PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-12133314-B2
Application Number: US-202117229729-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Electronic devices having failsafe mechanisms with near field communications

Abstract:
First and second parts of an optical component may be spatially separated and not electrically connected. A passive side may contain an optical element. An active side may contain a light-emitting device. To detect damage to the optical element, passive side circuitry that is associated with the optical element may monitor a fail-safe resistor on the optical element for changes in resistance. The circuitry may use a passive side near-field communications antenna to transmit information such as information on the fail-safe resistor to active side circuitry that is associated with the light-emitting device using near-field communications. The active side circuitry can receive the transmitted information using an active side near-field communications antenna and can adjust the light-emitting device accordingly. The active side circuitry can also monitor the active side near-field communications antenna to detect when the passive side and active side antennas have been moved apart.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An electronic device, comprising:
 a housing; and 
 an optical component in the housing, wherein the optical component comprises a passive side having a passive side near-field communications antenna and an active side having an active side near-field communications antenna, wherein the passive side comprises an optical element and a conductive trace on the optical element, wherein the passive side is configured to use the passive side near-field communications antenna to communicate with the active side, and wherein the active side is configured to use the active side near-field communications antenna to communicate with the passive side. 
 
     
     
       2. The electronic device defined in  claim 1  wherein the conductive trace has a plurality of turns and is configured to form the passive side near-field communications antenna. 
     
     
       3. The electronic device defined in  claim 2  wherein the conductive trace forms a fail-safe resistor. 
     
     
       4. The electronic device defined in  claim 1  wherein the passive side further comprises a fail-safe mechanism. 
     
     
       5. The electronic device defined in  claim 4  wherein the passive side is configured to monitor the fail-safe mechanism. 
     
     
       6. The electronic device defined in  claim 5  wherein the passive side is configured to use the passive side near-field communications antenna to wirelessly transmit information gathered by monitoring the fail-safe mechanism to the active side. 
     
     
       7. The electronic device defined in  claim 5  wherein the passive side is configured to compare measurements from the fail-safe mechanism to a threshold and is configured to use the passive side near-field communications antenna to wirelessly transmit results of the comparisons to the active side. 
     
     
       8. The electronic device defined in  claim 1  further comprising a printed circuit coupled to the optical element, wherein the passive side near-field communications antenna is formed from a conductive trace on the printed circuit. 
     
     
       9. The electronic device defined in  claim 1  wherein the active side comprises a light-emitting device configured to emit light through the optical element. 
     
     
       10. The electronic device defined in  claim 9  further comprising a fail-safe mechanism to monitor the optical element, wherein the light-emitting device comprises a laser, wherein the passive side is configured to use the passive side near-field communications antenna to wirelessly provide the active side with information gathered by monitoring the fail-safe mechanism, and wherein the active side is configured to adjust the laser based at least partly on the information. 
     
     
       11. The electronic device defined in  claim 1  wherein the active side is configured to make measurements on the active side near-field communications antenna and is configured to adjust the active side based at least partly on the measurement. 
     
     
       12. The electronic device defined in  claim 11  where the measurements comprise near-field communications antenna impedance measurements. 
     
     
       13. The electronic device defined in  claim 1  wherein the active side comprises vector network analyzer circuitry coupled to the active side near-field communications antenna. 
     
     
       14. The electronic device defined in  claim 13  wherein the active side comprises a laser and wherein the active side is configured to adjust the laser based on information from the vector network analyzer circuitry. 
     
     
       15. The electronic device defined in  claim 1  wherein the conductive trace forms a fail-safe resistor, wherein the active side comprises a laser configured to emit light through the optical element, and wherein the passive side is configured to log data gathered on the fail-safe resistor. 
     
     
       16. The electronic device defined in  claim 1  wherein the optical element has multiple regions covered by multiple respective fail-safe resistors and wherein the passive side is configured to monitor the fail-safe resistors. 
     
     
       17. The electronic device defined in  claim 1  wherein the passive side and active side near-field communications antennas are configured to convey wireless signals between the passive and active sides, the electronic device further comprising an adjustable device, wherein the active side is configured to adjust the adjustable device based on feedback associated with measurements of the wireless signals, wherein the adjustable device comprises an adjustable device selected from the group consisting of: a laser with an adjustable output power, a laser controlled by an adjustable switch, and a movable laser. 
     
     
       18. The electronic device defined in  claim 1  wherein the active side comprises a light-emitting device configured to emit light through the optical element, wherein the active side is configured to detect when the passive side and active side near-field communications antennas move relative to each other, and wherein the active side is configured to halt light emission from the light-emitting device in response to detecting that the passive side and active side near-field communications antennas have moved relative to each other. 
     
     
       19. The electronic device defined in  claim 1  wherein the passive side is configured to form a near-field communications tag. 
     
     
       20. The electronic device defined in  claim 19  wherein the active side is configured to form a near-field communications reader. 
     
     
       21. The electronic device defined in  claim 20  wherein the active side comprises a laser configured to emit light through the optical element. 
     
     
       22. The electronic device defined in  claim 21  wherein the passive side is configured to store authentication information and wherein the active side is configured to prevent light emission from the laser in response to determining that the authentication information is inauthentic. 
     
     
       23. An optical component comprising:
 passive and active sides that are separated by an air gap and that are not electrically connected, wherein the passive side comprises:
 an optical element having a fail-safe resistor; and 
 passive side circuitry that is configured to measure the fail-safe resistor and that is configured to transmit information about the fail-safe resistor via near-field communications, and wherein the active side comprises: 
 a light-emitting device; and 
 active side circuitry that is configured to receive the information about the fail-safe resistor via near-field communications and that is configured to adjust the light-emitting device based on the received information. 
 
 
     
     
       24. An optical component, comprising:
 an optical element; 
 a conductive trace on the optical element forming a fail-safe resistor; 
 a passive side near-field communications antenna; 
 passive side circuitry configured to:
 receive wireless power using the passive side near-field communications antenna; 
 monitor the fail-safe resistor to gather information on damage to the optical element; and 
 transmit the information using the passive side near-field communications antenna; and 
 
 an infrared laser that is not electrically connected to the passive side circuitry; 
 an active side near-field communications antenna; and 
 active side circuitry configured to receive the transmitted information and adjust the infrared laser based on the received information. 
 
     
     
       25. The optical element defined in  claim 24  wherein the active side circuitry is configured to monitor the active side near-field communications antenna to detect when the passive side near-field communicators antenna has been moved relative to the active side near-field communications antenna and is configured to prevent light emission from the infrared laser in response to detecting that the passive side near-field communications antenna has been moved relative to the active side near-field communications antenna. 
     
     
       26. A system, comprising:
 passive side subsystem having a passive side near-field communications antenna and having passive side circuitry configured to receive wireless power using the passive side near-field communications antenna; and 
 an active side subsystem having an active side near-field communications antenna configured to wirelessly communicate with the passive side near-field communications antenna, wherein the active side subsystem is configured to use the active side near-field communications antenna to monitor relative position between the passive side subsystem and the active side subsystem. 
 
     
     
       27. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs having computer-executable instructions configured to be executed by one or more circuits of an electronic device, the computer-executable instructions comprising instructions for:
 with a passive side of a system in the device, monitoring a fail-safe mechanism; 
 with a passive side near-field communications antenna in the passive side, wirelessly transmitting information gathered by monitoring the fail-safe mechanism; 
 with an active side near-field communications antenna in an active side of the system in the device, receiving the wirelessly transmitted information; and 
 adjusting an adjustable device in the active side based on the received wirelessly transmitted information.

Description:
FIELD 
     This relates generally to electronic devices, and, more particularly, to electronic devices with optical components. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Electronic devices such as tablet computers, cellular telephones, and other equipment are sometimes provided with optical components. These optical components may include light-emitting devices and corresponding optical elements sensors such as diffusers. To ensure that the optical components are operated within desired limits, failsafe mechanisms may be deployed. 
     SUMMARY 
     A system may have subsystems. For example, an electronic device may have a module or other system such as an optical component system that has multiple submodules or other subsystems. First and second parts (subsystems or submodules) of an optical component or other system may be spatially separated and disconnected from each other electrically. With this type of arrangement, an air gap may be present between the subsystems while no electrical pathways are present to convey wired signals between the subsystems. 
     To permit power and/or data to be conveyed between the subsystems (e.g., the first and second parts of the system), the first part may be provided with a first near-field radio-frequency (RF) communications antenna and the second part may be provided with a second near-field RF communications antenna. The first part of the optical component and the first near-field communications antenna may sometimes be referred to as forming an “active side” of the optical component or other system. The second part of the optical component or other system and the second near-field communications antenna may sometimes be referred to as forming a “passive side” of the optical component. The active side may include a light-emitting device or other adjustable device. The light-emitting device and other circuitry on the active side may receive wired power. The passive side may correspond to an optical element such as a diffuser that receives light from the light-emitting device or other subsystem. The passive side may be precisely aligned to a product enclosure and physically separated from the active side, giving rise to potential challenges with creating physical wiring between the active side and passive side. Accordingly, the near-field communications antenna in the passive side may receive wireless power from the near-field communications antenna in the active side. 
     Using these antennas, power may be transferred from the active side to the passive side and the circuitry of the active and passive sides may communicate with each other wirelessly. This arrangement allows power to be supplied to the passive side without requiring physical wires. This arrangement also allows information (sometimes referred to as fail-safe information) on potential damage to a portion of the passive side to be reported to the active side, which can then take appropriate action. The active side can also measure antenna impedance, resonant frequency, and/or other radio-frequency antenna characteristics using vector network analyzer circuitry or other monitoring circuitry. This allows the active side to detect if the active and passive sides have moved with respect to each other. If movement is detected, appropriate action may be taken. 
     The use of wireless power and communications between the active and passive sides, helps with product integration. Tight alignment of the optical element to other features in the system may be achieved, such as an array of fine apertures—the laser cannot be tightly aligned to these because it may be bound to other independent features like a receiver with its own alignment scheme, with very tight requirements on the drive synchronization of the laser and receiver (e.g., they should be close/coupled). 
     In general, the wireless circuitry of the active and passive sides may be used for any subsystems in a product to allow these systems to communicate with each other and monitor or enforce their relative positioning, without the burden of physically interconnecting them. Arrangements in which the active and passive sides correspond to first and second parts (submodules) of a module such as an optical component may sometimes be described herein as an example. 
     In an illustrative configuration, the passive side of the optical component contains an optical element and the active side contains a light-emitting device such as an infrared laser that is configured to emit light through the optical element. To detect damage to the optical element, passive side circuitry that is associated with the optical element may monitor a fail-safe system (sometimes referred to as a fail-safe mechanism). The fail-safe system may use capacitive fail-safe electrodes, ultrasonic fail-safe monitoring, and/or other fail-safe circuitry. In an illustrative configuration, which is sometimes be described herein as an example, the fail-safe system includes a fail-safe resistor. Other types of fail-safe arrangements may be used, if desired. 
     The fail-safe resistor on the optical element may be monitored by the passive side circuitry for changes in resistance. Using near-field communications, the passive side may use a near-field communications antenna to transmit information such as information on the fail-safe resistor to a near-field communications antenna on the active side. The active side can receive the transmitted information using its near-field communications antenna and can adjust the light-emitting device accordingly. For example, light emission may be prevented in response to detection of damage to the optical element. The active side can also monitor its near-field communications antenna to detect when the antennas of the active and passive sides have been moved relative to each other or other undesired change in operation has occurred, thereby indicating that the optical element has moved relative to the light-emitting device or has otherwise changed its operation. In response, light emission may be prevented or other action taken. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is a schematic diagram of an illustrative electronic device in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG.  2    is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative electronic device in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG.  3    is a side view of an illustrative optical component in which near-field communications is being used to communicate between parts of the component that are spatially separated and electrically disconnected in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG.  4    is a side view of an illustrative optical element with a metal trace or other conductive trace forming a failsafe resistor in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG.  5    is a top view of the illustrative optical element of  FIG.  4    in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG.  6    is a top view of an illustrative coil serving as an antenna for near-field communications in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG.  7    is a side view of a pair of illustrative near-field communications antennas in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG.  8    is a circuit diagram of illustrative circuitry in a component with near-field communications between spatially separated parts of the component in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG.  9    is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative optical component in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIGS.  10  and  11    are flow charts of illustrative operations associated with monitoring an optical component in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIGS.  12  and  13    are side views of illustrative optical elements with near-field communications antennas in accordance with embodiments. 
         FIG.  14    is a top view of an illustrative optical element with a pair of failsafe resistors formed from metal traces in different regions of the element in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG.  15    is an illustrative timing diagram showing how component operations may be monitored in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG.  16    is a perspective view of an illustrative near-field communications antenna formed using a three-dimensional set of coil turns in accordance with an embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     A schematic diagram of an illustrative electronic device that may include one or more optical components is shown in  FIG.  1   . Electronic device  10  of  FIG.  1    may be a computing device such as a laptop computer, a computer monitor containing an embedded computer, a tablet computer, a cellular telephone, a media player, or other handheld or portable electronic device, a smaller device such as a wristwatch or other device worn on a user&#39;s wrist, a pendant device, a headphone or earpiece device, a head-mounted device such as eyeglasses, goggles, or other equipment worn on a user&#39;s head, or other wearable or miniature device, a television, a computer display that does not contain an embedded computer, a gaming device, a navigation device, an embedded system such as a system in which electronic equipment with a display is mounted in a kiosk or automobile, equipment that implements the functionality of two or more of these devices, or other electronic equipment. Illustrative configurations in which device  10  is a portable device such as a cellular telephone or tablet computer of may sometimes be described herein as an example. 
     As shown in  FIG.  1   , electronic device  10  may have control circuitry  16 . Control circuitry  16  may include storage and processing circuitry for supporting the operation of device  10 . The storage and processing circuitry may include storage such as hard disk drive storage, nonvolatile memory (e.g., flash memory or other electrically-programmable-read-only memory configured to form a solid state drive), volatile memory (e.g., static or dynamic random-access-memory), etc. Processing circuitry in control circuitry  16  may be used to control the operation of device  10 . The processing circuitry may be based on one or more microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, baseband processors, power management units, audio chips, application specific integrated circuits, etc. Control circuitry  16  may include communications circuitry for supporting wired and/or wireless communications between device  10  and external equipment. For example, control circuitry  16  may include wireless communications circuitry such as cellular telephone communications circuitry, wireless local area network communications circuitry, and near-field communications circuitry. 
     Input-output circuitry in device  10  such as input-output devices  12  may be used to allow data to be supplied to device  10  and to allow data to be provided from device  10  to external devices. Input-output devices  12  may include buttons, joysticks, scrolling wheels, touch pads, key pads, keyboards, microphones, speakers, tone generators, haptic output devices, cameras, light-emitting diodes and other status indicators, data ports, etc. A user can control the operation of device  10  by supplying commands through input-output devices  12  and may receive status information and other output from device  10  using the output resources of input-output devices  12 . 
     Input-output devices  12  may include one or more displays such as display  14 . Display  14  may be an organic light-emitting diode display, a display formed from an array of crystalline semiconductor light-emitting diode dies, a liquid crystal display, or other display. Display  14  may be a touch screen display or a display that is insensitive to touch. 
     As shown in  FIG.  1   , input-output devices  12  may include sensors  18 . Sensors  18  may include capacitive sensors, light-based proximity sensors, magnetic sensors, accelerometers, force sensors, touch sensors, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, inertial measurement units, accelerometers, gyroscopes, compasses, microphones, radio-frequency sensors, three-dimensional image sensors (e.g., structured light sensors with light emitters such as infrared light emitters configured to emit structured light and corresponding infrared image sensors, three-dimensional sensors based on pairs of two-dimensional image sensors, etc.), cameras (e.g., visible light cameras and/or infrared light cameras with or without associated flood illuminators and/or flash systems), light-based position sensors (e.g., lidar sensors), monochrome and/or color ambient light sensors, and other sensors. Sensors  18  such as ambient light sensors, image sensors, optical proximity sensors, lidar sensors, optical touch sensors, and other sensors that use light and/or components that emit light such as status indicator lights and other light-emitting components may sometimes be referred to as optical components. If desired, sensors  18  may include integrity monitoring (failsafe) sensors. 
     A cross-sectional side view of an illustrative electronic device is shown in  FIG.  2   . As shown in  FIG.  2   , device  10  may include housing  22 . Housing  22 , which may sometimes be referred to as an enclosure or case, may be formed of plastic, glass, ceramics, fiber composites, metal (e.g., stainless steel, aluminum, etc.), other suitable materials, or a combination of any two or more of these materials. In the example of  FIG.  2   , device  10  has a front F and an opposing rear R. Display  14  may be mounted at front F and may be covered by a transparent portion of housing  22  such as display cover layer  22 C. 
     As shown in the cross-sectional side view of device  10  of  FIG.  2   , housing  22  (including portion  22 C) may separate an interior region of device  10  such as interior region  30  from an exterior region surrounding device  10  such as exterior region  32 . Housing  22  may be formed using a unibody configuration in which some or all of housing  22  is machined or molded as a single structure or may be formed using multiple structures (e.g., an internal frame structure, one or more structures that form exterior housing surfaces, etc.). If desired, a strap may be coupled to a main portion of housing  22  (e.g., in configurations in which device  10  is a wristwatch or head-mounted device). 
     Optical components such as optical component  36  and/or other internal electrical components (e.g., integrated circuits, discrete components, light sources, light detectors, cameras, and other optical components, etc.) for forming control circuitry  16  and input-output devices  12  may be mounted in interior  30  of housing  22  (e.g., on one or more substrates such as printed circuit  38 ). In some configurations, components may be mounted in interior  30  under or adjacent to display  14  and/or adjacent to a rear housing wall portion of housing  22  at rear R. For example, one or more front-facing optical components such as component  36  may be mounted under a portion of display  14  and may be configured to operate through partially transparent portions of display  14  and display cover layer  22 C in a front-facing arrangement. If desired, optical components in device  10  may also include one or more rear-facing optical components that are mounted under a transparent rear housing wall in housing  22  or that are mounted under an optical component window. In general, components such as optical component  36  may be formed in any suitable portion of device  10  and may be mounted to one or more printed circuits such as printed circuit  38 . The example of  FIG.  2    is illustrative. 
     Optical components such as component  36  may include devices that emit and/or detect light (see, e.g., light-based components in sensors  18 ), may include flood illuminators for two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) image sensors and/or other sensors (e.g., flood illuminators that emit a sequence of flood infrared illumination), may include gaze tracking sensors (e.g., light emitters that create eye illumination and glints for a gaze tracker), may include components that emit structured light (e.g., optical modules that project 2D or 3D spatially structured patterns onto far-field objects), may include optical proximity sensors that emit and detect infrared light, may include time-of-flight sensors, may include coherent lidar sensors, may include ambient light sensors, may include two-dimensional and/or three-dimensional image sensors, may include fingerprint sensors (e.g., optical fingerprint sensors), and/or may include other optical components. 
       FIG.  3    is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative optical component. As shown in  FIG.  3   , optical component  36  may include parts such as active and passive sides that are spatially separated from each other and that are not electrically interconnected (e.g., no conductive paths between the active and passive sides are present to carry wired power or signals between the active and passive sides). In the example of  FIG.  3   , the passive side may include an optical element such as optical element  36 D and the active side may include a light source such as light-emitting device  36 L. 
     Light-emitting device  36 L may be, for example, a visible or infrared laser device having one or more semiconductor lasers (e.g., one or more vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers and/or other laser diodes). Light-emitting device  36 L may also include beam-shaping optics in the light path of laser light emitted towards optical element  36 D, such as a collimating lens. Optical element  36 D may include beam-shaping optics such as geometric optics (e.g., a microlens array) and/or flat optics (e.g., diffractive optics and meta-surfaces), may be a diffractive optical element such as a grating, may be a hologram, may be a diffuser, may be a lens, may have multiple lenses arranged to form a microlens array, may have an array of nanostructures on a planar substrate that form one or more metalenses, may include a prism, a mirror, and/or may include one or more other optical structures that reflect, focus, diffuse, diffract, refract, and/or otherwise modify light emitted by device  36 L. An illustrative configuration, device  36 L contains an array of infrared lasers and element  36 D is a diffuser so that component  36  may provide diffuse infrared illumination (e.g., component  36  may operate as an infrared flood illumination for an infrared image sensor). Other arrangements may be used, if desired. Configurations in which device  36 L contains lasers and element  36 D is a diffuser are merely illustrative. 
     As shown in  FIG.  3   , element  36 D may be mounted in interior  30  behind structure  40 . Structure  40  may be a display, display cover layer  22 C, an optical window, transparent housing wall structures, and/or other structures in housing  22  and/or other portions of device  10  that allow component  36  to transmit and/or receive light (e.g., light to illuminate exterior region  32 , light from exterior region  32 , etc.). In some arrangements, element  36  may operate through display  14 . For example, display  14  may be a thin-film organic light-emitting diode display with partially transparent anodes and/or pixel definition layer openings that are transparent to light or may be another display with partially transparent areas through which light for component  36  may pass (e.g., a light-emitting diode display having an array of semiconductor light-emitting diode dies between which transparent regions are present). In this type of arrangement, optical element  36 D may include an array of microlenses, metalenses, and/or other optical structures that help direct light emitted by device  36 L through the openings in display  14 . Lenses, nanostructures, diffusing structures, and/or other optical structures for element  36 D may sometimes be supported by a transparent substrate in element  36 D (e.g., a transparent planar substrate formed from glass, transparent polymer, transparent ceramic, transparent crystalline material such as sapphire, etc.). In general, components  36  may be mounted at any suitable location in device  10 . The use of a component mounting location that is behind a display is merely illustrative. 
     As the example of  FIG.  3    demonstrates, component  36  may be formed from two or more spatially separated parts. The spatially separated parts may be separated by an air gap and may be free from any direct electrical or mechanical connections. For example, component  36  may have spatially separated active and passive sides (portions) where no conductive paths directly or indirectly bridge the air gap separating the active and passive sides and where there is thus no wired communications path spanning the gap. The component may also be free of any mechanical members that directly span the air gap between the active and passive sides. 
     In an illustrative arrangement, a first part of component  36  such as element  36 D may be mounted on structure  40  (e.g., display  14  and/or display cover layer  22 C), whereas a second part of component  36  such as device  36 L may be mounted at another location in interior  30  (e.g., on a structure that is coupled to the rear of housing  22  or other interior support structure where device  36 L may emit light  49  that passes through element  36 D and structure  40 ). Device  36 L may, as an example, be mounted at a distance D from element  36 D. The value of D may be at least 100 microns, at least 300 microns, at least 1 mm, at least 3 mm, at least 9 mm, less than 10 mm, less than 4 mm, less than 2 mm, less than 900 microns, less than 400 microns, or other suitable value. Device  36 L may be mounted in interior  30  so that device  36 L may emit light  49  that passes through element  36 D and structure  40  during operation of device  10  (e.g., to provide infrared flood illumination for an image sensor, etc.). 
     To ensure eye and skin safety for users of device  10 , optical component  36  may be provided with one or more safety mechanisms. These safety mechanisms may include one or more failsafe sensors that can detect when structures have been damaged by exposure to excessive stress or other undesired conditions. In an illustrative configuration, a metal trace that serves as a failsafe resistor may be included in circuitry  44  that is associated with element  36 D (and that is formed adjacent to element  36 D and/or as part of element  36 D). The metal trace may be formed from a zig-zagged metal line that covers some or all of the surface of element  36 D. If a crack or a chip develops in element  36 D, the metal trace will form an open circuit or otherwise experience a rise in resistance above its normal value. By detecting the rise in resistance of the failsafe resistor, damage to element  36 D can be detected and appropriate action taken (e.g., to prevent the emission of light  49  from device  36 L, etc.). 
     In addition to one or more failsafe sensors such as failsafe resistors or other failsafe sensing structures, circuitry  44  may include control circuitry for performing resistance measurements on the failsafe resistor and may include wireless communications circuitry for wirelessly communicating with corresponding circuitry  42  that is associated with device  36 L (and that is formed as part of device  36 L and/or is adjacent to device  36 L). Both circuitry  44  and circuitry  42  may include coils that serve as near-field communications (NFC) antennas and may include processing and communications circuitry. During operation, wireless signals  46  may be transmitted from circuitry  42  to circuitry  44  and/or may be transmitted from circuitry  44  to circuitry  42 . Signals  46  may have any suitable frequency (e.g., 13.56 MHz, at least 10 kHz, at least 100 kHz, at least 1 MHz, at least 10 MHz, less than 10 GHz, less than 1 GHz, less than 100 MHz, less than 15 MHz, etc.). 
     Wireless signals  46  may be used to convey power and data. As an example, circuitry  42  may include NFC reader circuitry and circuitry  44  may include corresponding NFC tag circuitry. During operation, the reader circuitry may transmit signals  46  to the tag circuitry using an NFC antenna in circuitry  42 . The tag circuitry may receive the transmitted signals using an NFC antenna in circuitry  44 . The tag circuitry may then harvest energy from the received signals to use in powering circuitry  44 . 
     When powered using wireless power from circuitry  42 , circuitry  44  can perform failsafe resistor measurements and other operations and can send corresponding data to circuitry  42 . If desired, signal measurements that are sensitive to alignment between the corresponding NFC antennas may also be made and processed to provide failsafe functions. As an example, circuitry  42  may monitors its NFC antenna to make measurements of NFC antenna impedance, to measure the resonant frequency of its NFC antenna, to measure a signal strength associated with signals being communicated between circuitry  42  and  44 , and/or to measure other characteristics associated with the NFC link between circuitry  42  and  44 . This information may then be used to determine whether element  36 D is properly aligned with device  36 L, etc. As an example, antenna measurements can be used to determine when an NFC antenna associated with the NFC tag has been moved away from an NFC antenna associated with the NFC reader. Because this movement may indicate that device  36 L and  36 D are not aligned for proper operation, appropriate action such as preventing light emission from device  36 D may be taken in response. 
     The use of a wireless link between the spatially separated parts of component  36  can reduce or eliminate the need for mechanical contacts for transferring power and data between these parts, can support the transmission of fail-safe measurements between these parts, can be used to perform alignment and/or proximity measurements (by detecting antenna impedance changes, resonant frequency changes, and/or signal strength changes associated with relative movement between the NFC antennas), can be used to provide wireless feedback signals from one part of component  36  to another, etc. By reducing or eliminating the need for mechanical coupling and/or contact between device  36 L and element  36 D of component  36 , the accuracy with which component  36  is aligned with respect to structures in device  10  can be enhanced (e.g., the accuracy with which element  36 D is aligned to display openings and/or other features of structure  40  may be enhanced because mechanical forces on element  36 D that could cause misalignment can be reduced or eliminated). 
       FIG.  4    is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative optical element for component  36 . As shown in  FIG.  4   , optical element  36 D may have the shape of a planar layer that lies parallel to the X-Y plane. The thickness of this layer may be at least 1 micron, at least 10 microns, at least 100 microns, at least 1000 microns, less than 10 mm, less than 5 mm, less than 500 microns, less than 50 microns, or other suitable thickness. Thin-film metal traces may be formed on one or both surfaces of element  36 D and/or may be embedded within element  36 D during fabrication of element  36 D to serve as a fail-safe resistor (resistor  50 ) that can detect cracks, chips, liquid / dust ingression or other damage to element  36 D and/or other fail-safe sensors may be incorporated into component  36 . Terminals  52  of resistor  50  may be monitored by control circuitry in circuitry  44 .  FIG.  5    is a top view of optical element  36 D of  FIG.  4    showing how resistor  50  may have a path that covers the surface of element  36 D. The metal trace may sawtooth along its length and/or may have other configurations. The example of  FIG.  5    in which the metal trace of resistor  50  has straight segments to cover most or all of the surface of element  36 D with uniform spacing is illustrative. Alternatively, the trace of resistors  50  may have zig-zag segments, sinusoidal segments, multi-layers of interleaving segments in metal or thin-film conductive materials to ensure maximum fail-safe coverage. The fail-safe trace may be formed as non-planar layer following non-planer optical surfaces, such as a geometric lens, lens array, Fresnel lens, wedge, wedge array etc. 
       FIG.  6    is a front view of an illustrative NFC antenna of the type that may be used in forming the NFC antenna of circuitry  44  and that may be used in forming the NFC antenna of circuitry  42 . As shown in  FIG.  6   , NFC antenna  54  may be a coil (inductor) having a rectangular ring shape with multiple turns  56  and a pair of terminals  58 . There may be any suitable number of turns in the coil of antenna  54  (e.g., at least 1, at least 2, at least 5, at least 10, at least 20, fewer than 200, fewer than 50, fewer than 10, etc.). Turns  56  may be formed from patterned metal traces on or within a substrate (e.g., a printed circuit substrate, a substrate that forms part of device  36 L, a substrate that forms part of element  36 D, etc.). 
       FIG.  7    is a side view of NFC antennas for component  36  (e.g., one antenna  54  associated with circuitry  44 , which forms a passive side of component  36 , and another (aligned) antenna  54  that is associated with circuitry  42 , which forms an active side of component  36 ). When it is desired to transmit wireless power, an alternating-current signal may be applied to the second NFC antenna, creating wireless signals  46 . When it is desired to receive wireless power, corresponding alternating-current signals that are received by the NFC antenna of the passive side may be rectified to produce direct-current power. Bidirectional NFC communications (e.g., half-duplex communications or other communications) may be performed using the antennas of the active and passive sides to transmit and/or receive data in signals  46 . NFC communications between circuitry  42  and circuitry  44  may comply with radio-frequency identification (RFID) standards or may use other suitable communications protocols. 
     The arrangement of  FIG.  7    allows wireless power to be transferred between device  36 L (e.g., circuitry  42 ) and element  36 D (e.g., circuitry  44 ). The arrangement of  FIG.  7    also allows data to be transmitted bidirectionally. If desired, antennas  54  can also be used to make failsafe measurements. For example, circuitry  42  may include vector network analyzer circuitry or other circuitry that can measure the radio-frequency characteristics of antennas  54  (e.g., antenna impedance, antenna resonant frequency, received signal strength, etc.). These measurements may be influenced by the relative placement of antennas  54  with respect to each other or any physical change in the tag (passive side) antenna. Should antennas  54  shift laterally (e.g., within the X-Y plane), should antennas  54  (e.g., turns  56 ) separate (e.g., along the Z axis), and/or should antennas  54  (e.g., turns  56 ) tilt with respect to each other, the efficiency with which wireless signals are transmitted and/or received, the measured impedance of the antennas, the measured antenna resonant frequency, and/or other radio-frequency characteristics of the NFC circuitry in component  36  may vary. One of the NFC antennas of component  36  may be formed directly on element  36 D or may be mechanically coupled to element  36 D, so movements of this NFC antenna will be indicative of movement of element  36 D. Another of the NFC antennas of component  36  may be formed directly on device  36 L or may be mechanically coupled to device  36 L (e.g., by forming the antenna on a printed circuit that is directly connected to device  36 L), so movements of this other NFC antenna will be indicative of movement of device  36 L. By measuring changes in one or more radio-frequency characteristics of the NFC circuitry with respect to pre-calibrated values or ranges, it can therefore be determined whether element  36 D and device  36 L are properly aligned or have moved with respect to each other. If misalignment or other changes are detected, suitable action may be taken. For example, light emission may be prevented from device  36 L if more than a threshold amount of movement is detected. 
       FIG.  8    is a circuit diagram of illustrative circuitry for component  36 . As shown in  FIG.  8   , circuitry  42  may include wireless power transmitter  60  and circuitry  44  may include a corresponding wireless power receiver  64 . Transmitter  60  may be used to drive alternating-current signals into one antenna  54  (e.g., an antenna  54  in circuitry  42 ) to produce wireless signals  46  that are received by another corresponding antenna  54  (e.g., an antenna  54  in circuitry  44 ). Receiver  64  may have a rectifier that rectifies the received signals from antenna  54  to produce DC power. The DC power may be used to operate circuitry  44  and may be optionally stored in energy storage device  68  (e.g., a capacitor, a battery, etc.). Transceiver circuitry  62  and  66  may support bidirectional NFC communications using antennas  54 . Circuitry  62  may, for example, allow circuitry  42  to transmit data to circuitry  44  and may allow circuitry  44  to transmit data to circuitry  42  via near-field communications. If desired, transmitter  60  may be formed as part of circuitry  62  and/or receiver  64  may be formed as part of circuitry  66 . During operation, circuitry  44  may use resistance measurement circuitry to measure the resistance of resistor  50  or may use any other suitable sensing circuitry to monitor the condition of the passive side circuitry. 
       FIG.  9    is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative optical component with NFC circuitry to support fail-safe monitoring between two spatially separated parts of the component. In the example of  FIG.  9   , component  36  includes an active side including device  36 L, which may be coupled to a portion of housing  22  (e.g., housing  22 B). Signal paths such as lines  79  or may supply power and/or data (e.g., control signals such as drive currents for lasers and/or other driver signals) from control circuitry  16 . Device  36 L may use an array of two or more lasers  36 L′ to emit respective beams of infrared light  49  to a corresponding passive side of component  36  such as optical element  36 D. Optical element  36 D may be coupled to a support structure such as housing  22 A (e.g., a display cover layer formed from a transparent layer of material such as a glass layer) and/or other housing structures. Housing  22 A may be coupled to housing  22 B, but need not necessarily be precisely aligned with respect to housing  22 B. During operation, light  49  passes through element  36 D (e.g., to that element  36 D may modify light  49  before this light exits device  10 ). Control circuitry  42  in device  36 L may include one or more integrated circuits such as a laser driver integrated circuit and a separate NFC reader integrated circuit, an integrated circuit that includes both laser driver circuitry and NFC reader circuitry, or one or more other integrated circuits. In the example of  FIG.  9   , antenna traces for antennas  54  have been formed on optical element  36 D and on printed circuit  76  (which may be, for example, a printed circuit in device  36 L that is mounted to an opening in the rear of package  36 P). If desired, antenna traces for antennas  54  may be formed on other support structures. 
     Circuitry  44  (e.g., one or more integrated circuits such as an NFC tag integrated circuit and a microcontroller unit integrated circuit that communicates with the NFC tag integrated circuit over an I 2 C bus or other wired communications path and/or an integrated circuit that combines circuitry from these integrated circuits onto a single die), may be supported by optical element  36 D (e.g., a substrate for a diffuser or other element) and/or may be mounted on other support structures. For example, circuitry  44  may include one or more integrated circuits mounted on a printed circuit that is coupled to element  36 D such as printed circuit  70  (see, e.g., circuitry  44 ). 
     If desired, electro-magnetic shielding may be incorporated into device  10  in the vicinity of component  36  (e.g., to shield surrounding components such as display  14  from radio-frequency interference from component  36  and/or to shield component  36  from radio-frequency interference from display  14  and/or other circuitry). This magnetic shielding may be formed from ferrite layers and/or other ferrimagnetic and/or ferromagnetic structures formed from magnetic material. Optionally, a layer / network of conductive material may be formed from electrical shielding grounding (see, e.g., illustrative shielding  72 , which may overlap some or all of element  36 D and which may have one or more openings to allow light  49  to pass and/or which may be formed in a ring such as ring  74  that overlaps ring-shape NFC antenna  54  on element  36 D, as examples). Electro-magnetic shielding may also be provided below device  36 L (e.g., a layer of magnetic material for magnetic shielding  78  and/or a layer of conductive material for electrical shielding/grounding may be attached under printed circuit  38 ). Potential interference between radio-frequency aggressors and victims may also be avoided by using time-division multiplexing, by selecting non-interfering frequencies, etc. 
     During the operation of device  10 , control circuitry  16  in device  10  such as circuitry  42  and/or  44  may gather readings from antennas  54  and/or fail-safe resistor  50  and may process this information (e.g., by comparing measured values to thresholds). Circuitry  42  and/or  44  and/or other control circuitry in device  10  may then take action based on the processed information. As an example, if a resistance measurement indicates that element  36 D has become damaged, the control circuitry can prevent device  36 L from emitting light. As another example, if an antenna measurement on NFC antenna(s)  54  indicates that element  36 D and device  36 L have become misaligned (e.g., because someone repairing device  10  has opened up the housing of device  10  and thereby moved element  36 D away from device  36 L), the control circuitry can prevent device  36 L from emitting light. In this way, eye and skin safety for component  36  is ensured. 
     In addition to controlling component  36  to ensure safely, measurements on the fail-safe resistor, the operation of NFC antennas  54 , and/or other aspects of the operation of component  36  may be used in controlling adjustable components in device  10 . Devices  12  may, as an example, include one or more beam shutters, switches, beam steerers, retarders, polarizers, diffusers, light modulators, filters, lenses, display components (e.g., components associated with display  14 ), adjustable parts of component  36 , and/or other components that can be dynamically adjusted using control signals applied to these components from control circuitry  16  (e.g., circuitry  42 , circuitry  44 , and/or other circuitry in device  10 ). These adjustable components may be used in adjusting the performance of optical structures in device  10 , may be used in adjusting light  49  that is provided to element  36 D by device  36 L or is passing through element  36 D, etc. When a fail-safe resistor resistance measurement, an NFC antenna measurement, or other measurement indicates that an adjustable component should be adjusted, corresponding adjustments may be made by the control circuitry of device  10 . As just one example, if components become slightly misaligned, compensating adjustments may be made using a beam steering device to correct for the misalignment. Output power adjustments to device  36 L and/or other adjustable component changes may also be made using feedback from fail-safe resistor measurements, other fail-safe mechanism measurements (e.g., capacitive sensor fail-safe mechanism measurements, ultrasonic sensor fail-safe mechanism measurements, etc.), and/or NFC measurements. As an example, device  36 L may have a laser(s) coupled in series with a switch and the output of the laser can be adjusted by opening and closing the switch. As another example, device  36 L may have one or more lasers whose output power is adjusted by adjusting respective drive currents to the lasers. In another example, a piezoelectric actuator, stepper motor, solenoid, or other actuator may be used to adjust the position of a movable laser or other movable light-emitting subsystem in response to feedback. 
     Measurements by circuitry  44  may be processed locally and/or may be transmitted to circuitry  42  as raw data. Consider, as examples, the illustrative operations of  FIGS.  10  and  11   . 
     In the example of  FIG.  10   , measurements of the resistance of fail-safe resistor  50  are processed locally by circuitry  44 . For example, during the operations of block  80 , circuitry  44  may measure the resistance of resistor  50  and may compare this measured resistance value to a predetermined threshold amount or may use any other type of sensing to check on the passive side (e.g., fail-safe sensing mechanisms based on capacitive sensors, ultrasonic sensors, and/or other fail-safe mechansism information gathered by the passive side using, for example, a fail-safe mechanisms coupled to an optical component or other passive side device). Prior to performing the measurement operations of block  80 , pre-measurement set-up and checking operations may be performed. For example, during the operations of block  79 , circuitry  44  may perform self-checking operations, circuitry  42  and  44  may perform handshaking and proximity checking, circuitry  42  may power up, and circuitry  42  may perform self-checking operations. Upon successful completion of block  79 , operations may proceed to block  80 . 
     The results of threshold comparisons or other resistance measurement processing operations can be wirelessly transmitted from circuitry  44  to circuitry  42  by near-field communications. If a measured resistance is less than a threshold, a logical “0” or other information indicating that the resistance is less than the threshold may be transmitted to circuitry  42 . In response to determining that the measured resistance is greater than the threshold, circuitry  44  can conclude that element  36 D has been damaged and can send circuitry  42  a logical “1” or other information indicating that appropriate action should be taken. 
     During the operations of block  82 , the processed results that were transmitted by circuitry  44  may be received at circuitry  42  and used by circuitry  42  in taking appropriate action (e.g., by blocking the emission of light  49 , by adjusting an adjustable component, etc.). In addition to measuring the resistance of fail-safe resistor  50  during the operations of block  80 , circuitry  44  may make NFC antenna impedance measurements, may make antenna resonant frequency measurement, and/or may make other measurements that are processed locally before corresponding results are sent to circuitry  42 . The transmission of processed data indicative of the state of resistor  50  is illustrative. With an arrangement of the type shown in  FIG.  10    in which data is processed before being transmitted from circuitry  44  to circuitry  42 , the amount of bandwidth consumed by the NFC communications between circuitry  44  and circuitry  42  may be reduced. 
     An alternative approach is shown in the flow chart of  FIG.  11   . With this approach, raw data is transmitted from circuitry  44  to circuitry  42  for processing. For example, during the operations of block  84 , circuitry  44  may measure the resistance of fail-safe resistor  50  and may send these measurements (without processing) to circuitry  42 . Prior to performing the measurement operations of block  84 , pre-measurement set-up and checking operations may be performed. For example, during the operations of block  83 , circuitry  44  may perform self-checking operations, circuitry  42  and  44  may perform handshaking and proximity checking, circuitry  42  may power up, and circuitry  42  may perform self-checking operations. Upon successful completion of block  83 , operations may proceed to block  80 . 
     During the operations of block  86 , circuitry  42  may receive and process the raw resistance measurements (e.g., each resistance measurement may be compared to a threshold resistance value to determine whether optical element  36 D has been damaged). If a measured resistance is determined to be greater than the desired resistance value, appropriate action may be taken (e.g., device  36 L may be turned off to prevent emission of light  49 ). If desired, near-field communications antenna measurements (e.g., antenna impedance measurements, resonant frequency measurements, received signal strength measurements, etc.) may be made during the operations of block  84  and transmitted as raw data to circuitry  42 . 
     In some embodiments, data gathered by measurements at circuitry  44  may be processed locally (in circuitry  44 ) and may also be processed in circuitry  42 . Circuitry  42  may also make local measurements that characterize the operation of component  36 . As an example, circuitry  42  may make NFC antenna measurements using antenna(s)  54  (e.g., circuitry  42  may use vector network analyzer circuitry or other circuitry to measure antenna resonant frequency, to measure antenna impedance, to gather received signal strength information, etc.), may gather local resistance measurements on fail-safe traces in circuitry  42 , and/or may gather other data locally. Circuitry  42 , circuitry  44 , and/or other control circuitry  16  in device  10  may take any suitable action in response to resistance measurements, near-field communications antenna measurements, and/or other measurements. These actions may include, for example, partly lowering the power of light  49  or preventing the emission of light  49 , adjusting adjustable components, issuing alerts, etc. 
     Antenna traces for antennas  54  may be formed at any suitable location in component  36 . As an example, turns  56  for antenna  54  of element  36 D may be formed from a metal trace that is patterned directly on element  36 D as shown in  FIG.  12    or may be formed on a separate printed circuit such as ring-shaped printed circuit  70  of  FIG.  13   , which is coupled to element  36 D (e.g., with anisotropic conductive film connections, solder joints, welds, or other conductive connections). If desired, turns  56  in antenna  54  may also be used to form fail-safe resistor  50  (e.g., the same conductive trace (e.g., a metal trace or a trace formed from other conductive material) may be used in forming antenna  54  and resistor  50  to conserve space on element  36 D). 
     One or more portions of components  36  may have fail-safe sensors. As shown in  FIG.  14   , for example, multiple fail-safe resistors  50  may be formed from different respective metal traces on element  36 D (e.g., different regions of element  36 D may be covered with different respective resistors  50 , allowing circuitry  44  to gather information on the location of potential damage in element  36 ). 
     Monitoring operations (e.g., resistance monitoring operations on one or more fail-safe resistors) and/or other monitoring operations (e.g., NFC antenna measurements such as impedance measurement, resonant frequency measurements, or other measurements such as measurements made using vector network analyzer circuitry, received signal strength measurements, etc.) may be made at any suitable time during the operations of device  10 . Consider, as an example, the timing diagram of  FIG.  15   . In  FIG.  15   , time periods  90  corresponding to periods of time when device  36 L is active and is emitting light  49 . In this example, device  36 L is otherwise turned off. Resistance measurements or other fail-safe measurements may be made just before each active laser period (see, e.g., times  92 , just before the laser is turned on during periods  90 ), may be made during time periods  90  (e.g., at times  94  which may, as an example, be spaced apart by a time period TP of at least 1 ms, at least 5 ms, at least 20 ms, less than 100 ms, less than 30 ms, less than 15 ms, or other suitable time period), and/or may be made at any other suitable times (e.g., periodically during use of device  10  regardless of whether light  49  is being emitted). Data may be wirelessly transferred between circuitry  44  and circuitry  42  at 424 kbit/s (in accordance with some NFC protocols) or at other suitable data transfer rates (e.g., a custom data transfer rate above or below 424 kbit/s). 
     If desired, measured fail-safe resistance values for resistor  50  may be retained within circuitry  44 . For example, a battery or other energy storage device (see, e.g., energy storage device  68  of  FIG.  8   ) may power circuitry  44  so that circuitry  44  can continually log resistance measurements from resistor  50  and/or other measurements. Log data may be processed periodically to determine whether a fault is present and/or whether adjustments should be made to adjustable components. For example, once every N resistance measurements, aggregated measurements and/or individual measurements from the log may be transmitted wirelessly form circuitry  44  to circuitry  42 . The value of N may be at least 5, at least 10, 12, at least 20, less than 50, less than 25, less than 7, or other suitable number. 
     To ensure that component  36  is operating correctly, it may be desirable to authenticate the parts of component  36  that operate with each other. As an example, element  36 D may be provided with authentication information such as a serial number or other identifier. This identifier may be stored in circuitry  44 . As circuitry  42  and  44  communicate wirelessly using near-field communications, the authenticity of the identifier may be periodically check to ensure that element  36 D is authentic. In this way, component  36  can be certified as an authentic component. If an uncertified component is detected (e.g., if circuitry  42  determines that the authentication information received from circuitry  44  is inauthentic), light emission from device  36 L can be prevented to ensure safety. 
     Although sometimes described in the context of two-dimensional printed circuit antennas, antennas  54  may be formed using spiral loops of wire and/or spiral paths formed from stacked thin-film traces. With this type of arrangement, one or both of antennas  54  may have a three-dimensional shape as shown in  FIG.  16    (e.g., turns  56  may be stacked on top of each other in multiple layers). 
     Although sometimes described in the context of fail-safe mechanisms such as fail-safe resistors that are monitored using resistance sensing circuitry, fail-safe mechanisms may be implemented using other types of sensors, if desired. As an example, a fail-safe mechanism may be based on a capacitive sensor that gathers capacitance measurements. The capacitance measurements may indicate whether subsystems have shifted out of alignment, and/or whether other undesired changes have occurred to the alignment and/or operation of a subsystem. In another illustrative configuration, a fail-safe mechanism may be based on an ultrasonic sensor that has an ultrasonic transducer that transmits ultrasonic signals and that has one or more microphones that gather reflected ultrasonic signals. By monitoring the ultrasonic sensor, movements of subsystems with respect to each other and/or other changes to the operating status of a system and/or subsystem may be monitored. In general, fail-safe mechanisms may be implemented using sensors that monitor currents, voltages, capacitances, resistances, inductances, sound, light, temperature, and/or other physical properties. 
     The foregoing is merely illustrative and various modifications can be made to the described embodiments. The foregoing embodiments may be implemented individually or in any combination. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Table of 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Reference 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Numerals 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 10 
                 Electronic device 
                 12 
                 Input-output devices 
               
               
                 14 
                 Display 
                 18 
                 Sensors 
               
               
                 16 
                 Control circuitry 
                 22, 22A, 22B 
                 Housing 
               
               
                 22C 
                 Display cover layer 
                 R 
                 Rear 
               
               
                 F 
                 Front 
                 36 
                 Components 
               
               
                 38 
                 Printed circuit 
                 30 
                 Interior 
               
               
                 32 
                 Exterior 
                 40 
                 Structure 
               
               
                 42, 44, 44′ 
                 Circuitry 
                 36D 
                 Optical element 
               
               
                 36L 
                 Light-emitting device 
                 46 
                 Wireless signals 
               
               
                 49 
                 Light 
                 D 
                 Distance 
               
               
                 50 
                 Resistor 
                 52 
                 Terminals 
               
               
                 54 
                 Antenna 
                 58 
                 Terminals 
               
               
                 56 
                 Turns 
                 60, 64, 62, 66 
                 Circuitry 
               
               
                 68 
                 Energy storage 
                 70 
                 Printed Circuit 
               
               
                   
                 device 
                   
                   
               
               
                 74 
                 Ring 
                 72, 78 
                 Shielding 
               
               
                 76 
                 Printed circuit 
                 36P 
                 Package 
               
               
                 80, 82, 84, 
                 Blocks 
                 90 
                 Time periods 
               
               
                 86 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 92, 94 
                 Times 
                 79 
                 Wires

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20210413
Publication Date: 20241029
Grant Date: 20241029
Priority Date: 20210413
Inventors: SHANJANI, Yaser
MCCORD, MICHAEL K.
CHEN, TONG
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H04B5/70", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H02J50/10", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B10/11", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H02J50/90", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H02J50/402", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H02J50/10", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05B47/20", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B5/70", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B10/11", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B5/70", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H02J50/10", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05B47/20", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 83509839