PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-10606355-B1
Application Number: US-201715691483-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B1

Title: Haptic architecture in a portable electronic device

Abstract:
According to some embodiments, an electronic device can include a processor and a haptic feedback system. The haptic feedback system can include a mass that is coupled to a magnetic element and variable magnetic elements capable of establishing a magnetic field in communication with the magnetic element that varies in accordance with the processor receiving a signal that indicates that a touch event is detected at a touch sensitive layer, where the magnetic field causes displacement of the magnetic element. The haptic feedback system can further include a magnetic field sensor in communication with the processor, where the magnetic field sensor is capable of (i) detecting a change in the magnetic field that is induced by the displacement of the magnetic element, and (ii) providing a detection signal to the processor that corresponds to a current position of the mass that is coupled to the magnetic element.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An electronic device for executing a haptic feedback event, the electronic device comprising:
 an enclosure at least partially defining a cavity; 
 a processor disposed in the cavity; and 
 a haptic feedback system disposed in the cavity comprising:
 a translatable mass; 
 a variable magnetic field generator in communication with the processor and defining a recess, a magnetic field generated by the variable magnetic field generator causing a translation of the mass; and 
 a magnetic field sensor disposed in the recess and spaced apart from an axis of translation of the mass, the magnetic field sensor providing a detection signal to the processor that corresponds to a position of the mass during the haptic feedback event. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the processor is capable of receiving another haptic feedback request while the mass is being translated in conjunction with executing the haptic feedback event. 
     
     
       3. The electronic device of  claim 2 , wherein the haptic feedback system is capable of executing a subsequent haptic feedback event that is based on the position of the mass detected by the magnetic field sensor. 
     
     
       4. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein a maximum value of a change in the magnetic field detected by the magnetic field sensor provides a detection signal to the processor corresponding to the position of the mass being in closest proximity to the magnetic field sensor. 
     
     
       5. The electronic device of  claim 4 , wherein when the position of the mass is in closest proximity to the magnetic field sensor, the maximum value of the change in the magnetic field detected by the magnetic field sensor satisfies a magnetic field threshold value. 
     
     
       6. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the mass is coupled to a magnetic element included in a retaining structure of the haptic feedback system, and the mass and magnetic element are translatable along a longitudinal axis of the retaining structure. 
     
     
       7. A method for executing multiple haptic feedback events by a haptic feedback system of an electronic device, the haptic feedback system including a translatable mass, a variable magnetic field generator defining a recess, and a magnetic field sensor disposed in the recess, the method comprising:
 executing the first haptic feedback event in response to receiving an initial request to execute a haptic feedback event by causing the variable magnetic field generator to generate a magnetic field that translates the mass by a predetermined amount based on conditions of the initial request; 
 receiving a subsequent request to execute a second haptic feedback event while executing the first haptic feedback event; 
 determining a position of the mass relative to the variable magnetic field generator by the magnetic field sensor while the mass is being displaced; and 
 generating a feedback parameter for the second haptic feedback event that is based on the determined position of the mass. 
 
     
     
       8. The method of  claim 7 , further comprising:
 executing the second haptic feedback event. 
 
     
     
       9. The method of  claim 8 , wherein, prior to executing the second haptic feedback event, the haptic feedback system prevents the first haptic feedback event from being fully executed. 
     
     
       10. The method of  claim 7 , wherein the feedback parameter includes at least one of an acceleration of the mass, a frequency of the second haptic feedback event, and a waveform shape of the second haptic feedback event. 
     
     
       11. The method of  claim 7 , wherein the initial request is a device-initiated request, and the subsequent request is a user-initiated request. 
     
     
       12. An electronic device for generating haptic feedback, comprising:
 a housing at least partially defining a cavity 
 a processor disposed in the cavity; and 
 a haptic feedback system disposed in the cavity comprising:
 a retaining structure coupled to the housing; 
 a displaceable mass that having a first end and a second end; 
 a variable magnetic field generator in communication with the processor and defining a recess, a magnetic field generated by the variable magnetic field generator causing the mass to displace along a longitudinal axis of the retaining structure; 
 a sensor disposed in the recess, the sensor providing a detection signal to the processor that corresponds to a position of the mass; 
 a first set of springs coupled to the first end of the mass and a second set of springs couples do the second end of the mass, the first and second sets of springs preventing the mass from oscillating in a direction other than the longitudinal axis. 
 
 
     
     
       13. The electronic device of  claim 12 , wherein the first end of the mass includes a first corner and a second corner opposite the first corner, and a first spring of the first set of springs is coupled to the first corner and a second spring of the first set of springs is coupled to the second corner. 
     
     
       14. The electronic device of  claim 12 , wherein the haptic feedback system further comprises a magnetic dampening fluid dispersed around the mass, the magnetic dampening fluid capable of minimizing any noise caused by displacing the mass. 
     
     
       15. The electronic device of  claim 12 , wherein the housing includes a first mounting tab and a second mounting tab that are coupled to the haptic feedback system, and any force associated with displacing the mass is translated to the housing via the first and second mounting tabs. 
     
     
       16. The electronic device of  claim 12 , wherein the sensor is a magnetic field sensor capable of detecting a change in a magnetic field that corresponds to the position of the mass. 
     
     
       17. The electronic device of  claim 12 , wherein the sensor is an ambient light sensor, and the mass comprises a reflective component.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/383,978, entitled “HAPTIC ARCHITECTURE IN A PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE,” filed Sep. 6, 2016, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     The described embodiments relate generally to executing a haptic feedback event at a feedback system of a portable electronic device. More particularly, the described embodiments involve determining a position of a movable mass of the feedback system in conjunction with executing the haptic feedback event, and subsequently executing another haptic feedback event based on the position of the movable mass. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Conventional portable electronic devices can include feedback components for executing haptic feedback in conjunction with providing a notification to a user. However, the haptic feedback that is executed does not generally reflect a current state of the feedback component. For example, as components (e.g., springs) of the feedback component degrade over time, the feedback component is unable to execute haptic feedback that compensates for such degradations. Consequently, the portable electronic device is unable to execute an optimal level of haptic feedback that can be perceived by the user. 
     SUMMARY 
     To cure the foregoing deficiencies, the representative embodiments set forth herein disclose various techniques for enabling a feedback system of a portable electronic device to execute a haptic feedback event. 
     According to some embodiments, an electronic device for executing a haptic feedback event is described. The electronic device can include an enclosure having walls that define a cavity, where the enclosure is capable of carrying components that include a processor capable of providing instructions and a display assembly in communication with the processor, where the display assembly is overlaid by a touch sensitive layer. According to some embodiments, the enclosure can further carry a feedback system capable of executing the haptic feedback event. According to some embodiments, the feedback system can include a mass coupled to a magnetic element and variable magnetic elements capable of establishing a magnetic field in communication with the magnetic element that varies in accordance with instructions received from the processor in accordance with the processor receiving a signal that indicates that a touch event is detected at the touch sensitive layer, where the magnetic field causes displacement of the magnetic element. According to some embodiments, the feedback system can further include a magnetic field sensor in communication with the processor, wherein the magnetic field sensor is capable of (i) detecting a change in the magnetic field that is induced by the displacement of the magnetic element, and (ii) providing a detection signal to the processor that corresponds to a current position of the mass that is coupled to the magnetic element. 
     According to some embodiments, a method for executing multiple haptic feedback events at a feedback system of an electronic device is described. In some embodiments, the feedback system can include (i) a mass coupled to a magnetic element, and (ii) variable magnetic elements capable of generating a magnetic field. According to some embodiments, the method can include in response to receiving an initial request to execute a first haptic feedback event: executing the first haptic feedback event by causing the variable magnetic elements to generate the magnetic field that interacts with the magnetic element so as to displace the mass by a predetermined amount, where the magnetic field is based on conditions of the initial request. The method can further include while executing the first haptic feedback event and the mass is being displaced, receiving a subsequent request to execute a second haptic feedback event. The method can further include determining a position of the mass relative to the variable magnetic elements while the mass is being displaced, and generating a feedback parameter for the second haptic feedback event that is based on the position of the mass. 
     According to some embodiments, an electronic device for generating haptic feedback is described. The electronic device can include a housing having walls that define a cavity, where the housing is capable of carrying operational components within the cavity that can include a processor capable of providing instructions and a feedback system coupled to the processor, the feedback system having a retaining structure. According to some embodiments, the retaining structure can include a mass that is coupled to a magnetic element, the mass having a first end and a second end, and a first set of springs coupled to the first end of the mass, and a second set of springs coupled to the second end of the mass. According to some embodiments, the retaining structure can further include a variable magnetic element that is capable of generating a magnetic field when the processor receives a haptic feedback request, where the magnetic field causes the mass to displace along a longitudinal axis of the retaining structure while the first and second sets of springs prevent the mass from oscillating in a direction that is inconsistent with the longitudinal axis. 
     The described embodiments may be better understood by reference to the following description and the accompanying drawings. Additionally, advantages of the described embodiments may be better understood by reference to the following description and accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The disclosure will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like structural elements, and in which: 
         FIG. 1  illustrates a perspective view of a portable electronic device that can be configured to implement different aspects of the various techniques described herein, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 2A-2B  illustrate cross-sectional views of a portable electronic device that can be configured to implement different aspects of the various techniques described herein, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates a perspective view of a haptic feedback component that can be configured to implement different aspects of the various techniques described herein, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 4  illustrates a perspective view of a haptic feedback component that can be configured to implement different aspects of the various techniques described herein, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 5  illustrates a perspective view of a haptic feedback component that can be configured to implement different aspects of the various techniques described herein, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 6  illustrates a cross-sectional view of a portable electronic device that can be configured to implement different aspects of the various techniques described herein, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 7  illustrates a cross-sectional view of a haptic feedback component that can be configured to implement different aspects of the various techniques described herein, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 8A-8B  illustrate top views of a haptic feedback component that can be configured to implement different aspects of the various techniques described herein, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 9  illustrate a block diagram of a portable electronic device that can be configured to implement different aspects of the various techniques described herein, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 10  illustrates a method for executing haptic feedback at a portable electronic device, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 11  illustrates a method for executing haptic feedback at a portable electronic device, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 12  illustrates a method for executing haptic feedback at a portable electronic device, in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     Those skilled in the art will appreciate and understand that, according to common practice, various features of the drawings discussed below are not necessarily drawn to scale, and that dimensions of various features and elements of the drawings may be expanded or reduced to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention described herein. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Representative applications of methods and apparatus according to the present application are described in this section. These examples are being provided solely to add context and aid in the understanding of the described embodiments. It will thus be apparent to one skilled in the art that the described embodiments may be practiced without some or all of these specific details. In other instances, well known process steps have not been described in detail in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the described embodiments. Other applications are possible, such that the following examples should not be taken as limiting. 
     In the following detailed description, references are made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of the description and in which are shown, by way of illustration, specific embodiments in accordance with the described embodiments. Although these embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable one skilled in the art to practice the described embodiments, it is understood that these examples are not limiting; such that other embodiments may be used, and changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the described embodiments. 
     The embodiments described herein set forth techniques for enabling a portable electronic device to execute haptic feedback by utilizing a haptic feedback component, in conjunction with providing a notification to a user. In some examples, the haptic feedback component includes a movable mass that can be actuated via a magnetic field that is generated by the haptic feedback component. In particular, the actuation of the movable mass can transmit forces to a housing of the portable electronic device, which can, in turn, be perceived by the user. However, portable electronic devices are unable to execute multiple, overlapping haptic feedback events due to being unable to determine a position of the movable mass in conjunction with executing the haptic feedback. 
     Consider, for example, a scenario where the portable electronic device receives multiple requests to execute separate haptic feedback events, such as where a user of the portable electronic device initiates a first request to initiate an intelligent personal assistant and knowledge navigator that is established at the portable electronic device by depressing a switch. In turn, the portable electronic device can execute a first haptic feedback event in conjunction with initiating the intelligent personal assistant and knowledge navigator. Before the first haptic feedback event is complete, the portable electronic device receives a second request to provide a second haptic feedback in conjunction with the portable electronic device receiving a phone call from the user&#39;s friend. However, due to the aforementioned technical limitations, the portable electronic device is unable to interrupt the execution of the first haptic feedback event in order to notify the user with the second haptic feedback event. Accordingly, these portable electronic devices can utilize the techniques as described in greater detail herein to determine a position of the movable mass such as to provide the user with overlapping haptic feedback events. 
     According to some embodiments, an electronic device for executing a haptic feedback event is described. The electronic device can include an enclosure having walls that define a cavity, where the enclosure is capable of carrying components that include a processor capable of providing instructions and a display assembly in communication with the processor, where the display assembly is overlaid by a touch sensitive layer. According to some embodiments, the enclosure can further carry a feedback system capable of executing the haptic feedback event. According to some embodiments, the feedback system can include a mass coupled to a magnetic element and variable magnetic elements capable of establishing a magnetic field in communication with the magnetic element that varies in accordance with instructions received from the processor in accordance with the processor receiving a signal that indicates that a touch event is detected at the touch sensitive layer, where the magnetic field causes displacement of the magnetic element. According to some embodiments, the feedback system can further include a magnetic field sensor in communication with the processor, wherein the magnetic field sensor is capable of (i) detecting a change in the magnetic field that is induced by the displacement of the magnetic element, and (ii) providing a detection signal to the processor that corresponds to a current position of the mass. 
     According to some examples, the portable electronic device can refer to a smartphone, a smartwatch, a computer tablet, a portable computer, a consumer device, a fitness tracker, and so forth. A more detailed discussion of these techniques is set forth below and described in conjunction with  FIGS. 1, 2A-2B, 3-7, 8A-8B, and 9-12 , which illustrate detailed diagrams of systems and methods that can be used to implement these techniques. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a perspective view of a portable electronic device  100  that is configured to generate haptic feedback, in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, the portable electronic device  100  includes a display  174 . The display  174  can refer to a touch-screen display that includes a plurality of capacitive sensors that are configured to detect a change in capacitance. In some embodiments, the portable electronic device  100  includes one or more haptic feedback components  190  that are configured to generate haptic feedback in conjunction with a user-initiated request or a device-initiated request. In some embodiments, the haptic feedback component  190  is configured to generate multiple haptic feedback events in conjunction with any combination of user-initiated and device-initiated requests. As described herein, the term haptic feedback (or haptic feedback event) can refer to simulating a sensation of touch by applying force, vibrations, or motions that can be perceived by a user. In some examples, the haptic feedback can stimulate nerves within the user&#39;s fingers/hands. As described herein, the terms “haptic” and “taptic” are interchangeably used herein. 
     In some embodiments, a first haptic feedback component  190  is primarily responsible for generating haptic feedback associated with user-initiated requests, while a secondary haptic feedback component (not illustrated) is responsible for generating haptic feedback associated with device-initiated requests. 
     In some embodiments, the user-initiated request to generate haptic feedback can be initiated by a user action. In some cases, the user action can include touching or pressing against a switch  180  that is carried by a cavity defined by a housing  110  of the portable electronic device  100 . In some embodiments, the switch  180  is a solid-state switch or relay that is configured to detect a change in capacitance when a user&#39;s appendage comes into contact with an upper surface  182  of the switch  180 . In some cases, the switch  180  does not include a mechanical actuator (e.g., spring) or other moving parts that can cause the switch  180  to depress into the housing  110 . In other words, the switch  180  does not require moving parts in order to generate an electrical signal indicative of a change in capacitance. Instead the switch  180  can transmit an electrical signal (e.g., output voltage) that corresponds to the change in capacitance, whereupon the electrical signal is transmitted to a processor of the portable electronic device  100 , as described in greater detail with reference to  FIG. 9 . The processor can be configured to generate a haptic feedback parameter based upon the electrical signal. In some embodiments, the portable electronic device  100  includes a A/D converter that is configured to convert the analog signal associated with the electrical signal into a digital signal. The electrical signal can be proportional to the detected change in capacitance. 
     In some examples, the switch  180  can be configured to generate a varying output voltage that is dependent upon at least one of the duration, pressure, or force, and the like that is applied by the user&#39;s appendage against the upper surface  182  of the switch  180 . In this manner, different types of contact with the switch  180  can cause the processor to generate different types of haptic feedback. In some embodiments, the portable electronic device  100  includes a memory or storage device, as described in more detail with reference to  FIG. 9 , where the memory is configured to dynamically associate different types of contact with different types of haptic feedback to be generated. In one example, quickly touching the switch  180  can cause the haptic feedback component  190  to generate a short and quick burst of haptic feedback, which is associated with short frequency and high momentum. In another example, touching the switch  180  for a long duration of time can cause the haptic feedback component  190  to generate a long, prolonged burst of haptic feedback, which is associated with high frequency and low momentum. 
     In some embodiments, the switch  180  can include circuitry for use as a biometric sensor. For example, the switch  180  can be configured to function as a fingerprint reader. The switch  180  can utilize the capacitive changes that are detected from the user&#39;s appendage to identify the user&#39;s identity, whereupon the user&#39;s identity can be associated with the portable electronic device  100 . 
     In another example, the user-initiated request can refer to the user speaking a voice command that is detected by a microphone of the portable electronic device  100  so as to cause an instruction to be executed. For example, the user may utter a voice command requesting “Play My Music”, whereupon the portable electronic device  100  can provide a haptic feedback as confirmation to the user that the instruction will be executed. 
     In some embodiments, the haptic feedback component  190  is configured to generate haptic feedback in conjunction with a device-initiated request. In contrast to the user-initiated request, the device-initiated request can be initiated without use of the switch  180 . For example, the device-initiated request can be initiated by the processor in conjunction with an occurrence of an environmental event. In some examples, the environmental event can refer to a phone call, a calendar alert, an indication of a short messaging service (SMS) message, and the like. In conjunction with the occurrence of the environmental event, the processor can be configured to receive a request to generate haptic feedback, whereupon the processor can then be configured to generate a haptic feedback parameter that is based on the type of the environmental event. 
     In some embodiments, the portable electronic device  100  includes an audible feedback component  184 . The audible feedback component  184  can refer to speakers or other component that is configured to generate a sound effect. In some embodiments, the audible feedback component  184  can refer to an active or a passive mechanism for generating the sound effect. For example, the active mechanism can refer to a speaker, while the passive mechanism can refer to generating ambient sound during generating of the haptic feedback. 
     In some embodiments, the audible feedback component  184  can be configured to supplement the haptic feedback that is generated by the haptic feedback component  190 . For example, oscillation of a mass that is coupled to a permanent magnetic element of the haptic feedback component  190  can function in a manner similar to a diaphragm in that the vibration of the mass can produce ambient sound. In some embodiments, the processor can be configured to amplify the ambient sound that is output through use of the audible feedback component  184  so that the sound can be readily perceived by the user. In some embodiments, the processor can be configured to generate a sound effect, without interaction with the haptic feedback component  190 , where the sound effect can be associated with the specific type of haptic feedback to be generated. 
     In one example, the audible feedback component  184  can generate a sound effect that simulates a quick tap against a hard surface in conjunction with the user quickly touching the switch  180 . In another example, the audible feedback component  184  can generate a sound effect of a long, prolonged tap against a hard surface in conjunction with the user pressing on the switch  180  for a prolonged duration of time. 
       FIGS. 2A-2B  illustrate cross-sectional views of a portable electronic device  200  that includes a haptic feedback component  290 , in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG. 2A  shows that the haptic feedback component  290  is carried in a lower portion of an interior cavity  208  of the housing  210  and proximate to a corner  214  of the housing  210  of the portable electronic device  200 . In this manner, the haptic feedback component  290  is substantially free to displace in at least one of an X-axis or Y-axis direction without being encumbered by the power supply  220  and main logic board  260 . The main logic board  260  can include a processor  262 , a subscriber identity module (SIM) reader  264 , and a memory  266 . 
     Furthermore,  FIG. 2A  shows that the haptic feedback component  290  is positioned away from a center of rotation  218  of the portable electronic device  200 . The center of rotation  218  refers to a point in the interior cavity  208  that does not undergo planar movement. By positioning the haptic feedback component  290  as far away from the center of rotation  218  as possible can facilitate amplifying the haptic feedback that is generated in at least one of an X-axis or Y-axis direction by the haptic feedback component  290 . In this manner, positioning the haptic feedback component  290  close to one of the corners  214  of the portable electronic device  200  can amplify the haptic feedback that is perceived by the user. In contrast, positioning the haptic feedback component  290  at or close to the center of rotation  218  would diminish the amount of haptic feedback that is generated and perceived by the user. 
       FIG. 2B  illustrates a perspective close-up view of the haptic feedback component  290  relative to the switch  180 .  FIG. 2B  shows that the haptic feedback component  290  can be positioned in an interior cavity  208  of the portable electronic device  200  and adjacent to the switch  180 . In some embodiments, positioning the haptic feedback component  290  adjacent to the switch  180  can facilitate in providing haptic feedback that can be more readily and immediately felt by the user via the lower portion of the housing  210  in contrast to a haptic feedback component  290  that is positioned further away from the position of the switch  180 . For example, in conjunction with a user-initiated request to generate haptic feedback, the user&#39;s appendage comes into contact with the switch  180 . In conjunction with generating the haptic feedback, the user&#39;s appendage may still be in contact with at least one of the switch  180  or a surface of the lower portion of the housing  210 . Thus, there is less distance for the force generated by the haptic feedback component  290  to reach the user&#39;s appendage if the user&#39;s appendage is still in contact with the switch  180  or in contact with the lower portion of the housing  210 . 
       FIG. 3  illustrates a perspective view of a haptic feedback component  390  carried by an interior cavity  308  of the portable electronic device  300 , in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG. 3  illustrates that the haptic feedback component  390  is adjacent to a power/data connector  302 . The power/data connector  302  can be configured to provide power to the portable electronic device  300  from an external power source for charging the power supply  320 . In addition, the power/data connector  302  can be configured to transmit and receive data to/from at least one of the electronic components (e.g., processor  262 , SIM reader  264 , memory  266 ) of the main logic board  260 . In some embodiments, the power supply  320  can be configured to provide power to the haptic feedback component  390  via a board-to-board connector  350 . 
       FIG. 3  illustrates that the haptic feedback component  390  is included within a retaining structure  392 . The retaining structure  392  includes a plurality of mounting tabs  312   a - b , where a first mounting tab  312   a  protrudes from a first end of the retaining structure  392  and a second mounting tab  312   b  protrudes from a second end of the retaining structure  392 . In some examples, the first and second mounting tabs  312   a - b  can be positioned offset from each other so that they are misaligned. In some examples, misalignment of the first and second mounting tabs  312   a - b  from each other can be due to the first mounting tab  312   a  being positioned closer towards the corner  314 . In particular, the corner  314  of the housing  310  is more likely to flex than a center of the interior cavity  308  (e.g., closer to center of rotation  218 ) where the second mounting tab  312   b  is positioned. Additionally, to compensate for the additional amount of flex at the corner  314  in conjunction with executing the haptic feedback, the retaining structure  392  can include two sets of fasteners  316  instead of a single fastener  316  at the first mounting tab  312   a.    
     The mounting tabs  312   a - b  can be formed of rigid material such as metal or a metal alloy that is configured to be non-deformable or highly resistant to deformation. In this manner, the first and second mounting tabs  312   a - b  can securely couple the haptic feedback component  390  to the housing  310  while the haptic feedback component  390  generates haptic feedback that is translated to the housing  310 . In some embodiments, the first and second mounting tabs  312   a - b  of the retaining structure  392  are each coupled to a protruding attachment feature  304  (e.g., boss) that protrudes from a wall of the housing  310 . In some embodiments, the retaining structure  392  is only coupled to the wall of the housing  310  via the first and second mounting tabs  312   a - b . In this manner, a gap (not illustrated) separates the entire bottom surface (not illustrated) of the haptic feedback component  390  and the wall of the housing  310  so as to allow the haptic feedback component  390  to displace in at least one of an X-axis, Y-axis, or Z-axis direction. Furthermore, the gap between the bottom surface of the haptic feedback component  390  and the wall of the housing  310  can allow the haptic feedback component  390  to displace in a Z-axis direction. For example, a high frequency of oscillation of a mass of the haptic feedback component  390  can cause displacement of the mass in the Z-axis direction. Beneficially, the gap provides sufficient clear for the haptic feedback component  390  to displace in the Z-axis direction. Furthermore, as the haptic feedback component  390  is coupled to the wall of the housing  310  via the first and second mounting tabs  312   a - b , any force that is generated by displacement or oscillation of the mass of the haptic feedback component  390  is translated to the wall of the housing  310  via the first and second mounting tabs  312   a - b.    
     In some examples, the gap between the bottom surface of the haptic feedback component  390  and the wall of the housing  310  is approximately 140 micrometers. In other embodiments, the gap is between about e.g., 30 micrometers to about 200 micrometers. In other embodiments, the gap is sufficiently large enough to allow the haptic feedback component  390  to hover (i.e., not touch) over the wall of the housing  310 . 
       FIG. 4  illustrates a perspective view of a haptic feedback component  400 , which can be configured to execute the various techniques as described herein, according to some embodiments. The haptic feedback component  400  can be characterized as having a generally elongated shape in order to facilitate displacement of a mass  420  along an X-axis. As previously described herein, displacement of the mass  420  along the X-axis is responsible for generating haptic feedback that can be perceived by the user. Additionally, the elongated shape of the haptic feedback component  400  can be attributed to a similarly elongated shape of a retaining structure  490 . In particular, the retaining structure  490  can be capable of carrying one or more magnetic coil elements  428  and one or more permanent magnetic elements  430 . 
     In some examples, the retaining structure  490  can be fabricated from stainless steel. In particular, the retaining structure  490  can be shaped through a computerized numerical control (CNC) machining process. Beneficially, stainless steel lends itself to being easily machined via the CNC machining process according to a number of different shapes, such as rectangular, circular, polygonal, etc. Although, as illustrated in  FIG. 4 , the retaining structure  490  has a generally rectangular shape in order to facilitate linear displacement of the mass  420  along the X-axis. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates a first mounting tab  412   a  and a second mounting tab  412   b  that are included at opposing ends of the retaining structure  490  for coupling the haptic feedback component  400  to the wall of the housing  310 .  FIG. 4  shows that each mounting tab  412   a - b  can be configured to receive a fastener  416  that can couple each of the mounting tabs  412   a - b  to a protruding attachment feature  304  of the wall of the housing  310 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 4 , the magnetic coil elements  428  can be positioned to overlap the permanent magnetic permanent elements  430 , as described in greater detail in conjunction with  FIG. 7 . In some cases, the magnetic coil elements  428  can be coupled to the retaining structure  490 . Additionally, the magnetic coil elements  428  can be secured to the mass  420 . In some examples, the mass  420  can be comprised of a metal, such as tungsten. In some examples, the mass  420  can be comprised of a series of individual tungsten balls. In particular, the series of individual tungsten balls can be secured to the retaining structure  490  via an adhesive. 
     According to some embodiments, the mass  420  can be coupled to the permanent magnetic elements  430  via an adhesive  422 . In this manner, during actuation of the haptic feedback component  400 , the mass  420  and the permanent magnetic elements  430  remain coupled and both are configured to displace together in a synchronous manner. In particular, while the mass  420  and the permanent magnetic elements  430  are being displaced in the synchronous manner, the magnetic coil elements  428  remain in a fixed position (e.g., secured to the retaining structure  490 ). In this manner, the magnetic coil elements  428  are prevented from obstructing the displacement of the mass  420  and permanent magnetic elements  430 . In some examples, the magnetic coil elements  428  can be insulated. In some embodiments, the permanent magnetic elements  430  are formed of a metal or a metal alloy that includes at least one of nickel, aluminum, or iron, and the like. 
     According to some embodiments, the retaining structure  490  includes a set of springs  446   a - b , where the springs  446   a - b  are coupled to the mass  420 . In particular, a first spring  446   a  is coupled to a first corner  420   a  of the mass  420 , and a second spring  446   b  is coupled to a second corner  420   b  of the mass  420 . As illustrated in  FIG. 4 , a single spring  446  is coupled to each end of the mass  420 . In particular, the springs  446   a - b  can amplify the linear displacement of the mass  420  along the X-axis. In some examples, the springs  446   a - b  can be welded or glued (via an adhesive) to the mass  420 . 
     In some examples, each spring  446  can include a spring coupling arm  448  and a distal end  447 . Each distal end  447  of the spring  446  can include a dampener  444  that can be configured to compress against another dampener  444  of another distal end  447  of the same spring  446  when the distal ends  447  of the spring  446  are compressed together. For example, the distal ends  447  of the spring  446  can be compressed together when the mass  420  is displaced in a linear direction towards the spring  446 . Additionally, the dampener  444  and the spring  446  can prescribe a minimum/maximum displacement range for the mass  420  in conjunction with the actuation mode. In addition, the dampener  444  can be configured to reduce or prevent ambient sounds caused by the displacement of the mass  420 . 
     In some embodiments, the retaining structure  490  can include a dampening fluid  426  that can be dispersed throughout the permanent magnetic elements  430 . The dampening fluid  426  can be configured to minimize or stop the displacement of the permanent magnetic elements  430  in conjunction with the haptic feedback component  400  generating haptic feedback. In some examples, the dampening fluid  426  is a ferrofluid, which can refer to a liquid that becomes strongly magnetized in the presence of the magnetic field that is generated by the magnetic coil elements  428 . The ferrofluid includes nanoscale ferromagnetic or ferromagnetic particles suspended in a carrier fluid (e.g., solvent). In some examples, the ferrofluid can be configured to dampen or minimize the ambient noise generated during oscillation of the mass  420 . 
     In conjunction with the haptic feedback component  400  operating in the actuation mode, electrical current that is received from the power supply  220  is transmitted to the magnetic coil elements  428  to cause the magnetic coil elements  428  to generate a magnetic field. The magnetic field that is generated by the magnetic coil elements  428  can interact with respective magnetic fields generated by the permanent magnetic elements  430 , such as through establishing a magnetic circuit and/or magnetic communication between the magnetic coil elements  428  and the permanent magnetic elements  430 . In some embodiments, the magnetic fields generated or established by the magnetic coil elements  428  are adjusted/variable according to at least one haptic feedback parameter that is generated by the processor  262 . In some examples, the at least one haptic feedback parameter can control polarity, amplitude, frequency, or pulse of the electrical current. The electrical current can be received at the haptic feedback component  400  from the power supply  220  via the board-to-board connector  450 . The board-to-board connector  450  can be coupled to a flex cable (not illustrated) that is electrically coupled to the processor  262 . Adjusting the at least one haptic feedback parameter that is generated by the processor  262  can adjust the electrical current that is provided to the haptic feedback component  400 . In turn, adjusting the electrical current can affect the magnetic field generated by the magnetic coil elements  428  thus affecting at least one of a position, velocity, acceleration, momentum, or frequency of the displacement of the mass  420 . 
     According to some embodiments, the processor  262  can utilize a sensor—e.g., a magnetic field sensor  470 —to detect a position of the mass  420  that is coupled to the permanent magnetic element  430  in conjunction with executing haptic feedback. As previously described herein, the mass  420  displaces while executing the haptic feedback. In particular, the magnetic field sensor  470  (e.g., a Hall effect sensor) can be configured to generate an electrical signal (e.g., output voltage) based on the magnetic field flux density that surrounds the magnetic field sensor  470 . In some examples, the magnetic flux density can refer to a magnetic field that is generated by the permanent magnetic element  430  while being displaced with the mass  420 . When the permanent magnetic element  430  (and the mass  420 ) displace into proximity of the magnetic coil elements  428 , the permanent magnetic element  430  can alter the magnetic field that is detected by the magnetic field sensor  470 . Accordingly, this change in the magnetic field surrounding the magnetic coil elements  428  can be induced by the displacement of the permanent magnetic element  428 . As the permanent magnetic element  428  displaces in closer proximity to the magnetic field sensor  470 , the change in the magnetic field is correspondingly increased. In some cases, the magnetic field sensor  470  can provide a detection signal that indicates the change in the magnetic field, thus providing an indication of whether the permanent magnetic element  430  (and the mass  420 ) are in close proximity to the magnetic field sensor  470 . 
     In some cases, the magnetic field sensor  470  can be configured to provide a digital output—either an “on state” or an “off state.” When the change in the magnetic field surrounding the magnetic field sensor  470  exceeds a magnetic field threshold (e.g., disrupts the surrounding magnetic field), the magnetic field sensor  470  can be configured to provide a digital output that corresponds to the “on state.” The digital output of the “on state” can indicate a discrete position of the permanent magnetic element  430 , such as indicating when the permanent magnetic element  430  is in its closest proximity to the magnetic field sensor  470 . Accordingly, the magnetic field sensor  470  is capable of providing the digital output when the mass  420  is in close proximity to the magnetic field sensor  470 . Alternatively, when the change in the magnetic field is less than the magnetic field threshold, then the magnetic field sensor  470  provides a digital output that corresponds to the “off state,” which indicates that the permanent magnetic element  430  is not in close proximity to the magnetic field sensor  470 . In some examples, the haptic feedback component  400  can include multiple magnetic field sensors  470  that are positioned throughout various locations along the length (e.g., along the X-axis) of the retaining structure  490  in order to detect multiple discrete positions of the mass  420  as it is being displaced in conjunction with executing the haptic feedback. In particular, each magnetic field sensor  470  can have its own respective magnetic field threshold, and can be configured to provide a respective digital output signal when the magnetic field flux density exceeds the magnetic field threshold. 
     In some cases, the magnetic field sensor  470  can be configured to provide an analog output that is proportional to the change in the magnetic field that surrounds the magnetic field sensor  470 . In particular, the magnetic field sensor  470  can generate the analog output in order to provide a continuous voltage output that relates to the strength/weakness of the magnetic field surrounding the magnetic field sensor  470 . In one example, as the change in the magnetic field increases, the output signal by the magnetic field sensor  470  (utilizing an amplifier) correspondingly increases. In some cases, the change in voltage output generated by the magnetic field sensor  470  can be used to detect a relative current position of the mass  420  coupled to the permanent magnetic element  430 . For example, an analog-to-digital converter can utilize a lookup table to correlate the change in voltage output to an actual current position of the mass  420 . In this manner, the analog output can indicate an infinite number of current positions associated with the mass  420 . 
     Other types of sensors can be utilized to detect the position of the mass  420  while it is being displaced in conjunction with executing haptic feedback. In one example, the sensor can refer to an optical light sensor that can be configured to utilize a measured amount of light reflectivity to detect the position of the mass  420 . In one example, the mass  420  can include a reflective component (e.g., reflective tape) that is affixed to the mass  420 . As the mass  420  displaces in the linear direction, the optical light sensor can measure the amount of light reflected by the reflective component in order to determine a relative position of the mass  420 . 
     According to some embodiments, the haptic feedback component  400  does not include a sensor (e.g., magnetic field sensor, optical light sensor, etc.) for determining the position of the mass  420  coupled to the permanent magnetic element  430 . Instead the haptic feedback component  400  is a sensor-less system that can rely upon measuring a counter-electromotive force/back electromotive force (back EMF). For example, the back EMF can refer to a voltage drop caused by the magnetic field inducing an electrical current inside the magnetic coil elements  428 . In particular, the magnetic field changes due to displacement of the permanent magnetic element  430 . For example, the strength of the back EMF can provide an indication as to the movement of the permanent magnetic element  430  relative to the magnetic coil elements  428 . Thus, when the magnetic coil element  428  is inactive (e.g., not generating a magnetic field), the permanent magnetic element  430  does not generate back EMF. 
     Alternatively, when the permanent magnetic element  430  generates the magnetic field, the haptic feedback component  400  can monitor for the back EMF generated by the permanent magnetic element  430 . In some examples, the shape of the waveform of the back EMF signal can indicate a position of the permanent magnetic element  430  relative to the magnetic coil elements  428 . Thus, the haptic feedback component  400  can determine a position of the permanent magnetic element  430  based on the back EMF, and can selectively adjust an amount of a subsequent haptic feedback based on the position of the permanent magnetic element  430 . Beneficially, monitoring for changes in the back EMF can contribute to establishing an accurate sensor-less closed loop feedback system for the haptic feedback component  400  that can improve system reliability and longevity while reducing costs associated with implementing sensors. 
     In any case, the haptic feedback component  400  can utilize a component (e.g., sensor, back EMF, etc.) that detects the position of the mass  420  while it is being displaced in conjunction with a first haptic feedback event to prevent misfire of the haptic feedback component  400  in conjunction with generating a second haptic feedback event. For example, if a sensor is unable to determine an accurate position of the mass  420  in conjunction with generating the first haptic feedback event, then the processor  262  is unable to accurately determine the appropriate haptic feedback parameters (e.g., frequency of an electrical current) required to (i) stop the initial haptic feedback event, and (ii) execute the second haptic feedback event. Consequently, without such component, can result in delayed execution of the second haptic feedback event. 
       FIG. 5  illustrates a perspective view of a haptic feedback component  500 , in accordance with some embodiments. As illustrated in  FIG. 5 , the haptic feedback component  500  is a cutaway, where the magnetic coil elements (not illustrated) are removed in order to show the permanent magnetic elements  530 . As previously described herein, in conjunction with the haptic feedback component  500  operating in an actuation mode, the permanent magnetic elements  530  can be configured to repel or attract the magnetic coil elements  428  depending on a change in a polarity of the magnetic field generated by the magnetic coil elements  428 . In some embodiments, the permanent magnetic elements  530  can establish a magnetic circuit with the magnetic coil elements  428  such as to cause a mass  520  to be displaced. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 5 , the haptic feedback component  500  can include a mass  520  and springs  546   a - d  that are coupled to the first and second ends  521   a - b  of the mass  520 . According to some embodiments, the mass  520  includes a first end  521   a  and a second end  521   b  that is generally opposite the first end  521   a . In particular, a first spring  546   a  is coupled to a first corner  520   a  of the first end  521   a . Additionally, a second spring  546   b  is coupled to a second corner  520   b  of the first end  521   a . Moreover, a third spring  546   c  is coupled to a third corner  520   c  of the second end  521   b  of the mass  520 . Furthermore, a fourth spring  546   d  is coupled to a fourth corner  520   d  of the second end  521   b . In this manner, all four corners  520   a - d  of the mass  520  are secured to a respective spring  546 . In this manner, the four springs  546   a - d  can be capable of amplifying momentum of the mass  520  that is generated by the haptic feedback component  500 . 
     Additionally, coupling the mass  520  to four springs  546   a - d  can prevent undesirable rocking motion of the mass  520  along the Y-axis/Z-axis while executing the haptic feedback. Consider, for example, that relative to the haptic feedback component  400  (as described in conjunction with  FIG. 4 ), the haptic feedback component  500  has larger dimensions (e.g., area, size, length, etc.). As a result of having larger dimensions, the haptic feedback component  500  includes a mass  520  that is greater in size and weight than the mass  420  of the haptic feedback component  400 . Thus, the mass  520  may require more amplification power than the mass  420  in order to (1) initially displace the mass  520 , and (2) stop the mass  520  from displacing. For instance, consider that the mass  520  may be susceptible to swaying along the Y-axis/Z-axis. However, this swaying motion can be detrimental to the haptic feedback component  500  in that the mass  520  may knock against the walls of the retaining structure  590 . If springs  546  were only coupled to two corners of the mass  520 , then it would be more difficult for the haptic feedback component  500  to control the mass  520  to prevent the mass  520  from swaying along the Y-axis/Z-axis due to its enlarged size and weight. To address this scenario, springs  546   a - d  can be coupled to the mass  520  at all four of its corners. In this manner, the haptic feedback component  500  can prevent or minimize the mass  520  from swaying along the Y-axis/Z-axis, while limiting the mass  520  to displacing only along a linear direction that corresponds to the X-axis. Additionally, coupling the springs  546   a - d  to all four corners of the mass  520  can prevent or minimize the mass  520  from swaying along the Y-axis/Z-axis in response to the haptic feedback component  500  generating haptic feedback at certain frequencies. 
     According to some embodiments, each of the springs  546   a - d  can be characterized as having a length that is similar to a corresponding length of the first and second ends  521   a - b  of the mass  520 . It is noted that the retaining structure  590  has a shape and size for receiving the mass  520  and the first and second ends  521   a - b  of the mass  520 . Beneficially, each spring  546  has a length that takes full advantage of the entire amount of available space within the internal cavity  592 . By increasing the respective length of each spring  546 , the spring constant of each spring  546  is reduced, which can result in increased displacement of the spring  546 . In some examples, the first and second springs  546   a - b  can be positioned to sit over one another along the Y-axis. In other examples, the first and second springs  546   a - b  can have reduced lengths, which results in increased spring stiffness. In other examples, the first and second springs  546   a - b  can be positioned in a column that is parallel to the Y-axis. 
       FIG. 6  illustrates a cross-sectional view of a portable electronic device  600 , in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG. 6  shows that the portable electronic device  600  includes a haptic feedback component  690  and a main logic board  660 . The haptic feedback component  690  and the main logic board  660  can be positioned below the display module  674 . The haptic feedback component  690  can be coupled to a protruding attachment feature  604  (e.g., boss) that extends from a wall of the housing  610  via mounting tabs  612 . As shown in  FIG. 6 , a gap (D g ) is positioned between a bottom surface  618  of the haptic feedback component  690  and the wall of the housing  610  such that the haptic feedback component  690  is coupled to the wall of the housing  610  via only the mounting tabs  612 . In some examples, the gap (D g ) is approximately 140 micrometers. 
     As shown in  FIG. 6 , the haptic feedback component  690  can include at least one mass  620  that is of sufficient size and shape to generate a force that can be translated to the housing  610  and perceived by the user. In some examples, the range of force that is generated in conjunction with generating haptic feedback is between about 0.1 N to about 3 N. 
       FIG. 7  illustrates a cross-sectional view of a haptic feedback component  700 , in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG. 7  shows that the haptic feedback component  700  is a substantially elongated structure that includes springs  746  coupled to opposing ends of a mass  720 .  FIG. 7  illustrates that the mass  720  is coupled to permanent magnetic elements  730  that are arranged in a row along a length of the haptic feedback component  700 . Magnetic coil elements  728  can be positioned above and below the permanent magnetic elements  730 . Additionally, the magnetic coil elements  728  can be separated by an air gap  748 . 
       FIG. 7  further illustrates one or more magnetic field sensors  770  that are positioned within a recess of the magnetic coil element  728 . As previously described herein, the magnetic coil element  728  is coupled to the retaining structure and fixed in position. Accordingly, and as previously described herein, the magnetic field sensors  770  can be configured to determine a position of the mass  720  that is displacing in conjunction with executing haptic feedback. In some examples, the magnetic field sensors  770  can be positioned above the mass  720  and below the mass  720 . 
       FIGS. 8A-8B  illustrate top views of a haptic feedback component  800  in conjunction with a non-actuation mode and an actuation mode, respectively.  FIG. 8A  illustrates the haptic feedback component  800  in conjunction with the non-actuation mode. The haptic feedback component  800  can include a mass  820  that is coupled to permanent magnetic elements  830  via a weld or an adhesive. In some examples, each of the permanent magnetic elements  830  can be positioned within a recess  826  of the mass  820 . Additionally, each end of the mass  820  can be coupled to springs  846   a - d  that can be configured to amplify the displacement of the mass  820  along a linear direction in conjunction with the actuation mode (as described in conjunction with  FIG. 8B ). In some examples, separate corners of a first end of the mass  820  can be coupled to the springs  846   a, b , and separate corners of a second end of the mass  820  can be coupled to the springs  846   c, d . Further, in some examples, by coupling each corner of the mass  820  to a spring  846 , the haptic feedback component  800  can prevent the mass  820  from swaying in a non-linear direction (e.g., along a Z-axis). As previously described herein, magnetic coil elements  828  are fixed in position within the haptic feedback component  800  and are configured to generate a magnetic field in conjunction with the actuation mode. During the non-actuation mode, the haptic feedback component  800  does not receive an electrical current from the power supply  220 . In turn, the magnetic coil elements  828  do not generate a magnetic field that is sufficient to displace the mass  820 . However, in some embodiments, the mass  820  can be displaced to some degree if a sufficient amount of external force is applied to the haptic feedback component  800 . For example, if a user shakes the portable electronic device  100  in a back-and-forth motion, then the mass  820  can displace in a linear direction. 
     Turning now to  FIG. 8B  illustrates the haptic feedback component  800  in conjunction with the actuation mode. In some examples, the actuation mode can refer to when the haptic feedback component  800  receives an electrical current from the power supply  220  and causes the magnetic coil elements  828  to generate the magnetic field. The magnetic field can be adjusted/vary by the processor  262  in order to generate haptic feedback events of different strengths. For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 8B , if the permanent magnetic elements  830  and the magnetic coil elements  828  share a similar polarity, the permanent magnetic element  830  are repelled from the magnetic coil element  828 . As the permanent magnetic element  830  is coupled to the mass  820 , the mass  820  is also repelled from the magnetic coil elements  828  as indicated by direction (D 1 ). 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 8B , the springs  846   a - b  contract as the permanent magnetic elements  830  are displaced along the direction D 1  towards these springs  846   a - b . Additionally, the springs  846   c - d  are extended to facilitate the displacement of the mass  820  along direction D 1 . As the springs  846   a - b  are compressed, the dampeners  844  at the distal ends of the springs  846   a - b  contact with each other so as to reduce any ambient noise caused by compressing these springs  846   a - b  together. Although not illustrated in  FIG. 8B , the magnetic coil elements  828  can cause the mass  820  to displace in a direction opposite D 1  if the magnetic coil elements  828  generate a magnetic field having an opposite polarity to the example previously described. As previously described herein, sensors (e.g., magnetic field sensors, optical light sensors, etc.) can be utilized to determine the position of the mass  820  during the actuation mode. 
     In some embodiments, the actuation mode can be characterized with a specific waveform profile. The waveform profile can provide a functional relationship between frequency (Hz) and momentum (g*mm/s). In some examples, the frequency can have a range between e.g., about 50 Hz to about 500 Hz. In some examples, the momentum can have a range between about 0 g*mm/s to about 3000 g*mm/s. In some embodiments, the haptic feedback parameter specifies an amount of power (e.g., electrical current) that is provided to the haptic feedback component  800 . Subsequently, changing the power provided to the haptic feedback component  800  can cause a change in displacement of the mass  820 , which can affect the waveform profile associated with the displacement of the mass  820 . In some examples, a specific waveform profile can be associated with a specific type of haptic feedback to be generated. For example, quickly touching the switch  180  can cause the haptic feedback component  800  to generate a short burst of haptic feedback, which is associated with a short frequency and a high degree of momentum of the mass  820 . In another example, holding the switch  180  for a long period of time can cause the haptic feedback component  800  to generate a prolonged burst of haptic feedback, which is associated with a longer frequency and a shorter degree of momentum of the mass  820  relative to the short burst of haptic feedback. 
       FIG. 9  illustrates a block diagram of a portable electronic device  900  that can be used to implement the various techniques described herein, according to some embodiments. In particular, the detailed view illustrates various components that can be included in the portable electronic device  100  as illustrated in  FIG. 1 . As shown in  FIG. 9 , the portable electronic device  900  can include a processor  910  for controlling the overall operation of the portable electronic device  900 . The portable electronic device  900  can include a display  990 . The display  990  can be a touch screen panel that can include a sensor (e.g., capacitance sensor). The display  990  can be controlled by the processor  910  to display information to the user. A data bus  902  can facilitate data transfer between at least a memory  920  and the processor  910 . The portable electronic device  900  can also include a network/bus interface  911  that couples a wireless antenna  960  to the processor  910 . 
     The portable electronic device  900  can include a user input device  980 , such as a switch. The user input device  980  can refer to a solid state switch relay that can be configured to detect a change in capacitance when a user&#39;s appendage makes contact with the user input device  980 . The user input device  980  can be configured to generate an output voltage that corresponds to the change in capacitance, whereupon the output voltage is transmitted as an electrical signal to the processor  910 . In some embodiments, an A/D converter (not illustrated) can be configured to convert the analog signal of the output voltage into an electrical signal that can processed by the processor  910 . 
     In some embodiments, the portable electronic device  900  includes a haptic feedback component  950  that can be configured to generate haptic feedback based on a haptic feedback parameter that is generated by the processor  910 . In some examples, the haptic feedback can be generated in conjunction with a user-initiated request. For example, the user-initiated request can be initiated by a user pressing down on the user input device  980 . In other examples, the haptic feedback can be generated in conjunction with a device-initiated request. For example, the device-initiated request can be initiated by the portable electronic device  900  receiving a notification (e.g., phone call, text message, etc.) via a wireless antenna  960 . 
     According to some embodiments, the portable electronic device  900  can include a position sensor  970  that can be configured to detect a position of a movable mass—e.g., the mass  820 —in conjunction with the feedback component  950  executing an initial haptic feedback event, as previously described herein. By utilizing the position of the mass  820 , the processor  910  can adjust a feedback parameter of the mass  820  (e.g., velocity, acceleration, and the like) in conjunction with executing a subsequent haptic feedback event. In this manner, the feedback component  950  prevents any mis-fires or delays in executing the subsequent haptic feedback event. For example, the processor  910  can receive a subsequent request to execute a subsequent haptic feedback event, while the initial haptic feedback event is being executed. Instead of the processor  910  having to wait for the haptic feedback component  950  to finish executing the initial haptic feedback event, the processor  910  can utilize the position of the mass  820  to interrupt the initial haptic feedback event so as to execute the subsequent haptic feedback event. Consider, for example, a scenario where the processor  910  receives a request to execute an initial haptic feedback event in response to receiving a text message. In turn, the processor  910  can provide an instruction that causes the feedback component  950  to execute the initial haptic feedback event. While executing the initial haptic feedback event, the processor  910  can receive another request to execute a subsequent haptic feedback event in response to the user depressing a switch—e.g., switch  180 —to initiate an intelligent personal assistant and knowledge navigator that is established at the portable electronic device  900 . In turn, the processor  910  can instruct the position sensor  970  to determine a feedback characteristic, such as a position of the mass  820  relative to the magnetic coil element  828 . Additionally, based on the position of the mass  820 , the processor  910  can determine feedback characteristics of the mass  820  such as acceleration, velocity, frequency, wavelength, and the like. For example, based on the position of the mass  820 , the processor  910  can be configured to determine the velocity of the mass  820  by utilizing an amount of time elapsed as an underlying coefficient. Subsequently, the processor can establish a feedback parameter (e.g., amplitude, acceleration, etc.) for the subsequent haptic feedback event. Accordingly, the processor  910 , the position sensor  970 , and the feedback component  950  can establish a closed loop feedback system (or feedback control system). 
     According to some embodiments, the processor  910  can utilize the position of the mass  820  to optimize the amount that the mass  820  displaces within the feedback component  950 . For example, the processor  910  can detect an amount of clearance (e.g., space not occupied by the mass  820 ) that is present in the feedback component  950 . In turn, the feedback component  950  can adjust the feedback parameter (e.g., velocity, acceleration, amplitude, frequency, waveform, etc.) such that the mass  820  maximizes the amount of clearance without knocking against the walls of the feedback component  950 . 
     According to some embodiments, the closed feedback loop system established by the feedback component  950  and the position sensor  970  can be utilized to adjust a respective waveform for each haptic feedback event. In some cases, in conjunction with interrupting the initial haptic feedback event, the processor  910  can establish a feedback parameter (e.g., waveform) for the subsequent haptic feedback event that builds from the waveform of the initial haptic feedback event. In one example, although the respective waveforms associated with the initial and subsequent haptic feedback events can be similar (e.g., operating at ˜900 Hz), the processor  910  can modify the frequency of the subsequent haptic feedback event in order to build off the momentum generated by the waveform of the initial haptic feedback event. Beneficially, in this manner, the portable electronic device  900  can conserve some amount of power in executing the subsequent haptic feedback event. Additionally, building off the momentum generated by the waveform of the initial haptic feedback event can facilitate a smooth transition to the subsequent haptic feedback event that is perceivable by the user. 
     According to some embodiments, the closed feedback system established by the feedback component  950  and the position sensor  970  can be configured to compensate for any deficiencies of the feedback component  950  in conjunction with executing a haptic feedback event. Consider, for example, a scenario where the adhesive that couples the mass  820  to a retaining structure—e.g., the retaining structure  490 —of the feedback component  950  degrades over time. As a result, the degradation of the adhesive causes the mass  820  to “stick” in position (making it more difficult to displace). Thus, the feedback component  950  can be required to generate more power (relative to a normal operating level) in order to displace the mass  820  from its “stuck” position. By utilizing the position sensor  970 , the processor  910  can determine that the feedback component  950  is not operating at its normal operating level, and, in turn, the processor  910  can compensate for these deficiencies by generating a modified amount of haptic feedback—which the user will perceive as being identical in strength to the haptic feedback generated by the feedback component  950  while operating at its normal level. In this manner, the feedback component  950  can be configured to maintain an optimal level of haptic feedback regardless of the wear of the hardware components. Beneficially, this prevents any need to modify the hardware components/replace hardware components. 
     The portable electronic device  900  also includes a memory  920 , which can comprise a single disk or multiple disks (e.g., hard drives), and includes a storage management module that manages one or more partitions within the memory  920 . In some embodiments, the memory  920  can include flash memory, semiconductor (solid state) memory or the like. The portable electronic device  900  can also include a Random Access Memory (RAM) and a Read-Only Memory (ROM). The ROM can store programs, utilities or processes to be executed in a non-volatile manner. The RAM can provide volatile data storage, and stores instructions related to the operation of the portable electronic device  900 . 
     The various aspects, embodiments, implementations or features of the described embodiments can be used separately or in any combination. Various aspects of the described embodiments can be implemented by software, hardware or a combination of hardware and software. The described embodiments can also be embodied as computer readable code on a computer readable medium. The computer readable medium is any data storage device that can store data which can thereafter be read by a computer system. Examples of the computer readable medium include read-only memory, random-access memory, CD-ROMs, DVDs, magnetic tape, hard disk drives, solid state drives, and optical data storage devices. The computer readable medium can also be distributed over network-coupled computer systems so that the computer readable code is stored and executed in a distributed fashion. 
       FIG. 10  illustrates a method  1000  for executing haptic feedback at a portable electronic device—e.g., the portable electronic device  900 —in conjunction with a user-initiated request, in accordance with some embodiments. The method  1000  begins at step  1002 , where the processor  910  receives an electrical signal that corresponds to a change in capacitance in conjunction with receiving the user-initiated request. For example, the user-initiated request can be initiated by the user&#39;s appendage touching the switch  180 . In some examples, the electrical signal is an output voltage that can correspond to the change in capacitance that is detected by the switch  180 . 
     At step  1004 , the processor  910  can be configured to generate a haptic feedback parameter that is based on the change in capacitance. In some examples, the haptic feedback parameter can refer to an amplitude, frequency, pulse, or polarity of an electrical current that is to be transmitted from the power supply  930  to the haptic feedback component  950 . 
     At step  1006 , the processor  910  can cause the power supply  930  to transmit an amount of power (e.g., electric current) to the haptic feedback component  950  that is based on the haptic feedback parameter such as to generate the haptic feedback. Accordingly, the portable electronic device  900  is configured to generate haptic feedback in conjunction with receiving the user-initiated request. 
       FIG. 11  illustrates a method  1100  for executing haptic feedback at a portable electronic device—e.g., the portable electronic device  900 —in conjunction with a device-initiated request, in accordance with some embodiments. The method  1100  begins at step  1102 , where the processor  910  receives a request to generate haptic feedback in conjunction with the occurrence of an environmental event. In some examples, the environmental event can refer to a notification or indication that is received by the portable electronic device  900 . In conjunction with the occurrence of the environmental event, the processor  910  can be configured to generate a haptic feedback parameter based on the environmental event at step  1104 . 
     In some examples, the portable electronic device  900  includes a memory  920  that is capable of learning to associate a type of haptic feedback parameter with a specific type of environmental event. Subsequently, any reoccurrence of the specific type of environmental event can cause the memory  920  to provide the processor  910  with the type of haptic feedback parameter. 
     At step  1106 , the processor can cause the power supply  930  to transmit power (e.g., electrical current) to the haptic feedback component  950  that is based on the haptic feedback parameter, which can cause the haptic feedback component  950  to generate haptic feedback. In this manner, the portable electronic device  900  is configured to generate haptic feedback in conjunction with the occurrence of the device-initiated request. 
       FIG. 12  illustrates a method  1200  for executing an initial haptic feedback event and a subsequent haptic feedback event, in accordance with some embodiments. In some examples, the method  1200  refers to an exemplary scenario where while the haptic feedback component  950  is generating an initial haptic feedback event, the processor  910  receives a request to generate a subsequent haptic feedback event. In another example, the processor  910  can concurrently receive multiple requests to generate haptic feedback events, where the processor  910  can determine an order of executing these haptic feedback events based on the respective priority of each of the requests. 
     At step  1202 , the processor  910  can cause the haptic feedback component  950  to generate an initial haptic feedback event. In some embodiments, the initial haptic feedback event is generated in conjunction with a user-initiated request or a device-initiated request. For example, the device-initiated request can refer to an occurrence of an initial environmental event such as a calendar alert or an incoming phone call. Next, at step  1204 , in conjunction with the haptic feedback component  950  is generating the initial haptic feedback event, the processor  910  can receive a request to generate a subsequent haptic feedback event. 
     At step  1206 , the processor  910  can determine a position of a mass  820  of the haptic feedback component  950  in conjunction with the haptic feedback component  950  generating the initial haptic feedback event. In some cases, the processor  910  can determine the position of the mass  820  based on an amount of the magnetic stray flux that is associated with the one or more permanent magnetic elements  830  of the haptic feedback component  950 . 
     At step  1208 , the processor  910  can generate a haptic feedback parameter for the subsequent haptic feedback event in accordance with the position of the mass  820 . In some examples, the haptic feedback parameter is characterized by at least one of e.g., amplitude, frequency, voltage, pulse, or polarity that is associated with the request. For example, a haptic feedback parameter associated with a phone call may be greater in frequency or amplitude than a haptic feedback parameter associated with a calendar alert. 
     At step  1210 , the processor  910  can cause the haptic feedback component  950  to generate the subsequent haptic feedback event in accordance with the adjusted haptic feedback parameter. By determining the position of the mass  820 , the haptic feedback component  950  can readily and accurately adjust at least one of a position, velocity, orientation, or acceleration of the mass  820  to readily accommodate for the subsequent haptic feedback event to be generated. In one example, the processor  910  can be configured to immediately interrupt or prevent the haptic feedback component  950  from further generating the initial haptic feedback event in order to accommodate the subsequent haptic feedback event. In another example, the processor  910  can be configured to allow the initial haptic feedback event to complete its execution before providing instructions to cause the subsequent haptic feedback event to be generated. 
     The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, used specific nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the specific details are not required in order to practice the described embodiments. Thus, the foregoing descriptions of the specific embodiments described herein are presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20170830
Publication Date: 20200331
Grant Date: 20200331
Priority Date: 20160906
Inventors: ZHANG, Yaocheng
FROESE, KEVIN M.
POPE, BENJAMIN J.
MYERS, SCOTT A.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G06F3/016", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01F7/20", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/046", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/044", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0416", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01F7/064", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/016", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0416", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/016", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/046", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/044", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01F7/20", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01F7/064", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G01R33/038", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 69951509