PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-10416800-B2
Application Number: US-201615009668-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Devices, methods, and graphical user interfaces for adjusting user interface objects

Abstract:
An electronic device displays a user interface that includes one or more user interface elements. The device detects a contact on a touch-sensitive surface. The device detects a first increase in a characteristic intensity of the contact. In response to detecting the first increase, the device adjusts a property of a first user interface element from a first value to a second value. After adjusting the property, the device detects a decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact. In response to detecting the decrease, in accordance with a determination that the first increase met intensity criteria, the device maintains the property above the first value. After detecting the decrease, the device detects a second increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact. In response to detecting the second increase, the device adjusts the property to a third value that is greater than the second value.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions which, when executed by an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, cause the electronic device to:
 display, on the display, a user interface that includes one or more user interface elements; 
 detect a contact on the touch-sensitive surface; and, 
 while detecting the contact on the touch-sensitive surface:
 detect a first increase in a characteristic intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface; 
 in response to detecting the first increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact, adjusting a property of a first user interface element of the one or more user interface elements in the user interface from a first value to a second value that is greater than the first value; 
 after adjusting the property of the first user interface element, detect a first decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact; 
 in response to detecting the first decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact:
 in accordance with a determination that the first increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact met intensity criteria, wherein the intensity criteria include a criterion that is met when the characteristic intensity exceeds a first threshold intensity value, maintain the property of the first user interface element above the first value; and, 
 in accordance with a determination that the first increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact did not exceed the first threshold intensity value, return the property of the first user interface element to the first value; 
 
 after detecting the decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact and while the property of the first user interface element is above the first value, detect a second increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact; and, 
 
 in response to detecting the second increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact, adjust the property of the first user interface element to a third value that is greater than the second value. 
 
     
     
       2. The computer readable storage medium of  claim 1 , including instructions which, when executed by the electronic device, cause the electronic device to, after increasing the property of the first user interface element to the third value, detect liftoff of the contact and maintain the property of the first user interface element above the second value. 
     
     
       3. The computer readable storage medium of  claim 1 , including instructions which, when executed by the electronic device, cause the electronic device to, after increasing the property of the first user interface element to the third value, detect liftoff of the contact and return the property of the first user interface element to the first value. 
     
     
       4. The computer readable storage medium of  claim 1 , wherein returning the property of the first user interface element to the first value includes a first portion showing a decrease of the property of the first user interface element from the second value to a fourth value, followed by a second portion showing an increase from the fourth value to the first value. 
     
     
       5. The computer readable storage medium of  claim 1 , wherein adjusting the property of the first user interface element from the first value to the second value includes a first portion showing an increase of the property of the first user interface element from the first value to a fifth value, followed by a second portion showing a decrease from the fifth value to the second value. 
     
     
       6. The computer readable storage medium of  claim 1 , wherein maintaining the property of the first user interface element above the first value in response to detecting the first decrease in intensity of the contact includes reducing the property of the first user interface element below the second value. 
     
     
       7. The computer readable storage medium of  claim 1 , including instructions which, when executed by the electronic device, cause the electronic device to dynamically adjust the appearance of the first user interface element based on detected changes in the characteristic intensity of the contact. 
     
     
       8. The computer readable storage medium of  claim 1 , wherein the intensity criteria include a requirement that the characteristic intensity of the contact increases at or above a threshold rate during the first increase in the characteristic intensity. 
     
     
       9. An electronic device, comprising:
 a display; 
 a touch-sensitive surface; 
 one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface; 
 one or more processors; 
 memory; and 
 one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for:
 displaying, on the display, a user interface that includes one or more user interface elements; 
 detecting a contact on the touch-sensitive surface; and, 
 while detecting the contact on the touch-sensitive surface:
 detecting a first increase in a characteristic intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface; 
 in response to detecting the first increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact, adjusting a property of a first user interface element of the one or more user interface elements in the user interface from a first value to a second value that is greater than the first value; 
 after adjusting the property of the first user interface element, detecting a first decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact; 
 in response to detecting the first decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact:
 in accordance with a determination that the first increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact met intensity criteria, wherein the intensity criteria include a criterion that is met when the characteristic intensity exceeds a first threshold intensity value, maintaining the property of the first user interface element above the first value; and, 
 in accordance with a determination that the first increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact did not exceed the first threshold intensity value, returning the property of the first user interface element to the first value; 
 
 after detecting the decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact and while the property of the first user interface element is above the first value, detecting a second increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact; and, 
 in response to detecting the second increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact, adjusting the property of the first user interface element to a third value that is greater than the second value. 
 
 
 
     
     
       10. The device of  claim 9 , including instructions for, after increasing the property of the first user interface element to the third value, detecting liftoff of the contact and maintaining the property of the first user interface element above the second value. 
     
     
       11. The device of  claim 9 , including instructions for, after increasing the property of the first user interface element to the third value, detecting liftoff of the contact and returning the property of the first user interface element to the first value. 
     
     
       12. The device of  claim 9 , wherein returning the property of the first user interface element to the first value includes a first portion showing a decrease of the property of the first user interface element from the second value to a fourth value, followed by a second portion showing an increase from the fourth value to the first value. 
     
     
       13. The device of  claim 9 , wherein adjusting the property of the first user interface element from the first value to the second value includes a first portion showing an increase of the property of the first user interface element from the first value to a fifth value, followed by a second portion showing a decrease from the fifth value to the second value. 
     
     
       14. The device of  claim 9 , wherein maintaining the property of the first user interface element above the first value in response to detecting the first decrease in intensity of the contact includes reducing the property of the first user interface element below the second value. 
     
     
       15. The device of  claim 9 , including instructions for dynamically adjusting the appearance of the first user interface element based on detected changes in the characteristic intensity of the contact. 
     
     
       16. The device of  claim 9 , wherein the intensity criteria include a requirement that the characteristic intensity of the contact increases at or above a threshold rate during the first increase in the characteristic intensity. 
     
     
       17. A method, comprising:
 at an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface:
 displaying, on the display, a user interface that includes one or more user interface elements; 
 detecting a series of contacts on the touch-sensitive surface; and, 
 for each contact of the series of contacts, while detecting the contact on the touch-sensitive surface:
 detecting a first increase in a characteristic intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface; 
 in response to detecting the first increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact, adjusting a property of a first user interface element of the one or more user interface elements in the user interface from a first value to a second value that is greater than the first value; 
 after adjusting the property of the first user interface element, detecting a first decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact; 
 in response to detecting the first decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact:
 in accordance with a determination that the first increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact met intensity criteria, wherein the intensity criteria include a criterion that is met when the characteristic intensity exceeds a first threshold intensity value, maintaining the property of the first user interface element above the first value; and, 
 in accordance with a determination that the first increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact did not exceed the first threshold intensity value, returning the property of the first user interface element to the first value; 
 
 after detecting the first decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact and while the property of the first user interface element is above the first value, detecting a second increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact; and, 
 in response to detecting the second increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact, adjusting the property of the first user interface element to a third value that is greater than the second value; 
 
 wherein the series of contacts includes:
 a first contact, wherein the first increase in the characteristic intensity of the first contact exceeds the first threshold intensity value; and 
 a second contact, wherein the first increase in the characteristic intensity of the second contact does not exceed the first threshold intensity value. 
 
 
 
     
     
       18. The method of  claim 17 , including, for each contact in the series of contacts, after increasing the property of the first user interface element to the third value, detecting liftoff of the contact and maintaining the property of the first user interface element. 
     
     
       19. The method of  claim 17 , including, for each contact in the series of contacts, after increasing the property of the first user interface element to the third value, detecting liftoff of the contact and returning the property of the first user interface element to the first value. 
     
     
       20. The method of  claim 17 , wherein returning the property of the first user interface element to the first value includes a first portion showing a decrease of the property of the first user interface element from the second value to a fourth value, followed by a second portion showing an increase from the fourth value to the first value. 
     
     
       21. The method of  claim 17 , wherein adjusting the property of the first user interface element from the first value to the second value includes a first portion showing an increase of the property of the first user interface element from the first value to a fifth value, followed by a second portion showing a decrease from the fifth value to the second value. 
     
     
       22. The method of  claim 17 , wherein maintaining the property of the first user interface element above the first value in response to detecting the first decrease in intensity of the contact includes reducing the property of the first user interface element below the second value. 
     
     
       23. The method of  claim 17 , including, for each contact in the series of contacts, dynamically adjusting the appearance of the first user interface element based on detected changes in the characteristic intensity of the contact. 
     
     
       24. The method of  claim 17 , wherein the intensity criteria include a requirement that the characteristic intensity of the contact increases at or above a threshold rate during the first increase in the characteristic intensity.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority to: (1) U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/235,339, filed Sep. 30, 2015, entitled “Devices, Methods, and Graphical User Interfaces for Adjusting User Interface Objects”; and (2) U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/203,387, filed Aug. 10, 2015, entitled “Devices, Methods, and Graphical User Interfaces for Manipulating User Interface Objects with Visual and/or Haptic Feedback,” both of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This relates generally to electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces, including but not limited to electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces that detect inputs for adjusting user interface objects. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The use of touch-sensitive surfaces as input devices for computers and other electronic computing devices has increased significantly in recent years. Exemplary touch-sensitive surfaces include touchpads and touch-screen displays. Such surfaces are widely used to manipulate user interface objects on a display. 
     Exemplary manipulations include adjusting the position and/or size of one or more user interface objects. Exemplary user interface objects include control elements such as buttons, sliders, and other graphics; digital images; video; text; and icons. A user will, in some circumstances, need to perform such manipulations on user interface objects in a digital content (e.g., videos and music) management application (e.g., iTunes from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), an image management application (e.g., Aperture, iPhoto, Photos from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), a document reader application (e.g., iBooks from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), or a communications management application (e.g., a messaging, e-mail, or telephone application). 
     But existing methods for performing these manipulations are cumbersome and inefficient. For example, using a sequence of mouse based inputs to select one or more user interface objects and perform one or more actions on the selected user interface objects is tedious and creates a significant cognitive burden on a user. In addition, these methods take longer than necessary, thereby wasting energy. This latter consideration is particularly important in battery-operated devices. 
     SUMMARY 
     Accordingly, there is a need for electronic devices with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for adjusting properties of displayed user interface elements. Such methods and interfaces optionally complement or replace conventional methods for adjusting properties of displayed user interface elements. Such methods and interfaces reduce the number, extent, and/or nature of the inputs from a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges. 
     Additionally, there is a need for electronic devices with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for adjusting a property of a user interface object. 
     The above deficiencies and other problems associated with user interfaces for electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces are reduced or eliminated by the disclosed devices. In some embodiments, the device is a desktop computer. In some embodiments, the device is portable (e.g., a notebook computer, tablet computer, or handheld device). In some embodiments, the device is a personal electronic device (e.g., a wearable electronic device, such as a watch). In some embodiments, the device has a touchpad. In some embodiments, the device has a touch-sensitive display (also known as a “touch screen” or “touch-screen display”). In some embodiments, the device has a graphical user interface (GUI), one or more processors, memory and one or more modules, programs or sets of instructions stored in the memory for performing multiple functions. In some embodiments, the user interacts with the GUI primarily through stylus and/or finger contacts and gestures on the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the functions optionally include image editing, drawing, presenting, word processing, spreadsheet making, game playing, telephoning, video conferencing, e-mailing, instant messaging, workout support, digital photographing, digital videoing, web browsing, digital music playing, note taking, and/or digital video playing. Executable instructions for performing these functions are, optionally, included in a non-transitory computer readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: displaying, on the display, a user interface that includes: a slider that corresponds to a first range of values, and one or more other user interface objects; detecting a contact on the touch-sensitive surface while a focus selector is at the slider; detecting a first increase in a characteristic intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface while the focus selector is at the slider; and, in response to detecting the first increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface and in accordance with a determination that the characteristic intensity of the contact meets intensity criteria: displaying an expanded portion, less than all, of the slider while maintaining an appearance of the one or more other user interface objects. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: displaying, on the display, a user interface that includes one or more user interface elements; detecting a contact on the touch-sensitive surface; and, while detecting the contact on the touch-sensitive surface: detecting a first increase in a characteristic intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface; in response to detecting the first increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact, adjusting a property of a first user interface element of the one or more user interface elements in the user interface from a first value to a second value; after adjusting the property of the first user interface element, detecting a first decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact; in response to detecting the first decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact, in accordance with a determination that the first increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact met intensity criteria, maintaining the property of the first user interface element above the first value; after detecting the decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact and while the property of the first user interface element is above the first value, detecting a second increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact; and, in response to detecting the second increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact, adjusting the property of the first user interface element to a third value that is greater than the second value. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display a user interface, a touch-sensitive surface unit to receive contacts, one or more sensor units to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit; and a processing unit coupled with the display unit, the touch-sensitive surface unit, and the one or more sensor units. The processing unit is configured to: enable display, on the display unit, of a user interface that includes: a slider that corresponds to a first range of values, and one or more other user interface objects; detect a contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit while a focus selector is at the slider; detect a first increase in a characteristic intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit while the focus selector is at the slider; and, in response to detecting the first increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit and in accordance with a determination that the characteristic intensity of the contact meets intensity criteria: enable display of an expanded portion, less than all, of the slider while maintaining an appearance of the one or more other user interface objects. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display a user interface, a touch-sensitive surface unit to receive contacts, one or more sensor units to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit; and a processing unit coupled with the display unit, the touch-sensitive surface unit, and the one or more sensor units. The processing unit is configured to: enable display, on the display unit, of a user interface that includes one or more user interface elements; detect a contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit; and, while detecting the contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit: detect a first increase in a characteristic intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit; in response to detecting the first increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact, adjust a property of a first user interface element of the one or more user interface elements in the user interface from a first value to a second value; after adjusting the property of the first user interface element, detect a first decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact; in response to detecting the first decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact, in accordance with a determination that the first increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact met intensity criteria, maintain the property of the first user interface element above the first value; after detecting the decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact and while the property of the first user interface element is above the first value, detect a second increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact; and, in response to detecting the second increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact, adjust the property of the first user interface element to a third value that is greater than the second value. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display, a touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, one or more processors, memory, and one or more programs; the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors and the one or more programs include instructions for performing or causing performance of the operations of any of the methods described herein. In accordance with some embodiments, a computer readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, or alternatively, a transitory computer readable storage medium) has stored therein instructions which when executed by an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, cause the device to perform or cause performance of the operations of any of the methods described herein. In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface on an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, a memory, and one or more processors to execute one or more programs stored in the memory includes one or more of the elements displayed in any of the methods described herein, which are updated in response to inputs, as described in any of the methods described herein. In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes: a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface; and means for performing or causing performance of the operations of any of the methods described herein. In accordance with some embodiments, an information processing apparatus, for use in an electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface, and optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, includes means for performing or causing performance of the operations of any of the methods described herein. 
     Thus, electronic devices with displays, touch-sensitive surfaces and optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface are provided with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for adjusting properties of displayed user interface elements, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for adjusting properties of displayed user interface elements. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a better understanding of the various described embodiments, reference should be made to the Description of Embodiments below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures. 
         FIG. 1A  is a block diagram illustrating a portable multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 1B  is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a portable multifunction device having a touch screen in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 4A  illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu of applications on a portable multifunction device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 4B  illustrates an exemplary user interface for a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 4C-4E  illustrate exemplary dynamic intensity thresholds in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 5A-5I  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for displaying an expanded portion of a slider in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 6A-6S  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for adjusting a property of a user interface element in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 7A-7D  are flow diagrams illustrating a method of displaying an expanded portion of a slider in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 8A-8D  are flow diagrams illustrating a method of adjusting a property of a user interface element in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 9-10  are functional block diagrams of an electronic device in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     Users frequently seek to adjust properties of user interface elements such as images, control elements (such as buttons, sliders, and other graphics), video, text, and icons. Some conventional methods for adjusting properties such as height, width, area, and time interval require a user to provide input with multiple sequential or simultaneous components. For example, to enlarge an image, a user selects an edge of an image and drags the edge in a desired direction, or a user provides a gesture input using multiple points of contact. Many user interface elements are not individually adjustable. 
     Here, new methods are disclosed that streamline processes for adjusting properties of user interface elements by responding to changes in a characteristic intensity of a contact. The methods, devices and GUIs described herein provide visual and/or haptic feedback that makes manipulation of user interface objects more efficient and intuitive for a user. 
     Below,  FIGS. 1A-1B, 2, and 3  provide a description of exemplary devices.  FIGS. 4A-4B, 5A-5I, and 6A-6S  illustrate exemplary user interfaces.  FIGS. 5A-5I  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for displaying an expanded portion of a slider.  FIG. 6A-6S  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for adjusting a property of a user interface element.  FIGS. 7A-7D  illustrate a flow diagram of a method of displaying an expanded portion of a slider.  FIGS. 8A-8D  illustrate a flow diagram of a method of adjusting a property of a user interface element. The user interfaces in  FIGS. 5A-5I and 6A-6S  are used to illustrate the processes in  FIGS. 7A-7D and 8A-8D . 
     Exemplary Devices 
     Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the various described embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments. 
     It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. are, in some instances, used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first contact could be termed a second contact, and, similarly, a second contact could be termed a first contact, without departing from the scope of the various described embodiments. The first contact and the second contact are both contacts, but they are not the same contact, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. 
     The terminology used in the description of the various described embodiments herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various described embodiments and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     As used herein, the term “if” is, optionally, construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” is, optionally, construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event],” depending on the context. 
     Embodiments of electronic devices, user interfaces for such devices, and associated processes for using such devices are described. In some embodiments, the device is a portable communications device, such as a mobile telephone, that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/or music player functions. Exemplary embodiments of portable multifunction devices include, without limitation, the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. Other portable electronic devices, such as laptops or tablet computers with touch-sensitive surfaces (e.g., touch-screen displays and/or touchpads), are, optionally, used. It should also be understood that, in some embodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but is a desktop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch-screen display and/or a touchpad). 
     In the discussion that follows, an electronic device that includes a display and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should be understood, however, that the electronic device optionally includes one or more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physical keyboard, a mouse and/or a joystick. 
     The device typically supports a variety of applications, such as one or more of the following: a note taking application, a drawing application, a presentation application, a word processing application, a website creation application, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheet application, a gaming application, a telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, a workout support application, a photo management application, a digital camera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing application, a digital music player application, a document reader application, and/or a digital video player application. 
     The various applications that are executed on the device optionally use at least one common physical user-interface device, such as the touch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitive surface as well as corresponding information displayed on the device are, optionally, adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physical architecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the device optionally supports the variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and transparent to the user. 
     Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable devices with touch-sensitive displays.  FIG. 1A  is a block diagram illustrating portable multifunction device  100  with touch-sensitive display system  112  in accordance with some embodiments. Touch-sensitive display system  112  is sometimes called a “touch screen” for convenience, and is sometimes simply called a touch-sensitive display. Device  100  includes memory  102  (which optionally includes one or more computer readable storage mediums), memory controller  122 , one or more processing units (CPUs)  120 , peripherals interface  118 , RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , input/output (I/O) subsystem  106 , other input or control devices  116 , and external port  124 . Device  100  optionally includes one or more optical sensors  164 . Device  100  optionally includes one or more intensity sensors  165  for detecting intensity of contacts on device  100  (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive display system  112  of device  100 ). Device  100  optionally includes one or more tactile output generators  167  for generating tactile outputs on device  100  (e.g., generating tactile outputs on a touch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive display system  112  of device  100  or touchpad  355  of device  300 ). These components optionally communicate over one or more communication buses or signal lines  103 . 
     As used in the specification and claims, the term “tactile output” refers to physical displacement of a device relative to a previous position of the device, physical displacement of a component (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface) of a device relative to another component (e.g., housing) of the device, or displacement of the component relative to a center of mass of the device that will be detected by a user with the user&#39;s sense of touch. For example, in situations where the device or the component of the device is in contact with a surface of a user that is sensitive to touch (e.g., a finger, palm, or other part of a user&#39;s hand), the tactile output generated by the physical displacement will be interpreted by the user as a tactile sensation corresponding to a perceived change in physical characteristics of the device or the component of the device. For example, movement of a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch-sensitive display or trackpad) is, optionally, interpreted by the user as a “down click” or “up click” of a physical actuator button. In some cases, a user will feel a tactile sensation such as an “down click” or “up click” even when there is no movement of a physical actuator button associated with the touch-sensitive surface that is physically pressed (e.g., displaced) by the user&#39;s movements. As another example, movement of the touch-sensitive surface is, optionally, interpreted or sensed by the user as “roughness” of the touch-sensitive surface, even when there is no change in smoothness of the touch-sensitive surface. While such interpretations of touch by a user will be subject to the individualized sensory perceptions of the user, there are many sensory perceptions of touch that are common to a large majority of users. Thus, when a tactile output is described as corresponding to a particular sensory perception of a user (e.g., an “up click,” a “down click,” “roughness”), unless otherwise stated, the generated tactile output corresponds to physical displacement of the device or a component thereof that will generate the described sensory perception for a typical (or average) user. 
     It should be appreciated that device  100  is only one example of a portable multifunction device, and that device  100  optionally has more or fewer components than shown, optionally combines two or more components, or optionally has a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown in  FIG. 1A  are implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof, including one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits. 
     Memory  102  optionally includes high-speed random access memory and optionally also includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Access to memory  102  by other components of device  100 , such as CPU(s)  120  and the peripherals interface  118 , is, optionally, controlled by memory controller  122 . 
     Peripherals interface  118  can be used to couple input and output peripherals of the device to CPU(s)  120  and memory  102 . The one or more processors  120  run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in memory  102  to perform various functions for device  100  and to process data. 
     In some embodiments, peripherals interface  118 , CPU(s)  120 , and memory controller  122  are, optionally, implemented on a single chip, such as chip  104 . In some other embodiments, they are, optionally, implemented on separate chips. 
     RF (radio frequency) circuitry  108  receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  108  converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  108  optionally includes well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RF circuitry  108  optionally communicates with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), Evolution, Data-Only (EV-DO), HSPA, HSPA+, Dual-Cell HSPA (DC-HSPDA), long term evolution (LTE), near field communication (NFC), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11ac, IEEE 802.11ax, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document. 
     Audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , and microphone  113  provide an audio interface between a user and device  100 . Audio circuitry  110  receives audio data from peripherals interface  118 , converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to speaker  111 . Speaker  111  converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves. Audio circuitry  110  also receives electrical signals converted by microphone  113  from sound waves. Audio circuitry  110  converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to peripherals interface  118  for processing. Audio data is, optionally, retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory  102  and/or RF circuitry  108  by peripherals interface  118 . In some embodiments, audio circuitry  110  also includes a headset jack (e.g.,  212 ,  FIG. 2 ). The headset jack provides an interface between audio circuitry  110  and removable audio input/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headset with both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input (e.g., a microphone). 
     I/O subsystem  106  couples input/output peripherals on device  100 , such as touch-sensitive display system  112  and other input or control devices  116 , with peripherals interface  118 . I/O subsystem  106  optionally includes display controller  156 , optical sensor controller  158 , intensity sensor controller  159 , haptic feedback controller  161 , and one or more input controllers  160  for other input or control devices. The one or more input controllers  160  receive/send electrical signals from/to other input or control devices  116 . The other input or control devices  116  optionally include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s)  160  are, optionally, coupled with any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, infrared port, USB port, stylus, and/or a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g.,  208 ,  FIG. 2 ) optionally include an up/down button for volume control of speaker  111  and/or microphone  113 . The one or more buttons optionally include a push button (e.g.,  206 ,  FIG. 2 ). 
     Touch-sensitive display system  112  provides an input interface and an output interface between the device and a user. Display controller  156  receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to touch-sensitive display system  112 . Touch-sensitive display system  112  displays visual output to the user. The visual output optionally includes graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all of the visual output corresponds to user interface objects. As used herein, the term “affordance” refers to a user-interactive graphical user interface object (e.g., graphical user interface object that is configured to respond to inputs directed toward the graphical user interface object). Examples of user-interactive graphical user interface objects include, without limitation, a button, slider, icon, selectable menu item, switch, or other user interface control. 
     Touch-sensitive display system  112  has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor, or set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact. Touch-sensitive display system  112  and display controller  156  (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory  102 ) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on touch-sensitive display system  112  and converts the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages or images) that are displayed on touch-sensitive display system  112 . In an exemplary embodiment, a point of contact between touch-sensitive display system  112  and the user corresponds to a finger of the user or a stylus. 
     Touch-sensitive display system  112  optionally uses LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED (light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologies are used in other embodiments. Touch-sensitive display system  112  and display controller  156  optionally detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of a plurality of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with touch-sensitive display system  112 . In an exemplary embodiment, projected mutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. 
     Touch-sensitive display system  112  optionally has a video resolution in excess of 100 dpi. In some embodiments, the touch screen video resolution is in excess of 400 dpi (e.g., 500 dpi, 800 dpi, or greater). The user optionally makes contact with touch-sensitive display system  112  using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to work with finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired by the user. 
     In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, device  100  optionally includes a touchpad (not shown) for activating or deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output. The touchpad is, optionally, a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from touch-sensitive display system  112  or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen. 
     Device  100  also includes power system  162  for powering the various components. Power system  162  optionally includes a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices. 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more optical sensors  164 .  FIG. 1A  shows an optical sensor coupled with optical sensor controller  158  in I/O subsystem  106 . Optical sensor(s)  164  optionally include charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistors. Optical sensor(s)  164  receive light from the environment, projected through one or more lens, and convert the light to data representing an image. In conjunction with imaging module  143  (also called a camera module), optical sensor(s)  164  optionally capture still images and/or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch-sensitive display system  112  on the front of the device, so that the touch screen is enabled for use as a viewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition. In some embodiments, another optical sensor is located on the front of the device so that the user&#39;s image is obtained (e.g., for selfies, for videoconferencing while the user views the other video conference participants on the touch screen, etc.). 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more contact intensity sensors  165 .  FIG. 1A  shows a contact intensity sensor coupled with intensity sensor controller  159  in I/O subsystem  106 . Contact intensity sensor(s)  165  optionally include one or more piezoresistive strain gauges, capacitive force sensors, electric force sensors, piezoelectric force sensors, optical force sensors, capacitive touch-sensitive surfaces, or other intensity sensors (e.g., sensors used to measure the force (or pressure) of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface). Contact intensity sensor(s)  165  receive contact intensity information (e.g., pressure information or a proxy for pressure information) from the environment. In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112 ). In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch-screen display system  112  which is located on the front of device  100 . 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more proximity sensors  166 .  FIG. 1A  shows proximity sensor  166  coupled with peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, proximity sensor  166  is coupled with input controller  160  in I/O subsystem  106 . In some embodiments, the proximity sensor turns off and disables touch-sensitive display system  112  when the multifunction device is placed near the user&#39;s ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call). 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more tactile output generators  167 .  FIG. 1A  shows a tactile output generator coupled with haptic feedback controller  161  in I/O subsystem  106 . Tactile output generator(s)  167  optionally include one or more electroacoustic devices such as speakers or other audio components and/or electromechanical devices that convert energy into linear motion such as a motor, solenoid, electroactive polymer, piezoelectric actuator, electrostatic actuator, or other tactile output generating component (e.g., a component that converts electrical signals into tactile outputs on the device). Tactile output generator(s)  167  receive tactile feedback generation instructions from haptic feedback module  133  and generates tactile outputs on device  100  that are capable of being sensed by a user of device  100 . In some embodiments, at least one tactile output generator is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112 ) and, optionally, generates a tactile output by moving the touch-sensitive surface vertically (e.g., in/out of a surface of device  100 ) or laterally (e.g., back and forth in the same plane as a surface of device  100 ). In some embodiments, at least one tactile output generator sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch-sensitive display system  112 , which is located on the front of device  100 . 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more accelerometers  168 .  FIG. 1A  shows accelerometer  168  coupled with peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, accelerometer  168  is, optionally, coupled with an input controller  160  in I/O subsystem  106 . In some embodiments, information is displayed on the touch-screen display in a portrait view or a landscape view based on an analysis of data received from the one or more accelerometers. Device  100  optionally includes, in addition to accelerometer(s)  168 , a magnetometer (not shown) and a GPS (or GLONASS or other global navigation system) receiver (not shown) for obtaining information concerning the location and orientation (e.g., portrait or landscape) of device  100 . 
     In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory  102  include operating system  126 , communication module (or set of instructions)  128 , contact/motion module (or set of instructions)  130 , graphics module (or set of instructions)  132 , haptic feedback module (or set of instructions)  133 , text input module (or set of instructions)  134 , Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set of instructions)  135 , and applications (or sets of instructions)  136 . Furthermore, in some embodiments, memory  102  stores device/global internal state  157 , as shown in  FIGS. 1A and 3 . Device/global internal state  157  includes one or more of: active application state, indicating which applications, if any, are currently active; display state, indicating what applications, views or other information occupy various regions of touch-sensitive display system  112 ; sensor state, including information obtained from the device&#39;s various sensors and other input or control devices  116 ; and location and/or positional information concerning the device&#39;s location and/or attitude. 
     Operating system  126  (e.g., iOS, Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components. 
     Communication module  128  facilitates communication with other devices over one or more external ports  124  and also includes various software components for handling data received by RF circuitry  108  and/or external port  124 . External port  124  (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the 30-pin connector used in some iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. In some embodiments, the external port is a Lightning connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the Lightning connector used in some iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. 
     Contact/motion module  130  optionally detects contact with touch-sensitive display system  112  (in conjunction with display controller  156 ) and other touch-sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). Contact/motion module  130  includes various software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact (e.g., by a finger or by a stylus), such as determining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-down event), determining an intensity of the contact (e.g., the force or pressure of the contact or a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact), determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact). Contact/motion module  130  receives contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which is represented by a series of contact data, optionally includes determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. These operations are, optionally, applied to single contacts (e.g., one finger contacts or stylus contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g., “multitouch”/multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments, contact/motion module  130  and display controller  156  detect contact on a touchpad. 
     Contact/motion module  130  optionally detects a gesture input by a user. Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contact patterns (e.g., different motions, timings, and/or intensities of detected contacts). Thus, a gesture is, optionally, detected by detecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a finger tap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event at the same position (or substantially the same position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequently followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event. Similarly, tap, swipe, drag, and other gestures are optionally detected for a stylus by detecting a particular contact pattern for the stylus. 
     Graphics module  132  includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics on touch-sensitive display system  112  or other display, including components for changing the visual impact (e.g., brightness, transparency, saturation, contrast or other visual property) of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics” includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including without limitation text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations and the like. 
     In some embodiments, graphics module  132  stores data representing graphics to be used. Each graphic is, optionally, assigned a corresponding code. Graphics module  132  receives, from applications etc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with, if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and then generates screen image data to output to display controller  156 . 
     Haptic feedback module  133  includes various software components for generating instructions used by tactile output generator(s)  167  to produce tactile outputs at one or more locations on device  100  in response to user interactions with device  100 . 
     Text input module  134 , which is, optionally, a component of graphics module  132 , provides soft keyboards for entering text in various applications (e.g., contacts  137 , e-mail  140 , IM  141 , browser  147 , and any other application that needs text input). 
     GPS module  135  determines the location of the device and provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone  138  for use in location-based dialing, to camera  143  as picture/video metadata, and to applications that provide location-based services such as weather widgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets). 
     Applications  136  optionally include the following modules (or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof:
         contacts module  137  (sometimes called an address book or contact list);   telephone module  138 ;   video conferencing module  139 ;   e-mail client module  140 ;   instant messaging (IM) module  141 ;   workout support module  142 ;   camera module  143  for still and/or video images;   image management module  144 ;   browser module  147 ;   calendar module  148 ;   widget modules  149 , which optionally include one or more of: weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  149 - 3 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , dictionary widget  149 - 5 , and other widgets obtained by the user, as well as user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   widget creator module  150  for making user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   search module  151 ;   video and music player module  152 , which is, optionally, made up of a video player module and a music player module;   notes module  153 ;   map module  154 ; and/or   online video module  155 .       

     Examples of other applications  136  that are, optionally, stored in memory  102  include other word processing applications, other image editing applications, drawing applications, presentation applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice replication. 
     In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , contacts module  137  includes executable instructions to manage an address book or contact list (e.g., stored in application internal state  192  of contacts module  137  in memory  102  or memory  370 ), including: adding name(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book; associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or other information with a name; associating an image with a name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers and/or e-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications by telephone  138 , video conference  139 , e-mail  140 , or IM  141 ; and so forth. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , telephone module  138  includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers in address book  137 , modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation and disconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As noted above, the wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor(s)  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , contact list  137 , and telephone module  138 , videoconferencing module  139  includes executable instructions to initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user and one or more other participants in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140  includes executable instructions to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response to user instructions. In conjunction with image management module  144 , e-mail client module  140  makes it very easy to create and send e-mails with still or video images taken with camera module  143 . 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the instant messaging module  141  includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to an instant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit a respective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service (SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MIMS) protocol for telephony-based instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, Apple Push Notification Service (APNs) or IMPS for Internet-based instant messages), to receive instant messages and to view received instant messages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or received instant messages optionally include graphics, photos, audio files, video files and/or other attachments as are supported in a MIMS and/or an Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging” refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MIMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, APNs, or IMPS). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , map module  154 , and music player module  146 , workout support module  142  includes executable instructions to create workouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burning goals); communicate with workout sensors (in sports devices and smart watches); receive workout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout; select and play music for a workout; and display, store and transmit workout data. 
     In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor(s)  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and image management module  144 , camera module  143  includes executable instructions to capture still images or video (including a video stream) and store them into memory  102 , modify characteristics of a still image or video, and/or delete a still image or video from memory  102 . 
     In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and camera module  143 , image management module  144  includes executable instructions to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/or video images. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , browser module  147  includes executable instructions to browse the Internet in accordance with user instructions, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portions thereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , calendar module  148  includes executable instructions to create, display, modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendar entries, to do lists, etc.) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , widget modules  149  are mini-applications that are, optionally, downloaded and used by a user (e.g., weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  149 - 3 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , and dictionary widget  149 - 5 ) or created by the user (e.g., user-created widget  149 - 6 ). In some embodiments, a widget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In some embodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , the widget creator module  150  includes executable instructions to create widgets (e.g., turning a user-specified portion of a web page into a widget). 
     In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , search module  151  includes executable instructions to search for text, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory  102  that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , and browser module  147 , video and music player module  152  includes executable instructions that allow the user to download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, and executable instructions to display, present or otherwise play back videos (e.g., on touch-sensitive display system  112 , or on an external display connected wirelessly or via external port  124 ). In some embodiments, device  100  optionally includes the functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.). 
     In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , notes module  153  includes executable instructions to create and manage notes, to do lists, and the like in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , and browser module  147 , map module  154  includes executable instructions to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data associated with maps (e.g., driving directions; data on stores and other points of interest at or near a particular location; and other location-based data) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , online video module  155  includes executable instructions that allow the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen  112 , or on an external display connected wirelessly or via external port  124 ), send an e-mail with a link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats, such as H.264. In some embodiments, instant messaging module  141 , rather than e-mail client module  140 , is used to send a link to a particular online video. 
     Each of the above identified modules and applications correspond to a set of executable instructions for performing one or more functions described above and the methods described in this application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods described herein). These modules (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  102  optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  102  optionally stores additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     In some embodiments, device  100  is a device where operation of a predefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/or a touchpad as the primary input control device for operation of device  100 , the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) on device  100  is, optionally, reduced. 
     The predefined set of functions that are performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad optionally include navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by the user, navigates device  100  to a main, home, or root menu from any user interface that is displayed on device  100 . In such embodiments, a “menu button” is implemented using a touchpad. In some other embodiments, the menu button is a physical push button or other physical input control device instead of a touchpad. 
       FIG. 1B  is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  102  (in  FIG. 1A ) or  370  ( FIG. 3 ) includes event sorter  170  (e.g., in operating system  126 ) and a respective application  136 - 1  (e.g., any of the aforementioned applications  136 ,  137 - 155 ,  380 - 390 ). 
     Event sorter  170  receives event information and determines the application  136 - 1  and application view  191  of application  136 - 1  to which to deliver the event information. Event sorter  170  includes event monitor  171  and event dispatcher module  174 . In some embodiments, application  136 - 1  includes application internal state  192 , which indicates the current application view(s) displayed on touch-sensitive display system  112  when the application is active or executing. In some embodiments, device/global internal state  157  is used by event sorter  170  to determine which application(s) is (are) currently active, and application internal state  192  is used by event sorter  170  to determine application views  191  to which to deliver event information. 
     In some embodiments, application internal state  192  includes additional information, such as one or more of: resume information to be used when application  136 - 1  resumes execution, user interface state information that indicates information being displayed or that is ready for display by application  136 - 1 , a state queue for enabling the user to go back to a prior state or view of application  136 - 1 , and a redo/undo queue of previous actions taken by the user. 
     Event monitor  171  receives event information from peripherals interface  118 . Event information includes information about a sub-event (e.g., a user touch on touch-sensitive display system  112 , as part of a multi-touch gesture). Peripherals interface  118  transmits information it receives from I/O subsystem  106  or a sensor, such as proximity sensor  166 , accelerometer(s)  168 , and/or microphone  113  (through audio circuitry  110 ). Information that peripherals interface  118  receives from I/O subsystem  106  includes information from touch-sensitive display system  112  or a touch-sensitive surface. 
     In some embodiments, event monitor  171  sends requests to the peripherals interface  118  at predetermined intervals. In response, peripherals interface  118  transmits event information. In other embodiments, peripheral interface  118  transmits event information only when there is a significant event (e.g., receiving an input above a predetermined noise threshold and/or for more than a predetermined duration). 
     In some embodiments, event sorter  170  also includes a hit view determination module  172  and/or an active event recognizer determination module  173 . 
     Hit view determination module  172  provides software procedures for determining where a sub-event has taken place within one or more views, when touch-sensitive display system  112  displays more than one view. Views are made up of controls and other elements that a user can see on the display. 
     Another aspect of the user interface associated with an application is a set of views, sometimes herein called application views or user interface windows, in which information is displayed and touch-based gestures occur. The application views (of a respective application) in which a touch is detected optionally correspond to programmatic levels within a programmatic or view hierarchy of the application. For example, the lowest level view in which a touch is detected is, optionally, called the hit view, and the set of events that are recognized as proper inputs are, optionally, determined based, at least in part, on the hit view of the initial touch that begins a touch-based gesture. 
     Hit view determination module  172  receives information related to sub-events of a touch-based gesture. When an application has multiple views organized in a hierarchy, hit view determination module  172  identifies a hit view as the lowest view in the hierarchy which should handle the sub-event. In most circumstances, the hit view is the lowest level view in which an initiating sub-event occurs (i.e., the first sub-event in the sequence of sub-events that form an event or potential event). Once the hit view is identified by the hit view determination module, the hit view typically receives all sub-events related to the same touch or input source for which it was identified as the hit view. 
     Active event recognizer determination module  173  determines which view or views within a view hierarchy should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In some embodiments, active event recognizer determination module  173  determines that only the hit view should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, active event recognizer determination module  173  determines that all views that include the physical location of a sub-event are actively involved views, and therefore determines that all actively involved views should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, even if touch sub-events were entirely confined to the area associated with one particular view, views higher in the hierarchy would still remain as actively involved views. 
     Event dispatcher module  174  dispatches the event information to an event recognizer (e.g., event recognizer  180 ). In embodiments including active event recognizer determination module  173 , event dispatcher module  174  delivers the event information to an event recognizer determined by active event recognizer determination module  173 . In some embodiments, event dispatcher module  174  stores in an event queue the event information, which is retrieved by a respective event receiver module  182 . 
     In some embodiments, operating system  126  includes event sorter  170 . Alternatively, application  136 - 1  includes event sorter  170 . In yet other embodiments, event sorter  170  is a stand-alone module, or a part of another module stored in memory  102 , such as contact/motion module  130 . 
     In some embodiments, application  136 - 1  includes a plurality of event handlers  190  and one or more application views  191 , each of which includes instructions for handling touch events that occur within a respective view of the application&#39;s user interface. Each application view  191  of the application  136 - 1  includes one or more event recognizers  180 . Typically, a respective application view  191  includes a plurality of event recognizers  180 . In other embodiments, one or more of event recognizers  180  are part of a separate module, such as a user interface kit (not shown) or a higher level object from which application  136 - 1  inherits methods and other properties. In some embodiments, a respective event handler  190  includes one or more of: data updater  176 , object updater  177 , GUI updater  178 , and/or event data  179  received from event sorter  170 . Event handler  190  optionally utilizes or calls data updater  176 , object updater  177  or GUI updater  178  to update the application internal state  192 . Alternatively, one or more of the application views  191  includes one or more respective event handlers  190 . Also, in some embodiments, one or more of data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178  are included in a respective application view  191 . 
     A respective event recognizer  180  receives event information (e.g., event data  179 ) from event sorter  170 , and identifies an event from the event information. Event recognizer  180  includes event receiver  182  and event comparator  184 . In some embodiments, event recognizer  180  also includes at least a subset of: metadata  183 , and event delivery instructions  188  (which optionally include sub-event delivery instructions). 
     Event receiver  182  receives event information from event sorter  170 . The event information includes information about a sub-event, for example, a touch or a touch movement. Depending on the sub-event, the event information also includes additional information, such as location of the sub-event. When the sub-event concerns motion of a touch, the event information optionally also includes speed and direction of the sub-event. In some embodiments, events include rotation of the device from one orientation to another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to a landscape orientation, or vice versa), and the event information includes corresponding information about the current orientation (also called device attitude) of the device. 
     Event comparator  184  compares the event information to predefined event or sub-event definitions and, based on the comparison, determines an event or sub-event, or determines or updates the state of an event or sub-event. In some embodiments, event comparator  184  includes event definitions  186 . Event definitions  186  contain definitions of events (e.g., predefined sequences of sub-events), for example, event 1 ( 187 - 1 ), event 2 ( 187 - 2 ), and others. In some embodiments, sub-events in an event  187  include, for example, touch begin, touch end, touch movement, touch cancellation, and multiple touching. In one example, the definition for event 1 ( 187 - 1 ) is a double tap on a displayed object. The double tap, for example, comprises a first touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a first lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase, a second touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, and a second lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase. In another example, the definition for event 2 ( 187 - 2 ) is a dragging on a displayed object. The dragging, for example, comprises a touch (or contact) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a movement of the touch across touch-sensitive display system  112 , and lift-off of the touch (touch end). In some embodiments, the event also includes information for one or more associated event handlers  190 . 
     In some embodiments, event definition  187  includes a definition of an event for a respective user-interface object. In some embodiments, event comparator  184  performs a hit test to determine which user-interface object is associated with a sub-event. For example, in an application view in which three user-interface objects are displayed on touch-sensitive display system  112 , when a touch is detected on touch-sensitive display system  112 , event comparator  184  performs a hit test to determine which of the three user-interface objects is associated with the touch (sub-event). If each displayed object is associated with a respective event handler  190 , the event comparator uses the result of the hit test to determine which event handler  190  should be activated. For example, event comparator  184  selects an event handler associated with the sub-event and the object triggering the hit test. 
     In some embodiments, the definition for a respective event  187  also includes delayed actions that delay delivery of the event information until after it has been determined whether the sequence of sub-events does or does not correspond to the event recognizer&#39;s event type. 
     When a respective event recognizer  180  determines that the series of sub-events do not match any of the events in event definitions  186 , the respective event recognizer  180  enters an event impossible, event failed, or event ended state, after which it disregards subsequent sub-events of the touch-based gesture. In this situation, other event recognizers, if any, that remain active for the hit view continue to track and process sub-events of an ongoing touch-based gesture. 
     In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  includes metadata  183  with configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how the event delivery system should perform sub-event delivery to actively involved event recognizers. In some embodiments, metadata  183  includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how event recognizers interact, or are enabled to interact, with one another. In some embodiments, metadata  183  includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate whether sub-events are delivered to varying levels in the view or programmatic hierarchy. 
     In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  activates event handler  190  associated with an event when one or more particular sub-events of an event are recognized. In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  delivers event information associated with the event to event handler  190 . Activating an event handler  190  is distinct from sending (and deferred sending) sub-events to a respective hit view. In some embodiments, event recognizer  180  throws a flag associated with the recognized event, and event handler  190  associated with the flag catches the flag and performs a predefined process. 
     In some embodiments, event delivery instructions  188  include sub-event delivery instructions that deliver event information about a sub-event without activating an event handler. Instead, the sub-event delivery instructions deliver event information to event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or to actively involved views. Event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or with actively involved views receive the event information and perform a predetermined process. 
     In some embodiments, data updater  176  creates and updates data used in application  136 - 1 . For example, data updater  176  updates the telephone number used in contacts module  137 , or stores a video file used in video player module  145 . In some embodiments, object updater  177  creates and updates objects used in application  136 - 1 . For example, object updater  177  creates a new user-interface object or updates the position of a user-interface object. GUI updater  178  updates the GUI. For example, GUI updater  178  prepares display information and sends it to graphics module  132  for display on a touch-sensitive display. 
     In some embodiments, event handler(s)  190  includes or has access to data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178 . In some embodiments, data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178  are included in a single module of a respective application  136 - 1  or application view  191 . In other embodiments, they are included in two or more software modules. 
     It shall be understood that the foregoing discussion regarding event handling of user touches on touch-sensitive displays also applies to other forms of user inputs to operate multifunction devices  100  with input-devices, not all of which are initiated on touch screens. For example, mouse movement and mouse button presses, optionally coordinated with single or multiple keyboard presses or holds; contact movements such as taps, drags, scrolls, etc., on touch-pads; pen stylus inputs; movement of the device; oral instructions; detected eye movements; biometric inputs; and/or any combination thereof are optionally utilized as inputs corresponding to sub-events which define an event to be recognized. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a portable multifunction device  100  having a touch screen (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112 ,  FIG. 1A ) in accordance with some embodiments. The touch screen optionally displays one or more graphics within user interface (UI)  200 . In this embodiment, as well as others described below, a user is enabled to select one or more of the graphics by making a gesture on the graphics, for example, with one or more fingers  202  (not drawn to scale in the figure) or one or more styluses  203  (not drawn to scale in the figure). In some embodiments, selection of one or more graphics occurs when the user breaks contact with the one or more graphics. In some embodiments, the gesture optionally includes one or more taps, one or more swipes (from left to right, right to left, upward and/or downward) and/or a rolling of a finger (from right to left, left to right, upward and/or downward) that has made contact with device  100 . In some implementations or circumstances, inadvertent contact with a graphic does not select the graphic. For example, a swipe gesture that sweeps over an application icon optionally does not select the corresponding application when the gesture corresponding to selection is a tap. 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more physical buttons, such as “home” or menu button  204 . As described previously, menu button  204  is, optionally, used to navigate to any application  136  in a set of applications that are, optionally executed on device  100 . Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as a soft key in a GUI displayed on the touch-screen display. 
     In some embodiments, device  100  includes the touch-screen display, menu button  204 , push button  206  for powering the device on/off and locking the device, volume adjustment button(s)  208 , Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card slot  210 , head set jack  212 , and docking/charging external port  124 . Push button  206  is, optionally, used to turn the power on/off on the device by depressing the button and holding the button in the depressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by depressing the button and releasing the button before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an unlock process. In some embodiments, device  100  also accepts verbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions through microphone  113 . Device  100  also, optionally, includes one or more contact intensity sensors  165  for detecting intensity of contacts on touch-sensitive display system  112  and/or one or more tactile output generators  167  for generating tactile outputs for a user of device  100 . 
       FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. Device  300  need not be portable. In some embodiments, device  300  is a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a tablet computer, a multimedia player device, a navigation device, an educational device (such as a child&#39;s learning toy), a gaming system, or a control device (e.g., a home or industrial controller). Device  300  typically includes one or more processing units (CPUs)  310 , one or more network or other communications interfaces  360 , memory  370 , and one or more communication buses  320  for interconnecting these components. Communication buses  320  optionally include circuitry (sometimes called a chipset) that interconnects and controls communications between system components. Device  300  includes input/output (I/O) interface  330  comprising display  340 , which is typically a touch-screen display. I/O interface  330  also optionally includes a keyboard and/or mouse (or other pointing device)  350  and touchpad  355 , tactile output generator  357  for generating tactile outputs on device  300  (e.g., similar to tactile output generator(s)  167  described above with reference to  FIG. 1A ), sensors  359  (e.g., optical, acceleration, proximity, touch-sensitive, and/or contact intensity sensors similar to contact intensity sensor(s)  165  described above with reference to  FIG. 1A ). Memory  370  includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM or other random access solid state memory devices; and optionally includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory  370  optionally includes one or more storage devices remotely located from CPU(s)  310 . In some embodiments, memory  370  stores programs, modules, and data structures analogous to the programs, modules, and data structures stored in memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100  ( FIG. 1A ), or a subset thereof. Furthermore, memory  370  optionally stores additional programs, modules, and data structures not present in memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100 . For example, memory  370  of device  300  optionally stores drawing module  380 , presentation module  382 , word processing module  384 , web site creation module  386 , disk authoring module  388 , and/or spreadsheet module  390 , while memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100  ( FIG. 1A ) optionally does not store these modules. 
     Each of the above identified elements in  FIG. 3  are, optionally, stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices. Each of the above identified modules corresponds to a set of instructions for performing a function described above. The above identified modules or programs (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  370  optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  370  optionally stores additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) that are, optionally, implemented on portable multifunction device  100 . 
       FIG. 4A  illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu of applications on portable multifunction device  100  in accordance with some embodiments. Similar user interfaces are, optionally, implemented on device  300 . In some embodiments, user interface  400  includes the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:
         Signal strength indicator(s)  402  for wireless communication(s), such as cellular and Wi-Fi signals;   Time  404 ;   Bluetooth indicator  405 ;   Battery status indicator  406 ;   Tray  408  with icons for frequently used applications, such as:
           Icon  416  for telephone module  138 , labeled “Phone,” which optionally includes an indicator  414  of the number of missed calls or voicemail messages;   Icon  418  for e-mail client module  140 , labeled “Mail,” which optionally includes an indicator  410  of the number of unread e-mails;   Icon  420  for browser module  147 , labeled “Browser,” and   Icon  422  for video and music player module  152 , also referred to as iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) module  152 , labeled “iPod,” and   
           Icons for other applications, such as:
           Icon  424  for IM module  141 , labeled “Messages,”   Icon  426  for calendar module  148 , labeled “Calendar,”   Icon  428  for image management module  144 , labeled “Photos,”   Icon  430  for camera module  143 , labeled “Camera,”   Icon  432  for online video module  155 , labeled “Online Video,”   Icon  434  for stocks widget  149 - 2 , labeled “Stocks,”   Icon  436  for map module  154 , labeled “Map,”   Icon  438  for weather widget  149 - 1 , labeled “Weather,”   Icon  440  for alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , labeled “Clock,”   Icon  442  for workout support module  142 , labeled “Workout Support,”   Icon  444  for notes module  153 , labeled “Notes,” and   Icon  446  for a settings application or module, which provides access to settings for device  100  and its various applications  136 .   
               

     It should be noted that the icon labels illustrated in  FIG. 4A  are merely exemplary. For example, in some embodiments, icon  422  for video and music player module  152  is labeled “Music” or “Music Player.” Other labels are, optionally, used for various application icons. In some embodiments, a label for a respective application icon includes a name of an application corresponding to the respective application icon. In some embodiments, a label for a particular application icon is distinct from a name of an application corresponding to the particular application icon. 
       FIG. 4B  illustrates an exemplary user interface on a device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG. 3 ) with a touch-sensitive surface  451  (e.g., a tablet or touchpad  355 ,  FIG. 3 ) that is separate from the display  450 . Device  300  also, optionally, includes one or more contact intensity sensors (e.g., one or more of sensors  359 ) for detecting intensity of contacts on touch-sensitive surface  451  and/or one or more tactile output generators  357  for generating tactile outputs for a user of device  300 . 
       FIG. 4B  illustrates an exemplary user interface on a device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG. 3 ) with a touch-sensitive surface  451  (e.g., a tablet or touchpad  355 ,  FIG. 3 ) that is separate from the display  450 . Although many of the examples that follow will be given with reference to inputs on touch screen display  112  (where the touch sensitive surface and the display are combined), in some embodiments, the device detects inputs on a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display, as shown in  FIG. 4B . In some embodiments, the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,  451  in  FIG. 4B ) has a primary axis (e.g.,  452  in  FIG. 4B ) that corresponds to a primary axis (e.g.,  453  in  FIG. 4B ) on the display (e.g.,  450 ). In accordance with these embodiments, the device detects contacts (e.g.,  460  and  462  in  FIG. 4B ) with the touch-sensitive surface  451  at locations that correspond to respective locations on the display (e.g., in  FIG. 4B, 460  corresponds to  468  and  462  corresponds to  470 ). In this way, user inputs (e.g., contacts  460  and  462 , and movements thereof) detected by the device on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,  451  in  FIG. 4B ) are used by the device to manipulate the user interface on the display (e.g.,  450  in  FIG. 4B ) of the multifunction device when the touch-sensitive surface is separate from the display. It should be understood that similar methods are, optionally, used for other user interfaces described herein. 
     Additionally, while the following examples are given primarily with reference to finger inputs (e.g., finger contacts, finger tap gestures, finger swipe gestures, etc.), it should be understood that, in some embodiments, one or more of the finger inputs are replaced with input from another input device (e.g., a mouse based input or a stylus input). For example, a swipe gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click (e.g., instead of a contact) followed by movement of the cursor along the path of the swipe (e.g., instead of movement of the contact). As another example, a tap gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click while the cursor is located over the location of the tap gesture (e.g., instead of detection of the contact followed by ceasing to detect the contact). Similarly, when multiple user inputs are simultaneously detected, it should be understood that multiple computer mice are, optionally, used simultaneously, or a mouse and finger contacts are, optionally, used simultaneously. 
     As used herein, the term “focus selector” refers to an input element that indicates a current part of a user interface with which a user is interacting. In some implementations that include a cursor or other location marker, the cursor acts as a “focus selector,” so that when an input (e.g., a press input) is detected on a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touchpad  355  in  FIG. 3  or touch-sensitive surface  451  in  FIG. 4B ) while the cursor is over a particular user interface element (e.g., a button, window, slider or other user interface element), the particular user interface element is adjusted in accordance with the detected input. In some implementations that include a touch-screen display (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112  in  FIG. 1A  or the touch screen in  FIG. 4A ) that enables direct interaction with user interface elements on the touch-screen display, a detected contact on the touch-screen acts as a “focus selector,” so that when an input (e.g., a press input by the contact) is detected on the touch-screen display at a location of a particular user interface element (e.g., a button, window, slider or other user interface element), the particular user interface element is adjusted in accordance with the detected input. In some implementations, focus is moved from one region of a user interface to another region of the user interface without corresponding movement of a cursor or movement of a contact on a touch-screen display (e.g., by using a tab key or arrow keys to move focus from one button to another button); in these implementations, the focus selector moves in accordance with movement of focus between different regions of the user interface. Without regard to the specific form taken by the focus selector, the focus selector is generally the user interface element (or contact on a touch-screen display) that is controlled by the user so as to communicate the user&#39;s intended interaction with the user interface (e.g., by indicating, to the device, the element of the user interface with which the user is intending to interact). For example, the location of a focus selector (e.g., a cursor, a contact, or a selection box) over a respective button while a press input is detected on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touchpad or touch screen) will indicate that the user is intending to activate the respective button (as opposed to other user interface elements shown on a display of the device). 
     As used in the specification and claims, the term “intensity” of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface refers to the force or pressure (force per unit area) of a contact (e.g., a finger contact or a stylus contact) on the touch-sensitive surface, or to a substitute (proxy) for the force or pressure of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface. The intensity of a contact has a range of values that includes at least four distinct values and more typically includes hundreds of distinct values (e.g., at least 256). Intensity of a contact is, optionally, determined (or measured) using various approaches and various sensors or combinations of sensors. For example, one or more force sensors underneath or adjacent to the touch-sensitive surface are, optionally, used to measure force at various points on the touch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, force measurements from multiple force sensors are combined (e.g., a weighted average or a sum) to determine an estimated force of a contact. Similarly, a pressure-sensitive tip of a stylus is, optionally, used to determine a pressure of the stylus on the touch-sensitive surface. Alternatively, the size of the contact area detected on the touch-sensitive surface and/or changes thereto, the capacitance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto, and/or the resistance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto are, optionally, used as a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are used directly to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is described in units corresponding to the substitute measurements). In some implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are converted to an estimated force or pressure and the estimated force or pressure is used to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is a pressure threshold measured in units of pressure). Using the intensity of a contact as an attribute of a user input allows for user access to additional device functionality that may otherwise not be readily accessible by the user on a reduced-size device with limited real estate for displaying affordances (e.g., on a touch-sensitive display) and/or receiving user input (e.g., via a touch-sensitive display, a touch-sensitive surface, or a physical/mechanical control such as a knob or a button). 
     In some embodiments, contact/motion module  130  uses a set of one or more intensity thresholds to determine whether an operation has been performed by a user (e.g., to determine whether a user has “clicked” on an icon). In some embodiments, at least a subset of the intensity thresholds are determined in accordance with software parameters (e.g., the intensity thresholds are not determined by the activation thresholds of particular physical actuators and can be adjusted without changing the physical hardware of device  100 ). For example, a mouse “click” threshold of a trackpad or touch-screen display can be set to any of a large range of predefined thresholds values without changing the trackpad or touch-screen display hardware. Additionally, in some implementations a user of the device is provided with software settings for adjusting one or more of the set of intensity thresholds (e.g., by adjusting individual intensity thresholds and/or by adjusting a plurality of intensity thresholds at once with a system-level click “intensity” parameter). 
     As used in the specification and claims, the term “characteristic intensity” of a contact refers to a characteristic of the contact based on one or more intensities of the contact. In some embodiments, the characteristic intensity is based on multiple intensity samples. The characteristic intensity is, optionally, based on a predefined number of intensity samples, or a set of intensity samples collected during a predetermined time period (e.g., 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 seconds) relative to a predefined event (e.g., after detecting the contact, prior to detecting liftoff of the contact, before or after detecting a start of movement of the contact, prior to detecting an end of the contact, before or after detecting an increase in intensity of the contact, and/or before or after detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact). A characteristic intensity of a contact is, optionally based on one or more of: a maximum value of the intensities of the contact, a mean value of the intensities of the contact, an average value of the intensities of the contact, a top 10 percentile value of the intensities of the contact, a value at the half maximum of the intensities of the contact, a value at the 90 percent maximum of the intensities of the contact, or the like. In some embodiments, the duration of the contact is used in determining the characteristic intensity (e.g., when the characteristic intensity is an average of the intensity of the contact over time). In some embodiments, the characteristic intensity is compared to a set of one or more intensity thresholds to determine whether an operation has been performed by a user. For example, the set of one or more intensity thresholds may include a first intensity threshold and a second intensity threshold. In this example, a contact with a characteristic intensity that does not exceed the first threshold results in a first operation, a contact with a characteristic intensity that exceeds the first intensity threshold and does not exceed the second intensity threshold results in a second operation, and a contact with a characteristic intensity that exceeds the second intensity threshold results in a third operation. In some embodiments, a comparison between the characteristic intensity and one or more intensity thresholds is used to determine whether or not to perform one or more operations (e.g., whether to perform a respective option or forgo performing the respective operation) rather than being used to determine whether to perform a first operation or a second operation. 
     In some embodiments, a portion of a gesture is identified for purposes of determining a characteristic intensity. For example, a touch-sensitive surface may receive a continuous swipe contact transitioning from a start location and reaching an end location (e.g., a drag gesture), at which point the intensity of the contact increases. In this example, the characteristic intensity of the contact at the end location may be based on only a portion of the continuous swipe contact, and not the entire swipe contact (e.g., only the portion of the swipe contact at the end location). In some embodiments, a smoothing algorithm may be applied to the intensities of the swipe contact prior to determining the characteristic intensity of the contact. For example, the smoothing algorithm optionally includes one or more of: an unweighted sliding-average smoothing algorithm, a triangular smoothing algorithm, a median filter smoothing algorithm, and/or an exponential smoothing algorithm. In some circumstances, these smoothing algorithms eliminate narrow spikes or dips in the intensities of the swipe contact for purposes of determining a characteristic intensity. 
     The user interface figures described herein optionally include various intensity diagrams that show the current intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface relative to one or more intensity thresholds (e.g., a contact detection intensity threshold IT 0 , a light press intensity threshold IT L , a deep press intensity threshold IT D  (e.g., that is at least initially higher than I L ), and/or one or more other intensity thresholds (e.g., an intensity threshold I H  that is lower than I L )). This intensity diagram is typically not part of the displayed user interface, but is provided to aid in the interpretation of the figures. In some embodiments, the light press intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will perform operations typically associated with clicking a button of a physical mouse or a trackpad. In some embodiments, the deep press intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will perform operations that are different from operations typically associated with clicking a button of a physical mouse or a trackpad. In some embodiments, when a contact is detected with a characteristic intensity below the light press intensity threshold (e.g., and above a nominal contact-detection intensity threshold IT 0  below which the contact is no longer detected), the device will move a focus selector in accordance with movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface without performing an operation associated with the light press intensity threshold or the deep press intensity threshold. Generally, unless otherwise stated, these intensity thresholds are consistent between different sets of user interface figures. 
     In some embodiments, the response of the device to inputs detected by the device depends on criteria based on the contact intensity during the input. For example, for some “light press” inputs, the intensity of a contact exceeding a first intensity threshold during the input triggers a first response. In some embodiments, the response of the device to inputs detected by the device depends on criteria that include both the contact intensity during the input and time-based criteria. For example, for some “deep press” inputs, the intensity of a contact exceeding a second intensity threshold during the input, greater than the first intensity threshold for a light press, triggers a second response only if a delay time has elapsed between meeting the first intensity threshold and meeting the second intensity threshold. This delay time is typically less than 200 ms in duration (e.g., 40, 100, or 120 ms, depending on the magnitude of the second intensity threshold, with the delay time increasing as the second intensity threshold increases). This delay time helps to avoid accidental deep press inputs. As another example, for some “deep press” inputs, there is a reduced-sensitivity time period that occurs after the time at which the first intensity threshold is met. During the reduced-sensitivity time period, the second intensity threshold is increased. This temporary increase in the second intensity threshold also helps to avoid accidental deep press inputs. For other deep press inputs, the response to detection of a deep press input does not depend on time-based criteria. 
     In some embodiments, one or more of the input intensity thresholds and/or the corresponding outputs vary based on one or more factors, such as user settings, contact motion, input timing, application running, rate at which the intensity is applied, number of concurrent inputs, user history, environmental factors (e.g., ambient noise), focus selector position, and the like. Exemplary factors are described in U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 14/399,606 and 14/624,296, which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. 
     For example,  FIG. 4C  illustrates a dynamic intensity threshold  480  that changes over time based in part on the intensity of touch input  476  over time. Dynamic intensity threshold  480  is a sum of two components, first component  474  that decays over time after a predefined delay time p 1  from when touch input  476  is initially detected, and second component  478  that trails the intensity of touch input  476  over time. The initial high intensity threshold of first component  474  reduces accidental triggering of a “deep press” response, while still allowing an immediate “deep press” response if touch input  476  provides sufficient intensity. Second component  478  reduces unintentional triggering of a “deep press” response by gradual intensity fluctuations of in a touch input. In some embodiments, when touch input  476  satisfies dynamic intensity threshold  480  (e.g., at point  481  in  FIG. 4C ), the “deep press” response is triggered. 
       FIG. 4D  illustrates another dynamic intensity threshold  486  (e.g., intensity threshold I D ).  FIG. 4D  also illustrates two other intensity thresholds: a first intensity threshold I H  and a second intensity threshold I L . In  FIG. 4D , although touch input  484  satisfies the first intensity threshold I H  and the second intensity threshold I L  prior to time p 2 , no response is provided until delay time p 2  has elapsed at time  482 . Also in  FIG. 4D , dynamic intensity threshold  486  decays over time, with the decay starting at time  488  after a predefined delay time p 1  has elapsed from time  482  (when the response associated with the second intensity threshold I L  was triggered). This type of dynamic intensity threshold reduces accidental triggering of a response associated with the dynamic intensity threshold I D  immediately after, or concurrently with, triggering a response associated with a lower intensity threshold, such as the first intensity threshold I H  or the second intensity threshold I L . 
       FIG. 4E  illustrate yet another dynamic intensity threshold  492  (e.g., intensity threshold I D ). In  FIG. 4E , a response associated with the intensity threshold I L  is triggered after the delay time p 2  has elapsed from when touch input  490  is initially detected. Concurrently, dynamic intensity threshold  492  decays after the predefined delay time p 1  has elapsed from when touch input  490  is initially detected. So a decrease in intensity of touch input  490  after triggering the response associated with the intensity threshold I L , followed by an increase in the intensity of touch input  490 , without releasing touch input  490 , can trigger a response associated with the intensity threshold I D  (e.g., at time  494 ) even when the intensity of touch input  490  is below another intensity threshold, for example, the intensity threshold I L . 
     An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below the light press intensity threshold IT L  to an intensity between the light press intensity threshold IT L  and the deep press intensity threshold IT D  is sometimes referred to as a “light press” input. An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below the deep press intensity threshold IT D  to an intensity above the deep press intensity threshold IT D  is sometimes referred to as a “deep press” input. An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below the contact-detection intensity threshold IT 0  to an intensity between the contact-detection intensity threshold IT 0  and the light press intensity threshold IT L  is sometimes referred to as detecting the contact on the touch-surface. A decrease of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity above the contact-detection intensity threshold IT 0  to an intensity below the contact-detection intensity threshold IT 0  is sometimes referred to as detecting liftoff of the contact from the touch-surface. In some embodiments IT 0  is zero. In some embodiments, IT 0  is greater than zero. In some illustrations a shaded circle or oval is used to represent intensity of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In some illustrations, a circle or oval without shading is used represent a respective contact on the touch-sensitive surface without specifying the intensity of the respective contact. 
     In some embodiments, described herein, one or more operations are performed in response to detecting a gesture that includes a respective press input or in response to detecting the respective press input performed with a respective contact (or a plurality of contacts), where the respective press input is detected based at least in part on detecting an increase in intensity of the contact (or plurality of contacts) above a press-input intensity threshold. In some embodiments, the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold (e.g., the respective operation is performed on a “down stroke” of the respective press input). In some embodiments, the press input includes an increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold and a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the press-input intensity threshold, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contact below the press-input threshold (e.g., the respective operation is performed on an “up stroke” of the respective press input). 
     In some embodiments, the device employs intensity hysteresis to avoid accidental inputs sometimes termed “jitter,” where the device defines or selects a hysteresis intensity threshold with a predefined relationship to the press-input intensity threshold (e.g., the hysteresis intensity threshold is X intensity units lower than the press-input intensity threshold or the hysteresis intensity threshold is 75%, 90%, or some reasonable proportion of the press-input intensity threshold). Thus, in some embodiments, the press input includes an increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold and a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold that corresponds to the press-input intensity threshold, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold (e.g., the respective operation is performed on an “up stroke” of the respective press input). Similarly, in some embodiments, the press input is detected only when the device detects an increase in intensity of the contact from an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity at or above the press-input intensity threshold and, optionally, a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact to an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the press input (e.g., the increase in intensity of the contact or the decrease in intensity of the contact, depending on the circumstances). 
     For ease of explanation, the description of operations performed in response to a press input associated with a press-input intensity threshold or in response to a gesture including the press input are, optionally, triggered in response to detecting: an increase in intensity of a contact above the press-input intensity threshold, an increase in intensity of a contact from an intensity below the hysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity above the press-input intensity threshold, a decrease in intensity of the contact below the press-input intensity threshold, or a decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to the press-input intensity threshold. Additionally, in examples where an operation is described as being performed in response to detecting a decrease in intensity of a contact below the press-input intensity threshold, the operation is, optionally, performed in response to detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact below a hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to, and lower than, the press-input intensity threshold. As described above, in some embodiments, the triggering of these responses also depends on time-based criteria being met (e.g., a delay time has elapsed between a first intensity threshold being met and a second intensity threshold being met). 
     User Interfaces and Associated Processes 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) and associated processes that may be implemented on an electronic device, such as portable multifunction device  100  or device  300 , with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. 
       FIGS. 5A-5I  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for displaying an expanded portion of a slider, in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in  FIGS. 7A-7D and 8A-8D . For convenience of explanation, some of the embodiments will be discussed with reference to operations performed on a device with a touch-sensitive display system  112 . In such embodiments, the focus selector is, optionally: a respective finger or stylus contact, a representative point corresponding to a finger or stylus contact (e.g., a centroid of a respective contact or a point associated with a respective contact), or a centroid of two or more contacts detected on the touch-sensitive display system  112 . However, analogous operations are, optionally, performed on a device with a display  450  and a separate touch-sensitive surface  451  in response to detecting the contacts on the touch-sensitive surface  451  while displaying the user interfaces shown in the figures on the display  450 , along with a focus selector. 
       FIG. 5A  illustrates a user interface that includes user interface objects, in accordance with some embodiments. The illustrative user interface of  FIG. 5A  includes user interface objects for a media playback application, including a media playback slider  502  and other user interface objects: media playback controls (previous track control  508 , pause control  510 , next track control  512 ), content identification information object  514 , and volume slider  516 . Media playback slider  502  represents an audio track. Lower range value indicator  504  indicates a time value (0:00) of a position in the audio track corresponding to the left edge of media playback slider  502  and upper range value indicator  506  indicates a time value (2:15) of a position in the audio track corresponding to the right edge of media playback slider  502 . A contact with touch screen  112  is received at a location indicated by focus selector  518 . Focus selector  518  is at a location of play head  520 . Play head  520  is a thumb control for slider  502 . As a contact with touch screen  112  is moved along media playback slider  502  from the location indicated by focus selector  518 , play head  520  is moved in the direction of the contact&#39;s movement. In some embodiments, play back of the audio track represented by media playback slider  502  is initiated and/or resumed from a position in time indicated by play head  520 . The characteristic intensity of the contact is indicated by intensity meter  522 . In  FIG. 5A , the characteristic intensity of the contact (as indicated by intensity meter  522 ) is between a contact-detection intensity threshold IT 0  and a hint intensity threshold IT H . 
       FIG. 5B  illustrates a user interface in which an expanded portion of media playback slider  502  is displayed, in accordance with some embodiments. In  FIG. 5B , the characteristic intensity of the contact at the location indicated by focus selector  518  has increased to above the hint intensity threshold IT H , as indicated by intensity meter  522 . In comparison with media playback slider  502  as shown in  FIG. 5A , media playback slider  502  as shown in  FIG. 5B  is vertically expanded, magnifying the slider to reveal an audio waveform  524  (or to further reveal audio waveform  526 , if audio waveform  524  was previously visible) corresponding to the audio track represented by media playback slider  502 . The expanded portion of media playback slider  502  as shown in  FIG. 5B , with time value 0:15 shown at lower range value indicator  504  and time value 2:01 shown at upper range value indicator  506 , is less than all of media playback slider  502  as shown in  FIG. 5A  (in which lower range value indicator  504  showed time value 0:00 and upper range value indicator  506  showed time value 2:15). In  FIG. 5B , the appearance of user interface objects  508 ,  510 ,  512 ,  514 , and  516  is maintained (i.e., the appearance of user interface objects  508 ,  510 ,  512 ,  514 , and  516  is not changed from the appearance of these user interface objects in  FIG. 5A ) while the expanded portion of media playback slider  502  is displayed. Play head  520  remains displayed under focus selector  518  when the expanded portion of media playback slider  502  is displayed. 
       FIG. 5C  illustrates a user interface in which a further expanded portion of media playback slider  502  is shown, in accordance with some embodiments. In response to detecting a second increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact at the location indicated by focus selector  518 , a further expanded portion of media playback slider  502  is displayed. For example, the second increase in the characteristic intensity is an increase from above the hint intensity threshold IT H , as shown in  FIG. 5B , to above a light press intensity threshold IT L , as shown by intensity meter  522  of  FIG. 5C . Alternatively, the second increase in the characteristic intensity is an increase in the characteristic intensity (e.g., an increase to above the hint intensity threshold IT H ) that follows a decrease in characteristic intensity (e.g., a decrease below the hint intensity threshold IT H ) subsequent to the first increase in the characteristic intensity (e.g., the increase above the hint intensity threshold IT H  as shown by intensity level meter  522  in  FIG. 5B ). In comparison with media playback slider  502 , as shown in  FIG. 5B , media playback slider  502  as shown in  FIG. 5C  is vertically expanded, e.g., magnified to further reveal audio waveform  526 . The expanded portion of media playback slider  502  as shown in  FIG. 5C , with time value 0:35 shown by lower range value indicator  504  and time value 1:41 shown by upper range value indicator  506 , is less than all of media playback slider  502  as shown in  FIG. 5B  (in which lower range value indicator  504  showed time value 0:15 and upper range value indicator  506  showed time value 2:01). In  FIG. 5C , the appearance of user interface objects  508 ,  510 ,  512 ,  514 , and  516  is maintained (e.g., the appearance of user interface objects  508 ,  510 ,  512 ,  514 , and  516  is not changed from the appearance of these user interface objects in  FIG. 5A ) while the further expanded portion of media playback slider  502  is displayed. Play head  520  remains displayed under focus selector  518  when the further expanded portion of media playback slider  502  is displayed. 
       FIG. 5D  illustrates a series of user interfaces  530 ,  532 ,  534 ,  536 , and  538   a / 538   b  (which occur at sequential times t 0 , t 1 , t 2 , t 3 , and t 4 , respectively) in which media playback slider  502  is shown with varying degrees of expansion, in accordance with some embodiments. 
     In user interface  530 , a characteristic intensity level of a contact at a location indicated by focus selector  518 - 0  is between a contact-detection intensity threshold IT 0  and a hint intensity threshold IT H , as indicated by intensity level meter  522 - 0  shown adjacent to user interface  530 . Media playback slider  502 - 0  of user interface  530  is shown in an initial state. 
     In user interface  532 , the characteristic intensity level of the contact at the location indicated by focus selector  518 - 1  has increased to above IT H , as indicated by intensity level meter  522 - 1  shown adjacent to user interface  532 . In response to the increase in the characteristic intensity (from the characteristic intensity indicated by intensity meter  522 - 0  shown adjacent to user interface  530 ), an expanded portion of media playback slider  502 - 1  is displayed. 
     In user interface  534 , the characteristic intensity of the contact at the location indicated by focus selector  518 - 2  has decreased to below IT H , as indicated by intensity meter  522 - 2  shown adjacent to user interface  534 . In response to the decrease in the characteristic intensity (from the characteristic intensity indicated by intensity meter  522 - 1  shown adjacent to user interface  532 ), the display of the expanded portion of media playback slider  502 - 2  is maintained (e.g., the same expanded portion of media playback slider  502  is shown in user interface  532  and user interface  534 ). 
     In user interface  536 , the characteristic intensity of the contact at the location indicated by focus selector  518 - 3  has again increased to above IT H , as indicated by intensity meter  522 - 3  shown adjacent to user interface  536 . In response to the second increase in the characteristic intensity (from the characteristic intensity indicated by intensity meter  522 - 2  shown adjacent to user interface  534 ), a further expanded portion of media playback slider  502 - 3  is displayed. 
     Subsequent to displaying user interface  536 , a user interface as shown in  538   a  is displayed, in accordance with some embodiments. In user interface  538   a , the contact has lifted off from touch screen  112 . In response to the liftoff, media playback slider  502  is displayed at its initial state. 
     Alternatively, subsequent to displaying user interface  536 , a user interface as shown in  538   b  is displayed, in accordance with some embodiments. In user interface  538   b , the contact has lifted off from touch screen  112 . In response to the liftoff, display of the further expanded portion media playback slider  502  is maintained. 
       FIG. 5E  illustrates a first series of user interfaces  540 - 542  (occurring at sequential times t 0  and t 1 ) and a second series of user interfaces  544 - 546  (occurring at sequential times t 2  and t 3 ) in which movement of the focus selector  518  along media playback slider  502  occurs, in accordance with some embodiments. The first series of user interfaces  540 - 542  illustrate user interfaces that occur when intensity criteria are not met. The second series of user interfaces  544 - 546  illustrate user interfaces that occur when intensity criteria are met. In the illustrative example of  FIG. 5E , intensity criteria are met when a characteristic intensity of a contact exceeds an intensity threshold IT H , as indicated by intensity meter  522 . 
     In user interface  540 , a contact moves play head  520 - 0  along media playback slider  502 - 0  from a first position indicated by focus selector  518   a  to a second position indicated by focus selector  518   b , as indicated by arrow  548 . A characteristic intensity of the contact has not met first criteria (e.g. the characteristic intensity of the contact has not exceeded an intensity threshold IT H , during and/or prior to the movement of the focus selector along media playback slider  502 - 0 ). 
     In user interface  542 , the value of the media playback slider  502 - 2  (e.g., the position indicated by play head  520 - 1 ) is shifted by a first amount (e.g., shifted from time value 1:00, at focus selector location  518   a  of user interface  540 , to time value 1:40, at focus selector location  518   b  of user interface  542 ). 
     In user interface  544 , a contact moves play head  520 - 2  along media playback slider  502 - 2  from a first position indicated by focus selector  518   c  to a second position indicated by focus selector  518   d , as indicated by arrow  550 . A characteristic intensity of the contact has met the first criteria (e.g. the characteristic intensity of the contact has exceeded the intensity threshold IT H , during and/or prior to the movement of the focus selector along media playback slider  502 - 2 ). 
     In user interface  546 , the value of the media playback slider  502 - 3  (e.g., the position indicated by play head  520 - 3 ) is shifted by a second amount (e.g., shifted from time value 1:20, at focus selector location  518   c  of user interface  544 , to time value 1:40, at focus selector location  518   d  of user interface  546 ). 
       FIGS. 5F-5G  illustrate expansion of a portion of a volume slider  516 , in accordance with some embodiments. 
     In  FIG. 5F , a contact with touch screen  112  is received at a location indicated by focus selector  518 . Focus selector  518  is at a location of volume control  552 . Volume control  552  is a thumb control for volume slider  516 . As a contact with touch screen  112  is moved along volume slider  516  from the location indicated by focus selector  518 , volume control  552  is moved in the direction of the contact&#39;s movement. In some embodiments, the sound level of media playback is increased or decreased based on the position along volume slider  516  indicated by volume control  552 . The characteristic intensity of the contact is indicated by intensity meter  522 . In  FIG. 5F , the characteristic intensity of the contact (as indicated by intensity meter  522 ) is between a contact-detection intensity threshold IT 0  and a hint intensity threshold IT H . 
       FIG. 5G  illustrates a user interface in which an expanded portion of volume slider  516  is displayed, in accordance with some embodiments. In  FIG. 5G , the characteristic intensity of the contact at the location indicated by focus selector  518  has increased to above the hint intensity threshold IT H , as indicated by intensity meter  522 . In comparison with volume slider  516  as shown in  FIG. 5F , volume slider  516  as shown in  FIG. 5G  is vertically expanded. In  FIG. 5G , the appearance of user interface objects  502 ,  504 ,  506 ,  508 ,  510 ,  512 ,  514 , and  520  is maintained (e.g., the appearance of user interface objects  502 ,  504 ,  506 ,  508 ,  510 ,  512 ,  514 , and  520  is not changed from the appearance of these user interface objects in  FIG. 5F ) while the expanded portion of volume slider  516  is displayed. Volume control  552  remains displayed under focus selector  518  when the expanded portion of volume slider  516  is displayed. 
       FIGS. 5H-5I  illustrate expansion of a portion of a video timeline slider  560 , in accordance with some embodiments. 
       FIG. 5H  illustrates a user interface that includes user interface objects, in accordance with some embodiments. The illustrative user interface of  FIG. 5H  includes user interface objects for a video application, including video timeline slider  560  and other user interface objects: video playback window  564 ; video management tools  566 ,  568 ,  570 , and  572 ; back button  574 , and video identification information object  576 . In  FIG. 5H , a contact with touch screen  112  is received at a location indicated by focus selector  518 . Focus selector  518  is at a location of video timeline slider  560 . Video timeline slider  560  is a representation of a video and includes a sequence of eight frames, including frame  562 , indicating various locations (e.g., at periodic intervals) within the video. As a contact with touch screen  112  is moved along video timeline slider  560  from the location indicated by focus selector  518 , a playback position within a video represented by video timeline slider  560  is adjusted (e.g., set at a location within the video indicated by a frame under focus selector  518  or set at a location within an interval between adjacent frames of video timeline based on the location of focus selector  518  within a frame). The characteristic intensity of the contact is indicated by intensity meter  522 . In  FIG. 5H , the characteristic intensity of the contact (as indicated by intensity meter  522 ) is between a contact-detection intensity threshold IT 0  and a hint intensity threshold IT H . 
       FIG. 5I  illustrates a user interface in which an expanded portion of video timeline slider  560  is displayed, in accordance with some embodiments. In  FIG. 5I , the characteristic intensity of the contact at the location indicated by focus selector  518  has increased to above the hint intensity threshold IT H , as indicated by intensity meter  522 . In comparison with video timeline slider  560  as shown in  FIG. 5H , video timeline slider  560  as shown in  FIG. 5I  is expanded. The expanded portion of video timeline slider  560  includes a sequence of four frames. The spans of time between the frames of video timeline slider  560  as shown in  FIG. 5H  are greater than the spans of time between the frames of video timeline slider  560  as shown in  FIG. 5I  (for example, the movement of the kite from frame to frame in video timeline slider  560  of  FIG. 5I  is less than the movement as shown in video timeline slider  560  of  FIG. 5H ). In  FIG. 5I , the appearance of user interface objects  564 ,  566 ,  568 ,  570 ,  572 ,  574 , and  576  is maintained (e.g., the appearance of user interface objects  564 ,  566 ,  568 ,  570 ,  572 ,  574 , and  576  is not changed from the appearance of these user interface objects in  FIG. 5H ) while the expanded portion of video timeline slider  560  is displayed. 
       FIGS. 6A-6S  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for adjusting a property of a user interface element in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in  FIGS. 7A-7D and 8A-8D . Although some of the examples which follow will be given with reference to inputs on a touch-screen display (where the touch-sensitive surface and the display are combined), in some embodiments, the device detects inputs on a touch-sensitive surface  451  that is separate from the display  450 , as shown in  FIG. 4B . 
       FIG. 6A  illustrates a user interface that includes multiple user interface elements, in accordance with some embodiments. User interface elements of  FIG. 6A  include image message  602  (also referred to herein as “image  602 ”), text messages  604  and  606 , messaging controls  610  and  612 , text entry box  614 , back button  616 , messaging information objects  618  and  620 , signal strength indicators  402 , time indicator  404 , and battery status indicator  406 . A contact with touch screen  112  is detected at a location indicated by focus selector  624 . Focus selector  624  is at a location of image  602 . The characteristic intensity of the contact is indicated by intensity meter  622 . In  FIG. 6A , the characteristic intensity of the contact (as indicated by intensity meter  622 ) is between a contact-detection intensity threshold IT 0  and a hint intensity threshold IT H . 
       FIG. 6B  illustrates a user interface in which a property of a user interface element has been adjusted (and an increase in the characteristic intensity of a contact does not meet intensity criteria), in accordance with some embodiments. In the illustrative example of  FIG. 6B , a user interface element that is adjusted is image  602  and the property of image  602  that is adjusted is the area/display size of image  602 . In  FIG. 6B , the characteristic intensity of the contact at the location indicated by focus selector  624  has increased to an intensity level above the hint intensity threshold IT H , as indicated by intensity meter  622 , from an intensity level below the hint intensity threshold IT H  (e.g., as indicated by intensity meter  622  of  FIG. 6A ). In comparison with image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6A , the area/display size of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6B  is expanded. In some embodiments, a presentation layout of image  602  is adjusted (e.g., image  602  transitions from a message balloon format, as shown in  FIG. 6A , to a rectangular format, as shown in  FIG. 6B ). In some embodiments, if an increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact does not meet intensity criteria (such as intensity criteria including a criterion that is met when an intensity level increases above the light press intensity threshold IT L ), when a decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact is detected, the property (e.g., the area/display size) of the user interface element (e.g., image  602 ) returns to its previous value (e.g., image  602 &#39;s original state, as shown in  FIG. 6A ). 
       FIG. 6C  illustrates a user interface in which the property of the user interface element has been returned to its previous value, in accordance with some embodiments. The user interface of  FIG. 6C  is shown, for example, in response to a determination that an increase in the characteristic intensity of a contact (e.g., as described with regard to  FIG. 6B ) did not meet intensity criteria (e.g., the characteristic intensity of the contact in  FIG. 6B  did not increase above the light press intensity threshold IT L ). In  FIG. 6C , the characteristic intensity of the contact at the location indicated by focus selector  624  has decreased to an intensity level below the hint intensity threshold IT H , as indicated by intensity meter  622 . In comparison with image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6B , the area/display size of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6C  is decreased. The area of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6C  is the same as the area of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6A . 
       FIGS. 6D-6F  illustrate user interfaces in which the property of the user interface element has been adjusted and an increase in the characteristic intensity of a contact has met intensity criteria. 
     In  FIG. 6D , the characteristic intensity of the contact at the location indicated by focus selector  624  has increased to an intensity level above a light press intensity threshold IT L , as indicated by intensity meter  622  of  FIG. 6D , from an intensity level below the light press intensity threshold IT L  (e.g., as indicated by intensity meter  622  of  FIG. 6A ). In response to the increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact, image  602  is increased from an initial value (e.g., an initial area/display size of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6A ) to an expanded area/display size as shown in  FIG. 6D . 
     In some embodiments, as shown in  FIGS. 6E-6F , adjusting the property (e.g., increasing the area/display size) of the user interface element (e.g., image  602 ) includes a “rubber band effect” in which the area of image  602  expands beyond a target level of expansion and then returns to the target level of expansion. For example, the adjustment of the area/display size of image  602  from an initial area/display size (e.g. the area/display size of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6A ) to a target level of expansion (e.g., the area/display size of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6D ) includes a first portion in which the area/display size of image  602  expands beyond the target level of expansion (e.g., the area/display size of image  602  expands, as shown in  FIG. 6E , to an area that is larger than the area/display size of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6D ) followed by a second portion in which the area/display size of image  602  decreases to the target level of expansion (e.g., the area/display size of image  602  decreases from the level of expansion shown in  FIG. 6E  to the target level of expansion shown in  FIG. 6F ). The area/display size of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6F  is equal to the area/display size of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6D . 
     In  FIG. 6F , the characteristic intensity of the contact at the location indicated by focus selector  624  has decreased to an intensity level below the light press intensity threshold IT L  (e.g., from an intensity level above the light press intensity threshold IT L  as indicated at  FIG. 6D ). Because the characteristic intensity of the contact met intensity criteria (e.g., the characteristic intensity of the contact increased above IT L ), in response to the decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact, the area/display size of image  602  is maintained at the expanded level reached in  FIG. 6D . 
       FIG. 6G  illustrates a user interface in which the property of the user interface element is reduced from a second value of the property while the property is maintained above a first value of the property. In some embodiments, when a property of a user interface element is maintained above an initial value in response to a decrease in the characteristic intensity of a contact (e.g., area of image  602  is maintained above an initial area/display size of image  602 ), the property is reduced (e.g., until a subsequent intensity increase is detected). For example, an animation showing a continuous reduction in the area/display size of image  602  from the expanded level shown in  FIG. 6F  is shown (e.g., to indicate a “deflation” from the expanded level). In some embodiments, when a property of a user interface element is maintained above an initial value in response to a decrease in the characteristic intensity of a contact, a “rubber band” effect occurs (the area/display size of image  602  is briefly reduced from the expanded level and subsequently returns to the expanded level).  FIG. 6G  illustrates a user interface in which the area/display size of image  602  is reduced to below the expanded level shown in  FIG. 6F , while the area of image  602  is maintained above an initial area (e.g., the area/display size of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6A ). 
       FIGS. 6H-6J  illustrate user interfaces in which the property of the user interface element has been further adjusted in response to a second increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact. 
     In  FIG. 6H , the characteristic intensity of the contact at the location indicated by focus selector  624  has increased to an intensity level above the light press intensity threshold IT L , as indicated by intensity meter  622  of  FIG. 6H , after a previous increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact has been detected (e.g., an increase from an intensity level as indicated by intensity meter  622  in  FIG. 6A  to an intensity level as indicated by intensity meter  622  in  FIG. 6D ), and after a decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact has been detected (e.g., as described with regard to  FIGS. 6D-6G ). In response to the second increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact, the area/display size of image  602  is further increased (e.g., beyond the increase in the area/display size of image  602  from the initial area as indicated in  FIG. 6A  to the expanded area as indicated in  FIG. 6D ). 
       FIGS. 6I-6J  illustrate a “rubber band” effect in which the area/display size of image  602  expands beyond a further expanded area/display size and then returns to the further expanded area/display size. For example, the adjustment of the area/display size of image  602  from an expanded area/display size (e.g. the area/display size of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6D ) to a further expanded area (e.g., the area/display size of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6J ) includes a first portion in which the area/display size of image  602  expands beyond the further expanded area/display size (e.g., in  FIG. 6I , the area/display size of image  602  expands to an area/display size that is larger than the further expanded area/display size of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6H ) followed by a second portion in which the area/display size of image  602  decreases to the further expanded area (e.g., the area/display size of image  602  decreases from the level of expansion shown in  FIG. 6I  to the level of expansion shown in  FIG. 6J ). The area/display size of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6J  is equal to the area/display size of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6H . 
       FIGS. 6K-6M  illustrate user interfaces in which the property of the user interface element has been returned to an initial value in response to liftoff of the contact from touch screen  112 . 
     In  FIG. 6K , the contact has lifted off of touch screen  112 . In response to detecting liftoff of the contact, the area/display size of image  602  is decreased (e.g., from an area/display size of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6J  to an area/display size that is equal to the area/display size of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6A ). 
       FIGS. 6L-6M  illustrate a “rubber band” effect in which the area/display size of image  602  decreases below an initial area/display size of image  602  and then bounces back to the initial area/display size. For example, returning the area/display size of image  602  from an expanded area/display size (e.g. the expanded area/display size of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6F , or the further expanded area/display size of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6J ) to an initial area/display size (e.g., the area/display size of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6A ) includes a first portion in which the area/display size of image  602  decreases below the initial area/display size (e.g., the area/display size of image  602  decreases from an initial area/display size as shown in  FIG. 6K  to a smaller area/display size of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6L ) followed by a second portion in which the area/display size of image  602  increases to the initial area/display size (e.g., the area/display size of image  602  increases from the level of expansion shown in  FIG. 6L  to the initial area/display area of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6M ). The area/display size of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6K  is equal to the area/display size of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6M . 
       FIG. 6N  illustrates a user interfaces in which the property of the user interface element has been maintained above an expanded area/display size in response to liftoff of the contact from touch screen  112 . In  FIG. 6N , the contact has lifted off of touch screen  112 . In response to liftoff of the contact, the area/display size of image  602  is maintained at a constant level (e.g., as shown in  FIG. 6N , image  602  is shown with a further expanded area/display size that is equal to the area/display size of image  602  in  FIG. 6J ). Alternatively, the area/display size of image  602  is reduced (e.g., decreases gradually) below the area/display size of image  602  in  FIG. 6J  while remaining above the area/display size of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6D . 
       FIG. 6O  illustrates a user interface in which a magnification property of a user interface element is adjusted. In  FIG. 6O , the characteristic intensity of the contact at the location indicated by focus selector  624  has increased to an intensity level above the hint intensity threshold IT H , as indicated by intensity meter  622 , from an intensity level below the hint intensity threshold IT H  (e.g., as indicated by intensity meter  622  of  FIG. 6A ). In comparison with image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6A , the level of magnification of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6O  is increased (while the area/display size of image  602  remains the same). In  FIGS. 6A-6N , a magnification level of image  602  is adjusted while the area/display size of image  602  is adjusted. 
       FIG. 6P  illustrates a user interface for a digital content management application that includes multiple user interface elements, in accordance with some embodiments. User interface elements of  FIG. 6P  include media playback slider  632 , lower range value indicator  634 , upper range value indicator  636 , media playback controls (previous track control  638 , pause control  640 , next track control  642 ), content identification information object  644 , volume slider  646 , signal strength indicators  402 , time indicator  404 , and battery status indicator  406 . Media playback slider  632  represents an audio track. Lower range value indicator  634  indicates a time value (0:00) of a position in the audio track corresponding to the left edge of media playback slider  632  and upper range value indicator  636  indicates a time value (2:15) of a position in the audio track corresponding to the right edge of media playback slider  632 . Play progress in the audio track represented by media playback slider  632  has reached time value 1:36, as indicated by the location of play head  650  relative to the time values indicated by lower range value indicator  634  and upper range value indicator  636 . In  FIG. 6P , a contact with touch screen  112  is detected at a location indicated by focus selector  624 . Focus selector  624  is at a location of media playback slider  632 . The characteristic intensity of the contact is indicated by intensity meter  622 . In  FIG. 6P , the characteristic intensity of the contact (as indicated by intensity meter  622 ) is between a contact-detection intensity threshold IT 0  and a hint intensity threshold IT H . 
       FIG. 6Q  illustrates a user interface in which a play progress property of a user interface element is adjusted. In  FIG. 6Q , the characteristic intensity of the contact at the location indicated by focus selector  624  has increased to an intensity level above the hint intensity threshold IT H , as indicated by intensity meter  622 , from an intensity level below the hint intensity threshold IT H  (e.g., as indicated by intensity meter  622  of  FIG. 6P ). In comparison with media playback slider  632  as shown in  FIG. 6P , the play progress in the audio track represented by media playback slider  632  has increased (e.g., reached time value 1:46), as indicated by the location of play head  650  relative to the time values indicated by lower range value indicator  634  and upper range value indicator  636  in  FIG. 6Q . 
       FIG. 6R  illustrates a user interface for a digital content management application that includes multiple user interface elements, in accordance with some embodiments. User interface elements of  FIG. 6R  include media playback slider  632 , lower range value indicator  634 , upper range value indicator  636 , media playback controls (previous track control  638 , pause control  640 , next track control  642 ), content identification information object  644 , volume slider  646 , signal strength indicators  402 , time indicator  404 , and battery status indicator  406 . In  FIG. 6R , a contact with touch screen  112  is detected at a location indicated by focus selector  624 . Focus selector  624  is at a location of volume slider  646 . A first volume level, as indicated by a location of volume control  652  in volume slider  646 , is at about a quarter of the maximum volume level. The characteristic intensity of the contact is indicated by intensity meter  622 . In  FIG. 6R , the characteristic intensity of the contact (as indicated by intensity meter  622 ) is between a contact-detection intensity threshold IT 0  and a hint intensity threshold IT H . 
       FIG. 6S  illustrates a user interface in which a volume property of a user interface element is adjusted. In  FIG. 6S , the characteristic intensity of the contact at the location indicated by focus selector  624  has increased to an intensity level above the light press intensity threshold IT L , as indicated by intensity meter  622 , from an intensity level below the light press intensity threshold IT L  (e.g., as indicated by intensity meter  622  of  FIG. 6R ). In comparison with volume slider  646  as shown in  FIG. 6R , the volume level as shown in  FIG. 6S , has increased (e.g., is at about half of the maximum volume level), as indicated by a location of volume control  652  in volume slider  646  in  FIG. 6S . 
       FIGS. 7A-7D  are flow diagrams illustrating a method  700  of displaying an expanded portion of a slider, in accordance with some embodiments. The method  700  is performed at an electronic device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG. 3 , or portable multifunction device  100 ,  FIG. 1A ) with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is a touch-screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on or integrated with the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method  700  are, optionally, combined and/or the order of some operations is, optionally, changed. 
     As described below, the method  700  provides an intuitive way to display an expanded portion of a slider. The method reduces the number, extent, and/or nature of the inputs from a user when displaying an expanded portion of a slider, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to display an expanded portion of a slider faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     The device ( 702 ) displays a user interface that includes a slider that corresponds to a first range of values and one or more other user interface objects (e.g., controls). Exemplary sliders include, without limitation, media playback slider  502 , video timeline slider  560 , and other progress bars for scrubbing through content (e.g. audio, video, or image gallery); volume slider  516 ; slider controls for brightness adjustment, orientation adjustment (e.g., adjustment of an image in image editor, an object in a document, etc.), and zoom/magnification adjustment; and a scroll bar for navigating through a document or set of documents. A first range of values is, e.g., a range of time values corresponding to all or part of an audio track (such as time values indicated by lower range value indicator  504  and upper range value indicator  506 ). Further examples of a range of values include a range of sound level values, a range of brightness values, and a range of size values. In some embodiments, the other user interface objects (e.g., user interface objects other than the slider) are associated with the same functionality as the slider. For example, previous track control  508 , play/pause control  510 , and next track control  512  are other controls associated with the functionality of media playback slider  502  for scrubbing through media content. In another example, other controls associated with the functionality of a brightness slider include controls for enabling/disabling communication channels (such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth) a flashlight control, a control for airport mode, a control for locking screen orientation, and a sleep mode control (e.g., the other controls in a control center screen). 
     The device detects ( 704 ) a contact on the touch-sensitive surface  112  while a focus selector  518  is at the slider (e.g., media playback slider  502 ). 
     In some embodiments, initial detection of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface occurs ( 706 ) when the focus selector  518  is at a location of a displayed play head in the slider (e.g., play head  520  in media playback slider  502 ). 
     The device detects ( 708 ) (e.g., with the one or more sensors configured to detect intensity of contacts on the touch-sensitive surface) a first increase in a characteristic intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface  112  while the focus selector  518  is at the slider (e.g., media playback slider  502 ). For example, in user interfaces  530 - 532  of  FIG. 5D , a contact occurs at the location indicated by focus selector  518 - 1 / 518 - 2  at media playback slider  502 - 0 / 502 - 1 . A characteristic intensity of the contact increases from below IT H , as indicated at intensity level meter  522  shown adjacent to user interface  530 , to above IT H , as indicated at intensity level meter  522  shown adjacent to user interface  532 . 
     In response to detecting the first increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface  112  and in accordance with a determination that the characteristic intensity of the contact meets intensity criteria, the device displays ( 710 ) an expanded portion, less than all, of the slider (e.g., media playback slider  502 ) while maintaining an appearance of the one or more other user interface objects (e.g., user interface objects  508 ,  510 ,  512 ,  514 , and  516 ). In some embodiments, the intensity criteria include a criterion that is met when a characteristic intensity of the contact (as indicated by intensity meter  522 ) increases above a first threshold, such as above a hint intensity threshold IT H , or above another static or dynamically determined preview intensity threshold. For example, in  FIG. 5D , when the characteristic intensity of the contact increases above IT H  while focus selector  518 - 1  is at media playback slider  502 - 1 , as shown at user interface  532 , an expanded portion of media playback slider  502 - 1  is shown. In some embodiments, displaying an expanded portion includes expanding a vertical dimension of a slider (e.g., vertically expanding an audio waveform as shown at user interface  532 ), expanding a horizontal dimension of the slider (e.g., horizontally expanding the slider to widen its width), expanding both a vertical dimension and a horizontal dimension of the slider. In some embodiments, expansion results in replacing display of a document (e.g., a book) with a section of the document (the section is, e.g., a chapter or a page). In some embodiments, liftoff of the contact from touch screen  112  returns the slider to its pre-expanded state (e.g., as shown in user interface  538   a  in  FIG. 5D ). 
     In some embodiments, displaying an expanded portion of the slider includes modifying ( 712 ) range indicator values (e.g., time markers for audio/video, document section titles/markers, numerical representations of volume, brightness, angle, etc.) that are displayed on or adjacent to the slider. For example, the time values indicated by lower range value indicator  504  and upper range value indicator  506  are modified when media playback slider  502  is expanded from an initial state, as shown in  FIG. 5A , to an expanded state, as shown in  FIG. 5B , and to a further expanded state, as shown in  FIG. 5C . 
     In some embodiments, in response to detecting the first increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface and in accordance with a determination that the characteristic intensity of the contact does not meet the first intensity criteria (e.g., the characteristic intensity of the contact does not increase above IT H ), the device maintains ( 714 ) the appearance of the slider and the one or more other controls without displaying an expanded portion of the slider. 
     In some embodiments, the device detects ( 716 ) movement of the focus  518  selector along the slider (e.g., media playback slider  502 ). In response to detecting movement of the focus selector  518  along the slider: in accordance with a determination that the first intensity criteria were met (e.g., a characteristic intensity of the contact increased above an intensity threshold, such as IT H ), the device shifts a current value of the slider by a first amount, and in accordance with a determination that the first intensity criteria were not met, the device shifts a current value of the slider by a second amount different from the first amount. For example, a gesture along a progress indicator that is not expanded (e.g., because the characteristic intensity of the contact did not meet the first intensity criteria) results in a larger adjustment relative to the same distance of gesture along a progress indicator that is expanded. 
     In an illustrative example, as shown in user interfaces  540 - 542  of  FIG. 5E , focus selector  518  moves along media playback slider  502 - 0  from a first position  518   a  to a second position  518   b , as indicated by arrow  548 . In accordance with a determination that the characteristic intensity of the contact did not increase above an intensity threshold IT H  (e.g., while the contact moved along media playback slider  502 - 0  and/or prior to movement of the contact along media playback slider  502 - 0 ), the current value of the slider (e.g., as indicated by play head  520 - 0 ) is shifted by a first amount (e.g., shifted from time value 1:00, at focus selector location  518   a  of user interface  540 , to time value 1:40, at focus selector location  518   b  of user interface  542 ). As shown in user interfaces  544 - 546  of  FIG. 5E , focus selector  518  moves along media playback slider  502 - 2  from a first position  518   c  to a second position  518   d , as indicated by arrow  550 . In accordance with a determination that the characteristic intensity of the contact increased above an intensity threshold (e.g., while the contact moved along media playback slider  502 - 2  and/or prior to movement of the contact along media playback slider  502 - 2 ), the current value of the slider (e.g., as indicated by play head  520 - 2 ) is shifted by a second amount (e.g., shifted from time value 1:20, at focus selector location  518   c  of user interface  544 , to time value 1:40, at focus selector location  518   d  of user interface  546 ). 
     In some embodiments, a thumb control (e.g., play head  520 , volume control  552 , or other sliding control for selecting value along slider) for the slider (e.g. media playback slider  502 , volume slider  516 , or another slider) remains displayed ( 718 ) under the focus selector when the expanded portion of the slider is displayed. For example, play head  520  remains displayed under focus selector  518  when an expanded portion of media playback slider  502  is displayed, as shown in  FIG. 5B . In some embodiments, the width of the slider expands to the left and to the right so that the thumb control remains centered under the slider. 
     In some embodiments, after expanding the slider, the device detects ( 720 ) a first decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface while the focus selector is at the slider. For example, in  FIG. 5D , a characteristic intensity of the contact decreases from above an intensity threshold IT H , as indicated by intensity meter  522 - 1  adjacent to user interface  532 , to below IT H , as indicated by intensity meter  522 - 2  adjacent to user interface  534 . In response to detecting the first decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact, the device maintains ( 722 ) display of the expanded portion of the slider (e.g., at the same level of expansion). For example, in  FIG. 5D , user interface  534  shows the same expanded portion of media playback slider  502 - 2  as is shown in media playback slider  502 - 1  of user interface  532 . After detecting the decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact and while the expanded portion of the slider is displayed, the device detects ( 724 ) a second increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface while the focus selector is at the slider. The second increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact is an increase below, equal to, or above the first increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact (e.g., an increase to above IT H , an increase to above IT L , or an increase to another intensity level). For example, in  FIG. 5D , after the decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact as shown in user interfaces  532 - 534 , the characteristic intensity increases from below intensity threshold IT H , as indicated by intensity meter  522 - 2  adjacent to user interface  534 , to above IT H , as indicated intensity meter  522 - 3  shown adjacent to user interface  536 . In response to detecting the second increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact, the device displays ( 726 ) a further expanded portion of the slider. For example, in  FIG. 5D , in response to detecting the second increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact as shown in user interfaces  534 - 536 , user interface  536  displays a further increased media playback slider  502 - 3 . In some embodiments, liftoff of the contact returns the slider to its pre-expanded state (e.g., as shown in user interface  538   a  of  FIG. 5D ). In some embodiments, the slider maintains its current state of expansion on liftoff of the contact (e.g., as shown in user interface  538   b , presented when a contact is lifted off while user interface  536  is displayed). In some embodiments, an amount of expansion of the portion of the slider is determined by an amount and/or speed of change of intensity of the contact. 
     In some embodiments, after expanding the slider, the device detects ( 728 ) a first decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface while the focus selector is at the slider. In response to detecting the first decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact, the device displays ( 730 ) the slider with reduced expansion. In some embodiments, in response to detecting the first decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact, the displayed slider is returned to its initial state (e.g., the slider is displayed with no expansion). 
     In some embodiments, a magnification within the expanded portion of the slider increases ( 732 ) as the characteristic intensity of the contact increases. 
     In some embodiments, the slider is a progress indicator ( 734 ) for media content (e.g., a progress indicator for an audio track, such as media playback slider  502 ; a progress indicator for video content, such as video timeline slider  560 , or another progress indicator), the first range of values includes a first sequence of frames (e.g., a sequence of frames  560  including frame  562  as shown in  FIG. 5H ) of the media content (e.g., video), and displaying an expanded portion of the slider (e.g., video timeline slider  560 ) includes displaying a second sequence of frames of the media content, wherein spans of time between frames of the first sequence of frames of the media content are greater than spans of time between frames of the second sequence of video frames of the media content. For example, the span of time between the first frame and the second frame of video timeline slider  560  as shown in  FIG. 5H  is greater than the span of time between the first frame and the second frame of the expanded portion of video timeline slider  560  as shown in  FIG. 5I . 
     In some embodiments, while detecting the first increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface  112 , the device provides ( 736 ), by the touch-sensitive surface  112 , tactile output. For example, the tactile output may include a haptic detent, which may occur, for example, when first intensity criteria are met, when the characteristic intensity of the contact increases above one or more intensity thresholds (e.g., IT H , IT L , or IT D , as indicated by intensity meter  522 , or above another static or dynamically determined intensity threshold), periodically as intensity increases, and/or on lateral movement of the contact across touch screen  112  (e.g., movement of a contact as indicated in user interfaces  540 - 542  and/or as indicated in user interfaces  544 - 546  of  FIG. 5E ). In some embodiments, tactile output is also provided during a first decrease in the characteristic intensity, during a second increase in the characteristic intensity, and/or during a subsequent increase or decrease in intensity. 
     In some embodiments, the tactile output occurs ( 738 ) in response to detecting that a current value (e.g., as indicated by a thumb control a progress indicator, or other contact on the slider, such volume control  552  on volume slider  516 , play head  520  on media playback slider  502 , or a contact on video timeline slider  560 ) of the slider has changed to a predefined reference value within the slider in response to user input. A predefined reference value is, e.g., a reference value that is defined for a slider, such as a chapter, track, or track subdivision boundary in a document, audio content, or video content; lx zoom for an image; 90 degree rotation of an image or object; or a horizon lock rotation value for a photo. For example, as a contact moves across video timeline slider  560 , tactile output occurs each time a boundary of a respective frame  562  is crossed. In another example, as play head  520  moves across media playback slider  502 , tactile output occurs each time a boundary of a track subdivision is crossed. In some embodiments, a tactile output is generated in response to determining that the current value of the slider has changed away from the predefined reference value in response to user input (e.g., when the thumb control or progress indicator moves away from the predefined reference value). In some embodiments, a tactile output is generated only when the current value has changed to the predefined reference value but not when the current value has changed away from the predefined reference value. In some embodiments the tactile output is generated in conjunction with snapping behavior where the current value of the slider snaps to the predefined reference value when the current value is moved (in response to user input) within a predefined distance of the predefined reference value. 
     In some embodiments, immediately prior to detecting the contact on the touch-sensitive surface  112 , the slider (e.g., media playback slider  502 ) has a first value (e.g., as indicated by a position of play head  520 ); while the contact is detected on the touch-sensitive surface, the current value of the slider changes to a second value (e.g., in response to a dragging input with the contact, such as a movement of play head  520 - 0  along a path from focus selector position  518   a  to focus selector  518   b  of  FIG. 5E ); and the tactile output occurs ( 740 ) in response to detecting that a current value of the slider has changed back to the first value in response to user input (e.g., play head  520 - 0  is returned to position  518   a  from position  518   b ). For example, a tactile output is generated to indicate that the thumb has returned to its original position to provide the user with feedback to enable the user to return the original position within the content. In some embodiments, a tactile output (e.g., with a same characteristic waveform or a different characteristic waveform from the tactile output provided in conjunction with snapping behavior) is generated in response to determining that the current value has changed away from the first value in response to user input (e.g., when the thumb moves away from the predefined reference value). In some embodiments, a tactile output is generated only when the current value has changed to the first value but not when the current value has changed away from the first value. In some embodiments the tactile output is generated in conjunction with snapping behavior where the current value of the slider snaps to the first value when the current value is moved (in response to user input) within a predefined distance of the first value. 
     It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in  FIGS. 7A-7D  have been described is merely exemplary and is not intended to indicate that the described order is the only order in which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to reorder the operations described herein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processes described herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g., method  800 ) are also applicable in an analogous manner to method  700  described above with respect to  FIGS. 7A-7D . For example, the contacts, gestures, user interface objects, tactile outputs, intensity thresholds, focus selectors, and animations described above with reference to method  700  optionally have one or more of the characteristics of the contacts, gestures, user interface objects, tactile outputs, intensity thresholds, focus selectors, and animations described herein with reference to other methods described herein (e.g., method  800 ). For brevity, these details are not repeated here. 
       FIGS. 8A-8D  are flow diagrams illustrating a method  800  of adjusting a property of a user interface element in accordance with some embodiments. The method  800  is performed at an electronic device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG. 3 , or portable multifunction device  100 ,  FIG. 1A ) with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is a touch-screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on or integrated with the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method  800  are, optionally, combined and/or the order of some operations is, optionally, changed. 
     As described below, the method  800  provides an intuitive way to adjust a property of a user interface element. The method reduces the number, extent, and/or nature of the inputs from a user when adjusting a property of a user interface element, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to adjust a property of a user interface element faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     The device displays ( 802 ) a user interface that includes one or more user interface elements. For example, user interface elements of a user interface shown in  FIG. 6A  include an image message  602 , text messages  604  and  606 , messaging controls  610  and  612 , text entry box  614 , back button  616 , messaging information objects  618  and  620 , signal strength indicators  402 , time  404 , and battery status indicator  406 . 
     The device detects ( 804 ) a contact on the touch-sensitive surface  112 . For example, the contact is detected at a location indicated by focus selector  624 . 
     While detecting ( 806 ) the contact on the touch-sensitive surface  112 , the device detects ( 808 ) (e.g., with the one or more sensors configured to detect intensity of contacts on the touch-sensitive surface) a first increase in a characteristic intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface  112 . For example, a first increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact may be an increase above an intensity threshold IT H  (e.g., an increase from the intensity level indicated by intensity meter  622  shown in  FIG. 6A  to the intensity level indicated by intensity meter  622  in  FIG. 6B ), the first increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact may be an increase above an intensity threshold IT L  (e.g., an increase from the intensity level indicated by intensity meter  622  shown in  FIG. 6A  to the intensity level indicated by intensity meter  622  in  FIG. 6D ), or the first increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact is an increase above another static or dynamically determined intensity threshold. 
     In response to detecting the first increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact, the device adjusts ( 810 ) a property of a first user interface element of the one or more user interface elements in the user interface from a first value to a second value. For example, as shown in  FIG. 6A , a first user interface element is, e.g., image  602  and the property of the first user interface element is, e.g., an area/display size of image  602 . The area/display size of image  602  is adjusted from an initial value (e.g., as shown in  FIG. 6A ) to an increased value (e.g., as shown in  FIG. 6B  and as shown in  FIG. 6D ). In some embodiments, increasing the value of a property of the first user interface element also increases the value of a corresponding property of the entire user interface, such as a magnification level. In some embodiments, an amount of increase in the value of the property is determined based on the amount of increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact (e.g., the more the characteristic intensity of the contact increases, the more the value of the property increases). 
     In some embodiments, the property is a magnification factor ( 812 ) of the first user interface element. For example, the magnification of image  602  is adjusted as described with regard to  FIGS. 6A-6O . In some embodiments, the area/display size of the user interface element remains constant as the magnification factor of the first user interface element is adjusted. For example, as shown in the transition of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6A  to image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6O , the area/display size of image  602  remains constant as image  602  is magnified. In some embodiments, the area/display size of image  602  increases as the magnification of image  602  is increased. For example, as shown in the transition of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6C  to image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6D , the area/display size of image  602  increases as image  602  is magnified. 
     In some embodiments, the property is play progress ( 814 ) (e.g., the user interface element is a representation of media content, such as an audio track or a video) and adjusting the property includes advancing progress in the media content. For example, progress in an audio track is advanced from a first point in the audio track, as indicated by a position of play head  650  along media playback slider  632  in  FIG. 6P , to a second point in the audio track, as indicated by a position of play head  650  along media playback slider  632  in  FIG. 6Q . In some embodiments, adjusting play progress occurs when focus selector  624  is at a location of a media playback slider  632 , as indicated in  FIGS. 6P-6Q . In some embodiments, adjusting play progress occurs when focus selector is at a location other than media playback slider  632 . 
     In some embodiments, the property is a volume level ( 816 ). For example, a volume level is increased from a first volume level, as indicated by a position of volume control  652  along volume slider  646  in the user interface of  FIG. 6R , to a second volume level, as indicated by a position of volume control  652  along volume slider  646  in the user interface of  FIG. 6S . In some embodiments, adjusting the volume level occurs when focus selector  624  is at a location of a volume slider  646 , as indicated in  FIGS. 6R-6S . In some embodiments, adjusting volume level occurs when focus selector is at a location other than volume slider  646 . 
     In some embodiments, an amount of the adjustment from the first value to the second value is determined ( 818 ) based on the first increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact. For example, the amount of the adjustment from the first value to the second value is directly proportional to an amount of increase in the characteristic intensity. In some embodiments, adjustment from a second value to a third value is determined based on a second increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact. For example, the amount of the adjustment from the second value to the third value is directly proportional to an amount of increase in the characteristic intensity. In some embodiments, an amount of the adjustment from the third value to the first value is based on a first decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact. For example, the amount of the adjustment from the third value to the first value is directly proportional to an amount of decrease in the characteristic intensity. 
     After adjusting the property of the first user interface element, the device detects ( 820 ) a first decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact (e.g., a decrease below an intensity threshold IT H  as indicated by intensity meter  622 ). For example, the device detects a decrease as indicated by the transition from the intensity level indicated by intensity meter  622  shown in  FIG. 6D  to the intensity level indicated by intensity meter  622  shown in  FIG. 6F . 
     In response to detecting the first decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact, in accordance with a determination that the first increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact met intensity criteria (e.g., that the characteristic intensity of the contact increased above a intensity threshold, such as a light press intensity threshold IT L  as indicated by intensity meter  622 , or another statically or dynamically determined intensity threshold), the device maintains ( 822 ) the property of the first user interface element above the first value (e.g., the device maintains the property of the first user interface element at the second value). For example, as a result of an increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact above IT L , as indicated by intensity meter  622  of  FIG. 6D , when a decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact is detected, as indicated by intensity meter  622  of  FIG. 6F , the area/display size of image  602  is maintained above the initial area/display size of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6A . In  FIG. 6F , the area/display size of image  602  remains at the expanded level (e.g., the expanded area/display size as shown in  FIG. 6D ). 
     In some embodiments, maintaining the property of the first user interface element above the first value in response to detecting the first decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact includes ( 824 ) maintaining the property at a constant value above the first value. For example, in response to a detected first decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact, the area of image  602  remains at the expanded level as shown in  FIG. 6F . 
     In some embodiments, maintaining the property of the first user interface element above the first value in response to detecting the first decrease in intensity of the contact includes ( 826 ) reducing the property of the first user interface element below the second value. For example, as shown in  FIG. 6G , in response to a detected first decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact, the area/display size of image  602  decreases to below the expanded level shown in  FIG. 6F  (e.g., to produce a “deflation” effect between “inflations” of the property of the user interface element in response to detected increases in the characteristic intensity of the contact). In some embodiments, reducing the property of the first user interface element below the second value is continuous from when (e.g., the instant at which) the first decrease in intensity of the contact is detected until a subsequent increase in intensity of the contact is detected. In some embodiments, reducing the property of the first user interface element below the second value continues until the property of the first user interface element returns to just above the first value (e.g., the area/display size of image  602  decreases to just above the area/display size of image  602  shown in  FIG. 6A ), such as within a determined margin of the first value. In some embodiments, the reduction in the property of the first user interface element below the second value is limited to a determined margin of the second value (e.g., the reduction in the area/display size of image  602  is limited to a 10% reduction in area from the expanded area/display size of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6D  while the contact with touch screen  112  is maintained). 
     In some embodiments, the intensity criteria include ( 828 ) a requirement that the characteristic intensity of the contact increases at or above a threshold rate during the first increase in the characteristic intensity. For example, a quick press (e.g., a jab) by the contact that that increases the characteristic intensity of the contact at or above a threshold rate satisfies the intensity criteria. 
     After detecting the decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact and while the property of the first user interface element is above the first value, the device detects ( 830 ) a second increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact. For example, a characteristic intensity of the contact increases from the intensity level indicated by intensity meter  622  shown in  FIG. 6F  to the intensity level indicated by intensity meter  622  shown in  FIG. 6H . In some embodiments, the intensity level reached by the second increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact is the same as, less than, or greater than the intensity level reached by the first increase in characteristic intensity. 
     In response to detecting the second increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact, the device adjusts ( 832 ) the property of the first user interface element to a third value that is greater than the second value. For example, the area/display size of image  602  is adjusted from an expanded value as shown in  FIG. 6D  to a further expanded value, as shown in  FIG. 6H . In some embodiments, the amount of increase in the property is determined based on the amount of increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact (e.g., the more the characteristic intensity of the contact increases, the more the value of the property increases). 
     In some embodiments, after increasing the property of the first user interface element to the third value, the device detects ( 834 ) liftoff of the contact and the device maintains the property of the first user interface element above the second value (e.g., the device maintain the property of the first user interface at the third value). For example, as shown in  FIG. 6N , in response to detecting liftoff of the contact from touch sensitive surface  112 , the area/display size of image  602  is maintained above the expanded area/display size of image  602  (e.g., the area/display size of image  602  is maintained at the further expanded level as shown in  FIG. 6H ). In  FIG. 6N , the area/display size of image  602  remains at the further expanded level (e.g., the further expanded level as shown in  FIG. 6J ). In some embodiments, maintaining the property of the first user interface element above the second value in response to detecting the first decrease in intensity of the contact includes reducing the property of the first user interface element below the third value. 
     In some embodiments, in response to detecting the first decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact, in accordance with a determination that the first increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact did not meet the intensity criteria (e.g., the characteristic intensity of the contact did not increase above an intensity threshold, e.g., the light press intensity threshold IT L  as indicated by intensity meter  622 , or another statically or dynamically determined intensity threshold) the device returns ( 836 ) the property of the first user interface element to the first value. For example, after an increase in the area of image  602  occurs, as shown in  FIGS. 6A-6B , because the characteristic intensity of the contact did not increase above IT L  (e.g., as indicated by intensity meter  622  as shown in  FIG. 6B ), when a decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact occurs (e.g., as indicated by intensity meter  622  as shown in  FIG. 6C ), the area/display size of the image  602  is returned to the initial value of the area/display size of the image (e.g., the area/display size of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6C  is equal to the initial area/display size of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6A ). 
     In some embodiments, after increasing the property of the first user interface element to the third value, the device detects liftoff of the contact and the device returns ( 838 ) the property of the first user interface element to the first value. For example, as shown in  FIG. 6K , the area/display size of image  602  returns to an initial area/display size when liftoff of the contact occurs (e.g., the area/display size of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6K  is equal to the initial area/display size of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6A ). 
     In some embodiments, returning the property of the first user interface element to the first value includes ( 840 ) a first portion showing a decrease of the property of the first user interface element from the second value to a fourth value, followed by a second portion showing an increase from the fourth value to the first value. For example, as the area/display size of image  602  is returned to an initial area/display size (e.g., as the area/display size of image  602  is reduced from a further expanded level as shown in  FIG. 6J  to an initial level as shown in  FIG. 6K , or as the area/display size of image  602  is reduced from an expanded level as shown in  FIG. 6B  to an initial level as shown in FIG.  6 C), the area/display size of image  602  decreases to a reduced level (e.g., decreases from the initial area/display size as shown in  FIG. 6K  to a reduced area/display size as shown in  FIG. 6L ), followed by a return to the initial area/display size of image  602  (e.g., increases from the reduced area/display size as shown in  FIG. 6L  to the initial area/display size as shown in  FIG. 6M ). 
     In some embodiments, adjusting the property of the first user interface element from the first value to the second value includes ( 842 ) a first portion showing an increase of the property of the first user interface element from the first value to a fifth value, followed by a second portion showing a decrease from the fifth value to the second value. For example, as the area/display size of image  602  increases from an initial area/display size (e.g., as shown in  FIG. 6A ) to an expanded area/display size (e.g., as shown in  FIG. 6F ), the expanded area/display size increases (e.g., increases from the target expanded area/display size as shown in  FIG. 6D  to a larger area/display size as shown in  FIG. 6E ), followed by a return to the expanded area/display size of image  602  (e.g., decreases from the larger area/display size as shown in  FIG. 6E  to the target expanded area/display size as shown in  FIG. 6F ). 
     In some embodiments, adjusting the property of the first user interface element to the third value includes ( 844 ) a first portion showing an increase of the property of the first user interface element from the second value to a sixth value, followed by a second portion showing a decrease from the sixth value to the third value. For example, as the area/display size of image  602  increases from an expanded area/display size (e.g., as shown in  FIG. 6F ) to a further expanded area/display size (e.g., as shown in  FIG. 6H ), the further expanded area/display size increases (e.g., increases from the target further expanded area/display size as shown in  FIG. 6H  to a larger area/display size as shown in  FIG. 6I ), followed by a return to the further expanded area/display size of image  602  (e.g., decreases from a larger area/display size as shown in  FIG. 6I  to the target further expanded area/display size as shown in  FIG. 6J ). 
     In some embodiments, adjusting the property of the first user interface element includes ( 846 ) dynamically adjusting the appearance of the first user interface element. For example, a dynamic adjustment of an appearance of the first user interface element includes graphical adjustment to the entire first user interface element (e.g., adjusting an area of image  602 ), graphical adjustment along one or more axes of the first user interface element (e.g., stretching a first user interface element in a vertical direction, in a horizontal direction, and/or in a z-axis direction), replacement of a first representation of the first user interface element (e.g., document title) with an alternative representation of the first user interface element (e.g., sub-section title), or adjustment of spacing between frames of video. 
     In some embodiments, the device dynamically adjusts ( 848 ) the appearance of the first user interface element based on detected changes in the characteristic intensity of the contact. For example, adjustment of the appearance of the first user interface element is directly proportional to the characteristic intensity of the contact and/or based on an increase above or decrease below an intensity threshold. 
     In some embodiments, the device adjusts ( 850 ) the appearance of the first user interface element based on a respective increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact, wherein the appearance of the first user interface element is not adjusted when a respective decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact occurs. In some embodiments, the dynamic adjustment of the appearance of the first user interface element only tracks the intensity of the contact when the intensity of the contact is increasing, but does not track the intensity of the contact when the intensity of the contact is decreasing. For example, the area of image  602  expands when increases in characteristic intensity of the contact occur (e.g., as indicated by the expansion of the area/display size of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6A  to the area/display size of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6D , and as indicated by the expansion of the area/display size of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6D  to the area/display size of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6F ). The area/display size of image  602  does not decrease when decreases in characteristic intensity of the contact occur (e.g., the area/display size of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6D  is maintained as shown in  FIG. 6F , and the area/display size of image  602  as shown in  FIG. 6H  is maintained as shown in  FIG. 6J ). 
     In some embodiments, the contact is initially detected ( 852 ) when a focus selector  624  is at the first user interface element. For example, a contact at a location indicated by focus selector  624  is initially detected when the focus selector  624  is at a user interface element (e.g., focus selector  624  is at image  602  as shown in  FIGS. 6A-6I , at media playback slider  632  as shown in  FIGS. 6P-6Q , or at volume control  652  as shown in  FIGS. 6R-6S ). 
     It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in  FIGS. 8A-8D  have been described is merely exemplary and is not intended to indicate that the described order is the only order in which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to reorder the operations described herein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processes described herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g., method  700 ) are also applicable in an analogous manner to method  800  described above with respect to  FIGS. 8A-8D . For example, the contacts, user interface objects, intensity thresholds, focus selectors, and animations described above with reference to method  800  optionally have one or more of the characteristics of the contacts, user interface objects, intensity thresholds, focus selectors, and animations described herein with reference to other methods described herein (e.g., method  700 ). For brevity, these details are not repeated here. 
     In accordance with some embodiments,  FIG. 9  shows a functional block diagram of an electronic device  900  configured in accordance with the principles of the various described embodiments. The functional blocks of the device are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of the various described embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill in the art that the functional blocks described in  FIG. 9  are, optionally, combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of the various described embodiments. Therefore, the description herein optionally supports any possible combination or separation or further definition of the functional blocks described herein. 
     As shown in  FIG. 9 , an electronic device  900  includes a display unit  902  configured to display a user interface, a touch-sensitive surface unit  904  configured to receive contacts, one or more sensor units  906  configured to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit  904 ; and a processing unit  908  coupled with the display unit  902 , the touch-sensitive surface unit  904  and the one or more sensor units  906 . In some embodiments, the processing unit  908  includes: a display enabling unit  910 , a detecting unit  912 , a maintaining unit  914 , a shifting unit  916 , and a providing unit  918 . 
     The processing unit  908  is configured to: enable display (e.g., with display enabling unit  910 ), on the display unit  902  of a user interface that includes: a slider that corresponds to a first range of values, and one or more other user interface objects; detect (e.g., with detecting unit  912 ) a contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit while a focus selector is at the slider; detect (e.g., with the detecting unit  912 ) a first increase in a characteristic intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit while the focus selector is at the slider; and, in response to detecting the first increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit and in accordance with a determination that the characteristic intensity of the contact meets intensity criteria: enable display (e.g., with display enabling unit  910 ) of an expanded portion, less than all, of the slider while maintaining an appearance of the one or more other user interface objects. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  908  is configured to: after expanding the slider, detect (e.g., with the detecting unit  912 ) a first decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit while the focus selector is at the slider; in response to detecting the first decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact, maintain (e.g., with the maintaining unit  914 ) display of the expanded portion of the slider; after detecting the decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact and while the expanded portion of the slider is displayed, detect (e.g., with the detecting unit  912 ) a second increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit while the focus selector is at the slider; and, in response to detecting the second increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact, enable display (e.g., with display enabling unit  910 ) of a further expanded portion of the slider. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  908  is configured to, after expanding the slider, detect (e.g., with the detecting unit  912 ) a first decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit while the focus selector is at the slider; and, in response to detecting the first decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact, enable display (e.g., with display enabling unit  910 ) of the slider with reduced expansion. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  908  is configured to, in response to detecting the first increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit  904  and in accordance with a determination that the characteristic intensity of the contact does not meet the first intensity criteria, maintain (e.g., with the maintaining unit  914 ) the appearance of the slider and the one or more other controls without displaying an expanded portion of the slider. 
     In some embodiments, enabling display of an expanded portion of the slider includes modifying range indicator values that are displayed on or adjacent to the slider. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  908  is configured to detect (e.g., with the detecting unit  912 ) movement of the focus selector along the slider; and, in response to detecting movement of the focus selector along the slider: in accordance with a determination that the first intensity criteria were met, shift (e.g., with the shifting unit  916 ) a current value of the slider by a first amount; and in accordance with a determination that the first intensity criteria were not met, shift (e.g., with the shifting unit  916 ) a current value of the slider by a second amount different from the first amount. 
     In some embodiments, initial detection of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit  904  occurs when the focus selector is at a location of a displayed play head in the slider. 
     In some embodiments, a thumb control for the slider remains displayed under the focus selector when the expanded portion of the slider is displayed. 
     In some embodiments, a magnification within the expanded portion of the slider increases as the characteristic intensity of the contact increases. 
     In some embodiments, the slider is a progress indicator for media content, the first range of values includes a first sequence of frames of the media content and, enabling display of an expanded portion of the slider includes enabling display of a second sequence of frames of the media content, wherein spans of time between frames of the first sequence of frames of the media content are greater than spans of time between frames of the second sequence of video frames of the media content. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  908  is configured to: while detecting the first increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit  904 , provide (e.g., with the providing unit  918 ), by the touch-sensitive surface unit  904 , tactile output. 
     In some embodiments, the tactile output occurs in response to detecting that a current value of the slider has changed to a predefined reference value within the slider in response to user input. 
     In some embodiments, immediately prior to detecting the contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit  904 , the slider has a first value; while the contact is detected on the touch-sensitive surface unit  904 , the current value of the slider changes to a second value; and the tactile output occurs in response to detecting that a current value of the slider has changed back to the first value in response to user input. 
     The operations described above with reference to  FIGS. 7A-7D  are, optionally, implemented by components depicted in  FIGS. 1A-1B  or  FIG. 9 . For example, detection operations  704  and  706  are, optionally, implemented by event sorter  170 , event recognizer  180 , and event handler  190 . Event monitor  171  in event sorter  170  detects a contact on touch-sensitive display  112 , and event dispatcher module  174  delivers the event information to application  136 - 1 . A respective event recognizer  180  of application  136 - 1  compares the event information to respective event definitions  186 , and determines whether a first contact at a first location on the touch-sensitive surface (or whether rotation of the device) corresponds to a predefined event or sub-event, such as selection of an object on a user interface, or rotation of the device from one orientation to another. When a respective predefined event or sub-event is detected, event recognizer  180  activates an event handler  190  associated with the detection of the event or sub-event. Event handler  190  optionally uses or calls data updater  176  or object updater  177  to update the application internal state  192 . In some embodiments, event handler  190  accesses a respective GUI updater  178  to update what is displayed by the application. Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in the art how other processes can be implemented based on the components depicted in  FIGS. 1A-1B . 
     In accordance with some embodiments,  FIG. 10  shows a functional block diagram of an electronic device  1000  configured in accordance with the principles of the various described embodiments. The functional blocks of the device are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of the various described embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill in the art that the functional blocks described in  FIG. 10  are, optionally, combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of the various described embodiments. Therefore, the description herein optionally supports any possible combination or separation or further definition of the functional blocks described herein. 
     As shown in  FIG. 10 , an electronic device  1000  includes a display unit  1002  configured to display a user interface, a touch-sensitive surface unit  1004  configured to receive contacts, one or more sensor units  1006  configured to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit  1004 ; and a processing unit  1008  coupled with the display unit  1002 , the touch-sensitive surface unit  1004  and the one or more sensor units  1006 . In some embodiments, the processing unit  1008  includes: a display enabling unit  1010 , a detecting unit  1012 , an adjusting unit  1014 , a maintaining unit  1016 , and a returning unit  1018 . 
     The processing unit  1008  is configured to enable display (e.g., with the display enabling unit  1010 ), on the display unit, of a user interface that includes one or more user interface elements; detect (e.g., with the detecting unit  1012 ) a contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit; and, while detecting the contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit: detect (e.g., with the detecting unit  1012 ) a first increase in a characteristic intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit; in response to detecting the first increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact, adjust (e.g., with the adjusting unit  1014 ) a property of a first user interface element of the one or more user interface elements in the user interface from a first value to a second value; after adjusting the property of the first user interface element, detect (e.g., with the detecting unit  1012 ) a first decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact; in response to detecting the first decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact, in accordance with a determination that the first increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact met intensity criteria, maintain (e.g., with the maintaining unit  1016 ) the property of the first user interface element above the first value; after detecting the decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact and while the property of the first user interface element is above the first value, detect (e.g., with the detecting unit  1012 ) a second increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact; and, in response to detecting the second increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact, adjust (e.g., with the adjusting unit  1014 ) the property of the first user interface element to a third value that is greater than the second value. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to, after increasing the property of the first user interface element to the third value, detect (e.g., with the detecting unit  1012 ) liftoff of the contact and maintain (e.g., with the maintaining unit  1016 ) the property of the first user interface element above the second value. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to, in response to detecting the first decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact, in accordance with a determination that the first increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact did not meet the intensity criteria, return (e.g., with the returning unit  1018 ) the property of the first user interface element to the first value. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to, after increasing the property of the first user interface element to the third value, detect (e.g., with the detecting unit  1012 ) liftoff of the contact and return (e.g., with the returning unit  1018 ) the property of the first user interface element to the first value. 
     In some embodiments, returning the property of the first user interface element to the first value includes a first portion showing a decrease of the property of the first user interface element from the second value to a fourth value, followed by a second portion showing an increase from the fourth value to the first value. 
     In some embodiments, adjusting the property of the first user interface element from the first value to the second value includes a first portion showing an increase of the property of the first user interface element from the first value to a fifth value, followed by a second portion showing a decrease from the fifth value to the second value. 
     In some embodiments, adjusting the property of the first user interface element to the third value includes a first portion showing an increase of the property of the first user interface element from the second value to a sixth value, followed by a second portion showing a decrease from the sixth value to the third value. 
     In some embodiments, maintaining the property of the first user interface element above the first value in response to detecting the first decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact includes maintaining the property at a constant value above the first value. 
     In some embodiments, maintaining the property of the first user interface element above the first value in response to detecting the first decrease in intensity of the contact includes reducing the property of the first user interface element below the second value. 
     In some embodiments, the property is a magnification factor of the first user interface element. 
     In some embodiments, the property is play progress. 
     In some embodiments, the property is a volume level. 
     In some embodiments, an amount of the adjustment from the first value to the second value is determined based on the first increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact. 
     In some embodiments, adjusting the property of the first user interface element includes dynamically adjusting an appearance of the first user interface element. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to dynamically adjust (e.g., with the adjusting unit  1014 ) the appearance of the first user interface element based on detected changes in the characteristic intensity of the contact. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to adjust (e.g., with the adjusting unit  1014 ) the appearance of the first user interface element based on a respective increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact, wherein the appearance of the first user interface element is not adjusted when a respective decrease in the characteristic intensity of the contact occurs. 
     In some embodiments, the contact is initially detected when a focus selector is at the first user interface element. 
     In some embodiments, the intensity criteria include a requirement that the characteristic intensity of the contact increases at or above a threshold rate during the first increase in the characteristic intensity. 
     The operations in the information processing methods described above are, optionally implemented by running one or more functional modules in information processing apparatus such as general purpose processors (e.g., as described above with respect to  FIGS. 1A and 3 ) or application specific chips. 
     The operations described above with reference to  FIGS. 8A-8D  are, optionally, implemented by components depicted in  FIGS. 1A-1B  or  FIG. 10 . For example, detection operations  804  and  806  and adjusting operations  810  and  832  are, optionally, implemented by event sorter  170 , event recognizer  180 , and event handler  190 . Event monitor  171  in event sorter  170  detects a contact on touch-sensitive display  112 , and event dispatcher module  174  delivers the event information to application  136 - 1 . A respective event recognizer  180  of application  136 - 1  compares the event information to respective event definitions  186 , and determines whether a first contact at a first location on the touch-sensitive surface (or whether rotation of the device) corresponds to a predefined event or sub-event, such as selection of an object on a user interface, or rotation of the device from one orientation to another. When a respective predefined event or sub-event is detected, event recognizer  180  activates an event handler  190  associated with the detection of the event or sub-event. Event handler  190  optionally uses or calls data updater  176  or object updater  177  to update the application internal state  192 . In some embodiments, event handler  190  accesses a respective GUI updater  178  to update what is displayed by the application. Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in the art how other processes can be implemented based on the components depicted in  FIGS. 1A-1B . 
     The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best use the invention and various described embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20160128
Publication Date: 20190917
Grant Date: 20190917
Priority Date: 20150810
Inventors: KARUNAMUNI, CHANAKA G.
KING, NICHOLAS V.
APODACA, GREGORY M.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G11B27/00", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04806", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04105", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0488", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04847", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0488", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G11B27/34", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04847", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04105", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04806", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0488", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04847", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0416", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G11B27/00", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0414", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04806", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04105", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G11B27/34", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0416", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0416", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 57994284