PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-12019840-B2
Application Number: US-202117448502-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: User interfaces for controlling an insertion marker

Abstract:
In some embodiments, an electronic device facilitates controlling the display of an additional representation of content surrounding an insertion marker while maintaining the ability to control the insertion marker.

Claims:
The invention claimed is: 
     
       1. A method comprising:
 at an electronic device in communication with a touch screen:
 while displaying, via the touch screen, a content region in an insertion marker control mode, wherein the content region includes content and an insertion marker within a portion of the content in the content region and while detecting an object in contact with the touch screen: 
 in accordance with a determination that the object detected on the touch screen is within a threshold distance of the insertion marker while the object is in contact with the touch screen, displaying, via the touch screen, an additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker; and 
 in accordance with a determination that the object detected on the touch screen is not within the threshold distance of the insertion marker while the object is in contact with the touch screen, forgoing displaying the additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 before the content region is in the insertion marker control mode:
 displaying, via the touch screen, the content region that includes the content and the insertion marker; and 
 while displaying the content region, detecting, via the touch screen, touchdown of the object at a respective location in the content region; and 
 
 in response to detecting the touchdown of the object at the respective location:
 in accordance with a determination that the object satisfies one or more criteria, including a criterion that is satisfied when the respective location corresponds to a location of the insertion marker in the content region, initiating the insertion marker control mode for the content region. 
 
 
     
     
       3. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 before the content region is in the insertion marker control mode:
 displaying, via the touch screen, the content region that includes the content and the insertion marker; and 
 while displaying the content region, detecting, via the touch screen, touchdown of the object at a respective location in the content region; and 
 
 in response to detecting the touchdown of the object at the respective location:
 in accordance with a determination that the object satisfies one or more criteria, including a criterion that is satisfied when the respective location is in a respective portion of the content that does not include the insertion marker:
 moving the insertion marker to a location in the content region corresponding to the respective location; and 
 initiating the insertion marker control mode for the content region. 
 
 
 
     
     
       4. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker is displayed at a predefined relative position with respect to the insertion marker. 
     
     
       5. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 while displaying the additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker, detecting, via the touch screen, movement of the object in a respective direction away from the additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker; and 
 in response to detecting the movement of the object in the respective direction, initiating a process to cease display of the additional representation, wherein the process is controlled in accordance with the movement of the object in the respective direction. 
 
     
     
       6. The method of  claim 5 , further comprising:
 in response to detecting the movement of the object in the respective direction, maintaining a location of the insertion marker in the portion of the content while the object is moving in the respective direction. 
 
     
     
       7. The method of  claim 5 , further comprising:
 after initiating the process to cease display of the additional representation of the portion of the content and before ceasing display of the additional representation of the portion of the content, detecting, via the touch screen, movement of the object in a second respective direction towards the additional representation; and 
 in response to detecting the movement of the object in the second respective direction, reemphasizing the additional representation in accordance with the movement of the object in the second respective direction without moving the insertion marker. 
 
     
     
       8. The method of  claim 5 , further comprising:
 after initiating the process to cease display of the additional representation of the portion of the content and after ceasing display of the additional representation of the portion of the content, detecting, via the touch screen, movement of the object in a second respective direction towards the additional representation; and 
 in response to detecting the movement of the object in the second respective direction, moving the insertion marker within the content in accordance with the movement of the object in the second respective direction without redisplaying the additional representation of the portion of the content. 
 
     
     
       9. The method of  claim 5 , further comprising:
 after initiating the process to cease display of the additional representation of the portion of the content and after ceasing display of the additional representation of the portion of the content, detecting, via the touch screen, additional movement of the object in the respective direction; and 
 in response to detecting the additional movement of the object in the respective direction, moving the insertion marker within the content in accordance with the movement of the object in the respective direction. 
 
     
     
       10. The method of  claim 5 , further comprising:
 after initiating the process to cease display of the additional representation of the portion of the content and after ceasing display of the additional representation of the portion of the content, detecting, via the touch screen, additional movement of the object in the respective direction; and 
 in response to detecting the additional movement of the object in the respective direction, forgoing moving the insertion marker in accordance with the movement of the object in the respective direction. 
 
     
     
       11. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 while displaying the additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker, detecting, via the touch screen, movement of the object in a respective direction towards the additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker; and 
 in response to detecting the movement of the object in the respective direction:
 moving the insertion marker from the portion of the content to a second portion of the content in the content region in accordance with the movement of the object in the respective direction; and 
 updating the additional representation to be a representation of the second portion of the content that includes the insertion marker. 
 
 
     
     
       12. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 while displaying the content region in the insertion marker control mode:
 detecting, via the touch screen, movement of the object in a respective direction; and 
 in response to detecting the movement of the object in the respective direction:
 in accordance with a determination that the additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker was not displayed when the movement of the object in the respective direction was detected, moving the insertion marker within the content in accordance with the movement of the object in the respective direction; and 
 in accordance with a determination that the additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker was displayed when the movement of the object in the respective direction was detected, forgoing moving the insertion marker within the content in accordance with the movement of the object in the respective direction. 
 
 
 
     
     
       13. The method of  claim 12 , further comprising:
 while displaying the content region in the insertion marker control mode:
 detecting, via the touch screen, movement of the object in a second respective direction, different from the respective direction; and 
 in response to detecting the movement of the object in the second respective direction:
 in accordance with a determination that the additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker was not displayed when the movement of the object in the second respective direction was detected, moving the insertion marker within the content in accordance with the movement of the object in the second respective direction; and 
 in accordance with a determination that the additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker was displayed when the movement of the object in the second respective direction was detected, moving the insertion marker within the content in accordance with the movement of the object in the second respective direction. 
 
 
 
     
     
       14. An electronic device, comprising:
 one or more processors; 
 memory; and 
 one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for: 
 while displaying, via a touch screen, a content region in an insertion marker control mode, wherein the content region includes content and an insertion marker within a portion of the content in the content region and while detecting an object in contact with the touch screen:
 in accordance with a determination that the object detected on the touch screen is within a threshold distance of the insertion marker while the object is in contact with the touch screen, displaying, via the touch screen, an additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker; and 
 in accordance with a determination that the object detected on the touch screen is not within the threshold distance of the insertion marker while the object is in contact with the touch screen, forgoing displaying the additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker. 
 
 
     
     
       15. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions, which when executed by one or more processors of an electronic device, cause the electronic device to perform a method comprising:
 while displaying, via a touch screen, a content region in an insertion marker control mode, wherein the content region includes content and an insertion marker within a portion of the content in the content region and while detecting an object in contact with the touch screen:
 in accordance with a determination that the object detected on the touch screen is within a threshold distance of the insertion marker while the object is in contact with the touch screen, displaying, via the touch screen, an additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker; and 
 in accordance with a determination that the object detected on the touch screen is not within the threshold distance of the insertion marker while the object is in contact with the touch screen, forgoing displaying the additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker. 
 
 
     
     
       16. The method of  claim 1 , wherein detecting the object on the touch screen includes detecting touchdown of a finger on the touch screen. 
     
     
       17. The method of  claim 1 , wherein detecting that the object on the touch screen is within the threshold distance of the insertion marker further comprises detecting that more than a threshold amount of the object is coincident with the insertion marker. 
     
     
       18. The device of  claim 14 , the one or more programs further including instructions for:
 before the content region is in the insertion marker control mode:
 displaying, via the touch screen, the content region that includes the content and the insertion marker; and 
 while displaying the content region, detecting, via the touch screen, touchdown of the object at a respective location in the content region; and 
 
 in response to detecting the touchdown of the object at the respective location:
 in accordance with a determination that the object satisfies one or more criteria, including a criterion that is satisfied when the respective location corresponds to a location of the insertion marker in the content region, initiating the insertion marker control mode for the content region. 
 
 
     
     
       19. The device of  claim 14 , the one or more programs further including instructions for:
 before the content region is in the insertion marker control mode:
 displaying, via the touch screen, the content region that includes the content and the insertion marker; and 
 while displaying the content region, detecting, via the touch screen, touchdown of the object at a respective location in the content region; and 
 
 in response to detecting the touchdown of the object at the respective location:
 in accordance with a determination that the object satisfies one or more criteria, including a criterion that is satisfied when the respective location is in a respective portion of the content that does not include the insertion marker:
 moving the insertion marker to a location in the content region corresponding to the respective location; and 
 initiating the insertion marker control mode for the content region. 
 
 
 
     
     
       20. The device of  claim 14 , wherein the additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker is displayed at a predefined relative position with respect to the insertion marker. 
     
     
       21. The device of  claim 14 , the one or more programs further including instructions for:
 while displaying the additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker, detecting, via the touch screen, movement of the object in a respective direction away from the additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker; and 
 in response to detecting the movement of the object in the respective direction, initiating a process to cease display of the additional representation, wherein the process is controlled in accordance with the movement of the object in the respective direction. 
 
     
     
       22. The device of  claim 21 , the one or more programs further including instructions for:
 in response to detecting the movement of the object in the respective direction, maintaining a location of the insertion marker in the portion of the content while the object is moving in the respective direction. 
 
     
     
       23. The device of  claim 21 , the one or more programs further including instructions for:
 after initiating the process to cease display of the additional representation of the portion of the content and before ceasing display of the additional representation of the portion of the content, detecting, via the touch screen, movement of the object in a second respective direction towards the additional representation; and 
 in response to detecting the movement of the object in the second respective direction, reemphasizing the additional representation in accordance with the movement of the object in the second respective direction without moving the insertion marker. 
 
     
     
       24. The device of  claim 21 , the one or more programs further including instructions for:
 after initiating the process to cease display of the additional representation of the portion of the content and after ceasing display of the additional representation of the portion of the content, detecting, via the touch screen, movement of the object in a second respective direction towards the additional representation; and 
 in response to detecting the movement of the object in the second respective direction, moving the insertion marker within the content in accordance with the movement of the object in the second respective direction without redisplaying the additional representation of the portion of the content. 
 
     
     
       25. The device of  claim 21 , the one or more programs further including instructions for:
 after initiating the process to cease display of the additional representation of the portion of the content and after ceasing display of the additional representation of the portion of the content, detecting, via the touch screen, additional movement of the object in the respective direction; and 
 in response to detecting the additional movement of the object in the respective direction, moving the insertion marker within the content in accordance with the movement of the object in the respective direction. 
 
     
     
       26. The device of  claim 21 , the one or more programs further including instructions for:
 after initiating the process to cease display of the additional representation of the portion of the content and after ceasing display of the additional representation of the portion of the content, detecting, via the touch screen, additional movement of the object in the respective direction; and 
 in response to detecting the additional movement of the object in the respective direction, forgoing moving the insertion marker in accordance with the movement of the object in the respective direction. 
 
     
     
       27. The device of  claim 14 , the one or more programs further including instructions for:
 while displaying the additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker, detecting, via the touch screen, movement of the object in a respective direction towards the additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker; and 
 in response to detecting the movement of the object in the respective direction:
 moving the insertion marker from the portion of the content to a second portion of the content in the content region in accordance with the movement of the object in the respective direction; and 
 updating the additional representation to be a representation of the second portion of the content that includes the insertion marker. 
 
 
     
     
       28. The device of  claim 14 , the one or more programs further including instructions for:
 while displaying the content region in the insertion marker control mode:
 detecting, via the touch screen, movement of the object in a respective direction; and 
 in response to detecting the movement of the object in the respective direction:
 in accordance with a determination that the additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker was not displayed when the movement of the object in the respective direction was detected, moving the insertion marker within the content in accordance with the movement of the object in the respective direction; and 
 in accordance with a determination that the additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker was displayed when the movement of the object in the respective direction was detected, forgoing moving the insertion marker within the content in accordance with the movement of the object in the respective direction. 
 
 
 
     
     
       29. The device of  claim 28 , the one or more programs further including instructions for:
 while displaying the content region in the insertion marker control mode:
 detecting, via the touch screen, movement of the object in a second respective direction, different from the respective direction; and 
 in response to detecting the movement of the object in the second respective direction:
 in accordance with a determination that the additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker was not displayed when the movement of the object in the second respective direction was detected, moving the insertion marker within the content in accordance with the movement of the object in the second respective direction; and 
 in accordance with a determination that the additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker was displayed when the movement of the object in the second respective direction was detected, moving the insertion marker within the content in accordance with the movement of the object in the second respective direction. 
 
 
 
     
     
       30. The device of  claim 14 , wherein detecting the object on the touch screen includes detecting touchdown of a finger on the touch screen. 
     
     
       31. The device of  claim 14 , wherein detecting that the object on the touch screen is within the threshold distance of the insertion marker further comprises detecting that more than a threshold amount of the object is coincident with the insertion marker. 
     
     
       32. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 15 , the method further comprising:
 before the content region is in the insertion marker control mode:
 displaying, via the touch screen, the content region that includes the content and the insertion marker; and 
 while displaying the content region, detecting, via the touch screen, touchdown of the object at a respective location in the content region; and 
 
 in response to detecting the touchdown of the object at the respective location:
 in accordance with a determination that the object satisfies one or more criteria, including a criterion that is satisfied when the respective location corresponds to a location of the insertion marker in the content region, initiating the insertion marker control mode for the content region. 
 
 
     
     
       33. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 15 , the method further comprising:
 before the content region is in the insertion marker control mode:
 displaying, via the touch screen, the content region that includes the content and the insertion marker; and 
 while displaying the content region, detecting, via the touch screen, touchdown of the object at a respective location in the content region; and 
 
 in response to detecting the touchdown of the object at the respective location:
 in accordance with a determination that the object satisfies one or more criteria, including a criterion that is satisfied when the respective location is in a respective portion of the content that does not include the insertion marker:
 moving the insertion marker to a location in the content region corresponding to the respective location; and 
 initiating the insertion marker control mode for the content region. 
 
 
 
     
     
       34. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 15 , wherein the additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker is displayed at a predefined relative position with respect to the insertion marker. 
     
     
       35. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 15 , the method further comprising:
 while displaying the additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker, detecting, via the touch screen, movement of the object in a respective direction away from the additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker; and 
 in response to detecting the movement of the object in the respective direction, initiating a process to cease display of the additional representation, wherein the process is controlled in accordance with the movement of the object in the respective direction. 
 
     
     
       36. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 35 , the method further comprising:
 in response to detecting the movement of the object in the respective direction, maintaining a location of the insertion marker in the portion of the content while the object is moving in the respective direction. 
 
     
     
       37. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 35 , the method further comprising:
 after initiating the process to cease display of the additional representation of the portion of the content and before ceasing display of the additional representation of the portion of the content, detecting, via the touch screen, movement of the object in a second respective direction towards the additional representation; and 
 in response to detecting the movement of the object in the second respective direction, reemphasizing the additional representation in accordance with the movement of the object in the second respective direction without moving the insertion marker. 
 
     
     
       38. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 35 , the method further comprising:
 after initiating the process to cease display of the additional representation of the portion of the content and after ceasing display of the additional representation of the portion of the content, detecting, via the touch screen, movement of the object in a second respective direction towards the additional representation; and 
 in response to detecting the movement of the object in the second respective direction, moving the insertion marker within the content in accordance with the movement of the object in the second respective direction without redisplaying the additional representation of the portion of the content. 
 
     
     
       39. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 35 , the method further comprising:
 after initiating the process to cease display of the additional representation of the portion of the content and after ceasing display of the additional representation of the portion of the content, detecting, via the touch screen, additional movement of the object in the respective direction; and 
 in response to detecting the additional movement of the object in the respective direction, moving the insertion marker within the content in accordance with the movement of the object in the respective direction. 
 
     
     
       40. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 35 , the method further comprising:
 after initiating the process to cease display of the additional representation of the portion of the content and after ceasing display of the additional representation of the portion of the content, detecting, via the touch screen, additional movement of the object in the respective direction; and 
 in response to detecting the additional movement of the object in the respective direction, forgoing moving the insertion marker in accordance with the movement of the object in the respective direction. 
 
     
     
       41. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 15 , the method further comprising:
 while displaying the additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker, detecting, via the touch screen, movement of the object in a respective direction towards the additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker; and 
 in response to detecting the movement of the object in the respective direction:
 moving the insertion marker from the portion of the content to a second portion of the content in the content region in accordance with the movement of the object in the respective direction; and 
 updating the additional representation to be a representation of the second portion of the content that includes the insertion marker. 
 
 
     
     
       42. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 15 , the method further comprising:
 while displaying the content region in the insertion marker control mode:
 detecting, via the touch screen, movement of the object in a respective direction; and 
 in response to detecting the movement of the object in the respective direction:
 in accordance with a determination that the additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker was not displayed when the movement of the object in the respective direction was detected, moving the insertion marker within the content in accordance with the movement of the object in the respective direction; and 
 in accordance with a determination that the additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker was displayed when the movement of the object in the respective direction was detected, forgoing moving the insertion marker within the content in accordance with the movement of the object in the respective direction. 
 
 
 
     
     
       43. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 42 , the method further comprising:
 while displaying the content region in the insertion marker control mode:
 detecting, via the touch screen, movement of the object in a second respective direction, different from the respective direction; and 
 in response to detecting the movement of the object in the second respective direction:
 in accordance with a determination that the additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker was not displayed when the movement of the object in the second respective direction was detected, moving the insertion marker within the content in accordance with the movement of the object in the second respective direction; and 
 in accordance with a determination that the additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker was displayed when the movement of the object in the second respective direction was detected, moving the insertion marker within the content in accordance with the movement of the object in the second respective direction. 
 
 
 
     
     
       44. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 15 , wherein detecting the object on the touch screen includes detecting touchdown of a finger on the touch screen. 
     
     
       45. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 15 , wherein detecting that the object on the touch screen is within the threshold distance of the insertion marker further comprises detecting that more than a threshold amount of the object is coincident with the insertion marker.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/083,840, filed Sep. 25, 2020, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     This specification relates generally to electronic devices that display user interfaces for controlling an insertion marker. 
     BACKGROUND 
     User interaction with electronic devices has increased significantly in recent years. These devices can be devices such as computers, tablet computers, televisions, multimedia devices, mobile devices, and the like. 
     In some circumstances, users wish to control an insertion marker in content, for example using a content editing application. An electronic device can provide a user with user interfaces for performing such control. 
     SUMMARY 
     Some embodiments described in this disclosure are directed to user interfaces for controlling the display of an additional representation of content surrounding an insertion marker while maintaining the ability to control the insertion marker using, for example, a content editing application. Enhancing these interactions improves the user&#39;s experience with the device and decreases user interaction time, which is particularly important where input devices are battery-operated. 
     It is well understood that the use of personally identifiable information should follow privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining the privacy of users. In particular, personally identifiable information data should be managed and handled so as to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of authorized use should be clearly indicated to users. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a better understanding of the various described embodiments, reference should be made to the Detailed Description below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures. 
         FIG.  1 A  is a block diagram illustrating a portable multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  1 B  is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  2    illustrates a portable multifunction device having a touch screen in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  3    is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  4 A  illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu of applications on a portable multifunction device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  4 B  illustrates an exemplary user interface for a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  5 A  illustrates a personal electronic device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  5 B  is a block diagram illustrating a personal electronic device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS.  5 C- 5 D  illustrate exemplary components of a personal electronic device having a touch-sensitive display and intensity sensors in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS.  5 E- 5 H  illustrate exemplary components and user interfaces of a personal electronic device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS.  6 A- 6 R  illustrate exemplary ways in which an electronic device facilitates controlling the display of an additional representation of content surrounding an insertion marker while maintaining the ability to control the insertion marker in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  7    is a flow diagram illustrating a method for controlling the display of an additional representation of content surrounding an insertion marker while maintaining the ability to control the insertion marker in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The following description sets forth exemplary methods, parameters, and the like. It should be recognized, however, that such description is not intended as a limitation on the scope of the present disclosure but is instead provided as a description of exemplary embodiments. 
     There is a need for electronic devices that provide efficient user interfaces and mechanisms for user interaction for controlling the display of an additional representation of content (e.g., displayed by an electronic device to allow a user to view content that might be obscured by the user&#39;s contact with the display) while maintaining the ability to control the insertion marker in the content (e.g., the ability to move the insertion marker based on movement of the user&#39;s contact with the display). In some implementations, an electronic device displays a content region that includes an insertion marker. In some implementations, the content region is in an insertion marker control mode during which at least some movements of a user&#39;s contact on the display are able to control the location of the insertion marker within the content region. In some implementations, if the user&#39;s contact is within a threshold distance of the insertion marker, the electronic device displays an additional representation of the content surrounding the insertion marker, and if the user&#39;s contact is not within the threshold distance of the insertion marker, the electronic device does not display the additional representation of the content surrounding the insertion marker. Such techniques can avoid obscuring other content in the content region while display of the additional representation is not needed, while still allowing for the additional representation to be displayed when content in the content region is likely obscured by the user&#39;s contact. Further, such techniques can reduce processor and battery power otherwise wasted on redundant user inputs. 
     Although the following description uses terms “first,” “second,” etc. to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by the terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first touch could be termed a second touch, and, similarly, a second touch could be termed a first touch, without departing from the scope of the various described embodiments. The first touch and the second touch are both touches, but they are not the same touch. 
     The terminology used in the description of the various described embodiments herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various described embodiments and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     The term “if” is, optionally, construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” is, optionally, construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event],” depending on the context. 
     Embodiments of electronic devices, user interfaces for such devices, and associated processes for using such devices are described. In some embodiments, the device is a portable communications device, such as a mobile telephone, that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/or music player functions. Exemplary embodiments of portable multifunction devices include, without limitation, the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California Other portable electronic devices, such as laptops or tablet computers with touch-sensitive surfaces (e.g., touch screen displays and/or touchpads), are, optionally, used. It should also be understood that, in some embodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but is a desktop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch screen display and/or a touchpad). In some embodiments, the electronic device is a computer system that is in communication (e.g., via wireless communication, via wired communication) with a display generation component. The display generation component is configured to provide visual output, such as display via a CRT display, display via an LED display, or display via image projection. In some embodiments, the display generation component is integrated with the computer system. In some embodiments, the display generation component is separate from the computer system. As used herein, “displaying” content includes causing to display the content (e.g., video data rendered or decoded by display controller  156 ) by transmitting, via a wired or wireless connection, data (e.g., image data or video data) to an integrated or external display generation component to visually produce the content. 
     In the discussion that follows, an electronic device that includes a display and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should be understood, however, that the electronic device optionally includes one or more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physical keyboard, a mouse, and/or a joystick. 
     The device typically supports a variety of applications, such as one or more of the following: a drawing application, a presentation application, a word processing application, a website creation application, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheet application, a gaming application, a telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, a workout support application, a photo management application, a digital camera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing application, a digital music player application, and/or a digital video player application. 
     The various applications that are executed on the device optionally use at least one common physical user-interface device, such as the touch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitive surface as well as corresponding information displayed on the device are, optionally, adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physical architecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the device optionally supports the variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and transparent to the user. 
     Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable devices with touch-sensitive displays.  FIG.  1 A  is a block diagram illustrating portable multifunction device  100  with touch-sensitive display system  112  in accordance with some embodiments. Touch-sensitive display  112  is sometimes called a “touch screen” for convenience and is sometimes known as or called a “touch-sensitive display system.” Device  100  includes memory  102  (which optionally includes one or more computer-readable storage mediums), memory controller  122 , one or more processing units (CPUs)  120 , peripherals interface  118 , RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , input/output (I/O) subsystem  106 , other input control devices  116 , and external port  124 . Device  100  optionally includes one or more optical sensors  164 . Device  100  optionally includes one or more contact intensity sensors  165  for detecting intensity of contacts on device  100  (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive display system  112  of device  100 ). Device  100  optionally includes one or more tactile output generators  167  for generating tactile outputs on device  100  (e.g., generating tactile outputs on a touch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive display system  112  of device  100  or touchpad  355  of device  300 ). These components optionally communicate over one or more communication buses or signal lines  103 . 
     As used in the specification and claims, the term “intensity” of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface refers to the force or pressure (force per unit area) of a contact (e.g., a finger contact) on the touch-sensitive surface, or to a substitute (proxy) for the force or pressure of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface. The intensity of a contact has a range of values that includes at least four distinct values and more typically includes hundreds of distinct values (e.g., at least 256). Intensity of a contact is, optionally, determined (or measured) using various approaches and various sensors or combinations of sensors. For example, one or more force sensors underneath or adjacent to the touch-sensitive surface are, optionally, used to measure force at various points on the touch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, force measurements from multiple force sensors are combined (e.g., a weighted average) to determine an estimated force of a contact. Similarly, a pressure-sensitive tip of a stylus is, optionally, used to determine a pressure of the stylus on the touch-sensitive surface. Alternatively, the size of the contact area detected on the touch-sensitive surface and/or changes thereto, the capacitance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto, and/or the resistance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto are, optionally, used as a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are used directly to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is described in units corresponding to the substitute measurements). In some implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are converted to an estimated force or pressure, and the estimated force or pressure is used to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is a pressure threshold measured in units of pressure). Using the intensity of a contact as an attribute of a user input allows for user access to additional device functionality that may otherwise not be accessible by the user on a reduced-size device with limited real estate for displaying affordances (e.g., on a touch-sensitive display) and/or receiving user input (e.g., via a touch-sensitive display, a touch-sensitive surface, or a physical/mechanical control such as a knob or a button). 
     As used in the specification and claims, the term “tactile output” refers to physical displacement of a device relative to a previous position of the device, physical displacement of a component (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface) of a device relative to another component (e.g., housing) of the device, or displacement of the component relative to a center of mass of the device that will be detected by a user with the user&#39;s sense of touch. For example, in situations where the device or the component of the device is in contact with a surface of a user that is sensitive to touch (e.g., a finger, palm, or other part of a user&#39;s hand), the tactile output generated by the physical displacement will be interpreted by the user as a tactile sensation corresponding to a perceived change in physical characteristics of the device or the component of the device. For example, movement of a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch-sensitive display or trackpad) is, optionally, interpreted by the user as a “down click” or “up click” of a physical actuator button. In some cases, a user will feel a tactile sensation such as an “down click” or “up click” even when there is no movement of a physical actuator button associated with the touch-sensitive surface that is physically pressed (e.g., displaced) by the user&#39;s movements. As another example, movement of the touch-sensitive surface is, optionally, interpreted or sensed by the user as “roughness” of the touch-sensitive surface, even when there is no change in smoothness of the touch-sensitive surface. While such interpretations of touch by a user will be subject to the individualized sensory perceptions of the user, there are many sensory perceptions of touch that are common to a large majority of users. Thus, when a tactile output is described as corresponding to a particular sensory perception of a user (e.g., an “up click,” a “down click,” “roughness”), unless otherwise stated, the generated tactile output corresponds to physical displacement of the device or a component thereof that will generate the described sensory perception for a typical (or average) user. 
     It should be appreciated that device  100  is only one example of a portable multifunction device, and that device  100  optionally has more or fewer components than shown, optionally combines two or more components, or optionally has a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown in  FIG.  1 A  are implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both hardware and software, including one or more signal processing and/or application-specific integrated circuits. 
     Memory  102  optionally includes high-speed random access memory and optionally also includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Memory controller  122  optionally controls access to memory  102  by other components of device  100 . 
     Peripherals interface  118  can be used to couple input and output peripherals of the device to CPU  120  and memory  102 . The one or more processors  120  run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in memory  102  to perform various functions for device  100  and to process data. In some embodiments, peripherals interface  118 , CPU  120 , and memory controller  122  are, optionally, implemented on a single chip, such as chip  104 . In some other embodiments, they are, optionally, implemented on separate chips. 
     RF (radio frequency) circuitry  108  receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  108  converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  108  optionally includes well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RF circuitry  108  optionally communicates with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The RF circuitry  108  optionally includes well-known circuitry for detecting near field communication (NFC) fields, such as by a short-range communication radio. The wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols, and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), Evolution, Data-Only (EV-DO), HSPA, HSPA+, Dual-Cell HSPA (DC-HSPDA), long term evolution (LTE), near field communication (NFC), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy (BTLE), Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11n, and/or IEEE 802.11ac), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document. 
     Audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , and microphone  113  provide an audio interface between a user and device  100 . Audio circuitry  110  receives audio data from peripherals interface  118 , converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to speaker  111 . Speaker  111  converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves. Audio circuitry  110  also receives electrical signals converted by microphone  113  from sound waves. Audio circuitry  110  converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to peripherals interface  118  for processing. Audio data is, optionally, retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory  102  and/or RF circuitry  108  by peripherals interface  118 . In some embodiments, audio circuitry  110  also includes a headset jack (e.g.,  212 ,  FIG.  2   ). The headset jack provides an interface between audio circuitry  110  and removable audio input/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headset with both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input (e.g., a microphone). 
     I/O subsystem  106  couples input/output peripherals on device  100 , such as touch screen  112  and other input control devices  116 , to peripherals interface  118 . I/O subsystem  106  optionally includes display controller  156 , optical sensor controller  158 , intensity sensor controller  159 , haptic feedback controller  161 , and one or more input controllers  160  for other input or control devices. The one or more input controllers  160  receive/send electrical signals from/to other input control devices  116 . The other input control devices  116  optionally include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s)  160  are, optionally, coupled to any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, an infrared port, a USB port, and a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g.,  208 ,  FIG.  2   ) optionally include an up/down button for volume control of speaker  111  and/or microphone  113 . The one or more buttons optionally include a push button (e.g.,  206 ,  FIG.  2   ). In some embodiments, the electronic device is a computer system that is in communication (e.g., via wireless communication, via wired communication) with one or more input devices. In some embodiments, the one or more input devices include a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a trackpad, as part of a touch-sensitive display). In some embodiments, the one or more input devices include one or more camera sensors (e.g., one or more optical sensors  164  and/or one or more depth camera sensors  175 ), such as for tracking a user&#39;s gestures (e.g., hand gestures) as input. In some embodiments, the one or more input devices are integrated with the computer system. In some embodiments, the one or more input devices are separate from the computer system. 
     A quick press of the push button optionally disengages a lock of touch screen  112  or optionally begins a process that uses gestures on the touch screen to unlock the device, as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/322,549, “Unlocking a Device by Performing Gestures on an Unlock Image,” filed Dec. 23, 2005, U.S. Pat. No. 7,657,849, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. A longer press of the push button (e.g.,  206 ) optionally turns power to device  100  on or off. The functionality of one or more of the buttons are, optionally, user-customizable. Touch screen  112  is used to implement virtual or soft buttons and one or more soft keyboards. 
     Touch-sensitive display  112  provides an input interface and an output interface between the device and a user. Display controller  156  receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to touch screen  112 . Touch screen  112  displays visual output to the user. The visual output optionally includes graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all of the visual output optionally corresponds to user-interface objects. 
     Touch screen  112  has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor, or set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact. Touch screen  112  and display controller  156  (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory  102 ) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on touch screen  112  and convert the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages, or images) that are displayed on touch screen  112 . In an exemplary embodiment, a point of contact between touch screen  112  and the user corresponds to a finger of the user. 
     Touch screen  112  optionally uses LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED (light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologies are used in other embodiments. Touch screen  112  and display controller  156  optionally detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of a plurality of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with touch screen  112 . In an exemplary embodiment, projected mutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in the iPhone® and iPod Touch® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California. 
     A touch-sensitive display in some embodiments of touch screen  112  is, optionally, analogous to the multi-touch sensitive touchpads described in the following U.S. Pat. No. 6,323,846 (Westerman et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 6,570,557 (Westerman et al.), and/or U.S. Pat. No. 6,677,932 (Westerman), and/or U.S. Patent Publication 2002/0015024A1, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. However, touch screen  112  displays visual output from device  100 , whereas touch-sensitive touchpads do not provide visual output. 
     A touch-sensitive display in some embodiments of touch screen  112  is described in the following applications: (1) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/381,313, “Multipoint Touch Surface Controller,” filed May 2, 2006; (2) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/840,862, “Multipoint Touchscreen,” filed May 6, 2004; (3) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/903,964, “Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jul. 30, 2004; (4) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/048,264, “Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jan. 31, 2005; (5) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/038,590, “Mode-Based Graphical User Interfaces For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jan. 18, 2005; (6) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,758, “Virtual Input Device Placement On A Touch Screen User Interface,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; (7) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,700, “Operation Of A Computer With A Touch Screen Interface,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; (8) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,737, “Activating Virtual Keys Of A Touch-Screen Virtual Keyboard,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; and (9) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/367,749, “Multi-Functional Hand-Held Device,” filed Mar. 3, 2006. All of these applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. 
     Touch screen  112  optionally has a video resolution in excess of 100 dpi. In some embodiments, the touch screen has a video resolution of approximately 160 dpi. The user optionally makes contact with touch screen  112  using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to work primarily with finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired by the user. 
     In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, device  100  optionally includes a touchpad (not shown) for activating or deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output. The touchpad is, optionally, a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from touch screen  112  or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen. 
     Device  100  also includes power system  162  for powering the various components. Power system  162  optionally includes a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices. 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more optical sensors  164 .  FIG.  1 A  shows an optical sensor coupled to optical sensor controller  158  in I/O subsystem  106 . Optical sensor  164  optionally includes charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistors. Optical sensor  164  receives light from the environment, projected through one or more lenses, and converts the light to data representing an image. In conjunction with imaging module  143  (also called a camera module), optical sensor  164  optionally captures still images or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch screen display  112  on the front of the device so that the touch screen display is enabled for use as a viewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the front of the device so that the user&#39;s image is, optionally, obtained for video conferencing while the user views the other video conference participants on the touch screen display. In some embodiments, the position of optical sensor  164  can be changed by the user (e.g., by rotating the lens and the sensor in the device housing) so that a single optical sensor  164  is used along with the touch screen display for both video conferencing and still and/or video image acquisition. 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more contact intensity sensors  165 .  FIG.  1 A  shows a contact intensity sensor coupled to intensity sensor controller  159  in I/O subsystem  106 . Contact intensity sensor  165  optionally includes one or more piezoresistive strain gauges, capacitive force sensors, electric force sensors, piezoelectric force sensors, optical force sensors, capacitive touch-sensitive surfaces, or other intensity sensors (e.g., sensors used to measure the force (or pressure) of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface). Contact intensity sensor  165  receives contact intensity information (e.g., pressure information or a proxy for pressure information) from the environment. In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112 ). In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch screen display  112 , which is located on the front of device  100 . 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more proximity sensors  166 .  FIG.  1 A  shows proximity sensor  166  coupled to peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, proximity sensor  166  is, optionally, coupled to input controller  160  in I/O subsystem  106 . Proximity sensor  166  optionally performs as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/241,839, “Proximity Detector In Handheld Device”; Ser. No. 11/240,788, “Proximity Detector In Handheld Device”; Ser. No. 11/620,702, “Using Ambient Light Sensor To Augment Proximity Sensor Output”; Ser. No. 11/586,862, “Automated Response To And Sensing Of User Activity In Portable Devices”; and Ser. No. 11/638,251, “Methods And Systems For Automatic Configuration Of Peripherals,” which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. In some embodiments, the proximity sensor turns off and disables touch screen  112  when the multifunction device is placed near the user&#39;s ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call). 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more tactile output generators  167 .  FIG.  1 A  shows a tactile output generator coupled to haptic feedback controller  161  in I/O subsystem  106 . Tactile output generator  167  optionally includes one or more electroacoustic devices such as speakers or other audio components and/or electromechanical devices that convert energy into linear motion such as a motor, solenoid, electroactive polymer, piezoelectric actuator, electrostatic actuator, or other tactile output generating component (e.g., a component that converts electrical signals into tactile outputs on the device). Contact intensity sensor  165  receives tactile feedback generation instructions from haptic feedback module  133  and generates tactile outputs on device  100  that are capable of being sensed by a user of device  100 . In some embodiments, at least one tactile output generator is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112 ) and, optionally, generates a tactile output by moving the touch-sensitive surface vertically (e.g., in/out of a surface of device  100 ) or laterally (e.g., back and forth in the same plane as a surface of device  100 ). In some embodiments, at least one tactile output generator sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch screen display  112 , which is located on the front of device  100 . 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more accelerometers  168 .  FIG.  1 A  shows accelerometer  168  coupled to peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, accelerometer  168  is, optionally, coupled to an input controller  160  in I/O subsystem  106 . Accelerometer  168  optionally performs as described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 20050190059, “Acceleration-based Theft Detection System for Portable Electronic Devices,” and U.S. Patent Publication No. 20060017692, “Methods And Apparatuses For Operating A Portable Device Based On An Accelerometer,” both of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. In some embodiments, information is displayed on the touch screen display in a portrait view or a landscape view based on an analysis of data received from the one or more accelerometers. Device  100  optionally includes, in addition to accelerometer(s)  168 , a magnetometer (not shown) and a GPS (or GLONASS or other global navigation system) receiver (not shown) for obtaining information concerning the location and orientation (e.g., portrait or landscape) of device  100 . 
     In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory  102  include operating system  126 , communication module (or set of instructions)  128 , contact/motion module (or set of instructions)  130 , graphics module (or set of instructions)  132 , text input module (or set of instructions)  134 , Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set of instructions)  135 , and applications (or sets of instructions)  136 . Furthermore, in some embodiments, memory  102  ( FIG.  1 A ) or  370  ( FIG.  3   ) stores device/global internal state  157 , as shown in  FIGS.  1 A and  3   . Device/global internal state  157  includes one or more of: active application state, indicating which applications, if any, are currently active; display state, indicating what applications, views or other information occupy various regions of touch screen display  112 ; sensor state, including information obtained from the device&#39;s various sensors and input control devices  116 ; and location information concerning the device&#39;s location and/or attitude. 
     Operating system  126  (e.g., Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, iOS, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components. 
     Communication module  128  facilitates communication with other devices over one or more external ports  124  and also includes various software components for handling data received by RF circuitry  108  and/or external port  124 . External port  124  (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with, the 30-pin connector used on iPod® (trademark of Apple Inc.) devices. 
     Contact/motion module  130  optionally detects contact with touch screen  112  (in conjunction with display controller  156 ) and other touch-sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). Contact/motion module  130  includes various software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact, such as determining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-down event), determining an intensity of the contact (e.g., the force or pressure of the contact or a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact), determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact). Contact/motion module  130  receives contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which is represented by a series of contact data, optionally includes determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. These operations are, optionally, applied to single contacts (e.g., one finger contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g., “multitouch”/multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments, contact/motion module  130  and display controller  156  detect contact on a touchpad. 
     In some embodiments, contact/motion module  130  uses a set of one or more intensity thresholds to determine whether an operation has been performed by a user (e.g., to determine whether a user has “clicked” on an icon). In some embodiments, at least a subset of the intensity thresholds are determined in accordance with software parameters (e.g., the intensity thresholds are not determined by the activation thresholds of particular physical actuators and can be adjusted without changing the physical hardware of device  100 ). For example, a mouse “click” threshold of a trackpad or touch screen display can be set to any of a large range of predefined threshold values without changing the trackpad or touch screen display hardware. Additionally, in some implementations, a user of the device is provided with software settings for adjusting one or more of the set of intensity thresholds (e.g., by adjusting individual intensity thresholds and/or by adjusting a plurality of intensity thresholds at once with a system-level click “intensity” parameter). 
     Contact/motion module  130  optionally detects a gesture input by a user. Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contact patterns (e.g., different motions, timings, and/or intensities of detected contacts). Thus, a gesture is, optionally, detected by detecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a finger tap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting a finger-up (liftoff) event at the same position (or substantially the same position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequently followed by detecting a finger-up (liftoff) event. 
     Graphics module  132  includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics on touch screen  112  or other display, including components for changing the visual impact (e.g., brightness, transparency, saturation, contrast, or other visual property) of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics” includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including, without limitation, text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations, and the like. 
     In some embodiments, graphics module  132  stores data representing graphics to be used. Each graphic is, optionally, assigned a corresponding code. Graphics module  132  receives, from applications etc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with, if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and then generates screen image data to output to display controller  156 . 
     Haptic feedback module  133  includes various software components for generating instructions used by tactile output generator(s)  167  to produce tactile outputs at one or more locations on device  100  in response to user interactions with device  100 . 
     Text input module  134 , which is, optionally, a component of graphics module  132 , provides soft keyboards for entering text in various applications (e.g., contacts  137 , e-mail  140 , IM  141 , browser  147 , and any other application that needs text input). 
     GPS module  135  determines the location of the device and provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone  138  for use in location-based dialing; to camera  143  as picture/video metadata; and to applications that provide location-based services such as weather widgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets). 
     Applications  136  optionally include the following modules (or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof:
     Contacts module  137  (sometimes called an address book or contact list);   Telephone module  138 ;   Video conference module  139 ;   E-mail client module  140 ;   Instant messaging (IM) module  141 ;   Workout support module  142 ;   Camera module  143  for still and/or video images;   Image management module  144 ;   Video player module;   Music player module;   Browser module  147 ;   Calendar module  148 ;   Widget modules  149 , which optionally include one or more of: weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  149 - 3 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , dictionary widget  149 - 5 , and other widgets obtained by the user, as well as user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   Widget creator module  150  for making user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   Search module  151 ;   Video and music player module  152 , which merges video player module and music player module;   Notes module  153 ;   Map module  154 ; and/or   Online video module  155 .   

     Examples of other applications  136  that are, optionally, stored in memory  102  include other word processing applications, other image editing applications, drawing applications, presentation applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice replication. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , contacts module  137  are, optionally, used to manage an address book or contact list (e.g., stored in application internal state  192  of contacts module  137  in memory  102  or memory  370 ), including: adding name(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book; associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or other information with a name; associating an image with a name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers or e-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications by telephone  138 , video conference module  139 , e-mail  140 , or IM  141 ; and so forth. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , telephone module  138  are optionally, used to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers in contacts module  137 , modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation, and disconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As noted above, the wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols, and technologies. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , contacts module  137 , and telephone module  138 , video conference module  139  includes executable instructions to initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user and one or more other participants in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140  includes executable instructions to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response to user instructions. In conjunction with image management module  144 , e-mail client module  140  makes it very easy to create and send e-mails with still or video images taken with camera module  143 . 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the instant messaging module  141  includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to an instant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit a respective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service (SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-based instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS for Internet-based instant messages), to receive instant messages, and to view received instant messages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or received instant messages optionally include graphics, photos, audio files, video files and/or other attachments as are supported in an MMS and/or an Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging” refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , map module  154 , and music player module, workout support module  142  includes executable instructions to create workouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burning goals); communicate with workout sensors (sports devices); receive workout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout; select and play music for a workout; and display, store, and transmit workout data. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor(s)  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , and image management module  144 , camera module  143  includes executable instructions to capture still images or video (including a video stream) and store them into memory  102 , modify characteristics of a still image or video, or delete a still image or video from memory  102 . 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and camera module  143 , image management module  144  includes executable instructions to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/or video images. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , browser module  147  includes executable instructions to browse the Internet in accordance with user instructions, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portions thereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , calendar module  148  includes executable instructions to create, display, modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendar entries, to-do lists, etc.) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , widget modules  149  are mini-applications that are, optionally, downloaded and used by a user (e.g., weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  149 - 3 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , and dictionary widget  149 - 5 ) or created by the user (e.g., user-created widget  149 - 6 ). In some embodiments, a widget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In some embodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , the widget creator module  150  are, optionally, used by a user to create widgets (e.g., turning a user-specified portion of a web page into a widget). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , search module  151  includes executable instructions to search for text, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory  102  that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , and browser module  147 , video and music player module  152  includes executable instructions that allow the user to download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, and executable instructions to display, present, or otherwise play back videos (e.g., on touch screen  112  or on an external, connected display via external port  124 ). In some embodiments, device  100  optionally includes the functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , notes module  153  includes executable instructions to create and manage notes, to-do lists, and the like in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , and browser module  147 , map module  154  are, optionally, used to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data associated with maps (e.g., driving directions, data on stores and other points of interest at or near a particular location, and other location-based data) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , online video module  155  includes instructions that allow the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen or on an external, connected display via external port  124 ), send an e-mail with a link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats, such as H.264. In some embodiments, instant messaging module  141 , rather than e-mail client module  140 , is used to send a link to a particular online video. Additional description of the online video application can be found in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/936,562, “Portable Multifunction Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Playing Online Videos,” filed Jun. 20, 2007, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/968,067, “Portable Multifunction Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Playing Online Videos,” filed Dec. 31, 2007, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
     Each of the above-identified modules and applications corresponds to a set of executable instructions for performing one or more functions described above and the methods described in this application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods described herein). These modules (e.g., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures, or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise rearranged in various embodiments. For example, video player module is, optionally, combined with music player module into a single module (e.g., video and music player module  152 ,  FIG.  1 A ). In some embodiments, memory  102  optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  102  optionally stores additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     In some embodiments, device  100  is a device where operation of a predefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/or a touchpad as the primary input control device for operation of device  100 , the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) on device  100  is, optionally, reduced. 
     The predefined set of functions that are performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad optionally include navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by the user, navigates device  100  to a main, home, or root menu from any user interface that is displayed on device  100 . In such embodiments, a “menu button” is implemented using a touchpad. In some other embodiments, the menu button is a physical push button or other physical input control device instead of a touchpad. 
       FIG.  1 B  is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  102  ( FIG.  1 A ) or  370  ( FIG.  3   ) includes event sorter  170  (e.g., in operating system  126 ) and a respective application  136 - 1  (e.g., any of the aforementioned applications  137 - 151 ,  155 ,  380 - 390 ). 
     Event sorter  170  receives event information and determines the application  136 - 1  and application view  191  of application  136 - 1  to which to deliver the event information. Event sorter  170  includes event monitor  171  and event dispatcher module  174 . In some embodiments, application  136 - 1  includes application internal state  192 , which indicates the current application view(s) displayed on touch-sensitive display  112  when the application is active or executing. In some embodiments, device/global internal state  157  is used by event sorter  170  to determine which application(s) is (are) currently active, and application internal state  192  is used by event sorter  170  to determine application views  191  to which to deliver event information. 
     In some embodiments, application internal state  192  includes additional information, such as one or more of: resume information to be used when application  136 - 1  resumes execution, user interface state information that indicates information being displayed or that is ready for display by application  136 - 1 , a state queue for enabling the user to go back to a prior state or view of application  136 - 1 , and a redo/undo queue of previous actions taken by the user. 
     Event monitor  171  receives event information from peripherals interface  118 . Event information includes information about a sub-event (e.g., a user touch on touch-sensitive display  112 , as part of a multi-touch gesture). Peripherals interface  118  transmits information it receives from I/O subsystem  106  or a sensor, such as proximity sensor  166 , accelerometer(s)  168 , and/or microphone  113  (through audio circuitry  110 ). Information that peripherals interface  118  receives from I/O subsystem  106  includes information from touch-sensitive display  112  or a touch-sensitive surface. 
     In some embodiments, event monitor  171  sends requests to the peripherals interface  118  at predetermined intervals. In response, peripherals interface  118  transmits event information. In other embodiments, peripherals interface  118  transmits event information only when there is a significant event (e.g., receiving an input above a predetermined noise threshold and/or for more than a predetermined duration). 
     In some embodiments, event sorter  170  also includes a hit view determination module  172  and/or an active event recognizer determination module  173 . 
     Hit view determination module  172  provides software procedures for determining where a sub-event has taken place within one or more views when touch-sensitive display  112  displays more than one view. Views are made up of controls and other elements that a user can see on the display. 
     Another aspect of the user interface associated with an application is a set of views, sometimes herein called application views or user interface windows, in which information is displayed and touch-based gestures occur. The application views (of a respective application) in which a touch is detected optionally correspond to programmatic levels within a programmatic or view hierarchy of the application. For example, the lowest level view in which a touch is detected is, optionally, called the hit view, and the set of events that are recognized as proper inputs are, optionally, determined based, at least in part, on the hit view of the initial touch that begins a touch-based gesture. 
     Hit view determination module  172  receives information related to sub-events of a touch-based gesture. When an application has multiple views organized in a hierarchy, hit view determination module  172  identifies a hit view as the lowest view in the hierarchy which should handle the sub-event. In most circumstances, the hit view is the lowest level view in which an initiating sub-event occurs (e.g., the first sub-event in the sequence of sub-events that form an event or potential event). Once the hit view is identified by the hit view determination module  172 , the hit view typically receives all sub-events related to the same touch or input source for which it was identified as the hit view. 
     Active event recognizer determination module  173  determines which view or views within a view hierarchy should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In some embodiments, active event recognizer determination module  173  determines that only the hit view should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, active event recognizer determination module  173  determines that all views that include the physical location of a sub-event are actively involved views, and therefore determines that all actively involved views should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, even if touch sub-events were entirely confined to the area associated with one particular view, views higher in the hierarchy would still remain as actively involved views. 
     Event dispatcher module  174  dispatches the event information to an event recognizer (e.g., event recognizer  180 ). In embodiments including active event recognizer determination module  173 , event dispatcher module  174  delivers the event information to an event recognizer determined by active event recognizer determination module  173 . In some embodiments, event dispatcher module  174  stores in an event queue the event information, which is retrieved by a respective event receiver  182 . 
     In some embodiments, operating system  126  includes event sorter  170 . Alternatively, application  136 - 1  includes event sorter  170 . In yet other embodiments, event sorter  170  is a stand-alone module, or a part of another module stored in memory  102 , such as contact/motion module  130 . 
     In some embodiments, application  136 - 1  includes a plurality of event handlers  190  and one or more application views  191 , each of which includes instructions for handling touch events that occur within a respective view of the application&#39;s user interface. Each application view  191  of the application  136 - 1  includes one or more event recognizers  180 . Typically, a respective application view  191  includes a plurality of event recognizers  180 . In other embodiments, one or more of event recognizers  180  are part of a separate module, such as a user interface kit (not shown) or a higher level object from which application  136 - 1  inherits methods and other properties. In some embodiments, a respective event handler  190  includes one or more of: data updater  176 , object updater  177 , GUI updater  178 , and/or event data  179  received from event sorter  170 . Event handler  190  optionally utilizes or calls data updater  176 , object updater  177 , or GUI updater  178  to update the application internal state  192 . Alternatively, one or more of the application views  191  include one or more respective event handlers  190 . Also, in some embodiments, one or more of data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178  are included in a respective application view  191 . 
     A respective event recognizer  180  receives event information (e.g., event data  179 ) from event sorter  170  and identifies an event from the event information. Event recognizer  180  includes event receiver  182  and event comparator  184 . In some embodiments, event recognizer  180  also includes at least a subset of: metadata  183 , and event delivery instructions  188  (which optionally include sub-event delivery instructions). 
     Event receiver  182  receives event information from event sorter  170 . The event information includes information about a sub-event, for example, a touch or a touch movement. Depending on the sub-event, the event information also includes additional information, such as location of the sub-event. When the sub-event concerns motion of a touch, the event information optionally also includes speed and direction of the sub-event. In some embodiments, events include rotation of the device from one orientation to another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to a landscape orientation, or vice versa), and the event information includes corresponding information about the current orientation (also called device attitude) of the device. 
     Event comparator  184  compares the event information to predefined event or sub-event definitions and, based on the comparison, determines an event or sub-event, or determines or updates the state of an event or sub-event. In some embodiments, event comparator  184  includes event definitions  186 . Event definitions  186  contain definitions of events (e.g., predefined sequences of sub-events), for example, event  1  ( 187 - 1 ), event  2  ( 187 - 2 ), and others. In some embodiments, sub-events in an event ( 187 ) include, for example, touch begin, touch end, touch movement, touch cancellation, and multiple touching. In one example, the definition for event  1  ( 187 - 1 ) is a double tap on a displayed object. The double tap, for example, comprises a first touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a first liftoff (touch end) for a predetermined phase, a second touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, and a second liftoff (touch end) for a predetermined phase. In another example, the definition for event  2  ( 187 - 2 ) is a dragging on a displayed object. The dragging, for example, comprises a touch (or contact) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a movement of the touch across touch-sensitive display  112 , and liftoff of the touch (touch end). In some embodiments, the event also includes information for one or more associated event handlers  190 . 
     In some embodiments, event definition  187  includes a definition of an event for a respective user-interface object. In some embodiments, event comparator  184  performs a hit test to determine which user-interface object is associated with a sub-event. For example, in an application view in which three user-interface objects are displayed on touch-sensitive display  112 , when a touch is detected on touch-sensitive display  112 , event comparator  184  performs a hit test to determine which of the three user-interface objects is associated with the touch (sub-event). If each displayed object is associated with a respective event handler  190 , the event comparator uses the result of the hit test to determine which event handler  190  should be activated. For example, event comparator  184  selects an event handler associated with the sub-event and the object triggering the hit test. 
     In some embodiments, the definition for a respective event ( 187 ) also includes delayed actions that delay delivery of the event information until after it has been determined whether the sequence of sub-events does or does not correspond to the event recognizer&#39;s event type. 
     When a respective event recognizer  180  determines that the series of sub-events do not match any of the events in event definitions  186 , the respective event recognizer  180  enters an event impossible, event failed, or event ended state, after which it disregards subsequent sub-events of the touch-based gesture. In this situation, other event recognizers, if any, that remain active for the hit view continue to track and process sub-events of an ongoing touch-based gesture. 
     In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  includes metadata  183  with configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how the event delivery system should perform sub-event delivery to actively involved event recognizers. In some embodiments, metadata  183  includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how event recognizers interact, or are enabled to interact, with one another. In some embodiments, metadata  183  includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate whether sub-events are delivered to varying levels in the view or programmatic hierarchy. 
     In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  activates event handler  190  associated with an event when one or more particular sub-events of an event are recognized. In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  delivers event information associated with the event to event handler  190 . Activating an event handler  190  is distinct from sending (and deferred sending) sub-events to a respective hit view. In some embodiments, event recognizer  180  throws a flag associated with the recognized event, and event handler  190  associated with the flag catches the flag and performs a predefined process. 
     In some embodiments, event delivery instructions  188  include sub-event delivery instructions that deliver event information about a sub-event without activating an event handler. Instead, the sub-event delivery instructions deliver event information to event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or to actively involved views. Event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or with actively involved views receive the event information and perform a predetermined process. 
     In some embodiments, data updater  176  creates and updates data used in application  136 - 1 . For example, data updater  176  updates the telephone number used in contacts module  137 , or stores a video file used in video player module. In some embodiments, object updater  177  creates and updates objects used in application  136 - 1 . For example, object updater  177  creates a new user-interface object or updates the position of a user-interface object. GUI updater  178  updates the GUI. For example, GUI updater  178  prepares display information and sends it to graphics module  132  for display on a touch-sensitive display. 
     In some embodiments, event handler(s)  190  includes or has access to data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178 . In some embodiments, data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178  are included in a single module of a respective application  136 - 1  or application view  191 . In other embodiments, they are included in two or more software modules. 
     It shall be understood that the foregoing discussion regarding event handling of user touches on touch-sensitive displays also applies to other forms of user inputs to operate multifunction devices  100  with input devices, not all of which are initiated on touch screens. For example, mouse movement and mouse button presses, optionally coordinated with single or multiple keyboard presses or holds; contact movements such as taps, drags, scrolls, etc. on touchpads; pen stylus inputs; movement of the device; oral instructions; detected eye movements; biometric inputs; and/or any combination thereof are optionally utilized as inputs corresponding to sub-events which define an event to be recognized. 
       FIG.  2    illustrates a portable multifunction device  100  having a touch screen  112  in accordance with some embodiments. The touch screen optionally displays one or more graphics within user interface (UI)  200 . In this embodiment, as well as others described below, a user is enabled to select one or more of the graphics by making a gesture on the graphics, for example, with one or more fingers  202  (not drawn to scale in the figure) or one or more styluses  203  (not drawn to scale in the figure). In some embodiments, selection of one or more graphics occurs when the user breaks contact with the one or more graphics. In some embodiments, the gesture optionally includes one or more taps, one or more swipes (from left to right, right to left, upward and/or downward), and/or a rolling of a finger (from right to left, left to right, upward and/or downward) that has made contact with device  100 . In some implementations or circumstances, inadvertent contact with a graphic does not select the graphic. For example, a swipe gesture that sweeps over an application icon optionally does not select the corresponding application when the gesture corresponding to selection is a tap. 
     In some embodiments, stylus  203  is an active device and includes one or more electronic circuitry. For example, stylus  203  includes one or more sensors, and one or more communication circuitry (such as communication module  128  and/or RF circuitry  108 ). In some embodiments, stylus  203  includes one or more processors and power systems (e.g., similar to power system  162 ). In some embodiments, stylus  203  includes an accelerometer (such as accelerometer  168 ), magnetometer, and/or gyroscope that is able to determine the position, angle, location, and/or other physical characteristics of stylus  203  (e.g., such as whether the stylus is placed down, angled toward or away from a device, and/or near or far from a device). In some embodiments, stylus  203  is in communication with an electronic device (e.g., via communication circuitry, over a wireless communication protocol such as Bluetooth) and transmits sensor data to the electronic device. In some embodiments, stylus  203  is able to determine (e.g., via the accelerometer or other sensors) whether the user is holding the device. In some embodiments, stylus  203  can accept tap inputs (e.g., single tap or double tap) on stylus  203  (e.g., received by the accelerometer or other sensors) from the user and interpret the input as a command or request to perform a function or change to a different input mode. 
     Device  100  optionally also include one or more physical buttons, such as “home” or menu button  204 . As described previously, menu button  204  is, optionally, used to navigate to any application  136  in a set of applications that are, optionally, executed on device  100 . Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as a soft key in a GUI displayed on touch screen  112 . 
     In some embodiments, device  100  includes touch screen  112 , menu button  204 , push button  206  for powering the device on/off and locking the device, volume adjustment button(s)  208 , subscriber identity module (SIM) card slot  210 , headset jack  212 , and docking/charging external port  124 . Push button  206  is, optionally, used to turn the power on/off on the device by depressing the button and holding the button in the depressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by depressing the button and releasing the button before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an unlock process. In an alternative embodiment, device  100  also accepts verbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions through microphone  113 . Device  100  also, optionally, includes one or more contact intensity sensors  165  for detecting intensity of contacts on touch screen  112  and/or one or more tactile output generators  167  for generating tactile outputs for a user of device  100 . 
       FIG.  3    is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. Device  300  need not be portable. In some embodiments, device  300  is a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a tablet computer, a multimedia player device, a navigation device, an educational device (such as a child&#39;s learning toy), a gaming system, or a control device (e.g., a home or industrial controller). Device  300  typically includes one or more processing units (CPUs)  310 , one or more network or other communications interfaces  360 , memory  370 , and one or more communication buses  320  for interconnecting these components. Communication buses  320  optionally include circuitry (sometimes called a chipset) that interconnects and controls communications between system components. Device  300  includes input/output (I/O) interface  330  comprising display  340 , which is typically a touch screen display. I/O interface  330  also optionally includes a keyboard and/or mouse (or other pointing device)  350  and touchpad  355 , tactile output generator  357  for generating tactile outputs on device  300  (e.g., similar to tactile output generator(s)  167  described above with reference to  FIG.  1 A ), sensors  359  (e.g., optical, acceleration, proximity, touch-sensitive, and/or contact intensity sensors similar to contact intensity sensor(s)  165  described above with reference to  FIG.  1 A ). Memory  370  includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM, or other random access solid state memory devices; and optionally includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory  370  optionally includes one or more storage devices remotely located from CPU(s)  310 . In some embodiments, memory  370  stores programs, modules, and data structures analogous to the programs, modules, and data structures stored in memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100  ( FIG.  1 A ), or a subset thereof. Furthermore, memory  370  optionally stores additional programs, modules, and data structures not present in memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100 . For example, memory  370  of device  300  optionally stores drawing module  380 , presentation module  382 , word processing module  384 , website creation module  386 , disk authoring module  388 , and/or spreadsheet module  390 , while memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100  ( FIG.  1 A ) optionally does not store these modules. 
     Each of the above-identified elements in  FIG.  3    is, optionally, stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices. Each of the above-identified modules corresponds to a set of instructions for performing a function described above. The above-identified modules or programs (e.g., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures, or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise rearranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  370  optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  370  optionally stores additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces that are, optionally, implemented on, for example, portable multifunction device  100 . 
       FIG.  4 A  illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu of applications on portable multifunction device  100  in accordance with some embodiments. Similar user interfaces are, optionally, implemented on device  300 . In some embodiments, user interface  400  includes the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:
     Signal strength indicator(s)  402  for wireless communication(s), such as cellular and Wi-Fi signals;   Time  404 ;   Bluetooth indicator  405 ;   Battery status indicator  406 ;   Tray  408  with icons for frequently used applications, such as:
       Icon  416  for telephone module  138 , labeled “Phone,” which optionally includes an indicator  414  of the number of missed calls or voicemail messages;   Icon  418  for e-mail client module  140 , labeled “Mail,” which optionally includes an indicator  410  of the number of unread e-mails;   Icon  420  for browser module  147 , labeled “Browser;” and   Icon  422  for video and music player module  152 , also referred to as iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) module  152 , labeled “iPod;” and   
       Icons for other applications, such as:
       Icon  424  for IM module  141 , labeled “Messages;”   Icon  426  for calendar module  148 , labeled “Calendar;”   Icon  428  for image management module  144 , labeled “Photos;”   Icon  430  for camera module  143 , labeled “Camera;”   Icon  432  for online video module  155 , labeled “Online Video;”   Icon  434  for stocks widget  149 - 2 , labeled “Stocks;”   Icon  436  for map module  154 , labeled “Maps;”   Icon  438  for weather widget  149 - 1 , labeled “Weather;”   Icon  440  for alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , labeled “Clock;”   Icon  442  for workout support module  142 , labeled “Workout Support;”   Icon  444  for notes module  153 , labeled “Notes;” and   Icon  446  for a settings application or module, labeled “Settings,” which provides access to settings for device  100  and its various applications  136 .   
       

     It should be noted that the icon labels illustrated in  FIG.  4 A  are merely exemplary. For example, icon  422  for video and music player module  152  is labeled “Music” or “Music Player.” Other labels are, optionally, used for various application icons. In some embodiments, a label for a respective application icon includes a name of an application corresponding to the respective application icon. In some embodiments, a label for a particular application icon is distinct from a name of an application corresponding to the particular application icon. 
       FIG.  4 B  illustrates an exemplary user interface on a device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG.  3   ) with a touch-sensitive surface  451  (e.g., a tablet or touchpad  355 ,  FIG.  3   ) that is separate from the display  450  (e.g., touch screen display  112 ). Device  300  also, optionally, includes one or more contact intensity sensors (e.g., one or more of sensors  359 ) for detecting intensity of contacts on touch-sensitive surface  451  and/or one or more tactile output generators  357  for generating tactile outputs for a user of device  300 . 
     Although some of the examples that follow will be given with reference to inputs on touch screen display  112  (where the touch-sensitive surface and the display are combined), in some embodiments, the device detects inputs on a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display, as shown in  FIG.  4 B . In some embodiments, the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,  451  in  FIG.  4 B ) has a primary axis (e.g.,  452  in  FIG.  4 B ) that corresponds to a primary axis (e.g.,  453  in  FIG.  4 B ) on the display (e.g.,  450 ). In accordance with these embodiments, the device detects contacts (e.g.,  460  and  462  in  FIG.  4 B ) with the touch-sensitive surface  451  at locations that correspond to respective locations on the display (e.g., in  FIG.  4 B,  460    corresponds to  468  and  462  corresponds to  470 ). In this way, user inputs (e.g., contacts  460  and  462 , and movements thereof) detected by the device on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,  451  in  FIG.  4 B ) are used by the device to manipulate the user interface on the display (e.g.,  450  in  FIG.  4 B ) of the multifunction device when the touch-sensitive surface is separate from the display. It should be understood that similar methods are, optionally, used for other user interfaces described herein. 
     Additionally, while the following examples are given primarily with reference to finger inputs (e.g., finger contacts, finger tap gestures, finger swipe gestures), it should be understood that, in some embodiments, one or more of the finger inputs are replaced with input from another input device (e.g., a mouse-based input or stylus input). For example, a swipe gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click (e.g., instead of a contact) followed by movement of the cursor along the path of the swipe (e.g., instead of movement of the contact). As another example, a tap gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click while the cursor is located over the location of the tap gesture (e.g., instead of detection of the contact followed by ceasing to detect the contact). Similarly, when multiple user inputs are simultaneously detected, it should be understood that multiple computer mice are, optionally, used simultaneously, or a mouse and finger contacts are, optionally, used simultaneously. 
       FIG.  5 A  illustrates exemplary personal electronic device  500 . Device  500  includes body  502 . In some embodiments, device  500  can include some or all of the features described with respect to devices  100  and  300  (e.g.,  FIGS.  1 A- 4 B ). In some embodiments, device  500  has touch-sensitive display screen  504 , hereafter touch screen  504 . Alternatively, or in addition to touch screen  504 , device  500  has a display and a touch-sensitive surface. As with devices  100  and  300 , in some embodiments, touch screen  504  (or the touch-sensitive surface) optionally includes one or more intensity sensors for detecting intensity of contacts (e.g., touches) being applied. The one or more intensity sensors of touch screen  504  (or the touch-sensitive surface) can provide output data that represents the intensity of touches. The user interface of device  500  can respond to touches based on their intensity, meaning that touches of different intensities can invoke different user interface operations on device  500 . 
     Exemplary techniques for detecting and processing touch intensity are found, for example, in related applications: International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2013/040061, titled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Displaying User Interface Objects Corresponding to an Application,” filed May 8, 2013, published as WIPO Publication No. WO/2013/169849, and International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2013/069483, titled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Transitioning Between Touch Input to Display Output Relationships,” filed Nov. 11, 2013, published as WIPO Publication No. WO/2014/105276, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
     In some embodiments, device  500  has one or more input mechanisms  506  and  508 . Input mechanisms  506  and  508 , if included, can be physical. Examples of physical input mechanisms include push buttons and rotatable mechanisms. In some embodiments, device  500  has one or more attachment mechanisms. Such attachment mechanisms, if included, can permit attachment of device  500  with, for example, hats, eyewear, earrings, necklaces, shirts, jackets, bracelets, watch straps, chains, trousers, belts, shoes, purses, backpacks, and so forth. These attachment mechanisms permit device  500  to be worn by a user. 
       FIG.  5 B  depicts exemplary personal electronic device  500 . In some embodiments, device  500  can include some or all of the components described with respect to  FIGS.  1 A,  1 B, and  3   . Device  500  has bus  512  that operatively couples I/O section  514  with one or more computer processors  516  and memory  518 . I/O section  514  can be connected to display  504 , which can have touch-sensitive component  522  and, optionally, intensity sensor  524  (e.g., contact intensity sensor). In addition, I/O section  514  can be connected with communication unit  530  for receiving application and operating system data, using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, near field communication (NFC), cellular, and/or other wireless communication techniques. Device  500  can include input mechanisms  506  and/or  508 . Input mechanism  506  is, optionally, a rotatable input device or a depressible and rotatable input device, for example. Input mechanism  508  is, optionally, a button, in some examples. 
     Input mechanism  508  is, optionally, a microphone, in some examples. Personal electronic device  500  optionally includes various sensors, such as GPS sensor  532 , accelerometer  534 , directional sensor  540  (e.g., compass), gyroscope  536 , motion sensor  538 , and/or a combination thereof, all of which can be operatively connected to I/O section  514 . 
     Memory  518  of personal electronic device  500  can include one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage mediums, for storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by one or more computer processors  516 , for example, can cause the computer processors to perform the techniques described below, including process  700  ( FIG.  7   ). A computer-readable storage medium can be any medium that can tangibly contain or store computer-executable instructions for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. In some examples, the storage medium is a transitory computer-readable storage medium. In some examples, the storage medium is a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium can include, but is not limited to, magnetic, optical, and/or semiconductor storages. Examples of such storage include magnetic disks, optical discs based on CD, DVD, or Blu-ray technologies, as well as persistent solid-state memory such as flash, solid-state drives, and the like. Personal electronic device  500  is not limited to the components and configuration of  FIG.  5 B , but can include other or additional components in multiple configurations. 
     In addition, in methods described herein where one or more steps are contingent upon one or more conditions having been met, it should be understood that the described method can be repeated in multiple repetitions so that over the course of the repetitions all of the conditions upon which steps in the method are contingent have been met in different repetitions of the method. For example, if a method requires performing a first step if a condition is satisfied, and a second step if the condition is not satisfied, then a person of ordinary skill would appreciate that the claimed steps are repeated until the condition has been both satisfied and not satisfied, in no particular order. Thus, a method described with one or more steps that are contingent upon one or more conditions having been met could be rewritten as a method that is repeated until each of the conditions described in the method has been met. This, however, is not required of system or computer readable medium claims where the system or computer readable medium contains instructions for performing the contingent operations based on the satisfaction of the corresponding one or more conditions and thus is capable of determining whether the contingency has or has not been satisfied without explicitly repeating steps of a method until all of the conditions upon which steps in the method are contingent have been met. A person having ordinary skill in the art would also understand that, similar to a method with contingent steps, a system or computer readable storage medium can repeat the steps of a method as many times as are needed to ensure that all of the contingent steps have been performed. 
     As used here, the term “affordance” refers to a user-interactive graphical user interface object that is, optionally, displayed on the display screen of devices  100 ,  300 , and/or  500  ( FIGS.  1 A,  3 , and  5 A- 5 B ). For example, an image (e.g., icon), a button, and text (e.g., hyperlink) each optionally constitute an affordance. 
     As used herein, the term “focus selector” refers to an input element that indicates a current part of a user interface with which a user is interacting. In some implementations that include a cursor or other location marker, the cursor acts as a “focus selector” so that when an input (e.g., a press input) is detected on a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touchpad  355  in  FIG.  3    or touch-sensitive surface  451  in  FIG.  4 B ) while the cursor is over a particular user interface element (e.g., a button, window, slider, or other user interface element), the particular user interface element is adjusted in accordance with the detected input. In some implementations that include a touch screen display (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112  in  FIG.  1 A  or touch screen  112  in  FIG.  4 A ) that enables direct interaction with user interface elements on the touch screen display, a detected contact on the touch screen acts as a “focus selector” so that when an input (e.g., a press input by the contact) is detected on the touch screen display at a location of a particular user interface element (e.g., a button, window, slider, or other user interface element), the particular user interface element is adjusted in accordance with the detected input. In some implementations, focus is moved from one region of a user interface to another region of the user interface without corresponding movement of a cursor or movement of a contact on a touch screen display (e.g., by using a tab key or arrow keys to move focus from one button to another button); in these implementations, the focus selector moves in accordance with movement of focus between different regions of the user interface. Without regard to the specific form taken by the focus selector, the focus selector is generally the user interface element (or contact on a touch screen display) that is controlled by the user so as to communicate the user&#39;s intended interaction with the user interface (e.g., by indicating, to the device, the element of the user interface with which the user is intending to interact). For example, the location of a focus selector (e.g., a cursor, a contact, or a selection box) over a respective button while a press input is detected on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touchpad or touch screen) will indicate that the user is intending to activate the respective button (as opposed to other user interface elements shown on a display of the device). 
     As used in the specification and claims, the term “characteristic intensity” of a contact refers to a characteristic of the contact based on one or more intensities of the contact. In some embodiments, the characteristic intensity is based on multiple intensity samples. The characteristic intensity is, optionally, based on a predefined number of intensity samples, or a set of intensity samples collected during a predetermined time period (e.g., 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 seconds) relative to a predefined event (e.g., after detecting the contact, prior to detecting liftoff of the contact, before or after detecting a start of movement of the contact, prior to detecting an end of the contact, before or after detecting an increase in intensity of the contact, and/or before or after detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact). A characteristic intensity of a contact is, optionally, based on one or more of: a maximum value of the intensities of the contact, a mean value of the intensities of the contact, an average value of the intensities of the contact, a top 10 percentile value of the intensities of the contact, a value at the half maximum of the intensities of the contact, a value at the 90 percent maximum of the intensities of the contact, or the like. In some embodiments, the duration of the contact is used in determining the characteristic intensity (e.g., when the characteristic intensity is an average of the intensity of the contact over time). In some embodiments, the characteristic intensity is compared to a set of one or more intensity thresholds to determine whether an operation has been performed by a user. For example, the set of one or more intensity thresholds optionally includes a first intensity threshold and a second intensity threshold. In this example, a contact with a characteristic intensity that does not exceed the first threshold results in a first operation, a contact with a characteristic intensity that exceeds the first intensity threshold and does not exceed the second intensity threshold results in a second operation, and a contact with a characteristic intensity that exceeds the second threshold results in a third operation. In some embodiments, a comparison between the characteristic intensity and one or more thresholds is used to determine whether or not to perform one or more operations (e.g., whether to perform a respective operation or forgo performing the respective operation), rather than being used to determine whether to perform a first operation or a second operation. 
       FIG.  5 C  illustrates detecting a plurality of contacts  552 A- 552 E on touch-sensitive display screen  504  with a plurality of intensity sensors  524 A- 524 D.  FIG.  5 C  additionally includes intensity diagrams that show the current intensity measurements of the intensity sensors  524 A- 524 D relative to units of intensity. In this example, the intensity measurements of intensity sensors  524 A and  524 D are each 9 units of intensity, and the intensity measurements of intensity sensors  524 B and  524 C are each 7 units of intensity. In some implementations, an aggregate intensity is the sum of the intensity measurements of the plurality of intensity sensors  524 A- 524 D, which in this example is 32 intensity units. In some embodiments, each contact is assigned a respective intensity that is a portion of the aggregate intensity.  FIG.  5 D  illustrates assigning the aggregate intensity to contacts  552 A- 552 E based on their distance from the center of force  554 . In this example, each of contacts  552 A,  552 B, and  552 E are assigned an intensity of contact of 8 intensity units of the aggregate intensity, and each of contacts  552 C and  552 D are assigned an intensity of contact of 4 intensity units of the aggregate intensity. More generally, in some implementations, each contact j is assigned a respective intensity Ij that is a portion of the aggregate intensity, A, in accordance with a predefined mathematical function, Ij=A·(Dj/ΣDi), where Dj is the distance of the respective contact j to the center of force, and ΣDi is the sum of the distances of all the respective contacts (e.g., i=1 to last) to the center of force. The operations described with reference to  FIGS.  5 C- 5 D  can be performed using an electronic device similar or identical to device  100 ,  300 , or  500 . In some embodiments, a characteristic intensity of a contact is based on one or more intensities of the contact. In some embodiments, the intensity sensors are used to determine a single characteristic intensity (e.g., a single characteristic intensity of a single contact). It should be noted that the intensity diagrams are not part of a displayed user interface, but are included in  FIGS.  5 C- 5 D  to aid the reader. 
     In some embodiments, a portion of a gesture is identified for purposes of determining a characteristic intensity. For example, a touch-sensitive surface optionally receives a continuous swipe contact transitioning from a start location and reaching an end location, at which point the intensity of the contact increases. In this example, the characteristic intensity of the contact at the end location is, optionally, based on only a portion of the continuous swipe contact, and not the entire swipe contact (e.g., only the portion of the swipe contact at the end location). In some embodiments, a smoothing algorithm is, optionally, applied to the intensities of the swipe contact prior to determining the characteristic intensity of the contact. For example, the smoothing algorithm optionally includes one or more of: an unweighted sliding-average smoothing algorithm, a triangular smoothing algorithm, a median filter smoothing algorithm, and/or an exponential smoothing algorithm. In some circumstances, these smoothing algorithms eliminate narrow spikes or dips in the intensities of the swipe contact for purposes of determining a characteristic intensity. 
     The intensity of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface is, optionally, characterized relative to one or more intensity thresholds, such as a contact-detection intensity threshold, a light press intensity threshold, a deep press intensity threshold, and/or one or more other intensity thresholds. In some embodiments, the light press intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will perform operations typically associated with clicking a button of a physical mouse or a trackpad. In some embodiments, the deep press intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will perform operations that are different from operations typically associated with clicking a button of a physical mouse or a trackpad. In some embodiments, when a contact is detected with a characteristic intensity below the light press intensity threshold (e.g., and above a nominal contact-detection intensity threshold below which the contact is no longer detected), the device will move a focus selector in accordance with movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface without performing an operation associated with the light press intensity threshold or the deep press intensity threshold. Generally, unless otherwise stated, these intensity thresholds are consistent between different sets of user interface figures. 
     An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below the light press intensity threshold to an intensity between the light press intensity threshold and the deep press intensity threshold is sometimes referred to as a “light press” input. An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below the deep press intensity threshold to an intensity above the deep press intensity threshold is sometimes referred to as a “deep press” input. An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below the contact-detection intensity threshold to an intensity between the contact-detection intensity threshold and the light press intensity threshold is sometimes referred to as detecting the contact on the touch-surface. A decrease of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity above the contact-detection intensity threshold to an intensity below the contact-detection intensity threshold is sometimes referred to as detecting liftoff of the contact from the touch-surface. In some embodiments, the contact-detection intensity threshold is zero. In some embodiments, the contact-detection intensity threshold is greater than zero. 
     In some embodiments described herein, one or more operations are performed in response to detecting a gesture that includes a respective press input or in response to detecting the respective press input performed with a respective contact (or a plurality of contacts), where the respective press input is detected based at least in part on detecting an increase in intensity of the contact (or plurality of contacts) above a press-input intensity threshold. In some embodiments, the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold (e.g., a “down stroke” of the respective press input). In some embodiments, the press input includes an increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold and a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the press-input intensity threshold, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contact below the press-input threshold (e.g., an “up stroke” of the respective press input). 
       FIGS.  5 E- 5 H  illustrate detection of a gesture that includes a press input that corresponds to an increase in intensity of a contact  562  from an intensity below a light press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT L ”) in  FIG.  5 E , to an intensity above a deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”) in  FIG.  5 H . The gesture performed with contact  562  is detected on touch-sensitive surface  560  while cursor  576  is displayed over application icon  572 B corresponding to App  2 , on a displayed user interface  570  that includes application icons  572 A- 572 D displayed in predefined region  574 . In some embodiments, the gesture is detected on touch-sensitive display  504 . The intensity sensors detect the intensity of contacts on touch-sensitive surface  560 . The device determines that the intensity of contact  562  peaked above the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”). Contact  562  is maintained on touch-sensitive surface  560 . In response to the detection of the gesture, and in accordance with contact  562  having an intensity that goes above the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”) during the gesture, reduced-scale representations  578 A- 578 C (e.g., thumbnails) of recently opened documents for App  2  are displayed, as shown in  FIGS.  5 F- 5 H . In some embodiments, the intensity, which is compared to the one or more intensity thresholds, is the characteristic intensity of a contact. It should be noted that the intensity diagram for contact  562  is not part of a displayed user interface, but is included in  FIGS.  5 E- 5 H  to aid the reader. 
     In some embodiments, the display of representations  578 A- 578 C includes an animation. For example, representation  578 A is initially displayed in proximity of application icon  572 B, as shown in  FIG.  5 F . As the animation proceeds, representation  578 A moves upward and representation  578 B is displayed in proximity of application icon  572 B, as shown in  FIG.  5 G . Then, representations  578 A moves upward,  578 B moves upward toward representation  578 A, and representation  578 C is displayed in proximity of application icon  572 B, as shown in  FIG.  5 H . Representations  578 A- 578 C form an array above icon  572 B. In some embodiments, the animation progresses in accordance with an intensity of contact  562 , as shown in  FIGS.  5 F- 5 G , where the representations  578 A- 578 C appear and move upwards as the intensity of contact  562  increases toward the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”). In some embodiments, the intensity, on which the progress of the animation is based, is the characteristic intensity of the contact. The operations described with reference to  FIGS.  5 E- 5 H  can be performed using an electronic device similar or identical to device  100 ,  300 , or  500 . 
     In some embodiments, the device employs intensity hysteresis to avoid accidental inputs sometimes termed “jitter,” where the device defines or selects a hysteresis intensity threshold with a predefined relationship to the press-input intensity threshold (e.g., the hysteresis intensity threshold is X intensity units lower than the press-input intensity threshold or the hysteresis intensity threshold is 75%, 90%, or some reasonable proportion of the press-input intensity threshold). Thus, in some embodiments, the press input includes an increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold and a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold that corresponds to the press-input intensity threshold, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold (e.g., an “up stroke” of the respective press input). Similarly, in some embodiments, the press input is detected only when the device detects an increase in intensity of the contact from an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity at or above the press-input intensity threshold and, optionally, a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact to an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the press input (e.g., the increase in intensity of the contact or the decrease in intensity of the contact, depending on the circumstances). 
     For ease of explanation, the descriptions of operations performed in response to a press input associated with a press-input intensity threshold or in response to a gesture including the press input are, optionally, triggered in response to detecting either: an increase in intensity of a contact above the press-input intensity threshold, an increase in intensity of a contact from an intensity below the hysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity above the press-input intensity threshold, a decrease in intensity of the contact below the press-input intensity threshold, and/or a decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to the press-input intensity threshold. Additionally, in examples where an operation is described as being performed in response to detecting a decrease in intensity of a contact below the press-input intensity threshold, the operation is, optionally, performed in response to detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact below a hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to, and lower than, the press-input intensity threshold. 
     As used herein, an “installed application” refers to a software application that has been downloaded onto an electronic device (e.g., devices  100 ,  300 , and/or  500 ) and is ready to be launched (e.g., become opened) on the device. In some embodiments, a downloaded application becomes an installed application by way of an installation program that extracts program portions from a downloaded package and integrates the extracted portions with the operating system of the computer system. 
     As used herein, the terms “open application” or “executing application” refer to a software application with retained state information (e.g., as part of device/global internal state  157  and/or application internal state  192 ). An open or executing application is, optionally, any one of the following types of applications:
     an active application, which is currently displayed on a display screen of the device that the application is being used on;   a background application (or background processes), which is not currently displayed, but one or more processes for the application are being processed by one or more processors; and   a suspended or hibernated application, which is not running, but has state information that is stored in memory (volatile and non-volatile, respectively) and that can be used to resume execution of the application.   

     As used herein, the term “closed application” refers to software applications without retained state information (e.g., state information for closed applications is not stored in a memory of the device). Accordingly, closing an application includes stopping and/or removing application processes for the application and removing state information for the application from the memory of the device. Generally, opening a second application while in a first application does not close the first application. When the second application is displayed and the first application ceases to be displayed, the first application becomes a background application. 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) and associated processes that are implemented on an electronic device, such as device  100 , device  300 , or device  500 . 
     USER INTERFACES AND ASSOCIATED PROCESSES 
     User Interfaces for Interacting with an Insertion Marker 
     Users interact with electronic devices in many different manners, including interacting with applications that display and/or allow for editing of content (e.g., text content, graphical content, etc.). In some embodiments, an electronic device displays a content (e.g., text) editing user interface that includes content and an insertion marker at a location in the content at which additional content will be added when content addition input is detected (e.g., providing text input via a keyboard). In some circumstances, input for moving the insertion marker within the content includes detecting a contact over the insertion marker (e.g., in the case of a touch screen user interface), which optionally obscures display of the content around the insertion marker. In some circumstances, the electronic device displays a “loupe” or additional representation of the content around the insertion maker in the user interface to facilitate a user&#39;s ability to see that content even when their finger is covering that content. The embodiments described below provide ways in which an electronic device provides efficient user interfaces for controlling the display of the “loupe” or additional representation of content while maintaining the ability to control the insertion marker, thus enhancing the user&#39;s interaction with the device. Enhancing interactions with a device reduces the amount of time needed by a user to perform operations, and thus reduces the power usage of the device and increases battery life for battery-powered devices. It is understood that people use devices. When a person uses a device, that person is optionally referred to as a user of the device. 
       FIGS.  6 A- 6 R  illustrate exemplary ways in which an electronic device facilitates controlling the display of an additional representation of content surrounding an insertion marker while maintaining the ability to control the insertion marker. The embodiments in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes described with reference to  FIG.  7   . Although  FIGS.  6 A- 6 R  illustrate various examples of ways an electronic device is able to perform the processes described below with reference to  FIG.  7   , it should be understood that these examples are not meant to be limiting, and the electronic device is able to perform one or more processes described below with reference to  FIG.  7    in ways not expressly described with reference to  FIGS.  6 A- 6 R . 
       FIG.  6 A  illustrates an exemplary device  500  displaying a user interface. In some embodiments, the user interface is displayed via a display generation component (e.g., touch screen  504 ). In some embodiments, the display generation component is a hardware component (e.g., including electrical components) capable of receiving display data and displaying a user interface. In some embodiments, examples of a display generation component include a touch screen display, a monitor, a television, a projector, an integrated, discrete, or external display device, or any other suitable display device. As shown in  FIG.  6 A , the electronic device  500  is displaying a text editing user interface on touch screen  504 . In some embodiments, the user interface is any user interface that facilitates the viewing and/or editing of content (e.g., text content, graphical content, etc.). In  FIG.  6 A , the user interface is a text editing user interface that includes a content region  602  that contains text, and a soft keyboard  604  for providing input to content region  602 . Content region  602  also includes insertion marker  606  at a location within content region  602 . In  FIG.  6 A , insertion maker  606  is located within the word “fringilla” in content region  602 . As previously described, insertion marker  606  identifies the location within content region  602  at which text input detected on soft keyboard  604  will be entered. For example, in  FIG.  6 A , text input detected on soft keyboard  604  will be entered between the “g” and the “i” in “fringilla,” because that is where insertion marker  606  is located. 
     In some embodiments, device  500  enters an insertion marker control mode during which the location of insertion marker  606  within content region  602  is controllable via at least some movements of contact(s) detected on touch screen  504 . In some embodiments, the insertion marker control mode is entered in response to detecting a contact on/over insertion marker  606  (e.g., in some embodiments, for longer than a time threshold such as 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 seconds). For example, in  FIG.  6 B , device  500  detects contact  603   b  over insertion marker  606  (e.g., touchdown of contact  603   b  on insertion marker  606 ). In response, device  500  optionally initiates the insertion marker control mode, such as shown in  FIG.  6 C . As shown in  FIG.  6 C , in some embodiments, as part of initiating the insertion marker control mode, device  500  displays additional representation  608  of the content around insertion marker  606  in content region  602 . For example, because contact  603   b , while it is over insertion marker  606 , optionally obscures the visibility of the content surrounding the insertion marker  606 , device  500  displays additional representation  608  of that content in the user interface. In some embodiments, the additional representation  608  is displayed above insertion marker  606  (e.g., sufficiently above insertion marker  606  so as to not be obscured by contact  603   b ). Additional representation  608  optionally includes a representation of some portion of the content surrounding the insertion marker  606  (e.g., “ingilla”), as well as an indication  610  of the location of the insertion marker within that portion of the content. In this way, the user of device  500  is able to see what the content is that is being obscured by contact  603   b , and the current location of insertion marker  606  within that content. In the discussion of  FIGS.  6 A- 6 R , unless stated otherwise, contacts labeled with the same reference number in the figures (e.g., contact  603   b , contact  603   d , which will be described later) should be understood to refer to the same and/or continuation of the contact from prior figure(s), without a liftoff of the contact from touch screen  504  having been detected therebetween. For example, contact  603   b  in  FIG.  6 C  is optionally the same and/or a continuation of the contact  603   b  in  FIG.  6 B , without a liftoff of contact  603   b  having been detected therebetween. Unless stated otherwise, contacts labeled with different reference numbers in the figures should be understood to refer to different contacts from prior figure(s) (e.g., with a liftoff of the prior contact(s) having been detected therebetween). 
       FIGS.  6 D- 6 F  illustrate another manner of initiating the insertion marker control mode for content region  602 . For example, in  FIG.  6 D , contact  603   d  is detected at a location in content region  602  that is away from insertion marker  606  (e.g., touchdown of contact  603   d  is within the word “tristique” in content region  602 ). In response to detecting the touchdown of contact  603   d  at a location that is away from insertion marker  606  (e.g., in some embodiments, in response to detecting contact  603   d  for longer than a time threshold, such as 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 seconds), device  500  moves insertion marker  606  to the location of contact  603   d , as shown in  FIG.  6 E , and initiates the insertion marker control mode as shown in  FIG.  6 F . The details of the insertion marker control mode shown in  FIG.  6 F  (e.g., including the display of additional representation  608 , and indication  610  within additional representation  608 ) are optionally the same as those described with reference to  FIG.  6 C . 
     In some embodiments, the insertion marker control mode for content region  602  optionally remains active until device  500  detects liftoff of contact  603   d  from touch screen  504 . Further, as previously mentioned, during the insertion marker control mode for content region  602 , at least some movements of contact  603   d  on touch screen  504  cause device  500  to move insertion marker  606  within the content in content region  602  accordingly. For example, in FIG.  6 G, while contact  603   d  is over insertion marker  606  and while additional representation  608  is displayed, device  500  detects leftward movement of contact  603   d . In response, device  500  moves insertion marker  606  leftward in accordance with the movement of contact  603   d , moves additional representation  608  leftward to remain with insertion marker  606 , and updates additional representation  608  to reflect the updated content that is now obscured by contact  603   d . For example, in  FIG.  6 G , contact  603   d  has moved leftward over the word “vehicula”, insertion marker  606  has been moved to between “u” and “l” in “vehicula”, and additional representation  608  includes a representation of the content surrounding insertion marker  606  (e.g., “hicula tr”) as well as indication  610  at the location within “hicula tr” that corresponds to the location of insertion marker  606  (e.g., between “u” and “l” in “hicula tr”). Device  500  optionally responds analogously to movement of contact  603   d  rightward in content region  602 . 
     In some embodiments, upward movement of contact  603   d  while contact  603   d  is over insertion marker  606  and while additional representation  608  is displayed causes device  500  to respond similarly to lateral movement of contact  603   d . For example, in  FIG.  6 H , device  500  detects upward/leftward movement of contact  603   d . In response, device  500  moves insertion marker  606  in an upward/leftward fashion as shown in  FIG.  6 H , moves additional representation  608  to remain with insertion marker  606 , and updates additional representation  608  and indication  610  to reflect the updated content surrounding insertion marker  606  at the location of insertion marker  606  within that content. 
     In some embodiments, device  500  responds differently to downward movements of contact  603   d  (e.g., movements of contact  603   d  that include components of movement away from additional representation  608 ) than it does to upward and/or lateral movements of contact  603   d . In particular, in some embodiments, downward movement of contact  603   d  causes device  500  to start ceasing display of additional representation  608  without moving insertion marker, and in some embodiments, if the downward movement of contact is sufficiently large (e.g., more than a movement threshold, such as 0.5 cm, 1 cm, 2 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm), device  500  completely ceases displaying additional representation  608 . 
     For example, in  FIG.  6 I , device  500  detects downward movement of contact  603   d . In response to detecting the downward movement of contact  603   d , device  500  moves additional representation  608  downward in content region  602  (e.g., towards location marker  606 ) in accordance with the movement of contact  603   d  without moving insertion marker  606  downward in content region  602 . In some embodiments, device  500  obscures (e.g., fades out) display of additional representation  608  based on the distance that contact  603   d  and/or additional representation  608  is moved. For example, the more contact  603   d  moves further away from insertion marker  606 , downward, the more additional representation  608  moves further towards insertion marker  606 , downward, and the more device  500  fades away (e.g., increases the transparency of) additional representation  608 . In  FIG.  6 I , the amount of downward movement of contact  603   d  is not more than a downward movement threshold required to completely cease display of additional representation  608 —therefore, additional representation  608  remains displayed in  FIG.  6 I , but at an intermediate degree of being obscured (e.g., at an intermediate amount of fading and/or transparency). In some embodiments, if the movement of contact  603   d  includes downward and horizontal components, device  500  controls display of additional representation  608  in accordance with the downward component of the movement of contact  603   d  (e.g., without moving insertion marker  606  according to the downward component of the movement), and moves insertion marker  606  in accordance with the horizontal component of the movement of contact  603   d . In some embodiments, if the movement of contact  603   d  includes downward and horizontal components, device  500  controls display of additional representation  608  in accordance with the downward component of the movement of contact  603   d  (e.g., without moving insertion marker  606  according to the downward component of the movement), and does not move insertion marker  606  in accordance with the horizontal component of the movement of contact  603   d.    
     In some embodiments, if device  500  detects upward movement of contact  603   d  (e.g., movement towards insertion marker  606  and/or additional representation  608 ) before additional representation  608  has completely ceased to be displayed (e.g., while display of additional representation  608  is partially obscured), device  500  optionally reverts towards fully displaying additional representation  608  in accordance with the upward movement of contact  603   d . For example, in  FIG.  6 J , device detects upward movement of contact  603   d  (e.g., back to the location of insertion marker  606 ). In response, device  500  moves additional representation  608  upward back to its original position in content region  602  above insertion marker  606  as shown in  FIG.  6 H  (e.g., without moving insertion marker  606 ), and reverses the fading and/or obscuring effect that had been applied to additional representation  608  in  FIG.  6 I . For example, the more contact  603  moves towards insertion marker  606 , upward, the more additional representation  608  moves further, upward, toward its original position in content region  602  in  FIG.  6 H , and the more device  500  reverses the fading away (e.g., reduces the transparency of) additional representation  608 . In some embodiments, if the movement of contact  603   d  includes upward and horizontal components, device  500  controls display of additional representation  608  in accordance with the upward component of the movement of contact  603   d  (e.g., without moving insertion marker  606  according to the upward component of the movement), and moves insertion marker  606  in accordance with the horizontal component of the movement of contact  603   d . In some embodiments, if the movement of contact  603   d  includes upward and horizontal components, device  500  controls display of additional representation  608  in accordance with the upward component of the movement of contact  603   d  (e.g., without moving insertion marker  606  according to the upward component of the movement), and does not move insertion marker  606  in accordance with the horizontal component of the movement of contact  603   d.    
     In some embodiments, if device  500  detects an amount of downward movement of contact  603   d  (e.g., and/or a downward component of the movement of contact  603   d ) that is equal to or more than a movement threshold required to completely cease display of additional representation  608 , device  500  ceases display of additional representation  608 . For example, in  FIG.  6 K , device  500  detects downward movement of contact  603   d . In response to detecting the downward movement of contact  603   d , device  500  moves additional representation  608  downward in content region  602  (e.g., towards location marker  606 ) in accordance with the movement of contact  603   d  without moving insertion marker  606  downward in content region  602 , as described previously with reference to  FIG.  6 I . In  FIG.  6 L , contact  603   d  has continued the downward movement and has moved down by the threshold amount of movement required to completely cease display of additional representation  608 ; therefore, additional representation  608  is no longer displayed by device  500  as shown in  FIG.  6 L . Also as shown in  FIG.  6 L , insertion marker  606  has continued to remain at its location in content region  602  during the downward movement of contact  603   d  through the required threshold amount of movement (e.g., because, as previously described, while additional representation  608  is displayed by device  500 , downward movement of contact  603   d  optionally results in additional representation  608  progressing towards ceasing to be displayed rather than resulting in movement of insertion marker  606  downward). 
     In some embodiments, once additional representation  608  has ceased to be displayed, additional downward movement of contact  603   d  does not result in downward movement of insertion marker  606 . For example, in  FIG.  6 M , device  500  detects further downward (e.g., and rightward) movement of contact  603   d , and insertion marker  606  has remained at its previous location in content region  602  (e.g., has not moved downward or rightward). In some embodiments, device  500  moves insertion marker  606  in accordance with the horizontal component(s) of the movement of contact  603   d  (e.g., rightward) without moving insertion marker  606  in accordance with the downward component of the movement of contact  603   d . Therefore, in some embodiments, insertion marker  606  cannot be moved downward in content region  602  (e.g., after additional representation  608  has ceased to be displayed). In some embodiments, the insertion marker control mode must be exited (e.g., via liftoff of contact  603   d ) and re-entered (e.g., such as described with reference to  FIGS.  6 A- 6 F ) to be able to move the insertion marker downward in content region  602 . 
     In some embodiments, once additional representation  608  has ceased to be displayed, additional downward movement of contact  603   d  does result in downward movement of insertion marker  606 . For example, in  FIG.  6 N , contact  603   d  has continued the downward movement from  FIG.  6 K  and has moved down by the threshold amount of movement required to completely cease display of additional representation  608 ; therefore, additional representation  608  is no longer displayed by device  500  as shown in  FIG.  6 N  (e.g., like in  FIG.  6 L ). In  FIG.  6 O , device  500  detects further downward (e.g., and rightward) movement of contact  603   d  (e.g., like in  FIG.  6 M ), and in response, device  500  has moved insertion marker  606  downward and rightward in content region  602  in accordance with the movement of contact  603   d . Therefore, in some embodiments, insertion marker  606  can be moved downward in content region  602  (e.g., after additional representation  608  has ceased to be displayed) without the need to exit and re-enter the insertion marker control mode. 
     In some embodiments, once additional representation  608  has ceased to be displayed, upward movement of contact  603   d  causes device  500  to move insertion marker  606  upward in content region  602  in accordance with the movement. For example, in  FIG.  6 P , contact  603   d  has continued the downward movement from  FIG.  6 K  and has moved down by the threshold amount of movement required to completely cease display of additional representation  608 ; therefore, additional representation  608  is no longer displayed by device  500  as shown in  FIG.  6 P  (e.g., like in  FIG.  6 L ). In  FIG.  6 Q , device  500  detects upward (e.g., and rightward) movement of contact  603   d , and in response, device  500  has moved insertion marker  606  upward and rightward in content region  602  in accordance with the movement of contact  603   d . In some embodiments, device  500  moves insertion marker  606  upward (e.g., and rightward) immediately (e.g., without waiting for contact  603   d  to reach the vertical position of insertion marker  606  in content region  602 ) in response to detecting the upward (e.g., and rightward) movement of contact  603   d  from  FIGS.  6 P- 6 Q , as shown in  FIGS.  6 P- 6 Q . In some embodiments, device  500  waits to move insertion marker  606  upward (e.g., and rightward) until contact  603   d  reaches the vertical position of insertion marker  606  in content region  602 , at which point, additional upward movement of contact  603   d  causes device  500  to move insertion marker  606  in accordance with the additional upward movement of contact  603   d.    
     In  FIG.  6 R , device  500  detects liftoff of contact  603   d  from touch screen  504 , and in response, exits the insertion marker control mode for content region  602 . Device  500  optionally maintains the location of insertion marker  606  at the location to which it was last moved during the insertion marker control mode before device  500  detected liftoff of contact  603   d  (e.g., the location of insertion marker  606  in  FIG.  6 Q ), as shown in  FIG.  6 R . 
       FIG.  7    is a flow diagram illustrating a method  700  for controlling the display of an additional representation of content surrounding an insertion marker while maintaining the ability to control the insertion marker. The method  700  is optionally performed at an electronic device such as device  100 , device  300 , and device  500  as described above with reference to  FIGS.  1 A- 1 B,  2 - 3 ,  4 A- 4 B and  5 A- 5 H . Some operations in method  700  are, optionally combined and/or the order of some operations is, optionally, changed. 
     As described below, the method  700  provides ways in which an electronic device facilitates controlling the display of an additional representation of content surrounding an insertion marker while maintaining the ability to control the insertion marker. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when interacting with a user interface of the device of the disclosure, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, increasing the efficiency of the user&#39;s interaction with the user interface conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     In some embodiments, method  700  is performed at an electronic device (e.g., device  500 ) in communication with a touch screen (e.g., a mobile device (e.g., a tablet, a smartphone, a media player, or a wearable device) including a touch screen, or a computer including a touch screen), such as device  500  in  FIG.  6 A . In some embodiments, while displaying, via the touch screen, a content region in an insertion marker control mode, such as content region  602  in  FIG.  6 C  (e.g., a user interface of a text or content editing application that includes a region into which content can be entered via inputs provided by a user. For example, the content region is optionally a body of an email in an email application, or a body of a note in a note-taking application. In some embodiments, the insertion marker control mode is a mode in which some or all movements of the contact will cause the insertion marker to move within the content region, as will be described in more detail below), wherein the content region includes content and an insertion marker within a portion of the content in the content region ( 702 ), such as in  FIG.  6 C  (e.g., in some embodiments, the content region includes an insertion marker that indicates the location in the content region into which content will be entered when content input (e.g., keyboard input) is provided by the user of the electronic device. In some embodiments, the insertion marker is located within a portion (e.g., a word, a sentence, a paragraph) of content (e.g., text, images) in the content region. In some embodiments, the content region includes content outside of the portion of the content in which the insertion marker is located. In some embodiments, the insertion marker is located in a portion of the content region that does not include content (and/or the entirety of the content region does not include content).), in accordance with a determination that a contact detected via the touch screen is within a threshold distance of the insertion marker, such as in  FIG.  6 C  (e.g., a predefined portion of the contact (e.g., centroid) is within 1 cm, 0.5 cm, 0 cm of the insertion marker. In some embodiments, the contact is within the threshold distance of the insertion marker if any portion of the contact is coincident with any portion of the insertion marker (and is not within the threshold distance of the insertion marker if no part of the contact is coincident with the insertion marker). In some embodiments, the contact is within the threshold distance of the insertion marker if more than a threshold amount of the contact is coincident with the insertion marker and/or more than a threshold amount of the insertion marker is coincident with the contact (e.g., more than 10%, 20%, 40% of the insertion marker is coincident with the contact), and is not within the threshold distance of the insertion marker otherwise.), the electronic device displays ( 704 ), via the touch screen, an additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker, such as additional representation  608  in  FIG.  6 C  (e.g., displaying, to one side of the insertion marker, such as above the insertion marker and overlaid on the content region, an additional “loupe” or representation of the portion of the content within which the insertion marker is located (e.g., the portion of the content and/or the content region that is within a threshold distance, such as 0.5 cm, 1 cm, 2 cm of the insertion marker)). In some embodiments, this additional representation of the portion of the content and/or content region is displayed in addition to the portion of the content/content region itself that is displayed in the content region. Thus, in some embodiments, if the contact moves within the threshold distance of the insertion marker during the insertion marker control mode, the electronic device displays the additional representation of the content/content region around the insertion marker (e.g., to provide a view of the content/content region that might be obscured by the contact itself). In some embodiments, the content in the additional representation of the content is magnified as compared with the content in the content region, and in some embodiments, the content in the additional representation of the content is displayed with the same magnification as the content in the content region. 
     In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the contact detected via the touch screen is not within the threshold distance of the insertion marker, the electronic device forgoes displaying ( 706 ) the additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker, such as in  FIG.  6 L  (e.g., as long as the contact remains, or whenever the contact is, further than the threshold distance from the insertion marker during the insertion marker control mode, the electronic device optionally does not display the additional “loupe”/representation of the content/content region surrounding the insertion marker in the content region). The above-described manner of selectively displaying the additional representation of the content surrounding the insertion marker provides an efficient manner of showing the content that might be obscured by the contact without doing so while that content is not obscured by the contact, which simplifies the interaction between the user and the electronic device and enhances the operability of the electronic device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by only consuming display space with the additional representation of the content when needed), which additionally reduces power usage and improves battery life of the electronic device by enabling the user to use the electronic device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, before the content region is in the insertion marker control mode (e.g., before operating in a mode during which movement of contact(s) detected on the touch screen cause movement of the insertion marker within the content region. For example, operating in a mode during which movement of contact(s) detected on the touch screen cause scrolling through the displayed user interface without causing the insertion marker to move within the user interface), the electronic device displays, via the touch screen, the content region that includes the content and the insertion marker, such as content region  602  in  FIG.  6 A  (e.g., displaying text in the content region with the insertion marker at a location within the text), and while displaying the content region, the electronic device detects, via the touch screen, touchdown of the contact at a respective location in the content region, such as contact  603   b  in  FIG.  6 B  (e.g., the electronic device detects touchdown of a contact, such as the user&#39;s finger, within the content region). In some embodiments, in response to detecting the touchdown of the contact at the respective location, in accordance with a determination that the contact satisfies one or more criteria, including a criterion that is satisfied when the respective location corresponds to a location of the insertion marker in the content region, such as contact  603   b  and insertion marker  606  in  FIG.  6 B  (e.g., one or more of the contact remains touched down at the respective location for longer than a time threshold, such as 0.5, 1, 1.5 seconds, the contact is touching or at least partially touching the insertion marker, etc.), the electronic device initiates the insertion marker control mode for the content region, such as shown in  FIG.  6 C . For example, the insertion marker control mode for the content region is optionally initiated in response to the electronic device detecting a contact on the insertion marker (e.g., and is not initiated otherwise). In some embodiments, the insertion marker control mode for the content region is optionally initiated in response to the electronic device detecting a contact on the insertion marker for longer than the time threshold, and is not initiated otherwise. The above-described manner of entering the insertion marker control mode via a contact detected on the insertion marker provides a quick and efficient manner of entering the insertion marker control mode, which simplifies the interaction between the user and the electronic device and enhances the operability of the electronic device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by not requiring user of a separate user interface element to enter the insertion marker control mode), which additionally reduces power usage and improves battery life of the electronic device by enabling the user to use the electronic device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, before the content region is in the insertion marker control mode (e.g., before operating in a mode during which movement of contact(s) detected on the touch screen cause movement of the insertion marker within the content region. For example, operating in a mode during which movement of contact(s) detected on the touch screen cause scrolling through the displayed user interface without causing the insertion marker to move within the user interface), the electronic device displays, via the touch screen, the content region that includes the content and the insertion marker, such as in  FIG.  6 D  (e.g., displaying text in the content region with the insertion marker at a location within the text), and while displaying the content region, the electronic device detects, via the touch screen, touchdown of the contact at a respective location in the content region, such as contact  603   d  in  FIG.  6 D  (e.g., the electronic device detects touchdown of a contact, such as the user&#39;s finger, within the content region). In some embodiments, in response to detecting the touchdown of the contact at the respective location, in accordance with a determination that the contact satisfies one or more criteria, including a criterion that is satisfied when the respective location is in a respective portion of the content that does not include the insertion marker, such as contact  603   d  in  FIG.  6 D  (e.g., one or more of the contact remains touched down at the respective location for longer than a time threshold, such as 0.5, 1, 1.5 seconds, the contact is not touching the insertion marker, the centroid of the contact is at a location other than the location of the insertion marker, etc.), the electronic device moves the insertion marker to a location in the content region corresponding to the respective location, such as shown with respect to insertion marker  606  in  FIG.  6 E  (e.g., in response to the one or more criteria being satisfied, the electronic device moves the insertion marker from its current location to the location of the contact), and the electronic device initiates the insertion marker control mode for the content region, such as shown in  FIG.  6 F . Thus, in some embodiments, the insertion marker control mode can be initiated without requiring the contact to touch down on the current location of the insertion marker. The above-described manner of entering the insertion marker control mode via a contact detected anywhere in the content region provides a quick and efficient manner of entering the insertion marker control mode, which simplifies the interaction between the user and the electronic device and enhances the operability of the electronic device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by not requiring the user to first move the insertion marker to the desired location, and then initiate the insertion marker control mode by touching the insertion marker at the new location), which additionally reduces power usage and improves battery life of the electronic device by enabling the user to use the electronic device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, the additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker is displayed at a predefined relative position with respect to the insertion marker, such as above insertion marker  606  as shown in  FIG.  6 F . For example, the additional representation is optionally displayed above the insertion marker, to the left of the insertion marker, to the right of the insertion marker, below the insertion marker, etc. In some embodiments, the additional representation is additionally or alternatively displayed at a predetermined distance (e.g., 0.5 cm, 1 cm, etc.) from the insertion marker. The above-described manner of displaying the additional representation provides a consistent structure for the user interface, which simplifies the interaction between the user and the electronic device and enhances the operability of the electronic device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by avoiding erroneous user input due to inconsistent presentation of the additional representation), which additionally reduces power usage and improves battery life of the electronic device by enabling the user to use the electronic device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, while displaying the additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker, the electronic device detects, via the touch screen, movement of the contact in a respective direction away from the additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker, such as in  FIG.  6 I  (e.g., if the additional representation is displayed above the insertion marker, the movement of the contact is downwards, away from the direction in which the additional representation is displayed). In some embodiments, in response to detecting the movement of the contact in the respective direction, the electronic device initiates a process to cease display of the additional representation (e.g., including deemphasizing the additional representation), wherein the process is controlled in accordance with the movement of the contact in the respective direction, such as shown and described with reference to  FIG.  6 I . For example, as the contact moves downward, the additional representation is optionally displayed with more and more transparency. In some embodiments, additionally or alternatively, the additional representation is moved downwards towards the original portion of the content that the additional representation corresponds to. In some embodiments, additionally or alternatively, the additional representation is displayed with more and more blur. In some embodiments, the amount to which the display and/or position of the additional representation changes is based on the movement of the contact such that as the contact moves, the display and/or position of the additional representation changes, and when the movement of the contact stops, the display and/or position of the additional representation stops changing. In some embodiments, if the movement of the contact downward is more than a threshold amount (e.g., 1, 1.5 cm), the electronic device ceases displaying the additional representation. In some embodiments, the content region remains in the insertion marker control mode (e.g., such that at least some movements of contacts cause the insertion marker to move within the content region) until liftoff of the contact is detected from the touch screen. In some embodiments, liftoff of the contact at any time when the additional representation is displayed (e.g., with any appearance and/or at any location) causes the additional representation to cease to be displayed and/or causes the content region to exit the insertion marker control mode. The above-described manner of hiding the additional representation provides a quick and efficient manner of hiding the additional representation while remaining in the insertion marker control mode, which simplifies the interaction between the user and the electronic device and enhances the operability of the electronic device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by not requiring user input to exit and then reenter the insertion marker control mode upon hiding the additional representation), which additionally reduces power usage and improves battery life of the electronic device by enabling the user to use the electronic device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, in response to detecting the movement of the contact in the respective direction, the electronic device maintains a location of the insertion marker in the portion of the content while the contact is moving in the respective direction, such as insertion marker  606  remaining at its location in  FIG.  6 I . For example, in some embodiments, while the additional representation is at least partially displayed, downward movement (movement away from the additional representation) of the contact optionally does not cause the insertion marker to move downward. In some embodiments, if the movement of the contact includes both downwards and sideways components (e.g., a direction different from the respective direction), the movement of the contact does not cause movement of the insertion marker in the respective direction, but does cause movement of the insertion marker in the direction different from the respective direction in accordance with the component of the movement in that direction. The above-described manner of maintaining the location of the insertion marker provides a quick and efficient manner of being able to hide the additional representation without moving the insertion marker, which simplifies the interaction between the user and the electronic device and enhances the operability of the electronic device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by avoiding erroneous movement of the insertion marker while providing input to hide the additional representation), which additionally reduces power usage and improves battery life of the electronic device by enabling the user to use the electronic device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, after initiating the process to cease display of the additional representation of the portion of the content and before ceasing display of the additional representation of the portion of the content (e.g., before the contact moves far enough in the respective direction to completely cease display of the additional representation), the electronic device detects, via the touch screen, movement of the contact in a second respective direction towards the additional representation, such as the upward movement of contact  603   d  in  FIG.  6 J  (e.g., detecting movement of the contact upwards, towards the additional representation). In some embodiments, in response to detecting the movement of the contact in the second respective direction, the electronic device reemphasizes the additional representation in accordance with the movement of the contact in the second respective direction without moving the insertion marker, such as shown and described with reference to  FIG.  6 J . For example, if the contact begins moving toward the additional representation before the additional representation ceases to be displayed, as the contact moves upward, the additional representation is optionally displayed with less and less transparency. In some embodiments, additionally or alternatively, the additional representation is moved upwards towards the original location at which the additional representation was displayed before the downward movement of the contact was detected. In some embodiments, additionally or alternatively, the additional representation is displayed with less and less blur. In some embodiments, the amount to which the display and/or position of the additional representation changes is based on the movement of the contact such that as the contact moves, the display and/or position of the additional representation changes, and when the movement of the contact stops, the display and/or position of the additional representation stops changing. In some embodiments, if the movement of the contact upward is more than a threshold amount (e.g., 1, 1.5 cm), the electronic device returns to displaying the additional representation at the location and/or with the characteristic with which it was originally displayed before the downward movement of the contact was detected. In some embodiments, before the additional representation is displayed at the location and/or with the characteristic with which it was originally displayed, upward movement of the contact optionally does not cause upward movement of the insertion marker. In some embodiments, if the movement of the contact includes both upwards and sideways components (e.g., a direction different from the second respective direction), the movement of the contact does not cause movement of the insertion marker in the second respective direction, but does cause movement of the insertion marker in the direction different from the second respective direction in accordance with the component of the movement in that direction. The above-described manner of reemphasizing the additional representation provides a quick and efficient manner of reversing the hiding of the additional representation, which simplifies the interaction between the user and the electronic device and enhances the operability of the electronic device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by not requiring an additional user interface element or input mechanism for reemphasizing the additional representation), which additionally reduces power usage and improves battery life of the electronic device by enabling the user to use the electronic device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, after initiating the process to cease display of the additional representation of the portion of the content and after ceasing display of the additional representation of the portion of the content, such as in  FIG.  6 P  (e.g., after and/or once the contact moves far enough in the respective direction to completely cease display of the additional representation), the electronic device detects, via the touch screen, movement of the contact in a second respective direction towards the additional representation, such as the upward/rightward movement of contact  603   d  in  FIG.  6 Q  (e.g., detecting movement of the contact upwards, towards the additional representation). In some embodiments, in response to detecting the movement of the contact in the second respective direction, moving the insertion marker within the content in accordance with the movement of the contact in the second direction without redisplaying the additional representation of the portion of the content, such as shown with the movement of insertion marker  606  in  FIG.  6 Q . For example, after the additional representation has ceased to be displayed due to downward movement of the contact, upward movement of the contact does cause the insertion marker to move upward in accordance with that upward movement (e.g., and does not cause the additional representation to be redisplayed and/or displayed with less blur, less transparency, etc.). In some embodiments, if the movement of the contact includes both upwards and sideways components (e.g., a direction different from the second respective direction), the movement of the contact causes movement of the insertion marker in the second respective direction in accordance with the component of the movement in the second respective direction, and causes movement of the insertion marker in the direction different from the second respective direction in accordance with the component of the movement in that direction. The above-described manner of moving the insertion marker provides a quick and efficient manner of moving the insertion marker after hiding the additional representation, which simplifies the interaction between the user and the electronic device and enhances the operability of the electronic device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by not requiring the user to provide separate/additional input after hiding the additional representation before being able to move the insertion marker), which additionally reduces power usage and improves battery life of the electronic device by enabling the user to use the electronic device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, after initiating the process to cease display of the additional representation of the portion of the content and after ceasing display of the additional representation of the portion of the content, such as in  FIG.  6 N  (e.g., after and/or once the contact moves far enough in the respective direction to completely cease display of the additional representation), the electronic device detects, via the touch screen, additional movement of the contact in the respective direction, such as the downward/rightward movement of contact  603   d  in  FIG.  6 O  (e.g., detecting additional movement of the contact downward, away from direction in which the additional representation used to be displayed before it was ceased to be displayed). In some embodiments, in response to detecting the additional movement of the contact in the respective direction, the electronic device moves the insertion marker within the content in accordance with the movement of the contact in the respective direction, such as the movement of insertion marker  606  in  FIG.  6 O . For example, after the additional representation has ceased to be displayed due to downward movement of the contact, additional downward movement of the contact causes the insertion marker to move downward in accordance with that downward movement (e.g., while the additional representation remains un-displayed). In some embodiments, if the movement of the contact includes both downward and sideways components (e.g., a direction different from the respective direction), the movement of the contact causes movement of the insertion marker in the respective direction in accordance with the component of the movement in the respective direction, and causes movement of the insertion marker in the direction different from the respective direction in accordance with the component of the movement in that direction. The above-described manner of moving the insertion marker provides a quick and efficient manner of moving the insertion marker after hiding the additional representation, which simplifies the interaction between the user and the electronic device and enhances the operability of the electronic device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by not requiring the user to provide separate/additional input after hiding the additional representation before being able to move the insertion marker), which additionally reduces power usage and improves battery life of the electronic device by enabling the user to use the electronic device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, after initiating the process to cease display of the additional representation of the portion of the content and after ceasing display of the additional representation of the portion of the content, such as in  FIG.  6 L  (e.g., after and/or once the contact moves far enough in the respective direction to completely cease display of the additional representation), the electronic device detects, via the touch screen, additional movement of the contact in the respective direction, such as the downward/rightward movement of contact  603   d  in  FIG.  6 M  (e.g., detecting additional movement of the contact downward, away from direction in which the additional representation used to be displayed before it was ceased to be displayed). In some embodiments, in response to detecting the additional movement of the contact in the respective direction, the electronic device forgoes moving the insertion marker in accordance with the movement of the contact in the respective direction, such as not moving insertion marker  606  in  FIG.  6 M . For example, after the additional representation has ceased to be displayed due to downward movement of the contact, additional downward movement of the contact does not cause the insertion marker to move downward in accordance with that downward movement (e.g., while the additional representation remains un-displayed). In some embodiments, if the movement of the contact includes both downward and sideways components (e.g., a direction different from the respective direction), the movement of the contact does not cause movement of the insertion marker in the respective direction in accordance with the component of the movement in the respective direction, but does cause movement of the insertion marker in the direction different from the respective direction in accordance with the component of the movement in that direction. In some embodiments, liftoff of the contact (e.g., which optionally exits the insertion marker movement mode for the content region) and re-initiating of the insertion marker control mode (e.g., in manners previously described) to enable downward movement of the insertion marker. The above-described manner of not moving the insertion marker provides a quick and efficient manner of hiding the additional representation without accidentally moving the insertion marker, which simplifies the interaction between the user and the electronic device and enhances the operability of the electronic device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by avoiding potentially erroneous movement of the insertion marker while providing input to hide the additional representation), which additionally reduces power usage and improves battery life of the electronic device by enabling the user to use the electronic device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, while displaying the additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker, such as additional representation  608  in  FIG.  6 G , the electronic device detects, via the touch screen, movement of the contact in a respective direction towards the additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker, such as the upward/leftward movement of contact  603   d  in  FIG.  6 H  (e.g., if the additional representation is displayed above the insertion marker, the movement of the contact is upwards, towards the direction in which the additional representation is displayed), and in response to detecting the movement of the contact in the respective direction, the electronic device moves the insertion marker from the portion of the content to a second portion of the content in the content region in accordance with the movement of the contact in the respective direction, such as the movement of insertion marker  606  in  FIG.  6 H  (e.g. moving the insertion marker upward in the content in accordance with the upward movement of the content. In some embodiments, if the movement of the contact includes both upward and sideways components (e.g., a direction different from the respective direction), the movement of the contact causes movement of the insertion marker in the respective direction in accordance with the component of the movement in the respective direction, and causes movement of the insertion marker in the direction different from the respective direction in accordance with the component of the movement in that direction.), and updates the additional representation to be a representation of the second portion of the content that includes the insertion marker, such as the updating of additional representation  608  in  FIG.  6 H . For example, the additional representation, as previously described, is optionally a representation of the portion of the content within which the insertion marker is located. Therefore, if the insertion marker moves to a new location, the additional representation is optionally updated to reflect the portion of the content at the new location of the insertion marker. In some embodiments, the additional representation is displayed with a predefined spatial relationship with respect to the insertion marker. Thus, in some embodiments, when the insertion marker moves in accordance with the movement of the contact, the additional representation also moves in accordance with the contact (e.g., to maintain the predefined spatial relationship with respect to the insertion marker). The above-described manner of moving the insertion marker provides a quick and efficient manner of immediately moving the insertion marker when the input is not for hiding the insertion marker, which simplifies the interaction between the user and the electronic device and enhances the operability of the electronic device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by avoiding delay in moving the insertion marker), which additionally reduces power usage and improves battery life of the electronic device by enabling the user to use the electronic device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, while displaying the content region in the insertion marker control mode (e.g., a mode during which at least some contact movements cause the insertion marker to move in accordance with those movements, as previously described. In some embodiments, after the additional representation was displayed, though not necessarily while the additional representation is displayed, as described below), the electronic device detects, via the touch screen, movement of the contact in a respective direction (e.g., towards the additional representation, away from the additional representation). In some embodiments, in response to detecting the movement of the contact in the respective direction, in accordance with a determination that the additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker was not displayed when the movement of the contact in the respective direction was detected, such as in  FIGS.  6 O and  6 Q  (e.g., the additional representation has already ceased to be displayed in response to downward movement of the contact while displaying the additional representation), the electronic device moves the insertion marker within the content in accordance with the movement of the contact in the respective direction (e.g., moving the insertion marker within the content based on the movement of the contact. For example, after the additional representation has ceased to be displayed due to downward movement of the contact, downward or upward movement of the contact causes the insertion marker to move downward or upward, respectively, in accordance with that movement (e.g., while the additional representation remains un-displayed). In some embodiments, if the movement of the contact includes both downward/upward and sideways components (e.g., a direction different from the respective direction), the movement of the contact causes movement of the insertion marker in the respective direction in accordance with the component of the movement in the respective direction, and causes movement of the insertion marker in the direction different from the respective direction in accordance with the component of the movement in that direction.). In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker was displayed when the movement of the contact in the respective direction was detected (e.g., the additional representation has not yet ceased to be displayed in response to sufficient downward movement of the contact while displaying the additional representation), the electronic device forgoes moving the insertion marker within the content in accordance with the movement of the contact in the respective direction, such as in  FIGS.  6 I- 6 L . For example, while the additional representation is still displayed (e.g., whether fully displayed or partially deemphasized due to downward contact movement, as previously described), downward movement of the contact does not cause the insertion marker to move downward in accordance with that downward movement. In some embodiments, the downward movement of the contact causes the display/location of the additional representation to be changed as previously described. In some embodiments, if the movement of the contact includes both downward and sideways components (e.g., a direction different from the respective direction), the movement of the contact does not cause movement of the insertion marker in the respective direction in accordance with the component of the movement in the respective direction, but does cause movement of the insertion marker in the direction different from the respective direction in accordance with the component of the movement in that direction. The above-described manner of moving the insertion marker provides a quick and efficient manner of moving the insertion marker when hiding the insertion marker is no longer possible, and not moving the insertion marker when hiding the insertion marker is still possible, which simplifies the interaction between the user and the electronic device and enhances the operability of the electronic device and makes the user-device interface more efficient, which additionally reduces power usage and improves battery life of the electronic device by enabling the user to use the electronic device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, while displaying the content region in the insertion marker control mode (e.g., a mode during which at least some contact movements cause the insertion marker to move in accordance with those movements, as previously described. In some embodiments, after the additional representation was displayed, though not necessarily while the additional representation is displayed, as described below), the electronic device detects, via the touch screen, movement of the contact in a second respective direction, different from the respective direction (e.g., a direction different than the direction towards/away from the additional representation, such as in a direction that is perpendicular to the direction towards/away from the additional representation). In some embodiments, in response to detecting the movement of the contact in the second respective direction, in accordance with a determination that the additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker was not displayed when the movement of the contact in the second respective direction was detected (e.g., the additional representation has already ceased to be displayed in response to downward movement of the contact while displaying the additional representation), the electronic device moves the insertion marker within the content in accordance with the movement of the contact in the second respective direction, such as in  FIG.  6 Q  (e.g., moving the insertion marker within the content based on the movement of the contact. For example, after the additional representation has ceased to be displayed due to downward movement of the contact, sideways movement of the contact causes the insertion marker to move sideways in accordance with that movement (e.g., while the additional representation remains un-displayed). In some embodiments, if the movement of the contact includes both downward/upward and sideways components (e.g., a direction different from the second respective direction), the movement of the contact causes movement of the insertion marker in the second respective direction in accordance with the component of the movement in the second respective direction, and causes movement of the insertion marker in the direction different from the second respective direction in accordance with the component of the movement in that direction.). In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the additional representation of the portion of the content that includes the insertion marker was displayed when the movement of the contact in the second respective direction was detected (e.g., the additional representation has not yet ceased to be displayed in response to sufficient downward movement of the contact while displaying the additional representation), the electronic device moves the insertion marker within the content in accordance with the movement of the contact in the second respective direction, such as in  FIG.  6 G . For example, while the additional representation is still displayed (e.g., whether fully displayed or partially deemphasized due to downward contact movement, as previously described), sideways movement of the contact causes the insertion marker to move sideways in accordance with that sideways movement. In some embodiments, if the movement of the contact includes both upward/downward and sideways components (e.g., a direction different from the second respective direction), the movement of the contact does not cause movement of the insertion marker in the second respective direction in accordance with the component of the movement in the second respective direction, but does cause movement of the insertion marker in the direction different from the second respective direction in accordance with the component of the movement in that direction. The above-described manner of moving the insertion marker provides a quick and efficient manner of immediately moving the insertion marker when the input type does not correspond to an input type to hide the additional representation (e.g., doesn&#39;t correspond to a vertical-movement input), which simplifies the interaction between the user and the electronic device and enhances the operability of the electronic device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by avoiding movement-based delay in moving the insertion marker when that delay is not needed due to the input not implicating hiding of the additional representation), which additionally reduces power usage and improves battery life of the electronic device by enabling the user to use the electronic device more quickly and efficiently. 
     It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in method  700  and/or  FIG.  7    have been described is merely exemplary and is not intended to indicate that the described order is the only order in which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to reorder the operations described herein. 
     The operations in the information processing methods described above are, optionally, implemented by running one or more functional modules in an information processing apparatus such as general purpose processors (e.g., as described with respect to  FIGS.  1 A- 1 B,  3 ,  5 A- 5 H ) or application specific chips. Further, the operations described above with reference to  FIG.  7    are, optionally, implemented by components depicted in  FIGS.  1 A- 1 B . For example, displaying operations  702  and  704  are optionally, implemented by event sorter  170 , event recognizer  180 , and event handler  190 . When a respective predefined event or sub-event is detected, event recognizer  180  activates an event handler  190  associated with the detection of the event or sub-event. Event handler  190  optionally utilizes or calls data updater  176  or object updater  177  to update the application internal state  192 . In some embodiments, event handler  190  accesses a respective GUI updater  178  to update what is displayed by the application. Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in the art how other processes can be implemented based on the components depicted in  FIGS.  1 A- 1 B . 
     As described above, one aspect of the present technology potentially involves the gathering and use of data available from specific and legitimate sources to facilitate the display of some information (e.g., content, such as text, in a content editing user interface). The present disclosure contemplates that in some instances, this gathered data may include personal information data that uniquely identifies or can be used to identify a specific person. Such personal information data can include demographic data, location-based data, online identifiers, telephone numbers, email addresses, home addresses, data or records relating to a user&#39;s health or level of fitness (e.g., vital signs measurements, medication information, exercise information), date of birth, or any other personal information, usage history, handwriting styles, etc. 
     The present disclosure recognizes that the use of such personal information data, in the present technology, can be used to the benefit of users. For example, the personal information data can be used to automatically perform operations with respect to displaying content in a content editing user interface. Accordingly, use of such personal information data enables users to enter fewer inputs to perform an action with respect to such actions. 
     The present disclosure contemplates that those entities responsible for the collection, analysis, disclosure, transfer, storage, or other use of such personal information data will comply with well-established privacy policies and/or privacy practices. In particular, such entities would be expected to implement and consistently apply privacy practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining the privacy of users. Such information regarding the use of personal data should be prominent and easily accessible by users, and should be updated as the collection and/or use of data changes. Personal information from users should be collected for legitimate uses only. Further, such collection/sharing should occur only after receiving the consent of the users or other legitimate basis specified in applicable law. Additionally, such entities should consider taking any needed steps for safeguarding and securing access to such personal information data and ensuring that others with access to the personal information data adhere to their privacy policies and procedures. Further, such entities can subject themselves to evaluation by third parties to certify their adherence to widely accepted privacy policies and practices. In addition, policies and practices should be adapted for the particular types of personal information data being collected and/or accessed and adapted to applicable laws and standards, including jurisdiction-specific considerations that may serve to impose a higher standard. For instance, in the US, collection of or access to certain health data may be governed by federal and/or state laws, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA); whereas health data in other countries may be subject to other regulations and policies and should be handled accordingly. 
     Despite the foregoing, the present disclosure also contemplates embodiments in which users selectively block the use of, or access to, personal information data. That is, the present disclosure contemplates that hardware and/or software elements can be provided to prevent or block access to such personal information data. For example, the user is able to configure one or more electronic devices to change the discovery or privacy settings of the electronic device. For example, the user can select a setting that only allows an electronic device to access certain of the user&#39;s content data or contact data when displaying content in a content editing user interface. 
     Moreover, it is the intent of the present disclosure that personal information data should be managed and handled in a way to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use. Risk can be minimized by limiting the collection of data and deleting data once it is no longer needed. In addition, and when applicable, including in certain health related applications, data de-identification can be used to protect a user&#39;s privacy. De-identification may be facilitated, when appropriate, by removing identifiers, controlling the amount or specificity of data stored (e.g., collecting location data at city level rather than at an address level), controlling how data is stored (e.g., aggregating data across users), and/or other methods such as differential privacy. 
     Therefore, although the present disclosure broadly covers use of personal information data to implement one or more various disclosed embodiments, the present disclosure also contemplates that the various embodiments can also be implemented without the need for accessing such personal information data. That is, the various embodiments of the present technology are not rendered inoperable due to the lack of all or a portion of such personal information data. For example, content data can be recognized based on aggregated non-personal information data or a bare minimum amount of personal information, such as the data being handled only on the user&#39;s device, or other non-personal information. 
     The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best use the invention and various described embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20210922
Publication Date: 20240625
Grant Date: 20240625
Priority Date: 20200925
Inventors: Alonso, Marcos
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G06F3/0485", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04842", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F40/166", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04805", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04886", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04812", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04842", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04812", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0488", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F40/166", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0485", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04842", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04812", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 78402295