PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-11985607-B2
Application Number: US-201917311552-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Dynamic transmit power adjustment

Abstract:
An apparatus of user equipment (UE) includes processing circuitry coupled to a memory, where to configure the UE for dynamic transmit power adjustment, the processing circuitry is to decode baseband configuration information received from a base station. The baseband configuration information including at least a modulation and coding scheme (MCS), resource block (RB) allocation, and carrier assignment for uplink (UL) transmission and downlink (DL) reception. A communication mode is selected based on the baseband configuration information. An additional maximum power reduction (A-MPR) is determined based on the baseband configuration information and the selected communication mode. UL data is encoded for transmission to the base station via the selected communication mode and using transmit power adjusted based on the determined A-MPR. New signaling enhancements between the UE and the network (on a Uu interface) and between two UEs (on a PC5 sidelink interface) are also disclosed.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An apparatus comprising:
 a memory; and 
 at least one processor in communication with the memory, wherein to configure a user equipment (UE) for dynamic transmit power adjustment, the at least one processor is configured to:
 decode baseband configuration information received from a base station, the baseband configuration information including at least a modulation and coding scheme (MCS), resource block (RB) allocation, and carrier assignment for uplink (UL) transmission and downlink (DL) reception; 
 determine a communication mode from a plurality of available communication modes based on the baseband configuration information, wherein the plurality of communication modes correspond to a plurality of radio access technologies (RATs); 
 determine an additional maximum power reduction (A-MPR) based on the baseband configuration information and the RAT of the determined communication mode; and 
 encode UL data for transmission to the base station via the selected communication mode and using transmit power adjusted based on the determined A-MPR. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The apparatus of  claim 1 ,
 wherein the plurality of available communication modes include an LTE standalone (SA) communication mode, a New Radio (NR) SA communication mode, LTE-NR dual connectivity (DC) communication mode, and an NR-NR DC communication mode. 
 
     
     
       3. The apparatus of  claim 1 ,
 wherein the at least one processor is configured to:
 generate at least one A-MPR look-up table (LUT) for each of the plurality of available communication modes based on baseband parameters within the baseband configuration information, the baseband parameters associated with transmit (TX) power; and 
 determine the A-MPR using the at least one A-MPR LUT. 
 
 
     
     
       4. The apparatus of  claim 3 , wherein the baseband parameters signaled to the UE include one or more of the following:
 NR TX start time and duration, 
 LTE TX start time and duration, 
 LTE bandwidth (BW) allocation, 
 NR BW allocation, 
 NR UL waveform, 
 LTE TX Power Control (TPC), 
 NR TPC, LTE frequency band, 
 NR frequency band, 
 LTE TX power, 
 NR TX power, 
 total EUTRA-NR DC (EN-DC) TX power, and 
 cross-link interference measured at the base station. 
 
     
     
       5. The apparatus of  claim 3 ,
 further comprising transceiver circuitry coupled to at least one antenna, and wherein the at least one processor is configured to:
 update the at least one LUT for each of the plurality of available communication modes based on radio frequency (RF) calibrations of front-end (FE) circuitry of the transceiver circuitry, wherein the RF calibrations use TX FE direct or indirect parameters of the transceiver circuitry associated with TX power. 
 
 
     
     
       6. The apparatus of  claim 5 ,
 wherein the at least one processor is configured to:
 apply a TX power adjustment at an input of a power amplifier of the transceiver circuitry, the TX power adjustment based on the TX FE direct or indirect parameters. 
 
 
     
     
       7. The apparatus of  claim 5 ,
 wherein the TX FE direct parameters include one or more of the following:
 power amplifier (PA) gain for a PA of the transceiver circuitry, 
 FE insertion loss, 
 PA saturation power for the PA of the transceiver circuitry, 
 PA non-linearity characteristics for the PA of the transceiver circuitry, 
 digital pre-distortion (DPD) characteristics, and 
 envelope tracking characteristics. 
 
 
     
     
       8. The apparatus of  claim 5 ,
 wherein the TX FE indirect parameters include one or more of the following parameters associated with the transceiver circuitry:
 impedance mismatch, 
 TX port cross-talk, 
 TPC inaccuracies, 
 body-proximity sensor data, 
 thermal sensor data, 
 antenna array gain of the at least one antenna, and 
 antenna efficiency of the at least one antenna. 
 
 
     
     
       9. The apparatus of  claim 3 ,
 wherein the at least one processor is configured to:
 update the at least one LUT for each of the plurality of available communication modes further based on at least one 3 GPP technical specification LUT or a regulatory specification LUT associated with A-MPR. 
 
 
     
     
       10. The apparatus of  claim 1 ,
 further comprising transceiver circuitry coupled to the at least one processor; and at least two antennas coupled to the transceiver circuitry. 
 
     
     
       11. The apparatus of  claim 10 ,
 wherein the at least one processor is configured to:
 apply a transmit power adjustment at an input of a power amplifier of the transceiver circuitry, wherein the transmit power adjustment is based on sensor data from a thermal sensor of the transceiver circuitry. 
 
 
     
     
       12. The apparatus of  claim 10 ,
 wherein the at least one processor is configured to:
 apply a transmit power adjustment at an input of a power amplifier of the transceiver circuitry, wherein the transmit power adjustment is based on sensor data from a power management integrated circuit (PMIC) of the transceiver circuitry. 
 
 
     
     
       13. The apparatus of  claim 10 ,
 wherein the at least one processor is configured to:
 apply a transmit power adjustment at an input of a power amplifier of the transceiver circuitry, wherein the transmit power adjustment is based on sensor data from a body proximity sensor of the transceiver circuitry. 
 
 
     
     
       14. A method for operating a user equipment (UE), the method comprising:
 by the UE:
 decoding baseband configuration information received from a base station, the baseband configuration information including at least a modulation and coding scheme (MCS), resource block (RB) allocation, and carrier assignment for uplink (UL) transmission and downlink (DL) reception; 
 determining a communication mode from a plurality of available communication modes based on the baseband configuration information, wherein the plurality of available communication modes include an LTE standalone (SA) communication mode, a New Radio (NR) SA communication mode, an LTE-NR dual connectivity (DC) communication mode, and an NR-NR DC communication mode; 
 selecting an additional maximum power reduction (A-MPR) from at least one A-MPR look-up table (LUT) based on the baseband configuration information and a radio access technology (RAT) of the determined communication mode; and 
 encoding UL data for transmission to the base station via the selected communication mode and using transmit power adjusted based on the determined A-MPR. 
 
 
     
     
       15. The method of  claim 14 , further comprising the UE:
 generating the at least one A-MPR LUT for each of the plurality of available communication modes based on baseband parameters within the baseband configuration information, wherein the baseband parameters are associated with transmit (TX) power. 
 
     
     
       16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions for execution by one or more processors of a user equipment (UE), wherein the instructions configure the UE for dynamic transmit power adjustment and cause the UE to:
 decode baseband configuration information received from a base station, the baseband configuration information including at least a modulation and coding scheme (MCS), resource block (RB) allocation, and carrier assignment for uplink (UL) transmission and downlink (DL) reception, 
 determine a communication mode from a plurality of available communication modes based on the baseband configuration information, wherein the plurality of communication modes correspond to a plurality of radio access technologies (RATs); 
 determine an additional maximum power reduction (A-MPR) based on the baseband configuration information and the RAT of the determined communication mode; and 
 encode UL data for transmission to the base station via the selected communication mode and using transmit power adjusted based on the determined A-MPR. 
 
     
     
       17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 16 ,
 wherein the instructions further cause the UE to:
 generate at least one A-MPR look-up table (LUT) for each of the plurality of available communication modes based on baseband parameters within the baseband configuration information, the baseband parameters associated with transmit (TX) power; and 
 determine the A-MPR using the at least one A-MPR LUT. 
 
 
     
     
       18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 17 ,
 wherein the baseband parameters signaled to the UE include one or more of the following:
 NR TX start time and duration, 
 LTE TX start time and duration, 
 LTE bandwidth (BW) allocation, 
 NR BW allocation, 
 NR UL waveform, 
 LTE TX Power Control (TPC), 
 NR TPC, LTE frequency band, 
 NR frequency band, 
 LTE TX power, 
 NR TX power, 
 total EUTRA-NR DC (EN-DC) TX power, and 
 cross-link interference measured at the base station. 
 
 
     
     
       19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 17 ,
 wherein the instructions further cause the UE to:
 update the at least one LUT for each of the plurality of available communication modes based on radio frequency (RF) calibrations of front-end (FE) circuitry of transceiver circuitry of the UE, wherein the RF calibrations use TX FE direct or indirect parameters of the transceiver circuitry associated with TX power. 
 
 
     
     
       20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 19 ,
 wherein the instructions further cause the UE to:
 apply a TX power adjustment at an input of a power amplifier of the transceiver circuitry, the TX power adjustment based on the TX FE direct or indirect parameters.

Description:
PRIORITY CLAIM 
     This application is a U.S. National Stage filing of International Application No. PCT/US 2019 / 063720 , filed Nov.  27 ,  2019 , which claims the benefit of priority to the U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/778,798, filed Dec. 12, 2018, and entitled “DYNAMIC TRANSMIT POWER ADJUSTMENT,” each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     Aspects pertain to wireless communications. Some aspects relate to wireless networks including 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) networks, 3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) networks, 3GPP LTE-A (LTE Advanced) networks, and fifth-generation (5G) networks including 5G new radio (NR) (or 5G-NR) networks, 5G-LTE networks, and 5G NR unlicensed spectrum (NR-U) networks. Other aspects are directed to dynamic transmit power adjustment. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Mobile communications have evolved significantly from early voice systems to today&#39;s highly sophisticated integrated communication platform. With the increase in different types of devices communicating with various network devices, usage of 3GPP LTE systems has increased. The penetration of mobile devices (user equipment or UEs) in modem society has continued to drive demand for a wide variety of networked devices in a number of disparate environments. Fifth-generation (5G) wireless systems are forthcoming and are expected to enable even greater speed, connectivity, and usability. Next generation 5G networks (or NR networks) are expected to increase throughput, coverage, and robustness and reduce latency and operational and capital expenditures. 5G-NR networks will continue to evolve based on 3GPP LTE-Advanced with additional potential new radio access technologies (RATs) to enrich people&#39;s lives with seamless wireless connectivity solutions delivering fast, rich content and services. As current cellular network frequency is saturated, higher frequencies, such as millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency, can be beneficial due to their high bandwidth. 
     Potential LTE operation in the unlicensed spectrum includes (and is not limited to) the LTE operation in the unlicensed spectrum via dual connectivity (DC), or DC-based LAA, and the standalone LTE system in the unlicensed spectrum, according to which LTE-based technology solely operates in unlicensed spectrum without requiring an “anchor” in the licensed spectrum, called MulteFire. MulteFire combines the performance benefits of LTE technology with the simplicity of Wi-Fi-like deployments. 
     Further enhanced operation of LTE systems in the licensed as well as unlicensed spectrum is expected in future releases and 5G systems. Such enhanced operations can include techniques for dynamic transmit power adjustment. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
       In the figures, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, like numerals may describe similar components in different views. Like numerals having different letter suffixes may represent different instances of similar components. The figures illustrate generally, by way of example, but not by way of limitation, various aspects discussed in the present document. 
         FIG.  1 A  illustrates an architecture of a network, in accordance with some aspects. 
         FIG.  1 B  and  FIG.  1 C  illustrate a non-roaming 5G system architecture in accordance with some aspects. 
         FIG.  2    illustrates a dynamic transmit power adjustment (DTPA) module, in accordance with some aspects. 
         FIG.  3    illustrates a block diagram of a communication device such as an evolved Node-B (eNB), a new generation Node-B (gNB), an access point (AP), a wireless station (STA), a mobile station (MS), or a user equipment (UE), in accordance with some aspects. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The following description and the drawings sufficiently illustrate aspects to enable those skilled in the art to practice them. Other aspects may incorporate structural, logical, electrical, process, and other changes. Portions and features of some aspects may be included in or substituted for, those of other aspects. Aspects set forth in the claims encompass all available equivalents of those claims. 
       FIG.  1 A  illustrates an architecture of a network in accordance with some aspects. The network  140 A is shown to include user equipment (UE)  101  and UE  102 . The UEs  101  and  102  are illustrated as smartphones (e.g., handheld touchscreen mobile computing devices connectable to one or more cellular networks) but may also include any mobile or non-mobile computing device, such as Personal Data Assistants (PDAs), pagers, laptop computers, desktop computers, wireless handsets, drones, or any other computing device including a wired and/or wireless communications interface. The UEs  101  and  102  can be collectively referred to herein as UE  101 , and UE  101  can be used to perform one or more of the techniques disclosed herein. 
     Any of the radio links described herein (e.g., as used in the network  140 A or any other illustrated network) may operate according to any exemplary radio communication technology and/or standard. 
     LTE and LTE-Advanced are standards for wireless communications of high-speed data for UE such as mobile telephones. In LTE-Advanced and various wireless systems, carrier aggregation is a technology according to which multiple carrier signals operating on different frequencies may be used to carry communications for a single UE, thus increasing the bandwidth available to a single device. In some aspects, carrier aggregation may be used where one or more component carriers operate on unlicensed frequencies. 
     Aspects described herein can be used in the context of any spectrum management scheme including, for example, dedicated licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, (licensed) shared spectrum (such as Licensed Shared Access (LSA) in 2.3-2.4 GHz, 3.4-3.6 GHz, 3.6-3.8 GHz, and further frequencies and Spectrum Access System (SAS) in 3.55-3.7 GHz and further frequencies). 
     Aspects described herein can also be applied to different Single Carrier or OFDM flavors (CP-OFDM, SC-FDMA, SC-OFDM, filter bank-based multicarrier (FBMC), OFDMA, etc.) and in particular 3GPP NR (New Radio) by allocating the OFDM carrier data bit vectors to the corresponding symbol resources. 
     In some aspects, any of the UEs  101  and  102  can comprise an Internet-of-Things (IoT) UE or a Cellular IoT (CIoT) UE, which can comprise a network access layer designed for low-power IoT applications utilizing short-lived UE connections. In some aspects, any of the UEs  101  and  102  can include a narrowband (NB) IoT UE (e.g., such as an enhanced NB-IoT (eNB-IoT) UE and Further Enhanced (FeNB-IoT) UE). An IoT UE can utilize technologies such as machine-to-machine (M2M) or machine-type communications (MTC) for exchanging data with an MTC server or device via a public land mobile network (PLMN), Proximity-Based Service (ProSe) or device-to-device (D2D) communication, sensor networks, or IoT networks. The M2M or MTC exchange of data may be a machine-initiated exchange of data. An IoT network includes interconnecting IoT UEs, which may include uniquely identifiable embedded computing devices (within the Internet infrastructure), with short-lived connections. The IoT UEs may execute background applications (e.g., keep-alive messages, status updates, etc.) to facilitate the connections of the IoT network. 
     In some aspects, any of the UEs  101  and  102  can include enhanced MTC (eMTC) UEs or further enhanced MTC (FeMTC) UEs. 
     The UEs  101  and  102  may be configured to connect, e.g., communicatively couple, with a radio access network (RAN)  110 . The RAN  110  may be, for example, an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN), a NextGen RAN (NG RAN), or some other type of RAN. The UEs  101  and  102  utilize connections  103  and  104 , respectively, each of which comprises a physical communications interface or layer (discussed in further detail below); in this example, the connections  103  and  104  are illustrated as an air interface to enable communicative coupling, and can be consistent with cellular communications protocols, such as a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) protocol, a code-division multiple access (CDMA) network protocol, a Push-to-Talk (PTT) protocol, a PTT over Cellular (POC) protocol, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) protocol, a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) protocol, a fifth-generation (5G) protocol, a New Radio (NR) protocol, and the like. 
     In an aspect, the UEs  101  and  102  may further directly exchange communication data via a ProSe interface  105 . The ProSe interface  105  may alternatively be referred to as a sidelink interface comprising one or more logical channels, including but not limited to a Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH), a Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), a Physical Sidelink Discovery Channel (PSDCH), and a Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel (PSBCH). 
     The UE  102  is shown to be configured to access an access point (AP)  106  via connection  107 . The connection  107  can comprise a local wireless connection, such as, for example, a connection consistent with any IEEE 802.11 protocol, according to which the AP  106  can comprise a wireless fidelity (WiFi®) router. In this example, the AP  106  is shown to be connected to the Internet without connecting to the core network of the wireless system (described in further detail below). 
     The RAN  110  can include one or more access nodes that enable the connections  103  and  104 . These access nodes (ANs) can be referred to as base stations (BSs), NodeBs, evolved NodeBs (eNBs), Next Generation NodeBs (gNBs), RAN nodes, and the like, and can comprise ground stations (e.g., terrestrial access points) or satellite stations providing coverage within a geographic area (e.g., a cell). In some aspects, the communication nodes  111  and  112  can be transmission/reception points (TRPs). In instances when the communication nodes  111  and  112  are NodeBs (e.g., eNBs or gNBs), one or more TRPs can function within the communication cell of the NodeBs. The RAN  110  may include one or more RAN nodes for providing macrocells, e.g., macro RAN node  111 , and one or more RAN nodes for providing femtocells or picocells (e.g., cells having smaller coverage areas, smaller user capacity, or higher bandwidth compared to macrocells), e.g., low power (LP) RAN node  112 . 
     Any of the RAN nodes  111  and  112  can terminate the air interface protocol and can be the first point of contact for the UEs  101  and  102 . In some aspects, any of the RAN nodes  111  and  112  can fulfill various logical functions for the RAN  110  including, but not limited to, radio network controller (RNC) functions such as radio bearer management, uplink and downlink dynamic radio resource management and data packet scheduling, and mobility management. In an example, any of the nodes  111  and/or  112  can be a new generation Node-B (gNB), an evolved node-B (eNB), or another type of RAN node. 
     The RAN  110  is shown to be communicatively coupled to a core network (CN)  120  via an S1 interface  113 . In aspects, the CN  120  may be an evolved packet core (EPC) network, a NextGen Packet Core (NPC) network, or some other type of CN (e.g., as illustrated in reference to  FIGS.  1 B- 11   ). In this aspect, the S1 interface  113  is split into two parts: the S1-U interface  114 , which carries traffic data between the RAN nodes  111  and  112  and the serving gateway (S-GW)  122 , and the S1-mobility management entity (MME) interface  115 , which is a signaling interface between the RAN nodes  111  and  112  and MMEs  121 . 
     In this aspect, the CN  120  comprises the MMEs  121 , the S-GW  122 , the Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (P-GW)  123 , and a home subscriber server (HSS)  124 . The MMEs  121  may be similar in function to the control plane of legacy Serving General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Support Nodes (SGSN). The MMEs  121  may manage mobility aspects in access such as gateway selection and tracking area list management. The HSS  124  may comprise a database for network users, including subscription-related information to support the network entities&#39; handling of communication sessions. The CN  120  may comprise one or several HSSs  124 , depending on the number of mobile subscribers, on the capacity of the equipment, on the organization of the network, etc. For example, the HSS  124  can provide support for routing/roaming, authentication, authorization, naming/addressing resolution, location dependencies, etc. 
     The S-GW  122  may terminate the S1 interface  113  towards the RAN  110 , and routes data packets between the RAN  110  and the CN  120 . In addition, the S-GW  122  may be a local mobility anchor point for inter-RAN node handovers and also may provide an anchor for inter-3GPP mobility. Other responsibilities of the S-GW  122  may include a lawful intercept, charging, and some policy enforcement. 
     The P-GW  123  may terminate an SGi interface toward a PDN. The P-GW  123  may route data packets between the EPC network  120  and external networks such as a network including the application server  184  (alternatively referred to as application function (AF)) via an Internet Protocol (IP) interface  125 . The P-GW  123  can also communicate data to other external networks  131 A, which can include the Internet, IP multimedia subsystem (IPS) network, and other networks. Generally, the application server  184  may be an element offering applications that use IP bearer resources with the core network (e.g., UMTS Packet Services (PS) domain, LTE PS data services, etc.). In this aspect, the P-GW  123  is shown to be communicatively coupled to an application server  184  via an IP interface  125 . The application server  184  can also be configured to support one or more communication services (e.g., Voice-over-Internet Protocol (VoIP) sessions, PTT sessions, group communication sessions, social networking services, etc.) for the UEs  101  and  102  via the CN  120 . 
     The P-GW  123  may further be a node for policy enforcement and charging data collection. Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF)  126  is the policy and charging control element of the CN  120 . In a non-roaming scenario, in some aspects, there may be a single PCRF in the Home Public Land Mobile Network (HPLMN) associated with a UE&#39;s Internet Protocol Connectivity Access Network (IP-CAN) session. In a roaming scenario with a local breakout of traffic, there may be two PCRFs associated with a UE&#39;s IP-CAN session: a Home PCRF (H-PCRF) within an HPLMN and a Visited PCRF (V-PCRF) within a Visited Public Land Mobile Network (VPLMN). The PCRF  126  may be communicatively coupled to the application server  184  via the P-GW  123 . 
     In some aspects, the communication network  140 A can be an IoT network or a 5G network, including 5G new radio network using communications in the licensed (5G NR) and the unlicensed (5G NR-U) spectrum. One of the current enablers of IoT is the narrowband-IoT (NB-IoT). 
     An NG system architecture can include the RAN  110  and a 5G network core (5GC)  120 . The NG-RAN  110  can include a plurality of nodes, such as gNBs and NG-eNBs. The core network  120  (e.g., a 5G core network or 5GC) can include an access and mobility function (AMF) and/or a user plane function (UPF). The AMF and the UPF can be communicatively coupled to the gNBs and the NG-eNBs via NG interfaces. More specifically, in some aspects, the gNBs and the NG-eNBs can be connected to the AMF by NG-C interfaces, and to the UPF by NG-U interfaces. The gNBs and the NG-eNBs can be coupled to each other via Xn interfaces. 
     In some aspects, the NG system architecture can use reference points between various nodes as provided by 3GPP Technical Specification (TS) 23.501 (e.g., V15.4.0, 2018-12). In some aspects, each of the gNBs and the NG-eNBs can be implemented as a base station, a mobile edge server, a small cell, a home eNB, and so forth. In some aspects, a gNB can be a master node (MN) and NG-eNB can be a secondary node (SN) in a 5G architecture. 
       FIG.  1 B  illustrates a non-roaming 5G system architecture in accordance with some aspects. Referring to  FIG.  1 B , there is illustrated a 5G system architecture  140 B in a reference point representation. More specifically, UE  102  can be in communication with RAN  110  as well as one or more other 5G core (5GC) network entities. The 5G system architecture  140 B includes a plurality of network functions (NFs), such as access and mobility management function (AMF)  132 , session management function (SMF)  136 , policy control function (PCF)  148 , application function (AF)  150 , user plane function (UPF)  134 , network slice selection function (NSSF)  142 , authentication server function (AUSF)  144 , and unified data management (UDM)/home subscriber server (HSS)  146 . The UPF  134  can provide a connection to a data network (DN)  152 , which can include, for example, operator services, Internet access, or third-party services. The AMF  132  can be used to manage access control and mobility and can also include network slice selection functionality. The SMF  136  can be configured to set up and manage various sessions according to network policy. The UPF  134  can be deployed in one or more configurations according to the desired service type. The PCF  148  can be configured to provide a policy framework using network slicing, mobility management, and roaming (similar to PCRF in a 4G communication system). The UDM can be configured to store subscriber profiles and data (similar to an HSS in a 4G communication system). 
     In some aspects, the 5G system architecture  140 B includes an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS)  168 B as well as a plurality of IP multimedia core network subsystem entities, such as call session control functions (CSCFs). More specifically, the IMS  168 B includes a CSCF, which can act as a proxy CSCF (P-CSCF)  162 BE, a serving CSCF (S-CSCF)  164 B, an emergency CSCF (E-CSCF) (not illustrated in  FIG.  1 B ), or interrogating CSCF (I-CSCF)  166 B. The P-CSCF  162 B can be configured to be the first contact point for the UE  102  within the IM subsystem (IMS)  168 B. The S-CSCF  164 B can be configured to handle the session states in the network, and the E-CSCF can be configured to handle certain aspects of emergency sessions such as routing an emergency request to the correct emergency center or PSAP. The I-CSCF  166 B can be configured to function as the contact point within an operator&#39;s network for all IMS connections destined to a subscriber of that network operator, or a roaming subscriber currently located within that network operator&#39;s service area. In some aspects, the I-CSCF  166 B can be connected to another IP multimedia network  170 E, e.g. an IMS operated by a different network operator. 
     In some aspects, the UDM/HSS  146  can be coupled to an application server  160 E, which can include a telephony application server (TAS) or another application server (AS). The AS  160 B can be coupled to the IMS  168 B via the S-CSCF  164 B or the I-CSCF  166 B. 
     A reference point representation shows that interaction can exist between corresponding NF services. For example,  FIG.  1 B  illustrates the following reference points: N1 (between the UE  102  and the AMF  132 ), N2 (between the RAN  110  and the AMF  132 ), N3 (between the RAN  110  and the UPF  134 ), N4 (between the SMF  136  and the UPF  134 ), N5 (between the PCF  148  and the AF  150 , not shown), N6 (between the UPF  134  and the DN  152 ), N7 (between the SMF  136  and the PCF  148 , not shown), N8 (between the UDM  146  and the AMF  132 , not shown), N9 (between two UPFs  134 , not shown), N10 (between the UDM  146  and the SMF  136 , not shown), N11 (between the AMF  132  and the SMF  136 , not shown), N12 (between the AUSF  144  and the AMF  132 , not shown), N13 (between the AUSF  144  and the UDM  146 , not shown), N14 (between two AMFs  132 , not shown), N15 (between the PCF  148  and the AMF  132  in case of a non-roaming scenario, or between the PCF  148  and a visited network and AMF  132  in case of a roaming scenario, not shown), N16 (between two SMFs, not shown), and N22 (between AMF  132  and NSSF  142 , not shown). Other reference point representations not shown in  FIG.  1 E  can also be used. 
       FIG.  1 C  illustrates a 5G system architecture  140 C and a service-based representation. In addition to the network entities illustrated in  FIG.  1 B , system architecture  140 C can also include a network exposure function (NEF)  154  and a network repository function (NRF)  156 . In some aspects, 5G system architectures can be service-based and interaction between network functions can be represented by corresponding point-to-point reference points Ni or as service-based interfaces. 
     In some aspects, as illustrated in  FIG.  1 C , service-based representations can be used to represent network functions within the control plane that enable other authorized network functions to access their services. In this regard, 5G system architecture  140 C can include the following service-based interfaces: Namf  158 H (a service-based interface exhibited by the AMF  132 ), Nsmf  1581  (a service-based interface exhibited by the SMF  136 ), Nnef  158 B (a service-based interface exhibited by the NEF  154 ), Npcf  158 D (a service-based interface exhibited by the PCF  148 ), a Nudm  158 E (a service-based interface exhibited by the UDM  146 ), Naf  158 F (a service-based interface exhibited by the AF  150 ), Nnrf  158 C (a service-based interface exhibited by the NRF  156 ), Nnssf  158 A (a service-based interface exhibited by the NSSF  142 ), Nausf  158 G (a service-based interface exhibited by the AUSF  144 ). Other service-based interfaces (e.g., Nudr, N5g-eir, and Nudsf) not shown in  FIG.  1 C  can also be used. 
     Techniques discussed herein can be performed by a UE or a base station (e.g., any of the UEs or base stations illustrated in connection with  FIG.  1 A - FIG.  1 C ). 
     UE transmit (Tx) power may impact radio frequency (RF) emissions into other bands, receive (Rx) sensitivity, UE battery life, and uplink (UL) coverage. 3GPP specifications may specify a worst-case additional maximum power reduction (A-MPR) for various bands/band combinations to limit RF emissions. However, 3GPP requirements for using A-MPR are applicable only in the worst-case configuration of UE parameters. Using A-MPR under the conventional 3GPP requirements (e.g., using worst-case A-MPR for a given band/band combination regardless of the actual network signaling and transmitter front end (TxFE) configuration) could result in UL coverage loss, higher current consumption, and/or deteriorated UL demodulation performance closer to a cell edge. 
     A-MPR can be optimized in several scenarios, including (a) higher than optimal Tx power (i.e., aggressively low A-MPR), which can cause RF emissions due to harmonics, inter-modulation distortions (IMDs) resulting in violation of adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR), spectral emissions mask (SEM), reference sensitivity (RefSens) requirements, and high UE power consumption; and (b) lower than optimal Tx power (i.e., pessimistically high A-MPR), which can cause degraded performance and UL coverage loss closer to cell-edge. 
     Previous solutions for Tx power adjustment use few parameters specific to one radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., LTE). With 5G and the new addition of the EUTRA-New Radio (NR) dual connectivity (EN-DC) and NR-NR DC scenarios, the number of parameters and combinations that can be considered for dynamic Tx power adjustment increases. Additionally, prior solutions for Tx power adjustment do not consider an adaptive architecture to adjust baseband modem parameters using feedback and also signaling to inform the network. 
     Techniques discussed herein can be used for dynamic Tx power adjustment, including an adaptive dynamic A-MPR algorithm for a given band/band combination. The disclosed techniques include identifying parameters and requirements/constraints to be used to determine the instantaneous A-MPR, determining the optimized A-MPR to be used, provide signaling enhancements for UE to suggest parameter configuration to the network (e.g., UE assistance information), potential future 3GPP enhancements, and optimized UL transmit parameter configuration back to baseband modem. Enhancements associated with the disclosed techniques include optimized UE Tx power for multiple transmit parameter combinations, limiting RF emissions into other bands, minimizing Rx sensitivity impact, improving UE battery life, improving UL coverage, reducing maximum permissible exposure (MPE) and specific absorption rate (SAR), and meeting 3GPP and regulatory requirements. 
       FIG.  2    illustrates a dynamic transmit power adjustment (DTPA) module  200 , in accordance with some aspects. The DTPA  200  can be part of a UE and can be configured to use one or more of the techniques discussed herein for dynamic Tx power adjustment. The DTPA  200  can be in communication with the network  204  via a modem  202  in order to obtain or provide dynamic system parameters. Modem capabilities  208 , which includes RF and UE features, associated with the modem  202  can also be communicated to the DTPA  200 . 
     In an example embodiment, the DTPA  200  is configured to receive the following parameters as inputs: (A) baseband (BB) parameters associated with the network  204  or the modem  202 ; (B) TX front-end (FE) direct parameters associated with RF hardware  206  (e.g., TX FE); (C) TX FE indirect parameters, which can be stored as part of the DTPA  200 ; (D) 3GPP parameters (constraints and constants) associated with one or more 3GPP technical specifications; and (E) regulatory parameters (constraints and constants), including parameters that can be indicated/set by one or more regulatory institutions associated with communications and signal power, including the International Commission on Non-ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The DTPA  200  can further include one or more lookup tables (LUTs)  212 , such as MPR LUTs or other types of LUTs discussed herein (including power management maximum power reduction (P-MPR) and A-MPR LUTs). Such LUTs map the vector of input parameters and some derived parameters from them to the corresponding table and the specific entry in the table. The DTPA  200  can use one or more of the techniques discussed herein and generate outputs (F) using the inputs (A)-(E). 
     The outputs (F) can include parameters for communication to TxFE (e.g., RF hardware  206 ) to optimize settings, parameters to BB to optimize modem configuration, and parameters to BB to be signaled back to the network  204 . The outputs (F) include A-MPR or other types of parameters used for dynamic Tx power adjustment as well as other parameters that can be used to configure the RF hardware  206 , baseband circuitry such as the modem  202 , as well as the network  204 . The inputs (A)-(E), as well as the outputs (F), are discussed in greater detail hereinbelow. 
     Input (A): BB Parameters Influencing Tx Power 
     The input (A) parameters include one or more of the following: 
     Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) in LTE (signaled by the network to the UE; at least 29 possibilities); MCS in NR (signaled by the network to the UE; at least 28 possibilities); NR TX Start Time and Duration (derived by the modem  202  based on Tx/Rx format signaled by the network); LTE TX Start Time and Duration (derived by the modem  202  based on Tx/Rx format signaled by the network); Bandwidth (BW)/resource block (RB) allocation in LTE (signaled by the network to the UE; innumerable possibilities, including discontinuous allocations, such as up to 100 PRBs in LTE 20 MHz BW); BW/RB allocation in NR (signaled by the network to the UE; innumerable possibilities, including discontinuous allocations, such as up to 275 PRBs in NR 400 MHz BW); UL waveform in NR (signaled by the network; 2 possibilities (DFT-S-OFDM, CP-OFDM)); LTE Tx Power Control (TPC) (signaled by the network; 4 possibilities); NR TPC (signaled by the network; 4 possibilities); frequency band LTE (selected and camped on by the UE and then signaled by the network; ˜80 bands in 3GPP); frequency band NR (selected and camped on by the UE and then signaled by the network; ˜36 bands in 3GPP); carrier assignment in DL and UL in LTE (signaled by the network to the UE; innumerable possibilities); carrier assignment in DL and UL in NR (signaled by the network to the UE (innumerable possibilities); Power Head Room (PHR) per power amplifier (PA) (measured by the modem internally and used as a criterion (based on a threshold) to determine actions such as dropping NR link autonomously, etc., to protect VoLTE in EN-DC); LTE NS_Signaling (networki signaling that is signaled by the network; at least 7 possibilities); LTE Tx Power (P_LTE; computed by the UE; innumerable possibilities); NR Tx Power (P_NR, computed by the UE; innumerable possibilities); Total EN-DC Tx Power (P_ENDC; signaled by the network to the UE; innumerable possibilities); Type_I_Type_II_UE (stored in the UE as its capability; 2 possibilities); Cross_Link_Interference_from_gNB (measured at the gNB and signaled to the UE; this parameter can be called Cross_Link_Interference_from_RxUE for side link communications; it can be measured at a receiver UE and signaled to transmitter UE in case of sidelink communications); LTE sounding reference signal (SRS): SRS_Offset_and_Periodicity (signaled by the network to the UE); LTE SRS_Freq_Hopping (signaled by the network to the UE); NR SRS_Offset_and_Periodicity (signaled by the network to the UE); NR SRS_Freq_Hopping (signaled by the network to the UE); UL Transform Precoding for LTE (signaled by the network; 2 numTxAnt  possibilities); UL Transform Precoding for NR (signaled by the network; 2 numTxAnt  possibilities); Sub-Carrier Spacing in NR; QoS-related constraints (e.g., latency constraints, reliability constraints, packet loss rate constraints); Doppler estimate; Average BLER estimate; Reliability features; UCI repetition level; and PUSCH Repetition level. 
     Input (B): TxFE Direct Parameters Influencing Tx Power 
     The input (B) parameters include one or more of the following: 
     PA_gain based on gain state (PAs in the UE can have multiple gain states). When there is a Tx power imbalance between carriers in carrier aggregation (CA) or RATs in DC, PA gain state can be controlled either based on stronger Tx power signal or based on higher priority signal (e.g., VoLTE prioritized over data on NR in EN-DC). 
     Front-End Insertion Loss. Analog components in Tx FE (e.g., diplexer/triplexer, etc.) can add insertion loss which reduces the effective Tx power. In this regard, Tx power at an antenna port is effectively the output power of PA/SPAD minus the corresponding amount of dB insertion loss. 
     PA saturation power (P_sat), which is defined by the PA power class. 
     PA Nonlinearity Qualitative Characteristics (based on the PA type), including intercept points defined as IPx i.e. IP3, IP5, etc.; XdB compression point; Volterra/Taylor series behavioral model; and AM-AM/PM curves. 
     Digital Pre-Distortion (DPD) implementation (to account for some of the non-linearities), including plain DPD (i.e., Taylor series) and memory DPD (i.e., Volterra series). 
     Envelope Tracking Implementation (envelope tracking (ET) versus average power tracking (APT) mode). 
     Reverse inter-modulation (IM), which is applicable to 2PA/2TX scenarios and depends on antenna isolation. 
     Antenna characteristics, including directivity and efficiency. 
     Duplexer rejection, which can include the following rejection values: for frequency &lt;780 MHz, the rejection is 30 dB; for frequency between 780-804 MHz, the rejection is 40 dB; for frequency between 859-869 MHz, the rejection is 55 dB; for frequency between 869-894 MHz, the rejection is 50 dB; and for frequency of 2H or 3H, the rejection is 40 dB. 
     Input (C): TxFE Indirect Parameters Influencing Tx Power 
     The input (C) parameters include one or more of the following: 
     Impedance mismatch: voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), or reflection coefficient, or reflected power per band/antenna. 
     When impedance between the antenna and the baseband is not matched, there is reflected power from the antenna creating a standing wave (which is measured by VSWR or reflection coefficient). This reflected power reduces the Tx power of the UE on the particular band resulting in coverage loss. In some aspects, a LUT can be maintained in the UE (e.g., as one of LUTs  212 ) to map VSWR (or a reflection coefficient) to reflected power (dB). In this regard, Tx power at an antenna port is effectively the output power of PA/SPAD minus the corresponding amount of dB reflected power. An example is shown in TABLE 1 below. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 REFLECTED POWER (dB) 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 VSWR 
                 Band A 
                 Band B 
                 Band C 
                 Band D 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1.0 
                 −inf 
                 −inf 
                 −inf 
                 −inf 
               
               
                 1.5 
                 −20 
                 −35 
                 −28 
                 −40 
               
               
                 2.0 
                 −12 
                 −18 
                 −14 
                 −10 
               
               
                 . . . 
                 . . . 
                 . . . 
                 . . . 
                 . . . 
               
               
                 10.0  
                  −1 
                  −5 
                  −3 
                  −2 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Cross-Talk between Tx ports. Antenna S-parameters S12, S21, etc and/or Z-parameters Z12, Z21, etc. 
     PA Calibration Gap support per FR. PA calibration gaps in NR is used to enable UEs to implement DPD techniques without resorting to highly complex implementations involving dedicated feedback receiver chains. The PA calibration gap would allow the UE to utilize the gap to calibrate its PA without introducing additional RF chains into the implementation. This, in turn, allows UEs with reasonable implementation complexity to achieve higher operating points in the non-linear region of the PA while meeting the 3GPP requirements. UE capability determines if it supports the PA calibration gap or not. No PA calibration supported by UE may imply need for higher MPR depending on the band. 
     TPC inaccuracies. Power jumps (e.g., TPC settling during OFF to ON transition). 
     Additional BB inaccuracies, including amplitude variation/nonlinearity, phase-shifter amplitude inaccuracy, and phase-shifter insertion loss. 
     Interference-related, including spur cancellation, UE_self_interference, jammer, and modulated_spur. 
     Body_proximity_sensor (e.g., mmWave-based sensor). 
     Thermal sensor parameters. 
     Antenna array gain, which is a function of the number of antennas in the array, polarization gain, and antenna roll-off loss as a function of frequency. 
     Antenna efficiency, such as conducted efficiency, dielectric efficiency, etc. 
     Overall implementation losses taking into account, e.g., form factor; planar radome loss based on radome shape, thickness, and material; radiation efficiency; thickness of the glass layer; and distance between the array and glass. 
     Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) cumulative distribution function (CDF) percentile point used to optimize the Tx power. 
     Directivity loss in dB as a function of elevation and azimuth angles. 
     Input D): 3GPP Parameters and Requirements Influencing Tx Power 
     The input (D) parameters include one or more of the parameters indicated by TABLE 2 below (and specified by 3GPP TS 38.101 or other 3GPP specifications): 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Originates 
                   
                   
                 Range of 
                   
               
               
                 Parameter 
                 at 
                 Depends on 
                 Influences 
                 values 
                 Description 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 PHR per PA 
                 BB 
                 P CMAX , RRC 
                 PHR 
                 INTEGER 
                 Pwr 
               
               
                   
                   
                 parameter 
                 calculation 
                 (−23 . . . 40)  
                 Headroom 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 computed 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 by BB 
               
               
                 NS_Signaling 
                 RAN 
                   
                   
                   
                 how it flows 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 to RF . . . 
               
               
                 LTE Tx 
                 BB 
                 RRC parameter 
                 Maximum 
                 INTEGER 
                 The 
               
               
                 Power: P_LTE 
                   
                   
                 Tx power 
                 (−30 . . . 33), 
                 maximum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 calculation 
                   
                 total 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 transmit 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 power to be 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 used by the 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 UE in the 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LTE cell 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 group 
               
               
                 NR Tx Power: 
                 BB 
                 RRC parameter 
                 Maximum 
                 INTEGER 
                 The 
               
               
                 P_NR 
                   
                   
                 Tx power 
                 (−30 . . . 33), 
                 maximum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 calculation 
                   
                 total 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 transmit 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 power to be 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 used by the 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 UE in the 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 NR cell 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 group 
               
               
                 Total EN-DC 
                 BB 
                 RRC parameter 
                 Maximum 
                 INTEGER 
                 The 
               
               
                 Tx Power: 
                   
                   
                 Tx power 
                 (−30 . . . 33), 
                 maximum 
               
               
                 P_ENDC 
                   
                   
                 calculation 
                   
                 total 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 transmit 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 power to be 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 used by the 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 UE 
               
               
                 Type_I_Type_II_UE 
                 BB 
                 Constant? 
               
               
                 DPS Support 
                 BB 
                 UE 
                 NR 
                   
                 UE 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 transmit 
                   
                 indicates a 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 power 
                   
                 capability 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 calculation 
                   
                 for dynamic 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 power- 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 sharing 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 between 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 EUTRA and 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 NR 
               
               
                 P CMAX     —     L     —     LTE, f, c   
                 BB 
                 band; power 
                 Maxmum 
                 [−40~31] 
                 Lower limit 
               
               
                 &amp; 
                   
                 class; RRC 
                 Tx power 
                   
                 of LTE/NR 
               
               
                 P CMAX     —     L     —     NR, f, c   
                   
                 parameters; 
                 calculation 
                   
                 transmission 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Antenna port; 
                   
                   
                 power 
               
               
                   
                   
                 MCS 
               
               
                 P CMAX     —     H     —     LTE     —     , f, c   
                 BB 
                 band; power 
                 Maxmum 
                 [−40~31] 
                 higher limit 
               
               
                 &amp; 
                   
                 class; RRC 
                 Tx power 
                   
                 of LTE/NR 
               
               
                 P CMAX     —     H     —     NR, f, c   
                   
                 parameters, 
                 calculation 
                   
                 transmission 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Antenna port; 
                   
                   
                 power 
               
               
                   
                   
                 MCS 
               
               
                 ΔT C     —     E-UTRA, c   
                 BB 
                 LTE band; LTE 
                 Maximum 
                 {0, 1.5} 
                 Allowed 
               
               
                   
                   
                 power class 
                 Tx power 
                   
                 operating 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 calculation 
                   
                 band edge 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 transmission 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 power 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 relaxation 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 for serving 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 cell c 
               
               
                 Δ T C     —     NR, c   
                 BB 
                 NR band, NR 
                 Maximum 
                 {0, 1.5} 
                 Allowed 
               
               
                   
                   
                 power class 
                 Tx power 
                   
                 operating 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 calculation 
                   
                 band edge 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 transmission 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 power 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 relaxation 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 for serving 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 cell c 
               
               
                 ΔP PowerClass   
                 BB 
                 UE/NW; 
                 Maxmum 
                 {−3, 0, 
                 Maximum 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Operation 
                 Tx power 
                 +3}; 
                 Tx power 
               
               
                   
                   
                 band; RRC 
                 calculation 
                 (class1 
                 adjustment 
               
               
                   
                   
                 parameters 
                   
                 not list) 
                 for a given 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 power class 
               
               
                 P EMAX, c   
                 BB 
                 RRC parameter 
                 Maxmum 
                 INTEGER 
                 Maximum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Tx power 
                 (−30 . . . 33), 
                 allowed UE 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 calculation 
                   
                 output 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 power 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 signaled by 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 higher 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 layers for 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 serving cell c 
               
               
                 ΔT RxSRS   
                 BB 
                 Tx/Rx antenna 
                 Maxmum 
                 {0, 3}   
                 Maximum 
               
               
                   
                   
                 port 
                 Tx power 
                   
                 Tx power 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 calculation 
                   
                 adjustment 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 for a given 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 SRS 
               
               
                 ACS 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Adjacent 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Channel 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Selectivity 
               
               
                 D TIB   
                 BB 
                 NR bands; 
                 Maxmum 
                 (0, 0.3, 
                 Additional 
               
               
                   
                   
                 LTE bands 
                 Tx power 
                 0.5, 0.6, 
                 tolerance 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 calculation 
                 0.8} 
                 for serving 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 cell c with 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 two band 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 combination 
               
               
                 D RIB   
                 BB 
               
               
                 MPR c   
                 BB 
                 RB location; 
                 Maxmum 
                   [0~6.5] 
                 Maximum 
               
               
                   
                   
                 MCS; DFT 
                 Tx power 
                   
                 power 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 calculation 
                   
                 reduction 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 for serving 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 cell c 
               
               
                 AMPR c   
                 BB 
                 RB location; 
                 Maxmum 
                   [0~15.5] 
                 Additional 
               
               
                   
                   
                 MCS; DFT 
                 Tx power 
                   
                 Maximum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 calculation 
                   
                 power 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 reduction 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 for serving 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 cell c 
               
               
                 P-MPR c   
                   
                 ensuring 
                 Maximum 
                 ? 
                 Maximum 
               
               
                   
                   
                 compliance 
                 Tx power 
                   
                 allowed UE 
               
               
                   
                   
                 with applicable 
                 calculation 
                   
                 output 
               
               
                   
                   
                 electromagnetic 
                   
                   
                 power 
               
               
                   
                   
                 energy 
                   
                   
                 reduction 
               
               
                   
                   
                 absorption 
                   
                   
                 for serving 
               
               
                   
                   
                 requirements 
                   
                   
                 cell c 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Input (E): Regulatory Parameters and Requirements Influencing Tx Power 
     The input (E) parameters include ICNIRP and FCC limits or other parameters influencing Tx power, such as maximum Tx power and maximum EIRP limits based on antenna array area and the number of antenna elements. 
     DTPA Outputs (E) 
     DTPA outputs may be determined based on one or more inputs selected from inputs (A), (B), (C), (D), and/or (E), and may include: 
     Outputs to the TxFE (e.g., RF hardware  206 ), including A-MPR (which can be for each Tx port). 
     Outputs to BB (e.g., to modem  202 ) may include: DPD mode (for each PA); ET-APT mode (for each PA); UL waveform mode (for each NR UL); Minimum preferred spacing between non-contiguous RB allocations; Minimum preferred contiguous RB allocation; and ‘k’ frequency Ranges [f1_start, f2_end], . . . , [fk_start, fk_end] where SEM violations are observed. 
     Outputs to the network  204  (through the modem  202 ) may include: channel allocation (for each LTE/NR RAT); BW/RB allocation (for each LTE/NR RAT); UL waveform mode (for each NR UL); dB improvement in Tx power with respect to current channel/RB/UL waveform allocation; alternate suggested values for all or any subset of the parameters (either the alternate parameter value itself or only the delta/change from the already configured parameter value) for inputs (A) (such as MCS in LTE, MCS in NR, NR TX Start Time and Duration, LTE TX Start Time and Duration, BW/RB Allocation in LTE, BW/RB Allocation in NR, UL Waveform in NR, LTE TPC, NR TPC, Frequency Band LTE, Frequency Band NR, Carrier assignment in DL and UL in LTE, Carrier assignment in DL and UL in NR, PHR per PA, LTE NS_Signaling, LTE Tx Power: P_LTE, NR Tx Power: P_NR, Total EN-DC Tx Power: P_ENDC, Type_I_Type_II_UE, Cross_Link_Interference_from_gNB, Cross_Link_Interference_from_RxUE in case of UE-UE sidelink communication, LTE SRS_Offset_and_Periodicity, LTE SRS_Freq_Hopping, NR SRS_Offset_and_Periodicity, NR SRS_Freq_Hopping, UL Transform Precoding for LTE, UL Transform Precoding for NR, Sub-Carrier Spacing in NR); and Alternate/Adjusted latency, reliability and packet loss rate metrics that the UE can support based on all parameters (these can be signaled either as absolute values or as relative values with regard to the ones signaled by the network to the UE, i.e., incremental/delta change; if incremental/delta change is used, a LUT can be preconfigured in the UE and the gNB to map each delta change to a fixed number of bits to be signaled). 
     In some aspects, the following considerations can be taken into account when determining the outputs (F) of the DTPA  200 : 
     Mask violations (e.g., for spectral emissions masks in inputs D) may reduce significantly with the number of RBs and proximity between the RBs; 
     DPD may help significantly for the larger number of RBs (e.g., if the network is notified and more RBs are requested, DPD may decrease as a result); 
     For 1-RB blocks (e.g., devil&#39;s horns configuration) with QPSK, A-MPR may be implemented at RB distances of 20-25 RBs; and 
     For 5-RB blocks, A-MPR may be implemented at RB distances of 20-25 RBs at ˜25 dBm. 
     As discussed herein, a transmitter can include a UE transmitting to a base station (e.g., a gNB) on an uplink (i.e., on the Uu interface). Techniques discussed herein also apply to the case where the UE is transmitting directly to another UE on a sidelink (i.e., using a PC5 interface). Techniques discussed herein can also be extended to the case where the transmitter and receiver are a part of the direct backhaul link as well (i.e., an X2 interface). 
     In some aspects, on each interface (e.g., Uu, X2, or PC5), the communication protocol could be either one or multiple simulataneous protocols. In other words, an interface could only be using the 5G NR protocol or LTE-NR dual connectivity, and so on. 
     Techniques discussed herein refer to BW/RB allocation on the UL. In the case of 5G NR protocol, Uu BWP is used in the case of UL or DL transmission, while sidelink (SL) bandwidth part (BWP) is used in the case of sidelink transmissions. BW/RB allocation implies either a fraction of the carrier bandwidth (e.g., BWP), or the full carrier bandwidth (e.g., CC BW), or even much greater that the assigned carrier bandwidth as in the case of an ultra-wideband (UWB) transmissions. 
     In some aspects, in the case of UE to gNB UL communications, the UE can select the UL waveform and signal it to the gNB in advance (e.g., which waveform the UE intends to use and the future slot or symbol number when it becomes effective). Alternatively, the gNB can select the waveform to be used on the UL and may signal the same to the UE on the DL. 
     In some aspects, in the case of UE-to-UE sidelink/direct communication, either the sender UE can pick the waveform and signal it to the receiver UE in advance (e.g., which waveform it intends to use and the future slot or symbol number when it becomes effective), or the receiver UE can pick the waveform to be used and may signals the same to the UE on the reverse link. Alternatively, the gNB can signal to both UEs which waveform to use while a dedicated Uu link to each UE is active. 
     In some aspects, functionalities performed by the DTPA (e.g., a DTPA algorithm) can be considered to be residing on the transmit device, i.e., UE on UL Uu interface, or on both devices in the sidelink/direct UE-UE PC5 interface, or backhaul/X2 interface. Alternatively, the DTPA can reside in the cloud or on the network edge closer to the Uu interface thus reducing the implementation complexity on the user devices. 
     In some aspects, the DTPA algorithm may be partitioned such that part of it resides on the transmit device and the remaining part resides on the receive device. 
     In some aspects, the DTPA algorithm may be partitioned such that part of it resides on the transmit device and the remaining part resides in the cloud or the network edge closer to the user device. 
     In some aspects, if DTPA is partitioned as mentioned in the last two possibilities, one way to do so would be to have parameters of inputs (A) on the gNB or at the network edge or in the cloud, while parameters of inputs (B) and (C) can reside on the UE in the case of an active Uu interface. 
     In some aspects, another way to control Tx power is to enable DTPA to dynamically adjust VWSR of the antenna/TxFE chain on the band/bands being used to optimize MPR/AMPR/PMPR. 
     Dynamic Tx Power Adjustment (DTPA) Processing Flow 
     A more detailed description of example steps that can be performed by the DPLA in connection with dynamic TX power adjustment is discussed hereinbelow. 
     A UE can be configured in one of the following communication modes (or communication scenarios): Scenario A: LTE standalone (SA) only; Scenario B: NR SA only; Scenario C: LTE+NR DC scenario; and Scenario D: NR+NR DC scenario. A UE may select one of the communication modes listed above based on configuration parameters communicated by the network (e.g., one or more of the input (A) parameters) 
     Step 1: LUTs  212  can be generated based on measurements, calibrations, and/or other requirements. 
     For each scenario, lab measurements and/or simulations can be performed to measure A-MPR for every parameter combination associated with Input (A) parameters, and the results are stored in the corresponding A-MPR LUT (e.g., one or more of LUTs  212 ). 
     In some aspects, for Scenario A, existing A-MPR tables can be reused if needed as a starting point and modified further as needed. 
     In some aspects, the RF front-end parameters associated with Inputs (B) and (C) can be calibrated and stored in a table (e.g., RFCal Data). 
     In some aspects, some parameters may be functions of the carrier frequency, number of antenna elements, band, etc., and may be stored in the LUTs  212 . 
     In some aspects, 3GPP and regulatory requirements on ACLR/SEM/RefSens/Spurious Emissions/SAR, etc. may be stored in the LUTs  212 , since requirements may be specified for various parameter configurations. 
     In some aspects, the MPR/A-MPR/P-MPR requirements from one or more 3GPP technical specifications (e.g., from TS 38.101, 38.102, and 38.103) may be stored for each band/band combination in the LUTs  212 , since requirements are specified for various parameter configurations. 
     Step 2: Method to apply Tx power adjustments. 
     In some aspects, a Band/Band combination of interest is identified, as well as all Tx/Rx parameters and RF parameters. The corresponding LUTs  212  may be used based on the identified parameters and/or band combinations of interest. A-MPR may be obtained using the LUTs and may be applied based on which RATs are ON in a specific duration, i.e. the corresponding A-MPR table is used in that duration based on scenario A/B/C/D. In some aspects, FW/RFFE maintains look ahead timestamps for each Tx On/Off and Rx On/Off for each RAT. 
     In some aspects, a Tx power adjustment is applied at the PA input (of one or more PAs of the UE) based on the RF front-end parameter calibration by looking up RFCal Tables (e.g., adjust the PA input power taking into account power loss due to aspects like VSWR (impedance mismatch) as a function of band number, front-end duplexer/diplexer insertion loss per band, duplexer rejection per frequency range, etc.). 
     In some aspects, Tx power adjustment may also be applied based on sensor data. For example, the following sensor data may be used. Thermal sensor data: increase/decrease Tx power to manage heat dissipation. This can be done based on pre-calibrated LUTs or equations which map ‘x’ dB backoff for ‘y’ Joules of heat dissipation. Power Management Integrated Circuit (PMIC) data: increase/decrease Tx power to manage current consumption. This can be done based on pre-calibrated LUTs or equations which map ‘x’ dB backoff for ‘y’ mA of current draw. Body proximity sensor data: increase/decrease Tx power to manage MPE/SAR. This can be done based on pre-calibrated LUTs or equations which map ‘x’ dB backoff for ‘y’ cm distance of human tissue to UE. 
     Step 3: Parameter feedback from DTPA to the BB modem and the network. 
     The output (F) parameters including feedback parameters (e.g., DPD mode, ET-APT mode, and UL waveform mode) are communicated to the modem  202  for subsequent Tx configuration changes. The modem  202  may signal specific output parameters back to the network  204 , including updated channel allocation, updated RB allocation, and UL waveform mode. The A-MPR output is communicated to the TX FE for dynamic power adjustment. 
       FIG.  3    illustrates a block diagram of a communication device such as an evolved Node-B (eNB), a next generation Node-B (gNB), an access point (AP), a wireless station (STA), a mobile station (MS), or a user equipment (UE), in accordance with some aspects and to perform one or more of the techniques disclosed herein. In alternative aspects, the communication device  300  may operate as a standalone device or may be connected (e.g., networked) to other communication devices. 
     Circuitry (e.g., processing circuitry) is a collection of circuits implemented in tangible entities of the device  300  that include hardware (e.g., simple circuits, gates, logic, etc.). Circuitry membership may be flexible over time. Circuitries include members that may, alone or in combination, perform specified operations when operating. In an example, the hardware of the circuitry may be immutably designed to carry out a specific operation (e.g., hardwired). In an example, the hardware of the circuitry may include variably connected physical components (e.g., execution units, transistors, simple circuits, etc.) including a machine-readable medium physically modified (e.g., magnetically, electrically, moveable placement of invariant massed particles, etc.) to encode instructions of the specific operation. 
     In connecting the physical components, the underlying electrical properties of a hardware constituent are changed, for example, from an insulator to a conductor or vice versa. The instructions enable embedded hardware (e.g., the execution units or a loading mechanism) to create members of the circuitry in hardware via the variable connections to carry out portions of the specific operation when in operation. Accordingly, in an example, the machine-readable medium elements are part of the circuitry or are communicatively coupled to the other components of the circuitry when the device is operating. For example, any of the physical components may be used in more than one member of more than one circuitry. For example, under operation, execution units may be used in a first circuit of a first circuitry at one point in time and reused by a second circuit in the first circuitry, or by a third circuit in a second circuitry at a different time. Additional examples of these components with respect to the device  300  follow. 
     In some aspects, the device  300  may operate as a standalone device or may be connected (e.g., networked) to other devices. In a networked deployment, the communication device  300  may operate in the capacity of a server communication device, a client communication device, or both in server-client network environments. In an example, the communication device  300  may act as a peer communication device in peer-to-peer (P2P) (or other distributed) network environment. The communication device  300  may be a UE, eNB, PC, a tablet PC, a STB, a PDA, a mobile telephone, a smartphone, a web appliance, a network router, switch or bridge, or any communication device capable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that communication device. Further, while only a single communication device is illustrated, the term “communication device” shall also be taken to include any collection of communication devices that individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, such as cloud computing, software as a service (SaaS), and other computer cluster configurations. 
     Examples, as described herein, may include, or may operate on, logic or a number of components, modules, or mechanisms. Modules are tangible entities (e.g., hardware) capable of performing specified operations and may be configured or arranged in a certain manner. In an example, circuits may be arranged (e.g., internally or with respect to external entities such as other circuits) in a specified manner as a module. In an example, the whole or part of one or more computer systems (e.g., a standalone, client or server computer system) or one or more hardware processors may be configured by firmware or software (e.g., instructions, an application portion, or an application) as a module that operates to perform specified operations. For example, the software may reside on a communication device-readable medium. In an example, the software, when executed by the underlying hardware of the module, causes the hardware to perform the specified operations. 
     Accordingly, the term “module” is understood to encompass a tangible entity, be that an entity that is physically constructed, specifically configured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarily (e.g., transitorily) configured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a specified manner or to perform part or all of any operation described herein. Considering examples in which modules are temporarily configured, each of the modules need not be instantiated at any one moment in time. For example, where the modules comprise a general-purpose hardware processor configured using the software, the general-purpose hardware processor may be configured as respective different modules at different times. The software may accordingly configure a hardware processor, for example, to constitute a particular module at one instance of time and to constitute a different module at a different instance of time. 
     Communication device (e.g., UE)  300  may include a hardware processor  302  (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof), a main memory  304 , a static memory  306 , and mass storage  307  (e.g., hard drive, tape drive, flash storage, or other block or storage devices), some or all of which may communicate with each other via an interlink (e.g., bus)  308 . 
     The communication device  300  may further include a display device  310 , an alphanumeric input device  312  (e.g., a keyboard), and a user interface (UI) navigation device  314  (e.g., a mouse). In an example, the display device  310 , input device  312  and UI navigation device  314  may be a touchscreen display. The communication device  300  may additionally include a signal generation device  318  (e.g., a speaker), a network interface device  320 , and one or more sensors  321 , such as a global positioning system (GPS) sensor, compass, accelerometer, or another sensor. The communication device  300  may include an output controller  328 , such as a serial (e.g., universal serial bus (USB), parallel, or other wired or wireless (e.g., infrared (IR), near field communication (NFC), etc.) connection to communicate or control one or more peripheral devices (e.g., a printer, card reader, etc.). 
     The storage device  307  may include a communication device-readable medium  322 , on which is stored one or more sets of data structures or instructions  324  (e.g., software) embodying or utilized by any one or more of the techniques or functions described herein. In some aspects, registers of the processor  302 , the main memory  304 , the static memory  306 , and/or the mass storage  307  may be, or include (completely or at least partially), the device-readable medium  322 , on which is stored the one or more sets of data structures or instructions  324 , embodying or utilized by any one or more of the techniques or functions described herein. In an example, one or any combination of the hardware processor  302 , the main memory  304 , the static memory  306 , or the mass storage  316  may constitute the device-readable medium  322 . 
     As used herein, the term “device-readable medium” is interchangeable with “computer-readable medium” or “machine-readable medium”. While the communication device-readable medium  322  is illustrated as a single medium, the term “communication device-readable medium” may include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) configured to store the one or more instructions  324 . The term “communication device-readable medium” is inclusive of the terms “machine-readable medium” or “computer-readable medium”, and may include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions (e.g., instructions  324 ) for execution by the communication device  300  and that cause the communication device  300  to perform any one or more of the techniques of the present disclosure, or that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying data structures used by or associated with such instructions. Non-limiting communication device-readable medium examples may include solid-state memories and optical and magnetic media. Specific examples of communication device-readable media may include: non-volatile memory, such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)) and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; Random Access Memory (RAM); and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks. In some examples, communication device-readable media may include non-transitory communication device-readable media. In some examples, communication device-readable media may include communication device-readable media that is not a transitory propagating signal. 
     The instructions  324  may further be transmitted or received over a communications network  326  using a transmission medium via the network interface device  320  utilizing any one of a number of transfer protocols. In an example, the network interface device  320  may include one or more physical jacks (e.g., Ethernet, coaxial, or phone jacks) or one or more antennas to connect to the communications network  326 . In an example, the network interface device  320  may include a plurality of antennas to wirelessly communicate using at least one of single-input-multiple-output (SIMO), MIMO, or multiple-input-single-output (MISO) techniques. In some examples, the network interface device  320  may wirelessly communicate using Multiple User MIMO techniques. 
     The term “transmission medium” shall be taken to include any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying instructions for execution by the communication device  300 , and includes digital or analog communications signals or another intangible medium to facilitate communication of such software. In this regard, a transmission medium in the context of this disclosure is a device-readable medium. 
     Although an aspect has been described with reference to specific exemplary aspects, it will be evident that various modifications and changes may be made to these aspects without departing from the broader scope of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense. This Detailed Description, therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of various aspects is defined only by the appended claims, along with the full range of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20191127
Publication Date: 20240514
Grant Date: 20240514
Priority Date: 20181212
Inventors: CHINCHOLI, AMITH VIKRAM
TSANGAROPOULOS, Anthony
VERMA, SUMIT
MOTAMED, MARIAM
BHOJKUMAR, DIVYAPRAKASH
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H04W52/367", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B17/14", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W52/06", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W52/262", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W52/367", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W52/367", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W88/06", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B17/14", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W52/262", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B17/14", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W52/06", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W52/262", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 71075380