PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-11995783-B2
Application Number: US-202318126352-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Systems, methods, and graphical user interfaces for sharing augmented reality environments

Abstract:
A first electronic device with one or more processors, memory, one or more cameras, and a display generation component captures, with the one or more cameras, an image of a second electronic device that includes position information displayed via a display generation component of the second electronic device. The position information indicates a location of the second electronic device within an augmented reality environment that includes a physical environment in which the first electronic device and the second electronic device are located. The first electronic device, after capturing the image of the second electronic device that includes the position information, displays, via the display generation component of the first electronic device, one or more virtual objects within the augmented reality (AR) environment using the position information captured from the second electronic device.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A method, comprising:
 at a first computer system that includes and/or is in communication with one or more display devices: 
 while an augmented reality environment is visible via the one or more display devices of the first computer system, detecting presence of a second computer system in the augmented reality environment that is displaying a computer readable code; and 
 in response to detecting the presence of the second computer system that is displaying the computer readable code:
 concurrently displaying, at the first computer system, the computer readable code and a joining user interface that includes an option to enable scanning the computer readable code; 
 detecting an input selecting the option to enable scanning the computer readable code; and 
 after detecting the input selecting the option to enable scanning the computer readable code, updating one or more virtual elements of the augmented reality environment that is visible via the one or more display devices of the first computer system based on information about the second computer system that was obtained based on the computer readable code. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the information about the second computer system that was obtained based on the computer readable code enables data synchronization between the first computer system and the second computer system. 
     
     
       3. The method of  claim 2 , wherein the data synchronization between the first computer system and the second computer system includes synchronization of position information of the first computer system relative to the second computer system. 
     
     
       4. The method of  claim 1 , further including:
 after detecting the presence of the second computer system that is displaying the computer readable code, scanning, at the first computer system, the computer readable code displayed by the second computer system, 
 wherein updating the one or more virtual elements of the augmented reality environment that is visible via the one or more display devices of the first computer system is performed in response to scanning the computer readable code displayed by the second computer system. 
 
     
     
       5. The method of  claim 4 , further including, before scanning the computer readable code displayed by the second computer system, detecting a user input corresponding to a request to enable scanning the computer readable code. 
     
     
       6. The method of  claim 5 , wherein the user input is directed to a prompt that is displayed based on a wireless signal from the second computer system. 
     
     
       7. The method of  claim 5 , wherein the user input includes gaze based input. 
     
     
       8. The method of  claim 4 , including, after scanning the computer readable code and before updating the one or more virtual elements of the augmented reality environment that is visible via the one or more display devices of the first computer system, displaying, via the one or more display devices of the first computer system, a prompt based on the information about the second computer system that was obtained based on the computer readable code. 
     
     
       9. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the first computer system is a head-mounted device. 
     
     
       10. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the second computer system is a handheld device. 
     
     
       11. A first computer system, comprising:
 one or more processors; and 
 memory storing one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for:
 while an augmented reality environment is visible via one or more display devices included in and/or in communication with the first computer system, detecting presence of a second computer system in the augmented reality environment that is displaying a computer readable code; and 
 in response to detecting the presence of the second computer system that is displaying the computer readable code:
 concurrently displaying, at the first computer system, the computer readable code and a joining user interface that includes an option to enable scanning the computer readable code; 
 detecting an input selecting the option to enable scanning the computer readable code; and 
 after detecting the input selecting the option to enable scanning the computer readable code, updating one or more virtual elements of the augmented reality environment that is visible via the one or more display devices of the first computer system based on information about the second computer system that was obtained based on the computer readable code. 
 
 
 
     
     
       12. The first computer system of  claim 11 , wherein the information about the second computer system that was obtained based on the computer readable code enables data synchronization between the first computer system and the second computer system. 
     
     
       13. The first computer system of  claim 12 , wherein the data synchronization between the first computer system and the second computer system includes synchronization of position information of the first computer system relative to the second computer system. 
     
     
       14. The first computer system of  claim 11 , the one or more programs further including instructions for:
 after detecting the presence of the second computer system that is displaying the computer readable code, scanning, at the first computer system, the computer readable code displayed by the second computer system, 
 wherein updating the one or more virtual elements of the augmented reality environment that is visible via the one or more display devices of the first computer system is performed in response to scanning the computer readable code displayed by the second computer system. 
 
     
     
       15. The first computer system of  claim 14 , the one or more programs further including instructions for, before scanning the computer readable code displayed by the second computer system, detecting a user input corresponding to a request to enable scanning the computer readable code. 
     
     
       16. The first computer system of  claim 15 , wherein the user input is directed to a prompt that is displayed based on a wireless signal from the second computer system. 
     
     
       17. The first computer system of  claim 15 , wherein the user input includes gaze based input. 
     
     
       18. The first computer system of  claim 14 , the one or more programs further including instructions for, after scanning the computer readable code and before updating the one or more virtual elements of the augmented reality environment that is visible via the one or more display devices of the first computer system, displaying, via the one or more display devices of the first computer system, a prompt based on the information about the second computer system that was obtained based on the computer readable code. 
     
     
       19. The first computer system of  claim 11 , wherein the first computer system is a head-mounted device. 
     
     
       20. The first computer system of  claim 11 , wherein the second computer system is a handheld device. 
     
     
       21. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions that, when executed by a first computer system that includes and/or is in communication with one or more display devices, cause the first computer system to:
 while an augmented reality environment is visible via the one or more display devices of the first computer system, detect presence of a second computer system in the augmented reality environment that is displaying a computer readable code; and 
 in response to detecting the presence of the second computer system that is displaying the computer readable code:
 concurrently display, at the first computer system, the computer readable code and a joining user interface that includes an option to enable scanning the computer readable code; 
 detect an input selecting the option to enable scanning the computer readable code; and 
 after detecting the input selecting the option to enable scanning the computer readable code, update one or more virtual elements of the augmented reality environment that is visible via the one or more display devices of the first computer system based on information about the second computer system that was obtained based on the computer readable code. 
 
 
     
     
       22. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 21 , wherein the information about the second computer system that was obtained based on the computer readable code enables data synchronization between the first computer system and the second computer system. 
     
     
       23. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 22 , wherein the data synchronization between the first computer system and the second computer system includes synchronization of position information of the first computer system relative to the second computer system. 
     
     
       24. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 21 , wherein the one or more programs further cause the first computer system to:
 after detecting the presence of the second computer system that is displaying the computer readable code, scan, at the first computer system, the computer readable code displayed by the second computer system, 
 wherein updating the one or more virtual elements of the augmented reality environment that is visible via the one or more display devices of the first computer system is performed in response to scanning the computer readable code displayed by the second computer system. 
 
     
     
       25. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 24 , wherein the one or more programs further cause the first computer system to, before scanning the computer readable code displayed by the second computer system, detect a user input corresponding to a request to enable scanning the computer readable code. 
     
     
       26. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 25 , wherein the user input is directed to a prompt that is displayed based on a wireless signal from the second computer system. 
     
     
       27. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 25 , wherein the user input includes gaze based input. 
     
     
       28. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 24 , wherein the one or more programs further cause the first computer system to, after scanning the computer readable code and before updating the one or more virtual elements of the augmented reality environment that is visible via the one or more display devices of the first computer system, display, via the one or more display devices of the first computer system, a prompt based on the information about the second computer system that was obtained based on the computer readable code. 
     
     
       29. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 21 , wherein the first computer system is a head-mounted device. 
     
     
       30. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 21 , wherein the second computer system is a handheld device.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 17/481,193, filed Sep. 21, 2021, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/082,940, filed Sep. 24, 2020, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This relates generally to computer systems for augmented reality, including but not limited to electronic devices that display virtual objects in a shared augmented reality environment. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The development of computer systems for augmented reality has increased significantly in recent years. But methods and interfaces for interacting with environments that include at least some virtual elements (e.g., augmented reality environments, mixed reality environments, and virtual reality environments) are cumbersome and inefficient. 
     For example, systems that require users to start a new virtual/augmented reality environment to add other users when the environment begins, systems that require users to identify and create a shared anchor point from a particular object in the physical world, and systems that do not allow multiple users to share and view virtual objects on a plurality of devices, create a significant burden on a user and detract from the experience with the virtual/augmented reality environment. In addition, these methods take longer than necessary, thereby wasting energy. This latter consideration is particularly important in battery-operated devices. 
     SUMMARY 
     Accordingly, there is a need for computer systems with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for sharing virtual/augmented reality environments. Such methods and interfaces optionally complement or replace conventional methods for sharing virtual/augmented reality environments. Such methods and interfaces reduce the number, extent, and/or nature of the inputs from a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges. 
     The above deficiencies and other problems associated with user interfaces for virtual/augmented reality are reduced or eliminated by the disclosed computer systems. In some embodiments, the computer system includes a desktop computer. In some embodiments, the computer system is portable (e.g., a notebook computer, tablet computer, or handheld device). In some embodiments, the computer system includes a personal electronic device (e.g., a wearable electronic device, such as a watch). In some embodiments, the computer system has (and/or is in communication with) a touchpad. In some embodiments, the computer system has (and/or is in communication with) a touch-sensitive display (also known as a “touch screen” or “touch-screen display”). In some embodiments, the computer system has a graphical user interface (GUI), one or more processors, memory and one or more modules, programs or sets of instructions stored in the memory for performing multiple functions. In some embodiments, the user interacts with the GUI in part through stylus and/or finger contacts and gestures on the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the functions optionally include game playing, image editing, drawing, presenting, word processing, spreadsheet making, telephoning, video conferencing, e-mailing, instant messaging, workout support, digital photographing, digital videoing, web browsing, digital music playing, note taking, and/or digital video playing. Executable instructions for performing these functions are, optionally, included in a non-transitory computer readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with one or more processors, memory, and one or more cameras, that is in communication with a display generation component. The method includes capturing, with the one or more cameras, an image of a second electronic device that includes position information displayed via a display generation component of the second electronic device. The position information indicates a location of the second electronic device within an augmented reality environment that includes a physical environment in which the first electronic device and the second electronic device are located. The method further includes, after capturing the image of the second electronic device that includes the position information, displaying, via the display generation component of the first electronic device, one or more virtual objects within the augmented reality (AR) environment using the position information captured from the second electronic device. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computer system includes (and/or is in communication with) a display generation component (e.g., a display, a projector, a head-mounted display, a heads-up display, or the like), one or more cameras (e.g., video cameras that continuously, or repeatedly at regular intervals, provide a live preview of at least a portion of the contents that are within the field of view of the cameras and optionally generate video outputs including one or more streams of image frames capturing the contents within the field of view of the cameras), and one or more input devices (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface, such as a touch-sensitive remote control, or a touch-screen display that also serves as the display generation component, a mouse, a joystick, a wand controller, and/or cameras tracking the position of one or more features of the user such as the user&#39;s hands), optionally one or more pose sensors, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more tactile output generators, one or more processors, and memory storing one or more programs. The one or more programs are configured to be executed by the one or more processors and the one or more programs include instructions for performing or causing performance of the operations of any of the methods described herein. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computer readable storage medium has stored therein instructions that, when executed by a computer system that includes (and/or is in communication with) a display generation component, one or more cameras, one or more input devices, optionally one or more pose sensors, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, and optionally one or more tactile output generators, cause the computer system to perform or cause performance of the operations of any of the methods described herein. In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface on a computer system that includes (and/or is in communication with) a display generation component, one or more cameras, one or more input devices, optionally one or more pose sensors, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more tactile output generators, a memory, and one or more processors to execute one or more programs stored in the memory includes one or more of the elements displayed in any of the methods described herein, which are updated in response to inputs, as described in any of the methods described herein. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computer system includes (and/or is in communication with) a display generation component, one or more cameras, one or more input devices, optionally one or more pose sensors, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more tactile output generators, and means for performing or causing performance of the operations of any of the methods described herein. In accordance with some embodiments, an information processing apparatus, for use in a computer system that includes (and/or is in communication with) a display generation component, one or more cameras, one or more input devices, optionally one or more pose sensors, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, and optionally one or more tactile output generators, includes means for performing or causing performance of the operations of any of the methods described herein. 
     Thus, computer systems that have (and/or are in communication with) a display generation component, one or more cameras, one or more input devices, optionally one or more pose sensors, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, and optionally one or more tactile output generators, are provided with improved methods and interfaces for sharing virtual/augmented reality environments, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such computer systems. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for sharing virtual/augmented reality environments. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a better understanding of the various described embodiments, reference should be made to the Description of Embodiments below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures. 
         FIG.  1 A  is a block diagram illustrating a portable multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  1 B  is a block diagram illustrating example components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  1 C  is a block diagram illustrating a tactile output module in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  2    illustrates a portable multifunction device having a touch screen in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  3 A  is a block diagram of an example multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS.  3 B- 3 C  are block diagrams of example computer systems in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  4 A  illustrates an example user interface for a menu of applications on a portable multifunction device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  4 B  illustrates an example user interface for a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS.  5 A- 5 L  illustrate example user interfaces for sharing augmented reality environments between electronic devices in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS.  6 A- 6 B  are flow diagrams of a process for sharing, between electronic devices, virtual objects within an augmented reality environment in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     A virtual object is a graphical representation of a three-dimensional object in a virtual environment. Conventional methods and interfaces for interacting with environments that include at least some virtual elements (e.g., augmented reality environments, mixed reality environments, and virtual reality environments) are cumbersome and inefficient. For example, systems that require users to start a new virtual/augmented reality environment to add other users when the environment begins, systems that require users to identify and create a shared anchor point from a particular object in the physical world, and systems that do not allow multiple users to share and view virtual objects on a plurality of devices, create a significant burden on a user and detract from the experience with the virtual/augmented reality environment. Further, conventional methods require a cumbersome series of inputs for sharing an AR environment that includes virtual objects, between a plurality of electronic devices. The embodiments herein provide an intuitive way for a user to share objects within an AR environment with other devices. 
     The systems, methods, and GUIs described herein improve user interface interactions with virtual/augmented reality environments in multiple ways. For example, they make it easier to: share an augmented reality environment from a first device to a second device and synchronize the augmented reality (AR) environment across devices, such that virtual objects within the AR environment are displayed on respective devices at positions within the AR environment (relative to where the device is located in the AR environment). 
     Below,  FIGS.  1 A- 1 B,  2 , and  3    provide a description of example devices.  FIGS.  4 A- 4 B and  5 A- 5 L  illustrate example user interfaces for sharing virtual/augmented reality environments.  FIGS.  6 A- 6 B  illustrate a flow diagram of a method of sharing, between electronic devices, virtual objects within an augmented reality environment. The user interfaces in  FIGS.  5 A- 5 L  are used to illustrate the processes in  FIGS.  6 A- 6 B . 
     Example Devices 
     Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the various described embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments. 
     It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. are, in some instances, used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first contact could be termed a second contact, and, similarly, a second contact could be termed a first contact, without departing from the scope of the various described embodiments. The first contact and the second contact are both contacts, but they are not the same contact, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. 
     The terminology used in the description of the various described embodiments herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various described embodiments and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     As used herein, the term “if” is, optionally, construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” is, optionally, construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event],” depending on the context. 
     Computer systems for virtual/augmented reality include electronic devices that produce virtual/augmented reality environments. Embodiments of electronic devices, user interfaces for such devices, and associated processes for using such devices are described. In some embodiments, the device is a portable communications device, such as a mobile telephone, that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/or music player functions. Example embodiments of portable multifunction devices include, without limitation, the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California. Other portable electronic devices, such as laptops or tablet computers with touch-sensitive surfaces (e.g., touch-screen displays and/or touchpads), are, optionally, used. It should also be understood that, in some embodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but is a desktop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch-screen display and/or a touchpad) that also includes, or is in communication with, one or more cameras. 
     In the discussion that follows, a computer system that includes an electronic device that has (and/or is in communication with) a display and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should be understood, however, that the computer system optionally includes one or more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physical keyboard, a mouse, a joystick, a wand controller, and/or cameras tracking the position of one or more features of the user such as the user&#39;s hands. 
     The device typically supports a variety of applications, such as one or more of the following: a gaming application, a note taking application, a drawing application, a presentation application, a word processing application, a spreadsheet application, a telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, a workout support application, a photo management application, a digital camera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing application, a digital music player application, and/or a digital video player application. 
     The various applications that are executed on the device optionally use at least one common physical user-interface device, such as the touch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitive surface as well as corresponding information displayed by the device are, optionally, adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physical architecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the device optionally supports the variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and transparent to the user. 
     Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable devices with touch-sensitive displays.  FIG.  1 A  is a block diagram illustrating portable multifunction device  100  with touch-sensitive display system  112  in accordance with some embodiments. Touch-sensitive display system  112  is sometimes called a “touch screen” for convenience, and is sometimes simply called a touch-sensitive display. Device  100  includes memory  102  (which optionally includes one or more computer readable storage mediums), memory controller  122 , one or more processing units (CPUs)  120 , peripherals interface  118 , RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , input/output (I/O) subsystem  106 , other input or control devices  116 , and external port  124 . Device  100  optionally includes one or more optical sensors  164  (e.g., as part of one or more cameras). Device  100  optionally includes one or more intensity sensors  165  for detecting intensities of contacts on device  100  (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive display system  112  of device  100 ). Device  100  optionally includes one or more tactile output generators  163  for generating tactile outputs on device  100  (e.g., generating tactile outputs on a touch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive display system  112  of device  100  or touchpad  355  of device  300 ). These components optionally communicate over one or more communication buses or signal lines  103 . 
     As used in the specification and claims, the term “tactile output” refers to physical displacement of a device relative to a previous position of the device, physical displacement of a component (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface) of a device relative to another component (e.g., housing) of the device, or displacement of the component relative to a center of mass of the device that will be detected by a user with the user&#39;s sense of touch. For example, in situations where the device or the component of the device is in contact with a surface of a user that is sensitive to touch (e.g., a finger, palm, or other part of a user&#39;s hand), the tactile output generated by the physical displacement will be interpreted by the user as a tactile sensation corresponding to a perceived change in physical characteristics of the device or the component of the device. For example, movement of a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch-sensitive display or trackpad) is, optionally, interpreted by the user as a “down click” or “up click” of a physical actuator button. In some cases, a user will feel a tactile sensation such as an “down click” or “up click” even when there is no movement of a physical actuator button associated with the touch-sensitive surface that is physically pressed (e.g., displaced) by the user&#39;s movements. As another example, movement of the touch-sensitive surface is, optionally, interpreted or sensed by the user as “roughness” of the touch-sensitive surface, even when there is no change in smoothness of the touch-sensitive surface. While such interpretations of touch by a user will be subject to the individualized sensory perceptions of the user, there are many sensory perceptions of touch that are common to a large majority of users. Thus, when a tactile output is described as corresponding to a particular sensory perception of a user (e.g., an “up click,” a “down click,” “roughness”), unless otherwise stated, the generated tactile output corresponds to physical displacement of the device or a component thereof that will generate the described sensory perception for a typical (or average) user. Using tactile outputs to provide haptic feedback to a user enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, a tactile output pattern specifies characteristics of a tactile output, such as the amplitude of the tactile output, the shape of a movement waveform of the tactile output, the frequency of the tactile output, and/or the duration of the tactile output. 
     When tactile outputs with different tactile output patterns are generated by a device (e.g., via one or more tactile output generators that move a moveable mass to generate tactile outputs), the tactile outputs may invoke different haptic sensations in a user holding or touching the device. While the sensation of the user is based on the user&#39;s perception of the tactile output, most users will be able to identify changes in waveform, frequency, and amplitude of tactile outputs generated by the device. Thus, the waveform, frequency and amplitude can be adjusted to indicate to the user that different operations have been performed. As such, tactile outputs with tactile output patterns that are designed, selected, and/or engineered to simulate characteristics (e.g., size, material, weight, stiffness, smoothness, etc.); behaviors (e.g., oscillation, displacement, acceleration, rotation, expansion, etc.); and/or interactions (e.g., collision, adhesion, repulsion, attraction, friction, etc.) of objects in a given environment (e.g., a user interface that includes graphical features and objects, a simulated physical environment with virtual boundaries and virtual objects, a real physical environment with physical boundaries and physical objects, and/or a combination of any of the above) will, in some circumstances, provide helpful feedback to users that reduces input errors and increases the efficiency of the user&#39;s operation of the device. Additionally, tactile outputs are, optionally, generated to correspond to feedback that is unrelated to a simulated physical characteristic, such as an input threshold or a selection of an object. Such tactile outputs will, in some circumstances, provide helpful feedback to users that reduces input errors and increases the efficiency of the user&#39;s operation of the device. 
     In some embodiments, a tactile output with a suitable tactile output pattern serves as a cue for the occurrence of an event of interest in a user interface or behind the scenes in a device. Examples of the events of interest include activation of an affordance (e.g., a real or virtual button, or toggle switch) provided on the device or in a user interface, success or failure of a requested operation, reaching or crossing a boundary in a user interface, entry into a new state, switching of input focus between objects, activation of a new mode, reaching or crossing an input threshold, detection or recognition of a type of input or gesture, etc. In some embodiments, tactile outputs are provided to serve as a warning or an alert for an impending event or outcome that would occur unless a redirection or interruption input is timely detected. Tactile outputs are also used in other contexts to enrich the user experience, improve the accessibility of the device to users with visual or motor difficulties or other accessibility needs, and/or improve efficiency and functionality of the user interface and/or the device. Tactile outputs are optionally accompanied with audio outputs and/or visible user interface changes, which further enhance a user&#39;s experience when the user interacts with a user interface and/or the device, and facilitate better conveyance of information regarding the state of the user interface and/or the device, and which reduce input errors and increase the efficiency of the user&#39;s operation of the device. 
     It should be appreciated that device  100  is only one example of a portable multifunction device, and that device  100  optionally has more or fewer components than shown, optionally combines two or more components, or optionally has a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown in  FIG.  1 A  are implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof, including one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits. 
     Memory  102  optionally includes high-speed random access memory and optionally also includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Access to memory  102  by other components of device  100 , such as CPU(s)  120  and the peripherals interface  118 , is, optionally, controlled by memory controller  122 . 
     Peripherals interface  118  can be used to couple input and output peripherals of the device to CPU(s)  120  and memory  102 . The one or more processors  120  run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in memory  102  to perform various functions for device  100  and to process data. 
     In some embodiments, peripherals interface  118 , CPU(s)  120 , and memory controller  122  are, optionally, implemented on a single chip, such as chip  104 . In some other embodiments, they are, optionally, implemented on separate chips. 
     RF (radio frequency) circuitry  108  receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  108  converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  108  optionally includes well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RF circuitry  108  optionally communicates with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), Evolution, Data-Only (EV-DO), HSPA, HSPA+, Dual-Cell HSPA (DC-HSPA), long term evolution (LTE), near field communication (NFC), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11ac, IEEE 802.11ax, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document. 
     Audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , and microphone  113  provide an audio interface between a user and device  100 . Audio circuitry  110  receives audio data from peripherals interface  118 , converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to speaker  111 . Speaker  111  converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves. Audio circuitry  110  also receives electrical signals converted by microphone  113  from sound waves. Audio circuitry  110  converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to peripherals interface  118  for processing. Audio data is, optionally, retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory  102  and/or RF circuitry  108  by peripherals interface  118 . In some embodiments, audio circuitry  110  also includes a headset jack (e.g.,  212 ,  FIG.  2   ). The headset jack provides an interface between audio circuitry  110  and removable audio input/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headset with both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input (e.g., a microphone). 
     I/O subsystem  106  couples input/output peripherals on device  100 , such as touch-sensitive display system  112  and other input or control devices  116 , with peripherals interface  118 . I/O subsystem  106  optionally includes display controller  156 , optical sensor controller  158 , intensity sensor controller  159 , haptic feedback controller  161 , and one or more input controllers  160  for other input or control devices. The one or more input controllers  160  receive/send electrical signals from/to other input or control devices  116 . The other input or control devices  116  optionally include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s)  160  are, optionally, coupled with any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, infrared port, USB port, stylus, and/or a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g.,  208 ,  FIG.  2   ) optionally include an up/down button for volume control of speaker  111  and/or microphone  113 . The one or more buttons optionally include a push button (e.g.,  206 ,  FIG.  2   ). 
     Touch-sensitive display system  112  provides an input interface and an output interface between the device and a user. Display controller  156  receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to touch-sensitive display system  112 . Touch-sensitive display system  112  displays visual output to the user. The visual output optionally includes graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all of the visual output corresponds to user interface objects. As used herein, the term “affordance” refers to a user-interactive graphical user interface object (e.g., a graphical user interface object that is configured to respond to inputs directed toward the graphical user interface object). Examples of user-interactive graphical user interface objects include, without limitation, a button, slider, icon, selectable menu item, switch, hyperlink, or other user interface control. 
     Touch-sensitive display system  112  has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor or set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact. Touch-sensitive display system  112  and display controller  156  (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory  102 ) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on touch-sensitive display system  112  and converts the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages or images) that are displayed on touch-sensitive display system  112 . In some embodiments, a point of contact between touch-sensitive display system  112  and the user corresponds to a finger of the user or a stylus. 
     Touch-sensitive display system  112  optionally uses LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED (light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologies are used in other embodiments. Touch-sensitive display system  112  and display controller  156  optionally detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of a plurality of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with touch-sensitive display system  112 . In some embodiments, projected mutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California. 
     Touch-sensitive display system  112  optionally has a video resolution in excess of 100 dpi. In some embodiments, the touch screen video resolution is in excess of 400 dpi (e.g., 500 dpi, 800 dpi, or greater). The user optionally makes contact with touch-sensitive display system  112  using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to work with finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired by the user. 
     In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, device  100  optionally includes a touchpad for activating or deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output. The touchpad is, optionally, a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from touch-sensitive display system  112  or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen. 
     Device  100  also includes power system  162  for powering the various components. Power system  162  optionally includes a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices. 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more optical sensors  164  (e.g., as part of one or more cameras).  FIG.  1 A  shows an optical sensor coupled with optical sensor controller  158  in I/O subsystem  106 . Optical sensor(s)  164  optionally include charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistors. Optical sensor(s)  164  receive light from the environment, projected through one or more lens, and converts the light to data representing an image. In conjunction with imaging module  143  (also called a camera module), optical sensor(s)  164  optionally capture still images and/or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch-sensitive display system  112  on the front of the device, so that the touch screen is enabled for use as a viewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition. In some embodiments, another optical sensor is located on the front of the device so that the user&#39;s image is obtained (e.g., for selfies, for videoconferencing while the user views the other video conference participants on the touch screen, etc.). 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more contact intensity sensors  165 .  FIG.  1 A  shows a contact intensity sensor coupled with intensity sensor controller  159  in I/O subsystem  106 . Contact intensity sensor(s)  165  optionally include one or more piezoresistive strain gauges, capacitive force sensors, electric force sensors, piezoelectric force sensors, optical force sensors, capacitive touch-sensitive surfaces, or other intensity sensors (e.g., sensors used to measure the force (or pressure) of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface). Contact intensity sensor(s)  165  receive contact intensity information (e.g., pressure information or a proxy for pressure information) from the environment. In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112 ). In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch-screen display system  112  which is located on the front of device  100 . 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more proximity sensors  166 .  FIG.  1 A  shows proximity sensor  166  coupled with peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, proximity sensor  166  is coupled with input controller  160  in I/O subsystem  106 . In some embodiments, the proximity sensor turns off and disables touch-sensitive display system  112  when the multifunction device is placed near the user&#39;s ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call). 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more tactile output generators  163 .  FIG.  1 A  shows a tactile output generator coupled with haptic feedback controller  161  in I/O subsystem  106 . In some embodiments, tactile output generator(s)  163  include one or more electroacoustic devices such as speakers or other audio components and/or electromechanical devices that convert energy into linear motion such as a motor, solenoid, electroactive polymer, piezoelectric actuator, electrostatic actuator, or other tactile output generating component (e.g., a component that converts electrical signals into tactile outputs on the device). Tactile output generator(s)  163  receive tactile feedback generation instructions from haptic feedback module  133  and generates tactile outputs on device  100  that are capable of being sensed by a user of device  100 . In some embodiments, at least one tactile output generator is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112 ) and, optionally, generates a tactile output by moving the touch-sensitive surface vertically (e.g., in/out of a surface of device  100 ) or laterally (e.g., back and forth in the same plane as a surface of device  100 ). In some embodiments, at least one tactile output generator sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch-sensitive display system  112 , which is located on the front of device  100 . 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more accelerometers  167 , gyroscopes  168 , and/or magnetometers  169  (e.g., as part of an inertial measurement unit (IMU)) for obtaining information concerning the pose (e.g., position and orientation or attitude) of the device.  FIG.  1 A  shows sensors  167 ,  168 , and  169  coupled with peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, sensors  167 ,  168 , and  169  are, optionally, coupled with an input controller  160  in I/O subsystem  106 . In some embodiments, information is displayed on the touch-screen display in a portrait view or a landscape view based on an analysis of data received from the one or more accelerometers. Device  100  optionally includes a GPS (or GLONASS or other global navigation system) receiver for obtaining information concerning the location of device  100 . 
     In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory  102  include operating system  126 , communication module (or set of instructions)  128 , contact/motion module (or set of instructions)  130 , graphics module (or set of instructions)  132 , haptic feedback module (or set of instructions)  133 , text input module (or set of instructions)  134 , Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set of instructions)  135 , and applications (or sets of instructions)  136 . Furthermore, in some embodiments, memory  102  stores device/global internal state  157 , as shown in  FIGS.  1 A and  3   . Device/global internal state  157  includes one or more of: active application state, indicating which applications, if any, are currently active; display state, indicating what applications, views or other information occupy various regions of touch-sensitive display system  112 ; sensor state, including information obtained from the device&#39;s various sensors and other input or control devices  116 ; and location and/or positional information concerning the device&#39;s pose (e.g., location and/or attitude). 
     Operating system  126  (e.g., iOS, Android, Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components. 
     Communication module  128  facilitates communication with other devices over one or more external ports  124  and also includes various software components for handling data received by RF circuitry  108  and/or external port  124 . External port  124  (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the 30-pin connector used in some iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California. In some embodiments, the external port is a Lightning connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the Lightning connector used in some iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California. In some embodiments, the external port is a USB Type-C connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the USB Type-C connector used in some electronic devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California. 
     Contact/motion module  130  optionally detects contact with touch-sensitive display system  112  (in conjunction with display controller  156 ) and other touch-sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). Contact/motion module  130  includes various software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact (e.g., by a finger or by a stylus), such as determining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-down event), determining an intensity of the contact (e.g., the force or pressure of the contact or a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact), determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact). Contact/motion module  130  receives contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which is represented by a series of contact data, optionally includes determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. These operations are, optionally, applied to single contacts (e.g., one finger contacts or stylus contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g., “multitouch”/multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments, contact/motion module  130  and display controller  156  detect contact on a touchpad. 
     Contact/motion module  130  optionally detects a gesture input by a user. Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contact patterns (e.g., different motions, timings, and/or intensities of detected contacts). Thus, a gesture is, optionally, detected by detecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a finger tap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event at the same position (or substantially the same position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequently followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event. Similarly, tap, swipe, drag, and other gestures are optionally detected for a stylus by detecting a particular contact pattern for the stylus. 
     In some embodiments, detecting a finger tap gesture depends on the length of time between detecting the finger-down event and the finger-up event, but is independent of the intensity of the finger contact between detecting the finger-down event and the finger-up event. In some embodiments, a tap gesture is detected in accordance with a determination that the length of time between the finger-down event and the finger-up event is less than a predetermined value (e.g., less than 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 or 0.5 seconds), independent of whether the intensity of the finger contact during the tap meets a given intensity threshold (greater than a nominal contact-detection intensity threshold), such as a light press or deep press intensity threshold. Thus, a finger tap gesture can satisfy particular input criteria that do not require that the characteristic intensity of a contact satisfy a given intensity threshold in order for the particular input criteria to be met. For clarity, the finger contact in a tap gesture typically needs to satisfy a nominal contact-detection intensity threshold, below which the contact is not detected, in order for the finger-down event to be detected. A similar analysis applies to detecting a tap gesture by a stylus or other contact. In cases where the device is capable of detecting a finger or stylus contact hovering over a touch sensitive surface, the nominal contact-detection intensity threshold optionally does not correspond to physical contact between the finger or stylus and the touch sensitive surface. 
     The same concepts apply in an analogous manner to other types of gestures. For example, a swipe gesture, a pinch gesture, a depinch gesture, and/or a long press gesture are optionally detected based on the satisfaction of criteria that are either independent of intensities of contacts included in the gesture, or do not require that contact(s) that perform the gesture reach intensity thresholds in order to be recognized. For example, a swipe gesture is detected based on an amount of movement of one or more contacts; a pinch gesture is detected based on movement of two or more contacts towards each other; a depinch gesture is detected based on movement of two or more contacts away from each other; and a long press gesture is detected based on a duration of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface with less than a threshold amount of movement. As such, the statement that particular gesture recognition criteria do not require that the intensity of the contact(s) meet a respective intensity threshold in order for the particular gesture recognition criteria to be met means that the particular gesture recognition criteria are capable of being satisfied if the contact(s) in the gesture do not reach the respective intensity threshold, and are also capable of being satisfied in circumstances where one or more of the contacts in the gesture do reach or exceed the respective intensity threshold. In some embodiments, a tap gesture is detected based on a determination that the finger-down and finger-up event are detected within a predefined time period, without regard to whether the contact is above or below the respective intensity threshold during the predefined time period, and a swipe gesture is detected based on a determination that the contact movement is greater than a predefined magnitude, even if the contact is above the respective intensity threshold at the end of the contact movement. Even in implementations where detection of a gesture is influenced by the intensity of contacts performing the gesture (e.g., the device detects a long press more quickly when the intensity of the contact is above an intensity threshold or delays detection of a tap input when the intensity of the contact is higher), the detection of those gestures does not require that the contacts reach a particular intensity threshold so long as the criteria for recognizing the gesture can be met in circumstances where the contact does not reach the particular intensity threshold (e.g., even if the amount of time that it takes to recognize the gesture changes). 
     Contact intensity thresholds, duration thresholds, and movement thresholds are, in some circumstances, combined in a variety of different combinations in order to create heuristics for distinguishing two or more different gestures directed to the same input element or region so that multiple different interactions with the same input element are enabled to provide a richer set of user interactions and responses. The statement that a particular set of gesture recognition criteria do not require that the intensity of the contact(s) meet a respective intensity threshold in order for the particular gesture recognition criteria to be met does not preclude the concurrent evaluation of other intensity-dependent gesture recognition criteria to identify other gestures that do have criteria that are met when a gesture includes a contact with an intensity above the respective intensity threshold. For example, in some circumstances, first gesture recognition criteria for a first gesture—which do not require that the intensity of the contact(s) meet a respective intensity threshold in order for the first gesture recognition criteria to be met—are in competition with second gesture recognition criteria for a second gesture—which are dependent on the contact(s) reaching the respective intensity threshold. In such competitions, the gesture is, optionally, not recognized as meeting the first gesture recognition criteria for the first gesture if the second gesture recognition criteria for the second gesture are met first. For example, if a contact reaches the respective intensity threshold before the contact moves by a predefined amount of movement, a deep press gesture is detected rather than a swipe gesture. Conversely, if the contact moves by the predefined amount of movement before the contact reaches the respective intensity threshold, a swipe gesture is detected rather than a deep press gesture. Even in such circumstances, the first gesture recognition criteria for the first gesture still do not require that the intensity of the contact(s) meet a respective intensity threshold in order for the first gesture recognition criteria to be met because if the contact stayed below the respective intensity threshold until an end of the gesture (e.g., a swipe gesture with a contact that does not increase to an intensity above the respective intensity threshold), the gesture would have been recognized by the first gesture recognition criteria as a swipe gesture. As such, particular gesture recognition criteria that do not require that the intensity of the contact(s) meet a respective intensity threshold in order for the particular gesture recognition criteria to be met will (A) in some circumstances ignore the intensity of the contact with respect to the intensity threshold (e.g. for a tap gesture) and/or (B) in some circumstances still be dependent on the intensity of the contact with respect to the intensity threshold in the sense that the particular gesture recognition criteria (e.g., for a long press gesture) will fail if a competing set of intensity-dependent gesture recognition criteria (e.g., for a deep press gesture) recognize an input as corresponding to an intensity-dependent gesture before the particular gesture recognition criteria recognize a gesture corresponding to the input (e.g., for a long press gesture that is competing with a deep press gesture for recognition). 
     Pose module  131 , in conjunction with accelerometers  167 , gyroscopes  168 , and/or magnetometers  169 , optionally detects pose information concerning the device, such as the device&#39;s pose (e.g., roll, pitch, yaw and/or position) in a particular frame of reference. Pose module  131  includes software components for performing various operations related to detecting the position of the device and detecting changes to the pose of the device. 
     Graphics module  132  includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics on touch-sensitive display system  112  or other display, including components for changing the visual impact (e.g., brightness, transparency, saturation, contrast or other visual property) of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics” includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including without limitation text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations and the like. 
     In some embodiments, graphics module  132  stores data representing graphics to be used. Each graphic is, optionally, assigned a corresponding code. Graphics module  132  receives, from applications etc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with, if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and then generates screen image data to output to display controller  156 . 
     Haptic feedback module  133  includes various software components for generating instructions (e.g., instructions used by haptic feedback controller  161 ) to produce tactile outputs using tactile output generator(s)  163  at one or more locations on device  100  in response to user interactions with device  100 . 
     Text input module  134 , which is, optionally, a component of graphics module  132 , provides soft keyboards for entering text in various applications (e.g., contacts module  137 , e-mail module  140 , IM module  141 , browser module  147 , and any other application that needs text input). 
     GPS module  135  determines the location of the device and provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone module  138  for use in location-based dialing, to camera module  143  as picture/video metadata, and to applications that provide location-based services such as weather widgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets). 
     Virtual/augmented reality module  145  provides virtual and/or augmented reality logic to applications  136  that implement augmented reality, and in some embodiments virtual reality, features. Virtual/augmented reality module  145  facilitates superposition of virtual content, such as a virtual user interface object, on a representation of at least a portion of a field of view of the one or more cameras. For example, with assistance from the virtual/augmented reality module  145 , the representation of at least a portion of a field of view of the one or more cameras may include a respective physical object and the virtual user interface object may be displayed at a location, in a displayed augmented reality environment, that is determined based on the respective physical object in the field of view of the one or more cameras or a virtual reality environment that is determined based on the pose of at least a portion of a computer system (e.g., a pose of a display device that is used to display the user interface to a user of the computer system). 
     Applications  136  optionally include the following modules (or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof:
         contacts module  137  (sometimes called an address book or contact list);   telephone module  138 ;   video conferencing module  139 ;   e-mail client module  140 ;   instant messaging (IM) module  141 ;   workout support module  142 ;   camera module  143  for still and/or video images;   image management module  144 ;   browser module  147 ;   calendar module  148 ;   AR modules  149 , which optionally include one or more of: AR join module  149 - 1 , AR share module  149 - 2 , world map module  149 - 3 , current position module  149 - 4 , origin module  149 - 5 , and other modules  149 - 6  used for AR environments (e.g., for displaying, generating, adding and/or manipulating virtual objects); in some embodiments, AR modules  149  are incorporated in virtual/augmented reality module  145 ;   widget modules  150 ;   search module  151 ;   video and music player module  152 , which is, optionally, made up of a video player module and a music player module;   notes module  153 ;   map module  154 ; and/or   online video module  155 .       

     Examples of other applications  136  that are, optionally, stored in memory  102  include other word processing applications, other image editing applications, drawing applications, presentation applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice replication. 
     In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , contacts module  137  includes executable instructions to manage an address book or contact list (e.g., stored in application internal state  192  of contacts module  137  in memory  102  or memory  370 ), including: adding name(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book; associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or other information with a name; associating an image with a name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers and/or e-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications by telephone module  138 , video conference module  139 , e-mail module  140 , or IM module  141 ; and so forth. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , telephone module  138  includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers in address book  137 , modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation and disconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As noted above, the wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor(s)  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , contact list  137 , and telephone module  138 , videoconferencing module  139  includes executable instructions to initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user and one or more other participants in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140  includes executable instructions to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response to user instructions. In conjunction with image management module  144 , e-mail client module  140  makes it very easy to create and send e-mails with still or video images taken with camera module  143 . 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the instant messaging module  141  includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to an instant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit a respective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service (SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-based instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, Apple Push Notification Service (APNs) or IMPS for Internet-based instant messages), to receive instant messages, and to view received instant messages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or received instant messages optionally include graphics, photos, audio files, video files and/or other attachments as are supported in a MMS and/or an Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging” refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, APNs, or IMPS). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , map module  154 , and video and music player module  152 , workout support module  142  includes executable instructions to create workouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burning goals); communicate with workout sensors (in sports devices and smart watches); receive workout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout; select and play music for a workout; and display, store and transmit workout data. 
     In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor(s)  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and image management module  144 , camera module  143  includes executable instructions to capture still images or video (including a video stream) and store them into memory  102 , modify characteristics of a still image or video, and/or delete a still image or video from memory  102 . 
     In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and camera module  143 , image management module  144  includes executable instructions to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/or video images. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , browser module  147  includes executable instructions to browse the Internet in accordance with user instructions, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portions thereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , calendar module  148  includes executable instructions to create, display, modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendar entries, to do lists, etc.) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , AR modules  149  include executable instructions for joining an augmented reality session, sharing an augmented reality (AR) environment with one or more other electronic devices of computer systems, maintaining a world map of an augmented reality environment, determining a current position of device  300  in an augmented reality environment, determine the origin of an augmented reality environment and the relative position of device  300  to that origin, and/or generating, displaying, adding and/or manipulating virtual objects in an augmented reality environment. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , widget modules  150  are mini-applications that are, optionally, downloaded and used by a user. In some embodiments, a widget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In some embodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets). In some embodiments, widget modules  150  include a widget creator module that includes executable instructions to create widgets (e.g., turning a user-specified portion of a web page into a widget). 
     In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , search module  151  includes executable instructions to search for text, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory  102  that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , and browser module  147 , video and music player module  152  includes executable instructions that allow the user to download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, and executable instructions to display, present or otherwise play back videos (e.g., on touch-sensitive display system  112 , or on an external display connected wirelessly or via external port  124 ). In some embodiments, device  100  optionally includes the functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.). 
     In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , notes module  153  includes executable instructions to create and manage notes, to do lists, and the like in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , and browser module  147 , map module  154  includes executable instructions to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data associated with maps (e.g., driving directions; data on stores and other points of interest at or near a particular location; and other location-based data) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , online video module  155  includes executable instructions that allow the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen  112 , or on an external display connected wirelessly or via external port  124 ), send an e-mail with a link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats, such as H.264. In some embodiments, instant messaging module  141 , rather than e-mail client module  140 , is used to send a link to a particular online video. 
     Each of the above identified modules and applications correspond to a set of executable instructions for performing one or more functions described above and the methods described in this application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods described herein). These modules (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  102  optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  102  optionally stores additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     In some embodiments, device  100  is a device where operation of a predefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/or a touchpad as the primary input control device for operation of device  100 , the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) on device  100  is, optionally, reduced. 
     The predefined set of functions that are performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad optionally include navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by the user, navigates device  100  to a main, home, or root menu from any user interface that is displayed on device  100 . In such embodiments, a “menu button” is implemented using a touch-sensitive surface. In some other embodiments, the menu button is a physical push button or other physical input control device instead of a touch-sensitive surface. 
       FIG.  1 B  is a block diagram illustrating example components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  102  (in  FIG.  1 A ) or  370  ( FIG.  3 A ) includes event sorter  170  (e.g., in operating system  126 ) and a respective application  136 - 1  (e.g., any of the aforementioned applications  136 ,  137 - 155 ,  380 - 390 ). 
     Event sorter  170  receives event information and determines the application  136 - 1  and application view  191  of application  136 - 1  to which to deliver the event information. Event sorter  170  includes event monitor  171  and event dispatcher module  174 . In some embodiments, application  136 - 1  includes application internal state  192 , which indicates the current application view(s) displayed on touch-sensitive display system  112  when the application is active or executing. In some embodiments, device/global internal state  157  is used by event sorter  170  to determine which application(s) is (are) currently active, and application internal state  192  is used by event sorter  170  to determine application views  191  to which to deliver event information. 
     In some embodiments, application internal state  192  includes additional information, such as one or more of: resume information to be used when application  136 - 1  resumes execution, user interface state information that indicates information being displayed or that is ready for display by application  136 - 1 , a state queue for enabling the user to go back to a prior state or view of application  136 - 1 , and a redo/undo queue of previous actions taken by the user. 
     Event monitor  171  receives event information from peripherals interface  118 . Event information includes information about a sub-event (e.g., a user touch on touch-sensitive display system  112 , as part of a multi-touch gesture). Peripherals interface  118  transmits information it receives from I/O subsystem  106  or a sensor, such as proximity sensor  166 , accelerometer(s)  167 , and/or microphone  113  (through audio circuitry  110 ). Information that peripherals interface  118  receives from I/O subsystem  106  includes information from touch-sensitive display system  112  or a touch-sensitive surface. 
     In some embodiments, event monitor  171  sends requests to the peripherals interface  118  at predetermined intervals. In response, peripherals interface  118  transmits event information. In other embodiments, peripheral interface  118  transmits event information only when there is a significant event (e.g., receiving an input above a predetermined noise threshold and/or for more than a predetermined duration). 
     In some embodiments, event sorter  170  also includes a hit view determination module  172  and/or an active event recognizer determination module  173 . 
     Hit view determination module  172  provides software procedures for determining where a sub-event has taken place within one or more views, when touch-sensitive display system  112  displays more than one view. Views are made up of controls and other elements that a user can see on the display. 
     Another aspect of the user interface associated with an application is a set of views, sometimes herein called application views or user interface windows, in which information is displayed and touch-based gestures occur. The application views (of a respective application) in which a touch is detected optionally correspond to programmatic levels within a programmatic or view hierarchy of the application. For example, the lowest level view in which a touch is detected is, optionally, called the hit view, and the set of events that are recognized as proper inputs are, optionally, determined based, at least in part, on the hit view of the initial touch that begins a touch-based gesture. 
     Hit view determination module  172  receives information related to sub-events of a touch-based gesture. When an application has multiple views organized in a hierarchy, hit view determination module  172  identifies a hit view as the lowest view in the hierarchy which should handle the sub-event. In most circumstances, the hit view is the lowest level view in which an initiating sub-event occurs (i.e., the first sub-event in the sequence of sub-events that form an event or potential event). Once the hit view is identified by the hit view determination module, the hit view typically receives all sub-events related to the same touch or input source for which it was identified as the hit view. 
     Active event recognizer determination module  173  determines which view or views within a view hierarchy should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In some embodiments, active event recognizer determination module  173  determines that only the hit view should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, active event recognizer determination module  173  determines that all views that include the physical location of a sub-event are actively involved views, and therefore determines that all actively involved views should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, even if touch sub-events were entirely confined to the area associated with one particular view, views higher in the hierarchy would still remain as actively involved views. 
     Event dispatcher module  174  dispatches the event information to an event recognizer (e.g., event recognizer  180 ). In embodiments including active event recognizer determination module  173 , event dispatcher module  174  delivers the event information to an event recognizer determined by active event recognizer determination module  173 . In some embodiments, event dispatcher module  174  stores in an event queue the event information, which is retrieved by a respective event receiver module  182 . 
     In some embodiments, operating system  126  includes event sorter  170 . Alternatively, application  136 - 1  includes event sorter  170 . In yet other embodiments, event sorter  170  is a stand-alone module, or a part of another module stored in memory  102 , such as contact/motion module  130 . 
     In some embodiments, application  136 - 1  includes a plurality of event handlers  190  and one or more application views  191 , each of which includes instructions for handling touch events that occur within a respective view of the application&#39;s user interface. Each application view  191  of the application  136 - 1  includes one or more event recognizers  180 . Typically, a respective application view  191  includes a plurality of event recognizers  180 . In other embodiments, one or more of event recognizers  180  are part of a separate module, such as a user interface kit or a higher level object from which application  136 - 1  inherits methods and other properties. In some embodiments, a respective event handler  190  includes one or more of: data updater  176 , object updater  177 , GUI updater  178 , and/or event data  179  received from event sorter  170 . Event handler  190  optionally utilizes or calls data updater  176 , object updater  177  or GUI updater  178  to update the application internal state  192 . Alternatively, one or more of the application views  191  includes one or more respective event handlers  190 . Also, in some embodiments, one or more of data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178  are included in a respective application view  191 . 
     A respective event recognizer  180  receives event information (e.g., event data  179 ) from event sorter  170 , and identifies an event from the event information. Event recognizer  180  includes event receiver  182  and event comparator  184 . In some embodiments, event recognizer  180  also includes at least a subset of: metadata  183 , and event delivery instructions  188  (which optionally include sub-event delivery instructions). 
     Event receiver  182  receives event information from event sorter  170 . The event information includes information about a sub-event, for example, a touch or a touch movement. Depending on the sub-event, the event information also includes additional information, such as location of the sub-event. When the sub-event concerns motion of a touch, the event information optionally also includes speed and direction of the sub-event. In some embodiments, events include rotation of the device from one orientation to another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to a landscape orientation, or vice versa), and the event information includes corresponding information about the current pose (e.g., position and orientation) of the device. 
     Event comparator  184  compares the event information to predefined event or sub-event definitions and, based on the comparison, determines an event or sub-event, or determines or updates the state of an event or sub-event. In some embodiments, event comparator  184  includes event definitions  186 . Event definitions  186  contain definitions of events (e.g., predefined sequences of sub-events), for example, event  1  ( 187 - 1 ), event  2  ( 187 - 2 ), and others. In some embodiments, sub-events in an event  187  include, for example, touch begin, touch end, touch movement, touch cancellation, and multiple touching. In one example, the definition for event  1  ( 187 - 1 ) is a double tap on a displayed object. The double tap, for example, comprises a first touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a first lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase, a second touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, and a second lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase. In another example, the definition for event  2  ( 187 - 2 ) is a dragging on a displayed object. The dragging, for example, comprises a touch (or contact) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a movement of the touch across touch-sensitive display system  112 , and lift-off of the touch (touch end). In some embodiments, the event also includes information for one or more associated event handlers  190 . 
     In some embodiments, event definition  187  includes a definition of an event for a respective user-interface object. In some embodiments, event comparator  184  performs a hit test to determine which user-interface object is associated with a sub-event. For example, in an application view in which three user-interface objects are displayed on touch-sensitive display system  112 , when a touch is detected on touch-sensitive display system  112 , event comparator  184  performs a hit test to determine which of the three user-interface objects is associated with the touch (sub-event). If each displayed object is associated with a respective event handler  190 , the event comparator uses the result of the hit test to determine which event handler  190  should be activated. For example, event comparator  184  selects an event handler associated with the sub-event and the object triggering the hit test. 
     In some embodiments, the definition for a respective event  187  also includes delayed actions that delay delivery of the event information until after it has been determined whether the sequence of sub-events does or does not correspond to the event recognizer&#39;s event type. 
     When a respective event recognizer  180  determines that the series of sub-events do not match any of the events in event definitions  186 , the respective event recognizer  180  enters an event impossible, event failed, or event ended state, after which it disregards subsequent sub-events of the touch-based gesture. In this situation, other event recognizers, if any, that remain active for the hit view continue to track and process sub-events of an ongoing touch-based gesture. 
     In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  includes metadata  183  with configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how the event delivery system should perform sub-event delivery to actively involved event recognizers. In some embodiments, metadata  183  includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how event recognizers interact, or are enabled to interact, with one another. In some embodiments, metadata  183  includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate whether sub-events are delivered to varying levels in the view or programmatic hierarchy. 
     In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  activates event handler  190  associated with an event when one or more particular sub-events of an event are recognized. In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  delivers event information associated with the event to event handler  190 . Activating an event handler  190  is distinct from sending (and deferred sending) sub-events to a respective hit view. In some embodiments, event recognizer  180  throws a flag associated with the recognized event, and event handler  190  associated with the flag catches the flag and performs a predefined process. 
     In some embodiments, event delivery instructions  188  include sub-event delivery instructions that deliver event information about a sub-event without activating an event handler. Instead, the sub-event delivery instructions deliver event information to event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or to actively involved views. Event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or with actively involved views receive the event information and perform a predetermined process. 
     In some embodiments, data updater  176  creates and updates data used in application  136 - 1 . For example, data updater  176  updates the telephone number used in contacts module  137 , or stores a video file used in video and music player module  152 . In some embodiments, object updater  177  creates and updates objects used in application  136 - 1 . For example, object updater  177  creates a new user-interface object or updates the position of a user-interface object. GUI updater  178  updates the GUI. For example, GUI updater  178  prepares display information and sends it to graphics module  132  for display on a touch-sensitive display. 
     In some embodiments, event handler(s)  190  includes or has access to data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178 . In some embodiments, data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178  are included in a single module of a respective application  136 - 1  or application view  191 . In other embodiments, they are included in two or more software modules. 
     It shall be understood that the foregoing discussion regarding event handling of user touches on touch-sensitive displays also applies to other forms of user inputs to operate multifunction devices  100  with input-devices, not all of which are initiated on touch screens. For example, mouse movement and mouse button presses, optionally coordinated with single or multiple keyboard presses or holds; contact movements such as taps, drags, scrolls, etc., on touch-pads; pen stylus inputs; inputs based on real-time analysis of video images obtained by one or more cameras; movement of the device; oral instructions; detected eye movements; biometric inputs; and/or any combination thereof are optionally utilized as inputs corresponding to sub-events which define an event to be recognized. 
       FIG.  1 C  is a block diagram illustrating a tactile output module in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, I/O subsystem  106  (e.g., haptic feedback controller  161  ( FIG.  1 A ) and/or other input controller(s)  160  ( FIG.  1 A )) includes at least some of the example components shown in  FIG.  1 C . In some embodiments, peripherals interface  118  includes at least some of the example components shown in  FIG.  1 C . 
     In some embodiments, the tactile output module includes haptic feedback module  133 . In some embodiments, haptic feedback module  133  aggregates and combines tactile outputs for user interface feedback from software applications on the electronic device (e.g., feedback that is responsive to user inputs that correspond to displayed user interfaces and alerts and other notifications that indicate the performance of operations or occurrence of events in user interfaces of the electronic device). Haptic feedback module  133  includes one or more of: waveform module  123  (for providing waveforms used for generating tactile outputs), mixer  125  (for mixing waveforms, such as waveforms in different channels), compressor  127  (for reducing or compressing a dynamic range of the waveforms), low-pass filter  129  (for filtering out high frequency signal components in the waveforms), and thermal controller  181  (for adjusting the waveforms in accordance with thermal conditions). In some embodiments, haptic feedback module  133  is included in haptic feedback controller  161  ( FIG.  1 A ). In some embodiments, a separate unit of haptic feedback module  133  (or a separate implementation of haptic feedback module  133 ) is also included in an audio controller (e.g., audio circuitry  110 ,  FIG.  1 A ) and used for generating audio signals. In some embodiments, a single haptic feedback module  133  is used for generating audio signals and generating waveforms for tactile outputs. 
     In some embodiments, haptic feedback module  133  also includes trigger module  121  (e.g., a software application, operating system, or other software module that determines a tactile output is to be generated and initiates the process for generating the corresponding tactile output). In some embodiments, trigger module  121  generates trigger signals for initiating generation of waveforms (e.g., by waveform module  123 ). For example, trigger module  121  generates trigger signals based on preset timing criteria. In some embodiments, trigger module  121  receives trigger signals from outside haptic feedback module  133  (e.g., in some embodiments, haptic feedback module  133  receives trigger signals from hardware input processing module  146  located outside haptic feedback module  133 ) and relays the trigger signals to other components within haptic feedback module  133  (e.g., waveform module  123 ) or software applications that trigger operations (e.g., with trigger module  121 ) based on activation of a user interface element (e.g., an application icon or an affordance within an application) or a hardware input device (e.g., a home button or an intensity-sensitive input surface, such as an intensity-sensitive touch screen). In some embodiments, trigger module  121  also receives tactile feedback generation instructions (e.g., from haptic feedback module  133 ,  FIGS.  1 A and  3   ). In some embodiments, trigger module  121  generates trigger signals in response to haptic feedback module  133  (or trigger module  121  in haptic feedback module  133 ) receiving tactile feedback instructions (e.g., from haptic feedback module  133 ,  FIGS.  1 A and  3   ). 
     Waveform module  123  receives trigger signals (e.g., from trigger module  121 ) as an input, and in response to receiving trigger signals, provides waveforms for generation of one or more tactile outputs (e.g., waveforms selected from a predefined set of waveforms designated for use by waveform module  123 ). 
     Mixer  125  receives waveforms (e.g., from waveform module  123 ) as an input, and mixes together the waveforms. For example, when mixer  125  receives two or more waveforms (e.g., a first waveform in a first channel and a second waveform that at least partially overlaps with the first waveform in a second channel) mixer  125  outputs a combined waveform that corresponds to a sum of the two or more waveforms. In some embodiments, mixer  125  also modifies one or more waveforms of the two or more waveforms to emphasize particular waveform(s) over the rest of the two or more waveforms (e.g., by increasing a scale of the particular waveform(s) and/or decreasing a scale of the rest of the waveforms). In some circumstances, mixer  125  selects one or more waveforms to remove from the combined waveform (e.g., the waveform from the oldest source is dropped when there are waveforms from more than three sources that have been requested to be output concurrently by tactile output generator  163 ). 
     Compressor  127  receives waveforms (e.g., a combined waveform from mixer  125 ) as an input, and modifies the waveforms. In some embodiments, compressor  127  reduces the waveforms (e.g., in accordance with physical specifications of tactile output generators  163  ( FIG.  1 A ) or  357  ( FIG.  3 A )) so that tactile outputs corresponding to the waveforms are reduced. In some embodiments, compressor  127  limits the waveforms, such as by enforcing a predefined maximum amplitude for the waveforms. For example, compressor  127  reduces amplitudes of portions of waveforms that exceed a predefined amplitude threshold while maintaining amplitudes of portions of waveforms that do not exceed the predefined amplitude threshold. In some embodiments, compressor  127  reduces a dynamic range of the waveforms. In some embodiments, compressor  127  dynamically reduces the dynamic range of the waveforms so that the combined waveforms remain within performance specifications of the tactile output generator  163  (e.g., force and/or moveable mass displacement limits). 
     Low-pass filter  129  receives waveforms (e.g., compressed waveforms from compressor  127 ) as an input, and filters (e.g., smooths) the waveforms (e.g., removes or reduces high frequency signal components in the waveforms). For example, in some instances, compressor  127  includes, in compressed waveforms, extraneous signals (e.g., high frequency signal components) that interfere with the generation of tactile outputs and/or exceed performance specifications of tactile output generator  163  when the tactile outputs are generated in accordance with the compressed waveforms. Low-pass filter  129  reduces or removes such extraneous signals in the waveforms. 
     Thermal controller  181  receives waveforms (e.g., filtered waveforms from low-pass filter  129 ) as an input, and adjusts the waveforms in accordance with thermal conditions of device  100  (e.g., based on internal temperatures detected within device  100 , such as the temperature of haptic feedback controller  161 , and/or external temperatures detected by device  100 ). For example, in some cases, the output of haptic feedback controller  161  varies depending on the temperature (e.g. haptic feedback controller  161 , in response to receiving same waveforms, generates a first tactile output when haptic feedback controller  161  is at a first temperature and generates a second tactile output when haptic feedback controller  161  is at a second temperature that is distinct from the first temperature). For example, the magnitude (or the amplitude) of the tactile outputs may vary depending on the temperature. To reduce the effect of the temperature variations, the waveforms are modified (e.g., an amplitude of the waveforms is increased or decreased based on the temperature). 
     In some embodiments, haptic feedback module  133  (e.g., trigger module  121 ) is coupled to hardware input processing module  146 . In some embodiments, other input controller(s)  160  in  FIG.  1 A  includes hardware input processing module  146 . In some embodiments, hardware input processing module  146  receives inputs from hardware input device  175  (e.g., other input or control devices  116  in  FIG.  1 A , such as a home button or an intensity-sensitive input surface, such as an intensity-sensitive touch screen). In some embodiments, hardware input device  175  is any input device described herein, such as touch-sensitive display system  112  ( FIG.  1 A ), keyboard/mouse  350  ( FIG.  3 A ), touchpad  355  ( FIG.  3 A ), one of other input or control devices  116  ( FIG.  1 A ), or an intensity-sensitive home button. In some embodiments, hardware input device  175  consists of an intensity-sensitive home button, and not touch-sensitive display system  112  ( FIG.  1 A ), keyboard/mouse  350  ( FIG.  3 A ), or touchpad  355  ( FIG.  3 A ). In some embodiments, in response to inputs from hardware input device  175  (e.g., an intensity-sensitive home button or a touch screen), hardware input processing module  146  provides one or more trigger signals to haptic feedback module  133  to indicate that a user input satisfying predefined input criteria, such as an input corresponding to a “click” of a home button (e.g., a “down click” or an “up click”), has been detected. In some embodiments, haptic feedback module  133  provides waveforms that correspond to the “click” of a home button in response to the input corresponding to the “click” of a home button, simulating a haptic feedback of pressing a physical home button. 
     In some embodiments, the tactile output module includes haptic feedback controller  161  (e.g., haptic feedback controller  161  in  FIG.  1 A ), which controls the generation of tactile outputs. In some embodiments, haptic feedback controller  161  is coupled to a plurality of tactile output generators, and selects one or more tactile output generators of the plurality of tactile output generators and sends waveforms to the selected one or more tactile output generators for generating tactile outputs. In some embodiments, haptic feedback controller  161  coordinates tactile output requests that correspond to activation of hardware input device  175  and tactile output requests that correspond to software events (e.g., tactile output requests from haptic feedback module  133 ) and modifies one or more waveforms of the two or more waveforms to emphasize particular waveform(s) over the rest of the two or more waveforms (e.g., by increasing a scale of the particular waveform(s) and/or decreasing a scale of the rest of the waveforms, such as to prioritize tactile outputs that correspond to activations of hardware input device  175  over tactile outputs that correspond to software events). 
     In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG.  1 C , an output of haptic feedback controller  161  is coupled to audio circuitry of device  100  (e.g., audio circuitry  110 ,  FIG.  1 A ), and provides audio signals to audio circuitry of device  100 . In some embodiments, haptic feedback controller  161  provides both waveforms used for generating tactile outputs and audio signals used for providing audio outputs in conjunction with generation of the tactile outputs. In some embodiments, haptic feedback controller  161  modifies audio signals and/or waveforms (used for generating tactile outputs) so that the audio outputs and the tactile outputs are synchronized (e.g., by delaying the audio signals and/or waveforms). In some embodiments, haptic feedback controller  161  includes a digital-to-analog converter used for converting digital waveforms into analog signals, which are received by amplifier  185  and/or tactile output generator  163 . 
     In some embodiments, the tactile output module includes amplifier  185 . In some embodiments, amplifier  185  receives waveforms (e.g., from haptic feedback controller  161 ) and amplifies the waveforms prior to sending the amplified waveforms to tactile output generator  163  (e.g., any of tactile output generators  163  ( FIG.  1 A ) or  357  ( FIG.  3 A )). For example, amplifier  185  amplifies the received waveforms to signal levels that are in accordance with physical specifications of tactile output generator  163  (e.g., to a voltage and/or a current required by tactile output generator  163  for generating tactile outputs so that the signals sent to tactile output generator  163  produce tactile outputs that correspond to the waveforms received from haptic feedback controller  161 ) and sends the amplified waveforms to tactile output generator  163 . In response, tactile output generator  163  generates tactile outputs (e.g., by shifting a moveable mass back and forth in one or more dimensions relative to a neutral position of the moveable mass). 
     In some embodiments, the tactile output module includes sensor  189 , which is coupled to tactile output generator  163 . Sensor  189  detects states or state changes (e.g., mechanical position, physical displacement, and/or movement) of tactile output generator  163  or one or more components of tactile output generator  163  (e.g., one or more moving parts, such as a membrane, used to generate tactile outputs). In some embodiments, sensor  189  is a magnetic field sensor (e.g., a Hall effect sensor) or other displacement and/or movement sensor. In some embodiments, sensor  189  provides information (e.g., a position, a displacement, and/or a movement of one or more parts in tactile output generator  163 ) to haptic feedback controller  161  and, in accordance with the information provided by sensor  189  about the state of tactile output generator  163 , haptic feedback controller  161  adjusts the waveforms output from haptic feedback controller  161  (e.g., waveforms sent to tactile output generator  163 , optionally via amplifier  185 ). 
       FIG.  2    illustrates a portable multifunction device  100  having a touch screen (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112 ,  FIG.  1 A ) in accordance with some embodiments. The touch screen optionally displays one or more graphics within user interface (UI)  200 . In these embodiments, as well as others described below, a user is enabled to select one or more of the graphics by making a gesture on the graphics, for example, with one or more fingers  202  (not drawn to scale in the figure) or one or more styluses  203  (not drawn to scale in the figure). In some embodiments, selection of one or more graphics occurs when the user breaks contact with the one or more graphics. In some embodiments, the gesture optionally includes one or more taps, one or more swipes (from left to right, right to left, upward and/or downward) and/or a rolling of a finger (from right to left, left to right, upward and/or downward) that has made contact with device  100 . In some implementations or circumstances, inadvertent contact with a graphic does not select the graphic. For example, a swipe gesture that sweeps over an application icon optionally does not select the corresponding application when the gesture corresponding to selection is a tap. 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more physical buttons, such as “home” or menu button  204 . As described previously, menu button  204  is, optionally, used to navigate to any application  136  in a set of applications that are, optionally executed on device  100 . Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as a soft key in a GUI displayed on the touch-screen display. 
     In some embodiments, device  100  includes the touch-screen display, menu button  204  (sometimes called home button  204 ), push button  206  for powering the device on/off and locking the device, volume adjustment button(s)  208 , Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card slot  210 , head set jack  212 , and docking/charging external port  124 . Push button  206  is, optionally, used to turn the power on/off on the device by depressing the button and holding the button in the depressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by depressing the button and releasing the button before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an unlock process. In some embodiments, device  100  also accepts verbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions through microphone  113 . Device  100  also, optionally, includes one or more contact intensity sensors  165  for detecting intensities of contacts on touch-sensitive display system  112  and/or one or more tactile output generators  163  for generating tactile outputs for a user of device  100 . 
       FIG.  3 A  is a block diagram of an example multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. Device  300  need not be portable. In some embodiments, device  300  is a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a tablet computer, a multimedia player device, a navigation device, an educational device (such as a child&#39;s learning toy), a gaming system, or a control device (e.g., a home or industrial controller). Device  300  typically includes one or more processing units (CPU&#39;s)  310 , one or more network or other communications interfaces  360 , memory  370 , and one or more communication buses  320  for interconnecting these components. Communication buses  320  optionally include circuitry (sometimes called a chipset) that interconnects and controls communications between system components. Device  300  includes input/output (I/O) interface  330  comprising display  340 , which is optionally a touch-screen display. I/O interface  330  also optionally includes a keyboard and/or mouse (or other pointing device)  350  and touchpad  355 , tactile output generator  357  for generating tactile outputs on device  300  (e.g., similar to tactile output generator(s)  163  described above with reference to  FIG.  1 A ), sensors  359  (e.g., optical, acceleration, proximity, touch-sensitive, and/or contact intensity sensors similar to contact intensity sensor(s)  165  described above with reference to  FIG.  1 A ). Memory  370  includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM or other random access solid state memory devices; and optionally includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory  370  optionally includes one or more storage devices remotely located from CPU(s)  310 . In some embodiments, memory  370  stores programs, modules, and data structures analogous to the programs, modules, and data structures stored in memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100  ( FIG.  1 A ), or a subset thereof. Furthermore, memory  370  optionally stores additional programs, modules, and data structures not present in memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100 . For example, memory  370  of device  300  optionally stores drawing module  380 , presentation module  382 , word processing module  384 , website creation module  386 , disk authoring module  388 , and/or spreadsheet module  390 , while memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100  ( FIG.  1 A ) optionally does not store these modules. 
     Each of the above identified elements in  FIG.  3 A  are, optionally, stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices. Each of the above identified modules corresponds to a set of instructions for performing a function described above. The above identified modules or programs (e.g., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  370  optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  370  optionally stores additional modules and data structures not described above. 
       FIGS.  3 B- 3 C  are block diagrams of example computer systems  301  in accordance with some embodiments. 
     In some embodiments, computer system  301  includes and/or is in communication with:
         input device(s) ( 302  and/or  307 , e.g., a touch-sensitive surface, such as a touch-sensitive remote control, or a touch-screen display that also serves as the display generation component, a mouse, a joystick, a wand controller, and/or cameras tracking the position of one or more features of the user such as the user&#39;s hands);   virtual/augmented reality logic  303  (e.g., virtual/augmented reality module  145 );   display generation component(s) ( 304  and/or  308 , e.g., a display, a projector, a head-mounted display, a heads-up display, or the like) for displaying virtual user interface elements to the user;   camera(s) (e.g.,  305  and/or  311 ) for capturing images of a field of view of the device, e.g., images that are used to determine placement of virtual user interface elements, determine a pose of the device, and/or display a portion of the physical environment in which the camera(s) are located; and   pose sensor(s) (e.g.,  306  and/or  311 ) for determining a pose of the device relative to the physical environment and/or changes in pose of the device.       

     In some computer systems (e.g.,  301 - a  in  FIG.  3 B ), input device(s)  302 , virtual/augmented reality logic  303 , display generation component(s)  304 , camera(s)  305 ; and pose sensor(s)  306  are all integrated into the computer system (e.g., portable multifunction device  100  in  FIGS.  1 A- 1 B  or device  300  in  FIG.  3 A  such as a smartphone or tablet). 
     In some computer systems (e.g.,  301 - b ), in addition to integrated input device(s)  302 , virtual/augmented reality logic  303 , display generation component(s)  304 , camera(s)  305 ; and pose sensor(s)  306 , the computer system is also in communication with additional devices that are separate from the computer system, such as separate input device(s)  307  such as a touch-sensitive surface, a wand, a remote control, or the like and/or separate display generation component(s)  308  such as virtual reality headset or augmented reality glasses that overlay virtual objects on a physical environment. 
     In some computer systems (e.g.,  301 - c  in  FIG.  3 C ), the input device(s)  307 , display generation component(s)  309 , camera(s)  311 ; and/or pose sensor(s)  312  are separate from the computer system and are in communication with the computer system. In some embodiments, other combinations of components in computer system  301  and in communication with the computer system are used. For example, in some embodiments, display generation component(s)  309 , camera(s)  311 , and pose sensor(s)  312  are incorporated in a headset that is either integrated with or in communication with the computer system. 
     In some embodiments, all of the operations described below with reference to  FIGS.  5 A- 5 L  are performed on a single computing device with virtual/augmented reality logic  303  (e.g., computer system  301 - a  described below with reference to  FIG.  3 B ). However, it should be understood that frequently multiple different computing devices are linked together to perform the operations described below with reference to  FIGS.  5 A- 5 L  (e.g., a computing device with virtual/augmented reality logic  303  communicates with a separate computing device with a display  450  and/or a separate computing device with a touch-sensitive surface  451 ). In any of these embodiments, the computing device that is described below with reference to  FIGS.  5 A- 5 L  is the computing device (or devices) that contain(s) the virtual/augmented reality logic  303 . Additionally, it should be understood that the virtual/augmented reality logic  303  could be divided between a plurality of distinct modules or computing devices in various embodiments; however, for the purposes of the description herein, the virtual/augmented reality logic  303  will be primarily referred to as residing in a single computing device so as not to unnecessarily obscure other aspects of the embodiments. 
     In some embodiments, the virtual/augmented reality logic  303  includes one or more modules (e.g., one or more event handlers  190 , including one or more object updaters  177  and one or more GUI updaters  178  as described in greater detail above with reference to  FIG.  1 B ) that receive interpreted inputs and, in response to these interpreted inputs, generate instructions for updating a graphical user interface in accordance with the interpreted inputs which are subsequently used to update the graphical user interface on a display. In some embodiments, an interpreted input for an input that has been detected (e.g., by a contact motion module  130  in  FIGS.  1 A and  3   ), recognized (e.g., by an event recognizer  180  in  FIG.  1 B ) and/or distributed (e.g., by event sorter  170  in  FIG.  1 B ) is used to update the graphical user interface on a display. In some embodiments, the interpreted inputs are generated by modules at the computing device (e.g., the computing device receives raw contact input data so as to identify gestures from the raw contact input data). In some embodiments, some or all of the interpreted inputs are received by the computing device as interpreted inputs (e.g., a computing device that includes the touch-sensitive surface  451  processes raw contact input data so as to identify gestures from the raw contact input data and sends information indicative of the gestures to the computing device that includes the virtual/augmented reality logic  303 ). 
     In some embodiments, both a display and a touch-sensitive surface are integrated with the computer system (e.g.,  301 - a  in  FIG.  3 B ) that contains the virtual/augmented reality logic  303 . For example, the computer system may be a desktop computer or laptop computer with an integrated display (e.g.,  340  in  FIG.  3 A ) and touchpad (e.g.,  355  in  FIG.  3 A ). As another example, the computing device may be a portable multifunction device  100  (e.g., a smartphone, PDA, tablet computer, etc.) with a touch screen (e.g.,  112  in  FIG.  2   ). 
     In some embodiments, a touch-sensitive surface is integrated with the computer system while a display is not integrated with the computer system that contains the virtual/augmented reality logic  303 . For example, the computer system may be a device  300  (e.g., a desktop computer or laptop computer) with an integrated touchpad (e.g.,  355  in  FIG.  3 A ) connected (via wired or wireless connection) to a separate display (e.g., a computer monitor, television, etc.). As another example, the computer system may be a portable multifunction device  100  (e.g., a smartphone, PDA, tablet computer, etc.) with a touch screen (e.g.,  112  in  FIG.  2   ) connected (via wired or wireless connection) to a separate display (e.g., a computer monitor, television, etc.). 
     In some embodiments, a display is integrated with the computer system while a touch-sensitive surface is not integrated with the computer system that contains the virtual/augmented reality logic  303 . For example, the computer system may be a device  300  (e.g., a desktop computer, laptop computer, television with integrated set-top box) with an integrated display (e.g.,  340  in  FIG.  3 A ) connected (via wired or wireless connection) to a separate touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a remote touchpad, a portable multifunction device, etc.). As another example, the computer system may be a portable multifunction device  100  (e.g., a smartphone, PDA, tablet computer, etc.) with a touch screen (e.g.,  112  in  FIG.  2   ) connected (via wired or wireless connection) to a separate touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a remote touchpad, another portable multifunction device with a touch screen serving as a remote touchpad, etc.). 
     In some embodiments, neither a display nor a touch-sensitive surface is integrated with the computer system (e.g.,  301 - c  in  FIG.  3 C ) that contains the virtual/augmented reality logic  303 . For example, the computer system may be a stand-alone computing device  300  (e.g., a set-top box, gaming console, etc.) connected (via wired or wireless connection) to a separate touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a remote touchpad, a portable multifunction device, etc.) and a separate display (e.g., a computer monitor, television, etc.). 
     In some embodiments, the computer system has an integrated audio system (e.g., audio circuitry  110  and speaker  111  in portable multifunction device  100 ). In some embodiments, the computing device is in communication with an audio system that is separate from the computing device. In some embodiments, the audio system (e.g., an audio system integrated in a television unit) is integrated with a separate display. In some embodiments, the audio system (e.g., a stereo system) is a stand-alone system that is separate from the computer system and the display. 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) that are, optionally, implemented on portable multifunction device  100 . 
       FIG.  4 A  illustrates an example user interface for a menu of applications on portable multifunction device  100  in accordance with some embodiments. Similar user interfaces are, optionally, implemented on device  300 . In some embodiments, user interface  400  includes the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:
         Signal strength indicator(s) for wireless communication(s), such as cellular and Wi-Fi signals;   Time;   a Bluetooth indicator;   a Battery status indicator;   Tray  408  with icons for frequently used applications, such as:
           Icon  416  for telephone module  138 , labeled “Phone,” which optionally includes an indicator  414  of the number of missed calls or voicemail messages;   Icon  418  for e-mail client module  140 , labeled “Mail,” which optionally includes an indicator  410  of the number of unread e-mails;   Icon  420  for browser module  147 , labeled “Browser”; and   Icon  422  for video and music player module  152 , labeled “Music”; and   
           Icons for other applications, such as:
           Icon  424  for IM module  141 , labeled “Messages”;   Icon  426  for calendar module  148 , labeled “Calendar”;   Icon  428  for image management module  144 , labeled “Photos”;   Icon  430  for camera module  143 , labeled “Camera”;   Icon  432  for online video module  155 , labeled “Online Video”;   Icon  434  for a stocks widget;   Icon  436  for map module  154 , labeled “Maps”;   Icon  438  for a weather widget;   Icon  440  for an alarm clock widget;   Icon  442  for workout support module  142 , labeled “Workout Support”;   Icon  444  for notes module  153 , labeled “Notes”; and   Icon  446  for a settings application or module, labeled “Settings,” which provides access to settings for device  100  and its various applications  136 .   
               

     It should be noted that the icon labels illustrated in  FIG.  4 A  are merely examples. For example, other labels are, optionally, used for various application icons. In some embodiments, a label for a respective application icon includes a name of an application corresponding to the respective application icon. In some embodiments, a label for a particular application icon is distinct from a name of an application corresponding to the particular application icon. 
       FIG.  4 B  illustrates an example user interface on a device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG.  3 A ) with a touch-sensitive surface  451  (e.g., a tablet or touchpad  355 ,  FIG.  3 A ) that is separate from the display  450 . Although many of the examples that follow will be given with reference to inputs on touch screen display  112  (where the touch sensitive surface and the display are combined), in some embodiments, the device detects inputs on a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display, as shown in  FIG.  4 B . In some embodiments, the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,  451  in  FIG.  4 B ) has a primary axis (e.g.,  452  in  FIG.  4 B ) that corresponds to a primary axis (e.g.,  453  in  FIG.  4 B ) on the display (e.g.,  450 ). In accordance with these embodiments, the device detects contacts (e.g.,  460  and  462  in  FIG.  4 B ) with the touch-sensitive surface  451  at locations that correspond to respective locations on the display (e.g., in  FIG.  4 B,  460    corresponds to  468  and  462  corresponds to  470 ). In this way, user inputs (e.g., contacts  460  and  462 , and movements thereof) detected by the device on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,  451  in  FIG.  4 B ) are used by the device to manipulate the user interface on the display (e.g.,  450  in  FIG.  4 B ) of the multifunction device when the touch-sensitive surface is separate from the display. It should be understood that similar methods are, optionally, used for other user interfaces described herein. 
     Additionally, while the following examples are given primarily with reference to finger inputs (e.g., finger contacts, finger tap gestures, finger swipe gestures, etc.), it should be understood that, in some embodiments, one or more of the finger inputs are replaced with input from another input device (e.g., a mouse based input or a stylus input). For example, a swipe gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click (e.g., instead of a contact) followed by movement of the cursor along the path of the swipe (e.g., instead of movement of the contact). As another example, a tap gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click while the cursor is located over the location of the tap gesture (e.g., instead of detection of the contact followed by ceasing to detect the contact). Similarly, when multiple user inputs are simultaneously detected, it should be understood that multiple computer mice are, optionally, used simultaneously, or a mouse and finger contacts are, optionally, used simultaneously. 
     User Interfaces and Associated Processes 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) and associated processes that may be implemented on a computer system (e.g., portable multifunction device  100 , device  300 , or device  5000 ) that includes (and/or is in communication with) a display generation component (e.g., a display, a projector, a head-mounted display, a heads-up display, or the like), one or more cameras (e.g., video cameras that continuously provide a live preview of at least a portion of the contents that are within the field of view of the cameras and optionally generate video outputs including one or more streams of image frames capturing the contents within the field of view of the cameras), and one or more input devices (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface, such as a touch-sensitive remote control, or a touch-screen display that also serves as the display generation component, a mouse, a joystick, a wand controller, and/or cameras tracking the position of one or more features of the user such as the user&#39;s hands), optionally one or more pose sensors, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, and optionally one or more tactile output generators. 
       FIGS.  5 A- 5 L  illustrate example user interfaces for sharing augmented reality environments between electronic devices in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes illustrated in  FIGS.  6 A- 6 B . For convenience of explanation, some of the embodiments will be discussed with reference to operations performed on a device with a touch-sensitive display system (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112 ,  FIG.  1 A ). In such embodiments, a focus selector is, optionally: a respective finger or stylus contact, a representative point corresponding to a finger or stylus contact (e.g., a centroid of a respective contact or a point associated with a respective contact), or a centroid of two or more contacts detected on the touch-sensitive display system. However, analogous operations are, optionally, performed on a device with a display (e.g., display  450 ,  FIG.  5 B ) and a separate touch-sensitive surface (e.g., surface  451 , as shown in  FIG.  4 B ) in response to detecting the contacts on the touch-sensitive surface while displaying the user interfaces shown in the figures on the display, along with a focus selector. 
       FIG.  5 A  illustrates a physical environment  5018  in which device  100  is operated. Table  5020  is a physical object located in physical environment  5018 . The display of device  100  shows virtual object  5002  placed on an upper surface of table  5020  in a view of physical environment  5018 , as captured by one or more cameras of device  100 . Virtual object  5002  (e.g., a virtual box) is displayed in a user interface on device  100  that includes at least a portion of a field of view of one or more cameras of device  100  (e.g., an augmented reality view). 
       FIG.  5 B  illustrates physical environment  5018  in which device  100  and another device  5000  are operated. In some embodiments, device  5000  is an instance of the electronic device or computer system shown in  FIG.  1 A  or  FIG.  3 A . The display of device  5000  shows a view of physical environment  5018  as captured by one or more cameras of device  5000 , including table  5020 . The display of device  100  shows virtual object  5002  placed on an upper surface of table  5020  in an augmented reality view of physical environment  5018 , which includes a view of the physical environment as captured by one or more cameras of device  100 . The physical environment  5018  as supplemented by virtual object  5002 , and optionally additional virtual objects, is sometimes called an augmented reality (AR) environment. The AR environment of device  100  is generated, at least in part, by device  100 , typically by execution of an application that includes augmented reality modules (e.g., AR modules  149 ,  FIG.  1 A ) for generating, adding and/or manipulating virtual objects  5002  in an environment that includes physical features, typically physical features in the field of view of the device&#39;s one or more cameras. The augmented reality view of physical environment  5018  that is displayed by device  100  is sometimes called a view of the AR environment. In this way, device  100  and device  5000  are operated in a same physical environment  5018  and have cameras that capture similar portions (e.g., overlapping, but not identical portions) of physical environment  5018 , but while device  100  displays an augmented reality view of physical environment  5018  (e.g., which includes virtual object  5002 ), device  5000  does not display an augmented reality view of physical environment  5018 . 
     In  FIG.  5 C , user interface  5022  is displayed on device  100 . User interface  5022  provides an option to share the augmented reality environment (AR environment) of device  100  with another electronic device (e.g., device  5000 ). For example, button  5030  provides the instructions, “Tap to invite another user to your world” (e.g., the “world” referring to the AR environment running on device  100 ). The user of device  100  optionally selects, via user input  5024 , button  5030  to initiate the AR environment sharing process. In some implementations, in response to selection of button  5030 , device  100  replaces display of user interface  5022  with sharing user interface  5025 , shown in  FIG.  5 D . 
       FIG.  5 D  illustrates sharing user interface  5025 . Sharing user interface  5025  includes join code  5032 . For example, join code  5032 - 1  is a QR code or other machine-readable code. Optionally, at least a portion of the augmented reality view of the physical environment  5018  is concurrently displayed with join code  5032  in sharing user interface  5025  (e.g., the augmented reality view continues to be displayed, except for those portions obscured by join code  5032 ). In some embodiments, join code  5032  includes information related to the AR environment of device  100 . For example, the information in join code  5032  includes positional information of the current physical position of device  100  relative to a point of origin of the AR environment. For purposes of illustration, the QR code illustrated in  FIG.  5 D  is tagged to “Gary&#39;s AR World (−10.8, 1.2, 3.4, 0.1, 0.2, 0.1)” where “Gary&#39;s AR World” is a name of the AR environment of device  100 , the first three parameters in the parentheses represent a position of device  100  relative to the origin of the AR environment, and the last three parameters in the parentheses represent an orientation of device  100  relative to the AR environment of device  100 . 
       FIG.  5 E  illustrates an updated sharing user interface  5025  in accordance with device  100  changing position in the physical environment. For example, table  5020  and virtual object  5002  have shifted (to the left) in the augmented reality view illustrated in  FIG.  5 E , relative to  FIG.  5 D , e.g., because the position of device  100  has changed. As device  100  moves its position in the physical environment, the augmented reality view shown on device  100  is updated to show the current portion of the field of view of one or more cameras of device  100 . In this way, as the device  100  moves its position in the physical environment, the AR view displayed in sharing user interface  5025  changes in accordance with the new position (and orientation) of device  100 . In accordance with device  100  changing position in the physical environment, join code  5032 - 1  ( FIG.  5 D ) is updated to join code  5032 - 2  ( FIG.  5 E ). For example, the join code is updated (e.g., modified) to encode updated positional information based on the new location (and/or orientation) of device  100 . For illustrative purposes, the QR code illustrated in  FIG.  5 E  is tagged to “Gary&#39;s AR World (−10.8, 1.5, 3.6, 23, 0.2, 0.6)”, in accordance with the physical change in position (and orientation) of device  100 . 
       FIG.  5 F  illustrates device  100  displaying sharing user interface  5025  (with join code  5032 - 2 ) and device  5000  displaying user interface  5026 . User interface  5026  includes an option to join an AR environment. In some embodiments, device  5000  displays the option to join an AR environment in response to receiving a signal that a nearby device has initiated sharing an AR environment (e.g., a signal from device  100 ). In some embodiments, device  5000  displays the option to join an AR environment in response to a user input at device  5000 . For example, a user selects an option (e.g., from a menu) to join an existing AR environment. 
       FIG.  5 G  illustrates user interface  5026  displayed on device  5000 . As explained above, user interface  5026  includes an option to join an AR environment, for example, by selecting button  5034 , “Tap to scan into another world”, which, if selected by the user, will display a joining user interface on device  5000 , illustrated in  FIG.  5 H . Device  5000  receives user input  5035  (e.g., a tap input) on button  5034 . In some embodiments, device  5000  is a computer system such as a headset, and the user input on button  5034  comprises detecting a gaze input on button  5034 . 
       FIG.  5 H  illustrates joining user interface  5036 . Joining user interface  5036  displays a field of view of one or more cameras of device  5000 . In  FIG.  5 H , device  5000  is positioned to view, via one or more cameras of device  5000 , device  100  (e.g., which is shown in the hands of a user of device  100 ). Device  100  displays join code  5032 - 2 , which, as explained above, includes positional information of device  100  relative to the AR environment running on device  100 . In this way, device  5000  reads (e.g., scans) join code  5032 - 2  that is displayed on device  100 . Device  5000  infers its relative position to device  100  based in part on the scannable portions (e.g., join code  5032 - 2 ) of device  100 . For example, device  5000  calculates a distance between its one or more cameras and device  100  based on a scanned size of join code  5032 - 2  (e.g., where device  5000  knows the true size of the join code). Device  5000  also processes the positional information encoded in join code  5032 - 2 , such that device  5000  is aware of the physical position of device  100  relative to a point of origin for the AR environment. 
       FIG.  5 I  illustrates a confirmation user interface  5040 . In some embodiments, after reading join code  5032 - 2 , device  5000  provides notification  5037 , which includes one or more selectable options for the user to confirm that device  5000  will join (e.g., import) the AR environment of device  100  (e.g., based on the position information retrieved from join code  5032 - 2 ). In the example shown in  FIG.  5 I , device  5000  receives user input  5038  on the option “Yes,” indicating that device  5000  will join the AR environment of device  100 . In some embodiments, device  5000  forgoes displaying user interface  5040 . For example, after scanning join code  5032 - 2 , device  5000  joins the AR environment of device  100  automatically, without additional user input. 
       FIG.  5 J  illustrates device  100  and device  5000  sharing a same AR environment, including virtual object  5002 , after device  5000  joins the AR environment of device  100 . The perspective views of device  100  and device  5000 , of the AR environment, vary based upon the relative positions and orientations of the devices in the physical environment. For example, device  5000  views virtual object  5002  within the AR environment relative to the physical position of device  5000  (to the left of device  100 ) in physical environment  5018 . Thus, virtual object  5002  (and table  5020 ) appear closer to the right side and to the bottom of the display of device  5000  as compared to the display of virtual object  5002  (and table  5020 ) on device  100 , which appear centered. The view of the virtual object (and physical world) change as the physical position and/or orientation of the device changes. To that end, virtual objects that are placed into the AR environment of device  100  are viewable by device  5000  when device  5000  is positioned (e.g., in the physical world) such that the view of the one or more cameras of device  5000  includes the location corresponding to a respective virtual object in the AR environment. 
       FIG.  5 K  illustrates device  5000  adding a virtual object  5050  to the AR environment (that is shared by device  5000  and device  100 ). User input  5042  places virtual object  5050  on a wall of the physical environment  5018  in which device  5000  and device  100  are operated. 
       FIG.  5 L  illustrates device  100  displaying virtual object  5050  that was added by user input  5042  on device  5000 . In this way, device  100  updates its view of the shared AR environment to view objects added to the AR environment by device  5000 . Virtual objects are thus viewable on devices that share a same AR environment. 
       FIGS.  6 A- 6 B  are flow diagrams illustrating method  600  of sharing, between electronic devices, virtual objects within an augmented reality environment in accordance with some embodiments. Method  600  is performed at a first electronic device (e.g., a computer system  301 , portable multifunction device  100 , device  300 , or device  5000 ) that includes (and/or is in communication with) a display generation component (e.g., display generation component(s)  304  or  309 ,  FIG.  3 B or  3 C ), one or more cameras (e.g., camera(s)  306  or  311 ,  FIG.  3 B or  3 C ; or optical sensors  164 ,  FIG.  1 A ), and one or more input devices (examples of which are described with reference to  FIGS.  1 A,  3 A,  3 B and  3 C ), optionally one or more pose sensors (e.g., pose sensors  306 ,  312 ,  FIGS.  3 B,  3 C ), optionally one or more sensors (e.g., contact intensity sensors  165 ,  FIG.  1 A , or sensors  359 ,  FIG.  3 A ) to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, and optionally one or more tactile output generators (e.g., tactile output generators  167 ,  FIG.  1 A , or tactile output generators  357 ,  FIG.  3 A ). Some operations in method  600  are, optionally, combined and/or the order of some operations is, optionally, changed. 
     As described below, method  600  provides an intuitive way to join a shared augmented reality environment. The method reduces the number, extent, and/or nature of the inputs from a user when joining a shared AR environment, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to join shared AR environments faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     The first electronic device captures ( 602 ), with the one or more cameras, an image of a second electronic device that includes (e.g., computer readable, or encoded) position information displayed via a display generation component of the second electronic device. The position information indicates ( 604 ) a location of the second electronic device within an augmented reality environment that includes a physical environment in which the first electronic device and the second electronic device are located. For example, as illustrated in  FIG.  5 H , device  5000  (the first electronic device in this example) captures an image of device  100  (the second electronic device in this example), where device  100  displays position information (e.g., join code  5032 - 2 ) indicating a location of the device  100  within an augmented reality environment. 
     The first electronic device, after capturing the image of the second electronic device that includes the position information, displays ( 606 ), via the display generation component of the first electronic device, one or more virtual objects within the augmented reality (AR) environment using the position information captured from the second electronic device. For example, as illustrated in  FIG.  5 J , after device  5000  captures the image of device  100 , device  5000  displays virtual object  5002  at a position in the AR environment that it determines, at least in part, using the position information captured from the second electronic device. 
     In some embodiments, after capturing ( 604 ) the image of the second electronic device, and prior to displaying ( 606 ) one or more virtual objects within the augmented reality (AR) environment, the first electronic device joins an AR session (e.g., an AR session running on the second electronic device) that includes the second electronic device, using the captured image of the second electronic device that includes the position information. For example, in  FIG.  5 B , device  100  is running an AR session that includes virtual object  5002 , while device  5000  is not yet participating in the same AR session as device  100 , and thus does not display virtual object  5002 . However, in  FIG.  5 J , device  5000  has joined the AR session in which device  100  participates, using the captured image of the second electronic device that includes the position information, such that device  5000 , after joining the AR session, displays an AR view that includes virtual objects that are within the AR session, including virtual object  5002 . In some embodiments, members of an AR session (e.g., the first electronic device and the second electronic device, after the first electronic device joins the AR session of the second electronic device) share AR environment information for an AR environment corresponding to the AR session, including virtual object information for virtual objects in the AR environment that includes both the first electronic device and second electronic device. 
     Scanning an image that is displayed on another electronic device that is executing an AR environment, and using the scanned image to determine the relative positions of the devices, allows a user to seamlessly join an AR environment that is running on the other device without requiring user input, thereby eliminating user error from aligning the devices with physical objects or anchors. Reducing the number of inputs needed to perform an operation enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, the position information displayed by the second electronic device includes ( 608 ) machine-readable visual information that includes the position information. For example, the machine-readable visual information comprises a machine-readable code, such as a bar code or a QR code, displayed characters, or another type of visual pattern that includes machine readable information. For example, as illustrated in  FIG.  5 D , the second electronic device, device  100 , displays a QR code. 
     Embedding information in a scannable image allows the first electronic device to process the information and calculate its position without requiring user input, thus eliminating user error from aligning physical objects to synchronize its position with another device. Reducing the number of inputs needed to perform an operation enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, the machine-readable visual information (e.g., a bar code, a QR code, displayed characters, or another type of visual pattern that includes machine readable information) is displayed ( 610 ) at a position on the second electronic device known to the first electronic device prior to capturing the image of the second electronic device. For example, before capturing the image of the second electronic device, the first electronic device knows at what position (e.g., relative to a predefined portion of the second electronic device, such as the camera of the second electronic device, or the display of the second electronic device) the machine-readable visual information should be displayed on the second electronic device. In this way, the first electronic device can determine its position relative to the second electronic device based on the position of the machine-readable visual information (in the captured image of the second electronic device) displayed via the display generation component of the second electronic device. 
     Identifying the physical size and/or position of an image as displayed on another device allows a device (e.g., a first device) to determine its relative position to the other device (e.g., by scaling the size of the scanned image as compared to the known size of the image in the physical world), thus calculating and synchronizing its position as compared to other device without requiring a user to determine and input the relative location of the user&#39;s device. Reducing the number of inputs needed to perform an operation enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, the first electronic device receives ( 612 ) from the second electronic device, prior to capturing the image of the second electronic device, information about the second electronic device that includes display position information (e.g., code position information for a visual code such as a QR code, a bar code or other machine-readable visual information) that provides information about a position on the second electronic device at which the machine-readable visual information is displayed. For example, the display position information includes a position (or includes information regarding a position) at which the machine-readable visual information is displayed within the display of the second electronic device, or a position of a specific portion of the machine-readable visual information (e.g., it&#39;s left bottom corner) relative a specific portion of the second electronic device (e.g., a left bottom corner of the second electronic device), or a position of a specific portion of the machine-readable visual information relative to the position of the second electronic device (e.g., the position of the second electronic device used for determining its position within the augmented reality environment). In some embodiments, the display position information includes size information, angle (e.g., orientation) information, or other positional information related to the display of the machine-readable visual information on the second electronic device. In some embodiments, the first electronic device receives the display position information concurrently with capturing the image of the second electronic device (e.g., at substantially the same time), before capturing the image of the second electronic device, or after capturing the image of the second electronic device. 
     In some embodiments, the first electronic device calculates the position of the first electronic device relative to the second electronic device based on information, stored on the first electronic device, regarding the location and size of the position information (e.g., machine-readable visual information) on the display of second electronic device. 
     Furthermore, in some embodiments, the first electronic device determines, based on location and orientation of the displayed machine-readable visual information, a location of the first electronic device relative to the second electronic device. For example, in some embodiments, the first electronic device uses the size, location and orientation of the machine-readable visual information (e.g., join code  5032 - 2 ,  FIG.  5 H ) in the captured image of the second electronic device (e.g., device  100 ,  FIG.  5 H ), as well as the display position information regarding the location and size of the position information (e.g., machine-readable visual information) on the display of second electronic device, to calculate the position of the first electronic device relative to the second electronic device. 
     In another example, the first electronic device receives information about the second electronic device, such as a type of the device (e.g., or a size of the display generation component of the second electronic device). More specifically, for example, the first electronic device receives, from the second electronic device, a device identifier indicating the device type of the second electronic device, and from that information the first electronic device determines a display size of the second electronic device and a size of the machine-readable visual information as displayed at the second electronic device (e.g., by performing a table lookup operation in a table that maps respective device types to information about display size, and/or the size and/or location of the machine-readable visual information as displayed by devices having those respective device types). By comparing that information with the size of the machine-readable visual information in the captured image of the second electronic device, the first electronic device determines the physical position of the second electronic device relative to the first electronic device. In summary, in some embodiments, the physical position of the second electronic device relative to the first electronic device is determined by the first electronic device based on received information about the second electronic device, which it uses to analyze the captured image of the second electronic device. 
     Obtaining information about another electronic device that is displaying an image (e.g., an image having the machine-readable visual information discussed above) having a known size and/or the position on the other device at which the image is displayed improves the accuracy of the device&#39;s position, relative to the other device or relative to the augmented reality environment, that the device determines based on its capture of the image with one or more cameras, compared with the accuracy of a position that would be determined by the device based solely on its capture of the image, and eliminates the need for a user to determine and input the location of the user&#39;s device. Reducing the number of inputs needed to perform an operation enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, changes in the position information displayed by the second electronic device are animated ( 614 ) over time. For example, as discussed above with reference to  FIGS.  5 D- 5 E , the second electronic device displays an image, which includes the position information, that is a moving (e.g., animated) image. In some embodiments, changes in the position information are animated continuously over time (e.g., the encoded information moves) independently of whether the second electronic device physically changes position. In some embodiments, the changes in the position information are animated over time in accordance with physical movement of the second electronic device (e.g., and the updated position information to reflect the new position). 
     Animating the image to reflect that the position information is updated provides a more accurate determination of position, thus eliminating the need for a user to determine, input and update the location of the user&#39;s device as the devices move. Reducing the number of inputs needed to perform an operation enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, the position information displayed by the second electronic device (e.g., a portion of the position information) is updated ( 616 ) by the second electronic device as the position of the second electronic device in the AR environment changes. For example, the position information is associated with a particular time such that, when the second device has a first position, the position information includes a visual indication of the first position, and when the second device has a second position, the position information includes a visual indication of the second position, where the second visual indication is different from the first visual indication. For example, as illustrated in  FIGS.  5 D- 5 E , as the second electronic device moves (e.g., as the position of the second electronic device in the AR environment changes), from the position shown in  FIG.  5 D  to the position shown in  FIG.  5 E , join code  5032 - 1  is updated to join code  5032 - 2  to reflect the change in position of the second electronic device. 
     Updating the information embedded in a scannable image used by a device to determine its position relative to the AR environment (e.g., relative to the origin of the AR environment) provides a more accurate determination of position, thus eliminating user error in aligning physical objects to synchronize its position with another device and eliminating the need for a user to determine and input the location of the user&#39;s device. Reducing the number of inputs needed to perform an operation enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, the first electronic device displays ( 618 ) (e.g., previews), via the display generation component of the first electronic device, the updated position information as the position information is updated by the second electronic device. For example, as illustrated in  FIG.  5 H , device  5000  (e.g., the first electronic device) displays (e.g., in a camera preview) a field of view of a respective camera that includes device  100 , including displaying the position information (join code  5032 - 2 ) that is displayed on device  100  (e.g., the second electronic device). In some embodiments, in response to device  100  changing position, join code  5032 - 2  is also updated, and the updated join code is displayed on device  5000  (e.g., in the camera preview). 
     Displaying the updated information embedded in a scannable image used by a device to determine its position relative to the image (or relative to the device displaying the image) provides a more accurate determination of position, thus eliminating user error in aligning physical objects to synchronize its position with another device and the need for a user to determine and input the location of the user&#39;s device. Reducing the number of inputs needed to perform an operation enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, the position information displayed by the second electronic device at a particular time is ( 620 ) associated with the position of the second electronic device in the physical environment (e.g., relative to a point of origin) at that particular time. For example, the first device is enabled to determine consistent positions of the first device and second device within the augmented reality (AR) environment. 
     Associating current position information with a current time provides a more accurate way to track the position of the second electronic device relative to the first electronic device, thus eliminating user error in aligning physical objects to synchronize the device&#39;s position with another device and eliminating the need for a user to determine, input, and update the location of the user&#39;s device. Reducing the number of inputs needed to perform an operation enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, the first electronic device receives ( 622 ), from the second electronic device, information that includes at least a portion of a three-dimensional map (e.g., a world map) of the AR environment. In some embodiments, the position information received by the first electronic device when it captures an image of the second electronic device includes information identifying a shared origin, shared by the first electronic device and second electronic device, in the AR environment. In some embodiments, the first electronic device shares information for at least a portion of the AR environment with the second electronic device, in addition to the second electronic device sharing information for at least a (same, different, or overlapping) portion of the AR environment with the first electronic device. In some embodiments, after synchronization, information obtained from both the first electronic device and the second electronic is used to update the shared three-dimensional map (e.g., through the AR session shared by both devices, or through a joint mapping session). In some embodiments, the synchronization of the AR environment of the first electronic device to the AR environment of the second electronic device is performed without reference to any physical anchors or markers in the physical environment. 
     Sharing a map of the AR environment with each participant device in the AR environment improves the synchronization of the participant devices within the AR environment, including the synchronization of virtual objects, without the need for user input to manually determine or update its position. Reducing the number of inputs needed to perform an operation enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, the first electronic device (e.g., before, after or while capturing the image of the second electronic device) receives ( 624 ) information from the second electronic device using a wireless connection (e.g., a peer to peer wireless connection, a short range wireless connection, or a wireless network connection). In some embodiments, the received information includes a three-dimensional map of the AR environment (e.g., running at the second electronic device). In some embodiments, the information is received (e.g., and transmitted) automatically without user input. 
     Communicating information via a wireless connection between the first and second electronic devices, in combination with the information determined from the captured image of the second electronic device, improves the ability of the first electronic device to determine its position relative to the second electronic device without requiring additional user input to share information between the devices. Reducing the number of inputs needed to perform an operation enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, the first electronic device, prior to capturing the position information (e.g., by capturing an image of the second electronic device that includes the position information), receives ( 626 ) a user input and initiates, based on user input, a process for establishing augmented reality co-presence with the second electronic device (e.g., or a third electronic device). For example, as illustrated in  FIG.  5 C , a user interface  5022  is provided a user interface or an affordance in a user interface to initiate sharing of an AR environment. While  FIG.  5 C  illustrates user interface  5022  displayed on device  100 , it will be understood that user interfaces and capabilities described with reference to device  100  can also be performed by device  5000 , and vice versa. 
     Providing a user with an option to begin sharing an AR environment that is already running on the user&#39;s device, instead of requiring the user to initiate a new, distinct AR environment to share the AR environment with other users (where a new AR environment allows multiple participants to join only when the AR environment is first initiated, but not after), improves the user experience by allowing users to share existing AR environments. Reducing the number of inputs needed to perform an operation enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, the first electronic device, receives a user input to add one or more virtual objects to the AR environment. In some embodiments, in response to the user input, the first electronic device adds the one or more virtual objects to the AR environment. In some embodiments, the one or more virtual objects in the AR environment are displayed at the second electronic device when the second electronic device is at a respective position within the AR environment to view the one or more virtual objects added by the first electronic device (e.g., based on the shared three-dimensional map information). 
     In some embodiments, the first electronic device is a wearable device, such as a headset (e.g., a head mounted AR and/or VR device where a user interface is displayed or projected in front of the user&#39;s eyes and includes one or more cameras that capture information about a surrounding physical environment and capture the position information displayed on the second device), and the second device is a handheld device. In some embodiments, both devices are handheld devices or both device are wearable devices. In some embodiments, the second electronic device is a wearable device (e.g., a head mounted AR and/or VR device where the position information is displayed on an external or internal display device of the head mounted AR and/or VR device that is available to be captured by the first device) and the first electronic device is a handheld device. 
     In some embodiments, the one or more virtual objects are displayed via the display generation component of the first electronic device and by the second electronic device at a same location and orientation relative a shared point of origin in the AR environment. For example, as illustrated in  FIG.  5 J , device  5000  and device  100  both display virtual object  5002  on the respective displays of the respective device. 
     In some embodiments, prior to capturing the position information, the first electronic device receives a user input initiating a process for co-presence with the second electronic device in the AR environment, and, in response to receiving the user input, in accordance with the user input comprising a first predefined input, the first electronic device displays a graphical user interface that includes at least a portion of a field of view of the one or more cameras, wherein the position information is captured while the first electronic device is displaying the graphical user interface. For example, the first electronic device shows a user interface for joining an existing AR session, as illustrated in  FIG.  5 G . In some embodiments, in response to receiving the user input, in accordance with the user input comprising a second predefined input, the first electronic device displays a graphical user interface that includes position information indicating a location of the first electronic device within a second augmented reality environment that includes the physical environment in which the first electronic device and the second electronic device is situated. For example, in response to receiving the second predefined input (e.g., distinct from the first predefined input), the first electronic device initiates sharing the AR session, such as user interface  5022  illustrated in  FIG.  5 C . 
     In some embodiments, the physical environment includes a third electronic device, and the first electronic device displays, via the display generation component of the first electronic device, position information indicating a location of the first electronic device within the AR environment. After the third electronic device uses the displayed position information indicating the location of the first electronic device within the AR environment to join an AR session that includes the first, second and third electronic devices (e.g., in response to, or in accordance with the third electronic device joining the AR session), the first electronic device shares information for at least a portion of the AR environment with the third electronic device. In this way, one or more additional devices can join the same AR session as the AR session that is shared by the first and second electronic devices. 
     In some embodiments, the first electronic device generates tactile feedback (e.g., using tactile output generators  167 ,  FIG.  1 A , or  357 ,  FIG.  3 A ) in conjunction with one or more of events at the first electronic device selected from the group consisting of capturing the image of the second electronic device that includes the position information, joining the AR session (e.g., synchronizing the AR environment), receiving information about the second electronic device that includes position information for the machine-readable visual information, receiving information that includes at least a portion of the three-dimensional map of the AR environment, sharing information for at least a portion of the AR environment, and initiating a process for establishing AR co-presence with the second electronic device. 
     It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in  FIGS.  6 A- 6 B  have been described is merely an example and is not intended to indicate that the described order is the only order in which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to reorder the operations described herein. 
     The operations described above with reference to  FIGS.  6 A- 6 B  are, optionally, implemented by components depicted in  FIGS.  1 A- 1 B . For example, capturing operation  602  and displaying operation  606  are, optionally, implemented by event sorter  170 , event recognizer  180 , and event handler  190 . Event monitor  171  in event sorter  170  detects a contact on touch-sensitive display  112 , and event dispatcher module  174  delivers the event information to application  136 - 1 . A respective event recognizer  180  of application  136 - 1  compares the event information to respective event definitions  186 , and determines whether a first contact at a first location on the touch-sensitive surface (or whether rotation of the device) corresponds to a predefined event or sub-event, such as selection of an object on a user interface, or rotation of the device from one orientation to another. When a respective predefined event or sub-event is detected, event recognizer  180  activates an event handler  190  associated with the detection of the event or sub-event. Event handler  190  optionally uses or calls data updater  176  or object updater  177  to update the application internal state  192 . In some embodiments, event handler  190  accesses a respective GUI updater  178  to update what is displayed by the application. Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in the art how other processes can be implemented based on the components depicted in  FIGS.  1 A- 1 B . 
     The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best use the invention and various described embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20230324
Publication Date: 20240528
Grant Date: 20240528
Priority Date: 20200924
Inventors: SHARMA, PRAVEEN
O'LEARY, FIONA P.
MALIA, Joseph A.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G06T19/006", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06T7/70", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06T13/20", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06V20/20", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06T19/006", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L67/52", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W4/025", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W4/023", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06T13/20", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06T7/70", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 80740700