PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-9063697-B2
Application Number: US-201113179428-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Highly portable media devices

Abstract:
An improved portable media device and methods for operating a media device are disclosed.

Claims:
The invention claimed is: 
     
       1. An electrical connector for coupling a portable media player to a host computer, the connector comprising:
 an axial plug having a plurality of axially oriented and spatially separated contacts including first and second data contacts, a power contact and a ground contact; 
 a plug and play connector having a plurality of contacts corresponding to and electrically coupled to the axial plug contacts, the plug and play connector being configured to connect to the host computer so that when the axial plug is connected to the media player, the host computer is coupled with the media player; and 
 a base having an opening partially recessed within a top surface of the base, the opening having an inner peripheral surface sized and dimensioned to receive an end of the portable media player, wherein the axial plug extends outward from a bottom surface of the opening and is positioned so that when the portable media player is placed in the opening the axial plug engages an integrated connector port on the portable media player. 
 
     
     
       2. The electrical connector set forth in  claim 1  further comprising a guide post disposed within and extending out from a bottom surface of the opening, wherein the guide post includes alignment surfaces that correspond to surfaces of a void in the portable media player which allows the guide post to facilitate insertion of the portable media player within the opening. 
     
     
       3. The electrical connector set forth in  claim 1  wherein the first and second data contacts on the axial plug act as D+ and D− data lines. 
     
     
       4. The electrical connector set forth in  claim 1  wherein the plug and play connector is a Universal Serial Bus (USB) connector. 
     
     
       5. The electrical connector set forth in  claim 1  wherein the plug and play connector is a Firewire connector. 
     
     
       6. The electrical connector set forth in  claim 1  further comprising a cable connected between the axial plug connector and the plug and play connector. 
     
     
       7. The electrical connector set forth in  claim 6  wherein the first and second data contacts on the axial plug act as D+ and D− data lines. 
     
     
       8. The electrical connector set forth in  claim 6  wherein the plug and play connector is a Universal Serial Bus (USB) connector. 
     
     
       9. The electrical connector set forth in  claim 6  wherein the plug and play connector is a Firewire connector. 
     
     
       10. A method of enabling data transfer between a host computer and a portable media player having a connector jack with an axial opening adapted to receive a male audio plug, the method comprising:
 providing a connector with an axial plug at one end and a plug and play connector at another end, the axial plug having a plurality of axially oriented and spatially separated contacts including first and second data contacts, a power contact and a ground contact, the plug and play connector having a plurality of contacts corresponding to and electrically coupled to the axial plug contacts; and 
 connecting the axial plug to the connector jack on the portable media player and connecting the plug and play connector to the host computer to enable the portable media player to communicate with the host computer. 
 
     
     
       11. The method set forth in  claim 10  wherein the plug and play connector is a Universal Serial Bus (USB) connector. 
     
     
       12. The method set forth in  claim 10  wherein the plug and play connector is a Firewire connector. 
     
     
       13. An electrical connector for coupling a portable media player to a host computer, the connector comprising:
 an axial plug having a plurality of axially oriented and spatially separated contacts including first and second data contacts, a power contact and a ground contact; 
 a plug and play connector having a plurality of contacts corresponding to and electrically coupled to the axial plug contacts, the plug and play connector being configured to connect to the host computer so that when the axial plug is connected to the media player, the host computer can communicate with the media player; and 
 a base having an opening to receive a portion of the portable media player, wherein the axial plug extends outwardly from base so that when the portable media player is placed in the opening the axial plug engages the portable media player. 
 
     
     
       14. The electrical connector set forth in  claim 13 , further comprising: a guide post disposed within and extending out from a bottom surface of the opening, wherein the guide post includes alignment surfaces that correspond to surfaces of a void in the portable media player, the guide post facilitating insertion of the portable media player within the opening. 
     
     
       15. The electrical connector set forth in  claim 14  wherein the guide post includes rounded sides. 
     
     
       16. The electrical connector set forth in  claim 13  wherein the first and second data contacts on the axial plug act as D+ and D− data lines. 
     
     
       17. The electrical connector set forth in  claim 13  wherein the plug and play connector is a Universal Serial Bus (USB) connector. 
     
     
       18. The electrical connector set forth in  claim 13  wherein the plug and play connector is a Firewire connector.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/739,489, filed Apr. 24, 2007, entitled “HIGHLY PORTABLE MEDIA DEVICES”, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/844,128, filed Sep. 11, 2006, entitled, “HIGHLY PORTABLE MEDIA DEVICES”, all of which are incorporated by reference herein. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Description of the Related Art 
     The present invention relates to media devices and, more specifically, to portable media players that store and utilize digital media assets. 
     2. Field of the Invention 
     Today, USB drives, also referred to as Flash drives or keychain drives, are popular portable data storage devices. A USB drive can be used in place of other storage mediums such as floppy disks, CDs, DVDs, zip drive disks, etc. In most cases, the USB drive is a plug and play device that includes Flash memory for storing data and a USB connector for connecting to a host device. While these devices work well, they are limited in the operations that they can perform. These devices are only configured for storing and transporting stored data (similar to other portable storage mediums) and therefore they do not include processing components, batteries for powering the processing components, or a user interface that enable users to communicate with the processing components. 
     Portable media players, also referred to as MP3 players, are also popular today. Portable media players can be grouped into three different categories: those with removable media storage, such as CD or DVD players; those with internal hard drives; and those that store media in non-volatile memory. Each category of portable media player has advantages and drawbacks in terms of size, functionality, battery life, and media storage capabilities. 
     Those portable media players that store media in non-volatile memory are commonly referred to as Flash MP3 players or Flash media players. Flash media players are often smaller than other types of portable media players. One problem common to many conventional Flash media players is that their small size often results in difficult-to-use media player controls. Although conventional Flash media players typically incorporate a display so that a user can navigate through the media files that are stored on the device, the display adds to the size, weight and power consumption. Even with a display, the media player controls are often not user friendly. 
     Another common problem with conventional Flash media players is bulky batteries, which are typically required to provide a reasonably long battery life before having to recharge the player or replace the player&#39;s batteries. Conventionally, media player designs have been made larger in order to accommodate improved user controls, batteries, and/or a display. 
     As portable media players have become more popular, there has been an increased demand for improved media player design. Thus, there remains a need for media players having improved user controls, small sizes, and longer battery life. 
     SUMMARY OF THE DESCRIBED EMBODIMENTS 
     The invention relates, in one embodiment, to a portable media player. The portable media player includes a housing with a front surface and a back surface. The portable media player also includes a memory disposed within the housing. The memory is configured to store a plurality of digital media assets and data files. The portable media player additionally includes a media control input arrangement located at the front surface of the housing. The media control input arrangement enables a user of the portable media player to select at least one of the digital media assets to be presented. The portable media player further includes an integrated attachment mechanism located at the back surface of the housing. The portable media player is wearable through the use of the attachment mechanism. 
     The invention relates, in another embodiment, to a portable media player that does not have a display. The portable media player includes a housing with a front surface and a back surface. The back surface includes no I/O components. The portable media player also includes a non volatile memory disposed within the housing. The non volatile memory is configured to store a plurality of digital media assets and data files. The portable media player further includes a single media control input arrangement located at the front surface of the housing. The media control input arrangement enables a user of the portable media player to control various aspects of the portable media player. The portable media player additionally includes a controller operatively coupled to the memory and the media player input arrangement. The controller operates to play the selected at least one media asset. 
     The invention relates, in another embodiment, to a portable media player. The portable media player includes a housing. The portable media player also includes a single integrated connector port extending into the housing. The single integrated connector port is the only portal for distributing data, power and media to and from the portable media player. The portable media player further includes a memory module disposed within the housing and configured to store data files and a plurality of digital media assets. The data files and a plurality of digital media assets being transferred through the single integrated connector port. The portable media player additionally includes a media module disposed within the housing and configured to provide media operations on the portable media player. The media module cooperates with the non volatile electronic memory device to retrieve media assets therefrom. The media module presents the media assets to a user of the portable electronic device through the single integrated connector port. Moreover, the portable media player includes a power module disposed within the housing and configured to control power operations of the portable media player for the purpose of powering or charging the portable media player. The power module receives power through the single integrated connector port. 
     The invention relates, in another embodiment, to a docking system. The docking system includes a portable media player. The portable media player includes a housing having a front surface, side surfaces, and a back surface; a single media control input arrangement located at the front surface of the housing; a single integrated connector port located at a side surface of the housing and an integrated clip mounted at the back surface of the housing; and the clip including a platform that is spaced apart from the back surface thereby creating a void therebetween. The docking system also includes a docking station. The docking station includes a base with a slot partially recessed within the top surface of the base. The recess is configured to receive an end of the portable media player that includes the single integrated connector port. The inner peripheral surface of the recess is sized and dimensioned to receive the outer peripheral surface of the portable media player including the front surface of the housing and the outer surface of the platform. The docking station also includes a single integrated connector plug that engages the single integrated connector port when the portable media player is placed in the recess of the docking station. The interface between the connector port and the connector plug is configured for distributing data, power and media. 
     The invention relates, in another embodiment, to a portable electronic device capable of operating as a removable storage medium when connected to a host computing device, and capable of operating as a media player when disconnected from the host computing device. The portable electronic device includes a housing with a front surface, first side surface, second side surface and a back surface. The portable electronic device also includes a non volatile memory disposed within the housing. The memory is configured to store a plurality of digital audio assets and data files. The portable electronic device further includes a rechargeable battery disposed within the housing and configured to provide power to the portable media player as necessary at least when disconnected from a power source. The portable electronic device additionally includes a single integrated media control input arrangement located at the front surface of the housing. The media control arrangement is embodied as a clickable button actuator including a plurality of integrated outer buttons provided in a circular arrangement around a center button. The center button initiating play/pause. The outer buttons including buttons for initiating skip to previous media asset, skip to next media asset, volume up and volume down. 
     Moreover, the portable electronic device includes a switch arrangement located at the first side surface. The switch arrangement is configured to at least select a media play mode. The play mode is one of a continuous play mode and a shuffle play mode. The portable electronic device also includes a single integrated connector located at the second side surface. The single integrated connector includes capabilities for transferring digital media assets and data files between the portable media player and a host, transmitting power to the portable media player from a power source, and outputting digital audio assets for listening enjoyment. The portable electronic device further includes one or more indicators located on the side surfaces of the housing. The indicators provide user feedback or status information for the portable media player. The portable media player not including a display. The portable electronic device additionally includes a controller operatively coupled to the memory, media player input arrangement, switch arrangement, connector and indicators, the controller operating to play the selected at least one media asset. The portable electronic device also includes a clip integrated with the housing and located at the back surface of the housing, the portable media player being wearable through the use of the clip. The clip includes a platform having substantially the same profile as the back surface of the housing. The clip includes a platform attached to the back surface and moving between an open position where an article of clothing can be positioned for entrapment, and closed position where the article of clothing is trapped between the platform and the back surface of the housing thereby securing the portable media player to the article of clothing. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The invention will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like structural elements, and in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a diagram of a portable media device according to one embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective diagram of a portable media device according to one embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 3  is a perspective diagram of a portable media device according to one embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 4  is a perspective diagram of a portable media device according to one embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 5  is a perspective diagram of a portable media device according to one embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 6  is a front diagram of a portable media device shown in  FIGS. 4 and 5 . 
         FIG. 7  is a rear diagram of a portable media device shown in  FIGS. 4 and 5 . 
         FIG. 8  is a first side diagram of a portable media device shown in  FIGS. 4 and 5 . 
         FIG. 9  is a second side diagram of a portable media device shown in  FIGS. 4 and 5 . 
         FIG. 10  is a third side diagram of a portable media device shown in  FIGS. 4 and 5 . 
         FIG. 11  is a fourth side diagram of a portable media device shown in  FIGS. 4 and 5 . 
         FIGS. 12A and 12B  illustrate a media device seated within a user&#39;s hand. 
         FIG. 13  is a diagram of a control input device according to one embodiment. 
         FIG. 14  is a diagram of a single integrated connector according to one embodiment. 
         FIG. 15  is a diagram of a hinge mechanism according to one embodiment. 
         FIG. 16A  is a perspective diagram of a docking station according to one embodiment. 
         FIG. 16B  shows the media device plugged into a docking station, which is connected to a laptop computer according to one embodiment. 
         FIGS. 17A and 17B  show two examples of media output devices that can be plugged into a media device according to one embodiment. 
         FIG. 18  is a perspective diagram of a portable media device according to an alternate embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 19  is a perspective diagram of a portable media device according to an alternate embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 20  is a block diagram of a media device according to one embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 21  is a block diagram of a media management system according to one embodiment of the invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     In general, the invention relates to a media device and methods for operating a media device. The invention is particularly suitable for use with portable media players. 
     One aspect of the invention pertains to compact portable media devices that include non volatile memory such as flash. The media device may for example have a base volume less than or equal to 15,000 mm3, base dimensions less than or equal to 50 mm×30 mm×10 mm, and a base weight less than or equal to 20 grams. More particularly, the media device may have a base volume less than or equal to about 8230 mm3, base dimensions less than or equal to 41.2 mm×27.3 mm×6 mm, and a base weight less than or equal to 16 grams. The overall sized may vary according to add-ons or additional features such as attachment mechanisms. Because of their decreased size and weight, the portable media devices are extremely portable and easily transportable. Thus, they may be carried by people when performing physical activities such as walking, running, cycling, stair climbing, etc. In some cases, the devices are held in the user&#39;s hand, while in other cases the devices are carried or worn by the user thus freeing their hands. They may even be attachable to an article of clothing or similar article such as a backpack without requiring an extremely strong holding mechanism. 
     Another aspect of the invention pertains to portable media device that include limited I/O devices while still providing all the necessary inputs and some feedback. In one embodiment, the media device does not include a display. As should be appreciated, displays typically require a large area of the media device for operation thereof and therefore the size of the media device can be minimized by the elimination of the display. 
     In another embodiment, the portable media player includes a single integrated navigation control. The integrated navigation control may for example include typical media controls such as volume +/−, next (fast forward), previous (rewind), play/pause. In one implementation, the single navigation control is embodied as a circular input device. In another implementation, the integrated navigation control is disposed on the front surface of the portable media device. In fact, the integrated navigation control may substantially fill the entire front surface. This maximizes the ratio of control size to size of media device, which is beneficial for keeping the device small but still allowing ease of use. By way of example, the ratio of front housing surface area to navigation control area may be less than or equal to about 3:1, more particularly less than or equal to about 2:1, and even more particularly about 1:1. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the ratio may be between about 3:1 to about 1:1, and more particularly between about 2.85:1 to about 2.3:1. 
     Furthermore, the media device may include two or fewer switches. The switches may for example include on/off, hold, and modal switches. In this particular implementation, the switches may be disposed on the side surface of the portable media device so that both the navigation controls and switches are accessible with a single thumb when held in a single hand (no U.I is located on the back surface). 
     In addition, the portable media device may include a single integrated connector thereby reducing the space necessary for connectivity to other devices. The single integrated connector may for example include functionalities for uploading/downloading data, transmitting power, and outputting media such as audio. In one embodiment, the single integrated connector is further embodied as an internal axial jack thereby minimizing its impact at the surface of the media device. 
     As should be appreciated, most connectors for interfacing with media devices are laterally spaced side by side thereby requiring an elongated extended connector area, which is difficult to minimize and place on small compact portable media devices. In contrast, the jack of the present invention includes a point based opening that extends into the media device, rather than being spread about the surface of the media device. The opening includes axially spaced contacts along its axis that come into contact with corresponding contacts when a plug is inserted into the opening along the axis. Furthermore, the connection doesn&#39;t require a specific position. It is 360 degrees symmetric, thereby allowing the plug to be inserted at any position. The user therefore does not have to think when coupling the plug to the jack. In one implementation therefore the media device does not include an elongated ports that have lateral side by side contacts such as for example conventional USB and Firewire ports. 
     Another aspect of the invention pertains to portable media devices that include an attachment mechanism for securing the portable media device to an article of clothing or similar article such as a back pack. In one embodiment, the attachment mechanism is a clip that is integrated with the housing of the portable media device and that moves between a closed position, trapping the article of clothing between the clip and the housing of the media device, and an open position, where the article of clothing is free from entrapment. When the clip is in the closed position, the portable media device can be worn by the user. For example, the clip may be used to secure the media device to a pants, shirt, belt, pocket, hat, wrist band, shoe, and the like. In most cases, the clip is spring loaded in order to bias the clip in the closed position thereby helping secure the media device to the article. In addition, the chip is typically attached to the back surface of the media device thereby freeing the accessible surfaces of the media device for input controls. 
     Embodiments of the invention are discussed below with reference to  FIGS. 1-21 . However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the detailed description given herein with respect to these figures is for explanatory purposes as the invention extends beyond these limited embodiments. 
       FIG. 1  is a diagram of a portable media device  100  according to one embodiment of the invention. The media device  100  is a portable device including hardware for providing media and data capabilities. The portable media device  100  can couple to a host device such as a computer in order to transfer data between the media device  100  and the host device. This may be done directly (connector to connector) or indirectly (through cables or a docking station). In one embodiment, the media device  100  is plug and play device. The term plug and play (PnP) generally refers to functionality that gives users the ability to connect a device to a host device and have the host device recognize the device with little or no user input. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , the media device  100  includes a housing  102  that encloses internally the components of the media device  100 . The shape and size of the housing  102  may be widely varied. In one embodiment, the housing  102  includes a substantially rectangular front and back surface, and substantially rectangular side surfaces when viewed diagramically. In some cases, the side surfaces may be partially or entirely rounded. For example, the cross section taken along one axis that extends across the front and back surfaces may be pill shaped, i.e., rectangle with rounded sides. Furthermore, the housing may include various raised sections. In another embodiment, the housing  102  is cylindrical such that the front and back surfaces are circular. 
     The media device  100  also includes a connectivity module  104  configured to control interactions with one or more devices or systems that can be coupled to the media device  10 . The connectivity module  104  may for example control the reception and transmission of power, data and media between the appropriate components of the media device  100  and various external devices or systems that desire to communicate with the appropriate components of the media device. The external devices may be connected to the connectivity module  104  through wired or wireless connections. 
     In one embodiment, the connectivity module  104  is connected to a connector arrangement  105  that allows interaction through a physical wired connection (through the housing  102 ). The connector arrangement  105  may include one or more connectors for the purpose of distributing power, data and media. By way of example, the connectors may include media jacks, data ports, power terminals and the like. Media may for example correspond to audio, images, video, etc. Data may correspond to serial, parallel, USB, Firewire, etc. 
     In one particular embodiment, the media device  100  only includes a single integrated connector in order to save space thereby allowing the media device  100  to be smaller. The single integrated connector integrates the functionality of multiple connectors into a single connector. For example, the single integrated connector may include power, data and media functionality, thereby allowing power delivery, data communications and media transmissions (e.g., audio, video) to occur at a single location. 
     The single connector may be widely varied. In one implementation, the connector is an internal jack that extends into the housing and that receives an axial plug along a connection axis. The jack includes axially spaced terminals or contacts for enabling each of its functions (e.g., power, data, and media). The terminals come into contact with corresponding contacts when an axial plug is inserted into the jack. As such, the jack is capable of receiving a headphone or speaker plug associated with headphones/speakers so that audio media can be supplied to headphones/speakers and/or a video plug associated with displays so that video media can be supplied to displays. The jack is also capable of receiving a data plug configured for transmitting and receiving data to and from a host device. By way of example, the jack may be used to upload or down load audio, video and other media to and from the media device  100 . The jack is also capable of receiving a power plug configured for delivering powering to the media player  100 . The jack may also be configured to receive an integrated plug that includes multiple functionality similar to the integrated jack as for example data/power, power/media, data/media or media/data/power. 
     The media device  100  also includes a memory module  106  for storing data. The data can be transferred back and forth between the media device  100  and the host device when the media device  100  is attached to the host device. The data may include media files (e.g., audio tracks), data files, and/or the like. The memory module  106  may be widely varied. In one particular embodiment, the memory module  106  is non-volatile memory, such as solid-state memory (e.g., Flash memory). Solid-state memory has many advantages over other types of memory devices. One advantage of the solid-state memory is that it tends to be very robust because there are no moving parts to break or skip (e.g., embodiment as an integrated circuit chip). Another advantage of solid-state memory is that the memory device tends to be small and lightweight and therefore lends itself to the portability of the media device  100 . Any number of non-volatile memory chips may be used to achieve the desired memory capacity. In one example, the memory capacity is configured to be about 1 GB. In another example, memory capacity is configured to be about 2 GB. In another example, memory capacity is configured to be about 512 MB. 
     The media device  100  also includes a media module  108  for controlling media operations on the media device  100 . The media can, for example, be audio, video, images and/or the like. The media module  108  may, for example, be used to present (e.g., play) media on the media device  100 . Hence, the media device  100  can be considered a media player. The media module  108  cooperates with the memory module  106  to store and retrieve media data. For example, the media module  108  may access the memory module  106  to obtain or deliver media data such as audio tracks (e.g., songs). The media module also cooperates with the connectivity module when media is to be presented out of the connector arrangement  105 . 
     The media device  100  also includes a power module  110  for controlling power operations of the media device  100 . The power module  110  may for example communicate with an on-board battery  111  that provides power to the media device  100 . The on-board battery  111  can, for example, power the media device  100  so that the media device  100  can be fully portable and operate when disconnected from any host device. The on-board battery  111  may be a fixed charged battery that needs to be replaced from time to time or the on-board battery may be a rechargeable battery. By way of example, the on-board battery  111  may be an alkaline battery, NiCad battery, Lithium Ion battery, or other type of battery. Rechargeable batteries are typically preferred over fixed charged batteries since they rarely have to be replaced (ease of use). In some cases, the rechargeable battery can be charged through the power functionality of the connector  105  when the connector  105  is operatively coupled to a host device. In other cases, the rechargeable battery can be charged through the power functionality of the connector  105  when the connector  105  is operatively coupled to an external power source such as a standard power plug in conjunction with a transformer/rectifier. 
     The media device  100  also includes one or more input devices  112  used to make selections or issue commands for the media device  100 . By way of example, the input devices  112  may be selected from buttons, switches, keypads, wheels, joysticks, joy pads, touch screens, touch pads, track balls, and/or the like. 
     In one embodiment, the media device  100  includes one or more sliding switches that slide between various positions in order to change the state or mode of the media device  100 . For example, in the case in which the media device  100  provides playing of audio tracks (e.g., music or songs), the sliding switch may include an off position, a shuffle play mode position, and/or a continuous play mode position. When the sliding switch is in the off position, the audio functionality of the media device  100  is turned off. When in the continuous play mode position, the media device  100  plays audio tracks in some predetermined order (e.g., alphabetically by composer or song title). When in the shuffle play mode position, the media device  100  randomly selects a group of audio tracks and then plays the audio tracks in the selected order. 
     In another embodiment, the media device includes one or more clickable buttons that may be clicked in order to control some aspect of the media device  100 . For example, in the case of the media device  100  that includes audio functionality, the clickable buttons may correspond to commands such as previous, next, volume up, volume down and play/pause. In one particular implementation, the clickable buttons may be embodied as a circular input arrangement. For example, an inner button and an outer navigation pad. In another implementation, the clickable buttons may be integrated into a single unit. Alternatively, the clickable buttons may be replaced with touch sensitive devices (e.g., touch pad). 
     The media device  100  also includes one or more output devices  114 . The output devices  114  are configured to transfer data from the media device  100  to the outside world. The output devices  114  can, for example, be used to output audio or visual or tactile information to the user. The output devices  114  may be selected from speakers, audio jacks, video jacks, indicators, haptics mechanism, and/or the like. 
     Although conventional media devices mandate use of displays (display screens), such as liquid crystal displays (LCDs), for user interaction, the media device  100  advantageously need not include such a display. In one particular implementation, the media device  100  does not include a display, but includes (i) a jack for supplying audio output to a headset or external speakers and (ii) one or more indicators that provide user feedback and/or status of the media device. For example, the indicators may inform the user when a particular input device  112  has been actuated or may inform the user of status of battery life. By eliminating a display, the media device  100  can not only have a small form factor and be highly portable, but also reduce power consumption of the media device and therefore extend the life of the battery  111 . As a result, the media device  100  can be used for longer periods of time without recharging or changing the on-board battery  111 . In addition, the complexity, cost and damage susceptibility is reduced. 
     The position of the I/O devices  112  and  114  relative to the housing  102  may be widely varied. For example, the I/O devices  112  and  114  may be placed at any external surface of the housing  102  that is accessible to a user during manipulation of the media device  100  (e.g., top, side, front, or back). 
     In one embodiment, the input devices  112  are generally positioned at locations that allow for one-handed operation of the input device  112 , and more particularly at locations that allow manipulation with a single finger while holding the media device  100  with one hand. In one particular implementation, the input devices  112  are placed at front and/or side surface of the housing  102 . The input devices  112  can therefore be actuated by a thumb of a user&#39;s hand when the media device  100  is held by the fingers of the user&#39;s hand. The output devices  114  are typically placed at locations that allow access thereto when the media device  100  is held in the user&#39;s hand. The output devices  114  may, for example, be placed proximate the input devices  112  so that they can be accessed when the user is manipulating the input devices  112 . By orienting the I/O devices  112  and  114  in this manner, the media device  100  does not have to be constantly repositioned in order to effectively utilize the I/O devices  112  and  114 . For example, undesirable repositioning may be necessary if buttons are placed in a row from the top to bottom of the device. 
     The media device  100  may integrate all the components described above into a single all-in-one unit, i.e., all the elements are contained within or positioned on the housing  102  of the media device  100 . As a result, no support devices are needed (such as attachable battery packs, attachment mechanisms or I/O devices) when operating the media device  100  away from a host device, i.e., the media device  100  is capable of both storing data as well as controlling, playing and outputting media when on the go. 
     The media device  100  may also include an attachment mechanism  116  integrated with the housing  102  for enabling the media device to be easily carried or worn by a user. As a result, the media device is easy to transport and manipulate when on the go. The attachment mechanism may be widely varied. For example, it may include a strap, neck cord, clip, etc. 
     In one embodiment, the attachment mechanism  116  includes a clip. The clip  118  typically includes a platform that is hinged to the housing  102  of the media device  100 . The hinge may be spring biased thereby creating a pinching action for clipping the media device  100  onto an article of clothing or other similar article. For example, the platform may be moved between an open position where a space is provided between the housing and platform for placement of an article, and a closed position where the clip is biased into engagement with the housing thereby attaching the media device to the article. In some cases, the platform and housing may include engaging teeth to help secure an article disposed therebetween. In one implementation, the platform follows substantially the profile of the housing, i.e., has generally the same shape as the surface it is attached to. 
     The position of the attachment mechanism  116  and more particularly the clip relative to the housing  102  may be widely varied. For example, the clip may be placed at any external surface of the housing  102 . In most cases, it is placed at a location away from the I/O devices  112  and  114  so as to maintain accessibility for the I/O devices. In one implementation, the clip is placed at the back surface of the housing away from the I/O devices located at the front and side surfaces. 
     Alternatively or additionally, and although not shown, the media device  100  may include imaging components for capturing and viewing images. In cases such as these, the media device  100  may act like a camera. By way of example, the media device may include a CCD or CMOS sensor that communicates with the memory and media modules. Moreover, the media device may include integrated microphone, FM transmitter and the like. 
       FIGS. 2 and 3  are perspective diagrams of a portable media device  200  according to one embodiment of the invention. The media device  200  can represent one implementation of the media device  100  illustrated in  FIG. 1 . The media device  200  is in the form of an integrated compact unit that can be easily held in one hand. The portable media device  200  combines the functionality of a media player with a memory device so that the portable media device  200  is capable of both presenting (e.g., playing) media (e.g., music) and storing various data files when on the go. The memory device can be used to store data files and media data (such as songs and playlists), and the media player can be used to play the media data stored in memory and in accordance with a playlist. 
     Typically, the media device  200  acts like a storage device (data can be transferred to and from the media device  200 ) when connected to a host device, and acts as a media player (music player) when removed from the host device (songs can be played). Alternatively or additionally, the media device  200  may act like a media player (music player) when connected to a host device (i.e., can be used to drive playing of music on the host device). It should be emphasized that all the components needed to support these devices when removed from the host device are contained within or positioned on the media device  200 . No other support devices are needed to operate the components of the media device  200  (e.g., contains a battery and I/O devices). 
     As shown in  FIGS. 2 and 3 , the portable media device  200  includes a housing  202  that defines the shape or form of the device  200 . That is, the contour of the housing  202  may embody the outward physical appearance of the media device  200 . The housing  202  also encloses and supports internally various electrical components of the media device  200  (including integrated circuit chips and other circuitry). By way of example, the electrical components may include a processor, memory, battery, I/O control circuitry and the like. In some cases, the electrical components are positioned on a substrate or carrier such as a Printed Circuit Board (PCB). The substrate or carrier provides a structure for carrying the electrical components during assembly and supporting them when assembled inside the housing  202 . 
     In one embodiment, the housing  202  includes a tube like main body  203 A and end caps  203 B that close off the ends of the tube like main body  203 A. The main body  203 A and ends caps  203 B may be formed from the same of different materials depending on the needs of the device. By way of example, the body  203 A and end caps  203 B may be formed from metals, plastics, ceramics, etc. Furthermore, they may be formed from the same or different process. For example, they may be formed via injection molding, pressing, extrusion, etc. In one particular implementation, the tube like main body  203 A is formed out of aluminum via an extrusion process, and the end caps  203 B are formed out of plastic via injection molding process. 
     By way of example, the media device  200  including the housing and internal components may be assembled similarly to the invention disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/884,172, which is herein incorporated by reference. 
     The media device  200  also includes a connector  204  that extends into a first end cap  203 B of the housing  202 . The connector  204  is configured for receiving a corresponding connector so that input power, I/O data and/or output media may be transferred between the media device  200  and devices coupled thereto. The connector  204  may be used to upload or download media, or other data to and from the media device  200 . For example, the connector  204  may be used to download songs, playlists, audio books, eBooks, and the like into a memory device within the media device  200 . The connector  204  may also serve as the interface for powering and charging the media device  200 . For example, a rechargeable battery can be charged when the portable media device  900  is connected to a power source or host device via the connector  204 . The connector  204  may also serve as the interface for outputting media such as audio to a media outlet (e.g., as speaker or headphones). The connector  204  may, for example, correspond to an axial jack that extends into the housing through the first end cap  203 B. The axial jack includes axially oriented and spatially separated contacts or terminals (e.g., power, audio, video, data terminals). The terminals may be dedicated to each functionality, and in some cases the terminals may be shared. 
     The media device  200  also includes a clickable button actuator  208  located on the front of the housing  202  and a pair of sliding modal switches  214 A and  214 B located at the second end cap of the housing  202 . In such an embodiment, there are no input devices on the back of the media device  200 . Advantageously, inputs can be easily made with the thumb while the rest of the hand holds the media device. Each of these input devices  208  and  214  allows a user to interact with the media device  200 , i.e., provide user inputs. The clickable button actuator  208  provides playback controls for the media player aspect of the media device  200 , while the sliding modal switches  214  A and B provide a means for switching between various modes of the media player. More generally, the clickable button actuator  208  is a control input device. 
     To elaborate, the clickable button actuator  208  includes a plurality of peripheral buttons  210  that surround a center button  212 . In one particular embodiment, the clickable button actuator  208  has a circular arrangement. The peripheral buttons  210  may be separate devices that each provides their own clicking action or they may be integrated into a single device that provides a plurality of clicking actions. If the latter, the single device can be divided into a plurality of independent and spatially distinct button zones. The button zones represent regions of the single device that may be tilted or depressed relative to the housing  202  in order to implement a distinct clicking action. 
     Although not shown, in one embodiment, the clicking actions are arranged to actuate one or more movement indicators contained inside the housing  202 . That is, a particular button or button zone  210 ,  212  moving from a first position (e.g., upright) to a second position (e.g., depressed) is caused to actuate a movement indicator. The movement indicators are configured to detect movements (e.g., a clicking action) and to send signals corresponding to the movements to a controller of the media device  200 . By way of example, the movement indicators may be switches, sensors and/or the like. In most cases, there is a movement indicator for each button or button zone  210 ,  212 . 
     In the case of a media player, the peripheral buttons  210  may correspond to previous (rewind), next (fast forward), volume up and volume down, and the center button  212  may correspond to play/pause. In some embodiments, one or more of the media device controls are overloaded such that it has more than one function. For example, the pause/play control can function as a hold button, disabling the media device controls to prevent accidental control inputs (e.g., when the media device is in a pocket). In this embodiment, the pause/play control is pressed and held down for a predetermined period of time (e.g., 3 seconds) to initiate the media device control hold. To cancel the hold, the pause/play control is pressed and held in the same manner as used to initiate the media device control hold. 
     As shown in  FIG. 3 , each of the sliding modal switches  214  include a sliding member  216  capable of translating between two or more positions in order to adjust the state or mode of the media device  200 . In all of these cases, the sliding member  216  is configured to be part of or actuate one or more movement indicators. The movement indicators are configured to detect movements of the sliding member  216  during the sliding action and to send signals corresponding to the movements to a controller of the media device  200 . In some cases, detents may be provided at each position in order to inform a user when the sliding member  216  is located at each of the positions. The detents, or other means, may provide force feedback and/or auditory signals, such as clicking sounds, to its user. The detents may also be used to help hold the sliding member in its desired position. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the sliding member  216 A moves between a first position which turns off the media player, and a second position which turns on the media player. In addition, the sliding member  216 B moves between a first position which sets the media player in a shuffle mode, and a second position which sets the media player in a continuous play mode. Generally, in the shuffle play mode, the media device plays through a group of media assets in a random order. In the continuous play mode, on the other hand, the media device plays through the list of media assets according to a default order. Furthermore, the off position allows a user to power off the portable media device while the on position allows a user to power up the portable media device. 
     The media device  200  does not include a display, but does however include one or more indicators  220  that indicate events associated with the media device  200 . By way of example, the events may relate to signals, conditions or status of the media device  200 . In one embodiment, the indicators  220 , which can include light sources such as light emitting diodes (LED), are typically normally not illuminated but are illuminated for a limited duration when an event occurs. Furthermore, the indicators  220  may turn on and off (e.g., blink) or cycle with increasing or decreasing intensity, and in some cases may even change colors in order to provide more detailed information about the event that is being monitored. In general, the indicators  220  can also be referred to as status indicators or media device status indicators. 
     The indicators  220  may be conventional indicators that typically include a small clear plastic insert, which is located in front of the LED, and which is inserted within an opening in the housing thus causing it to exist at the surface of the housing. The LED itself may also be placed in the opening in the housing rather than using an insert. Alternatively, the indicator  220  can be configured not to break the surface of the housing. In this configuration, the light source is disposed entirely inside the housing  202 . The indicator  220  can be configured to illuminate a portion of the housing  202  thereby causing the housing  202  to change its appearance, i.e., change its color. By way of example, a change in color may indicate a change in status of the media device  200 . During operation, an indicator light appears on the surface of the housing  202  when the indicator  220  is on, and it disappears from the surface of the housing  202  when the indicator  220  is off. One advantage of this type of indicator is that there is no trace of the indicator when the indicator is off. In other words, the indicator can be perceived only when the indication (e.g., indicator light) is turned on. Furthermore, the indicator avoids substantial breaks, lines, pits or protrusions in the surface of the housing  202 , which are aesthetically unpleasing and degrade the look of the media device  200 . Example of indicators of this type are disclosed in greater detail in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/773,897, filed Feb. 6, 2004 and entitled “ACTIVE ENCLOSURE FOR COMPUTING DEVICE,” which is herein incorporated by reference. 
     In any of the examples given above, the indicators  220  can be implemented by one or more LEDs. If more than one LED is used, the one or more LEDs can have different colors to indicate different media device states. The one or more LEDs can be placed such that they are located in close proximity to each other so it appears to a user that a single indicator changes color as the media device status changes. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the media device  200  includes a condition or control indicator  220 A and a status indicator  220 B. The control indicator  220 A is located on one side of the housing  202  (first end cap). The control indicator  220 A is configured to alert or inform a user when a selection has been made via the input device  208 . That is, the control indicator  220 A provides user feedback so that the user knows that a selection has been successfully made. 
     The status indicator  220 B, on the other hand, is located on the opposite side of the housing  202  (second end cap) opposite the control indicator  220 A. The status indicator  220 B is configured to alert the user to a particular status, particularly the life of the battery of the media device  200 . The status indicator  220 B can, for example, be illuminated green when the battery is fully charged, yellow when the battery is low, and red when the battery is dangerously low. The status indicator  220 B can also flash on and off (blink) when the battery is critically low. The status indicator  220 B may be an always-on indicator that always presents status information, or it may be an on-call indicator that only presents status information when prompted by the user. In the latter case, a button may be provided to activate the status indicator. When the user presses the button, the status indicator presents the status information for some predetermined amount of time (e.g., a few seconds). 
     In one embodiment, two LEDs of different colors are used as the indicator  220 A. In this embodiment, a first color LED is used to give a user visual feedback corresponding to the user operating one or more user controls. A second color is used to give the user visual feedback that the media device is being charged. The first color LED can blink once each time a user operates a first user control (e.g., a volume control) on the user control panel  905 . If a second user control (e.g., a play/pause control) on the user control panel  905  is operated, then the first color LED blinks steadily while the selected action continues. According to this embodiment, the second color LED, which emits a different color than the first color LED, blinks steadily while the media device is charging, for example, when the media device is plugged into a connector capable of supplying power to the media device. 
     In one embodiment, three LEDs of different colors are used to implement the indicator  220 B. In this embodiment, each of the three colors of LED is used to give a user visual feedback corresponding to a different battery condition. In order to conserve battery life, in some embodiments, the media indicator  220 B is activated by a user control (not shown), such that the indicator  220 B operates for a short period of time (e.g., 5 seconds) after the user operates the user control. 
     For example, in one implementation, the first color LED lights up to indicate that a battery that powers the media device is mostly charged. Over time, as the media device is operated, the battery discharges to a first predetermined voltage indicative of a partially charged battery. Accordingly, the first color LED switches off and second color LED lights up to indicate to the user that the battery has partially discharged. As the battery continues to discharge to a second predetermined voltage, the second color LEDs switches off and a third color LED lights up to indicate to the user that the battery is mostly discharged. Finally, when the battery is almost completely discharged, a single LED (of any color) blinks steadily to indicate to the user that the media device is preparing to shut down because the battery level is insufficient to continue operating the media device. Thereafter, the media device status indicator ceases to give any indication (i.e., none of the LEDs light up) indicating to the user that the battery is substantially completely discharged and must be recharged before the media device can be used again. 
     The size and weight of the media device can be widely varied. Generally, the media device is sized and weighted for being handheld and easily manipulated with a single hand. In fact, in most cases, it is sized such that it can be held and manipulated with only two fingers (such as index+thumb). In one embodiment, the length of the media device is less than 50 mm, the width of the media device is less than 30 mm, and the thickness of the media device is less than 10 mm. The volume of the media device is therefore less than 15,000 mm3. In one implementation, the length of the media device is less than or equal to about 41.20 mm, the width of the media device is less than or equal to about 27.3 mm, and the thickness of the media device is less than or equal to about 6 mm. The volume of the media device is therefore less than or equal to about 7735 mm3. In another implementation, the length of the media device is less than or equal to about 27.3 mm, the width of the media device is less than or equal to about 27.3 mm, and the thickness of the media device is less than or equal to about 6 mm. The volume of the media device is therefore less than or equal to about 4500 mm3. 
     Moreover, the outer diameter of the circular input arrangement is less than 30 mm, more particularly between about 20 mm to about 27.3 mm, and even more particularly about 23 mm. In addition, the weight of the media device is less than 20 grams, and more particularly less than or equal to 16 grams. 
     Although several examples have been given, it should be appreciated that this is not a limitation and the media device can be modified to other sizes and weights. In one example, the media device can scaled up or down according to the dimensions given. Furthermore, additional features such as integrated attachment mechanisms may increase the overall size and weight of the media device. 
     In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the media device  200  may also include an integrated clip for attaching the media device to an article such as an article of clothing. The clip typically includes a moving member that moves between a closed position where an article is trapped between the moving member and the housing thus securing the media device to the article, and an open position where the article is released from engagement between the moving member and housing thus freeing the media device from the article (e.g., open position allows placement of the article between the housing and moving member). The platform may for example translate, pivot, rotate relative to the housing between the closed and open position. In most cases, the moving member is further biased in the closed position to help secure the media device to the article. Thus, a user must overcome the biasing force to place the moving member in the open position. By way of example, any suitable spring element may be used to provide the biasing force. Alternatively or additionally, holding detents or snaps may be used to help secure the moving member in its desired position. The holding detent may for example create a locking action that allows the moving member and housing to grab the article with extreme force. 
     To elaborate,  FIGS. 4-11  show the media device of  FIGS. 2 and 3  with an integrated clip  222 , in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The integrated clip  222  is attached to the back side of the housing  202  away from the user input areas of the media device. As shown, the integrated clip  222  includes a platform  224  that pivots relative to the housing  202  between a closed position, placing the platform  224  close to the housing  202  and an open position, placing the platform  224  away from the housing  202 . This may for example be accomplished with a hinge mechanism. 
     Any suitable hinge mechanism can be used. In the illustrated embodiment, an internal hinge mechanism is used. In this arrangement, the platform  224  includes a shoulder  225  that extends from the underside of the platform  224 , and the media device  200  includes a corresponding fixed shoulder (not shown) disposed internally within the housing  202 . The shoulder  225  of the platform  224  engages the corresponding shoulder of the media device  200  through a small opening  226  in the housing  202 . The shoulders when engaged allow pivoting movements therebetween. For example, each shoulder may include an opening with a pivot pin placed therein in order to create a pivoting action. Alternatively, one of the shoulders may include a pivot pin while the opposite shoulder includes an opening for receiving the pivot pin. In most cases, the small opening where the shoulders engage is placed away from the edge of the media device (underneath the platform) in order to protect the media device from contaminants as well as to make the device more aesthetically pleasing to the user. 
     The platform  224  is preferably biased in the closed position so as to help secure the media device to an article of interest. Any suitable spring means may be used. In one implementation, a torsion spring placed between the shoulders is used. The torsion spring has one end that works against a first shoulder and a second end that works against a second shoulder thus placing the platform in the closed position. In order to move the platform to the open position, the platform must be pivoted about the pivot axis against the force of the torsion spring. 
     In order to allow space for the article, the platform  224  may be spaced away from the back surface of the housing  202 . For example, the housing  202  may include a raised section  227  where the platform  224  is attached. To promote the pivoting action, the raised section  227  may be rounded as shown. Furthermore, in order to help secure the media device  200  to the article, the platform  224  and housing  202  may include teeth  228  that substantially engage one another in the closed position. The teeth  228  help bite down and grasp the article thus securing the media device  200  to the article (pinched therebetween). As shown, the teeth  228  are disposed proximate the end opposite the pivot axis. 
     The features and feature sizes of the clip can be widely varied. In one embodiment, the radius of the raised section of the housing is less than or equal to about 3 mm, and the thickness of the platform is less than or equal to 1 mm. When taking these into account, the volume of the media device is therefore less than or equal to about 8230 mm3 using for example the dimensions of 41.2×27.3×6 as base dimensions (overall size may be about 41.2×27.3×10). 
     Referring to  FIGS. 12A and 12B , the media device  200  is comfortably seated within a user&#39;s hand  270  (and removed from any host device). As shown in  FIG. 12A , the control input device  208  can be easily manipulated by the thumb  272  of the hand  270  while the fingers  274  and palm  276  of the hand  270  holds the media device  200 . By way of example, the user may move their thumb  272  over any of the various buttons of the control input device  208  without repositioning their hand  270 , and more particularly their fingers  274 . As shown in  FIG. 12B , the modal switches  214  can be easily manipulated by the thumb  272  of the hand  270  while the rest of the hand holds the media device  200 . By way of example, the user may use their thumb  272  to move one of the sliding modal switches  214  to any of their various positions. 
     Referring to  FIG. 13 , the control input device  208  according to one embodiment will be described in greater detail. As shown, the control input device  208  includes a movable platform  230  that tilts relative to the housing  202 . In some cases, the platform  230  is movably coupled to the housing  202  and in other cases the housing  202  movably restrains a floating platform  230  (as shown). The platform  230  generally includes a cosmetic or tactile layer  232  that is attached to the top surface of a rigid plate  234 . The cosmetic layer  232  protrudes though an opening  236  in the housing  202 , and provides a tactile surface for actuating the various peripheral buttons of the control input device  208 . In the illustrated embodiment, the cosmetic layer  232  includes a rounded top surface. 
     The control input device  208  further includes one or more mechanical switches  238  disposed between the platform  230  and the housing  202  in order to generate input signals based on movements of the platform  230 . The mechanical switches  238  are typically placed in locations that correspond to the various button zones. Each of the button zones includes a distinct mechanical switch  238  located underneath the button zone. The mechanical switches  238  include actuators  240  that cause input signals to be generated when depressed. Tilting the platform  230  in the region of the mechanical switch  238  compresses the actuator  240 , thereby causing an input signal to be generated. In most cases, the actuators  240  are spring biased so that they extend away from the mechanical switch  238  and bias the platform  230  in the upright position. The mechanical switches  238  may be attached to the housing  202  or to the platform  230 . In the illustrated embodiment, the mechanical switches  238  are attached to the backside of the platform  230 . As such, the mechanical switches  238  and more particularly the actuators  240  act as legs for supporting the platform  230  in its upright position within the housing  202  (i.e., the actuators rest on the housing or some component mounted to the housing). By way of example, the mechanical switches  238  may correspond to tact switches, such as dome switches packaged for SMT. 
     As mentioned above, the platform  230  is movably restrained within a cavity  242  provided in the housing  202 . In essence, the platform  230  floats in space relative to the housing  202  while still being constrained thereto (the platform is not attached to the housing). As shown, the platform  230  is surrounded by side walls, a top wall and bottom wall of the housing  202 . The side walls are configured to substantially prevent movements in the x and y directions as well as rotations about the z axis (e.g., excluding a small gap that allows a slight amount of play in order to prevent the platform  230  from binding with the housing during the tilting action). The top and bottom walls, however, are configured to allow movement (although limited) in the z direction as well as rotation about the x and y axis in order to provide the tilting action. That is, while the top and bottom walls and may constrain the platform  230  to the cavity  242 , they also provide enough room for the platform  230  to tilt in order to depress the actuator  240  of the mechanical switches  238 . Furthermore, the spring force provided by the mechanical switches  238  places the top surface of the platform  230  into mating engagement with the bottom surface of the top wall of the housing  202  (e.g., upright position). 
     During operation, a user simply presses on the top surface of the platform  230  in the location of the desired button zone in order to activate the mechanical switches  238  disposed underneath the platform  230  in the location of the button zones. When activated, the mechanical switches  238  generate input signals that may be used by the media device  200 . To activate the mechanical switch  238 , a force provided by a finger works against the spring force of the actuator  240  until the mechanical switch  238  is activated. Although the platform  230  essentially floats within the cavity of the housing  202 , when the user presses on the desired button zone over one side of the platform  230 , the opposite side contacts the top wall (opposite the press) thus causing the platform  230  to pivot about the contact point. In essence, the platform pivots about four different axes. 
     Furthermore, a button cap  244  is disposed between the cosmetic layer  232  and the top side of the rigid plate  234 . A top portion of the button cap  244  is configured to protrude through an opening in the cosmetic layer  232  while a flange portion is retained in a space formed between the cosmetic layer  232  and the rigid plate  234 . The top portion of the button cap  244  may be pushed to activate a fifth switch  246  located underneath the button cap  244 . The fifth switch  246  may be attached to the housing  202  and pass through openings in the rigid plate  234  and cosmetic layer  232 . When assembled, the actuator  248  of the fifth switch  246  forces the button cap  244  into an upright position via a spring element similar to the other switches  238 . 
     It should be noted that the particular implementation described in  FIG. 13  is not a limitation and that the control input device  208  can be configured in a variety of different ways. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/643,256, filed Aug. 18, 2003 and entitled “MOVABLE TOUCHPAD WITH ADDED FUNCTIONALITY,” describes several embodiments of control input devices that may be used, including control input devices with touch sensitive components, and is hereby incorporated herein by reference. 
     Referring to  FIG. 14 , a single integrated connector assembly  300  according to one embodiment will be described in greater detail. The assembly  300  may for example be mounted within the housing of any of the media devices described herein. The assembly  300  includes a connector body  302  having an axial opening  304  disposed therein. Disposed within the axial opening  304  are various terminals  306  for transmitting power, data and media. As shown, the terminals  306  are incrementally spaced along the axis of the axial opening  304  such that they are electrically separated. When a plug is inserted into the axial opening  304 , the plug pushes up against the terminals  306 . In some cases, the terminals  306  act as flexures that are biased inwardly towards the axis. As such, they provide some holding power for the plug. Furthermore, they may act as detents when they engage corresponding terminals (e.g., grooves) on the plug. Moreover, the terminals  306  include contact pins, posts or wires  308  that pass through the connector body  302  from the axial opening  304  to the edge of the connector body  302 . The contact pins  308  serve as locations where the assembly  300  can be connected to the internal circuitry of a media device. 
     The terminals  306  may be widely varied. The terminals may for example include data terminals for transferring data between the media device and a host device, power terminals for powering the media device and/or charging an internal battery, audio channel terminals for transmitting audio as for example to speakers or headphones, a plug detect for detecting when a plug is inserted in the axial opening, and the like. 
     In accordance with one embodiment, the connector assembly is configured to perform more than one function from the same terminal or group of terminals. For example, the same terminal or group of terminals may be used for both transferring data and transmitting media for output (e.g., audio). Sharing terminals reduces the number of terminals needed for the desired functionality and as a result, the axial distance of the connector can be reduced (terminals are spaced apart axially). Having a shorter axial distance creates a more compact connector assembly, which is beneficial for small media devices with limited space (as in the present design). Reducing the number of terminals also reduces the number of contact lines, which can have the result of reducing the size of the controller (e.g., smaller chip can be used since less contacts are needed). 
     In most cases, the shared terminal(s) communicate with a controller over the same shared line or channel. The lines may be embodied as traces or other well-known routing technologies such as those associated with printed circuit boards, flex circuits and integrated chips. Furthermore, the controller may be embodied as an application specific integrated circuit chip or it may represent a portion of a host controller. 
     The controller may include a control module for each function. For example, the control module may include a data transfer module for controlling data transfer operations, a media output module for controlling the output of media and a power module for controlling power operations. The controller may further include a control module that is operatively coupled to all the various components. During operation, the control module selectively switches the operation between the different modules. The method of operation may for example include a first block where a first operation is performed at one or more shared terminals. The method of operation may also include a second block where a second operation is performed at one or more shared terminals. The method of operation may additionally include a third block where the first and second operations are selectively switched back and forth so that both operations can occur at the same node over the same communication channel (albeit at different times). 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the assembly  300  includes two data terminals (D+ and D−), a ground (GND), a voltage (VBUS) (e.g., +5V), as well as a plug detect. In this embodiment, the data terminals (D+, D−) are used for multiple functions including transferring data between a host device and the media device, and acting as the left and right channels for outputting audio. The media device may include a controller for determining what operation is desired, and switching between the operations based on the desired mode of operation (opening one and closing the other). 
     Although the position may vary according to the desired needs of each device, in the illustrated embodiment, the left side of the opening includes the VBUS terminal and the D− terminal, and the right side of the opening includes the GND, D+, and plug detect terminals. 
     In one example, when the media device is in the upload/download media mode, the power (+5V) acts as Vbus to charge the unit, the ground acts as GND to charge the unit, the D+ and D− data lines are used for media transfer (e.g., songs), and the plug detect is not used. Further, when the media device is in a charging mode, the power (+5V) acts as Vbus to charge the unit, and the ground acts as GND to charge the unit. Further still, when the media device is in an audio output or play mode, the power (+5V) acts as GND, the ground acts as GND, the D+ data line acts as a right channel for audio, and the D− line acts as a left channel for audio. 
     The plug detect terminal is typically used in the audio output mode. Music is paused when a plug is removed and the media device will subsequently go to sleep after one minute of inactivity. 
     The controller may include a set of configurable I/O pins for each multifunctional terminal. The number of configurable pins typically corresponds to the number of shared communication lines (e.g., a pin for each line). Because they are configurable, the I/O pins can be rearranged for operations associated with different functions. By way of example, the I/O pins functionality may be switched between ground, a voltage source, various digital inputs, etc. In a data transfer mode, the I/O contacts are configured for transferring data. In a media output mode, the I/O contacts are configured for outputting media. 
     Referring to  FIG. 15 , a hinge mechanism  320  according to one embodiment will be described in greater detail. The hinge mechanism  320  may for example be utilized in any of the media devices described herein. In this embodiment, the hinge mechanism  320  is situated in a raised section  322  of the media device housing  324  next to a single integrated jack  326  mounted in the media device housing  324 . As shown, the housing  324  includes an opening  328  therein for receiving a shoulder  330  that protrudes from the bottom of a pivoting platform  332 . The opening  328  includes side walls  334  next to the shoulder  330  that keep the platform  332  from sliding horizontally along the pivot axis (e.g., abutment stops). The walls  334  and shoulder  330  include through holes for receiving a pivot pin  336 . The pivot pin  336  may for example be press fit in the through holes of the walls  334 , and loosely held by the through hole of the shoulder  330  thereby enabling a pivoting action. That is, the platform  332  rotates about the pivot pin  336 . 
     The hinge mechanism  300  may further include a torsion spring  340  that abuts the housing  324  and the shoulder  330  of the platform  332 . The torsion spring  340  produces a biasing force that pushes the platform  332  towards the back side of the housing  324 . In order to produce a smooth but tight pivoting action, the hinge mechanism  300  may further include one or more Teflon strips  342  disposed between the bottom surface of the platform  332  and the top surface of the raised section  322  of the housing  324 . In some cases, the Teflon strips  342  are free floating therebetween while in other cases they are attached to either the raised section  322  or the platform  332 . In order to hide the Teflon strips  342  from view as well as retain the Teflon strips  342  in their desired location, the platform  332  may include recesses  346  for placement of the Teflon strips  342 . As such, at the sides it appears as though the platform  332  pivots about the surface of the raised section  322  not the Teflon strips  342 . 
     In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, a docking station  400  may be used with the media player shown in  FIGS. 4-11  in order to provide a platform for quickly and easily coupling a portable media device to another system or device as for example a computer, a power source, or peripheral devices such as a monitor, a keyboard, speakers, etc. 
     The docking station may be a stand alone unit that communicates with other devices or systems through wired (e.g., cables) or wireless (e.g., Bluetooth) connections, or alternatively, the docking station may be integrated directly into the other devices or systems. In either case, the docking station includes an opening or slot that receives the portable media device. The opening is typically configured to support the portable media device in an upright position (e.g., generally vertical) while maintaining access to the U.I. portion of the portable media device. 
     The dock also includes a way of interfacing the portable media device with the other devices or systems. By way of example, the opening may include one or more connectors that engage one or more ports on the portable media device when the portable media device is placed in the opening. In the case of a stand alone unit, the connector may be coupled to other connectors, ports or transceivers that provide external connections to the other devices or systems. In the case of an integrated docking station, the connector may be wired directly to the components of the host device. 
     To elaborate,  FIG. 16A  shows one example of a docking station  400  that can be used with the portable media device of  FIGS. 4-11 , in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. As shown, the docking station  400  includes a base  414  and an opening or slot  416  that is partially recessed in the top surface of the base  414 . The base  414  is configured to enclose internally various electrical and structural components. The base  414  is also configured to define the shape or form of the docking station  400 . The shape may for example be substantially rectangular (as shown) or alternatively the shape may be circular, cubical and the like. Furthermore, the base  414  may be formed by one or more housing components. For example, the base  414  may include an upper housing and a lower housing that are attached using any suitable technique including for example screws, bolts, snaps, adhesives, latches, etc. 
     Although the opening  416  can be configured to receive any side of the portable media device  200 , in this particular embodiment the opening  416  is configured to receive an end of the portable media device  200  so as to support the portable media device  200  in an upright position when the portable media device  200  is inserted in the recessed opening  416 . As should be appreciated, the walls of the opening serve as guides for placing the media device in the correct engagement position. The shape and size of the opening  416  is generally configured to coincide with the overall shape and size of the end of the portable media device  200 . That is, the inner peripheral surfaces of the openings  416  are sized and dimensioned to receive the outer peripheral surfaces of the portable media device  200 . As should be appreciated, the walls of the opening serve as guides for placing the media device in the correct engagement position. In the context of the media device shown in  FIGS. 4-11 , the opening is designed to wrap around the front and top and bottom surfaces of the housing as well as the outer surface of the platform of the clip. 
     Located within the opening  416  is an interface  422  that operatively couples the portable media devices  200  to the docking station  400 . The interface may be widely varied. In the illustrated embodiment, the interface  422  includes a single electrical connector  424  that engages the single electrical port on the bottom side of the portable media devices  200 . For example, the docking station  400  may include a male plug that is inserted into the female jack  402  of the media device  200 . The male plug is generally dimensioned for a tight fit within the port so as to secure the connection between the portable media device  200  and the docking station  400  (e.g., friction coupling). Furthermore, the plugs and ports typically include pins or contacts that come together to allow electrical transmissions therebetween. The electrical connection may be configured to transfer media, data and/or power between the portable media devices  200  and the docking station  400 . In one implementation, a single connector capable of transferring media, data and/or power is used. 
     In order to further guide and secure the portable media device in place, the docking station  400  may additionally include one or more guide posts  430  that extend out of the bottom of the opening  416  and into the void found between the platform  224 _and the back surface of the housing  202  when the portable media device  200  is inserted into the opening  416  in the docking station  400 . The guide post  430  includes reference or alignment surfaces corresponding to the four sides of the void. In the illustrated embodiment, a single guide post is used. The single guide post  430  has substantially the same shape as the void. In some case, the guide post  430  may include rounded sides in order to make placement thereover easier. When the portable media device  200  is inserted inside the opening  416 , the walls of the opening  416  and the guide post  430  surround the surfaces of the portable media device  200  thereby helping secure it in place. 
       FIG. 16B  shows the media device  200  plugged into the docking station  400 , which is coupled to a laptop computer  250 . When connected, the laptop computer  250  can supply power to the media device  200  through the docking station  400  in order to power the media device  200  as well as to possibly charge its battery. Because the media device  200  is typically a plug and play device, the laptop computer  250  recognizes the media device  200  as a media device and in some cases generates a media device icon  252  on the display  254  of the laptop computer  250 . Selecting the media device icon  252  typically opens a window that shows the data and media files stored in the memory of the media device  200 . The data and media files stored on the media device  200  can be transferred to the laptop computer  250  using a drag and drop function. 
     In addition, new data and media files stored on the laptop computer  250  may be added to the memory of the media device  200  using a drag and drop function. In some cases, some or a portion of the media files stored in the laptop computer  250  are automatically synchronized with the media device  200 . That is, once the laptop computer  250  recognizes the media device  200  and determines that the media device  200  includes media functionality, the laptop computer  250  can be configured to automatically deliver all or a select few of the media files (e.g., audio tracks) stored in the laptop computer  250  to the memory of the media device  200 . The laptop computer  250  can also launch a media management application when the media device  200  is recognized. One example of a music management program is iTunes® manufactured by Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. 
       FIGS. 17A and 17B  show examples of audio output devices  450  and  460  that can be used to listen to audio being outputted through the single integrated connector of the portable media device  200 .  FIG. 17A  illustrates conventional output device that includes ear buds that connect to the media device via some wires and a male jack. On the other hand,  FIG. 17B  illustrates a lanyard style output device that includes ear buds, a neck cord that carries wires therethrough to the ear buds and a connector arrangement including a male audio jack. The lanyard may also include adjustable clasps for adjusting the size of the neck cord. As should be appreciated, the lanyard allows the media device to be word around the user&#39;s neck. An example of a lanyard can be found in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/212,514, which is herein incorporated by reference. 
       FIGS. 18 and 19  show alternate embodiments of the portable media devices shown in previous embodiments. In these embodiments, the front housing of the media devices  500 A and  500 B have the same shape as the circular input arrangement thereby creating a circular media device. It is believed that a circular housing is much easier to hold, and can be treated similarly to old time pieces. Furthermore, this shape is enabled by the elimination of a display (displays are typically rectangular). 
     In one embodiment, the circular input arrangement  208  substantially fills the entire front surface of the media devices  500 A and  500 B. That is, the circular input arrangement  208  extends substantially edge to edge of the cylindrical housing  502  of the media devices  500 A and  500 B. In  FIG. 18 , the circular input arrangement  208  is at least in part contained within the cylindrical housing  502  (e.g., recessed), thus the edge of the circular input arrangement  208  extends between the side walls of the housing  502 . In  FIG. 19 , the circular input arrangement  208  at least in part rests on the front surface of the housing  502  and has an outer peripheral shape that matches the outer peripheral shape of the cylindrical housing  502 . Alternatively, in some cases it may be desirable to have the circular input arrangement  208  be smaller than the front surface of the cylindrical housing  502 . In cases such as these, the circular input arrangement  208  may be recessed within the front surface or rest on a portion of the front surface thereby leaving some of the front surface exposed (at the peripheral front edge). 
     Although any circular input arrangement can be used in any of the embodiments described above, in  FIG. 18 , the media device  500 A includes a circular input arrangement  208  similar to that described in  FIG. 13 . That is, it includes a tiltable outer ring and a depressible central button. However,  FIG. 19  uses a slightly different circular input arrangement  208 . In  FIG. 19 , the circular input arrangement  208  is embodied as a touch pad. The touch pad may be fixed or it may be a depressible touch pad set up similarly to the circular input arrangement described in  FIG. 13 . In either case, the touch pad can be broken up into button zones. Furthermore, the touch pad can be used to provide additional inputs. For example, swirling about the touch pad may adjust volume or be used to traverse a group of songs. Alternatively or additionally, the circular input arrangement may be rotatable. Examples of rotatable input arrangements, as well as touch pads, can be found in U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 10/256,716, 10/188,182, 10/643,256 and 10/722,948, which are herein incorporated by reference. 
     Furthermore, as shown, like the embodiments previously described, the media devices may include switches  214 , a single integrated connector  204  and various indicators  220 . In most cases, these features are mounted on the side of the cylindrical housing  502  as shown. Buttons may alternatively be used to replace the switches. 
       FIG. 20  is a block diagram of a media device  700  according to one embodiment of the invention. The media device  700  includes a processor  702  that pertains to a microprocessor or controller for controlling the overall operation of the media device  700 . The media device  700  stores media data pertaining to media items in a file system  704  and a cache  706 . The file system  704  is, typically, a solid-state storage medium. As an example, the solid-state storage medium can be FLASH memory. The file system  704  typically provides high capacity storage capability for the media device  700 . The file system  704  can store not only media data but also non-media data. 
     When the media device  700  operates in a media play mode, the file system  704  can store and retrieve media files. In the media play mode, the media device  700  can be considered a media player. Alternatively, when the media device  700  operates in a data mode, the file system  704  can store and retrieve data files. In the data mode, the media device  700  can be referred to as a FLASH drive. However, since the access time to the file system  704  is relatively slow, the media device  700  can also include a cache  706 . The cache  706  is, for example, Random-Access Memory (RAM) provided by semiconductor memory. The relative access time to the cache  706  is substantially shorter than for the file system  704 . However, the cache  706  does not have the large storage capacity of the file system  704 . Further, the file system  704 , when active, consumes more power than does the cache  706 . The power consumption is often a concern when the media device  700  is a portable media player that is powered by a battery (not shown). The media device  700  also includes a RAM  720  and a Read-Only Memory (ROM)  722 . The ROM  722  can store programs, utilities or processes to be executed in a non-volatile manner. The RAM  720  provides volatile data storage, such as for the cache  706 . 
     The media device  700  also includes one or more user input devices  708  that allow a user of the media device  700  to interact with the media device  700 . For example, the user input devices  708  can take a variety of forms, such as buttons, keypads, dials, switches, etc. A data bus  711  can facilitate data transfer between at least the file system  704 , the cache  706 , the processor  702 , and the CODEC  712 . 
     In one embodiment, the media device  700  serves to store a plurality of media assets (e.g., songs, photos, etc.) in the file system  704 . When a user desires to have the media device  700  play a particular media asset, the user operates the user input device  708  to select a media player mode. Then, using the user input device  708 , the user can play the next available media asset. The processor  702 , upon receiving a selection of a particular media item, supplies the media data (e.g., audio file) for the particular media item to a coder/decoder (CODEC)  712 . The CODEC  712  then produces analog output signals for a speaker  714 . The speaker  714  can be a speaker internal to the media device  700  or external to the media device  700 . For example, headphones or earphones that connect to the media device  700  would be considered an external speaker. 
     Additionally, the media player may be set to a specific media play mode, according to some embodiments of the invention. The mode selection is typically made using the user input device  708 , such as a switch or button. Two typical media play modes are a continuous play mode and a shuffle play mode. Generally, in the shuffle play mode, the media player plays through a list of media assets in a random order, while in the continuous play mode, the media player plays through the list of media assets according to a default order. The default order for the list of media assets can, for example, be (i) alphabetically ordered by song name, (ii) ordered by track position on an album, or (iii) ordered by date loaded onto the media player. In one embodiment of the invention, the media play mode is selected using a two-position switch, which allows a user of the media player to select between continuous play mode, and shuffle play mode. 
     The media device  700  also includes a network/bus interface  716  that couples to a data link  718 . The data link  718  allows the media device  700  to couple to a host computer. The data link  718  can be provided over a wired connection or a wireless connection. In the case of a wireless connection, the network/bus interface  716  can include a wireless transceiver. In one embodiment, the media device  700  can include an axial jack connector coupled to the network/bus interface. 
     It should be noted that  FIG. 20  does not indicate that the media device  700  includes a display (display screen). Although a conventional media player requires a display to enable a user to interface with the media player, the media device  700  shown in  FIG. 20  does not include a display. By not providing a display, the media player is able to be smaller and lighter than conventional media players. A battery  720  that powers the various components of the media device  700  (at least when not attached to a power source or host computer is also able to be smaller since power consumption is reduced. The battery  720  can be rechargeable and charged by a charge circuit  722  using power available from the peripheral bus. 
     In one embodiment, to facilitate user interaction with the media device  700  (which lacks a display), the user input device  708  can include at least a shuffle switch. The shuffle switch enables a user to shuffle the media assets (e.g., songs) being played by the media device  700 . The user input device  708  can also include a control input device that allows a user to signal a request to play, pause, next forward, next back, disable control inputs temporarily, and reshuffle the media assets. 
       FIG. 21  is a block diagram of a media management system  800  according to one embodiment of the invention. The media management system  800  includes a host computer  802  and a media player  804 . The media player can be, for example, the media player  700  of  FIG. 20 . The host computer  802  is typically a personal computer. The host computer, among other conventional components, includes a management module  806 , which is a software module. The management module  806  provides for centralized management of media assets (and/or playlists) not only on the host computer  802  but also on the media player  804 . More particularly, the management module  806  manages those media assets stored in media storage  808  associated with the host computer  802 . The management module  806  also interacts with a media database  810  to store media information associated with the media assets stored in media storage  808 . Some embodiments also include a file manager  815 , which provides for management of other data files (i.e., non-media asset files) on both the host computer  802  and the media player  804 . 
     The media information pertains to characteristics or attributes of the media assets. For example, in the case of audio or audiovisual media, the media information can include one or more of: title, album, track, artist, composer and genre. These types of media information are specific to particular media assets. In addition, the media information can pertain to quality characteristics of the media assets. Examples of quality characteristics of media assets can include one or more of: bit rate, sample rate, equalizer setting, volume adjustment, start/stop and total time. 
     Further, in some embodiments, the management module  806  also interacts with the host computer  802  to transfer data files (i.e., non-media asset files stored on the host computer  802 , typically on the host computer&#39;s hard drive) to and from media storage  808 . Alternately, in some embodiments, data files may be transferred to and from optional data storage  809 , which may be physically and/or logically combined with or separate from media storage  808 . It is understood that a data file includes any data that is capable of being stored in a file system, which includes all file types. Typical data files include text documents, executable files, and graphics files. Alternately, in some embodiments, the management module  806  does not directly access data files. Rather, the user transfers files back and forth to/from or deletes files from the media player  804  using the file manager  815 , on the host computer, where the media player appears, for example, as a disk drive or removable storage medium. 
     The data storage  809  and/or the media storage  808  can utilize one or more directories (e.g., folders) in the host computer&#39;s file system (e.g., on a hard drive, not shown). As is conventional, data stored on the data storage  809  can be assessed by a file manager  815 . In addition, in one embodiment, media assets stored in the media storage  808  can also be accessed by the file manager  815 . 
     Still further, the host computer  802  includes a play module  812 . The play module  812  is a software module that can be utilized to play certain media assets stored in media storage  808 . In some embodiments, the play module  812  can also be used to play media assets stored outside of media storage  808 , such as media assets stored in data storage  820  on the media player  804 . 
     The host computer  802  also includes a communication module  814  that couples to a corresponding communication module  816  within the media player  804 . A connection or link  818  removeably couples the communication modules  814  and  816 . In one embodiment, the connection or link  818  is a cable and/or docking station that provides a data bus, such as a FIREWIRE® bus or USB bus, which is well known in the art. In another embodiment, the connection or link  818  is a wireless channel or connection through a wireless network. In still another embodiment, the connection or link  818  is a connection established by direct coupling of a connector on the media player  804  to a connector on the host computer  802 . In this embodiment, the media player  804  is directly coupled to the host computer  802  without using a cable or docking station. Hence, depending on implementation, the communication modules  814  and  816  may communicate in a wired or wireless manner. 
     The media player  804  also includes media storage  820  that stores media assets within the media player  804 . Optionally, media storage  820  can also store data files in data storage  821 . The media assets or data files being stored to media asset storage  820  or data storage  821  are typically received over the connection or link  818  from the host computer  802 . More particularly, the management module  806  sends all or certain of those media assets or data files residing in media storage  808  or file storage  809  over the connection or link  818  to media storage  820  or file storage  821  within the media player  804 . Additionally, the corresponding media information for the media assets that is also delivered to the media player  804  from the host computer  802  can be stored in a media database  822 . In this regard, certain media information from the media database  810  within the host computer  802  can be sent to the media database  822  within the media player  804  over the connection or link  818 . Still further, playlists identifying certain of the media assets can also be sent by the management module  806  over the connection or link  818  to media storage  820  or the media database  822  within the media player  804 . 
     Furthermore, the media player  804  includes a play module  824  that couples to media storage  820  and the media database  822 . The play module  824  is a software module that can be utilized to play certain media assets stored in media storage  820 . 
     Hence, in one embodiment, the media player  804  has limited or no capability to manage media assets or data files on the media player  804 . However, the management module  806  within the host computer  802  can indirectly manage the media assets residing on the media player  804 . For example, to “add” a media asset to the media player  804 , the management module  806  serves to identify the media asset to be added to the media player  804  from media storage  808  and then causes the identified media asset or data to be delivered to the media player  804 . As another example, to “delete” a media asset from the media player  804 , the management module  806  serves to identify the media asset to be deleted from media storage  808  and then causes the identified media asset to be deleted from the media player  804 . As still another example, if changes (i.e., alterations) to characteristics of a media asset were made at the host computer  802  using the management module  806 , then such characteristics can also be carried over to the corresponding media asset on the media player  804 . In one implementation, the additions, deletions and/or changes occur in a batch-like process during synchronization of the media assets on the media player  804  with the media assets on the host computer  802 . 
     Alternately, in some embodiments, data storage on the media player  804  is designated file storage  821  and is combined with or physically and/or logically separate from media storage  820 . As discussed above, in some embodiments, the management module  806  is normally not involved in transferring data between file storage  809  on the host computer  802  and file storage  821  on the media player  804 . In these embodiments, the file manager  815  running on the host computer  802  can be used to manage the transfer of data between file storage  809  and file storage  821 . For example, when using the file manager  815 , the media player  804  appears as a flash drive and data files are accessed as if the media player  804  was a conventional flash drive. 
     In another embodiment, the media player  804  has limited or no capability to manage playlists on the media player  804 . However, the management module  806  within the host computer  802  through management of the playlists residing on the host computer can indirectly manage the playlists residing on the media player  804 . In this regard, additions, deletions or changes to playlists can be performed on the host computer  802  and then be carried over to the media player  804  when delivered thereto. 
     As previously noted, synchronization is a form of media management. The ability to automatically initiate synchronization was also previously discussed above and in the related application noted above. Still further, however, the synchronization between devices can be restricted so as to prevent automatic synchronization when the host computer and media player do not recognize one another. 
     In one implementation, the host computer can utilize an application resident on the host computer to permit utilization and provide management for playlists. One such application is iTunes®, produced by Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. 
     Although the media items (or media assets) of emphasis in several of the above embodiments were audio items (e.g., audio files or songs), the media items are not limited to audio items. For example, the media items can alternatively pertain to videos (e.g., movies) or images (e.g., photos). 
     The various aspects, features, embodiments or implementations of the invention described above can be used alone or in various combinations. 
     The methods of this invention can be implemented by software, hardware or a combination of hardware and software. The invention can also be embodied as computer readable code on a computer readable medium. The computer readable medium is any data storage device that can store data which can thereafter be read by a computer system, including both transfer and non-transfer devices as defined above. Examples of the computer readable medium include read-only memory, random-access memory, CD-ROMs, Flash memory cards, DVDs, magnetic tape, optical data storage devices, and carrier waves. The computer readable medium can also be distributed over network-coupled computer systems so that the computer readable code is stored and executed in a distributed fashion. 
     The many features and advantages of the present invention are apparent from the written description and, thus, it is intended by the appended claims to cover all such features and advantages of the invention. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, the invention should not be limited to the exact construction and operation as illustrated and described. Hence, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to as falling within the scope of the invention.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20110708
Publication Date: 20150623
Grant Date: 20150623
Priority Date: 20060911
Inventors: ZORKENDORFER RICO
LYNCH STEPHEN BRIAN
MATHEW DINESH
IVE JONATHAN P.
ZADESKY STEPHEN PAUL
HANKEY EVANS
PREST CHRISTOPHER DAVID
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G06F1/1698", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1643", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1632", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01R24/58", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1632", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/163", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "Y10T24/1391", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/16", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1626", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "Y10T24/1391", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G11B20/10", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04R2420/09", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1632", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/163", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/163", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1632", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01R24/58", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "Y10T24/1391", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04R2420/09", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/163", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01R24/58", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1632", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/163", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1613", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 38990012