PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-12200331-B2
Application Number: US-202218061420-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Folded optics camera and actuator assembly

Abstract:
Various embodiments include a camera with a folded optics arrangement and include a voice coil motor (VCM) actuator assembly to provide autofocus (AF) and/or optical image stabilization (OIS) movement. The camera with folded optics and the associated VCM actuator assembly have a first rotational normal mode of free vibration such that lenses of the camera rotate about an optical axis of the camera such that the rotational motion in the first rotational mode of free vibration is invisible from a perspective of an image sensor of the camera.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A camera comprising:
 an aperture configured to enable light to enter the camera in a first direction via the aperture; 
 a prism configured to redirect the light such that the light is directed in a second direction; 
 a lens carrier comprising one or more lens, wherein the lens carrier is oriented in the camera such that the light directed in the second direction passes through the one or more lens of the lens carrier, wherein the one or more lens of the lens carrier define an optical axis of the camera; 
 an image sensor configured to capture the light which has passed through the one or more lens and convert the light into image signals; 
 a carrier frame at least partially surrounding the lens carrier; 
 a first set of suspension elements configured to mechanically connect the lens carrier to the carrier frame; 
 a second set of suspension elements configured to mechanically connect the carrier frame to a static member of the camera, configured to be static relative to the carrier frame; and
 wherein the lens carrier and first set of suspension elements, when excited at one or more resonance frequencies, have a first mode of normal rotational free vibration that causes the lens carrier to rotate about the optical axis. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The camera of  claim 1 , further comprising: a casing of the camera comprising a turret extending out a distance from a surface of a mobile device, wherein the aperture is located within the turret and at least a portion of the camera is positioned within the casing under a shoulder of the turret. 
     
     
       3. The camera of  claim 2 ,
 wherein the first set of suspension elements comprises a first group of suspension springs mounted on a side of the lens carrier opposite the turret and a second group of suspension springs mounted on a side of the lens carrier closer to the turret, wherein the first group of suspension springs comprises more suspension springs than the second group of suspension springs mounted closer to the turret. 
 
     
     
       4. The camera of  claim 1 , wherein the second set of suspension elements configured to mechanically connect the carrier frame to the static member of the camera comprise:
 suspension wires mechanically connecting the carrier frame to the static member of the camera, 
 
       wherein the camera further comprises:
 channels at least partially filled with a gel material, wherein the suspension wires pass through the gel material, and wherein the gel material provides mechanical damping to an assembly comprising the carrier frame and the lens carrier. 
 
     
     
       5. The camera of  claim 4 , wherein the static member of the camera comprises a static structure comprising a plurality of static bases positioned between a first end and a second end of the static structure, wherein the carrier frame is mounted in the static structure, and wherein:
 a first group of the suspension wires comprises wires running along a first side of the carrier frame between a first end of the carrier frame and one of the static bases on a side of the static structure adjacent to the first side of the carrier frame; 
 a second group of the suspension wires comprises wires running along a second side of the carrier frame between the first end of the carrier frame and another one of the static bases on a side of the static structure adjacent to the second side of the carrier frame; 
 a third group of the suspension wires comprises wires running along the first side of the carrier frame between a second end of the carrier frame and an additional one of the static bases on a side of the static structure adjacent to the first side of the carrier frame; and 
 a fourth group of the suspension wires comprises wires running along the second side of the carrier frame between the second end of the carrier frame and another additional one of the static bases on a side of the static structure adjacent to the second side of the carrier frame. 
 
     
     
       6. The camera of  claim 1 , wherein the respective stiffnesses of the first set of suspension elements and the second set of suspension elements are different stiffnesses, wherein the stiffnesses of the respective sets of suspension elements are selected such that the first mode of normal rotational free vibration of the lens carrier and the first set of suspension elements comprises rotation about the optical axis such that the one or more lens of the lens carrier rotate about the optical axis without being displaced relative to the image sensor. 
     
     
       7. The camera of  claim 1 , wherein the static member includes openings, wherein, during assembly, tabs of a common assembly are bent around the carrier frame to position at least a portion of a set of coils into place in the static member. 
     
     
       8. A voice coil motor (VCM) actuator assembly for a folded optics camera, the VCM actuator assembly comprising:
 a plurality of magnets; 
 a plurality of coils; 
 a carrier frame configured to at least partially surround a lens carrier, wherein an optical axis of one or more lens of the lens carrier is oriented perpendicular to a light direction of light entering the folded optics camera; 
 a first set of suspension elements configured to mechanically connect the lens carrier to the carrier frame; 
 a second set of suspension elements configured to mechanically connect the carrier frame to a static member of the folded optics camera, wherein the lens carrier and the first set of suspension elements, when excited at one or more resonance frequencies, have a first mode of normal rotational free vibration that causes the lens carrier to rotate about the optical axis; 
 wherein the VCM actuator assembly is configured to move the lens carrier in the carrier frame along the optical axis, relative to an image sensor of the folded optics camera. 
 
     
     
       9. The VCM actuator assembly of  claim 8 , wherein a casing of a mobile device comprising the VCM actuator assembly comprises a turret extending out a distance from a surface of the mobile device, wherein an aperture of the folded optics camera is located within the turret and at least a portion of the folded-optics camera is positioned within the casing under a shoulder of the turret; and
 wherein the first set of suspension elements comprises a first group of suspension springs mounted on a side of the lens carrier opposite the turret and a second group of suspension springs mounted on a side of the lens carrier closer to the turret, wherein the first group of suspension springs comprises more suspension springs than the second group of suspension springs mounted closer to the turret. 
 
     
     
       10. The VCM actuator assembly of  claim 8 , wherein the second set of suspension elements configured to mechanically connect the carrier frame to the static member of the folded-optics camera comprises suspension wires mechanically connecting the carrier frame to one or more static members of the folded-optics camera. 
     
     
       11. The VCM actuator assembly of  claim 10 , wherein the second set of suspension elements comprises at least two wires running from a first corner of the carrier frame to a static base of the one or more static members and at least two additional wires running from a second corner of the carrier frame to another static base of the one or more static members, and
 wherein the second set of suspension elements comprises at least two wires running from a third corner of the carrier frame to an additional static base of the one or more static members and at least two additional wires running from a fourth corner of the carrier frame to another additional static base of the one or more static members. 
 
     
     
       12. The VCM actuator assembly of  claim 8 , wherein the respective stiffnesses of the first set of suspension elements and the second set of suspension elements are different stiffnesses, wherein the stiffnesses of the respective sets of suspension elements are selected such that the first mode of normal rotational free vibration of the lens carrier and the first set of suspension elements comprises rotation about the optical axis such that the one or more lens of the lens carrier rotate about the optical axis without being displaced relative to the image sensor. 
     
     
       13. The VCM actuator assembly of  claim 8 , wherein the magnets are mounted to the carrier frame or the lens carrier and move with the carrier frame or lens carrier. 
     
     
       14. The VCM actuator assembly of  claim 13 , wherein one or more ferromagnetic pads are coupled to one or more of the magnets, wherein the one or more ferromagnetic pads direct respective magnetic fields of the one or more magnets towards a respective one of the coils and away from an interior of the carrier frame. 
     
     
       15. A mobile multifunction device comprising:
 a camera module comprising:
 an aperture configured to enable light to enter the camera module in a first direction via the aperture; 
 a prism configured to redirect the light such that the light is directed in a second direction; 
 a lens carrier comprising one or more lens, wherein the lens carrier is oriented in the camera module such that the light directed in the second direction passes through the one or more lens, wherein the one or more lens of the lens carrier define an optical axis of the camera module; 
 an image sensor configured to capture light which has passed through the one or more lens of the lens carrier and convert the light into image signals; and 
 a voice coil motor (VCM) actuator assembly comprising:
 a plurality of magnets; 
 a plurality of coils; 
 a carrier frame at least partially surrounding the lens carrier; 
 a first set of suspension elements configured to mechanically connect the lens carrier to the carrier frame; 
 a second set of suspension elements configured to mechanically connect the carrier frame to a static member of the camera module configured to be static relative to the carrier frame; 
 wherein the lens carrier and first set of suspension elements, when excited at one or more resonance frequencies, have a first mode of normal rotational free vibration that causes the lens carrier to rotate about the optical axis; 
 
 
 a display; and 
 one or more processors configured to:
 cause the VCM actuator assembly to move the lens carrier in the carrier frame, relative to the image sensor, along the optical axis. 
 
 
     
     
       16. The mobile device of  claim 15 , wherein the lens carrier is positioned along the optical axis such that a height of a lens carrier casing at a first end is lower than a height of the lens carrier at a second end. 
     
     
       17. The mobile device of  claim 15 , wherein a casing of the mobile device comprises a turret extending out a distance from a surface of the mobile device, wherein the aperture is located within the turret and at least a portion of the VCM actuator assembly is positioned within the casing under a shoulder of the turret. 
     
     
       18. The mobile device of  claim 17  wherein the second set of suspension elements comprise suspension wires oriented perpendicular to a direction in which the turret extends out the distance from the surface of the mobile device. 
     
     
       19. The mobile device of  claim 17 , wherein the first set of suspension elements comprises a first group of suspension springs mounted on a side of the lens carrier opposite the turret and a second group of suspension springs mounted on a side of the lens carrier closer to the turret, wherein the first group of suspension springs comprises more suspension springs than the second group of suspension springs mounted closer to the turret. 
     
     
       20. The mobile device of  claim 19 , wherein the respective stiffnesses of the first group of suspension springs and the second group of suspension springs are different stiffnesses, wherein the stiffnesses of the respective groups of suspension springs are selected such that the first rotational normal mode of free vibration of the lens carrier and the first set of suspension elements comprises rotation about the optical axis such that the one or more lens of the lens carrier rotate about the optical axis without being displaced relative to the image sensor.

Description:
PRIORITY CLAIM 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/563,725, filed Sep. 6, 2019, which claims benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/729,381, entitled “Folded Optics Camera and Actuator Assembly”, filed Sep. 10, 2018, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Technical Field 
     This disclosure relates generally to a folded optics arrangement camera and actuator assembly. 
     Description of the Related Art 
     The advent of small, mobile multipurpose devices such as smartphones and tablet or pad devices has resulted in a need for high-resolution, small form factor cameras for integration into such devices. Some small form factor cameras may incorporate optical image stabilization (OIS) mechanisms that may sense and react to external excitation/disturbance forces by adjusting a location of one or more optical lenses in one or more directions in an attempt to compensate for unwanted motion of the lenses. Some small form factor cameras may incorporate an autofocus (AF) mechanism whereby an object focal distance can be adjusted to focus an object plane in front of the camera at an image plane to be captured by an image sensor of the camera. In some such autofocus mechanisms, the optical lens or lenses are moved as a single rigid body along the optical axis of the camera to refocus the camera. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    illustrates a simplified view of a folded optics arrangement camera, according to some embodiments. 
         FIG.  2    illustrates movements of a lens carrier of a folded optics arrangement camera in an autofocus direction and multiple optical image stabilization directions, according to some embodiments. 
         FIG.  3    illustrates an exploded view of a folded optics arrangement camera that includes a voice coil motor actuators and a horizontal suspension wire arrangement, according to some embodiments. 
         FIG.  4    illustrates a perspective view of an assembled folded optics arrangement camera that includes voice coil motor actuators and a horizontal suspension wire arrangement, according to some embodiments. 
         FIG.  5    illustrates a cut-away view of a folded optics arrangement camera mounted in a mobile device casing, according to some embodiments. 
         FIG.  6 A  is a perspective view of an assembled folded optics arrangement camera that includes voice coil motor actuators and a horizontal suspension wire arrangement, according to some embodiments. 
         FIG.  6 B  is a zoomed-in perspective view illustrating horizontal suspension wires of a folded optics arrangement camera, according to some embodiments. 
         FIG.  6 C  is a top view of a folded optics arrangement camera that includes voice coil motor actuators and a horizontal suspension wire arrangement, according to some embodiments. 
         FIG.  7 A  is a perspective view of lens carrier of a folded optics arrangement camera, according to some embodiments. 
         FIG.  7 B  is a zoomed-in perspective view of suspension springs associated with the lens carrier illustrated in  FIG.  7 A , according to some embodiments. 
         FIG.  8 A  illustrates a perspective view of a lens carrier of a folded optics arrangement camera, wherein the lens carrier translates along an optical axis relative to a carrier frame of the folded optics arrangement camera, according to some embodiments. 
         FIGS.  8 B- 8 C  illustrate elongation of suspension springs that allow motion of a lens carrier along an optical axis of a folded optics arrangement camera, but prevent vertical motion of the lens carrier in directions orthogonal to the optical axis of the folded optics arrangement camera, according to some embodiments. 
         FIGS.  8 D- 8 E  illustrate elongation of suspension springs that allow motion of a lens carrier along an optical axis of a folded optics arrangement camera, but prevent side-to-side motion of the lens carrier in directions orthogonal to the optical axis of the folded optics arrangement camera, according to some embodiments. 
         FIGS.  9 A- 9 B  illustrate a side view of a static structure of a folded optics arrangement camera and motion of a carrier frame of the folded optics arrangement camera relative to the static structure, according to some embodiments. 
         FIGS.  10 A- 10 B  illustrate at top view of an end of a carrier frame of a folded optics arrangement camera, wherein the carrier frame moves relative to a static structure of the folded optics arrangement camera, according to some embodiments. 
         FIG.  11    illustrates a first rotational normal mode of free vibration of a folded optics arrangement camera that includes a horizontal suspension wire arrangement, according to some embodiments. 
         FIGS.  12 A- 12 B  illustrate perspective views of a folded optics arrangement camera that includes voice coil motor (VCM) actuators showing locations of coils and magnets of the VCM actuators, according to some embodiments. 
         FIG.  13    illustrates a perspective view showing relative locations of magnets, coils, and sensors included in voice coil motor (VCM) actuators of a folded optics arrangement camera, according to some embodiments. 
         FIG.  14    illustrates a block diagram of an example portable multifunction device that may include a folded optics arrangement camera and voice coil motor actuators with a horizontal suspension wire arrangement, according to some embodiments. 
         FIG.  15    depicts an example portable multifunction device that may include a folded optics arrangement camera and voice coil motor actuators with a horizontal suspension wire arrangement, according to some embodiments. 
         FIG.  16    illustrates an example computer system that may include a folded optics arrangement camera and voice coil motor actuators with a horizontal suspension wire arrangement, according to some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     This specification includes references to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment.” The appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner consistent with this disclosure. 
     “Comprising.” This term is open-ended. As used in the appended claims, this term does not foreclose additional structure or steps. Consider a claim that recites: “An apparatus comprising one or more processor units . . . .” Such a claim does not foreclose the apparatus from including additional components (e.g., a network interface unit, graphics circuitry, etc.). 
     “Configured To.” Various units, circuits, or other components may be described or claimed as “configured to” perform a task or tasks. In such contexts, “configured to” is used to connote structure by indicating that the units/circuits/components include structure (e.g., circuitry) that performs those task or tasks during operation. As such, the unit/circuit/component can be said to be configured to perform the task even when the specified unit/circuit/component is not currently operational (e.g., is not on). The units/circuits/components used with the “configured to” language include hardware—for example, circuits, memory storing program instructions executable to implement the operation, etc. Reciting that a unit/circuit/component is “configured to” perform one or more tasks is expressly intended not to invoke 35 U.S.C. § 112, sixth paragraph, for that unit/circuit/component. Additionally, “configured to” can include generic structure (e.g., generic circuitry) that is manipulated by software and/or firmware (e.g., an FPGA or a general-purpose processor executing software) to operate in manner that is capable of performing the task(s) at issue. “Configure to” may also include adapting a manufacturing process (e.g., a semiconductor fabrication facility) to fabricate devices (e.g., integrated circuits) that are adapted to implement or perform one or more tasks. 
     “First,” “Second,” etc. As used herein, these terms are used as labels for nouns that they precede, and do not imply any type of ordering (e.g., spatial, temporal, logical, etc.). For example, a buffer circuit may be described herein as performing write operations for “first” and “second” values. The terms “first” and “second” do not necessarily imply that the first value must be written before the second value. 
     “Based On.” As used herein, this term is used to describe one or more factors that affect a determination. This term does not foreclose additional factors that may affect a determination. That is, a determination may be solely based on those factors or based, at least in part, on those factors. Consider the phrase “determine A based on B.” While in this case, B is a factor that affects the determination of A, such a phrase does not foreclose the determination of A from also being based on C. In other instances, A may be determined based solely on B. 
     It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first contact could be termed a second contact, and, similarly, a second contact could be termed a first contact, without departing from the intended scope. The first contact and the second contact are both contacts, but they are not the same contact. 
     The terminology used in the description herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     As used herein, the term “if” may be construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” may be construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event],” depending on the context. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Some embodiments include camera equipment outfitted with controls, magnets, voice coil motors, and suspension elements to improve effectiveness and stability of a miniature actuation mechanism for a compact camera module. More specifically, in some embodiments, a compact folded optics camera includes suspension elements and actuators to deliver functions such as autofocus (AF) and/or optical image stabilization (OIS). One approach to delivering a very compact actuator for AF and/or OIS is to use one or more voice coil motor (VCM) actuators. In some embodiments, one or more VCM actuators control movement of a lens carrier within a carrier frame of a folded optics arrangement camera to perform AF adjustments. Also, in some embodiments, one or more VCM actuators control movement of a carrier frame of a folded optics arrangement camera (and lens carrier mounted within the carrier frame) to perform OIS adjustments. In some embodiments, suspension wires that mechanically connect a carrier frame to a static structure of a folded optics camera are mounted horizontally in the folded optics camera and run along a length of the carrier frame in a same direction as an optical axis of the folded optics camera. In some embodiments, suspension springs that mechanically connect a lens carrier to a carrier frame in which the lens carrier is mounted allow for movement of the lens carrier in a same direction as an optical axis of the folded optics camera, but prevent motion of the lens carrier relative to the carrier frame in directions orthogonal to the optical axis. 
       FIG.  1    illustrates a simplified view of a folded optics arrangement camera and shows how light is bent within the folded optics arrangement camera, according to some embodiments. 
     In some embodiments, any of the embodiments described in regard to  FIGS.  2 - 16    may include one or multiple features, components, and/or functionality as described herein with regard to folded optics arrangement camera  100  illustrated in  FIG.  1   . For example, any of the folded optics arrangement cameras described in regard to  FIGS.  2 - 16    may bend light in a similar manner as described for folded optics arrangement camera  100 . Also, any of the embodiments described in regard to  FIGS.  2 - 16    may include a lens carrier that is actuated in an autofocus (AF-X) direction and optical image stabilization (OIS-Y, OIS-Z) directions as described below for folded optics arrangement camera  100  illustrated in  FIG.  1    and lens carrier  104  illustrated in  FIG.  2   . 
     In some embodiments, folded optics arrangement camera  100  may include a group of one or more lenses  102  mounted in a lens carrier  104 , a first prism  106 , a second prism  108 , and an image sensor  110 . In some embodiments, the lens carrier  104  may be located between the first prism  106  and the second prism  108 , forming a folded optics arrangement  112 . Light may enter folded optics arrangement camera  100  via an aperture  116  and follow an optical path  114  that is folded by the first prism  106  such that the light is directed towards the one or more lenses  102  of the lens carrier  104 , passes through the one or more lenses  102 , and is folded by the second prism  108  such that the light is directed towards the image sensor  110 . As will be discussed in further detail below, the lens carrier  104  may be coupled with an actuator assembly that is configured to move the lens carrier  104  in multiple directions, e.g., to provide autofocus (AF) and/or optical image stabilization (OIS) functionality. Optical axis  118  may be defined as the portion of optical path  114  that runs between prism  106  and  108  through lenses  102 . 
       FIG.  2    illustrates voice coil motor actuator movements of the lens carrier of the folded optics arrangement camera in an autofocus direction and multiple optical image stabilization directions, according to some embodiments. 
       FIG.  2    illustrates an example lens carrier (e.g., lens carrier  104 ) that moves in directions corresponding to at least three degrees of freedom, (e.g. along an X, Y, and Z axis) within a folded optics arrangement camera  100 . In some embodiments, the lens carrier  104  may be combined in a folded optics arrangement camera that includes a voice coil motor actuator and horizontal suspension wires as described herein with reference to  FIGS.  1  and  3 - 16   . 
     As indicated in  FIG.  2   , the lens carrier  104  may be shifted (e.g., by an actuator, such as the actuator assemblies/arrangements discussed in further detail below) along optical axis  202  to provide AF movement in the X-direction. Additionally, or alternatively, the lens carrier  104  may be shifted along Z-axis  204  to provide OIS movement in OIS-Z directions (also referred to herein as “OIS-Z movement”). Additionally, or alternatively, the lens carrier  104  may be shifted along Y-axis  206  to provide OIS movement in OIS-Y directions (also referred to herein as “OIS-Y movement”), which are orthogonal to the OIS-X directions. 
     A folded optics arrangement camera that includes one or more actuators may have vibration characteristics resulting from an arrangement of masses and springs of the camera and actuators. In some situations, a folded optics arrangement camera that includes one or more actuators may have both translational and rotational modes of normal free vibration that may be excited at one or more resonant frequencies of the camera and actuator system (e.g. one or more natural frequencies of the system). In some situations, such normal modes of free vibration may, when excited, negatively impact image quality. For example, oscillating translational motion that causes a lens carrier to move towards and away from an image sensor may cause captured images to be out of focus. In a similar manner, rotational motion that causes a lens carrier to rotate such that the lens carrier is skewed in relation to light passing through the lens carrier along an optical axis of the camera may cause images to be negatively impacted. For example, one portion of the image may be slightly magnified or better focused than an opposing portion of the image. 
     However, in other situations normal modes of free vibration may be benign (e.g. not adversely impact image quality). For example, a normal mode of rotational free vibration that causes a lens carrier to rotate about an optical axis of a camera may not negatively affect a quality of a captured image. This is because the lenses of the lens carrier may be symmetrical such that rotation of the lenses does not affect how light is altered as the light passes through the lenses of the lens carrier on the way to the image sensor. 
     In some embodiments, a folded optics arrangement camera that includes actuators and suspension systems that make up an actuator assembly may include a lens carrier arranged in a carrier frame and connected to the carrier frame via suspension springs that allow motion of the lens carrier in the carrier frame along the optical axis. For example, a voice coil motor actuator may move the lens carrier in the carrier frame along the optical axis (e.g. in the X-direction) to perform autofocusing. However, the suspension springs connecting the lens carrier to the carrier frame may restrict motion of the lens carrier relative to the carrier frame in directions not along the optical axis. This may prevent the lens carrier from rotating in the carrier frame, or from being translated vertically (e.g. in the Z-direction) or horizontally (e.g. in the Y-direction) relative to the carrier frame. 
     In some embodiments, a folded optics arrangement camera and actuator assembly may further include horizontal suspension wires that connect the carrier frame to a static structure of the camera. For example, the static structure of the camera may be rigidly coupled to a frame or other member of a device in which the camera is mounted. The suspension wires may prevent motion of the carrier frame along the optical axis (e.g. in the X-direction), but may allow the carrier frame (and the lens carrier mounted within the carrier frame) to be adjusted in directions orthogonal to the optical axis (e.g. in the Z-direction and the Y-direction). For example, voice coil motor (VCM) actuators may adjust the carrier frame (and lens carrier mounted in the carrier frame) in an OIS-X direction and an OIS-Z direction to perform optical image stabilization. 
     In some embodiments, the mass of the carrier frame, the mass of the lens carrier, and respective spring constants of the suspension springs connecting the lens carrier to the carrier frame may result in a system that has a first mode of normal rotational free vibration such that the lens carrier rotates about the optical axis without tilting or skewing relative to the optical axis. This first mode of normal rotational free vibration may not negatively impact image quality. For example, the lenses of the lens carrier may rotate about the optical axis while remaining at a same distance and orientation relative to the image sensor. Additionally, such an arrangement of masses and springs may cause other modes of normal free rotational vibration to correspond to higher frequencies that are less likely to be excited. For example, a second and a third mode of normal rotational free vibration may be associated with natural frequencies of 200 Hertz or greater. 
       FIG.  3    illustrates an exploded view of a folded optics arrangement camera that includes a voice coil motor actuator assembly comprising voice coil motor actuators and a horizontal suspension wire arrangement, according to some embodiments. 
     Folded optics arrangement camera  300  includes lens carrier  302 , carrier frame  304 , and static structure  306 . In some embodiments, static structure  306  may mount to a casing or other fixed component of a device in which folded optics arrangement camera  300  is mounted. In some embodiments, coils are mounted to the static structure  306  and together with magnets mounted to the carrier frame  304 , and lens carrier  302  form voice coil motor actuators that exert Lorentz forces to cause adjustments of optical components of the folded optics arrangement camera  300 , such as carrier frame  304  and/or lens carrier  302 . 
     In some embodiments, optical image stabilization (OIS) coils that act in the Y-direction are mounted on either side of the static structure  306 . The OIS coils may, in conjunction with associated magnets, form voice coil motor actuators that cause carrier frame  304  to move in the Y-direction. For example, OIS-Y coil  308  is mounted on a first side of the static structure  306  and an additional OIS-Y coil  310  is mounted on a second side of the static structure  306  opposite OIS-Y coil  308 . The OIS-Y coils interact with respective magnets  360  mounted on either side of carrier frame  304  to generate Lorentz forces to actuate movement of carrier frame  304  in the Y-direction. 
     In some embodiments, sensors may be mounted in the coils. For example, hall sensor  312  is mounted in OIS-Y coil  308  and hall sensor  314  is mounted in OIS-Y coil  310 . Sensors, such as hall sensors  312  and  314 , may sense magnetic fields at the respective coils and may be used to control voice coil motor actuators (VCM actuators) such as VCM actuators associated with OIS-Y coils  308  and  310 . 
     In some embodiments, an additional coil is mounted to the static structure  306  at an end of the static structure  306  to provide optical image stabilization in the Z-direction (OIS-Z). For example, OIS-Z coil  316  is mounted at an end of static structure  306  and hall sensor  318  is mounted in OIS-Z coil  316 . In some embodiments, magnets associated with OIS-Y coils  308  and  310  are single pole magnets, whereas a dual pole magnet or magnets is associated with OIS-Z coil  316 . Additionally, another coil may be mounted on a base of static structure  306  to generate Lorentz forces causing movements in the X-direction, which corresponds with an autofocus direction for the folded optics arrangement camera  300 . For example, AF-X coil  320  shown above in the exploded view of  FIG.  3    may mount on a base of static structure  306  between the first and second sides of the static structure  306  to which the OIS-Y coils  308  and  310  are respectively mounted. Though not shown, in some embodiments, a hall sensor may be mounted to a base of static structure  306  in an opening of AF-X coil  320 , in a similar manner as hall sensors  312 ,  314 , and  318  are mounted in openings of OIS-Y coils  308  and  310  and OIS-Z coils  316 . 
     In some embodiments, a static structure may further include one or more channels, such as channels  322  and  324 . When assembled, suspension wires, such as suspension wires  326  and  328  may pass through the channels  322  and  324 . In some embodiments, channels, such as channels  322  and  324 , may be filled with a damping substance such as a gel, rubber, or other viscous material that provides damping to a suspension system of an actuator assembly associated with folded optics arrangement camera  300 . 
     In some embodiments, an image sensor, such as image sensor  330 , may also be mounted to static structure  306 . In some embodiments, an image sensor may include a light sensing portion, circuitry, and associated packaging. In some embodiments, one or more pads  332  may be mounted adjacent to an image sensor and may support a prism module that mounts above the image sensor. For example, when assembled, prism  334  may mount above image sensor  330  and may be supported by pads  332 . 
     In some embodiments, a carrier frame, such as carrier frame  304  may fit within outer wall structures of a static structure, such as the outer wall structures  336 ,  338 , and  340  of static structure  306  that include OIS-Y coils  308  and  310  and OIS-Z coil  316 , respectively. In some embodiments, the outer wall structures may include static bases to which suspension wires are mounted. For example, static structure  306  may include outer wall structures  336 ,  338 , and  340 , within which OIS-Y coils  308  and  310  and OIS-Z coil  316  are mounted. Also, static bases  340  and  344  may be included in outer wall structure  336  and static bases  346  and  348  may be included in outer wall structure  338 . Though shown in an exploded view in  FIG.  3   , in some embodiments, base pads associated with suspension wires, such as base pads  350  associated with suspension wires  326  and  328  may be molded into static bases, such as static bases  342 ,  344 ,  346 , and  348 . For example, in some embodiments, base pads  350  may be metal pads that are included in molded plastic static bases  342 ,  344 ,  346 , and  348 . In some embodiments, suspension wires  326 ,  328  and other ones of the suspension wires shown in  FIG.  3    may be soldered to a respective base pad included in a static base of a static wall to mechanically connect an end of each of the suspension wires to the static structure  306 . 
     As can be seen in  FIG.  3   , the suspension wires, such as suspension wires  326 ,  328 ,  352 , and  354 , may run horizontally along a length of the folded optics arrangement camera (as opposed to a vertical orientation in an up and down direction along a height of the folded optics arrangement camera). In some embodiments, the horizontal direction along which the suspension wires run may be in a same direction as an optical axis of the folded optics camera, such as optical axis portion  118  of optical path  114  shown in  FIG.  1    that passes through lens  102  of lens carrier  104 . In some embodiments, lens carrier  302  may move in similar manners as described for lens carrier  104  in regard to  FIGS.  1 - 2   . 
     In some embodiments, horizontally arranged suspension wires may reduce an overall Z-height of a folded optics arrangement camera as opposed to other camera types that do not use horizontally arranged suspension wires. This is because the suspension wires may run along a side of the folded optics camera without extending beyond the boundaries of the folded optics camera. For example, other types of cameras may mount suspension wires to a static structure outside of a camera, thus causing the suspension wires to extend beyond the boundaries of the other type of camera. In contrast, a folded optics arrangement camera as illustrated in  FIG.  3    may include suspension wires that are within outer boundaries of the folded optics camera and that do not extend beyond these boundaries. For example, suspension wires  326  and  352  may extend between flex tabs  356  and  358  and static base  342  of wall structure  336 . In this way, the suspension wires fit within an outer envelope of folded optic arrangement camera  300 . Also, suspension wires mounted horizontally, such as suspension wires  326 ,  328 ,  352 ,  354  (and additional suspension wires on an opposite side of folded optics arrangement camera  300  not shown in  FIG.  3   ), may be longer than suspension wires typically used in vertical suspension arrangements. This is because the respective lengths of the suspension wires may not affect the overall dimensions of the folded optics arrangement camera  300 . Additionally, longer suspension wires may reduce stresses experienced by the suspension wires by distributing forces experienced by a suspension wire over a longer length of wire. In a similar manner, flex tabs  356 ,  358  and corresponding flex tabs  364 ,  366 ,  382 ,  384  (and another set of flex tabs not show in  FIG.  3    associated with other ones of the suspension wires) may flex in response to sudden forces as may be experienced when a device containing a folded optics arrangement camera  300  is dropped. The flex tabs may be mounted to the carrier frame  304  and along with the suspension wires connect the carrier frame to the static structure  306 . 
     In some embodiments, flexure of the flex tabs may also help absorb sudden forces such that stress on suspension wires are reduced and such that suspension wires, such as suspension wires  326 ,  328 ,  352 , and  354  do not fail when a device containing folded optics arrangement camera  300  is dropped or otherwise experiences sudden forces. 
     In some embodiments, carrier frame  304  may also include magnets mounted on or otherwise attached to the carrier frame  304 . For example, single pole magnet  360  is mounted on carrier frame  304  and moves with carrier frame  304 . Also dual pole magnet(s)  362  are mounted to carrier frame  304  and move with carrier frame  304 . In some embodiments, single pole magnet  360  (and an additional single pole magnet on an opposite side of carrier frame  304 ) may interact with OIS-Y coils  308  and  310  to provide OIS-Y actuation. Also, dual pole magnet(s)  362  may interact with OIS-Z coil  316  to provide OIS-Z actuation. 
     In some embodiments, prisms  368  and  334  may mount in carrier frame  304  and may move with carrier frame  304 . In some embodiments, prism  368  may include an aperture  370  through which light enters folded optics arrangement camera  300  and prism  334  may direct light that has passed through lenses of lens carrier  302  towards image sensor  330 . In some embodiments lens carrier  302  may include one or more lens, such as lens carrier  104  illustrated in  FIG.  1    that includes lenses  102 . 
     In some embodiments, a lens carrier may mount between prisms  368  and  334  via suspension springs  372  and  374 . In some embodiments, suspension springs  372  may allow motion of the lens carrier  302  relative to the carrier frame  304  in the X-direction (autofocus direction along the optical axis), but may prevent motion of the lens carrier  302  relative to the carrier frame  304  in a vertical or Z-direction. Also, suspension springs  374  may allow motion of the lens carrier  302  relative to the carrier frame  304  in the X-direction (autofocus direction along the optical axis), but may prevent motion of the lens carrier  302  relative to the carrier frame  304  in a side-to-side or Y-direction. Because collectively suspension springs  372  and  374  allow motion of the lens carrier  302  relative to the carrier frame  304  in the X-direction but restrict motion of the lens carrier  302  relative to the carrier frame in the Z and Y directions, the lens carrier  302  may be restricted to motion in the X-direction relative to the carrier frame  304 . 
     In some embodiments, a dual pole magnet(s)  376  may be mounted to lens carrier  302  and may interact with AF-X coil  320  to move the lens carrier  302  relative to carrier frame  304  in an auto focus direction (X-direction) to focus folded optics arrangement camera  300 . Also, suspension wires  326 ,  328 ,  352  and  354  may be rigid or semi-rigid in the X-direction thus preventing motion of the carrier frame  304  relative to static structure  306  in the X-direction, but may be flexible in directions orthogonal to the X-direction, such that carrier frame  304  (and lens carrier  302  mounted within carrier frame  304 ) may move in the Y and Z directions. For example, carrier frame  304  and lens carrier  302  may move in response to Lorentz forces generated between OIS-Y coils and their respective single pole magnets, and the OIS-Z coils and their respective dual-pole magnet(s). 
     In some embodiments, dual pole magnets, such as dual pole magnet(s)  376  and dual pole magnet(s)  362  may be mounted to a ferromagnetic pad  378  that re-directs magnetic fields associated with the magnets towards a respective set of coils associated with the respective magnet. 
     In some embodiments, OIS-Y coils  308  and  310 , OIS-Z coils  316 , and AF-X coils  320  may be mounted to a common substrate such as a piece of sheet metal and tabs of the substrate may be bent upwards to position the OIS-Y coils and the OIS-Z coils in a position in the respective static walls  336 ,  338 , and  340 . For example, as shown in  FIG.  3   , a tab to which a coil is mounted may fit within an opening in a static wall, such as tab  380  that includes OIS-Y coil  308  and that is bent up into an opening in static wall  336 . 
       FIG.  4    illustrates a perspective view of an assembled folded optics arrangement camera that includes a voice coil motor assembly comprising voice coil motor actuators and a horizontal suspension wire arrangement, according to some embodiments. 
     The folded optics arrangement camera illustrated in  FIG.  4    may be an assembled version of the exploded view folded optics arrangement camera  300  shown in  FIG.  3   . As can be seen in  FIG.  4   , lens carrier  302  is mounted between prism  368  and prism  334 . Also, lens carrier  302 , prism  368 , and prims  334  are mounted in carrier frame  304  that is in turn mounted in static structure  306 . Lens carrier  302  may be actuated to move in an autofocus (X-direction) such that lens carrier  302  moves closer to or further away from prism  334 . Note that as explained in regard to  FIG.  3   , image sensor  330  may be mounted to static structure  306  and positioned under prism  334 . Also carrier frame  304  may move in a Y-direction and Z-direction due to forces exerted by voice coil motors. For example, OIS-Y coil  310  may, in conjunction with a single-pole magnet  360  mounted to carrier frame  304  cause the carrier frame  304  to move in the Y-direction. In a similar manner OIS-Z coil  316  and associated dual pole magnets  362  mounted to carrier frame  304  may cause the carrier frame  304  to move in the Z-direction. 
     As shown in  FIG.  4    flex tabs  402  and  404  (which were on a back-side not visible in  FIG.  3   ) and flex tab  356  and flex tab  358  are mounted on carrier frame  304 . In some embodiments, a set of flex tabs may be included in a bracket  406  that is attached to a corner of carrier frame  304 . In some embodiments each corner of carrier frame  304  may include a bracket comprising two flex tabs that connect with a set of two suspension wires, wherein the suspension wires and flex tabs mechanically connect the carrier frame  304  to a static structure  306 . 
     In a similar manner as described in regard to  FIG.  3   , static structure  306  may include channels, such as channels  408 ,  410 , and  420 , and suspension wires, such as suspension wires  412 ,  414 , and  418 , may pass through the channels. In some embodiments, the channels may include a damping material, such as a gel or other viscous material. In some embodiments, each suspension wire may pass through a respective channel or some suspension wires, such as suspension wire  416  may be connected without passing through a channel. In some embodiments, different materials may be included in different channels to adjust damping as needed. Also channels may be included or omitted to adjust damping as needed. 
       FIG.  5    illustrates a cut-away view of a folded optics arrangement camera mounted in a mobile device casing, according to some embodiments. 
     In some embodiments, a folded optics arrangement camera, such as folded optics arrangement camera  300  described in regard to  FIGS.  3  and  4   , may be mounted in a device casing that includes a turret, such as turret  502 . 
     For example, folded optics arrangement camera  512  mounted within device casing  504  has a first Z-height dimension  506  that does not include a portion of folded optics arrangement camera  512  extending out into turret  502  and a second Z-height dimension  508  that is greater than first Z-height dimension  506  and that includes a distance for which folded optics arrangement camera  512  extends out into turret  502 , which in turn extends out from a planar surface of device casing  504 . In some embodiments, a turret  502  may include a window  510  and a portion of folded optics camera  512  may be mounted behind the window  510 . Light may pass through window  510  and enter folded optics camera  512  via aperture  514 . The light may be reflected off of prism  516  and pass through lenses  518  of lens carrier  520 . The light, after passing through lenses  518  of lens carrier  520 , may be reflected off of prism  522  and directed to image sensor  524  of folded optics arrangement camera  512 . In some embodiments, lens carrier  520  may have a travel distance  526  between prism  516  and  522  wherein a position of the lens carrier along travel distance  526  is adjusted to focus the folded optics arrangement camera  512 . 
     In some embodiments, the first Z-height dimension of the folded optics arrangement camera  512  (also referred to as a shoulder height) may be between 4 and 5 millimeters. The first Z-height dimension may correspond to a portion of the folded optics arrangement camera  512  that is positioned beneath a shoulder  528  of the turret  502 . In some embodiments, the second Z-height dimension of the folded optics arrangement camera  512  (also referred to as a turret height) may be between 7 and 8 millimeters and may correspond to a portion of the folded optics arrangement camera  512  that extends out into the turret  502 . In some embodiments, the length of the folded optics arrangement camera  512  may be less than 20 millimeters and the width of the folded optics arrangement camera  512  may be less than 13 millimeters. In some embodiments, other ones of the folded optics arrangement cameras described herein, such as in  FIGS.  1 - 4  and  6 - 16    may have similar dimensions as folded optics camera  512  and may fit partially within a turret of a device case, as shown in  FIG.  5   . 
     In some embodiments, suspension wires of an actuator assembly, such as the suspension wires discussed in regard to  FIGS.  3 - 4   , may be oriented in a direction perpendicular to a height of a turret, such as turret  502 . Also, because the suspension wires run perpendicular to the turret height, the length of the suspension wires may be independent of the turret height, e.g. the length of the suspension wires is de-coupled from the turret height. 
       FIG.  6 A  is a perspective view of an assembled folded optics arrangement camera that includes voice coil motor actuators and a horizontal suspension wire arrangement, according to some embodiments. For example, the folded optics arrangement camera and actuator assembly illustrated in  FIG.  6 A  may be the same as folded optics arrangement camera  300  illustrated in  FIGS.  3  and  4   . 
       FIG.  6 B  is a zoomed-in perspective view illustrating horizontal suspension wires of a folded optics arrangement camera, according to some embodiments. As shown in  FIG.  6 B , bracket  406  that includes flex tabs  402  and  404  is mounted to carrier frame  304 . Suspension wires  416  and  412  are connected at respective first ends to flex tabs  402  and  404 , respectively, and are connected at respective second ends to base pads  602  and  604 . In some embodiments, any of the base pads  350  described above in regard to  FIG.  3    may be arranged in a similar manner as base pads  602  and  604  illustrated in  FIG.  6 B . In some embodiments, each of the suspension wires  326 ,  328 ,  352 ,  354 ,  412 ,  414 ,  416 , and  418  may be connected at a first end to a flex tab of a bracket mounted to the carrier frame  304  and may be connected at a second end to a base pad mounted in a static base of a static wall structure, such as base pads  602  and  604  mounted in static base  606  of a static wall structure of static structure  306 . In some embodiments, channel  408  may be filled with a viscous material such as a gel or rubber that provides damping to the actuator assembly (e.g. to carrier frame  304 ). In some embodiments, the static base  606  may be made of a plastic material and base pads  602  and  604  may be metal inserts embedded in the plastic material of the static base. In some embodiments, a carrier frame may be pre-assembled with attached brackets that include flex tabs and attached suspension wires attached to the flex tabs. In some embodiments, to assemble an actuator assembly, after placing carrier frame  304  into static structure  306 , loose ends of the suspension wires may be soldered to respective base pads. 
       FIG.  6 C  is a top view of a folded optics arrangement camera that includes voice coil motor actuators and a horizontal suspension wire arrangement, according to some embodiments. 
     As shown in  FIG.  6 C , carrier frame  304  is mounted within wall structures of static structure  306 . For example, carrier frame  304  is mounted within boundaries defined by static bases  602 ,  604 ,  606 , and  608  of static structure  306  and wall structure  340  of static structure  306 . In some embodiments tabs  608  and  612  each include a respective OIS-Y coil and are bent up to fit within an opening between static base  602  and  604 , and an opening between static base  606  and  608 , respectively. Also, tab  614  is bent up to fit within an opening of wall structure  340 . In some embodiments, tabs  610 ,  612 , and  614  are part of a common assembly included in static structure  306  or coupled to static structure  306 . For example, in some embodiments, tabs  610 ,  612 , and  614  are tabs of a sheet metal structure that is included in or coupled to static structure  306 , and that are bent up around carrier frame  304 . 
     Also, as shown in  FIG.  6 C , carrier frame  304  may be a magnet holder in addition to being a carrier frame for the lens carrier  302 . For example, single pole OIS-Y magnet  360  may be mounted on a first side of carrier frame  304  and an additional single pole OIS-Y magnet  616  may be mounted on an opposite side of carrier frame  304 . Additionally, dual pole OIS-Z magnet  362  may be mounted on a third side of carrier frame  304  orthogonal to the first side of carrier frame  304 . In some embodiments, a set of two suspension wires may mechanically connect each corner of carrier frame  304  to respective ones of the static bases. For example a set of two suspension wires  618  may connect a first corner of carrier frame  304  to static base  602 . Another set of two suspension wires  620  may connect a second corner of carrier frame  304  to static base  604 . Also, a set of suspension wires  622  may connect a third corner of carrier frame  304  to static base  606  and a set of suspension wires  624  may connect a fourth corner of carrier frame  304  to static base  608 . 
     In some embodiments, an actuator assembly may include a total of eight suspension wires with two suspension wires connected to each corner of a carrier frame. In some embodiments, other combinations of suspension wires may be used. In some embodiments, using two suspension wires for each corner of a carrier frame may reduce a tilt mode of the carrier frame as compared to using a single suspension wire. This is because the two suspension wires may provide a more stable base as compared to a single point connection. Additionally, use of two suspension wires may reduce stresses experienced by the suspension wires by distributing forces across the set of two suspension wires. 
       FIG.  7 A  is a perspective view of lens carrier of a folded optics arrangement camera, according to some embodiments. 
       FIG.  7 A  illustrates lens carrier  302  and suspension springs  372  and  374 . In some embodiments, a lens carrier, such as lens carrier  302 , may include multiple lenses  702 . In some embodiments, a lens carrier, such as lens carrier  302 , may also include a lens carrier casing  704  that is angled along the optical axis of the lens carrier such that a height of the lens carrier casing at a first end is lower than a height of the lens carrier casing at a second end. In some embodiments, an angled lens carrier casing may fit under a shoulder of a turret as shown in  FIG.  5   . In some embodiments, suspension springs  372  may restrict vertical or Z-motion of the lens carrier, but allow motion of the lens carrier along an optical axis running through the lenses  702 . In some embodiments, suspension springs  374  may restrict side-to-side motion or Y-motion of the lens carrier, but allow motion of the lens carrier along the optical axis. In some embodiments, a lens carrier may be connected to a carrier frame using a greater quantity of lower suspension springs  374  than upper suspension springs  372 . In some embodiments, no upper suspension springs  372  may be connected to an angled lower end of the lens carrier casing  704 . 
     In some embodiments, a lens carrier may be coupled to a carrier fame using fewer than eight suspension springs. In some embodiments, upper suspension springs  372  and lower suspension springs  374  may have different spring coefficients (k). In some embodiments, spring coefficients (k) for the upper suspension springs  372  and the lower suspension springs  374  may be selected such that the lens carrier and carrier frame assembly have a first mode of free rotational normal vibration about the optical axis running through lenses  702 . 
       FIG.  7 B  is a zoomed-in perspective view of suspension springs associated with the lens carrier illustrated in  FIG.  7 A , according to some embodiments. 
     As shown in  FIG.  7 B  suspension springs (e.g. suspension springs  372  and  374 ) may mechanically connect a lens carrier  302  to a carrier frame  304  that is mounted within a static structure  306 , wherein the carrier frame  304  is coupled to the static structure  306  via suspension wires as described herein. 
       FIG.  8 A  illustrates a perspective view of a lens carrier of a folded optics arrangement camera, wherein the lens carrier translates along an optical axis relative to a carrier frame of the folded optics arrangement camera, according to some embodiments. 
     In some embodiments, lenses, such as lenses  702 , may be mounted in a lens barrel  802  and the lens barrel  802  may mount in a lens carrier  302 , as shown in  FIG.  8 A . In some embodiments, lenses may mount directly in a lens carrier without using a lens barrel, such as lens barrel  802 . 
     In some embodiments, suspension springs  372  and  374  may twist to allow motion in an autofocus or X-direction, but may restrict motion in directions orthogonal to the X-direction, such as the Y-direction or the Z-direction. 
       FIGS.  8 B- 8 C  illustrate elongation of suspension springs that allow motion of a lens carrier along an optical axis of a folded optics arrangement camera, but prevent vertical motion of the lens carrier in directions orthogonal to the optical axis of the folded optics arrangement camera, according to some embodiments. 
     For example, suspension springs  372  may prevent motion in the Z-direction, but may elongate to allow motion of the lens carrier  302  relative to the carrier frame  304  in the X-direction. 
       FIGS.  8 D- 8 E  illustrate elongation of suspension springs that allow motion of a lens carrier along an optical axis of a folded optics arrangement camera, but prevent side-to-side motion of the lens carrier in directions orthogonal to the optical axis of the folded optics arrangement camera, according to some embodiments. 
     As another example, suspension springs  374  may prevent motion in the Y-direction, but may elongate to allow motion of the lens carrier  302  relative to the carrier frame  304  in the X-direction. 
       FIGS.  9 A- 9 B  illustrate a side view of a static structure of a folded optics arrangement camera and motion of a carrier frame of the folded optics arrangement camera relative to the static structure, according to some embodiments. 
     In some embodiments, suspension wires  326 ,  328 ,  352 , and  354  (and other ones of the suspension wires described herein) may be arranged such that the wires do not allow motion of a carrier frame  304  relative to static structure  306  in the X-direction (autofocus direction), but allow motion of the carrier frame  304  relative to the static structure in optical image stabilization directions, such as the Y-direction and the Z-direction. For example, because suspension wires  326  and  328  are arranged in an opposing arrangement in the X-direction, the suspension wires may prevent motion in the X-direction. For example, movement of the carrier frame  304  to the right may be prevented by tension in suspension wires  328  and  354  and movement to the left may be prevented by tension in suspension wires  326  and  352 . However the suspension wires may allow vertical motion of the carrier frame relative to the static structure upwards in the Z-direction as shown in  FIG.  9 A  and may allow vertical motion of the carrier frame relative to the static structure downwards in the Z-direction as shown in  FIG.  9 B . 
     Also, as shown in  FIGS.  9 A and  9 B , coils such as OIS-Y coils  308  may be static, while magnets mounted to carrier frame  304  move with the carrier frame  304  when voice coil motor actuators made up of the respective coils and magnets cause actuation of the carrier frame in the OIS-Y direction (or the OIS-Z direction). 
       FIGS.  10 A- 10 B  illustrate at top view of an end of a carrier frame of a folded optics arrangement camera, wherein the carrier frame moves relative to a static structure of the folded optics arrangement camera, according to some embodiments. 
     As discussed above, in some embodiments, suspension wires  326 ,  328 ,  352 , and  354  (and other ones of the suspension wires described herein) may be arranged such that the wires do not allow motion of a carrier frame  304  relative to static structure  306  in the X-direction (autofocus direction), but allow motion of the carrier frame  304  relative to the static structure in optical image stabilization directions, such as the Y-direction and the Z-direction. 
     For example,  FIG.  10 A  illustrates suspension wires  352  and  416  allowing carrier frame  304  to translate to the left in the Y-direction relative to static structure  306 . Also,  FIG.  10 B  illustrates suspension wires  352  and  416  allowing carrier frame  304  to translate to the right in the Y-direction relative to static structure  306 . 
       FIG.  11    illustrates a first rotational normal mode of free vibration of a folded optics arrangement camera that includes a horizontal suspension wire arrangement, according to some embodiments. 
     As shown in  FIG.  11   , an actuator assembly  1100  comprising a carrier frame  302  and lens carrier  304  mounted in the carrier frame via suspension springs as described above, wherein the carrier frame is mechanically connected to a static structure via suspension wires as described above, may have a first normal mode of rotational free vibration about the optical axis (e.g. the X-axis or the autofocus direction). In some embodiments, a normal mode of rotational free vibration that causes a lens carrier to rotate about an optical axis of a camera may not negatively affect a quality of a captured image. This is because the lenses of the lens carrier may be symmetrical such that rotation of the lenses does not affect how light is altered as the light passes through the lenses of the lens carrier on the way to the image sensor. 
     In some embodiments, a center a first normal mode of rotational free vibration of an actuator assembly  1100  may be adjusted by changing masses of respective components of the actuator assembly  1100 , such as the lens carrier  302  or the carrier frame  304 . Also, the center of the first normal mode of rotational free vibration may be adjusted by changing stiffnesses of springs used to mechanically connect a lens carrier to a carrier frame, such as suspension springs  372  and  374 . For example, in some embodiments, a lens carrier may have a moving mass in the X-direction of approximately 300 milligrams. However, in the OIS-Y direction and the OIS-Z direction the moving mass may include the mass of the lens carrier  302  and the carrier frame  304 . For example the moving mass in the OIS-Y and OIS-Z directions may be approximately 600 milligrams. In some embodiments, the suspension springs (both upper and lower) may have a combined relative spring coefficient (k) of 72 N/m. The suspension wires may have a combined spring coefficient (k) in the Y-direction and in the Z-direction of 80 N/m. In some embodiments, a stroke distance of a lens carrier within a carrier frame may be approximately 200 micrometers. In some embodiments, a stroke distance of a carrier frame in a Y-direction and in a Z-direction may be approximately 150 micrometers, respectively. In some embodiments, coils used in a voice coil motor, such as OIS-Y coils, OIS-Z coils, and/or AF-coils may include 50 or more turns and may produce Lorentz forces of over 2×10{circumflex over ( )}−3 N/A per turn. In some embodiments a voice coil motor actuator may have a sensitivity in an autofocus direction of 2 micrometers per micro amp, a sensitivity in the OIS-Y direction of 2.5 micrometers per micro amp, and a sensitivity in the OIS-Z direction of 3.5 micrometers per micro amp. In some embodiments, the respective spring constants of the suspension springs  372  and  374  may be selected or adjusted such that an axis of rotation in the first normal mode of rotational free vibration passes through the center or near the center of the lenses of the lens carrier. 
     In some embodiments, the first normal mode of rotational free vibration of the actuator assembly  1100  about the optical or X-axis may be excited at a frequency of about 175 Hertz. In some embodiments, other modes of rotational free vibration, such as about the Y-axis or the Z-axis may be excited at frequencies greater than 200 Hertz, but may not be excited at frequencies less than 200 Hertz. 
       FIGS.  12 A- 12 B  illustrate perspective views of a folded optics arrangement camera that includes a voice coil motor (VCM) actuator assembly showing locations of coils and magnets of the VCM actuator assembly, according to some embodiments. 
     In some embodiments, two single pole magnets  360  and  616  are mounted on either side of a carrier frame  304  and interact with OIS-Y coils  308  and  310 , respectively to form a voice coil motor actuator system in the Y-direction. In some embodiments, dual pole magnets  362  are mounted on a third side of a carrier frame  304  and interact with OIS-Z coils  316  to form an additional voice coil motor actuator in the Z direction. In some embodiments, dual pole magnets  376  are mounted on a bottom side of a lens carrier  302  and interact with autofocus coils  320  mounted to static structure  306  (hidden beneath dual pole magnets  376  in  FIG.  12 B ) to form a voice coil motor actuator in the X-direction. 
     In some embodiments, tabs for the respective coils may be inserted into a static structure  306  or otherwise coupled to a static structure  306  to form a common assembly. For example, tab  1202  comprising OIS-Y coil  310 , tab  1204  comprising OIS-Y coil  308 , and tab  1206  comprising OIS-Z coil  316  are inserted or otherwise coupled to static structure  306  and are bent up around carrier frame  304 . 
       FIG.  13    illustrates a perspective view showing relative locations of magnets, coils, and sensors included in a voice coil motor (VCM) actuator assembly of a folded optics arrangement camera, according to some embodiments. 
     For example, an OIS-Y circuit may include OIS-Y coils  308  and  310  positioned opposite of one another on a static structure of a folded optics arrangement camera actuator assembly. Also, single pole magnets  360  and  616  may be mounted to a carrier frame and positioned adjacent to the OIS-Y coils  308  and  310 . Current flow through the OIS-Y coils may induce a magnetic field that interacts with a magnetic field of the respective single pole magnets  360  and  616  to cause one or more forces to be exerted on a carrier frame, wherein the one or more forces act in the Y-direction. In some embodiments, the OIS-Y coils  308  and  310  and associated magnets  360  and  616  may be positioned such that forces exerted on the carrier frame by the combination of OIS-Y coils and magnets act on a center of mass of the carrier frame. 
     In some embodiments, an OIS-Z circuit may include an OIS-Z coil  316 . Current flowing through the OIS-Z coil may induce a magnetic field that interacts with the dual pole magnet  362  to cause a carrier frame to move upwards or downwards in the Z-direction. In some embodiments, an autofocus circuit may include AF-coils  320  mounted on a base of a static structure. A corresponding dual pole magnet  376  may be mounted on a bottom side of a lens carrier and may be positioned above the AF-coils  320  mounted to the static structure. Current flow through the AF-coils  320  may cause one or more forces to be exerted on the lens carrier in either the positive or negative X-direction such that the AF-coils and associated dual pole magnet form a voice coil motor actuator that causes the position of the lens carrier to be adjusted in the X-direction. 
     In some embodiments, hall sensor  318  included in OIS-Z coil  316  measures magnetic field Bx, hall sensor  314  included in OIS-Y coil measures magnetic field By, another hall sensor  312  (not shown in  FIG.  13   ) included in OIS-Y coil  308  measures an additional magnetic field By on another side of the carrier frame, and hall sensor  1302  included in AF-coil  320  measures a magnetic field Bz. 
     In some embodiments, magnetic field measurements from hall sensors  318 ,  314 ,  312 , and  1302  may be used by an actuator controller to adjust a position of a lens carrier in an X-direction and to adjust a position of a carrier frame (and lens carrier mounted within the carrier frame) in a Y-direction and/or Z-direction. 
       FIG.  14    illustrates a block diagram of an example portable multifunction device  1400  that may include a camera having a folded optics arrangement and actuator assembly as described above, in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, the portable multifunction device  1400  may include one or multiple features, components, and/or functionality of embodiments described herein with reference to  FIGS.  1 - 13 ,  15   , and  16 . 
     Camera(s)  1464  is sometimes called an “optical sensor” for convenience, and may also be known as or called an optical sensor system. In some embodiments, camera  1464  may be a folded optics arrangement camera and actuator system as described herein, such as folded optics arrangement camera  300 . Device  1400  may include memory  1402  (which may include one or more computer readable storage mediums), memory controller  1422 , one or more processing units (CPUs)  1420 , peripherals interface  1418 , RF circuitry  1408 , audio circuitry  1410 , speaker  1411 , touch-sensitive display system  1412 , microphone  1413 , input/output (I/O) subsystem  1406 , other input or control devices  1416 , and external port  1424 . Device  1400  may include one or more optical sensors  1464 . These components may communicate over one or more communication buses or signal lines  1403 . 
     It should be appreciated that device  1400  is only one example of a portable multifunction device, and that device  1400  may have more or fewer components than shown, may combine two or more components, or may have a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown in  FIG.  14    may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software, including one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits. 
     Memory  1402  may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Access to memory  1402  by other components of device  1400 , such as CPU  1420  and the peripherals interface  1418 , may be controlled by memory controller  1422 . 
     Peripherals interface  1418  can be used to couple input and output peripherals of the device to CPU  1420  and memory  1402 . The one or more processors  1420  run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in memory  1402  to perform various functions for device  1400  and to process data. 
     In some embodiments, peripherals interface  1418 , CPU  1420 , and memory controller  1422  may be implemented on a single chip, such as chip  1404 . In some other embodiments, they may be implemented on separate chips. 
     RF (radio frequency) circuitry  1408  receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  1408  converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  1408  may include well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RF circuitry  1408  may communicate with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The wireless communication may use any of a variety of communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document. 
     Audio circuitry  1410 , speaker  1411 , and microphone  1413  provide an audio interface between a user and device  1400 . Audio circuitry  1410  receives audio data from peripherals interface  1418 , converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to speaker  1411 . Speaker  1411  converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves. Audio circuitry  1410  also receives electrical signals converted by microphone  1413  from sound waves. Audio circuitry  1410  converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to peripherals interface  1418  for processing. Audio data may be retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory  1402  and/or RF circuitry  1408  by peripherals interface  1418 . In some embodiments, audio circuitry  1410  also includes a headset jack (e.g.,  1512 ,  FIG.  15   ). The headset jack provides an interface between audio circuitry  1410  and removable audio input/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headset with both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input (e.g., a microphone). 
     I/O subsystem  1406  couples input/output peripherals on device  1400 , such as touch screen  1412  and other input control devices  1416 , to peripherals interface  1418 . I/O subsystem  1406  may include display controller  1456  and one or more input controllers  1460  for other input or control devices. The one or more input controllers  1460  receive/send electrical signals from/to other input or control devices  1416 . The other input control devices  1416  may include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s)  1460  may be coupled to any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, infrared port, USB port, and a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g.,  1508 ,  FIG.  15   ) may include an up/down button for volume control of speaker  1411  and/or microphone  1413 . The one or more buttons may include a push button (e.g.,  1506 ,  FIG.  15   ). 
     Touch-sensitive display  1412  provides an input interface and an output interface between the device and a user. Display controller  1456  receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to touch screen  1412 . Touch screen  1412  displays visual output to the user. The visual output may include graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all of the visual output may correspond to user-interface objects. 
     Touch screen  1412  has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor or set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact. Touch screen  1412  and display controller  1456  (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory  1402 ) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on touch screen  1412  and converts the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages or images) that are displayed on touch screen  1412 . In an example embodiment, a point of contact between touch screen  1412  and the user corresponds to a finger of the user. 
     Touch screen  1412  may use LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED (light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologies may be used in other embodiments. Touch screen  1412  and display controller  1456  may detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of a variety of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with touch screen  1412 . In an example embodiment, projected mutual capacitance sensing technology is used. 
     Touch screen  1412  may have a video resolution in excess of 800 dpi. In some embodiments, the touch screen has a video resolution of approximately 860 dpi. The user may make contact with touch screen  1412  using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to work primarily with finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired by the user. 
     In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, device  1400  may include a touchpad (not shown) for activating or deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output. The touchpad may be a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from touch screen  1412  or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen. 
     Device  1400  also includes power system  1462  for powering the various components. Power system  1462  may include a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices. 
     Device  1400  may also include one or more optical sensors or cameras  1464 .  FIG.  14    shows an optical sensor  1464  coupled to optical sensor controller  1458  in I/O subsystem  1406 . Optical sensor  1464  may include charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistors. Optical sensor  1464  receives light from the environment, projected through one or more lens, and converts the light to data representing an image. In conjunction with imaging module  1443  (also called a camera module), optical sensor  1464  may capture still images or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensor  1464  is located on the back of device  1400 , opposite touch screen display  1412  on the front of the device, so that the touch screen display  1412  may be used as a viewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition. In some embodiments, another optical sensor is located on the front of the device so that the user&#39;s image may be obtained for videoconferencing while the user views the other video conference participants on the touch screen display. 
     Device  1400  may also include one or more proximity sensors  1466 .  FIG.  14    shows proximity sensor  1466  coupled to peripherals interface  1418 . Alternately, proximity sensor  1466  may be coupled to input controller  1460  in I/O subsystem  1406 . In some embodiments, the proximity sensor  1466  turns off and disables touch screen  1412  when the multifunction device  1400  is placed near the user&#39;s ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call). 
     Device  1400  includes one or more orientation sensors  1468 . In some embodiments, the one or more orientation sensors  1468  include one or more accelerometers (e.g., one or more linear accelerometers and/or one or more rotational accelerometers). In some embodiments, the one or more orientation sensors  1468  include one or more gyroscopes. In some embodiments, the one or more orientation sensors  1468  include one or more magnetometers. In some embodiments, the one or more orientation sensors  1468  include one or more of global positioning system (GPS), Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), and/or other global navigation system receivers. The GPS, GLONASS, and/or other global navigation system receivers may be used for obtaining information concerning the location and orientation (e.g., portrait or landscape) of device  1400 . In some embodiments, the one or more orientation sensors  1468  include any combination of orientation/rotation sensors.  FIG.  14    shows the one or more orientation sensors  1468  coupled to peripherals interface  1418 . Alternately, the one or more orientation sensors  1468  may be coupled to an input controller  1460  in I/O subsystem  1406 . In some embodiments, information is displayed on the touch screen display  1412  in a portrait view or a landscape view based on an analysis of data received from the one or more orientation sensors  1468 . 
     In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory  1402  include operating system  1426 , communication module (or set of instructions)  1428 , contact/motion module (or set of instructions)  1430 , graphics module (or set of instructions)  1432 , text input module (or set of instructions)  1434 , Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set of instructions)  1435 , arbiter module  1458  and applications (or sets of instructions)  1436 . Furthermore, in some embodiments memory  1402  stores device/global internal state  1457 . Device/global internal state  1457  includes one or more of: active application state, indicating which applications, if any, are currently active; display state, indicating what applications, views or other information occupy various regions of touch screen display  1412 ; sensor state, including information obtained from the device&#39;s various sensors and input control devices  1416 ; and location information concerning the device&#39;s location and/or attitude. 
     Operating system  1426  (e.g., Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components. 
     Communication module  1428  facilitates communication with other devices over one or more external ports  1424  and also includes various software components for handling data received by RF circuitry  1408  and/or external port  1424 . External port  1424  (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connector. 
     Contact/motion module  1430  may detect contact with touch screen  1412  (in conjunction with display controller  1456 ) and other touch sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). In some embodiments, contact/motion module  1430  and display controller  1456  detect contact on a touchpad. Contact/motion module  1430  may detect a gesture input by a user. Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contact patterns. Graphics module  1432  includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics on touch screen  1412  or other display, including components for changing the intensity of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics” includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including without limitation text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations and the like. Text input module  1434 , which may be a component of graphics module  1432 , provides soft keyboards for entering text in various applications (e.g., contacts, e-mail, and any other application that needs text input). GPS module  1435  determines the location of the device and provides this information for use in various applications  1436  (e.g., to a camera application as picture/video metadata). 
     Applications  1436  may include one or more modules (e.g., a contacts module, an email client module, a camera module for still and/or video images, etc.) Examples of other applications  1436  that may be stored in memory  1402  include other word processing applications, other image editing applications, drawing applications, presentation applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice replication. Each of the modules and applications correspond to a set of executable instructions for performing one or more functions described above and the methods described in this application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods described herein). These modules (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  1402  may store a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  1402  may store additional modules and data structures not described above. 
       FIG.  15    depicts an example portable multifunction device  1400  that may include a camera with a folded optics arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, the portable multifunction device  1400  may include one or multiple features, components, and/or functionality of embodiments described herein with reference to  FIGS.  1 - 13  and  16   . 
     The device  1400  may have a touch screen  1412 . The touch screen  1412  may display one or more graphics within user interface (UI)  1500 . In this embodiment, as well as others described below, a user may select one or more of the graphics by making a gesture on the graphics, for example, with one or more fingers  1502  (not drawn to scale in the figure) or one or more styluses  1503  (not shown in  FIG.  15   ). 
     Device  1400  may also include one or more physical buttons, such as “home” or menu button  1504 . As described previously, menu button  1504  may be used to navigate to any application  1436  in a set of applications that may be executed on device  1400 . Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button  1504  is implemented as a soft key in a GUI displayed on touch screen  1412 . 
     In one embodiment, device  1400  includes touch screen  1412 , menu button  1504 , push button  1506  for powering the device on/off and locking the device, volume adjustment button(s)  1508 , Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card slot  1510 , head set jack  1512 , and docking/charging external port  1424 . Push button  1506  may be used to turn the power on/off on the device by depressing the button and holding the button in the depressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by depressing the button and releasing the button before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an unlock process. In an alternative embodiment, device  1400  also may accept verbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions through microphone  1413 . 
     It should be noted that, although many of the examples herein are given with reference to optical sensor(s)/camera(s)  1464  (on the front of a device), one or more rear-facing cameras or optical sensors that are pointed opposite from the display may be used instead of, or in addition to, an optical sensor(s)/camera(s)  1464  on the front of a device. 
       FIG.  16    illustrates an example computer system  1600  that may include a camera with a folded optics arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, the computer system  1600  may include one or multiple features, components, and/or functionality of embodiments described herein with reference to  FIGS.  1 - 15   . 
     The computer system  1600  may be configured to execute any or all of the embodiments described above. In different embodiments, computer system  1600  may be any of various types of devices, including, but not limited to, a personal computer system, desktop computer, laptop, notebook, tablet, slate, pad, or netbook computer, mainframe computer system, handheld computer, workstation, network computer, a camera, a set top box, a mobile device, a consumer device, video game console, handheld video game device, application server, storage device, a television, a video recording device, a peripheral device such as a switch, modem, router, or in general any type of computing or electronic device. 
     Various embodiments of a camera motion control system as described herein, including embodiments of magnetic position sensing, as described herein may be executed in one or more computer systems  1600 , which may interact with various other devices. Note that any component, action, or functionality described above with respect to  FIGS.  1 - 15    may be implemented on one or more computers configured as computer system  1600  of  FIG.  16   , according to various embodiments. In the illustrated embodiment, computer system  1600  includes one or more processors  1610  coupled to a system memory  1620  via an input/output (I/O) interface  1630 . Computer system  1600  further includes a network interface  1640  coupled to I/O interface  1630 , and one or more input/output devices  1650 , such as cursor control device  1660 , keyboard  1670 , and display(s)  1680 . In some cases, it is contemplated that embodiments may be implemented using a single instance of computer system  1600 , while in other embodiments multiple such systems, or multiple nodes making up computer system  1600 , may be configured to host different portions or instances of embodiments. For example, in one embodiment some elements may be implemented via one or more nodes of computer system  1600  that are distinct from those nodes implementing other elements. 
     In various embodiments, computer system  1600  may be a uniprocessor system including one processor  1610 , or a multiprocessor system including several processors  1610  (e.g., two, four, eight, or another suitable number). Processors  1610  may be any suitable processor capable of executing instructions. For example, in various embodiments processors  1610  may be general-purpose or embedded processors implementing any of a variety of instruction set architectures (ISAs), such as the x86, PowerPC, SPARC, or MIPS ISAs, or any other suitable ISA. In multiprocessor systems, each of processors  1610  may commonly, but not necessarily, implement the same ISA. 
     System memory  1620  may be configured to store camera control program instructions  1622  and/or camera control data accessible by processor  1610 . In various embodiments, system memory  1620  may be implemented using any suitable memory technology, such as static random access memory (SRAM), synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM), nonvolatile/Flash-type memory, or any other type of memory. In the illustrated embodiment, program instructions  1622  may be configured to implement a lens control application  1624  incorporating any of the functionality described above. Additionally, existing camera control data  1632  of memory  1620  may include any of the information or data structures described above. In some embodiments, program instructions and/or data may be received, sent or stored upon different types of computer-accessible media or on similar media separate from system memory  1620  or computer system  1600 . While computer system  1600  is described as implementing the functionality of functional blocks of previous Figures, any of the functionality described herein may be implemented via such a computer system. 
     In one embodiment, I/O interface  1630  may be configured to coordinate I/O traffic between processor  1610 , system memory  1620 , and any peripheral devices in the device, including network interface  1640  or other peripheral interfaces, such as input/output devices  1650 . In some embodiments, I/O interface  1630  may perform any necessary protocol, timing or other data transformations to convert data signals from one component (e.g., system memory  1620 ) into a format suitable for use by another component (e.g., processor  1610 ). In some embodiments, I/O interface  1630  may include support for devices attached through various types of peripheral buses, such as a variant of the Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus standard or the Universal Serial Bus (USB) standard, for example. In some embodiments, the function of I/O interface  1630  may be split into two or more separate components, such as a north bridge and a south bridge, for example. Also, in some embodiments some or all of the functionality of I/O interface  1630 , such as an interface to system memory  1620 , may be incorporated directly into processor  1610 . 
     Network interface  1640  may be configured to allow data to be exchanged between computer system  1600  and other devices attached to a network  1685  (e.g., carrier or agent devices) or between nodes of computer system  1600 . Network  1685  may in various embodiments include one or more networks including but not limited to Local Area Networks (LANs) (e.g., an Ethernet or corporate network), Wide Area Networks (WANs) (e.g., the Internet), wireless data networks, some other electronic data network, or some combination thereof. In various embodiments, network interface  1640  may support communication via wired or wireless general data networks, such as any suitable type of Ethernet network, for example; via telecommunications/telephony networks such as analog voice networks or digital fiber communications networks; via storage area networks such as Fibre Channel SANs, or via any other suitable type of network and/or protocol. 
     Input/output devices  1650  may, in some embodiments, include one or more display terminals, keyboards, keypads, touchpads, scanning devices, voice or optical recognition devices, or any other devices suitable for entering or accessing data by one or more computer systems  1600 . Multiple input/output devices  1650  may be present in computer system  1600  or may be distributed on various nodes of computer system  1600 . In some embodiments, similar input/output devices may be separate from computer system  1600  and may interact with one or more nodes of computer system  1600  through a wired or wireless connection, such as over network interface  1640 . 
     As shown in  FIG.  16   , memory  1620  may include program instructions  1622 , which may be processor-executable to implement any element or action described above. In one embodiment, the program instructions may implement the methods described above. In other embodiments, different elements and data may be included. Note that data may include any data or information described above. 
     Those skilled in the art will appreciate that computer system  1600  is merely illustrative and is not intended to limit the scope of embodiments. In particular, the computer system and devices may include any combination of hardware or software that can perform the indicated functions, including computers, network devices, Internet appliances, PDAs, wireless phones, pagers, etc. Computer system  1600  may also be connected to other devices that are not illustrated, or instead may operate as a stand-alone system. In addition, the functionality provided by the illustrated components may in some embodiments be combined in fewer components or distributed in additional components. Similarly, in some embodiments, the functionality of some of the illustrated components may not be provided and/or other additional functionality may be available. 
     Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that, while various items are illustrated as being stored in memory or on storage while being used, these items or portions of them may be transferred between memory and other storage devices for purposes of memory management and data integrity. Alternatively, in other embodiments some or all of the software components may execute in memory on another device and communicate with the illustrated computer system via inter-computer communication. Some or all of the system components or data structures may also be stored (e.g., as instructions or structured data) on a computer-accessible medium or a portable article to be read by an appropriate drive, various examples of which are described above. In some embodiments, instructions stored on a computer-accessible medium separate from computer system  1600  may be transmitted to computer system  1600  via transmission media or signals such as electrical, electromagnetic, or digital signals, conveyed via a communication medium such as a network and/or a wireless link. Various embodiments may further include receiving, sending or storing instructions and/or data implemented in accordance with the foregoing description upon a computer-accessible medium. Generally speaking, a computer-accessible medium may include a non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium or memory medium such as magnetic or optical media, e.g., disk or DVD/CD-ROM, volatile or non-volatile media such as RAM (e.g. SDRAM, DDR, RDRAM, SRAM, etc.), ROM, etc. In some embodiments, a computer-accessible medium may include transmission media or signals such as electrical, electromagnetic, or digital signals, conveyed via a communication medium such as network and/or a wireless link. 
     The methods described herein may be implemented in software, hardware, or a combination thereof, in different embodiments. In addition, the order of the blocks of the methods may be changed, and various elements may be added, reordered, combined, omitted, modified, etc. Various modifications and changes may be made as would be obvious to a person skilled in the art having the benefit of this disclosure. The various embodiments described herein are meant to be illustrative and not limiting. Many variations, modifications, additions, and improvements are possible. Accordingly, plural instances may be provided for components described herein as a single instance. Boundaries between various components, operations and data stores are somewhat arbitrary, and particular operations are illustrated in the context of specific illustrative configurations. Other allocations of functionality are envisioned and may fall within the scope of claims that follow. Finally, structures and functionality presented as discrete components in the example configurations may be implemented as a combined structure or component. These and other variations, modifications, additions, and improvements may fall within the scope of embodiments as defined in the claims that follow.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20221202
Publication Date: 20250114
Grant Date: 20250114
Priority Date: 20180910
Inventors: SHARMA, SHASHANK
JOHNSON, BRAD V.
MIREAULT, ALFRED N.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H04N23/57", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B17/12", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B13/0075", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N23/57", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N23/55", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B2205/0069", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B2205/0023", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B30/00", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B17/17", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B5/00", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B3/10", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B27/646", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B13/0065", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N23/51", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B13/0075", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N23/57", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B17/12", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B13/0075", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N23/51", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 84689587