PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-12198875-B2
Application Number: US-202117344337-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: One-way visibility keycaps

Abstract:
Keyboards and other electronic input devices have a key or keys with glyphs that are invisible to an unaided human eye in a first condition, such as when an underlying display attached to the key is not emitting light. The glyphs are visible through the key or keys when the display emits light. A one-way visibility layer or structure obscures the visibility of the display when viewed from above, but when the display emits light, the light penetrates through the one-way visibility layer, such as by passing through an array of microperforations in the key, and is visible to an onlooker.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A key mechanism, comprising:
 a keycap comprising a top surface, a bottom surface, an array of perforations through the top surface and the bottom surface, and a sidewall defining a protrusion; 
 an array of lights attached to the bottom surface of the keycap and comprising lights arranged in a two-dimensional grid pattern, wherein:
 each single light of the array of lights is configured to illuminate a single respective perforation of the array of perforations; and 
 the array of lights is positioned on a display supported by the protrusion; 
 
 a base plate positioned below the keycap and the array of lights; and 
 a switch to detect movement of the keycap relative to the base plate. 
 
     
     
       2. The key mechanism of  claim 1 , wherein the array of perforations is arranged in a rectangular grid. 
     
     
       3. The key mechanism of  claim 1 , wherein the array of perforations is invisible to an unaided human eye. 
     
     
       4. The key mechanism of  claim 1 , wherein the array of perforations comprises a perforation having a tapering diameter. 
     
     
       5. The key mechanism of  claim 1 , wherein the keycap further comprises an at least partially transparent material at least partially filling a perforation of the array of perforations. 
     
     
       6. The key mechanism of  claim 1 , wherein the array of lights is controllable to selectively display a first glyph or a second glyph through the array of perforations. 
     
     
       7. The key mechanism of  claim 1 , wherein the sidewall comprises an opaque portion preventing light from the array of lights from passing below the keycap. 
     
     
       8. A keyboard assembly, comprising:
 a housing; 
 a substrate positioned in the housing; 
 a set of key mechanisms positioned in the housing over the substrate, each key mechanism of the set of key mechanisms comprising:
 a keycap having a top surface and a bottom surface with a plurality of microperforations extending from the bottom surface to the top surface; 
 a light source attached to the bottom surface and movable with the keycap, wherein a plurality of lights from the light source is positioned relative to the plurality of microperforations such that each microperforation of the plurality of microperforations is isolated from receiving light from an adjacent light of the plurality of lights; 
 a switch to detect movement of the keycap relative to the housing; and 
 
 a controller in electrical communication with the light source of each key mechanism via the substrate; 
 wherein with the controller in a first configuration, each top surface of each keycap of each key mechanism has a uniform appearance; and 
 wherein with the controller in a second configuration, each light source of each key mechanism generates a glyph, the glyphs being visible through the top surfaces of the keycaps. 
 
     
     
       9. The keyboard assembly of  claim 8 , wherein with the controller in the first configuration, no glyphs are visible at the top surfaces of the keycaps of the set of key mechanisms. 
     
     
       10. The keyboard assembly of  claim 8 , wherein at least the top surfaces of the keycaps comprise a visually identical material to a surface of the housing surrounding the keycaps. 
     
     
       11. The keyboard assembly of  claim 8 , wherein the plurality of microperforations is invisible to an unaided human eye. 
     
     
       12. The keyboard assembly of  claim 8 , wherein with the controller in a third configuration, each light source of each key mechanism generates a second glyph, the second glyph being visible through the top surfaces of the keycaps. 
     
     
       13. The keyboard assembly of  claim 8 , wherein the keycap comprises a set of openings corresponding to a set of lighting devices of the light source at a 1-to-1 ratio. 
     
     
       14. The keyboard assembly of  claim 8 , wherein with the controller in the second configuration, light emitted from each light source is only visible after passing through the top surfaces of the keycaps. 
     
     
       15. An electronic input device, comprising:
 a housing; 
 a transparent keycap body having a bottom surface, a sidewall extending below the bottom surface, and a shelf protruding inward relative to the sidewall; 
 a light display attached to the transparent keycap body and positioned below the bottom surface of the transparent keycap body and positioned on the shelf; 
 a one-way visibility layer positioned above the light display; 
 a collapsible dome switch positioned between the housing and the light display; and 
 a power source connected to the light display; 
 wherein the light display is configured to emit light in response to power being provided to the light display by the power source and the light is visible through the one-way visibility layer and through the transparent keycap body; and 
 wherein with the light display not emitting light, the light display is visually obscured by the one-way visibility layer. 
 
     
     
       16. The electronic input device of  claim 15 , wherein the one-way visibility layer comprises an array of light transmissible microperforations. 
     
     
       17. The electronic input device of  claim 15 , wherein the one-way visibility layer comprises a one-way mirrored portion. 
     
     
       18. The electronic input device of  claim 15 , wherein the one-way visibility layer is attached to the bottom surface. 
     
     
       19. The electronic input device of  claim 15 , wherein the light display comprises an array of light sources arranged in a rectangular grid. 
     
     
       20. The electronic input device of  claim 15 , wherein the housing comprises a surface surrounding a perimeter of the transparent keycap body and having a visual appearance matching the one-way visibility layer.

Description:
FIELD 
     The described embodiments relate generally to keyboards and key mechanisms for electronic device. More particularly, the present embodiments relate to keycaps having illuminable glyphs that are selectively visible or invisible to an unaided human eye. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Keyboards for computing devices have many purposes and are used in a wide range of places and times. A keyboard is one of the largest, most prominent, and most used parts of a computer, and as such, plays a crucial role in a user&#39;s experience with the device. Keyboards strongly influence the appearance and aesthetic of the computer, the usability and approachability of the device, the user&#39;s perception of quality, the tactile and audible feedback provided to the user, and more. 
     Keyboard keys often include legends or glyphs used to identify the functions of each key. Also, to improve ease of use of a keyboard in low light conditions, many keyboards provide backlighting that illuminates the keys or glyphs. In many instances, the keycaps are designed to be thin and inexpensive, thereby leading them to be made of plastic and with painted-on or top-coated glyph material. Painted or coated keycaps tend to have low durability due to their repeated contact with fingers, especially when the user has oily or dirty hands, thereby causing the glyphs to rub off or to become unreadable over time. Additionally, because the keycaps are made of plastic, they tend to have a lower quality feel and timbre as compared to other materials. 
     Makers and users of keyboard devices are constantly seeking improvements to these technologies to better serve the needs of makers and users of computer products. 
     SUMMARY 
     An aspect of the present disclosure relates to a key mechanism, including a keycap including a top surface, a bottom surface, and an array of perforations through the top and bottom surfaces, an array of lights attached to the bottom surface of the keycap, wherein each single light of the array of lights illuminates a single respective perforation of the array of perforations, a base plate positioned below the keycap and the array of lights, and a switch to detect movement of the keycap relative to the base plate. 
     In some embodiments, the array of perforations is arranged in a rectangular grid. The array of perforations can be invisible to an unaided human eye. The array of perforations can include at least one perforation having a tapering diameter. The keycap can further include an at least partially transparent material at least partially filling at least some of the perforations of the array of perforations. The array of lights can be controllable to selectively display a first glyph or a second glyph through the array of perforations. The keycap can include an opaque side wall preventing light from the array of lights from passing below the keycap. 
     Another aspect of the disclosure relates to a keyboard assembly including a housing, a substrate positioned in the housing, and a set of key mechanisms positioned in the housing over the substrate, with each key mechanism of the set of key mechanisms including a keycap having a top surface and a bottom surface, a light source positioned under the bottom surface and movable with the keycap, a switch to detect movement of the keycap relative to the housing, and a controller in electrical communication with the light sources of each key mechanism via the substrate. With the controller in a first configuration, each top surface of each keycap of each key mechanism can have a uniform appearance, and with the controller in a second configuration, each light source of each key mechanism can generate a glyph, with the glyphs being visible through the top surfaces of the keycaps. 
     In some embodiments, with the controller in the first configuration, no glyphs are visible at the top surfaces of the keycaps of the key mechanisms. At least the top surfaces of the keycaps can include a visually identical material to a surface of the housing surrounding the keycaps. The keycap can include an array of perforations invisible to an unaided human eye. With the controller in a third configuration, each light source of each key mechanism can generate a second glyph, with the second glyphs being visible through the top surfaces of the keycaps. The keycap can include a set of openings respectively corresponding to a set of lighting devices of the light source at a 1-to-1 ratio. With the controller in the second configuration, light emitted from each light source can be configured to be only visible after passing through the top surfaces of the keycaps. 
     Yet another aspect of the disclosure relates to an electronic input device, including a housing, a transparent keycap body having a bottom surface, a light display attached to the transparent keycap body and positioned below the bottom surface of the transparent keycap body, a one-way visibility layer positioned above the light display, a collapsible dome switch positioned between the housing and the light display, and a power source connected to the light display. The light display can be configured to emit light in response to power being provided to the light display by the power source, and the light is visible through the one-way visibility layer and through the transparent keycap body, and with the light display not emitting light, the light display can be visually obscured by the one-way visibility layer. 
     In some embodiments, the one-way visibility layer includes an array of microperforations through which the light can pass, or light transmissible microperforations. The one-way visibility layer can include a one-way mirrored portion. The one-way visibility layer can also be attached to the bottom surface of the transparent keycap body. The light display can include an array of light sources arranged in a rectangular grid. The housing can include a surface surrounding a perimeter of the transparent keycap body and having a visual appearance matching the one-way visibility layer. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The disclosure will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like structural elements, and in which: 
         FIG.  1    shows a computing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  2 A  shows a top view of a keyboard of a computing device in a first condition. 
         FIG.  2 B  shows a top view of the keyboard of  FIG.  2 A  in a second condition. 
         FIG.  3 A  shows a perspective view of a key mechanism of the keyboard of  FIG.  2 A . 
         FIG.  3 B  shows a diagrammatic view of the key mechanism of  FIG.  3 A  in a first condition. 
         FIG.  3 C  shows a diagrammatic view of the key mechanism of  FIG.  3 A  in a second condition. 
         FIG.  3 D  shows a diagrammatic view of the key mechanism of  FIG.  3 A  in a third condition. 
         FIG.  4    shows a side section view of the key mechanism of  FIG.  3 A . 
         FIG.  4 A  shows a detail view of the key mechanism of  FIG.  4   . 
         FIG.  4 B  shows a detail view of an alternate embodiment of the key mechanism of  FIG.  4   . 
         FIG.  5    shows a perspective view of a key mechanism. 
         FIG.  6    shows a side section view of the key mechanism of  FIG.  5   . 
         FIG.  7    shows a side section view of an additional embodiment a key mechanism. 
         FIG.  8    shows a perspective view of a key mechanism. 
         FIG.  9    shows a side section view of a key mechanism. 
         FIG.  10    shows a computer system of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  11    is a flow diagram illustrating a method of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Reference will now be made in detail to representative embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the following descriptions are not intended to limit the embodiments to one preferred embodiment. To the contrary, it is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as can be included within the spirit and scope of the described embodiments as defined by the appended claims. 
     Aspects of the present disclosure relate to keyboards used with computing devices that have high durability, high visibility, and user-friendliness, a comfortable and high-quality feel, and that provide customizability and a unique aesthetic appearance. In one instance, a keyboard can include keycaps that have a uniform and clean appearance when the keyboard is inactive, such as when it is not being used or when the computing device to which the keyboard is connected is not being used. Thus, the keycaps can appear blank, lacking any glyphs or symbols that would be visible to an unaided human eye on a normal keyboard, even under close examination. In some embodiments, the keycaps can also have an appearance that matches or closely approximates the appearance of the housing of the keyboard in which the keyboard key mechanisms (including the keycaps) are positioned. 
     When the keyboard is activated, however, glyphs for each of the keycaps can appear on the keys due to light emitted through the keycaps from beneath the top surfaces of the keycaps. The glyphs can appear to float due to individual light sources or displays that are positioned on or under each of the keycaps. Thus, all of the light output by the light sources or displays can be directed through the top of the keycaps to generate the glyphs, as compared to conventional keyboards where light typically bleeds between adjacent keycaps or is visible between or below the keycaps. 
     In various embodiments, the glyphs can become visible when the keyboard is activated because the light sources or displays for each key emit light through perforations in the surface of the keycaps (or a structure under a light-transmissive portion) that guide the light from an array of lights/light emitting devices (e.g., microscopic light emitting diodes (LEDs)) positioned under the perforations. Each light of the array of lights can comprise a single light source (e.g., a single LED) or a single set of grouped, pixel-like light source (e.g., an RGB LED having a single set of unique red, green, and blue LEDs used for a single point of light output). These perforations can be microscopic perforations (i.e., microperforations) that are small enough to be invisible to an unaided human eye when light is not illuminating them from below, but when light passes through them from below, the light can be seen through the perforations, such as when the light is viewed along their longitudinal axes. Each light of the array of lights can correspond to a single perforation, such as a single LED (or a single set of RGB LEDs) being aligned with a single perforation for each of the LEDS/perforations in the assembly. 
     Using this construction, the keycaps of the keyboard can be made with materials not typically used in keycaps for conventional keyboards, such as metals including aluminum. Accordingly, the keycaps of the keyboard can have top surfaces that match the appearance of the housing surfaces of the keyboard surrounding the keycaps that may also have metal surfaces. This can contribute to an overall clean appearance of the keyboard resting in its housing and can further enhance the “floating” effect of the lighted glyphs by making the boundaries between the keycaps and their housing (e.g., including a web extending between keys) less prominent. 
     In some embodiments, the light sources or displays can include an array of LEDs such as a display using micro-LED or OLED pixels. The perforations in the keycaps can correspond in number to the pixels of the display so that, for example, each single pixel of the display can provide light to one single perforation. In this manner, the displays/light sources can be controlled to generate glyphs that are changeable or adjustable between different shapes, letters, colors, symbols, animations, languages, and other features. For instance, a controller of the keyboard can be used to control the displays to change between different keyboard layouts (e.g., QWERTY, QWERTZ, Colemak, etc.), different keyboard standards or languages (e.g., ANSI, ISO, JIS, Korean, Chinese, etc.), and different symbols or customizable glyphs (e.g., emoji, icons, system controls like power, volume, or brightness, application-specific function indicators, etc.). In some embodiments, the key displays can be controlled to show animations, video, or other changing information over time in one key or a group of keys. Thus, these keycaps can enable interactivity with the keyboard in engaging and pleasing ways for users, while also having a subdued, refined, and uniform appearance while not being used. 
     Additionally, some keyboards of the present disclosure can include transparent keycap bodies upon which a one-way visibility layer is deposited or attached. The one-way visibility layer can obscure the visibility of a display or light source attached to the keycap below the layer by reflecting light at an outer surface while still allowing light to pass through the layer from an inner side when the display or light source is activated. The one-way visibility layer can include a one-way mirror or a layer of opaque material having an array of microperforations that allow one-way visibility similar to the microperforations described above. In one embodiment, the keycap body can include transparent glass and the visibility layer can include a paint applied to the bottom surface of the keycap body that is micro-perforated in a way that aligns the perforations with pixels of a display attached below the paint layer. In another embodiment, the keycap body can include a layer with a metallic physical vapor deposition (PVD) coating to create the one-way mirror effect. The glass surface of the keycaps can have a pleasing, cool-temperature, high-quality feel and can be designed to mimic the appearance of the housing surrounding the keycaps, a housing of a display (such as the display screen of a laptop computer in which the keyboard is positioned), a trackpad, touchscreen, or other nearby components. Thus, the glass keycaps can enable design features for computing devices that could otherwise not be possible. 
     These and other embodiments are discussed below with reference to the figures. However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the detailed description given herein with respect to these Figures is for explanatory purposes only and should not be construed as limiting. Furthermore, as used herein, a system, a method, an article, a component, a feature, or a sub-feature including at least one of a first option, a second option, or a third option should be understood as referring to a system, a method, an article, a component, a feature, or a sub-feature that can include one of each listed option (e.g., only one of the first option, only one of the second option, or only one of the third option), multiple of a single listed option (e.g., two or more of the first option), two options simultaneously (e.g., one of the first option and one of the second option), or combination thereof (e.g., two of the first option and one of the second option). 
       FIG.  1    illustrates an example embodiment of a computing device  100  having a display housing  102  attached to a keyboard housing  104 . The display housing  102  can contain a display screen  106  around which a bezel  108  extends. The keyboard housing  104  can contain a keyboard  110  and a trackpad  112  that are accessible through a top surface  114  of the keyboard housing  104 . 
     The computing device  100  is shown in  FIG.  1    as being a laptop computer, but the computing device  100  can include a variety of different types of computing devices, such as notebook computers, desktop computers, tablet computers, smart phones, servers, similar devices, and combinations thereof. Furthermore, the keyboard housing  104  can be a peripheral input device that is connectable to a computing device (e.g., via a wired or wireless connection) such as a standalone keyboard, a number input pad, a trackpad, mouse, or other pointer input device, a graphic pen tablet, similar devices, and combinations thereof. Thus, the computing device  100  is shown merely as an example device with which aspects of the present disclosure are illustrated for convenience. 
     Generally, with a laptop computer like computing device  100 , a processor, memory device, electronic storage device, portable power source or power source connector, circuit boards, keyboard and trackpad controllers, and other related electronic components can be stored in the keyboard housing  104  and/or the display housing  102 . Thus, the computing device  100  can include all electrical devices and components necessary for operation of a keyboard  110  including keyboard switches and displays connected to one or more of the keys of the keyboard  110 . See also  FIG.  10   . 
       FIG.  2 A  illustrates a top view of the keyboard  110  positioned in the upper surface  114  of the keyboard housing  104 . In this view, the keyboard  110  is inactive and has its glyphs visually hidden. The keyboard  110  includes a set of key mechanisms with keycaps  200  visible at the top of the keyboard  110 . In some embodiments, a key web  202  can extend between the keycaps  210  form a mesh-like frame surrounding the perimeter of each of the keycaps  200 . The key web  202  can be part of the upper surface  114  of the keyboard housing  104  or can be a separate part positionable between the keycaps  200  and attachable to structures within, or that are part of, the keyboard housing  104 . 
     The material used at the top surface of the keycaps  200  can have a visually identical appearance as the material used for the key web  202  or the top surface  114  that surrounds the perimeter of the keyboard  110 . In an example case, the material can be aluminum (e.g., anodized aluminum) or another metal. As used herein, components that have the “same appearance” or that “match in appearance” are components that appear to an unaided human eye to share the same visual reflectivity, surface texture, color (e.g., hue, saturation, and brightness), and opacity/transparency/translucency. 
     As used herein, an “unaided human eye” is a naked eye of a typical human observer having regular vision and that is not augmented or supplemented by magnifying lenses, microscopes, cameras, or other scopes or equipment used to discern microscopically-sized objects such as the perforations in the keycaps  200  described below. Generally, the unaided human eye, at a normal viewing distance from a keyboard (e.g., about 350 to about 450 millimeters), is incapable of discerning perforations in a surface that are about 0.3 millimeters or less across. At an about 200-250 millimeter viewing distance, the unaided human eye generally cannot distinguish perforations smaller than about 75 microns wide. 
     However, microscopic light sources, even ones viewed at great distances, can be visible through microscopic perforations. Thus, a material, even metal, can have a “one-way” visibility characteristic wherein when not backlit, an array of perforations in the material can appear visually identical to a piece of the material without the perforations (e.g., with the same reflectivity and other visible characteristics), yet light can easily be seen by the unaided human eye when it passes through the perforations from an underlying light source. 
     The top surfaces of the keycaps  200  can have a consistent, uniform appearance compared to each other when viewed by an unaided human eye. In other words, the keycaps  200  can have an appearance of a single material composition, and an appearance lacking any visible perforations, glyphs, engravings, additional printed material, or other similar indicators used in keyboards while they are unlit and displays below the top surfaces are not emitting light through the perforations. See also  FIGS.  3 A- 3 B . 
       FIG.  2 B  shows the keyboard  110  when the displays within the keycaps  200  are illuminated to generate glyphs  204 . The glyphs  204  can include letters, numbers, symbols, shapes, lines, words, phrases, pictures, and other visual indicators used to convey information to the observer such as the function of the keycap  200  when it is pressed. In some instances, the glyphs  204  can also include indicators for the status or operation of the computing device  100  as a whole, such as a caps lock indicator  206 , a volume, brightness, power, or other computer function modifier, a “busy” or “processing” indicator, similar indicators, and combinations thereof. 
       FIG.  3 A  shows an orthographic view of a keycap  200  positioned in a rigid web  202  and shown separate from other keycaps and key mechanisms of the keyboard  110 . This view shows that the top surface  300  of the keycap  200  can have a blank, empty, clean, uniform appearance to an unaided human eye while the display below the top surface  300  is inactive.  FIG.  3 B  shows a similar view to  FIG.  3 A  but with the array of perforations through the top surface  300  simplified and visibly enlarged for the purposes of explanation in the present disclosure. In other words, the keycap  200  would appear to an unaided human eye as it appears in  FIG.  3 A  when not underlit, but  FIG.  3 B  is provided to illustrate where microperforations could be formed in the keycap  200  and how they could appear if they were visible to an unaided human eye. 
     The key web  202  can include a set of openings  302  through which the keycaps  200  and their associated key mechanisms can extend. The openings  302  can extend through the top surface  304  of key web  202  and can be large enough for the keycaps  200  to travel vertically relative to the key web  202  without contacting the inner edge of the openings  302 . In some embodiments, the key web  202  can be omitted, wherein a set of keys  200  of the keyboard  110  can be positioned within a single large opening. In this case, the set of keys can be positioned adjacent to each other with edges of the keycaps spaced apart by gaps, and the gaps can be empty rather than being filled by portions of the key web  202  in the manner shown in  FIGS.  2 A,  2 B,  3 A, and  3 B . 
     The keycap  200 , and in some examples, at least the top surface  300 , or at least the top surface  300  and side surfaces  306 , can include a material composition that provides high durability and structural integrity even when a large number of microperforations  308  penetrate through the top surface  300 . In one example embodiment, the keycap  200  can at least partially include a metal portion which extends across the top surface  300  and through which the microperforations  308  are formed. The metal portion can beneficially be formed using aluminum and other durable materials that are easily machined and in which the microperforations  308  can be formed using standard industrial processes, such as laser cutting. A metal top surface  300  also beneficially tends to have a high-quality feel, resistance to scratching, resistance to wear, a cool temperature to the touch due to a high heat transfer coefficient, and high rigidity, even at low thicknesses. 
     Aluminum is also a material that is frequently used in housings of keyboards and other electronic devices (e.g.,  104 ), so the keycaps  200  can have a visual appearance that matches the surrounding enclosure surface  114  and/or web  202 , thereby imparting a consistent visual appearance to the top surface of the housing and to the keys themselves. When anodized aluminum is used for a housing  104 , anodization of the keycaps  200  (due to their identical material composition) can ensure that the housing  104  and keycaps  200  share the same color, hardness, and other characteristics resulting from the anodization process. 
     Additionally, when the glyphs  204  are visible, the homogeneity of the appearance of the keycaps  200  and their surrounding housing structures can help create an effect wherein the glyphs  204  appear to “float” above the housing  104  or appear to exist independent of the keycaps  200 . When the glyphs  204  are not visible, as illustrated in  FIG.  3 A , the matching appearance of the keycaps  200  and the housing can make the keycaps  200  blend into the housing and create an appearance of blank keycaps without visible legends. 
     The microperforations  308  can be formed in arrays that are shaped and sized to correspond to the shape and size of the top surface  300  of the keycap through which they extend. For example, a square keycap  200  with a square top surface  300  can have a substantially square array of microperforations  308 , wherein the array has each microperforation equally spaced apart from its neighboring microperforations, and wherein the number of rows of microperforations is equal to the number of columns thereof. In an example embodiment, about 600 microperforations can be part of the array in a single keycap  200 , so about 25 rows of microperforations and 25 columns of microperforations, arranged in a grid, can extend across the top surface  300 . This number of microperforations and square configuration can be used in keycaps  200  that are square, and for keycaps that are not square, such as a shift key or spacebar, the array of microperforations can be the same or modified to extend across those keys with greater widths or heights than other square keys. For example, the number of columns across a key  310  in  FIG.  2 A  can be about five times higher than the number of columns in a typical square keycap  200  due to having a width about five times greater than the width of a single square key  200 . 
     The number of microperforations in a single key&#39;s array can be determined based on the vertical thickness of the keycap  200  through which the microperforations  308  are formed. A stiffer and stronger keycap  200  material composition (e.g., metal) can support a higher density of microperforations at a given thickness, and a more flexible or brittle key material composition (e.g., plastic) can require a lower density of microperforations at the same thickness to avoid manufacturing flaws and low durability (e.g., cracking of the top surface  300  between perforations). With greater thicknesses, the structural integrity of the keycap  200  can support higher-density arrays of microperforations  308 . However, low thicknesses can beneficially correspond to better light penetration, and thus, better definition, sharpness, viewing angles, and readability of the glyphs. In an example embodiment with an aluminum keycap  200 , the vertical thickness of the keycap can be about 300 microns, and the diameter of each microperforation  308  can be about 30 microns. See also  FIGS.  4 ,  4 A, and  4 B  and their related descriptions elsewhere herein. 
     In some embodiments, the array of microperforations can extend substantially from edge to edge across the top surface  300 , wherein the microperforations  308  are evenly spaced from edge to edge or from one side  306  to an opposite side  306 . In this manner, glyphs created using the microperforations  308  can cover substantially the entire width or length of the top surface  300 . In the embodiment shown in  FIG.  3 B , the array of microperforations  308  lies within a central region  312  that is offset from the outer top edge of the top surface  300  by a perimeter region  314  that surrounds the central region  312  and forms a microperforation-free (i.e., solid) area of the keycap  200 . Incorporating a perimeter region  314  can beneficially increase the density of the number of microperforations per inch in the central region  312  due to the perimeter region  314  providing additional structural stability against bending or cracking of the keycap  200  since there are no microperforations in that region. Additionally, a perimeter region  314  can be useful in embodiments where the display or light sources below the keycap  200  do not extend edge to edge underneath the top surface  300 , so the central region  312  can effectively only cover and correspond to the light-outputting portions of that display or set of light sources. 
     Although  FIG.  3 B  shows the microperforations  308  arranged in a square, grid-like array, other embodiments can use different arrangements of microperforations, even in square keycaps. For instance, the microperforations  308  can be arranged in a filled-in circular pattern, a rectangular pattern, a diamond pattern, a logo or icon shape (e.g., an outline of a power button or volume indicator (i.e., a speaker symbol)), or a pattern that imitates the size and shape of one or more glyphs (e.g., an “A”-shape or the shape of multiple letters, symbols, or words (e.g., “SHIFT”)). Thus, the square array shown in the figures is for illustration purposes and should not be construed as limiting the manner in which the microperforations  308  can be arranged. 
       FIG.  3 C  is another view of the keycap  200  of  FIG.  3 B  wherein the microperforations  308  are partially illuminated from below using the display or by sources under the top surface  300 . In this example, a subset of the array of microperforations is illuminated to create a visible “A”-shaped glyph  316 . As compared to the configuration shown in  FIG.  3 B , the configuration shown in  FIG.  3 C  can have the glyphs  316  visible to an unaided human eye due to light being emitted through the subset of microperforations that corresponds to the shape of the glyph  316 . In some embodiments, the display or light sources can be configured in such manner that light emitted from one pixel or light source of the display or light sources can be embedded through a single corresponding microperforation  308  at a one-to-one ratio, and each pixel or light source can be prevented from emitting light through adjacent microperforations in a manner that would cause the glyph  316  to appear blurry around the edges. Additionally, in some embodiments, light from the display or light sources can be prevented from passing laterally through the side surfaces  306  or downward underneath the keycap  200 , thereby preventing light bleed through the opening  302  surrounding the side surfaces  306  or light bleed between adjacent side surfaces  306  of neighboring keycaps  200 . 
       FIG.  3 D  is an alternative view showing features of an embodiment that can be applied to the embodiments described above in  FIGS.  1 - 3 C . In this embodiment, the keycap  200  is configured to change the pattern of light emitted from the display or light sources to show a different glyph  318 . In this embodiment, the second glyph  318  has a “W”-shape instead of the “A”-shape of glyph  316 . The change in glyph can caused by the display or light sources emitting light from a second set of pixels or light sources that correspond to the positions of the microperforations that form the “W”-shape instead of the ones that form the “A”-shape. In  FIGS.  3 C and  3 D , the square array of microperforations  308  is used to generate both glyphs  316 ,  318 . 
     In some embodiments, only the perforations needed to form one glyph  316  (the “A”-shape) are included in the keycap  200 . In another example, the only perforations provided are those needed to form the glyph  316  in one state of display illumination and second glyph  318  in another state of display illumination. Thus, the number and placement of microperforations  308  can be limited to only the microperforations needed for certain specific letters, symbols, shapes, etc., and any additional microperforations can be omitted. 
     In some embodiments, the keyboard  110  can include keycaps  200  with glyphs  316 ,  318  that are changeable from at least a first configuration or appearance to a second configuration or appearance. The first configuration and/or second configuration can display a static glyph with a single shape, size, color, brightness, font, and other appearance characteristics. The static glyph can change at least one of these appearance characteristics when the display or light sources change the glyphs between the first and second configurations. In another example, the first configuration and/or second configuration can display a moving or otherwise changing glyph over time, such as an animation, a series of cycling or changing glyphs, a video, a color-changing sequence, a size-changing sequence, similar changes over time, and combinations thereof. See also  FIG.  11   . 
     Furthermore, this glyph customizability can extend to other features of the glyphs  316 ,  318  besides their overall shapes or symbols presented. The keyboard  110  as a whole can change its glyphs, such as by changing from one keyboard layout (e.g., QWERTY) to another keyboard layout (e.g., Colemak) in response to a user changing a setting for the keyboard and the associated key displays&#39; controller. This can beneficially enable the keyboard  110  to adapt to provide multiple different language settings, typing layouts, and other keyboard functions based on user preferences or programmed commands to the keyboard that are controlled by the keyboard&#39;s controller or that are enacted in response to a set of programmed instructions executed by a processor (e.g., a processor of the computing device  100 ). In this way, a single keyboard apparatus can be constructed and shipped to multiple different computer input device markets, including markets where keyboard layouts or language settings may differ from each other. 
     Furthermore, the changeable nature of the glyphs  316 ,  318  can be used to provide user experiences that would be impractical or impossible using a standard, conventional keyboard. For example, in some embodiments, the keyboard  110  can have glyphs (e.g.,  316 ) that are a standard setting, such as a language setting (e.g., an English language keyboard) for typical typing activities, and the keyboard  110  layout and/or glyphs can be modified (e.g., to  318 ) to provide a keyboard of symbols, images, animations, or shapes that would not be practical in a conventional keyboard, such as a keyboard of emoji shapes and pictures, GIF animations, a simulated set of piano keys, or letters typically only used in ancient languages for which keyboards are not generally used. 
     In one example embodiment, the set of keycaps  200  can collectively be used as a display, wherein each keycap  200  is configured to display a part of a larger image or a video that is presented spanning multiple keycaps  200 . For instance, a region of the keyboard  110  can be used to show a circle, wherein each keycap of a group of keycaps shows a different portion of the circumference, and keycaps within the circumference can be used to show a color of the circle. In another example, the keycaps  200  can collectively be used to show a video (e.g., a flashing light or color-changing sequence), a string of text (e.g., a welcome or warning message), or other data to the viewer (e.g., battery charge status or display brightness level for the computing device, user-defined text, etc.). 
     Additionally, in some cases glyphs can be modified or customized by a user to correspond to user preferences such as a custom keyboard layout. In an example embodiment, the user can reprogram the “Caps Lock” key to function as a “Ctrl” key or can replace a “Command” key&#39;s function with an “Alt” key function, and both of these changes could be accompanied by an appropriate change in glyph to reflect the new functions of the “Caps Lock” and “Command” keys. 
       FIG.  4    shows a side section view of a keycap  200  illustrating features of the keyboard  110  that support the keycap  200 . The keycap  200  can be positioned on top of a display  400  which is supported by a key stabilizer  402 . The key stabilizer  402  can be mounted to a membrane layer  404  or circuit board/substrate layer  406  supported by housing  104 . The keycap  200  can have a width less than the width of the opening  302  in the key web  202  so that the keycap  200  can translate vertically and independent of the key web  202  when a force is applied to its top surface  300  pressing it down. In some embodiments, the key web  202  can be mounted to the housing  104  or to the substrate layer  406 . 
     A collapsible dome  408  is positioned between the display  400  and the membrane  404 , and can include a resilient material configured to bias the keycap  200  and display  400  upward. The collapsible dome  408  can be configured to apply a biasing force to the keycap  200  to cause the keycap  200  to rise back to the position shown in  FIG.  4    after a user releases pressure on a depressed keycap  200 . In some embodiments, the collapsible dome  408  can be a switch that, when collapsed, can make an electrical signal indicating that the keycap  200  has been pressed down. For example, the collapsible dome  408  can include a conductive portion configured to make an electrical connection at the membrane  404  when the dome  408  has collapsed into contact with the membrane  404 . In some examples, the membrane layer  404  can include multiple layers, such as multiple conductive layers that are collapsed into contact with each other upon collapsing of the collapsible dome  408 . Moreover, those having the benefit of the present disclosure will understand how other switches and related keycap position detecting devices used in the art that can be applied to the key mechanisms for the keycaps  200  described herein. 
     The key stabilizer  402  can provide support to the keycap  200  and display  400  in a manner that helps prevent rotation of the keycap  200  when a downward force is applied off-center on the top surface  300 . Thus, the key stabilizer  402  can help the keycap  200  remain parallel to the lower layers  404 ,  406  as it vertically translates while in use. A key stabilizer  402  can include a scissor mechanism having two crossing hinged parts which are pivotally or flexibly connected to the display  400  or keycap  200  at the top end of the stabilizer  402  and to the substrate  406  or housing  104  at the bottom end of the stabilizer  402 . Downward pressure on the keycap  200  can cause rotation of the scissor mechanism hinged parts at pivot connection axes  410 ,  412 ,  414 , and  416  (and potentially others). Rotation at one of these pivot connection axes can cause movement of the hinged parts of the stabilizer  402  that keeps the keycap  200  from rotating about the pivot axes. For example, a downward force applied to the top surface  300  above axis  412  can induce rotation of the stabilizer  402  at axes  412  and  414 , and rotation of the arm of the stabilizer  402  can pull down the other, crossing arm of the stabilizer  402 , thereby inducing rotation at axes  410  and  416 . The key stabilizer  402  can include a central opening that receives the collapsible dome  408  so that the arms of the stabilizer  402  can move around the dome  408  without causing the dome to collapse due to contact with the stabilizer  402 . 
     The keycap  200  can be attached to and positioned on top of a display  400 , or a set of light sources that includes an array of light sources (e.g., pixels) that correspond to some or all of the microperforations  308  extending through the keycap  200 . As shown in  FIG.  4   , the display  400  can have a width extending across the central region  312  and having its light sources extending across substantially the entire width of central region  312 . The display  400  can have an electrical connection to the substrate  406  via a flexible connector  418  that extends from one side of the bottom surface of the display  400  to the substrate  406  below. The flexible connector  418  can include conductors, wiring, etc. to allow power and control signals to be provided to the display  400  for power and control of the light sources in the display  400 . Upon movement of the keycap  200  downward, the flexible connector  418  can bend, flex, and/or compress to accommodate the keycap&#39;s movement while maintaining electrical communication with the substrate  406 . The flexible connector  418  can beneficially extend from an edge or bottom surface near the outer perimeter of the display  400  in a manner that avoids mechanical interference with movement of the stabilizer  402  or collapsible dome  408 , thereby improving the durability and longevity of the flexible connector  418 . 
     The keycap  200  can also include sidewalls  306  that extend laterally around the display  400  and that block any stray laterally-projected light from the display  400  from escaping the sides of the keycap  200  and being visible by a user. The sidewalls  306  can also protect and cover the sides of the display  400  for improved aesthetics (e.g., matching the appearance of the key web  202 ) and prevention of intrusion of contaminants or damage to the display  400 . The inner surfaces of the sidewalls  306  can include one or more ridges or protrusions  420  configured to provide support to the display  400  and to help retain the display  400  within the keycap  200 . The ridges or protrusions  420  can form a shelf-like surface undergirding the display  400  and reinforcing an adhesive or other attachment devices used to keep the display  400  securely positioned against the bottom surface of the keycap  200 . 
       FIG.  4 A  schematically represents a detail view of the keycap  200  and display  400  at a microscopic level that shows a side-view cross-section of the microperforations  308  and their positioning above the display  400 . The number and size of the perforations and light sources shown in  FIGS.  4  and  4 A  are not to scale, and are schematically shown for aid in understanding the devices of the present disclosure. The display  400  shows the array of light sources  422  with each light source  422  positioned at the bottom opening of each microperforation  308 . Accordingly, each light source  422  can individually emit light upward through the microperforation  308  aligned with it, thereby illuminating a single microperforation at a time. This configuration allows fine control of the appearance of the keycap  200  by enabling precise illumination of selected microperforations in the array of microperforations according to control of the illumination of the individual light sources  422 . Furthermore, as shown in  FIG.  4 A , the light sources  422  can have their top ends substantially abutting or positioned directly under each microperforation  308  in a manner that prevents light emitted from a light source  422  from scattering into an adjacent microperforation  308 , thereby preventing edge fuzziness or other lack of clarity of the glyphs generated by the display  400 . 
     The light sources  422  can include semiconductor light sources or other solid-state lighting devices. For example, some suitable light sources include, but are not necessarily limited to, light-emitting diodes (e.g., LEDs or micro-LEDs) (e.g., in single and/or multiple colors), organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), polymer light emitting diodes (PLEDs), electroluminescent (EL) strips, similar devices, and combinations thereof. A given light source  422  can be configured to produce one or more colors, intensities, patterns, etc. of light of any desired spectral range (e.g., visible, infrared, ultraviolet, etc.), as desired for a given target application or end-use. Other suitable light engine types, configurations, and emission spectra for a given light source  422  will depend on a given application and will be apparent in view of the present disclosure. 
     The light sources  422  in  FIG.  4 A  are illustrated as a set of red-green-blue (RGB)-emitting pixels, wherein one of each color channel is capable of emitting its color into one microperforation  308 , so that each microperforation  308  can have red, green, and blue light emitted through it with various levels brightness for each. Thus, the display  400  can be controlled to emit a large range of hues, saturations, and brightnesses from the light sources  422 . In some embodiments, the display  400  can include light sources  422  that have binary light emitting properties (e.g., just on or off) or that only emit one or two colors (e.g., white, blue, red, blue and red, etc.). The width of each light source  422  can be less than, or about equal to, the width of the microperforation  308  nearest to the light source  422 . In this manner, light from the light sources  422  can be efficiently emitted through the microperforation  308  instead of being absorbed or otherwise wasted below the keycap  200 , thereby improving brightness and color accuracy of the display  400 . 
     The display  400  can include an onboard display controller  424  in electrical communication with some or all of the light sources  422  in the display  400 . A display controller  424  is shown schematically in  FIG.  4 A  in electrical communication with a portion of the light sources  422 . The display controller  424  can control the output characteristics of the light sources  422  to which it is connected by controlling the provision of power to each light-emitting portion of the light sources  422  so that chosen color properties are emitted from the light sources  422  and so that the proper light sources  422  are enabled to create the glyph for the keycap  200 . The display controller  424  can be part of, or connected to, an output device adapter  1020  (see  FIG.  10   ). 
       FIG.  4 A  also illustrates how a microperforation (e.g., example microperforation  426 ) can have a tapered diameter and frusto-conical profile. This shape can be formed by creating the microperforation  426  using laser engraving techniques and similar irradiating ablation operations. As such, the microperforation  426  can have a greater width W 1  at its top, outer end as compared to a smaller width W 2  at its lower, inner end. The height H (i.e., depth) of the microperforation  426  can extend through the entire thickness of the keycap  200  between the top surface  300  and the surface facing the top of display  400 . In some embodiments, the outer width W 1  can be less than or equal to about 75 microns, and the inner width W 2  can be equal to about 30 microns. The height H can be determined based on the material properties of the keycap  200 , wherein the height H can correspond to the minimum thickness of the keycap  200  that preserves the durability, bending strength, and other physical characteristics needed for the keycap  200  to retain its structure and appearance over long periods of use. In an example embodiment, the microperforation  426  can have a width W 1  of about 90 micrometers, a width W 2  of about 30 micrometers, and a height H of about 300 micrometers with an aluminum keycap material. The dimensions shown in the figures are not to scale. 
     Minimizing the height H of the microperforations  308  can improve the perceived maximum brightness, clarity, viewing angles, and sharpness of the glyphs due to minimizing the amount of material covering and interfering with the light sources  422 . Additionally, in an example embodiment, the distance D between the centers of adjacent micoperforations  308  can be in a range of about 0.15 millimeters to about 0.25 millimeters, or in one embodiment about 0.2 millimeters, thereby also helping to preserve the structural properties of the keycap  200  and the imperceptibility of the microperforations  308  while also keeping the array of perforations dense enough to make discernment of individual backlighted perforations difficult or impossible to an unaided human eye. 
     The microperforations  308  can have sloped sidewalls  428  that vertically taper down from the outer width W 1  to the inner width W 2 . In some embodiments, these sidewalls can be designed with improved reflectivity as compared to the top surface  300  or other surfaces of the keycap  200 . For example, a coating or reflective treatment can be added to the sloped sidewalls to improve the efficiency of the light sources  422  and to maximize the amount of light that escapes each perforation. In another example, the surfaces of the sloped sidewalls can be laser-treated to refine their surface finish to improve their reflectivity. Highly reflective sloped sidewalls can also improve viewing angles of the glyphs so that they are visible from lower angles relative to a vertical axis extending through each perforation as compared to embodiments where the sloped sidewalls are less reflective. When a coating or other reflective additive is applied to the microperforations, the microperforations can be initially formed have a greater than usual widths W 1 , W 2  so that the final dimensions of each perforation width W 1 , W 2  (after coating or other covering buildup) end up within proper specifications for light transmission (as described above). 
     Similarly, in some embodiments the keycap  200  can be anodized. An anodization layer can add about 10 microns of thickness to the surfaces of the keycap  200  to which it is added. Accordingly, the keycap  200  can be designed with microperforations  308  that are about 20 microns greater in width at widths W 1  and W 2  so that the added thickness of the anodization layer (on each side of the microperforation) does not cause the perforations to become too narrow to perform their intended functions. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the keycap  200  can be anodized before the microperforations  308  are added. In that example, the microperforations  308  can be formed with their final dimensions since no added material will be coated or will be otherwise added to the sloped sidewalls. In other words, the microperforations can be cut to their expected final tolerances by the laser, rather than being enlarged to accommodate a coating or anodization layer. 
       FIG.  4 B  shows an alternative embodiment side section view with the keycap  200 -A having its array of microperforations  308  at least partially filled by a filler material  430 . In this embodiment, the filler material  430  is an ultraviolet (UV) glue configured to be applied to the empty microperforations  308  as a liquid and then cured in place (polymerized) by UV light irradiation. The filler material  430  can alternatively include other liquid adhesives, mediums, resins, etc. that will be apparent to those having skill in the art and the benefit of the present disclosure. The filler material  430  can be transparent to allow maximum light emission through the microperforations  308 . In some embodiments, the filler material  430  can be translucent/partially opaque to help diffuse the light and to improve the range of viewing angles of the illuminated glyphs. Thus, the filler material  430  can be referred to as a diffuser material or a light diffuser positioned within the array of microperforations. 
     The filler material  430  can have a top surface that is recessed below the top surface  300  of the keycap  200  due to surface tension or due to formation of a meniscus at the top surface of the filler material  430 . The meniscus can be concave, as shown in  FIG.  4 B , or convex, depending on the material used for the filler. The top surface of the filler material  430  can be close to the top surface  300  of the keycap  200  to help minimize the visibility of the microperforations  308  and to ensure maximum reinforcement to the keycap  200 . 
     In some embodiments, inclusion of the filler material  430  can improve the structural rigidity of the keycap  200 -A at the microperforations  308 , thereby improving its durability and enabling the keycap  200 -A to be thinner (e.g., as compared to keycap  200  in  FIG.  4 A ). The filler material  430  can also serve as a barrier to debris, liquid, dust, finger oils, and other potential contaminants that could block light coming from the light sources  422  by occluding or filling a microperforation  308 . Accordingly, the appearance of the array of microperforations  308  can function more consistently over a long period of time and even after being exposed to contaminants because those contaminants cannot penetrate into the microperforations. 
       FIG.  5    is an orthographic view of a keycap  500  positioned in a rigid web  502  and shown separate from other keycaps and key mechanisms of a keyboard (e.g.,  110 ). Features of the keycap  500  can be incorporated into other embodiments shown elsewhere herein.  FIG.  6    shows a side section view of the keycap  500  and associated parts. The keycap  500  includes an upper body  504  with an opaque layer  506  attached to the bottom surface  508  of the upper body  504 . A display  510  is attached to the keycap below the opaque layer  506  and is configured with a plurality of light sources  512  oriented to vertically upward through an array of microperforations  514  in the opaque layer  506  and through the upper body  504 . The bottom of the display  510  can be mounted to a key stabilizer  516  having pivoting arms, wings, or similar structures, as described in connection with  FIG.  4   . A membrane  518  and a substrate  520  can be positioned below the keycap  500  as well, similar to  FIG.  4   . A dome  522  can also be similarly configured as in the embodiment of  FIG.  4   . 
     In some examples, a flexible connector  524  can extend from a central area of the display  510  and connect to the substrate  520  through the dome  522 . In this example, the flexible connector  524  can extend through the dome  522 , or can extend downward from the display  510  from a positioned adjacent to and lateral to the dome  522 . Positioning the flexible connector  524  through or next to the dome  522  at the central portion of the display  510  can help avoid contact between the flexible connector  524  and the key stabilizer  516 , thereby proving the durability and reliability of the flexible connector  524 . Alternatively, the flexible connector  524  can extend from the peripheral area of the display  510  into electrical communication with the substrate  520 , as in the embodiment of  FIG.  4   . 
     As shown in  FIG.  5   , the opaque layer  506  can be visible through a top surface  526  of the upper body  504 . The upper body  504  can include a substantially transparent material such as glass, transparent ceramic, transparent polymer, crystal, similar materials, and combinations thereof. The top surface  526  of the upper body  504  can be a contact surface for engaging a user instrument (e.g., finger) when pressing on the keycap  500  and can transfer the force of the instrument to the parts and mechanisms below it. 
     The opaque layer  506  can include a material applied to, or formed on, the bottom surface  508 . The opaque layer  506  can appear opaque when viewed from above and through its top surface  528  to obscure the appearance of the display  510  below. The opaque layer  506  can include a paint layer, a metallic coating, a metal or plastic sheet or plate, or similar opaque material on the bottom surface  508  and through which the array of microperforations  514  can be formed. In some examples, the upper body  504  can beneficially include a material that is a more scratch resistant material as compared to the opaque layer  506 , such as with the upper body  504  having higher hardness than the hardness of the opaque layer material. The upper body  504  can protect the material of the opaque layer  506  which would otherwise be more prone to scratches, staining, and other types of wear and damage that the opaque layer  506  would be susceptible to in the absence of a protective upper body  504 . In an example embodiment, the upper body  504  can include a glass material and the opaque layer  506  can include a paint, polymer, or resin material applied to the glass material, wherein the paint, polymer, or resin material is protected from scratches and exposure to surface rubbing, scraping, or chemical marring or staining by the glass material due to the glass material acting as a shield or buffer between the top surface of the keycap and the top surface of the opaque layer  506 . 
     In some embodiments, the opaque layer  506  can include a sheet of material that is the same material used in the rigid web  502  or other chassis portion surrounding the keyboard, thereby giving the appearance of the keycaps  500  the same hue, saturation, brightness, texture, and other appearance characteristics as the top surface surrounding the keycap  500 . In some embodiments, the keyboard chassis or housing can include a transparent material having an appearance similar to the upper body  504  that overlays a lower layer similar to opaque layer  506 . For example, the chassis surrounding the keycap  500  can have a glass top layer and a paint or metal secondary layer directly below the glass top layer. In some embodiments, the keyboard chassis can include the same material as the opaque layer  506 , so the opaque layer  506  can match the appearance characteristics of the chassis, and the upper body  504  can be overlaid on the opaque layer  506 , thereby granting the appearance of a transparent or translucent structure floating on or above the chassis and opaque layer  506 . 
     In some embodiments, the opaque layer  506  can include attachment structures for joining the display  510  and/or stabilizer  516  to the opaque layer  506 . For example, the opaque layer  506  can include brackets that extend around or through the display  510  to connect to the stabilizer  516  or components (e.g., similar to protrusions  420  and their related embodiments described above) to secure the display  510  to the opaque layer  506 . 
     The array of microperforations  514  can be formed in or cut through the opaque layer  506  in a manner similar to other manufacturing methods described herein (e.g., laser cutting/ablation). The microperforations  514  can have properties similar to other microperforations described above, such as by being invisible to an unaided human eye, being arranged in a grid or square array, extending completely through the opaque layer  506 , etc. Accordingly, the opaque layer  506  can have a uniform, non-perforated appearance through the upper body  504  despite being perforated by tens, hundreds, or thousands of microperforations  514 . Furthermore, in some embodiments, such as when the opaque layer  506  is a coating, paint, thin film, PVD layer, or similar sub-millimeter-thickness structure, the thickness of the opaque layer  506  can be less than in embodiments where the top of the keycap (e.g.,  200 ) includes a structural metal body, so the opaque layer  506  can be minimally thick, and the microperforations  514  can have a minimized depth as well. As a result, light from the display  510  can more easily and more completely pass through the opaque layer  506 , thereby improving visibility, readability, viewing angles, visible edge sharpness, and related properties of a glyph produced by the display  510 . 
     The display  510  can include similar properties to the display  400 , with an array of light sources  512  arranged to align with, and provide light to, an equal number of microperforations  514  through the opaque layer  506 . Accordingly, the display  510  can be visible through and above the opaque layer  506 . The light sources  512  in the display  510  are shown diagrammatically in  FIG.  6    to indicate that they are configured direct light upward (i.e., along the direction of the upward-pointing arrows). 
       FIG.  7    shows an embodiment having an intermediate layer  700  including an at least partially reflective or mirrored surface. The intermediate layer  700  can reflect light  702  incident from above the intermediate layer  700  (i.e., through the upper body  504 ) while also permitting direct or refractive passage of light  704  through the intermediate layer  700  from light sources of the display  510  positioned directly under the intermediate layer  700 . The reflection of light  702  at the top surface  706  (or, in some embodiments, at the bottom surface  708 ) of the intermediate layer  700  can be specular. For example, the intermediate layer  700  can include a PVD layer or other mirrored film that lacks microperforations. The light  704  passing through the intermediate layer  700  can sharply and accurately show the glyph generated by the display  510  without passing through microperforations. This configuration can be referred to as a one-way reflective or one-way mirror configuration. Alternatively, reflection of light  702  at the intermediate layer  700  can be diffuse or non-specular, and the glyph generated by light  704  from the display  510  can appear partially blurry or diffuse, but still readable by a user. In this example, the configuration can be referred to as a diffuse or non-specular one-way reflective layer. Structures and features of intermediate layer  700  can be implemented in other embodiments shown and described herein, such as in an opaque layer  506  having an at least partially reflective or mirrored top or side surface. 
     In various embodiments, the intermediate layer  700  can be formed with or without a set of microperforations. Thus, the material of the intermediate layer  700  can be at least partially transmissive of light (e.g.,  704 ) as compared to other fully opaque materials used in opaque layers described herein (e.g.,  200 ,  506 ). Using an at least one-way light-transmissive intermediate layer  700  can simplify manufacturing and can impart a unique appearance to the keycap at the bottom of the upper body  504 . The appearance of the keycap can change upon activation of the display  510  and its generation of a visible glyph through the intermediate layer  700 . The appearance of the intermediate layer  700  can be configured to match the appearance characteristics of the upper surface of the housing surrounding the key or keyboard. Thus, the presence of the display  510  can be hidden from view until the light sources  512  are activated, and each of the keycaps can have a uniform appearance that lacks any symbols or glyphs until the display  510  is activated. 
     An embodiment using a partially transparent or one-way reflective intermediate layer  700  can beneficially be used with displays  510  having high light source density (i.e., higher pixel resolution) within a given keycap area. When the intermediate layer  700  is not required to include an array of microperforations, the number of light sources and their positioning can be arranged at the highest density possible for the display  510  without regard to whether the number of microperforations in a layer above the display  510  will match the number of light sources. Additionally, when an upper body  504  is used with a layer formed on its bottom surface (e.g.,  506  or  700 ), the number of microperforations added to the layer on that bottom surface can be higher in density within a given area as compared to an embodiment where the entire keycap has microperforations through its top surface to the display, such as the embodiment shown in  FIG.  4   . This difference in features is possible because the layer formed under the upper body  504  is not required to operate as a structural portion of the keycap, whereas a keycap having microperforations through its thickness, such as in the embodiment of  FIG.  4   , can support a limited number of microperforations before becoming too structurally unsound to function as a keycap structure. 
       FIG.  8    illustrates an embodiment wherein the keycap  800  fits within a key web  802  with an upper body  804  having a top surface  806  and side surfaces  808 ,  810 . Structures and features of keycap  800  can be implemented in other embodiments shown and described herein (and vice versa). The upper body  804  can be at least partially light-transmissive, and at least one of the top and side surfaces  806 ,  808 ,  810  can have one-way reflective or partially transmissive properties. These surfaces can be referred to as one-way visibility layers, wherein a device underneath the layer (e.g., a display  510 ) is not visible when light shines on one side of the layer (e.g., the top surface), but the device under the layer is visible when light shines through the opposite side of the layer (e.g., through the bottom surface, such as when light is emitted by the display). Various structures disclosed herein can be referred to as one-way visibility layers, such as keycaps with an array of microperforations, keycaps with an array of microperforations in an intermediate or bottom layer or coating below an upper body, or keycaps with a one-way reflective layer or structure positioned on a surface thereof. 
     As compared to the embodiment of  FIG.  7   , the keycap  800  can have at least one outer surface with a specularly reflective appearance and materials similar to the intermediate layer  700 , especially while an underlying display is not emitting light. When one or more outer surfaces of the upper body  804  have this property, the keycap  800  can have an outward appearance of being entirely mirrored or reflective and can conceal a display and a transparent nature of the interior or lower portion of the upper body  804 . Thus, the keycap  800  can include a transparent or translucent material within its outer surfaces such that the transparent properties of the keycap  800  are hidden by the reflective outer surface properties. When light is emitted from below the upper body  804 , such as from a display contacting the bottom surface or positioned immediately adjacent to the upper body  804  and movable with the upper body  804 , the light can pass through the one-way reflective surfaces of the upper body  804  so that the light from the display can be viewed through the top surface of the keycap  800 . 
     For example, as shown in the diagrammatic side section view of  FIG.  9   , a keycap  900  can have a top surface  902  with a one-way mirrored coating  904  (or other deposited or applied layer) on the top and/or sides of a transparent body  906 . Keycap  900  is therefore an example embodiment of keycap  800 . Structures and features of keycap  900  can be implemented in keycap  800  and other embodiments shown and described herein. Thus, substantially all incident light  908  from above or to the sides of the keycap  900  reflects from the top surface  902  or side surfaces at the coating  904 . However, light  910  from the display  510  (e.g., glyphs or other displayed images, as discussed in detail above) under the transparent body  906  can pass through the body  906  and through the coating  904  so that it is visible above the keycap  900 . Accordingly, the presence of the display  510  and the transparency of the body  906  can both be masked by the coating  904 . This can give the keycap  900  uniform appearance characteristics at the top and side surfaces and can also make the keycap  900  match the appearance of mirrored surfaces surrounding the keycap  900 . Furthermore, as with the embodiment of  FIG.  7   , the display  510  in  FIG.  9    can have light sources with a positioning and density not limited by or corresponding to a number of microperforations in the keycap  900 , thereby allowing the display light to potentially be sharper and brighter when viewed through the keycap  900 . 
       FIG.  10    shows a block diagram of a computer system  1000  for embodiments of the present disclosure. In various embodiments, the computer system  1000  can include various sets and subsets of the components shown in  FIG.  10   . Thus,  FIG.  10    shows a variety of components that can be included in various combinations and subsets based on the operations and functions performed by the system  1000  in different embodiments. For example, the computer system  1000  can be part of the computing device  100  described above in connection with  FIG.  1    or other keyboards, key mechanisms, and display devices described herein. It is noted that, when described or recited herein, the use of the articles such as “a” or “an” is not considered to be limiting to only one, but instead is intended to mean one or more unless otherwise specifically noted herein. 
     The computer system  1000  can include a central processing unit (CPU) or processor  1002  connected via a bus  1004  for electrical communication to a computer memory device  1006 , a power source  1008 , an electronic storage device  1010 , a network interface  1012 , an input device adapter  1016 , and an output device adapter  1020 . For example, one or more of these components can be connected to each other via a substrate (e.g., a printed circuit board or other substrate such as substrates  406  and  520 ) supporting the bus  1004  and other electrical connectors providing electrical communication between the components. The bus  1004  can include a communication mechanism for communicating information between parts of the system  1000 . 
     The processor  1002  can be a microprocessor or similar device configured to receive and execute a set of instructions  1024  stored by the memory  1006 . The memory  1006  can be referred to as main memory, such as random access memory (RAM) or another dynamic electronic storage device for storing information and instructions to be executed by the processor  1002 . The memory  1006  can also be used for storing temporary variables or other intermediate information during execution of instructions executed by the processor  1002 . The storage device  1010  can include read-only memory (ROM) or another type of static storage device coupled to the bus  1004  for storing static or long-term (i.e., non-dynamic) information and instructions for the processor  1002 . For example, the storage device  1010  can include a magnetic or optical disk (e.g., hard disk drive (HDD)), solid state memory (e.g., a solid state disk (SSD)), or a comparable device. The power source  1008  can include a power supply capable of providing power to the processor  1002  and other components connected to the bus  1004 , such as a connection to an electrical utility grid or a battery system. 
     The instructions  1024  can include information for executing processes and methods using components of the system  1000 . Such processes and methods can include, for example, the methods described elsewhere herein, including, for example, the method described in connection with  FIG.  11   . 
     The network interface  1012  can include an adapter for connecting the system  1000  to an external device via a wired or wireless connection. For example, the network interface  1012  can provide a connection to a computer network  1026  such as a cellular network, the Internet, a local area network (LAN), a separate device capable of wireless communication with the network interface  1012 , other external devices or network locations, and combinations thereof. In one example embodiment, the network interface  1012  is a wireless networking adapter configured to connect via WI-FI®, BLUETOOTH®, BLE, Bluetooth mesh, or a related wireless communications protocol to another device having interface capability using the same protocol. In some embodiments, a network device or set of network devices in the network  1026  can be considered part of the system  1000 . In some cases, a network device can be considered connected to, but not a part of, the system  1000 . 
     The input device adapter  1016  can be configured to provide the system  1000  with connectivity to various input devices such as, for example, a keyboard  1014  and various switches (e.g., collapsible domes or mechanical switches) or key mechanisms that receive input via a user pressing on the keyboard. The keyboard  1014  or another input device (e.g., buttons or switches) can be used to provide user input such as input regarding the settings of the system  1000 . The input device adapter  1016  and/or keyboard  1014  can include a keyboard controller configured to receive electrical signals from the switches or sensors of the keyboard and to provide those signals to the processor  1002  for processing, interpretation, and action. 
     The output device adapter  1020  can be configured to provide the system  1000  with the ability to output information to a user, such as by providing visual output using one or more monitor displays  1032  or key displays  1034 . Other output devices can also be used. The processor  1002  can be configured to control the output device adapter  1020  to provide information to a user via the output devices connected to the adapter  1020 . For example, the monitor display  1032  can be controlled to output a user interface, application windows, and similar information, and the key displays  1034  can be controlled to show glyphs, images, symbols, shapes, or no output, as described in detail elsewhere herein. Individual key displays  1034  can be controlled, such as by adjusting or changing the information presented by one key, or the key displays  1034  as a whole can be controlled, such as by adjusting or changing the layout or symbols of multiple keys of the keyboard, showing animations that appear to move from one key display to another or that collectively form a composite display using multiple keys to display an image, shape, animation, etc. 
       FIG.  11    is a process flow diagram illustrating a method  1100  of the present disclosure. At block  1102 , a controller can receive a first input. The controller can include, for example, the processor  1002  or a keyboard controller via the input device adapter  1016  or network interface  1012 . The first input can include user input (e.g., a user providing a command), a computer generated input (e.g., an input resulting from operation of an algorithm or instructions  1024 ), or an operation or movement of the computer system  1000  (e.g., turning on access to the power source  1008 , attaching the input device  1036  to the computer system  1000 , or moving the computer system  1000 ). 
     In block  1104 , the controller can set at least one key display of a keyboard (e.g.,  1034 ) into a first condition. The first condition can be an off state, wherein the key display provides no light and is therefore invisible to an unaided human eye (e.g., as shown in  FIG.  3 A ). In another embodiment, the first condition can be an on state, wherein the key display provides light with a first glyph shape/size/number, symbol, animation, or visual appearance (e.g., hue, saturation, brightness, etc.). 
     In block  1106 , the controller can receive a second input. The second input can include user input (e.g., a user providing a command), a computer generated input (e.g., an input resulting from operation of an algorithm or instructions  1024 ), or an operation or movement of the computer system  1000  (e.g., turning on access to the power source  1008 , attaching the input device  1036  to the computer system  1000 , or moving the computer system  1000 ). The second input can be a different input from the first input, such as being provided differently (e.g., by a different key, button, program function, or similar means) or at a different time or place as compared to the first input. In response to receiving the second input, the controller can set the key display in a second condition, as shown in block  1108 . In the second condition, the key display can be illuminated or can provide a different glyph as compared to the key display in the first condition. 
     In an example embodiment, the key display in the first condition of block  1104  can be invisible to an unaided human eye (e.g., in the manner described above), and the key display in the second condition of block  1108  can be visible due to light emitted through microperforations or through a one-way reflective material overlaying the key display (e.g., in the manner described above). Thus, methods of the present disclosure can implement various visibility modes for displays within keyboard keys. Additionally, in a situation where the key displays are already on while in the first condition, the key display information can be changed from one set of symbols or shapes to another set of symbols or shapes. 
     To the extent applicable to the present technology, gathering and use of data available from various sources can be used to improve the delivery to users of invitational content or any other content that may be of interest to them. The present disclosure contemplates that in some instances, this gathered data may include personal information data that uniquely identifies or can be used to contact or locate a specific person. Such personal information data can include demographic data, location-based data, telephone numbers, email addresses, TWITTER® ID&#39;s, home addresses, data or records relating to a user&#39;s health or level of fitness (e.g., vital signs measurements, medication information, exercise information), date of birth, or any other identifying or personal information. 
     The present disclosure recognizes that the use of such personal information data, in the present technology, can be used to the benefit of users. For example, the personal information data can be used to deliver targeted content that is of greater interest to the user. Accordingly, use of such personal information data enables users to calculated control of the delivered content. Further, other uses for personal information data that benefit the user are also contemplated by the present disclosure. For instance, health and fitness data may be used to provide insights into a user&#39;s general wellness, or may be used as positive feedback to individuals using technology to pursue wellness goals. 
     The present disclosure contemplates that the entities responsible for the collection, analysis, disclosure, transfer, storage, or other use of such personal information data will comply with well-established privacy policies and/or privacy practices. In particular, such entities should implement and consistently use privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining personal information data private and secure. Such policies should be easily accessible by users, and should be updated as the collection and/or use of data changes. Personal information from users should be collected for legitimate and reasonable uses of the entity and not shared or sold outside of those legitimate uses. Further, such collection/sharing should occur after receiving the informed consent of the users. Additionally, such entities should consider taking any needed steps for safeguarding and securing access to such personal information data and ensuring that others with access to the personal information data adhere to their privacy policies and procedures. Further, such entities can subject themselves to evaluation by third parties to certify their adherence to widely accepted privacy policies and practices. In addition, policies and practices should be adapted for the particular types of personal information data being collected and/or accessed and adapted to applicable laws and standards, including jurisdiction-specific considerations. For instance, in the US, collection of or access to certain health data may be governed by federal and/or state laws, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA); whereas health data in other countries may be subject to other regulations and policies and should be handled accordingly. Hence different privacy practices should be maintained for different personal data types in each country. 
     Despite the foregoing, the present disclosure also contemplates embodiments in which users selectively block the use of, or access to, personal information data. That is, the present disclosure contemplates that hardware and/or software elements can be provided to prevent or block access to such personal information data. For example, in the case of advertisement delivery services, the present technology can be configured to allow users to select to “opt in” or “opt out” of participation in the collection of personal information data during registration for services or anytime thereafter. In another example, users can select not to provide mood-associated data for targeted content delivery services. In yet another example, users can select to limit the length of time mood-associated data is maintained or entirely prohibit the development of a baseline mood profile. In addition to providing “opt in” and “opt out” options, the present disclosure contemplates providing notifications relating to the access or use of personal information. For instance, a user may be notified upon downloading an app that their personal information data will be accessed and then reminded again just before personal information data is accessed by the app. 
     Moreover, it is the intent of the present disclosure that personal information data should be managed and handled in a way to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use. Risk can be minimized by limiting the collection of data and deleting data once it is no longer needed. In addition, and when applicable, including in certain health related applications, data de-identification can be used to protect a user&#39;s privacy. De-identification may be facilitated, when appropriate, by removing specific identifiers (e.g., date of birth, etc.), controlling the amount or specificity of data stored (e.g., collecting location data a city level rather than at an address level), controlling how data is stored (e.g., aggregating data across users), and/or other methods. 
     Therefore, although the present disclosure broadly covers use of personal information data to implement one or more various disclosed embodiments, the present disclosure also contemplates that the various embodiments can also be implemented without the need for accessing such personal information data. That is, the various embodiments of the present technology are not rendered inoperable due to the lack of all or a portion of such personal information data. For example, content can be selected and delivered to users by inferring preferences based on non-personal information data or a bare minimum amount of personal information, such as the content being requested by the device associated with a user, other non-personal information available to the content delivery services, or publicly available information. 
     The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, used specific nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the specific details are not required in order to practice the described embodiments. Thus, the foregoing descriptions of the specific embodiments described herein are presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not target to be exhaustive or to limit the embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20210610
Publication Date: 20250114
Grant Date: 20250114
Priority Date: 20210610
Inventors: BHARADWAJ, SHRAVAN
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H01H13/704", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H2219/062", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H2219/06", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H2219/014", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H13/83", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H2219/062", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H2219/06", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H2219/039", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H2219/016", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H2231/002", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H13/83", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H13/83", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0202", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H13/83", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H13/705", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H2219/062", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H2219/06", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H13/704", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H13/83", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 84192186