PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-10587195-B2
Application Number: US-201715489798-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Integrated passive devices to reduce power supply voltage droop

Abstract:
A system that includes multiple integrated circuits is disclosed. A first integrated circuit of the system includes a plurality of circuit blocks, and a first circuit block of the plurality of circuit blocks includes a first power terminal. A second integrated circuit of the system includes multiple voltage regulation circuits, a second power terminal coupled to an output of a given voltage regulation circuit, and a third power terminal coupled to an input of the given voltage regulation circuit. A substrate, included in the system, includes a plurality of conductive paths, each of which includes a plurality of wires fabricated on a plurality of conductive layers. The system further includes a power management unit that may be configured to generate a power supply voltage at a fourth power terminal that is coupled to the third power terminal via a first conductive path of the plurality of conductive paths.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An apparatus, comprising:
 a substrate including a first plurality of conductive paths, a first signal terminal on a first side of the substrate, and a second signal terminal on a second side of the substrate different than the first side, wherein the first plurality of conductive paths include a plurality of wires fabricated on a plurality of conductive layers, and wherein the first signal terminal is coupled to the second signal terminal via a particular conductive path of the first plurality of conductive paths; 
 a first integrated circuit die coupled to the first side of the substrate using a first plurality of solder bumps, wherein the first integrated circuit die includes a plurality of circuit blocks, wherein a first circuit block of the plurality of circuit blocks includes a first power terminal coupled to the first signal terminal; 
 a second integrated circuit die coupled, using a second plurality of solder bumps, to the second side of the substrate such that the substrate is between the first integrated circuit die and the second integrated circuit die, wherein the second integrated circuit die includes one or more voltage regulation circuits, wherein a given voltage regulation circuit of the one or more voltage regulation circuits includes an output power terminal coupled to the second signal terminal; 
 a third integrated circuit die including a first plurality of passive circuit elements that includes at least one capacitor and at least one inductor, wherein the third integrated circuit die is directly connected to the first integrated circuit die using a first plurality of micro bumps such that the third integrated circuit die is between the first integrated circuit die and the substrate; and 
 a fourth integrated circuit die including a second plurality of passive circuit elements that includes at least one capacitor and at least one inductor, wherein the fourth integrated circuit die is directly connected to the second integrated circuit die using a second plurality of micro bumps such that the fourth integrated circuit die is between the second integrated circuit die and the substrate. 
 
     
     
       2. The apparatus of  claim 1 , further comprising a power management unit that includes a plurality of Input/Output (I/O) terminals and is configured to generate a regulated power supply voltage. 
     
     
       3. The apparatus of  claim 1 , wherein the second integrated circuit die includes one or more inductors. 
     
     
       4. The apparatus of  claim 3 , wherein the second integrated circuit die includes a second plurality of conductive paths, and one or more capacitors, wherein a given one of the one or more capacitors is coupled to a second power terminal via a particular conductive path of the second plurality of conductive paths. 
     
     
       5. The apparatus of  claim 1 , wherein the first plurality of passive circuit elements includes one or more capacitors. 
     
     
       6. A system, comprising:
 a substrate including a first plurality of conductive paths, a first signal terminal on a first side of the substrate, and a second signal terminal on a second side of the substrate different than the first side, wherein the first plurality of conductive paths include a plurality of wires fabricated on a plurality of conductive layers, and wherein the first signal terminal is coupled to the second signal terminal via a particular conductive path of the first plurality of conductive paths;
 a first integrated circuit die coupled to the first side of the substrate using a first plurality of solder bumps and including a plurality of circuit blocks, wherein a first circuit block of the plurality of circuit blocks includes a first power terminal; 
 
 a second integrated circuit die coupled, using a second plurality of solder bumps, to the second side of the substrate such that the substrate is between the first integrated circuit die and the second integrated circuit die, wherein the second integrated circuit die includes:
 one or more voltage regulation circuits; 
 a second power terminal coupled to an output of a given voltage regulation circuit of the one or more voltage regulation circuits and the first power terminal of the first circuit block; and 
 a third power terminal coupled to an input of the given voltage regulation circuit; and 
 
 a third integrated circuit die coupled to the first power terminal of the first integrated circuit using a plurality of micro bumps as is positioned between the first integrated circuit die and the substrate, wherein the third integrated circuit die includes at least one capacitor and one inductor; and 
 a power management unit coupled to substrate, wherein the power management unit is configured to generate a power supply voltage at a fourth power terminal, wherein the fourth power terminal is coupled to the third power terminal via a first conductive path of the first plurality of conductive paths. 
 
     
     
       7. The system of  claim 6 , further comprising a plurality of inductors and a plurality of capacitors, and wherein the power management unit includes a plurality of Input/Output (I/O) terminals. 
     
     
       8. The system of  claim 7 , wherein a given one of the plurality of inductors is coupled to a first I/O terminal of the plurality of I/O terminals via a second conductive path of the first plurality of conductive paths, and a given one of the plurality of capacitors is coupled to a second I/O terminal of the plurality of I/O terminals via a third conductive path of the first plurality of conductive paths. 
     
     
       9. The system of  claim 7 , wherein the second integrated circuit die includes one or more inductors. 
     
     
       10. The system of  claim 9 , wherein the second integrated circuit die includes at least at least one n-channel MOSFET coupled to a given inductor of the plurality of inductors. 
     
     
       11. The system of  claim 6 , further comprising one or more memory circuit dies. 
     
     
       12. The system of  claim 11 , wherein at least one of the one or more memory circuit dies is coupled to a package on package (PoP) substrate, and wherein the PoP substrate is coupled to the first integrated circuit die. 
     
     
       13. The apparatus of  claim 1 , wherein the first plurality of solder bumps are arranged surrounding a first region of the first integrated circuit die that includes the first plurality of micro bumps, and wherein the second plurality of solder bumps are arranged surrounding a second region of the second integrated circuit die that include the second plurality of micro bumps. 
     
     
       14. The system of  claim 6 , wherein the first plurality of solder bumps are arranged surrounding a region of the first integrated circuit die that includes the plurality of micro bumps.

Description:
PRIORITY INFORMATION 
     The present application claims benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/329,473, entitled “INTEGRATED PASSIVE DEVICES TO REDUCE POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE DROOP,” filed Apr. 29, 2016. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Technical Field 
     Embodiments described herein relate to integrated circuits, and more particularly, to techniques for decoupling power supplies. 
     Description of the Related Art 
     A variety of electronic devices are now in daily use with consumers. Particularly, mobile devices have become ubiquitous. Mobile devices may include cell phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), smart phones that combine phone functionality and other computing functionality such as various PDA functionality and/or general application support, tablets, laptops, net tops, smart watches, wearable electronics, etc. 
     Such mobile devices may include multiple integrated circuits, each performing different tasks. In some cases, circuits that perform different tasks may be integrated into a single integrated forming a system on a chip (SoC). The different functional units within a SoC may operate at different power supply voltage levels. In some designs, power supply or regulator circuits may be included in the SoC to generate different voltage levels for the myriad functional units included in the SoC. 
     Power supplies and regulation circuits may be used to generate different voltage levels for use by the various integrated circuits. During operation, changes in operation of the integrated circuits may result in variations in current demand from the power supplies and regulation circuits. In some cases, the power supplies and regulation circuits may not be able to respond to rapid changes in current demand, resulting in undesirable variation in the generated voltage levels. 
     SUMMARY OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
     Various embodiments of a system including multiple integrated circuit dies is disclosed. Broadly speaking, a first integrated circuit includes a plurality of circuit blocks, and a first circuit block of the plurality of circuit blocks includes a first power terminal. A second integrated circuit includes multiple voltage regulation circuits, a second power terminal coupled to an output of a given voltage regulation circuit, and a third power terminal coupled to an input of the given voltage regulation circuit. A substrate includes a plurality of conductive paths, each of which includes a plurality of wires fabricated on a plurality of conductive layers. A power management unit may be configured to generate a power supply voltage at a fourth power terminal that is coupled to the third power terminal via a first conductive path of the plurality of conductive paths. 
     In one embodiment, the system further includes a plurality of inductors and a plurality of capacitors. The power management unit further includes a plurality of Input/Output (I/O) terminals. 
     In a further embodiment, a given one of the plurality of inductors is coupled to a first I/O terminal of the plurality of I/O terminals via a second conductive path of the plurality of conductive paths. A given one of the plurality of capacitors is coupled to a second I/O terminal of the plurality of I/O terminals via a third conductive path of the plurality of conductive paths. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The following detailed description makes reference to the accompanying drawings, which are now briefly described. 
         FIG. 1  illustrates an embodiment of an integrated circuit. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates an embodiment of a computing system 
         FIG. 3  illustrates a block diagram of power management unit. 
         FIG. 4A  illustrates a block diagram of a system with an integrated passive device. 
         FIG. 4B  illustrates a bottom view of a system with an integrated passive device. 
         FIG. 5A  illustrates a cross section of an integrated passive with interconnect. 
         FIG. 5B  illustrates an embodiment of top interconnect of an integrated passive device. 
         FIG. 6  illustrates an embodiment of a system including multiple integrated passive devices. 
         FIG. 7  illustrates another embodiment of a system including multiple integrated passive devices. 
         FIG. 8  illustrates another embodiment of a system including multiple integrated passive devices. 
         FIG. 9  illustrates another embodiment of a system including multiple integrated passive devices. 
         FIG. 10  illustrates another embodiment of a system including multiple integrated passive devices. 
         FIG. 11  illustrates a flow diagram depicting a method of assembling a computing system. 
         FIG. 12A  illustrates a block diagram of an integrated passive device using bumped bonding sites. 
         FIG. 12B  illustrated a block diagram of an integrated passive device using planar bonding sites. 
         FIG. 13  illustrates a block diagram of an integrated passive device. 
     
    
    
     While the disclosure is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by way of example in the drawings and will herein be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the drawings and detailed description thereto are not intended to limit the disclosure to the particular form illustrated, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims. The headings used herein are for organizational purposes only and are not meant to be used to limit the scope of the description. As used throughout this application, the word “may” is used in a permissive sense (i.e., meaning having the potential to), rather than the mandatory sense (i.e., meaning must). Similarly, the words “include,” “including,” and “includes” mean including, but not limited to. 
     Various units, circuits, or other components may be described as “configured to” perform a task or tasks. In such contexts, “configured to” is a broad recitation of structure generally meaning “having circuitry that” performs the task or tasks during operation. As such, the unit/circuit/component can be configured to perform the task even when the unit/circuit/component is not currently on. In general, the circuitry that forms the structure corresponding to “configured to” may include hardware circuits. Similarly, various units/circuits/components may be described as performing a task or tasks, for convenience in the description. Such descriptions should be interpreted as including the phrase “configured to.” Reciting a unit/circuit/component that is configured to perform one or more tasks is expressly intended not to invoke 35 U.S.C. § 112, paragraph (f) interpretation for that unit/circuit/component. More generally, the recitation of any element is expressly intended not to invoke 35 U.S.C. § 112, paragraph (f) interpretation for that element unless the language “means for” or “step for” is specifically recited. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     In a computing system, multiple power supplies may be employed for different integrated circuits and different functional units or circuit blocks within a particular integrated circuit. Such power supplies may have different voltage levels and may be generated using voltage regulation circuits in order to minimize variation in the various voltage levels. 
     During operation of the computing system, variations in current demand by the different integrated circuits or the different functional units or circuit blocks within an integrated circuit may result in fluctuations in the voltage levels of the various power supplies from desired levels. To minimize this variation, or droop, capacitance may be coupled to the output of the power supplies and voltage regulation circuits. 
     Capacitance included as part of the Power Distribution Network (PDN) of the computing system may be used to aid the power supplies and voltage regulation circuits. In some cases, however, the capacitance in the PDN may be insufficient to achieve desired performance levels of the power supplies and voltage regulation circuits. In such cases, integrated passive devices (IPDs), which supply and absorb short duration variations in load current filtering high frequency noise from power supplies, may also be used to provide sufficient capacitance. The embodiments illustrated in the drawings and described below may provide techniques achieving desired voltage regulation circuit performance through the use of IPDs and various PDNs. 
     A block diagram of an integrated circuit including multiple functional units is illustrated in  FIG. 1 . In the illustrated embodiment, the integrated circuit  100  includes a processor  101 , and a processor complex (or simply a “complex”)  107  coupled to memory block  102 , and analog/mixed-signal block  103 , and I/O block  104  through internal bus  105 . In various embodiments, integrated circuit  100  may be configured for use in a desktop computer, server, or in a mobile computing application such as, e.g., a tablet or laptop computer. 
     As described below in more detail, processor  101  may, in various embodiments, be representative of a general-purpose processor that performs computational operations. For example, processor  101  may be a central processing unit (CPU) such as a microprocessor, a microcontroller, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). 
     Complex  107  includes processor cores  108 A and  108 B. Each of processor cores  108 A and  108 B may be representative of a general-purpose processor configured to execute software instructions in order to perform one or more computational operations. Processor cores  108 A and  108 B may be designed in accordance with one of various design styles. For example, processor cores  108 A and  108 B may be implemented as an ASIC, FPGA, or any other suitable processor design. 
     Memory block  102  may include any suitable type of memory such as a Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), a Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), a Read-only Memory (ROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-only Memory (EEPROM), or a non-volatile memory, for example. It is noted that in the embodiment of an integrated circuit illustrated in  FIG. 1 , a single memory block is depicted. In other embodiments, any suitable number of memory blocks may be employed. 
     Analog/mixed-signal block  103  may include a variety of circuits including, for example, a crystal oscillator, a phase-locked loop (PLL), an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) (all not shown). In other embodiments, analog/mixed-signal block  103  may be configured to perform power management tasks with the inclusion of on-chip power supplies and voltage regulators. Analog/mixed-signal block  103  may also include, in some embodiments, radio frequency (RF) circuits that may be configured for operation with wireless networks. 
     I/O block  104  may be configured to coordinate data transfer between integrated circuit  100  and one or more peripheral devices. Such peripheral devices may include, without limitation, storage devices (e.g., magnetic or optical media-based storage devices including hard drives, tape drives, CD drives, DVD drives, etc.), audio processing subsystems, or any other suitable type of peripheral devices. In some embodiments, I/O block  104  may be configured to implement a version of Universal Serial Bus (USB) protocol or IEEE 1394 (Firewire®) protocol. 
     I/O block  104  may also be configured to coordinate data transfer between integrated circuit  100  and one or more devices (e.g., other computing systems or integrated circuits) coupled to integrated circuit  100  via a network. In one embodiment, I/O block  104  may be configured to perform the data processing necessary to implement an Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) networking standard such as Gigabit Ethernet or 10-Gigabit Ethernet, for example, although it is contemplated that any suitable networking standard may be implemented. In some embodiments, I/O block  104  may be configured to implement multiple discrete network interface ports. 
     In some embodiments, each of the aforementioned functional units may include multiple circuits, each of which may include multiple devices, such as, e.g., metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) connected via multiple wires fabricated on multiple conductive layers. The conductive layers may be interspersed with insulating layers, such as, silicon dioxide, for example. Each circuit may also contain wiring, fabricated on the conductive layers, designated for a power supply net or a ground supply net. 
     Integrated circuit  100  may, in various embodiments, be fabricated on a silicon wafer (or simply “wafer”) along with numerous identical copies of integrated circuit  100 , each of which may be referred to as a “chip” or “die.” During manufacture, various manufacturing steps may be performed on each chip in parallel. Once the manufacturing process has been completed, the individual chips may be removed from the wafer by cutting or slicing through unused areas between each chip. 
     Turning now to  FIG. 2 , an embodiment of a computing system is illustrated. In the illustrated embodiment, computing system  200  includes power supply  202 , power management unit (PMU)  201 , and system-on-a-chip (SoC)  205 . In various embodiments, SoC  203  may correspond to integrated circuit  100  as illustrated in  FIG. 1 . 
     Power supply  202  is configured to generate a DC voltage level on supply voltage  204  relative to ground node  206 . In various embodiments, power supply  202  may include circuitry (not shown) configured to convert an AC power signal to a desired DC voltage level. Alternatively, or additionally, power supply  202  may include a rechargeable battery and circuitry configured to monitor an amount of charge stored in the rechargeable battery and recharge the battery in response to determining the amount of charge stored in the battery has dropped below a predetermined level. 
     In various embodiments, PMU  201  may be configured to generate a predetermined voltage on regulated supply  203  relative to ground node  206  and dependent upon supply voltage  204 . PMU  201  may include any suitable regulator circuit, such as, e.g., a buck regulator, employed to generate regulated supply voltage  203 . In some cases, PMU  201  may include multiple passive devices (not shown), such as, e.g., inductors and capacitors, which may be employed in the generation of regulated supply  203 . 
     During operation, PMU  201  may monitor power consumption, levels of activity, and the like, of SoC  205 . Based on the monitored values, PMU  201  may adjust a voltage level of regulated supply  203 . For example, during periods of less activity of SoC  205 , PMU  201  may reduce the voltage level of regulated supply  203 . It is noted that although only a single regulated supply is depicted in the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 2 , in other embodiments, multiple regulated supplies, each with a respective voltage level, may be employed. 
     It is noted that the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 2  is merely an example. In other embodiments, different numbers of regulated power supply voltages may be employed. 
     An embodiment of a PMU is illustrated in  FIG. 3 . In various embodiments, PMU  300  may correspond to PMU  201  as depicted in the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 2 . In the illustrated embodiment, PMU  300  includes regulator circuit  302  and control circuit  301 . 
     Regulator circuit  302  is coupled between power supply  303  and ground node  308 . It is noted that, in some embodiments, power supply  303  may correspond to power supply  204  of the embodiment of  FIG. 2 , and ground node  308  may correspond to ground node  206  as illustrated in  FIG. 2 . Regulator circuit  302  is further coupled to inductor  306 , p-channel MOSFET  304 , n-channel MOSFET  305 , and control signal  310  generated by control circuit  301 . Inductor  306  is further coupled to regulated output  309 , and capacitor  307  which is, in turn, coupled to ground node  308 . In some embodiments, regulated voltage  309  may correspond to regulated supply  203  as depicted in  FIG. 2 . Although a single regulator circuit is depicted in the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 3 , in other embodiments, additional stages of regulation may be included in PMU  300 . In some cases, an additional shunt regulator may be employed. 
     Although regulator circuit  302  is depicted as being coupled to a single p-channel MOSFET and a single n-channel MOSFET, in other embodiments, any suitable number of MOSFETs or types of MOSFETs may be employed. For example, p-channel MOSFET  304  and n-channel MOSFET  305  may be implemented using a cascode arrangement of two n-channel MOSFETs. Furthermore, in some embodiments, any suitable type of transconductance device may be used alternatively, or in addition to, p-channel MOSFET  304  and n-channel MOSFET  305 . 
     During operation, control circuit  301  receives monitor and control information  311 . In some embodiments, monitor and control information may be received from circuits included in an SoC, such as, e.g., SoC  205  as illustrated in  FIG. 2 . Alternatively, or additionally, information may be received from a user, or a circuit or system external to a system in which PMU  300  is included. 
     Based on monitor and control information  311 , control circuit  301  generates control signal  310 . Although a single control signal is depicted in the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 3 , in other embodiments, any suitable number of control signals may be employed. Based on control signal  310  and a voltage level of node  312 , regulator circuit  302  may selectively enable or disable each of p-channel MOSFET  304  and n-channel MOSFET  305  to apply charge to, or remove charge from node  312 . For example, if the voltage level on node  312  drops below a predetermined level, regulator circuit  302  may enable p-channel MOSFET  304  to allow charge to flow from power supply  303  onto node  312 , thereby increasing the voltage level on node  312 . 
     Capacitor  307  may, in various embodiments, provide local energy storage, allowing PMU  300  to respond more quickly to changes in power demand on regulated voltage  309 . For example, if there is a sudden increase in current demand on regulated voltage  309 , some of the needed current may be supplied by charge stored in capacitor  307 , thereby providing additional time to regulator circuit  302  to detect any change in the voltage level of node  312  resulting from the increased current demand, and enable p-channel MOSFET  304  accordingly. Although only a single capacitor is shown, in other embodiments, any suitable number of capacitors may be employed. 
     Although depicted as a single unit in the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 3 , PMU  300  may, in various embodiments, consist of multiple physical blocks included within a computing system. In some embodiments, inductors and other passive devices for various regulator stages may be includes as discrete components within the computing system. Additionally, or alternatively, high frequency circuits included in regulator  302  may be fabricated as a separate integrated circuit to be included in the computing system. As will be described below, in more detail, a PMU may be partitioned in various ways in different embodiments of a computing system. 
     It is noted that the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 3  is merely an example. In other embodiments, different circuits, and different arrangements of circuits are possible and contemplated. 
     In some computing systems, capacitors, or other reactive circuit elements, may be used to filter power supplies for certain circuit blocks within an integrated circuits. Some circuit blocks generate high frequency noise on the power supplies during operation. The capacitors may provide a low impedance path to ground for such high frequency noise, as well as provide local energy storage for periods of high current demand from a particular circuit block. Such capacitors (commonly referred to as “integrated passive devices” or “IPDs”) may be fabricated as part of the system integrated circuit, or as a separate integrated circuit, which is coupled to the system integrated circuit. An example of a system with such a capacitor is illustrated in  FIG. 4A . 
     In the illustrated embodiment, system  400  includes circuit blocks  401   a - d , each of which is coupled to power supply  402 . In various embodiments, circuit blocks  401   a - d  may correspond to cores  108   a - b , as illustrated in  FIG. 1 . During operation, the charging and discharging of circuit nodes within circuits blocks  401   a - d  may generate high frequency noise on power supply  402 , which may affect the operation of circuit blocks  401   a - d , or other circuit blocks (not shown) coupled to power supply  402 . 
     IPD  403  is coupled power supply  402  and may filter any induced noise on power supply  402 . In various embodiments, IPD  403  may include one or more capacitors or other reactive circuit elements. Additionally, or alternatively, capacitance included within IPD  403  may contribute to the overall capacitance of the PDN and may affect droop on power supply  402 . 
     To minimize resistance between IPD  403  and a particular circuit block, IPD  403  may be placed in close proximity to the particular circuit block. As shown in  FIG. 4B , IPD  403  is placed above circuit block  401   a  in system  400 . In some embodiments, power supply connections to circuit block  401   a  may pass through IPD  403 , to allow IPD  403  direct access to the power supply wiring. In some embodiments, IPD  403  may be fabricated into an integrated circuit including system  400 , while, in other embodiments, IPD  403  may be fabricated as a separate integrated circuit, and mounted into a computing system as described below, in more detail. 
     It is noted that the system depicted in  FIG. 4A  and  FIG. 4B  is merely an example. In other embodiments, different numbers of circuit blocks and IPDs may be employed. 
     Turning to  FIG. 5A , a cross section of an IPD that includes capacitor with interconnect is illustrated. In various embodiments, cross section  500  may correspond a cross section of IPD  400  as illustrated in  FIG. 4 . In the illustrated embodiment, capacitor structure  502  is included in substrate  501 . Capacitor structure  502  may, in various embodiments, include conductor layers separated by insulating layers. In some cases, the conductor layers may be deposited in trenches etched into substrate  501 . Although depicted as being embedded in substrate  501 , in other embodiments, capacitor structure  502  may be deposited on a surface of substrate  501 . 
     Terminals of capacitor structure  502  are coupled to wires  503   a  and  503   b  by vias  507   a  and  507   b , respectively. It is noted that for the purposes of clarity, insulating material, such as, e.g., silicon dioxide, between wires  503   a  and  503   b  and substrate  501  have been omitted from  FIG. 5A . During manufacture, a layer of metal, such as, e.g., aluminum or copper, may be deposited. The deposited layer of metal may then be patterned and etched to form wires  503   a  and  503   b . In various embodiments, holes may be etched in the insulating material, and filled with a conductive material, such as, e.g., tungsten, to create vias  507   a  and  507   b.    
     In a similar fashion, wires  504   a  and  504   b  may be created on another conductor layer isolated from the aforementioned layer that includes wires  503   a  and  503   b  by another insulating layer. Vias  508   a  and  508   b  couple wires  504   a  to  503   a , and  504   b  to  503   b , respectively. Additional wires  505   a ,  505   b , and  506  are created in a similar fashion, with vias  509   a ,  509   b , and  510 , providing coupling between the wires on the various conductor layers. 
     The shape and orientation of the wires, such as, e.g.,  505   a , may be selected to allow terminals of a particular circuit block to be coupled to terminals of the IPD. In some embodiments, wires on a top conductor layer may be coupled to solder bumps or other suitable material that allows the IPD to be coupled to other components, such as, integrated circuit  100 , for example. 
     It is noted that the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 5A  is merely an example. In other embodiments, different numbers of conductor layers, and different arrangements of wires on the conductor layers may be employed. 
     Turning to  FIG. 5B , the top interconnect of an IPD is illustrated. In some embodiments, interconnect  590  may be coupled to IPD  500  as illustrated in  FIG. 5A . Interconnect  590  includes wires  515 ,  516   a - c , and  517   a - e , vias  520   a - b , and  521   a - d , and micro-bumps  519   a - d.    
     Each of wires  515 ,  516   a - c , and  517   a - d  may be fabricated on separate conductive layers, each conductive layer separated by an insulating layer. For the purposes of the clarity, the insulating layers have been omitted from  FIG. 5B . A wire fabricated on a particular conductive layer may be coupled to a wire fabricated on a different conductive layer using a via, such as, e.g., via  520   a . In various embodiments, vias, such as those depicted in  FIG. 5B , may be fabricated using tungsten or any other suitable material. 
     In the present embodiments, wires  517   a ,  517   b ,  517   d , and  517   e  are coupled to micro-bumps  519   a - d , respectively, using vias  521   a - d . Micro-bumps  519   a - d  may be of suitable size for mounting on an SoC or other suitable substrate, and may be arranged to correspond to connection locations on the SoC. Such micro-bumps may be fabricated using any suitable conductive material. 
     It is noted that the top interconnect depicted in  FIG. 5B  is merely an example. In other embodiments, different wiring layers, and different configurations of wires are possible and contemplated. 
     Turning to  FIG. 12A , another view of an IPD is illustrated. In various embodiments, IPD  1200  may correspond to the IPD depicted in  FIG. 5A  and  FIG. 5B . In the illustrated embodiment, IPD  1200  includes micro-bumps  1202   a - g , and wires  1203  and  1204 . 
     Micro-bumps  1202   a - g  may, in various embodiments, correspond to micro-bumps  519   a - d  as illustrated in  FIG. 5B . In some embodiments, micro-bumps  1202   a - g  may be arranged to match bonding locations on an SoC or other suitable integrated circuit. Micro-bump  1202   c  is coupled to wire  1203 , and micro-bump  1202   e  is coupled to  1204 . It is noted that other of micro-bumps  1202   a - g  may be coupled to other wires, which have been omitted for clarity. 
     In some embodiments, micro-bump  1202   c  may be coupled to a positive power supply node on an SoC, while micro-bump  1202   e  may be coupled to a ground supply on the SoC. Wires  1203  and  1204  may be fabricated on different conductive layers, and may be coupled to additional wires (not shown), which are, in turn, coupled to a capacitor or other passive device (also not shown). Although wires  1203  and  1204  are depicted as being oriented perpendicular to each other, in other embodiments, any suitable orientation of wires on different conductive layers may be employed. 
     It is noted that the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 12A  is merely an example. In other embodiments, different numbers of micro-bumps, and different arrangements of micro-bumps and wires may be employed. 
     In some cases, planar bonding sites may be employed on an IPD. An embodiment of an IPD using planar pads is illustrated in  FIG. 12B . In various embodiments, IPD  1210  may correspond to the IPD depicted in  FIG. 5A  and  FIG. 5B . In the illustrated embodiment, IPD  1210  includes planar pads  1205   a - g , and wires  1206  and  1207 . 
     Planar pads  1205   a - g  may, in various embodiments, be arranged to match planar bonding locations on an SoC or other suitable integrated circuit. In some cases, planar pads  1205   a - g  may be bonding to corresponding sites on an SoC using a two-part bonding process (also referred to as a “hybrid bonding process”). For example, the bonding process may include coupling oxide regions of the SoC and the IPD using van der Waals forces. Once coupled, the coupled SoC IPD system may be heated allowing metal in the planar pads of the SoC and IPD to co-mingle and form an electrical connection. It is noted that the planar pads of the SoC and the IPD may employ different types of metal, such as, copper, aluminum, or any other suitable type of metal. 
     Planar pad  1202   c  is coupled to wire  1206 , and planar pad  1205   e  is coupled to  1207 . It is noted that other of planar pads  1205   a - g  may be coupled to other wires, which have been omitted for clarity. 
     As described above, an IPD may be coupled to an SoC or other suitable integrated circuit to provide additional capacitance, inductance, and the like, to the circuits included in the SoC. In some cases, solder bumps may be omitted on the SoC to provide space to mount the IPD. Such an arrangement is illustrated in  FIG. 13 . 
     In present embodiment, system  1300  includes SoC  1301  and IPD  1302 . SoC  1301  includes multiple solder bumps, such as, solder bump  1304 , for example. These solder bumps may be coupled to internal wiring included in SoC  1301  which, in turn, may be coupled to various circuits included in SoC  1301 . The solder bumps of SoC  1301  may be coupled to power supply terminals, or input/output terminals of the circuits included in SoC  1301 . 
     The solder bumps of SoC  1301  may be arranged to leave an area for mounting IPD  1302 . Although, in the present embodiment, IPD  1302  is shown in the center of SoC  1301 , in other embodiments, IPD  1302  may be placed in any suitable location. For example, in some embodiments, IPD  1302  may be oriented to minimize a distance between passive components, such as, e.g., capacitors, included in IPD  1302  and specific circuits included in SoC  1301 . 
     IPD  1302  may be coupled to terminals on SoC  1301  by a set of micro-bump, such as, e.g., micro-bump  1303 . In various embodiments, each of the micro-bumps of IPD  1302  may be coupled to a power or ground terminal of SoC  1301 . Although the micro-bumps of IPD  1302  are depicted in  FIG. 13  as being arranged in grid, in other embodiments, any suitable arrangement of micro-bumps is possible. 
     By employing passive devices external to an SoC, the performance of some circuits included in the SoC may be improved. For example, by using multiple external capacitors, voltage droop on regulated power supplies included in the SoC may be managed. As described above, IPDs that include capacitors may be mounted onto SoCs or other suitable integrated circuits as part of a computing system. An example of such a computing system can be seen in the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 6 . In the illustrated embodiment, computing system  600  includes SoC  607  coupled DRAM package on package (PoP) substrate  608  via solder bumps  612   a  and  612   b . In various embodiments, SoC  607  may correspond to integrated circuit  100  as illustrated in  FIG. 1 . DRAMs  608   a  and  608   b  may be mounted on DRAM PoP substrate  608 . Terminals on DRAMs  608   a  and  608   b  may be coupled to terminals on DRAM PoP substrate  608  using bond wires (not shown). Although only two DRAMs are shown in the present embodiment, in other embodiments, any suitable number of DRAMs may be employed. 
     IPD  606  is coupled to SoC  607 . In various embodiments, IPD  606  may correspond to IPD  403  as illustrated in  FIG. 4 . SoC  607  is further coupled to substrate  601  via solder bumps  613   a  and  613   b . Substrate  601  may, in various embodiments, include wires fabricated on multiple conductive layers, which are separated by insulating layers. The wires may be arranged to provide conductive paths through substrate  601  from solder bumps  613   a  and  613   b  to solder bumps  614   a ,  614   b , and  615 . Although a single IPD is depicted as being coupled to SoC  607 , in other embodiments, any suitable number of IPDs may be employed. Moreover, although IPD  606  is depicted as being coupled to SoC  607  via solder bumps, in other embodiments, planar pads, such as those depicted in  FIG. 12B , may be employed to couple IPD  606  to SoC  607 . 
     One or more power supply voltages may be generated by CLVR  603 , which may include one or more inductors along voltage regulator circuits and other suitable circuitry. In various embodiments, CLVR  603  may be fabricated on a semiconductor manufacturing process that allows for the fabrication of inductors and other passive circuit elements. CLVR  603  is coupled to substrate  601  via solder bumps  614   a  and  614   b . CLVR  603  is further coupled to IPD  604 , which may, in various embodiments, be of lo similar construction to IPD  606 . CLVR  603  is further coupled to high frequency voltage regulator (HFVR) circuits, denoted as HFVR  602 . In various embodiments, HFVR  602  may include any suitable portion of regulators circuit  302 , and may be fabricated using an appropriate semiconductor manufacturing process. Although a single IPD is depicted as being coupled to CLVR  603 , in other embodiments, any suitable number of IPDs may be employed. 
     It is noted that the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 6  is merely an example. In other embodiments, different components, and different arrangements of components are possible and contemplated. 
     Turning to  FIG. 7 , another embodiment of a computing system is illustrated. In the illustrated embodiment, computing system  700  includes substrate  701 , SoC  707 , DRAM PoP substrate  708 , DRAMs  709   a - b , and IPD  704  and  706 . In a similar fashion to the embodiment depicted in  FIG. 6 , SoC  707  is coupled to IPD  706  and DRAM PoP substrate  708 . SoC  707  is further coupled to substrate  701 , which may, in various embodiments, be similar to substrate  601  as depicted in the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 6 . 
     In a similar fashion to substrate  601  as depicted in  FIG. 6 , substrate  701  includes multiple conductive paths coupled to terminals of SoC  707  via solder bumps  713   a - b . SoC  707  is further coupled to IPD  706 . Some conductive paths of substrate  701  may be coupled to CLVR  703  via solder bumps  714   a - b . In the present embodiment, CLVR  703  is coupled to IPD  704 . 
     In various embodiments, CLVR  703  may include voltage regulator circuits such as those described above in reference to  FIG. 3 . CLVR  703  may be configured to further regulate one of the power supply voltage levels provided by a power supply circuit, battery, or other suitable source. In some embodiments, CLVR  703  may generate regulated supplies for one or more functional unit or circuit blocks included in SoC  707 . In various embodiments, an amount of capacitance included in IPD  706  may be selected dependent upon a desired amount of droop in a corresponding power supply voltage level. 
     DRAM PoP substrate  708  is also coupled to SoC  707  via solder bumps  712   a - b , and DRAMs  709   a - b  are mounted and coupled to DRAM PoP substrate  708  in any suitable manner. In various embodiments, SoC  707  may include through silicon vias or other suitable technology that may be employed to couple power terminals of DRAM PoP substrate  708  to power supply voltages via conductive paths included in substrate  701 . 
     IPDs  704  and  706  may, in various embodiments, include one or more capacitors and multiple wiring layers as described about in regard to  FIG. 5A  and  FIG. 5B . In some embodiments, values of capacitors included in IPDs  704  and  706  may be selected based on a desired amount of voltage droop occurring on regulated power supplies generated by CLVR  703 , or other performance characteristics of CLVR  703 . 
     It is noted that the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 7  is another example. In other embodiments, different arrangements of the components may be employed. 
     Another embodiment of a computing system is illustrated in  FIG. 8 . In the illustrated embodiment, computing system  800  includes substrate  801 , SoC  807 , IPD  806 , CLVR  803 , DRAM PoP substrate  808 , and DRAMs  809   a - b.    
     In a similar fashion to substrate  601  as depicted in  FIG. 6 , substrate  801  includes multiple conductive paths coupled to terminals of SoC  807  via solder bumps  814   a - b . SoC  807  is further coupled to IPD  806  and CLVR  804 . DRAM PoP substrate  808  is also coupled to SoC  807  via solder bumps  813   a - b , and DRAMs  809   a - b  are mounted and coupled to DRAM PoP substrate  808  in any suitable manner. 
     In various embodiments, CLVR  803  may include voltage regulator circuits including, but not limited to, inductors, high frequency circuits, and the like. CLVR  803  may be configured to further regulate power supply voltage levels generated by a power supply circuit, a batter, or other suitable source. In some embodiments, CLVR  803  may generate regulated supplies for one or more functional unit or circuit blocks included in SoC  807 . In various embodiments, an amount of capacitance included in IPD  806  may be selected dependent upon a desired amount of droop in a corresponding power supply voltage level. 
     It is noted that the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 8  is merely an example. Different components and different arrangements of components may be employed in other embodiments. 
     Turning to  FIG. 9 , another embodiment of a computing system is illustrated. In the illustrated embodiment, computing system  900  includes substrate  901 , SoC  907 , CLVR  903 , DRAM PoP substrate  908 , and DRAMs  909   a - b.    
     In a similar fashion to substrate  601  as depicted in  FIG. 6 , substrate  901  includes multiple conductive paths coupled to terminals of SoC  907  via solder bumps  914   a - b . SoC  907  is further coupled to CLVR  903 . DRAM PoP substrate  908  is also coupled to SoC  907  via solder bumps  913   a - b , and DRAMs  909   a - b  are mounted and coupled to DRAM PoP substrate  908  in any suitable manner. 
     In various embodiments, CLVR  903  may include voltage regulator circuits including, but not limited to, inductors, high frequency circuits, and the like. CLVR  903  may be configured to further regulate a power supply voltage level provided by a battery or other power supply. In some embodiments, CLVR  903  may generate regulated supplies for one or more functional unit or circuit blocks included in SoC  907 . 
     In the present embodiment, IPD  904 , is fabricated on the same integrated circuit as SoC  907 , and may include any suitable number of capacitors and wiring layers to connect to desired power supply nodes within SoC  907 . In some embodiments, an amount of capacitance included in IPD  904  may be selected dependent upon a desired amount of droop in the voltage levels of the desired power supply nodes within SoC  907 . 
     It is noted that the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 9  is merely an example. In other embodiments, the various components may be arranged in different configurations. 
     Turning to  FIG. 10 , another embodiment of a computing system is illustrated. In the illustrated embodiment, computing system  1000  includes substrate  1001 , SoC  1007 , Voltage Regulator (VR) die  1005 , DRAM PoP substrate  1008 , and DRAMs  1009   a - b.    
     In a similar fashion to substrate  601  as depicted in  FIG. 6 , substrate  1001  includes multiple conductive paths coupled to terminals of VR die  1105  via solder bumps  1014   a - c . VR die  1005  is further coupled to SoC  1007 . DRAM PoP substrate  1008  is also coupled to SoC  1007  via solder bumps  912   a - b , and DRAMs  1009   a - b  are mounted and coupled to DRAM PoP substrate  1008  in any suitable manner. 
     VR die  1005  includes one or more capacitors, denoted as IPD  1004 , and CLVR  1003 . As described above, in regard to other embodiments of CLVRs, CLVR  1003  may include voltage regulator circuitry, inductors, control circuitry, and other suitable components. VR die  1005  may receive power supply voltages from any suitable source, such as, e.g., a battery, a power management unit, and the like, and be configured to regulate the received power supply voltages to generate power supply voltage levels for circuits included in SoC  1007 . VR die  1005  may be fabricated using a semiconductor process that allows for the fabrication of passive components such as, inductors and capacitors, for example. In some embodiments, SoC  1007  may include through silicon vias that allow power supply voltages generated by circuitry included in VR die  1005  to be passed onto DRAMs  1009   a - b.    
     It is noted that the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 10  is merely an example. In other embodiments, different components and different arrangements of components are possible and contemplated. 
     Turning to  FIG. 11 , a flow diagram depicting an embodiment of a method assembling a computing system is illustrated. The method begins in block  1101 . Individual components included in the computing system may then be fabricated (block  1102 ). In various embodiments, such components may include an SoC integrated circuit, such as, e.g., integrated circuit  100 , along with DRAMs or other memory devices. Additionally, voltage regulator circuits and PMUs may be fabricated in various configurations. In some embodiments, substrates that include multiple conductive paths may also be fabricated. 
     Each component may be fabricated on a particular semiconductor manufacturing process. Different processes may be used for different components so that specialized circuits elements, such as, e.g., may included in a particular one of the components in the computing system. 
     With the components fabricated, a PMU may then be mounted to a substrate (block  1103 ). In various embodiments, solder balls, or other suitable materials, may be employed to couple terminals of the PMU to corresponding terminals of the substrate. Voltage regulator circuits may then be mounted (block  1104 ). In some embodiments, the regulator circuits may be mounted to substrate in a similar fashion to the PMU. The regulator circuits may be fabricated on a single integrated circuit, or may be fabricated on multiple integrated circuits, each of which may be mounted to the substrate. In some cases, some of the regulator circuits may be mounted to an SoC included in the computing system, or may be included in the integrated circuit, which includes the SoC. 
     Discrete inductors and capacitors may then be mounted to substrate at any suitable location on the substrate (block  1105 ). Terminals on the inductors and capacitors may be coupled to terminals on the substrate, which, in turn, are coupled to conductive paths within the substrate that are coupled to terminals of the PMU. It is noted that any suitable number of inductors and capacitors, of any suitable value, may be employed. 
     Memories may then be mounted to the computing system (block  1106 ). In various embodiments, the memories, such as, e.g., DRAMs, may be mounted on a PoP substrate. Terminals on the memories may be bonded using wires, or other suitable materials, to terminals on the PoP substrate. Additional terminals on the PoP substrate may then be coupled to terminals on the SoC integrated circuit, or other suitable location, using solder balls. Once the memories have been mounted, the method concludes in block  1107 . 
     Although the operations are depicted as being performed in a sequential fashion, in other embodiments, one or more of the operations may be performed in parallel. 
     Although specific embodiments have been described above, these embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure, even where only a single embodiment is described with respect to a particular feature. Examples of features provided in the disclosure are intended to be illustrative rather than restrictive unless stated otherwise. The above description is intended to cover such alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as would be apparent to a person skilled in the art having the benefit of this disclosure. 
     The scope of the present disclosure includes any feature or combination of features disclosed herein (either explicitly or implicitly), or any generalization thereof, whether or not it mitigates any or all of the problems addressed herein. Accordingly, new claims may be formulated during prosecution of this application (or an application claiming priority thereto) to any such combination of features. In particular, with reference to the appended claims, features from dependent claims may be combined with those of the independent claims and features from respective independent claims may be combined in any appropriate manner and not merely in the specific combinations enumerated in the appended claims.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20170418
Publication Date: 20200310
Grant Date: 20200310
Priority Date: 20160429
Inventors: SEARLES, SHAWN
RAMACHANDRAN, VIDHYA
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H01L2225/06513", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01L25/16", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01L25/50", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01L25/0657", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H02M3/158", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01L25/16", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H02M3/158", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01L25/50", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01L2224/16225", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01L2225/06513", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01L25/16", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01L25/0657", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01L25/50", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01L2224/16225", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H02M3/158", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01L2924/19104", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01L2924/19011", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01L2924/15331", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01L2224/17181", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01L2924/15311", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01L2224/16227", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01L2224/16265", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01L2224/16145", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 60157532