PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-12125436-B1
Application Number: US-202318325451-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B1

Title: Pixel drive circuitry burn-in compensation systems and methods

Abstract:
An electronic device may include an electronic display having display pixels that display an image based on compensated image data. The electronic display may also include pixel drive circuitry that provides power to the display pixels in accordance with the compensated image data. Additionally, the electronic device may include burn-in compensation circuitry communicatively coupled to the electronic display that receives input image data and generates the compensated input image data based on the input image data, a pixel aging history corresponding to the display pixels, and a driver aging history corresponding to the pixel drive circuitry.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An electronic device comprising:
 an electronic display comprising:
 display pixels configured to display an image based on compensated image data; 
 pixel drive circuitry configured to provide power to the display pixels based on the compensated image data; 
 
 burn-in compensation circuitry communicatively coupled to the electronic display, the burn-in compensation circuitry configured to:
 receive input image data; and 
 generate the compensated image data based on the input image data, a pixel aging history corresponding to the display pixels, and a driver aging history corresponding to the pixel drive circuitry; and 
 
 burn-in statistics circuitry configured to:
 update the driver aging history based on a first estimated amount of aging corresponding to a portion of the pixel drive circuitry associated with a pixel of the display pixels; and 
 update the pixel aging history based on a second estimated amount of aging corresponding to the pixel, wherein the first estimated amount of aging and the second estimated amount of aging are based on the same compensated image data. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the pixel aging history and the driver aging history are tracked independently. 
     
     
       3. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the burn-in statistics circuitry is configured to determine the first estimated amount of aging corresponding to the portion of the pixel drive circuitry associated with the pixel of the display pixels based on a pixel value of the compensated image data associated with the pixel, wherein the portion of the pixel drive circuitry is configured to supply current to the pixel based on the pixel value. 
     
     
       4. The electronic device of  claim 3 , wherein the burn-in statistics circuitry is configured to determine the second estimated amount of aging corresponding to the pixel based on the pixel value of the compensated image data. 
     
     
       5. The electronic device of  claim 4 , wherein the first estimated amount of aging and the second estimated amount of aging are determined, at least in part, via independent hardware. 
     
     
       6. The electronic device of  claim 3 , wherein the first estimated amount of aging corresponding to the portion of the pixel drive circuitry is based on:
 a current aging factor indicative of burn-in related aging of the portion of the pixel drive circuitry due to the current supplied to the pixel by the portion of the pixel drive circuitry; and 
 a temperature aging factor indicative of the burn-in related aging of the portion of the pixel drive circuitry due to temperature. 
 
     
     
       7. The electronic device of  claim 6 , wherein the current aging factor is based on the pixel value and a global brightness setting. 
     
     
       8. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein generating the compensated image data comprises generating a gain map based on the pixel aging history and the driver aging history, wherein the gain map comprises per-pixel gains configured to compensate, at least in part, the input image data for burn-in related aging of the display pixels and the pixel drive circuitry. 
     
     
       9. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the pixel aging history comprises a per-pixel pixel aging history, and wherein the driver aging history comprises a per-pixel driver aging history. 
     
     
       10. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the display pixels comprise organic light-emitting-diode (OLED) display pixels. 
     
     
       11. Image processing circuitry comprising:
 pixel burn-in statistics circuitry configured to:
 determine a first set of estimated amounts of aging associated with display pixels of an electronic display based on pixel values of compensated image data; and 
 update a pixel burn-in history map based on the first set of estimated amounts of aging; 
 
 driver burn-in statistics circuitry configured to:
 determine a second set of estimated amounts of aging associated with portions of pixel drive circuitry of the electronic display based on the pixel values of the compensated image data, wherein the portions of the pixel drive circuitry are configured to deliver current to corresponding display pixels of the display pixels, wherein the pixel burn-in statistics circuitry is configured to determine the estimated amounts of aging associated with the display pixels and the driver burn-in statistics circuitry is configured to determine the estimated amounts of aging associated with the portions of the pixel drive circuitry, at least in part, via independent hardware; and 
 update a driver burn-in history map based on the second set of estimated amounts of aging; and 
 
 burn-in compensation circuitry configured to compensate image data for burn-in related aging of the display pixels and the burn-in related aging of the portions of the pixel drive circuitry based on the pixel burn-in history map and the driver burn-in history map to generate the compensated image data. 
 
     
     
       12. The image processing circuitry of  claim 11 , wherein determining the first set of estimated amounts of aging comprises:
 determining a luminance aging factor indicative of a first contribution to the burn-in related aging of the display pixels associated with luminance outputs of the display pixels; and 
 determining a pixel temperature aging factor indicative of a second contribution to the burn-in related aging of the display pixels associated with temperature. 
 
     
     
       13. The image processing circuitry of  claim 12 , wherein determining the second set of estimated amounts of aging comprises:
 determining a current aging factor indicative of a third contribution to the burn-in related aging of the portions of the pixel drive circuitry associated with currents output by the portions of the pixel drive circuitry to the display pixels; and 
 determining a driver temperature aging factor indicative of a fourth contribution to the burn-in related aging of the portions of the pixel drive circuitry associated with temperature. 
 
     
     
       14. The image processing circuitry of  claim 13 , wherein determining the second set of estimated amounts of aging comprises modifying a combination of the current aging factor and the driver temperature aging factor by an emission duty cycle factor indicative of a duty cycle of the display pixels. 
     
     
       15. The image processing circuitry of  claim 11 , wherein the pixel burn-in statistics circuitry is configured to determine the first set of estimated amounts of aging and the driver burn-in statistics circuitry is configured to determine the second set of estimated amounts of aging concurrently. 
     
     
       16. The image processing circuitry of  claim 11 , wherein the burn-in compensation circuitry is configured to:
 generate one or more gain maps of per-pixel gains based on the pixel burn-in history map and the driver burn-in history map; and 
 combine the one or more gain maps with one or more gain parameters and the image data to generate the compensated image data. 
 
     
     
       17. The image processing circuitry of  claim 16 , wherein the one or more gain parameters comprise a global brightness setting of the electronic display, a normalization factor, a duty cycle factor, or any combination thereof. 
     
     
       18. A non-transitory machine readable medium comprising instructions, wherein, when executed by one or more processors, the instructions cause the one or more processors to control image processing circuitry to perform operations or to perform the operations, wherein the operations comprise:
 determining a first set of estimated amounts of aging associated with display pixels of an electronic display based on pixel values of compensated image data; 
 updating a pixel burn-in history map based on the first set of estimated amounts of aging; 
 determining a second set of estimated amounts of aging associated with portions of pixel drive circuitry of the electronic display based on the pixel values of the compensated image data, wherein the portions of the pixel drive circuitry are configured to deliver current to corresponding display pixels of the display pixels, and wherein determining the second set of estimated amounts of aging comprises:
 determining current aging factors indicative of burn-in related aging of the portions of the pixel drive circuitry due to the current delivered to the display pixels by the portions of the pixel drive circuitry; and 
 determining temperature aging factors indicative of the burn-in related aging of the portions of the pixel drive circuitry due to temperature; and 
 
 updating a driver burn-in history map based on the second set of estimated amounts of aging. 
 
     
     
       19. The non-transitory machine readable medium of  claim 18 , wherein the operations comprise compensating input image data for burn-in related aging of the display pixels and the burn-in related aging of the portions of the pixel drive circuitry based on the pixel burn-in history map and the driver burn-in history map to generate the compensated image data. 
     
     
       20. The non-transitory machine readable medium of  claim 18 , wherein the first set of estimated amounts of aging is based on luminance outputs of the display pixels according to the compensated image data, and wherein the second set of estimated amounts of aging is based on current flows through the portions of the pixel drive circuitry according to the compensated image data.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     This disclosure relates to image data processing to identify and compensate for burn-in/aging of pixels of an electronic display while also taking into account the burn-in/aging of the pixel drive circuitry. 
     This section is intended to introduce the reader to various aspects of art that may be related to various aspects of the present techniques, which are described and/or claimed below. This discussion is believed to be helpful in providing the reader with background information to facilitate a better understanding of the various aspects of the present disclosure. Accordingly, it should be understood that these statements are to be read in this light, and not as admissions of prior art. 
     Numerous electronic devices including televisions, portable phones, computers, wearable devices, vehicle dashboards, virtual-reality glasses, and more display images on an electronic display. To display an image, an electronic display may control light emission of its display pixels based at least in part on corresponding image data. As electronic displays gain increasingly higher resolutions and dynamic ranges, they may also become increasingly more susceptible to image artifacts, such as burn-in related aging of pixels, that may be compensated by image processing. 
     Burn-in is a phenomenon whereby pixels degrade over time owing to the different amount of light that different pixels emit over time. In other words, pixels may age at different rates depending on their relative utilization and/or environment. For example, pixels used more than others may age more quickly, and thus may gradually emit less light when given the same amount of driving current or voltage values. This may produce undesirable burn-in image artifacts on the electronic display. In general, the estimated aging due to pixels&#39; utilization may be stored, accumulated, and referenced when compensating for burn-in effects on pixel efficiency. However, while certain techniques may provide for burn-in compensation for pixel efficiency due to aging, such techniques may not account for aging due to other effects. 
     SUMMARY 
     A summary of certain embodiments disclosed herein is set forth below. It should be understood that these aspects are presented merely to provide the reader with a brief summary of these certain embodiments and that these aspects are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Indeed, this disclosure may encompass a variety of aspects that may not be set forth below. 
     The present disclosure relates to identifying and/or compensating for non-uniform burn-in/aging of display pixels and the drive circuitry thereof. This may address the effects of aging due to the current flow through the pixel drive circuitry that provides current to the pixels. Burn-in related aging may vary across an electronic display based on individual or grouped pixel usage such as the frequency, luminance output, and/or environment (e.g., temperature) of the display pixels. As a result, some display pixels may gradually emit less light when given the same driving current or voltage values, effectively becoming darker than the other display pixels when given a signal for the same brightness level. In other words, the pixel efficiency of a display pixel may be reduced as the display pixel ages. Additionally, the pixel drive circuitry (e.g., transistor(s), switch(es), etc.) that provides current to the display pixels may also exhibit aging over time based on its utilization. For example, the current delivered through the pixel drive circuitry may change based on the current delivered by the pixel drive circuitry throughout the life of the electronic display. 
     As such, image processing circuitry and/or software may monitor and/or model the amount of burn-in related aging that is likely to have occurred in the different pixels and monitor/model the amount of burn-in aging that is likely to have occurred in the pixel drive circuitry. By keeping track of the estimated amount of burn-in that has taken place in the electronic display, burn-in gain maps may be derived from the estimated amounts of aging (e.g., a pixel BIS history map and a driver BIS history map) to compensate for the burn-in effects. For example, a burn-in compensation/burn-in statistics (BIC/BIS) block may include a pixel BIS sub-block to track the estimated aging of the display pixels, a driver BIS sub-block to track the estimated aging of the pixel drive circuitry, and a BIC sub-block to apply gains to pixel values of the image data to compensate for the burn-in related aging of both the display pixels and the pixel drive circuitry. 
     Indeed, based on the estimated amounts of aging to the display pixels and the pixel drive circuitry, burn-in compensation may be performed to adjust image data values accordingly, before such signals are sent to the electronic display, to reduce or eliminate the appearance of burn-in artifacts on the electronic display. In this way, the pixels of the electronic display that are likely to exhibit the greatest amount of aging will appear to be equally as bright as pixels with less aging. As such, perceivable burn-in artifacts on the electronic display may be reduced or eliminated. 
     Various refinements of the features noted above may exist in relation to various aspects of the present disclosure. Further features may also be incorporated in these various aspects as well. These refinements and additional features may exist individually or in any combination. For instance, various features discussed below in relation to one or more of the illustrated embodiments may be incorporated into any of the above-described aspects of the present disclosure alone or in any combination. The brief summary presented above is intended only to familiarize the reader with certain aspects and contexts of embodiments of the present disclosure without limitation to the claimed subject matter. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Various aspects of this disclosure may be better understood upon reading the following detailed description and upon reference to the drawings in which: 
         FIG.  1    is a schematic diagram of an electronic device that includes an electronic display, in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG.  2    is an example of the electronic device of  FIG.  1    in the form of a handheld device, in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG.  3    is another example of the electronic device of  FIG.  1    in the form of a tablet device, in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG.  4    is another example of the electronic device of  FIG.  1    in the form of a computer, in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG.  5    is another example of the electronic device of  FIG.  1    in the form of a watch, in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG.  6    is another example of the electronic device of  FIG.  1    in the form of a computer, in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG.  7    is a schematic diagram of the image processing circuitry of  FIG.  1    including a burn-in compensation (BIC)/burn-in statistics (BIS) block, in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG.  8    is a schematic diagram of the BIC/BIS block of  FIG.  7    including a BIC sub-block, a pixel BIS sub-block, and a driver BIS sub-block, in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG.  9    is a schematic diagram of the BIC sub-block of  FIG.  8   , in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG.  10    is a schematic diagram of the pixel BIS sub-block of  FIG.  8   , in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG.  11    is a schematic diagram of the driver BIS sub-block of  FIG.  8   , in accordance with an embodiment; and 
         FIG.  12    is a flowchart of an example process for performing BIS collection and performing BIC, in accordance with an embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     One or more specific embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below. These described embodiments are only examples of the presently disclosed techniques. Additionally, in an effort to provide a concise description of these embodiments, all features of an actual implementation may not be described in the specification. It should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developers&#39; specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which may vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it should be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time consuming, but may nevertheless be a routine undertaking of design, fabrication, and manufacture for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure. 
     When introducing elements of various embodiments of the present disclosure, the articles “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to mean that there are one or more of the elements. The terms “comprising,” “including,” and “having” are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements other than the listed elements. Additionally, it should be understood that references to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” of the present disclosure are not intended to be interpreted as excluding the existence of additional embodiments that also incorporate the recited features. Furthermore, the phrase A “based on” B is intended to mean that A is at least partially based on B. Moreover, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive (e.g., logical OR) and not exclusive (e.g., logical XOR). In other words, the phrase A “or” B is intended to mean A, B, or both A and B. 
     Electronic devices often use electronic displays to present visual information. Such electronic devices may include computers, mobile phones, portable media devices, tablets, televisions, virtual-reality headsets, and vehicle dashboards, among many others. To display an image, an electronic display controls the luminance (and, as a consequence, the color) of its display pixels based on corresponding image data received at a particular resolution. For example, an image data source may provide image data as a stream of pixel data, in which data for each pixel indicates a target luminance (e.g., brightness and/or color) of one or more display pixels located at corresponding pixel positions. In some embodiments, image data may indicate luminance per color component, for example, via red component image data, blue component image data, and green component image data, collectively referred to as RGB image data (e.g., RGB, sRGB). Additionally or alternatively, image data may be indicated by a luma channel and one or more chrominance channels (e.g., YCbCr, YUV, etc.), grayscale (e.g., gray level), or other color basis. It should be appreciated that a luma channel, as disclosed herein, may encompass linear, non-linear, and/or gamma-corrected luminance values. 
     Additionally, the image data may be processed to account for one or more physical or digital effects associated with displaying the image data. For example, burn-in/aging of display pixels may be estimated based on the frequency, luminance output, and/or environment (e.g., temperature) of the display pixels. Indeed, as display pixels are utilized throughout the life of the electronic display, the pixel efficiencies of the display pixels may be reduced. In general, by keeping track of the estimated amount of burn-in that has taken place in the electronic display, burn-in gain maps may be derived to compensate for the effects of burn-in. The burn-in gain maps may gain down image data that will be sent to the less-aged pixels (which would otherwise be brighter) without gaining down, or by gaining down less, the image data that will be sent to the pixels with the greatest amount of aging (which would otherwise be darker). In this way, the pixels of the electronic display that are likely to exhibit the greatest amount of aging will appear to be equally as bright as pixels with less aging. Additionally or alternatively, pixels with the higher amounts of estimated burn-in may be gained up to compensate for their reduced luminance output depending on the capabilities of the pixel relative to the desired luminance levels. As such, perceivable burn-in artifacts on the electronic display may be reduced or eliminated. 
     However, while such techniques may provide for burn-in compensation for pixel efficiency due to aging, such techniques, alone, may not account for the aging of pixel drive circuitry that provides current to the display pixels. Indeed, over time and through utilization the pixel drive circuitry may exhibit aging, due to the current flow through the pixel drive circuitry, which results in changes in the amount of current delivered to the display pixels. As such, the amount of burn-in related aging that is likely to have occurred in the pixel drive circuitry may be monitored/tracked, and the burn-in gain maps may be derived from the estimated amounts of aging to compensate for the burn-in effects. For example, the burn-in gain maps may gain down image data that will be used to send current through less-aged pixel drive circuitry (which would otherwise deliver more current) without gaining down, or by gaining down less, the image data that will be used to send current through pixel drive circuitry with the greatest amount of aging (which would otherwise deliver less current). 
     Moreover, the estimated amounts of aging of the pixel drive circuitry and the estimated amounts of aging of the display pixels may be utilized together to generate the gain maps. For example, a burn-in compensation/burn-in statistics (BIC/BIS) block may include a pixel BIS sub-block to track the estimated aging of the display pixels, a driver BIS sub-block to track the estimated aging of the pixel drive circuitry, and a BIC sub-block to apply gains to pixel values of the image data to compensate for the burn-in related aging of both the display pixels and the pixel drive circuitry. 
     With the foregoing in mind,  FIG.  1    is an example electronic device  10  with an electronic display  12  having multiple display pixels. As described in more detail below, the electronic device  10  may be any suitable electronic device, such as a computer, a mobile phone, a portable media device, a tablet, a television, a virtual-reality headset, a wearable device such as a watch, a vehicle dashboard, or the like. Thus, it should be noted that  FIG.  1    is merely one example of a particular implementation and is intended to illustrate the types of components that may be present in an electronic device  10 . 
     The electronic device  10  may include one or more electronic displays  12 , input devices  14 , input/output (I/O) ports  16 , a processor core complex  18  having one or more processors or processor cores, local memory  20 , a main memory storage device  22 , a network interface  24 , a power source  26 , and image processing circuitry  28 . The various components described in  FIG.  1    may include hardware elements (e.g., circuitry), software elements (e.g., a tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions), or a combination of both hardware and software elements. As should be appreciated, the various components may be combined into fewer components or separated into additional components. For example, the local memory  20  and the main memory storage device  22  may be included in a single component. Moreover, the image processing circuitry  28  (e.g., a graphics processing unit, a display image processing pipeline, etc.) may be included in the processor core complex  18  or be implemented separately. 
     The processor core complex  18  is operably coupled with local memory  20  and the main memory storage device  22 . Thus, the processor core complex  18  may execute instructions stored in local memory  20  or the main memory storage device  22  to perform operations, such as generating or transmitting image data to display on the electronic display  12 . As such, the processor core complex  18  may include one or more general purpose microprocessors, one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more field programmable logic arrays (FPGAs), or any combination thereof. 
     In addition to program instructions, the local memory  20  or the main memory storage device  22  may store data to be processed by the processor core complex  18 . Thus, the local memory  20  and/or the main memory storage device  22  may include one or more tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable media. For example, the local memory  20  may include random access memory (RAM) and the main memory storage device  22  may include read-only memory (ROM), rewritable non-volatile memory such as flash memory, hard drives, optical discs, or the like. 
     The network interface  24  may communicate data with another electronic device or a network. For example, the network interface  24  (e.g., a radio frequency system) may enable the electronic device  10  to communicatively couple to a personal area network (PAN), such as a BLUETOOTH® network, a local area network (LAN), such as an 802.11x Wi-Fi network, or a wide area network (WAN), such as a 4G, Long-Term Evolution (LTE), or 5G cellular network. 
     The power source  26  may provide electrical power to operate the processor core complex  18  and/or other components in the electronic device  10 . Thus, the power source  26  may include any suitable source of energy, such as a rechargeable lithium polymer (Li-poly) battery and/or an alternating current (AC) power converter. 
     The I/O ports  16  may enable the electronic device  10  to interface with various other electronic devices. The input devices  14  may enable a user to interact with the electronic device  10 . For example, the input devices  14  may include buttons, keyboards, mice, trackpads, and the like. Additionally or alternatively, the electronic display  12  may include touch sensing components that enable user inputs to the electronic device  10  by detecting occurrence and/or position of an object touching its screen (e.g., surface of the electronic display  12 ). 
     The electronic display  12  may display a graphical user interface (GUI) (e.g., of an operating system or computer program), an application interface, text, a still image, and/or video content. The electronic display  12  may include a display panel with one or more display pixels to facilitate displaying images. Additionally, each display pixel may represent one of the sub-pixels that control the luminance of a color component (e.g., red, green, or blue). As used herein, a display pixel may refer to a collection of sub-pixels (e.g., red, green, and blue subpixels) or may refer to a single sub-pixel. 
     As described above, the electronic display  12  may display an image by controlling the luminance output (e.g., light emission) of the sub-pixels based on corresponding image data. In some embodiments, pixel or image data may be generated by or received from an image source, such as the processor core complex  18 , a graphics processing unit (GPU), storage device  22 , or an image sensor (e.g., camera). Additionally, in some embodiments, image data may be received from another electronic device  10 , for example, via the network interface  24  and/or an I/O port  16 . Moreover, in some embodiments, the electronic device  10  may include multiple electronic displays  12  and/or may perform image processing (e.g., via the image processing circuitry  28 ) for one or more external electronic displays  12 , such as connected via the network interface  24  and/or the I/O ports  16 . 
     The electronic device  10  may be any suitable electronic device. To help illustrate, one example of a suitable electronic device  10 , specifically a handheld device  10 A, is shown in  FIG.  2   . In some embodiments, the handheld device  10 A may be a portable phone, a media player, a personal data organizer, a handheld game platform, and/or the like. For illustrative purposes, the handheld device  10 A may be a smartphone, such as an IPHONE® model available from Apple Inc. 
     The handheld device  10 A may include an enclosure  30  (e.g., housing) to, for example, protect interior components from physical damage and/or shield them from electromagnetic interference. The enclosure  30  may surround, at least partially, the electronic display  12 . In the depicted embodiment, the electronic display  12  is displaying a graphical user interface (GUI)  32  having an array of icons  34 . By way of example, when an icon  34  is selected either by an input device  14  or a touch-sensing component of the electronic display  12 , an application program may launch. 
     Input devices  14  may be accessed through openings in the enclosure  30 . Moreover, the input devices  14  may enable a user to interact with the handheld device  10 A. For example, the input devices  14  may enable the user to activate or deactivate the handheld device  10 A, navigate a user interface to a home screen, navigate a user interface to a user-configurable application screen, activate a voice-recognition feature, provide volume control, and/or toggle between vibrate and ring modes. Moreover, the I/O ports  16  may also open through the enclosure  30 . Additionally, the electronic device may include one or more cameras  36  to capture pictures or video. In some embodiments, a camera  36  may be used in conjunction with a virtual reality or augmented reality visualization on the electronic display  12 . 
     Another example of a suitable electronic device  10 , specifically a tablet device  10 B, is shown in  FIG.  3   . For illustration purposes, the tablet device  10 B may be any IPAD® model available from Apple Inc. A further example of a suitable electronic device  10 , specifically a computer  10 C, is shown in  FIG.  4   . For illustrative purposes, the computer  10 C may be any MACBOOK® or IMAC® model available from Apple Inc. Another example of a suitable electronic device  10 , specifically a watch  10 D, is shown in  FIG.  5   . For illustrative purposes, the watch  10 D may be any APPLE WATCH® model available from Apple Inc. As depicted, the tablet device  10 B, the computer  10 C, and the watch  10 D each also includes an electronic display  12 , input devices  14 , I/O ports  16 , and an enclosure  30 . The electronic display  12  may display a GUI  32 . Here, the GUI  32  shows a visualization of a clock. When the visualization is selected either by the input device  14  or a touch-sensing component of the electronic display  12 , an application program may launch, such as to transition the GUI  32  to presenting the icons  34  discussed in  FIGS.  2  and  3   . 
     Turning to  FIG.  6   , a computer  10 E may represent another embodiment of the electronic device  10  of  FIG.  1   . The computer  10 E may be any suitable computer, such as a desktop computer, a server, or a notebook computer, but may also be a standalone media player or video gaming machine. By way of example, the computer  10 E may be an IMAC®, a MACBOOK®, or other similar device by Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California. It should be noted that the computer  10 E may also represent a personal computer (PC) by another manufacturer. A similar enclosure  30  may be provided to protect and enclose internal components of the computer  10 E, such as the electronic display  12 . In certain embodiments, a user of the computer  10 E may interact with the computer  10 E using various peripheral input devices  14 , such as a keyboard  14 A or mouse  14 B, which may connect to the computer  10 E. 
     As described above, the electronic display  12  may display images based at least in part on image data. Before being used to display a corresponding image on the electronic display  12 , the image data may be processed, for example, via the image processing circuitry  28 . Moreover, the image processing circuitry  28  may process the image data for display on one or more electronic displays  12 . For example, the image processing circuitry  28  may include a display pipeline, memory-to-memory scaler and rotator (MSR) circuitry, warp compensation circuitry, or additional hardware or software means for processing image data. The image data may be processed by the image processing circuitry  28  to reduce or eliminate image artifacts, compensate for one or more different software or hardware related effects, and/or format the image data for display on one or more electronic displays  12 . As should be appreciated, the present techniques may be implemented in standalone circuitry, software, and/or firmware, and may be considered a part of, separate from, and/or parallel with a display pipeline or MSR circuitry. 
     To help illustrate, a portion of the electronic device  10 , including image processing circuitry  28 , is shown in  FIG.  7   . The image processing circuitry  28  may be implemented in the electronic device  10 , in the electronic display  12 , or a combination thereof. For example, the image processing circuitry  28  may be included in the processor core complex  18 , a timing controller (TCON) in the electronic display  12 , or any combination thereof. As should be appreciated, although image processing is discussed herein as being performed via a number of image data processing blocks, embodiments may include hardware and/or software components to carry out the techniques discussed herein. 
     The electronic device  10  may also include an image data source  38 , a display panel  40 , and/or a controller  42  in communication with the image processing circuitry  28 . In some embodiments, the display panel  40  of the electronic display  12  may be a self-emissive display (e.g., organic light-emitting-diode (OLED) display, micro-LED display, etc.), a transmissive display (e.g., liquid crystal display (LCD)), or any other suitable type of display panel  40 . In some embodiments, the controller  42  may control operation of the image processing circuitry  28 , the image data source  38 , and/or the display panel  40 . To facilitate controlling operation, the controller  42  may include a controller processor  44  and/or controller memory  46 . In some embodiments, the controller processor  44  may be included in the processor core complex  18 , the image processing circuitry  28 , a timing controller in the electronic display  12 , a separate processing module, or any combination thereof and execute instructions stored in the controller memory  46 . Additionally, in some embodiments, the controller memory  46  may be included in the local memory  20 , the main memory storage device  22 , a separate tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable medium, or any combination thereof. 
     The image processing circuitry  28  may receive source image data  48  corresponding to a desired image to be displayed on the electronic display  12  from the image data source  38 . The source image data  48  may indicate target characteristics (e.g., pixel data) corresponding to the desired image using any suitable source format, such as an RGB format, an αRGB format, a YCbCr format, and/or the like. Moreover, the source image data may be fixed or floating point and be of any suitable bit-depth. Furthermore, the source image data  48  may reside in a linear color space, a gamma-corrected color space, or any other suitable color space. Moreover, as used herein, pixel data/values of image data may refer to individual color component (e.g., red, green, and blue) data values corresponding to pixel positions of the display panel. 
     As described above, the image processing circuitry  28  may operate to process source image data  48  received from the image data source  38 . The image data source  38  may include captured images (e.g., from one or more cameras  36 ), images stored in memory, graphics generated by the processor core complex  18 , or a combination thereof. Additionally, the image processing circuitry  28  may include one or more image data processing blocks  50  (e.g., circuitry, modules, or processing stages) such as a burn-in compensation (BIC)/burn-in statistics (BIS) block  52 . As should be appreciated, multiple other processing blocks  54  may also be incorporated into the image processing circuitry  28 , such as a pixel contrast control (PCC) block, color management block, a dither block, a blend block, a warp block, a scaling/rotation block, etc. before and/or after the BIC/BIS block  52 . The image data processing blocks  50  may receive and process source image data  48  and output display image data  56  in a format (e.g., digital format, image space, and/or resolution) interpretable by the display panel  40 . Further, the functions (e.g., operations) performed by the image processing circuitry  28  may be divided between various image data processing blocks  50 , and, while the term “block” is used herein, there may or may not be a logical or physical separation between the image data processing blocks  50 . After processing, the image processing circuitry  28  may output the display image data  56  to the display panel  40 . Based at least in part on the display image data  56 , analog electrical signals may be provided, via pixel drive circuitry  58 , to display pixels  60  of the display panel  40  to illuminate the display pixels  60  at a desired luminance level and display a corresponding image. 
     As discussed herein, the image processing circuitry may include a BIC/BIS block  52  to collect statistics about the degree to which burn-in is expected to have occurred on the electronic display  12  (e.g., pixel drive circuitry  58  and display pixels  60 ) and compensate for burn-in related aging to reduce or eliminate the visual effects of burn-in. As display pixels  60  are utilized throughout the life of the electronic display  12 , the pixel efficiencies of the display pixels  60  may be reduced. For example, the more luminance output provided by a particular display pixel  60 , the more burn-in related aging the display pixel  60  may exhibit. 
     Moreover, in addition to the efficiencies of the display pixels  60  themselves, the pixel drive circuitry  58  that delivers current to the display pixels  60  may also exhibit burn-in related aging. For example, the more current delivered by particular pixel drive circuitry  58  the more burn-in related aging the pixel drive circuitry  58  may exhibit. As such, the pixel drive circuitry  58  and display pixels  60  may age non-uniformly across the display panel  40  based on their utilization, which may be content dependent (e.g., based on the display image data  56 ). Furthermore, the utilization of the pixel drive circuitry  58  and display pixels  60  may be based on the same display image data  56 , as the current delivered by the pixel drive circuitry  58  according to the display image data  56  causes the luminance output of the display pixels  60 . However, in some scenarios, the current delivered by the pixel drive circuitry  58  may have a non-linear relationship with the luminance output of the display pixels  60 . Moreover, the amount of aging to the pixel drive circuitry  58  due to the current therethrough may have a non-linear relationship with the aging of the display pixels  60  for a particular pixel value of the display image data  56 . As such, the estimated burn-in related aging of the pixel drive circuitry  58  due to current flow may be tracked independently of the burn-in related aging (e.g., pixel efficiency) of the display pixels  60 . 
     To help illustrate,  FIG.  8    is an example block diagram of the BIC/BIS block  52  including a BIC sub-block  62 , a pixel BIS sub-block  64  and a driver BIS sub-block  66 . In general the BIC/BIS block  52  receives input image data  68  (e.g., pixel values) and compensates the input image data  68  (e.g., via the BIC sub-block  62 ) by applying gains thereto. As such, compensated image data  70  may be generated and output from the BIC/BIS block  52 . As should be appreciated, as used herein, the input image data  68  may be in any suitable format (e.g., linear domain, gamma domain, current domain) and may be indicative of the source image data  48  or image data at any point within the image processing circuitry  28  (e.g., before and/or after other processing blocks  54 ) leading to the BIC/BIS block  52 . Moreover, as should be appreciated, the compensated image data  70  may be output as display image data  56  or further processed via one or more other processing blocks  54  after the BIC/BIS block  52 . 
     Based on the compensated image data  70 , which may more closely resemble the current utilizations and luminance outputs than the input image data  68 , the pixel BIS sub-block  64  and driver BIS sub-block may generate a pixel BIS history update  72  and a driver BIS history update  74 , respectively. The pixel BIS history update  72  is an incremental update representing an increased amount of pixel aging that is estimated to have occurred (e.g., since a corresponding previous pixel BIS history update  72 , for the current image frame, or other metric). Similarly, the driver BIS history update  74  is an incremental update representing an increased amount of pixel drive aging that is estimated to have occurred (e.g., since a corresponding previous driver BIS history update  74 , for the current image frame, or other metric). As should be appreciated, the pixel BIS history update  72  and/or driver BIS history update  74  may be performed for each image frame, sub-sampled at a desired frequency (e.g., every other image frame, every third image frame, every fourth image frame, and so on), and/or the pixels may be divided into groups such that each group of pixels is sampled over a different image frame. In some embodiments, a pixel BIS history update  72  and a driver BIS history update  74  may be calculated concurrently for the same image frame (e.g., based on the same set on input image data  68 /compensated image data  70 ) using dedicated (e.g., separate) hardware or independently (e.g., in series or parallel) in software. Additionally or alternatively, the pixel BIS history update  72  and the driver BIS history update  74  may be determined in series (e.g., one after the other) using the same hardware, and may be performed for the same image frame or multiplexed across separate image frames. 
     In some embodiments, gain parameters  76  and/or other variables and set values such as a normalization factor, a brightness adaptation factor, a duty cycle, and/or a global brightness setting, may be used in generating the pixel BIS history update  72  and driver BIS history update  74  to calculate or otherwise estimate the respective amounts of aging. Furthermore, each pixel BIS history update  72  and each driver BIS history update  74  may be aggregated, respectively, to maintain a pixel burn-in history map  78  and a driver burn-in history map  80 , respectively. The pixel burn-in history map  78  is indicative of the total estimated burn-in that has occurred to the display pixels  60 , and the driver burn-in history map  80  is indicative of the total estimated burn-in that has occurred to the pixel drive circuitry  58 . 
     To compensate the input image data  68 , gain maps  82  may be generated (e.g., via a compute gain maps sub-block  84 ) based on the pixel burn-in history map  78  and the driver burn-in history map  80 . In some embodiments, the gain maps  82  may be two-dimensional (2D) maps (e.g., a gain map  82  for each color component pixel type) of per-pixel gains based on the changes in efficiency of and current delivered to the display pixels  60 , as tracked via the pixel burn-in history map  78  and the driver burn-in history map  80 . In some embodiments, the gain maps  82  may be programmed into 2D lookup tables (LUTs) for efficient use by the BIC sub-block  62 . Furthermore, in some embodiments, the compute gain maps sub-block  84  may be implemented in hardware (e.g., as part of the BIC sub-block  62 ), in software (e.g., via the controller processor  44  or other processor of the electronic device  10 ), or partially in both. 
     As discussed above, the pixel BIS history updates  72  and driver BIS history updates  74  are used to maintain the pixel burn-in history maps  78  and driver burn-in history maps  80 , respectively, which are used to generate the gain maps  82 . For example, the gain maps  82  may gain down image data that will be used to send current through less-aged pixel drive circuitry  58  (which may otherwise deliver more current) without gaining down, by gaining down less, or by up gaining the image data that will be used to send current through pixel drive circuitry  58  with the greatest amount of aging (which may otherwise deliver less current). Moreover, the gain maps  82  may gain down pixel values that are associated with less-aged display pixels  60  (which would otherwise be brighter) without gaining down, by gaining down less, or by gaining up the pixel values associated with display pixels  60  with the greatest amount of aging (which would otherwise be darker). As discussed herein, the aging of the display pixels  60  and pixel drive circuitry  58  may or may not be linearly related, and, as such, the contributions to the gains of the gain maps  82  associated with the pixel drive circuitry  58  and display pixels  60  may be of the same or different magnitude and/or of the same or opposite sign (e.g., gaining down vs. gaining up). 
     Additionally, in some embodiments, the gain maps  82  may be upsampled (e.g., generating upsampled gain maps  82 ′) to spatially support the pixel-resolution of the display panel  40 , as shown in  FIG.  9   . For example, the pixel burn-in history maps  78  and/or driver burn-in history maps  80  that track the estimated aging of the display pixels  60  and pixel drive circuitry  58  may be downsampled compared to the pixel-resolution of the display panel  40  (e.g., for storage and/or bandwidth reduction), and gain maps  82  derived therefrom may be upsampled accordingly. Using the upsampled gain maps  82 ′ and one or more gain parameters  76 , the BIC sub-block  62  may compensate the input image data  68  and generate compensated image data  70 . The gain parameters  76  may augment the gain maps  82  during compensation to account for global, local, and/or average display characteristics for the image frame. For example, the gain parameters  76  utilized in the BIC sub-block  62  may include a normalization factor  86 , global brightness setting  88 , and/or a brightness adaptation factor  90 , which may vary depending on the global brightness setting  88 , the gray level of the input image data  68 , the emission duty cycle of the display pixels  60 , and/or to which color component (e.g., red, green, or blue) the gain parameters  76  are applied. As should be appreciated, the gain parameters  76  discussed herein are non-limiting, and additional parameters may also be included in determining the compensated image data  70  such as floating or fixed reference values and/or parameters representative of the type or model of display panel  40 . As such, the gain parameters  76  may represent any suitable parameters that the BIC/BIS block  52  may use to appropriately adjust the values of and/or apply the gain maps  82  to compensate for burn-in. 
     In some embodiments, the normalization factor  86  may be used to normalize the gain values of the gain maps  82  (or upsampled gain maps  82 ′ depending on implementation) with respect to a maximum gain for each color component. In this way, the display pixels  60  of the electronic display  12  that are likely to exhibit the greatest amount of aging will appear to be equally as bright as display pixels  60  with less aging. The brightness adaptation factor  90  may take any suitable form, and take into account the global brightness setting  88  of the electronic display  12 , which may be set based on a user setting, an ambient light sensor, a time of day, and/or other parameters. Indeed, the global brightness setting  88  may be used to effect the degree of compensation to be applied. Additionally or alternatively, the brightness adaptation factor  90  may be based on an emission duty cycle of the display pixels  60 , as the effect of burn-in on a display pixel  60  may differ at different emission duty cycles. In some embodiments, the brightness adaptation factor  90  may be determined via a lookup table (LUT) based on the input image data  68  scaled by a function of the global brightness setting  88  and the emission duty cycle. As should be appreciated, the brightness adaptation factor  90  may be obtained via a LUT, by computation (e.g., via a processor), or any suitable method accounting for the global brightness setting  88  of the electronic display  12  and/or the emission duty cycle of a pixel of interest. Additionally, in some embodiments, the normalization factor  86  may be a function of the brightness adaptation factor  90  or computed independently of the brightness adaptation factor  90 . Moreover the normalization factor  86  may be computed on a per-component (e.g., color component) basis. 
     By combining the gain maps  82  (e.g., upsampled gain maps  82 ′) with the normalization factor  86  and/or brightness adaptation factor  90 , the BIC sub-block may generate per-pixel gains  92  that augment pixel values of the input image data  68  to compensate for the burn-in related aging of the pixel drive circuitry  58  and the display pixels  60 . Thus, the compensated image data  70  may be generated by applying the per-pixel gains  92  to be the input image data  68 . Furthermore, as discussed herein, the compensated image data  70  may be utilized by the pixel BIS sub-block  64  and the driver BIS sub-block  66  to generate the pixel BIS history update  72  and driver BIS history update  74 . 
       FIG.  10    is a block diagram of an example pixel BIS sub-block  64  that utilizes the compensated image data  70  to generate a pixel BIS history update  72 . In some embodiments, the pixel BIS history update  72  may be generated from a combination of a pixel temperature aging factor  94  and a luminance aging factor  96 . The pixel temperature aging factor  94  takes into account the aging effect of temperature on pixel efficiency as the display pixels  60  are utilized to emit light. In some embodiments, a temperature grid  98  may provide temperatures  100  at one or more locations across the electronic device  10 . As should be appreciated, the temperature grid  98  may be uniformly spaced or non-uniformly spaced across the display panel  40 . Moreover, in some embodiments, the temperatures  100  for each display pixel  60  may be interpolated from the temperature grid  98 . Furthermore, in some scenarios, a single temperature value (e.g., measured, estimated, or preset value) may utilized instead of individual temperatures  100 . In some embodiments, the temperatures  100  (or single temperature value) may undergo a temperature scale/offset to define a temperature differential  102  indicative of the local temperature&#39;s delta from a preset temperature, and the temperature differential  102  may be used to calculate the pixel temperature aging factor  94 . In other words, the temperature differential  102  may be used in a linear or non-linear equation (e.g., calculated via a look-up-table (LUT), one or more processors, etc.) to calculate an expected contribution to the pixel BIS history update  72  due to the temperature  100  of the display pixels  60 . As should be appreciated, the temperature differential  102 , temperature  100 , or single temperature value may be used in determining the pixel temperature aging factor  94  depending on implementation. 
     Furthermore, the luminance aging factor  96 , indicative of the expected contribution to the pixel BIS history update  72  due to the luminance output of the display pixels  60 , may be calculated based on the compensated image data  70  and the global brightness setting  88 . Additionally, one or more reference parameters (which may be included as gain parameters  76 ) such as the average pixel luminance of the image frame  104 , the average pixel luminance of the previous image frame  106 , and/or an average pixel luminance calibration reference value  108 . Indeed, the changes from previous luminance levels to the current luminance levels may contribute to pixel aging, and one or more calibration/reference values may be used as part of the calculation of the luminance aging factor  96 . Additionally, in some embodiments, the global brightness setting  88  may be normalized by the maximum global brightness setting  88 . As should be appreciated, the parameters used herein are given as examples and additional or fewer reference parameters may be used in conjunction with the compensated image data  70  and/or global brightness setting  88  to generate the luminance aging factor  96 . Moreover, in some embodiments, the luminance aging factor  96  may be calculated (e.g., via a LUT, one or more processors, etc.) via one or more linear or non-linear equations. 
     Moreover, in some embodiments, a duty cycle factor  110  (e.g., representative of the emission duty cycle of the display pixels  60  over an image frame) may be utilized to augment the combination of the pixel temperature aging factor  94  and the luminance aging factor  96 . As should be appreciated, the emission duty cycle may be indicative of a pulse-width modulation or a time of emission during an image frame for a display pixel  60 . For example, below a threshold brightness, the voltage and/or current may be held constant, and the emission pulse-width modulated at a particular duty cycle to obtain darker luminance levels. Moreover, the effect of burn-in on a display pixel  60  may differ at different emission duty cycles and, thus, the duty cycle factor  110  may be used to augment the pixel BIS history update  72 . 
     In a similar manner,  FIG.  11    is a block diagram of an example driver BIS sub-block  66  that utilizes the compensated image data  70  to generate a driver BIS history update  74 . In some embodiments, the driver BIS history update  74  may be generated from a combination of a driver temperature aging factor  112 , a current aging factor  114 , and/or the duty cycle factor  110 . Similar to the display pixels  60 , the temperature of the pixel drive circuitry  58  may affect the aging thereof. As such, the temperature  100  of the display pixel  60  associated with the pixel drive circuitry  58  or a separate temperature associated with the pixel drive circuitry  58  may be used to calculate the driver temperature aging factor  112 . In a similar manner as the pixel temperature aging factor  94 , the temperature  100  used to calculate the driver temperature aging factor  112  may be a temperature differential  102 , temperature  100 , or single (e.g., set for all or a group of display pixels) temperature value. However, as temperature may have a different contribution to the aging of the pixel drive circuitry  58  than the display pixels  60 , the calculation of the driver temperature aging factor  112  may be different (e.g., by a non-linear relationship) from that of the pixel temperature aging factor  94 . Moreover, in a similar manner to that of the pixel BIS history update  72 , the duty cycle factor  110  may be used to augment the driver BIS history update  74 , as the effect of burn-in on the pixel drive circuitry  58  may differ at different emission duty cycles. For example, burn-in related aging of pixel drive circuitry  58  may vary according to how long the current is delivered to a display pixel  60  by the pixel drive circuitry  58 . 
     As the luminance aging factor  96  of the pixel BIS history update  72  accounts for the contribution of luminance output of the display pixels  60 , the current aging factor  114  accounts for the contribution of current throughput of the pixel drive circuitry  58  on the driver BIS history update  74 . In some embodiments, the current aging factor  114  may utilize one or more reference parameters (which may be included as gain parameters  76 ) such as the average pixel luminance of the image frame  104 , the average pixel luminance of the previous image frame  106 , and/or an average pixel luminance calibration reference value  108 . As should be appreciated, the parameters used herein are given as examples and additional or fewer reference parameters may be used in conjunction with the compensated image data  70  and/or global brightness setting  88  to generate the current aging factor  114 . Additionally, as with the luminance aging factor  96 , in some embodiments, the global brightness setting  88  may be normalized by the maximum global brightness setting  88  when determining the current aging factor  114 . However, current utilization may have a different contribution to the aging of the pixel drive circuitry  58  than luminance has on the display pixels  60 . As such, the calculation of the current aging factor  114  may be different (e.g., by a non-linear relationship) from that of the luminance aging factor  96 . 
     As discussed above, the driver BIS history update  74  may be generated from the current aging factor  114 , driver temperature aging factor  112 , and duty cycle factor  110 , and the pixel BIS history update  72  may be generated from the luminance aging factor  96 , pixel temperature aging factor  94 , and duty cycle factor  110 . In other words, there are different contributions and calculations to aging for the display pixels  60  and pixel drive circuitry  58 . As such, for concurrent calculations of the pixel BIS history update  72  and the driver BIS history update  74 , separate circuitry (e.g., the pixel BIS sub-block  64  and driver BIS sub-block  66 ) may be used for such calculations. Furthermore, in some scenarios, such as if concurrent history updates are not performed, due to the similarity of process flows, a portion of the same circuitry may be multiplexed (e.g., for separate image frames or for sequential calculation on the same image frame) for use across the pixel BIS sub-block  64  and the driver BIS sub-block  66 . 
       FIG.  12    is a flowchart  120  of an example process for performing burn-in compensation and statistics gathering. The BIC/BIS block  52  may receive input image data  68  (process block  122 ) and gain maps  82  may be generated based on a pixel burn-in history map  78  and a driver burn-in history map  80  (process block  124 ). Additionally, the input image data  68  may be compensated by applying gains according to the gain maps  82  and/or one or more gain parameters  76  (process block  126 ). Based on the compensated image data  70 , individual (e.g., per-pixel) burn-in statistics associated with the display pixels  60  may be gathered to generate a pixel BIS history update  72  (process block  128 ). Additionally, based on the compensated image data  70 , individual (e.g., per-pixel drive circuitry) burn-in statistics associated with the pixel drive circuitry  58  may be gathered to generate a driver BIS history update  74  (process block  130 ). Furthermore, the pixel burn-in history map  78  may be updated based on the pixel BIS history update  72  (process block  132 ), and the driver burn-in history map  80  may be updated based on the driver BIS history update  74  (process block  134 ). The compensated image data  70  may be output (process block  136 ) for example to be processed further (e.g., via one or more other processing blocks  54 ) or to the display panel  40  (e.g., as display image data  56 ). 
     By individually tracking the estimated amount of burn-in related aging that has taken place in the display pixels  60  and the pixel drive circuitry  58 , per-pixel gains  92  may be derived (e.g., via gain maps  82  and/or gain parameters  76 ) to compensate for the effects of burn-in. In this way, the display pixels  60  of the electronic display  12  that exhibit non-uniform amounts of aging due to a reduction in pixel efficiency and/or a current reduction of the pixel drive circuitry  58  will appear to have aged uniformly. As such, perceivable burn-in artifacts on the electronic display  12  may be reduced or eliminated. Furthermore, although the flowchart  120  is shown in a given order, in certain embodiments, process/decision blocks may be reordered, altered, deleted, and/or occur simultaneously. Additionally, the flowchart  120  is given as an illustrative tool and further decision and process blocks may also be added depending on implementation. 
     The specific embodiments described above have been shown by way of example, and it should be understood that these embodiments may be susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms. It should be further understood that the claims are not intended to be limited to the particular forms disclosed, but rather to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. 
     It is well understood that the use of personally identifiable information should follow privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining the privacy of users. In particular, personally identifiable information data should be managed and handled so as to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of authorized use should be clearly indicated to users. 
     The techniques presented and claimed herein are referenced and applied to material objects and concrete examples of a practical nature that demonstrably improve the present technical field and, as such, are not abstract, intangible or purely theoretical. Further, if any claims appended to the end of this specification contain one or more elements designated as “means for [perform]ing [a function] . . . ” or “step for [perform]ing [a function] . . . ”, it is intended that such elements are to be interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f). However, for any claims containing elements designated in any other manner, it is intended that such elements are not to be interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f).

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20230530
Publication Date: 20241022
Grant Date: 20241022
Priority Date: 20230530
Inventors: KOH, TAE-WOOK
CHAPPALLI, MAHESH B
YOUNG, VINCENT Z
ZHANG, YIFAN
Price, Jared S
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G09G2320/046", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/041", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/0233", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/3208", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/046", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/0233", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/041", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/3208", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/046", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/041", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G2320/0233", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/3208", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 93123369