PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-11516908-B1
Application Number: US-201916682146-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B1

Title: Electronic devices having image transport layers with embedded circuitry

Abstract:
An electronic device may have a display with pixels configured to display an image. The pixels may be overlapped by a cover layer. An image transport layer may be formed from a coherent fiber bundle or Anderson localization material. The image transport layer may overlap the pixels and may have an input surface that receives the image from the pixels and a corresponding output surface on which the received image is viewable through the cover layer. Circuitry may be embedded within the image transport layer. The circuitry that is embedded within the image transport layer may include capacitive touch sensor circuitry, antenna resonating element structures, input-output components, signal lines, and other circuitry.

Claims:
What is claimed is:  
     
       1. An electronic device, comprising:
 pixels configured to display an image; 
 an image transport layer comprising a coherent fiber bundle configured to receive the image at an input surface of the coherent fiber bundle and to transport the received image through the image transport layer to an output surface of the coherent fiber bundle; and 
 circuitry embedded within the coherent fiber bundle and between the input surface and the output surface. 
 
     
     
       2. The electronic device defined in  claim 1 , wherein the circuitry embedded within the coherent fiber bundle comprises an antenna resonating element, the electronic device further comprising:
 a housing; 
 a display cover layer that overlaps the image transport layer and that is coupled to the housing; and 
 communications circuitry coupled to the antenna resonating element. 
 
     
     
       3. The electronic device defined in  claim 2  wherein the coherent fiber bundle comprises fibers that extend around the antenna resonating element. 
     
     
       4. The electronic device defined in  claim 2  wherein the communications circuitry comprises radio-frequency transceiver circuitry coupled to the antenna resonating element and wherein the circuitry embedded within the coherent fiber bundle comprises a capacitive sensor electrode. 
     
     
       5. The electronic device defined in  claim 1  wherein the circuitry embedded within the coherent fiber bundle comprises a packaged integrated circuit. 
     
     
       6. The electronic device defined in  claim 1  wherein the circuitry embedded within the coherent fiber bundle comprises metal signal lines. 
     
     
       7. The electronic device defined in  claim 1  wherein the circuitry embedded within the coherent fiber bundle comprises capacitive sensor electrodes. 
     
     
       8. The electronic device defined in  claim 7  wherein the capacitive sensor electrodes extend in a grid across the image transport layer. 
     
     
       9. The electronic device defined in  claim 1  wherein the circuitry embedded within the coherent fiber bundle comprises circuitry selected from the group consisting of: a sensor, an output component, an antenna, an electrode, and a signal line. 
     
     
       10. The electronic device defined in  claim 1  wherein the circuitry comprises metal signal lines embedded in the coherent fiber bundle between the input surface and the output surface and wherein the circuitry comprises electrical components embedded in the coherent fiber bundle that are electrically coupled to the metal signal lines. 
     
     
       11. The electronic device defined in  claim 1  further comprising:
 a housing structure having a transparent portion that overlaps the image transport layer; and 
 an organic light-emitting diode display layer that includes the pixels. 
 
     
     
       12. The electronic device defined in  claim 11  wherein the circuitry comprises a metal structure that is electrically coupled to the organic light-emitting diode display layer. 
     
     
       13. The electronic device defined in  claim 1  wherein the circuitry includes a metal structure that has a portion that extends to the output surface. 
     
     
       14. The electronic device defined in  claim 1  wherein the circuitry is configured to form a two-dimensional touch sensor overlapping the pixels. 
     
     
       15. An electronic device, comprising:
 pixels that display an image; 
 a housing having a first portion that is transparent and that overlaps the pixels and having a second portion that is coupled to the first portion; 
 an integrated circuit between the first and second portions of the housing; 
 an image transport layer comprising a coherent fiber bundle having an input surface that receives the image and an output surface at which the received image is presented; and 
 metal structures embedded in the coherent fiber bundle and electrically coupled to the integrated circuit, wherein the metal structures have a portion that extends to the output surface. 
 
     
     
       16. The electronic device defined in  claim 15  wherein the metal structures are configured to form capacitive sensor electrodes. 
     
     
       17. The electronic device defined in  claim 15  wherein the metal structures are configured to form an antenna resonating element. 
     
     
       18. The electronic device defined in  claim 15  wherein the metal structures include antenna structures and sensor structures. 
     
     
       19. An electronic device, comprising:
 a display layer configured to display an image; 
 a display cover layer; 
 a housing wall that is coupled to the display cover layer; 
 an image transport layer comprising a coherent fiber bundle having an input surface that receives the image from the display layer and an output surface on which the received image is viewable through the display cover layer; 
 electrical components embedded within the coherent fiber bundle and between the input surface and the output surface; and 
 circuitry that is electrically coupled to the electrical components.

Description:
This application claims the benefit of provisional patent application No. 62/760,669, filed Nov. 13, 2018, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     This relates generally to electronic devices, and, more particularly, to integrating circuitry into electronic device structures. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Electronic devices such as cellular telephones, tablet computers, and other electronic equipment may include sensors, wireless components, and other electrical components. 
     If care is not taken, electronic devices may not have a desired appearance or may be difficult to use satisfactorily. For example, when electrical components are incorporated into an electronic device with a display, the device may be bulky and unattractive or may not exhibit desired performance. 
     SUMMARY 
     An electronic device may have a display. The display may be coupled to a housing and covered with a display cover layer. Pixels in the display may be configured to display an image. 
     The electronic device may have an image transport layer that is interposed between the display and the display cover layer. The image transport layer may be formed from a coherent fiber bundle or Anderson localization material. 
     The image transport layer may have an input surface that receives the image that is being displayed by the pixels and may have a corresponding output surface. The received image from the input surface may be transported through the image transport layer to the output surface. The image that is presented on the output surface may be viewed by a user through the cover layer. 
     The electronic device may have circuitry that is embedded within the image transport layer. The circuitry that is embedded within the image transport layer may include capacitive touch sensor circuitry, antenna resonating element structures, input-output components, signal lines, and other circuitry. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram of an illustrative electronic device in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 2  is a top view of an illustrative electronic device in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative electronic device in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 4  is a perspective view of an illustrative corner of an electronic device in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative image transport layer in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 6  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative image transport layer in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIGS. 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11  are cross-sectional side views of illustrative image transport layers in accordance with embodiments. 
         FIGS. 12, 13, and 14  are cross-sectional side views of portions of illustrative electronic devices with image transport layers in accordance with embodiments. 
         FIG. 15  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative image transport layer with embedded circuitry in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 16  is a top view of an illustrative image transport layer with an embedded grid of conductive lines in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 17  is a top view of an illustrative image transport layer with an embedded set of parallel signal lines in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 18  is a top view of an illustrative image transport layer with an embedded antenna resonating element in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 19  is a top view of an illustrative image transport layer with an array of embedded components and associated signal lines in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 20  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative image transport layer having embedded circuitry for forming a capacitive sensor electrode for a capacitive sensor in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 21  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative image transport layer with embedded circuitry that is electrically coupled to circuitry on a substrate layer such as a display layer with organic light-emitting diode pixels in accordance with an embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Electronic devices may be provided with displays. A display in an electronic device may have an array of pixels for displaying images. To help enhance device aesthetics and/or to help enhance performance, the electronic device may include structures that transport light from an input surface to an output surface through coherent fiber bundle or a layer of Anderson localization material. Structures such as these may sometimes be referred to as image transport layers, image transport structures, image transport layer structures, etc. 
     As an example, an electronic device may have a display on which an image is displayed. An image transport layer may overlap the display so that an input surface of the image transport layer is adjacent to the display and receives the image from the display. The image transport layer transports the image from the input surface to a corresponding output surface of the image transport layer. The output surface faces outwardly from the device so that the image on the output surface may be viewed by a user of the electronic device. If desired, the output surface may have a curved cross-sectional profile. 
     To enhance device functionality, circuitry may be embedded within the image transport layer of an electronic device. The circuitry may include signal lines, electrodes for sensors, electrical components, haptic output components, sensors, antenna resonating elements, and/or other circuitry. If desired, the image transport layer may be configured to hide embedded circuitry from view from a user. For example, some or all of a metal structure may be embedded within an image transport layer at a location between the input and output surface. Fibers or other material such as Anderson localization material in the image transport layer may be bent around the metal structure to accommodate the metal structure within the image transport layer. During operation, an image from a display that is provided to the input surface of the image transport layer may be transported to the output surface for viewing by a user. When the output surface is viewed, the embedded metal structure may be hidden from view, thereby enhancing the appearance of the device. 
     A schematic diagram of an illustrative electronic device having an image transport layer is shown in  FIG. 1 . Device  10  may be a cellular telephone, tablet computer, laptop computer, wristwatch device or other wearable device, a television, a stand-alone computer display or other monitor, a computer display with an embedded computer (e.g., a desktop computer), a system embedded in a vehicle, kiosk, or other embedded electronic device, a media player, or other electronic equipment. 
     Device  10  may include control circuitry  20 . Control circuitry  20  may include storage and processing circuitry for supporting the operation of device  10 . The storage and processing circuitry may include storage such as nonvolatile memory (e.g., flash memory or other electrically-programmable-read-only memory configured to form a solid state drive), volatile memory (e.g., static or dynamic random-access-memory), etc. Processing circuitry in control circuitry  20  may be used to gather input from sensors and other input devices and may be used to control output devices. The processing circuitry may be based on one or more microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, baseband processors and other wireless communications circuits, power management units, audio chips, application specific integrated circuits, etc. 
     To support communications between device  10  and external equipment, control circuitry  20  may communicate using communications circuitry  22 . Circuitry  22  may include antennas, radio-frequency transceiver circuitry, and other wireless communications circuitry and/or wired communications circuitry. Circuitry  22 , which may sometimes be referred to as control circuitry and/or control and communications circuitry, may support bidirectional wireless communications between device  10  and external equipment over a wireless link (e.g., circuitry  22  may include radio-frequency transceiver circuitry such as wireless local area network transceiver circuitry configured to support communications over a wireless local area network link, near-field communications transceiver circuitry configured to support communications over a near-field communications link, cellular telephone transceiver circuitry configured to support communications over a cellular telephone link, or transceiver circuitry configured to support communications over any other suitable wired or wireless communications link). Wireless communications may, for example, be supported over a Bluetooth® link, a WiFi® link, a wireless link operating at a frequency between 10 GHz and 400 GHz, a 60 GHz link, or other millimeter wave link, a cellular telephone link, or other wireless communications link. Device  10  may, if desired, include power circuits for transmitting and/or receiving wired and/or wireless power and may include batteries or other energy storage devices. For example, device  10  may include a coil and rectifier to receive wireless power that is provided to circuitry in device  10 . 
     Device  10  may include input-output devices such as devices  24 . Input-output devices  24  may be used in gathering user input, in gathering information on the environment surrounding the user, and/or in providing a user with output. Devices  24  may include one or more displays such as display(s)  14 . Display  14  may be an organic light-emitting diode display, a liquid crystal display, an electrophoretic display, an electrowetting display, a plasma display, a microelectromechanical systems display, a display having a pixel array formed from crystalline semiconductor light-emitting diode dies (sometimes referred to as microLEDs), and/or other display. Display  14  may have an array of pixels configured to display images for a user. The display pixels may be formed on one or more substrates such as one or more flexible substrates (e.g., display  14  may be formed from a flexible display panel). Conductive electrodes for a capacitive touch sensor in display  14  and/or an array of indium tin oxide electrodes or other transparent conductive electrodes overlapping display  14  may be used to form a two-dimensional capacitive touch sensor for display  14  (e.g., display  14  may be a touch sensitive display). 
     Sensors  16  in input-output devices  24  may include force sensors (e.g., strain gauges, capacitive force sensors, resistive force sensors, etc.), audio sensors such as microphones, touch and/or proximity sensors such as capacitive sensors (e.g., a two-dimensional capacitive touch sensor integrated into display  14 , a two-dimensional capacitive touch sensor overlapping display  14 , and/or a touch sensor that forms a button, trackpad, or other input device not associated with a display), and other sensors. If desired, sensors  16  may include optical sensors such as optical sensors that emit and detect light, ultrasonic sensors, optical touch sensors, optical proximity sensors, and/or other touch sensors and/or proximity sensors, monochromatic and color ambient light sensors, image sensors, fingerprint sensors, temperature sensors, sensors for measuring three-dimensional non-contact gestures (“air gestures”), pressure sensors, sensors for detecting position, orientation, and/or motion (e.g., accelerometers, magnetic sensors such as compass sensors, gyroscopes, and/or inertial measurement units that contain some or all of these sensors), health sensors, radio-frequency sensors, depth sensors (e.g., structured light sensors and/or depth sensors based on stereo imaging devices that capture three-dimensional images), optical sensors such as self-mixing sensors and light detection and ranging (lidar) sensors that gather time-of-flight measurements, humidity sensors, moisture sensors, gaze tracking sensors, and/or other sensors. In some arrangements, device  10  may use sensors  16  and/or other input-output devices to gather user input. For example, buttons may be used to gather button press input, touch sensors overlapping displays can be used for gathering user touch screen input, touch pads may be used in gathering touch input, microphones may be used for gathering audio input, accelerometers may be used in monitoring when a finger contacts an input surface and may therefore be used to gather finger press input, etc. 
     If desired, electronic device  10  may include additional components (see, e.g., other devices  18  in input-output devices  24 ). The additional components may include haptic output devices, audio output devices such as speakers, light-emitting diodes for status indicators, light sources such as light-emitting diodes that illuminate portions of a housing and/or display structure, other optical output devices, and/or other circuitry for gathering input and/or providing output. Device  10  may also include a battery or other energy storage device, connector ports for supporting wired communication with ancillary equipment and for receiving wired power, and other circuitry. 
       FIG. 2  is a front (plan) view of electronic device  10  in an illustrative configuration in which display  14  covers some or all of the front face FR of device  10 . Opposing rear face RR of device  10  may be covered by a housing wall formed from glass, metal, polymer, and/or other materials. Rear face RR may be free of display pixels and/or may be partly or fully covered by display  14 . 
     Device  10  may include a housing (e.g., housing  12 ) that forms sidewall structures for device  10  and/or internal supporting structures (e.g., a frame, midplate member, etc.). Glass structures, transparent polymer structures, image transport layer structures, and/or other transparent structures that cover display  14  and other portions of device  10  may provide structural support for device  10  and may sometimes be referred to as housing structures. For example, a glass or polymer layer that covers and protects a pixel array in display  14  may serve as a display cover layer while also serving as a housing structure for device  10 . 
     In some illustrative arrangements, sidewall portions of device  10  may be covered with portions of display  14 . In the example of  FIG. 2 , device  10  is characterized by four peripheral edges: upper edge T, lower edge B, left edge L, and right edge R. Upper edge T and opposing lower edge B may run parallel to each other and parallel to the X axis of  FIG. 2 . Left edge L and opposing right edge R may run parallel to each other and parallel to the Y axis of  FIG. 2 . Front face FR and rear face RR may be planar (e.g., two parallel planes offset by a distance along the Z axis) and/or may include curved portions. 
     Touch sensor circuitry such as two-dimensional capacitive touch sensor circuitry may be incorporated into one or more displays in device  10  as separate touch sensor panels overlapping display pixels or as part of one or more display panels in device  10 . Touch sensors may be formed on front face FR, rear face RR, and/or edges (sidewall faces) T, B, R, and/or L. If desired, icons and other images for virtual buttons may be displayed by the pixels of device. For example, virtual buttons and/or other images may be displayed on front face FR, rear face RR, and/or edges T, B, R, and/or L and may overlap touch sensor circuitry. Haptic output devices may be used to provide haptic feedback when virtual buttons are selected (as an example). 
     Device  10  of  FIG. 2  has a rectangular outline (rectangular periphery) with four rounded corners. If desired, device  10  may have other shapes. For example, device  10  may have a shape that folds and unfolds along a bend (folding) axis and may include a display that overlaps or that does not overlap the bend axis, may have a shape with an oval footprint or circular outline, may have a cubic shape, may have a pyramidal, cylindrical, spherical, or conical shape, or may have other suitable shapes. The configuration of  FIG. 2  is illustrative. 
     If desired, openings may be formed in the surfaces of device  10 . For example, a speaker port and optical windows for an ambient light sensor, an infrared proximity sensor, and a depth sensor may be formed in a region such as upper region  30  of front face FR. A fingerprint sensor, touch sensor button, force-sensitive button, or other sensor that operates through display  14  may be formed under the portion of display in lower region  32  on front face FR and/or other portions of front face FR and/or other external surfaces of device  10 . Device  10  may be free of connector openings or an opening for a connector (e.g., a digital data connector, analog signal connector, and/or power connector) may be formed in portion  34  of the lower sidewall of device  10  running along lower edge B or elsewhere in device  10 . Openings may be omitted when power is received wirelessly or is received through contacts that are flush with the surface of device  10  and/or when data is transferred and received wirelessly using wireless communications circuitry in circuitry  22  or through contacts that are flush with the exterior surface of device  10 . 
       FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative electronic device. As shown in  FIG. 3 , device  10  may have a housing such as housing  12 . Housing  12  may include structures formed from glass, polymer, metal, wood, sapphire or other crystalline material, ceramic, fabric, other materials, and/or combinations of these materials. In some configurations, transparent portions of housing  12  may be configured to form display cover layers that overlap one or more displays or other light-emitting optical components. In the example of  FIG. 3 , display  14  is formed on front face FR of device  10 . Display  14  includes an array of pixels. During operation, the pixels are used to display an image for viewing by a user of device  10 . Arrays of pixels for displays in device  10  may sometimes be referred to as pixel layers, pixel array layers, displays, display structures, display layers, or display panels. In general, displays and other optical components may be located on front face FR, rear face RR, and/or sidewalls W of device  10  (e.g., sidewalls on edges T, B, R, and/or L). Housing  12  may have planar portions (e.g., in central portions of front face FR and rear face RR and/or on sidewalls W of device  10 ) and/or curved portions (e.g., curved edges, curved corners, portions of front face FR and/or rear face RR that have curved cross-sectional profiles, etc.). 
     As shown in  FIG. 3 , device  10  may include electrical components  50  in interior  46  (e.g., integrated circuits, sensors and other input-output devices, control circuitry, display layers such as organic light-emitting diode panels or other display layers, etc.). Electrical components  50  may, if desired, be mounted on printed circuits such as printed circuit  48  (e.g., flexible printed circuits and/or printed circuits formed from rigid printed circuit board material). In some configurations, a display may be formed on rear face RR. In other configurations, no display is present on rear face RR. In configurations in which no display is present on rear face RR, the portion of housing  12  on rear face RR may be formed from metal (e.g., a stainless steel or aluminum layer). For example, device  10  may have a rear housing wall formed from metal and may have optional sidewalls that extend upwardly from the rear housing wall. If desired, device  10  may have a rear housing wall and/or other housing walls formed from opaque glass, transparent glass coated with opaque materials such as ink or metal, and/or other housing wall materials. 
     In some configurations for device  10 , an opaque material such as metal or opaque polymer may form some or all of sidewalls W of device  10 . As an example, metal that forms some or all of a rear housing wall on rear face RR of device  10  may protrude upwardly along the edges of device  10  to form some or all of the sidewalls for device  10 . As another example, a peripheral metal band that forms some or all of the sidewalls of device  10  may extend around the rectangular periphery of device  10  (e.g., along upper edge T, right edge R, lower edge B, and left edge L). Sidewalls may have vertically extending planar surfaces and/or may exhibit other surface profiles (e.g., curved profiles). 
     If desired, some or all of the sidewalls of device  10  may be formed from clear material and may overlap light-producing components. This material may, as an example, be part of a display cover layer (e.g., a sidewall may be formed from an extension of a central display cover layer portion and may be formed from glass, polymer, crystalline material, etc.). Because clear layers of glass, plastic, crystalline material, and/or other clear layers of material in device  10  may enclose and protect internal device components, these outer layers of material in device  10  may serve as portions of housing  12  for device  10 . 
     In configurations for device  10  in which sidewalls have transparent portions formed from extending portions of a display cover layer or other transparent material, the sidewalls may overlap light-emitting components. Transparent sidewalls may have planar and/or curved surfaces and may be formed from clear glass, clear polymer, transparent crystalline material such as sapphire, and/or other transparent protective material. Displays (pixel arrays), light-emitting diodes covered with diffusing material, light-emitting diodes covered with patterned masks (e.g., opaque coatings with icon-shaped openings or openings of other shapes), and/or other light-emitting devices may be placed under clear sidewalls. 
     If desired, device  10  may have external surfaces with compound curvature. A perspective view of an illustrative corner portion of device  10  is shown in  FIG. 4 . In the example of  FIG. 4 , device  10  has edge portions  68  and  70  formed from sidewalls W ( FIG. 3 ). 
     Edge portions  68  and  70  may have surfaces that curve about axes  62  and  64 , respectively. These portions of housing  12  extend along the straight sides of device  10  and are characterized by curved surfaces that can be flattened into a plane without distortion (sometimes referred to as developable surfaces). At the corner of device  10  of  FIG. 4 , device  10  has curved surface portions CP with compound curvature (e.g., a surface that can only be flattened into a plane with distortion, sometimes referred to as a surface with Gaussian curvature). Each of the four corners of device  10  may have this arrangement, if desired. 
     Flexible displays such as organic light-emitting diode displays with flexible polyimide substrates or other bendable polymer substrates can be bent about axes such as axes  62  and  64  to form curved surfaces in portions  68  and  70  (e.g., these substrates may be bent without wrinkling or other undesired deformation). In compound curvature regions such as corner regions of device  10 , display  14  can be formed from materials that stretch (e.g., displays formed from mesh-shaped elastomeric substrate material), may be formed from flexible displays that are patterned to create one or more flexible strips and/or other structures that can be bent to cover at least part of the compound curvature regions, may be formed from bent tab portions that are part of a display (display substrate) that also is overlapped by a display cover layer on front face FR and/or other portions of device  10 , may be formed using pixels on one or more display substrates that are separate from a main central display substrate, and/or may be formed from other display structures. 
     To help accommodate optical components within housing  12 , device  10  (e.g., housing  12 ) may include one or more image transport layer structures (e.g., coherent fiber bundles or Anderson localization material). The image transport layer structures may transport light (e.g., image light and/or other light) from one surface to another while preventing the light from spreading laterally and thereby preserving the integrity of the image light or other light. This allows an image produced by an array of pixels in a flat or curved display to be transferred from an input surface of a first shape at a first location to an output surface with compound curvature or other desired second shape at a second location. The image transport layer may therefore move the location of an image and may optionally change the shape of the surface on which the image is presented. 
     Fiber bundles include fiber cores of a first refractive index surrounded by cladding (e.g., polymer) of a second, lower refractive index. In some configurations, additional polymer, which may sometimes be referred to as binder or secondary cladding, may be included. A cross-sectional view of an illustrative image transport layer formed from a fiber bundle is shown in  FIG. 5 . In the example of  FIG. 5 , image transport layer  80  is formed from a bundle of fibers  82 . Fibers  82  may have respective fiber cores  84 . Cores  84  may be surrounded by material with a different index of refraction than cores  84 . For example, each core  84  may have a first index of refraction and the material surrounding that core may have a second index of refraction that is lower than the first index of refraction by an index difference of at least 0.05, at least 0.1, at least 0.15, at least 10%, at least 20%, less than 50%, less than 30%, or other suitable amount. When the material surrounding cores  84  has a refractive index that is lower than cores  84 , light may be guided within cores  84  in accordance with the principal of total internal reflection. 
     In the example of  FIG. 5 , cores  84 , which may be formed from transparent material such as glass or polymer, are surrounded by lower index structures such as claddings  86  (e.g., glass or polymer of lower refractive index). Additional material (e.g., optional binder  88 ) may be included in image transport layer  80  (e.g., to hold fibers  82  in place, etc.). Binder  88  may be formed from a material (e.g., polymer or glass) with a refractive index lower than that of cores  84  and/or lower than that of cladding  86  to promote total internal reflection in cores  84 . In some configurations, cores  84  may be coated with metal and/or surrounded by air or other material to help confine light within cores  84 . Arrangements in which some of cores  84 , some of cladding  86 , and/or some of binder  82  are formed from materials such as opaque material, colored transparent material, infrared-light-blocking-and-visible-light-transmitting material, infrared-light-transmitting-and-visible-light-blocking material, and/or other materials may also be used. For example, some of these structures may be formed from a black polymer or other light-absorbing material to help absorb stray light (e.g., light that is not being guided within cores  84 ). If desired, polymer  88  may be omitted (e.g. in arrangements in which cladding  86  is used to hold fibers  82  together in image transport layer  80 ). 
     The diameters of cores  84  may be, for example, at least 5 microns, at least 7 microns, at least 8 microns, at least 9 microns, less than 40 microns, less than 17 microns, less than 14 microns, less than 11 microns, or other suitable diameter. Fibers  82  may have diameters of at least 6 microns, at least 7 microns, at least 8 microns, at least 9 microns, less than 50 microns, less than 17 microns, less than 14 microns, less than 11 microns, or other suitable diameter. 
     As shown in  FIG. 6 , fibers  82  may extend parallel to each other in image transport layer  80  (e.g., the fibers may run next to each other along the direction of light propagation through the fiber bundle). This allows image light or other light that is presented at input surface  90  to be conveyed to output surface  92 . In the example of  FIG. 6 , surfaces  90  and  92  are planar and fibers  82  extend in straight lines between surfaces  90  and  92 . Other arrangements such as arrangements in which fibers  82  are bent and/or taper and/or in which surface  90  and/or surface  92  have curved cross-sectional profiles may also be used. 
     In general, image transport layers such as image transport layer  80  of  FIG. 6  and the other FIGS. may be formed from a coherent fiber bundle (see, e.g.,  FIG. 5 ) or may be formed from Anderson localization material instead of a coherent fiber bundle. Anderson localization material is characterized by transversely random refractive index features (higher index regions and lower index regions) of about two wavelengths in lateral size that are configured to exhibit two-dimensional transverse Anderson localization of light (e.g., the light output from the display of device  10 ). These refractive index variations are longitudinally invariant (e.g., along the direction of light propagation, perpendicular to the surface normal of a layer of Anderson localization material). Configurations in which image transport layer  80  has a bundle of fibers  82  are sometimes described herein as an example. 
     Fiber bundles and Anderson localization material can be used to form plates (e.g., layers with a thickness of at least 0.2 mm, at least 0.5 m, at least 1 mm, at least 2 mm, at least 5 mm, less than 20 mm, or other suitable thickness) and/or other image transport structures (e.g., straight and/or bent elongated light pipes, spherical shapes, cones, tapered shapes, etc.). As described in connection with  FIG. 6 , the surfaces of image transport structures may be planar and/or may have curved profiles. 
     Image transport layers can be used to transport an image from a first surface (e.g., the surface of a pixel array) to a second surface (e.g., a surface in device  10  with compound curvature or other curved and/or planar surface shape) without causing the image light to spread laterally. For example, an image that is produced by a display can be transported 5 mm vertically through an image transport layer that is 5 mm thick and can then be viewed on the output surface of the image transport layer. As another example, an image transport layer may have a planar input surface and an output surface with a planar central region surrounded by curved edges and corners of compound curvature. With this type of arrangement, images produced by a display that rests against the planar input surface can be smoothly transported to an output surface without becoming blurred, even if the output surface contains curved portions such as areas of compound curvature. Curved image transport layer surfaces can be formed by polishing, slumping heated fiber bundle material, molding under heat and/or pressure, etc. In devices with optical sensors and other optical components, light may, if desired, be transported through an image transport structure to and/or from an optical component. 
     In portions of device  10  that have an externally viewable display, a display cover layer that forms at least part of housing  12  may be used to cover and protect image transport layer  80  or an image transport layer that is uncovered by a separate display cover layer may be used in forming at least part of housing  12 . 
     In arrangements in which a display cover layer is used to cover and project layer  80 , adhesive, touch sensor structures, diffuser layers, masking layers, filter layers, antireflection layers, and/or other structures may optionally be interposed between layer  80  and the display cover layer. The display cover layer may be formed from glass, polymer, ceramic, crystalline material such as sapphire, multiple layers of these materials and/or other materials and may have optional coatings (e.g., an antireflection layer, an antiscratch layer, an antismudge layer, etc.). The display cover layer may form some or all of housing  12  of  FIG. 3 . A display layer with an array of pixels that displays an image may be located within the interior of housing  12 . Image transport layer  80  may be interposed between the array of pixels and the display cover layer so that the image on the pixel array is transported from the input surface of the image transport layer to the output surface of the image transport layer. The image on the output surface of the image transport layer is visible through the display cover layer forming the portion of housing  12  that overlaps the image transport layer. 
     In arrangements in which no display cover layer is present, one or more portions of housing  12  of  FIG. 3  may be formed from an image transport layer that is not covered with a separate protective member. For example, an image transport layer with a planar central portion, curved peripheral edges, and corners of compound curvature may be used to form an upper portion and sidewall portion of housing  12 . In this type of configuration, the outside of image transport layer  80  is not covered with a separate display cover layer member so that output surface  92  forms the outermost surface of housing  12  of  FIG. 3 . The pixel array may be formed against input surface  90  of the image transport layer, which may form the innermost surface of housing  12  of  FIG. 3 . 
     During use, output surface  92  may contact external objects. To prevent damage to image transport layer  80  (e.g., the portion of housing  12  of  FIG. 3  that overlaps the pixel array), output surface  92  may be strengthened using a chemical strengthening process or other strengthening process. For example, in a scenario in which layer  80  is formed from glass, surface  92  of layer  80  may be strengthened using an ion exchange chemical strengthening treatment and/or other strengthening processes (e.g., heat treatment, etc.). Chemical strengthening may be performed by placing a glass image transport layer in a heated potassium salt bath to perform an ion-exchange process. Chemical strengthening in this way may enhance the compressive stress of the outermost surfaces of the glass image transport layer relative to deeper portions. Heat treatment (e.g., thermal tempering) may also be used to create compressive stress on outer surfaces of image transport layer  80 . By creating compressive stress on the surface of image transport layer  80 , the strength of output surface  92  may be enhanced. If desired, an antiscratch coating, an antireflection coating, an antismudge coating, and/or other exterior coating layers may be applied to surface  92 . When layer  80  is strengthened at output surface  92 , layer  80  is able to withstand damage during drop events and other events that impose stress on layer  80 . 
     Illustrative image transport layers  80  are shown in  FIGS. 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 . Structures such as these may have lower surfaces that serve as input surfaces (e.g., to receive image light from a display) and opposing upper surfaces (e.g., surfaces with curved edges aligned with the periphery of device  10 ). For example, structures such as these may be provided on front surface FR so that the curved edges of these structures run around the periphery of device  10  while the planar portions of these structures overlap the center of display  14  on front surface FR (as an example). 
     As shown in the example of  FIG. 7 , fibers  82  may be oriented to extend vertically through image transport layer  80 . 
       FIG. 8  shows how fibers  82  may be tilted by progressively increasing amounts at increasing distances toward the curved outer peripheral edge of image transport layer  80 . 
     In the example of  FIG. 9 , fibers  82  are both tilted and curved. 
       FIG. 10  shows how fibers  82  may contain multiple bends along their lengths. This allows the entrances and exit portions of the fibers to be oriented along the desired direction of light propagation. As an example, fiber  82 ′ may have an entrance portion with a longitudinal axis that is aligned parallel or nearly parallel to light entrance direction  94  so that light from a display or other optical component may be emitted efficiently into fiber  82  in direction  94 . Fiber  82 ′ may also have an exit portion with a longitudinal axis that is aligned parallel or nearly parallel to light emission direction  96  (e.g., a direction facing a viewer) so that light emitted from the curved edge portion of image transport layer will be directed toward the viewer rather than being angled away from the viewer. If desired, the entrance and output faces of each fiber may be oriented to facilitate light output in desired directions. Optional grooves and other structures may also be formed in image transport layer  80  (see, e.g., illustrative peripheral groove  98 ). This may facilitate the coupling of layer  80  to a housing structure and/or may otherwise facilitate the mounting of image transport layer  80  within device  10  (as an example). 
     In the illustrative configuration of  FIG. 11 , image transport layer  80  has multiple overlapped portions such as lower portion  80 - 1  and upper portion  80 - 2 . Portions  80 - 1  and  80 - 2  may be plates or other layers that have fibers  82  with different orientations. As an example, portion  80 - 1  may have vertically oriented fibers  82  and portion  80 - 2  may have tilted fibers that are oriented at a non-zero angle with respect to fibers  82  in portion  80 - 1 . Fibers  82  in different portions of layer  80  may, if desired, be aligned end-to-end. Arrangements in which fibers  82  in different portions of layer  80  are not aligned may also be used. If desired, image transport layer  80  may have three or more overlapped layers of fibers with potentially different orientations and/or shapes. Each sublayer of fibers  82  in layer  80  may have input and/or output surfaces that are planar and/or that are curved. The configuration of  FIG. 11  is merely illustrative. 
     Device  10  may include one or more protective structures formed from clear portions of housing  12 . As an example, housing  12  of device  10  may have a clear portion such as portion  12 - 1  of  FIG. 12  that overlaps image transport layer  80  and display layer  100 . Housing  12  may also have a portion such as portion  12 - 2  (e.g., a metal housing wall, a transparent housing wall such as a glass housing wall with an inner surface covered with an opaque masking material such as ink, metal, and/or other coating materials, and/or other housing wall materials). 
     Portion  12 - 1  may form a display cover layer that covers a display layer such as display layer  100 . Display layer  100  may have an active area such as active area  104  with an array of pixels  102  that display an image for a viewer such as viewer  108  who is viewing device  10  in direction  110 . Display layer  100  may also have an inactive area such as inactive border area  106  that contains metal signal paths, display driver circuitry, encapsulation structures, and other structures that do not emit light. Inactive border area  106  of display layer  100  is free of pixels and therefore does not display any part of the image that is displayed by display layer  100 . In some configurations, portion  12 - 1  may be omitted, so that image transport layer  80  forms housing  12  over display layer  100  and so that output surface  92  forms the outermost portion of housing  12  above display layer  100 . The arrangement of  FIG. 12  is illustrative. 
     To help hide inactive border area  106  from view by viewer (user)  108 , some of fibers  82  of image transport layer  80  may be tilted as shown in  FIG. 12 . As a result, the image from the pixel array in active area  104  on input surface  90  of layer  80  will be transported to an enlarged output surface  92 . Surface  92  overlaps inactive border area  106  when device  10  and display layer  100  are viewed in direction  110  as viewer  108  is viewing front face FR of device  10 , so that the image on surface  92  extends to the outermost periphery of device  10  or nearly to the outermost periphery of device  10 , thereby hiding inactive border area  106  from view. Image transport layer  80  of  FIG. 12  also has a curved edge profile and may have corners of compound curvature. 
     In the example of  FIG. 12 , fibers  82  are tilted by increasing amounts at increasing distances from the outer edge of area  104  toward the periphery of device  10 . If desired, fibers  82  may have one or more bends along their lengths, as shown in the illustrative arrangement for device  10  that is shown in  FIG. 13 .  FIG. 14  shows how display layer  100  may, if desired, have one or more portions that are bent. Layer  100  may, as an example, be formed from an organic light-emitting diode display substrate of polyimide or other flexible polymer covered with thin-film transistors, thin-film organic light-emitting diode pixels, and/or other thin-film circuitry. In this type of arrangement, layer  100  may have one, two, three, four, or more than four edges with curved cross-sectional profiles as shown in  FIG. 14 . Image transport layer  80  may have a mating curved input surface that receives an image from layer  100  and may have a curved output surface. The curved output surface of image transport layer  80  may mate with the curved inner surface of housing portion  12 - 1 . 
     Other arrangements for placing image transport layer  80  over display layer  100  may be used, if desired. For example, portions of image transport layer  80  may, if desired, overlap opaque housing structures (e.g., to provide device  10  with a borderless appearance). Image transport layer  80  may also serve as the outermost structure of device  10  (e.g., housing portion  12 - 1  may be omitted). The configurations of  FIGS. 12, 13, and 14  are illustrative. 
     In some configurations, portions of device  10  are not covered with active portions of display  14  and are therefore available to accommodate components such as sensors  16 , speakers, and/or other electrical components. For example, one or more areas on front face FR of device  10  may be available to accommodate electrical components. These areas may be free of pixels and free of any of the output surface of image transport layer  80  that is emitting an image presented to the input surface of that image transport layer. 
     Sensors such as capacitive sensors, radio-frequency circuitry, signal lines, electrical components for forming sensors and other input and output devices, and other circuitry may be incorporated into image transport layer  80 . This type of arrangement may help place electrical components at a desired distance (e.g., a small distance) from the outermost surface of device  10 . For example, by placing capacitive sensor circuitry in image transport layer  80 , capacitive sensor electrodes in layer  80  may be placed close to the exterior surface of device  10 , thereby enhancing sensor accuracy and sensitivity when making sensor measurements. As another example, placement of wireless circuitry such as antennas within image transport layer  80  may help separate such wireless circuitry from potentially interfering conductive structures in the interior of device  10  and can enhance wireless signal transmission and reception. 
       FIG. 15  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative image transport layer into which electrical structures have been embedded. As shown in  FIG. 15 , image transport layer  80  may have an input surface such as input surface  90  and a corresponding output surface such as output surface  92 . Images that are provided to input surface  90  are transported to output surface  92  for viewing by a user. The material of layer  80  (e.g., Anderson localization material or fibers  82 ) may be configured to accommodate embedded structures. For example, fibers or other material may be bent around conductive structures such as metal structure  110  and/or electrical components such as component  112 . In this way, sufficient space may be made available for structures within layer  80  without disrupting the image transport capabilities of image transport layer  80  (e.g., an image can still be transported from input surface  90  to output surface  92  during operation). As shown in  FIG. 15 , structure  110  and component  112  may be located between surfaces  90  and  92  and need not touch surfaces  90  and  92 . Arrangements in which some of structure  110  and/or component  112  reach surface  90  and/or surface  92  may also be used. 
     Metal structure  110  may be a trace (e.g., a metal trace) formed from a thin-film metal layer (e.g., a deposited metal coating or other conductive thin-film layer), may be a metal wire, may be a strip of metal foil formed by stamping, laser cutting, or other patterning techniques, and/or may be other conductive structures. 
     Component  112  may be a packaged electrical component such as a packaged integrated circuit, may be a haptic output device (e.g., a piezoelectric actuator), may be a capacitive sensing device, may be a force sensor, may be an audio component, may be a temperature sensor, and/or may be any other suitable electronic device (see, e.g., the components of input-output devices  24 , communications circuitry  22 , and control circuitry  20  of  FIG. 1 ). If desired, circuitry such as structure  110  and/or component  112  may be distributed within layer  80 . As an example, a touch sensor may have an array of capacitive sensor elements and an array of haptic feedback devices in layer  80 . As another example, a capacitive sensor may have capacitive sensor electrodes (e.g., metal pillars, pads, and/or lines) and signal routing lines embedded within layer  80 . Component  112  may, if desired, be an optical component and portions of layer  80  (e.g., one or more fibers  82  overlapping component  112 ) may be configured to transmit and/or receive light between component  112  and output surface  92  (e.g., in a configuration in which some but not all of the fibers  82  of layer  80  bend around component  112 ). Arrangements in which components such as component  112  and structures such as structure  110  are hidden within layer  80  by routing the fibers or other material in layer  80  around component  112  and structure  110  as shown in  FIG. 15  may sometimes be described herein as an example. 
       FIGS. 16, 17, and 18  are top (plan) views of illustrative configurations for embedded structures (e.g., conductive structures such as metal structures  110 ) within image transport layer  80 . 
     In the example of  FIG. 16 , metal structures  110  include horizontal metal lines  110 H and vertical metal lines  110 V. Lines  110 H and  110 V may cross each other at right angles to form a grid that extends laterally across image transport layer  80 . For example, lines  110 H and  110 V may be used to form capacitive sensor electrodes (e.g., drive lines and sense lines) in a two-dimensional capacitive touch sensor. With this type of arrangement, capacitive sensor circuitry coupled to metal structures  110  may detect which intersection between lines  110 H and  110 V is being overlapped by a user&#39;s finger or other external object (see, e.g., illustrative finger location  114  of  FIG. 16 ). In this way, a two-dimensional capacitive sensor formed using metal structures  100  of  FIG. 16  may determine the location of finger input or other touch input. If desired, other types of electrode shapes and/or signal line patterns may be used to gather capacitive sensor input (e.g., non-grid patterns of conductive lines, patterns with diagonal lines, electrode patterns with pillars and/or pads of electrode material, etc.). 
     As shown in  FIG. 17 , metal structures  110  may form signal paths. For example, metal structures  110  may form metal signal lines (e.g., one or more lines such as the illustrative set of parallel signal lines of  FIG. 17 ). The signal lines that are formed may form a data but that carries serial and/or parallel data. The signal paths formed by metal structures  110  may also form transmission lines for carrying radio-frequency signals. In general, analog signals, digital signals, power signals, radio-frequency signals, and/or other signals may be conveyed by signal paths formed from metal signal lines or structures  110 . 
     In the example of  FIG. 18 , metal structures  110  have been configured to form an antenna. The antenna may include an antenna resonating element, antenna ground structures, parasitic antenna resonating elements, and/or other suitable antenna structures). In the example of  FIG. 18 , the antenna includes a dipole antenna resonating element (as an example). In some configurations, a portion of housing  12  or other structures in the device  10  may serve as an antenna ground or other antenna structure. In general, any suitable type of antenna may be formed from metal structures  110 . The antennas formed using structures  110  may be, for example, antennas with resonating elements that are formed from patch antenna structures, loop antenna structures, inverted-F antenna structures, slot antenna structures, planar inverted-F antenna structures, monopoles, dipoles, helical antenna structures, Yagi (Yagi-Uda) antenna structures, hybrids of these designs, etc. If desired, one or more of the antennas may be cavity-backed antennas. Different types of antennas may be used for different bands and combinations of bands. For example, one type of antenna may be used in forming a local wireless link antenna and another type of antenna may be used in forming a remote wireless link antenna. Dedicated antennas may be used for receiving satellite navigation system signals or, if desired, antennas can be configured to receive both satellite navigation system signals and signals for other communications bands (e.g., wireless local area network signals and/or cellular telephone signals). Dedicated antennas may be used for performing millimeter and centimeter wave spatial ranging operations if desired. The antennas in layer  80  may include antennas arranged in one or more phased antenna arrays for handling millimeter and centimeter wave communications and/or for handling spatial ranging operations. 
     The antenna formed from metal structures  110  may be coupled by a transmission line or other circuitry to radio-frequency transceiver circuitry  116  (e.g., transceiver circuitry in communications circuitry  22  of  FIG. 1 ). Circuitry  116  may include Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver circuits, local wireless transceiver circuits, remote wireless transceiver circuits (e.g., cellular telephone circuitry), and/or millimeter wave transceiver circuits, near-field communications circuits. If desired, antennas (e.g., coil antennas and/or patch antennas formed from metal structures  110 ) can also be used in transmitting and/or receiving wireless power signals using wireless power transmitting and/or receiving circuitry in device  10 . 
     Local wireless transceiver circuits in transceiver circuitry  116  may include wireless local area network (WLAN) transceiver circuitry. Wireless local area network transceiver circuitry may handle 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands for WiFi® (IEEE 802.11) communications and may handle the 2.4 GHz Bluetooth® communications band. 
     Remote wireless transceiver circuits in transceiver circuitry  116  may include cellular telephone transceiver circuitry. Cellular telephone transceiver circuitry may handle wireless communications in frequency ranges such as a communications band from 700 to 960 MHz, a communications band from 1710 to 2170 MHz, and a communications band from 2300 to 2700 MHz or other communications bands between 600 MHz and 4000 MHz or other suitable frequencies (as examples). Cellular telephone transceiver circuitry may handle voice data and non-voice data. 
     Millimeter wave transceiver circuits in circuitry  116  (sometimes referred to herein as extremely high frequency (EHF) transceiver circuitry or millimeter wave transceiver circuitry) may support communications at frequencies between 10 GHz and 300 GHz. For example, millimeter wave transceiver circuitry may support communications in Extremely High Frequency (EHF) or millimeter wave communications bands between about 30 GHz and 300 GHz and/or in centimeter wave communications bands between about 10 GHz and 30 GHz (sometimes referred to as Super High Frequency (SHF) bands). As examples, millimeter wave transceiver circuitry may support communications in an IEEE K communications band between about 18 GHz and 27 GHz, a K a  communications band between about 26.5 GHz and 40 GHz, a K u  communications band between about 12 GHz and 18 GHz, a V communications band between about 40 GHz and 75 GHz, a W communications band between about 75 GHz and 110 GHz, or any other desired frequency band between 10 GHz and 300 GHz. If desired, millimeter wave transceiver circuitry may support IEEE 802.11ad communications at 60 GHz and/or 5 th  generation mobile networks or 5 th  generation wireless systems (5G) communications bands between 27 GHz and 90 GHz. Millimeter wave transceiver circuitry may also support communications at multiple frequency bands between 10 GHz and 300 GHz such as a first band from 27.5 GHz to 29.5 GHz, a second band from 37 GHz to 41 GHz, a third band from 57 GHz to 71 GHz, and/or other communications bands between 10 GHz and 300 GHz. Millimeter wave transceiver circuitry and/or other transceiver circuitry  116  may be formed from one or more integrated circuits (e.g., multiple integrated circuits mounted on a common printed circuit in a system-in-package device, one or more integrated circuits mounted on different substrates, etc.). 
       FIG. 19  is a top view (sometimes referred to as a plan or front view) of an illustrative image transport layer with embedded circuitry. As shown in  FIG. 19 , the circuitry that is embedded in image transport layer  80  may include metal structures  110  configured to form vertical and/or horizontal signal lines extending laterally through image transport layer  80 . These signal paths may be configured to route signals to and/or from an array of electrical components  112 . As an example, components  112  may be arranged in an array with rows and columns, the components  112  of each row may be coupled to a signal line in that row, and the components  112  of each column may be coupled to a signal line in that column. With this type of arrangement, individual components  112  may be addressed. For example, control circuitry in device  10  may control a component  112  to cause that component  112  to provide desired output such as desired light output, desired haptic output, desired acoustic output, desired electrical output, or other desired output and/or control circuitry in device  10  may control a component  112  to obtain a sensor measurement or other input from that component  112  such as a desired capacitive sensor measurement, force measurement, temperature measurement, etc. Arrangements of the type shown in  FIG. 19  may therefore be used to embed a two-dimensional array of input-output components (see, e.g., devices  24  of  FIG. 1 ) within image transport layer  80  so that these components can be used in providing desired output and gathering desired input over a two-dimensional surface of image transport layer  80  and a corresponding two-dimensional surface of device  10 . 
     If desired, portions of metal structures  110  may extend to one or both of the surfaces of image transport layer  80 . As shown in  FIG. 20 , for example, image transport layer  80  may be uncovered by any display cover layer (housing structure  12 - 1  may optionally be omitted from device  10 ). Metal structures  110  may be embedded within image transport layer  80  (e.g., to form signal lines that extend in a two-dimensional pattern laterally across layer  80  in dimensions X and Y). Periodically (e.g., at different X and Y positions across layer  80 ), metal structures  110  may be configured to form a vertically extending pillar-like structure (see, e.g., the pillar formed by metal structure  110  of  FIG. 20 , which extends in the Z dimension). The tips of the pillars formed from metal structures  110  may be exposed at output surface  92 . This allows these portions of metal structures  110  to be contacted directly by a user&#39;s finger (see, e.g., finger  120  of  FIG. 20 ) or other external object. Capacitive sensor circuitry coupled to metal structures  110  may be used to measure capacitance changes in structures  110  due to the presence of finger  120  on a particular pillar or set of pillars (e.g., the pillars may serve as direct-contact capacitive sensor electrodes). 
     In the example of  FIG. 21 , metal structures  110  have been configured to periodically contact thin-film circuitry in substrate  122 . Substrate  122  may be a display layer (e.g., display layer  100 ) that has an array of pixels P (e.g., thin-film organic light-emitting diode pixels with light-emitting diodes and corresponding thin-film pixel control circuitry) or other suitable substrate. Thin-film circuitry in cells such as cell  124  and/or circuitry elsewhere in substrate  122  may be electrically coupled to metal structures  110 . For example, conductive material  126  (e.g., solder, conductive adhesive, conductive material associated with a weld, etc.) may be used in electrically coupling metal structures  110  to circuitry in substrate  122  and/or control circuitry elsewhere in device  10 . Capacitive coupling structures may also be used. Adhesive  128  may be used to couple substrate  122  to input surface  90  of image transport layer  80 . Structures  110  may extend to surface  90  to electrically couple to circuitry in substrate  122  via conductive material  126  and, if desired, may extend to surface  92 . Using this type of arrangement, metal structures  110  may be configured to form capacitive sensor electrodes and the circuitry of substrate  122  and/or other circuitry in device  10  may form capacitive sensor circuitry that is used in making capacitive sensor measurements (e.g., two-dimensional touch input measurements in a touch sensor). 
     As described above, one aspect of the present technology is the gathering and use of information such as sensor information. The present disclosure contemplates that in some instances, data may be gathered that includes personal information data that uniquely identifies or can be used to contact or locate a specific person. Such personal information data can include demographic data, location-based data, telephone numbers, email addresses, twitter ID&#39;s, home addresses, data or records relating to a user&#39;s health or level of fitness (e.g., vital signs measurements, medication information, exercise information), date of birth, username, password, biometric information, or any other identifying or personal information. 
     The present disclosure recognizes that the use of such personal information, in the present technology, can be used to the benefit of users. For example, the personal information data can be used to deliver targeted content that is of greater interest to the user. Accordingly, use of such personal information data enables users to calculated control of the delivered content. Further, other uses for personal information data that benefit the user are also contemplated by the present disclosure. For instance, health and fitness data may be used to provide insights into a user&#39;s general wellness, or may be used as positive feedback to individuals using technology to pursue wellness goals. 
     The present disclosure contemplates that the entities responsible for the collection, analysis, disclosure, transfer, storage, or other use of such personal information data will comply with well-established privacy policies and/or privacy practices. In particular, such entities should implement and consistently use privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining personal information data private and secure. Such policies should be easily accessible by users, and should be updated as the collection and/or use of data changes. Personal information from users should be collected for legitimate and reasonable uses of the entity and not shared or sold outside of those legitimate uses. Further, such collection/sharing should occur after receiving the informed consent of the users. Additionally, such entities should consider taking any needed steps for safeguarding and securing access to such personal information data and ensuring that others with access to the personal information data adhere to their privacy policies and procedures. Further, such entities can subject themselves to evaluation by third parties to certify their adherence to widely accepted privacy policies and practices. In addition, policies and practices should be adapted for the particular types of personal information data being collected and/or accessed and adapted to applicable laws and standards, including jurisdiction-specific considerations. For instance, in the United States, collection of or access to certain health data may be governed by federal and/or state laws, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), whereas health data in other countries may be subject to other regulations and policies and should be handled accordingly. Hence different privacy practices should be maintained for different personal data types in each country. 
     Despite the foregoing, the present disclosure also contemplates embodiments in which users selectively block the use of, or access to, personal information data. That is, the present disclosure contemplates that hardware and/or software elements can be provided to prevent or block access to such personal information data. For example, the present technology can be configured to allow users to select to “opt in” or “opt out” of participation in the collection of personal information data during registration for services or anytime thereafter. In another example, users can select not to provide certain types of user data. In yet another example, users can select to limit the length of time user-specific data is maintained. In addition to providing “opt in” and “opt out” options, the present disclosure contemplates providing notifications relating to the access or use of personal information. For instance, a user may be notified upon downloading an application (“app”) that their personal information data will be accessed and then reminded again just before personal information data is accessed by the app. 
     Moreover, it is the intent of the present disclosure that personal information data should be managed and handled in a way to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use. Risk can be minimized by limiting the collection of data and deleting data once it is no longer needed. In addition, and when applicable, including in certain health related applications, data de-identification can be used to protect a user&#39;s privacy. De-identification may be facilitated, when appropriate, by removing specific identifiers (e.g., date of birth, etc.), controlling the amount or specificity of data stored (e.g., collecting location data at a city level rather than at an address level), controlling how data is stored (e.g., aggregating data across users), and/or other methods. 
     Therefore, although the present disclosure broadly covers use of information that may include personal information data to implement one or more various disclosed embodiments, the present disclosure also contemplates that the various embodiments can also be implemented without the need for accessing personal information data. That is, the various embodiments of the present technology are not rendered inoperable due to the lack of all or a portion of such personal information data. 
     The foregoing is merely illustrative and various modifications can be made to the described embodiments. The foregoing embodiments may be implemented individually or in any combination.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20191113
Publication Date: 20221129
Grant Date: 20221129
Priority Date: 20181113
Inventors: WANG, YING-CHIH
BROWN, MICHAEL J.
WITTENBERG, MICHAEL B.
KELLEY, PAUL C.
PHOUTHAVONG, RASAMY
KAKUDA, TYLER R.
GUILLOU, Jean-Pierre S.
RAMMAH, MARWAN
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H01Q1/22", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0412", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K2201/10151", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K1/0274", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B6/06", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K1/189", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K5/03", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0446", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K2201/10128", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K5/0017", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K1/185", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/40", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K1/189", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/40", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K2201/10151", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01L51/5237", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K1/0274", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K5/03", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B6/06", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0446", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K5/0017", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K2201/10128", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0412", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K1/185", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B6/06", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B6/08", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10K50/84", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10K59/87", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10K59/878", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10K59/8792", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 84230724