  126  such as, for example, a case or a transparent or translucent screen protector. The cover layer  126  can be rigid or bendable and can comprise a polymer, ceramic, glass, or similar material to prevent scratches, cracking, and other potential wear and damage to the outer surface  114  of the outer layer (e.g., cover glass) of the display  102 . In some embodiments, the cover layer  126  has a different texture than the outer surface  114 , thereby providing customization to the reflectivity, surface friction, and other properties of the contact surface to which user input is provided to the computing device  100 . Generally, the cover layer  126  can be removable from the outer surface  114  without damaging the outer surface  114 . The cover layer  126  can therefore be configured to be temporarily mounted to the computing device  100 . As used herein, a “cover layer” or “screen protector” is a thin transparent (or substantially transparent) film or sheet adhered to the outer surface of a computing device where touch input is provided. Thus, a cover layer or screen protector differs from a case or sleeve for holding the computing device  100  due to its transparency, its thinness, and its adhesive attachment to a surface through which capacitive touch input is provided and through which display (e.g., an LCD and backlight) is output. 
     The material, surface finish, and thickness of the cover layer  126  can interfere with (e.g., attenuate or distort) the electric field passing from a user instrument to the sensor elements of the display  102 . For instance, as shown in  FIG.  1 B , a sensor distribution  130  can have a different maximum magnitude  132 , standard deviation, and other shape characteristics when the same input is provided (as compared to distribution  120 ). This change in distribution  130  can introduce uncertainty into the system regarding the location of the input. For example, as shown in  FIG.  1 B , the position of the input could be at position y 0 , y 1 , or y 2  without significantly changing the magnitude of the distribution  130 . By comparison, the same positions y 0 , y 1 , and y 2  for distribution  120  would cause a more significant change in magnitude, with y 1  and y 2  having lower magnitude than y 0 . Thus, the interference of the cover layer  126  can reduce the magnitude of the signal sensed by the touch sensors of the display  102 , can increase the standard deviation of the distributions sensed, and can thereby reduce the certainty of the position of the input. In response, the performance of the touch screen display  102  can be negatively affected, such as by touches being detected at the wrong position or by touches not being detected when applied. As discussed in further detail below, this can be particularly problematic for situations where fine tapping or fine gesture input is provided (e.g., input is provided that only spans a distance crossing a small subset of touch sensor traces) and where fine input needs to be tracked and shown to the user (e.g., when an application is supposed to show straight lines drawn across the display by a pointed user instrument). 
     Furthermore, a display screen  102  is generally configured with touch traces that are arranged in a grid having trace lines that are parallel to the edges of the display  102  (e.g., the traces along various axes x n  and y n  in  FIG.  1 A ). Touches that are positioned substantially directly over a trace line can cause higher magnitude signals (e.g., at y 0  in  FIGS.  1 A- 1 B ) as compared to touches that are between two trace lines. For at least this reason, accuracy of the user input position detection control instructions can be reduced for input applied between trace lines, such as when a user is providing input along diagonal lines (i.e., lines at least partially oriented at an angle relative to the primary axes of the trace grid). Such a reduction in touch positioning accuracy can be exacerbated by the presence of the cover layer  126 . When the user instrument is used to “draw” lines on the display  102 , straight and smooth input can have its tracked position have an increased spatial frequency or wave amplitude (i.e., can become more visually jittery or wavy) instead of following the relatively straight and smooth course expected by the user. See  FIGS.  3 A- 4 C  and their related descriptions below. 
     Accordingly, embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the detection of a cover layer (e.g.,  126 ) by at least partially using the signals produced by the touch sensors of the display  102 .  FIG.  2    illustrates a process flowchart that can be used to detect the presence of the cover layer and to adjust the way that touch input is interpreted and used by the computing device to compensate for the presence of the cover layer. As shown in block  202 , the control method  200  for the computing device can include receiving a first signal. The first signal can be obtained from a touch input device over a first duration of time and can include a first signal pattern. For instance, a controller (e.g., processor, processing device, touch controller, CPU, and other controllers) can receive a signal from a touch input device (e.g., display  102  or, more specifically, capacitive touch sensing components of the display  102 ). The signal can comprise a set of signals that are collected from the touch input device in response to user input over the first duration of time. In an example embodiment, a set of sensed signals from a set of touch-sensitive traces of the display  102  can be collected as a group of aggregated distributions (e.g.,  120 ) or individual magnitudes and positions sensed by the display  102  at a point in time or over a length of time. In a similar embodiment, a set of sensed signals from the traces can be collected as a set of distributions sensed over time or individual magnitudes and positions that are sensed over time. 
     The first duration of time of block  202  can comprise any predetermined minimum length of time, ranging, for example, from several minutes to a day or longer. In some embodiments, the first duration of time can comprise a sufficient length of time to track the characteristics of the first signal and to determine baseline values for the characteristics of the first signal, such as a baseline average or median magnitude, average or median peak/maximum magnitude (e.g.,  122 ), average or median standard deviation, and similar characteristics that are representatives of sets of underlying sensor data. In some embodiments, the first duration of time can be defined after receiving a second signal in connection with block  204 , as explained in further detail below. 
     The first signal pattern can include a recurring shape, standard deviation, magnitude, and/or other value of the first signal that is detected over time. For example, the first signal pattern can comprise an average or median peak magnitude that stays within a range of magnitudes during the first duration of time. Similarly, the first signal pattern can include an average standard deviation that stays within a range of standard deviations over the first duration of time. The range can have an upper bound and a lower bound that are each configured to represent expected limits (e.g., experimentally derived limits) on the signal characteristic being tracked based on the type of computing device being operated, the age of the device, detected environmental conditions, and the number and nature of the touches detected (e.g., the total number of touches detected (vs. not detected), the number of multi-touches detected, the number of single touches detected, the number of palm touches detected, the frequency of touch detections, and other touches), and/or the types of touches detected (e.g., gestures vs. taps or finger touches vs. stylus touches)). 
     Using this information, the system can detect the first pattern in the information, and that first signal pattern can represent a characteristic of the inputs that is expected to be continued to be detected by the computing device over time. In other words, the signal pattern can be used to establish an expected or predicted input characteristic (e.g., distributions having a maximum magnitude within a certain range) for inputs of a certain nature (e.g., touches vs. stylus input) in a time period following the first duration of time. The expected or predicted input characteristic can change over time as more data is gathered from the sensor(s). 
     As shown in block  204 , the process  200  can also include receiving a second signal obtained from the touch input device over a second duration of time separate from the first duration of time. The second signal can include a second signal pattern. The second signal pattern can correspond to the first signal pattern but for the second duration of time. For example, the second signal pattern can include an average peak magnitude of a touch input provided to the touch input device during the second duration of time. Thus, one or more additional signals can be received by the processor after the first duration of time concludes and a separate duration of time begins. 
     In some embodiments, the first duration of time is a predetermined length of time (e.g., a certain number of hours of usage of the touch input device), in which case the second duration of time can begin at the end of that predetermined length of time and can extend beyond the end of the first duration of time. In some embodiments, the first and second durations of time are separate portions of a larger period of time. For example, data can be collected from the touch input device for one week, and the Monday of that week can be defined as the first duration of time and the Wednesday can be defined as the second duration of time. Accordingly, the first and second durations of time do not necessarily need to be consecutive and do not necessarily need to extend for an equal time duration. However, in an example embodiment, the first and second durations of time are consecutive, and the time at which the first duration ends and the second duration begins can be determined after all of the data of the first and second durations has been recorded and analyzed by the computing device controller (e.g., in connection with block  206 ). 
     In block  206 , the process  200  can include determining a difference between the first signal pattern and the second signal pattern. To do so, the processor can compare one or more representative values (e.g., the average peak magnitude sensed) in a first portion of the data recorded (e.g., in block  202 ) to a second portion of the data recorded (e.g., in block  204 ). The difference can be identified as a persistent change in the representative value over time as input continues to be provided to the touch input device, and the change can exceed a minimum threshold variation value that would correspond to expected input variation when a screen protector layer is not installed on the device. For example, an average/median/rolling-average peak magnitude (or standard deviation) can be initially detected to lie within a range of values but then suddenly changes to lying within a different range of values. This change in the expected range of peak magnitudes (or standard deviations) can be detected in the execution of block  206  and can be used as an indicator of the installation of a screen protector/cover layer (e.g.,  126 ) that dampens the signals sensed by the touch input device while it is installed. The time at which the input characteristic changes its expected range of values can be identified as the time at which the first duration of time ends and at which the second duration of time begins. 
     In another embodiment, determining the difference between the first and second signal patterns can include detecting the existence of the first signal pattern (determined in the performance of block  202 ) and detecting the existence of the second signal pattern (determined in the performance of block  204 ) in a block of input signals received. For example, the first signal can include a set of diagonal line drawing inputs (see, e.g.,  FIG.  3 B  and its descriptions below), and the second signal can include a similar set of diagonal line drawing inputs that have different characteristics (see, e.g.,  FIG.  4 B  and its descriptions below). Block  206  can then determine whether those different characteristics are representative of the installation of a cover layer on the display or not, such as by determining whether an increase in the frequency or size of certain wave patterns in the diagonal line drawing inputs exceeds a minimum expected variation threshold (corresponding to when a cover layer is not installed). The process  200  can then include reacting to the changed touch input device sensitivity and accuracy after or during the second duration of time. The second duration of time can be equal to the first duration of time and can be shorter or longer than the first duration of time. Generally, the second duration of time can be configured to have a minimum length to ensure that the change from the first signal pattern to the second signal pattern is sustained in a manner indicative of a screen protector being consistently in place as opposed to simply being an outlier variation in the signal. 
     In another embodiment, the first signal pattern can be tracked over a first duration of time to determine an expected range of one or more input characteristics, as explained above. This first duration of time can be ongoing while the system waits for a significant variation in the input characteristic(s). Thus, rather than collecting an extended amount of data to detect a change from the first signal pattern to the second signal pattern, and rather than retroactively identifying the first duration of time and the second duration of time from a larger duration of time, the controller can detect the onset of the second signal pattern/second duration of time when a small number of input characteristic data points (e.g., immediately upon receiving a single data point) appears outside the expected range of input characteristics established over the first duration of time. Thus, the computing device can quickly respond (e.g., via performance of block  208 ) to an installation of a screen protector/cover layer when certain characteristics are immediately indicative of the change from uncovered outer surface (e.g., in  FIG.  1 A ) to covered outer surface (e.g., in  FIG.  1 B ). 
       FIG.  2    also shows that the process  200  can include adjusting an input setting (e.g., a touch input detection setting) in block  208  in response to determining a difference between the patterns in block  206 . Adjusting an input setting can comprise changing a setting of the touch input device receiving the sensed touch input. For example, a minimum touch threshold value can be decreased (e.g., from threshold value  124  in  FIG.  1 A  to threshold value  134  in  FIG.  1 B ) upon determining the difference in patterns to enable lower-magnitude touches to be more consistently detected. In another example, block  208  can include changing a smoothing or interpolation setting of the touch input device for inputs (e.g., sliding inputs) provided to the touch input device. A control setting can be increased or reduced for a sensed line&#39;s or stroke&#39;s curve-fitting, filtering, jitter, spacing, fall off, motion filtering, tapering (e.g., pressure tapering), color dynamics, bleed, flow, and/or other related characteristics. 
     Other settings adjusted can include screen input/output settings, such as, for example, a brightness setting, color output/temperature setting, input refresh rate, etc. for the display  102 . Specifically, the detected presence of a screen protector/cover layer can initiate a change in (a) the color temperature of the display that corrects for color filtering caused by the cover layer, (b) the size of graphics or text on the display to correct for blurriness or haziness caused by the cover layer (e.g., increased visual size to reduce text kerning effects/object edge blurring), (c) the refresh rate of receiving input by the display to collect more input data to correct for inaccuracy caused by the cover layer, and/or (d) the brightness of the display to correct for dimming of the display caused by the cover layer. 
     In another example embodiment, adjustment of an input setting can include providing a prompt or request to a user that indicates that a screen protector/cover layer may have been detected or that requests the user to confirm whether such a layer has been installed. The user&#39;s response can be a trigger that causes the controller to implement a different touch input interpretation algorithm, screen sensitivity setting, color output setting, or other response described herein. 
     Accordingly, the computing device  100  can change its operating settings from implementing a first touch input interpretation and/or control algorithm configured to sense and interpret input without a cover layer to implementing a second touch input interpretation and/or control algorithm configured to sense and interpret input provided through the cover layer  126 . Thus, although accuracy of the identification of detected input may decrease, the visual representation of that detected input can be simplified, straightened, smoothed, or otherwise “cleaned up” to compensate for or mask the detrimental impacts caused by the cover layer. 
       FIGS.  3 A- 3 C and  4 A- 4 C  illustrate an example implementation of the process  200  as applied to a touch screen input device. The touch input device  300  (e.g., display  102 ) can include a first array of lateral sensor traces  302  extending parallel to each other along a first direction of the plane defined by the touch input device  300 . The touch input device  300  can also include a second array of lateral sensor traces  304  extending parallel to each other on a different depth layer of the device  300  relative to the first array. The first and second arrays can therefore be spaced apart from each other on different depth layers of the device  300  yet, when viewed perpendicular to the primary plane of the device  300 , can form a grid of perpendicularly overlapping trace lines, as shown in  FIG.  3 A .  FIGS.  3 A and  4 A  show the grid extending along only a portion of the display plane, but the grid can extend across the entire surface thereof. 
     Input strokes  306 ,  308  can be applied to the touch input device  300  by a user instrument. A set of aligned input strokes  306  extend parallel to one of the arrays of lateral sensor traces (i.e.,  304 ), and a set of diagonal or angled input strokes  308  extend at a diagonal or angle that is not parallel to the arrays of lateral sensor traces. Without a screen protector or other cover layer applied to the touch input device  300 , the position of the user instrument can be tracked as shown in  FIG.  3 B , wherein the first set of sensed paths  310  corresponds to the sensed positions of the user instrument when the aligned input strokes  306  are applied to the touch input device  300 . The second set of sensed paths  312  corresponds to the sensed positions of the user instrument when the angled input strokes  308  are applied. 
     The sensed paths  310 ,  312  can have spatial frequencies, such as a wavelength-like frequency at which the paths  310  deviate from a central line or curve. Example peak-to-peak distances  314  and  316  for the spatial frequencies are indicated in  FIG.  3 B . The paths  310 ,  312  can also have magnitudes or amplitudes of deviation from that central line or curve that are maximum at the peaks of deviation from the central line or curve (or peak-to-opposing-peak amplitudes). The sensed paths  310 ,  312  have wave-like, recurring properties due in part to the nature of the touch input device  300  having a grid configuration for the sensor traces  302 ,  304 . Accuracy of detection of the user instrument is enhanced when the user instrument is overlapping a trace or is near an intersection of multiple traces, and accuracy decreases between traces. Thus, the peak-to-peak distances  314  of a path  310  substantially parallel to a trace  304  can correspond to a distance between the perpendicular traces  302 . The peak-to-peak distances  316  of an angled path  312  can correspond to a diagonal distance between traces  302 ,  304 . Thus, the distances  314  can be less than the distances  316  due to the strokes  306 ,  308  respectively spanning less distance and more distance between traces  302 ,  304 . Similarly, the corresponding “frequency” signal pattern of sensed paths  310  can be higher than sensed paths  312 . Furthermore, in either case (input  306  or  308 ), variation in amplitude relative to the central line or curve through the sensed paths  310 ,  312  can be expected to lie below a maximum value. The touch input device  300 , in conjunction with a controller or processor, can implement an input interpretation or filtering algorithm to filter, interpolate, curve-fit, or otherwise smooth the sensed paths  310 ,  312  to straight (or at least straighter) lines  318 ,  320 , as shown in  FIG.  3 C . Thus, although the sensed paths  310 ,  312  are not as straight as the input strokes  306 ,  308 , the lines  318 ,  320  displayed to the user can be corrected to appear substantially the same as the input strokes  306 ,  308 . 
     As shown in  FIG.  4 A , a cover layer  400  (e.g.,  126 ) can be applied to the touch input device  300  when the input strokes  306 ,  308  are applied. The presence of the cover layer  400  can affect the accuracy of the sensed paths  410 ,  412 . Thus, the peak-to-peak distances  414 ,  416  can be larger in magnitude and/or less consistent in magnitude as compared to distances  314 ,  316 . The amplitudes of the sensed patterns in paths  410 ,  412  can also be increased or more inconsistent relative to the amplitudes of paths  310 ,  312 . As a result, applying the same input interpretation or filtering algorithm to the paths  310 ,  312  would not necessarily (or would not consistently) produce smooth or straight lines like lines  318 ,  320 . Instead, a different, potentially more powerful input interpretation or filtering algorithm may be implemented to filter, interpolate, curve-fit or otherwise smooth the sensed paths  410 ,  412  to produce straight (or at least straighter) lines  418 ,  420 . For example, the new algorithm for  FIGS.  4 B to  4 C  can more aggressively convert input curves to lines as compared to the algorithm used for  FIGS.  3 B to  3 C  by treating large deviations (e.g., along 412) as being part of a straight or smooth stroke rather than as a zig-zag or undulating line intentionally drawn by the user instrument. Alternatively, the new algorithm can use a larger amount of sample input data when stabilizing or curve-fitting processing the input as compared to the other algorithm. 
     The process  200  described above can be used to trigger a transition between implementing the input interpretation or filtering algorithm used to produce lines  318 ,  320  and the algorithm used to produce lines  418 ,  420 . Specifically, a controller can receive a first signal (e.g., paths  310 ,  312  and an additional amount of paths as deemed necessary for calibrating the touch input device  300 ) during a first duration of time, and the controller can detect a first pattern. The first pattern can include a set of peak-to-peak distances  314 ,  316 , a set of amplitudes in sensed paths  310 ,  312 , and/or derived quantities (e.g., standard deviations) based on those values. Over a second duration of time, the controller can detect a second pattern (e.g., peak-to-peak distances  414 ,  416 , amplitudes in paths  410 ,  412 , and/or derived quantities) in a second signal from the touch input device  300 . A difference in the patterns can be detected (e.g., peak-to-peak distances  414 ,  416  or wave-shape amplitudes exceeding a threshold limit), and the controller can, in response, adjust an input detection setting by changing from the first input interpretation or filtering algorithm to the second algorithm. 
     In some embodiments, the difference in the first and second signal patterns can be more easily detected and exaggerated when comparing sensed input paths that are non-orthogonal (e.g., angled) relative to the sensor trace grid axes due to the increased accuracy drop caused by the presence of the cover layer  400  combined by the increased distance between traces when moving off-axis between the traces. Accordingly, in some cases, the controller/processor can specifically search for first and second signal patterns in input paths  312 ,  412  that follow courses that are primarily non-orthogonally-oriented relative to the sensor trace grid. Signal patterns in parallel input paths  310 ,  410  may be ignored or de-prioritized as compared to the non-orthogonal paths. Prioritizing non-orthogonal paths in this manner can improve the accuracy of detection of the cover layer  400  in devices  300  having grid-configured sensor traces. 
     Referring again to  FIG.  1 A , the computing device  100  can include sensors  108 ,  110 ,  112  that can be used to assist in detection of a cover layer  126  on the display  102 . These sensors  108 ,  110 ,  112  can be configured to receive signals through the outer surface  114  used to provide input to the display  102 . Thus, the signals sensed by one or more sensors  108 ,  110 ,  112  can be affected by the installation of a cover layer  126 , as explained in further detail below. 
     In some embodiments, a single sensor (i.e., one of the sensors  108 ,  110 ,  112 ) can be configured to be used for detection of a cover layer on the outer surface  114 . For example, the single sensor can be sensor  112  which is typically uncovered while no cover layer  126  is installed, but is typically covered by the cover layer  126  after installation of layer  126 . Thus, the sensor  112  can beneficially be positioned in a portion of the bezel  106  that is typically protected by a cover layer  126 , such as a portion of the bezel  106  immediately adjacent to the perimeter of the display  102 . The single sensor can be in electronic communication with a processor or controller configured to execute a process  500  illustrated in  FIG.  5   . In block  502 , the controller can receive a first signal obtained from the sensor at a first time, and the first signal can include a first signal characteristic. 
     The signal and characteristic can depend on the type of sensor used. For example, the sensor  112  can include a microphone or other audio or sound sensor, in which case the first signal characteristic can include an amplitude, frequency spectrum, or other related property of sounds, wherein the characteristic may be affected by at least partially covering or obstructing the sound sensor at the outer surface  114  by a cover layer. 
     In another example, the sensor  112  can include a light sensor such as a camera sensor or ambient light sensor (ALS). Thus, the first signal characteristic can include a color spectrum, color value, brightness, contrast, saturation, focus/blurriness heuristic, wavelength, or other related image or light property measured from light  119  (e.g., a light source such as the sun, a light bulb, etc. or light reflected from a surface) sensed by the sensor  112  and which is affected by the presence of the cover layer  126  (when it is installed). 
     In yet another example, the sensor  112  can include a touch sensor (e.g., a capacitance sensor, capacitive touch pad, pressure sensor, capacitive touch trace, etc.), in which case the first signal characteristic can include an average magnitude, peak magnitude, rate of change in magnitude, standard deviation, or other characteristic discussed above in connection with block  502  and  FIGS.  1 A and  1 B . In this embodiment, the touch sensor would be separate or different from the touch sensor used for the touch screen display  102  but would still be accessible or interacted with through the outer surface  114 . See, e.g., descriptions of  FIGS.  6 A,  6 B, and  7    elsewhere herein. 
     In still another example, the sensor  112  (or another sensor  110 ) can include a temperature sensor (e.g., thermometer, thermocouple, infrared/laser/other radiation-based thermometer, or related device), in which case the signal characteristic can include an average temperature, rate of change of temperature, maximum temperature, or similar characteristic. Application of a cover layer can potentially insulate or otherwise change the level of heat transferred to the temperature sensor, and the changes in temperature readings can be tracked and compared (as in the processes of  FIGS.  2  and  5    or others described herein) to detect the presence of the cover layer on the computing device  100 . In some embodiments, a temperature sensor does not need to be exposed to the same outer surface as the surface to which the cover layer is applied in order to generate a signal indicative of the cover layer&#39;s installation on the device. In other words, the temperature sensor can be positioned within the housing of the computing device and/or behind/beneath the touch sensor (e.g., display  102 ) relative to the cover layer or the outer surface and can still, by virtue of detecting the change in temperatures or heat transfer caused by insulation of the cover layer, detect the presence of the cover layer. 
     In block  504 , the process  500  includes receiving a second signal from the sensor at a second time, with the second signal having a second signal characteristic. For example, the sensor  112  can provide another signal at a different time. The processor or controller can be configured to determine whether a cover layer has been added to (or removed from) the outer surface  114  using the second signal, as explained below. Generally, the first and second signal characteristics are of the same characteristic type, such as both being amplitudes, wavelengths, frequency spectra, etc., so that they can be directly compared to each other. 
     In block  506 , the process  500  includes detecting a difference between the first and second signal characteristics. The difference can be detected by directly comparing one signal characteristic to another, such as by detecting that an amplitude of one signal is higher or lower than the other, that the color temperature changes from one level to another, that certain audio frequencies are filtered out or attenuated between the two signals, etc. For any type of sensor  112 , the first and second signal characteristics can, in some embodiments, be an average or median value found in the signal. Accordingly, when the signal characteristics are compared and differences in the characteristics are detected in block  506 , an averaged or otherwise representative value of a first set of signals collected over a first period or duration of time can be compared to another representative value for a second set of signals collected over a second period or duration of time. In such cases, detecting a difference in the first and second signals can include detecting a difference in the representative value. This can help limit false positives caused by fluctuations in signals sensed by the sensor  112  over time and under various sensor-influencing environmental and input conditions that are not caused by introduction of a cover layer. 
     Detecting a difference in block  506  can include determining that the difference between the first and second signal characteristics exceeds a threshold minimum value. The threshold minimum value can be based on sound, light, or touch/capacitance interference profiles empirically or theoretically determined and applied to data sets such as the first and second signal characteristics. In other words, the threshold minimum value can be determined based on how the sensor is expected to behave differently in response to being covered by (or uncovered from underneath) the cover layer  126 . For example, a sound profile can be developed for a microphone, wherein cover layers applied to the outer surface  114  filter out or attenuate certain high frequencies in the output of the microphone signal, and that sound profile can be compared to the second signal and its frequency characteristics to determine whether the same or essentially the same high frequencies are filtered or attenuated as compared to the first signal and its frequency characteristics. If the high frequency sounds are sufficiently filtered (e.g., filtered beyond a standard amount of deviation in an uncovered device), the controller can increase its confidence that a cover layer  126  has been applied to the computing device  100 . In another example, certain wavelengths of light sensed by an ambient light sensor or camera sensor can be filtered or attenuated by the presence of the cover layer, so detecting the difference between signal characteristics can include detecting that those certain wavelengths are found in intensities below an expected minimum value for an uncovered device. 
     When a significant enough difference is detected between the first and second signal characteristics, the controller can deductively determine that a cover layer is present on the outer surface  114  and on the display  102  since, presumably, a cover layer would not be applied to the bezel  106  or a sensor  112  alone. In block  508 , the process  500  can further include adjusting a touch input threshold of the touch input device based on the difference between the first and second signal characteristics. The adjustment of the touch input threshold can include changing a setting that compensates for an effect introduced by the installation of the cover layer. For instance, adjusting the touch input threshold can include decreasing a sensitivity threshold of the touch screen (e.g., changing from threshold  124  to threshold  134 ), increasing the touch controller&#39;s polling or sensing frequency, or taking other actions described elsewhere herein. 
     In some embodiments, instead of (or in addition to) adjusting a touch input threshold in block  508 , the controller can change output settings of the touch input device or input settings of a sensor. For instance, the controller can increase the display brightness from a lower level at which input was received for the first signal to a higher level after detecting the difference between the first and second signal characteristics. Similar adjustments can be made to the sensor or other input/output devices of the computing device  100  to counteract the effects of the cover layer as well, such as, for example, adjusting color balance of the display or muting a microphone that has been covered and is therefore unsuitable for receiving audio input. 
       FIG.  6 A  illustrates an example embodiment of a computing device  600  (which can be an embodiment of computing device  100 ) wherein the housing  602  contains a first capacitive touch input device  604  and a second capacitive touch input device  606 . The first device  604  can be a primary input device for the computing device  600  (e.g., display  102 ), and the second device  606  can be a secondary or auxiliary input device. Both input devices  604 ,  606  can be configured to be at least partially (e.g., entirely) covered by the cover layer when it is applied to the computing device  600  in such a manner sufficient to affect the capacitive sensing capability or sensitivity of the input devices in the covered area(s). The second device  606  can be used as sensor  112  in the execution of the process  500  of  FIG.  5   . Both input devices  604 ,  606  can be electronically connected to a controller  608  (e.g., processor, touch controller, or similar device), thereby allowing their signals to be differentiated from each other by the controller  608 . An air gap or other insulator  610  can be positioned between the input devices  604 ,  606  to electrically isolate them from each other, thereby reducing or eliminating a change of capacitance in one input device (e.g.,  606 ) caused by a user&#39;s interaction with the other device (e.g.,  604 ). Alternatively, a gap or insulator can be omitted, and the secondary device  606  can include a portion of the main input device  604  dedicated to screen protector detection. 
     In some circumstances, using a single capacitive input device (e.g., display  102 ) to receive input from the user and to detect the presence of a cover layer/screen protector can lead to uncertainty and false positives/negatives due to fluctuating influence of the user input (e.g., from different users, different user instruments, etc.) and environmental factors. By using two separate capacitive input devices  604 ,  606 , the influence of the user&#39;s input is less significant because the user may not primarily contact or use the second device  606  to provide input. Accordingly, fluctuations in the sensed capacitance signals generated by the second device  606  can more reliably be used to detect whether a cover layer/screen protector has been installed as compared to the signals from the first device  604 . The limited amount of user interaction with the second device  606  can ensure that baseline sensor data collected from the second device  606  (e.g., first signal data in block  502  and second signal data in block  504 ) is more consistent and therefore more clearly differentiable between when a screen protector is present and when it is not present. 
       FIG.  6 B  shows a similar embodiment to  FIG.  6 A , but wherein a primary input device  612  is supplemented with a second input device  614  and a third input device  616  that are formed as smaller “patches” or reduced-size regions relative to the primary input device. The primary device  612  is electrically connected to the controller  608  independent of the second and third devices  614 ,  616 , which can each be independently electrically connected to the controller  608  or can share a connection. Like input device  606 , the second and third devices  614 ,  616  can be arranged in a bezel or similar area of the computing device that is configured to be uncovered when a cover layer is not installed but is covered after such installation. However, unlike input device  606 , the second and third devices  614 ,  616  can be smaller and more compact. 
     Additionally, they can be sized and positioned on the computing device so as to be in positions not typically held by the user&#39;s hands, such as along edges  618 ,  620  where a user may be less likely to grasp the device, thereby further limiting the influence of the user on the input devices  614 ,  616  relative to the influence of the screen protector (or lack thereof). In some embodiments, the input devices  614 ,  616  can be sized and positioned on the computing device so that a typical human hand is not large enough to grip the device and entirely cover one or both input devices  614 ,  616 . Thus, if one input device  614 / 616  is used, the device can be sized so that a single hand cannot cover the entire surface area (e.g., in a manner that would imitate complete coverage by a cover layer), and if more than one input device  614 ,  616  is used, they can be spaced apart sufficient to avoid simultaneous hand obstruction. Additionally, input devices  614 ,  616  can be beneficially placed away from the corners of the housing so as to permit the housing to be structurally reinforced in those areas rather than having to make space for input devices  614 ,  616 . 
     In some embodiments, primary input device  612  can be a touch screen display or touchpad similar to display  102  or input device  604 , with its entire capacitance-sensitive area being also used for display purposes. Additionally, in some embodiments, the input device  612  can have distinct sections or segments configured for sensing whether a cover layer has been put into position on the device. At least one of these segments can be capacitance-sensitive while not also being part of an output/display. For instance, in the example shown in  FIG.  6 B , the input device  612  can have three adjacent sensing areas  622 ,  624 ,  626 . The first area  622  can be capacitance-sensitive without also being an area through which a display is provided (i.e., it does not overlap the LCD, backlight, and related components). The second area  624  and third area  626  can be capacitance-sensitive and display areas. All three areas  622 ,  624 ,  626  can be interconnected as part of a single touch sensor device  612 , but the areas can be used for different purposes. Area  624  can be used as a primary area for interaction with the user, similar to input device  604 . Area  622  can be used similar to input devices  606 ,  614 , or  616 , wherein capacitance sensed in area  622  is not expected to be influenced by user interaction due at least in part to there being a lack of a display in area  622 . Thus, the capacitive sensing area of the device  612  can extend to a portion of the bezel or other non-display area that would be covered by a screen protector, and signals from that additional sensing area can be better suited to detect the screen protector as compared to signals from an area with which the user regularly interacts (and therefore regularly causes fluctuations in the capacitance sensed). In some embodiments, area  626  is used as an extension of area  624 . However, in some embodiments, the controller  608  can prioritize or give extra weight to area  626  for detecting the presence of a cover layer as compared to area  624 . For example, when the controller is determining whether a cover layer is attached to the outer surface, the controller can use only data from area  626  as the sensor in process  500  or can prioritize the data from area  626  over the data from area  624  when identifying signal characteristics (e.g., blocks  502 ,  504 ) or detecting differences between signal characteristics (e.g., block  506 ). Touch input thresholds can be adjusted (e.g., in block  508 ) for one or more areas  622 ,  624 ,  626  as a result of detecting sensor data indicative of a cover layer. 
       FIG.  7    illustrates an example cross-section of a computing device  700  (which may be computing device  100 ,  600 , etc.) showing how components can be positioned in the touch input device and housing assembly. The housing  702  of the computing device  700  can include an inner cavity  704 , an outer side surface  706 , and a shelf or bezel support portion  708  therebetween. A display assembly  710  can be positioned in the cavity  704  which can include a cover glass  712 , an first touch trace layer  714 , an insulator layer  715 , a second touch trace layer  716 , and an output display  718  (e.g., LCD and backlight). The cover glass  712  can comprise glass, polymer, or another transparent or translucent material. The cover glass  712  can be bonded to adhered to the support portion  708  of the housing  702  by an adhesive or bonding agent such as a pressure-sensitive adhesive  720 . The trace layers  714 ,  716  can include a plurality of sensor traces (e.g.,  302 ,  304 ) to sense a user instrument at or in proximity to the cover glass  712 . 
     In some embodiments, particular touch traces  722 ,  724  of the first and second trace layers  714 ,  716  can be used for detection of a cover layer on the cover glass  712 . These traces  722 ,  724  can therefore be used as a sensor area similar to area  626  if the display  718  is configured to output information through the traces, or can be used as a sensor area similar to area  622  if the display  718  does not output information through the traces. Thus, the traces  722 ,  724  are an integral part of the display assembly  710  and are positioned internal to the edge of the cover glass  712  and within a cavity  704  of the housing  702 . This configuration can help minimize the overall touch sensor perimeter/area and minimize the size of the device bezel and housing. 
     In some embodiments, touch traces  726 ,  728  can be positioned in a bezel portion  730  of the cover glass  712  and/or between the cover glass  712  and the shelf or bezel support portion  708  of the housing  702 . The touch traces  726 ,  728  are therefore separate from the display assembly  710 , similar to input devices  606 ,  614 , and  616 . In computing device  700 , the traces  726 ,  728  can be positioned in the pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA)  720 , a flexible printed circuit, or other trace carrier plate structure positioned where the PSA  720  is located in  FIG.  7   . In other words, element  720  can comprise a flexible printed circuit or other trace carrier plate structure. If a flexible printed circuit or other trace carrier plate structure is used, it can include adhesive layers on its top and bottom faces to serve a coupling function similar to the PSA  720  by keeping the cover glass  712  and housing  702 /bezel support portion  708  held to each other. In any case, the PSA  720 , flexible printed circuit, or other trace carrier plate structure can reduce part numbers in the assembly and can permit extra lateral separation between the capacitance-sensing elements of display assembly  710  and the touch traces  726 ,  728  in the bezel portion  730 . These configurations can also help isolate the signals of the traces  726 ,  728  from the signals of the trace layers  714 ,  716 . Using a flexible printed circuit or other trace carrier plate structure containing touch traces  726 ,  728  can beneficially help to control trace widths and the relative positions of the touch traces  726 ,  728  and the housing  702  because the traces are precisely printed onto the circuit substrate and therefore more fixed in shape as compared to a portion of relatively more flexible PSA. The flexible printed circuit or other trace carrier plate structure configurations can also ease manufacturing by ensuring that the touch traces  726 ,  728  are fixed to a substrate that can be more easily placed on the housing  702  or cover glass  712  as compared to placing traces in or on a body of PSA. The inner pair of touch traces  722 ,  724  can be optional, as well as touch traces  726 ,  728 . 
     In some embodiments, touch traces  722  and  726  can be capacitive sensor electrodes, and touch traces  724  and  728  can be either driven shields or dedicated sensor ground elements. When traces  724  and  728  are used as a driven shield, trace  728  can be used to compensate for grounded metal in the shelf or bezel support portion  708  and the housing  702  to improve the sensing capability of trace  726  as a capacitive sensor electrode or to reduce the drive and sense capability requirements of the touch controller  608 . The traces  722 ,  724 ,  726 ,  728  can be connected to the existing touch controller  608  used for touch traces in layers  714  and  716  or to a separate and dedicated capacitive sensing integrated circuit used exclusively for detection of a cover layer, similar to the components discussed in connection with  FIGS.  6 A and  6 B . 
     Referring again to  FIGS.  1 A- 1 B , in some embodiments, multiple non-touch- or non-capacitance-sensitive sensors can be used to assist in detection of a cover layer on the outer surface  114 . For instance, output from multiple light sensors or audio sensors can be tracked and compared to determine whether a cover layer is positioned on one or more of them. In computing device  100 , two ambient light sensors  110 ,  112  can be included at different positions to sense light through the outer surface  114 . Preferably, the sensors  110 ,  112  can be positioned on the device  100  in a manner that limits the likelihood that one or both of them will be obstructed by a user&#39;s hand(s) or other common obstructions such as a case or keyboard. Additionally, one of the sensors  110  may be positioned in an area of the outer surface  114  that is unlikely or unable to be covered by a screen protector, and the other sensor  112  may be positioned where it is likely to be covered by the screen protector. For example, sensor  110  can be positioned adjacent to a camera  108  (and potentially other sensors) facing through the outer surface  114  (e.g., on the same side of the device as the camera  108 , within a sensor assembly that contains the camera  108 , etc.). A user would not generally want to cover the camera  108  with a film or cover layer to preserve clarity of the camera, and the sensor  110  would therefore also not be covered due to its proximity to the camera  108 . By comparison, the other sensor  112  can be positioned away from the camera  108  (e.g., along a different edge of the display  102 ) and can be positioned where it is likely to be covered by the cover layer (e.g., adjacent to the edge of the display  102 ). Furthermore, in some embodiments, the camera  108  itself can be used as the first light sensor instead of sensor  110 . 
     Accordingly, a controller of the computing device  100  can be used to implement a method  800 , as shown in  FIG.  8   . The method  800  can include receiving a first signal from a first sensor (e.g.,  108  and/or  110 ) in block  802 , receiving a second signal from a second sensor (e.g.,  112 ) in block  804 , determining a difference between the first and second signals in block  806 , and, in block  808 , adjusting a touch input parameter of a touch input device (e.g.,  102 ) based on the difference between the first and second signals received in blocks  802  and  804 . 
     Receiving the first and second signals from the first and second sensors, respectively, in blocks  802  and  804  can include receiving a signal from each sensor simultaneously. For example, the sensors  110 ,  112  can generate a signal indicative of an ambient light intensity or color at the same time. The sensors  110 ,  112  can be configured to measure or detect light from a common source of light, such as a light source that emits light to both sensors  110 ,  112  at the same time, from a substantially equal distance, at a substantially equal angle of incidence, without substantial obstructions, etc. As a result, a similar/comparable amount and color of light can be provided to both positions on the computing device  100  that correspond to the positions of the sensors  110 ,  112 . Thus, when comparing the first and second signals in block  806 , the controller/processor can make an even comparison between the signals to determine differences potentially caused by the presence of a cover layer rather than differences introduced due to other kinds of obstructions, light incidence variations, or other factors. 
     Determining the difference between the signals in block  806  can include detecting a color shift between the signals obtained via the two sensors  110 ,  112  (e.g., a difference in color balance, hue, saturation, levels, wavelength filtering, or similar light properties). The presence of a cover layer on one sensor (e.g.,  112 ) can filter or alter light (or certain wavelengths of light) received by that sensor as compared to the uncovered sensor (e.g.,  110 ). Empirical or theoretical data can be used to establish baseline variation levels for light intensity, color shift, etc. for each sensor so that changes in excess of those variation levels can be used as indicators of the presence of the cover layer  126 . For example, as shown in  FIGS.  1 A and  1 B , a first wavelength of light  140  can be measured by a sensor (e.g.,  112 ) when the sensor is uncovered, and a second wavelength of light  142  can be measured when the sensor is covered by the cover layer  126 . The difference in wavelengths can be indicative of the inclusion of a light filter (e.g., blue shift) caused by the cover layer  126 . Similar empirical or theoretical data can be used to establish baseline variation levels for differences in audio signals for embodiments where the sensors  110 ,  112  are microphones or similar audio sensors or for differences in capacitance for embodiments where the sensors  110 ,  112  are capacitive touch sensors. The controller can identify that a cover layer is installed upon recognition that the difference between the first and second signals exceeds a threshold or lies outside of a predetermined range of expected values for a sufficient amount of time, or another difference recognition method disclosed herein can be used. 
     Adjusting the touch input parameter in block  808  can comprise increasing or decreasing a threshold parameter for detecting a touch input at the touch input device, such as by adjusting a minimum sensor output amplitude threshold  124 ,  134  (e.g., sensed voltage drop or capacitance change) at which a touch input is registerable. In some embodiments, adjusting the touch input parameter can include increasing a threshold parameter for filtering a touch input or set of touch inputs at the touch input device. For example, the controller can smooth or otherwise adjust the way that an input tap or gesture is displayed to the user (e.g., as discussed in connection with  FIGS.  3 A- 4 C ) or smooth or otherwise adjust the way that the input tap or gesture has its position or intensity registered by the touch controller. Adjusting the touch input detection parameter can increase the sensitivity of the touch input device to counteract the dulling effect of increasing the distance and introducing additional (e.g., insulator) material between the touch traces and the user instrument. 
     In yet another aspect of the disclosure, a method can be implemented that includes combining various methods discussed elsewhere herein to generate a confidence or probability metric for whether a cover layer/screen protector is in place on the outer surface of the device. When using some of the embodiments described elsewhere herein, a probability or likelihood of a cover layer/screen protector being installed in place can be generated. This probability or likelihood is typically not at 100% confidence because, without receiving independent confirmation that a screen protector is in place (e.g., a user-provided affirmation), the sensors and touch input devices of the present disclosure generally only determine that it is likely that a screen protector is installed based on available sensor data gathered over time (e.g., using devices and methods explained above). 
     Accordingly, an aspect of the disclosure relates to a method for determining whether to control or compensate for the presence of a cover layer/screen protector based on a determined likelihood or probability of the cover layer being in place.  FIG.  9    shows an embodiment of the method  900  including using a first sensor to determine a likelihood of detect an indicator of a cover layer or screen protector. The method  900  can include, as shown in block  902 , determining a first probability of a cover layer being installed using at least one first sensor. To do so, a controller or processor can use one of the methods described elsewhere herein (or portions thereof) to detect the cover layer using the first sensor(s). For instance, the first sensor can include at least one of: the display  102  (i.e., the touch sensor features of the display  102 ), a light sensor (e.g.,  108 ,  110 ,  112 ), an audio sensor (e.g., microphone), and a non-display capacitive sensor (e.g.,  606 ,  614 ,  616 ,  622 ). Depending on the type(s) of first sensor(s) used and the method used with the sensor(s) to detect the cover layer, a probability or likelihood of the cover layer being installed can be assigned. For instance, if a difference between patterns is detected using a method described in connection with blocks  202 - 206 , a numerical value representing the difference between the patterns can be correlated with a probability that the cover layer is in position. In other words, a small difference in the two patterns can be correlated with a lower probability of a cover layer being installed, and a large difference in the patterns can be correlated with a higher probability. In some embodiments, the relationship between the difference in patterns can be linearly correlated, and in some embodiments, the relationship can be non-linearly (e.g., exponentially) correlated, depending on the type of sensor(s) used, their sensitivity, whether there are certain break points above or below which the probability of a cover layer being installed becomes more likely or not, and similar factors. Likewise, a first probability can be assigned based on a difference between characteristics (as determined in connection with block  506 ) or signals (as determined in connection with block  806 ). 
     In block  904 , a second test or method can be used to attempt to detect a cover layer and to determine a second probability of the cover layer being in place. The second sensor(s) can be different sensor structures used as compared to the first sensor(s) (e.g., using the display  102  versus using light sensors  110 ,  112 ) or the second sensor(s) can be the same sensor structures as the first sensor(s) but used in a different way or for a different detection method. For example, different portions (e.g.,  622 ,  624 ,  626 ) of the sensor  612  can be used for different attempts to detect the cover layer, or different detection methodologies can be implemented using the same sensor  612  (e.g., detecting a change in voltage drop/capacitance magnitude vs. detecting a change in standard deviation in the voltage drop/capacitance measurements). 
     In block  906 , the controller can combine the first and second probabilities to produce a combined probability or overall probability of the cover layer being installed on the computing device. For example, the controller can find an average value of the first two probabilities and assign that average as the overall probability. In another example, a weighted average can be used, wherein the methodologies or sensors used to determine each of the first and second probabilities can be given a weighted value that makes them more or less significant when finding the overall probability. In some embodiments, certain methodologies and sensors can be given greater weight. For instance, methods using signals from a pair of light sensors (e.g.,  110 ,  112 ) can be given greater weight than methods using the display  102  alone. Methods detecting patterns in a sensed input (e.g., as described in connection with  FIGS.  3 A- 4 C ) can be given less weight than methods detecting variation in voltage drop magnitudes or capacitance change magnitudes (e.g., as described in connection with  FIGS.  1 A and  1 B ). 
     In block  908 , the controller can adjust a touch input parameter or change an algorithm from one setting to another setting. This block can be performed using any of the operations described elsewhere herein when a cover layer has been detected on the computing device. Using multiple methods together and comparing their results can provide a more comprehensive and accurate reading on whether the cover layer is in place so that alternate algorithms and touch input parameters can be implemented or adjusted (as indicated in block  908 ) without unnecessarily impacting touch screen performance due to detection of false positives or false negatives. 
       FIG.  10    shows a high-level block diagram of a computer system  1000  that can be used to implement embodiments of the present disclosure. In various embodiments, the computer system  1000  can comprise various sets and subsets of the components shown in  FIG.  10   . Thus,  FIG.  10    shows a variety of components that can be included in various combinations and subsets based on the operations and functions performed by the system  1000  in different embodiments. For example, the computer system  1000  can be part of the computing devices  100 ,  600 ,  700  described above in connection with  FIGS.  1 ,  6 A,  6 B, and  7   . It is noted that, when described or recited herein, the use of the articles such as “a” or “an” is not considered to be limiting to only one, but instead is intended to mean one or more unless otherwise specifically noted herein. 
     The computer system  1000  can comprise a central processing unit (CPU) or processor  1002  connected via a bus  1004  for electrical communication to a memory device  1006 , a power source  1008 , an electronic storage device  1010 , a network interface  1012 , an input device adapter  1016 , and an output device adapter  1020 . For example, one or more of these components can be connected to each other via a substrate (e.g., a printed circuit board or other substrate) supporting the bus  1004  and other electrical connectors providing electrical communication between the components. The bus  1004  can comprise a communication mechanism for communicating information between parts of the system  1000 . 
     The processor  1002  can be a microprocessor or similar device configured to receive and execute a set of instructions  1024  stored by the memory  1006 . The memory  1006  can be referred to as main memory, such as random access memory (RAM) or another dynamic electronic storage device for storing information and instructions to be executed by the processor  1002 . The memory  1006  can also be used for storing temporary variables or other intermediate information during execution of instructions executed by the processor  1002 . The processor  1002  can include one or more processors or controllers, such as, for example, a CPU for the computing device  100  in general and a touch controller or similar sensor or I/O interface used for controlling and receiving signals from the display  102  and any other sensors being used (e.g.,  108 ,  110 ,  112 ,  606 ,  614 ,  616 ). The power source  1008  can comprise a power supply capable of providing power to the processor  1002  and other components connected to the bus  1004 , such as a connection to an electrical utility grid or a battery system. 
     The storage device  1010  can comprise read-only memory (ROM) or another type of static storage device coupled to the bus  1004  for storing static or long-term (i.e., non-dynamic) information and instructions for the processor  1002 . For example, the storage device  1010  can comprise a magnetic or optical disk (e.g., hard disk drive (HDD)), solid state memory (e.g., a solid state disk (SSD)), or a comparable device. 
     The instructions  1024  can comprise information for executing processes and methods using components of the system  1000 . Such processes and methods can include, for example, the methods described in connection with other embodiments elsewhere herein, including, for example, the methods and processes described in connection with  FIGS.  2 ,  5 ,  8 , and  9   . 
     The network interface  1012  can comprise an adapter for connecting the system  1000  to an external device via a wired or wireless connection. For example, the network interface  1012  can provide a connection to a computer network  1026  such as a cellular network, the Internet, a local area network (LAN), a separate device capable of wireless communication with the network interface  1012 , other external devices or network locations, and combinations thereof. In one example embodiment, the network interface  1012  is a wireless networking adapter configured to connect via WI-FI®, BLUETOOTH®, BLE, Bluetooth mesh, or a related wireless communications protocol to another device having interface capability using the same protocol. In some embodiments, a network device or set of network devices in the network  1026  can be considered part of the system  1000 . In some cases, a network device can be considered connected to, but not a part of, the system  1000 . 
     The input device adapter  1016  can be configured to provide the system  1000  with connectivity to various input devices such as, for example, a touch input device  1013  (e.g., display  102 ,  300 ,  604 , or  612 , or display assembly  710 ), a keyboard  1014  or other peripheral input device, one or more sensors  1028  (e.g.,  108 ,  110 ,  112 ,  606 ,  614 ,  616 ,  722 ,  724 ,  726 ,  728 ), related devices, and combinations thereof. In an example embodiment, the input device adapter  1016  is connected to the touch input device  300  and traces  302 ,  304  thereof to detect a position of touches or gestures on the display. In some configurations, the input device adapter  1016  can include the touch controller or similar interface controller described above. The sensors  1028  can be used to detect physical phenomena in the vicinity of the computer system  1000  (e.g., light, sound, electric fields, forces, vibrations, etc.) and convert those phenomena to electrical signals. The keyboard  1014  or another input device (e.g., buttons or switches) can be used to provide user input such as input regarding the settings of the system  1000 . In some embodiments, the input device adapter  1016  can be connected to a stylus (e.g.,  118 ) or other input tool, whether by a wired connection or by a wireless connection (e.g., via the network interface  1012 ) to receive input via the touch input device  1013  and via the tool. 
     The output device adapter  1020  can be configured to provide the system  1000  with the ability to output information to a user, such as by providing visual output using one or more displays  1032 , by providing audible output using one or more speakers  1035 , or providing haptic feedback sensed by touch via one or more haptic feedback devices  1037 . Other output devices can also be used. The processor  1002  can be configured to control the output device adapter  1020  to provide information to a user via the output devices connected to the adapter  1020 . In some embodiments, the processor  1002  and/or output device adapter  1020  can be used to filter, curve-fit, interpolate, or smooth input provided to the touch input device  1013  based on whether a cover layer is detected, as discussed in connection with  FIGS.  3 A- 4 C . 
     To the extent applicable to the present technology, gathering and use of data available from various sources can be used to improve the delivery to users of invitational content or any other content that may be of interest to them. The present disclosure contemplates that in some instances, this gathered data may include personal information data that uniquely identifies or can be used to contact or locate a specific person. Such personal information data can include demographic data, location-based data, telephone numbers, email addresses, TWITTER® ID&#39;s, home addresses, data or records relating to a user&#39;s health or level of fitness (e.g., vital signs measurements, medication information, exercise information), date of birth, or any other identifying or personal information. 
     The present disclosure recognizes that the use of such personal information data, in the present technology, can be used to the benefit of users. For example, the personal information data can be used to deliver targeted content that is of greater interest to the user. Accordingly, use of such personal information data enables users to calculated control of the delivered content. Further, other uses for personal information data that benefit the user are also contemplated by the present disclosure. For instance, health and fitness data may be used to provide insights into a user&#39;s general wellness, or may be used as positive feedback to individuals using technology to pursue wellness goals. 
     The present disclosure contemplates that the entities responsible for the collection, analysis, disclosure, transfer, storage, or other use of such personal information data will comply with well-established privacy policies and/or privacy practices. In particular, such entities should implement and consistently use privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining personal information data private and secure. Such policies should be easily accessible by users, and should be updated as the collection and/or use of data changes. Personal information from users should be collected for legitimate and reasonable uses of the entity and not shared or sold outside of those legitimate uses. Further, such collection/sharing should occur after receiving the informed consent of the users. Additionally, such entities should consider taking any needed steps for safeguarding and securing access to such personal information data and ensuring that others with access to the personal information data adhere to their privacy policies and procedures. Further, such entities can subject themselves to evaluation by third parties to certify their adherence to widely accepted privacy policies and practices. In addition, policies and practices should be adapted for the particular types of personal information data being collected and/or accessed and adapted to applicable laws and standards, including jurisdiction-specific considerations. For instance, in the US, collection of or access to certain health data may be governed by federal and/or state laws, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA); whereas health data in other countries may be subject to other regulations and policies and should be handled accordingly. Hence different privacy practices should be maintained for different personal data types in each country. 
     Despite the foregoing, the present disclosure also contemplates embodiments in which users selectively block the use of, or access to, personal information data. That is, the present disclosure contemplates that hardware and/or software elements can be provided to prevent or block access to such personal information data. For example, in the case of advertisement delivery services, the present technology can be configured to allow users to select to “opt in” or “opt out” of participation in the collection of personal information data during registration for services or anytime thereafter. In another example, users can select not to provide mood-associated data for targeted content delivery services. In yet another example, users can select to limit the length of time mood-associated data is maintained or entirely prohibit the development of a baseline mood profile. In addition to providing “opt in” and “opt out” options, the present disclosure contemplates providing notifications relating to the access or use of personal information. For instance, a user may be notified upon downloading an app that their personal information data will be accessed and then reminded again just before personal information data is accessed by the app. 
     Moreover, it is the intent of the present disclosure that personal information data should be managed and handled in a way to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use. Risk can be minimized by limiting the collection of data and deleting data once it is no longer needed. In addition, and when applicable, including in certain health related applications, data de-identification can be used to protect a user&#39;s privacy. De-identification may be facilitated, when appropriate, by removing specific identifiers (e.g., date of birth, etc.), controlling the amount or specificity of data stored (e.g., collecting location data a city level rather than at an address level), controlling how data is stored (e.g., aggregating data across users), and/or other methods. 
     Therefore, although the present disclosure broadly covers use of personal information data to implement one or more various disclosed embodiments, the present disclosure also contemplates that the various embodiments can also be implemented without the need for accessing such personal information data. That is, the various embodiments of the present technology are not rendered inoperable due to the lack of all or a portion of such personal information data. For example, content can be selected and delivered to users by inferring preferences based on non-personal information data or a bare minimum amount of personal information, such as the content being requested by the device associated with a user, other non-personal information available to the content delivery services, or publicly available information. 
     The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, used specific nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the specific details are not required in order to practice the described embodiments. Thus, the foregoing descriptions of the specific embodiments described herein are presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not target to be exhaustive or to limit the embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20220303
Publication Date: 20230912
Grant Date: 20230912
Priority Date: 20220303
Inventors: ZHANG, GUANGTAO
SHAH, APEXIT
Yang, Heemin
Spratt, Kevin D.
GARG, MAYANK
FERDOSI, NIMA
GARG, VIKRAM
Esposito, William J.
ASHCROFT, Tavys Q.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G06F3/044", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0416", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0416", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/044", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04186", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0418", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0446", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04106", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04166", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04166", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/042", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/044", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0412", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0416", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0421", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/044", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0416", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 87572033