PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-12081934-B2
Application Number: US-202217879417-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Dynamic valve for an electronic device

Abstract:
A portable electronic device comprising: an enclosure having an enclosure wall that forms an interior chamber and an opening to an environment surrounding the enclosure wall; and a valve comprising a number of sliding actuators operable to open and close the opening to the environment surrounding the enclosure wall.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A portable electronic device comprising:
 an enclosure having an enclosure wall that forms an interior chamber and an opening to an environment surrounding the enclosure wall; and 
 a valve comprising a number of sliding actuators operable to open and close the opening to the environment surrounding the enclosure wall, and at least one sliding actuator of the number of sliding actuators is operable to transition between an open configuration and a closed configuration independent of another of the number of sliding actuators. 
 
     
     
       2. The portable electronic device of  claim 1  wherein each of the sliding actuators are arranged around the opening and are operable to slide in a direction parallel to a plane of the enclosure wall to open and close the opening to modify an acoustic performance of the portable electronic device. 
     
     
       3. The portable electronic device of  claim 1  wherein each of the sliding actuators comprise a static portion fixed to the enclosure wall and a sliding portion, wherein the sliding portion slides over the opening to the closed configuration in which the opening is covered and slides away from the opening to the open configuration in which the opening is uncovered. 
     
     
       4. The portable electronic device of  claim 3  wherein the sliding portion is biased toward the closed configuration by a spring coupled to each of the sliding actuators. 
     
     
       5. The portable electronic device of  claim 1  wherein each of the sliding actuators comprise a comb drive operable to transition from the closed configuration in which the opening is covered to the open configuration in which the opening is uncovered upon application of a voltage. 
     
     
       6. The portable electronic device of  claim 1  wherein each of the sliding actuators of the number of sliding actuators are independently operable to open and close the opening. 
     
     
       7. A portable electronic device comprising:
 an enclosure having an enclosure wall that forms an interior chamber and a sound output port to an ambient environment; 
 a transducer positioned within the interior chamber and dividing the interior chamber into a front volume chamber comprising a first side of the transducer and the sound output port and a back volume chamber comprising a second side of the transducer; and 
 an electromechanical valve comprising a number of rotating actuators operable to open and close a vent to the interior chamber, the front volume chamber or the back volume chamber, and wherein the electromechanical valve comprises a spring member operable to bias the electromechanical valve to an open configuration or a closed configuration in the absence of power. 
 
     
     
       8. The portable electronic device of  claim 7  wherein the number of rotating actuators are operable to rotate about an axis that runs parallel to an axis of the vent. 
     
     
       9. The portable electronic device of  claim 7  wherein each of the number of rotating actuators comprise a triangular shaped member having a base portion connected to the enclosure at a pivot point. 
     
     
       10. The portable electronic device of  claim 7  wherein the number of rotating actuators are interconnected such that all of the number of rotating actuators rotate together to open or close the vent. 
     
     
       11. The portable electronic device of  claim 7  wherein a rotation of the number of rotating actuators is mechanically driven by a lever. 
     
     
       12. A valve assembly for a portable electronic device, the valve assembly comprising:
 a number of sliding actuators operable to open and close an opening formed through an enclosure wall, each of the number of sliding actuators comprising: 
 a static portion fixedly coupled to the enclosure wall; and 
 a sliding portion slidably coupled to the static portion, and wherein the sliding portion is operable to slide in a direction parallel to a plane of the enclosure wall through which the opening is formed between a closed configuration in which the opening is covered by the sliding portion and an open configuration in which the opening is uncovered by the sliding portion, and wherein at least one sliding portion of the number of sliding actuators is independently operable to slide between the open configuration and the closed configuration. 
 
     
     
       13. The valve assembly of  claim 12  wherein the sliding portion is biased toward the closed configuration by a spring coupled to each of the sliding actuators. 
     
     
       14. The valve assembly of  claim 12  wherein the sliding portion is operable to slide from the closed configuration to the open configuration upon application of a voltage. 
     
     
       15. The valve assembly of  claim 12  wherein the static portion comprises a first conductive finger structure and the sliding portion comprises a second conductive finger structure complimentary to the first conductive finger structure, and wherein the second conductive finger structure is driven toward the first conductive finger structure upon application of a voltage in the open configuration. 
     
     
       16. The valve assembly of  claim 12  wherein each of the sliding actuators of the number of actuators comprise a comb drive. 
     
     
       17. The valve assembly of  claim 12  wherein the number of sliding actuators comprise at least four sliding actuators arranged around the opening. 
     
     
       18. The valve assembly of  claim 12  wherein the sliding portion of each of the number of sliding actuators slide toward a center of the opening. 
     
     
       19. The valve assembly of  claim 12  wherein the opening is through a portion of the enclosure wall that separates a front volume chamber or a back volume chamber of a transducer from an ambient environment, and wherein opening and closing the opening using the number of sliding actuators opens and closes the front volume chamber or the back volume chamber to the ambient environment.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The application is a non-provisional application of co-pending U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/245,570, filed Sep. 17, 2021, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/247,435, filed Sep. 23, 2021, both of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     FIELD 
     An aspect of the disclosure is directed to a dynamic valve assembly for an electronic device, including a sliding or shutter type valve for an electronic device. Other aspects are also described and claimed. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Portable communications or listening devices (e.g., smart phones, earphones, etc.) have within them one or more transducers that convert an input electrical audio signal into a sound pressure wave output that can be heard by the user, or a sound pressure wave input into an electrical audio signal. The transducer (e.g., a speaker) can be used to, for example, output sound pressure waves corresponding to the voice of a far end user, such as during a telephone call, or to output sound pressure waves corresponding to sounds associated with a game or music the user wishes to play. Due to the relatively low profile of the portable devices, the transducers also have a relatively low profile, which in turn, can make it difficult to maintain optimal sound quality. 
     SUMMARY 
     An aspect of the disclosure is directed to a dynamic valve that can be used to control an amount of leak between an inner cavity and ambient. Representatively, in the case of earphones, in some cases a perfect seal (high impedance) is desired, whereas in other cases a very open path (low impedance) is desired. Representatively, in some cases, where the earphone fits relatively tightly within the ear and forms a seal with the ear canal, or at least a partial seal, user&#39;s may experience an undesirable occlusion effect. For example, during active noise control (ANC) or noise cancellation, the user may want the in-ear device to be isolated with passive isolation and ANC (closed valve) but when outdoors it may be desirable for transparency (open valve) so there is a more natural and lower occlusion effect when speaking. The valve therefore allows for the amount of leak to be dynamically controlled during system operation depending on the desired level of leak, and with lower power consumption. 
     Representatively, in some aspects, the disclosure is directed to a portable electronic device (e.g., a wearable such as an earphone) including an enclosure having an enclosure wall that forms an interior chamber and an opening to an environment surrounding the enclosure wall; and a valve comprising a number of sliding actuators operable to open and close the opening to the environment surrounding the enclosure wall. In some aspects, each of the sliding actuators are arranged around the opening and are operable to slide in a direction parallel to a plane of the enclosure wall to open and close the opening. In still further aspects, each of the sliding actuators include a static portion fixed to the enclosure wall and a sliding portion, wherein the sliding portion slides over the opening to a closed configuration in which the opening is covered and slides away from the opening to an open configuration in which the opening is uncovered. In some aspects, the sliding portion is biased toward the closed configuration by a spring coupled to each of the sliding actuators. In some aspects, each of the sliding actuators comprise a comb drive operable to transition from a closed configuration in which the opening is covered to an open configuration in which the opening is uncovered upon application of a voltage. In some aspects, each of the sliding actuators of the number of sliding actuators are independently operable to open and close the opening. 
     In still further aspects, the disclosure is directed to a portable electronic device including an enclosure having an enclosure wall that forms an interior chamber and a sound output port to an ambient environment; a transducer positioned within the interior chamber and dividing the interior chamber into a front volume chamber comprising a first side of the transducer and the sound output port and a back volume chamber comprising a second side of the transducer; and an electromechanical valve comprising a number of rotating actuators operable to open and close a vent to the interior chamber, the front volume chamber or the back volume chamber. In some aspects, the number of rotating actuators are operable to rotate about an axis that runs parallel to an axis of the vent. In some aspects, each of the number of rotating actuators comprise a triangular shaped member having a base portion connected to the enclosure at a pivot point. In some aspects, the number of rotating actuators are interconnected such that all of the number of rotating actuators rotate together to open or close the vent. In some aspects, the rotation of the number of rotating actuators is mechanically driven by a lever. 
     In still further aspects, the disclosure is directed to a valve assembly for a portable electronic device, the valve assembly including a number of sliding actuators operable to open and close an opening formed through an enclosure wall, each of the number of sliding actuators comprising: a static portion fixedly coupled to the enclosure wall; and a sliding portion slidably coupled to the static portion, and wherein the sliding portion is operable to slide in a direction parallel to a plane of the enclosure wall through which the opening is formed between a closed configuration in which the opening is covered by the sliding portion and an open configuration in which the opening is uncovered by the sliding portion. In some aspects, the sliding portion is biased toward the closed configuration by a spring coupled to each of the sliding actuators. In some aspects, the sliding portion is operable to slide from the closed configuration to the open configuration upon application of a voltage. In some aspects, the static portion includes a first conductive finger structure and the sliding portion comprises a second conductive finger structure complimentary to the first conductive finger structure, and wherein the second conductive finger structure is driven toward the first conductive finger structure upon application of a voltage in the open configuration. In some aspects, each of the sliding actuators of the number of actuators include a comb drive. In some aspects, each of the number of sliding actuators include at least four sliding actuators arranged around the opening. In some aspects, the sliding portion of each of the number of sliding actuators slide toward a center of the opening. In still further aspects, each of the sliding actuators of the number of sliding actuators are independently operable to slide between the open configuration and the closed configuration. In some aspects, the opening is through a portion of the enclosure wall that separates a front volume chamber or a back volume chamber of a transducer from an ambient environment, and wherein opening and closing the opening using the number of sliding actuators opens and closes the front volume chamber or the back volume chamber to the ambient environment. 
     The above summary does not include an exhaustive list of all aspects of the present disclosure. It is contemplated that the disclosure includes all systems and methods that can be practiced from all suitable combinations of the various aspects summarized above, as well as those disclosed in the Detailed Description below and particularly pointed out in the claims filed with the application. Such combinations have particular advantages not specifically recited in the above summary. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The aspects are illustrated by way of example and not by way of limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings in which like references indicate similar elements. It should be noted that references to “an” or “one” aspect in this disclosure are not necessarily to the same aspect, and they mean at least one. 
         FIG.  1    illustrates a cross-sectional side view of one aspect of a portable electronic device and/or transducer assembly having a valve. 
         FIG.  2 A  illustrates a top plan view of one aspect of a valve of the portable electronic device and/or transducer assembly of  FIG.  1    in an open configuration. 
         FIG.  2 B  illustrates a top plan view of one aspect of a valve of a portable electronic device and/or transducer assembly of  FIG.  1    in a closed configuration. 
         FIG.  3 A  illustrates a top plan view of one aspect of a valve of a portable electronic device and/or transducer assembly of  FIG.  1    in an open configuration. 
         FIG.  3 B  illustrates a top plan view of one aspect of a valve of a portable electronic device and/or transducer assembly of  FIG.  1    in a closed configuration. 
         FIG.  4    illustrates a block diagram of one aspect of an electronic device within which a transducer including the valve assembly of  FIG.  1   - FIG.  3 B  may be implemented. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In this section we shall explain several preferred aspects of this disclosure with reference to the appended drawings. Whenever the shapes, relative positions and other aspects of the parts described are not clearly defined, the scope of the disclosure is not limited only to the parts shown, which are meant merely for the purpose of illustration. Also, while numerous details are set forth, it is understood that some aspects of the disclosure may be practiced without these details. In other instances, well-known structures and techniques have not been shown in detail so as not to obscure the understanding of this description. 
     The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular aspects only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. Spatially relative terms, such as “beneath”, “below”, “lower”, “above”, “upper”, and the like may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element&#39;s or feature&#39;s relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term “below” can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device may be otherwise oriented (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly. 
     As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising” specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     The terms “or” and “and/or” as used herein are to be interpreted as inclusive or meaning any one or any combination. Therefore, “A, B or C” or “A, B and/or C” mean “any of the following: A; B; C; A and B; A and C; B and C; A, B and C.” An exception to this definition will occur only when a combination of elements, functions, steps or acts are in some way inherently mutually exclusive. 
       FIG.  1    illustrates a cross-sectional side view of one aspect of a valve assembly for a transducer positioned within a portable electronic device. The electronic device  100  may include a housing, casing or outer enclosure  102  that defines or closes off a chamber in which the constituent electronic components of electronic device  100  are contained. In some aspects, it is contemplated that device  100  may be a portable or mobile communications device, an in-ear device, portable time piece or any other device within which a transducer may be implemented. Enclosure  102  may include an enclosure wall  104  that separates a surrounding environment from an encased space or interior chamber  106  formed within enclosure  102 . In some cases, the enclosure wall  104  completely isolates or seals the entire, or a portion of, interior chamber  106  from the surrounding environment. For example, the enclosure wall  104  may form a water-proof or acoustically isolated portion of interior chamber  106  which is impermeable to water and/or air. The interior chamber  106  may be of a sufficient volume and/or size to accommodate the constituent components of electronic device  100 . The enclosure wall  104  may also include one or more of an acoustic port  108 . The acoustic port  108  may be, for example, a sound output port through which sound from a speaker positioned within interior chamber  106  may be output. In other aspects, where a microphone is positioned near enclosure acoustic port  108 , it could be a sound input port to allow for input of sound to the microphone. 
     Representatively, in one aspect shown in  FIG.  1   , enclosure acoustic port  108  is an acoustic port that is acoustically open to a transducer  110  positioned within interior chamber  106 . In some aspects, transducer  110  may be any type of electroacoustic transducer capable of converting an electrical audio signal into a sound or a sound into an electrical audio signal. Representatively, transducer  110  may be a speaker or a micro-speaker, for example, a miniaturized version of a loudspeaker that uses a moving coil motor to drive sound output. Thus, in some aspects, transducer  110  may be referred to herein as a micro-speaker. In other aspects, where transducer  110  converts sound into an electrical audio signal, it may further be referred to herein as a microphone. In some aspects, transducer  110  may be coupled to an interior wall  122  and be considered to divide interior chamber  106  into a front volume chamber  106 A and a back volume chamber  106 B around transducer  110 . In the case where transducer  110  is a speaker, front volume chamber  106 A may form a chamber having a first volume (V 1 ) around the sound output face or surface  110 A of transducer  110 . The front volume chamber  106 A (and first volume V 1 ) may be considered acoustically coupled to, or otherwise open to, acoustic port  108 . In this aspect, sound pressure waves output from surface  110 A of transducer  110  may pass through front volume chamber  106 A and out to the surrounding ambient environment  112  through acoustic port  108 . Back volume chamber  106 B may have a second volume (V 2 ) and surround the back side of transducer  110  (e.g., the side of transducer  110  opposite surface  110 A). 
     It is recognized that, for example, a size, volume, pressure or other aspects of front volume chamber  106 A or back volume chamber  106 B may impact the acoustic performance of transducer  110 . Thus, modifying the size, volume and/or pressure of front volume chamber  106 A and/or back volume chamber  106 B may be used to tune the acoustic performance of transducer  110 . For example, in some cases, it may be desirable for front volume chamber  106 A and/or back volume chamber  106 B to be isolated or sealed (e.g., high impedance) from the ambient environment  112  to achieve the desired acoustic performance. In other cases, it may be desirable for front volume chamber  106 A and/or back volume chamber  106 B to have a very open path (e.g., low impedance) and have some amount of leak to the surrounding ambient environment  112 . In still further aspects, it may be desirable for front volume chamber  106 A to have a leak, or otherwise be open to, back volume chamber  106 B. 
     With this in mind, valve assemblies or valve(s)  114 ,  116  and/or  118  may further be provided to vent an associated chamber. Valve  114 ,  116 , and/or  118  may open and/or close a vent or opening  120  from front volume chamber  106 A and/or back volume chamber  106 B to the ambient environment  112 , or a vent or opening  120  between front and back volume chambers  106 A-B. Representatively, valve  114  may open and/or close opening  120  formed through wall  104  between front volume chamber  106 A and ambient environment  112 . In other words, when valve  114  is open, front volume chamber  106 A can leak or vent to ambient environment  112  and when valve  114  is closed, the leak or venting is prevented. A leak or venting may be desired from front volume chamber  106 A where, for example, device  100  is an in-ear earpiece sealed within the user&#39;s ear but a more open feel is desired. Valve  116  may open and/or close opening  120  through wall  104  between back volume chamber  106 B and ambient environment  112 . In other words, when valve  116  is open, front volume chamber  106 A can leak or vent to back volume chamber  106 B, and when valve  116  is closed, the leak or venting is prevented. Valve  118  may open and/or close opening  120  through wall  122  between front volume chamber  106 A and back volume chamber  106 B. In this aspect, when valve  118  is open, back volume chamber  106 B can leak or vent to back volume chamber  106 B, and when valve  118  is closed, the leak or vent is prevented. In still further aspects, it is contemplated that one or more of valves  114 ,  116 ,  118  could be used to open and/or close an opening (e.g., opening  120 ) which is to another type of acoustic chamber, for example, an opening to an acoustic resonator or attenuator coupled to one or more of the previously discussed chambers or ports of the transducer. 
     In one aspect, one or more of valves  114 ,  116 ,  118  may be electromechanical valves that open and/or close in response to the application of a voltage. In this aspect, valves  114 ,  116 ,  118  may be dynamically actuated to control the amount of leak. In some aspects, one or more of valves  114 ,  116 ,  118  may be micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) actuators or valves. Valves  114 ,  116 ,  118  may be the same, or may be different. In some aspects, one or more of valves may offer the advantages of bistability, low power consumption switching from on/off states, digitization for controlling a percentage or amount of open area for venting, and/or silent operation. A number of representative configurations for valves  114 ,  116 ,  118  will now be described in reference to  FIG.  2 A - FIG.  3 B . 
     Representatively,  FIGS.  2 A- 2 B  illustrate a top plan view of a representative valve from  FIG.  1   . In this aspect,  FIG.  2 A  shows valve  114  used to open/close opening  210  formed in an enclosure wall (e.g., enclosure wall  104  of  FIG.  1   ) in an open position while  FIG.  2 B  shows valve  114  in a closed position. It should be understood, however, that although valve  114  is specifically discussed, one or more of valves  116  and/or  118  may be the same as valve  114  such that the description provided herein also applies to any other valves disclosed in  FIG.  1   . From this view, it can be seen that valve  114  is made up of a number of actuators  202 ,  204 ,  206 ,  208  that together operate to open/close opening  210 . Representatively, actuators  202 ,  204 ,  206 ,  208  may be electromechanical sliding actuators that are controlled by application of a voltage. It should further be understood that although four actuators  202 ,  204 ,  206 ,  208  are shown, any number of actuators necessary to open/close opening  210  may be used. In addition, actuators  202 ,  204 ,  206 ,  208  may be suitable for opening/closing any size opening  210 , for example, a small to medium sized opening or a slit. 
     Referring now in more detail to actuators  202 ,  204 ,  206 ,  208 , each of actuators may be sliding actuators including an anchored finger portion and a sliding biased portion that moves to open (uncover)/close (cover) opening  210 . Representatively, actuator  202  includes a static or anchored portion  202 A and a moving or sliding portion  202 B. In some aspects, actuator  202  may be comb drives or actuators including electrically conductive combs that can be driven toward and/or away from one another upon application of a voltage. Representatively, the anchored portion  202 A may be fixedly attached to, for example, the enclosure wall or housing through which opening  210  is formed and include an electrically conductive comb or finger  202 A- 1  that faces toward opening  210 . Fingers  202 A- 1  may be dimensioned to receive the sliding portion  202 B. Representatively, the sliding portion  202 B may include an electrically conductive comb or fingers  202 B- 1  that are complimentary to fingers  202 A- 1  such that fingers  202 B- 1  slide between fingers  202 A- 1  (or vice versa). The sliding portion  202 B may slide in a direction of the arrows, which is parallel to the plane of the enclosure wall the opening  210  is formed in. Said another way, sliding portion  202 B may slide in a direction perpendicular to an axis of opening  210 . In this aspect, when sliding portion  202 B slides over opening  210  (closed position), it covers a portion of opening  210 . On the other hand, when sliding portion  202 B slides away from opening  210  the portion of the opening  210  is uncovered (open position) as shown in  FIG.  2 B . In some aspects, sliding portion  202 B includes a spring or other biasing mechanism that biases the sliding portion  202 B away from the anchored portion  202 A and therefore toward the closed position shown in  FIG.  2 B . Representatively, in its natural or resting portion (e.g., no voltage is applied), sliding portion  202 B covers opening  210  as shown in  FIG.  2 B . Upon application of a voltage, the biasing force is overcome by the electrostatic forces between the combs and the sliding portion  202 B is caused to slide toward anchored portion  202 A as shown in  FIG.  2 A . This, in turn, uncovers or opens the opening  210  such that the volumes or chambers on opposite sides of the opening  210  are now connected or otherwise open to one another and so that venting can occur. 
     Actuators  204 ,  206  and  208  are substantially similar to sliding actuator  202  and operate in a similar manner to open/close opening  210 . Representatively, actuator  204  includes an anchored portion  204 A having an electrically conductive comb or fingers  204 A- 1  and a sliding portion  204 B having an electrically conductive comb or fingers  204 B- 1  that slide relative to fingers  204 A- 1  in the direction of the arrow, as previously discussed. Actuator  206  includes an anchored portion  206 A having an electrically conductive comb or fingers  206 A- 1  and sliding portion  206 B having an electrically conductive comb or fingers  206 B- 1  that slide relative to fingers  206 A- 1  in the direction of the arrow, as previously discussed. Actuator  208  includes an anchored portion  208 A having an electrically conductive comb or fingers  208 A- 1  and sliding portion  208 B having an electrically conductive comb or fingers  208 B- 1  that slide relative to fingers  208 A- 1  in the direction of arrow, as previously discussed. Similar to sliding actuator  202 , sliding actuators  204 ,  206 ,  208  transition to the open position shown in  FIG.  2 A  upon application of a voltage. Once the voltage is removed, the biasing force of the sliding portions  204 B,  206 B,  208 B causes the sliding portions  204 B,  206 B,  208 B to move (slide) back to the closed position shown in  FIG.  2 B . When all actuators  202 ,  204 ,  206 ,  208  are in the closed position shown in  FIG.  2 B , the opening  210  is completely covered and therefore closed. It should be understood, however, that each of actuators  202 ,  204 ,  206 ,  208  may be controlled in parallel (e.g., all opened or all closed) while in other aspects they may be independently or separately controlled. For example, a voltage may be applied to one or more of actuators  202 ,  204 ,  206 ,  208  to open one or more of actuators  202 ,  204 ,  206 ,  208  while a voltage is not applied to others such that the others remain closed. This allows for partial opening/closing of opening  210  depending on the desired level of venting. For example, where less venting is desired, only one of actuators  202 ,  204 ,  206 ,  208  may be opened while the others remain closed such that only a small portion of opening  210  is open to venting between the associated chambers. On the other hand, where more venting is desired, more than one of actuators  202 ,  204 ,  206 ,  208  may be opened so that a larger portion of opening  210  is open to venting between the associated chambers. In some aspects, the device may have an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)  222  that connects with, and is used to apply the voltage necessary to, dynamically control each of actuators  202 ,  204 ,  206 ,  208 . It may further be understood that an advantage of using actuators  202 ,  204 ,  206 ,  208  that slide to open/close opening  210  as disclosed herein is that they avoid the high sound pressure levels (SPL) that may occur when rotating valve flaps are instead used. In particular, actuators  202 ,  204 ,  206 ,  208  have a very low decibel SPL when transitioning between open/closed positions because they are operating in a direction perpendicular to (or across) the opening  210  as opposed to parallel to (or into) the opening  210 . As a result, they do not push air into opening  210 , or an associated chamber or channel connected to opening  210 , or otherwise cause a large volume displacement which could lead to higher SPLs. 
     Referring now to  FIGS.  3 A- 3 B ,  FIGS.  3 A- 3 B  illustrate top plan views of a representative valve from  FIG.  1   . In this aspect,  FIGS.  3 A- 3 B  show valve  114  used to open/close opening  210  formed in an enclosure wall (e.g., enclosure wall  104  of  FIG.  1   ). As previously discussed, however, the description of valve  114  applies to any one or more of valves  116  and/or  118  disclosed in  FIG.  1   . In some aspects, valve may be a shutter type valve similar to that which may be found in a camera and which will allow the user to control the size of the opening  210 , and in turn, the amount of venting between the associated chambers. Representatively, valve  114  may be made up of a number of actuators  302  that rotate about a pivot point or hinge  304  and together operate to open/close opening  310 . In some aspects, actuators  302  may be mechanical actuators that are mechanically or manually controlled without an electrical input. In other aspects, actuators  302  may be electromechanical actuators that are controlled by application of a voltage. It should further be understood that any number of actuators  302  necessary to open/close opening  310  may be used. In addition, actuators  302  may be suitable for opening/closing any size opening  310 , for example, a small to medium sized opening, a slit, a circular opening or the like. 
     Referring now in more detail to actuators  302 , each of actuators  302  may be coupled to the enclosure wall or surface through which the opening  310  is formed at a pivot point  304 . The actuators  302  are operable to rotate around the pivot point  304  (as shown by the arrow) between an open position in which the opening  310  is not covered ( FIG.  3 A ) and a closed position in which the opening  310  is covered ( FIG.  3 B ). The actuators  302  may rotate within a plane parallel to the plane of the enclosure wall the opening  310  is formed in. Said another way, actuators  302  may rotate around an axis (or pivot point  304 ) that runs parallel to an axis of opening  310 . In some aspects, actuators  302  may have a triangular shape as shown. In this aspect, the pivot point  304  may be at a corner of the base or widest end of the triangularly shaped actuators  302  while the body and apex of the triangle extends into opening  310  and is used to cover opening  310 . In this aspect, as the actuators  302  rotate in one direction around pivot point  304  (e.g., clockwise direction), the pointed ends of each of actuators  302  extend further into opening  310  until they eventually cover opening  310  as shown in  FIG.  3 B . When the actuators  302  rotate in the other direction around pivot point  304  (e.g., counterclockwise), the pointed ends of each of actuators  302  move away from opening  310  until they eventually uncover opening  310  as shown in  FIG.  3 A . In some aspects, actuators  302  may be interconnected such that the rotation of one of actuators  302  may drive rotation of all the actuators  302 . Actuators  302  may be rotated to a number of positions between the fully open and closed positions shown in  FIGS.  3 A- 3 B  depending on the desired diameter (D) of opening  310 . Representatively, actuators  302  may be rotated to a fully open position ( FIG.  3 A ), fully closed position ( FIG.  3 B ) or between the open/closed position such that opening is less than diameter D. 
     As previously discussed, actuators  302  may be mechanical actuators that are mechanically or manually controlled without an electrical input. Representatively, in some aspects, an actuating arm or lever  306  may be coupled to one or more of actuators  302 , or another mechanism which can be used to transfer a force of actuating arm or lever  306  to actuators  302 . Actuating arm or lever  306  may be advanced in a direction parallel to the arrow as shown to rotate actuators  302  to the open or closed positions as previously discussed. Representatively, in one aspect, actuating arm or lever  306  may be advanced to the left to transition actuators  302  to the closed position shown in  FIG.  3 B . To transition actuators  302  back to the open position, actuating arm or lever  306  may be advanced to the right. In some aspects, the actuating arm or lever  306  must continue to be positioned to the right (or in the open position) to keep actuators  302  in the open position. In some aspects, zero open power may be used by incorporating a bias-spring or a bistable component into actuators  302  and/or lever  306 . For example, actuators  302  may be bistable actuators that can maintain both the open and closed positions in the absence of power. In still further aspects, it is contemplated that a magnetic component may be incorporated into the actuator arm or lever  306  and use a magnet to lock the lever and hold it in the open or closed position with zero power. In still further aspects, it is contemplated that actuators  302  may include shape/memory allows that remember mechanical positions based on temperature (e.g., heat/cool) and help to maintain the position of lever  306 . 
     It should be understood that although the valves disclosed herein are primarily described in the context of an acoustic application, they may be used with any type of electronic device where dynamic control of a size of a vent, port, slit, channel or other opening is desired. For example, the valves may be used for controlling a camera aperture size. 
       FIG.  4    illustrates a block diagram of one aspect of an electronic device within which the previously discussed transducer and/or valve assembly may be implemented. As shown in  FIG.  4   , device  400  may be any type of portable device within which a transducer and/or valve assembly disclosed herein may be desired, for example, an earpiece (e.g., in-ear earpiece, hearing aid or the like), mobile phone, personal digital assistant, portable timepiece, camera or other portable device. Device  400  may include storage  402 . Storage  402  may include one or more different types of storage such as hard disk drive storage, nonvolatile memory (e.g., flash memory or other electrically-programmable-read-only memory), volatile memory (e.g., battery-based static or dynamic random-access-memory), etc. 
     Processing circuitry  404  may be used to control the operation of device  400 . Processing circuitry  404  may be based on a processor such as a microprocessor and other suitable integrated circuits. With one suitable arrangement, processing circuitry  404  and storage  402  are used to run software on device  400 , such as internet browsing applications, voice-over-internet-protocol (VOIP) telephone call applications, email applications, media playback applications, operating system functions, etc. Processing circuitry  404  and storage  402  may be used in implementing suitable communications protocols. Communications protocols that may be implemented using processing circuitry  404  and storage  402  include internet protocols, wireless local area network protocols (e.g., IEEE 802.11 protocols—sometimes referred to as Wi-Fi®), protocols for other short-range wireless communications links such as the Bluetooth® protocol, protocols for handling 3G or 4G communications services (e.g., using wide band code division multiple access techniques), 2G cellular telephone communications protocols, etc. 
     To minimize power consumption, processing circuitry  404  may include power management circuitry to implement power management functions. For example, processing circuitry  404  may be used to adjust the gain settings of amplifiers (e.g., radio-frequency power amplifier circuitry) on device  400 . Processing circuitry  404  may also be used to adjust the power supply voltages that are provided to portions of the circuitry on device  400 . For example, higher direct-current (DC) power supply voltages may be supplied to active circuits and lower DC power supply voltages may be supplied to circuits that are less active or that are inactive. If desired, processing circuitry  404  may be used to implement a control scheme in which the power amplifier circuitry is adjusted to accommodate transmission power level requests received from a wireless network. 
     Input-output devices  406  may be used to allow data to be supplied to device  400  and to allow data to be provided from device  400  to external devices. Display screens, microphone acoustic ports, speaker acoustic ports, and docking ports are examples of input-output devices  406 . For example, input-output devices  406  can include user input-output devices  608  such as buttons, touch screens, joysticks, click wheels, scrolling wheels, touch pads, key pads, keyboards, microphones, cameras, etc. A user can control the operation of device  400  by supplying commands through user input devices  408 . Display and audio devices  410  may include liquid-crystal display (LCD) screens or other screens, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and other components that present visual information and status data. Display and audio devices  410  may also include audio equipment such as speakers and other devices for creating sound. Display and audio devices  410  may contain audio-video interface equipment such as jacks and other connectors for external headphones and monitors. 
     Wireless communications devices  412  may include communications circuitry such as radio-frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry formed from one or more integrated circuits, power amplifier circuitry, passive RF components, antennas, and other circuitry for handling RF wireless signals. Wireless signals can also be sent using light (e.g., using infrared communications). Representatively, in the case of a speaker acoustic port, the speaker may be associated with the port and be in communication with an RF antenna for transmission of signals from the far end user to the speaker. 
     Returning to  FIG.  4   , device  400  can communicate with external devices such as accessories  414 , computing equipment  416 , and wireless network  418  as shown by paths  420  and  422 . Paths  420  may include wired and wireless paths. Path  422  may be a wireless path. Accessories  414  may include headphones (e.g., a wireless cellular headset or audio headphones) and audio-video equipment (e.g., wireless speakers, a game controller, or other equipment that receives and plays audio and video content), a peripheral such as a wireless printer or camera, etc. 
     Computing equipment  416  may be any suitable computer. With one suitable arrangement, computing equipment  416  is a computer that has an associated wireless access point (router) or an internal or external wireless card that establishes a wireless connection with device  400 . The computer may be a server (e.g., an internet server), a local area network computer with or without internet access, a user&#39;s own personal computer, a peer device (e.g., another portable electronic device), or any other suitable computing equipment. 
     Wireless network  418  may include any suitable network equipment, such as cellular telephone base stations, cellular towers, wireless data networks, computers associated with wireless networks, etc. For example, wireless network  418  may include network management equipment that monitors the wireless signal strength of the wireless handsets (cellular telephones, handheld computing devices, etc.) that are in communication with network  418 . 
     While certain aspects have been described and shown in the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that such aspects are merely illustrative of and not restrictive on the broad disclosure, and that the disclosure is not limited to the specific constructions and arrangements shown and described, since various other modifications may occur to those of ordinary skill in the art. The description is thus to be regarded as illustrative instead of limiting. For example, although a speaker is specifically disclosed herein, the valve disclosed herein could be used with other types of transducers, for example, microphones. In addition, in some aspects, the valve could be used to open/close the opening to an acoustic resonator or attenuator coupled to a transducer. Still further, although a portable electronic device such as a mobile communications device is described herein, any of the previously discussed valve and transducer configurations may be implemented within a tablet computer, personal computer, laptop computer, notebook computer, headphones and the like. Moreover, in some aspects, the valve assemblies disclosed herein could be used with other types of electronic devices, for example, a camera. In addition, to aid the Patent Office and any readers of any patent issued on this application in interpreting the claims appended hereto, applicants wish to note that they do not intend any of the appended claims or claim elements to invoke 35 U.S.C. 112(f) unless the words “means for” or “step for” are explicitly used in the particular claim.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20220802
Publication Date: 20240903
Grant Date: 20240903
Priority Date: 20210917
Inventors: HATIPOGLU, Gokhan
HRUDEY, PETER C.
GRINKER, SCOTT C.
JAIN, ANKUR
WRIGHT, PATRICK B.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H04R1/2811", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04R2499/11", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04R1/1058", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04R1/2849", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04R1/1058", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 85383981