PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-10891023-B2
Application Number: US-201816223020-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Device, method and graphical user interface for shifting a user interface between positions on a touch-sensitive display in response to detected inputs

Abstract:
A method includes displaying a user interface (UI) in a first position on a touch-sensitive display. While displaying the UI in the first position, the method includes: detecting a first input and, in response: shifting the UI from the first position to a second position including sliding a portion of the UI off the display while maintaining display of another portion, the shifting including removing the UI from a respective region of the display; and displaying at least some of a plurality of UI elements for opening recently used applications in the respective region. While displaying the UI in the second position, the method includes: detecting a second input; and, in response: shifting the UI back from the second position to the first position so that the UI is displayed in the respective region; and ceasing to display the UI elements for opening recently used applications in the respective region.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A method, comprising:
 at an electronic device with a touch-sensitive display:
 displaying a user interface in a first position on the touch-sensitive display; 
 while displaying the user interface in the first position on the touch-sensitive display, detecting a first input; 
 in response to detecting the first input:
 shifting the user interface from the first position to a second position, wherein shifting the user interface from the first position to the second position includes sliding a portion of the user interface off of the touch-sensitive display while maintaining display of at least another portion of the user interface on the touch-sensitive display, wherein the shifting includes removing the user interface from a respective region of the display that was previously occupied by the user interface prior to detecting the first input; and 
 displaying at least some of a plurality of user interface elements for opening recently used applications in the respective region of the display that was previously occupied by the user interface prior to detecting the first input; 
 
 while concurrently displaying the user interface in the second position on the touch-sensitive display along with the plurality of user interface elements for opening recently used applications, detecting a second input; and, 
 in response to detecting the second input:
 in accordance with a determination that the second input is a tap input on the user interface:
 shifting the user interface back from the second position to the first position so that the user interface is displayed in the respective region of the display; and 
 ceasing to display the at least some of the plurality of user interface elements for opening recently used applications in the respective region of the display; and 
 
 in accordance with a determination that the second input is a swipe input at a location corresponding to the plurality of user interface elements, replacing at least some of the plurality of user interface elements for opening recently used applications with one or more other user interface elements for opening recently used applications. 
 
 
 
     
     
       2. The method of  claim 1 , wherein:
 detecting the first input comprises detecting the first input over a predefined control of the electronic device. 
 
     
     
       3. The method of  claim 2 , wherein the first input is a gesture on the display of the electronic device. 
     
     
       4. The method of  claim 3 , wherein the first input does not include a directional component in a lateral direction. 
     
     
       5. The method of  claim 2 , wherein the predefined control is a button of the electronic device. 
     
     
       6. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 before detecting the second input and while the at least some of the plurality of user interface elements for opening recently used applications are displayed in the respective region of the display:
 detecting a scroll gesture within the respective region of the display while the user interface elements for opening recently used applications are displayed in the respective region of the display; and 
 in response to detecting the scroll gesture, scrolling the user interface elements for opening recently used applications to reveal at least one additional user interface element for opening another recently used application within the respective region of the display. 
 
 
     
     
       7. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the second input includes an input detected on the portion of the user interface displayed on the touch-sensitive display. 
     
     
       8. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the user interface is an application view. 
     
     
       9. The method of  claim 8 , wherein the application view is displayed in the first position and the second position without concurrently displaying any other application view. 
     
     
       10. The method of  claim 1 , wherein shifting the user interface from the first position to the second position includes displaying an animation of the user interface sliding along the display. 
     
     
       11. The method of  claim 1 , wherein shifting the user interface from the second position to the first position includes displaying an animation of the user interface sliding along the display. 
     
     
       12. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions that, when executed by an electronic device with a touch-sensitive display, cause the device to:
 display a user interface in a first position on the touch-sensitive display; 
 while displaying the user interface in the first position on the touch-sensitive display, detect a first input; 
 in response to detecting the first input:
 shift the user interface from the first position to a second position, wherein shifting the user interface from the first position to the second position includes sliding a portion of the user interface off of the touch-sensitive display while maintaining display of at least another portion of the user interface on the touch-sensitive display, wherein the shifting includes removing the user interface from a respective region of the display that was previously occupied by the user interface prior to detecting the first input; and 
 display at least some of a plurality of user interface elements for opening recently used applications in the respective region of the display that was previously occupied by the user interface prior to detecting the first input; 
 
 while concurrently displaying the user interface in the second position on the touch-sensitive display along with the plurality of user interface elements for opening recently used applications, detect a second input; and, 
 in response to detecting the second input:
 in accordance with a determination that the second input is a tap input on the user interface:
 shift the user interface back from the second position to the first position so that the user interface is displayed in the respective region of the display; and 
 cease to display the at least some of the plurality of user interface elements for opening recently used applications in the respective region of the display; and 
 
 in accordance with a determination that the second input is a swipe input at a location corresponding to the plurality of user interface elements, replace at least some of the plurality of user interface elements for opening recently used applications with one or more other user interface elements for opening recently used applications. 
 
 
     
     
       13. An electronic device, comprising:
 a touch-sensitive display; 
 one or more processors; 
 memory; and 
 one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for:
 displaying a user interface in a first position on the touch-sensitive display; 
 while displaying the user interface in the first position on the touch-sensitive display, detecting a first input; 
 in response to detecting the first input:
 shifting the user interface from the first position to a second position, wherein shifting the user interface from the first position to the second position includes sliding a portion of the user interface off of the touch-sensitive display while maintaining display of at least another portion of the user interface on the touch-sensitive display, wherein the shifting includes removing the user interface from a respective region of the display that was previously occupied by the user interface prior to detecting the first input; and 
 displaying at least some of a plurality of user interface elements for opening recently used applications in the respective region of the display that was previously occupied by the user interface prior to detecting the first input; 
 
 while concurrently displaying the user interface in the second position on the touch-sensitive display along with the plurality of user interface elements for opening recently used applications, detecting a second input; and, 
 in response to detecting the second input:
 in accordance with a determination that the second input is a tap input on the user interface:
 shifting the user interface back from the second position to the first position so that the user interface is displayed in the respective region of the display; and 
 ceasing to display the at least some of the plurality of user interface elements for opening recently used applications in the respective region of the display; and 
 
 in accordance with a determination that the second input is a swipe input at a location corresponding to the plurality of user interface elements, replacing at least some of the plurality of user interface elements for opening recently used applications with one or more other user interface elements for opening recently used applications. 
 
 
 
     
     
       14. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 12 , wherein the instructions that cause the electronic device to detect the first input comprise instructions that cause the electronic device to detect the first input over a predefined control of the electronic device. 
     
     
       15. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 14 , wherein the first input is a gesture on the display of the electronic device. 
     
     
       16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 15 , wherein the first input does not include a directional component in a lateral direction. 
     
     
       17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 14 , wherein the predefined control is a button of the electronic device. 
     
     
       18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 12 , including instructions that, when executed by the electronic device, cause the device to:
 before detecting the second input and while the at least some of the plurality of user interface elements for opening recently used applications are displayed in the respective region of the display:
 detect a scroll gesture within the respective region of the display while the user interface elements for opening recently used applications are displayed in the respective region of the display; and 
 in response to detecting the scroll gesture, scroll the user interface elements for opening recently used applications to reveal at least one additional user interface element for opening another recently used application within the respective region of the display. 
 
 
     
     
       19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 12 , wherein the second input includes an input detected on the portion of the user interface displayed on the touch-sensitive display. 
     
     
       20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 12 , wherein the user interface is an application view. 
     
     
       21. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 20 , wherein the application view is displayed in the first position and the second position without concurrently displaying any other application view. 
     
     
       22. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 12 , wherein the instructions that cause the electronic device to shift the user interface from the first position to the second position include instructions that cause the electronic device to display an animation of the user interface sliding along the display. 
     
     
       23. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 12 , wherein the instructions that cause the electronic device to shift the user interface from the second position to the first position include instructions that cause the electronic device to display an animation of the user interface sliding along the display. 
     
     
       24. The electronic device of  claim 13 , wherein:
 the instructions for detecting the first input comprise instructions for detecting the first input over a predefined control of the electronic device. 
 
     
     
       25. The electronic device of  claim 24 , wherein the first input is a gesture on the display of the electronic device. 
     
     
       26. The electronic device of  claim 25 , wherein the first input does not include a directional component in a lateral direction. 
     
     
       27. The electronic device of  claim 24 , wherein the predefined control is a button of the electronic device. 
     
     
       28. The electronic device of  claim 13 , wherein the one or more programs further include instructions for:
 before detecting the second input and while the at least some of the plurality of user interface elements for opening recently used applications are displayed in the respective region of the display:
 detecting a scroll gesture within the respective region of the display while the user interface elements for opening recently used applications are displayed in the respective region of the display; and 
 in response to detecting the scroll gesture, scrolling the user interface elements for opening recently used applications to reveal at least one additional user interface element for opening another recently used application within the respective region of the display. 
 
 
     
     
       29. The electronic device of  claim 13 , wherein the second input includes an input detected on the portion of the user interface displayed on the touch-sensitive display. 
     
     
       30. The electronic device of  claim 13 , wherein the user interface is an application view. 
     
     
       31. The electronic device of  claim 30 , wherein the application view is displayed in the first position and the second position without concurrently displaying any other application view. 
     
     
       32. The electronic device of  claim 13 , wherein the instructions for shifting the user interface from the first position to the second position include instructions for displaying an animation of the user interface sliding along the display. 
     
     
       33. The electronic device of  claim 13 , wherein the instructions for shifting the user interface from the second position to the first position include instructions for displaying an animation of the user interface sliding along the display.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/599,339, filed Jan. 16, 2015, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/888,389, filed Sep. 22, 2010, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,058,186, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/321,869, filed Apr. 7, 2010, and each of these applications is incorporated herein by reference in its respective entirety. 
     This application is also related to the following: (1) U.S. application Ser. No. 12/888,381, filed Sep. 22, 2010; (2) U.S. application Ser. No. 12/888,382, filed Sep. 22, 2010; (3) U.S. application Ser. No. 12/888,384, filed Sep. 22, 1010; (4) U.S. application Ser. No. 12/888,386, filed Sep. 22, 2010; and (5) U.S. application Ser. No. 12/888,391, filed Sep. 22, 2010, and each of these applications is incorporated herein by reference in its respective entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This relates generally to portable electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces, including but not limited to portable electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces that are configured to have multiple open software applications. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The use of touch-sensitive surfaces as input devices for computers and other electronic computing devices has increased significantly in recent years. Exemplary touch-sensitive surfaces include touch pads and touch screen displays. Such surfaces are widely used to select, launch, and manage software applications. 
     For portable electronic devices, existing methods for managing concurrently open applications are cumbersome and inefficient. For example, portable devices with small screens (e.g., smart phones and other pocket-sized devices) typically display a single application at a time, even though multiple applications may be running on the device. With such devices, a user may have difficulty seeing and managing the currently open applications. This situation creates a significant cognitive burden on a user. In addition, existing methods for managing currently open applications take longer than necessary, thereby wasting energy. This latter consideration is particularly important in battery-operated devices. 
     SUMMARY 
     Accordingly, there is a need for computing devices with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for managing concurrently open applications. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for managing concurrently open applications. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated computing devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges. 
     The above deficiencies and other problems associated with user interfaces for computing devices with touch-sensitive surfaces are reduced or eliminated by the disclosed devices. In some embodiments, the device is portable (e.g., a notebook computer, tablet computer, or handheld device). In some embodiments, the device has a touchpad. In some embodiments, the device has a touch-sensitive display (also known as a “touch screen” or “touch screen display”). In some embodiments, the device has a graphical user interface (GUI), one or more processors, memory and one or more modules, programs or sets of instructions stored in the memory for performing multiple functions. In some embodiments, the user interacts with the GUI primarily through finger contacts and gestures on the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the functions may include image editing, drawing, presenting, word processing, website creating, disk authoring, spreadsheet making, game playing, telephoning, video conferencing, e-mailing, instant messaging, workout support, digital photographing, digital videoing, web browsing, digital music playing, and/or digital video playing. Executable instructions for performing these functions may be included in a computer readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display. The method includes displaying a first application view on the touch-sensitive display that corresponds to a first application in a plurality of concurrently open applications. The first application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The method also includes detecting a first input, and in response to detecting the first input, entering an application view selection mode for selecting one of the concurrently open applications for display in a corresponding application view, displaying in a first predefined area an initial group of open application icons that correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications, and concurrently displaying at least a portion of the first application view adjacent to the first predefined area. The method further includes detecting a gesture on a respective open application icon in the first predefined area, and, in response to detecting the gesture on the respective open application icon, displaying a respective application view on the touch-sensitive display for a corresponding application in the plurality of concurrently open applications, ceasing to display open application icons in the first predefined area, and exiting the application view selection mode. The respective application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a multifunction device includes a touch-sensitive display, one or more processors, memory, and one or more programs. The one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors. The one or more programs include instructions for displaying a first application view on the touch-sensitive display that corresponds to a first application in a plurality of concurrently open applications. The first application view is displayed without con currently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The one or more programs also include instructions for detecting a first input, and in response to detecting the first input, entering an application view selection mode for selecting one of the concurrently open applications for display in a corresponding application view, displaying in a first predefined area an initial group of open application icons that correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications, and concurrently displaying at least a portion of the first application view adjacent to the first predefined area. The one or more programs furthermore include instructions for detecting a gesture on a respective open application icon in the first predefined area, and in response to detecting the gesture on the respective open application icon, displaying a respective application view on the touch-sensitive display for a corresponding application in the plurality of concurrently open applications, ceasing to display open application icons in the first predefined area, and exiting the application view selection mode. The respective application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface on a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display, a memory, and one or more processors to execute one or more programs stored in the memory includes a first application view on the touch-sensitive display that corresponds to a first application in a plurality of concurrently open applications. The first application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. A first input is detected. In response to detecting the first input, an application view selection mode for selecting one of the concurrently open applications for display in a corresponding application view is entered, an initial group of open application icons that correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications is displayed in a first predefined area, and at least a portion of the first application view is concurrently displayed adjacent to the first predefined area. A gesture is detected on a respective open application icon in the first predefined area. In response to detecting the gesture on the respective open application icon, a respective application view is displayed on the touch-sensitive display for a corresponding application in the plurality of concurrently open applications, open application icons cease to be displayed in the first predefined area, and the application view selection mode is exited. The respective application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computer readable storage medium has stored therein instructions which when executed by a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display, cause the device to display a first application view on the touch-sensitive display that corresponds to a first application in a plurality of concurrently open applications. The first application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The instructions also cause the device to detect a first input, and in response to detecting the first input, enter an application view selection mode for selecting one of the concurrently open applications for display in a corresponding application view, display in a first predefined area an initial group of open application icons that correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications, and concurrently display at least a portion of the first application view adjacent to the first predefined area. The instructions furthermore cause the device to detect a gesture on a respective open application icon in the first predefined area, and in response to detecting the gesture on the respective open application icon, display a respective application view on the touch-sensitive display for a corresponding application in the plurality of concurrently open applications, cease to display open application icons in the first predefined area, and exit the application view selection mode. The respective application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a multifunction device includes a touch-sensitive display, and means for displaying a first application view on the touch-sensitive display that corresponds to a first application in a plurality of concurrently open applications. The first application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The multifunction device also includes means for detecting a first input, and means, responsive to detecting the first input, including: means for entering an application view selection mode for selecting one of the concurrently open applications for display in a corresponding application view, means for displaying in a first predefined area an initial group of open application icons that correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications, and means for concurrently displaying at least a portion of the first application view adjacent to the first predefined area. The multifunction device furthermore includes means for detecting a gesture on a respective open application icon in the first predefined area, and means, responsive to detecting the gesture on the respective open application icon, including: means for displaying a respective application view on the touch-sensitive display for a corresponding application in the plurality of concurrently open applications, means for ceasing to display open application icons in the first predefined area, and means for exiting the application view selection mode. The respective application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an information processing apparatus for use in a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display includes means for displaying a first application view on the touch-sensitive display that corresponds to a first application in a plurality of concurrently open applications. The first application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The information processing apparatus includes means for detecting a first input, and means, responsive to detecting the first input, including: means for entering an application view selection mode for selecting one of the concurrently open applications for display in a corresponding application view, means for displaying in a first predefined area an initial group of open application icons that correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications, and means for concurrently displaying at least a portion of the first application view adjacent to the first predefined area. The information processing apparatus furthermore includes means for detecting a gesture on a respective open application icon in the first predefined area, and means, responsive to detecting the gesture on the respective open application icon, including: means for displaying a respective application view on the touch-sensitive display for a corresponding application in the plurality of concurrently open applications, means for ceasing to display open application icons in the first predefined area, and means for exiting the application view selection mode. The respective application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display. The method includes displaying a first application view on the touch-sensitive display that corresponds to a first application in a plurality of concurrently open applications. The first application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The method also includes detecting a first input, and in response to detecting the first input, entering an application view selection mode for selecting one of the concurrently open applications for display in a corresponding application view, and displaying in a predefined area images of open applications that correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications. The images of open applications are displayed in a three-dimensional stack extending backwards on the display. The method furthermore includes detecting a gesture on a respective image of an open application in the three-dimensional stack, and in response to detecting the gesture on the respective image of the open application, displaying a respective application view on the touch-sensitive display for a corresponding application in the plurality of concurrently open applications, ceasing to display the three-dimensional stack of images of open applications, and exiting the application view selection mode. The respective application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a multifunction device includes a touch-sensitive display, one or more processors, memory, and one or more programs. The one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors. The one or more programs include instructions for displaying a first application view on the touch-sensitive display that corresponds to a first application in a plurality of concurrently open applications. The first application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The one or more programs also include instructions for detecting a first input, and in response to detecting the first input, entering an application view selection mode for selecting one of the concurrently open applications for display in a corresponding application view, and displaying in a predefined area images of open applications that correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications. The images of open applications are displayed in a three-dimensional stack extending backwards on the display. The one or more programs furthermore include instructions for detecting a gesture on a respective image of an open application in the three-dimensional stack, and in response to detecting the gesture on the respective image of the open application, displaying a respective application view on the touch-sensitive display for a corresponding application in the plurality of concurrently open applications, ceasing to display the three-dimensional stack of images of open applications, and exiting the application view selection mode. The respective application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface on a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display, a memory, and one or more processors to execute one or more programs stored in the memory includes a first application view on the touch-sensitive display that corresponds to a first application in a plurality of concurrently open applications. The first application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. A first input is detected. In response to detecting the first input, an application view selection mode for selecting one of the concurrently open applications for display in a corresponding application view is entered, and images of open applications that correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications are displayed in a predefined area. The images of open applications are displayed in a three-dimensional stack extending backwards on the display. A gesture is detected on a respective image of an open application in the three-dimensional stack. In response to detecting the gesture on the respective image of the open application, a respective application view is displayed on the touch-sensitive display for a corresponding application in the plurality of concurrently open applications, the three-dimensional stack of images of open applications ceases to be displayed, and the application view selection mode is exited. The respective application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computer readable storage medium has stored therein instructions which when executed by a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display, cause the device to display a first application view on the touch-sensitive display that corresponds to a first application in a plurality of concurrently open applications. The first application view is displayed without con currently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The instructions also cause the device to detect a first input, and in response to detecting the first input, enter an application view selection mode for selecting one of the concurrently open applications for display in a corresponding application view, and display in a predefined area images of open applications that correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications. The images of open applications are displayed in a three-dimensional stack extending backwards on the display. The instructions furthermore cause the device to detect a gesture on a respective image of an open application in the three-dimensional stack, and in response to detecting the gesture on the respective image of the open application, display a respective application view on the touch-sensitive display for a corresponding application in the plurality of concurrently open applications, cease to display the three-dimensional stack of images of open applications, and exit the application view selection mode. The respective application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a multifunction device includes a touch-sensitive display, and means for displaying a first application view on the touch-sensitive display that corresponds to a first application in a plurality of concurrently open applications. The first application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The multifunction device also includes means for detecting a first input, and means, responsive to detecting the first input, including: means for entering an application view selection mode for selecting one of the concurrently open applications for display in a corresponding application view, and means for displaying in a predefined area images of open applications that correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications. The images of open applications are displayed in a three-dimensional stack extending backwards on the display. The multifunction device furthermore includes means for detecting a gesture on a respective image of an open application in the three-dimensional stack, and means, responsive to detecting the gesture on the respective image of the open application, including: means for displaying a respective application view on the touch-sensitive display for a corresponding application in the plurality of concurrently open applications, means for ceasing to display the three-dimensional stack of images of open applications, and means for exiting the application view selection mode. The respective application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an information processing apparatus for use in a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display includes means for displaying a first application view on the touch-sensitive display that corresponds to a first application in a plurality of concurrently open applications. The first application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The information processing apparatus also includes means for detecting a first input, and means, responsive to detecting the first input, including: means for entering an application view selection mode for selecting one of the concurrently open applications for display in a corresponding application view, and means for displaying in a predefined area images of open applications that correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications. The images of open applications are displayed in a three-dimensional stack extending backwards on the display. The information processing apparatus furthermore includes means for detecting a gesture on a respective image of an open application in the three-dimensional stack, and means, responsive to detecting the gesture on the respective image of the open application, including: means for displaying a respective application view on the touch-sensitive display for a corresponding application in the plurality of concurrently open applications, means for ceasing to display the three-dimensional stack of images of open applications, and means for exiting the application view selection mode. The respective application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display. The method includes displaying a first application view at a first size on the touch-sensitive display. The first application view corresponds to a first application in a plurality of concurrently open applications, and the first application view is displayed without concurrently displaying at the first size an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The method also includes detecting a first input, and in response to detecting the first input, entering an application view selection mode for selecting one of the concurrently open applications for display in a corresponding application view, and displaying images of open applications in a predefined area. Each image is displayed at a second size that is smaller than the first size, and the images correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications. The method further includes detecting a gesture on a respective image of an open application in the predefined area, and in response to detecting the gesture on the respective image, displaying a respective application view at the first size on the touch-sensitive display for a corresponding application in the plurality of concurrently open applications, ceasing to display the images in the predefined area, and exiting the application view selection mode. The respective application view is displayed without concurrently displaying at the first size an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a multifunction device includes a touch-sensitive display, one or more processors, memory, and one or more programs. The one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors. The one or more programs include instructions for displaying a first application view at a first size on the touch-sensitive display. The first application view corresponds to a first application in a plurality of concurrently open applications, and the first application view is displayed without concurrently displaying at the first size an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The one or more programs also include instructions for detecting a first input, and in response to detecting the first input, entering an application view selection mode for selecting one of the concurrently open applications for display in a corresponding application view, and displaying images of open applications in a predefined area. Each image is displayed at a second size that is smaller than the first size, and the images correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications. The one or more programs furthermore include instructions for detecting a gesture on a respective image of an open application in the predefined area, and in response to detecting the gesture on the respective image, displaying a respective application view at the first size on the touch-sensitive display for a corresponding application in the plurality of concurrently open applications, ceasing to display the images in the predefined area, and exiting the application view selection mode. The respective application view is displayed without concurrently displaying at the first size an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface on a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display, a memory, and one or more processors to execute one or more programs stored in the memory includes a first application view at a first size on the touch-sensitive display. The first application view corresponds to a first application in a plurality of concurrently open applications, and the first application view is displayed without concurrently displaying at the first size an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. A first input is detected. In response to detecting the first input, an application view selection mode for selecting one of the concurrently open applications for display in a corresponding application view is entered, and images of open applications are displayed in a predefined area. Each image is displayed at a second size that is smaller than the first size, and the images correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications. A gesture is detected on a respective image of an open application in the predefined area. In response to detecting the gesture on the respective image, a respective application view is displayed at the first size on the touch-sensitive display for a corresponding application in the plurality of concurrently open applications, the images in the predefined area cease to display, and the application view selection mode is exited. The respective application view is displayed without concurrently displaying at the first size an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computer readable storage medium has stored therein instructions which when executed by a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display, cause the device to display a first application view at a first size on the touch-sensitive display. The first application view corresponds to a first application in a plurality of concurrently open applications, and the first application view is displayed without concurrently displaying at the first size an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The instructions also cause the device to detect a first input, and in response to detecting the first input, enter an application view selection mode for selecting one of the concurrently open applications for display in a corresponding application view, and display images of open applications in a predefined area. Each image is displayed at a second size that is smaller than the first size, and the images correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications. The instructions furthermore cause the device to detect a gesture on a respective image of an open application in the predefined area, and in response to detecting the gesture on the respective image, display a respective application view at the first size on the touch-sensitive display for a corresponding application in the plurality of concurrently open applications, cease to display the images in the predefined area, and exit the application view selection mode. The respective application view is displayed without concurrently displaying at the first size an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a multifunction device includes a touch-sensitive display, and means for displaying a first application view at a first size on the touch-sensitive display. The first application view corresponds to a first application in a plurality of concurrently open applications, and the first application view is displayed without concurrently displaying at the first size an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The multifunction device also includes means for detecting a first input, and means, responsive to detecting the first input, including: means for entering an application view selection mode for selecting one of the concurrently open applications for display in a corresponding application view, and means for displaying in a predefined area images of open applications. Each image is displayed at a second size that is smaller than the first size, and the images correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications. The multifunction device furthermore includes means for detecting a gesture on a respective image of an open application in the predefined area, and means, responsive to detecting the gesture on the respective image, including: means for displaying a respective application view at the first size on the touch-sensitive display for a corresponding application in the plurality of concurrently open applications, means for ceasing to display the images in the predefined area, and means for exiting the application view selection mode. The respective application view is displayed without concurrently displaying at the first size an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an information processing apparatus for use in a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display includes means for displaying a first application view at a first size on the touch-sensitive display. The first application view corresponds to a first application in a plurality of concurrently open applications, and the first application view is displayed without concurrently displaying at the first size an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The information processing apparatus also includes means for detecting a first input, and means, responsive to detecting the first input, including: means for entering an application view selection mode for selecting one of the concurrently open applications for display in a corresponding application view, and means for displaying in a predefined area images of open applications. Each image is displayed at a second size that is smaller than the first size, and the images correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications. The information processing apparatus furthermore includes means for detecting a gesture on a respective image of an open application in the predefined area, and means, responsive to detecting the gesture on the respective image, including: means for displaying a respective application view at the first size on the touch-sensitive display for a corresponding application in the plurality of concurrently open applications, means for ceasing to display the images in the predefined area, and means for exiting the application view selection mode. The respective application view is displayed without concurrently displaying at the first size an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display. The method includes displaying a first application view at a first size the touch-sensitive display. The first application view corresponds to a first application in a plurality of concurrently open applications, and the first application view is displayed without concurrently displaying at the first size an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The method also includes concurrently displaying in a predefined area images of open applications. Each image is displayed at a second size that is smaller than the first size, and the images correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications. The method furthermore includes detecting a gesture on a respective image of an open application in the predefined area, and in response to detecting the gesture on the respective image, displaying a respective application view at the first size on the touch-sensitive display for a corresponding application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The respective application view is displayed without concurrently displaying at the first size an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a multifunction device includes a touch-sensitive display, one or more processors, memory, and one or more programs. The one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors. The one or more programs include instructions for displaying a first application view at a first size on the touch-sensitive display. The first application view corresponds to a first application in a plurality of concurrently open applications, and the first application view is displayed without concurrently displaying at the first size an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The one or more programs also include instructions for concurrently displaying in a predefined area images of open applications. Each image is displayed at a second size that is smaller than the first size, and the images correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications. The one or more programs furthermore include instructions for detecting a gesture on a respective image of an open application in the predefined area, and in response to detecting the gesture on the respective image, displaying a respective application view at the first size on the touch-sensitive display for a corresponding application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The respective application view is displayed without concurrently displaying at the first size an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface on a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display, a memory, and one or more processors to execute one or more programs stored in the memory includes a first application view at a first size on the touch-sensitive display. The first application view corresponds to a first application in a plurality of concurrently open applications, and the first application view is displayed without concurrently displaying at the first size an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The graphical user interface also includes concurrent display of images of open applications in a predefined area. Each image is displayed at a second size that is smaller than the first size, and the images correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications. A gesture is detected on a respective image of an open application in the predefined area. In response to detecting the gesture on the respective image, a respective application view is displayed at the first size on the touch-sensitive display for a corresponding application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The respective application view is displayed without concurrently displaying at the first size an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computer readable storage medium has stored therein instructions which when executed by a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display, cause the device to display a first application view at a first size on the touch-sensitive display. The first application view corresponds to a first application in a plurality of concurrently open applications, and the first application view is displayed without concurrently displaying at the first size an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The instructions also cause the device to concurrently display images of open applications in a predefined area. Each image is displayed at a second size that is smaller than the first size, and the images correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications. The instructions furthermore cause the device to detect a gesture on a respective image of an open application in the predefined area, and in response to detecting the gesture on the respective image, display a respective application view at the first size on the touch-sensitive display for a corresponding application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The respective application view is displayed without concurrently displaying at the first size an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a multifunction device includes a touch-sensitive display and means for displaying a first application view at a first size on the touch-sensitive display. The first application view corresponds to a first application in a plurality of concurrently open applications, and the first application view is displayed without concurrently displaying at the first size an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The multifunction device also includes means for concurrently displaying in a predefined area images of open applications. Each image is displayed at a second size that is smaller than the first size, and the images correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications. The multifunction device furthermore includes means for detecting a gesture on a respective image of an open application in the predefined area, and means, responsive to detecting the gesture on the respective image, for displaying a respective application view at the first size on the touch-sensitive display for a corresponding application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The respective application view is displayed without concurrently displaying at the first size an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an information processing apparatus for use in a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display includes means for displaying a first application view at a first size on the touch-sensitive display. The first application view corresponds to a first application in a plurality of concurrently open applications, and the first application view is displayed without concurrently displaying at the first size an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The information processing apparatus also includes means for concurrently displaying in a predefined area images of open applications. Each image is displayed at a second size that is smaller than the first size, and the images correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications. The information processing apparatus furthermore includes means for detecting a gesture on a respective image of an open application in the predefined area, and means, responsive to detecting the gesture on the respective image, for displaying a respective application view at the first size on the touch-sensitive display for a corresponding application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The respective application view is displayed without concurrently displaying at the first size an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display. The method includes performing the following actions, while in an application view selection mode for selecting one of a plurality of concurrently open applications for display in a corresponding application view. The method includes displaying in a predefined area an initial group of open application icons that correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications, detecting a gesture in the predefined area, and in response to detecting the gesture in the predefined area, performing one of the following actions. When the gesture is a first scroll gesture in a first direction, the method includes scrolling to display other open application icons in the plurality of concurrently open application icons in the predefined area. When the gesture is a second scroll gesture in a second direction opposite the first direction, the method includes scrolling to display settings icons in the predefined area. When the gesture is a first gesture on a respective open application icon, the method includes displaying a respective application view on the touch-sensitive display for a corresponding application in the plurality of concurrently open applications, ceasing to display open application icons in the predefined area, and exiting the application view selection mode. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a multifunction device includes a touch-sensitive display, one or more processors, memory, and one or more programs. The one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors. The one or more programs include instructions for performing the following actions, while in an application view selection mode for selecting one of a plurality of concurrently open applications for display in a corresponding application view. The one or more programs include instructions for displaying in a predefined area an initial group of open application icons that correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications, detecting a gesture in the predefined area, and in response to detecting the gesture in the predefined area, performing one of the following actions. The one or more programs include instructions for, when the gesture is a first scroll gesture in a first direction, scrolling to display other open application icons in the plurality of concurrently open application icons in the predefined area. The one or more programs include instructions for, when the gesture is a second scroll gesture in a second direction opposite the first direction, scrolling to display settings icons in the predefined area. The one or more programs include instructions for, when the gesture is a first gesture on a respective open application icon, displaying a respective application view on the touch-sensitive display for a corresponding application in the plurality of concurrently open applications, ceasing to display open application icons in the predefined area, and exiting the application view selection mode. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface on a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display, a memory, and one or more processors to execute one or more programs stored in the memory, displayed while in an application view selection mode for selecting one of a plurality of concurrently open applications for display in a corresponding application view, includes in a predefined area, an initial group of open application icons that correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications. A gesture is detected in the predefined area. In response to detecting the gesture in the predefined area, one of the following actions is performed. When the gesture is a first scroll gesture in a first direction, the at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications are scrolled to display other open application icons in the plurality of concurrently open application icons in the predefined area. When the gesture is a second scroll gesture in a second direction opposite the first direction, the at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications are scrolled to display settings icons in the predefined area. When the gesture is a first gesture on a respective open application icon, a respective application view is displayed on the touch-sensitive display for a corresponding application in the plurality of concurrently open applications, open application icons cease to be displayed in the predefined area, and the application view selection mode is exited. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computer readable storage medium has stored therein instructions which when executed by a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display, cause the device to perform the following actions while in an application view selection mode for selecting one of a plurality of concurrently open applications for display in a corresponding application view. The instructions cause the device to display in a predefined area an initial group of open application icons that correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications, detect a gesture in the predefined area, and in response to detecting the gesture in the predefined area, perform one of the following actions. The instructions cause the device to, when the gesture is a first scroll gesture in a first direction, scroll to display other open application icons in the plurality of concurrently open application icons in the predefined area. The instructions cause the device to, when the gesture is a second scroll gesture in a second direction opposite the first direction, scroll to display settings icons in the predefined area. The instructions cause the device to, when the gesture is a first gesture on a respective open application icon, display a respective application view on the touch-sensitive display for a corresponding application in the plurality of concurrently open applications, cease to display open application icons in the predefined area, and exit the application view selection mode. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a multifunction device includes: a touch-sensitive display and means, enabled while in an application view selection mode for selecting one of a plurality of concurrently open applications for display in a corresponding application view, including: means for displaying in a predefined area an initial group of open application icons that correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications, means for detecting a gesture in the predefined area, and means responsive to detecting the gesture in the predefined area. The means responsive to detecting the gesture in the predefined area include: means, enabled when the gesture is a first scroll gesture in a first direction, for scrolling to display other open application icons in the plurality of concurrently open application icons in the predefined area, means, enabled when the gesture is a second scroll gesture in a second direction opposite the first direction, for scrolling to display settings icons in the predefined area, and means enabled when the gesture is a first gesture on a respective open application icon. The means, enabled when the gesture is a first gesture on a respective open application icon, include: means for displaying a respective application view on the touch-sensitive display for a corresponding application in the plurality of concurrently open applications, means for ceasing to display open application icons in the predefined area, and means for exiting the application view selection mode. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an information processing apparatus for use in a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display includes means, enabled while in an application view selection mode for selecting one of a plurality of concurrently open applications for display in a corresponding application view, including: means for displaying in a predefined area an initial group of open application icons that correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications, means for detecting a gesture in the predefined area, and means responsive to detecting the gesture in the predefined area. The means responsive to detecting the gesture in the predefined area include: means, enabled when the gesture is a first scroll gesture in a first direction, for scrolling to display other open application icons in the plurality of concurrently open application icons in the predefined area, means, enabled when the gesture is a second scroll gesture in a second direction opposite the first direction, for scrolling to display settings icons in the predefined area, and means enabled when the gesture is a first gesture on a respective open application icon. The means, enabled when the gesture is a first gesture on a respective open application icon, include: means for displaying a respective application view on the touch-sensitive display for a corresponding application in the plurality of concurrently open applications, means for ceasing to display open application icons in the predefined area, and means for exiting the application view selection mode. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display. The method includes displaying a first application view at a first size in a first application. The first application view includes a user selectable object associated with a second application that is distinct from the first application. The method also includes detecting a first gesture at a location that corresponds to the user selectable object, and in response to detecting the first gesture, ceasing to display the first application view, and displaying a second application view in the second application. The method furthermore includes, while in the second application, detecting an input, and in response to detecting the input, entering an application view selection mode for selecting one of a plurality of concurrently open applications for display in a corresponding application view, displaying in a first predefined area images of open applications, and displaying in a second predefined area, distinct from the first predefined area, a portion of a view with application icons for launching applications. The images of open applications correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications, each image is displayed at a second size that is smaller than the first size, and the images include an image of the first application view and an image of a view in the second application. The method includes while in the application view selection mode, detecting a second gesture, and in response to detecting the second gesture, performing one of the following actions. The method includes, when the second gesture is at a location corresponding to the image of the first application view, displaying the first application view at the first size in the first application, ceasing to display the images in the first predefined area, and exiting the application view selection mode. The method includes, when the second gesture is at a location corresponding to the second predefined area, displaying the view with application icons for launching applications, ceasing to display the images in the first predefined area, and exiting the application view selection mode. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a multifunction device includes a touch-sensitive display, one or more processors, memory, and one or more programs. The one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors. The one or more programs include instructions for displaying a first application view at a first size in a first application. The first application view including a user selectable object associated with a second application that is distinct from the first application. The one or more programs also include instructions for detecting a first gesture at a location that corresponds to the user selectable object, and in response to detecting the first gesture, ceasing to display the first application view, and displaying a second application view in the second application. The one or more programs furthermore include instructions for, while in the second application, detecting an input, and in response to detecting the input, entering an application view selection mode for selecting one of a plurality of concurrently open applications for display in a corresponding application view, displaying in a first predefined area images of open applications, and displaying in a second predefined area that is distinct from the first predefined area, a portion of a view with application icons for launching applications. The images of open applications correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications, each image is displayed at a second size that is smaller than the first size, and the images include an image of the first application view and an image of a view in the second application. The one or more programs include instructions for, while in the application view selection mode, detecting a second gesture, and in response to detecting the second gesture, performing one of the following actions. The one or more programs include instructions for, when the second gesture is at a location corresponding to the image of the first application view, displaying the first application view at the first size in the first application, ceasing to display the images in the first predefined area, and exiting the application view selection mode. The one or more programs include instructions for, when the second gesture is at a location corresponding to the second predefined area, displaying the view with application icons for launching applications, ceasing to display the images in the first predefined area, and exiting the application view selection mode. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface on a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display, a memory, and one or more processors to execute one or more programs stored in the memory includes a first application view at a first size in a first application. The first application view includes a user selectable object associated with a second application that is distinct from the first application. A first gesture is detected at a location that corresponds to the user selectable object. In response to detecting the first gesture, the first application view ceases to be displayed, and a second application view is displayed in the second application. While in the second application, an input is detected, and in response to detecting the input, an application view selection mode for selecting one of a plurality of concurrently open applications for display in a corresponding application view is entered, images of open applications are displayed in a first predefined area, and a portion of a view with application icons for launching applications is displayed in a second predefined area that is distinct from the first predefined area. The images of open applications correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications, each image is displayed at a second size that is smaller than the first size, and the images include an image of the first application view and an image of a view in the second application. While in the application view selection mode, a second gesture is detected, and in response to detecting the second gesture, one of the following actions is performed. When the second gesture is at a location corresponding to the image of the first application view, the first application view is displayed at the first size in the first application, the images in the first predefined area cease to displayed, and the application view selection mode is exited. When the second gesture is at a location corresponding to the second predefined area, the view with application icons for launching applications is displayed, the images in the first predefined area cease to be displayed, and the application view selection mode is exited. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computer readable storage medium has stored therein instructions which when executed by a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display, cause the device to display a first application view at a first size in a first application. The first application view including a user selectable object associated with a second application that is distinct from the first application. The instructions also cause the device to detect a first gesture at a location that corresponds to the user selectable object, and in response to detecting the first gesture, cease to display the first application view, and display a second application view in the second application. The instructions furthermore cause the device to, while in the second application, detect an input, and in response to detecting the input, enter an application view selection mode for selecting one of a plurality of concurrently open applications for display in a corresponding application view, display in a first predefined area images of open applications, and display in a second predefined area that is distinct from the first predefined area, a portion of a view with application icons for launching applications. The images of open applications correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications, each image is displayed at a second size that is smaller than the first size, and the images include an image of the first application view and an image of a view in the second application. The instructions furthermore cause the device to, while in the application view selection mode, detect a second gesture, and in response to detecting the second gesture, perform one of the following actions. The instructions cause the device to, when the second gesture is at a location corresponding to the image of the first application view, display the first application view at the first size in the first application, cease to display the images in the first predefined area, and exit the application view selection mode. The instructions also cause the device to, when the second gesture is at a location corresponding to the second predefined area, display the view with application icons for launching applications, cease to display the images in the first predefined area, and exit the application view selection mode. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a multifunction device includes a touch-sensitive display, and means for displaying a first application view at a first size in a first application. The first application view includes a user selectable object associated with a second application that is distinct from the first application. The multifunction device includes means for detecting a first gesture at a location that corresponds to the user selectable object, and means, responsive to detecting the first gesture, including: means for ceasing to display the first application view, and means for displaying a second application view in the second application. The multifunction device also includes means, enabled while in the second application, for detecting an input, and means, responsive to detecting the input, including: means for entering an application view selection mode for selecting one of a plurality of concurrently open applications for display in a corresponding application view, means for displaying in a first predefined area images of open applications, and means for displaying in a second predefined area that is distinct from the first predefined area, a portion of a view with application icons for launching applications. The images of open applications correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications, each image is displayed at a second size that is smaller than the first size, and the images include an image of the first application view and an image of a view in the second application. The multifunction device furthermore includes means, enabled while in the application view selection mode, for detecting a second gesture, and means, responsive to detecting the second gesture. The means, responsive to detecting the second gesture, include: means, enabled when the second gesture is at a location corresponding to the image of the first application view, including: means for displaying the first application view at the first size in the first application, means for ceasing to display the images in the first predefined area, and means for exiting the application view selection mode. The means, responsive to detecting the second gesture, include: means, enabled when the second gesture is at a location corresponding to the second predefined area, including: means for displaying the view with application icons for launching applications, means for ceasing to display the images in the first predefined area, and means for exiting the application view selection mode. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an information processing apparatus for use in a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display includes means for displaying a first application view at a first size in a first application. The first application view includes a user selectable object associated with a second application that is distinct from the first application. The information processing apparatus includes means for detecting a first gesture at a location that corresponds to the user selectable object, and means, responsive to detecting the first gesture, including: means for ceasing to display the first application view, and means for displaying a second application view in the second application. The information processing apparatus also includes means, enabled while in the second application, for detecting an input, and means, responsive to detecting the input. The means, responsive to detecting the input, include means for entering an application view selection mode for selecting one of a plurality of concurrently open applications for display in a corresponding application view, means for displaying in a first predefined area images of open applications, and means for displaying in a second predefined area that is distinct from the first predefined area, a portion of a view with application icons for launching applications. The images of open applications correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications, each image is displayed at a second size that is smaller than the first size, and the images include an image of the first application view and an image of a view in the second application. The information processing apparatus furthermore includes means, enabled while in the application view selection mode, for detecting a second gesture, and means, responsive to detecting the second gesture. The means, responsive to detecting the second gesture, include means, enabled when the second gesture is at a location corresponding to the image of the first application view, including: means for displaying the first application view at the first size in the first application, means for ceasing to display the images in the first predefined area, and means for exiting the application view selection mode. The means, responsive to detecting the second gesture, include means, enabled when the second gesture is at a location corresponding to the second predefined area, including: means for displaying the view with application icons for launching applications, means for ceasing to display the images in the first predefined area, and means for exiting the application view selection mode. 
     Thus, multifunction devices with touch-sensitive displays are provided with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for managing concurrently open software applications, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for managing concurrently open software applications. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a better understanding of the aforementioned embodiments of the invention as well as additional embodiments thereof, reference should be made to the Description of Embodiments below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures. 
         FIGS. 1A and 1B  are block diagrams illustrating portable multifunction devices with touch-sensitive displays in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 1C  is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a portable multifunction device having a touch screen in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 4A and 4B  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for a menu of applications on a portable multifunction device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 4C  illustrates an exemplary user interface for a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 5A-5HH  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for selecting one of concurrently open applications in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 6A-6C  are flow diagrams illustrating a method of selecting one of concurrently open applications in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 7  is a flow diagram illustrating a method of selecting one of concurrently open applications in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 8A-8C  are flow diagrams illustrating a method of selecting one of concurrently open applications in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 9  is a flow diagram illustrating a method of selecting concurrently open applications in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 10  is a flow diagram illustrating a method of selecting concurrently open applications in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 11A-11B  are flow diagrams illustrating a method of selecting one of concurrently open applications in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments. 
     It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first contact could be termed a second contact, and, similarly, a second contact could be termed a first contact, without departing from the scope of the present invention. The first contact and the second contact are both contacts, but they are not the same contact. 
     The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in the description of the invention and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     As used herein, the term “if” may be construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” may be construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event],” depending on the context. 
     As used herein, the term “resolution” of a display refers to the number of pixels (also called “pixel counts” or “pixel resolution”) along each axis or in each dimension of the display. For example, a display may have a resolution of 320×480 pixels. Furthermore, as used herein, the term “resolution” of a multifunction device refers to the resolution of a display in the multifunction device. The term “resolution” does not imply any limitations on the size of each pixel or the spacing of pixels. For example, compared to a first display with a 1024×768-pixel resolution, a second display with a 320×480-pixel resolution has a lower resolution. However, it should be noted that the physical size of a display depends not only on the pixel resolution, but also on many other factors, including the pixel size and the spacing of pixels. Therefore, the first display may have the same, smaller, or larger physical size, compared to the second display. 
     As used herein, the term “video resolution” of a display refers to the density of pixels along each axis or in each dimension of the display. The video resolution is often measured in a dots-per-inch (DPI) unit, which counts the number of pixels that can be placed in a line within the span of one inch along a respective dimension of the display. 
     Embodiments of computing devices, user interfaces for such devices, and associated processes for using such devices are described. In some embodiments, the computing device is a portable communications device, such as a mobile telephone, that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/or music player functions. Exemplary embodiments of portable multifunction devices include, without limitation, the iPhone® and iPod Touch® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. Other portable devices, such as laptops or tablet computers with touch-sensitive surfaces (e.g., touch screen displays and/or touch pads), may also be used. It should also be understood that, in some embodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but is a desktop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch screen display and/or a touch pad). 
     In the discussion that follows, a computing device that includes a display and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should be understood, however, that the computing device may include one or more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physical keyboard, a mouse and/or a joystick. 
     The device supports a variety of applications, such as one or more of the following: a drawing application, a presentation application, a word processing application, a website creation application, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheet application, a gaming application, a telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, a workout support application, a photo management application, a digital camera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing application, a digital music player application, and/or a digital video player application. 
     The various applications that may be executed on the device may use at least one common physical user-interface device, such as the touch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitive surface as well as corresponding information displayed on the device may be adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physical architecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the device may support the variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and transparent to the user. 
     The user interfaces may include one or more soft keyboard embodiments. The soft keyboard embodiments may include standard (QWERTY) and/or non-standard configurations of symbols on the displayed icons of the keyboard, such as those described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/459,606, “Keyboards For Portable Electronic Devices,” filed Jul. 24, 2006, and Ser. No. 11/459,615, “Touch Screen Keyboards For Portable Electronic Devices,” filed Jul. 24, 2006, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. The keyboard embodiments may include a reduced number of icons (or soft keys) relative to the number of keys in existing physical keyboards, such as that for a typewriter. This may make it easier for users to select one or more icons in the keyboard, and thus, one or more corresponding symbols. The keyboard embodiments may be adaptive. For example, displayed icons may be modified in accordance with user actions, such as selecting one or more icons and/or one or more corresponding symbols. One or more applications on the device may utilize common and/or different keyboard embodiments. Thus, the keyboard embodiment used may be tailored to at least some of the applications. In some embodiments, one or more keyboard embodiments may be tailored to a respective user. For example, one or more keyboard embodiments may be tailored to a respective user based on a word usage history (lexicography, slang, individual usage) of the respective user. Some of the keyboard embodiments may be adjusted to reduce a probability of a user error when selecting one or more icons, and thus one or more symbols, when using the soft keyboard embodiments. 
     Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable devices with touch-sensitive displays.  FIGS. 1A and 1B  are block diagrams illustrating portable multifunction devices  100  with touch-sensitive displays  112  in accordance with some embodiments. Touch-sensitive display  112  is sometimes called a “touch screen” for convenience, and may also be known as or called a touch-sensitive display system. Device  100  may include memory  102  (which may include one or more computer readable storage mediums), memory controller  122 , one or more processing units (CPU&#39;s)  120 , peripherals interface  118 , RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , input/output (I/O) subsystem  106 , other input or control devices  116 , and external port  124 . Device  100  may include one or more optical sensors  164 . These components may communicate over one or more communication buses or signal lines  103 . 
     It should be appreciated that device  100  is only one example of a portable multifunction device, and that device  100  may have more or fewer components than shown, may combine two or more components, or may have a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown in  FIGS. 1A and 1B  may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both hardware and software, including one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits. 
     Memory  102  may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Access to memory  102  by other components of device  100 , such as CPU  120  and the peripherals interface  118 , may be controlled by memory controller  122 . 
     Peripherals interface  118  can be used to couple input and output peripherals of the device to CPU  120  and memory  102 . The one or more processors  120  run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in memory  102  to perform various functions for device  100  and to process data. 
     In some embodiments, peripherals interface  118 , CPU  120 , and memory controller  122  may be implemented on a single chip, such as chip  104 . In some other embodiments, they may be implemented on separate chips. 
     RF (radio frequency) circuitry  108  receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  108  converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  108  may include well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RF circuitry  108  may communicate with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The wireless communication may use any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document. 
     Audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , and microphone  113  provide an audio interface between a user and device  100 . Audio circuitry  110  receives audio data from peripherals interface  118 , converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to speaker  111 . Speaker  111  converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves. Audio circuitry  110  also receives electrical signals converted by microphone  113  from sound waves. Audio circuitry  110  converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to peripherals interface  118  for processing. Audio data may be retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory  102  and/or RF circuitry  108  by peripherals interface  118 . In some embodiments, audio circuitry  110  also includes a headset jack (e.g.,  212 ,  FIG. 2 ). The headset jack provides an interface between audio circuitry  110  and removable audio input/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headset with both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input (e.g., a microphone). 
     I/O subsystem  106  couples input/output peripherals on device  100 , such as touch screen  112  and other input control devices  116 , to peripherals interface  118 . I/O subsystem  106  may include display controller  156  and one or more input controllers  160  for other input or control devices. The one or more input controllers  160  receive/send electrical signals from/to other input or control devices  116 . The other input control devices  116  may include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s)  160  may be coupled to any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, infrared port, USB port, and a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g.,  208 ,  FIG. 2 ) may include an up/down button for volume control of speaker  111  and/or microphone  113 . The one or more buttons may include a push button (e.g.,  206 ,  FIG. 2 ). A quick press of the push button may disengage a lock of touch screen  112  or begin a process that uses gestures on the touch screen to unlock the device, as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/322,549, “Unlocking a Device by Performing Gestures on an Unlock Image,” filed Dec. 23, 2005, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. A longer press of the push button (e.g.,  206 ) may turn power to device  100  on or off. The user may be able to customize a functionality of one or more of the buttons. Touch screen  112  is used to implement virtual or soft buttons and one or more soft keyboards. 
     Touch-sensitive display  112  provides an input interface and an output interface between the device and a user. Display controller  156  receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to touch screen  112 . Touch screen  112  displays visual output to the user. The visual output may include graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all of the visual output may correspond to user-interface objects. 
     Touch screen  112  has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor or set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact. Touch screen  112  and display controller  156  (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory  102 ) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on touch screen  112  and converts the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages or images) that are displayed on touch screen  112 . In an exemplary embodiment, a point of contact between touch screen  112  and the user corresponds to a finger of the user. 
     Touch screen  112  may use LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED (light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologies may be used in other embodiments. Touch screen  112  and display controller  156  may detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of a plurality of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with touch screen  112 . In an exemplary embodiment, projected mutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in the iPhone® and iPod Touch® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. 
     A touch-sensitive display in some embodiments of touch screen  112  may be analogous to the multi-touch sensitive touchpads described in the following U.S. Pat. No. 6,323,846 (Westerman et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 6,570,557 (Westerman et al.), and/or U.S. Pat. No. 6,677,932 (Westerman), and/or U.S. Patent Publication 2002/0015024A1, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. However, touch screen  112  displays visual output from portable device  100 , whereas touch sensitive touchpads do not provide visual output. 
     A touch-sensitive display in some embodiments of touch screen  112  may be as described in the following applications: (1) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/381,313, “Multipoint Touch Surface Controller,” filed May 2, 2006; (2) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/840,862, “Multipoint Touchscreen,” filed May 6, 2004; (3) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/903,964, “Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jul. 30, 2004; (4) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/048,264, “Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jan. 31, 2005; (5) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/038,590, “Mode-Based Graphical User Interfaces For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jan. 18, 2005; (6) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,758, “Virtual Input Device Placement On A Touch Screen User Interface,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; (7) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,700, “Operation Of A Computer With A Touch Screen Interface,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; (8) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,737, “Activating Virtual Keys Of A Touch-Screen Virtual Keyboard,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; and (9) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/367,749, “Multi-Functional Hand-Held Device,” filed Mar. 3, 2006. All of these applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. 
     Touch screen  112  may have a video resolution in excess of 100 dpi. In some embodiments, the touch screen has a video resolution of approximately 160 dpi. The user may make contact with touch screen  112  using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to work primarily with finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired by the user. 
     In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, device  100  may include a touchpad (not shown) for activating or deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output. The touchpad may be a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from touch screen  112  or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen. 
     In some embodiments, device  100  may include a physical or virtual wheel (e.g., a click wheel) as input control device  116 . A user may navigate among and interact with one or more graphical objects (e.g., icons) displayed in touch screen  112  by rotating the click wheel or by moving a point of contact with the click wheel (e.g., where the amount of movement of the point of contact is measured by its angular displacement with respect to a center point of the click wheel). The click wheel may also be used to select one or more of the displayed icons. For example, the user may press down on at least a portion of the click wheel or an associated button. User commands and navigation commands provided by the user via the click wheel may be processed by input controller  160  as well as one or more of the modules and/or sets of instructions in memory  102 . For a virtual click wheel, the click wheel and click wheel controller may be part of touch screen  112  and display controller  156 , respectively. For a virtual click wheel, the click wheel may be either an opaque or semitransparent object that appears and disappears on the touch screen display in response to user interaction with the device. In some embodiments, a virtual click wheel is displayed on the touch screen of a portable multifunction device and operated by user contact with the touch screen. 
     Device  100  also includes power system  162  for powering the various components. Power system  162  may include a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices. 
     Device  100  may also include one or more optical sensors  164 .  FIGS. 1A and 1B  show an optical sensor coupled to optical sensor controller  158  in I/O subsystem  106 . Optical sensor  164  may include charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistors. Optical sensor  164  receives light from the environment, projected through one or more lens, and converts the light to data representing an image. In conjunction with imaging module  143  (also called a camera module), optical sensor  164  may capture still images or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch screen display  112  on the front of the device, so that the touch screen display may be used as a viewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the front of the device so that the user&#39;s image may be obtained for videoconferencing while the user views the other video conference participants on the touch screen display. In some embodiments, the position of optical sensor  164  can be changed by the user (e.g., by rotating the lens and the sensor in the device housing) so that a single optical sensor  164  may be used along with the touch screen display for both video conferencing and still and/or video image acquisition. 
     Device  100  may also include one or more proximity sensors  166 .  FIGS. 1A and 1B  show proximity sensor  166  coupled to peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, proximity sensor  166  may be coupled to input controller  160  in I/O subsystem  106 . Proximity sensor  166  may perform as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/241,839, “Proximity Detector In Handheld Device”; Ser. No. 11/240,788, “Proximity Detector In Handheld Device”; Ser. No. 11/620,702, “Using Ambient Light Sensor To Augment Proximity Sensor Output”; Ser. No. 11/586,862, “Automated Response To And Sensing Of User Activity In Portable Devices”; and Ser. No. 11/638,251, “Methods And Systems For Automatic Configuration Of Peripherals,” which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. In some embodiments, the proximity sensor turns off and disables touch screen  112  when the multifunction device is placed near the user&#39;s ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call). 
     Device  100  may also include one or more accelerometers  168 .  FIGS. 1A and 1B  show accelerometer  168  coupled to peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, accelerometer  168  may be coupled to an input controller  160  in I/O subsystem  106 . Accelerometer  168  may perform as described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 20050190059, “Acceleration-based Theft Detection System for Portable Electronic Devices,” and U.S. Patent Publication No. 20060017692, “Methods and Apparatuses for Operating a Portable Device Based on an Accelerometer,” both of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. In some embodiments, information is displayed on the touch screen display in a portrait view or a landscape view based on an analysis of data received from the one or more accelerometers. Device  100  optionally includes, in addition to accelerometer(s)  168 , a magnetometer (not shown) and a GPS (or GLONASS or other global navigation system) receiver (not shown) for obtaining information concerning the location and orientation (e.g., portrait or landscape) of device  100 . 
     In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory  102  include operating system  126 , communication module (or set of instructions)  128 , contact/motion module (or set of instructions)  130 , graphics module (or set of instructions)  132 , text input module (or set of instructions)  134 , Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set of instructions)  135 , and applications (or sets of instructions)  136 . Furthermore, in some embodiments memory  102  stores device/global internal state  157 , as shown in  FIGS. 1A, 1B and 3 . Device/global internal state  157  includes one or more of: active application state, indicating which applications, if any, are currently active; display state, indicating what applications, views or other information occupy various regions of touch screen display  112 ; sensor state, including information obtained from the device&#39;s various sensors and input control devices  116 ; and location information concerning the device&#39;s location and/or attitude. 
     Operating system  126  (e.g., Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components. 
     Communication module  128  facilitates communication with other devices over one or more external ports  124  and also includes various software components for handling data received by RF circuitry  108  and/or external port  124 . External port  124  (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the 30-pin connector used on iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) devices. 
     Contact/motion module  130  may detect contact with touch screen  112  (in conjunction with display controller  156 ) and other touch sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). Contact/motion module  130  includes various software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact, such as determining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-down event), determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact). Contact/motion module  130  receives contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which is represented by a series of contact data, may include determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. These operations may be applied to single contacts (e.g., one finger contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g., “multitouch”/multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments, contact/motion module  130  and display controller  156  detects contact on a touchpad. In some embodiments, contact/motion module  130  and controller  160  detects contact on a click wheel. 
     Contact/motion module  130  may detect a gesture input by a user. Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contact patterns. Thus, a gesture may be detected by detecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a finger tap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event at the same position (or substantially the same position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequently followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event. 
     Graphics module  132  includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics on touch screen  112  or other display, including components for changing the intensity of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics” includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including without limitation text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations and the like. 
     In some embodiments, graphics module  132  stores data representing graphics to be used. Each graphic may be assigned a corresponding code. Graphics module  132  receives, from applications etc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with, if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and then generates screen image data to output to display controller  156 . 
     Text input module  134 , which may be a component of graphics module  132 , provides soft keyboards for entering text in various applications (e.g., contacts  137 , e-mail  140 , IM  141 , browser  147 , and any other application that needs text input). 
     GPS module  135  determines the location of the device and provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone  138  for use in location-based dialing, to camera  143  as picture/video metadata, and to applications that provide location-based services such as weather widgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets). 
     Applications  136  may include the following modules (or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof:
         contacts module  137  (sometimes called an address book or contact list);   telephone module  138 ;   video conferencing module  139 ;   e-mail client module  140 ;   instant messaging (IM) module  141 ;   workout support module  142 ;   camera module  143  for still and/or video images;   image management module  144 ;   video player module  145 ;   music player module  146 ;   browser module  147 ;   calendar module  148 ;   widget modules  149 , which may include one or more of: weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  149 - 3 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , dictionary widget  149 - 5 , and other widgets obtained by the user, as well as user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   widget creator module  150  for making user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   search module  151 ;   video and music player module  152 , which merges video player module  145  and music player module  146 ;   notes module  153 ;   map module  154 ; and/or   online video module  155 .       

     Examples of other applications  136  that may be stored in memory  102  include other word processing applications, other image editing applications, drawing applications, presentation applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice replication. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , contacts module  137  may be used to manage an address book or contact list (e.g., stored in application internal state  192  of contacts module  137  in memory  102  or memory  370 ), including: adding name(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book; associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or other information with a name; associating an image with a name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers or e-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications by telephone  138 , video conference  139 , e-mail  140 , or IM  141 ; and so forth. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , telephone module  138  may be used to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers in address book  137 , modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation and disconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As noted above, the wireless communication may use any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , contact list  137 , and telephone module  138 , videoconferencing module  139  includes executable instructions to initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user and one or more other participants in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140  includes executable instructions to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response to user instructions. In conjunction with image management module  144 , e-mail client module  140  makes it very easy to create and send e-mails with still or video images taken with camera module  143 . 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the instant messaging module  141  includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to an instant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit a respective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service (SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-based instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS for Internet-based instant messages), to receive instant messages and to view received instant messages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or received instant messages may include graphics, photos, audio files, video files and/or other attachments as are supported in a MMS and/or an Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging” refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , map module  154 , and music player module  146 , workout support module  142  includes executable instructions to create workouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burning goals); communicate with workout sensors (sports devices); receive workout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout; select and play music for a workout; and display, store and transmit workout data. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor(s)  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and image management module  144 , camera module  143  includes executable instructions to capture still images or video (including a video stream) and store them into memory  102 , modify characteristics of a still image or video, or delete a still image or video from memory  102 . 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and camera module  143 , image management module  144  includes executable instructions to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/or video images. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , and speaker  111 , video player module  145  includes executable instructions to display, present or otherwise play back videos (e.g., on touch screen  112  or on an external, connected display via external port  124 ). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , and browser module  147 , music player module  146  includes executable instructions that allow the user to download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files. In some embodiments, device  100  may include the functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , browser module  147  includes executable instructions to browse the Internet in accordance with user instructions, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portions thereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , calendar module  148  includes executable instructions to create, display, modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendar entries, to do lists, etc.) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , widget modules  149  are mini-applications that may be downloaded and used by a user (e.g., weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  1493 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , and dictionary widget  149 - 5 ) or created by the user (e.g., user-created widget  149 - 6 ). In some embodiments, a widget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In some embodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , the widget creator module  150  may be used by a user to create widgets (e.g., turning a user-specified portion of a web page into a widget). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , search module  151  includes executable instructions to search for text, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory  102  that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , notes module  153  includes executable instructions to create and manage notes, to do lists, and the like in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , and browser module  147 , map module  154  may be used to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data associated with maps (e.g., driving directions; data on stores and other points of interest at or near a particular location; and other location-based data) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , online video module  155  includes instructions that allow the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen or on an external, connected display via external port  124 ), send an e-mail with a link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats, such as H.264. In some embodiments, instant messaging module  141 , rather than e-mail client module  140 , is used to send a link to a particular online video. Additional description of the online video application can be found in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/936,562, “Portable Multifunction Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Playing Online Videos,” filed Jun. 20, 2007, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/968,067, “Portable Multifunction Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Playing Online Videos,” filed Dec. 31, 2007, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
     Each of the above identified modules and applications correspond to a set of executable instructions for performing one or more functions described above and the methods described in this application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods described herein). These modules (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. For example, video player module  145  may be combined with music player module  146  into a single module (e.g., video and music player module  152 ,  FIG. 1B ). In some embodiments, memory  102  may store a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  102  may store additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     In some embodiments, device  100  is a device where operation of a predefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/or a touchpad as the primary input control device for operation of device  100 , the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) on device  100  may be reduced. 
     The predefined set of functions that may be performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad include navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by the user, navigates device  100  to a main, home, or root menu from any user interface that may be displayed on device  100 . In such embodiments, the touchpad may be referred to as a “menu button.” In some other embodiments, the menu button may be a physical push button or other physical input control device instead of a touchpad. 
       FIG. 1C  is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  102  (in  FIGS. 1A and 1B ) or  370  ( FIG. 3 ) includes event sorter  170  (e.g., in operating system  126 ) and a respective application  136 - 1  (e.g., any of the aforementioned applications  137151 ,  155 ,  380 - 390 ). 
     Event sorter  170  receives event information and determines the application  136 - 1  and application view  191  of application  136 - 1  to which to deliver the event information. Event sorter  170  includes event monitor  171  and event dispatcher module  174 . In some embodiments, application  136 - 1  includes application internal state  192 , which indicates the current application view(s) displayed on touch sensitive display  112  when the application is active or executing. In some embodiments, device/global internal state  157  is used by event sorter  170  to determine which application(s) is(are) currently active, and application internal state  192  is used by event sorter  170  to determine application views  191  to which to deliver event information. 
     In some embodiments, application internal state  192  includes additional information, such as one or more of: resume information to be used when application  136 - 1  resumes execution, user interface state information that indicates information being displayed or that is ready for display by application  136 - 1 , a state queue for enabling the user to go back to a prior state or view of application  136 - 1 , and a redo/undo queue of previous actions taken by the user. 
     Event monitor  171  receives event information from peripherals interface  118 . Event information includes information about a sub-event (e.g., a user touch on touch-sensitive display  112 , as part of a multi-touch gesture). Peripherals interface  118  transmits information it receives from I/O subsystem  106  or a sensor, such as proximity sensor  166 , accelerometer(s)  168 , and/or microphone  113  (through audio circuitry  110 ). Information that peripherals interface  118  receives from I/O subsystem  106  includes information from touch-sensitive display  112  or a touch-sensitive surface. 
     In some embodiments, event monitor  171  sends requests to the peripherals interface  118  at predetermined intervals. In response, peripherals interface  118  transmits event information. In other embodiments, peripheral interface  118  transmits event information only when there is a significant event (e.g., receiving an input above a predetermined noise threshold and/or for more than a predetermined duration). 
     In some embodiments, event sorter  170  also includes a hit view determination module  172  and/or an active event recognizer determination module  173 . 
     Hit view determination module  172  provides software procedures for determining where a sub-event has taken place within one or more views, when touch sensitive display  112  displays more than one view. Views are made up of controls and other elements that a user can see on the display. 
     Another aspect of the user interface associated with an application is a set of views, sometimes herein called application views or user interface windows, in which information is displayed and touch-based gestures occur. The application views (of a respective application) in which a touch is detected may correspond to programmatic levels within a programmatic or view hierarchy of the application. For example, the lowest level view in which a touch is detected may be called the hit view, and the set of events that are recognized as proper inputs may be determined based, at least in part, on the hit view of the initial touch that begins a touch-based gesture. 
     Hit view determination module  172  receives information related to sub-events of a touch-based gesture. When an application has multiple views organized in a hierarchy, hit view determination module  172  identifies a hit view as the lowest view in the hierarchy which should handle the sub-event. In most circumstances, the hit view is the lowest level view in which an initiating sub-event occurs (i.e., the first sub-event in the sequence of sub-events that form an event or potential event). Once the hit view is identified by the hit view determination module, the hit view typically receives all sub-events related to the same touch or input source for which it was identified as the hit view. 
     Active event recognizer determination module  173  determines which view or views within a view hierarchy should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In some embodiments, active event recognizer determination module  173  determines that only the hit view should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, active event recognizer determination module  173  determines that all views that include the physical location of a sub-event are actively involved views, and therefore determines that all actively involved views should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, even if touch sub-events were entirely confined to the area associated with one particular view, views higher in the hierarchy would still remain as actively involved views. 
     Event dispatcher module  174  dispatches the event information to an event recognizer (e.g., event recognizer  180 ). In embodiments including active event recognizer determination module  173 , event dispatcher module  174  delivers the event information to an event recognizer determined by active event recognizer determination module  173 . In some embodiments, event dispatcher module  174  stores in an event queue the event information, which is retrieved by a respective event receiver module  182 . 
     In some embodiments, operating system  126  includes event sorter  170 . Alternatively, application  136 - 1  includes event sorter  170 . In yet other embodiments, event sorter  170  is a stand-alone module, or a part of another module stored in memory  102 , such as contact/motion module  130 . 
     In some embodiments, application  136 - 1  includes a plurality of event handlers  190  and one or more application views  191 , each of which includes instructions for handling touch events that occur within a respective view of the application&#39;s user interface. Each application view  191  of the application  136 - 1  includes one or more event recognizers  180 . Typically, a respective application view  191  includes a plurality of event recognizers  180 . In other embodiments, one or more of event recognizers  180  are part of a separate module, such as a user interface kit (not shown) or a higher level object from which application  136 - 1  inherits methods and other properties. In some embodiments, a respective event handler  190  includes one or more of: data updater  176 , object updater  177 , GUI updater  178 , and/or event data  179  received from event sorter  170 . Event handler  190  may utilize or call data updater  176 , object updater  177  or GUI updater  178  to update the application internal state  192 . Alternatively, one or more of the application views  191  includes one or more respective event handlers  190 . Also, in some embodiments, one or more of data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178  are included in a respective application view  191 . 
     A respective event recognizer  180  receives event information (e.g., event data  179 ) from event sorter  170 , and identifies an event from the event information. Event recognizer  180  includes event receiver  182  and event comparator  184 . In some embodiments, event recognizer  180  also includes at least a subset of: metadata  183 , and event delivery instructions  188  (which may include sub-event delivery instructions). 
     Event receiver  182  receives event information from event sorter  170 . The event information includes information about a sub-event, for example, a touch or a touch movement. Depending on the sub-event, the event information also includes additional information, such as location of the sub-event. When the sub-event concerns motion of a touch the event information may also include speed and direction of the sub-event. In some embodiments, events include rotation of the device from one orientation to another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to a landscape orientation, or vice versa), and the event information includes corresponding information about the current orientation (also called device attitude) of the device. 
     Event comparator  184  compares the event information to predefined event or sub-event definitions and, based on the comparison, determines an event or sub-event, or determines or updates the state of an event or sub-event. In some embodiments, event comparator  184  includes event definitions  186 . Event definitions  186  contain definitions of events (e.g., predefined sequences of sub-events), for example, event  1  ( 187 - 1 ), event  2  ( 187 - 2 ), and others. In some embodiments, sub-events in an event  187  include, for example, touch begin, touch end, touch movement, touch cancellation, and multiple touching. In one example, the definition for event  1  ( 187 - 1 ) is a double tap on a displayed object. The double tap, for example, comprises a first touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a first lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase, a second touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, and a second lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase. In another example, the definition for event  2  ( 187 - 2 ) is a dragging on a displayed object. The dragging, for example, comprises a touch (or contact) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a movement of the touch across touch-sensitive display  112 , and lift-off of the touch (touch end). In some embodiments, the event also includes information for one or more associated event handlers  190 . 
     In some embodiments, event definition  187  includes a definition of an event for a respective user-interface object. In some embodiments, event comparator  184  performs a hit test to determine which user-interface object is associated with a sub-event. For example, in an application view in which three user-interface objects are displayed on touch-sensitive display  112 , when a touch is detected on touch-sensitive display  112 , event comparator  184  performs a hit test to determine which of the three user-interface objects is associated with the touch (sub-event). If each displayed object is associated with a respective event handler  190 , the event comparator uses the result of the hit test to determine which event handler  190  should be activated. For example, event comparator  184  selects an event handler associated with the sub-event and the object triggering the hit test. 
     In some embodiments, the definition for a respective event  187  also includes delayed actions that delay delivery of the event information until after it has been determined whether the sequence of sub-events does or does not correspond to the event recognizer&#39;s event type. 
     When a respective event recognizer  180  determines that the series of sub-events do not match any of the events in event definitions  186 , the respective event recognizer  180  enters an event impossible, event failed, or event ended state, after which it disregards subsequent sub-events of the touch-based gesture. In this situation, other event recognizers, if any, that remain active for the hit view continue to track and process sub-events of an ongoing touch-based gesture. 
     In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  includes metadata  183  with configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how the event delivery system should perform sub-event delivery to actively involved event recognizers. In some embodiments, metadata  183  includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how event recognizers may interact with one another. In some embodiments, metadata  183  includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate whether sub-events are delivered to varying levels in the view or programmatic hierarchy. 
     In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  activates event handler  190  associated with an event when one or more particular sub-events of an event are recognized. In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  delivers event information associated with the event to event handler  190 . Activating an event handler  190  is distinct from sending (and deferred sending) sub-events to a respective hit view. In some embodiments, event recognizer  180  throws a flag associated with the recognized event, and event handler  190  associated with the flag catches the flag and performs a predefined process. 
     In some embodiments, event delivery instructions  188  include sub-event delivery instructions that deliver event information about a sub-event without activating an event handler. Instead, the sub-event delivery instructions deliver event information to event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or to actively involved views. Event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or with actively involved views receive the event information and perform a predetermined process. 
     In some embodiments, data updater  176  creates and updates data used in application  136 - 1 . For example, data updater  176  updates the telephone number used in contacts module  137 , or stores a video file used in video player module  145 . In some embodiments, object updater  177  creates and updates objects used in application  136 - 1 . For example, object updater  177  creates a new user-interface object or updates the position of a user-interface object. GUI updater  178  updates the GUI. For example, GUI updater  178  prepares display information and sends it to graphics module  132  for display on a touch-sensitive display. 
     In some embodiments, event handler(s)  190  includes or has access to data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178 . In some embodiments, data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178  are included in a single module of a respective application  136 - 1  or application view  191 . In other embodiments, they are included in two or more software modules. 
     It shall be understood that the foregoing discussion regarding event handling of user touches on touch-sensitive displays also applies to other forms of user inputs to operate multifunction devices  100  with input-devices, not all of which are initiated on touch screens, e.g., coordinating mouse movement and mouse button presses with or without single or multiple keyboard presses or holds, user movements taps, drags, scrolls, etc., on touchpads, pen stylus inputs, movement of the device, oral instructions, detected eye movements, biometric inputs, and/or any combination thereof, which may be utilized as inputs corresponding to sub-events which define an event to be recognized. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a portable multifunction device  100  having a touch screen  112  in accordance with some embodiments. The touch screen may display one or more graphics within user interface (UI)  200 . In this embodiment, as well as others described below, a user may select one or more of the graphics by making contact or touching the graphics, for example, with one or more fingers  202  (not drawn to scale in the figure) or one or more styluses  203  (not drawn to scale in the figure). In some embodiments, selection of one or more graphics occurs when the user breaks contact with the one or more graphics. In some embodiments, the contact may include a gesture, such as one or more taps, one or more swipes (from left to right, right to left, upward and/or downward) and/or a rolling of a finger (from right to left, left to right, upward and/or downward) that has made contact with device  100 . In some embodiments, inadvertent contact with a graphic may not select the graphic. For example, a swipe gesture that sweeps over an application icon may not select the corresponding application when the gesture corresponding to selection is a tap. 
     Device  100  may also include one or more physical buttons, such as “home” or menu button  204 . As described previously, menu button  204  may be used to navigate to any application  136  in a set of applications that may be executed on device  100 . Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as a soft key in a GUT displayed on touch screen  112 . 
     In one embodiment, device  100  includes touch screen  112 , menu button  204 , push button  206  for powering the device on/off and locking the device, volume adjustment button(s)  208 , Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card slot  210 , head set jack  212 , and docking/charging external port  124 . Push button  206  may be used to turn the power on/off on the device by depressing the button and holding the button in the depressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by depressing the button and releasing the button before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an unlock process. In an alternative embodiment, device  100  also may accept verbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions through microphone  113 . 
       FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. Device  300  need not be portable. In some embodiments, device  300  is a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a tablet computer, a multimedia player device, a navigation device, an educational device (such as a child&#39;s learning toy), a gaming system, or a control device (e.g., a home or industrial controller). Device  300  typically includes one or more processing units (CPU&#39;s)  310 , one or more network or other communications interfaces  360 , memory  370 , and one or more communication buses  320  for interconnecting these components. Communication buses  320  may include circuitry (sometimes called a chipset) that interconnects and controls communications between system components. Device  300  includes input/output (I/O) interface  330  comprising display  340 , which is typically a touch screen display. I/O interface  330  also may include a keyboard and/or mouse (or other pointing device)  350  and touchpad  355 . Memory  370  includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM or other random access solid state memory devices; and may include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory  370  may optionally include one or more storage devices remotely located from CPU(s)  310 . In some embodiments, memory  370  stores programs, modules, and data structures analogous to the programs, modules, and data structures stored in memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100  ( FIG. 1 ), or a subset thereof. Furthermore, memory  370  may store additional programs, modules, and data structures not present in memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100 . For example, memory  370  of device  300  may store drawing module  380 , presentation module  382 , word processing module  384 , website creation module  386 , disk authoring module  388 , and/or spreadsheet module  390 , while memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100  ( FIG. 1 ) may not store these modules. 
     Each of the above identified elements in  FIG. 3  may be stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices. Each of the above identified modules corresponds to a set of instructions for performing a function described above. The above identified modules or programs (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  370  may store a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  370  may store additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI) that may be implemented on portable multifunction device  100 . 
       FIGS. 4A and 4B  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for a menu of applications on portable multifunction device  100  in accordance with some embodiments. Similar user interfaces may be implemented on device  300 . In some embodiments, user interface  400 A includes the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:
         Signal strength indicator(s)  402  for wireless communication(s), such as cellular and Wi-Fi signals;   Time  404 ;   Bluetooth indicator  405 ;   Battery status indicator  406 ;   Tray  408  with icons for frequently used applications, such as:
           Phone  138 , which may include an indicator  414  of the number of missed calls or voicemail messages;   E-mail client  140 , which may include an indicator  410  of the number of unread e-mails;   Browser  147 ; and   Music player  146 ; and   
           Icons for other applications, such as:
           IM  141 ;   Image management  144 ;   Camera  143 ;   Video player  145 ;   Weather  149 - 1 ;   Stocks  149 - 2 ;   Workout support  142 ;   Calendar  148 ;   Calculator  149 - 3 ;   Alarm clock  149 - 4 ;   Dictionary  149 - 5 ; and   User-created widget  149 - 6 .   
               

     In some embodiments, user interface  400 B includes the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:
           402 ,  404 ,  405 ,  406 ,  141 ,  148 ,  144 ,  143 ,  149 - 3 ,  149 - 2 ,  149 - 1 ,  149 - 4 ,  410 ,  414 ,  138 ,  140 , and  147 , as described above;   Map  154 ;   Notes  153 ;   Settings  412 , which provides access to settings for device  100  and its various applications  136 , as described further below;   Video and music player module  152 , also referred to as iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) module  152 ; and   Online video module  155 , also referred to as YouTube (trademark of Google Inc.) module  155 .       

       FIG. 4C  illustrates an exemplary user interface on a device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG. 3 ) with a touch-sensitive surface  451  (e.g., a tablet or touchpad  355 ,  FIG. 3 ) that is separate from the display  450  (e.g., touch screen display  112 ). Although many of the examples which follow will be given with reference to inputs on touch screen display  112  (where the touch sensitive surface and the display are combined), in some embodiments, the device detects inputs on a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display, as shown in  FIG. 4C . In some embodiments the touch sensitive surface (e.g.,  451  in  FIG. 4C ) has a primary axis (e.g.,  452  in  FIG. 4C ) that corresponds to a primary axis (e.g.,  453  in  FIG. 4C ) on the display (e.g.,  450 ). In accordance with these embodiments, the device detects contacts (e.g.,  460  and  462  in  FIG. 4C ) with the touch-sensitive surface  451  at locations that correspond to respective locations on the display (e.g., in  FIG. 4C   460  corresponds to  468  and  462  corresponds to  470 ). In this way, user inputs (e.g., contacts  460  and  462 , and movements thereof) detected by the device on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,  451  in  FIG. 4C ) are used by the device to manipulate the user interface on the display (e.g.,  450  in  FIG. 4C ) of the multifunction device when the touch-sensitive surface is separate from the display. It should be understood that similar methods may be used for other user interfaces described herein. 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) and associated processes that may be implemented on a multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface, such as device  300  or portable multifunction device  100 . 
       FIGS. 5A-5HH  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for managing concurrently open applications in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in  FIGS. 6A-6C, 7, 8A-8C, 9, 10, and 11A-11B . 
     As used in the specification and claims, the term “open application” refers to a software application with retained state information (e.g., as part of device/global internal state  157  and/or application internal state  192 ). An open application is any one of the following types of applications:
         an active application, which is currently displayed on display  112  (or a corresponding application view is currently displayed on the display);   a background application (or background process), which is not currently displayed on display  112 , but one or more application processes (e.g., instructions) for the corresponding application are being processed by one or more processors  120  (i.e., running);   a suspended application, which is not currently running, and the application is stored in a volatile memory (e.g., DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM, or other volatile random access solid state memory device of memory  102 ); and   a hibernated application, which is not running, and the application is stored in a non-volatile memory (e.g., one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices of memory  102 ).       

     As used herein, the term “closed application” refers to software applications without retained state information (e.g., state information for closed applications is not stored in a memory of the device). Accordingly, closing an application includes stopping and/or removing application processes for the application and removing state information for the application from the memory of the device. Generally, opening a second application while in a first application does not close the first application. When the second application is displayed and the first application ceases to be displayed, the first application, which was an active application when displayed, may become a background application, suspended application, or hibernated application, but the first application remains an open application while its state information is retained by the device. 
       FIGS. 5A-5D  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for selecting one of the concurrently open applications and displaying a corresponding application view. 
       FIG. 5A  illustrates an exemplary user interface (“home screen”  5001 ) displaying a plurality of application icons  5002  (e.g.,  5002 - 21  through  5002 - 38 ) on touch screen  112  of a portable electronic device (e.g., portable multifunction device  100 ). In  FIG. 5A , finger gesture  505  (e.g., a tap gesture) is detected on touch screen  112  at a location that corresponds to map application icon  5002 - 27 . (Note that the application icons  5002  on the home page displayed in  FIG. 5A  may or may not correspond to open application icons, whereas the application icons  5002  in  FIGS. 5C-5Z  correspond to open application icons.) 
     In  FIG. 5B , in response to detecting the finger gesture, the map application is launched and map application view  5004 - 1  is displayed on touch screen  112 . In this example, the map application view includes a portion of a map and user interface objects, such as a search input field, a search icon, and a directions icon. Also in  FIG. 5B , input  507  (e.g., a click or double-click on home button  204 ) is detected. 
       FIG. 5C  illustrates that, in response to detecting input  507 , a portion of map application view  5004 - 1  and application icon area  5006  are concurrently displayed. In some embodiments, in response to detecting input  507 , the device enters into an application selection mode for selecting one of the concurrently open applications, and the portion of map application view  5004 - 1  and application icon area  5006  are concurrently displayed as part of the application selection mode. Application icon area  5006  includes an initial group of open application icons that correspond to at least some of the concurrently open applications. In this example, the multifunction device has multiple applications that are concurrently open, although they are not simultaneously displayed. Also in this example, application icon area  5006  includes application icons for a web browser (Safari), a music application (iPod), a finance application (Stocks), and a multimedia store application (iTunes). 
     In some embodiments, the concurrent display of the map application view and the application icon area may include an animation. For example, the map application view can slide up such that a portion of the map application view moves off the display and a portion of the map application view remains on the display. The application icon area can slide in simultaneously from the bottom of the screen such that the animation gives a visual appearance that the map application view and the application icon area are connected. 
     In  FIG. 5C , finger gesture  509  (e.g., a tap gesture) is detected on touch screen  112  at a location that corresponds to web browser application icon  5002 - 37 . 
       FIG. 5D  illustrates that, in response to detecting the finger gesture at a location that corresponds to the web browser application icon, web browser application view  5004 - 2  is displayed on touch screen  112 . 
       FIGS. 5E-5F  illustrate scrolling of the application icon area. In  FIG. 5E , contact  511  (e.g., a finger contact) is detected on touch screen  112  at a location  511 -A that corresponds to application icon area  5006 . In  FIGS. 5E-5F , contact  511  moves across the touch screen  112  to a different location (e.g.,  511 -B), and application icons in application icon area  5006  are scrolled in accordance with the movement of contact  511 . 
       FIGS. 5G-5I  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for closing one of the concurrently open applications. In  FIG. 5G , finger gesture  513  (e.g., a press-and-hold gesture) is detected on touch screen  112  at a location that corresponds to music application icon  5002 - 38 , while the device is in an application selection mode.  FIG. 5H  illustrates that in response to detecting the finger gesture, the multifunction device enters into an application closure mode. In the application closure mode, the music application icon is visually distinguished from the rest of the application icons displayed on touch screen  112 . In this example, the music application icon is animated (e.g., jiggled), and the rest of the displayed application icons are dimmed. In addition, an indicia of an application closure (e.g., a close-application icon, such as “-” icon  5012 - 1 ) is displayed adjacent to the music application icon. 
     In  FIG. 5H , finger gesture  515  (e.g., a tap gesture) is detected on touch screen  112  at a location that corresponds to the visually distinguished application icon (e.g., the music application icon  5002 - 38 ).  FIG. 5I  illustrates that, in response to detecting the gesture, the visually distinguished application icon (e.g.,  5002 - 38 ) is removed from the application icon area. Also in response to the gesture, the multifunction device closes a corresponding application (e.g., a music application). After the visually distinguished application icon (e.g.,  5002 - 38 ) is removed, the multifunction device displays a new set of application icons without visual distinction (e.g., the application icons are no longer dimmed). The new set of application icons includes application icons that were included in the initial set of application icons except for the closed application icon (e.g.,  5002 - 37 ,  5002 - 26 , and  5002 - 32 ). An additional application icon (e.g.,  5002 - 35 ) is added to the new set of application icons. Also, after removing the visually distinguished application icon, the multifunction device exits the application closure mode, and returns to the application selection mode. In some embodiments, a finger gesture (e.g., a tap gesture) at a location that corresponds to close-application icon  5012 - 1  removes the visually distinguished application icon. 
       FIGS. 5J-5K  illustrate exemplary user interfaces including a music application view. In  FIG. 5J , music application view  5004 - 3  (e.g., iPod application view) is displayed. Music application view  5004 - 3  includes music controls (e.g., play/pause, fast forward/next track, and rewind/previous track, and/or a scrubber bar).  FIG. 5J  also illustrates that an input  517  is detected (e.g., a single or double click on home button  204 ). 
     In  FIG. 5K , a portion of music application view  5004 - 3  and application icon area  5006  are concurrently displayed. In this example, it is noted that the music application icon (e.g.,  5002 - 38 ) is not displayed in the application icon area while the music application view (e.g.,  5004 - 3 ) is displayed, regardless of how recent the corresponding music application is used, or whether the corresponding music application is playing music. 
       FIG. 5L  illustrates an exemplary user interface including music control icons in the predefined area (e.g., music control icons  5106  (e.g., pause, previous track, and next track icons) in application icon area  5006 - 1 ). It is noted that music control icons  5106  and application icons are displayed on separate rows in (enlarged) predefined area  5006 - 1 . In some embodiments, while the application icons are scrolled, music control icons  5106  remain on the display. In  FIG. 5L , left-to-right swipe gesture  537  is detected on touch screen  112 . 
       FIG. 5M  illustrates an exemplary user interface including settings icons in the predefined area. In some embodiments, the settings icons are displayed in response to detecting left-to-right swipe gesture  537 . In  FIG. 5M , settings icons (e.g., rotate lock icon  5102 - 1 , Wi-Fi icon  5102 - 2 , and Bluetooth icon  5102 - 3 ) are displayed in application icon area  5006 - 1 . Each settings icon, when activated (e.g., by a finger gesture), changes a corresponding setting (e.g., Wi-Fi icon  5102 - 2 , when activated, turns on or off a Wi-Fi connection). In some embodiments, one or more application icons can be concurrently displayed with settings icons in application icon area  5006  (not shown). 
       FIG. 5N  illustrates a rotation of the multifunction device  100 . In response to detecting a rotation of the multifunction device  100 , application icons  5002  are rotated and rearranged. In some embodiments, the number of application icons displayed in a landscape mode (e.g., five, six, etc.) is different from the number of application icons displayed in a portrait mode (e.g., three, four, etc.). In some embodiments, the application icons displayed in the landscape mode includes application icons displayed in the portrait mode (e.g., after a rotation of the device as shown in  FIG. 5L  from the portrait mode to a landscape mode, the device can display at least Stocks, Maps, iTunes, and Game Center icons (not shown)). In other embodiments, the application icons displayed in the landscape mode do not include application icons displayed in the portrait mode (e.g.,  FIGS. 5M-5N ). 
       FIG. 5O  illustrates an alternative user interface for selecting an open application. When the device enters an application selection mode (e.g., by input  507  in  FIG. 5B ), instead of displaying application icons (e.g., as shown in  FIG. 5C ), images of open applications (e.g.,  5008 - 10 ,  5008 - 11 , and  5008 - 13 ) can be displayed in predefined area  5006 . 
       FIGS. 5P-5Y  illustrate exemplary user interfaces including user interface objects corresponding to open applications, arranged in a grid. The user interface objects are typically user selectable (or user activatable). 
       FIGS. 5P and 5Q  illustrate scrolling open application icons arranged in a grid. In  FIG. 5P , open application icons  5002  (e.g.,  5002 - 1  through  5002 - 9 ) are displayed in a three-by-three grid. In some embodiments, application icons  5002  can be the same as application icons illustrated in  FIGS. 5A-5K  (e.g., map application icons  5002 - 6  and  5002 - 27  can be identical). In other embodiments, application icons  5002  displayed in a grid can be different from application icons displayed elsewhere (e.g., within an application icon area  5006  or on home screen  5001 ). 
       FIG. 5P  also illustrates that gesture  519  (e.g., a swipe gesture) is detected on touch screen  112 .  FIG. 5Q  illustrates that, in response to detecting gesture  519 , open application icons  5002  displayed on touch screen  112  in  FIG. 5P  are scrolled off the display, and a different set of open application icons  5002  (e.g.,  5002 - 10  through  5002 - 18 ) are displayed on touch screen  112 . 
       FIGS. 5R-5T  illustrate exemplary user interfaces involving images of open applications (or corresponding application views). In  FIG. 5R , images  5008  (e.g.,  500810  through  5008 - 18 ) of open applications or application views (e.g., live thumbnails) are displayed in a grid. In some embodiments, the images of open applications are updated when the corresponding applications change corresponding application views (e.g., a browser displays new content on a webpage, a movie player plays movies, etc.). 
     In  FIG. 5S , open application icons (e.g.,  5002 - 35 ,  5002 - 36 , and  5002 - 37 ) are displayed, at least partially overlapping the images of corresponding open applications (e.g.,  5008 - 10 ,  5008 - 11 , and  5008 - 12 ). In some embodiments, open application icons  5002  are displayed adjacent to the images  5008  of the corresponding open applications without overlap. In some embodiments, open application icons  5002  are displayed entirely overlapping the images  5008  of corresponding open applications. 
       FIG. 5T  illustrates that at least a subset of the images  5008  includes status indicia for corresponding applications. In this example, map application image  5008 - 6  includes compass icon  5010 - 1 , which indicates that certain features (e.g., a GPS tracking function) are activated in a corresponding map application. In some embodiments, open application icons (e.g.,  5002 ) can include status indicia. 
       FIGS. 5U-5V  illustrate exemplary user interfaces including an application closure mode. In  FIG. 5U , one of the images (e.g.,  5008 - 12 ) is displayed with a jiggling animation. In addition, image  5008 - 12  includes close-application icon  5012 - 2 . Image  5008 - 12 , when selected (e.g., by a finger tap gesture), removes image  5008 - 12  from the displayed set of images, and closes a corresponding application (e.g., a web browser application). Afterwards, the rest of the images (e.g.,  5008 - 10 ,  5008 - 11 ,  5008 - 13  through  5008 - 18 ) and a new image (e.g.,  5008 - 19 ) are displayed, as shown in  FIG. 5V . The close-application icon operates in a manner analogous to the application closure mode as described above with reference to  FIGS. 5G-5I . 
       FIGS. 5W-5X  illustrate exemplary user interfaces including concurrent display of the open application icons and search icon  5004 . In  FIG. 5W , contact  521  is detected on touch screen  112  at a location corresponding to search icon  5104 .  FIG. 5X  illustrates that, in response to detecting contact  521  at the location corresponding to search icon  5104 , keyboard  5014  is displayed on touch screen  112 . In some embodiments, search icon  5104  and keyboard  5014  are concurrently displayed on touch screen  112  with at least a subset of open application icons  5002  (e.g., application icons  5002  in  FIG. 5X ). In some embodiments, the concurrently displayed application icons correspond to applications that match the search term(s). In some embodiments, search icon  5104  and keyboard  5014  are concurrently displayed with a list of application (e.g., applications that match the search term(s)). 
       FIG. 5Y  illustrates a rotation of the multifunction device  100 . In response to detecting a rotation of the multifunction device  100 , open application icons  5002  are rotated and rearranged. In some embodiments, the number of application icons displayed in a landscape mode (e.g., two-by-four, two-by-five, etc.) is different from the number of application icons displayed in a portrait mode (e.g., three-by-three, four-by-three, four-by-two, etc.). 
       FIGS. 5Z-5AA  illustrate a gesture for displaying user selected information. In  FIG. 5Z , gesture  523  (e.g., a swipe down gesture) is detected on touch screen  112  from a top edge of the display.  FIG. 5AA  illustrates that, in response to detecting gesture  523 , an exemplary user interface including user selected information is displayed. The user selected information user interface includes, for example, user selectable icon (e.g., done icon  5020 ), user selected information (e.g., local weather  5016 ), and recent electronic notifications (e.g., recent email  5018 - 1  and upcoming events  5018 - 2 ). 
       FIGS. 5BB-5CC  illustrates an exemplary user interface including three-dimensional stack of images of open applications. In  FIG. 5BB , images of open applications are displayed in a three-dimensional stack extending backwards on the display. For example, an image of an open application that was used most recently (e.g.,  5008 - 10 ) is displayed up front, an image of an open application that was used second most recently (e.g.,  5008 - 11 ) is displayed right behind the most recently used application (e.g.,  5008 - 10 ), and so on. In some embodiments, the images can be scrolled by a swipe gesture, and a corresponding application can be selected by a tap gesture. In  FIG. 5BB , gesture  533  (e.g., a tap gesture) is detected at a location that corresponds to a respective image of an open application (e.g., a mail application). In response, a mail application view is displayed, as shown in  FIG. 5CC . 
       FIG. 5CC -SHH illustrate exemplary user interfaces for selecting one of the concurrently open applications.  FIG. 5CC  illustrates mail application view  5004 - 4  for an email application (e.g., Mail). In  FIG. 5CC , mail application view  5004 - 4  includes email text, including link  5020 - 1  to a webpage. Gesture  525  (e.g., a tap gesture) is detected on touch screen  112  at a location that corresponds to link  5020 - 1 . 
     In  FIG. 5DD , in response to detecting gesture  525  at the location that corresponds to link  5020 - 1 , the corresponding web page is displayed in web browser application view  5004 - 5 .  FIG. 5DD  also illustrates that input  527  (e.g., a single or double click on home button  204 ) is detected. 
       FIG. 5EE  illustrates that, in response to detecting input  527 , a portion of home screen  5001 , web browser application view  5008 - 12 , and a portion of mail application view  5008 - 10  are displayed.  FIG. 5EE  also illustrates that tap gesture  535  can be detected at a location that corresponds to image  5008 - 10  of mail application. In response to detecting tap gesture  535 , mail application view  5004 - 4  (as shown in  FIG. 5CC ) will be displayed without concurrently displaying any other application view.  FIG. 5EE  also illustrates that swipe gesture  529  can be detected on the touch screen at a location that corresponds to mail application view  5008 - 10 , and in  FIG. 5FF , in response to detecting swipe gesture  529 , application views (e.g.,  5008 - 10  and  5008 - 12 ) are scrolled, and a portion of map application view  5008 - 6  is displayed. 
     In  FIG. 5FF , when gesture  531  (e.g., a tap gesture) is detected at a location that corresponds to map application view  5008 - 6 , in response, a map application view is displayed, as shown in  FIG. 5GG . 
     In  FIG. 5FF , when gesture  533  (e.g., a tap gesture) is detected at a location that corresponds to home screen  5001 , in response, home screen  5001  is displayed, as shown in  FIG. 5HH . 
       FIGS. 6A-6C  are flow diagrams illustrating method  600  of selecting one of concurrently open applications in accordance with some embodiments. Method  600  is performed at a multifunction device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG. 3 , or portable multifunction device  100 ,  FIG. 1 ) with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is a touch screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method  600  may be combined and/or the order of some operations may be changed. 
     As described below, method  600  provides an intuitive way to select one of concurrently open applications. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when selecting one of concurrently open application, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated computing devices, enabling a user to select one of concurrently open applications faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     The device displays ( 602 ) a first application view (e.g., map application view  5004 - 1  in  FIG. 5B ) on a touch-sensitive display that corresponds to a first application in a plurality of concurrently open applications (e.g., the device may have multiple open applications, such as Safari, iPod, Stocks, and iTunes). The first application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications (e.g., in  FIG. 5B , map application view  5004 - 1  is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application). In other words, in a normal operation mode, just a single application view is displayed, which corresponds to one of the plurality of concurrently open applications. The other open applications (e.g., the other open applications, such as Safari, iPod, Stocks, and iTunes) may be running in the background or be in a suspended or hibernated operating state. 
     The device detects ( 604 ) a first input (e.g., input  507  in  FIG. 5B ). In some embodiments, the first input is a single tap on a home button (e.g.,  204 ). In some embodiments, the first input is a double tap on the home button (e.g.,  204 ). In some embodiments, the first input is a gesture on the touch-sensitive display, such as a three-finger pinch gesture or a swipe gesture. 
     In response to detecting the first input ( 606 ), the device performs the following actions. The device enters ( 608 ) an application view selection mode for selecting one of the concurrently open applications for display in a corresponding application view. The device displays ( 610 ) in a first predefined area (e.g., a strip in a predefined location on the touch-sensitive display) an initial group of open application icons that correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications (e.g., application icons  5002  in application icon area  5006  in  FIG. 5C ). In some embodiments, the device maintains the display of the first predefined area without further input (e.g., press-and-hold on home button  204  or on touch screen  112 ) until the application view selection mode is exited. In some embodiments, the area displays the open application icons as a scrollable strip with a linear array of open application icons (e.g., application icon area  5006  is scrollable as shown in  FIGS. 5E-5F ). The device concurrently displays ( 612 ) at least a portion of the first application view adjacent to the first predefined area (e.g., in  FIG. 5C , at least a portion of map application view  5004 - 1  and application icon area  5006  are concurrently displayed). The concurrent display provides several benefits. For example, it provides context by maintaining the first application view while an open application icon is being selected. In addition, it is easy to get back to the first application (and cease the display of the application icon area) by, for example, tapping on the first application view. 
     In some embodiments, at least a subset of the open application icons include ( 624  in  FIG. 6B ) status indicia for corresponding applications. For example, an audio application icon includes a “now recording” indicia (e.g., a red dot) displayed on or proximate to the audio application icon. In another example, a map application icon includes a “GPS active” indicia (e.g., a compass image) displayed on or proximate to the map application icon (e.g., see an analogous example in  FIG. 5S  where image  5008 - 6  includes a compass icon  5010 - 1 ). 
     In some embodiments, the initial group of open application icons includes ( 626 ) an audio application icon when a corresponding audio application is in use. For example, when a music player application is playing music, the initial group of open application icons always includes a corresponding music player application icon (e.g., iPod application icon  5002 - 38  in  FIG. 5C ). Displaying the audio application icon as part of the initial group of open application icons facilitates rapid selection and display of the corresponding audio application. For example, there is no need to scroll the open application icons in the predefined area to display the audio application icon. 
     In some embodiments, open application icons are displayed ( 628 ) in the first predefined area in a sequence and the sequence is determined in accordance with a usage history for the corresponding open applications. For example, assume multimedia store application iTunes is used first, then finance application Stocks, then music application iPod, web browser application Safari, and finally a map application is the last application used prior to entering the application view selection mode. Then, in some embodiments, the initial group of open application icons will be iTunes, Stocks, iPod, and Safari. In addition, the sequence of open application icons will be Safari, iPod, Stocks, and iTunes (as shown in  FIG. 5C ). In some embodiments, selecting an open application icon corresponding to one of the initial group of open applications does not change the sequence in which the initial group of open application icons is displayed. For example, selecting the iTunes application icon in  FIG. 5C  and re-entering the application view selection mode does not change the sequence of open application icons, Safari, iPod, Stocks, and iTunes. This has a benefit of providing a previously presented sequence (which is familiar to the user) of open application icons, thereby avoiding the need for the user to learn a new arrangement of open application icons. This reduces the cognitive burden on a user and produces a more efficient human-machine interface. 
     In some embodiments, the device displays scrollable pages of icons (e.g., application launch icons and/or folder icons), a scrollable list of icons, or a scrollable array of icons in a predefined area of the display (e.g., application icons  5002 - 21  through  5002 - 34  are displayed on a scrollable page of icons in  FIG. 5A ). The device concurrently displays stationary icons (e.g., frequently used or favorite application launch icons and/or folder icons selected by a user) in another, distinct predefined area of the display (e.g., a dock area) (e.g., application icons  5002 - 35  through  5002 - 38  are stationary icons in the dock area). In some embodiments, the device can also enter the application view selection mode from this display in response to detecting an input (e.g., in response to detecting a double tap on the home button). In some embodiments, in response to detecting the input, the stationary icons in the dock area are replaced by the initial group of open application icons that correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications. In other words, the dock area in normal operation mode is replaced by the first predefined area with open application icons in the application view selection mode. In some embodiments, in response to detecting the input, the application icons on the scrollable pages and the dock area (e.g., application icons  5002 - 21  through  5002 - 38 ) slide up, and at least a subset of the application icons and a predefined area including open application icons are concurrently displayed, in a manner analogous to the concurrent display of application view  5004 - 1  and predefined area  5006  in  FIG. 5C . 
     In some embodiments, the device displays ( 630 ) settings icons in the first predefined area while in the application view selection mode (e.g., settings icons  5102  in  FIG. 5M ). Exemplary setting icons include: a rotation lock icon; communication mode icons, such as an airplane mode icon, a Wi-Fi icon, and/or Bluetooth icon; and audio controls, such as play/pause, fast forward, reverse, stop, volume controls, and/or track controls. 
     In some embodiments, when settings icons for an open application are displayed in the first predefined area, the corresponding open application icon is not displayed ( 632 ) in the first predefined area. For example, when music player controls are displayed in the first predefined area, the corresponding music player application icon is not displayed (e.g., in  FIG. 5L , when music player controls  5106  are displayed in application icon area  5006 - 1 , the corresponding music player application icon (e.g., iPod) is not displayed in application icon area  5006 - 1 ). 
     In some embodiments, the device concurrently displays ( 634 ) audio control icons and open application icons other than a corresponding audio application icon in respective rows in the first predefined area (e.g., audio control icons  5106  and other application icons in respective rows in application icon area  5006 - 1  in  FIG. 5L ). 
     In some embodiments, the at least a portion of the first application view is displayed ( 636 ) in a second predefined area that is larger than and adjacent to the first predefined area. For example, in  FIG. 5C , the area where a portion of map application view  5004 - 1  is displayed is larger than and adjacent to application icon area  5006 . 
     In some embodiments, a first set of open application icons includes the initial group of open application icons, and the first set of open application icons is displayed in a first orientation. The device detects a rotation of the multifunction device from the first orientation to a second orientation, and displays a second set of open application icons in the second orientation (e.g.,  FIG. 5N ). The initial group of open application icons and the second set of open application icons have different numbers of open application icons (e.g., in  FIG. 5N , the second set of open application icons has six open application icons, whereas the initial group of applications in  FIG. 5C  has four open application icons). In some embodiments, displaying the second set of open application icons in the second orientation includes ceasing to display the first set of open application icons in the first orientation. In some embodiments, displaying the second set of open application icons in the second orientation includes rearranging the first set of open application icons in the first orientation. 
     The device detects ( 614  in  FIG. 6A ) a gesture (e.g., a tap gesture) on a respective open application icon in the first predefined area (e.g., gesture  509  on application icon  5002 - 37  in  FIG. 5C ). In response to detecting the gesture on the respective open application icon ( 616 ), the device performs the following actions. The device displays ( 618 ) a respective application view on the touch-sensitive display for a corresponding application in the plurality of concurrently open applications (e.g., browser application view  5004 - 2  in  FIG. 5D ). The respective application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications (e.g., in  FIG. 5D , browser application view  5004 - 2  is displayed without concurrently displaying any other application views). The device ceases ( 620 ) to display open application icons in the first predefined area (e.g., application icon area  5006  and application icons  5002  in application icon area  5006  are no longer displayed in  FIG. 5D ). The device exits ( 622 ) the application view selection mode (and enters a normal operation mode for the respective application). 
     In some embodiments, while in the application view selection mode, the device performs ( 640  in  FIG. 6C ) the following actions. The device detects a gesture (e.g., a tap gesture) on the at least a portion of the first application view. In response to detecting the gesture on the portion of the first application view, the device displays the first application view on the touch-sensitive display without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications, and exits the application view selection mode (and enters a normal operation mode for the first application). For example, in  FIG. 5C , when a gesture is detected on touch screen  112  at a location corresponding to map application view  5004 - 1 , the device displays map application view  5004 - 1  without concurrently displaying application icon area  5006  or an application view for any other application, as shown in  FIG. 5B . 
     In some embodiments, in response to detecting the first input, the device slides ( 638 ) the first application view such that part of the first application view moves off the display and a portion of the first application view remains on the display (e.g., in  FIG. 5C , a portion of map application view  5004 - 1  moves off the display and a portion of map application view  5004 - 1  remains on the display). 
     In some embodiments, while in the application view selection mode, the device detects ( 642 ) a scroll gesture (e.g., a swipe gesture) in the first predefined area, and in response to detecting the scroll gesture, scrolls the plurality of concurrently open application icons in the first predefined area in accordance with the scroll gesture (e.g.,  FIGS. 5E-5F ). 
     In some embodiments, while displaying the initial group of open application icons in the application view selection mode, the device performs ( 644 ) one of the following actions. When a first scroll gesture in a first direction (e.g., a right-to-left swipe gesture) is detected in the first predefined area, the device scrolls to display other open application icons in the plurality of concurrently open application icons in the first predefined area (e.g.,  FIGS. 5E-5F ). When a second scroll gesture in a second direction opposite the first direction (e.g., a left-to-right swipe gesture) is detected in the first predefined area, the device scrolls to display settings icons in the first predefined area (e.g.,  FIGS. 5L-5M ). In some embodiments, when the second scroll gesture in a second direction different from the first direction (e.g., a top-to-bottom swipe gesture, a bottom-to-top swipe gesture, or a diagonal swipe gesture) is detected in the first predefined area, the device scrolls to display settings icons in the first predefined area. 
     In some embodiments, while in the application view selection mode, the device detects ( 646 ) a swipe down gesture that starts from a top edge of the display (e.g., gesture  523  in  FIG. 5Z ). In response to detecting the swipe down gesture, the device displays a user selectable icon (e.g., done icon  5020  in  FIG. 5AA ), and displays at least one of: a list of recent electronic notifications, (e.g., recent emails  5018 - 1  and/or upcoming events  5018 - 2 ) and user selected information (e.g., local weather information  5016 , stock price (not shown), news headings (not shown), etc.). 
     In some embodiments, while in the application view selection mode, the device performs the following actions. The device detects ( 648 ) a gesture at a location corresponding to an open application icon in the first predefined area (e.g., press-and-hold gesture  513  on open application icon  5002 - 38  in  FIG. 5G ). In response to detecting the gesture at the location corresponding to the open application icon, the device displays a close-application icon for closing a corresponding application (e.g., an “X” icon or “-” icon  5012 - 1  on or proximate to the open application icon). The device detects a gesture at a location corresponding to the close-application icon (e.g., a tap gesture on close-application icon  5012 - 1 ). In response to detecting the gesture at the location corresponding to the close-application icon, the device closes the corresponding application. In other words, the device performs quitting/ending of the corresponding application so that the corresponding application ceases to be an open application. Alternatively, a tap gesture on the open application icon including the close-application icon (e.g., gesture  515  on open application icon  5002 - 38  in  FIG. 5H ) has the same effect. 
     In some embodiments, in response to detecting the gesture at the location corresponding to the open application icon, the device jiggles ( 650 ) the open application icon at the location. In some embodiments, in response to detecting the gesture at the location corresponding to the open application icon, the device visually distinguishes the open application icon by dimming other open application icons (e.g.,  FIG. 5H ). 
     As described above, method  600  is used to select a single application for display among multiple, concurrently open applications. An analogous method may also be used to select a single view for display among multiple, concurrently open views in a single application (e.g., selecting one web page for display among multiple, concurrently open web pages in a browser application). 
     Note that details of the processes described above with respect to method  600  (e.g.,  FIGS. 6A-6B and 5A-5HH ) are also applicable in an analogous manner to the methods described below. For example, methods  700 ,  800 ,  900 ,  1000 , and  1100  may include one or more of the characteristics of the various methods described above with reference to method  600 . For brevity, these details are not repeated below. 
       FIG. 7  is a flow diagram illustrating method  700  of selecting one of concurrently open applications in accordance with some embodiments. Method  700  is performed at a multifunction device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG. 3 , or portable multifunction device  100 ,  FIG. 1 ) with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is a touch screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method  700  may be combined and/or the order of some operations may be changed. 
     As described below, method  700  provides an intuitive way to select one of concurrently open applications. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when selecting one of concurrently open application, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated computing devices, enabling a user to select one of concurrently open applications faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     The device displays ( 702 ) a first application view on a touch-sensitive display that corresponds to a first application in a plurality of concurrently open applications. The first application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications (e.g., map application view  5004 - 1  in  FIG. 5B ). 
     The device detects ( 704 ) a first input (e.g., input  507  in  FIG. 5B ). In response to detecting the first input ( 706 ), the device enters ( 708 ) an application view selection mode for selecting one of the concurrently open applications for display in a corresponding application view, and displays ( 710 ) in a predefined area images of open application that correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications (e.g., in  FIG. 5BB , images  5008  that correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications are displayed). The images of open applications are displayed in a three-dimensional stack extending backwards on the display (e.g., three-dimensional stack of images  5008  in  FIG. 5BB ). 
     In some embodiments, the images of open applications include open application icons (e.g., see an analogous example of images  5008  including open application icons  5002  in  FIG. 5S ). Alternatively, the device can display in the predefined area, open application icons that correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications, in a three-dimensional stack. 
     In some embodiments, the images of open applications in the three-dimensional stack are ordered ( 712 ) based at least in part on recency of use of corresponding open applications (e.g., an image of an open application that corresponds to the most recently used open application is displayed at the front of the stack, while progressively less recently used applications are displayed progressively further back in the stack). 
     The device detects ( 714 ) a gesture (e.g.,  533  in  FIG. 5BB ) on a respective image of an open application in the three-dimensional stack. In response to detecting the gesture on the respective image of the open application ( 716 ), the device performs the following actions. The device displays ( 718 ) a respective application view (e.g., mail application view  5004 - 4  in  FIG. 5CC ) on the touch-sensitive display for a corresponding application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The respective application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications (e.g., mail application view  5004 - 4  in  FIG. 5CC ). The device ceases ( 720 ) to display the three-dimensional stack of open application icons, and exits ( 722 ) the application view selection mode. 
     Note that details of the processes described above with respect to method  700  (e.g.,  FIGS. 7 and 5A-5HH ) are also applicable in an analogous manner to the methods described below. For example, methods  800 ,  900 ,  1000 , and  1100  may include one or more of the characteristics of the various methods described above with reference to method  700 . For brevity, these details are not repeated below. 
       FIGS. 8A-8C  are flow diagrams illustrating method  800  of selecting one of concurrently open applications in accordance with some embodiments. Method  800  is performed at a multifunction device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG. 3 , or portable multifunction device  100 ,  FIG. 1 ) with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is a touch screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method  800  may be combined and/or the order of some operations may be changed. 
     As described below, method  800  provides an intuitive way to select one of concurrently open applications. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when selecting one of concurrently open application, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated computing devices, enabling a user to select one of concurrently open applications faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     The device displays ( 802 ) a first application view at a first size (e.g., the first size of the application view occupies all or substantially all (e.g., at least 80% or 90%) of the touch sensitive display) on a touch-sensitive display (e.g., map application view  5004 - 1  in  FIG. 5B  occupies at least 80% of touch screen  112 ). The first application view corresponds ( 804 ) to a first application in a plurality of concurrently open applications, and the first application view is displayed ( 806 ) without concurrently displaying at the first size an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. 
     The device detects ( 808 ) a first input (e.g., input  507  in  FIG. 5B ). In response to detecting the first input ( 810 ), the device enters ( 812 ) an application view selection mode for selecting one of the concurrently open applications for display in a corresponding application view, and displays ( 814 ) in a predefined area images of open applications (e.g., images of open application  5008  in  FIG. 5Q ). Typically, the images of open applications are user selectable, and the images of open applications, when selected (e.g., by a gesture), initiate certain processes associated with them (e.g., displaying a corresponding application view). 
     In some embodiments, the images of open applications in the predefined area are displayed ( 826  in  FIG. 8B ) in a single scrollable row or column (e.g., images of open applications  5008  in  FIG. 5O ). In some embodiments, the images of open applications in the predefined area are displayed ( 828 ) in a grid (e.g., images of open applications  5008  in a grid in  FIG. 5Q ). The grid includes at least two rows of images of open applications. 
     In some embodiments, the device concurrently displays ( 830 ) the predefined area and a search icon (e.g., search icon  5104  in  FIG. 5V ). In some embodiments, the device detects ( 832 ) a gesture (e.g.,  521  in  FIG. 5V ) at a location that corresponds to the search icon, and in response to detecting the gesture at the location that corresponds to the search icon, the device displays a search input user interface (e.g., the user interface in  FIG. 5W , including keyboard  5014 ), receives one or more search terms in the search input user interface, performs a search using the one or more search terms, and displays results of the search. 
     Each image (e.g., live thumbnails) is displayed ( 834 ) at a second size that is smaller than the first size. For example, each image  5008  in  FIG. 5Q  is smaller than map application view  5004 - 1  in  FIG. 5B . In some embodiments, the images are updated to display reduced-size images of corresponding applications (or current views in the corresponding application). 
     The images and corresponding open application icons correspond ( 844 ) to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications. For example, in  FIG. 5R , image  5008 - 10  and application icon  5002 - 36  correspond to a mail application. Therefore, in some embodiments, removing image  5008 - 10  and application icon  5002 - 36  closes the corresponding mail application in device  100 . 
     In some embodiments, a grid of reduced-scale images of open applications and/or open application icons are displayed in a predefined area within a search user interface (e.g., as a linear array or as an array with at least two rows) (e.g., application icons  5002  in  FIG. 5W ). 
     The device detects ( 816  in  FIG. 8A ) a gesture on a respective image of an open application in the predefined area (e.g., a gesture on image  5008 - 10 , not shown). In response to detecting the gesture on the respective image ( 818 ), the device performs the following actions. The device displays ( 820 ) a respective application view at the first size on the touch-sensitive display for a corresponding application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The respective application view is displayed without concurrently displaying at the first size an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications (e.g., mail application view  5004 - 4  in  FIG. 5BB ). The device ceases ( 822 ) to display the images and corresponding open application icons in the predefined area, and exits ( 824 ) the application view selection mode. 
     In some embodiments, displaying in the predefined area images of open applications includes ( 836  in  FIG. 8C ) concurrently displaying a corresponding open application icon with each image (e.g., in  FIG. 5S , application icons  5002 - 36 ,  5002 - 37 , and  5002 - 38  are concurrently displayed with images  5008 - 10 ,  5008 - 11 , and  5008 - 12 ). The images and corresponding open application icons correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications. In response to detecting the gesture on the respective image, the device ceases to display the images and corresponding open application icons in the predefined area. The concurrent display of images and application icons provide several benefits. In particular, a user can easily identify the application to which a respective reduced image corresponds to. Without the concurrent display of application icons, it can be difficult to distinguish multiple images with similar background. Therefore, providing the concurrent display of application icons with the images reduces the cognitive burden on a user and makes a better human-machine interface. 
     In some embodiments, a respective open application icon in the predefined area is displayed ( 838 ) adjacent to the image of the corresponding open application (not shown). In some embodiments, a respective open application icon in the predefined area is displayed ( 840 ) at least partially overlapping the image of the corresponding open application (e.g., application icons  5002  in  FIG. 5R ). In some embodiments, a respective open application icon in the predefined area is displayed ( 842 ) entirely overlapping the image of the corresponding open application (not shown). 
     Note that details of the processes described above with respect to method  800  (e.g.,  FIGS. 8A-8C and 5A-5HH ) are also applicable in an analogous manner to the methods described below. For example, methods  900 ,  1000 , and  1100  may include one or more of the characteristics of the various methods described above with reference to method  800 . For brevity, these details are not repeated below. 
       FIG. 9  is a flow diagram illustrating method  900  of selecting one of concurrently open applications in accordance with some embodiments. Method  900  is performed at a multifunction device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG. 3 , or portable multifunction device  100 ,  FIG. 1 ) with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is a touch screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method  900  may be combined and/or the order of some operations may be changed. 
     As described below, method  900  provides an intuitive way to select one of concurrently open applications. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when selecting one of concurrently open application, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated computing devices, enabling a user to select one of concurrently open applications faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     The device displays ( 902 ) a first application view at a first size (e.g., the first size of the application view occupies more than 50% of the touch sensitive display) on a touch-sensitive display. The first application view corresponds ( 904 ) to a first application in a plurality of concurrently open applications. The first application view is displayed ( 906 ) without concurrently displaying at the first size an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. For example, in  FIG. 5B , map application view  5004 - 1  is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application. 
     The device concurrently displays ( 908 ) in a predefined area, images of open applications (e.g.,  FIG. 5O ). Each image is displayed ( 910 ) at a second size that is smaller than the first size (e.g., live thumbnails). The images correspond ( 912 ) to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications. In some embodiments, concurrently displaying in the predefined area images of open applications includes ( 914 ) concurrently displaying a corresponding open application icon with each image. The images and corresponding open application icons correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications. 
     The device detects ( 916 ) a gesture on a respective image of an open application in the predefined area. In response to detecting the gesture on the respective image, the device displays ( 918 ) a respective application view at the first size on the touch-sensitive display for a corresponding application in the plurality of concurrently open applications (e.g., a gesture on image  5008 - 10  of an email application initiates the display of mail application view  5004 - 4 , as shown in  5 CC). The respective application view is displayed without concurrently displaying at the first size an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications (e.g., mail application view  5004 - 4  in  5 CC). 
     Note that details of the processes described above with respect to method  900  (e.g.,  FIGS. 9 and 5A-5HH ) are also applicable in an analogous manner to the methods described below. For example, methods  1000  and  1100  may include one or more of the characteristics of the various methods described above with reference to method  900 . For brevity, these details are not repeated below. 
       FIG. 10  is a flow diagram illustrating method  1000  of selecting one of concurrently open applications in accordance with some embodiments. Method  1000  is performed at a multifunction device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG. 3 , or portable multifunction device  100 ,  FIG. 1 ) with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is a touch screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method  1000  may be combined and/or the order of some operations may be changed. 
     As described below, method  1000  provides an intuitive way to select one of concurrently open applications. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when selecting one of concurrently open application, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated computing devices, enabling a user to select one of concurrently open applications faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     While in an application view selection mode for selecting one of a plurality of concurrently open applications for display in a corresponding application view ( 1002 ), the device performs the following actions. 
     The device displays ( 1004 ) in a predefined area, an initial group of open application icons that correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications (e.g., application icons  5002  in  FIG. 5C ). 
     The device detects ( 1006 ) a gesture in the predefined area. In response to detecting the gesture in the predefined area ( 1008 ), the device performs one of the following actions. 
     When the gesture is a first scroll gesture in a first direction (e.g., a right-to-left swipe gesture), the device scrolls ( 1010 ) to display other open application icons in the plurality of concurrently open application icons in the predefined area (e.g., application icons in  FIG. 5E-5F ). 
     When the gesture is a second scroll gesture in a second direction opposite the first direction (e.g., a left-to-right swipe gesture), the device scrolls ( 1012 ) to display settings icons in the predefined area (e.g., settings icons  5102  in  FIGS. 5L-5M ). In some embodiments, when the gesture is a second scroll gesture in a second direction different from the first direction (e.g., a top-to-bottom swipe gesture), the device scrolls to display settings icons in the predefined area. 
     When the gesture is a first gesture (e.g., a tap gesture) on a respective open application icon ( 1014 ), the device displays ( 1016 ) a respective application view on the touch-sensitive display for a corresponding application in the plurality of concurrently open applications, ceases ( 1020 ) to display open application icons in the predefined area, and exits ( 1022 ) the application view selection mode (and enters a normal operation mode for the respective application). In some embodiments, the respective application view is displayed ( 1018 ) without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. 
     In some embodiments, when the gesture is a first gesture (e.g., a tap gesture) on a respective settings icon, the device changes a corresponding setting, ceases to display open application icons in the predefined area, and exits the application view selection mode (and enters a normal operation mode for the respective application). 
     In some embodiments, in response to detecting the gesture in the predefined area, when the gesture is a second gesture (e.g., tap-and-hold gesture  513  in  FIG. 5G ) that is distinct from the first gesture, on a respective open application icon, the device displays ( 1024 ) a close-application icon for closing a corresponding application (e.g., an “X” icon or “-” icon  5002 - 38  in  FIG. 5H  on or proximate to the open application icon). 
     Note that details of the processes described above with respect to method  1000  (e.g.,  FIGS. 10 and 5A-5HH ) are also applicable in an analogous manner to the methods described below. For example, method  1100  may include one or more of the characteristics of the various methods described above with reference to method  1000 . For brevity, these details are not repeated below. 
       FIGS. 11A-11B  are flow diagrams illustrating method  1100  of selecting one of concurrently open applications in accordance with some embodiments. Method  1100  is performed at a multifunction device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG. 3 , or portable multifunction device  100 ,  FIG. 1 ) with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is a touch screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method  1100  may be combined and/or the order of some operations may be changed. 
     As described below, method  1100  provides an intuitive way to select one of concurrently open applications. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when selecting one of concurrently open application, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated computing devices, enabling a user to select one of concurrently open applications faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     The device displays ( 1102 ) a first application view at a first size in a first application (e.g., in  FIG. 5CC , mail application view  5004 - 4  in a mail application). The first application view includes a user selectable object (e.g., link  5020 - 1 ) associated with a second application (e.g., a web browser application) that is distinct from the first application. 
     The device detects ( 1104 ) a first gesture at a location that corresponds to the user selectable object (e.g., gesture  525  in  FIG. 5CC ). In response to detecting the first gesture ( 1106 ), the device ceases ( 1108 ) to display the first application view, and displays ( 1110 ) a second application view in the second application (e.g., browser application view  5004 - 5  in  FIG. 5DD ). In some embodiments, the second application view replaces the first application view (e.g., in  FIGS. 5CC-5DD , browser application view  5004 - 5  replaces mail application view  5004 - 4 ). 
     While in the second application, the device detects ( 1112 ) an input (e.g., input  527  in  FIG. 5DD ). In response to detecting the input ( 1114 ), the device performs the following actions. The device enters ( 1116 ) an application view selection mode for selecting one of a plurality of concurrently open applications for display in a corresponding application view. The device displays ( 1118 ) images of open applications in a first predefined area (e.g., images  5008 - 12  and  5008 - 10  in  FIG. 5EE ). The images of open applications correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications. In some embodiments, the images are displayed as a scrollable linear strip of images (e.g., images  5008  are scrollable as shown in  FIGS. 5EE-5FF ). Each image is displayed at a second size that is smaller than the first size (e.g., live thumbnails). The images include an image of the first application view and an image of a view in the second application (e.g., image  5008 - 12  of a browser application view and image  5008 - 10  of a mail application view). The device displays ( 1120 ) in a second predefined area that is distinct from the first predefined area, a portion of a view with application icons for launching applications (e.g., a home screen or springboard with application icons) (e.g., a portion of “home screen”  5001 ). 
     In some embodiments, the device displays images of open applications that are logically connected. For example, assume that in a mail application (e.g.,  FIG. 5CC ), a web browser application is opened (e.g.,  FIG. 5DD ). Also assume that in the web browser application, an electronic book application is opened (not shown). Then, the device displays images of a subset of the mail application, the web browser application, and the electronic book application, regardless of any other concurrently open applications. 
     While in the application view selection mode, the device detects ( 1122 ) a second gesture (e.g., a tap gesture). In response to detecting the second gesture ( 1124 ), the device performs one of the following actions. 
     When the second gesture is at a location corresponding to the image of the first application view ( 1126 ) (e.g., gesture  535  in  FIG. 5EE ), the device displays ( 1128 ) the first application view at the first size in the first application (e.g., map application view  5004 - 4  in  FIG. 5CC ), ceases ( 1130 ) to display the images in the first predefined area, and exits ( 1132 ) the application view selection mode (and enters a normal operation mode for the respective application). 
     When the second gesture is at a location corresponding to the second predefined area ( 1134 ) (e.g., gesture  533  in  FIG. 5FF ), the device displays ( 1136 ) the view with application icons for launching applications (in other words, displaying the view with application launch items in its entirety, rather than displaying just a portion of this view) (e.g., home screen  5001  as shown in  FIG. 5HH ), ceases ( 1138 ) to display the images in the first predefined area, and exits ( 1140 ) the application view selection mode (and enters a normal operation mode for launching applications from the view with application icons). 
     In some embodiments, when the second gesture is at a location corresponding to an image of a respective application in the first predefined area ( 1142 ), the device displays ( 1144 ) a respective application view on the touch-sensitive display for a corresponding application in the plurality of concurrently open applications, ceases ( 1148 ) to display the images in the first predefined area, and exits ( 1150 ) the application view selection mode (and enters a normal operation mode for the respective application). For example, in response to detecting gesture  531  at a location corresponding to image  5008 - 6  of a map application, map application view is displayed on the display (e.g.,  FIG. 5GG ). 
     In some embodiments, the respective application view is displayed ( 1146 ) without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications (e.g.,  FIG. 5GG ). 
     The operations in the information processing methods described above may be implemented by running one or more functional modules in information processing apparatus such as general purpose processors or application specific chips. These modules, combinations of these modules, and/or their combination with general hardware (e.g., as described above with respect to  FIGS. 1A, 1B and 3 ) are all included within the scope of protection of the invention. 
     The operations described above with reference to  FIGS. 6A-6C, 7, 8A-8C, 9, 10, and 11A-11B  may be implemented by components depicted in  FIGS. 1A-1C . For example, detection operation  604 , application view selection mode entering operation  608 , and exiting operation  622 —may be implemented by event sorter  170 , event recognizer  180 , and event handler  190 . Event monitor  171  in event sorter  170  detects a contact on touch-sensitive display  112 , and event dispatcher module  174  delivers the event information to application  136 - 1 . A respective event recognizer  180  of application  136 - 1  compares the event information to respective event definitions  186 , and determines whether a first contact at a first location on the touch-sensitive surface (or whether rotation of the device) corresponds to a predefined event or sub-event, such as selection of an object on a user interface, or rotation of the device from one orientation to another. When a respective predefined event or sub-event is detected, event recognizer  180  activates an event handler  190  associated with the detection of the event or sub-event. Event handler  190  may utilize or call data updater  176 , object updater  177  or GUI updater  178  to update the application internal state  192 . In some embodiments, event handler  190  accesses a respective GUI updater  178  to update what is displayed by the application. Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in the art how other processes can be implemented based on the components depicted in  FIGS. 1A-1C . 
     The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20181217
Publication Date: 20210112
Grant Date: 20210112
Priority Date: 20100407
Inventors: CHAUDHRI, IMRAN
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G06F3/0482", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0485", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04817", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04817", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0488", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0482", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F9/451", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04817", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0485", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F9/451", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0485", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04842", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0482", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F9/451", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04817", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0485", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0488", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04842", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 44761839