PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-9052894-B2
Application Number: US-78967410-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: API to replace a keyboard with custom controls

Abstract:
A method and system for display a user interface object. A user interface object for receiving user input to the application program is determined and the user interface object is displayed on the display. A first set of characteristics of the user interface object is control in accordance with the application program. The first set of characteristics include appearance of the user interface object and user interactions with the application program via the user interface object. A second set of characteristics of the user interface different form the first set of characteristics are controlled in accordance with the control program. The second set of characteristics include the display state of the user interface object.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
 identifying that at least one input field of a user interface of an application corresponds to an accessory view that is associated with a plurality of user interface controls; 
 receiving a selection of one user interface control of the plurality of user interface controls, wherein the selected user interface control is a customized user interface control specific to the application residing on a computing device, and the selected user interface control is associated with:
 a first set of characteristics associated with a customized appearance of the selected user interface control, and 
 a second set of characteristics associated with a display state of the selected user interface control based on, at least in part, a display behavior of a standard user interface control; 
 
 detecting whether the customized appearance of the selected user interface control replaces an appearance of the standard user interface control associated with the at least one input field, wherein the standard user interface control is not specific to any application on the computing device; and 
 in response to the detecting:
 controlling the first set of characteristics of the selected user interface control in accordance with the application, 
 retrieving display behavior data associated with the standard user interface control, wherein the display behavior data comprises one or more display behavior rules for the standard user interface control, and each display behavior rule of the one or more display behavior rules specifies an event associated with the computing device and a corresponding display action associated with the standard user interface control, and 
 controlling the second set of characteristics of the selected user interface control in accordance with the display behavior data associated with the standard user interface control. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The computer-implemented method of  claim 1 , wherein controlling the second set of characteristics comprises updating the display state of the selected user interface control as if the selected user interface control were a standard, on-screen user interface control. 
     
     
       3. The computer-implemented method of  claim 2 , wherein the standard, on-screen interface control comprises an on-screen keyboard. 
     
     
       4. The computer-implemented method of  claim 2 , wherein updating the display state comprises displaying and hiding the selected user interface control in accordance with an user interaction event. 
     
     
       5. The computer-implemented method of  claim 2 , wherein updating the display state includes:
 in response to a rotation event:
 determining a position of the selected user interface control within the user interface, and 
 rotating the selected user interface control within the user interface based on the position. 
 
 
     
     
       6. The computer implemented method of  claim 5 , wherein the rotation event comprises a user physically rotating the computing device. 
     
     
       7. The computer-implemented method of  claim 2 , wherein updating the display state includes hiding the selected user interface control in response to a hiding event. 
     
     
       8. The computer-implemented method of  claim 7 , wherein the hiding event comprises a user interacting with a region of the user interface that is not associated with the application. 
     
     
       9. The computer-implemented method of  claim 1 , further comprising, prior to identifying that the at least one input field corresponds to the accessory view:
 displaying the user interface; and 
 receiving a selection of the at least one input field. 
 
     
     
       10. A portable electronic device, comprising:
 a processor, configured to carry out steps that include: 
 identifying that at least one input field of a user interface of an application corresponds to an accessory view that is associated with a plurality of user interface controls; 
 receiving a selection of one user interface control of the plurality of user interface controls, wherein the selected user interface control is a customized user interface control specific to the application residing on the portable electronic device, and the selected user interface control is associated with:
 a first set of characteristics associated with a customized appearance of the selected user interface control, and 
 a second set of characteristics associated with a display state of the selected user interface control based on, at least in part, a display behavior of a standard user interface control; 
 
 detecting whether the customized appearance of the selected user interface control replaces an appearance of the standard user interface control associated with the at least one input field, wherein the standard user interface control is not specific to any application on the portable electronic device; and 
 in response to the detecting:
 controlling the first set of characteristics of the selected user interface control in accordance with the application, 
 retrieving display behavior data associated with the standard user interface control, wherein the display behavior data comprises one or more display behavior rules for the standard user interface control, and each display behavior rule of the one or more display behavior rules specifies an event associated with the portable electronic device and a corresponding display action associated with the standard user interface control, and 
 controlling the second set of characteristics of the selected user interface control in accordance with the display behavior data associated with the standard user interface control. 
 
 
     
     
       11. The portable electronic device of  claim 10 , wherein controlling the second set of characteristics comprises updating the display state of the selected user interface control as if the selected user interface control were a standard, on-screen user interface control. 
     
     
       12. The portable electronic device of  claim 11 , wherein updating the display state includes:
 in response to a rotation event:
 determining a position of the selected user interface control within the user interface, and 
 rotating the selected user interface control within the user interface based on the position. 
 
 
     
     
       13. The portable electronic device of  claim 12 , wherein the rotation indication event comprises a user physically rotating the portable electronic device. 
     
     
       14. The portable electronic device of  claim 11 , wherein updating the display state includes hiding the selected user interface control in response to a hiding event. 
     
     
       15. The portable electronic device of  claim 14 , wherein the hiding event comprises a user interacting with a region of the user interface that is not associated with the application. 
     
     
       16. A computer readable storage medium configured to store instructions that, when executed by a processor included in a computing device, cause the computing device to carry out steps that include:
 identifying that at least one input field of a user interface of an application corresponds to an accessory view that is associated with a plurality of user interface controls; 
 receiving a selection of one user interface control of the plurality of user interface controls, wherein the selected user interface control is a customized user interface control specific to the application residing on the computing device, and the selected user interface control is associated with:
 a first set of characteristics associated with a customized appearance of the selected user interface control, and 
 a second set of characteristics associated with a display state of the selected user interface control based on, at least in part, a display behavior of a standard user interface control; 
 
 detecting whether the customized appearance of the selected user interface control replaces an appearance of the standard user interface control associated with the at least one input field, wherein the standard user interface control is not specific to any application on the computing device; and 
 in response to the detecting:
 controlling the first set of characteristics of the selected user interface control in accordance with the application, 
 retrieving display behavior data associated with the standard user interface control, wherein the display behavior data comprises one or more display behavior rules for the standard user interface control, and each display behavior rule of the one or more display behavior rules specifies an event associated with the computing device and a corresponding display action associated with the standard user interface control, and 
 controlling the second set of characteristics of the selected user interface control in accordance with the display behavior data associated with the standard user interface control. 
 
 
     
     
       17. The computer readable storage medium of  claim 16 , wherein controlling the second set of characteristics comprises updating the display state of the selected user interface control as if the selected user interface control were a standard, on-screen user interface control. 
     
     
       18. The computer readable storage medium of  claim 17 , wherein updating the display state comprises displaying and hiding the selected user interface control in accordance with a user interaction event. 
     
     
       19. The computer readable storage medium of  claim 17 , wherein updating the display state includes:
 in response to a rotation event:
 determining a position of the selected user interface control within the user interface, and 
 rotating the selected user interface control within the user interface based on the position. 
 
 
     
     
       20. The computer readable storage medium of  claim 19 , wherein the rotation event comprises a user physically rotating the computing device.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/295,676, filed Jan. 15, 2010, entitled “API to Replace a Keyboard with Custom Controls,” which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     This application is related to the following applications: (1) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/789,658, filed May 28, 2010, “Automatic Keyboard Layout Determination,”; (2) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/789,666, filed May 28, 2010, “Automatically Displaying and Hiding an On-Screen Keyboard,”; and (3) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/789,684, filed May 28, 2010, “System and Method for Issuing Commands to Applications Based on Contextual Information.” Each of these applications is incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The disclosed embodiments relate generally to electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces, and more particularly, to electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces that display user interfaces. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The use of touch-sensitive surfaces as input devices for computers and other electronic computing devices has increased significantly in recent years. Exemplary touch-sensitive surfaces include touch pads and touch screen displays. Such surfaces are widely used to manipulate user interface objects on a display. 
     Some electronic devices (e.g., a mobile phone, a portable game console, etc.) provide a user interface that includes an on-screen keyboard (also called a soft keyboard) that allows a user to enter text into the user interface by touching virtual keys displayed on a touch-sensitive display device (sometimes called a touch screen display). Typically, the on-screen keyboard is a system keyboard that is provided by the operating system of the electronic device. In addition to providing the system keyboard, the operating system of the device handles the display behavior of the system keyboard. A application developer may want to create custom user interfaces because the standard interfaces don&#39;t have visual appearances or functionalities that are desired by the application developer. For example, on a small screen, an on-screen keyboard may obscure valuable portions of a displayed application. In another example, a game developer may want to have a custom game interface that includes game related functionality instead of a standard user interface that does not include game related functionality. 
     Existing methods for creating custom user interfaces are time consuming and inefficient because they require an application developer to specify all aspects of a custom user interface, including the display behavior of the custom user interface. 
     SUMMARY 
     Accordingly, there is a need for computing devices with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for displaying custom user interfaces with the display behavior of a standard user interface. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for displaying custom user interfaces with the display behavior of a standard user interface. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated computing devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges. 
     The above deficiencies and other problems associated with user interfaces for computing devices with touch-sensitive surfaces are reduced or eliminated by the disclosed devices. In some embodiments, the device is a desktop computer. In some embodiments, the device is portable (e.g., a notebook computer, tablet computer, or handheld device). In some embodiments, the device has a touchpad. In some embodiments, the device has a touch-sensitive display (also known as a “touch screen” or “touch screen display”). In some embodiments, the device has a graphical user interface (GUI), one or more processors, memory and one or more modules, programs or sets of instructions stored in the memory for performing multiple functions. In some embodiments, the user interacts with the GUI primarily through finger contacts and gestures on the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the functions may include image editing, drawing, presenting, word processing, website creating, disk authoring, spreadsheet making, game playing, telephoning, video conferencing, e-mailing, instant messaging, workout support, digital photographing, digital videoing, web browsing, digital music playing, and/or digital video playing. Executable instructions for performing these functions may be included in a computer readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is provided to display a custom user interface in accordance with at least some of the display behaviors of a standard system user interface. The application programming interface (API) for the system provides functions that allow a programmer to replace the appearance and functionality of a standard user interface object. As a result, the standard user interface object will appear and function in accordance with the instructions corresponding to the custom user interface while retaining all other functionality of the standard user interface such as display behavior. Such methods enhance the user&#39;s experience as all user interfaces whether custom or standard have behaviors that are consistent with the standard input interface provided by the device. Such methods also a programmer to create custom user interfaces without having to specify at least some of the display behaviors of the custom user interfaces, thereby decreasing application development time. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computer-implemented method is performed at an electronic device with one or more processors, a touch-screen display and memory storing one or more programs including an application program and a control program. The method includes determining a user interface object for receiving user input to the application program and displaying the user interface object on the display. The method also includes, in accordance with the application program, controlling a first set of characteristics of the user interface object. The first set of characteristics include appearance of the user interface object and user interactions with the application program via the user interface object. The method further includes, in accordance with the control program, controlling a second set of characteristics of the user interface object different from the first set of characteristics, wherein the second set of characteristics include display state of the user interface object. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a touch screen display, one or more processors, memory, and one or more programs; the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors and the one or more programs include instructions for performing the operations of any of the methods described above. In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface on an electronic device with a touch screen display, a memory, and one or more processors to execute one or more programs stored in the memory includes one or more of the elements displayed in any of the methods described above, which are updated in response to inputs, as described in any of the methods above. In accordance with some embodiments, a computer readable storage medium has stored therein instructions which when executed by an electronic device with a touch screen display, cause the device to perform the operations of any of the methods described above. In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes: a touch screen display; and means for performing the operations of any of the methods described above. In accordance with some embodiments, an information processing apparatus, for use in an electronic device with a touch screen display, includes means for performing the operations of any of the methods described above. 
     Thus, electronic devices with touch screen displays are provided with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for displaying custom user interfaces with the display behavior of a standard user interface, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for displaying custom user interfaces with the display behavior of a standard user interface. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a better understanding of the aforementioned embodiments of the invention as well as additional embodiments thereof, reference should be made to the Description of Embodiments below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures. 
         FIGS. 1A and 1B  are block diagrams illustrating portable multifunction devices with touch-sensitive displays in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a portable multifunction device having a touch screen in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 4A and 4B  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for a menu of applications on a portable multifunction device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 4C  illustrates an exemplary user interface for a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 5A and 5B  illustrate an exemplary event handler system in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 6  illustrates exemplary pseudo code for associating a custom user interface with display behavior of a standard system object. 
         FIGS. 7A-7E  illustrate exemplary user interfaces in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 8A-8B  are flow diagrams illustrating a method of  800  in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments. 
     It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first contact could be termed a second contact, and, similarly, a second contact could be termed a first contact, without departing from the scope of the present invention. The first contact and the second contact are both contacts, but they are not the same contact. 
     The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in the description of the invention and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     As used herein, the term “if” may be construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” may be construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event],” depending on the context. 
     Embodiments of computing devices, user interfaces for such devices, and associated processes for using such devices are described. In some embodiments, the computing device is a portable communications device such as a mobile telephone that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/or music player functions. Exemplary embodiments of portable multifunction devices include, without limitation, the iPhone® and iPod Touch® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. Other portable devices such as laptops or tablet computers with touch-sensitive surfaces (e.g., touch screen displays and/or touch pads) may also be used. It should also be understood that, in some embodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but is a desktop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch screen display and/or a touch pad). 
     In the discussion that follows, a computing device that includes a display and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should be understood, however, that the computing device may include one or more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physical keyboard, a mouse and/or a joystick. 
     The device supports a variety of applications, such as one or more of the following: a drawing application, a presentation application, a word processing application, a website creation application, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheet application, a gaming application, a telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, a workout support application, a photo management application, a digital camera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing application, a digital music player application, and/or a digital video player application. 
     The various applications that may be executed on the device may use at least one common physical user-interface device, such as the touch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitive surface as well as corresponding information displayed on the device may be adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physical architecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the device may support the variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and transparent. 
     The user interfaces may include one or more soft keyboard or on-screen keyboards embodiments. As used herein, “soft keyboard” and “on-screen keyboard” are used interchangeably. The soft keyboard embodiments may include standard (QWERTY) and/or non-standard configurations of symbols on the displayed icons of the keyboard, such as those described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/459,606, “Keyboards For Portable Electronic Devices,” filed Jul. 24, 2006, Ser. No. 11/459,615, “Touch Screen Keyboards For Portable Electronic Devices,” filed Jul. 24, 2006, and 61/210,331, “Smart Keyboard Management for a Multifunction Device with a Touch Screen Display,” filed Mar. 16, 2009 the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. The keyboard embodiments may include a reduced number of icons (or soft keys) relative to the number of keys in existing physical keyboards, such as that for a typewriter. This may make it easier for users to select one or more icons in the keyboard, and thus, one or more corresponding symbols. The keyboard embodiments may be adaptive. For example, displayed icons may be modified in accordance with user actions, such as selecting one or more icons and/or one or more corresponding symbols. One or more applications on the device may utilize common and/or different keyboard embodiments. Thus, the keyboard embodiment used may be tailored to at least some of the applications. In some embodiments, one or more keyboard embodiments may be tailored to a respective user. For example, one or more keyboard embodiments may be tailored to a respective user based on a word usage history (lexicography, slang, individual usage) of the respective user. Some of the keyboard embodiments may be adjusted to reduce a probability of a user error when selecting one or more icons, and thus one or more symbols, when using the soft keyboard embodiments. 
     Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable devices with touch-sensitive displays.  FIGS. 1A and 1B  are block diagrams illustrating portable multifunction devices  100  with touch-sensitive displays  112  in accordance with some embodiments. Touch-sensitive display  112  is sometimes called a “touch screen” for convenience, and may also be known as or called a touch-sensitive display system. Device  100  may include memory  102  (which may include one or more computer readable storage mediums), memory controller  122 , one or more processing units (CPU&#39;s)  120 , peripherals interface  118 , RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , input/output (I/O) subsystem  106 , other input or control devices  116 , and external port  124 . Device  100  may include one or more optical sensors  164 . These components may communicate over one or more communication buses or signal lines  103 . 
     It should be appreciated that device  100  is only one example of a portable multifunction device, and that device  100  may have more or fewer components than shown, may combine two or more components, or may have a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown in  FIGS. 1A and 1B  may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both hardware and software, including one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits. 
     Memory  102  may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Access to memory  102  by other components of device  100 , such as CPU  120  and the peripherals interface  118 , may be controlled by memory controller  122 . 
     Peripherals interface  118  can be used to couple input and output peripherals of the device to CPU  120  and memory  102 . The one or more processors  120  run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in memory  102  to perform various functions for device  100  and to process data. 
     In some embodiments, peripherals interface  118 , CPU  120 , and memory controller  122  may be implemented on a single chip, such as chip  104 . In some other embodiments, they may be implemented on separate chips. 
     RF (radio frequency) circuitry  108  receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  108  converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  108  may include well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. The RF circuitry  108  may communicate with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The wireless communication may use any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document. 
     Audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , and microphone  113  provide an audio interface between a user and device  100 . Audio circuitry  110  receives audio data from peripherals interface  118 , converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to speaker  111 . Speaker  111  converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves. Audio circuitry  110  also receives electrical signals converted by microphone  113  from sound waves. Audio circuitry  110  converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to peripherals interface  118  for processing. Audio data may be retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory  102  and/or RF circuitry  108  by peripherals interface  118 . In some embodiments, audio circuitry  110  also includes a headset jack (e.g.  212 ,  FIG. 2 ). The headset jack provides an interface between audio circuitry  110  and removable audio input/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headset with both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input (e.g., a microphone). 
     I/O subsystem  106  couples input/output peripherals on device  100 , such as touch screen  112  and other input control devices  116 , to peripherals interface  118 . I/O subsystem  106  may include display controller  156  and one or more input controllers  160  for other input or control devices. The one or more input controllers  160  receive/send electrical signals from/to other input or control devices  116 . The other input control devices  116  may include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s)  160  may be coupled to any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, infrared port, USB port, and a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g.,  208 ,  FIG. 2 ) may include an up/down button for volume control of speaker  111  and/or microphone  113 . The one or more buttons may include a push button (e.g.,  206 ,  FIG. 2 ). A quick press of the push button may disengage a lock of touch screen  112  or begin a process that uses gestures on the touch screen to unlock the device, as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/322,549, “Unlocking a Device by Performing Gestures on an Unlock Image,” filed Dec. 23, 2005, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. A longer press of the push button (e.g.,  206 ) may turn power to device  100  on or off. The user may be able to customize a functionality of one or more of the buttons. Touch screen  112  is used to implement virtual or soft buttons and one or more soft keyboards. 
     Touch-sensitive display  112  provides an input interface and an output interface between the device and a user. Display controller  156  receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to touch screen  112 . Touch screen  112  displays visual output to the user. The visual output may include graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all of the visual output may correspond to user-interface objects. 
     Touch screen  112  has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor or set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact. Touch screen  112  and display controller  156  (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory  102 ) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on touch screen  112  and converts the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages or images) that are displayed on touch screen  112 . In an exemplary embodiment, a point of contact between touch screen  112  and the user corresponds to a finger of the user. 
     Touch screen  112  may use LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED (light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologies may be used in other embodiments. Touch screen  112  and display controller  156  may detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of a plurality of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with touch screen  112 . In an exemplary embodiment, projected mutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in the iPhone® and iPod Touch® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. 
     A touch-sensitive display in some embodiments of touch screen  112  may be analogous to the multi-touch sensitive touchpads described in the following U.S. Pat. No. 6,323,846 (Westerman et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 6,570,557 (Westerman et al.), and/or U.S. Pat. No. 6,677,932 (Westerman), and/or U.S. Patent Publication 2002/0015024A1, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. However, touch screen  112  displays visual output from portable device  100 , whereas touch sensitive touchpads do not provide visual output. 
     A touch-sensitive display in some embodiments of touch screen  112  may be as described in the following applications: (1) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/381,313, “Multipoint Touch Surface Controller,” filed May 2, 2006; (2) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/840,862, “Multipoint Touchscreen,” filed May 6, 2004; (3) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/903,964, “Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jul. 30, 2004; (4) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/048,264, “Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jan. 31, 2005; (5) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/038,590, “Mode-Based Graphical User Interfaces For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jan. 18, 2005; (6) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,758, “Virtual Input Device Placement On A Touch Screen User Interface,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; (7) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,700, “Operation Of A Computer With A Touch Screen Interface,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; (8) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,737, “Activating Virtual Keys Of A Touch-Screen Virtual Keyboard,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; and (9) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/367,749, “Multi-Functional Hand-Held Device,” filed Mar. 3, 2006. All of these applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. 
     Touch screen  112  may have a resolution in excess of 100 dpi. In some embodiments, the touch screen has a resolution of approximately 160 dpi. The user may make contact with touch screen  112  using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to work primarily with finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired by the user. 
     In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, device  100  may include a touchpad (not shown) for activating or deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output. The touchpad may be a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from touch screen  112  or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen. 
     In some embodiments, device  100  may include a physical or virtual wheel (e.g., a click wheel) as input control device  116 . A user may navigate among and interact with one or more graphical objects (e.g., icons) displayed in touch screen  112  by rotating the click wheel or by moving a point of contact with the click wheel (e.g., where the amount of movement of the point of contact is measured by its angular displacement with respect to a center point of the click wheel). The click wheel may also be used to select one or more of the displayed icons. For example, the user may press down on at least a portion of the click wheel or an associated button. User commands and navigation commands provided by the user via the click wheel may be processed by input controller  160  as well as one or more of the modules and/or sets of instructions in memory  102 . For a virtual click wheel, the click wheel and click wheel controller may be part of touch screen  112  and display controller  156 , respectively. For a virtual click wheel, the click wheel may be either an opaque or semitransparent object that appears and disappears on the touch screen display in response to user interaction with the device. In some embodiments, a virtual click wheel is displayed on the touch screen of a portable multifunction device and operated by user contact with the touch screen. 
     Device  100  also includes power system  162  for powering the various components. Power system  162  may include a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices. 
     Device  100  may also include one or more optical sensors  164 .  FIGS. 1A and 1B  show an optical sensor coupled to optical sensor controller  158  in I/O subsystem  106 . Optical sensor  164  may include charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistors. Optical sensor  164  receives light from the environment, projected through one or more lens, and converts the light to data representing an image. In conjunction with imaging module  143  (also called a camera module), optical sensor  164  may capture still images or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch screen display  112  on the front of the device, so that the touch screen display may be used as a viewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the front of the device so that the user&#39;s image may be obtained for videoconferencing while the user views the other video conference participants on the touch screen display. In some embodiments, the position of optical sensor  164  can be changed by the user (e.g., by rotating the lens and the sensor in the device housing) so that a single optical sensor  164  may be used along with the touch screen display for both video conferencing and still and/or video image acquisition. 
     Device  100  may also include one or more proximity sensors  166 .  FIGS. 1A and 1B  show proximity sensor  166  coupled to peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, proximity sensor  166  may be coupled to input controller  160  in I/O subsystem  106 . Proximity sensor  166  may perform as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/241,839, “Proximity Detector In Handheld Device”; Ser. No. 11/240,788, “Proximity Detector In Handheld Device”; Ser. No. 11/620,702, “Using Ambient Light Sensor To Augment Proximity Sensor Output”; Ser. No. 11/586,862, “Automated Response To And Sensing Of User Activity In Portable Devices”; and Ser. No. 11/638,251, “Methods And Systems For Automatic Configuration Of Peripherals,” which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. In some embodiments, the proximity sensor turns off and disables touch screen  112  when the multifunction device is placed near the user&#39;s ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call). 
     Device  100  may also include one or more accelerometers  168 .  FIGS. 1A and 1B  show accelerometer  168  coupled to peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, accelerometer  168  may be coupled to an input controller  160  in I/O subsystem  106 . Accelerometer  168  may perform as described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 20050190059, “Acceleration-based Theft Detection System for Portable Electronic Devices,” and U.S. Patent Publication No. 20060017692, “Methods And Apparatuses For Operating A Portable Device Based On An Accelerometer,” both of which are which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. In some embodiments, information is displayed on the touch screen display in a portrait view or a landscape view based on an analysis of data received from the one or more accelerometers. Device  100  optionally includes, in addition to accelerometer(s)  168 , a magnetometer (not shown) and a GPS (or GLONASS or other global navigation system) receiver (not shown) for obtaining information concerning the location and orientation (e.g., portrait or landscape) of device  100 . 
     In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory  102  include operating system  126 , communication module (or set of instructions)  128 , contact/motion module (or set of instructions)  130 , graphics module (or set of instructions)  132 , text input module (or set of instructions)  134 , Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set of instructions)  135 , and applications (or sets of instructions)  136 . Furthermore, in some embodiments memory  102  stores device/global internal state  157 , as shown in  FIGS. 1A ,  1 B and  3 . Device/global internal state  157  includes one or more of: active application state, indicating which applications, if any, are currently active; display state, indicating what applications, views or other information occupy various regions of touch screen display  112 ; sensor state, including information obtained from the device&#39;s various sensors and input control devices  116 ; and location information concerning the device&#39;s location and/or attitude. 
     Operating system  126  (e.g., Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components. 
     Communication module  128  facilitates communication with other devices over one or more external ports  124  and also includes various software components for handling data received by RF circuitry  108  and/or external port  124 . External port  124  (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the 30-pin connector used on iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) devices. 
     Contact/motion module  130  may detect contact with touch screen  112  (in conjunction with display controller  156 ) and other touch sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). Contact/motion module  130  includes various software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact, such as determining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-down event), determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact). Contact/motion module  130  receives contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which is represented by a series of contact data, may include determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. These operations may be applied to single contacts (e.g., one finger contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g., “multitouch”/multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments, contact/motion module  130  and display controller  156  detects contact on a touchpad. In some embodiments, contact/motion module  130  and controller  160  detects contact on a click wheel. 
     Contact/motion module  130  may detect a gesture input by a user. Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contact patterns. Thus, a gesture may be detected by detecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a finger tap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event at the same position (or substantially the same position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequently followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event. 
     Graphics module  132  includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics on touch screen  112  or other display, including components for changing the intensity of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics” includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including without limitation text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations and the like. 
     In some embodiments, graphics module  132  stores data representing graphics to be used. Each graphic may be assigned a corresponding code. Graphics module  132  receives, from applications etc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with, if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and then generates screen image data to output to display controller  156 . 
     Text input module  134 , which may be a component of graphics module  132 , provides soft keyboards for entering text in various applications (e.g., contacts  137 , e-mail  140 , IM  141 , browser  147 , and any other application that needs text input). 
     GPS module  135  determines the location of the device and provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone  138  for use in location-based dialing, to camera  143  as picture/video metadata, and to applications that provide location-based services such as weather widgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets). 
     The applications  136  may include the following modules (or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof:
         a contacts module  137  (sometimes called an address book or contact list);   a telephone module  138 ;   a video conferencing module  139 ;   an e-mail client module  140 ;   an instant messaging (IM) module  141 ;   a workout support module;   a camera module  143  for still and/or video images;   an image management module  144 ;   a video player module  145 ;   a music player module  146 ;   a browser module  147 ;   a calendar module  148 ;   widget modules  149 , which may include one or more of: weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget, calculator widget, alarm clock widget, dictionary widget  149 - 5 , and other widgets obtained by the user, as well as user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   widget creator module for making user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   search module  151 ;   video and music player module  152 , which merges video player module  145  and music player module  146 ;   notes module  153 ;   map module  154 ; and/or   online video module  155 .       

     Examples of other applications  136  that may be stored in memory  102  include other word processing applications, other image editing applications, drawing applications, presentation applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice replication. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the contacts module  137  may be used to manage an address book or contact list, (e.g., stored in application internal state of contacts module  137  in memory  102  or memory  370 ), including: adding name(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book; associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or other information with a name; associating an image with a name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers or e-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications by telephone  138 , video conference  139 , e-mail  140 , or IM  141 ; and so forth. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the telephone module  138  may be used to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers in the address book  137 , modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation and disconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As noted above, the wireless communication may use any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , contact list  137 , and telephone module  138 , the videoconferencing module  139  includes executable instructions to initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user and one or more other participants in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the e-mail client module  140  includes executable instructions to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response to user instructions. In conjunction with image management module  144 , the e-mail client module  140  makes it very easy to create and send e-mails with still or video images taken with camera module  143 . 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the instant messaging module  141  includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to an instant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit a respective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service (SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-based instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS for Internet-based instant messages), to receive instant messages and to view received instant messages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or received instant messages may include graphics, photos, audio files, video files and/or other attachments as are supported in a MMS and/or an Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging” refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , map module  154 , and music player module  146 , workout support module includes executable instructions to create workouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burning goals); communicate with workout sensors (sports devices); receive workout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout; select and play music for a workout; and display, store and transmit workout data. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor(s)  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and image management module  144 , camera module  143  includes executable instructions to capture still images or video (including a video stream) and store them into memory  102 , modify characteristics of a still image or video, or delete a still image or video from memory  102 . 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and camera module  143 , image management module  144  includes executable instructions to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/or video images. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , and speaker  111 , video player module  145  includes executable instructions to display, present or otherwise play back videos (e.g., on touch screen  112  or on an external, connected display via external port  124 ). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , and browser module  147 , music player module  146  includes executable instructions that allow the user to download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files. In some embodiments, device  100  may include the functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the browser module  147  includes executable instructions to browse the Internet in accordance with user instructions, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portions thereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , calendar module  148  includes executable instructions to create, display, modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendar entries, to do lists, etc.) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , widget modules  149  are mini-applications that may be downloaded and used by a user (e.g., weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget, calculator widget, alarm clock widget, and dictionary widget  149 - 5 ) or created by the user (e.g., user-created widget  149 - 6 ). In some embodiments, a widget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In some embodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , the widget creator module  150  may be used by a user to create widgets (e.g., turning a user-specified portion of a web page into a widget). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , search module  151  includes executable instructions to search for text, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory  102  that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , notes module  153  includes executable instructions to create and manage notes, to do lists, and the like in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , and browser module  147 , map module  154  may be used to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data associated with maps (e.g., driving directions; data on stores and other points of interest at or near a particular location; and other location-based data) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , online video module  155  includes executable instructions that allows the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen or on an external, connected display via external port  124 ), send an e-mail with a link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats, such as H.264. In some embodiments, instant messaging module  141 , rather than e-mail client module  140 , is used to send a link to a particular online video. Additional description of the online video application can be found in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/936,562, “Portable Multifunction Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Playing Online Videos,” filed Jun. 20, 2007, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/968,067, “Portable Multifunction Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Playing Online Videos,” filed Dec. 31, 2007, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
     As discussed in greater detail in the discussion of  FIG. 3 , the control module  190  determines the display behavior of a user interface object. 
     As discussed in greater detail in the discussion of  FIG. 3 , user created applications  191  are applications that include custom user interfaces  193  and/or accessory view interfaces  194 . 
     As discussed in greater detail in the discussion of  FIGS. 5A and 5B , the event handler system handles event messages between the control module  190  and the user created applications  191 . 
     Each of the above identified modules and applications correspond to a set of executable instructions for performing one or more functions described above and the methods described in this application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods described herein). These modules (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. For example, video player module  145  may be combined with music player module  146  into a single module (e.g., video and music player module  152 ,  FIG. 1B ). In some embodiments, memory  102  may store a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  102  may store additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     In some embodiments, device  100  is a device where operation of a predefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusively through a touch screen  112  and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/or a touchpad as the primary input control device for operation of device  100 , the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) on device  100  may be reduced. 
     The predefined set of functions that may be performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad include navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by the user, navigates device  100  to a main, home, or root menu from any user interface that may be displayed on device  100 . In such embodiments, the touchpad may be referred to as a “menu button.” In some other embodiments, the menu button may be a physical push button or other physical input control device instead of a touchpad. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a portable multifunction device  100  having a touch screen  112  in accordance with some embodiments. The touch screen may display one or more graphics within user interface (UI)  200 . In this embodiment, as well as others described below, a user may select one or more of the graphics by making contact or touching the graphics, for example, with one or more fingers  202  (not drawn to scale in the figure) or one or more styluses  203  (not drawn to scale in the figure). In some embodiments, selection of one or more graphics occurs when the user breaks contact with the one or more graphics. In some embodiments, the contact may include a gesture, such as one or more taps, one or more swipes (from left to right, right to left, upward and/or downward) and/or a rolling of a finger (from right to left, left to right, upward and/or downward) that has made contact with device  100 . In some embodiments, inadvertent contact with a graphic may not select the graphic. For example, a swipe gesture that sweeps over an application icon may not select the corresponding application when the gesture corresponding to selection is a tap. 
     Device  100  may also include one or more physical buttons, such as “home” or menu button  204 . As described previously, the menu button  204  may be used to navigate to any application  136  in a set of applications that may be executed on device  100 . Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as a soft key in a GUI in touch screen  112 . 
     In one embodiment, device  100  includes a touch screen  112 , menu button  204 , push button  206  for powering the device on/off and locking the device, volume adjustment button(s)  208 , Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card slot  210 , head set jack  212 , and docking/charging external port  124 . Push button  206  may be used to turn the power on/off on the device by depressing the button and holding the button in the depressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by depressing the button and releasing the button before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an unlock process. In an alternative embodiment, device  100  also may accept verbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions through microphone  113 . 
       FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. Device  300  need not be portable. In some embodiments, device  300  is a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a tablet computer, a multimedia player device, a navigation device, an educational device (such as a child&#39;s learning toy), a gaming system, or a control device (e.g., a home or industrial controller). Device  300  typically includes one or more processing units (CPU&#39;s)  310 , one or more network or other communications interfaces  360 , memory  370 , and one or more communication buses  320  for interconnecting these components. Communication buses  320  may include circuitry (sometimes called a chipset) that interconnects and controls communications between system components. Device  300  includes an input/output (I/O) interface  330  comprising a display  340 , which is typically a touch screen display. The I/O interface  330  also may include a keyboard and/or mouse (or other pointing device)  350  and touchpad  355 . Memory  370  includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM or other random access solid state memory devices; and may include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory  370  may optionally include one or more storage devices remotely located from CPU(s)  310 . In some embodiments, memory  370  stores programs, modules, and data structures analogous to the programs, modules, and data structures stored in the memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100  ( FIG. 1 ), or a subset thereof. In some embodiments, memory  370  or the computer readable storage medium of memory  370  store the following programs, modules and data structures, or a subset thereof including: an operating system  126 , communication module  128 , graphics module  132 , user interface module  180 , control module  190 , user created applications  191  and event handling system  197 . 
     The operating system  126  includes procedures for handling various basic system services and for performing hardware dependent tasks. 
     The communication module  128  facilitates communication with other devices via the one or more communication network interfaces  360  (wired or wireless) and one or more communication networks, such as the Internet, other wide area networks, local area networks, metropolitan area networks, cellular networks, and so on. 
     The graphics module  132  displays graphics on the touch screen  112  or other display; the graphics include various user interfaces such as on-screen keyboards, virtual game controllers, sliders, pickers, wheels and virtual knobs. 
     The user interface module  180  receives commands from the user via the input devices (e.g., touch screen  112 , keyboard/mouse  350 , touchpad  355 ). The user interface module  180  also generates user interface objects in the display device  340 . In some embodiments, the user interface module  180  provides on-screen keyboards for entering text to various applications (e.g., contacts  137 , e-mail  140 , IM  141 , browser  147 , and any other application that needs text input). In some embodiments, the user interface module  180  provides on-screen keyboard display behavior data  372  to the control module  190  and to the display behavior database  361 . In some embodiments, the display behavior data  372  includes display behavior rules  373 - 1  for a user interface object. Each rule  373 - 1  specifies an event and the corresponding display action. For example, a rule  373 - 1  may specify when the event of rotating the device occurs, the corresponding display action is updating the orientation of the displayed user interface object. 
     The user created applications  191  include custom user interfaces  193  and accessory view interfaces  194 . A custom user interface is created by a programmer of a user created application  191  and is specific to the user created application  191 . For example, the custom user interfaces could be virtual knobs, virtual wheels, virtual game controllers, sliders, pickers, selection boxes and on-screen keyboards. In some embodiments, a custom user interface replaces a standard interface. An accessory view interface  194  is a user interface that display icons corresponding to graphical user interfaces. An accessory view allows a programmer to associate more than one user interface with a field. For example, for an input field, a user may associate a custom on-screen keyboard, the standard on-screen keyboard, a font picker, and a symbol picker. The user interfaces associated with an accessory view may be standard user interfaces (e.g., standard on-screen keyboard) or custom user interfaces. A programmer may want to associate multiple user interfaces with an input field to provide a user with multiple input options. For example, for a text field, the accessory view interfaces may include an on-screen keyboard, font picker and icon selector. In this example, a user may select the on-screen keyboard, input some text into the field, select the font picker, change the font of the entered text and select the icon to insert symbols into the text field. 
     The display behavior database  361  includes display behavior data  362  for user interface objects. In some embodiments, the display behavior data  362  includes behavior data for standard interface objects and custom user interface objects. The display behavior for a respective interface object may include a set of rules  364 - 1  defining events and actions. For example, for an on-screen keyboard, an event may be rotating the device and the action may be updating the on-screen keyboard to a position and orientation corresponding to the new orientation of the device. The event includes some sort of user action with respect to the device. For example, the user action may include rotating the device, selecting an icon or area, jiggling the device, coming into close proximity to the device or smacking the device. The action is the corresponding display action of an object. In some embodiments, the action also includes the location to display an object. For example, the action includes, displaying the object, hiding the object and redisplaying the object at a different position and orientation. 
     The event handling system  197  is discussed further in the discussion of  FIGS. 5A and 5B . The event handling system  197  handles messages between the control module  190  and the user created applications  191 . The event handling system  197  (in the device  300 ) may be implemented in various alternate embodiments within the control module  190  and/or the applications  191 , as described herein. 
     The control module  190  displays custom user interfaces in accordance with display behavior of a standard interface object. A standard user object is a user interface that is provided by the user interface module  180  to one or more modules on the device  300 . The standard interface object is not specific to any application. Generally, users cannot modify the standard interface objects. 
     In some embodiments, the control module  190  detects whether a custom user interface is associated with at least some display behavior of a standard user object. In some embodiments, in conjunction with the event handling system  197 , the control module  190  detects whether a custom user interface is associated with at least some display behavior of a standard user object. For example, the control module  190  may receive a message from the event handling system  197  indicating that an application is displaying a custom user interface that has been associated with display behavior for a standard interface object. In some embodiments, the control module  190  detects whether a standard user object has had its appearance and functionality replaced by a custom user interface. 
     In some embodiments, the control module  190  sends display instructions to the application to display the custom user interface in accordance with the display behavior of a standard user object. In some embodiments, the display instructions are sent through the event handling system  197 . Display behavior can include: when an object is displayed or hidden, when a custom object is displayed or hidden, where the object is displayed, and how the object behaves when a user interacts with the device. In some embodiments, user interactions include rotating the device, jiggling the device, slapping the device, coming into close proximity to the device and answering a call. In some embodiments, the control module  190  works in conjunction with the user interface module  180 , the event handling system  197 , the graphics module  132 , the accelerometers  168 , the proximity sensors  166  and contact/motion module to display a custom user interface. In some embodiments, the standard user interface objects and custom user interface objects associated with at least some display behavior of a standard user interface objects are displayed in accordance with display behavior of a user interface object described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/789,666, “Automatically Hiding and Displaying an On-screen Keyboard,” filed May 28, 2010. 
     In some embodiments, the control module  190  retrieves display behavior data (e.g.,  372 ,  362 ) from the display behavior database  361  or the user interface module  180 . 
     Each of the above identified elements in  FIG. 3  may be stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices. Each of the above identified modules corresponds to a set of instructions for performing a function described above. The above identified modules or programs (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  370  may store a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  370  may store additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) that may be implemented on a portable multifunction device  100 . 
       FIGS. 4A and 4B  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for a menu of applications on a portable multifunction device  100  in accordance with some embodiments. Similar user interfaces may be implemented on device  300 . In some embodiments, user interface  400 A includes the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:
         Signal strength indicator(s)  402  for wireless communication(s), such as cellular and Wi-Fi signals;   Time  404 ;   Bluetooth indicator  405 ;   Battery status indicator  406 ;   Tray  408  with icons for frequently used applications, such as:
           Phone  138 , which may include an indicator  414  of the number of missed calls or voicemail messages;   E-mail client  140 , which may include an indicator  410  of the number of unread e-mails;   Browser  147 ; and   Music player  146 ; and   
           Icons for other applications, such as:
           IM  141 ;   Image management  144 ;   Camera  143 ;   Video player  145 ;   Weather  149 - 1 ;   Stocks  149 - 2 ;   Workout support  142 ;   Calendar  148 ;   Calculator  149 - 3 ;   Alarm clock  149 - 4 ;   Dictionary  149 - 5 ; and   User-created widget  149 - 6 .   
               

     In some embodiments, user interface  400 B includes the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:
           402 ,  404 ,  405 ,  406 ,  141 ,  148 ,  144 ,  143 ,  149 - 3 ,  149 - 2 ,  149 - 1 ,  149 - 4 ,  410 ,  414 ,  138 ,  140 , and  147 , as described above;   Map  154 ;   Notes  153 ;   Settings  412 , which provides access to settings for the device  100  and its various applications  136 , as described further below;   Video and music player module  152 , also referred to as iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) module  152 ; and   Online video module  155 , also referred to as YouTube (trademark of Google, Inc.) module  155 .       

       FIG. 4C  illustrates an exemplary user interface on a device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG. 3 ) with a touch-sensitive surface  451  (e.g., a tablet or touchpad  355 ,  FIG. 3 ) that is separate from the display  450  (e.g., touch screen display  112 ). Although many of the examples which follow will be given with reference to inputs on touch screen display  112  (where the touch sensitive surface and the display are combined), in some embodiments, the device detects inputs on a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display, as shown in  FIG. 4C . In some embodiments the touch sensitive surface (e.g.,  451  in  FIG. 4C ) has a primary axis (e.g.,  452  in  FIG. 4C ) that corresponds to a primary axis (e.g.,  453  in  FIG. 4C ) on the display (e.g.,  450 ). In accordance with these embodiments, the device detects contacts (e.g.,  460  and  462  in  FIG. 4C ) with the touch-sensitive surface  451  at locations that correspond to respective locations on the display (e.g., in  FIG. 4C   460  corresponds to  468  and  462  corresponds to  470 ). In this way, user inputs (e.g., contacts  460  and  462 ) detected by the device on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,  451  in  FIG. 4C ) are used by the device to manipulate the user interface on the display (e.g.,  450  in  FIG. 4C ) of the multifunction device when the touch-sensitive surface is separate from the display. It should be understood that similar methods may be used for other user interfaces described herein. 
     Additionally, while the following examples are given primarily with reference to finger inputs (e.g., finger contacts, finger tap gestures, finger swipe gestures), it should be understood that, in some embodiments, one or more of the finger inputs are replaced with input from another input device (e.g., a mouse based input or stylus input). For example, a swipe gesture may be replaced with a mouse click (e.g., instead of a contact) followed by movement of the cursor along the path of the swipe (e.g., instead of movement of the contact). As another example, a tap gesture may be replaced with a mouse click while the cursor is located over the location of the tap gesture (e.g., instead of detection of the contact followed by ceasing to detect the contact). Similarly, when multiple user inputs are simultaneously detected, it should be understood that multiple computer mice may be used simultaneously, or a mouse and finger contacts may be used simultaneously. 
       FIG. 5A  is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for the event handling system  197  in accordance with some embodiments. In the discussion of  FIGS. 5A and 5B , the display device  340  is a touch-sensitive display or a display that has a touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, memory  370  (in  FIG. 3 ) or memory  102  (in  FIGS. 1A and 1B ) includes event sorter  501  (e.g., in operating system  126 ) and a respective application  191 - 1  (e.g., any of the aforementioned applications  137 - 151 ). 
     Event sorter  501  receives event information and determines the application  191 - 1  and application view  511  of application  136 - 1  to which to deliver the event information. Event sorter  501  includes an event monitor  502  and an event dispatcher module  505 . 
     In some embodiments, application  191 - 1  includes application internal state  512 , which indicates the current application view(s)  560  displayed on touch sensitive display  112  when the application is active or executing. As discussed in further detail below, an application view or user interface window is made up of controls and other elements that a user can see on the display. In some embodiments, the application internal state data  512  includes active field data  561  and displayed user interface data  562  of the current application view. Active field data  561  includes the active fields and whether the user interface or interfaces associated with the active fields are associated with at least some display behavior of standard interface objects. Displayed user interface data  562  includes which user interfaces are displayed, whether the displayed user interfaces are associated with at least some display behavior of standard interface objects and the orientation of user interfaces displayed in the current application view(s). 
     Application internal state  512 , however, is not directly accessible by control module  190 , because the memory location(s) of the application internal state  512  is(are) not known to control module  190 , or the memory location(s) of the application internal state  512  is(are) not directly accessible by the control module  190 , and/or because application  191 - 1  stores information in application internal state  512  in a manner (e.g., using data structures, formats, metadata, or the like) unknown to control module  190 . 
     In some embodiments, application internal state  512  includes additional information, such as one or more of: resume information to be used when application  191 - 1  resumes execution, user interface state information that indicates information being displayed or that is ready for display by application  191 - 1 , a state queue for enabling the user to go back to a prior state or view of application  191 - 1 , and a redo/undo queue of previous actions taken by the user. 
     In some embodiments, device/global internal state  157  is used by event sorter  501  to determine which application(s) is(are) currently active, and application internal state  512  is used by event sorter  501  to determine application views  511  to which to deliver event information. 
     In some embodiments, application internal state  512  includes additional information, such as one or more of: resume information to be used when application  191 - 1  resumes execution, user interface state information that indicates information being displayed or that is ready for display by application  191 - 1 , a state queue for enabling the user to go back to a prior state or view of application  191 - 1 , and a redo/undo queue of previous actions taken by the user. 
     Event monitor  502  receives event information from peripherals interface  118 . Event information includes information about a sub-event (e.g., a user touch on the touch-sensitive display device  340 , as part of a multi-touch gesture). Peripherals interface  118  transmits information it receives from I/O subsystem  330  (e.g., the system keyboard  350 , the custom keyboard  720  ( FIG. 7A ), etc.), or a sensor  164 , such as proximity sensors  166 , accelerometer(s)  168 , and/or microphone  113  (through audio circuitry  110 ). Information that the peripherals interface  118  receives from I/O subsystem  106  or  330  includes information from the touch-sensitive display device  340  (i.e., a touch-sensitive display or display having a touch-sensitive surface) and sensors  164 . 
     In some embodiments, the event monitor  502  sends requests to the peripherals interface  118  at predetermined intervals. In response, the peripherals interface  118  transmits event information. In other embodiments, peripherals interface  118  transmits event information only when there is a significant event (e.g., receiving an input beyond a predetermined noise threshold and/or for more than a predetermined duration). 
     In some embodiments, the event sorter  501  also includes a hit view determination module  503  and/or an active event recognizer determination module  504 . 
     Hit view determination module  503  provides software procedures for determining where a sub-event has taken place within one or more views (e.g., the application views  511 ), when the touch sensitive display device  340  displays more than one view. Views are made up of controls and other elements that a user can see on the display. 
     Another aspect of the user interface associated with an application is a set of views, sometimes herein called application views or user interface windows, in which information is displayed and touch-based gestures occur. The application views (of a respective application) in which a touch is detected may correspond to programmatic levels within a programmatic or view hierarchy of the application. For example, the lowest level view in which a touch is detected may be called the hit view, and the set of events that are recognized as proper inputs may be determined based, at least in part, on the hit view of the initial touch that begins a touch-based gesture. 
     The hit view determination module  503  receives information related to sub-events of a touch-based gesture. When an application has multiple views organized in a hierarchy, the hit view determination module  503  identifies a hit view as the lowest view in the hierarchy which should handle the sub-event. In most circumstances, the hit view is the lowest level view in which an initiating sub-event occurs (i.e., the first sub-event in the sequence of sub-events that form an event or potential event). Once the hit-view is identified by the hit view determination module the hit view, it typically receives all sub-events related to the same touch or input source for which it was identified as the hit view. 
     Active event recognizer determination module  504  determines which view or views within a view hierarchy should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In some embodiments, the active event recognizer determination module  504  determines that only the hit view should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, active event recognizer determination module  504  determines that all views that include the physical location of a sub-event are actively involved views, and therefore determines that all actively involved views should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, even if touch sub-events were entirely confined to the area associated with one particular view, views higher in the hierarchy would still remain as the actively involved views. 
     The event dispatcher module  505  dispatches the event information to an event recognizer (e.g., event recognizer  520 ). In embodiments including the active event recognizer determination module  504 , the event dispatcher module  505  delivers the event information to an event recognizer determined by the active event recognizer determination module  504 . In some embodiments, the event dispatcher module  505  stores in an event queue the event the event information, which is retrieved by a respective event receiver module  531 . 
     In some embodiments, the operating system  126  includes the event sorter  501 . Alternatively, the application  191 - 1  includes the event sorter  501 . In yet other embodiments, the event sorter  501  is a stand-alone module, or a part of another module stored in memory  370 , such as contact/motion module  130 . 
     In some embodiments, the application  191 - 1  includes a plurality of event handlers  522  and one or more application views  511 , each of which includes instructions for handling touch events that occur with a respective view of the application&#39;s user interface. Each application view  511  of the application  191 - 1  includes one or more event recognizers  520 . Typically a respective, an application view  511  includes a plurality of event recognizers  520 . In other embodiments, one or more of the event recognizers  520  are part of a separate module, such as a user interface kit (not shown) or a higher level object from which application  191 - 1  inherits methods and other properties. In some embodiments, a respective application view  511  also includes event data  539 . The interface information  514  includes which interfaces are currently displayed and whether each user interface is associated with display behavior of a standard user object. In some embodiments, a respective event handler  522  also includes one or more of: data updater  525 , object updater  526 , GUI updater  527 , and/or event data  539  received from event sorter  501 . Event handler  522 - 1  may utilize or call data updater  525 , object updater  526  or GUI updater  527  to update the application internal state  512 . Alternatively, one or more of the application views  511  includes one or more respective event handlers  522 . Also, in some embodiments, one or more of data updater  525 , object updater  526 , and GUI updater  527  are included in a respective application view  511 . 
     A respective event recognizer  520  receives event information (e.g., event data  539 ) from the event sorter  501  and identifies an event from the event information. The event recognizer  520  includes an event receiver  531  and an event comparator  532 . In some embodiments, the event recognizer  520  also includes at least a subset of: metadata  535 , event delivery instructions  536 , and/or sub-event delivery instructions  537 . 
     The event receiver  531  receives event information from the event sorter  501 . The event information includes information about a sub-event, for example, a touch or a movement. Depending on the sub-event, the event information also includes additional information, such as a location (e.g., a physical location) of the sub-event. When the sub-event concerns motion of a touch, the event information may also include speed and direction of the sub-event. In some embodiments, events include rotation of the device from one orientation to another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to a landscape orientation, or vice versa), and the event information includes corresponding information about the current orientation (also called device attitude) of the device. 
     Event comparator  532  compares the event information to predefined event or sub-event definitions and, based on the comparison, determines an event or sub event, or determines or updates the state of an event or sub-event. In some embodiments, event comparator  532  includes event definitions  533 . Event definitions  533  contain definitions of events (e.g., predefined sequences of sub-events), for example, event  1  ( 534 - 1 ), event  2  ( 534 - 2 ), and others. In some embodiments, sub-events in an event  534  include, for example, touch begin, touch end, touch cancellation, and multiple touching. In one example, the definition for event  1  ( 534 - 1 ) is a double tap on a displayed object. The double tap, for example, comprises a first touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a first lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase, a second touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, and a second lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase. In another example, the definition for event  2  ( 534 - 2 ) is rotating the device  100 . Other examples of events include jiggling the device  100 , smacking the device  100  and coming into close proximity to the device  100 . In some embodiments, the event also includes information for one or more associated event handlers  522  for respective event (e.g.,  534 - 1 ). 
     In some embodiments, an event definition  533  includes a definition of an event for a respective user-interface object. In some embodiments, the event comparator  532  performs a hit test to determine which user-interface object is associated with a sub-event. For example, in an application view in which three user-interface objects are displayed on a touch-sensitive display such as the display device  340 , when a touch is detected on the display device  340 , the event comparator  532  performs a hit test to determine which of the three user-interface objects is associated with the touch (sub-event). If each displayed object is associated with a respective event handler  522 , the event comparator uses the result of the hit test to determine which event handler  522  should be activated. For example, the event comparator  532  selects an event handler associated with the sub-event and the object triggering the hit test. 
     In some embodiments, the definition for a respective event  534  also includes delayed actions that delays delivery of the event information until after it has been determined whether the sequence of sub-events does or does not correspond to the event recognizer&#39;s event type. 
     When a respective event recognizer  520  determines that the series of sub-events do not match any of the events in the event definitions  533 , the respective event recognizer  520  enters an event impossible, event failed, or event ended state, after which it disregards subsequent sub-events of the touch-based gesture. In this situation, other event recognizers, if any, that remain active for the hit view continue to track and process sub-events of an ongoing touch-based gesture. 
     In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  520  includes metadata  535  with configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how the event delivery system should perform sub-event delivery to actively involved event recognizers. In some embodiments, metadata  535  includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how event recognizers may interact with one another. In some embodiments, metadata  535  includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate whether sub-events are delivered to varying levels in the view or programmatic hierarchy. 
     In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  520  activates an event handler  522  associated with an event when one or more particular sub-events of an event are recognized. In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  520  delivers event information associated with the event to the event handler  522 . Activating an event handler  522  is distinct from sending (and deferred sending) sub-events to a respective hit view. In some embodiments, the event recognizer  520  throws a flag associated with the recognized event, and an event handler  522  associated with the flag catches the flag and performs a predefined process. 
     In some embodiments, the event delivery instructions  536  includes the sub-event delivery instructions  537  that deliver event information about a sub-event without activating an event handler. Instead, the sub-event delivery instructions deliver event information to event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or to actively involved views. Event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or with actively involved views receive the event information and perform a predetermined process. 
     In some embodiments, data updater  525  creates and updates data used in application  191 - 1 . For example, data updater  525  updates the telephone number used in contacts module  137 , or stores a video file used in video player module  145 . In some embodiments, object updater  526  creates and updates objects used in application  191 - 1 . For example, object updater  526  creates a new user-interface object or updates the position of a user-interface object. GUI updater  527  updates the GUI. For example, GUI updater  527  prepares display information and sends it to graphics module  132  for display on a touch-sensitive display. 
     In some embodiments, event handler(s)  522  includes or has access to data updater  525 , object updater  526 , and GUI updater  527 . In some embodiments, data updater  525 , object updater  526 , and GUI updater  527  are included in a single module of a respective application  191 - 1  or application view  511 . In other embodiments, they are included in two or more software modules. 
       FIG. 5B  is a block diagram illustrating an event handler  522 - 1 , according to some embodiments. The event handler  522 - 1  includes a control application event handler  540  and an application event handler  550 . In some embodiments, the control application event handler  540  is included in the control module  190 . In some embodiments, the application event handler  550  is included in an application  191 . Stated another way, event handler  522 - 1  is implemented partially in control application  191  and partially in control module  190 . 
     In some embodiments, the control application event handler  540  includes a query module  541 , a command module  542 , and a listener module  543 . The modules of control application event handler  540  form an application programming interface (API) for providing display behavior to application  191  executed by device  100 . 
     The query module  541  queries the application  191  for interface information. In some embodiments, interface information includes: displayed user interfaces, whether the displayed interface are associated with at least some display behavior of a standard interface object, the orientation of the displayed user interface, the active fields and whether the user interfaces associated with the active fields are associated with at least some display behavior of a standard device. Orientation data includes the orientation of the device and the displayed user interfaces. Interface information  544  obtained by the query module  541  is used by the control module  190  to update application internal state information  512  retained by the control module  190  for the application  191 . 
     The interface information  544  is used by the event handler  522  to determine whether the display of the application  191  needs to be updated. For example, the interface information  544  may indicate that the orientation of a custom user (that is associated with display behavior of a standard user object) does not match the orientation of the device  100 . 
     The command module  542  issues commands to the application  191  based on the user interface display event and the obtained interface information. As discussed above, the user interface display event is received from an event recognizer. When a user interface display event is received, the command module  542  may issues commands to the application  191  to display all of the displayed custom user interfaces (that are associated with at least some display behavior of standard user object) in accordance with display behavior for a standard user object. For example, the command module  542  may, in response to receiving an event indicating that a rotating event has occurred, instruct the application  191  to display a custom user interface object (that is associated with at least some display behavior of a standard user object) at an orientation corresponding to the orientation of the device  100 . In another example, the command module  542  may, in response to receiving an event indicating that a user has selected an icon or tap an area of the display  340  to indicate that a displayed user interface is no longer required, instruct the application  191  to hide a user interface object. In yet another example, the command module  542  may instruct the application  191  to display one or more user interface objects (or icons representing one or more user interface objects) in an accessory view. 
     The listener module  543  listens to notifications by the application  191  (e.g., via a notification module  553  of the application  191 ) that the interface information  544  obtained by the control module  190  for application  191  can no longer be relied upon by the control module  190 . 
     As discussed in more detail in the discussion  FIG. 6 , the control application event handler includes an input view function  545  and an accessory view function  546 . The input view function replaces the appearance and functionality of a standard user interface object (that is associated with an input field) with the appearance and functionality of a custom user interface object. The accessory view function  546  associates or binds an accessory view to an input field. 
     In some embodiments, the application event handler  550  includes a responder module  551 , a command execution module  552 , and a notification module  553 . The responder module  551  responds to queries by the control module  190  (e.g., from the query module  541  of the control module  190 ) for interface information providing information for one or more events. The command execution module  552  executes commands issued by the control module  190  (e.g., from the command module  542  of the control module  190 ). For example, the command execution module  552  may hide a user interface or re-display a user interface at an orientation corresponding to the orientation of the device. The notification module  553  notifies the control module  190  that the interface information obtained by the control module  190  from the application  191  can no longer be relied upon by the control module  190 . 
     It shall be understood that the foregoing discussion regarding event handling of user touches on touch-sensitive displays also applies to other forms of user inputs to operate the device  100  with input-devices, not all of which are initiated on touch screens, such as coordinating mouse movement and mouse button presses with or without single or multiple keyboard presses or holds, user movements taps, drags, scrolls, etc., on touchpads, pen stylus inputs, movement of the device, rotation of the device, oral instructions, detected eye movements, biometric inputs, and/or any combination thereof, which may be utilized as inputs corresponding to sub-events which define an event to be recognized. 
       FIG. 6  illustrates pseudo code for an application  191  that uses functions defined in the API to associate a custom user interface with a standard interface object in accordance with some embodiments. An application programming interface (API) is an interface implemented by a software program to enable interaction with other software. Application programming interfaces are implemented by applications, libraries and operations systems to determine the calling conventions a programmer should employ to use their services. As discussed above, the modules of control application event handler  540  form an application programming interface for providing display behavior to application  191  executed by device  100 . In some embodiments, the API includes one or more object classes for input fields that call standard user interface objects such as an on-screen keyboard. In some embodiments, the API includes one or more interface object classes for standard user interface objects such as an on-screen keyboard. In some embodiments, a super class from which input field object classes inherent from, includes one or more functions to allow a programmer to replace the appearance and functionality of a standard user object. In some embodiments, each input field object class includes one or more functions to allow a programmer to replace the appearance and functionality of a standard user object. Stated in another way, the super class of input field object class or each input field object class includes one or more functions that allow a programmer to associate a custom user interface with display behavior of a standard user object. In some embodiments, the interface object classes for user interfaces or a super class form which the user interface object class inherent from, includes one or more functions to allow a programmer to replace the appearance and functionality of a standard user object. As used herein, a function that allows a programmer to associate a custom user interface with display behavior of a standard user object by replacing the appearance and functionality of a standard user interface object is called is called a “input view” function. In some embodiments, the control application event handler  540  for control module  190  includes the input view function (e.g.,  545 ,  FIG. 5B ). 
       FIG. 6  provides an illustration of pseudo code that calls an “input view” function. As shown in  FIG. 6 , a programmer may instantiate a standard text field object that calls a standard user interface object (i.e., “UITextField*dateField=[[UITextField alloc] initWithFrame:frame];”  602 ) and then set the input view of the standard user interface object to a custom user interface created by the programmer (i.e., dateField.inputView=[MyDatePickerView sharedCustomDatePicker];”  604 ). In this example, “dateField”  610  is a standard input field/icon that calls a standard user object, “inputView”  608  is a function that allows a programmer to replace the appearance and functionality of the standard user object, and “MyDatePickerView sharedCustomDatePicker”  606  is a custom user interface created by a programmer. In other words, the line of code  604 , replaces the appearance and functionality of a standard user object with that of a custom user interface. Stated in another way, the line of code  604  associates a custom user interface with display behavior of a standard user object. As a result, the standard user interface will appear and function like a custom user interface while retaining all other functionality of the standard user interface such as display behavior. The display behavior of the custom user interface (i.e., “sharedCustomDatePicker”  606 ) will be controlled by the system (i.e., the control module  190 ) and the appearance and functionality of the custom interface will be controlled by the application (i.e., application  191 ). An advantage of utilizing the “input view” function is that a programmer does not have to specify the display behavior of the custom user interface thereby saving development time and providing the user with a user interface that is displayed in a predictable manner. In some embodiments, the control application event handler  540  for control module  190  includes the accessory view function (e.g.,  546 ,  FIG. 5B ). 
       FIG. 6  provides an illustration of pseudo code that calls an “accessory view” function. In some embodiments, the super class of the input field object classes or each input field object class includes one or more functions that allow a programmer to associate a plurality of user interfaces with an input field/icon. The interfaces may be custom user interfaces or standard user interfaces. As used herein, a function that allows a programmer to associate a plurality of custom user interfaces with an input field is called an “accessory view” function. As shown in  FIG. 6 , a programmer may instantiate a text field (i.e., “UITextField*dateField2=[[UITextField alloc] initWithFrame:frame];”  603 ) and then set the accessory view of the text field to multiple interfaces (i.e., dateField.accessoryView=[MyDatePickerView multipleViews];”  605 ). In this example, “dateField2”  614  is a standard input field such as a text field that calls a standard user object, “accessoryView”  612  is a function that allows a programmer to associated multiple user interfaces (i.e., “multipleViews”  616 ). In some embodiments, when the text field is activated by a user, an accessory view is displayed. The accessory view (e.g.,  736 ,  FIG. 7D ), displays icons (e.g.,  730 ,  732  or  734 ,  FIG. 7D ) or representations of user interfaces that a user can select from. In some embodiments, the user interfaces associated with an accessory view are displayed in accordance with the display behavior of a standard interface object. In other words, the control module  190  controls the display behavior of the user interfaces selected from an accessory view. 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) and associated processes that may be implemented on a multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface, such as device  300  or portable multifunction device  100 . 
       FIGS. 7A-7E  illustrate exemplary user interfaces in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in  FIGS. 8A and 8B . 
       FIG. 7A  illustrates a portable multifunction device  100  that is in a portrait orientation and is displaying the interface of an application  724  on display  702 . The application interface includes a plurality of icons/input icons (i.e.,  704 ,  706  and  708 ), a plurality of input fields (i.e.,  712 ,  714  and  716 ), and a custom user interface  720 . Field  714  displays an icon  710  that was selected from the custom user interface  720 . In this figure, custom user interface  720  is associated with display behavior of a standard interface object such as an on-screen keyboard. As discussed in greater detail below, the custom user interface  720  is displayed at a location and orientation based on display behavior of a standard interface object. 
       FIG. 7B  illustrates a portable multifunction device  100  that is in a landscape orientation and is displaying the interface of application  724 . As discussed in greater detail below, the custom user interface  720  is displayed at a location and an orientation determined by the control module  190 . 
       FIG. 7C  illustrates a portable multifunction device  100  that is in a landscape orientation and is displaying the interface of application  724 . In this figure, the custom user interface  720  is hidden. As discussed in greater detail below, the control module  190  determines when the custom user interface  720  is hidden. 
       FIG. 7D  illustrates a portable multifunction device  100  in a landscape orientation and is displaying the interface of application  724 . Input field  712  is associated with an accessory view  736 . In some embodiments, the accessory view is associated with the icon  704  and/or field  712 . The accessory view includes a font picker icon  730 , a color picker icon  732  and an icon selector icon  734 . Each icon (i.e.,  730 ,  732  and  734 ) corresponds to a selectable user interface. The corresponding user interface is displayed in response to a user selection. The corresponding user interfaces may be standard interface objects or custom interface objects. In some embodiments, the corresponding user interface is displayed in accordance with display behavior of a standard user object. 
       FIG. 7E  illustrates a portable multifunction device  100  displaying multiple exemplary input fields  790  on a display  702 . Each field is associated with one or more user interface objects. For example, Set Date &amp; Time field  744  is associated with a text, Font field  746  is associated with a text/picker, Volume field  748  is associated with a slider, Icon field  750  is associated with an icon selector, and Network field  752  is associated with a text. In some embodiments, a user interface associated with the field is displayed in response to user selection of the field. The user interfaces may be custom user interfaces specific to an application or standard user interfaces supplied by the device  100 . In some embodiments, the input fields  790  are displayed in response to execution of one or more applications  136  ( FIG. 1B ) or other applications. For example, the fields  790  could be associated with a settings menu associated with a particular application, such as a media player application or an email application. In  FIG. 7E , the dashed circle  740  corresponds to a finger contact with the touch sensitive display. As shown in  FIG. 7E , a “User Name” field  753 , a “Password” field  754  and an on-screen keyboard  755  are displayed in response to selection  740  of the “Name” field  742 . The on-screen keyboard  755  may be used to input one or more text characters into the fields  753  and  754 . In some embodiments, the standard user interface objects and custom user interface objects associated with at least some display behavior of a standard user interface objects are displayed in accordance with the display behavior of standard user interface objects. In some embodiments, the standard user interface objects and custom user interface objects associated with at least some display behavior of a standard user interface objects are displayed in accordance with display behavior of a user interface object described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/789,666, “Automatically Hiding and Displaying an On-screen Keyboard,” filed May 28, 2010. 
       FIGS. 8A and 8B  are flow diagrams illustrating a method  800  of displaying a custom interface object with the display behavior of a standard interface object in accordance with some embodiments. The method  800  is performed at an electronic device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG. 3 , or portable multifunction device  100 ,  FIG. 1 ) with one or more processors, memory, a display and a touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is a touch screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method  800  may be combined and/or the order of some operations may be changed. 
     As described below, the method  800  provides a way to display a custom interface object with the display behavior of a standard interface object such as an on-screen keyboard. The method allows a programmer to create a custom interface object without needing to program all aspects of the custom interface object&#39;s display behavior thereby reducing the programmer&#39;s development time. Programmers may desire that their custom interfaces are displayed in accordance with a standard interface object so that their interfaces are predictable to users. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computer-implemented method is performed at an electronic device that includes one or more processors, a touch-screen display, and memory storing one or more programs including an application program and a control program. A user interface object for receiving user input to the application program is detected and the user interface object is displayed on the display ( 804 ). In some embodiments, it is determined whether an input field is associated with an interface object that is associated with at least some display behavior of a standard user interface object. In some embodiments, the input field is an active input field that a user has selected. In some embodiments, the control module  190  determines the user interface object by way of the event handling system  197 . In some embodiments, the user interface object is determined in response to a user action. For example, the user interface object may be determined when a user selects an input field that requires the user interface object. In some embodiments, the user interface object is selected from a group consisting of sliders, virtual knobs, virtual wheels, virtual joysticks, selection boxes, and on-screen keyboards. For example, as shown in  FIG. 7A , a user input object may be an icon selector  720 . 
     A first set of characteristics of the user interface object is controlled in accordance with the application program ( 806 ). The first set of characteristics include appearance of the user interface object and user interactions with the application program via the user interface object ( 806 ). In other words, the application determines the visual appearance of the user interface object and how a user interacts with the user interface object. For example, as shown in  FIG. 7A , an icon selector  720  may be represented as a box with a plurality of icons. In this example, as shown in  FIG. 7A , when a user selects an icon  710 , the icon is displayed in field  714 . In some embodiments, the first set of characteristics are defined in the application program. The some embodiments, application program is a user created application  191  and the user interface object is a custom user interface object  193 . 
     A second set of characteristics of the user interface object different from the first set of characteristics is controlled in accordance with the control program. The second set of characteristics include display state of the user interface object ( 808 ). In some embodiments, the control of the display state comprises updating the display state of the user interface object as if the user interface object were a standard, on-screen user interface control associated with the electronic device ( 810 ). In other words, the control program controls the display behavior of the user interface object of the application program. In some embodiments, the standard, on-screen interface control is an on-screen keyboard ( 812 ). In some embodiments, the control program is the control module  190 . In some embodiments, the control module  190  issues display instructions to the application program for application program to use when displaying the user interface object. In some embodiments, the control module  190  issues display instruction to the application program by way of the event handling system  197 . 
     In some embodiments, updating the display state comprises displaying and hiding the user interface object in accordance with user interaction with the electronic device ( 814 ). In some embodiments, the user interaction is a user selection of an icon. For example, as shown in  FIG. 7C , the user interface object  720  ( FIG. 7B ) may be hidden in response to user selection of an icon. In some embodiments, the user interaction is user selection of an area of the display  112  that does not include the user interface object. In some embodiments, the interaction includes, jiggling or smacking the device  100 . 
     Updating of the display state includes one or more of determining position of the user interface object on the display, rotating the user interface object on the display in response to a rotation indication, and hiding the user interface object in response to a hiding indication ( 818 ). In some embodiments, the rotation indication comprises the user physical rotating the electronic device ( 820 ). For example, the electronic device may be rotated from a portrait to landscape orientation or vice versa. When the electronic device is rotated, the interface object is displayed in accordance with the orientation of the electronic device. For example, as shown in  FIG. 7A , the device  100  is in a portrait orientation and the user interface object  720  is also shown in a portrait orientation. As shown in  FIG. 7B , the device  100  is in a landscape orientation and the user interface object is also shown in a landscape portrait orientation. 
     In some embodiments, hiding indication comprises the user interaction with a region of the display not associated with the application program ( 822 ). In some embodiments, the rotation indication and the hiding indication are processed by the control program as if the user interface object were a standard, on-screen user interface control associated with the electronic device ( 824 ). 
     In some embodiments, the user interface object is associated with an accessory view ( 826 ). The accessory view is associated with an input field and displays a plurality of interface object associated with the input field ( 826 ). An accessory view allows a programmer to associate multiple user interface objects with an icon or input field. In some embodiments, an accessory view is displayed when a user selects an icon or input field. The accessory view, as shown in  FIG. 7D , display icons (e.g.,  730 ,  732  or  734 ) or representations of user interfaces that a user can select from. In some embodiments, the user interfaces associated with an accessory view are displayed in accordance with the display behavior of a standard interface object. In other words, the control program  190  controls the display behavior of the user interface selected from an accessory view. 
     The steps in the information processing methods described above may be implemented by running one or more functional modules in information processing apparatus such as general purpose processors or application specific chips. These modules, combinations of these modules, and/or their combination with general hardware (e.g., as described above with respect to  FIGS. 1A ,  1 B and  3 ) are all included within the scope of protection of the invention. 
     The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20100528
Publication Date: 20150609
Grant Date: 20150609
Priority Date: 20100115
Inventors: MOORE BRADFORD ALLEN
SWALES STEPHEN W.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G06F1/3203", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04886", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/038", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/038", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/3203", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04886", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 44278470