PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-11967290-B2
Application Number: US-202117357868-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Systems and methods for two-dimensional backlight operation

Abstract:
An electronic display device has a panel that operates in conjunction with a light-emitting diode (LED) backlight. The device “slopes” or gradually ramps a change in brightness of an LED based on a target brightness value of the LED, a current brightness value of the LED, and temperature at the LED. The device also may limit power to the backlight based on an estimated power consumption of a current row of LEDs of the backlight and power consumption of the other rows of LEDs. The device also may determine a reduced voltage to supply to an LED based on a current to supply to the LED to cause the LED to operate. The device also may send an interrupt to the backlight to block updates to the backlight while image content is written to pixels of the panel. The device further compensates for aging of and temperature at an LED.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An electronic display device comprising:
 a liquid crystal display panel; 
 a backlight comprising a plurality of light-emitting diodes configured to emit light through the liquid crystal display panel; and 
 one or more processors configured to:
 receive a present brightness and a target brightness for the plurality of light-emitting diodes; 
 determine a transition curve between the present brightness and the target brightness; 
 interpolate, on the transition curve, a sloped brightness for the plurality of light-emitting diodes based at least in part on the present brightness, the target brightness, and a temperature of the plurality of light-emitting diodes; 
 estimate a power consumption for a light-emitting diode row of the plurality of light-emitting diodes based on the sloped brightness of the light-emitting diode row; 
 receive stored power consumption for other light-emitting diode rows of the plurality of light-emitting diodes; 
 determine a total power consumption for the plurality of light-emitting diodes; 
 determine whether the total power consumption for the plurality of light-emitting diodes exceeds a threshold power consumption; 
 in response to determining that the total power consumption for the plurality of light-emitting diodes exceeds the threshold power consumption:
 receive or determine a current to supply to one or more light-emitting diodes of the plurality of light-emitting diodes; 
 determine a reduced voltage level to supply to the one or more light-emitting diodes based on the current of the one or more light-emitting diodes, wherein the reduced voltage level is less than a uniform voltage used for other light-emitting diodes of the plurality of light-emitting diodes and is greater than a minimum voltage of the one or more light emitting diodes of the plurality of the light-emitting diodes; and 
 supply the current and the reduced voltage level to the one or more light-emitting diodes; and 
 
 
 in response to receiving an indication of a new image frame comprising one or more pixel values to be written to one or more pixels of the liquid crystal display panel:
 send an interrupt, via a controller of the liquid crystal display panel, to the backlight to prevent updating the one or more light-emitting diodes of the plurality of the light-emitting diodes, wherein the one or more light-emitting diodes corresponds to the one or more pixels of the liquid crystal display panel; 
 cancel the interrupt, via the controller of the liquid crystal display panel, after the one or more pixel values are written to the one or more pixels of the liquid crystal display panel and the one or more pixels settling; and 
 in response to cancelling the interrupt, update the one or more light-emitting diodes corresponding to the one or more pixels based on the one or more pixel values. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The electronic display device of  claim 1 , comprising one or more memory devices configured to store the stored power consumption for the other light-emitting diode rows. 
     
     
       3. The electronic display device of  claim 1 , wherein the one or more processors are configured to determine the current, the reduced voltage level, or any combination thereof, based on the temperature of the one or more light-emitting diodes. 
     
     
       4. The electronic display device of  claim 1 , wherein the one or more processors are configured to:
 receive or determine an additional current to supply to one or more additional light-emitting diodes of the plurality of light-emitting diodes; 
 determine an additional reduced voltage level to supply to the one or more additional light-emitting diodes based on the additional current; and 
 supply the additional current and the additional reduced voltage level to the one or more additional light-emitting diodes. 
 
     
     
       5. The electronic display device of  claim 4 , wherein the additional reduced voltage level is different than the reduced voltage level to supply to the one or more light-emitting diodes. 
     
     
       6. The electronic display device of  claim 1 , wherein the reduced voltage level is greater than a dynamic threshold voltage for the one or more light-emitting-diodes based on the current and less than the voltage before reduction. 
     
     
       7. A method comprising:
 receiving a target brightness for a plurality of light-emitting diode rows of a backlight of an electronic display; 
 determining a transition curve between a present brightness and the target brightness; 
 interpolating, on the transition curve, a sloped brightness for the plurality of light-emitting diode rows based at least in part on the present brightness, the target brightness, and a temperature of the plurality of light-emitting diode rows; 
 estimating a power consumption for a light-emitting diode row of the plurality of light-emitting diode rows based at least in part on the sloped brightness; 
 receiving stored power consumption for other light-emitting diode rows of the plurality of light-emitting diode rows; 
 determining a total power consumption for the plurality of light-emitting diode rows based on the power consumption estimated for the light-emitting diode row and the stored power consumption for the other light-emitting diode rows; 
 determining that the total power consumption for the plurality of light-emitting diode rows exceeds a threshold power consumption; 
 in response to determining that the total power consumption for the plurality of light-emitting diode rows exceeds the threshold power consumption:
 receiving or determining a current to supply to one or more light-emitting diodes of the plurality of light-emitting diode rows; 
 determining a reduced voltage level to supply to the one or more light-emitting diodes based on the current of the one or more light-emitting diodes, wherein the reduced voltage level is less than a uniform voltage used for other light-emitting diodes of the plurality of light-emitting diode rows and is greater than a minimum voltage of the one or more light emitting diodes of the plurality of light-emitting diode rows; and 
 supplying the current and the reduced voltage level to the one or more light-emitting diodes; and 
 
 in response to receiving an indication of a new image frame comprising one or more pixel values to be written to one or more pixels of a liquid crystal display panel:
 sending an interrupt, via a controller of the liquid crystal display panel, to the backlight to prevent updating the one or more light-emitting diodes of the plurality of the light-emitting diodes, wherein the one or more light-emitting diodes corresponds to the one or more pixels of the liquid crystal display panel; 
 cancelling the interrupt, via the controller of the liquid crystal display panel, after the one or more pixel values are written to the one or more pixels of the liquid crystal display panel and the one or more pixels settling; and 
 in response to cancelling the interrupt, updating the one or more light-emitting diodes corresponding to the one or more pixels based on the one or more pixel values. 
 
 
     
     
       8. The method of  claim 7 , comprising supplying an initial power to the plurality of light-emitting diode rows that causes the power consumption for the light-emitting diode row, wherein the reduced voltage level causes a decreased power is less than the initial power. 
     
     
       9. The method of  claim 8 , comprising determining the decreased power by:
 generating a scaling factor; and 
 applying the scaling factor to power supplied to the plurality of light-emitting diode rows. 
 
     
     
       10. The method of  claim 7 , wherein estimating the power consumption for the light-emitting diode row is based on the target brightness of the light-emitting diode row. 
     
     
       11. The method of  claim 10 , wherein supplying the current and the reduced voltage to at least a subset of the plurality of light-emitting diode rows causes the light-emitting diode row to emit a brightness that is less than at least the target brightness. 
     
     
       12. The method of  claim 7 , comprising:
 estimating a second power consumption for the light-emitting diode row; 
 receiving a second stored power consumption for the other light-emitting diode rows; 
 determining a second total power consumption for the plurality of light-emitting diode rows based on the second power consumption estimated for the light-emitting diode row and the second stored power consumption for the other light-emitting diode rows; 
 determining that the second total power consumption for the plurality of light-emitting diode rows does not exceed the threshold power consumption; and 
 in response to determining that the second total power consumption for the plurality of light-emitting diode rows does not exceed the threshold power consumption, supplying a power to at least a subset of the plurality of light-emitting diode rows that causes the second power consumption for the light-emitting diode row. 
 
     
     
       13. One or more tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable media, comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
 receive a target brightness for one or more light-emitting diodes of a plurality of light-emitting diodes of a backlight of an electronic display; 
 determine a transition curve between a present brightness and the target brightness; 
 interpolate, on the transition curve, a sloped brightness for the one or more light-emitting diodes based at least in part on the present brightness, the target brightness, and a temperature of the one or more light-emitting diodes; 
 determine a total power consumption for the plurality of light-emitting diodes; 
 determine whether the total power consumption for the plurality of light-emitting diodes exceeds a threshold power consumption; 
 in response to determining that the total power consumption for the plurality of light-emitting diodes exceeds the threshold power consumption:
 receive or determine a current to supply to the one or more light-emitting diodes based at least in part on the sloped brightness; 
 receive or determine a reduced voltage level to supply to the one or more light-emitting diodes based on the current of the one or more light-emitting diodes based at least in part on the sloped brightness, wherein the reduced voltage level is less than a uniform voltage used for other light-emitting diodes of the plurality of light-emitting diodes and is greater than a minimum voltage of the one or more light-emitting diodes of the plurality of light-emitting diodes; and 
 supply the current and the reduced voltage level to the one or more light-emitting diodes; and 
 
 in response to receiving an indication of a new image frame comprising one or more pixel values to be written to one or more pixels of a liquid crystal display panel:
 send an interrupt, via a controller of the liquid crystal display panel, to the backlight to prevent updating the one or more light-emitting diodes of the plurality of the light-emitting diodes, wherein the one or more light-emitting diodes corresponds to the one or more pixels of the liquid crystal display panel; 
 cancel the interrupt, via the controller of the liquid crystal display panel, after the one or more pixel values are written to the one or more pixels of the liquid crystal display panel and the one or more pixels settling; and 
 in response to cancelling the interrupt, update the one or more light-emitting diodes corresponding to the one or more pixels based on the one or more pixel values. 
 
 
     
     
       14. The one or more tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable media of  claim 13 , wherein the minimum voltage is a voltage that causes the one or more light-emitting diodes to operate. 
     
     
       15. The one or more tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable media of  claim 13 , wherein the current causes the one or more light-emitting diodes to emit the target brightness by the sloped brightness. 
     
     
       16. The one or more tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable media of  claim 15 , wherein the reduced voltage level causes the one or more light-emitting diodes to emit the target brightness by the sloped brightness. 
     
     
       17. The one or more tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable media of  claim 13 , comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
 receive or determine an additional current to supply to one or more additional light-emitting diodes of the backlight of the electronic display based at least in part on the sloped brightness of the one or more additional light-emitting diodes; 
 receive or determine an additional reduced voltage level to supply to the one or more additional light-emitting diodes based on the additional current based at least in part on the sloped brightness of the one or more additional light-emitting diodes; and 
 supply the additional current and the additional reduced voltage level to the one or more additional light-emitting diodes. 
 
     
     
       18. The one or more tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable media of  claim 17 , wherein the additional reduced voltage level is different than the reduced voltage level to supply to the one or more light-emitting diodes. 
     
     
       19. The one or more tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable media of  claim 17 , wherein the additional current is different than the current to supply to the one or more light-emitting diodes.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 63/078,281, entitled “SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR TWO-DIMENSIONAL BACKLIGHT OPERATION,” filed Sep. 14, 2020, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     The present disclosure relates generally to electronic displays, and more particularly, to backlights of the electronic displays. 
     This section is intended to introduce the reader to various aspects of art that may be related to various aspects of the present disclosure, which are described and/or claimed below. This discussion is believed to be helpful in providing the reader with background information to facilitate a better understanding of the various aspects of the present disclosure. Accordingly, it should be understood that these statements are to be read in this light, and not as admissions of prior art. 
     Some electronic displays may include a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals combined with polarizers and/or color filters to cause light passing through the panel to appear as different colors and hues. The light may be provided by a backlight made up of, for example one or more light-emitting diodes (LEDs). In some cases, the backlight may include rows and columns of light source elements (e.g., LEDs), referred to as a two-dimensional (2D) backlight. At times, in operation, brightness of an LED of the backlight may be increased or decreased sharply (e.g., based on image content or a change in brightness setting). However, this sharp change in brightness, over time, may result in a change of operation of the LED, which may cause noticeable artifacts in the display. Additionally, the backlight may consume a variable amount of power depending on image content to be displayed on different parts of a display. If excessive power is consumed by the backlight, a voltage drop may occur that causes display circuitry to behave undesirably. 
     Moreover, the LEDs may operate when supplied with a current and a voltage. In particular, the current for an LED may be supplied based on a desired brightness for the LED, which may be dependent on image content. Supplying at least a threshold voltage to the LED, which may vary based on the supplied current, may cause the LED to be operable (e.g., emit light). One way to ensure that all LEDs of the backlight are operable is to supply a relatively high voltage to all LEDs to ensure that the supplied voltage is greater than the variable threshold voltage level. However, supplying these higher voltages may inefficiently consume excess power. 
     Furthermore, the backlight may be updated based on changes in image content. For example, a zero-dimensional (OD) backlight, which may provide a generally uniform amount of light across an entire frame, may be updated once per new frame of image content. Thus, a OD backlight may operate asynchronously to the LCD panel that it illuminates. A 2D backlight, however, may update while some pixel rows of the LCD panel are being written or are settling, which could produce image artifacts such as flickering or shimmering. 
     Also, a OD backlight may age in a predictable way based on its operation over time, since it uses a single light source. The more the backlight is operated, as well as the higher the temperature of operation, the more the backlight may age. For a 2D backlight that is made up of multiple light sources (e.g., LEDs), aging may vary over time based on the content that the backlight illuminates, the different temperatures each LED is exposed to (e.g., as produced by neighboring components that may be different for each LED), and so on. As such, a “burn-in” effect may arise due to uneven aging of a 2D backlight, resulting in poorer display quality. 
     SUMMARY 
     A summary of certain embodiments disclosed herein is set forth below. It should be understood that these aspects are presented merely to provide the reader with a brief summary of these certain embodiments and that these aspects are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Indeed, this disclosure may encompass a variety of aspects that may not be set forth below. 
     Systems and methods are disclosed that include electronic displays having a panel (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel) that operates in conjunction with a backlight (e.g., a two-dimensional (2D) backlight). The backlight may include one or more light sources, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which cause light to emit through the panel, which causes the light to appear as different desired colors and hues. 
     The system and methods may “slope” or a gradually ramp a change in brightness of an LED. In particular, a current brightness value and a target brightness value of the LED may be received, and a sloped or intermediate brightness may be interpolated based on the current brightness value and the target brightness value. In some cases, the sloped brightness may also be determined based on a temperature at the LED for greater accuracy. In this manner, sharp changes in brightness of the LED may be avoided or reduced, thus preventing or lessening noticeable artifacts in a display. 
     The system and methods may also limit or reduce power to the backlight based on a target brightness of a current row of LEDs of the backlight and power consumption of the other rows of LEDs of the backlight. In particular, power consumption (e.g., present power consumption) of the other rows of LEDs of the backlight may be stored, and power consumption for the current row of LEDs to emit the target brightness may be estimated. If the sum of these power consumptions is greater than a threshold power consumption, then the power supplied to all of the LEDs may be scaled down as to not exceed the threshold power consumption. In this manner, power delivery may be properly maintained, and a likelihood of voltage drop may be reduced or avoided. 
     The system and methods may further determine a reduced or minimum voltage to supply to an LED based on a current to supply to the LED to cause the LED to operate. The current may cause the LED to emit a desired brightness based on, for example, image content and/or a display brightness setting. The current and reduced voltage may then be supplied to the LED to operate the LED and cause the LED to emit the desired brightness. The reduced voltage may be less than a default, relatively high voltage that is uniformly supplied to all the LEDs of the backlight to ensure that the LEDs are all operable. In this manner, power may be conserved when operating the backlight. 
     The system and methods may also “stagger” updating the backlight, such that updating the backlight is synchronized with refreshing pixels of the LCD panel to optimize or increase image quality and reduce or minimize display flicker. In particular, updating the backlight may be performed on a row-by-row or group-by-group basis of the LEDs of the backlight in coordination with an LCD scan pattern of the panel. That is, to stagger updating the backlight, an interrupt may be sent to the backlight to block updates to the one or more LED rows of the backlight (e.g., corresponding to displaying a new image frame) while image content of the new image frame is written to pixels of the display panel. Once the image content has been written to the pixels, and the pixels have settled, then the interrupt may be canceled. The one or more LED rows of the backlight may then be updated. In this manner, the backlight may be prevented from changing while image content is written to the display panel, reducing image artifacts on the display. 
     The system and methods may further compensate for aging of and temperature at an LED. In particular, periodic compensation factors may be determined over time that compensate for aging and temperature of the LED. These compensation factors may be combined to determine a compensation factor, and current may be supplied to the LED based on the compensation factor. In this manner, display abnormalities, such as “burn-in” effects, may be avoided or reduced, resulting in better display quality. 
     It should be understood that any or all of the disclosed systems and methods may be combined together. That is, the disclosed systems and methods may include electronic displays having LCD panels that operate in conjunction with 2D LED backlights that “slope” or gradually ramp a change in brightness of an LED, limit power to the backlight based on a target brightness of a current row of LEDs and power consumption of the other rows of LEDs, determine a reduced voltage to supply to an LED to cause the LED to operate based on a current to supply to the LED, stagger updating the backlight to block updates to the backlight while image content is written to pixels of the LCD panel, and/or compensate for aging of and temperature at an LED. 
     Various refinements of the features noted above may exist in relation to various aspects of the present disclosure. Further features may also be incorporated in these various aspects as well. These refinements and additional features may exist individually or in any combination. For instance, various features discussed below in relation to one or more of the illustrated embodiments may be incorporated into any of the above-described aspects of the present disclosure alone or in any combination. The brief summary presented above is intended to familiarize the reader with certain aspects and contexts of embodiments of the present disclosure without limitation to the claimed subject matter. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Various aspects of this disclosure may be better understood upon reading the following detailed description and upon reference to the drawings in which: 
         FIG.  1    is a schematic block diagram of an electronic device including a transceiver, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  2    is a perspective view of a notebook computer representing a first embodiment of the electronic device of  FIG.  1   ; 
         FIG.  3    is a front view of a handheld device representing a second embodiment of the electronic device of  FIG.  1   ; 
         FIG.  4    is a front view of another handheld device representing a third embodiment of the electronic device of  FIG.  1   ; 
         FIG.  5    is a front view of a desktop computer representing a fourth embodiment of the electronic device of  FIG.  1   ; 
         FIG.  6    is a front view and side view of a wearable electronic device representing a fifth embodiment of the electronic device of  FIG.  1   ; 
         FIG.  7    is a schematic diagram of certain components of a display of the electronic device of  FIG.  1   , according to embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  8    is a block diagram of a backlight control system of the electronic device of  FIG.  1   , according to embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  9    is a block diagram of sloping logic of the backlight control system of  FIG.  8    in operation, according to embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  10    is a flowchart of a method for sloping or gradually ramping changes in brightness of a light-emitting diode (LED) of the display of the electronic device of  FIG.  1   , according to embodiments of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  11    is a block diagram of power limiting logic of the backlight control system of  FIG.  8    in operation, according to embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  12    is a flowchart of a method for limiting power consumed by a backlight of the display of the electronic device of  FIG.  1   , according to embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  13    is a block diagram of adaptive headroom logic of the backlight control system of  FIG.  8    in operation, according to embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  14    is a flowchart of a method for determining a reduced voltage to supply to an LED based on current to supply to the LED to cause the LED to operate, according to embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  15    is a block diagram of a backlight interrupt logic of the backlight control system of  FIG.  8    in operation, according to embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  16    is a flowchart of a method for staggering updates to the backlight, according to embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  17    is a block diagram of aging compensation logic of the backlight control system of  FIG.  8    in operation, according to embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  18    is a schematic diagram of a temperature grid disposed over a panel of the display of the electronic device of  FIG.  1   , according to embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  19    is a schematic diagram of an LED of the display of the electronic device of  FIG.  1    that is surrounded by temperature points, according to embodiments of the present disclosure; and 
         FIG.  20    is a flowchart of a method for compensating for aging of and temperature at an LED of the display of the electronic device of  FIG.  1   , according to embodiments of the present disclosure 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     One or more specific embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below. These described embodiments are examples of the presently disclosed techniques. Additionally, in an effort to provide a concise description of these embodiments, all features of an actual implementation may not be described in the specification. It should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developers&#39; specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which may vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it should be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time-consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking of design, fabrication, and manufacture for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure. 
     When introducing elements of various embodiments of the present disclosure, the articles “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to mean that there are one or more of the elements. The terms “comprising,” “including,” and “having” are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements other than the listed elements. Additionally, it should be understood that references to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” of the present disclosure are not intended to be interpreted as excluding the existence of additional embodiments that also incorporate the recited features. 
     Some electronic displays may include a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals combined with polarizers and/or color filters to cause light passing through the panel to appear as different colors and hues. The light may be provided by a backlight made up of, for example one or more light-emitting diodes (LEDs). In some cases, the backlight may include rows and columns of light source elements (e.g., LEDs), referred to as a two-dimensional (2D) backlight. 
     At times, in operation, brightness or luminance of an LED of the backlight may be increased or decreased sharply (e.g., based on image content or a change in brightness setting). However, this sharp change in brightness, over time, may result in a change of operation of the LED, which may cause noticeable artifacts in the display. To prevent or smooth out this change in brightness, the brightness of the LED may be “sloped” or a gradually ramped between a current brightness value and a target brightness value. That is, the current brightness value and the target brightness value of the LED may be received, and a sloped or intermediate brightness may be interpolated based on the current brightness value and the target brightness value. In some cases, the sloped brightness may also be determined based on a temperature at the LED for greater accuracy. In this manner, sharp changes in brightness of the LED may be avoided or reduced, thus preventing or lessening noticeable artifacts in a display. 
     Additionally, the backlight may consume a variable amount of power depending on image content to be displayed on different parts of a display. If excessive power is consumed by the backlight, a voltage drop may occur that causes display circuitry to behave undesirably. To limit or reduce power consumed by the backlight, power consumption for a current row of LEDs to emit a target brightness may be estimated, and power consumption (e.g., present power consumption) of the other rows of LEDs of the backlight may be stored or combined in a final or total power consumption calculation. If the sum of these power consumptions is greater than a threshold power consumption, then the power supplied to all of the LEDs may be scaled down as to not exceed the threshold power consumption. In this manner, power delivery may be properly maintained, and a likelihood of voltage drop may be reduced or avoided. 
     Moreover, the LEDs may operate when supplied with a current and a voltage. In particular, the current for an LED may be supplied based on a desired brightness for the LED, which may be dependent on image content. Supplying at least a threshold voltage to the LED, which may vary based on the supplied current, may cause the LED to be operable (e.g., emit light). One way to ensure that all LEDs of the backlight are operable is to supply a relatively high voltage to all LEDs to ensure that the supplied voltage is greater than the variable threshold voltage level. However, supplying these higher voltages may inefficiently consume excess power. Instead, a reduced or minimum voltage to supply to an LED based on a current to supply to the LED may be determined to cause the LED to operate. The current may cause the LED to emit a desired brightness based on, for example, image content and/or a display brightness setting. The current and reduced voltage may then be supplied to the LED to operate the LED and cause the LED to emit the desired brightness. The reduced voltage may be less than the relatively high voltage that is uniformly supplied to all the LEDs of the backlight to ensure that the LEDs are all operable. In this manner, power may be conserved when operating the backlight. 
     Furthermore, the backlight may be updated based on changes in image content. For example, a zero-dimensional (OD) backlight, which may emit a substantially uniform amount of light for an entire image frame, may be updated once per new frame of image content. Thus, a OD backlight may operate asynchronously to the LCD panel that it illuminates. A 2D backlight, however, may update while some pixel rows of the LCD panel are being written or are settling, which could produce image artifacts such as flickering or shimmering. To prevent the 2D backlight from updating while some pixel rows of the LCD panel are being written or are settling, updates to the backlight may be staggered in a synchronous manner with respect updating pixel values of the LCD panel. In particular, an interrupt may be sent from a controller of the LCD panel to the backlight to block updates to one or more LED rows of the backlight (e.g., corresponding to displaying a new image frame) while image content of the new image frame is written to pixels of the LCD panel. Once the image content has been written to the pixels, and the pixels have settled, then the interrupt may be canceled. The backlight may then be updated. In this manner, the backlight may be prevented from changing while image content is written to the LCD panel, reducing image artifacts on the display. 
     Also, a OD backlight may age in a predictable way based on its operation over time, since it uses a single light source. The more the backlight is operated, as well as the higher the temperature of operation, the more the backlight may age. For a 2D backlight that is made up of multiple light sources (e.g., LEDs), aging may vary over time based on the content that the backlight illuminates, the different temperatures each LED is exposed to (e.g., as produced by neighboring components that may be different for each LED), and so on. As such, a “burn-in” effect may arise due to uneven aging of a 2D backlight, resulting in poorer display quality. To compensate for aging of and temperature at an LED, periodic compensation factors that compensate for aging and temperature of the LED may be determined over time. These compensation factors may be combined to determine a compensation factor, and current may be supplied to the LED based on the compensation factor. In this manner, display abnormalities, such as “burn-in” effects, may be avoided or reduced, resulting in better display quality. 
     Electronic devices that implement these disclosed techniques are described in herein. Moreover, it should be understood that any or all of the disclosed techniques may be combined together. That is, the electronic devices may include displays having LCD panels that operate in conjunction with 2D LED backlights that “slope” or gradually ramp a change in brightness of an LED, limit power to the backlight based on a target brightness of a current row of LEDs and power consumption of the other rows of LEDs, determine a reduced voltage to supply to an LED to cause the LED to operate based on a current to supply to the LED, send an interrupt to the backlight to block updates to the backlight while image content is written to pixels of the LCD panel, and/or compensate for aging of and temperature at an LED. 
     Turning first to  FIG.  1   , an electronic device  10  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include, among other things, one or more of processor(s)  12  (e.g., a processor core complex), memory  13 , nonvolatile storage  14 , a display  15 , input structures  22 , an input/output (I/O) interface  24 , a network interface  26 , a transceiver  28 , and a power source  30 . The various functional blocks shown in  FIG.  1    may include hardware elements (including circuitry), software elements (including computer code stored on a computer-readable medium) or a combination of both hardware and software elements. Furthermore, a combination of elements may be included in tangible, non-transitory, and machine-readable medium that include machine-readable instructions. The instructions may be executed by the processor core complex  12  and may cause the processor core complex  12  to perform operations as described herein. It should be noted that  FIG.  1    is merely one example of a particular embodiment and is intended to illustrate the types of elements that may be present in the electronic device  10 . 
     By way of example, the electronic device  10  may represent a block diagram of the notebook computer depicted in  FIG.  2   , the handheld device depicted in  FIG.  3   , the handheld device depicted in  FIG.  4   , the desktop computer depicted in  FIG.  5   , the wearable electronic device depicted in  FIG.  6   , or similar devices. It should be noted that the processor core complex  12  and other related items in  FIG.  1    may be generally referred to herein as “data processing circuitry.” Such data processing circuitry may be embodied wholly or in part as software, firmware, hardware, or any combination thereof. Furthermore, the data processing circuitry may be a single contained processing module or may be incorporated wholly or partially within any of the other elements within the electronic device  10 . 
     In the electronic device  10  of  FIG.  1   , the processor core complex  12  may operably couple with the memory  13  and the nonvolatile storage  14  to perform various algorithms. Such programs or instructions executed by the processor core complex  12  may be stored in any suitable article of manufacture that includes one or more tangible, computer-readable media at least collectively storing the instructions or processes, such as the memory  13  and the nonvolatile storage  14 . The memory  13  and the nonvolatile storage  14  may include any suitable articles of manufacture for storing data and executable instructions, such as random-access memory, read-only memory, rewritable flash memory, hard drives, and optical discs. Also, programs (e.g., an operating system) encoded on such a computer program product may also include instructions executable by the processor core complex  12  to enable the electronic device  10  to provide various functionalities. 
     In certain embodiments, the display  15  may be a liquid crystal display (LCD), which may facilitate users to view images generated on the electronic device  10 . In particular, the display  15  may include a display panel  16  (e.g., an LCD panel), which may include liquid crystals combined with polarizers and/or color filters to cause light passing through the panel  16  to appear as different colors and hues. In some embodiments, the display  15  may include a touch screen, which may facilitate user interaction with a user interface of the electronic device  10 . Furthermore, it should be appreciated that, in some embodiments, the display  15  may include one or more organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays, or some combination of LCD panels and OLED panels. As illustrated, the light passing through the panel  16  may be provided by a backlight  17  made up of, for example one or more light-emitting diodes (LEDs)  18 . In some cases, the backlight  17  may include rows and columns of light source elements (e.g., LEDs  18 ), referred to as a two-dimensional (2D) backlight. 
     The display  15  may include a display control system  19  or display pipe that operates the display  15 . Although the display control system  19  is illustrated as part of the display  15 , the display control system  19  may additionally or alternatively be part of the processor  12  (e.g., the processor core complex). For example, the display control system  19  may include pixel-processing logic, control logic, one or more microcontrollers, one or more processors (e.g.,  12 ), one or more memory devices (e.g.,  13 ), timing generation logic, compression logic, and so on. Similarly, the backlight  17  may include a backlight controller  20  (e.g., having one or more processors (e.g.,  12 ) and/or one or more memory devices (e.g.,  13 )) that operates the backlight  17 . The display control system  19  may include a backlight control system  21  that sends instructions to the backlight controller  20 , such as to ensure synchronization between updates of pixel data and the LED array  18  of the backlight  17 . In some embodiments, the backlight control system  21  may include one or more processors (e.g.,  12 ) and/or one or more memory devices (e.g.,  13 ). 
     The processors  12  (e.g., as part of or in the form of a controller) may operate circuitry to input or output data generated by the electronic device  10 . For example, the processors  12  may control and/or operate the memory  13 , the nonvolatile storage  14 , display  15 , input structures  22 , an input/output (I/O interface)  24 , a network interface  26 , a transceiver  28 , a power source  30 , or the like to perform operations of the electronic device  10  and/or to facilitate control of the operations of the electronic device  10 . In particular, the processors  12  may generate control signals for operating the transceiver  28  to transmit data on one or more communication networks. 
     The input structures  22  of the electronic device  10  may enable a user to interact with the electronic device  10  (e.g., pressing a button to increase or decrease a volume level). The I/O interface  24  may enable the electronic device  10  to interface with various other electronic devices, as may the network interface  26 . The network interface  26  may include, for example, one or more interfaces for a personal area network (PAN), such as a BLUETOOTH® network, for a local area network (LAN) or wireless local area network (WLAN), such as an 802.11x WI-FI® network, and/or for a wide area network (WAN), such as a 3 rd  generation (3G) cellular network, 4th generation (4G) cellular network, LTE cellular network, long term evolution license assisted access (LTE-LAA) cellular network, 5th generation (5G) cellular network, or New Radio (NR) cellular network. The network interface  26  may also include one or more interfaces for, for example, broadband fixed wireless access networks (e.g., WIMAX®), mobile broadband Wireless networks (mobile WIMAX®), asynchronous digital subscriber lines (e.g., ADSL, VDSL), digital video broadcasting-terrestrial (DVB-T®) network and its extension DVB Handheld (DVB-H®) network, ultra-wideband (UWB) network, alternating current (AC) power lines, and so forth. 
     In certain embodiments, the electronic device  10  may take the form of a computer, a portable electronic device, a wearable electronic device, or other type of electronic device. Such computers may be generally portable (such as laptop, notebook, and tablet computers) and/or those that are generally used in one place (such as desktop computers, workstations and/or servers). In certain embodiments, the electronic device  10  in the form of a computer may be a model of a MACBOOK®, MACBOOK® PRO, MACBOOK AIR®, IMAC®, MAC® mini, or MAC PRO® available from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California By way of example, the electronic device  10 , taking the form of a notebook computer  10 A, is illustrated in  FIG.  2    in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. The notebook computer  10 A may include a housing or the enclosure  36 , the display  15 , the input structures  22 , and ports associated with the I/O interface  24 . In one embodiment, the input structures  22  (such as a keyboard and/or touchpad) may enable interaction with the notebook computer  10 A, such as starting, controlling, or operating a graphical user interface (GUI) and/or applications running on the notebook computer  10 A. For example, a keyboard and/or touchpad may facilitate user interaction with a user interface, GUI, and/or application interface displayed on display  15 . 
       FIG.  3    depicts a front view of a handheld device  10 B, which represents one embodiment of the electronic device  10 . The handheld device  10 B may represent, for example, a portable phone, a media player, a personal data organizer, a handheld game platform, or any combination of such devices. By way of example, the handheld device  10 B may be a model of an IPOD® or IPHONE® available from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California. The handheld device  10 B may include the enclosure  36  to protect interior elements from physical damage and to shield them from electromagnetic interference. The enclosure  36  may surround the display  15 . The I/O interface  24  may open through the enclosure  36  and may include, for example, an I/O port for a hard wired connection for charging and/or content manipulation using a connector and protocol, such as the Lightning connector provided by Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California, a universal serial bus (USB), or other similar connector and protocol. 
     The input structures  22 , in combination with the display  15 , may enable user control of the handheld device  10 B. For example, the input structures  22  may activate or deactivate the handheld device  10 B, navigate a user interface to a home screen, present a user-editable application screen, and/or activate a voice-recognition feature of the handheld device  10 B. Other of the input structures  22  may provide volume control, or may toggle between vibrate and ring modes. The input structures  22  may also include a microphone to obtain a user&#39;s voice for various voice-related features, and a speaker to enable audio playback. The input structures  22  may also include a headphone input to enable input from external speakers and/or headphones. 
       FIG.  4    depicts a front view of another handheld device  10 C, which represents another embodiment of the electronic device  10 . The handheld device  10 C may represent, for example, a tablet computer, or one of various portable computing devices. By way of example, the handheld device  10 C may be a tablet-sized embodiment of the electronic device  10 , which may be, for example, a model of an IPAD® available from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California. 
     Turning to  FIG.  5   , a computer  10 D may represent another embodiment of the electronic device  10  of  FIG.  1   . The computer  10 D may be any computer, such as a desktop computer, a server, or a notebook computer, and/or may be a standalone media player or video gaming machine. By way of example, the computer  10 D may be an IMAC®, a MACBOOK®, or other similar device by Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California. It should be noted that the computer  10 D may also represent a personal computer (PC) by another manufacturer. The enclosure  36  may protect and enclose internal elements of the computer  10 D, such as the display  15 . In certain embodiments, a user of the computer  10 D may interact with the computer  10 D using various peripheral input devices, such as keyboard  22 A or mouse  22 B (e.g., input structures  22 ), which may operatively couple to the computer  10 D. 
     Similarly,  FIG.  6    depicts a wearable electronic device  10 E representing another embodiment of the electronic device  10  of  FIG.  1   . By way of example, the wearable electronic device  10 E, which may include a wristband  43 , may be an APPLE WATCH® by Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California. However, in other embodiments, the wearable electronic device  10 E may include any wearable electronic device such as, a wearable exercise monitoring device (e.g., pedometer, accelerometer, heart rate monitor), or other device by another manufacturer. The display  15  of the wearable electronic device  10 E may include a touch screen version of the display  15  (e.g., LCD, OLED display, active-matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) display, and so forth), as well as the input structures  22 , which may facilitate user interaction with a user interface of the wearable electronic device  10 E. In certain embodiments, as previously noted above, each embodiment (e.g., notebook computer  10 A, handheld device  10 B, handheld device  10 C, computer  10 D, and wearable electronic device  10 E) of the electronic device  10  may include the transceiver  28 . 
     Keeping the foregoing in mind,  FIG.  7    is a schematic diagram of certain components of the display  15  of the electronic device  10  of  FIG.  1   , according to embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated, the display  15  includes the display control system  19  that is communicatively coupled to a timing controller  50 , which is in turn communicatively coupled to the LCD panel  16 . The display control system  19  may send image data to the timing controller  50 , which converts the image data to a format suitable for input to source drivers of the panel  16  and/or generates control signals for gate and source drivers of the panel  16 . 
     The display control system  19  includes the backlight control system  21 , which is communicatively coupled to the backlight controller  20  that controls brightness of each LED  18  of the backlight  17  via row drivers  52  and column drivers  54 . In particular, the backlight control system  21  may instruct the backlight controller  20  to set each LED  18  to a certain brightness based on image content to be displayed via pixels of the panel  16  (e.g., that correspond to respective LEDs  18 ) and/or a brightness setting of the display  15  (e.g., as set by a user). 
       FIG.  8    is a block diagram of the backlight control system  21  of the electronic device  10  of  FIG.  1   , according to embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated, the backlight control system  21  may include one or more processors  60 , such as the one or more processors  12  described with respect to the electronic device  10 . Similarly, the backlight control system  21  may include one or more memory devices  62 , such as the one or more memory devices  13  described with respect to the electronic device  10 . 
     The backlight control system  21  may also include sloping logic  64  that causes changes in brightness of an LED  18  to be “sloped” or a gradually ramped. In particular, the sloping logic  64  may receive a current brightness value and a target brightness value of the LED  18 , and interpolate a sloped or intermediate brightness between the current brightness value and the target brightness value. In some cases, the sloping logic  64  may determine the sloped brightness based on the temperature at the LED  18 , temperature of the corresponding LCD pixels of the panel  16  that are in front of that LED  18 , or both. In this manner, the sloping logic  64  may avoid or reduce sharp changes in brightness of the LED  18 , thus preventing or lessening noticeable artifacts in the display  15 . The term “logic” may refer to hardware (e.g., circuitry, including the processor  60 ), software (e.g., code or machine-executable instructions, stored in the memory  62 ), firmware (e.g., software permanently programmed into read-only memory, including the memory  62 ) or any combination thereof. 
     The backlight control system  21  may additionally include power limiting logic  66  that limits or reduces power consumed by the backlight  17 . In particular, the power limiting logic  66  may estimate power consumption for any combination of rows of LEDs  18 , from a current row of LEDs  18  being driven at a specific time to a sum of power consumption of all LED rows of the backlight  17 . For example, the power limiting logic  66  may estimate a power consumption for a current row of LEDs  18  to emit a target brightness (e.g., based on image content and/or a display brightness setting), and store power consumption (e.g., present power consumption) of the other rows of LEDs  18  of the backlight  17 . If the power limiting logic  66  determines that the sum of these power consumptions is greater than a threshold power consumption, then the power limiting logic  66  may scale down the power supplied to all of the LEDs as to not exceed the threshold power consumption. In this manner, the power limiting logic  66  may properly maintain power delivery and reduce or avoid a likelihood of a voltage drop. 
     The backlight control system  21  may further include adaptive headroom logic  68  that determines a reduced or minimum voltage to supply to an LED  18  based on a current to supply to the LED  18  to cause the LED  18  to operate. The current may cause the LED  18  to emit a desired brightness based on, for example, image content and/or a display brightness setting. The current and reduced voltage may then be supplied to the LED  18  to operate the LED  18  and cause the LED  18  to emit the desired brightness. The reduced voltage may be less than a relatively high voltage that could be uniformly supplied to all the LEDs  18  of the backlight  17  to ensure that the LEDs  18  are all operable. In this manner, the adaptive headroom logic  68  may conserve power when operating the backlight  17 . 
     The backlight control system  21  may also include backlight interrupt logic  70  that staggers updates to the backlight  17  in a synchronous manner with respect updating pixel values of the LCD panel  16 . In particular, the backlight control system  21  may send an interrupt to the backlight  17  to block updates to the one or more LED rows of the backlight  17  (e.g., corresponding to displaying a new image frame) while image content of the new image frame is written to pixels of the display panel  16 . Once the image content has been written to the pixels, and the pixels have settled, then the backlight interrupt logic  70  may cancel the interrupt. The backlight  17  may then be updated. In this manner, the backlight interrupt logic  70  may prevent the backlight  17  from changing while image content is written to the display panel  16 , thus reducing image artifacts on the display  15 . 
     The backlight control system  21  may additionally include aging compensation logic  72  that compensates for aging of and temperature at an LED  18 . In particular, the aging compensation logic  72  may determine periodic compensation factors over time that compensate for aging and temperature of the LED  18 . The aging compensation logic  72  may combine these compensation factors to determine a single compensation factor, and current may be supplied to the LED  18  based on the compensation factor. In this manner, the aging compensation logic  72  may avoid or reduce display abnormalities, such as “burn-in” effects, resulting in better display quality. 
     It should be understood that any or all of the disclosed logics and/or methods may be combined together. That is, the backlight control system  21  of the electronic device  10  may include any combination of the sloping logic  64 , the power limiting logic  66 , the adaptive headroom logic  68 , the backlight interrupt logic  70 , and the aging compensation logic  72 . 
       FIG.  9    is a block diagram of the sloping logic  64  of the backlight control system  21  of  FIG.  8    in operation, according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The sloping logic  64  causes changes in brightness of an LED  18  to be “sloped” or gradually ramped to avoid or reduce sharp changes in brightness of the LED  18 . The backlight control system  21  may include an LED brightness buffer  80  that stores brightness values (e.g., in nits) for the LEDs  18  of the backlight  17 . The LED brightness buffer  80  may be stored in the memory device  62 , for example. In some embodiments, the brightness values for the LEDs  18  may be estimated based on, for example, current supplied to the LEDs  18  and/or previous calibration of the LEDs  18  (e.g., as measured, tested, and/or calibrated during manufacturing). The LED brightness buffer  80  may store current brightness values  82  for the LEDs  18 , as well as previous brightness values (e.g., the last three brightness values) for the LEDs  18 . In some cases, a brightness value may be determined for each LED  18 , while, in other cases, a brightness value may be determined for each zone or “frame” of the array or grid of LEDs  18  of the backlight  17 . The LED brightness buffer  80  may store target or desired brightness values  84  for the LEDs  18 , which may be based on image content to be displayed by the display  15  (e.g., brighter content or portions of content may have higher brightness values for corresponding LEDs  18 , dimmer content or portions of content may have lower brightness values for corresponding LEDs  18 ). 
     The sloping logic  64  may interpolate a sloped or intermediate brightness  86  for an LED  18  between the current brightness value  82  and the target brightness value  84 . The interpolation may be non-linear to allow any type of transition curve from the current brightness value  82  and the target brightness value  84 . In some embodiments, a predetermined transition curve may be stored in the memory device  62 . The sloped brightness  86  may be chosen as data point on the curve based on a relative time with respect to an LCD pixel update time or an update index that is configured by firmware. The update index may be based on current or brightness provided as an update to the LED  18 , and facilitate selecting an interpolation weight between the current brightness value  82  and the target brightness value  84  based on the curve. 
     In some cases, the sloping logic  64  may determine the sloped brightness value  86  based on a temperature  88  at the LED  18  for greater accuracy. That is, because temperature  88  at the LED  18  and/or temperature of the corresponding LCD pixels of the panel  16  that are in front of that LED  18  may affect operation of the LED  18  (e.g., change brightness of the LED  18 ), the sloped brightness  86  may be generated or adjusted based on temperature. In particular, the curve used to select the sloped brightness  86  may include a temperature axis. In some embodiments, the temperature  88  may be measured using a temperature sensor at the LED  18 . In additional or alternative embodiments, the temperature  88  may be calculated using a temperature grid or table based on, for example, current at the LED  18 . 
     In some embodiments, the sloping logic  64  may determine an interpolated brightness between the current brightness value  82  and the target brightness value  84  based on the temperature curve, and then combine the interpolated brightness, the current brightness value  82 , and the target brightness value  84  to generate the sloped brightness value  86 . The sloping logic  64  may apply weights to each of the interpolated brightness, the current brightness value  82 , and the target brightness value  84  to generate the sloped brightness  86 . For example, the backlight control system  21  may include ramp profiles  90  that include different weights for the interpolated brightness, the current brightness value  82 , and the target brightness value  84  that vary with temperature, duration (e.g., of activating the LED  18 ), and/or configuration. That is, the weights may change depending on the temperature at the LED  18 , to compensate for the temperature  88 . The weights may be determined based on a calibration process (e.g., performed during manufacturing) to accurately compensate for the temperature  88  at the LED  18 . The weights may additionally or alternatively be dependent on an actual frame time in the case that the LCD refresh rate is variable. 
     Accordingly, the sloping logic  64  may determine a corresponding ramp profile  90  based on the temperature  88  at the LED  18 , and apply the weights of the ramp profile  90  to the interpolated brightness, the current brightness value  82 , and the target brightness value  84  to determine a sloped brightness value  86 . The backlight control system  21  may then cause the LED  18  to activate at the sloped brightness value  86 . In a next iteration, the backlight control system  21  may store the sloped brightness value  86  as the next current brightness value  82  in the LED brightness buffer  80 . In this manner, the sloping logic  64  may avoid or reduce sharp changes in brightness of the LED  18 , thus preventing or lessening noticeable artifacts in the display  15 . In some embodiments, the sloping logic  64  may generate sloped brightness values  86  at an update rate that is greater than or equal to the update or frame rate of the LCD panel  16 . 
     With the foregoing in mind,  FIG.  10    is a flowchart of a method  100  for sloping or gradually ramping changes in brightness of an LED  18 , according to embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that, although depicted in a particular order, the blocks of the method  100  may be performed in any suitable order, and at least some blocks may be skipped altogether. As described herein, the method  100  is described as performed by the sloping logic  64  and the backlight control system  21 , however, it should be understood that any suitable processing and/or control circuitry may perform some or all of the operations of the method  100 , such as the processor  60  and/or the processor core complex  12 , based on executing instructions stored in a memory device, such as the memory device  62  and/or the memory device  13 . 
     At block  102 , the sloping logic  64  receives a current brightness value  82  of the LED  18 . In particular, the current brightness value  82  may be the brightness that the LED  18  is currently emitting. The current brightness value  82  may be measured (e.g., using a sensor coupled to the LED  18 ), estimated (e.g., based on a current supplied to the LED  18 ), and/or stored and received from the LED brightness buffer  80 . 
     At block  104 , the sloping logic  64  determines or receives a target brightness value  84  of the LED  18 . In particular, the target brightness value  84  may be a desired brightness that the LED  18  is to emit. The target brightness value  84  may be based on image content to be backlit by the LED  18  and/or a brightness setting of the LED  18 . The target brightness value  84  may be stored and received from the LED brightness buffer  80 . 
     At block  106 , the sloping logic  64  receives a temperature  88  of the LED  18 . The temperature  88  may be provided by a temperature sensor coupled to the LED  18  and/or estimated based on a current supplied to the LED  18 . At block  108 , the sloping logic  64  interpolates a sloped brightness value  86  based on the current brightness value  82 , the target brightness value  84 , and the temperature  88  of the LED  18 . The sloping logic  64  may also or alternatively interpolate the sloped brightness value  86  based on current LCD refresh rate and/or frame duration (e.g., a time the LCD frame is on the panel  16 ). In some embodiments, the sloping logic  64  may determine an interpolated brightness between the current brightness value  82  and the target brightness value  84  based on a predetermined temperature curve, and then combine the interpolated brightness, the current brightness value  82 , and the target brightness value  84  to generate the sloped brightness value  86 . The sloping logic  64  may apply weights to each of the interpolated brightness, the current brightness value  82 , and the target brightness value  84  to generate the sloped brightness  86 . In particular, the sloping logic  64  may determine a corresponding ramp profile  90  based on the temperature  88  at the LED  18 , and apply weights of the ramp profile  90  to the interpolated brightness, the current brightness value  82 , and the target brightness value  84  to determine the sloped brightness value  86 . 
     At block  110 , the backlight control system  21  may then cause the LED  18  to activate at the sloped brightness value  86 . In a next iteration, the backlight control system  21  may store the sloped brightness value  86  as the next current brightness value  82  in the LED brightness buffer  80 . In this manner, the method  100  may avoid or reduce sharp changes in brightness of the LED  18 , thus preventing or lessening noticeable artifacts in the display  15 . 
       FIG.  11    is a block diagram of the power limiting logic  66  of the backlight control system  21  of  FIG.  8    in operation, according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The power limiting logic  66  limits or reduces power consumed by the backlight  17 . In particular, the power limiting logic  66  may estimate a power consumption  120  for a current row of LEDs  18  to emit a target brightness (e.g., based on image content and/or a display brightness setting). That is, the backlight control system  21  may receive or determine a target brightness for which the current row of LEDs  18  should emit based on image content that is to be displayed on the display  15  and/or a brightness setting of the display  15 . 
     The backlight control system  21  may also store power consumption values  122  (e.g., present power consumption values) of the other rows of LEDs  18  of the backlight  17 . That is, the current power consumed for each of the other rows of LEDs  18  used to display current image content may be determined or estimated and stored in memory (e.g., the memory  62 ). The power limiting logic  66  may sum these power consumptions together, and compare to a threshold power consumption. The threshold power consumption may be any suitable power limit for the backlight  17  to consume. If the sum of the power consumptions is greater than the threshold power consumption, then the power limiting logic  66  may scale down the power supplied to all of the LEDs  18  so that the power consumed by the LEDs  18  does not exceed the threshold power consumption. In some embodiments, the power limiting logic  66  may generate a power scaling factor  124  that, when applied by the backlight control system  21  to the power supplied to all of the LEDs  18 , the power consumed by the LEDs  18  does not exceed the threshold power consumption. In additional or alternative embodiments, the power limiting logic  66  may decrease the power supplied to all LEDs  18  by the same amount so that the power consumed by the LEDs  18  does not exceed the threshold power consumption. In other examples, the power limiting logic  66  may reduce (e.g., scale down) current to a present row of the LEDs  18  but not to any other rows of LEDs  18 . In this manner, the power limiting logic  66  may properly maintain power delivery and reduce or avoid a likelihood of a voltage drop. 
     With the foregoing in mind,  FIG.  12    is a flowchart of a method  130  for limiting power consumed by the backlight  17 , according to embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that, although depicted in a particular order, the blocks of the method  130  may be performed in any suitable order, and at least some blocks may be skipped altogether. As described herein, the method  130  is described as performed by the power limiting logic  66  and the backlight control system  21 , however, it should be understood that any suitable processing and/or control circuitry may perform some or all of the operations of the method  130 , such as the processor  60  and/or the processor core complex  12 , based on executing instructions stored in a memory device, such as the memory device  62  and/or the memory device  13 . 
     At block  132 , the power limiting logic  66  estimates a power consumption  120  for a current LED row based on a target brightness. That is, the backlight control system  21  may receive or determine a target brightness for which the current row of LEDs  18  should emit based on image content that is to be displayed on the display  15  and/or a brightness setting of the display  15 . 
     At block  134 , the power limiting logic  66  receives stored power values  122  for other LED rows. The stored power consumption values  122  may include power that is currently being consumed for each of the other rows of LEDs  18  that is, for example, used to display current image content. The stored power consumption values  122  may be measured (e.g., using a sensor coupled to the rows of LEDs  18 ) or estimated (e.g., based on current supplied to the LEDs  18 ), and stored in memory (e.g., the memory  62 ). 
     At block  136 , the power limiting logic  66  determines total power consumption for the LED rows. In particular, the power limiting logic  66  may sum the estimated power consumption  120  for the current LED row and the stored power consumptions  122  for the other LED rows. At block  138 , the power limiting logic  66  determines whether the total power consumption is greater than a threshold power consumption. The threshold power consumption may be any suitable power limit for the backlight  17  to consume. If the sum of the power consumptions is greater than the threshold power consumption, then, at block  140 , the power limiting logic  66  supplies power to the LED rows based on decreased power values. That is, the power limiting logic  66  and/or the backlight control system  21  may scale down the power supplied to all of the LEDs  18  so that the power consumed by the LEDs  18  does not exceed the threshold power consumption. In some embodiments, the power limiting logic  66  may generate a power scaling factor  124  that, when applied by the backlight control system  21  to the power supplied to all of the LEDs  18 , the power consumed by the LEDs  18  does not exceed the threshold power consumption. In additional or alternative embodiments, the power limiting logic  66  may determine an amount of power by which to decrease the power supplied to all LEDs  18 , and decrease the power supplied to all LEDs  18  by that same determined amount so that the power consumed by the LEDs  18  does not exceed the threshold power consumption. As such, the current LED row may emit a brightness that is less than the target brightness (since it is supplied less power than that corresponding to the estimated power consumption), and the other LED rows may consume less power than the stored power consumption values  122  (since they are supplied less power than that corresponding to the stored power consumption values  122 ). 
     If the sum of the power consumptions is not greater than the threshold power consumption, then, at block  142 , the backlight control system  21  supplies the power to the current LED row based on the target brightness. As such, the current LED row may consume approximately the estimated power consumption  120 , while the other LED rows may consume the stored power compensation values  122 , as the sum of these power compensation values does not exceed the threshold power consumption. In this manner, the method  130  may properly maintain power delivery and reduce or avoid a likelihood of a voltage drop. 
       FIG.  13    is a block diagram of the adaptive headroom logic  68  of the backlight control system  21  of  FIG.  8    in operation, according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The adaptive headroom logic  68  determines a reduced or minimum voltage (“V LED ”) to supply to an LED  18  based on a current (“I LEA ”) to supply to the LED  18  to cause the LED  18  to operate. In particular, the backlight control system  21  may receive an indication  150  of the current  152  to supply to the LED  18  and transmit the current  152  to the LED  18  to cause the LED  18  to emit a desired brightness based on, for example, image content and/or a display brightness setting. 
     To cause the LED  18  to be operable, a voltage may be supplied to the LED  18  that is greater than a threshold voltage. The threshold voltage may vary with the supplied current  152 , such that the greater the supplied current  152 , the greater the threshold voltage, and vice versa. As such, one way to ensure that all LEDs  18  of the backlight  17  are operable is to supply a relatively high voltage to all LEDs  18  (e.g., that is greater than the highest possible threshold voltage corresponding to the highest supplied current) to ensure that the supplied voltage for each LED  18  is greater than the variable threshold voltage level for that LED  18 . However, supplying the relatively high voltage to all LEDs  18  may be inefficient, as it is rare that each LED  18  is being supplied the highest current to drive up the threshold voltage to its maximum value. Instead, the adaptive headroom logic  68  may dynamically determine a reduced voltage  154  (e.g., a minimum voltage) based on the current  152  to supply to the LED  18  to cause the LED  18  to become operable. Accordingly, each LED  18  may be supplied with a dynamically determined, different (e.g., non-uniform) voltage that enables conserving power when operating the backlight  17 . 
     With the foregoing in mind,  FIG.  14    is a flowchart of a method  160  for determining a reduced voltage to supply to an LED  18  based on the current  152  to supply to the LED  18  to cause the LED  18  to operate, according to embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that, although depicted in a particular order, the blocks of the method  160  may be performed in any suitable order, and at least some blocks may be skipped altogether. As described herein, the method  160  is described as performed by the adaptive headroom logic  68  and the backlight control system  21 , however, it should be understood that any suitable processing and/or control circuitry may perform some or all of the operations of the method  160 , such as the processor  60  and/or the processor core complex  12 , based on executing instructions stored in a memory device, such as the memory device  62  and/or the memory device  13 . 
     At block  162 , the adaptive headroom logic  68  receives or determines the current  152  to supply to an LED  18 . In particular, the backlight control system  21  may receive an indication  150  of the current  152  to supply to the LED  18  and transmit the current  152  to the LED  18  to cause the LED  18  to emit a desired brightness based on, for example, image content and/or a display brightness setting. The adaptive headroom logic  68  may receive or determine the current  152  based on the indication  150 . 
     At block  164 , the adaptive headroom logic  68  determines the reduced voltage  154  to supply to the LED  18  based on the current  152 . That is, the adaptive headroom logic  68  may dynamically determine a reduced voltage  154  (e.g., a minimum voltage) based on the current  152  to supply to the LED  18  to cause the LED  18  to become operable. In some embodiments, the reduced voltage  154  may be calibrated, measured, or determined during manufacturing of the electronic device  10  (e.g., by determining the lowest voltage that operates the LED  18  with the supplied current  152 ). In additional or alternative embodiments, the reduced voltage  154  may be interpolated (e.g., based on calibrated data points or an interpolation curve generated using calibration data). 
     At block  166 , the backlight control system  21  supplies the current  152  and the reduced voltage  154  to the LED  18 . In this manner, the method  160  may conserve power when operating the backlight  17 . 
       FIG.  15    is a block diagram of the backlight interrupt logic  70  of the backlight control system  21  of  FIG.  8    in operation, according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The backlight interrupt logic  70  staggers updates to the backlight  17  in a synchronous manner with respect updating pixel values of the LCD panel  16  by sending an interrupt  180  to the backlight controller  20  of the backlight  17  to block updates to one or more LED rows of the backlight  17  (e.g., corresponding to displaying a new image frame) while image content of the new image frame is written to pixels of the display panel  16 . Once the image content has been written to the pixels, and the pixels have settled, then the backlight interrupt logic  70  may cancel the interrupt  180 . The backlight controller  20  may then resume updating the backlight  17 . That is, the interrupt  180  may be applied to blocking updates to a portion of the backlight  17  (e.g., one or more LEDs  18 ) corresponding to image content being written to corresponding pixels (e.g., a pixel row, a zone of pixels) of the panel  16 , instead of blocking updates to the entire backlight  17 . In this manner, the backlight interrupt logic  70  may prevent the backlight  17  from changing while image content is written to the display panel  16 , thus reducing image artifacts on the display  15 . 
     With the foregoing in mind,  FIG.  16    is a flowchart of a method  190  staggering updates to the backlight  17 , according to embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that, although depicted in a particular order, the blocks of the method  190  may be performed in any suitable order, and at least some blocks may be skipped altogether. As described herein, the method  190  is described as performed by the backlight interrupt logic  70 , however, it should be understood that any suitable processing and/or control circuitry may perform some or all of the operations of the method  190 , such as the processor  60  and/or the processor core complex  12 , based on executing instructions stored in a memory device, such as the memory device  62  and/or the memory device  13 . 
     At block  192 , the backlight interrupt logic  70  receives an indication that image data is to be written to a row of pixels of the panel  16 . For example, the backlight control system  21  may receive the image data corresponding to a frame of image data to be displayed using the row of pixels, and send the indication of the image data to the backlight interrupt logic  70 . 
     At block  194 , the backlight interrupt logic  70  sends an interrupt  180  to stop updates to LEDs  18  corresponding to the row of pixels. In particular, the interrupt  180  may stop updates (e.g., new brightness control signals or instructions) for those LEDs  18  that provide backlighting for the LEDs  18 . At block  196 , the backlight interrupt logic  70  write the image data to the row of pixels. Because the brightnesses of the LEDs  18  are maintained, image artifacts resulting from updating the LEDs  18  while image data is written in the pixels may be reduced. 
     At block  198 , the backlight interrupt logic  70  determine whether the row of pixels has settled. That is, while or soon after image data is written into a pixel, the voltage of a pixel may vary prior to settling. During this voltage variation, the image data displayed by the pixel may also vary. Eventually, the voltage of the pixel may settle to a relatively constant value (e.g., the voltage value remains the same or is within a threshold range of the voltage value for a threshold duration of time). The backlight interrupt logic  70  may determine that the row of pixels has settled based on receiving constant voltage values from the row of pixels via, for example, one or more voltage sensors coupled to the row of pixels. 
     If not, the backlight interrupt logic  70  determines that the row of pixels has not settled, then the block  198  may be repeated. Once the backlight interrupt logic  70  determines that the row of pixels has settled, then, at block  200 , the backlight interrupt logic  70  cancels the interrupt  180 . For example, the backlight interrupt logic  70  may send a cancellation signal to the backlight controller  20  to unblock updates to the LEDs  18  corresponding to the row of pixels. As such, the backlight controller  20  may resume updating the LEDs  18 . In this manner, the method  190  may prevent the backlight  17  from changing while image content is written to the display panel  16 , thus reducing image artifacts on the display  15 . While the method  190  is described as applied to a row of pixels of the panel  16  and sending the interrupt to corresponding LEDs  18 , it should be understood that the method  190  may be applied to any number or configuration of pixels, such as one pixel of the panel  16 , a zone or array of pixels, or all pixels of the panel  16 . 
       FIG.  17    is a block diagram of the aging compensation logic  72  of the backlight control system  21  of  FIG.  8    in operation, according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The aging compensation logic  72  compensates for aging of and temperature at an LED  18 . In particular, the aging compensation logic  72  may determine or receive the temperature  88  at the LED  18  over time. In some embodiments, the temperature  88  may be measured using a temperature sensor at the LED  18  or estimated based on current at the LED  18 . In additional or alternative embodiments, the temperature  88  may be calculated using a temperature grid or table. 
     As an illustrative example,  FIG.  18    is a schematic diagram of a temperature grid  230  disposed over the panel  16 , according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The grid  230  may split the panel  16  into multiple tiles  232 . Each tile  232  may be defined by four grid points  234 , and have a temperature point  236  disposed in the center of the tile  232 . Temperature points  236  may also be disposed along the edges  238  of the display panel  16  between grid points  234 , as well as at corners  240  of the panel  16 . The temperature points  236  may be locations at which temperature is sensed (e.g., via a temperature sensor) or estimated (e.g., based on calibration performed during manufacturing of the electronic device  10  and/or nearby components at the corresponding tile  232 ). As illustrated, the temperature points  236  may be non-uniformly spaced across the panel  16  to enable finer resolution at various positions (e.g., that may be subject to more temperature fluctuation or variation due to nearby components or circuitry). 
     Because an LED  18  may not be located at a temperature point  236 , the aging compensation logic  72  may determine the temperature points  236  that surround the LED  18 , and interpolate the temperature  88  at the LED  18  based on the surrounding temperature points  236 . As an illustrative example,  FIG.  19    is a schematic diagram of an LED  18  that is surrounded by temperature points  236 , according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The temperature  88  of the LED  18  may be interpolated based on its distance from the temperature points  236 . The aging compensation logic  72  may generate a temperature compensation factor  212  based on the temperature of the LED  18 . In some embodiments, the temperature compensation factor  212  may be expressed as a calibrated parameter taken to the power of the quotient of the difference between a reference temperature and the temperature  88  of the LED  18  divided by a constant value. It should be understood that determining the temperature for the LED  18  in this manner may be applied to any of the other logics or methods described herein, including the sloping logic  64  and/or the method  100 . 
     The aging compensation logic  72  may also determine or receive current  210  at the LED  18  over time. The current  210  may be measured using a current sensor at the LED  18  or estimated based on current supplied to the LED  18 . The aging compensation logic  72  may generate a current compensation factor  214  based on the current at the LED  18 . In some embodiments, the current compensation factor may be expressed as the quotient of the current  210  at the LED  18  divided by a reference current, taken to the power of a parameter. The current  210  at the LED  18  may already have had a prior compensation factor applied to it by the aging compensation logic  72 . 
     The aging compensation logic  72  may combine the temperature compensation factor  212  and the current compensation factor  214  to determine a present compensation factor  216 . In some embodiments, the present compensation factor  216  may include a product of the temperature compensation factor  212  and the current compensation factor  214 . For example, the aging compensation logic  72  may generate the present compensation factor  216  by multiplying an emission duty cycle of the LED  18  by the temperature compensation factor  212  and the current compensation factor  214 . 
     The aging compensation logic  72  may then store the present compensation factor  216  in a memory device, such as the memory device  62 , along with other, previously-generated compensation factors  218 . The aging compensation logic  72  may generate a compensation factor  220  to be applied to a current supplied to the LED  18  based on the present compensation factor  216  and the previous compensation factors  218 . For example, the compensation factor  220  may be an average of the present compensation factor  216  and the previous compensation factors  218 . In some embodiments, the aging compensation logic  72  may apply weights to the present compensation factor  216  and the previous compensation factors  218 , and generate the compensation factor  220  based on the weighted compensation factors  216 ,  218 . For example, a greater weight may be applied to the present compensation factor  216  and/or more recent previous compensation factors  218  as opposed to older previous compensation factors  218 . In this manner, the aging compensation logic  72  may avoid or reduce display abnormalities, such as “burn-in” effects, resulting in better display quality. 
     With the foregoing in mind,  FIG.  20    is a flowchart of a method  250  for compensating for aging of and temperature at an LED  18 , according to embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that, although depicted in a particular order, the blocks of the method  250  may be performed in any suitable order, and at least some blocks may be skipped altogether. As described herein, the method  250  is described as performed by the aging compensation logic  72  and the backlight control system  21 , however, it should be understood that any suitable processing and/or control circuitry may perform some or all of the operations of the method  250 , such as the processor  60  and/or the processor core complex  12 , based on executing instructions stored in a memory device, such as the memory device  62  and/or the memory device  13 . 
     At block  252 , the aging compensation logic  72  receives or determines the temperature  88  at the LED  18 . In some embodiments, the temperature  88  may be measured using a temperature sensor at the LED  18  or estimated based on current at the LED  18 . In additional or alternative embodiments, the temperature  88  may be calculated using a temperature grid or table. The aging compensation logic  72  may generate a temperature compensation factor  212  based on the temperature of the LED  18 . In some embodiments, the temperature compensation factor  212  may be expressed as a calibrated parameter taken to the power of the quotient of the difference between a reference temperature and the temperature  88  of the LED  18  divided by a constant value. 
     At block  254 , the aging compensation logic  72  receives or determines the current  210  at the LED  18 . The current  210  may be measured using a current sensor at the LED  18  or estimated based on current supplied to the LED  18 . The aging compensation logic  72  may generate a current compensation factor  214  based on the current at the LED  18 . In some embodiments, the current compensation factor may be expressed as the quotient of the current  210  at the LED  18  divided by a reference current, taken to the power of a parameter. 
     At block  256 , the aging compensation logic  72  generates a present compensation factor  216  based on the temperature  88  and the current  210 . In particular, the aging compensation logic  72  may combine the temperature compensation factor  212  and the current compensation factor  214  to generate the present compensation factor  216 . In some embodiments, the present compensation factor  216  may include a product of the temperature compensation factor  212  and the current compensation factor  214 . For example, the aging compensation logic  72  may generate the present compensation factor  216  by multiplying an emission duty cycle of the LED  18  by the temperature compensation factor  212  and the current compensation factor  214 . 
     At block  258 , the aging compensation logic  72  stores the present compensation factor  216  in a memory device, such as the memory device  62 . At block  260 , the aging compensation logic  72  receives previously-generated compensation factors  218  from the memory device. 
     At block  262 , the aging compensation logic  72  generates a compensation factor  220  to be applied to a current supplied to the LED  18  based on the present compensation factor  216  and the previous compensation factors  218 . For example, the aging compensation logic  72  may average the present compensation factor  216  and the previous compensation factors  218  to generate the compensation factor  220 . In some embodiments, the aging compensation logic  72  may apply weights to the present compensation factor  216  and the previous compensation factors  218 , and generate the compensation factor  220  based on the weighted compensation factors  216 ,  218 . 
     At block  264 , the backlight control system  21  supplies current to the LED  18  based on the compensation factor  220 . In particular, the backlight control system  21  may apply the compensation factor  220  to the current (e.g., by multiplying the current by the compensation factor  220 ), and supply that current to the LED  18 . In this manner, the method  250  may avoid or reduce display abnormalities, such as “burn-in” effects, resulting in better display quality. 
     It should be understood that any or all of the disclosed logic and/or methods may be combined together. That is, the electronic device  10  may include any combination of the sloping logic  64 , the power limiting logic  66 , the adaptive headroom logic  68 , the backlight interrupt logic  70 , and the aging compensation logic  72 . Moreover, the electronic device  10  may perform any combination of the methods  100 ,  130 ,  160 ,  190 , and  250 . 
     The specific embodiments described above have been shown by way of example, and it should be understood that these embodiments may be susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms. It should be further understood that the claims are not intended to be limited to the particular forms disclosed, but rather to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. 
     The techniques presented and claimed herein are referenced and applied to material objects and concrete examples of a practical nature that demonstrably improve the present technical field and, as such, are not abstract, intangible or purely theoretical. Further, if any claims appended to the end of this specification contain one or more elements designated as “means for [perform]ing [a function] . . . ” or “step for [perform]ing [a function] . . . ”, it is intended that such elements are to be interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f). However, for any claims containing elements designated in any other manner, it is intended that such elements are not to be interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f).

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20210624
Publication Date: 20240423
Grant Date: 20240423
Priority Date: 20200914
Inventors: CHAPPALLI, MAHESH B.
MENACHEM, Assaf
DAR, Daniel Yechiel
SOFFAIR, Ido Yaacov
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G09G2320/0247", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/0233", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/3426", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/36", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/0233", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/0247", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/041", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/043", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/046", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/0653", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2330/021", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/2092", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/3426", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/3426", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/3426", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G5/003", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/041", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/043", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/046", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/0653", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2330/021", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2360/16", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/2092", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G5/003", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2330/021", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/041", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/043", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/046", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/0653", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2360/16", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/36", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/041", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/0247", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/046", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/0233", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/043", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2330/021", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/0653", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 80626973