PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-11128786-B2
Application Number: US-201414550590-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Bending a circuit-bearing die

Abstract:
An image sensor device includes a substrate, a die, and an adhesive layer positioned between the substrate and the die. The substrate includes a first side having a curved surface. The die includes an image sensor component attached to the curved surface of the substrate. At least a portion of the die comprising the image sensor component has a curved surface. The adhesive layer positioned between the curved surface of the substrate and the die provides a fixed attachment between the die and the substrate.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A camera, the camera comprising:
 one or more lenses for directing light to an image sensor component of the camera; and 
 an image sensor device, wherein the image sensor device comprises:
 a substrate, wherein the substrate comprises a first side having a curved surface; and 
 a die attached to the curved surface of the substrate, the die comprising:
 a critical area that includes the image sensor component; and 
 areas on opposing sides of the critical area having sufficient surface area to make contact with ridges of a bond tool to create a curvature of the die and avoid contact between the bond tool and critical areas of the die; 
 
 wherein at least a portion of the die comprising the image sensor component has a curved surface. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The camera of  claim 1 , wherein,
 the at least a portion of the die comprising the image sensor component having a curved surface further comprises
 at least a portion of the die comprising the image sensor component having a curved surface conforming to a focal radius of one of the one or more lenses for directing light to the image sensor component, wherein
 the at least a portion of the die comprising the image sensor component having a curved surface includes a curved surface bent after separation of the die from other dice of a wafer to conform to a focal radius of one of the one or more lenses for directing light to the image sensor component. 
 
 
 
     
     
       3. The camera of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 an adhesive layer positioned between the curved surface of the substrate and the die, wherein
 the adhesive layer provides a fixed attachment between the die and the substrate. 
 
 
     
     
       4. The camera of  claim 3 , wherein
 the adhesive layer comprises a heat-cured adhesive layer for providing a fixed alignment between the die and the one or more lenses. 
 
     
     
       5. The camera of  claim 3 , wherein
 the adhesive layer comprises a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer for providing a fixed alignment between the die and the one or more lenses. 
 
     
     
       6. The camera of  claim 3 , wherein
 the adhesive layer comprises a light-cured layer for providing a fixed alignment between the die and the one or more lenses. 
 
     
     
       7. The camera of  claim 3 , wherein
 a surface area of the adhesive layer is equal to a surface area of the curved surface of the substrate. 
 
     
     
       8. The camera of  claim 3 , wherein
 a surface area of the adhesive layer is smaller than a surface area of the curved surface of the substrate. 
 
     
     
       9. The camera of  claim 1 , wherein,
 the substrate further comprises:
 a second side having a flat surface for attachment of the substrate to an articulating component for articulating the lens to the image sensor. 
 
 
     
     
       10. The camera of  claim 1 , wherein
 the first side having a curved surface further comprises
 at least a portion of the substrate having a curved surface conforming to a focal radius of one of the one or more lenses for directing light to the image sensor component. 
 
 
     
     
       11. An image sensor device, the image sensor device comprising:
 a substrate, wherein the substrate comprises a first side having a curved surface; and
 a die attached to the curved surface of the substrate, the die comprising:
 a critical area that includes the image sensor component; and 
 areas on opposing sides of the critical area having sufficient surface area to make contact with ridges of a bond tool to create a curvature of the die and avoid contact between the bond tool and critical areas of the die; 
 
 wherein at least a portion of the die comprising the image sensor component has a curved surface, and 
 
 an adhesive layer positioned between the curved surface of the substrate and the die, wherein a surface area of the adhesive layer is equal to a surface area of the curved surface of the substrate. 
 
     
     
       12. The image sensor device of  claim 11 , wherein,
 the at least a portion of the die comprising the image sensor component having a curved surface further comprises
 at least a portion of the die comprising the image sensor component having a curved surface conforming to a focal radius of a lens for depositing light on the image sensor component in a camera comprising the image sensor device. 
 
 
     
     
       13. The image sensor device of  claim 12 , wherein
 the at least a portion of the die comprising the image sensor component having a curved surface includes a curved surface bent after separation of the die from other dice of a wafer to conform to a focal radius of one of the lens. 
 
     
     
       14. The image sensor device of  claim 11 ,
 wherein the adhesive layer comprises
 a heat-cured adhesive layer for providing a fixed alignment between the die and a lens in a camera comprising the image sensor device. 
 
 
     
     
       15. The image sensor device of  claim 11 ,
 wherein the adhesive layer comprises
 a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer for providing a fixed alignment between the die and a lens in a camera comprising the image sensor device. 
 
 
     
     
       16. The image sensor device of  claim 11 ,
 wherein the adhesive layer comprises
 a light-cured adhesive layer for providing a fixed alignment between the die and a lens in a camera comprising the image sensor device. 
 
 
     
     
       17. The image sensor device of  claim 11 , wherein,
 the first side having a curved surface further comprises
 at least a portion of the substrate having a curved surface conforming to a focal radius of a lens for depositing light on the image sensor component in a camera comprising the image sensor device. 
 
 
     
     
       18. The image sensor device of  claim 11 ,
 wherein
 the adhesive layer provides a fixed attachment between the die and the substrate. 
 
 
     
     
       19. The image sensor device of  claim 11 , wherein the substrate further comprises:
 a second side having a flat surface for attachment of the substrate to an articulating component for articulating a lens to the image sensor.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     Technical Field 
     This disclosure relates generally to camera components. 
     Description of the Related Art 
     For high-end (and particularly for mobile) computing devices, it is common to incorporate miniature cameras. Such high-end mobile computing devices are referred to as multifunction devices. 
     Demands on improvements to performance of such miniature cameras are constant, as are demands for continued miniaturization, given the added features and devices added to such mobile devices. 
     In particular, demands to decrease the dimensions of camera components and demands for high image quality continue to create an ongoing desire for camera components that exhibit superior performance as measured in various ways, while consuming less space and energy. 
     SUMMARY OF EMBODIMENTS 
     Some embodiments provide an image sensor device that includes a substrate, a die, and an adhesive layer positioned between the substrate and the die. The substrate includes a first side having a curved surface. The die includes an image sensor component attached to the curved surface of the substrate. At least a portion of the die comprising the image sensor component has a curved surface. The adhesive layer positioned between the curved surface of the substrate and the die provides a fixed attachment between the die and the substrate. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  depicts a set of parts and tools for a process for bending a circuit-bearing die, according to some embodiments. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a set of parts and tools after placement of an adhesive layer on a substrate in a process for bending a circuit-bearing die, according to some embodiments. 
         FIG. 3  depicts a set of parts and tools after placement of a die on an adhesive layer in a process for bending a circuit-bearing die, according to some embodiments. 
         FIG. 4  illustrates a set of parts and tools during application of a bond tool in a process for bending a circuit-bearing die, according to some embodiments. 
         FIG. 5  depicts a curved circuit-bearing die and tools after application of a bond tool in a process for bending a circuit-bearing die, according to some embodiments. 
         FIG. 6  illustrates a bent circuit-bearing die resulting from a process for bending a circuit-bearing die, according to some embodiments. 
         FIG. 7  depicts a bond tool for use in a process for bending a circuit-bearing die, according to some embodiments. 
         FIG. 8  is a high-level logical flowchart of a process for bending a circuit-bearing die, according to some embodiments. 
         FIG. 9  illustrates a lens of a camera directing light onto an image sensor in a curved die resulting from a process of bending a circuit-bearing die according to some embodiments. 
         FIG. 10  depicts a block diagram of a portable multifunction device with a camera in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 11  illustrates a portable multifunction device having a camera in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 12  depicts an example computer system configured to implement aspects of the system and method for bending a circuit-bearing die, according to some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     This specification includes references to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment.” The appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner consistent with this disclosure. 
     “Comprising.” This term is open-ended. As used in the appended claims, this term does not foreclose additional structure or steps. Consider a claim that recites: “An apparatus comprising one or more processor units . . . .” Such a claim does not foreclose the apparatus from including additional components (e.g., a network interface unit, graphics circuitry, etc.). 
     “Configured To.” Various units, circuits, or other components may be described or claimed as “configured to” perform a task or tasks. In such contexts, “configured to” is used to connote structure by indicating that the units/circuits/components include structure (e.g., circuitry) that performs those task or tasks during operation. As such, the unit/circuit/component can be said to be configured to perform the task even when the specified unit/circuit/component is not currently operational (e.g., is not on). The units/circuits/components used with the “configured to” language include hardware—for example, circuits, memory storing program instructions executable to implement the operation, etc. Reciting that a unit/circuit/component is “configured to” perform one or more tasks is expressly intended not to invoke 35 U.S.C. § 112, sixth paragraph, for that unit/circuit/component. Additionally, “configured to” can include generic structure (e.g., generic circuitry) that is manipulated by software and/or firmware (e.g., an FPGA or a general-purpose processor executing software) to operate in manner that is capable of performing the task(s) at issue. “Configure to” may also include adapting a manufacturing process (e.g., a semiconductor fabrication facility) to fabricate devices (e.g., integrated circuits) that are adapted to implement or perform one or more tasks. 
     “First,” “Second,” etc. As used herein, these terms are used as labels for nouns that they precede, and do not imply any type of ordering (e.g., spatial, temporal, logical, etc.). For example, a buffer circuit may be described herein as performing write operations for “first” and “second” values. The terms “first” and “second” do not necessarily imply that the first value must be written before the second value. 
     “Based On.” As used herein, this term is used to describe one or more factors that affect a determination. This term does not foreclose additional factors that may affect a determination. That is, a determination may be solely based on those factors or based, at least in part, on those factors. Consider the phrase “determine A based on B.” While in this case, B is a factor that affects the determination of A, such a phrase does not foreclose the determination of A from also being based on C. In other instances, A may be determined based solely on B. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Introduction 
     In some embodiments, a multifunction device includes a camera. In some embodiments, the camera includes one or more lenses for directing light to an image sensor component of the camera. In some embodiments, the camera includes an image sensor device. In some embodiments, the image sensor device includes a substrate. In some embodiments, the substrate includes a first side having a curved surface. In some embodiments, the image sensor device includes a die. In some embodiments, the die includes the image sensor component, and the die is attached to the curved surface of the substrate. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the die including the image sensor component has a curved surface. In some embodiments, the die is a circuit-bearing die of gallium arsenide or silicon, though one of skill in the art will readily comprehend in light of having read the present disclosure that other circuit bearing materials may be substituted for silicon without deviating from the scope and intent of the present disclosure. 
     In some embodiments, the at least a portion of the die including the image sensor component having a curved surface further includes at least a portion of the die including the image sensor component having a curved surface conforming to a focal radius of one of the one or more lenses for directing light to the image sensor component. 
     Some embodiments further include a heat-cured adhesive layer positioned between the curved surface of the substrate and the die. In some embodiments, the heat-cured adhesive layer provides a fixed attachment between the die and the substrate. 
     In some embodiments, the substrate further includes a second side having a flat surface for attachment of the substrate to an articulating component for articulating the lens to the image sensor. 
     In some embodiments, the first side having a curved surface further includes at least a portion of the substrate having a curved surface conforming to a focal radius of one of the one or more lenses for directing light to the image sensor component. 
     Some embodiments include an image sensor device. In some embodiments, the image sensor device includes a substrate. In some embodiments, the substrate includes a first side having a curved surface, a die including an image sensor component attached to the curved surface of the substrate, and an adhesive layer positioned between the curved surface of the substrate and the die. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the die including the image sensor component has a curved surface, and the adhesive layer provides a fixed attachment between the die and the substrate. 
     In some embodiments, the at least a portion of the die including the image sensor component having a curved surface further includes at least a portion of the die including the image sensor component having a curved surface conforming to a focal radius of a lens for depositing light on the image sensor component in a camera including the image sensor device. 
     In some embodiments, the adhesive layer positioned between the curved surface of the substrate and the die further includes a heat-cured adhesive layer for providing a fixed alignment between the die and the lens. In some embodiments, the adhesive layer positioned between the curved surface of the substrate and the die further includes a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer for providing a fixed alignment between the die and the lens. 
     In some embodiments, the adhesive layer positioned between the curved surface of the substrate and the die further includes a light-cured adhesive layer for providing a fixed alignment between the die and the lens. 
     In some embodiments, the first side having a curved surface further includes at least a portion of the substrate having a curved surface conforming to a focal radius of a lens for depositing light on the image sensor component in a camera including the image sensor device. 
     Some embodiments include a method for manufacturing an image sensor device. In some embodiments, the method includes depositing an adhesive layer onto a substrate in a stage tool. In some embodiments, the depositing is performed after the die is separated from other dice of the wafer. In some embodiments, the substrate includes a curved surface positioned in the stage tool to receive the adhesive layer. In some embodiments, the method includes depositing a die onto the adhesive layer. In some embodiments, the die contains an image sensor. In some embodiments, the method includes applying pressure to the die using a bond tool. In some embodiments, the applying pressure to the die further includes applying a pressure calculated to create a curvature of the die corresponding to a curvature of the curved surface of the substrate. In some embodiments, the method includes curing the adhesive. In some embodiments, the curing the adhesive further includes delivering energy to the adhesive using the bond tool. 
     In some embodiments, the depositing the adhesive layer onto a substrate in the stage tool further includes depositing the adhesive onto a surface area smaller than a surface area of the curved surface of the substrate. 
     In some embodiments, the applying pressure to the die further includes applying the pressure using a bond tool having a cavity on a surface of the bond tool for prevention of contact with critical areas of the die. Some embodiments further include positioning a substrate in a stage tool. 
     In some embodiments, the positioning a substrate in the stage tool further includes positioning the substrate with a flat side of a substrate facing a complementary surface of the stage tool and a curved surface of the substrate facing an opening of the stage tool designed for receiving the die and bond tool. 
     In some embodiments, the delivering energy to the adhesive using the bond tool is performed subsequent to initiation of the applying pressure calculated to create the curvature of the die corresponding to the curvature of the curved surface of the substrate. 
     In some embodiments, the delivering energy to the adhesive using the bond tool is performed prior to the applying pressure calculated to create the curvature of the die corresponding to the curvature of the curved surface of the substrate. In some embodiments, the delivering energy to the adhesive using the bond tool further includes delivering kinetic energy to a pressure-sensitive adhesive using a strike of the bond tool. 
     In some embodiments, the delivering energy to the adhesive using the bond tool further includes delivering thermal energy to the adhesive using a thermal resistor located within the bond tool. 
     In some embodiments, the delivering energy to the adhesive using the bond tool further includes delivering light energy to the adhesive using a light source. 
     Some embodiments include a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium including program instructions. In some embodiments, the program instructions are executable by one or more processors to cause a manufacturing system to implement depositing an adhesive layer onto a substrate in a stage tool. In some embodiments, the substrate includes a curved surface positioned in the stage tool to receive the adhesive layer. 
     In some embodiments, the program instructions are executable by one or more processors to cause a manufacturing system to implement depositing a die onto the adhesive layer. In some embodiments, the die contains an image sensor. 
     In some embodiments, the program instructions are executable by one or more processors to cause a manufacturing system to implement applying pressure to the die using a bond tool. In some embodiments, the applying pressure to the die further includes applying a pressure calculated to create a curvature of the die corresponding to a curvature of the curved surface of the substrate. 
     In some embodiments, the program instructions are executable by one or more processors to cause a manufacturing system to implement curing the adhesive. In some embodiments, the curing the adhesive further includes delivering energy to the adhesive using the bond tool. 
     In some embodiments, the program instructions executable by one or more processors to cause a manufacturing system to implement depositing the adhesive layer onto a substrate in the stage tool further include program instructions executable by one or more processors to cause a manufacturing system to implement depositing the adhesive onto a surface area smaller than a surface area of the curved surface of the substrate. 
     In some embodiments, the program instructions executable by one or more processors to cause a manufacturing system to implement applying pressure to the die further include program instructions executable by one or more processors to cause a manufacturing system to implement applying the pressure using a bond tool having a cavity on a surface of the bond tool for prevention of contact with critical areas of the die. 
     In some embodiments, the program instructions executable by one or more processors further include program instructions executable by one or more processors to cause a manufacturing system to implement positioning a substrate in a stage tool. In some embodiments, the program instructions executable by one or more processors to cause a manufacturing system to implement positioning a substrate in the stage tool further include program instructions executable by one or more processors to cause a manufacturing system to implement positioning the substrate with a flat side of a substrate facing a complementary surface of the stage tool and a curved surface of the substrate facing an opening of the stage tool designed for receiving the die and bond tool. 
     In some embodiments, the delivering energy to the adhesive using the bond tool is performed subsequent to initiation of the applying pressure calculated to create the curvature of the die corresponding to the curvature of the curved surface of the substrate. In some embodiments, the delivering energy to the adhesive using the bond tool is performed prior to the applying pressure calculated to create the curvature of the die corresponding to the curvature of the curved surface of the substrate. 
     In some embodiments, the delivering energy to the adhesive using the bond tool further includes delivering kinetic energy to a pressure-sensitive adhesive using a strike of the bond tool. In some embodiments, the delivering energy to the adhesive using the bond tool further includes delivering thermal energy to the adhesive using a thermal resistor located within the bond tool. In some embodiments, the delivering energy to the adhesive using the bond tool further includes delivering light energy to the adhesive using a light source. 
     Some embodiments include a bond tool. In some embodiments, the bond tool includes a pressure surface for applying pressure to a die, a cavity on a surface of the bond tool for prevention of contact with critical areas of the die, and an energy conduction mass for delivering energy to the die. Some embodiments include a stage tool. In some embodiments, the stage tool includes a flat horizontal surface of the stage tool for receiving a flat surface of a substrate and one or more vertical members for maintaining a horizontal position of the substrate during bending of the circuit-bearing die. 
     Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that some embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments. 
     It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first contact could be termed a second contact, and, similarly, a second contact could be termed a first contact, without departing from the intended scope. The first contact and the second contact are both contacts, but they are not the same contact. 
     The terminology used in the description herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     As used herein, the term “if” may be construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” may be construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event],” depending on the context. 
     Embodiments of electronic devices, user interfaces for such devices, and associated processes for using such devices are described. In some embodiments, the device is a portable communications device, such as a mobile telephone, that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/or music player functions. Exemplary embodiments of portable multifunction devices include, without limitation, the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. Other portable electronic devices, such as laptops or tablet computers with touch-sensitive surfaces (e.g., touch screen displays and/or touch pads), may also be used. It should also be understood that, in some embodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but is a desktop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch screen display and/or a touch pad). In some embodiments, the device is a gaming computer with orientation sensors (e.g., orientation sensors in a gaming controller). In other embodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but is a camera. 
     In the discussion that follows, an electronic device that includes a display and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should be understood, however, that the electronic device may include one or more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physical keyboard, a mouse and/or a joystick. 
     The device typically supports a variety of applications, such as one or more of the following: a drawing application, a presentation application, a word processing application, a website creation application, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheet application, a gaming application, a telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, a workout support application, a photo management application, a digital camera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing application, a digital music player application, and/or a digital video player application. 
     The various applications that may be executed on the device may use at least one common physical user-interface device, such as the touch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitive surface as well as corresponding information displayed on the device may be adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physical architecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the device may support the variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and transparent to the user. 
     Example Embodiment Components 
       FIG. 1  depicts a set of parts and tools for a process for bending a circuit-bearing die, according to some embodiments.  FIG. 1  is an exploded view of the assembly process.  FIG. 1  shows a bond tool  1010 , a die  1020  with an image sensor  1030 , an adhesive layer  1040 , a substrate  1050 , and a stage tool  1060  with vertical members  1070   a - 1070   d  and a horizontal flat surface  1080 . 
     Some embodiments include a method for manufacturing an image sensor device. In some embodiments, the method includes depositing the adhesive layer  1040  onto the substrate  1050  seated in the stage tool  1060 . In some embodiments, the substrate includes a curved surface  1055  and is positioned in the stage tool  1060  to receive the adhesive layer  1040 . In some embodiments, the method includes depositing a die  1020  onto the adhesive layer  1040 . In some embodiments, the die  1020  contains an image sensor  1030 . In some embodiments, the method includes applying pressure to the die  1020  using the bond tool  1010 . In some embodiments, the applying pressure to the die  1020  further includes applying a pressure calculated to create a curvature of the die  1020  corresponding to a curvature of the curved surface  1055  of the substrate  1050 . In some embodiments, the method includes curing the adhesive  1040 . In some embodiments, the curing the adhesive  1040  further includes delivering energy to the adhesive  1040  using the bond tool  1010 . 
     While the adhesive layer  1040  of  FIG. 1  is shown as being equal in area to the area of the curved surface  1055  of the substrate  1050 , one of skill in the art will readily comprehend in light of having read the present specification that, in some embodiments, the depositing the adhesive layer  1040  onto a substrate  1050  in the stage tool  1060  further includes depositing the adhesive  1040  onto a surface area smaller than a surface area of the curved surface  1055  of the substrate  1050 . 
     In some embodiments, the positioning a substrate  1050  in the stage tool  1060  further includes positioning the substrate  1050  with a flat side (2 of 5 visible) of a substrate  1050  facing a complementary surface  1080  of the stage tool  1060  and a curved surface  1055  of the substrate  1050  facing an opening (e.g., above flat surface  1080 ) of the stage tool  1060  designed for receiving the die  1020  and bond tool  1010 . 
     In some embodiments, the delivering energy to the adhesive  1040  using the bond tool  1010  is performed subsequent to initiation of the applying pressure calculated to create the curvature of the die  1020  corresponding to the curvature of the curved surface  1055  of the substrate  1050 . 
     In some embodiments, the delivering energy to the adhesive  1040  using the bond tool  1010  is performed prior to the applying pressure calculated to create the curvature of the die  1020  corresponding to the curvature of the curved surface  1055  of the substrate  1050 . In some embodiments, the delivering energy to the adhesive  1040  using the bond tool  1010  further includes delivering kinetic energy to a pressure-sensitive adhesive  1040  using a strike of the bond tool  1010  against the die  1020 . 
     In some embodiments, the delivering energy to the adhesive  1040  using the bond tool  1010  further includes delivering thermal energy to the adhesive  1040  using a thermal resistor (not shown) located within the bond tool  1010 . Alternatively, the bond tool  1010  can receive heat from a heating element external to the bond tool  1010 . 
     In some embodiments, the delivering energy to the adhesive  1040  using the bond tool  1010  further includes delivering light energy to the adhesive  1040  using a light source (not shown) located within or mounted on bond tool  1010 . 
     In some embodiments, a multifunction device includes a camera. A multifunction device having such a camera is described below with respect to  FIGS. 10-11 . In some embodiments, the camera includes one or more lenses (e.g., as illustrated with respect to  FIG. 9  and discussed below) for directing light to an image sensor component (e.g., as illustrated in  FIG. 6  and described below) of the camera. In some embodiments, the camera (e.g., camera  164  of  FIG. 10-11 ) includes an image sensor device (e.g. image sensor device  6000  of  FIG. 6 ). Turning briefly to  FIG. 6 , in some embodiments, the image sensor device  6000  includes a substrate  6050 . In some embodiments, the substrate includes a first side having a curved surface (e.g., curved surface  1055  shown in  FIG. 1 ). In some embodiments, the image sensor device  6000  includes a die  6020 . In some embodiments, the die  6020  includes the image sensor component  6030 , and the die  6020  is attached to the curved surface (e.g., curved surface  1055  shown in  FIG. 1 ) of the substrate  6050 . 
     In some embodiments, at least a portion of the die  6020  including the image sensor component  6030  has a curved surface. In some embodiments, the at least a portion of the die  6020  including the image sensor component  6030  having a curved surface further includes at least a portion of the die  6020  including the image sensor component  6030  having a curved surface conforming to a focal radius of one of the one or more lenses for directing light to the image sensor component  6030  (e.g., as illustrated with respect to  FIG. 9  and discussed below). 
     Some embodiments further include a heat-cured adhesive layer  6040  positioned between the curved surface of the substrate  6050  and the die  6020 . In some embodiments, the heat-cured adhesive layer  6040  provides a fixed attachment between the die  6030  and the substrate  6050 . 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a set of parts and tools after placement of an adhesive layer on a substrate in a process for bending a circuit-bearing die, according to some embodiments.  FIG. 2  shows a bond tool  2010 , an adhesive layer  2040 , a substrate  2050 , and a stage tool  2060  with vertical members  2070   a - 2070   d  and a horizontal flat surface (not visible in  FIG. 2 ). 
     Some embodiments include a method for manufacturing an image sensor device. In some embodiments, the method includes depositing the adhesive layer  2040  onto the substrate  2050  seated in the stage tool  2060 . In some embodiments, the substrate includes a curved surface (not visible in  FIG. 2 ) and is positioned in the stage tool  2060  to receive the adhesive layer  2040 . In some embodiments, the method includes depositing a die (not shown in  FIG. 2 ) onto the adhesive layer  2040 . In some embodiments, the die (not shown in  FIG. 2 ) contains an image sensor (not shown in  FIG. 2 ). In some embodiments, the method includes applying pressure to the die (not shown in  FIG. 2 ) using the bond tool  2010 . In some embodiments, the applying pressure to the die (not shown in  FIG. 2 ) further includes applying a pressure calculated to create a curvature of the die (not shown in  FIG. 2 ) corresponding to a curvature of the curved surface (not shown in  FIG. 2 ) of the substrate  2050 . In some embodiments, the method includes curing the adhesive  2040 . In some embodiments, the curing the adhesive  2040  further includes delivering energy to the adhesive  2040  using the bond tool  2010 . 
     While the adhesive layer  2040  of  FIG. 2  is shown as being equal in area to the area of the curved surface (not shown in  FIG. 2 ) of the substrate  2050 , one of skill in the art will readily comprehend in light of having read the present specification that, in some embodiments, the depositing the adhesive layer  2040  onto a substrate  2050  in the stage tool  2060  further includes depositing the adhesive  2040  onto a surface area smaller than a surface area of the curved surface (not shown in  FIG. 2 ) of the substrate  2050 . 
     In some embodiments, the positioning a substrate  2050  in the stage tool  2060  further includes positioning the substrate  2050  with a flat side (2 of 5 visible) of a substrate  2050  facing a complementary surface  2080  of the stage tool  2060  and a curved surface (not visible in  FIG. 2 ) of the substrate  2050  facing an opening (not visible in  FIG. 2 ) of the stage tool  2060  designed for receiving the die (not visible in  FIG. 2 ) and bond tool  2010 . 
     In some embodiments, the delivering energy to the adhesive  2040  using the bond tool  2010  is performed subsequent to initiation of the applying pressure calculated to create the curvature of the die (not shown in  FIG. 2 ) corresponding to the curvature of the curved surface (not visible in  FIG. 2 ) of the substrate  2050 . 
     In some embodiments, the delivering energy to the adhesive  2040  using the bond tool  2010  is performed prior to the applying pressure calculated to create the curvature of the die (not shown in  FIG. 2 ) corresponding to the curvature of the curved surface (not visible in  FIG. 2 ) of the substrate  2050 . In some embodiments, the delivering energy to the adhesive  2040  using the bond tool  2010  further includes delivering kinetic energy to a pressure-sensitive adhesive  2040  using a strike of the bond tool  2010  against the die (not shown in  FIG. 2 ). 
     In some embodiments, the delivering energy to the adhesive  2040  using the bond tool  2010  further includes delivering thermal energy to the adhesive  2040  using a thermal resistor (not shown in  FIG. 2 ) located within the bond tool  2010 . Alternatively, the bond tool  2010  can receive heat from a heating element (not shown in  FIG. 2 ) external to the bond tool  2010 . 
       FIG. 3  depicts a set of parts and tools after placement of a die on an adhesive layer in a process for bending a circuit-bearing die, according to some embodiments.  FIG. 3  shows a bond tool  3010 , a die  3020  with an image sensor  3030 , an adhesive layer  3040 , a substrate  3050 , and a stage tool  3060  with vertical members  3070   a - 3070   d  and a horizontal flat surface  3080 . 
     Some embodiments include a method for manufacturing an image sensor device. In some embodiments, the method includes depositing the adhesive layer  3040  onto the substrate  3050  seated in the stage tool  3060 . In some embodiments, the substrate includes a curved surface (not visible in  FIG. 3 ) and is positioned in the stage tool  3060  to receive the adhesive layer  3040 . In some embodiments, the method includes depositing a die  3020  onto the adhesive layer  3040 . In some embodiments, the die  3020  contains an image sensor  3030 . In some embodiments, the method includes applying pressure to the die  3020  using the bond tool  3010 . In some embodiments, the applying pressure to the die  3020  further includes applying a pressure calculated to create a curvature of the die  3020  corresponding to a curvature of the curved surface (not visible in  FIG. 3 ) of the substrate  3050 . In some embodiments, the method includes curing the adhesive  3040 . In some embodiments, the curing the adhesive  3040  further includes delivering energy to the adhesive  3040  using the bond tool  3010 . 
     While the adhesive layer  3040  of  FIG. 3  is shown as being equal in area to the area of the curved surface (not visible in  FIG. 2 ) of the substrate  3050 , one of skill in the art will readily comprehend in light of having read the present specification that, in some embodiments, the depositing the adhesive layer  3040  onto a substrate  3050  in the stage tool  3060  further includes depositing the adhesive  3040  onto a surface area smaller than a surface area of the curved surface (not visible in  FIG. 3 ) of the substrate  3050 . 
     In some embodiments, the positioning a substrate  3050  in the stage tool  3060  further includes positioning the substrate  3050  with a flat side (2 of 5 visible) of a substrate  3050  facing a complementary surface  3080  of the stage tool  3060  and a curved surface (not visible in  FIG. 23 ) of the substrate  3050  facing an opening (e.g., above flat surface) of the stage tool  3060  designed for receiving the die  3020  and bond tool  3010 . 
     In some embodiments, the delivering energy to the adhesive  3040  using the bond tool  3010  is performed subsequent to initiation of the applying pressure calculated to create the curvature of the die  3020  corresponding to the curvature of the curved surface (not visible in  FIG. 2 ) of the substrate  3050 . 
     In some embodiments, the delivering energy to the adhesive  3040  using the bond tool  3010  is performed prior to the applying pressure calculated to create the curvature of the die  3020  corresponding to the curvature of the curved surface (not visible in  FIG. 3 ) of the substrate  3050 . In some embodiments, the delivering energy to the adhesive  3040  using the bond tool  3010  further includes delivering kinetic energy to a pressure-sensitive adhesive  3040  using a strike of the bond tool  3010  against the die  3020 . 
     In some embodiments, the delivering energy to the adhesive  3040  using the bond tool  3010  further includes delivering thermal energy to the adhesive  3040  using a thermal resistor (not shown) located within the bond tool  3010 . Alternatively, the bond tool  3010  can receive heat from a heating element (not shown in  FIG. 3 ) external to the bond tool  3030 . 
       FIG. 4  illustrates a set of parts and tools during application of a bond tool in a process for bending a circuit-bearing die, according to some embodiments.  FIG. 4  shows a bond tool  4010 , a die  4020 , an adhesive layer  4040 , a substrate  4050 , and a stage tool  4060  with vertical members  4070   a - 4070   c  and a horizontal flat surface  4080 . 
     Some embodiments include a method for manufacturing an image sensor device. In some embodiments, the method includes depositing the adhesive layer  4040  onto the substrate  4050  seated in the stage tool  4060 . In some embodiments, the substrate includes a curved surface (not visible in  FIG. 4 ) and is positioned in the stage tool  4070  to receive the adhesive layer  4040 . In some embodiments, the method includes depositing a die  4020  onto the adhesive layer  4040 . In some embodiments, the die  4020  contains an image sensor (not visible in  FIG. 4 ). In some embodiments, the method includes applying pressure to the die  4020  using the bond tool  4010 . In some embodiments, the applying pressure to the die  4020  further includes applying a pressure calculated to create a curvature of the die  4020  corresponding to a curvature of the curved surface (not visible in  FIG. 4 ) of the substrate  4050 . In some embodiments, the method includes curing the adhesive  4040 . In some embodiments, the curing the adhesive  4040  further includes delivering energy to the adhesive  4040  using the bond tool  4010 . 
     While the adhesive layer  4040  of  FIG. 4  is shown as being equal in area to the area of the curved surface (not visible in  FIG. 4 ) of the substrate  4050 , one of skill in the art will readily comprehend in light of having read the present specification that, in some embodiments, the depositing the adhesive layer  4040  onto a substrate  4050  in the stage tool  4060  further includes depositing the adhesive  4040  onto a surface area smaller than a surface area of the curved surface (not visible in  FIG. 4 ) of the substrate  4050 . 
     In some embodiments, the positioning a substrate  4050  in the stage tool  4060  further includes positioning the substrate  4050  with a flat side (2 of 5 visible) of a substrate  4050  facing a complementary surface  4080  of the stage tool  4060  and a curved surface (not visible in  FIG. 4 ) of the substrate  4050  facing an opening (e.g., above flat surface  4080 ) of the stage tool  4060  designed for receiving the die  4020  and bond tool  4040 . 
     In some embodiments, the delivering energy to the adhesive  4040  using the bond tool  4010  is performed subsequent to initiation of the applying pressure calculated to create the curvature of the die  4020  corresponding to the curvature of the curved surface (not visible in  FIG. 4 ) of the substrate  4050 . 
     In some embodiments, the delivering energy to the adhesive  4040  using the bond tool  4010  is performed prior to the applying pressure calculated to create the curvature of the die  4020  corresponding to the curvature of the curved surface (not visible in  FIG. 4 ) of the substrate  4050 . In some embodiments, the delivering energy to the adhesive  4040  using the bond tool  4040  further includes delivering kinetic energy to a pressure-sensitive adhesive  4040  using a strike of the bond tool  4010  against the die  4020 . 
     In some embodiments, the delivering energy to the adhesive  4040  using the bond tool  4010  further includes delivering thermal energy to the adhesive  4040  using a thermal resistor (not shown) located within the bond tool  4010 . Alternatively, the bond tool  4010  can receive heat from a heating element external to the bond tool  4010 . 
       FIG. 5  depicts a curved circuit-bearing die and tools after application of a bond tool in a process for bending a circuit-bearing die, according to some embodiments. In  FIG. 5 , an image sensor device  5000  sits on a stage tool  5060  resulting from conclusion of a process for bending a circuit-bearing die  5020 . In some embodiments, the image sensor device  5000  includes a substrate  5050 . In some embodiments, the substrate  5050  includes a first side having a curved surface (e.g., curved surface  1055  shown in  FIG. 1 ). In some embodiments, the image sensor device  5000  includes a die  5020 . In some embodiments, the die  5020  includes the image sensor component  5030 , and the die  5020  is attached to the curved surface (e.g., curved surface  1055  shown in  FIG. 1 ) of the substrate  5050 . 
     In some embodiments, at least a portion of the die  5020  including the image sensor component  5030  has a curved surface. In some embodiments, the at least a portion of the die  5020  including the image sensor component  5030  having a curved surface further includes at least a portion of the die  5020  including the image sensor component  5030  having a curved surface conforming to a focal radius of one of the one or more lenses for directing light to the image sensor component. 
     Turning briefly to  FIG. 6 , in some embodiments, the image sensor device  6000  includes a substrate  6050 . In some embodiments, the substrate includes a first side having a curved surface (e.g., curved surface  1055  shown in  FIG. 1 ). In some embodiments, the image sensor device  6000  includes a die  6020 . In some embodiments, the die  6020  includes the image sensor component  6030 , and the die  6020  is attached to the curved surface (e.g., curved surface  1055  shown in  FIG. 1 ) of the substrate  6050 . 
     In some embodiments, at least a portion of the die  6020  including the image sensor component  6030  has a curved surface. In some embodiments, the at least a portion of the die  6020  including the image sensor component  6030  having a curved surface further includes at least a portion of the die  6020  including the image sensor component  6030  having a curved surface conforming to a focal radius of one of the one or more lenses for directing light to the image sensor component. 
     Some embodiments further include a heat-cured adhesive layer  6040  positioned between the curved surface (not visible in  FIG. 6 ) of the substrate  6050  and the die  6020 . In some embodiments, the heat-cured adhesive layer  6040  provides a fixed attachment between the die  6020  and the substrate  6050 . 
     In some embodiments, the substrate  6050  further includes a second side having a flat surface (2 of 5 shown) for attachment of the substrate  6050  to an articulating component for articulating a lens or lens assembly to the image sensor  6030 . 
     In some embodiments, the first side having a curved surface (not visible in  FIG. 6 ) further includes at least a portion of the substrate  6050  having a curved surface (not visible in  FIG. 6 ) conforming to a focal radius of one of the one or more lenses for directing light to the image sensor component (as discussed below with respect to  FIG. 9 ). 
       FIG. 7  depicts a bond tool for use in a process for bending a circuit-bearing die, according to some embodiments. Bond tool  7010  includes a body  7020  in which energy delivery elements (not visible) may be located and a stem  7060  for attachment to a machine for use in process for bending a circuit-bearing die. A pressure surface,  7030  is enclosed by ridges  7040   a - b.    
     Some embodiments include a bond tool  7010 . In some embodiments, the bond tool  7010  includes a pressure surface  7030  for applying pressure to a die, a cavity on a surface of the bond tool (above pressure surface  7030  and between ridges  7040   a - 7040   b ) for prevention of contact with critical areas of the die, and an energy conduction mass in body  7020  for delivering energy to the die. In some embodiments, the applying pressure to the die (e.g., die  1020  of  FIG. 1 ) further includes applying the pressure using a bond tool  7010  having a cavity (above pressure surface  7030  and between ridges  7040   a - 7040   b ) on a surface of the bond tool  7010  for prevention of contact with critical areas of the die. Some embodiments further include positioning a substrate in a stage tool. 
       FIG. 8  is a high-level logical flowchart of a process for bending a circuit-bearing die, according to some embodiments. Some embodiments include a method for manufacturing an image sensor device. 
     An adhesive is placed onto a curved substrate in a stage tool (block  8000 ). Referring, for example, briefly to  FIG. 1 , in some embodiments, the method includes depositing the adhesive layer  1040  onto the substrate  1050  seated in the stage tool  1070 . In some embodiments, the substrate includes a curved surface  1055  and is positioned in the stage tool  1070  to receive the adhesive layer  1040 . While the adhesive layer  1040  of  FIG. 1  is shown as being equal in area to the area of the curved surface  1055  of the substrate  1050 , one of skill in the art will readily comprehend in light of having read the present specification that, in some embodiments, the depositing the adhesive layer  1040  onto a substrate  1050  in the stage tool  1060  further includes depositing the adhesive  1040  onto a surface area smaller than a surface area of the curved surface  1055  of the substrate  1050 . 
     Some embodiments include a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium including program instructions. In some embodiments, the program instructions are executable by one or more processors to cause a manufacturing system to implement depositing an adhesive layer onto a substrate in a stage tool. In some embodiments, the substrate includes a curved surface positioned in the stage tool to receive the adhesive layer. 
     In some embodiments, the program instructions executable by one or more processors to cause a manufacturing system to implement depositing the adhesive layer onto a substrate in the stage tool further include program instructions executable by one or more processors to cause a manufacturing system to implement depositing the adhesive onto a surface area smaller than a surface area of the curved surface of the substrate. 
     A die with an image sensor is placed onto the adhesive (block  8010 ). Referring, for example, briefly to  FIG. 1 , in some embodiments, the method includes depositing a die  1020  onto the adhesive layer  1040 . In some embodiments, the die  1020  contains an image sensor  1030 . In some embodiments, the program instructions are executable by one or more processors to cause a manufacturing system to implement depositing a die onto the adhesive layer. In some embodiments, the die contains an image sensor. 
     Pressure is applied using the bond tool (block  8020 ). Referring, for example, briefly to  FIG. 1 , in some embodiments, the method includes applying pressure to the die  1020  using the bond tool  1010 . In some embodiments, the applying pressure to the die  1020  further includes applying a pressure calculated to create a curvature of the die  1020  corresponding to a curvature of the curved surface  1055  of the substrate  1050 . 
     In some embodiments, the program instructions are executable by one or more processors to cause a manufacturing system to implement applying pressure to the die using a bond tool. In some embodiments, the applying pressure to the die further includes applying a pressure calculated to create a curvature of the die corresponding to a curvature of the curved surface of the substrate. In some embodiments, the program instructions executable by one or more processors to cause a manufacturing system to implement applying pressure to the die further include program instructions executable by one or more processors to cause a manufacturing system to implement applying the pressure using a bond tool having a cavity on a surface of the bond tool for prevention of contact with critical areas of the die. 
     Energy is applied using the bond tool (block  8030 ). Referring, for example, briefly to  FIG. 1 , in some embodiments, the method includes curing the adhesive  1040 . In some embodiments, the curing the adhesive  1040  further includes delivering energy to the adhesive  1040  using the bond tool  1010 . In some embodiments, the delivering energy to the adhesive  1040  using the bond tool  1010  is performed subsequent to initiation of the applying pressure calculated to create the curvature of the die  1020  corresponding to the curvature of the curved surface  1055  of the substrate  1050 . 
     In some embodiments, the delivering energy to the adhesive  1040  using the bond tool  1010  is performed prior to the applying pressure calculated to create the curvature of the die  1020  corresponding to the curvature of the curved surface  1055  of the substrate  1050 . In some embodiments, the delivering energy to the adhesive  1040  using the bond tool  1010  further includes delivering kinetic energy to a pressure-sensitive adhesive  1040  using a strike of the bond tool  1010  against the die  1020 . 
     In some embodiments, the delivering energy to the adhesive  1040  using the bond tool  1010  further includes delivering thermal energy to the adhesive  1040  using a thermal resistor (not shown) located within the bond tool  1010 . Alternatively, the bond tool  1010  can receive heat from a heating element external to the bond tool  1010 . 
     In some embodiments, the delivering energy to the adhesive  1040  using the bond tool  1010  further includes delivering light energy to the adhesive  1040  using a light source (not shown) located within or mounted on bond tool  1010 . 
     In some embodiments, the program instructions are executable by one or more processors to cause a manufacturing system to implement curing the adhesive. In some embodiments, the curing the adhesive further includes delivering energy to the adhesive using the bond tool. 
     In some embodiments, the program instructions executable by one or more processors further include program instructions executable by one or more processors to cause a manufacturing system to implement positioning a substrate in a stage tool. In some embodiments, the program instructions executable by one or more processors to cause a manufacturing system to implement positioning a substrate in the stage tool further include program instructions executable by one or more processors to cause a manufacturing system to implement positioning the substrate with a flat side of a substrate facing a complementary surface of the stage tool and a curved surface of the substrate facing an opening of the stage tool designed for receiving the die and bond tool. 
     In some embodiments, the delivering energy to the adhesive using the bond tool is performed subsequent to initiation of the applying pressure calculated to create the curvature of the die corresponding to the curvature of the curved surface of the substrate. In some embodiments, the delivering energy to the adhesive using the bond tool is performed prior to the applying pressure calculated to create the curvature of the die corresponding to the curvature of the curved surface of the substrate. 
     In some embodiments, the delivering energy to the adhesive using the bond tool further includes delivering kinetic energy to a pressure-sensitive adhesive using a strike of the bond tool. In some embodiments, the delivering energy to the adhesive using the bond tool further includes delivering thermal energy to the adhesive using a thermal resistor located within the bond tool. In some embodiments, the delivering energy to the adhesive using the bond tool further includes delivering light energy to the adhesive using a light source. 
       FIG. 9  illustrates a lens of a camera directing light onto an image sensor in a curved die resulting from a process of bending a circuit-bearing die according to some embodiments. In a camera system  9010 , light  9020  transits from a lens  9090  to points  9040  and  9050  on an image sensor device  9030 . 
     Multifunction Device 
       FIG. 10  depicts a block diagram of a portable multifunction device with a camera in accordance with some embodiments. Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable devices with cameras.  FIG. 10  is a block diagram illustrating portable multifunction device  100  with camera  164  in accordance with some embodiments. Camera  164  is sometimes called an “optical sensor” for convenience, and may also be known as or called an optical sensor system. Device  100  may include memory  102  (which may include one or more computer readable storage mediums), memory controller  122 , one or more processing units (CPU&#39;s)  120 , peripherals interface  118 , RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , microphone  113 , input/output (I/O) subsystem  106 , other input or control devices  116 , and external port  124 . Device  100  may include one or more optical sensors  164 . These components may communicate over one or more communication buses or signal lines  103 . 
     It should be appreciated that device  100  is only one example of a portable multifunction device, and that device  100  may have more or fewer components than shown, may combine two or more components, or may have a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown in  FIG. 1A  may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software, including one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits. 
     Memory  102  may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Access to memory  102  by other components of device  100 , such as CPU  120  and the peripherals interface  118 , may be controlled by memory controller  122 . 
     Peripherals interface  118  can be used to couple input and output peripherals of the device to CPU  120  and memory  102 . The one or more processors  120  run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in memory  102  to perform various functions for device  100  and to process data. 
     In some embodiments, peripherals interface  118 , CPU  120 , and memory controller  122  may be implemented on a single chip, such as chip  104 . In some other embodiments, they may be implemented on separate chips. 
     RF (radio frequency) circuitry  108  receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  108  converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  108  may include well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RF circuitry  108  may communicate with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The wireless communication may use any of a variety of communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document. 
     Audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , and microphone  113  provide an audio interface between a user and device  100 . Audio circuitry  110  receives audio data from peripherals interface  118 , converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to speaker  111 . Speaker  111  converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves. Audio circuitry  110  also receives electrical signals converted by microphone  113  from sound waves. Audio circuitry  110  converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to peripherals interface  118  for processing. Audio data may be retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory  102  and/or RF circuitry  108  by peripherals interface  118 . In some embodiments, audio circuitry  110  also includes a headset jack (e.g.,  212 ,  FIG. 2 ). The headset jack provides an interface between audio circuitry  110  and removable audio input/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headset with both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input (e.g., a microphone). 
     I/O subsystem  106  couples input/output peripherals on device  100 , such as touch screen  112  and other input control devices  116 , to peripherals interface  118 . I/O subsystem  106  may include display controller  156  and one or more input controllers  160  for other input or control devices. The one or more input controllers  160  receive/send electrical signals from/to other input or control devices  116 . The other input control devices  116  may include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s)  160  may be coupled to any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, infrared port, USB port, and a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g.,  208 ,  FIG. 2 ) may include an up/down button for volume control of speaker  111  and/or microphone  113 . The one or more buttons may include a push button (e.g.,  206 ,  FIG. 2 ). 
     Touch-sensitive display  112  provides an input interface and an output interface between the device and a user. Display controller  156  receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to touch screen  112 . Touch screen  112  displays visual output to the user. The visual output may include graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all of the visual output may correspond to user-interface objects. 
     Touch screen  112  has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor or set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact. Touch screen  112  and display controller  156  (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory  102 ) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on touch screen  112  and converts the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages or images) that are displayed on touch screen  112 . In an exemplary embodiment, a point of contact between touch screen  112  and the user corresponds to a finger of the user. 
     Touch screen  112  may use LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED (light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologies may be used in other embodiments. Touch screen  112  and display controller  156  may detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of a variety of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with touch screen  112 . In an exemplary embodiment, projected mutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. 
     Touch screen  112  may have a video resolution in excess of 100 dpi. In some embodiments, the touch screen has a video resolution of approximately 160 dpi. The user may make contact with touch screen  112  using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to work primarily with finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired by the user. 
     In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, device  100  may include a touchpad (not shown) for activating or deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output. The touchpad may be a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from touch screen  112  or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen. 
     Device  100  also includes power system  162  for powering the various components. Power system  162  may include a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices. 
     Device  100  may also include one or more optical sensors or cameras  164 .  FIG. 1A  shows an optical sensor coupled to optical sensor controller  158  in I/O subsystem  106 . Optical sensor  164  may include charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistors. Optical sensor  164  receives light from the environment, projected through one or more lens, and converts the light to data representing an image. In conjunction with imaging module  143  (also called a camera module), optical sensor  164  may capture still images or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch screen display  112  on the front of the device, so that the touch screen display may be used as a viewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition. In some embodiments, another optical sensor is located on the front of the device so that the user&#39;s image may be obtained for videoconferencing while the user views the other video conference participants on the touch screen display. 
     Device  100  may also include one or more proximity sensors  166 .  FIG. 1A  shows proximity sensor  166  coupled to peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, proximity sensor  166  may be coupled to input controller  160  in I/O subsystem  106 . In some embodiments, the proximity sensor turns off and disables touch screen  112  when the multifunction device is placed near the user&#39;s ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call). 
     Device  100  includes one or more orientation sensors  168 . In some embodiments, the one or more orientation sensors include one or more accelerometers (e.g., one or more linear accelerometers and/or one or more rotational accelerometers). In some embodiments, the one or more orientation sensors include one or more gyroscopes. In some embodiments, the one or more orientation sensors include one or more magnetometers. In some embodiments, the one or more orientation sensors include one or more of global positioning system (GPS), Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), and/or other global navigation system receivers. The GPS, GLONASS, and/or other global navigation system receivers may be used for obtaining information concerning the location and orientation (e.g., portrait or landscape) of device  100 . In some embodiments, the one or more orientation sensors include any combination of orientation/rotation sensors.  FIG. 1A  shows the one or more orientation sensors  168  coupled to peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, the one or more orientation sensors  168  may be coupled to an input controller  160  in I/O subsystem  106 . In some embodiments, information is displayed on the touch screen display in a portrait view or a landscape view based on an analysis of data received from the one or more orientation sensors. 
     In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory  102  include operating system  126 , communication module (or set of instructions)  128 , contact/motion module (or set of instructions)  130 , graphics module (or set of instructions)  132 , text input module (or set of instructions)  134 , Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set of instructions)  135 , arbiter module  157  and applications (or sets of instructions)  136 . Furthermore, in some embodiments memory  102  stores device/global internal state  157 , as shown in  FIGS. 1A and 3 . Device/global internal state  157  includes one or more of: active application state, indicating which applications, if any, are currently active; display state, indicating what applications, views or other information occupy various regions of touch screen display  112 ; sensor state, including information obtained from the device&#39;s various sensors and input control devices  116 ; and location information concerning the device&#39;s location and/or attitude. 
     Operating system  126  (e.g., Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components. 
     Communication module  128  facilitates communication with other devices over one or more external ports  124  and also includes various software components for handling data received by RF circuitry  108  and/or external port  124 . External port  124  (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the 30-pin connector used on iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) devices. 
     Contact/motion module  130  may detect contact with touch screen  112  (in conjunction with display controller  156 ) and other touch sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). Contact/motion module  130  includes various software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact, such as determining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-down event), determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact). Contact/motion module  130  receives contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which is represented by a series of contact data, may include determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. These operations may be applied to single contacts (e.g., one finger contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g., “multitouch”/multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments, contact/motion module  130  and display controller  156  detect contact on a touchpad. 
     Contact/motion module  130  may detect a gesture input by a user. Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contact patterns. Thus, a gesture may be detected by detecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a finger tap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event at the same position (or substantially the same position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequently followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event. 
     Graphics module  132  includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics on touch screen  112  or other display, including components for changing the intensity of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics” includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including without limitation text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations and the like. 
     In some embodiments, graphics module  132  stores data representing graphics to be used. Each graphic may be assigned a corresponding code. Graphics module  132  receives, from applications etc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with, if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and then generates screen image data to output to display controller  156 . 
     Text input module  134 , which may be a component of graphics module  132 , provides soft keyboards for entering text in various applications (e.g., contacts  137 , e-mail  140 , IM  141 , browser  147 , and any other application that needs text input). 
     GPS module  135  determines the location of the device and provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone  138  for use in location-based dialing, to camera  143  as picture/video metadata, and to applications that provide location-based services such as weather widgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets). 
     Applications  136  may include the following modules (or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof:
         contacts module  137  (sometimes called an address book or contact list);   telephone module  138 ;   video conferencing module  139 ;   e-mail client module  140 ;   instant messaging (IM) module  141 ;   workout support module  142 ;   camera module  143  for still and/or video images;   image management module  144 ;   browser module  147 ;   calendar module  148 ;   widget modules  149 , which may include one or more of: weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  149 - 3 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , dictionary widget  149 - 5 , and other widgets obtained by the user, as well as user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   widget creator module  150  for making user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   search module  151 ;   video and music player module  152 , which may be made up of a video player   module and a music player module;   notes module  153 ;   map module  154 ; and/or   online video module  155 .       

     Examples of other applications  136  that may be stored in memory  102  include other word processing applications, other image editing applications, drawing applications, presentation applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice replication. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , contacts module  137  may be used to manage an address book or contact list (e.g., stored in application internal state  192  of contacts module  137  in memory  102  or memory  370 ), including: adding name(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book; associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or other information with a name; associating an image with a name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers or e-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications by telephone  138 , video conference  139 , e-mail  140 , or IM  141 ; and so forth. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , telephone module  138  may be used to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers in address book  137 , modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation and disconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As noted above, the wireless communication may use any of a variety of communications standards, protocols and technologies. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , contact list  137 , and telephone module  138 , videoconferencing module  139  includes executable instructions to initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user and one or more other participants in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140  includes executable instructions to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response to user instructions. In conjunction with image management module  144 , e-mail client module  140  makes it very easy to create and send e-mails with still or video images taken with camera module  143 . 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the instant messaging module  141  includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to an instant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit a respective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service (SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-based instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS for Internet-based instant messages), to receive instant messages and to view received instant messages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or received instant messages may include graphics, photos, audio files, video files and/or other attachments as are supported in a MMS and/or an Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging” refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , map module  154 , and music player module  146 , workout support module  142  includes executable instructions to create workouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burning goals); communicate with workout sensors (sports devices); receive workout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout; select and play music for a workout; and display, store and transmit workout data. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor(s)  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and image management module  144 , camera module  143  includes executable instructions to capture still images or video (including a video stream) and store them into memory  102 , modify characteristics of a still image or video, or delete a still image or video from memory  102 . 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and camera module  143 , image management module  144  includes executable instructions to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/or video images. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , browser module  147  includes executable instructions to browse the Internet in accordance with user instructions, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portions thereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , calendar module  148  includes executable instructions to create, display, modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendar entries, to do lists, etc.) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , widget modules  149  are mini-applications that may be downloaded and used by a user (e.g., weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  1493 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , and dictionary widget  149 - 5 ) or created by the user (e.g., user-created widget  149 - 6 ). In some embodiments, a widget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In some embodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , the widget creator module  150  may be used by a user to create widgets (e.g., turning a user-specified portion of a web page into a widget). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , search module  151  includes executable instructions to search for text, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory  102  that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , and browser module  147 , video and music player module  152  includes executable instructions that allow the user to download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, and executable instructions to display, present or otherwise play back videos (e.g., on touch screen  112  or on an external, connected display via external port  124 ). In some embodiments, device  100  may include the functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , notes module  153  includes executable instructions to create and manage notes, to do lists, and the like in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , and browser module  147 , map module  154  may be used to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data associated with maps (e.g., driving directions; data on stores and other points of interest at or near a particular location; and other location-based data) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , online video module  155  includes instructions that allow the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen or on an external, connected display via external port  124 ), send an e-mail with a link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats, such as H.264. In some embodiments, instant messaging module  141 , rather than e-mail client module  140 , is used to send a link to a particular online video. 
     Each of the above identified modules and applications correspond to a set of executable instructions for performing one or more functions described above and the methods described in this application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods described herein). These modules (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  102  may store a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  102  may store additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     In some embodiments, device  100  is a device where operation of a predefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/or a touchpad as the primary input control device for operation of device  100 , the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) on device  100  may be reduced. 
     The predefined set of functions that may be performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad include navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by the user, navigates device  100  to a main, home, or root menu from any user interface that may be displayed on device  100 . In such embodiments, the touchpad may be referred to as a “menu button.” In some other embodiments, the menu button may be a physical push button or other physical input control device instead of a touchpad. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a portable multifunction device  100  having a touch screen  112  in accordance with some embodiments. The touch screen may display one or more graphics within user interface (UI)  200 . In this embodiment, as well as others described below, a user may select one or more of the graphics by making a gesture on the graphics, for example, with one or more fingers  202  (not drawn to scale in the figure) or one or more styluses  203  (not drawn to scale in the figure). 
     Device  100  may also include one or more physical buttons, such as “home” or menu button  204 . As described previously, menu button  204  may be used to navigate to any application  136  in a set of applications that may be executed on device  100 . Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as a soft key in a GUI displayed on touch screen  112 . 
     In one embodiment, device  100  includes touch screen  112 , menu button  204 , push button  206  for powering the device on/off and locking the device, volume adjustment button(s)  208 , Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card slot  210 , head set jack  212 , and docking/charging external port  124 . Push button  206  may be used to turn the power on/off on the device by depressing the button and holding the button in the depressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by depressing the button and releasing the button before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an unlock process. In an alternative embodiment, device  100  also may accept verbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions through microphone  113 . 
     It should be noted that, although many of the following examples will be given with reference to optical sensor/camera  164  (on the front of a device), rear-facing camera or optical sensor that is pointed opposite from the display may be used instead of optical sensor/camera  164 . 
     Example Computer System 
       FIG. 12  illustrates computer system  1200  that is configured to execute any or all of the embodiments described above. In different embodiments, computer system  1200  may be any of various types of devices, including, but not limited to, a personal computer system, desktop computer, laptop, notebook, tablet, slate, or netbook computer, mainframe computer system, handheld computer, workstation, network computer, a camera, a set top box, a mobile device, a consumer device, video game console, handheld video game device, application server, storage device, a television, a video recording device, a peripheral device such as a switch, modem, router, or in general any type of computing or electronic device. 
     Various embodiments of a manufacturing system and method for bending a circuit-bearing die as described herein, may be executed in one or more computer systems  1200 , which may interact with various other devices. Note that any component, action, or functionality described above with respect to  FIGS. 1-20  may be implemented on one or more computers configured as computer system  1200  of  FIG. 12 , according to various embodiments. In the illustrated embodiment, computer system  1200  includes one or more processors  1210  coupled to a system memory  1220  via an input/output (I/O) interface  1230 . Computer system  1200  further includes a network interface  1240  coupled to I/O interface  1230 , and one or more input/output devices  1250 , such as cursor control device  1260 , keyboard  1270 , and display(s)  1280 . In some cases, it is contemplated that embodiments may be implemented using a single instance of computer system  1200 , while in other embodiments multiple such systems, or multiple nodes making up computer system  1200 , may be configured to host different portions or instances of embodiments. For example, in one embodiment some elements may be implemented via one or more nodes of computer system  1200  that are distinct from those nodes implementing other elements. 
     In various embodiments, computer system  1200  may be a uniprocessor system including one processor  1210 , or a multiprocessor system including several processors  1210  (e.g., two, four, eight, or another suitable number). Processors  1210  may be any suitable processor capable of executing instructions. For example, in various embodiments processors  1210  may be general-purpose or embedded processors implementing any of a variety of instruction set architectures (ISAs), such as the x812, PowerPC, SPARC, or MIPS ISAs, or any other suitable ISA. In multiprocessor systems, each of processors  1210  may commonly, but not necessarily, implement the same ISA. 
     System memory  1220  may be configured to store manufacturing control program instructions  1232  and/or manufacturing control data accessible by processor  1210 . In various embodiments, system memory  1220  may be implemented using any suitable memory technology, such as static random access memory (SRAM), synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM), nonvolatile/Flash-type memory, or any other type of memory. In the illustrated embodiment, program instructions  1222  may be configured to implement a lens control application  1224  incorporating any of the functionality described above. Additionally, existing manufacturing control data  1232  of memory  1220  may include any of the information or data structures described above. In some embodiments, program instructions and/or data may be received, sent or stored upon different types of computer-accessible media or on similar media separate from system memory  1220  or computer system  1200 . While computer system  1200  is described as implementing the functionality of functional blocks of previous Figures, any of the functionality described herein may be implemented via such a computer system. 
     In one embodiment, I/O interface  1230  may be configured to coordinate I/O traffic between processor  1210 , system memory  1220 , and any peripheral devices in the device, including network interface  1240  or other peripheral interfaces, such as input/output devices  1250 . In some embodiments, I/O interface  1230  may perform any necessary protocol, timing or other data transformations to convert data signals from one component (e.g., system memory  1220 ) into a format suitable for use by another component (e.g., processor  1210 ). In some embodiments, I/O interface  1230  may include support for devices attached through various types of peripheral buses, such as a variant of the Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus standard or the Universal Serial Bus (USB) standard, for example. In some embodiments, the function of I/O interface  1230  may be split into two or more separate components, such as a north bridge and a south bridge, for example. Also, in some embodiments some or all of the functionality of I/O interface  1230 , such as an interface to system memory  1220 , may be incorporated directly into processor  1210 . 
     Network interface  1240  may be configured to allow data to be exchanged between computer system  1200  and other devices attached to a network  1285  (e.g., carrier or agent devices) or between nodes of computer system  1200 . Network  1285  may in various embodiments include one or more networks including but not limited to Local Area Networks (LANs) (e.g., an Ethernet or corporate network), Wide Area Networks (WANs) (e.g., the Internet), wireless data networks, some other electronic data network, or some combination thereof. In various embodiments, network interface  1240  may support communication via wired or wireless general data networks, such as any suitable type of Ethernet network, for example; via telecommunications/telephony networks such as analog voice networks or digital fiber communications networks; via storage area networks such as Fibre Channel SANs, or via any other suitable type of network and/or protocol. 
     Input/output devices  1250  may, in some embodiments, include one or more display terminals, keyboards, keypads, touchpads, scanning devices, voice or optical recognition devices, or any other devices suitable for entering or accessing data by one or more computer systems  1200 . Multiple input/output devices  1250  may be present in computer system  1200  or may be distributed on various nodes of computer system  1200 . In some embodiments, similar input/output devices may be separate from computer system  1200  and may interact with one or more nodes of computer system  1200  through a wired or wireless connection, such as over network interface  1240 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 12 , memory  1220  may include program instructions  1222 , which may be processor-executable to implement any element or action described above. In one embodiment, the program instructions may implement the methods described above. In other embodiments, different elements and data may be included. Note that data may include any data or information described above. 
     Those skilled in the art will appreciate that computer system  1200  is merely illustrative and is not intended to limit the scope of embodiments. In particular, the computer system and devices may include any combination of hardware or software that can perform the indicated functions, including computers, network devices, Internet appliances, PDAs, wireless phones, pagers, etc. Computer system  1200  may also be connected to other devices that are not illustrated, or instead may operate as a stand-alone system. In addition, the functionality provided by the illustrated components may in some embodiments be combined in fewer components or distributed in additional components. Similarly, in some embodiments, the functionality of some of the illustrated components may not be provided and/or other additional functionality may be available. 
     Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that, while various items are illustrated as being stored in memory or on storage while being used, these items or portions of them may be transferred between memory and other storage devices for purposes of memory management and data integrity. Alternatively, in other embodiments some or all of the software components may execute in memory on another device and communicate with the illustrated computer system via inter-computer communication. Some or all of the system components or data structures may also be stored (e.g., as instructions or structured data) on a computer-accessible medium or a portable article to be read by an appropriate drive, various examples of which are described above. In some embodiments, instructions stored on a computer-accessible medium separate from computer system  1200  may be transmitted to computer system  1200  via transmission media or signals such as electrical, electromagnetic, or digital signals, conveyed via a communication medium such as a network and/or a wireless link. Various embodiments may further include receiving, sending or storing instructions and/or data implemented in accordance with the foregoing description upon a computer-accessible medium. Generally speaking, a computer-accessible medium may include a non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium or memory medium such as magnetic or optical media, e.g., disk or DVD/CD-ROM, volatile or non-volatile media such as RAM (e.g. SDRAM, DDR, RDRAM, SRAM, etc.), ROM, etc. In some embodiments, a computer-accessible medium may include transmission media or signals such as electrical, electromagnetic, or digital signals, conveyed via a communication medium such as network and/or a wireless link. 
     The methods described herein may be implemented in software, hardware, or a combination thereof, in different embodiments. In addition, the order of the blocks of the methods may be changed, and various elements may be added, reordered, combined, omitted, modified, etc. Various modifications and changes may be made as would be obvious to a person skilled in the art having the benefit of this disclosure. The various embodiments described herein are meant to be illustrative and not limiting. Many variations, modifications, additions, and improvements are possible. Accordingly, plural instances may be provided for components described herein as a single instance. Boundaries between various components, operations and data stores are somewhat arbitrary, and particular operations are illustrated in the context of specific illustrative configurations. Other allocations of functionality are envisioned and may fall within the scope of claims that follow. Finally, structures and functionality presented as discrete components in the exemplary configurations may be implemented as a combined structure or component. These and other variations, modifications, additions, and improvements may fall within the scope of embodiments as defined in the claims that follow.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20141121
Publication Date: 20210921
Grant Date: 20210921
Priority Date: 20141121
Inventors: TOC, HOWELL JOHN CHUA
VENKATESAPPA, PRAKASH
YANG, ANNABELLE Q.
Cabonegro, Melvin C.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H04N23/54", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N23/54", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04M1/0264", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B29/00", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B17/00", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B17/00", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B29/00", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04M1/0264", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04M1/0264", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B29/00", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B17/00", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N5/2253", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 56011483