PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-9690394-B2
Application Number: US-201213620177-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Input device having extendable nib

Abstract:
An input device for computing devices that include touch screens. The input device includes a body, a nib or tip movably coupled to the body, and an actuator operably connected to the body and the nib. The actuator moves the nib from a first position to a second position, and in the first position the input device provides a first input to the computing device and in the second position the input device provides a second input to the computing device.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An input device for producing output on computing devices comprising:
 a body; 
 a nib movably coupled to the body, wherein the nib comprises a plurality of strands; and 
 an actuator operably connected to the body and the nib; wherein 
 the actuator moves the nib from a first position to a second position, wherein at least one characteristic of the output produced by the input device changes according to whether the nib is in the first position or the second position, and wherein the at least one characteristic is selected from the group consisting of different colors, thickness, and shapes that are not only a change in thickness; and 
 in the first position each of the plurality of strands in the nib has a first length extending from the body such that the input device provides a first input to the computing device and in the second position each of the plurality of strands in the nib has a second length extending from the body such that the input device provides a second input to the computing device. 
 
     
     
       2. The input device of  claim 1 , wherein the nib is a conductive material. 
     
     
       3. The input device of  claim 2 , wherein the nib is a flexible material and in the second position the nib bends when the user exerts a force on the body. 
     
     
       4. The input device of  claim 1 , wherein the nib is Mylar. 
     
     
       5. The input device of  claim 1 , wherein in the first position the strands have a first spacing distance relative to each other, and in the second position the strands have a second spacing distance relative to each other. 
     
     
       6. The input device of  claim 1 , wherein the actuator is a slide that traverses along a length of the body. 
     
     
       7. The input device of  claim 1 , wherein the actuator is a rotatable member that rotates relative to the body. 
     
     
       8. The input device of  claim 1 , wherein the actuator is a compressible button. 
     
     
       9. The input device of  claim 1 , further comprising a sensor, wherein the sensor is configured to determine a position of the nib relative to the body. 
     
     
       10. The input device of  claim 1 , further comprising an optical element, wherein the optical element is configured to transfer an optical signal through the nib to the computing device. 
     
     
       11. A stylus for providing an input to a touch interface of a computing device to produce an output on the computing device, comprising:
 an elongated body; 
 a nib movably connected to the body; 
 an actuator operably connected to the nib and the body, wherein 
 the actuator varies of the nib that is exposed outside of the elongated body, wherein at least one characteristic of the output produced by the stylus changes according to the amount of the nib that is exposed outside of the elongated body, and wherein the at least one characteristic is selected from the group consisting of different colors, thickness, and shapes that are not only a change in thickness; and 
 wherein when the actuator is in a first position, a first amount of the nib is exposed outside of the elongated body to interact with the touch interface to provide a first input to the computing device, and wherein when the actuator is in a second position, a second amount of the nib is exposed outside of the elongated body to interact with the touch interface to provide a second input to the computing device. 
 
     
     
       12. The stylus of  claim 11 , wherein the nib comprises a plurality of strands. 
     
     
       13. The stylus of  claim 12 , wherein in a first position the plurality of strands are spaced adjacent one another and in a second position the plurality of strands are spaced apart from one another by a spacing distance. 
     
     
       14. The stylus of  claim 13 , wherein the stylus further comprises a light source, wherein the light source is in optical communication with the touch interface through at least one strand of plurality of strands. 
     
     
       15. The stylus of  claim 14 , wherein the plurality of strands are optical fibers. 
     
     
       16. The stylus of  claim 11 , wherein the actuator is a rotatable member, and in a first position the nib has a first extension length and in a second position the nib has a second extension length. 
     
     
       17. The stylus of  claim 11 , wherein as the actuator varies the amount of the nib exposed outside of the elongated body, a conductive surface of the nib interacting with the touch interface varies correspondingly. 
     
     
       18. The stylus of  claim 11  wherein the first amount is a first surface area of the nib exposed outside of the elongated body and the second amount is a second surface area of the nib exposed outside of the elongated body.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates generally to computing devices, and more specifically, to input devices for computing devices. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Many types of input devices may be used to provide input to computing devices, such as buttons or keys, mice, trackballs, joysticks, touch screens and the like. Touch screens, in particular, are becoming increasingly popular because of their ease and versatility of operation. Typically touch screens can include a touch sensor panel, which may be optically clear or near-clear, and a display device that can be positioned behind, in front of or in plane with the panel so that the touch-sensitive surface substantially covers the viewable area of the display device. Touch screens allow a user to provide various types of input to the computing device by touching the touch sensor panel using a finger, stylus, or other object at a location dictated by a user interface being displayed by the display device. In general, touch screens can recognize a touch event and the position of the touch event on the touch sensor panel, and the computing system can then interpret the touch event in accordance with the display appearing at the time of the touch event, and thereafter can perform one or more actions based on the touch event. 
     Touch sensor panels can be formed from a matrix of row and column traces, with sensors or touch regions present where the rows and columns cross over each other while being separated by a dielectric material. Each row can be driven by a stimulation signal, and touch locations can be identified through changes in the stimulation signal. Typically, a touch location is sensed based on an interference of the stimulation signal, such that a touch location may correspond to a location where the stimulation signal is the weakest. In some instances it may be desirable for a user to provide input to the touch screen with an input device other than the user&#39;s finger or fingers. Some input devices, such as a stylus, allow a user to use the input device as a pen or pencil and “write” on the touch screen. However, many times, a tip or point of these input devices may be a relatively hard element that may feel unnatural to users, as well as may generally produce the same output on the touch screen regardless of the user&#39;s input variation (such as, pressing harder, angling the tip, and so on). Accordingly, many of the “writing” input devices may lack features that may be present in pens, pencils, or other non-electronic writing tools. 
     SUMMARY 
     One example of the present disclosure may take the form of an input device for computing devices that include touch screens. The input device includes a body, a nib or tip movably coupled to the body, and an actuator operably connected to the body and the nib. The actuator moves the nib from a first position to a second position, and in the first position the input device provides a first input to the computing device and in the second position the input device provides a second input to the computing device. 
     Another example of the disclosure may take the form of a stylus for proving an input to a touch interface of a computing device. The stylus includes an elongated body, a nib movably connected to the body, and an actuator operably connected to the nib and the body. The actuator varies a length of the nib exposed outside of the body. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a system including a computing device and an input device communicating therewith. 
         FIG. 2  is a cross-section view of a touch screen of the computing device taken along line  2 - 2  in  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagram of the computing device of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 4A  is a cross-section view of the input device with a nib extended to a first length. 
         FIG. 4B  is a cross-section view of the input device with the nib extended to a second length. 
         FIG. 5  is a simplified block diagram of the input device. 
         FIG. 6A  is a partial cross-section view of the input device taken along line  6 A- 6 A in  FIG. 4A . 
         FIG. 6B  is a partial cross-section view of the input device taken along line  6 B- 6 B in  FIG. 4B . 
         FIG. 7A  is a top plan view of the computing device receiving an input from the input device with the nib extended to the first length. 
         FIG. 7B  is a top plan view of the computing device receiving an input from the input device with the nib extended to the second length. 
         FIG. 8  is a simplified schematic of the nib extended to the second length interacting with the touch screen. 
         FIG. 9A  is a perspective view of a second example of the input device with the nib in a retracted position and having a plurality of strands. 
         FIG. 9B  is a perspective view of the input device of  FIG. 9A  with the nib in an extended position. 
         FIG. 10A  is an example of the input device of  FIG. 9A  interacting with the touch screen. 
         FIG. 10B  is an example of the input device of  FIG. 9B  interacting with the touch screen. 
         FIG. 11  is a top plan view of a schematic of the touch screen illustrating the nodes interacting with the nib illustrated in  FIG. 10B . 
         FIG. 12  is an enlarged simplified cross-section of the input device including a signal transmission mechanism. 
     
    
    
     SPECIFICATION 
     Overview 
     In some embodiments herein, an input device having variable output characteristics for communicating with a computing device is disclosed. In one embodiment, the input device may take the form of a stylus that may be used to communicate with a display, such as a touch screen or touch interface, of a computing device. The stylus may include a nib or tip that may have variable interaction surface dimensions (as one example, variable lengths that may contact or be sensed by a touch-sensitive surface, such as a touch screen). In one instance, the user may vary the length of the nib exposed outside of a body of the stylus, which may vary an output of the stylus as it interacts with the touch screen. As one example, the user may activate a button, switch, or other component, in order to vary the length of the nib which may be exposed through an end of the stylus. As the length of the nib exposed varies, the point of contact or interaction dimensions of the nib on the touch screen, as well as the length of the nib encased within the body may be varied, which may vary one or more inputs from the input device to the touch screen. Moreover, in some embodiments, the nib may be at least partially flexible, such that as the exposed length varies, the signal detected by a touch-sensitive surface may vary, thereby varying an output of an associated electronic device (as may be shown on a display) and/or user interaction. For instance, a relatively short exposed length may be less flexible, resulting in a harder feel, such as a pen, tip, when the user presses on the touch screen, whereas a longer exposed length may be more flexible, resulting in a softer feel, such as a paint brush, and optionally wider tip when the user presses on the touch screen. 
     By increasing its exposed length or other dimension, more of the nib, which may be a conductive element, may be in communication with the touch screen. In these instances, the stylus may interact with multiple nodes of the touch screen, which may produce a wider, darker, or differently colored output, provide an output with different formatting, be registered as a different input, or otherwise vary the output of the touch screen based on the inputs from the stylus. As one example, the more portions of the nib that may be in contact with the touch screen may provide a wider displayed output line, or may correspond to different colors, or the like. 
     In another embodiment, the nib may include multiple (e.g., two or more) strands. In these instances, as the nib length extends from an enclosure or body of the stylus, the strands may separate from one another. As one example, the strands may fan away from one another. Each strand may interact with the touch screen to provide a separate input to the device, and so this may create a brush-like input to the touch screen. (Touch screen, as used herein, Is intended to encompass any touch-sensitive surface, and particularly those associated with a display.) As the strands may be relatively flexible, the stylus may feel substantially similar to a paint brush, and the touch screen or computing device may be configured to provide outputs that correspond to a paint brush-type input. For example, as the user swipes the stylus across the page, the interactions of each strand with the touch screen may produce a brush-like output line having varying thicknesses depending on the pressure applied by the user, the angle of the stylus, and so on. 
     As briefly mentioned, the nib may be a conductive material, or another material laced or coated with conductive elements, that may interact with a capacitive touch screen. As one non-limiting example, the nib may be Mylar or a like material. Alternatively or additionally, the nib may be configured to transfer one or more optical signals to the touch screen. For example, the nib may include or more fiber optic cables that transfer one or more input signals the touch screen. 
     Turning now to the figures, a communication system including a computing device and an input device will be discussed in more detail.  FIG. 1  is a perspective view of an input system  100  including an stylus  104  in communication with a computing device  102  through a touch screen  106 . The computing device  102  may be substantially any type of electronic device and may include a capacitive input mechanism, such as the touch screen  106  or other touch interface. For example, the computing device  102  may be a laptop computing device, a tablet computing device, a smartphone, a digital music player, portable gaming station, or the like. Although not shown, the computing device  102  may include one or more components of a typical electronic or computing device, such as one or more processing components, to provide control or provide other functions for the device  102 . Some illustrative components for operating and communicating with the touch screen  106  are discussed in more detail below with respect to  FIG. 4 . 
     The computing device  102  may include the touch screen  106 , an enclosure  110 , one or more input buttons  108 , and/or additional functionality, components and elements. The enclosure  110  encloses one or more components of the computing device  102 , as well as may surround and/or secure a portion of the touch screen  106  to the computing device  102 . The one or more input buttons  108  may provide input functions to the computing device  102 . For example, the input buttons  108  may adjust a volume for the computing device  102 , turn the computing device  102  on or off, or may provide other inputs for the computing device  102 . Further, the computing device  100  may also include one or more receiving ports  112 . The receiving ports  112  may receive one or more plugs or connectors, such as but not limited to, a universal serial bus (USB) cable, a tip ring sleeve connector, or the like. 
     The Touch Screen 
     The touch screen  106  may include one or more sensors in order to detect one or more input signals based on user touches and/or inputs from the stylus. Additionally, the touch screen  106  may include a display screen to provide a graphical user interface, and depict video and/or image output for the computing device  102 .  FIG. 2  is a cross-section view of the touch screen  106  taken along line  2 - 2  in  FIG. 1 . The touch screen  106  is configured to receive inputs from an object (e.g., location information based on a user&#39;s finger or data from the input device) and to send this information to a processor. The touch screen  106  may report touches to one or more processors and the processor may interpret the touch(es) in accordance with its programming. For example, the processor may initiate a task in response to a particular touch. The touch screen  106  may include a display screen  112  and a sensor panel  114  positioned at least partially over the display screen  112 . The display screen  112  is configured to display one or more output images and/or videos for the computing device  102 . The display screen  112  may be substantially any type of display mechanism, such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), plasma display, light emitting diode (LED) display, organic LED display and the like. In instances where the display screen  112  is a LCD display, the display screen  112  may include (not shown) various layers such a fluorescent panel, one or more polarizing filters, a layer of liquid crystal cells, a color filter, or the like. It should be noted that  FIG. 2  is not drawn to scale and is a schematic view of the touch screen. 
     The sensor panel  114  may include an electrode layer  116  operably connected to a sensor glass  118  or other type of support structure. The electrodes  116  may be connected to one or both sides of the sensor glass  118 . As one example, the electrodes  116  may be positioned on a first side of the sensor glass  118 , and the other side of the glass may be coated to form a ground shield. As another example, the sensor glass  118  may be formed of multiple layers of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), with each layer including electrodes  116  operably connected to one side of the layer. The layers may be stacked to form rows, columns, and/or shield layers. 
     With continued reference to  FIG. 2 , the sensor glass  118  may form a portion of the display screen  112  or may be separate therefrom. The sensor glass  118  may be a relatively clear element that may protect the display screen  112  from forces that may be exerted on the sensor panel  114  by a user or input device. In some embodiments, the sensor glass  118  may be a clear glass panel that may allow the display screen  112  to be viewable therethrough. The electrode layer  116  may include one or more electrodes which may be deposited on the sensor glass  118 . For example, the electrode layer  116  may be formed of one or more suitable transparent conductive materials, such as indium-tin-oxide, and/or pattern techniques, such as deposition and printing. It should be noted that the electrode layer  116  may include a plurality of electrodes separated by gaps, where the electrodes are interconnected by one or more traces or other electrical elements. In an embodiment having in-plane drive rows and sense columns, a drive line may be segmented into multiple drive elements. Traces may run from each drive element or a row to a substrate, thereby interconnecting each drive element to form a row. Thus, vertically aligned drive elements may be separated from one another by guard columns and/or sense columns, but may continue to operate as a single drive row. 
     The electrode layer  116  may include at least one or two layers of electrodes which may be spaced apart across the layer  116 . The electrodes, discussed in more detail with respect to  FIG. 3 , may define one or more nodes  144  that act as capacitive coupling sensors to detect touches on the touch screen  106 . The number, spacing and configuration of the nodes  144  may be varied, depending on the desired sensitivity of the touch screen  106 . 
     The touch screen  106  may also include a cover surface  120  disposed over the electrode layer  116 . Thus, the electrode layer  116  may be substantially sandwiched between the cover surface  120  and the sensor glass  118 . The cover surface  120  protects the other layers of the touch screen  106 , while also acting to insulate the electrode layer  116  from external elements (such as fingers or input devices that may contact the cover surface  120 ). The cover surface  120  may generally be formed from substantially any suitable clear material, such as glass, sapphire or plastic. Additionally, typically the cover surface  120  is sufficiently thin to allow for sufficient electrode coupling between the electrode layer  118  and any external input objects (e.g., fingers, input devices). For example, the cover surface  120  may have a thickness ranging between 0.3 to 2 mm. 
     It should be noted that, in some embodiments, the touch screen  106  may be substantially any type of touch interface. For example, the touch interface may not be see-through and/or may not correspond to a display screen. In these instances, a particular surface or group of surfaces may be configured to receive touch inputs, that may or may not correspond to a separately displayed user interface, icons, or the like. The touch screen may take the form of a touch pad or track pad in some embodiments, or a touch-sensitive surface on an input device. 
     Operation of the touch screen  106  will now be discussed in more detail.  FIG. 3  is an illustrative block diagram of the computing device  102  and touch screen  106 . The sensor panel  114  of the touch screen  106  may be configured to detect touches on the surface of the touch screen  106  by changes in capacitance. Typically when two electrically conductive members come close to one another, without actually touching, their electric fields interact to form a capacitance. With reference to  FIG. 3 , a sensing node  144  formed by one or more electrodes (explained below) may form a first electrically conductive member and an object, such as a finger of the user, may form a second electrically conductive member. The sensor panel  114  of the touch screen  106  may be configured as in a self capacitance arrangement or in a mutual capacitance arrangement. 
     In the self capacitance arrangement, the electrode layer  116  may include a single layer of a plurality of electrodes spaced in a grid or other coordinate system (e.g., Polar) where each electrode may form a node  144 . The sensing circuit  150  monitors changes in capacitance that may occur at each node  144 , which typically occurs at a node  144  when a user places an object (e.g., finger or nib  122  of the stylus  104 ) in close proximity to the electrode. 
     With continued reference to  FIG. 3 , in a mutual capacitance system, the electrode layer  116  may include electrodes separated into two layers forming drive lines  142  and sense lines  140 . The drive lines  142  may be formed on a first layer of the electrode layer  116  and the sense lines  140  may be formed on a second layer of the electrode layer  116 . The nodes  144  for the sensor panel  114  may be defined at locations of the electrode layer  116  where the drive lines  142  may cross the sense lines  140  (although in different layers). The sense lines  140  may intersect the drive lines  142  in a variety of manners. For example, in one embodiment, the sense lines  140  are perpendicular to the drive lines  142 , thus forming nodes  144  with x and y coordinates. However, other coordinate systems can also be used, and the coordinates of the nodes  144  may be differently defined. 
     A drive controller  146  is connected to each of the drive lines  142 . The drive controller  146  provides a stimulation signal (e.g., voltage) to the drive lines  142 . The sensing circuit  150  is connected to each of the sense lines  140  and the sensing circuit  150  acts to detect changes in capacitance at the nodes  144 . During operation, the stimulation signal is applied to the drive lines  142  and due to the capacitive coupling between the drive lines  142  and sensing rows  140 , a current is carried through to the sense lines  140  at each of the nodes  144 . The sensing circuit  150  then monitors changes in capacitance at each of the nodes  144 . As with the self-capacitance, a change in capacitance at each of the nodes  144  typically occurs when a user places an object such as a finger in close proximity to the node  144  as the object typically steals a charge, affecting the capacitance of the node  144 . 
     In a specific embodiment, each drive line  140  may be driven separately or in groups, such that the drive controller  146  may selectively apply the stimulation signal to drive lines  140 . Each drive line  140  or bank of drive lines may be driven sequentially until the entire set of drive lines  140  has been driven. Although the drive lines  140  are driven individually or in groups, the sensing circuit  150  may sense changes of capacitance along all of the sense lines  142  in parallel. In this manner, the coordinates of a touch node  144  may be more easily determined. 
     In some embodiments, the drive and sense lines may be co-planar rather than on different planes. Likewise, an associated array of RGB pixels may be co-planar with the drive and sense lines, such that the touch screen  106  is in plane with the display pixels. 
     In either the self-capacitance or mutual capacitance arrangements discussed above, the sensing circuit  150  can detect changes in capacitance at each node  144 . This may allow the sensing circuit  150  to determine when and where a user or the stylus  104  has touched various surfaces of the touch screen  106  with one or more objects. The sensing circuit  150  may include one more sensors for each of the sense lines  142  and may then communicate data to a processor  148 . In one example, the sensing circuit  150  may convert the analog capacitive signals to digital data and then transmit the digital data to the processor  148 . In other examples, the sensing circuit  150  may transmit the analog capacitance signals to the processor  148 , which may then convert the data to a digital form. Further, it should be noted that the sensing circuit  150  may include individual sensors for each sensing line  142  or a single sensor for all of the sense lines  142 . The sensing circuit  150  may report a location of the node  144 , as well as the intensity of the capacitance (or changed thereof) at the node  144 . 
     With reference to  FIG. 4 , the sensing circuit  150  may also include a multiplexer  154 . The multiplexer  154  may be configured to perform time multiplexing for the sense lines  142 . For example, the sensing circuit  150  may receive signals from each of the nodes  144  along the sense lines  142  at approximately the same time, the multiplexer  154  stores the incoming signals and then may release the signals sequentially to the processor  148  one at a time. 
     The sensing circuit  150  may also include a converter  156 . The converter  156  transforms signals from a first signal to a second signal. For example, the converter  156  may transform analog signals to digital signals. As specific example, the converter  156  may receive voltage signals from the sense lines  142  which may vary based on the amount of capacitive coupling at each of the nodes  144  and may transform those voltage signals into digital signals. 
     In some instances, the capacitive coupling for the touch screen  106 , and specifically the electrode layer  116 , may be determined by the physical geometry of the touch screen  106  and the object communicating with the touch screen  106 . Thus, as will be discussed in more detail below, as the portion of the nib in communication with the touch screen varies, so may the input signals as sensed by the touch screen. 
     The Input Device 
     Turning now to  FIGS. 4A and 4B , a first example of the stylus  104  will be discussed in more detail.  FIG. 4A  is a perspective view of the stylus  104  with the nib  122  extended to a first length.  FIG. 4B  is a perspective view of the stylus  104  with the nib  122  extended to a second length. The stylus  104  may include a body  160  or enclosure that may at least partially enclose the nib  122 , as well as one or more components of the stylus  104 . The nib  122  may extend through a nib aperture  164  defined on a first end  166  of the stylus  104 . 
     The nib  122  may be a generally flexible material that may deform upon pressure and resiliently return to an original shape. The nib  122  may be made of a metal such as aluminum, brass or steel, as well as conductive rubber, plastic and other materials doped with conductive particles. In one embodiment the nib  122  may be Mylar, which may have sufficient conductive particles to interact with the touch screen, but may also be flexible. The nib  122  may be configured to be slid or traced along the surface of the touch screen  106  to interact therewith. For example, the nib  122  may be a conductive material, or another material laced with a conductive material, in order to may interact with the touch screen  106  and specifically one or more electrode layers (discussed below) to provide input to the computing device  102 . In some embodiments, the nib  122  may be configured to vary an electrical parameter, such as a capacitance, at one or more of the nodes  144  of the touch screen  106 , which may provide an input to the touch screen  106 . For example, as the nib  122  contacts the surface of the touch screen  106 , the touch screen  106  may receive a touch input. As will be discussed in more detail below, as the portions of the nib  122  that interact with the touch screen  106  increase, two or more nodes  144  may sense the presence of the stylus  104 . This may allow the touch screen  106  to detect a general thickness, length, or width of the exposed nib, as discussed in more detail below. 
     The stylus  104  may further include an actuator  162  operably connected to the nib  122  and accessible through the body  160  or connected to an outer surface thereof. The actuator  162  may be used to vary an exposed length of the nib  122 . For example, in  FIG. 4A , when the actuator  162  is in a first position the nib  122  may have a first extension length L 1  relative to the first end  164 , whereas in  FIG. 4B , when the actuator  162  is in a second position, the nib  122  may have an extension length L 2  relative to the first end  164 . In these embodiments, the actuator  162  may be a slide or switch that may be selectively movable by a user. As the actuator  162  varies in its position along a length and/or width of the stylus  104 , the nib may move correspondingly. It should be noted that although the actuator  162  is shown in  FIGS. 4A  and  4 B as a switch or slide button, other actuators are envisioned. For example, the actuator  162  may be other mechanical components, such as a compressible button, a rotatable collar or member, or the like. In these embodiments, the body  160  may include one or more components that may function as a track, travel surface, or other guide for the actuator  164 . The actuator  164  may thus control the shape formed by the nib as its individual elements extend, in some embodiments. The actuator may be configurable to permit a user to select from a variety of shapes formed by the extended elements of the nib. For example, the actuator may include a collar or other element that may be configured between two different shapes. One shape may be a slit, so that the elements of the nib extend to form a fan. A second shape may be round, so that the elements of the nib extend to form a round brush. 
     As another example, the actuator  162  may be one or more electrical components or switches, such as a sensor coupled to a motor or other element that may change the extension length of the nib in response to a sensed user input. 
     The stylus  104  may also include one or more control and/or internal components.  FIG. 5  is a simplified block diagram of the stylus  104 . With reference to  FIG. 5 , the stylus  104  may include a power source  168 , a processor  170 , an input/output interface  172 , and/or one or more sensor  174 . The electrical components of the stylus  104  may be in communication through one or more buses  176 . 
     The power source  168  may provide power to one or more components of the stylus  104 . The power source  168  may be a portable power source, such as a battery, or may be a wired power source, such as a communication cord that may be configured to transfer power to the stylus  104  from an external component. 
     The processor  170  may control select functions of the stylus  104 . In some embodiments, the processor  170  may determine one or more input signals that may be transmitted through the nib  122  to the touch screen  106  and/or computing device  102 . For example, as will be discussed in more detail below, the stylus  104  may communicate signals through the nib  122  to the touch screen, or through a back channel communication pathway, or the like, and in these instances, the processor  170  may control the signals transmitted from the stylus  104 . 
     Optionally, the stylus  104  may also include an input/output (I/O) interface  172 . The I/O interface  172  may receive and/or transmit one or more signals to and from the stylus  104 , in addition to the optional transmission function of the nib. For example, the I/O interface  172  may receive one or more radio signals (e.g., Bluetooth), or may be configured to receive one or more electrical (digital and/or analog) signals transmitted from the computing device  102 . In the latter example, the I/O interface  172  may be used in conjunction with the nib  122  to transmit and/or receive signals from the touch screen  106 . For example, the I/O interface  172  may be configured to receive one or more voltage signals from the touch screen  106  (e.g., through the drive lines, discussed in more detail below). Additionally, the I/O interface  172  may include a voltage source in order transmit (optionally via the nib  122 ) one or more signals to the touch screen  106  and/or computing device  102 . 
     With continued reference to  FIG. 2 , the stylus  104  may also include one more sensors  174 . In some instances the sensors  174  may be configured to detect one more stimuli of, or received by the nib  122 , the body  160 , and/or other areas of the stylus  104 . For example, the one more sensors  174  may include an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a pressure sensor, a force sensor, and so on. In these instances, the sensors  174  may be configured to detect changes in the angle of the stylus  104 , a force exerted on the nib  122 , a force exerted on the barrel or body of the stylus, and so on. With reference to  FIGS. 4A-5 , a sensor may be used to determine a position of the nib  122  with respect to first end  164  of the stylus  104 , that is, an extension length of the nib  122 . For example, the sensor  174  may be a circuit or electrical component that may be configured to detect a voltage or other characteristic of a voltage divider or potentiometer. 
     An illustrative embodiment of the stylus  104  including a sensor  174  configured to detect a voltage signal corresponding to a nib position will now be discussed.  FIG. 6A  is a cross-section view of the stylus taken along line  6 A- 6 A in  FIG. 4A .  FIG. 6B  is a cross-section view of the stylus taken along line  6 B- 6 B in  FIG. 4B . With reference to  FIGS. 6A and 6B , the sensor  174  may be in communication with a voltage divider, such as a potentiometer. In this example, as the actuator  178  changes a position of the nib  122  with respect to the body  160  of the stylus  104 , a wiper  178  operably connected to an end  180  of the nib  122  may change location along a restive element  182 . For example, as the actuator  162  moves the nib  122  along a length of the body  160  of the stylus  104 , the actuator  162  may also move the wiper  178 . 
     The wiper  178  or other conductive element may be in communication with the sensor  170 , which in this case may be configured to sense a change in voltage. As the position of the wiper  178  changes along the resistive element  182 , the sensor  170  may sense varying voltages. However, it should be noted that other parameters may be used to determine the location of the nib relative to the body of the stylus, and a voltage input is only a single example. 
     With reference to  FIG. 6A , when the nib  122  is partially exposed or has the first extension length L 1 , the wiper  182  may be positioned a distance of X along the restive element  178 . This may produce a first resistance, which may vary a voltage signal applied across the resistive element  178  as measured at the wiper location. With reference to  FIG. 6B , when the nib  122  has a second extension length L 2 , the wiper  178  may be positioned at a distance of Y along the resistive element  178 . The distance of the wiper  178  may thus correspond to the position of the nib  122 , and may vary the voltage signal sensed by the sensor  174 . In these embodiments, the stylus  104  may be able to determine the extension length of the nib  122 . This may allow the stylus  104  to transfer this data to the touch screen separately (e.g., through a back channel communication path or the like), which may be used to provide varying outputs by the touch screen. For example, a first extension length may represent a first output color, whereas a second extension length may represent a second output color. As a second example, the different output lengths may be provided to the computing device  102  (in addition to being detectable through the touch screen) to provide redundant data regarding the nib  122 . 
     As briefly discussed above, as the nib  122  extension varies, the portions of the nib  122  that are in communication with the touch screen  106  may correspondingly increase or decrease. As the portions of the nib  122  in communication with the touch screen  106  vary, the touch screen  106  may detect a varying input signal from the stylus  104 .  FIG. 7A  is a top plan view of the computing device  102  receiving an input from the stylus  104  with the nib  122  having the first extension. With reference to  FIGS. 4A and 7A , the nib  122  may have a relatively small contact point with the touch screen  106 , such as a point contact. This is because, the extension length L 1  of the nib  122  may be small, so that the nib  122  may not be able to substantially bend or flex. In other words, the body  160  may surround a substantial portion of the nib  122  so as to prevent the nib  122  from bending or flexing, and as such only the tip or exposed end of the nib  122  may contact the touch screen  106 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 7A , the small contact area of nib  122  when mostly retracted into the stylus  104  may result in a first line  184  output by the computing device  102 . The first line  184  may have a first width or thickness that may be configured to correspond to the portion of the nib  122  in contact with the touch screen  106 . However, as the length of the exposed portion of the nib varies, the output by the computing device may also vary. 
     As the extension of the nib changes, the stylus may provide additional input signals to the touch screen.  FIG. 7B  is a top plan view of the computing device  102  receiving an input from the stylus  104  with the nib  122  having the second extension length L 2 . With reference to FIGS.  4 B and  7 B, as the user presses on the stylus  104 , the nib  122  may bend or flex such that a larger portion of the nib  122  may be in contact with the touch screen  106 . Specifically, the nib  122  body may bend under the user force and may create a “L” shape or other curved shape where more than the tip of the nib  122  may be in contact with the touch screen. For example, a length of nib  122  along a first side may be in contact with the touch screen to interact with a plurality of nodes  144 . This may provide an output line  186  that may have a larger thickness than the first output line  174  corresponding to the first extension length. 
     As the percentage of the nib  122  that interacts with the touch screen  106  varies, the nib  122  may contact more or fewer nodes of the touch screen.  FIG. 8  is a simplified schematic of the nib  122  having the second extension length L 2  interact with the touch screen  106 . In this example, the first end  202  of the nib  122  may interact with a first node  188 , a middle portion  204  of the nib  122  may interact with a second node  190 , and a third or second end  206  of the nib  122  may interact with a third node  192 . Due to the conductivity of the nib  122  material, the various portions of the nib  122  may cause a variation in a parameter at each of the nodes  188 ,  190 ,  192 . For example, in capacitive touch screen, the nib  122  portions may vary a capacitance at each node  188 ,  190 ,  192 . The variations in capacitance may be detected similar to the variations due to a user&#39;s finger, and may be correlated to one or more functions or commands. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 7B and 8 , the first end  202  of the nib  122  may be correlated to the top edge  208  of the output line  186 , the middle portion  204  of the nib  122  may be correlated to the middle  210  of the output line  186 , and the second end  206  of the nib  122  may be correlated to the bottom edge  210  of the output line  186 . As more of the nib  122  is exposed, more nodes  144  may be in communication with the nib  122 , which may vary the width of the output line or other output associated with the stylus. 
     In some instances, the sides and other surfaces of the nib  122  may be used in addition to or instead of the tip of the nib to provide input to the touch screen  106 . This may allow the stylus  104  to use nib-side interactions with the touch screen to provide a first input, as well as nib-tip interactions with the touch screen to provide a second input. These interactions may provide an enhanced user experience, as varying pressure, angle, and/or gestures with the input device  104  on the touch screen may result in varying outputs displayed on the device. 
     Although the output lines  184 ,  186  are discussed herein as having varying thicknesses, in other embodiments, the output thickness may be the same, but the flexibility of the nib may provide an enhanced user experience, as the stylus may have a more realistic feel, such as a paintbrush feel. Alternatively, the outputs based on the nib extension may be otherwise varied, such as varying the output color, an input command to the computing device  102 , and so on. 
     Alternative Example of the Input Device 
     In some embodiments, the nib of the input device may include two or more strands or bristles that may each separately interact with the touch screen.  FIG. 9A  is a perspective view of a second example of the input device with the nib having a plurality of strands.  FIG. 9B  is a perspective view of the input device of  FIG. 9A  with the nib in an extended position. With reference to  FIGS. 9A and 9B , the input device  304  may be substantially similar to the input device  104 , but the nib  322  may include a plurality of strands  368   a - 368   n . Each strand  368   a - 368   n  may be operably connected to the body  360  of the input device  304 , and may be selectively movable relative to a first end  366  of the stylus. For example, an actuator  362  may vary an exposed length of each strand  368   a - 38   n , either individually or collectively, as they extend through a nib aperture  364  defined in the end  366  of the body  360 . 
     In this example, the nib  322  and the corresponding strands  368   a - 368   n  may be a conductive material, such as Mylar, that may also be flexible. Alternatively or additionally, the strands may be optic fibers, or other materials that may optically transmit light therethrough. 
     In addition to the nib  322  including a plurality of strands, in the stylus  304  of  FIGS. 9A and 9B , the actuator may be varied. In these embodiments, the actuator  362  may be a rotating member that may rotate relative to the body  360  of the stylus  360  in order to vary the exposed length of the nib  322 . For example, the actuator  362  may be a rotatable collar that may rotate circumferentially around the body  360 , and as the actuator  362  rotates the nib  322  may be retracted or extended. It should be noted that the actuator  362  may be used with the stylus  104  of  FIGS. 4A and 4B  and/or the actuator  162  of  FIGS. 4A and 4B  may be used with the stylus  304  of  FIGS. 9A and 9B . 
     In instances where the actuator  362  may be the rotating collar member, the nib  322  may be connected to the actuator  362 , and as the actuator  362  rotates it may move laterally along the length of the body  360 . As the position of the actuator  362  along the body length varies, the position of the nib relative to the body may also vary, which may changed the exposed length of the nib  322 . It should be noted that the stylus  304  may also include a sensor for detecting the position of the nib  322  relative to the end  366  of the stylus, the sensor may be substantially similar to the sensor discussed with respect to the stylus  104 , or may be another component configured to detect a parameter that may be correlated to a position of the nib. 
     With reference to  FIG. 9A , in instances where the nib  322  may have a first extension length L 1 , the strands  368  may be compressed together as they extend from the nib aperture  364 . In these instances, each strand may be sufficiently close to the other strands so that the stylus  304  may interact with the touch screen  106  in such a manner to produce a single or generally coherent output.  FIG. 10A  is an example of the nib  322  having the first extension length L 1 , and interacting with the touch screen. With reference to  FIGS. 9A and 10A , the diameter of the nib aperture  264  may be correlated to a thickness of the output line  384 , as the strands  368   a - 368   n  may be compressed together surrounded by the inner walls of the body defining the aperture. 
     With continued reference to  FIGS. 9A and 10A , the strands  368   a - 368   n  may be substantially close together so that the nodes  144  of the touch screen  106  may sense only a single interaction therewith, and accordingly the individual strands may be sensed as a single input to the touch screen  106 . This may produce the single line  384  shown in  FIG. 10A . Of course, the output and sensed inputs may be varied by the variations in the sensitivity of the touch screen  106 , so that the more sensitive the touch screen may be (such as having more nodes), the closer together the strands may have to be in order to be detected as a single input. 
     The exposed portion of the nib  322  may be varied to vary an input to the touch screen  106 . With reference to  FIG. 9B , the actuator  362  may be selectively actuated to vary the exposed length of the nib  322  from the first exposed length L 1  to a second exposed length L 2 . As the nib  322  extends past the end  366  of the body  360 , the strands  368   a - 368   n  may separate and extend away from each other. In other words, the strands may splay out as they extend from the stylus. As one example, the strands  368   a - 368   n  may form a fan shape as they extend from the end  366  of the stylus  304 . As shown in  FIG. 9B , each respective strand may be separated from adjacent strands by a spacing distance  370 . The spacing distance  370  may correspond to the exposed or extension length of the nib  322 . That is, the larger the exposed length of the nib  322 , the larger the spacing distance  370 . 
     As the strands  368   a - 368   n  of the nib  322  extend away from each other, the touch screen  106  may detect separate inputs correspond to each strand.  FIG. 10B  is a top plan view of the stylus  304  with the nib  322  in an extended position. As shown in  FIG. 10B , an output graphic  386  corresponding to the input from the stylus  304  may include a plurality of strand lines  388   a - 388   n , where each strand line may correspond to the sensed input from each strand  368   a - 368   n . In these embodiments, the stands  368   a - 368   n  may be sufficiently separated to be individually detectable by the touch screen  106 . That is, separate nodes may sense the presence of each strand. 
     The touch screen interaction for detecting the strands of the nib will now be discussed in more detail.  FIG. 11  is a top plan view of a schematic of the touch screen  106  illustrating the nodes interacting with the nib  322  as shown in  FIG. 10B . With reference to  FIG. 11 , in instances where the nib  322  is extended, each of the strands  368   a - 386   n  may interact with a different node or plurality nodes (e.g., in a manner similar to  FIG. 8 ). For example, a first strand  368   a  may interact with a first node  344 , a second strand  368   b  may interact with a second node  346 , a third strand  368   c  may interact with a third node  348 , a fourth strand  368   d  may interact with a fourth node  350 , and so on. As each of the strands  368   a - 368   n  may be a conductive material, as they encounter the touch screen  106 , the capacitance at each of the nodes may thus be altered, which may allow the touch screen to detect the input from the strands. It should be noted that the number of nodes which a particular set of strands may interact with may be determined by the spacing distance  370  between each strand, as well as the geometry of the touch screen. For example, the farther the distance between each stand and the increased number of nodes and position of nodes relative to each on the touch screen, the more individual strands that may be detected. However, in other examples, a particular node may detect two or more strands, although the nib  322  may be in an extended position. In these examples, the output lines may have a thickness that corresponds to a group of strands, rather than individual strands. This also may vary based on the thickness of each strand. 
     It should be noted that in some instances, each of the strands  368   a - 368   n  may also apply an input similar to the input illustrated in  FIG. 7B . Specifically, the nib  322  of the stylus  304  may be sufficiently flexible that the user may apply pressure to bend the nib  322  to create a wider stroke, in addition to or instead of the fanning stroke illustrated in  FIG. 9B . Moreover, although the strands  368   a - 368   n  are illustrated as being extended and retracted in a group, in some embodiments, the strands may be individually movable or movable in subsets. For example, the user may selectively move an actuator to move one or more strands, such that the stylus  304  may vary from having a single strand exposed to having a two strands exposed, to having all of the strands exposed. In this manner, the exposed portion of the nib  322  may be dynamically variable based on the desires of the user, which may enhance the user experience, as well as provide the user an additional level of control for providing inputs to the touch screen  106 . 
     The strands  368   a - 368   n  may be configured to be sufficiently sensitive to forces and/or variations in dimension that they may be used to trace a three-dimensional surface on a screen. For example, the strands may be brushed across a raised surface. The variance in height of the surface may be detected by the strands and this information may be transmitted to an associated computing device, permitting virtual reconstruction of the device by the system. 
     Alternative Nib Example 
     In some embodiments, the nib may interact with the touch screen through a transmitted signal, in addition to alternatively to the capacitive coupling with the nodes  144 .  FIG. 12  is an enlarged simplified cross-section of the stylus  304  including a signal transmission mechanism. As shown in  FIG. 12 , the nib and/or strands may be one or more fiber optic cables and the stylus  304  may include a light emitting diode  406  (LED) or other light source that may be optically connected thereto. In this example, the LED  406  may transmit light signals, such as pulses, through the strands  368   a - 368   n , and the strands may communicate these signals to the touch screen  106 . 
     In this embodiment, the touch screen  106  or other display may include one or more sensors that may be used to detect the signals from the stylus  304 . As one example, the touch screen may include one or more optical sensors, such as cameras or other optical elements that may be used to capture the signals transmitted by the nib  322 . As another example, one or more pixels in the display screen  112  may be used as optical or light sensors to sense the light signals from the stylus  304 . In this example, the display screen  112  may include a plurality of pixels that may be used to provide a visual output corresponding to one or more colors. During an off-flicker time period (e.g., as the pixels are refreshing between frames), the pixels may have a residual charge from the previous frame and may be configured to receive the signals from the stylus  304 . As the light hits the pixels, the pixels may transmit the signals to the one or more processing components which may use the input signals as desired. 
     In these embodiments, select wavelengths, such as a select colors, may represent certain signals. Alternatively or additionally, the touch screen may be configured to receive only a select color or wavelength signal. In these instances, the touch screen may be configured to interact with only with select stylus devices, which may act as a security setting for the device. 
     In another embodiment, the converse of the above may be implemented. That is, the input device  304  may include a light sensor that is operably connected to one or more of the nib strands  368 . The nib strands may be fiber optic or otherwise made of a light transmissive material, such that colors adjacent the ends of the strands may be registered by the light sensor within the input device. In this fashion, a touch screen or other display may employ light to communicate commands, data or other information to the stylus; the light may be sensed by the internal light sensor and certain patterns, shades, hues, intensities and the like may be correlated to particular data for the stylus. As one example, such functionality may permit the stylus to function as a relatively inexpensive tool to calibrate colors on a display. 
     Further, a stylus having this functionality may facilitate color matching of real-world items, so that those colors may be used in an output associated with the stylus. As one example, the ends of a strand  368  may be placed next to a shirt. The color of the shirt may be sensed by the light sensor and a corresponding RGB value may be determined. That RGB value may be communicated from the input device to the associated computing device, so that outputs created by the action of the input device are shown in the aforementioned color. Essentially, any color may thus be sampled and reproduced as an output color in this fashion, and substantially any item may serve as the basis for this color sampling. 
     The light sensor need not be a visible light sensor only or exclusively. It may be an ultraviolet light sensor, infrared light sensor, and so on, either in addition to or in place of a standard color sensor. In addition, the light sensor may be paired with a light emitting source, such as a white LED, to facilitate color sampling by illuminating the surface to be color sampled. 
     It should be noted that other communication mechanisms may be used to allow the stylus to transfer data directly to the touch screen. Data transferred may include data relating to one or more sensors within the stylus (e.g., accelerometer, gyroscope, or force sensors), battery status, or the like. Some examples of communication may be a back channel communication channel through the touch screen or a digital communication transmitted as a voltage signal through the nib  322 . An example of this second type of communication is discussed in more detail in the U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/560,963 filed on Jul. 27, 2012 and entitled, “Device for Digital Communication through Capacitive Coupling.” 
     CONCLUSION 
     The foregoing description has broad application. For example, while examples disclosed herein may focus on stylus embodiments, it should be appreciated that the concepts disclosed herein may equally apply to substantially any other type of input device. Similarly, although the input device and receiving unit may be discussed with touch screens, the devices and techniques disclosed herein are equally applicable to other types of capacitive coupling systems. Moreover, although the nib has been discussed herein as being extendable, the ideas discussed herein may be used with non-extendable nibs. Accordingly, the discussion of any embodiment is meant only to be exemplary and is not intended to suggest that the scope of the disclosure, including the claims, is limited to these examples.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20120914
Publication Date: 20170627
Grant Date: 20170627
Priority Date: 20120914
Inventors: ARMSTRONG-MUNTNER JOEL S.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G06F3/03545", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/03542", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/03545", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/03542", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 50273975