PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-11822780-B2
Application Number: US-202016842997-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Devices, methods, and systems for performing content manipulation operations

Abstract:
A method includes displaying, via a display device, first content with respect to which a first plurality of editing operations have been performed. The method further includes while displaying the first content, detecting, on the touch-sensitive surface, a first multi-finger gesture. The method further includes in response to detecting the first multi-finger gesture: in accordance with a determination that the first multi-finger gesture includes more than a first predetermined amount of movement in a first direction, undoing one of the first plurality of editing operations; and in accordance with a determination that the first multi-finger gesture includes more than a first predetermined amount of movement in a second direction that is different from the first direction, redoing one of the first plurality of editing operations.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A method comprising:
 at an electronic device with one or more processors, a non-transitory memory, a touch-sensitive surface, and a display device:
 displaying, via the display device, an application user interface that includes first content with respect to which a first plurality of editing operations has been performed; 
 while displaying the first content, detecting, on the touch-sensitive surface, a first multi-finger gesture directed to a region within the application user interface, wherein detecting the first multi-finger gesture includes concurrently detecting a first movement of a first contact in a respective direction and detecting a second movement of a second contact in the respective direction; and 
 in response to detecting the first multi-finger gesture directed to the region within the application user interface and in accordance with a determination that the first multi-finger gesture includes more than a first predetermined amount of movement in a first direction, undoing one of the first plurality of editing operations in the application user interface; 
 in response to detecting the first multi-finger gesture directed to the region within the application user interface and in accordance with a determination that the first multi-finger gesture includes more than the first predetermined amount of movement in a second direction that is different from the first direction, redoing one of the first plurality of editing operations in the application user interface; and 
 in response to detecting the first multi-finger gesture directed to the region within the application user interface and in accordance with a determination that the first multi-finger gesture includes less than the first predetermined amount of movement, maintaining display of the application user interface that includes the first content without undoing or redoing any of the first plurality of editing operations. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the first multi-finger gesture is detected within a first application interface of a first application, and the method further comprising:
 detecting, on the touch-sensitive surface of the electronic device, a second multi-finger gesture within a second application interface of a second application that is different from the first application, wherein the second application interface includes second content with respect to which a second plurality of editing operations has been performed; and 
 in response to detecting the second multi-finger gesture:
 in accordance with a determination that the second multi-finger gesture includes more than the first predetermined amount of movement in the first direction, undoing one of the second plurality of editing operations; and 
 in accordance with a determination that the second multi-finger gesture includes more than the first predetermined amount of movement in the second direction, redoing one of the second plurality of editing operations. 
 
 
     
     
       3. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 after undoing one of the first plurality of editing operations in response to detecting the first multi-finger gesture, detecting, on the touch-sensitive surface of the electronic device, a second multi-finger gesture; and 
 in response to determining that the second multi-finger gesture includes more than the first predetermined amount of movement in the first direction, undoing another one of the first plurality of editing operations. 
 
     
     
       4. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 in response to detecting the first multi-finger gesture and in accordance with a determination that the first multi-finger gesture includes more than a second predetermined amount of movement in the first direction, undoing another one of the first plurality of editing operations, wherein the second predetermined amount of movement in the first direction is larger than the first predetermined amount of movement in the first direction. 
 
     
     
       5. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 in response to detecting the first multi-finger gesture and in accordance with a determination that the first multi-finger gesture includes more than a second predetermined amount of movement in the second direction, redoing another one of the first plurality of editing operations, wherein the second predetermined amount of movement in the first direction is larger than the first predetermined amount of movement in the first direction. 
 
     
     
       6. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 in response to detecting the first multi-finger gesture and in accordance with a determination that the first multi-finger gesture includes more than the first predetermined amount of movement in a third direction that is different from the first direction and the second direction, copying the first content. 
 
     
     
       7. The method of  claim 6 , further comprising:
 in response to detecting the first multi-finger gesture and in accordance with a determination that the first multi-finger gesture includes more than the first predetermined amount of movement in a fourth direction that is different from the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction, pasting previously the first content. 
 
     
     
       8. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 while displaying the first content, detecting, on the touch-sensitive surface, a multi-finger tap input; and 
 in response to detecting the multi-finger tap input, displaying, via the display device, an interface including a plurality of content manipulation operation affordances indicative of a corresponding plurality of content manipulation operations. 
 
     
     
       9. The method of  claim 8 , further comprising:
 in accordance with a determination that the first multi-finger gesture is in the first direction, changing the appearance of a first one of the plurality of content manipulation operation affordances that corresponds to an undo operation; 
 in accordance with a determination that the first multi-finger gesture is in the second direction, changing the appearance of a second one of the plurality of content manipulation operation affordances that corresponds to a redo operation; and 
 in accordance with a determination that the first multi-finger gesture is in a third direction, changing the appearance of a third one of the plurality of content manipulation operation affordances that corresponds to a particular one of the plurality of content manipulation operations different from the undo operation and the redo operation, wherein the third direction is different from the first direction and the second direction. 
 
     
     
       10. The method of  claim 8 , further comprising:
 detecting, on the touch-sensitive surface of the electronic device, a first input directed to a respective one of the plurality of content manipulation operation affordances; and 
 in response to detecting the first input, performing a content manipulation operation corresponding to the respective one of the plurality of content manipulation operation affordances. 
 
     
     
       11. The method of  claim 8 , further comprising:
 detecting, on the touch-sensitive surface of the electronic device, a drag input directed to an undo affordance of the plurality of content manipulation operation affordances; and 
 in response to detecting the drag input, partially undoing a particular one of the first plurality of editing operations without undoing any other of the first plurality of editing operations. 
 
     
     
       12. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 in response to detecting the first multi-finger gesture:
 in accordance with the determination that the first multi-finger gesture includes more than the first predetermined amount of movement in the first direction, displaying, via the display device, an undo indicator indicative of an undo operation; and 
 in accordance with the determination that the first multi-finger gesture includes more than the first predetermined amount of movement in the second direction, displaying, via the display device, a redo indicator indicative of a redo operation. 
 
 
     
     
       13. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 while displaying the first content, detecting, on the touch-sensitive surface, a single-finger single-tap input; and 
 in response to detecting the single-finger single-tap input, performing a particular operation different from an undo operation or a redo operation. 
 
     
     
       14. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 while displaying the first content, detecting, on the touch-sensitive surface, a single-finger double-tap input; and 
 in response to detecting the single-finger double-tap input, performing a particular operation different from an undo operation or a redo operation. 
 
     
     
       15. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 while displaying the first content, detecting, on the touch-sensitive surface, a single-finger swipe input; and 
 in response to detecting the single-finger swipe input, performing a particular operation different from an undo operation or a redo operation. 
 
     
     
       16. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 while displaying the first content, detecting, on the touch-sensitive surface, a second multi-finger gesture, wherein the second multi-finger gesture is associated with more than a threshold number of fingers associated with the first multi-finger gesture; and 
 in response to detecting the second multi-finger gesture, performing a particular operation different from an undo operation or a redo operation. 
 
     
     
       17. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 while displaying the application user interface that includes the first content, displaying, via the display device, a toolbar region that is separate from the application user interface, wherein the first multi-finger gesture is directed to outside of the toolbar region. 
 
     
     
       18. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 while detecting the first multi-finger gesture directed to the region within the application user interface in the first direction, displaying, via the display device, an undo indicator indicative of an undo operation with a color overlay that includes a visual characteristic associated with a current magnitude of movement of the first multi-finger gesture relative to the first predetermined amount of movement; and 
 while detecting the first multi-finger gesture directed to the region within the application user interface in the second direction, displaying, via the display device, a redo indicator indicative of a redo operation with a color overlay that includes a visual characteristic associated with a current magnitude of movement of the first multi-finger gesture relative to the first predetermined amount of movement. 
 
     
     
       19. An electronic device comprising:
 one or more processors; 
 a non-transitory memory; 
 a touch-sensitive surface; 
 a display device; and 
 one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the non-transitory memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for:
 displaying, via the display device, an application user interface that includes first content with respect to which a first plurality of editing operations has been performed; 
 while displaying the first content, detecting, on the touch-sensitive surface, a first multi-finger gesture directed to a region within the application user interface, wherein detecting the first multi-finger gesture includes concurrently detecting a first movement of a first contact in a respective direction and detecting a second movement of a second contact in the respective direction; and 
 in response to detecting the first multi-finger gesture directed to the region within the application user interface and in accordance with a determination that the first multi-finger gesture includes more than a first predetermined amount of movement in a first direction, undoing one of the first plurality of editing operations in the application user interface; 
 in response to detecting the first multi-finger gesture directed to the region within the application user interface and in accordance with a determination that the first multi-finger gesture includes more than the first predetermined amount of movement in a second direction that is different from the first direction, redoing one of the first plurality of editing operations in the application user interface; and 
 in response to detecting the first multi-finger gesture directed to the region within the application user interface and in accordance with a determination that the first multi-finger gesture includes less than the first predetermined amount of movement, maintaining display of the application user interface that includes the first content without undoing or redoing any of the first plurality of editing operations. 
 
 
     
     
       20. The electronic device of  claim 19 , wherein the one or more programs further include instructions for:
 in response to detecting the first multi-finger gesture:
 in accordance with the determination that the first multi-finger gesture includes more than the first predetermined amount of movement in the first direction, displaying, via the display device, an undo indicator indicative of an undo operation; and 
 in accordance with the determination that the first multi-finger gesture includes more than the first predetermined amount of movement in the second direction, displaying, via the display device, a redo indicator indicative of a redo operation. 
 
 
     
     
       21. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions, which, when executed by an electronic device with one or more processors, a touch-sensitive surface, and a display device, cause the electronic device to:
 display, via the display device, an application user interface that includes first content with respect to which a first plurality of editing operations has been performed; 
 while displaying the first content, detect, on the touch-sensitive surface, a first multi-finger gesture directed to a region within the application user interface, wherein detecting the first multi-finger gesture includes concurrently detecting a first movement of a first contact in a respective direction and detecting a second movement of a second contact in the respective direction; and 
 in response to detecting the first multi-finger gesture directed to the region within the application user interface and in accordance with a determination that the first multi-finger gesture includes more than a first predetermined amount of movement in a first direction, undo one of the first plurality of editing operations in the application user interface;
 in response to detecting the first multi-finger gesture directed to the region within the application user interface and in accordance with a determination that the first multi-finger gesture includes more than the first predetermined amount of movement in a second direction that is different from the first direction, redo one of the first plurality of editing operations in the application user interface; and 
 in response to detecting the first multi-finger gesture directed to the region within the application user interface and in accordance with a determination that the first multi-finger gesture includes less than the first predetermined amount of movement, maintain display of the application user interface that includes the first content without undoing or redoing any of the first plurality of editing operations. 
 
 
     
     
       22. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 21 , wherein the instructions further cause the electronic device to:
 in response to detecting the first multi-finger gesture:
 in accordance with the determination that the first multi-finger gesture includes more than the first predetermined amount of movement in the first direction, display, via the display device, an undo indicator indicative of an undo operation; and 
 in accordance with the determination that the first multi-finger gesture includes more than the first predetermined amount of movement in the second direction, display, via the display device, a redo indicator indicative of a redo operation.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent App. No. 62/855,974 filed on Jun. 1, 2019 and U.S. Provisional Patent App. No. 62/834,270, filed on Apr. 15, 2019, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This relates generally to electronic devices performing content manipulation operations, and, in particular, to electronic devices that detect inputs in order to perform the content manipulation operations on content with respect to which previous editing operations have been performed. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Using inputs for performing content manipulation operations within user interfaces of an electronic device has become ubiquitous. For example, the electronic device uses peripheral-type inputs (e.g., a touch-screen input, mouse, keyboard) in order to perform undo, redo, cut, copy, and/or paste operations on content with respect to which previous editing operations have been performed. 
     However, many of these inputs provide limited and inefficient control for having the electronic device perform the content manipulation operations. Accordingly, repetitive, complex, and/or cumbersome inputs or input types may be needed to in order for the electronic device to perform a particular content manipulation operation. 
     SUMMARY 
     Accordingly, there is a need for a robust and efficient mechanism for an electronic device to utilize one or more inputs in order to perform content manipulation operations on content within a user interface. In particular, there is a need for the electronic device to have faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for performing content manipulation operations. Such methods and interfaces optionally complement or replace conventional methods for manipulating user interfaces. Such methods and interfaces reduce the number, extent, and/or nature of the inputs from a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. Accordingly, for battery-operated devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges. 
     The above deficiencies and other problems associated with the electronic devices performing content manipulation operations are reduced or eliminated by the disclosed devices, systems, and methods. In some embodiments, the electronic device is a desktop computer. In some embodiments, the electronic device is portable (e.g., a notebook computer, tablet computer, or handheld device). In some embodiments, the electronic device is a personal electronic device, such as a mobile phone or a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch). In some embodiments, the electronic device has a touchpad. In some embodiments, the electronic device has a touch-sensitive display (also known as a “touch screen” or “touch-screen display”). In some embodiments, the electronic device has a graphical user interface (GUI), one or more processors, memory and one or more modules, programs or sets of instructions stored in the memory for performing multiple functions. In some embodiments, the user interacts with the GUI primarily through stylus and/or finger contacts and gestures on the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the user interacts with the GUI primarily through user interactions with the stylus while the stylus is not in physical contact with the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the user interacts with the GUI primarily through finger and/or hand contacts and gestures on the stylus while the user is holding the stylus. In some embodiments, the functions optionally include image editing, drawing, presenting, word processing, spreadsheet making, game playing, telephoning, video conferencing, e-mailing, instant messaging, workout support, digital photographing, digital videoing, web browsing, digital music playing, note taking, and/or digital video playing. Executable instructions for performing these functions are, optionally, included in a non-transitory computer readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with one or more processors, a non-transitory memory, a touch-sensitive surface, and a display device. The method includes displaying, via the display device, first content with respect to which a first plurality of editing operations have been performed. The method further includes while displaying the first content, detecting, on the touch-sensitive surface, a first multi-finger gesture. The method further includes in response to detecting the first multi-finger gesture: in accordance with a determination that the first multi-finger gesture includes more than a first predetermined amount of movement in a first direction, undoing one of the first plurality of editing operations; and in accordance with a determination that the first multi-finger gesture includes more than a first predetermined amount of movement in a second direction that is different from the first direction, redoing one of the first plurality of editing operations. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with one or more processors, a non-transitory memory, an input device, and a display device. The method includes displaying, via the display device, content with respect to which editing operations have been performed. The editing operations include a plurality of groups of operations that include one or more operations, wherein two or more groups of the plurality of groups of operations include a plurality of editing operations. The method further includes while displaying the content, detecting, via the input device, a first gesture for undoing one or more of the plurality of groups of operations. The method further includes in response to detecting the first gesture: in accordance with a determination that the first gesture corresponds to a first gesture type, undoing one or more groups of operations without partially undoing any of the groups of operations; and in accordance with a determination that the first gesture corresponds to a second gesture type that is different from the first gesture type, undoing a set of operations based on a magnitude of the first gesture, including for a gesture of a respective magnitude partially undoing a first group of operations including undoing one or more operations in the first group of operations without undoing one or more operations in the first group of operations. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device includes one or more processors, a non-transitory memory, a touch-sensitive surface, and a display device. The method includes displaying, via the display device, content. The method further includes, while displaying the content, detecting, on the touch-sensitive surface, a first input performed with a plurality of contacts that includes a multi-contact pinch gesture including a first movement of two or more of the plurality of contacts toward each other. The first input is directed to a subset of the content. The method further includes in response to detecting the first input: in accordance with a determination that the first input does not include a second movement of the plurality of contacts of more than a threshold amount of movement after detecting the multi-contact pinch gesture and before detecting an end of the first input, performing a first content manipulation operation on the subset of the content. The method further includes in response to detecting the first input: in accordance with a determination that the first input includes the second movement of more than the threshold amount of movement after detecting the multi-contact pinch gesture and before detecting the end of the first input, performing a second content manipulation operation on the subset of the content, wherein the second content manipulation operation is different from the first content manipulation operation. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with one or more processors, a non-transitory memory, a touch-sensitive surface, and a display device. The method includes displaying, via the display device, content with respect to which a plurality of operations have been performed. The method further includes, while displaying the content, detecting, on the touch-sensitive surface, a first multi-finger gesture performed with contacts. The method further includes in response to detecting the first multi-finger gesture: in accordance with a determination that the first multi-finger gesture includes rotation of the contacts as a group in a first direction, undoing one or more of the plurality of operations. The method further includes in response to detecting the first multi-finger gesture: in accordance with a determination that the first multi-finger gesture includes rotation of the contacts as a group in a second direction, redoing one or more previously undone operations, wherein the second direction is different from the first direction. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes one or more processors, a non-transitory memory, an input device (e.g., a touch-sensitive sensor associated with a touch-sensitive surface of the electronic device), a display device, and one or more programs. The one or more programs are stored in the non-transitory memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors. The one or more programs include instructions for performing or causing performance of the operations of any of the methods described herein. In accordance with some embodiments, a non-transitory computer readable storage medium has stored therein instructions, which, when executed by an electronic device with one or more processors, an input device (e.g., a touch-sensitive sensor associated with a touch-sensitive surface of the electronic device), and a display device, cause the electronic device to perform or cause performance of the operations of any of the methods described herein. In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface on an electronic device with a non-transitory memory, an input device (e.g., a touch-sensitive sensor associated with a touch-sensitive surface of the electronic device), and a display device, and one or more processors to execute one or more programs stored in the non-transitory memory includes one or more of the elements displayed in any of the methods described herein, which are updated in response to inputs, as described in any of the methods described herein. In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes: one or more processors, a non-transitory memory, an input device (e.g., a touch-sensitive sensor associated with a touch-sensitive surface of the electronic device), a display device, and means for performing or causing performance of the operations of any of the methods described herein. In accordance with some embodiments, an information processing apparatus, for use in an electronic device with one or more processors, a non-transitory memory, an input device (e.g., a touch-sensitive sensor associated with a touch-sensitive surface of the electronic device), and a display device, includes means for performing or causing performance of the operations of any of the methods described herein. 
     Thus, an electronic device with an input device and a display device exploits various inputs detected via the input device, such as touch inputs (e.g., multi-finger gestures), mouse inputs, keyboard inputs, etc. Based on the inputs, the electronic device performs a variety of content manipulation operations, such as undo, cut, copy, paste, and redo operations. In some embodiments, as compared with other electronic devices, the electronic device detects fewer inputs in order to perform a particular operation, resulting in improved functionality of the electronic device. Examples of the improved functionality are longer battery life and less wear-and-tear, as well as more efficient and accurate user interactions with the electronic device. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a better understanding of the various described embodiments, reference should be made to the Description of Embodiments below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures. 
         FIG.  1 A  is a block diagram illustrating a portable multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  1 B  is a block diagram illustrating example components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  2    illustrates a portable multifunction device having a touch screen in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  3    is a block diagram of an example multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  4    is a block diagram of an example electronic stylus in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS.  5 A- 5 B  illustrate a positional state of a stylus relative to a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  6 A  illustrates an example user interface for a menu of applications on a portable multifunction device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  6 B  illustrates an example user interface for a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS.  7 A- 7 BF  are examples of user interfaces for performing content manipulation operations in response to multi-finger gestures in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS.  8 A- 8 AJ  are examples of user interfaces for performing partial and complete undo/redo operations in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS.  9 A- 9 K  are examples of user interfaces for performing partial and complete undo/redo operations based on multi-finger gestures in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS.  10 A- 10 E  is a flow diagram of a method for performing content manipulation operations in response to multi-finger gestures in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS.  11 A- 11 C  is a flow diagram of a method for performing undo and redo operations in response to various inputs in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS.  12 A- 12 AY  are examples of user interfaces for performing content manipulation operations in response to multi-finger pinch gestures in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS.  13 A- 13 AB  are examples of user interfaces for performing undo or redo operations based on rotational multi-finger gestures in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS.  14 A- 14 E  is a flow diagram of a method for performing content manipulation operations in response to multi-finger pinch gestures in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS.  15 A- 15 C  is a flow diagram of a method for performing undo or redo operations based on rotational multi-finger gestures in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     Many electronic devices perform content manipulation operations based on detected inputs. However, existing methods for manipulating user interfaces are slow, cumbersome, and inefficient. 
     For example, in various circumstances, an electronic device may display an editing interface (e.g., an undo/redo stack, cut/copy/paste interface) that enables content manipulation operations to be performed on content with respect to which editing operations have been performed. In some cases, the electronic device displays the editing interface in response to one or more inputs and closes the editing interface in response to additional inputs. Accordingly, the electronic device expends processing and battery resources while detecting these inputs. In other cases, the electronic device constantly or near-constantly displays the editing interface, independent of inputs. Accordingly, the amount of useable display area is reduced because the editing interface covers an otherwise useable display area. By contrast, as disclosed herein, an electronic device performs content manipulation operations in response to detecting a multi-finger gesture, independent of detecting other inputs that invoke an editing interface. In some embodiments, in response to detecting the multi-finger gesture, the electronic device displays an interface that indicates the nature of the multi-finger gesture and ceases to display the interface after a threshold amount of time. Accordingly, the electronic device saves processor and battery resources by not having to detect inputs that invoke and/or remove the editing interface. Additionally, the electronic device provides a larger useable display than the electronic device because the electronic device removes the interface after the threshold amount of time. 
     As another example, in various circumstances, an electronic device performs a complete undo or redo of a particular operation, such as undoing (e.g., deleting) all text before a carriage return or redoing (e.g., drawing) the entirety of a previously deleted shape. However, the electronic device does not include partial undo or redo functionality. Moreover, because the device lacks a partial undo feature, a multitude of deletion inputs are needed to cause the device to perform the same feature, such as detecting five presses of a backspace key in order to delete the last five characters of a sentence. Accordingly, the electronic device provides a slow, cumbersome, and resource-wasting mechanism for removing portions of content with respect to which operations have been performed. By contrast, as disclosed herein, an electronic device performs complete or partial undo/redo operations, based on the nature of the detected input. Moreover, the electronic device expends fewer processing and battery resources by providing a partial undo and redo feature, thereby avoiding detecting multiple deletion inputs. 
     As yet example, in various circumstances, an electronic device may display an editing interface (e.g., an undo/redo stack, cut/copy/paste interface) that enables content manipulation operations to be performed on content. In some cases, the electronic device displays the editing interface in response to one or more inputs and closes the editing interface in response to additional inputs. Accordingly, the electronic device expends processing and battery resources while detecting these inputs. In other cases, the electronic device constantly or near-constantly displays the editing interface, independent of inputs. Accordingly, the amount of useable display area is reduced because the editing interface covers an otherwise useable display area. By contrast, as disclosed herein, an electronic device performs content manipulation operations in response to detecting multi-finger pinch gestures, independent of detecting other inputs that invoke an editing interface. In some embodiments, in response to detecting a multi-finger pinch gesture, the electronic device displays an interface that indicates the nature of the multi-finger pinch gesture and ceases to display the interface after a threshold amount of time. Accordingly, the electronic device saves processor and battery resources by not having to detect inputs that invoke and/or remove the editing interface. Additionally, the electronic device provides a larger useable display than the electronic device because the electronic device removes the interface after the threshold amount of time. 
     As yet another example, in various circumstances, an electronic device performs a single undo operation or a single redo operation in response to a respective input, such as a control key input. However, the electronic device lacks the functionality for performing the undo/redo based on a gesture input, much less performing successive undo operations and/or successive redo operations based on a single gesture or a sequence of gestures. By contrast, as disclosed herein, an electronic device performs one or more undo operations and/or one or more redo operations based on a multi-finger rotational gesture input. In some embodiments, the electronic devices performs undo/redo operations based on the magnitude and/or direction of the rotation. In some embodiments, the electronic devices performs an additional undo operation or an additional redo operation based on a multi-finger drag gesture that is detected before liftoff of the multi-finger rotational gesture input. Accordingly, the electronic device saves processor and battery resources by not having to detect multiple inputs in order to perform corresponding multiple undo/redo operations. 
     Below,  FIGS.  1 A- 1 B,  2 - 4 ,  5 A- 5 B, and  6 A- 6 B  provide a description of example devices.  FIGS.  7 A- 7 BF  are examples of user interfaces for performing content manipulation operations in response to multi-finger gestures in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in  FIGS.  7 A- 7 BF  are used to illustrate the processes in  FIGS.  10 A- 10 E .  FIGS.  8 A- 8 AJ  are examples of user interfaces for performing undo and redo operations in response to inputs directed to a scrubber interface in accordance with some embodiments.  FIGS.  9 A- 9 K  are examples of user interfaces for performing undo and redo operations in response to multi-finger gestures in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in  FIGS.  8 A- 8 AJ  and  FIGS.  9 A- 9 K  are used to illustrate the processes in  FIGS.  11 A- 11 C .  FIGS.  12 A- 12 AY  are examples of user interfaces for performing content manipulation operations in response to detecting multi-finger pinch gestures in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in  FIGS.  12 A- 12 AY  are used to illustrate the processes in  FIGS.  14 A- 14 E .  FIGS.  13 A- 13 AB  are examples of user interfaces for performing undo or redo operations based on rotational multi-finger gestures in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in  FIGS.  13 A- 13 AB  are used to illustrate the processes in  FIGS.  15 A- 15 C . 
     EXEMPLARY DEVICES 
     Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the various described embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments. 
     It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. are, in some instances, used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first contact could be termed a second contact, and, similarly, a second contact could be termed a first contact, without departing from the scope of the various described embodiments. The first contact and the second contact are both contacts, but they are not the same contact, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. 
     The terminology used in the description of the various described embodiments herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various described embodiments and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     As used herein, the term “if” is, optionally, construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” is, optionally, construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event],” depending on the context. 
     Embodiments of electronic devices, user interfaces for such devices, and associated processes for using such devices are described. In some embodiments, the electronic device is a portable communications device, such as a mobile telephone, that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/or music player functions. Example embodiments of portable multifunction devices include, without limitation, the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. Other portable electronic devices, such as laptops or tablet computers with touch-sensitive surfaces (e.g., touch-screen displays and/or touchpads), are, optionally, used. It should also be understood that, in some embodiments, the electronic device is not a portable communications device, but is a desktop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch-screen display and/or a touchpad). 
     In the discussion that follows, an electronic device that includes a display and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should be understood, however, that the electronic device optionally includes one or more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physical keyboard, a mouse and/or a joystick. 
     The electronic device typically supports a variety of applications, such as one or more of the following: a note taking application, a drawing application, a presentation application, a word processing application, a website creation application, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheet application, a gaming application, a telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, a workout support application, a photo management application, a digital camera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing application, a digital music player application, and/or a digital video player application. 
     The various applications that are executed on the electronic device optionally use at least one common physical user-interface device, such as the touch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitive surface as well as corresponding information displayed on the electronic device are, optionally, adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physical architecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the electronic device optionally supports the variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and transparent to the user. 
     Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable devices with touch-sensitive displays.  FIG.  1 A  is a block diagram illustrating a portable multifunction device  100  with touch-sensitive display system  112  in accordance with some embodiments. The touch-sensitive display system  112  is sometimes called a “touch screen” for convenience and is sometimes simply called a touch-sensitive display. The electronic device  100  includes memory  102  (which optionally includes one or more computer readable storage mediums), a memory controller  122 , one or more processing units (CPUs)  120 , a peripherals interface  118 , RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , a speaker  111 , a microphone  113 , an input/output (I/O) subsystem  106 , other input or control devices  116 , and an external port  124 . The electronic device  100  optionally includes one or more optical sensors  164 . The electronic device  100  optionally includes one or more intensity sensors  165  for detecting intensity of contacts on the electronic device  100  (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface such as the touch-sensitive display system  112  of the electronic device  100 ). The electronic device  100  optionally includes one or more tactile output generators  163  for generating tactile outputs on the electronic device  100  (e.g., generating tactile outputs on a touch-sensitive surface such as the touch-sensitive display system  112  of the electronic device  100  or touchpad  355  of device  300 ). These components optionally communicate over one or more communication buses or signal lines  103 . 
     As used in the specification and claims, the term “tactile output” refers to physical displacement of an electronic device relative to a previous position of the electronic device, physical displacement of a component (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface) of an electronic device relative to another component (e.g., housing) of the electronic device, or displacement of the component relative to a center of mass of the electronic device that will be detected by a user with the user&#39;s sense of touch. For example, in situations where the electronic device or the component of the electronic device is in contact with a surface of a user that is sensitive to touch (e.g., a finger, palm, or other part of a user&#39;s hand), the tactile output generated by the physical displacement will be interpreted by the user as a tactile sensation corresponding to a perceived change in physical characteristics of the electronic device or the component of the electronic device. For example, movement of a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch-sensitive display or trackpad) is, optionally, interpreted by the user as a “down click” or “up click” of a physical actuator button. In some cases, a user will feel a tactile sensation such as an “down click” or “up click” even when there is no movement of a physical actuator button associated with the touch-sensitive surface that is physically pressed (e.g., displaced) by the user&#39;s movements. As another example, movement of the touch-sensitive surface is, optionally, interpreted or sensed by the user as “roughness” of the touch-sensitive surface, even when there is no change in smoothness of the touch-sensitive surface. While such interpretations of touch by a user will be subject to the individualized sensory perceptions of the user, there are many sensory perceptions of touch that are common to a large majority of users. Thus, when a tactile output is described as corresponding to a particular sensory perception of a user (e.g., an “up click,” a “down click,” or “roughness”), unless otherwise stated, the generated tactile output corresponds to physical displacement of the electronic device or a component thereof that will generate the described sensory perception for a typical (or average) user. 
     It should be appreciated that the electronic device  100  is only one example of a portable multifunction device, and that the electronic device  100  optionally has more or fewer components than shown, optionally combines two or more components, or optionally has a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown in  FIG.  1 A  are implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof, including one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits. 
     The memory  102  optionally includes high-speed random-access memory and optionally also includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Access to memory  102  by other components of the electronic device  100 , such as the one or more CPUs  120  and the peripherals interface  118 , is, optionally, controlled by the memory controller  122 . 
     The peripherals interface  118  can be used to couple input and output peripherals of the electronic device to the one or more CPUs  120  and the memory  102 . The one or more processors CPUs run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in the memory  102  to perform various functions for the electronic device  100  and to process data. 
     In some embodiments, the peripherals interface  118 , the one or more CPUs  120 , and the memory controller  122  are, optionally, implemented on a single chip, such as chip  104 . In some other embodiments, they are, optionally, implemented on separate chips. 
     The RF (radio frequency) circuitry  108  receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals. The RF circuitry  108  converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals. The RF circuitry  108  optionally includes well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. The RF circuitry  108  optionally communicates with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), high-speed uplink packet access (HSDPA), Evolution, Data-Only (EV-DO), HSPA, HSPA+, Dual-Cell HSPA (DC-HSPA), long term evolution (LTE), near field communication (NFC), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), BLUETOOTH, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11ac, IEEE 802.11ax, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document. 
     The audio circuitry  110 , the speaker  111 , and the microphone  113  provide an audio interface between a user and the electronic device  100 . The audio circuitry  110  receives audio data from the peripherals interface  118 , converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to the speaker  111 . The speaker  111  converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves. The audio circuitry  110  also receives electrical signals converted by the microphone  113  from sound waves. The audio circuitry  110  converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to the peripherals interface  118  for processing. Audio data is, optionally, retrieved from and/or transmitted to the memory  102  and/or the RF circuitry  108  by the peripherals interface  118 . In some embodiments, the audio circuitry  110  also includes a headset jack (e.g., a headset jack  212 ,  FIG.  2   ). The headset jack provides an interface between the audio circuitry  110  and removable audio input/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headset with both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input (e.g., a microphone). 
     The I/O subsystem  106  couples input/output peripherals on the electronic device  100 , such as the touch-sensitive display system  112  and the other input or control devices  116 , with the peripherals interface  118 . The I/O subsystem  106  optionally includes a display controller  156 , an optical sensor controller  158 , an intensity sensor controller  159 , a haptic feedback controller  161 , and one or more input controllers  160  for other input or control devices. The one or more input controllers  160  receive/send electrical signals from/to the other input or control devices  116 . The other input or control devices  116  optionally include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternate embodiments, the one or more input controllers  160  are, optionally, coupled with any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, infrared port, USB port, stylus, and/or a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g., buttons  208 ,  FIG.  2   ) optionally include an up/down button for volume control of the speaker  111  and/or the microphone  113 . The one or more buttons optionally include a push button (e.g., a push button  206 ,  FIG.  2   ). 
     The touch-sensitive display system  112  provides an input interface and an output interface between the electronic device and a user. The display controller  156  receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to the touch-sensitive display system  112 . The touch-sensitive display system  112  displays visual output to the user. The visual output optionally includes graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all of the visual output corresponds to user interface objects. As used herein, the term “affordance” refers to a user-interactive graphical user interface object (e.g., a graphical user interface object that is configured to respond to inputs directed toward the graphical user interface object). Examples of user-interactive graphical user interface objects include, without limitation, a button, slider, icon, selectable menu item, switch, hyperlink, or other user interface control. 
     The touch-sensitive display system  112  has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor or set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact. The touch-sensitive display system  112  and the display controller  156  (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in the memory  102 ) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on the touch-sensitive display system  112  and converts the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages or images) that are displayed on the touch-sensitive display system  112 . In an example embodiment, a point of contact between the touch-sensitive display system  112  and the user corresponds to a finger of the user or a stylus. 
     The touch-sensitive display system  112  optionally uses LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED (light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologies are used in other embodiments. The touch-sensitive display system  112  and the display controller  156  optionally detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of a plurality of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with the touch-sensitive display system  112 . In an example embodiment, projected mutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. 
     The touch-sensitive display system  112  optionally has a video resolution in excess of 100 dpi. In some embodiments, the touch screen video resolution is in excess of 400 dpi (e.g., 500 dpi, 800 dpi, or greater). The user optionally makes contact with the touch-sensitive display system  112  using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to work with finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the electronic device translates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired by the user. 
     In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, the electronic device  100  optionally includes a touchpad (not shown) for activating or deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the electronic device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output. The touchpad is, optionally, a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the touch-sensitive display system  112  or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen. 
     The electronic device  100  also includes a power system  162  for powering the various components. The power system  162  optionally includes a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices. 
     The electronic device  100  optionally also includes one or more optical sensors  164 .  FIG.  1 A  shows an optical sensor coupled with an optical sensor controller  158  in the I/O subsystem  106 . The one or more optical sensors  164  optionally include charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistors. The one or more optical sensors  164  receive light from the environment, projected through one or more lens, and converts the light to data representing an image. In conjunction with imaging module  143  (also called a camera module), the one or more optical sensors  164  optionally capture still images and/or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the back of the electronic device  100 , opposite the touch-sensitive display system  112  on the front of the electronic device  100 , so that the touch screen is enabled for use as a viewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition. In some embodiments, another optical sensor is located on the front of the electronic device  100  so that the user&#39;s image is obtained (e.g., for selfies, for videoconferencing while the user views the other video conference participants on the touch screen, etc.). 
     The electronic device  100  optionally also includes one or more contact intensity sensors  165 .  FIG.  1 A  shows a contact intensity sensor coupled with the intensity sensor controller  159  in I/O subsystem  106 . The one or more contact intensity sensors  165  optionally include one or more piezoresistive strain gauges, capacitive force sensors, electric force sensors, piezoelectric force sensors, optical force sensors, capacitive touch-sensitive surfaces, or other intensity sensors (e.g., sensors used to measure the force (or pressure) of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface). The one or more contact intensity sensors  165  receive contact intensity information (e.g., pressure information or a proxy for pressure information) from the environment. In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., the touch-sensitive display system  112 ). In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is located on the back of the electronic device  100 , opposite the touch-screen display system  112  which is located on the front of the electronic device  100 . 
     The electronic device  100  optionally also includes one or more proximity sensors  166 .  FIG.  1 A  shows the proximity sensor  166  coupled with the peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, the proximity sensor  166  is coupled with an input controller  160  in the I/O subsystem  106 . In some embodiments, the proximity sensor  166  turns off and disables the touch-sensitive display system  112  when the electronic device  100  is placed near the user&#39;s ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call). 
     The electronic device  100  optionally also includes one or more tactile output generators  163 .  FIG.  1 A  shows a tactile output generator coupled with the haptic feedback controller  161  in the I/O subsystem  106 . The one or more tactile output generators  163  optionally include one or more electroacoustic devices such as speakers or other audio components and/or electromechanical devices that convert energy into linear motion such as a motor, solenoid, electroactive polymer, piezoelectric actuator, electrostatic actuator, or other tactile output generating component (e.g., a component that converts electrical signals into tactile outputs on the electronic device). The one or more tactile output generators  163  receive tactile feedback generation instructions from a haptic feedback module  133  and generates tactile outputs on the electronic device  100  that are capable of being sensed by a user of the electronic device  100 . In some embodiments, at least one tactile output generator is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., the touch-sensitive display system  112 ) and, optionally, generates a tactile output by moving the touch-sensitive surface vertically (e.g., in/out of a surface of the electronic device  100 ) or laterally (e.g., back and forth in the same plane as a surface of the electronic device  100 ). In some embodiments, at least one tactile output generator sensor is located on the back of the electronic device  100 , opposite the touch-sensitive display system  112 , which is located on the front of the electronic device  100 . 
     The electronic device  100  optionally also includes one or more accelerometers  167 , gyroscopes  168 , and/or magnetometers  169  (e.g., as part of an inertial measurement unit (IMU)) for obtaining information concerning the position (e.g., attitude) of the electronic device.  FIG.  1 A  shows sensors  167 ,  168 , and  169  coupled with the peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, sensors  167 ,  168 , and  169  are, optionally, coupled with an input controller  160  in the I/O subsystem  106 . In some embodiments, information is displayed on the touch-screen display in a portrait view or a landscape view based on an analysis of data received from the one or more accelerometers. The electronic device  100  optionally includes a GPS (or GLONASS or other global navigation system) receiver (not shown) for obtaining information concerning the location and orientation (e.g., portrait or landscape) of the electronic device  100 . 
     In some embodiments, the software components stored in the memory  102  include an operating system  126 , a communication module (or set of instructions)  128 , a contact/motion module (or set of instructions)  130 , a graphics module (or set of instructions)  132 , a haptic feedback module (or set of instructions)  133 , a text input module (or set of instructions)  134 , a Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set of instructions)  135 , and applications (or sets of instructions)  136 . Furthermore, in some embodiments, the memory  102  stores a device/global internal state  157 , as shown in  FIGS.  1 A and  3   . The device/global internal state  157  includes one or more of: an active application state, indicating which applications, if any, are currently-selected; a display state, indicating what applications, views or other information occupy various regions of the touch-sensitive display system  112 ; a sensor state, including information obtained from the electronic device&#39;s various sensors and other input or control devices  116 ; and location and/or positional information concerning the electronic device&#39;s location and/or attitude. 
     The operating system  126  (e.g., iOS, Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components. 
     The communication module  128  facilitates communication with other devices over one or more external ports  124  and also includes various software components for handling data received by the RF circuitry  108  and/or the external port  124 . The external port  124  (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the 30-pin connector used in some iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. In some embodiments, the external port is a Lightning connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the Lightning connector used in some iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. 
     The contact/motion module  130  optionally detects contact with the touch-sensitive display system  112  (in conjunction with the display controller  156 ) and other touch-sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). The contact/motion module  130  includes various software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact (e.g., by a finger or by a stylus), such as determining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-down event), determining an intensity of the contact (e.g., the force or pressure of the contact or a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact), determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact). The contact/motion module  130  receives contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which is represented by a series of contact data, optionally includes determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. These operations are, optionally, applied to single contacts (e.g., one finger contacts or stylus contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g., “multitouch”/multiple finger contacts and/or stylus contacts). In some embodiments, the contact/motion module  130  and the display controller  156  detect contact on a touchpad. 
     The contact/motion module  130  optionally detects a gesture input by a user. Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contact patterns (e.g., different motions, timings, and/or intensities of detected contacts). Thus, a gesture is, optionally, detected by detecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a finger tap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event at the same position (or substantially the same position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequently followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event. Similarly, tap, swipe, drag, and other gestures are optionally detected for a stylus by detecting a particular contact pattern for the stylus. 
     The position module  131 , in conjunction with the accelerometers  167 , the gyroscopes  168 , and/or the magnetometers  169 , optionally detects positional information concerning the electronic device, such as the electronic device&#39;s attitude (e.g., roll, pitch, and/or yaw) in a particular frame of reference. The position module  131  includes software components for performing various operations related to detecting the position of the electronic device and detecting changes to the position of the electronic device. In some embodiments, the position module  131  uses information received from a stylus being used with the electronic device  100  to detect positional information concerning the stylus, such as detecting the positional state of the stylus relative to the electronic device  100  and detecting changes to the positional state of the stylus. 
     The graphics module  132  includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics on the touch-sensitive display system  112  or other display, including components for changing the visual impact (e.g., brightness, transparency, saturation, contrast or other visual property) of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics” includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including without limitation text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations and the like. 
     In some embodiments, the graphics module  132  stores data representing graphics to be used. Each graphic is, optionally, assigned a corresponding code. The graphics module  132  receives, from applications etc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with, if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and then generates screen image data to output to the display controller  156 . 
     The haptic feedback module  133  includes various software components for generating instructions used by the one or more tactile output generators  163  to produce tactile outputs at one or more locations on the electronic device  100  in response to user interactions with the electronic device  100 . 
     The text input module  134 , which is, optionally, a component of the graphics module  132 , provides soft keyboards for entering text in various applications (e.g., contacts  137 , e-mail  140 , IM  141 , browser  147 , and any other application that needs text input). 
     The GPS module  135  determines the location of the electronic device  100  and provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to the telephone  138  for use in location-based dialing, to the camera  143  as picture/video metadata, and to applications that provide location-based services such as weather widgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets). 
     The applications  136  optionally include the following modules (or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof:
         contacts module  137  (sometimes called an address book or contact list);   telephone module  138 ;   video conferencing module  139 ;   e-mail client module  140 ;   instant messaging (IM) module  141 ;   workout support module  142 ;   camera module  143  for still and/or video images;   image management module  144 ;   browser module  147 ;   calendar module  148 ;   widget modules  149 , which optionally include one or more of: weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  149 - 3 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , dictionary widget  149 - 5 , and other widgets obtained by the user, as well as user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   widget creator module  150  for making user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   search module  151 ;   video and music player module  152 , which is, optionally, made up of a video player module and a music player module;   notes module  153 ;   map module  154 ;   online video module  155 ; and/or   annotation application  195 , which is used for providing annotations to user interfaces and optionally storing and/or accessing saved annotations  196  in the memory  102 .       

     Examples of other applications  136  that are, optionally, stored in the memory  102  include other word processing applications, other image editing applications, drawing applications, presentation applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice replication. 
     In conjunction with the touch-sensitive display system  112 , the display controller  156 , the contact module  130 , the graphics module  132 , and the text input module  134 , the contacts module  137  includes executable instructions to manage an address book or contact list (e.g., stored in application internal state  192  of the contacts module  137  in the memory  102  or the memory  370 ), including: adding name(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book; associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or other information with a name; associating an image with a name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers and/or e-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications by the telephone module  138 , video conferencing module  139 , e-mail client module  140 , or IM module  141 ; and so forth. 
     In conjunction with the RF circuitry  108 , the audio circuitry  110 , the speaker  111 , the microphone  113 , the touch-sensitive display system  112 , the display controller  156 , the contact module  130 , the graphics module  132 , and the text input module  134 , the telephone module  138  includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers in the address book  137 , modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation and disconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As noted above, the wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies. 
     In conjunction with the RF circuitry  108 , the audio circuitry  110 , the speaker  111 , the microphone  113 , the touch-sensitive display system  112 , the display controller  156 , the one or more optical sensors  164 , the optical sensor controller  158 , the contact module  130 , the graphics module  132 , the text input module  134 , the contact list  137 , and the telephone module  138 , the video conferencing module  139  includes executable instructions to initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user and one or more other participants in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with the RF circuitry  108 , the touch-sensitive display system  112 , the display controller  156 , the contact module  130 , the graphics module  132 , and the text input module  134 , the e-mail client module  140  includes executable instructions to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response to user instructions. In conjunction with the image management module  144 , the e-mail client module  140  makes it very easy to create and send e-mails with still or video images taken with the camera module  143 . 
     In conjunction with the RF circuitry  108 , the touch-sensitive display system  112 , the display controller  156 , the contact module  130 , the graphics module  132 , and the text input module  134 , the instant messaging module  141  includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to an instant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit a respective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service (SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-based instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, Apple Push Notification Service (APNs) or IMPS for Internet-based instant messages), to receive instant messages and to view received instant messages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or received instant messages optionally include graphics, photos, audio files, video files and/or other attachments as are supported in an MMS and/or an Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging” refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, APNs, or IMPS). 
     In conjunction with the RF circuitry  108 , the touch-sensitive display system  112 , the display controller  156 , the contact module  130 , the graphics module  132 , the text input module  134 , the GPS module  135 , the map module  154 , and the music player module  146 , the workout support module  142  includes executable instructions to create workouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burning goals); communicate with workout sensors (in sports devices and smart watches); receive workout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout; select and play music for a workout; and display, store and transmit workout data. 
     In conjunction with the touch-sensitive display system  112 , the display controller  156 , the one or more optical sensors  164 , the optical sensor controller  158 , the contact module  130 , the graphics module  132 , and the image management module  144 , the camera module  143  includes executable instructions to capture still images or video (including a video stream) and store them into the memory  102 , modify characteristics of a still image or video, and/or delete a still image or video from the memory  102 . 
     In conjunction with the touch-sensitive display system  112 , the display controller  156 , the contact module  130 , the graphics module  132 , the text input module  134 , and the camera module  143 , the image management module  144  includes executable instructions to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/or video images. 
     In conjunction with the RF circuitry  108 , the touch-sensitive display system  112 , the display controller  156 , the contact module  130 , the graphics module  132 , and the text input module  134 , the browser module  147  includes executable instructions to browse the Internet in accordance with user instructions, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portions thereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages. 
     In conjunction with the RF circuitry  108 , the touch-sensitive display system  112 , the display controller  156 , the contact module  130 , the graphics module  132 , the text input module  134 , the e-mail client module  140 , and the browser module  147 , the calendar module  148  includes executable instructions to create, display, modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendar entries, to do lists, etc.) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with the RF circuitry  108 , the touch-sensitive display system  112 , the display controller  156 , the contact module  130 , the graphics module  132 , the text input module  134 , and the browser module  147 , the widget modules  149  are mini-applications that are, optionally, downloaded and used by a user (e.g., the weather widget  149 - 1 , the stocks widget  149 - 2 , the calculator widget  149 - 3 , the alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , and the dictionary widget  149 - 5 ) or created by the user (e.g., the user-created widget  149 - 6 ). In some embodiments, a widget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In some embodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets). 
     In conjunction with the RF circuitry  108 , the touch-sensitive display system  112 , the display controller  156 , the contact module  130 , the graphics module  132 , the text input module  134 , and the browser module  147 , the widget creator module  150  includes executable instructions to create widgets (e.g., turning a user-specified portion of a web page into a widget). 
     In conjunction with the touch-sensitive display system  112 , the display controller  156 , the contact module  130 , the graphics module  132 , and the text input module  134 , the search module  151  includes executable instructions to search for text, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in the memory  102  that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with the touch-sensitive display system  112 , the display controller  156 , the contact module  130 , the graphics module  132 , the audio circuitry  110 , the speaker  111 , the RF circuitry  108 , and the browser module  147 , the video and music player module  152  includes executable instructions that allow the user to download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, and executable instructions to display, present or otherwise play back videos (e.g., on the touch-sensitive display system  112 , or on an external display connected wirelessly or via the external port  124 ). In some embodiments, the electronic device  100  optionally includes the functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.). 
     In conjunction with the touch-sensitive display system  112 , the display controller  156 , the contact module  130 , the graphics module  132 , and the text input module  134 , the notes module  153  includes executable instructions to create and manage notes, to do lists, and the like in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with the RF circuitry  108 , the touch-sensitive display system  112 , the display controller  156 , the contact module  130 , the graphics module  132 , the text input module  134 , the GPS module  135 , and the browser module  147 , the map module  154  includes executable instructions to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data associated with maps (e.g., driving directions; data on stores and other points of interest at or near a particular location; and other location-based data) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with the touch-sensitive display system  112 , the display controller  156 , the contact module  130 , the graphics module  132 , the audio circuitry  110 , the speaker  111 , the RF circuitry  108 , the text input module  134 , the e-mail client module  140 , and the browser module  147 , the online video module  155  includes executable instructions that allow the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen  112 , or on an external display connected wirelessly or via the external port  124 ), send an e-mail with a link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats, such as H.264. In some embodiments, the instant messaging module  141 , rather than the e-mail client module  140 , is used to send a link to a particular online video. 
     Each of the above identified modules and applications correspond to a set of executable instructions for performing one or more functions described above and the methods described in this application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods described herein). These modules (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, the memory  102  optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, the memory  102  optionally stores additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     In some embodiments, the electronic device  100  is an electronic device where operation of a predefined set of functions on the electronic device is performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/or a touchpad as the primary input control device for operation of the electronic device  100 , the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) on the electronic device  100  is, optionally, reduced. 
     The predefined set of functions that are performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad optionally include navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by the user, navigates the electronic device  100  to a main, home, or root menu from any user interface that is displayed on the electronic device  100 . In such embodiments, a “menu button” is implemented using a touchpad. In some other embodiments, the menu button is a physical push button or other physical input control device instead of a touchpad. 
       FIG.  1 B  is a block diagram illustrating example components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, the memory  102  (in  FIG.  1 A ) or  370  (in  FIG.  3   ) includes an event sorter  170  (e.g., in the operating system  126 ) and a respective application  136 - 1  (e.g., any of the aforementioned applications  136 ,  137 - 155 ,  380 - 390 ). 
     The event sorter  170  receives event information and determines the application  136 - 1  and application view  191  of application  136 - 1  to which to deliver the event information. The sorter  170  includes an event monitor  171  and an event dispatcher module  174 . In some embodiments, application  136 - 1  includes application internal state  192 , which indicates the current application view(s) displayed on the touch-sensitive display system  112  when the application is active or executing. In some embodiments, the device/global internal state  157  is used by the event sorter  170  to determine which application(s) is (are) currently-selected, and the application internal state  192  is used by the event sorter  170  to determine application views  191  to which to deliver event information. 
     In some embodiments, the application internal state  192  includes additional information, such as one or more of: resume information to be used when the application  136 - 1  resumes execution, user interface state information that indicates information being displayed or that is ready for display by application  136 - 1 , a state queue for enabling the user to go back to a prior state or view of application  136 - 1 , and a redo/undo queue of previous actions taken by the user. 
     The event monitor  171  receives event information from the peripherals interface  118 . Event information includes information about a sub-event (e.g., a user touch on the touch-sensitive display system  112 , as part of a multi-touch gesture). The peripherals interface  118  transmits information it receives from the I/O subsystem  106  or a sensor, such as the proximity sensor  166 , the accelerometer(s)  167 , the gyroscope(s)  168 , the magnetometer(s)  169 , and/or the microphone  113  (through the audio circuitry  110 ). Information that the peripherals interface  118  receives from the I/O subsystem  106  includes information from the touch-sensitive display system  112  or a touch-sensitive surface. 
     In some embodiments, the event monitor  171  sends requests to the peripherals interface  118  at predetermined intervals. In response, the peripherals interface  118  transmits event information. In other embodiments, the peripherals interface  118  transmits event information only when there is a significant event (e.g., receiving an input above a predetermined noise threshold and/or for more than a predetermined duration). 
     In some embodiments, the event sorter  170  also includes a hit view determination module  172  and/or an active event recognizer determination module  173 . The hit view determination module  172  provides software procedures for determining where a sub-event has taken place within one or more views, when the touch-sensitive display system  112  displays more than one view. Views are made up of controls and other elements that a user can see on the display. 
     Another aspect of the user interface associated with an application is a set of views, sometimes herein called application views or user interface windows, in which information is displayed and touch-based gestures occur. The application views (of a respective application) in which a touch is detected optionally correspond to programmatic levels within a programmatic or view hierarchy of the application. For example, the lowest level view in which a touch is detected is, optionally, called the hit view, and the set of events that are recognized as proper inputs are, optionally, determined based, at least in part, on the hit view of the initial touch that begins a touch-based gesture. 
     The hit view determination module  172  receives information related to sub-events of a touch-based gesture. When an application has multiple views organized in a hierarchy, the hit view determination module  172  identifies a hit view as the lowest view in the hierarchy which should handle the sub-event. In most circumstances, the hit view is the lowest level view in which an initiating sub-event occurs (i.e., the first sub-event in the sequence of sub-events that form an event or potential event). Once the hit view is identified by the hit view determination module, the hit view typically receives all sub-events related to the same touch or input source for which it was identified as the hit view. 
     The active event recognizer determination module  173  determines which view or views within a view hierarchy should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In some embodiments, the active event recognizer determination module  173  determines that only the hit view should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, the active event recognizer determination module  173  determines that all views that include the physical location of a sub-event are actively involved views, and therefore determines that all actively involved views should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, even if touch sub-events were entirely confined to the area associated with one particular view, views higher in the hierarchy would still remain as actively involved views. 
     The event dispatcher module  174  dispatches the event information to an event recognizer (e.g., the event recognizer  180 ). In embodiments including the active event recognizer determination module  173 , the event dispatcher module  174  delivers the event information to an event recognizer determined by the active event recognizer determination module  173 . In some embodiments, the event dispatcher module  174  stores in an event queue the event information, which is retrieved by a respective event receiver module  182 . 
     In some embodiments, the operating system  126  includes the event sorter  170 . Alternatively, the application  136 - 1  includes the event sorter  170 . In yet other embodiments, the event sorter  170  is a stand-alone module, or a part of another module stored in the memory  102 , such as the contact/motion module  130 . 
     In some embodiments, the application  136 - 1  includes a plurality of event handlers  190  and one or more application views  191 , each of which includes instructions for handling touch events that occur within a respective view of the application&#39;s user interface. Each application view  191  of the application  136 - 1  includes one or more event recognizers  180 . Typically, a respective application view  191  includes a plurality of event recognizers  180 . In other embodiments, one or more of event recognizers  180  are part of a separate module, such as a user interface kit (not shown) or a higher-level object from which application  136 - 1  inherits methods and other properties. In some embodiments, a respective event handler  190  includes one or more of: a data updater  176 , an object updater  177 , a GUI updater  178 , and/or event data  179  received from the event sorter  170 . The event handler  190  optionally utilizes or calls the data updater  176 , the object updater  177 , or the GUI updater  178  to update the application internal state  192 . Alternatively, one or more of the application views  191  includes one or more respective event handlers  190 . Also, in some embodiments, one or more of the data updater  176 , the object updater  177 , and the GUI updater  178  are included in a respective application view  191 . 
     A respective event recognizer  180  receives event information (e.g., event data  179 ) from the event sorter  170 , and identifies an event from the event information. The event recognizer  180  includes an event receiver module  182  and an event comparator  184 . In some embodiments, the event recognizer  180  also includes at least a subset of: metadata  183 , and event delivery instructions  188  (which optionally include sub-event delivery instructions). 
     The event receiver module  182  receives event information from the event sorter  170 . The event information includes information about a sub-event, for example, a touch or a touch movement. Depending on the sub-event, the event information also includes additional information, such as location of the sub-event. When the sub-event concerns motion of a touch, the event information optionally also includes speed and direction of the sub-event. In some embodiments, events include rotation of the electronic device from one orientation to another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to a landscape orientation, or vice versa), and the event information includes corresponding information about the current orientation (also called device attitude) of the electronic device. 
     The event comparator  184  compares the event information to predefined event or sub-event definitions and, based on the comparison, determines an event or sub-event, or determines or updates the state of an event or sub-event. In some embodiments, the event comparator  184  includes event definitions  186 . The event definitions  186  contain definitions of events (e.g., predefined sequences of sub-events), for example, event  1  ( 187 - 1 ), event  2  ( 187 - 2 ), and others. In some embodiments, sub-events in an event  187  include, for example, touch begin, touch end, touch movement, touch cancellation, and multiple touching. In one example, the definition for event  1  ( 187 - 1 ) is a double tap on a displayed object. The double tap, for example, comprises a first touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a first lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase, a second touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, and a second lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase. In another example, the definition for event  2  ( 187 - 2 ) is a dragging on a displayed object. The dragging, for example, comprises a touch (or contact) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a movement of the touch across the touch-sensitive display system  112 , and lift-off of the touch (touch end). In some embodiments, the event also includes information for one or more associated event handlers  190 . 
     In some embodiments, the event definition  187  includes a definition of an event for a respective user-interface object. In some embodiments, the event comparator  184  performs a hit test to determine which user-interface object is associated with a sub-event. For example, in an application view in which three user-interface objects are displayed on the touch-sensitive display system  112 , when a touch is detected on the touch-sensitive display system  112 , the event comparator  184  performs a hit test to determine which of the three user-interface objects is associated with the touch (sub-event). If each displayed object is associated with a respective event handler  190 , the event comparator uses the result of the hit test to determine which the event handler  190  should be activated. For example, the event comparator  184  selects an event handler associated with the sub-event and the object triggering the hit test. 
     In some embodiments, the definition for a respective event  187  also includes delayed actions that delay delivery of the event information until after it has been determined whether the sequence of sub-events does or does not correspond to the event recognizer&#39;s event type. 
     When a respective event recognizer  180  determines that the series of sub-events do not match any of the events in the event definitions  186 , the respective event recognizer  180  enters an event impossible, event failed, or event ended state, after which it disregards subsequent sub-events of the touch-based gesture. In this situation, other event recognizers, if any, that remain active for the hit view continue to track and process sub-events of an ongoing touch-based gesture. 
     In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  includes metadata  183  with configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how the event delivery system should perform sub-event delivery to actively involved event recognizers. In some embodiments, metadata  183  includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how event recognizers interact, or are enabled to interact, with one another. In some embodiments, metadata  183  includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate whether sub-events are delivered to varying levels in the view or programmatic hierarchy. 
     In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  activates the event handler  190  associated with an event when one or more particular sub-events of an event are recognized. In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  delivers event information associated with the event to the event handler  190 . Activating an event handler  190  is distinct from sending (and deferred sending) sub-events to a respective hit view. In some embodiments, the event recognizer  180  throws a flag associated with the recognized event, and the event handler  190  associated with the flag catches the flag and performs a predefined process. 
     In some embodiments, the event delivery instructions  188  include sub-event delivery instructions that deliver event information about a sub-event without activating an event handler. Instead, the sub-event delivery instructions deliver event information to event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or to actively involved views. Event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or with actively involved views receive the event information and perform a predetermined process. 
     In some embodiments, the data updater  176  creates and updates data used in application  136 - 1 . For example, the data updater  176  updates the telephone number used in the contacts module  137  or stores a video file used in video player module  145 . In some embodiments, the object updater  177  creates and updates objects used in application  136 - 1 . For example, the object updater  177  creates a new user-interface object or updates the position of a user-interface object. The GUI updater  178  updates the GUI. For example, the GUI updater  178  prepares display information and sends it to the graphics module  132  for display on a touch-sensitive display. 
     In some embodiments, the event handler(s)  190  includes or has access to the data updater  176 , the object updater  177 , and the GUI updater  178 . In some embodiments, the data updater  176 , the object updater  177 , and the GUI updater  178  are included in a single module of a respective application  136 - 1  or application view  191 . In other embodiments, they are included in two or more software modules. 
     It shall be understood that the foregoing discussion regarding event handling of user touches on touch-sensitive displays also applies to other forms of user inputs to operate multifunction devices  100  with input-devices, not all of which are initiated on touch screens. For example, mouse movement and mouse button presses, optionally coordinated with single or multiple keyboard presses or holds; contact movements such as taps, drags, scrolls, etc., on touch-pads; pen stylus inputs; movement of the electronic device; oral instructions; detected eye movements; biometric inputs; and/or any combination thereof are optionally utilized as inputs corresponding to sub-events which define an event to be recognized. 
       FIG.  2    illustrates a portable multifunction device  100  having a touch screen (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112 ,  FIG.  1 A ) in accordance with some embodiments. The touch screen optionally displays one or more graphics within a user interface (UI)  200 . In this embodiment, as well as others described below, a user is enabled to select one or more of the graphics by making a gesture on the graphics, for example, with one or more fingers  202  (not drawn to scale in the figure) or one or more styluses  203  (not drawn to scale in the figure). In some embodiments, selection of one or more graphics occurs when the user breaks contact with the one or more graphics. In some embodiments, the gesture optionally includes one or more taps, one or more swipes (from left to right, right to left, upward and/or downward) and/or a rolling of a finger (from right to left, left to right, upward and/or downward) that has made contact with the electronic device  100 . In some embodiments or circumstances, inadvertent contact with a graphic does not select the graphic. For example, a swipe gesture that sweeps over an application icon optionally does not select the corresponding application when the gesture corresponding to selection is a tap. 
     The stylus  203  includes a first end  276  and a second end  277 . In various embodiments, the first end  276  corresponds to a tip of the stylus  203  (e.g., the tip of a pencil) and the second end  277  corresponds to the opposite or bottom end of the stylus  203  (e.g., the eraser of the pencil). 
     The stylus  203  includes a touch-sensitive surface  275  to receive touch inputs from a user. In some embodiments, the touch-sensitive surface  275  corresponds to a capacitive touch element. The stylus  203  includes a sensor or set of sensors that detect inputs from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact with the touch-sensitive surface  275 . In some embodiments, the stylus  203  includes any of a plurality of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with the touch-sensitive surface  275 . Because the stylus  203  includes a variety of sensors and types of sensors, the stylus  203  can detect a variety of inputs from the user, including the gestures disclosed herein with respect to the touch screen of the portable multifunction device  100 . In some embodiments, the one or more sensors can detect a single touch input or successive touch inputs in response to a user tapping once or multiple times on the touch-sensitive surface  275 . In some embodiments, the one or more sensors can detect a swipe input on the stylus  203  in response to the user stroking along the touch-sensitive surface  275  with one or more fingers. In some embodiments, if the speed with which the user strokes along the touch-sensitive surface  275  breaches a threshold, the one or more sensors detect a flick input rather than a swipe input. 
     The stylus  203  also includes one or more sensors that detect orientation (e.g., angular position relative to the electronic device) and/or movement of the stylus  203 , such as an accelerometer, magnetometer, gyroscope, and/or the like. The one or more sensors can detect a variety of rotational movements of the stylus  203  by the user, including the type and direction of the rotation. For example, the one or more sensors can detect the user rolling and/or twirling the stylus  203 , and can detect the direction (e.g., clockwise or counterclockwise) of the rolling/twirling. In some embodiments, the detected input depends on the angular position of the first end  276  and the second end  277  of the stylus  203  relative to the electronic device. For example, in some embodiments, if the stylus  203  is substantially perpendicular to the electronic device  100  and the second end  277  (e.g., the eraser) is nearer to the electronic device, then contacting the surface of the electronic device with the second end  277  results in an erase operation. On the other hand, if the stylus  203  is substantially perpendicular to the electronic device and the first end  276  (e.g., the tip) is nearer to the electronic device, then contacting the surface of the electronic device with the first end  276  results in a marking operation. 
     The electronic device  100  optionally also includes one or more physical buttons, such as “home” or menu button  204 . As described previously, menu button  204  is, optionally, used to navigate to any application  136  in a set of applications that are, optionally executed on the electronic device  100 . Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button  204  is implemented as a soft key in a GUI displayed on the touch-screen display. 
     In some embodiments, the electronic device  100  includes the touch-screen display, the menu button  204 , a push button  206  for powering the electronic device on/off and locking the electronic device  100 , volume adjustment button(s)  208 , Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card slot  210 , a headset jack  212 , and docking/charging external port  124 . The push button  206  is, optionally, used to turn the power on/off on the electronic device by depressing the push button  206  and holding the push button  206  in the depressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the electronic device  100  by depressing the push button  206  and releasing the push button  206  before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the electronic device  100  or initiate an unlock process. In some embodiments, the electronic device  100  also accepts verbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions through a microphone  113 . The electronic device  100  also, optionally, includes one or more contact intensity sensors  165  for detecting intensity of contacts on the touch-sensitive display system  112  and/or one or more tactile output generators  163  for generating tactile outputs for a user of the electronic device  100 . 
       FIG.  3    is a block diagram of an example multifunction device  300  with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. The electronic device  300  need not be portable. In some embodiments, the electronic device  300  is a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a tablet computer, a multimedia player device, a navigation device, an educational device (such as a child&#39;s learning toy), a gaming system, or a control device (e.g., a home or industrial controller). The electronic device  300  typically includes one or more processing units (CPUs)  310 , one or more network or other communications interfaces  360 , memory  370 , and one or more communication buses  320  for interconnecting these components. The one or more communication buses  320  optionally include circuitry (sometimes called a chipset) that interconnects and controls communications between system components. The electronic device  300  includes an input/output (I/O) interface  330  comprising a display  340 , which is typically a touch-screen display. The I/O interface  330  also optionally includes a keyboard and/or mouse (or other pointing device)  350  and touchpad  355 , a tactile output generator  357  for generating tactile outputs on the electronic device  300  (e.g., similar to the tactile output generator(s)  163  described above with reference to  FIG.  1 A ), sensors  359  (e.g., touch-sensitive, optical, contact intensity, proximity, acceleration, attitude, and/or magnetic sensors similar to sensors  112 ,  164 ,  165 ,  166 ,  167 ,  168 , and  169  described above with reference to  FIG.  1 A ). The memory  370  includes high-speed random-access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM or other random-access solid-state memory devices; and optionally includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state storage devices. The memory  370  optionally includes one or more storage devices remotely located from the one or more CPUs  310 . In some embodiments, the memory  370  stores programs, modules, and data structures analogous to the programs, modules, and data structures stored in the memory  102  of the portable multifunction device  100  ( FIG.  1 A ), or a subset thereof. Furthermore, the memory  370  optionally stores additional programs, modules, and data structures not present in the memory  102  of the portable multifunction device  100 . For example, the memory  370  of device  300  optionally stores a drawing module  380 , a presentation module  382 , a word processing module  384 , a website creation module  386 , a disk authoring module  388 , and/or a spreadsheet module  390 , while the memory  102  of the portable multifunction device  100  ( FIG.  1 A ) optionally does not store these modules. 
     Each of the above identified elements in  FIG.  3    are, optionally, stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices. Each of the above identified modules corresponds to a set of instructions for performing a function described above. The above identified modules or programs (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  370  optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, the memory  370  optionally stores additional modules and data structures not described above. 
       FIG.  4    is a block diagram of an exemplary electronic stylus  203  in accordance with some embodiments. The electronic stylus  203  is sometimes simply called a stylus. The stylus  203  includes memory  402  (which optionally includes one or more computer readable storage mediums), a memory controller  422 , one or more processing units (CPUs)  420 , a peripherals interface  418 , RF circuitry  408 , an input/output (I/O) subsystem  406 , and other input or control devices  416 . The stylus  203  optionally includes an external port  424  and one or more optical sensors  464 . The stylus  203  optionally includes one or more intensity sensors  465  for detecting intensity of contacts of the stylus  203  on the electronic device  100  (e.g., when the stylus  203  is used with a touch-sensitive surface such as the touch-sensitive display system  112  of the electronic device  100 ) or on other surfaces (e.g., a desk surface). The stylus  203  optionally includes one or more tactile output generators  463  for generating tactile outputs on the stylus  203 . These components optionally communicate over one or more communication buses or signal lines  403 . 
     In some embodiments, the term “tactile output,” discussed above, refers to physical displacement of an accessory (e.g., the stylus  203 ) of an electronic device (e.g., the electronic device  100 ) relative to a previous position of the accessory, physical displacement of a component of an accessory relative to another component of the accessory, or displacement of the component relative to a center of mass of the accessory that will be detected by a user with the user&#39;s sense of touch. For example, in situations where the accessory or the component of the accessory is in contact with a surface of a user that is sensitive to touch (e.g., a finger, palm, or other part of a user&#39;s hand), the tactile output generated by the physical displacement will be interpreted by the user as a tactile sensation corresponding to a perceived change in physical characteristics of the accessory or the component of the accessory. For example, movement of a component (e.g., the housing of the stylus  203 ) is, optionally, interpreted by the user as a “click” of a physical actuator button. In some cases, a user will feel a tactile sensation such as a “click” even when there is no movement of a physical actuator button associated with the stylus that is physically pressed (e.g., displaced) by the user&#39;s movements. While such interpretations of touch by a user will be subject to the individualized sensory perceptions of the user, there are many sensory perceptions of touch that are common to a large majority of users. Thus, when a tactile output is described as corresponding to a particular sensory perception of a user (e.g., a “click,”), unless otherwise stated, the generated tactile output corresponds to physical displacement of the electronic device or a component thereof that will generate the described sensory perception for a typical (or average) user. 
     It should be appreciated that the stylus  203  is only one example of an electronic stylus, and that stylus  203  optionally has more or fewer components than shown, optionally combines two or more components, or optionally has a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown in  FIG.  4    are implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof, including one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits. 
     The memory  402  optionally includes high-speed random-access memory and optionally also includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Access to the memory  402  by other components of the stylus  203 , such as the one or more CPUs  420  and the peripherals interface  418 , is, optionally, controlled by the memory controller  422 . 
     The peripherals interface  418  can be used to couple input and output peripherals of the stylus to the one or more CPUs  420  and the memory  402 . The one or more CPUs  420  run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in the memory  402  to perform various functions for the stylus  203  and to process data. 
     In some embodiments, the peripherals interface  418 , the one or more CPUs  420 , and the memory controller  422  are, optionally, implemented on a single chip, such as a chip  404 . In some other embodiments, they are, optionally, implemented on separate chips. 
     The RF (radio frequency) circuitry  408  receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals. The RF circuitry  408  converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with the electronic device  100  or  300 , communications networks, and/or other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals. The RF circuitry  408  optionally includes well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. The RF circuitry  408  optionally communicates with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), Evolution, Data-Only (EV-DO), HSPA, HSPA+, Dual-Cell HSPA (DC-HSPA), long term evolution (LTE), near field communication (NFC), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), BLUETOOTH, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11ac, IEEE 802.11ax, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document. 
     The I/O subsystem  406  couples input/output peripherals on the stylus  203 , such as the other input or control devices  416 , with the peripherals interface  418 . The I/O subsystem  406  optionally includes an optical sensor controller  458 , an intensity sensor controller  459 , a haptic feedback controller  461 , and one or more input controllers  460  for other input or control devices. The one or more input controllers  460  receive/send electrical signals from/to the other input or control devices  416 . The other input or control devices  416  optionally include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternate embodiments, the one or more input controllers  460  are, optionally, coupled with any (or none) of the following: an infrared port and/or a USB port. 
     The stylus  203  also includes a power system  462  for powering the various components. The power system  462  optionally includes a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices and/or portable accessories. 
     The stylus  203  optionally also includes the one or more optical sensors  464 .  FIG.  4    shows an optical sensor coupled with the optical sensor controller  458  in the I/O subsystem  406 . The one or more optical sensors  464  optionally include charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistors. The one or more optical sensors  464  receive light from the environment, projected through one or more lens, and converts the light to data representing an image. 
     The stylus  203  optionally also includes one or more contact intensity sensors  465 .  FIG.  4    shows a contact intensity sensor coupled with the intensity sensor controller  459  in the I/O subsystem  406 . The one or more contact intensity sensors  465  optionally include one or more piezoresistive strain gauges, capacitive force sensors, electric force sensors, piezoelectric force sensors, optical force sensors, capacitive touch-sensitive surfaces, or other intensity sensors (e.g., sensors used to measure the force (or pressure) of a contact on a surface). The one or more contact intensity sensors  465  receive contact intensity information (e.g., pressure information or a proxy for pressure information) from the environment. In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is collocated with, or proximate to, a tip of the stylus  203 . 
     The stylus  203  optionally also includes one or more proximity sensors  466 .  FIG.  4    shows the proximity sensor  466  coupled with the peripherals interface  418 . Alternately, the proximity sensor  466  is coupled with the input controller  460  in the I/O subsystem  406 . In some embodiments, the proximity sensor  466  determines proximity of the stylus  203  to an electronic device (e.g., the electronic device  100 ). 
     The stylus  203  optionally also includes one or more tactile output generators  463 .  FIG.  4    shows a tactile output generator  463  coupled with the haptic feedback controller  461  in the I/O subsystem  406 . The one or more tactile output generators  463  optionally include one or more electroacoustic devices such as speakers or other audio components and/or electromechanical devices that convert energy into linear motion such as a motor, solenoid, electroactive polymer, piezoelectric actuator, electrostatic actuator, or other tactile output generating component (e.g., a component that converts electrical signals into tactile outputs on the electronic device). The one or more tactile output generators  463  receive tactile feedback generation instructions from the haptic feedback module  433  and generates tactile outputs on the stylus  203  that are capable of being sensed by a user of the stylus  203 . In some embodiments, at least one tactile output generator  463  is collocated with, or proximate to, a length (e.g., a body or a housing) of the stylus  203  and, optionally, generates a tactile output by moving the stylus  203  vertically (e.g., in a direction parallel to the length of the stylus  203 ) or laterally (e.g., in a direction normal to the length of the stylus  203 ). 
     The stylus  203  optionally also includes one or more accelerometers  467 , gyroscopes  468 , and/or magnetometers  469  (e.g., as part of an inertial measurement unit (IMU)) for obtaining information concerning the location and positional state of the stylus  203 .  FIG.  4    shows sensors  467 ,  468 , and  469  coupled with the peripherals interface  418 . Alternately, sensors  467 ,  468 , and  469  are, optionally, coupled with an input controller  460  in the I/O subsystem  406 . The stylus  203  optionally includes a GPS (or GLONASS or other global navigation system) receiver (not shown) for obtaining information concerning the location of the stylus  203 . 
     The stylus  203  includes a touch-sensitive system  432 . The touch-sensitive system  432  detects inputs received at the touch-sensitive surface  275 . These inputs include the inputs discussed herein with respect to the touch-sensitive surface  275  of the stylus  203 . For example, the touch-sensitive system  432  can detect tap, twirl, roll, flick, and swipe inputs. The touch-sensitive system  432  coordinates with a touch interpretation module  477  in order to decipher the particular kind of touch input received at the touch-sensitive surface  275  (e.g., twirl/roll/flick/swipe/etc.). 
     In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory  402  include an operating system  426 , a communication module (or set of instructions)  428 , a contact/motion module (or set of instructions)  430 , a position module (or set of instructions)  431 , and a Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set of instructions)  435 . Furthermore, in some embodiments, the memory  402  stores a device/global internal state  457 , as shown in  FIG.  4   . Moreover, although not depicted, the memory  402  includes the touch interpretation module  477 . The device/global internal state  457  includes one or more of: a sensor state, including information obtained from the stylus&#39;s various sensors and the other input or control devices  416 ; a positional state, including information regarding the stylus&#39;s position (e.g., position, orientation, tilt, roll and/or distance, as shown in  FIGS.  5 A and  5 B ) relative to an electronic device (e.g., the electronic device  100 ); and location information concerning the stylus&#39;s location (e.g., determined by the GPS module  435 ). 
     The operating system  426  (e.g., iOS, Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components. 
     The communication module  428  optionally facilitates communication with other devices over the one or more external ports  424  and also includes various software components for handling data received by the RF circuitry  408  and/or the external port  424 . The external port  424  (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external port  424  is a Lightning connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the Lightning connector used in some iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. 
     The contact/motion module  430  optionally detects contact with the stylus  203  and other touch-sensitive devices of the stylus  203  (e.g., buttons or other touch-sensitive components of the stylus  203 ). The contact/motion module  430  includes software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact (e.g., detection of a tip of the stylus  203  with a touch-sensitive display, such as the touch screen  112  of the electronic device  100 , or with another surface, such as a desk surface), such as determining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a touch-down event), determining an intensity of the contact (e.g., the force or pressure of the contact or a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact), determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement (e.g., across the touch screen  112  of the electronic device  100 ), and determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting a lift-off event or a break in contact). In some embodiments, the contact/motion module  430  receives contact data from the I/O subsystem  406 . Determining movement of the point of contact, which is represented by a series of contact data, optionally includes determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. As noted above, in some embodiments, one or more of these operations related to detection of contact are performed by the electronic device  100  using the contact/motion module  130  (in addition to or in place of the stylus  203  using the contact/motion module  430 ). 
     The contact/motion module  430  optionally detects a gesture input by the stylus  203 . Different gestures with the stylus  203  have different contact patterns (e.g., different motions, timings, and/or intensities of detected contacts). Thus, a gesture is, optionally, detected by detecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a single tap gesture includes detecting a touch-down event followed by detecting a lift-off event at the same position (or substantially the same position) as the touch-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon). As another example, detecting a swipe gesture includes detecting a touch-down event followed by detecting one or more stylus-dragging events, and subsequently followed by detecting a lift-off event. As noted above, in some embodiments, gesture detection is performed by the electronic device  100  using the contact/motion module  130  (in addition to or in place of the stylus  203  using the contact/motion module  430 ). 
     The position module  431 , in conjunction with the accelerometers  467 , the gyroscopes  468 , and/or the magnetometers  469 , optionally detects positional information concerning the stylus  203 , such as the stylus&#39;s attitude (roll, pitch, and/or yaw) in a particular frame of reference. The position module  431 , in conjunction with the accelerometers  467 , the gyroscopes  468 , and/or the magnetometers  469 , optionally detects stylus movement gestures, such as flicks, taps, and rolls of the stylus  203 . The position module  431  includes software components for performing various operations related to detecting the position of the stylus and detecting changes to the position of the stylus in a particular frame of reference. In some embodiments, the position module  431  detects the positional state of the stylus  203  relative to the electronic device  100  and detects changes to the positional state of the stylus  203  relative to the electronic device  100 . As noted above, in some embodiments, the electronic device  100  or  300  determines the positional state of the stylus  203  relative to the electronic device  100  and changes to the positional state of the stylus  203  using the position module  131  (in addition to or in place of the stylus  203  using the position module  431 ). 
     The haptic feedback module  433  includes various software components for generating instructions used by the tactile output generator(s)  463  to produce tactile outputs at one or more locations on stylus  203  in response to user interactions with stylus  203 . 
     The GPS module  435  determines the location of the stylus  203  and provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to applications that provide location-based services such as an application to find missing devices and/or accessories). 
     The touch interpretation module  477  coordinates with the touch-sensitive system  432  in order to determine (e.g., decipher or identify) the type of touch input received at the touch-sensitive surface  275  of the stylus  203 . For example, the touch interpretation module  477  determines that the touch input corresponds to a swipe input (as opposed to a tap input) if the user stroked a sufficient distance across the touch-sensitive surface  275  in a sufficiently short amount of time. As another example, the touch interpretation module  477  determines that the touch input corresponds to a flick input (as opposed to a swipe input) if the speed with which user stroked across the touch-sensitive surface  275  was sufficiently faster than the speech corresponding to a swipe input. The threshold speeds of strokes can be preset and can be changed. In various embodiments, the pressure and/or force with which the touch is received at the touch-sensitive surface determines the type of input. For example, a light touch can correspond to a first type of input while a harder touch can correspond to a second type of input. 
     Each of the above identified modules and applications correspond to a set of executable instructions for performing one or more functions described above and the methods described in this application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods described herein). These modules (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, the memory  402  optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, the memory  402  optionally stores additional modules and data structures not described above. 
       FIGS.  5 A- 5 B  illustrate a positional state of the stylus  203  relative to a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., the touch screen  112  of the electronic device  100 ) in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, the positional state of the stylus  203  corresponds to (or indicates): a position of a projection of a tip (or other representative portion) of the stylus  203  on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., an (x,y) position  504 ,  FIG.  5 A ), an orientation of the stylus  203  relative to the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., an orientation  506 ,  FIG.  5 A ), a tilt of the stylus  203  relative to the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a tilt  512 ,  FIG.  5 B ), and/or a distance of the stylus  203  relative to the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a distance  514 ,  FIG.  5 B ). In some embodiments, the positional state of stylus  203  corresponds to (or indicates) a pitch, yaw, and/or roll of the stylus (e.g., an attitude of the stylus  203  relative to a particular frame of reference, such as a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., the touch screen  112 ) or the ground). In some embodiments, the positional state includes a set of positional parameters (e.g., one or more positional parameters). In some embodiments, the positional state is detected in accordance with one or more measurements from the stylus  203  that are sent to an electronic device (e.g., the electronic device  100 ). For example, the stylus  203  measures the tilt (e.g., the tilt  512 ,  FIG.  5 B ) and/or the orientation (e.g., the orientation  506 ,  FIG.  5 A ) of the stylus and sends the measurement to the electronic device  100 . In some embodiments, the positional state is detected in accordance with raw output, from one or more electrodes in the stylus, that is sensed by a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., the touch screen  112  of the electronic device  100 ) instead of, or in combination with a positional state detected in accordance with one or more measurements from the stylus  203 . For example, the touch-sensitive surface receives raw output from one or more electrodes in the stylus  203  and calculates the tilt and/or the orientation of the stylus  203  based on the raw output (optionally, in conjunction with positional state information provided by the stylus  203  based on sensor measurements generated by the stylus  203 ). 
       FIG.  5 A  illustrates the stylus  203  relative to a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., the touch screen  112  of the electronic device  100 ) from a viewpoint directly above the touch-sensitive surface, in accordance with some embodiments. In  FIG.  5 A , a z axis  594  points out of the page (i.e., in a direction normal to a plane of touch screen  112 ), an x axis  590  is parallel to a first edge (e.g., a length) of the touch screen  112 , a y axis  592  is parallel to a second edge (e.g., a width) of the touch screen  112 , and the y axis  592  is perpendicular to the x axis  590 . 
       FIG.  5 A  illustrates the tip of the stylus  203  at the (x,y) position  504 . In some embodiments, the tip of the stylus  203  is a terminus of the stylus  203  configured for determining proximity of the stylus  203  to a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., the touch screen  112 ). In some embodiments, the projection of the tip of the stylus  203  on the touch-sensitive surface is an orthogonal projection. In other words, the projection of the tip of the stylus  203  on the touch-sensitive surface is a point at the end of a line from the stylus tip to the touch-sensitive surface that is normal to a surface of the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., the (x,y) position  504  at which the tip of the stylus  203  would touch the touch-sensitive surface if the stylus  203  were moved directly along a path normal to the touch-sensitive surface). In some embodiments, the (x,y) position  504  at the lower left corner of the touch screen  112  is position (0,0) (e.g., the (0,0) position  502 ) and other (x,y) positions on touch screen  112  are relative to the lower left corner of the touch screen  112 . Alternatively, in some embodiments, the (0,0) position is located at another position of touch screen  112  (e.g., in the center of the touch screen  112 ) and other (x,y) positions are relative to the (0,0) position of the touch screen  112 . 
     Further,  FIG.  5 A  illustrates the stylus  203  with the orientation  506 . In some embodiments, the orientation  506  is an orientation of a projection of the stylus  203  onto the touch screen  112  (e.g., an orthogonal projection of a length of the stylus  203  or a line corresponding to the line between the projection of two different points of the stylus  203  onto the touch screen  112 ). In some embodiments, the orientation  506  is relative to at least one axis in a plane parallel to the touch screen  112 . In some embodiments, the orientation  506  is relative to a single axis in a plane parallel to the touch screen  112  (e.g., an axis  508 , with a clockwise rotation angle from the axis  508  ranging from 0 degrees to 360 degrees, as shown in  FIG.  5 A ). Alternatively, in some embodiments, the orientation  506  is relative to a pair of axes in a plane parallel to the touch screen  112  (e.g., the x axis  590  and they axis  592 , as shown in  FIG.  5 A , or a pair of axes associated with an application displayed on the touch screen  112 ). 
     In some embodiments, an indication (e.g., an indication  516 ) is displayed on a touch-sensitive display (e.g., the touch screen  112  of the electronic device  100 ). In some embodiments, the indication  516  shows where the stylus  203  will touch (or mark) the touch-sensitive display before the stylus  203  touches the touch-sensitive display. In some embodiments, the indication  516  is a portion of a mark that is being drawn on the touch-sensitive display. In some embodiments, the indication  516  is separate from a mark that is being drawn on the touch-sensitive display and corresponds to a virtual “pen tip” or other element that indicates where a mark will be drawn on the touch-sensitive display. 
     In some embodiments, the indication  516  is displayed in accordance with the positional state of the stylus  203 . For example, in some circumstances, the indication  516  is displaced from the (x,y) position  504  (as shown in  FIGS.  5 A and  5 B ), and in other circumstances, the indication  516  is not displaced from the (x,y) position  504  (e.g., the indication  516  is displayed at or near the (x,y) position  504  when the tilt  512  is zero degrees). In some embodiments, the indication  516  is displayed, in accordance with the positional state of the stylus  203 , with varying color, size (or radius or area), opacity, and/or other characteristics. In some embodiments, the displayed indication accounts for thickness of a glass layer on the touch-sensitive display, so as to carry through the indication  516  “onto the pixels” of the touch-sensitive display, rather than displaying the indication  516  “on the glass” that covers the pixels. 
       FIG.  5 B  illustrates the stylus  203  relative to a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., the touch screen  112  of the electronic device  100 ) from a side viewpoint of the touch-sensitive surface, in accordance with some embodiments. In  FIG.  5 B , a z axis  594  points in a direction normal to the plane of the touch screen  112 , an x axis  590  is parallel to a first edge (e.g., a length) of the touch screen  112 , a y axis  592  is parallel to a second edge (e.g., a width) of the touch screen  112 , and the y axis  592  is perpendicular to the x axis  590 . 
       FIG.  5 B  illustrates the stylus  203  with the tilt  512 . In some embodiments, the tilt  512  is an angle relative to a normal (e.g., a normal  510 ) to a surface of the touch-sensitive surface (also called simply the normal to the touch-sensitive surface). As shown in  FIG.  5 B , the tilt  512  is zero when the stylus is perpendicular/normal to the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., when the stylus  203  is parallel to the normal  510 ) and the tilt  512  increases as the stylus  203  is tilted closer to being parallel to the touch-sensitive surface. 
     Further,  FIG.  5 B  illustrates the distance  514  of the stylus  203  relative to the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the distance  514  is the distance from the tip of stylus  203  to the touch-sensitive surface, in a direction normal to the touch-sensitive surface. For example, in  FIG.  5 B , the distance  514  is the distance from the tip of the stylus  203  to the (x,y) position  504 . 
     Although the terms, “x axis,” “y axis,” and “z axis,” are used herein to illustrate certain directions in particular figures, it will be understood that these terms do not refer to absolute directions. In other words, an “x axis” could be any respective axis, and a “y axis” could be a particular axis that is distinct from the x axis. Typically, the x axis is perpendicular to the y axis. Similarly, a “z axis” is distinct from the “x axis” and the “y axis,” and is typically perpendicular to both the “x axis” and the “y axis.” 
     Further,  FIG.  5 B  illustrates a roll  518 , a rotation about the length (long axis) of the stylus  203 . 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UP”) that are, optionally, implemented on a portable multifunction device  100 . 
       FIG.  6 A  illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu of applications on the portable multifunction device  100  in accordance with some embodiments. Similar user interfaces are, optionally, implemented on the electronic device  300 . In some embodiments, user interface  600  includes the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:
         Signal strength indicator(s)  602  for wireless communication(s), such as cellular and Wi-Fi signals;   Time  604 ;   BLUETOOTH indicator  605 ;   Battery status indicator  606 ;   Tray  608  with icons for frequently used applications, such as:
           Icon  616  for telephone module  138 , labeled “Phone,” which optionally includes an indicator  614  of the number of missed calls or voicemail messages;   Icon  618  for e-mail client module  140 , labeled “Mail,” which optionally includes an indicator  610  of the number of unread e-mails;   Icon  620  for browser module  147 , labeled “Browser;” and   Icon  622  for video and music player module  152 , also referred to as iPod® (trademark of Apple Inc.) module  152 , labeled “iPod;” and   
           Icons for other applications, such as:
           Icon  624  for IM module  141 , labeled “Messages;”   Icon  626  for calendar module  148 , labeled “Calendar;”   Icon  628  for image management module  144 , labeled “Photos;”   Icon  630  for camera module  143 , labeled “Camera;”   Icon  632  for online video module  155 , labeled “Video Editing;”   Icon  634  for stocks widget  149 - 2 , labeled “Stocks;”   Icon  636  for map module  154 , labeled “Map;”   Icon  638  for weather widget  149 - 1 , labeled “Weather;”   Icon  640  for alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , labeled “Clock;”   Icon  642  for workout support module  142 , labeled “Workout Support;”   Icon  644  for notes module  153 , labeled “Notes;” and   Icon  646  for a settings application or module, which provides access to settings for the electronic device  100  and its various applications  136 .   
               

     It should be noted that the icon labels illustrated in  FIG.  6 A  are merely examples. For example, in some embodiments, the icon  622  for the video and music player module  152  is labeled “Music” or “Music Player.” Other labels are, optionally, used for various application icons. In some embodiments, a label for a respective application icon includes a name of an application corresponding to the respective application icon. In some embodiments, a label for a particular application icon is distinct from a name of an application corresponding to the particular application icon. 
       FIG.  6 B  illustrates an exemplary user interface on an electronic device (e.g., the device  300 ,  FIG.  3   ) with a touch-sensitive surface  651  (e.g., a tablet or touchpad  355 ,  FIG.  3   ) that is separate from the display  650 . The device  300  also, optionally, includes one or more contact intensity sensors (e.g., the one or more sensors  359 ) for detecting intensity of contacts on the touch-sensitive surface  651  and/or one or more tactile output generators  357  for generating tactile outputs for a user of the device  300 . 
       FIG.  6 B  illustrates an exemplary user interface on an electronic device (e.g., the device  300 ,  FIG.  3   ) with a touch-sensitive surface  651  (e.g., a tablet or touchpad  355 ,  FIG.  3   ) that is separate from the display  650 . Although many of the examples that follow will be given with reference to inputs on the touch screen display  112  (where the touch-sensitive surface and the display are combined), in some embodiments, the electronic device  100  detects inputs on a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display, as shown in  FIG.  6 B . In some embodiments, the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., the touch-sensitive surface  651  in  FIG.  6 B ) has a primary axis (e.g., a primary axis  652  in  FIG.  6 B ) that corresponds to a primary axis (e.g., a primary axis  653  in  FIG.  6 B ) on the display (e.g., the  650 ). In accordance with these embodiments, the electronic device  100  detects contacts (e.g., contacts  660  and  662  in  FIG.  6 B ) with the touch-sensitive surface  651  at locations that correspond to respective locations on the display (e.g., in  FIG.  6 B , the contact  660  corresponds to a location  668  and the contact  662  corresponds to a location  670 ). In this way, user inputs (e.g., the contacts  660  and  662 , and movements thereof) detected by the electronic device  100  on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., the touch-sensitive surface  651  in  FIG.  6 B ) are used by the electronic device  100  to manipulate the user interface on the display (e.g., the display  650  in  FIG.  6 B ) of the electronic device  100  when the touch-sensitive surface is separate from the display. It should be understood that similar methods are, optionally, used for other user interfaces described herein. 
     Additionally, while the following examples are given primarily with reference to finger inputs (e.g., finger contacts, finger tap gestures, finger swipe gestures, etc.) and/or stylus inputs, it should be understood that, in some embodiments, one or more of the finger inputs are replaced with input from another input device (e.g., a mouse-based input). For example, a swipe gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click (e.g., instead of a contact) followed by movement of the cursor along the path of the swipe (e.g., instead of movement of the contact). As another example, a tap gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click while the cursor is located over the location of the tap gesture (e.g., instead of detection of the contact followed by ceasing to detect the contact). Similarly, when multiple user inputs are simultaneously detected, it should be understood that multiple computer mice are, optionally, used simultaneously, or a mouse and finger contacts (or stylus contacts) are, optionally, used simultaneously. 
     User Interfaces and Associated Processes 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) and associated processes that may be implemented on an electronic device, such as the portable multifunction device  100  in  FIG.  1    or the electronic device  300  in  FIG.  3   , with one or more input devices to detect various inputs (e.g., touch inputs, stylus inputs, mouse inputs, keyboard inputs, etc.) and a display device for manipulating a user interface based on the various inputs. 
       FIGS.  7 A- 7 BF  are examples of user interfaces for performing content manipulation operations in response to multi-finger gestures in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in  FIGS.  10 A- 10 E . Although some of the examples which follow will be given with reference to inputs on a touch-screen display (where the touch-sensitive surface and the display are combined, for example on the touch screen  112 ), in some embodiments, the electronic device  100  detects inputs on the touch-sensitive surface  651  that is separate from the display  650 , as shown in  FIG.  6 B . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  7 A , the electronic device  100  displays a first application interface  702  of a first application, such as a drawing application interface or a word processing application interface. The first application interface  702  includes a toolbar region  704  that may include a variety of affordances (e.g., drawing tools, editing functions, color pots) to facilitate content manipulation operations. For example, as illustrated in  FIG.  7 A , the toolbar region  704  includes a set of drawing tool affordances  704   a , a set of color pots  704   b , a text tool affordance  704   c , and an additional functions affordance  704   d  (e.g., share affordance, save affordance, etc.). One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the toolbar region  704  may include any number and types of affordances, arranged in any number of a variety of ways. 
     The set of drawing tool affordances  704   a  includes (from left-to-right) a pen affordance, a marker (e.g., highlighter) affordance, a pencil affordance, a ruler affordance, and a selection tool (e.g., lasso tool) affordance. As illustrated in  FIG.  7 A , the pencil is selected as the currently-selected drawing tool. An input directed to a particular drawing tool affordance sets the particular drawing tool as the currently-selected drawing tool. 
     The set of color pots  704   b  enables selection of the currently-selected color. As illustrated in  FIG.  7 A , black is the currently-selected color. An input directed to a particular color pot sets the corresponding color as currently-selected. 
     The text tool affordance  704   c  enables creation of text content within the first application interface  702 . For example, after selection of the text tool affordance  704   c , inputs directed to the first application interface  702  cause the electronic device  100  to display a text box for receiving a text string and then replace the text box with the text string. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  7 B- 7 H , the electronic device  100  displays various content on the first application interface  702  in response to receiving corresponding inputs. Namely, in response to receiving a first draw input  705  in  FIG.  7 B , the electronic device  100  displays a first mark  706  in  FIG.  7 C . Moreover, in response to receiving a second draw input  707  in  FIG.  7 D , the electronic device  100  displays a second mark  708  in  FIG.  7 E . As illustrated in  FIGS.  7 F and  7 G , based on an input  710  requesting selection of the text tool affordance  704   c , the electronic device  100  sets the text tool affordance  704   c  as the currently-selected tool. After setting the text tool as the currently-selected tool, in response to receiving a text string  712  (e.g., “I just drew two lines!”) directed to a text box  711  in  FIG.  7 G , the electronic device  100  displays the text string  712  in  FIG.  7 H . As illustrated in  FIGS.  7 I and  7 J , based on an input  714  requesting selection of the pencil affordance within the set of drawing tool affordances  704   a , the electronic device  100  sets the pencil as the currently-selected tool. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  7 K- 7 BF , the electronic device  100  performs various content manipulation operations based on multi-finger gestures in different directions. Although the multi-finger gestures in  FIGS.  7 K- 7 BF  correspond to three-finger gestures, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that some or all of the multi-finger gestures may differ according to some embodiments. Moreover, the relationship between a particular content manipulation operation and a respective direction of a multi-finger gesture may differ in some embodiments. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  7 K , the electronic device  100  detects a multi-finger tap input  718  including a first finger tap input  718   a , a second finger tap input  718   b , and a third finger tap input  718   c  associated with a hand  716  of a user. In some embodiments, the multi-finger tap input  718  corresponds to a single tap input. In some embodiments, the electronic device  100  detects the first finger tap input  718   a , the second finger tap input  718   b , and the third finger tap input  718   c  within a threshold amount of time of each other. In response to detecting the multi-finger tap input  718  in  FIG.  7 K , the electronic device  100  displays an interface  722  in  FIG.  7 L . The interface  722  includes a plurality of content manipulation operation affordances  722   a - 722   e  indicative of a corresponding plurality of content manipulation operations. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that, in some embodiments, the interface  722  includes fewer or additional content manipulation operation affordances. The electronic device  100  displays the interface  722  overlaid on the first mark  706  so the first mark  706  does not obscure the interface  722 . 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  7 M- 7 T , the electronic device  100  performs successive undo operations based on successive multi-finger gestures in a first direction. Although the first direction corresponds to substantially leftwards in  FIG.  7 M- 7 T , one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the first direction may correspond to other directions in other embodiments. As illustrated in  FIG.  7 M , the electronic device  100  detects a first multi-finger gesture  723  input in the (e.g., substantially) leftwards direction. The first multi-finger gesture  723  includes a first finger swipe input  723   a , a second finger swipe input  723   b , and a third finger swipe input  723   c.    
     The electronic device  100  determines that the first multi-finger gesture  723  includes more than a first predetermined amount of movement in the first direction. The first predetermined amount of movement corresponds to a distance between the origin point of a particular finger swipe and a first threshold line  729 , which is illustrated for purely explanatory purposes. In various embodiments, the first threshold line  729  corresponds to a threshold distance from one of the first finger swipe input  723   a , the second finger swipe input  723   b , or the third finger swipe input  723   c . For example, in some embodiments, the first predetermined amount of movement corresponds to a first distance  724   a  between the origin point of the first finger swipe input  723   a  and the first threshold line  729 , a second distance  724   b  between the origin point of the second finger swipe input  723   b  and the first threshold line  729 , a third distance  724   c  between the origin point of the third finger swipe input  723   c  and the first threshold line  729 , or a combination thereof. The first distance  724   a , the second distance  724   b , and the third distance  724   c  are illustrated for purely explanatory purposes. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  7 N and  7 O , as the first multi-finger gesture  723  proceeds towards its termination point, the electronic device  100  changes the appearance of the undo affordance  722   a . Namely, the electronic device  100  displays a color overlay  730  within the undo affordance  722   a . The size  730   a  of the color overlay  730  depends on how near the first multi-finger gesture  723  is to crossing the first threshold line  729 . As illustrated in  FIG.  7 N , because the first multi-finger gesture  723  is approximately halfway to crossing the first threshold line  729 , the size  730   a  of the color overlay  730  is approximately half the size of the undo affordance  722   a . In various embodiments, rather than changing the size  730   a  of the color overlay  730  depending on how near the first multi-finger gesture  723  is to crossing the first threshold line  729 , the electronic device changes a color (or transparency) of the color overlay  730  (e.g., from light to dark) as the first multi-finger gesture  723  approaches crossing the first threshold line  729 . 
     In response to detecting that the first multi-finger gesture  723  crosses the first threshold line  729 , the electronic device  100  performs the undo operation on the most recently created content (e.g., removes the text string  712 ) as illustrated in  FIG.  7 O . Moreover, as illustrated in  FIG.  7 O , because the first multi-finger gesture  723  has crossed the first threshold line  729 , the size  730   a  of the color overlay  730  is the same as the size of the undo affordance  722   a . Thus, the color overlay  730  completely covers the undo affordance  722   a.    
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  7 P and  7 Q , in response to the electronic device  100  ceasing to detect the first multi-finger gesture  723 , the electronic device  100  maintains displaying the interface  722  for a threshold amount of time and thereafter ceases to display the interface  722 . Maintaining the interface  722  enables the electronic device  100  to detect inputs directed to the interface  722  requesting corresponding content manipulation operations, which will be described below. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  7 R , the electronic device  100  detects a second multi-finger gesture  732  in the (e.g., substantially) leftwards direction. The second multi-finger gesture  732  includes a first finger swipe input  732   a , a second finger swipe input  732   b , and a third finger swipe input  732   c . The second multi-finger gesture  732  includes more than the first predetermined amount of movement in the first direction. Namely, each of the first finger swipe input  732   a , the second finger swipe input  732   b , and the third finger swipe input  732   c  crosses the first threshold line  729 . 
     Notably, in contrast to the sequence described above with reference to  FIGS.  7 K- 7 O , the electronic device  100  does not detect a tap input prior to detecting the second multi-finger gesture  732 . Accordingly, the electronic device  100  does not display the interface  722 . Instead, in response to detecting the second multi-finger gesture  732  in  FIG.  7 R , the electronic device  100  displays an undo indicator  736  that is indicative of the undo operation in  FIG.  7 S . The electronic device  100  displays a color overlay  737  within the undo indicator  736 , wherein the size  737   a  of the color overlay  737  is based on how near the second multi-finger gesture  732  is to crossing the first threshold line  729 . Because, as illustrated in  FIG.  7 S , the second multi-finger gesture  732  is approximately halfway to the first threshold line  729 , the size  737   a  of the color indicator  737  is approximately half the size of the undo indicator  736 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  7 T , in response to detecting the second multi-finger gesture  732  cross the first threshold line  729 , the electronic device  100  performs an undo operation on the second mark  708  (e.g., removes the second mark  708 ). Moreover, the size  737   a  of the color overlay  737  is the same as the size the undo indicator  736  because the second multi-finger gesture  732  has crossed the first threshold line  729 . 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  7 U- 7 W , the electronic device  100  performs a redo operation based on a third multi-finger gesture  738  in a second direction (e.g., rightwards) that is different from (e.g., the opposite of) the first direction (e.g., leftwards) described above with reference to  FIGS.  7 M- 7 T . Although the second direction corresponds to substantially rightwards in  FIG.  7 U- 7 W , one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the second direction may correspond to other directions in other embodiments. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  7 U , the electronic device  100  detects the third multi-finger gesture  738  in the (e.g., substantially) rightwards direction. The third multi-finger gesture  738  includes a first finger swipe input  738   a , a second finger swipe input  738   b , and a third finger swipe input  738   c . The electronic device  100  determines that the third multi-finger gesture  738  includes more than the first predetermined amount of movement in the second direction. The first predetermined amount of movement corresponds to a distance between the origin point of a particular finger swipe and a second threshold line  744 , which is illustrated for purely explanatory purposes. In various embodiments, the second threshold line  744  corresponds to a threshold distance from one of the first finger swipe input  738   a , the second finger swipe input  738   b , or the third finger swipe input  738   c . For example, in some embodiments, the first predetermined amount of movement corresponds to the first distance  724   a  between the origin point of the first finger swipe input  738   a  and the second threshold line  744 , the second distance  724   b  between the origin point of the second finger swipe input  738   b  and the second threshold line  744 , the third distance  724   c  between the origin point of the third finger swipe input  738   c  and the second threshold line  744 , or a combination thereof. 
     In response to detecting the third multi-finger gesture  738  in  FIG.  7 U , the electronic device  100  displays a redo indicator  745  that is indicative of the redo operation, as is illustrated in  FIG.  7 V . The electronic device  100  displays a color overlay  746  within the redo indicator  745 , wherein the size  746   a  of the color overlay  746  is based on how near the third multi-finger gesture  738  is to crossing the second threshold line  744 . Because, as illustrated in  FIG.  7 V , the third multi-finger gesture  738  is approximately halfway to crossing the second threshold line  744 , the size  746   a  of the color overlay  746  is approximately half the size of the redo indicator  745 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  7 W , in response to detecting the third multi-finger gesture  738  cross the second threshold line  744 , the electronic device  100  performs a redo operation on the second mark  708  (e.g., redisplays the second mark  708 ). Moreover, the size  746   a  of the color overlay  746  is the same as the size of the redo indicator  745  because the third multi-finger gesture  738  has crossed the second threshold line  744 . 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  7 X- 7 Z , the electronic device  100  foregoes performing another redo operation based on a fourth multi-finger gesture  748  in the second direction because the fourth multi-finger gesture  748  does not cross the second threshold line  744 . As illustrated in  FIG.  7 X , the fourth multi-finger gesture  748  includes a first finger swipe input  748   a , a second finger swipe input  748   b , and a third finger swipe input  748   c . In response to detecting the fourth multi-finger gesture  748  in  FIG.  7 X , the electronic device  100  displays the redo indicator  745  that is indicative of the redo operation, as is illustrated in  FIG.  7 Y . The electronic device  100  displays the color overlay  746  within the redo indicator  745 , wherein the size  746   a  of the color overlay  746  is based on how near the fourth multi-finger gesture  748  is to crossing the second threshold line  744 . Because, as illustrated in  FIG.  7 Y , the fourth multi-finger gesture  748  is approximately halfway to crossing the second threshold line  744 , the size  746   a  of the color overlay  746  is approximately half the size of the redo indicator  745 . 
     In response to determining that the termination point of the fourth multi-finger gesture  748  is not beyond the second threshold line  744 , the electronic device  100  foregoes performing a redo operation. Namely, as illustrated in  FIG.  7 Z , the electronic device  100  does not redo the previous undo operation that was performed on the text string  712  described, above, with reference to  FIGS.  7 M- 7 O . 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  7 AA- 7 AD , the electronic device  100  performs successive undo operations based on successive multi-finger tap inputs. As illustrated in  FIG.  7 AA , the electronic device  100  detects a first multi-finger tap input  751  including a first finger tap input  751   a , a second finger tap input  751   b , and a third finger tap input  751   c . In some embodiments, as contrasted with a multi-finger single tap input  718  in  FIG.  7 K , the first multi-finger tap input  751  in  FIG.  7 AA  corresponds to a multi-finger double tap input. In response to detecting the first multi-finger tap input  751  in  FIG.  7 AA , the electronic device  100  performs an undo operation on (e.g., removes) the second mark  708 , as illustrated in  FIG.  7 AB . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  7 AC , the electronic device  100  detects a second multi-finger tap input  754  including a first finger tap input  754   a , a second finger tap input  754   b , and a third finger tap input  754   c . In some embodiments, the second multi-finger tap input  754  illustrated in  FIG.  7 AC  is similar to the first multi-finger tap input  754  illustrated in  FIG.  7 AA . In some embodiments, the electronic device detects the second multi-finger tap input  754  within a threshold amount of time after detecting the first multi-finger tap input  751 . In response to detecting the second multi-finger tap input  754  in  FIG.  7 AC , the electronic device  100  performs another undo operation on (e.g., removes) the first mark  706 , as illustrated in  FIG.  7 AD . 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  7 AE- 7 AJ , the electronic device  100  performs successive redo operations based on successive inputs directed to the redo affordance  722   e  within the interface  722 . As illustrated in  FIG.  7 AE , the electronic device  100  detects a multi-finger tap input  757 , such as a single tap input. The multi-finger tap input  757  includes a first finger tap input  757   a , a second finger tap input  757   b , and a third finger tap input  757   c.    
     In response to detecting the multi-finger tap input  757  in  FIG.  7 AE , the electronic device  100  displays the interface  722  including the content manipulation operation affordances  722   a - 722   e  in  FIG.  7 AF . As illustrated in  FIG.  7 AG , the electronic device  100  detects a first input  760  directed to the redo affordance  722   e . In response to detecting the first input  760  in  FIG.  7 AG , the electronic device  100  performs a redo operation on the first mark  706  by redisplaying the first mark  706 , as illustrated in  FIG.  7 AH . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  7 AI , the electronic device  100  detects a second input  761  directed to the redo affordance  722   e . In response to detecting the second input  761  in  FIG.  7 AI , the electronic device  100  performs another redo operation on the second mark  708  by redisplaying the second mark  708 , as illustrated in  FIG.  7 AJ . Moreover, in some embodiments, after a threshold amount of time since detecting an input (e.g., the second input  751 ), the electronic device  100  removes the interface  722 , as illustrated in  FIG.  7 AJ . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  7 AK , the electronic device  100  detects an input  762  directed to the selection tool affordance (e.g., the lasso tool affordance) of the set of drawing tool affordances  704   a . In response to detecting the input  762  in  FIG.  7 AK , the electronic device  100  sets the selection tool as the currently-selected tool, as is illustrated in  FIG.  7 AL . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  7 AM , the electronic device  100  detects a selection input  763  directed to (e.g., a canvas of) the first application interface  702 . The selection input  763  selects (e.g., encloses) the second mark  708 . In response to detecting the selection input  763  in  FIG.  7 AM , the electronic device  100  selects a corresponding portion of the first application interface  702 , as indicated by the selection indictor  764  in  FIG.  7 AN . In some embodiments, the electronic device  100  displays the selection indicator  764  in order to provide an indication of the currently-selected region. In some embodiments, the electronic device  100  does not display the selection indicator  764 , in which case the selection indicator  764  is illustrated in  FIGS.  7 AN- 7 AP  for purely explanatory purposes. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  7 AO- 7 AQ , the electronic device  100  performs a cut operation based on a fifth multi-finger gesture  765 . As illustrated in  FIG.  7 AO , the electronic device  100  detects the fifth multi-finger gesture  765  in a third direction (e.g., substantially downwards) that is different from (e.g., perpendicular to) the first and second directions. The fifth multi-finger gesture  765  includes a first finger swipe input  765   a , a second finger swipe input  765   b , and a third finger swipe input  765   c . In some embodiments, the fifth multi-finger gesture  765  corresponds to a multi-finger multi-swipe input, such as two successive multi-finger swipes in the substantially downwards direction that the electronic device  100  detects within a threshold amount of time of each other. 
     The electronic device  100  determines that the fifth multi-finger gesture  765  includes more than the first predetermined amount of movement in the third direction. The first predetermined amount of movement corresponds to a distance between the origin point of a particular finger swipe and a third threshold line  771 , which is illustrated for purely explanatory purposes. In various embodiments, the third threshold line  771  corresponds to a threshold distance from one of the first finger swipe input  765   a , the second finger swipe input  765   b , or the third finger swipe input  765   c . For example, in some embodiments, the first predetermined amount of movement corresponds to the first distance  724   a  between the origin point of the first finger swipe input  765   a  and the third threshold line  771 , the second distance  724   b  between the origin point of the second finger swipe input  765   b  and the third threshold line  771 , the third distance  724   c  between the origin point of the third finger swipe input  756   c  and the third threshold line  771 , or a combination thereof. 
     In response to detecting the fifth multi-finger gesture  765  in  FIG.  7 AO , the electronic device  100  displays a cut indicator  772  that is indicative of the cut operation, as is illustrated in  FIG.  7 AP . The electronic device  100  displays a color overlay  773  within the cut indicator  772 , wherein the size  773   a  of the color overlay  773  is based on how near the fifth multi-finger gesture  765  is to crossing the third threshold line  771 . Because, as illustrated in  FIG.  7 AP , the fifth multi-finger gesture  765  is approximately halfway to crossing the third threshold line  771 , the size  773   a  of the color overlay  773  is approximately half the size of the cut indicator  772 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  7 AQ , in response to detecting the fifth multi-finger gesture  765  cross the third threshold line  771 , the electronic device  100  performs the cut operation on the selection indicated by the selection indicator  764 , which includes the second mark  708 . Moreover, the size  773   a  of the color overlay  773  is the same as the size of the cut indicator  772  because the fifth multi-finger gesture  765  has crossed the third threshold line  771 . 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  7 AR- 7 AT , the electronic device  100  performs a paste operation based on a sixth multi-finger gesture  774 . As illustrated in  FIG.  7 AR , the electronic device  100  detects the sixth multi-finger gesture  774  in a fourth direction (e.g., substantially upwards) that is different from the first, second, and third directions (and, e.g., opposite the third direction). The sixth multi-finger gesture  774  includes a first finger swipe input  774   a , a second finger swipe input  774   b , and a third finger swipe input  774   c.    
     The electronic device  100  determines that the sixth multi-finger gesture  774  includes more than the first predetermined amount of movement in the fourth direction. The first predetermined amount of movement corresponds to a distance between the origin point of a particular finger swipe and a fourth threshold line  780 , which is illustrated for purely explanatory purposes. In various embodiments, the fourth threshold line  780  corresponds to a threshold distance from one of the first finger swipe input  774   a , the second finger swipe input  774   b , or the third finger swipe input  774   c . For example, in some embodiments, the first predetermined amount of movement corresponds to the first distance  724   a  between the origin point of the first finger swipe input  774   a  and the fourth threshold line  780 , the second distance  724   b  between the origin point of the second finger swipe input  774   b  and the fourth threshold line  780 , the third distance  724   c  between the origin point of the third finger swipe input  774   c  and the fourth threshold line  780 , or a combination thereof. 
     In response to detecting the sixth multi-finger gesture  774  in  FIG.  7 AR , the electronic device  100  displays a paste indicator  781  that is indicative of the paste operation, as is illustrated in  FIG.  7 AS . The electronic device  100  displays a color overlay  782  within the paste indicator  781 , wherein the size  782   a  of the color overlay  782  is based on how near the sixth multi-finger gesture  774  is to crossing the fourth threshold line  780 . Because, as illustrated in  FIG.  7 AS , the sixth multi-finger gesture  774  is approximately halfway to crossing the fourth threshold line  780 , the size  782   a  of the color overlay  782  is approximately half the size of the paste indicator  781 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  7 AT , in response to detecting the sixth multi-finger gesture  774  cross the fourth threshold line  780 , the electronic device  100  performs a paste operation on the previously cut selection that includes the second mark  708 . Namely, as illustrated in  FIG.  7 AT , the electronic device  100  pastes (e.g., displays) a third mark  783  corresponding to the second mark  708 , but at a different location than the location of the second mark  708 . One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the electronic  100  may paste a particular selection at any location within the application interface  702 , including at the location of the cut content. Moreover, the size  782   a  of the color overlay  782  is the same as the size of the paste indicator  781  because the sixth multi-finger gesture  774  has crossed the fourth threshold line  780 . 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  7 AU- 7 AW , the electronic device  100  performs a copy operation based on a seventh multi-finger gesture  784 . As illustrated in  FIG.  7 AU , the electronic device  100  detects the seventh multi-finger gesture  784  in the third direction (e.g., substantially downwards). The seventh multi-finger gesture  784  includes a first finger swipe input  784   a , a second finger swipe input  784   b , and a third finger swipe input  784   c . In some embodiments, the seventh multi-finger gesture  784  corresponds to a multi-finger single swipe gesture. 
     The electronic device  100  determines that the seventh multi-finger gesture  784  includes more than the first predetermined amount of movement in the third direction. The first predetermined amount of movement corresponds to a distance between the origin point of a particular finger swipe and the third threshold line  771 , which is illustrated for purely explanatory purposes. For example, in some embodiments, the first predetermined amount of movement corresponds to the first distance  724   a  between the origin point of the first finger swipe input  784   a  and the third threshold line  771 , the second distance  724   b  between the origin point of the second finger swipe input  784   b  and the third threshold line  771 , the third distance  724   c  between the origin point of the third finger swipe input  784   c  and the third threshold line  771 , or a combination thereof. 
     In response to detecting the seventh multi-finger gesture  784  in  FIG.  7 AU , the electronic device  100  displays a copy indicator  787  that is indicative of the copy operation, as is illustrated in  FIG.  7 AV . The electronic device  100  displays a color overlay  788  within the copy indicator  787 , wherein the size  788   a  of the color overlay  788  is based on how near the seventh multi-finger gesture  784  is to crossing the third threshold line  771 . Because, as illustrated in  FIG.  7 AV , the seventh multi-finger gesture  784  is approximately halfway to crossing the third threshold line  771 , the size  788   a  of the color overlay  788  is approximately half the size of the copy indicator  787 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  7 AW , in response to detecting the seventh multi-finger gesture  784  cross the third threshold line  771 , the electronic device  100  performs a copy operation on the previously pasted content, corresponding to the selection including the third mark  783 . With reference to  FIG.  7 AW , the third mark  783  is changed to a dashed line in order to indicate that the electronic device  100  has copied the third mark  783 . One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that in some embodiments the electronic device  100  does not change the appearance of copied content and/or indicates a copy operation in a different way (e.g., by flashing the mouse cursor). Moreover, the size  788   a  of the color overlay  788  is the same as the size of the copy indicator  787  because the seventh multi-finger gesture  784  has crossed the third threshold line  771 . 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  7 AX- 7 AZ , the electronic device  100  performs another paste operation based on an eighth multi-finger gesture  789 . As illustrated in  FIG.  7 AX , the electronic device  100  detects the eighth multi-finger gesture  789  in the fourth direction (e.g., substantially upwards). The eighth multi-finger gesture  789  includes a first finger swipe input  789   a , a second finger swipe input  789   b , and a third finger swipe input  789   c . The electronic device  100  determines that the eighth multi-finger gesture  789  includes more than the first predetermined amount of movement in the fourth direction, such as described above with reference to  FIG.  7 AR . 
     In response to detecting the eighth multi-finger gesture  789  in  FIG.  7 AX , the electronic device  100  displays the paste indicator  781 , as is illustrated in  FIG.  7 AY . The electronic device  100  displays the color overlay  782  within the paste indicator  781 , wherein the size  782   a  of the color overlay  782  is based on how near the eighth multi-finger gesture  789  is to crossing the fourth threshold line  780 . Because, as illustrated in  FIG.  7 AY , the eighth multi-finger gesture  789  is approximately halfway to crossing the fourth threshold line  780 , the size  782   a  of the color overlay  782  is approximately half the size of the paste indicator  781 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  7 AZ , in response to detecting the eighth multi-finger gesture  789  cross the fourth threshold line  780 , the electronic device  100  performs a paste operation on the previously copied content that includes the third mark  783 . Namely, as illustrated in  FIG.  7 AZ , the electronic device  100  pastes (e.g., displays) a fourth mark  792  corresponding to the third mark  783 , but at a different location than the location of the third mark  783 . One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the electronic  100  may paste particular copied content at any location within the application interface  702 . Moreover, the size  782   a  of the color overlay  782  is the same as the size of the paste indicator  781  because the eighth multi-finger gesture  789  has crossed the fourth threshold line  780 . 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  7 BA- 7 BE , the electronic device  100  performs an undo operation with respect to a second application interface  793  of a second application. The second application interface  793  is different from the first application interface  702  illustrated in  FIGS.  7 A- 7 AZ . One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that a variety of content manipulation operations may be performed in addition to the undo operation, such as cut, copy, paste, and/or redo operations as described above with reference to the first application interface  702 . The second application interface  793  includes a drawing palette  795  that includes a variety of affordances to facilitate content manipulation operations. For example, as illustrated in  FIG.  7 BA , the drawing palette  795  includes an undo affordance  795   a , a redo affordance  795   b , a set of drawing tool affordances  795   c , a set of color pots  795   d , a text tool affordance  795   e , a shapes tool affordance  795   f , and an additional functions affordance  795   g . The text tool is the currently-selected tool, as indicated by the text tool affordance  795   e  having a distinguished appearance (e.g., gray-colored) from the remainder of the affordances. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the drawing palette  795  may include any number and types of affordances, arranged in any number of ways. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  7 BA , the second application interface  793  further includes content  794  corresponds to a list of grocery items, including “1) bananas”  794   a, “ 2) salmon”  794   b , and “3) apples”  794   c . As illustrated in  FIGS.  7 BB and  7 BC , in response to detecting a text entry input  796   a , the electronic device  100  displays additional content corresponding to text “4) bananas”  794   d . Notably, the first and fourth items on the grocery list correspond to the same item, “bananas.” 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  7 BD , the electronic device  100  detects a ninth multi-finger gesture  797  in the first (e.g., substantially leftwards) direction. The ninth multi-finger gesture  797  includes a first finger swipe input  797   a , a second finger swipe input  797   b , and a third finger swipe input  797   c . The ninth multi-finger gesture  797  includes more than the first predetermined amount of movement in the first direction. 
     In response to detecting the ninth multi-finger gesture  797  in  FIG.  7 BD , the electronic device  100  displays the undo indicator  736  that is indicative of the undo operation, as is illustrated in  FIG.  7 BE . The electronic device  100  displays the undo indicator  736  overlaid on the content  794  (e.g., overlaid on “Grocery List”) so the content  794  does not obscure the undo indicator  736 . The electronic device  100  displays the color overlay  737  within the undo indicator  736 , wherein the size  737   a  of the color overlay  737  is based on how near the ninth multi-finger gesture  797  is to crossing the first threshold line  729 . Because, as illustrated in  FIG.  7 BE , the ninth multi-finger gesture  797  is approximately halfway to the first threshold line  729 , the size  737   a  of the color overlay  737  is approximately half the size of the undo indicator  736 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  7 BF , in response to detecting the ninth multi-finger gesture  797  cross the first threshold line  729 , the electronic device  100  performs an undo operation on the last entered grocery list item, corresponding to “4) bananas”  794   d . Namely, the electronic device  100  ceases to display (e.g., removes) “4) bananas”  794   d  in  FIG.  7 BF . Moreover, the size  737   a  of the color overlay  737  is the same as the size of the undo indicator  736  because the ninth multi-finger gesture  797  has crossed the first threshold line  729 . 
       FIGS.  8 A- 8 AJ  are examples of user interfaces for performing partial and complete undo/redo operations in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in  FIGS.  11 A- 11 C . Although some of the examples which follow will be given with reference to inputs on a touch-screen display (where the touch-sensitive surface and the display are combined, for example on touch screen  112 ), in some embodiments, the electronic device  100  detects inputs on touch-sensitive surface  651  that is separate from display  650 , as shown in  FIG.  6 B . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  8 A , the electronic device  100  displays an application interface  802  associated with, for example, a drawing application or a word-processing application. The application interface  802  includes a toolbar region  804  that may include a variety of affordances (e.g., drawing tools, editing functions, color pots) to facilitate content manipulation operations. For example, as illustrated in  FIG.  8 A , the toolbar region  804  includes a set of drawing tool affordances  804   a , a set of color pots  804   b , a text tool affordance  804   c , and an additional functions affordance  804   d  (e.g., share affordance, save affordance, etc.). One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the toolbar region  804  may include any number and types of affordances, arranged in any number of a variety of ways. 
     The set of drawing tool affordances  804   a  includes (from left-to-right) a pen affordance, a marker (e.g., highlighter) affordance, a pencil affordance, a ruler affordance, and a selection tool (e.g., lasso tool) affordance. An input directed to a particular drawing tool affordance sets the particular drawing tool as the currently-selected drawing tool. 
     The set of color pots  804   b  enables selection of the currently-selected color. As illustrated in  FIG.  8 A , black is the currently-selected color. An input directed to a particular color pot sets the corresponding color as currently-selected. 
     The text tool affordance  804   c  enables creation of text content within the application interface  802 . As illustrated in  FIG.  8 A , the text tool is the currently-selected tool, as indicated by the text tool affordance  804   c  having a distinguished appearance (e.g., filled with gray color) relative to the remainder of the affordances. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  8 A and  8 B , the electronic device  100  detects a first content manipulation input  806  corresponding to entry of a first text string  806   a . In response to detecting the first content manipulation input  806  in  FIG.  8 B , the electronic device  100  displays the first text string  806   a  in  FIG.  8 C . 
     Moreover, in response to detecting the first content manipulation input  806 , the electronic device  100  displays a scrubber  808  in  FIG.  8 C . The scrubber  808  includes an undo last affordance  808   a - 1 , which, when selected, causes the electronic device  100  to perform an undo operation on the last performed content manipulation operation. Similarly, the scrubber  808  includes a redo last affordance  808   a - 2 , which, when selected, causes the electronic device  100  to perform a redo operation on the last performed undo operation. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that other embodiments include the last undo affordance  808   a - 1  and the last redo affordance  808   a - 2  arranged and/or positioned differently (e.g., relative to each other). In some embodiments, directly after opening the application associated with the application interface  802 , the electronic device  100  detects the first content manipulation input  806  and, in response, does not display the redo last affordance  808   a - 2  because the electronic device  100  has yet to perform an undo operation. The scrubber  808  further includes a first distinct undo affordance  808   c - 1  respectively associated with the first text string  806   a . The undo last affordance  808   a - 1  and the first distinct undo affordance  808   c - 1  are separated by a first partial undo operation region  808   b - 1 . The first partial undo operation region  808   b - 1  is associated with a first distance  809   a  that is indicative of a scope (e.g., magnitude) of the first text string  806   a.    
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  8 D and  8 E , the electronic device  100  detects a second content manipulation input  812  corresponding to entry of a second text string  812   a . In response to detecting the second content manipulation input  812  in  FIG.  8 D , the electronic device  100  displays the second text string  812   a  in  FIG.  8 E . Moreover, the electronic device  100  adds, to the scrubber  808 , a second distinct undo affordance  808   c - 2  respectively associated with the second text string  812   a , as illustrated in  FIG.  8 E . The first distinct undo affordance  808   c - 1  and the second distinct undo affordance  808   c - 2  are separated by a second partial undo operation region  808   b - 2 . The second partial undo operation region  808   b - 2  is associated with a second distance  809   b  that is indicative of a scope (e.g., magnitude) of the second text string  812   a . Notably, the second distance  809   b  is larger than the first distance  809   a  because the second content manipulation input  812  created more content (e.g., more text) than did the first content manipulation input  806 . 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  8 F and  8 G , in response to detecting an input  814  directed to the pencil tool affordance within the set of drawing tools  804   a , the electronic device  100  changes the currently-selected tool from the text tool to the pencil tool. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  8 H and  8 I , the electronic device  100  detects a third content manipulation input  816  corresponding to drawing a first side  818  of a triangle. In response to detecting the third content manipulation input  816  in  FIG.  8 H , the electronic device  100  displays the first side  818  of the triangle in  FIG.  8 I . Moreover, the electronic device  100  adds, to the scrubber  808 , a third distinct undo affordance  808   c - 3  respectively associated with the first side  818  of the triangle, as illustrated in  FIG.  8 I . The third distinct undo affordance  808   c - 3  and the second distinct undo affordance  808   c - 2  are separated by a third partial undo operation region  808   b - 3 . The third partial undo operation region  808   b - 3  is associated with a third distance  809   c  that is indicative of a scope (e.g., magnitude) of the first side  818  of the triangle. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  8 J and  8 K , the electronic device  100  detects a fourth content manipulation input  820  corresponding to drawing a second side  822  of a triangle. In response to detecting the fourth content manipulation input  820  in  FIG.  8 J , the electronic device  100  displays the second side  822  of the triangle in  FIG.  8 K . Moreover, the electronic device  100  adds, to the scrubber  808 , a fourth distinct undo affordance  808   c - 4  respectively associated with the second side  822  of the triangle, as illustrated in  FIG.  8 K . The fourth distinct undo affordance  808   c - 4  and the third distinct undo affordance  808   c - 3  are separated by a fourth partial undo operation region  808   b - 4 . The fourth partial undo operation region  808   b - 4  is associated with a fourth distance  809   d  that is indicative of a scope (e.g., magnitude) of the second side  822  of the triangle. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  8 L and  8 M , the electronic device  100  detects a fifth content manipulation input  824  corresponding to drawing a third side  826  of a triangle. In response to detecting the fifth content manipulation input  824  in  FIG.  8 L , the electronic device  100  displays the third side  826  of the triangle in  FIG.  8 M . Moreover, the electronic device  100  adds, to the scrubber  808 , a fifth distinct undo affordance  808   c - 5  respectively associated with the third side  826  of the triangle, as illustrated in  FIG.  8 M . The fifth distinct undo affordance  808   c - 5  and the fourth distinct undo affordance  808   c - 4  are separated by a fifth partial undo operation region  808   b - 5 . The fifth partial undo operation region  808   b - 5  is associated with a fifth distance  809   e  that is indicative of a scope (e.g., magnitude) of the third side  826  of the triangle. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  8 N , the electronic device  100  detects an input  828  directed to the fifth distinct undo affordance  808   c - 5 . In response to detecting the input  828  in  FIG.  8 N , the electronic device  100 , as illustrated in  FIG.  8 O , performs an undo operation on the third side  826  of the triangle that is associated with the fifth distinct undo affordance  808   c - 5 , without partially undoing any other group of operations associated with the other four distinct undo affordances  808   c - 1 - 808   c - 4 . Namely, the electronic device  100  removes the entirety of the third side  826  of the triangle in  FIG.  8 O . Additionally, the electronic device  100  removes the fifth distinct undo affordance  808   c - 5  from the scrubber  808  in order to indicate that undoing the third side  826  of the triangle is no longer available. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  8 P , the electronic device  100  detects a first gesture  830 . The first gesture  830  corresponds to a first movement input across the fourth partial undo operation region  808   b - 4  towards the third distinct undo affordance  808   c - 3 . In response to detecting the first gesture  830  in  FIG.  8 P , the electronic device  100  performs an undo operation on a portion of the second side  822  of the triangle based on a magnitude of the first gesture  830 , as illustrated in  FIG.  8 Q . The portion is less than the entirety of the second side  822  of the triangle. Namely, as illustrated in  FIG.  8 Q , because the magnitude (e.g., the termination point) of the first gesture  830  is approximately halfway across the fourth partial undo operation region  808   b - 4 , the electronic device  100  performs the undo operation on (e.g., removes) approximately half of the second side  822  of the triangle. Moreover, as illustrated in  FIG.  8 R , in response to detecting completion of the first gesture  830 , the electronic device  100  moves the fourth distinct undo affordance  808   c - 4  to a location that corresponds to the termination point of the first gesture  830 . Accordingly, as compared with  FIG.  8 Q , the fourth distance  809   d  is shortened in order to indicate the reduced length of the second side  822  of the triangle that resulted from the first gesture  830 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  8 S , the electronic device  100  detects a second gesture  832 . The second gesture  832  corresponds to a second movement input away from the fourth distinct undo affordance  808   c - 4 . Notably, in contrast to the first gesture  830  that is leftwards towards the undo last affordance  808   a - 1 , the second gesture  832  is rightwards towards the redo last affordance  808   a - 2 . In response to detecting the second gesture  832  in  FIG.  8 S , the electronic device  100  performs a redo operation on the previously undone portion of the second side  822  of the triangle, based on a magnitude of the second gesture  832 , as illustrated in  FIG.  8 T . Moreover, as illustrated in  FIG.  8 U , in response to detecting completion of the second gesture  832 , the electronic device  100  moves the fourth distinct undo affordance  808   c - 4  to a location that corresponds to the termination point of the second gesture  832 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  8 V , the electronic device  100  detects a third gesture  834  in the substantially leftwards direction. The third gesture  834  corresponds to a third movement input across the second partial undo operation region  808   b - 2  towards the first distinct undo affordance  808   c - 1 . In response to detecting the third gesture  834  in  FIG.  8 V , the electronic device  100  performs an undo operation on a portion of the second text string  812   a  based on a magnitude of the third gesture  834 . The portion is less than the entirety of the second text string  812   a . Namely, as illustrated in  FIGS.  8 W- 8 Y , as the third gesture  834  progresses towards its termination point, the electronic device  100  undoes (e.g., removes) progressively more of the second text string  812   a . In some embodiments, when the gesture has a relatively low magnitude (e.g., short swipe gesture), the electronic device  100  performs an undo or redo operation on a single character (e.g., letter, number, punctuation mark) of a text string, fewer than all the characters of a particular word of a text string, or fewer than all words in a particular sentence of a text string. In some embodiments, when the gesture has a relatively low magnitude, the electronic device  100  performs an undo or redo operation on less than the entirety of a drawn line. Accordingly, as compared with other electronic devices that perform an undo or redo operations on the entirety of content (e.g., undo or redo a complete sentence, a complete line, etc.), the electronic device  100  disclosed herein provides for greater control with respect to undo and redo operations. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  8 Z , the electronic device  100  detects a fourth gesture  836  without detecting a release of the third gesture  834 . The fourth gesture  836  is in the substantially rightwards direction and originates at the termination point of the third gesture  834 . In contrast to the example described with reference to  FIGS.  8 P- 8 R , because the electronic device  100  does not detect the release of the third gesture  834 , the electronic device  100  maintains the location of the second distinct undo affordance  808   c - 2  that is associated with the second text string  812   a . In response to detecting the fourth gesture  836  in  FIG.  8 Z , the electronic device  100  performs a redo operation on the previously undone portion of the second text string  812   a , as illustrated in  FIG.  8 AA . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  8 AB , the electronic device  100  detects an input  838  directed to the first distinct undo affordance  808   c - 1 . In response to detecting the input  838  in  FIG.  8 AB , the electronic device  100  performs a complete undo operation on the first text string  806   a  associated with the first distinct undo affordance  808   c - 1 . Moreover, in some embodiments, the electronic device  100  additionally performs respective complete undo operations on the sets of contents respectively associated with the second distinct undo affordance  808   c - 2  (e.g., the second text string  812   a ), the third distinct undo affordance  808   c - 3  (e.g., the first side  818  of the triangle), and the fourth distinct undo affordance  808   c - 4  (e.g., the second side  822  of the triangle). Accordingly, as illustrated in  FIG.  8 AC , the electronic device  100  performs an undo operation on (e.g., removes) all the content on the display. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  8 AD- 8 AI , in response to detecting successive inputs directed to the redo last affordance  808   a - 2 , the electronic device  100  performs successive complete redo operations. As illustrated in  FIG.  8 AD , the electronic device  100  detects a first input  840  directed to the redo last affordance  808   a - 2 . In response to detecting the first input  840  in  FIG.  8 AD , the electronic device  100  performs a redo operation on (e.g., displays) the second side  822  of the triangle in  FIG.  8 AE . Moreover, the electronic device  100  adds, to the scrubber  808 , the fourth distinct undo affordance  808   c - 4  that is associated with the second side  822  of the triangle. The fourth distinct undo affordance  808   c - 4  and the redo last undo affordance  808   a - 2  are separated by the fourth partial undo operation region  808   b - 4 . The fourth partial undo operation region  808   b - 4  is associated with the fourth distance  809   d  that is indicative of the scope (e.g., magnitude) of the second side  822  of the triangle. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  8 AF , the electronic device  100  detects a second input  842  directed to the redo last affordance  808   a - 2 . In response to detecting the second input  842  in  FIG.  8 AF , the electronic device  100  performs a redo operation on (e.g., displays) the first side  818  of the triangle in  FIG.  8 AG . Moreover, the electronic device  100  adds, to the scrubber  808 , the third distinct undo affordance  808   c - 3  that is associated with the first side  818  of the triangle. The third distinct undo affordance  808   c - 3  and the fourth distinct undo affordance  808   c - 4  are separated by the third partial undo operation region  808   b - 3 . The third partial undo operation region  808   b - 3  is associated with the third distance  809   c  that is indicative of the scope (e.g., magnitude) of the first side  818  of the triangle. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  8 AH , the electronic device  100  detects a third input  844  directed to the redo last affordance  808   a - 2 . In response to detecting the third input  844  in  FIG.  8 AH , the electronic device  100  performs a redo operation on (e.g., displays) the second text string  812   a  in  FIG.  8 AI . Moreover, the electronic device  100  adds, to the scrubber  808 , the second distinct undo affordance  808   c - 2  that is associated with the second text string  812   a . The second distinct undo affordance  808   c - 2  and the third distinct undo affordance  808   c - 3  are separated by the second partial undo operation region  808   b - 2 . The second partial undo operation region  808   b - 2  is associated with the second distance  809   b  that is indicative of the scope (e.g., magnitude) of the second text string  812   a . Moreover, as illustrated in  FIG.  8 AJ , in some embodiments, the electronic device  100  ceases to display the scrubber  808  after not detecting an input to the scrubber  808  for a threshold amount of time. 
       FIGS.  9 A- 9 K  are examples of user interfaces for performing partial and complete undo/redo operations based on multi-finger gestures in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in  FIGS.  11 A- 11 C . Although some of the examples which follow will be given with reference to inputs on a touch-screen display (where the touch-sensitive surface and the display are combined, for example on touch screen  112 ), in some embodiments, the electronic device  100  detects inputs on touch-sensitive surface  651  that is separate from display  650 , as shown in  FIG.  6 B . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  9 A , the electronic device  100  displays the application interface  802  including various content including the second text string  812   a , the first side  818  of the triangle, and the second side  822  of the triangle. The electronic device  100  displays this content as a result of performing successive redo operations, as described above with reference to  FIGS.  8 AD- 8 AI . Namely, the most recent redo operation corresponds to the second text string  812   a , the second most recent redo operation corresponds to the first side  818  of the triangle, and the third most recent redo operation corresponds to the second side  822  of the triangle. 
     As further illustrated in  FIG.  9 A , the electronic device  100  detects a first multi-finger gesture  902 . The first multi-finger gesture  902  includes a first finger swipe input  902   a , a second finger swipe input  902   b , and a third finger swipe input  902   c . The first multi-finger gesture  902  is in the substantially leftwards direction. Further details regarding multi-finger gestures are provided, above, with reference to  FIGS.  7 A- 7 BF . In response to detecting the first multi-finger gesture  902  in  FIG.  9 A , the electronic device  100  performs an undo operation on the second text string  812   a  because the electronic device  100  performed the most recent redo operation on the second text string  812   a . As illustrated in  FIGS.  9 B and  9 C , the electronic device  100  performs a partial undo operation on (e.g., removes a portion of) the second text string  812   a  as the first multi-finger gesture  902  proceeds towards its termination point. Moreover, as illustrated in  FIG.  9 C , the electronic device  100  moves the second distinct undo affordance  808   c - 2  in order to indicate the smaller second distance  809   b  resulting from the shortening of the second text string  812   a.    
     As illustrated in  FIG.  9 D , the electronic device  100  detects a second multi-finger gesture  906 . The second multi-finger gesture  906  includes a first finger swipe input  906   a , a second finger swipe input  906   b , and a third finger swipe input  906   c . In contrast to the first multi-finger gesture  902 , the second multi-finger gesture  906  is in the substantially rightwards direction. Moreover, the second multi-finger gesture  906  corresponds to a high-velocity gesture, such as a quick-drag of flick input. In response to detecting the second multi-finger gesture  906  in  FIG.  9 D , the electronic device  100  performs a redo operation on the second text string  812   a  in order to restore the entirety of the second text string  812   a , as illustrated in  FIG.  9 E . Although the second multi-finger gesture  906  moves a shorter distance than did the first multi-finger gesture  902 , the electronic device  100  redoes the entirety of the undo operation because the second multi-finger gesture  906  corresponds to a different gesture type. Namely, the second multi-finger gesture  906  corresponds to a higher-velocity gesture than the first multi-finger gesture  902 . Moreover, as illustrated in  FIG.  9 E , the electronic device  100  moves the second distinct undo affordance  808   c - 2  in order to indicate the larger second distance  809   b  resulting from the restoration of the second text string  812   a.    
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  9 F- 9 K , the electronic device  100  performs successive complete undo operations based on successive multi-finger flick gestures. As illustrated in  FIG.  9 F , the electronic device  100  detects a third multi-finger gesture  910  in the substantially leftwards direction. The third multi-finger gesture  910  includes a first finger flick input  910   a , a second finger flick input  910   b , and a third finger flick input  910   c . In response to detecting the third multi-finger gesture  910  in  FIG.  9 F , the electronic device  100  performs an undo operation on the entirety second of the text string  812   a  in  FIG.  9 G . Although the third multi-finger gesture  910  is associated with a smaller distance than the first multi-finger gesture  902 , the electronic device  100  nevertheless undoes more content because the electronic device  100  determines that the third multi-finger gesture  910  corresponds to a flick gesture. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the functionality of the flick gesture and the swipe gesture may be modified (e.g., reversed) according to some embodiments. Moreover, as illustrated in  FIG.  9 G , the electronic device  100  removes the second distinct undo affordance  808   c - 2  in order to indicate that the electronic device  100  has performed a complete undo operation on (e.g., completely erased) the associated second text string  812   a  and that a further undo operation on the second text string  812   a  is not available. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  9 H , the electronic device  100  detects a fourth multi-finger gesture  914  in the substantially leftwards direction. The fourth multi-finger gesture  914  corresponds to a flick gesture including a first finger flick input  914   a , a second finger flick input  914   b , and a third finger flick input  914   c . In response to detecting the fourth multi-finger gesture  914  in  FIG.  9 H , the electronic device  100  performs an undo operation on the entirety of the first side  818  of the triangle in  FIG.  9 I . Moreover, as illustrated in  FIG.  9 I , the electronic device  100  removes the third distinct undo affordance  808   c - 3  in order to indicate that the electronic device  100  has performed a complete undo operation on (e.g., completely erased) the associated first side  818  of the triangle and that a further undo operation on the first side  818  of the triangle is not available. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  9 J , the electronic device  100  detects a fifth multi-finger gesture  918  in the substantially leftwards direction. The fifth multi-finger gesture  918  corresponds to a flick gesture including a first finger flick input  918   a , a second finger flick input  918   b , and a third finger flick input  918   c . In response to detecting the fifth multi-finger gesture  918  in  FIG.  9 J , the electronic device  100  performs an undo operation on the entirety of the second side  822  of the triangle in  FIG.  9 K . Moreover, as illustrated in  FIG.  9 K , the electronic device  100  removes the fourth distinct undo affordance  808   c - 4  in order to indicate that the electronic device  100  has performed a complete undo operation on (e.g., completely erased) the associated second side  822  of the triangle and that a further undo operation on the second side  822  of the triangle is not available. 
       FIGS.  10 A- 10 E  is a flow diagram of a method  1000  for performing content manipulation operations in response to multi-finger gestures in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, the method  1000  is performed at an electronic device (e.g., the electronic device  300  in  FIG.  3   , or the portable multifunction device  100  in  FIG.  1 A ) with one or more processors, a non-transitory memory, an input device, and a display device. Some operations in the method  1000  are, optionally, combined and/or the order of some operations is, optionally, changed. 
     An electronic device performs different content manipulation operations based on the nature (e.g., direction, magnitude) of different multi-finger gestures. Accordingly, the electronic device saves processor and battery resources by not having to detect inputs that invoke and/or remove an editing interface that enables selection of corresponding content manipulation operations. Moreover, the electronic device being configured to perform different operations in response to the same multi-finger gesture reduces user interface clutter and provides an efficient mechanism to perform any of the operations, thus reducing the amount of user interaction with the electronic device to perform at least one of the operations. Reducing the amount of user interaction with the device reduces wear-and-tear of the device and, for battery powered devices, increases battery life of the device. In some embodiments, in response to detecting the multi-finger gesture, the electronic device displays an interface that indicates the nature of the multi-finger gesture and the electronic device ceases to display the interface after a threshold amount of time. Additionally, the electronic device provides a larger useable display by removing the interface after the threshold amount of time. 
     With respect to  FIG.  10 A , the electronic device displays ( 1002 ), via the display device, first content with respect to which a first plurality of editing operations have been performed. For example, the first plurality of editing operations includes content creation operations (e.g., type characters, draw a line, enter a value into a cell), content removal operations (e.g., backspace on typed text, eraser tool on drawn shape), content cut operations, content copy operations, content paste operations, and/or the like. As one example, with reference to  FIGS.  7 A- 7 H , the electronic device  100  displays various content (e.g.,  706 ,  708 , and  712 ) based on various types of inputs. 
     While displaying the first content, the electronic device detects ( 1004 ), on the touch-sensitive surface, a first multi-finger gesture. For example, the first multi-finger gesture corresponds to a multi-finger single tap, multi-finger double tap, multi-finger swipe, multi-finger flick, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the electronic device is configured to detect the first multi-finger gesture along one of a plurality of axes of movement. For example, the electronic device performs an undo operation in response to detecting a multi-finger double tap or a multi-finger swipe in a first direction and performs additional undo operations based on successive multi-finger double tap(s) or multi-finger swipe(s) in the first direction. As another example, the electronic device performs a redo operation in response to detecting a multi-finger swipe in a second direction that is different from (e.g., opposite to) the first direction and performs additional redo operations based on successive multi-finger swipe(s) in the second direction. As yet another example, the electronic device performs a copy operation in response to detecting a multi-finger swipe in a third direction that is different from (e.g., perpendicular to) the first and second directions. As yet another example, the electronic device performs a cut operation in response to detecting multiple multi-finger swipes in the third direction. As yet another example, the electronic device performs a paste operation in response to detecting a multiple multi-finger swipe in a fourth direction that is different from the first, second, and third directions, and, in some embodiments, opposite to the third direction. 
     In response to detecting the first multi-finger gesture: in accordance with a determination that the first multi-finger gesture includes more than a first predetermined amount of movement in a first direction, the electronic device undoes ( 1006 ) one of the first plurality of editing operations. For example, as illustrated in  FIGS.  7 M- 7 O , the electronic device  100  undoes the text string  712  in response to determining that the first multi-finger gesture  723  includes more than the first predetermined amount of movement (e.g., crosses the first threshold line  729 ) in a first (e.g., substantially leftwards) direction. 
     In some embodiments, after undoing one of the first plurality of editing operations in response to detecting the first multi-finger gesture, the electronic device detects ( 1008 ), on the touch-sensitive surface of the electronic device, a second multi-finger gesture. In response to determining that the second multi-finger gesture includes more than the first predetermined amount of movement in the first direction, the electronic device undoes ( 1008 ) another one of the first plurality of editing operations. Performing successive undo operations based on successive multi-finger gestures provides a more efficient user interface and reduces inputs that invoke and/or remove an interface (e.g., an undo stack) for selecting the undo operations. Reducing the number of inputs reduces wear-and-tear and battery usage of the electronic device. For example, the other one the first plurality of editing operations is successive to the one of the first plurality of editing operations. As one example, with reference to  FIGS.  7 M- 7 T , the electronic device  100  performs successive undo operations on the text string  712  and the second mark  708  based on successively detecting the first multi-finger gesture  723  and the second multi-finger gesture  732 . 
     In some embodiments, the electronic device detects ( 1010 ), on the touch-sensitive surface, a first multi-finger tap input a first amount of time after undoing the one or more of the first plurality of editing operations. In accordance with a determination that the first amount of time satisfies a threshold condition, the electronic device undoes ( 1010 ) another one of the first plurality of editing operations. In accordance with a determination that the first amount of time does not satisfy the threshold condition, the electronic device foregoes ( 1010 ) undoing another one of the first plurality of editing operations. Performing successive undo operations based on a multi-finger tap input provides a more efficient user interface and reduces inputs that invoke and/or remove an interface (e.g., an undo stack) for selecting the undo operations. Reducing the number of inputs reduces wear-and-tear and battery usage of the electronic device. Moreover, by foregoing performing an undo operation when the first amount of time does not satisfy the threshold condition, the electronic device  100  avoids performing erroneous undo operations. For example, the first amount of time satisfies the threshold condition when less than a threshold amount of time separates undoing the one or more of the first plurality of editing operations and detecting the first multi-finger tap input. As one example, after performing an undo operation on the second mark  708  based on the first multi-finger tap input  751  illustrated in  FIGS.  7 AA and  7 AB , the electronic device  100  performs another undo operation on the first mark  706  based on the second multi-finger tap input  754  illustrated in  FIGS.  7 AC and  7 AD . 
     In response to detecting the first multi-finger gesture: in accordance with a determination that the first multi-finger gesture includes more than the first predetermined amount of movement in a second direction that is different from the first direction, the electronic device redoes ( 1012 ) one of the first plurality of editing operations. For example, the second direction is substantially opposite to the first direction (e.g., left versus right or up versus down). As one example, in contrast to the substantially leftwards direction first multi-finger gesture  723  that results in an undo operation in  FIGS.  7 M- 7 O , the electronic device  100  performs a redo operation in response to detecting a substantially rightwards direction third multi-finger gesture  738 , as illustrated in  FIGS.  7 U- 7 W . 
     With reference to  FIG.  10 B , in some embodiments, while displaying the first content, the electronic device detects ( 1014 ), on the touch-sensitive surface, a tap input. In response to detecting the tap input, the electronic device displays ( 1014 ), via the display device, an interface including a plurality of content manipulation operation affordances indicative of a corresponding plurality of content manipulation operations. Displaying the interface with multiple content manipulation operation affordances reduces the number of inputs for opening different user interfaces including one or more of the multiple content manipulation operation affordances. Accordingly, the electronic device utilizes less processing resources, improving battery life of the electronic device. For example, the interface corresponds to a heads-up display (HUD). As another example, the plurality of content manipulation operations includes undo, redo, cut, copy, paste, etc. As yet another example, the interface includes a plurality of textual indications corresponding to the plurality of content manipulation operation, such as is illustrated in  FIGS.  7 L- 7 P . As yet another example, the tap input corresponds to a multi-finger tap input. As yet another example, the multi-finger tap input corresponds a multi-finger single tap input. In some embodiments, the electronic device deemphasizes (e.g., dims) one of more of the plurality of content manipulation operation affordances when the corresponding one or more content manipulation operations are unavailable. For example, the electronic device deemphasizes the undo affordance when a canvas is blank and thus there is nothing to undo and/or deemphasizes the paste affordance when no content has been cut, copied, or selected. In some embodiments, the electronic device removes the interface after a threshold amount of time has passed since detecting the multi-finger tap input, detecting subsequent multi-finger gesture(s), and/or detecting input(s) directed to the interface  722 . 
     As one example, in response to detecting the multi-finger tap input  718  in  FIG.  7 K , the electronic device  100  displays the interface  722  in  FIG.  7 L . As another example, the electronic device  100  removes the interface  722  in  FIG.  7 Q  in response to determining that a threshold amount of time has passed since detecting the completion of the first multi-finger gesture  723  in  FIG.  7 O . 
     In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the first multi-finger gesture is in the first direction, the electronic device changes ( 1016 ) the appearance of a first one of the plurality of content manipulation operation affordances that corresponds to an undo operation. In accordance with a determination that the first multi-finger gesture is in the second direction, the electronic device changes ( 1016 ) the appearance of a second one of the plurality of content manipulation operation affordances that corresponds to a redo operation. In accordance with a determination that the first multi-finger gesture is in the third direction, the electronic device changes ( 1016 ) the appearance of a third one of the plurality of content manipulation operation affordances that corresponds to a particular one of the plurality of content manipulation operations different from the undo operation and the redo operation. The third direction is different from the first direction and the second direction. Displaying the representation of an operation by changing the appearance of a corresponding content manipulation operation affordance provides feedback to the user, ensuring the operation is that intended by the user, reducing the likelihood of further user interaction to provide a different input. Reducing the amount of user interaction with the device reduces wear-and-tear of the electronic device and, for battery powered devices, increases battery life of the electronic device. For example, the electronic device changes the appearance of a content manipulation operation affordance by highlighting (e.g., changing color or pattern, shading in, increasing size, etc.) the content manipulation operation affordance. In some embodiments, the electronic device changes the appearance of the content manipulation operation affordance according to the magnitude of the corresponding multi-finger gesture, such as how near the corresponding multi-finger gesture is to crossing a respective threshold line. In some embodiments, the electronic device changes the appearance of the content manipulation operation affordance by distinguishing its appearance from the remainder of the plurality of content manipulation operation affordances. As one example, with reference to  FIGS.  7 M- 7 O , the electronic device  100  fills in the undo affordance  722   a  with a color overlay  730  according to the progression of the first multi-finger gesture  723 . Namely, the size  730   a  of the color overlay  730  depends on how near the first multi-finger gesture  723  is to crossing the first threshold line  729 . 
     In some embodiments, while displaying the interface: in response to detecting the first multi-finger gesture, in accordance with a determination that the first multi-finger gesture includes less than the first predetermined amount of movement, the electronic device maintains ( 1018 ) display of the user interface without performing any the plurality of content manipulation operations. By foregoing performing any the plurality of content manipulation operations, the electronic device save processing and battery resources. Moreover, by maintaining the interface, the electronic device enables subsequent inputs to be directed to the interface and/or enables displaying indications indicative of operations corresponding to subsequently detected multi-finger gestures. Accordingly, the electronic device provides a more efficient user interface. For example, the first multi-finger gesture includes less than the first predetermined amount of movement when a respective termination point of the first multi-finger gesture is not beyond a corresponding threshold line. 
     In some embodiments, the electronic device detects ( 1020 ), on the touch-sensitive surface of the electronic device, a first input directed to a respective one of the plurality of content manipulation operation affordances. In response to detecting the first input, the electronic device performs ( 1020 ) a content manipulation operation corresponding to the respective one of the plurality of content manipulation operation affordances. Displaying the interface with multiple content manipulation operation affordances reduces the number of inputs for opening different user interfaces including one or more of the multiple content manipulation operation affordances. Accordingly, the electronic device utilizes less processing resources, improving battery life of the electronic device. In some embodiments, in response to detecting the first input for more than a threshold amount of time, the electronic device performs another of the same operation (e.g., repeatedly or continuously performs operations). In some embodiments, in response to detecting a second input directed to the respective one of the plurality of content manipulation operation affordances within a threshold amount of time after detecting the first input, the electronic device performs another of the same operation. As one example, with reference to  FIGS.  7 AF- 7 AJ , the electronic device  100  performs successive redo operations in response to detecting the first input  760  directed to the redo affordance  722   e  and subsequently detecting the second input  761  directed to the redo affordance  722   e  within a threshold amount of time. 
     In some embodiments, the electronic device detects ( 1022 ) on the touch-sensitive surface of the electronic device, a drag input directed to an undo affordance of the plurality of content manipulation operation affordances. In response to detecting the drag input, the electronic device partially undoes ( 1022 ) a particular one of the first plurality of editing operations without undoing any other of the first plurality of editing operations. By performing a partial undo, the electronic device avoids detecting multiple deletion inputs, such as detecting multiple deletion inputs each removing a single character. Accordingly, the electronic device expends fewer processing and battery resources. As one example, in response to detecting a first gesture  830  in  FIG.  8 P , the electronic device  100  performs a partial undo operation on (e.g., erases a portion of) the second side  822  of the triangle in  FIG.  8 Q . In some embodiments, the electronic device  100  performs similar functionality in response to detecting a drag input directed to a particular content manipulation operation affordance within interface  722 . 
     With reference to  FIG.  10 C , in some embodiments, while displaying the first content, the electronic device detects ( 1024 ), on the touch-sensitive surface, a single-finger single tap input. In response to detecting the single-finger single-tap input, the electronic device performs ( 1024 ) a particular operation different from an undo operation or a redo operation. By performing the particular operation based on detecting the single-finger single tap input, the electronic device avoids performing an erroneous undo or redo operation, resulting in a more efficient user interface. For example, inputs for resolving erroneous undo/redo operations are reduced, thereby reducing wear-and-tear and battery usage of the electronic device. In some embodiments, the particular operation corresponds to placing a cursor or activating an affordance. 
     In some embodiments, while displaying the first content, the electronic device detects ( 1026 ), on the touch-sensitive surface, a single-finger double tap input. In response to detecting the single-finger double tap input, the electronic device performs ( 1026 ) a particular operation different from an undo operation or a redo operation. By performing the particular operation based on detecting the single-finger double tap, the electronic device avoids performing an erroneous undo or redo operation, resulting in a more efficient user interface. For example, inputs for resolving erroneous undo/redo operations are reduced, thereby reducing wear-and-tear and battery usage of the electronic device. In some embodiments, the particular operation corresponds to selecting content. 
     In some embodiments, while displaying the first content, the electronic device detects ( 1028 ), on the touch-sensitive surface, a single-finger swipe input. In response to detecting the single-finger swipe input, the electronic device performs ( 1028 ) a particular operation different from an undo operation or a redo operation. By performing the particular operation based on detecting the single-finger swipe input, the electronic device avoids performing an erroneous undo or redo operation, resulting in a more efficient user interface. For example, inputs for resolving erroneous undo/redo operations are reduced, thereby reducing wear-and-tear and battery usage of the electronic device. In some embodiments, the particular operation corresponds to one of scrolling content up, down, left, or right. In some embodiments, the particular operation corresponds to drawing or erasing a mark. In some embodiments, the particular operation corresponds to placing a shape on the canvas. 
     In some embodiments, while displaying the first content, the electronic device detects ( 1030 ), on the touch-sensitive surface, a second multi-finger gesture, wherein the second multi-finger gesture is associated with more than a threshold number of fingers associated with the first multi-finger gesture. In response to detecting the second multi-finger gesture, the electronic device performs ( 1030 ) a particular operation different from an undo operation or a redo operation. By performing the particular operation based on detecting the second multi-finger gesture, the electronic device avoids performing an erroneous undo or redo operation, resulting in a more efficient user interface. For example, inputs for resolving erroneous undo/redo operations are reduced, thereby reducing wear-and-tear and battery usage of the electronic device. For example, the second multi-finger gesture corresponds to a four-finger gesture. In some embodiments, the particular operation corresponds to requesting to go to a home screen or switching to another application. 
     With reference to  FIG.  10 D , in some embodiments, the first multi-finger gesture is ( 1032 ) detected within a first application interface of a first application. For example, the first application interface is a canvas of a drawing application, a page of a word editing application, a spreadsheet editing application, etc. As one example, with reference to  FIGS.  7 A- 7 AZ , the electronic device  100  detects, on the touch-sensitive surface, various multi-finger gestures directed to within the first application interface  702 . 
     In some embodiments, the electronic device detects ( 1034 ), on the touch-sensitive surface of the electronic device, a second multi-finger gesture within a second application interface of a second application that is different from the first application, wherein the second application interface includes second content with respect to which a second plurality of editing operations have been performed. In response to detecting the second multi-finger gesture: in accordance with a determination that the second multi-finger gesture includes more than the first predetermined amount of movement in the first direction, the electronic device undoes ( 1034 ) one of the second plurality of editing operations; and in accordance with a determination that the second multi-finger gesture includes more than the first predetermined amount of movement in the second direction, the electronic device redoes ( 1034 ) one of the second plurality of editing operations. By performing the same or similar operations with respect to different application interfaces (e.g., global gestures), the electronic device need not provide different mechanisms for performing undo/redo operations with respect to different application interfaces. Accordingly, the electronic device saves processing and storage resources. In some embodiments, the first application interface is concurrently displayed with the second application interface. In some embodiments the first application interface is replaced by the second application interface in response to a sequence of one or more inputs, such as in response to a request to switch between applications or a request to close the first application followed by a request to open the second application. In some embodiments, the first application interface is associated with a first application that is different from a second application associated with the second application interface. In some embodiments, the first and second application interfaces are associated with the same application, such as the first application interface corresponding to a first instance (e.g., first application window) of a particular drawing application and the second application interface corresponding to a second instance (e.g., second application window) of the particular drawing application. 
     As one example, with reference to  FIGS.  7 BD- 7 BF , the electronic device  100  performs an undo operation, with respect to the second application interface  793 , in response to detecting the ninth multi-finger gesture  797  in the substantially leftwards direction that crosses the first threshold line  729 . Likewise, with reference to  FIGS.  7 M- 7 O , the electronic device  100  performs an undo operation, with respect to the first application interface  702  that is different from the second application interface  793 , in response to detecting the first multi-finger gesture  723  that is also in the substantially leftwards direction and that also crosses the first threshold line  729 . 
     In some embodiments, in response to detecting the first multi-finger gesture, in accordance with a determination that the first multi-finger gesture includes more than the first predetermined amount of movement in a third direction that is different from the first direction and the second direction, the electronic device copies ( 1036 ) selected first content. Performing a copy operation based on the first multi-finger gesture provides a more efficient user interface and reduces inputs that invoke and/or remove an interface for selecting the copy operation. Reducing the number of inputs reduces wear-and-tear and battery usage of the electronic device. For example, the first multi-finger gesture corresponds to a multi-finger single swipe, such as a single multi-finger swipe in a substantially downward direction. As one example, with reference to  FIGS.  7 AU- 7 AW , the electronic device  100  performs a copy operation on selected content including the third mark  783  in response to detecting the seventh multi-finger gesture  784  in the substantially downwards direction. 
     In some embodiments, in response to detecting the first multi-finger gesture, in accordance with a determination that the first multi-finger gesture includes more than the first predetermined amount of movement in a fourth direction that is different from the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction, the electronic device pastes ( 1038 ) previously selected first content. Performing a paste operation based on the first multi-finger gesture provides a more efficient user interface and reduces inputs that invoke and/or remove an interface for selecting the paste operation. Reducing the number of inputs reduces wear-and-tear and battery usage of the electronic device. For example, the first multi-finger gesture corresponds to a multi-finger swipe in a substantially upwards direction. As one example, with reference to  FIGS.  7 AX- 7 AZ , the electronic device  100  performs a paste operation on copied content including the third mark  783  (e.g., displays the fourth mark  792 ) in response to detecting the eighth multi-finger gesture  789  in the substantially upwards direction. 
     In some embodiments, in response to detecting the first multi-finger gesture, in accordance with a determination that the first multi-finger gesture includes more than a predetermined number of multi-finger tap inputs, the electronic device undoes ( 1040 ) one or more of the first plurality of operation. Performing one or more undo operations based on the first multi-finger gesture provides a more efficient user interface and reduces inputs that invoke and/or remove an interface for selecting the undo operation(s). Reducing the number of inputs reduces wear-and-tear and battery usage of the electronic device. For example, the first multi-finger gesture corresponds to a multi-finger double tap gesture. In some embodiments, the electronic device performs successive undo operations based on successive multi-finger tap inputs. As one example, with reference to  FIGS.  7 AA- 7 AD , the electronic device  100  performs two successive undo operations on the second mark  708  and the first mark  706  in response to detecting successive multi-finger tap inputs  751  and  754 . 
     With reference to  FIG.  10 E , in some embodiments, in response to detecting the first multi-finger gesture: in accordance with a determination that the first multi-finger gesture includes more than a second predetermined amount of movement in the first direction, the electronic device undoes ( 1042 ) another one of the first plurality of editing operations. The second predetermined amount of movement in the first direction is larger than the first predetermined amount of movement in the first direction. Performing another undo operation based on the first multi-finger gesture provides a more efficient user interface and reduces inputs that invoke and/or remove an interface for selecting the additional undo operation. Reducing the number of inputs reduces wear-and-tear and battery usage of the electronic device. For example, in response to determining that the first multi-finger gesture corresponds to a substantially leftwards multi-finger swipe that terminates a certain amount beyond a first threshold (e.g., the first threshold line  729  in  FIGS.  7 M- 7 O ), the electronic device performs two undo operations on two corresponding content items (e.g., the text string  712  and the second mark  708  in  FIGS.  7 M- 7 O ). 
     In some embodiments, in response to detecting the first multi-finger gesture: in accordance with the determination that the first multi-finger gesture includes more than the first predetermined amount of movement in the first direction, the electronic device displays ( 1044 ) an undo indicator indicative of an undo operation. Displaying the undo indicator provides feedback to the user, ensuring the operation is that intended by the user, reducing the likelihood of further user interaction to provide a different input. Reducing the amount of user interaction with the device reduces wear-and-tear of the electronic device and, for battery powered devices, increases battery life of the electronic device. Moreover, in some embodiments, the electronic device displays the undo indicator in response to detecting the first multi-finger gesture and independent of detecting a preceding multi-finger tap input. Accordingly, the electronic device provides an indication of the current operation based on fewer user inputs, resulting in less utilization of the processor and battery. For example, the undo indicator includes the text “undo.” As another example, the electronic device emphasizes (e.g., fills in) the undo indicator as the first multi-finger gesture proceeds. As one example, with reference to  FIGS.  7 R- 7 T , in response to detecting the second multi-finger gesture  732 , the electronic device  100  displays the undo indicator  736 , and the electronic device  100  displays the color overlay  737  within the undo indicator  736  having the size  737   a  according to the current location of the second multi-finger gesture  732 . 
     In some embodiments, in response to detecting the first multi-finger gesture: in accordance with a determination that the first multi-finger gesture includes more than a second predetermined amount of movement in the second direction, the electronic device redoes ( 1046 ) another one of the first plurality of editing operations. The second predetermined amount of movement in the first direction is larger than the first predetermined amount of movement in the first direction. Performing another redo operation based on the first multi-finger gesture provides a more efficient user interface and reduces inputs that invoke and/or remove an interface for selecting the additional undo operation. Reducing the number of inputs reduces wear-and-tear and battery usage of the electronic device. For example, in response to determining that the first multi-finger gesture corresponds to a substantially rightwards multi-finger swipe that terminates a certain amount beyond a threshold line (e.g., the second threshold line  744  in  FIGS.  7 U- 7 W ), the electronic device performs two redo operations on two corresponding content items (e.g., the second mark  708  and the text string  712 ). 
     In some embodiments, in response to detecting the first multi-finger gesture: in accordance with the determination that the first multi-finger gesture includes more than the first predetermined amount of movement in the second direction, the electronic device displays ( 1048 ) a redo indicator indicative of a redo operation. Displaying the redo indicator provides feedback to the user, ensuring the operation is that intended by the user, reducing the likelihood of further user interaction to provide a different input. Reducing the amount of user interaction with the device reduces wear-and-tear of the electronic device and, for battery powered devices, increases battery life of the electronic device. Moreover, in some embodiments, the electronic device displays the redo indicator in response to detecting the first multi-finger gesture and independent of detecting a preceding multi-finger tap input. Accordingly, the electronic device provides an indication of the current operation based on fewer user inputs, resulting in less utilization of the processor and battery. For example, the redo indicator includes the text “redo.” As another example, the electronic device emphasizes (e.g., highlights) the redo indicator as the first multi-finger gesture proceeds. As one example, with reference to  FIGS.  7 U- 7 W , in response to detecting the third multi-finger gesture  738 , the electronic device  100  displays the redo indicator  745 , and the electronic device  100  displays the color overlay  746  within the redo indicator  745  having the size  746   a  according to the current location of the third multi-finger gesture  738 . 
       FIGS.  11 A- 11 C  is a flow diagram of a method  1100  for performing undo and redo operations in response to various inputs in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, the method  1100  is performed at an electronic device (e.g., the electronic device  300  in  FIG.  3   , or the portable multifunction device  100  in  FIG.  1 A ) with one or more processors, a non-transitory memory, an input device, and a display device. Some operations in the method  1100  are, optionally, combined and/or the order of some operations is, optionally, changed. 
     An electronic device performs complete or partial undo or redo operations, based on the nature of a detected gesture input. Accordingly, the electronic device need not detect multiple deletion inputs that cause the electronic device to perform a partial undo operation or detect multiple content-creation inputs that cause the electronic device to perform a partial redo operation. Because the electronic device detects fewer inputs, the electronic device expends fewer processing and battery resources and experiences less wear-and-tear. Moreover, the electronic device being configured to perform complete and partial undo/redo operations based on the same gesture input reduces user interface clutter and provides an efficient mechanism to perform any of the operations, thus reducing the amount of user interaction with the electronic device to perform at least one of the operations. Reducing the amount of user interaction with the device reduces wear-and-tear of the device and, for battery powered devices, increases battery life of the device. 
     With reference to  FIG.  11 A , the electronic device displays ( 1102 ), via the display device, content with respect to which editing operations have been performed, wherein the editing operations include a plurality of groups of operations that include one or more operations, and wherein two or more groups of the plurality of groups of operations include a plurality of editing operations. As one example, with reference to  FIG.  8 M , the electronic device  100  displays various pieces of content (e.g., the first text string  806   a , the second text string  812   a , the first side  818  of the triangle, the second side  822  of the triangle, and the third side  826  of the triangle), wherein each piece of content is associated with a corresponding editing operation illustrated in  FIGS.  8 B- 8 L . 
     In some embodiments, the input device corresponds ( 1104 ) to a touch-sensitive sensor associated with a touch-sensitive surface of the electronic device, and a first gesture is detected on the touch-sensitive surface. The touch-sensitive sensor enables the electronic device to detect complex inputs (e.g., different gesture types) without the need for an external input device, such as an external mouse or keyboard, resulting in a more efficient user interface. For example, the first gesture is a touch gesture (e.g., swipe, flick). As another example, the first gesture is a stylus movement input, such as a stylus drag. As one example, with reference to  FIGS.  8 O and  8 P , the electronic device  100  detects, on the touch-sensitive surface of the electronic device  100 , the first gesture  830  directed to the scrubber  808 . 
     In some embodiments, while displaying the content, the electronic device displays ( 1106 ), via the display device, a scrubber including a plurality of distinct undo affordances respectively associated with the plurality of groups of operations. A first one and a second one of the plurality of distinct undo affordances are separated by a partial undo operation region. The first one and the second one of the plurality of distinct affordances are respectively associated with a corresponding first one and a corresponding second one of the plurality of groups of operations. By displaying the scrubber with multiple distinct undo affordances, the electronic device need not detect inputs that open different user interfaces including one or more of the multiple distinct undo affordances. Accordingly, the electronic device utilizes less processing resources, improving battery life of the electronic device. For example, the distance between the first one and a second one of the plurality of distinct undo affordances indicates the scope of the second undo operation. A larger distance indicates that the second undo operation is associated with a greater scope (e.g., more letters removed, more sides of a shape removed, etc.), and vice versa. As another example, each of the plurality of distinct undo affordances has a different appearance, such as a different color, size, shape, etc., as compared with a corresponding partial undo operation region. As another example, a particular distinct undo affordance corresponds to a vertical line that demarcates abutting partial undo operation regions. In some embodiments, the first one of the plurality of distinct undo affordances is the rightmost distinct undo affordances within the scrubber. In some embodiments, the second one of the plurality of distinct undo affordances is the second from the right within the scrubber. In some embodiments, the corresponding first one and the corresponding second one of the plurality of groups of operations are successive to each other. 
     As one example, with reference to  FIG.  8 C , the first distance  809   a  between the first distinct undo affordance  808   c - 1  and the undo last affordance  808   a - 1  indicates the scope of the first text string  806   a  associated with the first distinct undo affordance  808   c - 1 . By contrast, as another example, with reference to  FIG.  8 E , the distance  809   b  between the second distinct undo affordance  808   c - 2  and the first distinct undo affordance  808   c - 1  indicates the scope of the second text string  812   a  associated with the second distinct undo affordance  808   c - 2 . Because the second text string  812   a  is longer than the first text string  806   a , the distance  809   b  corresponding to the second text string  812   a  is likewise greater than the distance  809   a  corresponding to the first text string  806   a.    
     While displaying the content, the electronic device detects ( 1108 ), via the input device, the first gesture for undoing one or more of the plurality of groups of operations. As one example, as illustrated in  FIG.  8 N , the first gesture corresponds to an input (e.g., a touch input) directed to the scrubber  808 . As another example, as illustrated in  FIGS.  8 P and  8 Q , the first gesture corresponds to a first gesture  830  (e.g., a swipe input) in a first direction (e.g., leftwards) across a portion of the scrubber  808 . As yet another example, as illustrated in  FIGS.  8 Z and  8 AA , the first gesture  830  corresponds to a fourth gesture  836  (e.g., a swipe input) in a second direction (e.g., rightwards) that is different from the first direction, wherein the fourth gesture  836  is across a portion of the scrubber  808 . As yet another example, as illustrated in  FIGS.  9 A- 9 C , the first gesture corresponds to a swipe input  902  that directed to a location outside of the scrubber  808 , such as within a canvas of a drawing application. As yet another example, as illustrated in  FIGS.  9 F and  9 G , the first gesture corresponds to a higher-velocity swipe input  910  (e.g., a quick drag or flick) that is located outside of the scrubber  808 . 
     In response to detecting the first gesture: in accordance with a determination that the first gesture corresponds to a first gesture type, the electronic device undoes ( 1110 ) one or more groups of operations without partially undoing any of the groups of operations. For example, the electronic device performs a complete undo operation or multiple complete undo operations, such as removing the entirety of text before a carriage return or removing an entire shape. As another example, the first gesture type corresponds to an input that selects a particular distinct undo affordance within the scrubber, such as the input  828  illustrated in  FIG.  8 N  that selects the fifth distinct undo affordance  808   c - 5 . As another example, the first gesture type corresponds to a higher-velocity swipe input that is located outside of the scrubber, such as the third multi-finger gesture  910  illustrated in  FIGS.  9 F and  9 G . 
     In response to detecting the first gesture: in accordance with a determination that the first gesture corresponds to a second gesture type that is different from the first gesture type, the electronic device undoes ( 1112 ) a set of operations based on a magnitude of the first gesture, including for a gesture of a respective magnitude partially undoing a first group of operations including undoing one or more operations in the first group of operations without undoing one or more operations in the first group of operations. For example, the electronic device performs a partial undo operation, such as removing a single side of a shape, removing one or more letters of a sentence, and/or the like. As another example, the second gesture type corresponds to a movement across a particular partial undo operation of the scrubber. As yet another example, the second gesture type corresponds to a multi-finger gesture, such as a multi-finger swipe input in the substantially leftwards direction. 
     As one example, in response to detecting the first gesture  830  across the fourth partial undo operation region  808   b - 4  of the scrubber  808  in  FIG.  8 P , the electronic device  100  undoes a portion of the second side  822  of the triangle in  FIG.  8 Q . As another example, with reference to  FIGS.  9 A- 9 C , as the first multi-finger gesture  902  progresses, the electronic device  100  undoes a portion of the second text string  812   a  based on the magnitude of the first multi-finger gesture  902 . 
     With reference to  FIG.  11 B , in some embodiments, in response to detecting the first gesture: in accordance with a determination that the first gesture is directed to a location outside of the scrubber and corresponds to the first gesture type, the electronic device undoes ( 1114 ) the one or more groups of operations without partially undoing any of the groups of operations. In accordance with a determination that the first gesture is directed to the location outside of the scrubber and corresponds to the second gesture type, the electronic device undoes ( 1114 ) the set of operations based on the magnitude of the first gesture. Moreover, the electronic device being configured to perform different types of undo operations (e.g., complete undo versus partial undo) in response to detecting the same first gesture input reduces user interface clutter and provides an efficient mechanism to perform either undo operation type, thus reducing the amount of user interaction with the electronic device to perform at least one of the operations. Reducing the amount of user interaction with the device reduces wear-and-tear of the device and, for battery powered devices, increases battery life of the device. For example, the first gesture is directed to content displayed on the display. In some embodiments, the electronic device ceases to display the scrubber in response to detecting the first gesture. 
     As one example, with reference to  FIGS.  9 F and  9 G , in response to determining that the third multi-finger gesture  910  is directed to the location outside of the scrubber  808  and corresponds to the first input type, the electronic device  100  undoes the entirety of the second text string  812   a . As a counter example, with reference to  FIGS.  9 A- 9 C , in response to determining that the first multi-finger gesture  902  is directed to the location outside of the scrubber  808  and corresponds to the second input type, the electronic device  100  undoes a portion of the second text string  812   a  based on the magnitude of the first multi-finger gesture  902 . 
     In some embodiments, in response to detecting the first gesture: in accordance with a determination that the first gesture is directed to the second one of the plurality of distinct undo affordances, the electronic device undoes ( 1116 ) the corresponding first one and the corresponding second one of the plurality of groups of operations without partially undoing any other group of operations of the plurality of groups of operations. By undoing multiple operations in response to detecting a single input, the electronic device avoids detecting multiple inputs corresponding to the multiple operations. Accordingly, the electronic device expends fewer processing and battery resources. As one example, in response to detecting the input  838  directed to the first distinct undo affordance  808   c - 1  in  FIG.  8 AB , the electronic device  100  undoes multiple operations, including undoing creation of the first text string  806   a , creation of the second text string  812   a , creation of the first side  818  of the triangle, and creation of the second side  822  of the triangle, as illustrated in  FIG.  8 AC . 
     In some embodiments, in response to detecting the first gesture: in accordance with the determination that the first gesture corresponds to a first movement input, the electronic device moves ( 1118 ) the first one of the plurality of distinct undo affordances from a first location within the scrubber to a second location within the scrubber, wherein the magnitude of the first gesture determines the second location. By moving the first one of the plurality of distinct undo affordances to the second location according to the first gesture, the electronic device enables a single input directed to the second location to result in a complete undo operation of the corresponding first one of the plurality of groups of operations. Accordingly, the electronic device need not detect a separate input to invoke, for example, an undo stack that includes a selectable complete undo operation affordance, thereby reducing processing and battery utilization by the electronic device. As one example, in response to detecting completion of the first gesture  830  in  FIG.  8 Q , the electronic device  100  moves the fourth distinct undo affordance  808   c - 4  leftwards to a location corresponding to the termination point of the first gesture  830 , as illustrated in  FIG.  8 R . As another example, with reference to  FIGS.  9 A- 9 C , in response to detecting completion of the first multi-finger gesture  902 , the electronic device  100  moves the second distinct undo affordance  808   c - 2  rightwards to a location based on the magnitude of the first multi-finger gesture  902 . 
     In some embodiments, the distance between the first one of the plurality of distinct undo affordances and the second one of the plurality of distinct undo affordances indicates ( 1120 ) a scope of the corresponding first one of the plurality of groups of operations. By displaying the distinct undo affordances spaced apart according to the respective scopes of operations, the electronic device provides greater control for movement inputs across the scrubber. Accordingly, the electronic device performs more accurate partial undo and redo operations. For example, a larger distance between the first and second distinct undo affordances indicates that the corresponding first one of the plurality of groups of operation has a larger scope (e.g., an entire typed paragraph rather than a single typed sentence), and vice versa. As one example, with reference to  FIG.  8 C , the first distance  809   a  between the first distinct undo affordance  808   c - 1  and the undo last affordance  808   a - 1  indicates the scope of the first text string  806   a  associated with the first distinct undo affordance  808   c - 1 . By contrast, as another example, with reference to  FIG.  8 E , the distance  809   b  between the second distinct undo affordance  808   c - 2  and the first distinct undo affordance  808   c - 1  indicates the scope of the second text string  812   a  associated with the second distinct undo affordance  808   c - 2 . Because the second text string  812   a  is longer than the first text string  806   a , the distance  809   b  corresponding to the second text string  812   a  is likewise greater than the distance  809   a  corresponding to the first text string  806   a.    
     With reference to  FIG.  11 C , in some embodiments, in response to detecting the first gesture: in accordance with a determination that the first gesture is directed to the first one of the plurality of distinct undo affordances, the electronic device undoes ( 1122 ) the corresponding first one of the plurality of groups of operations without partially undoing any other group of operations of the plurality of groups of operations. In accordance with a determination that the first gesture corresponds to a first movement input across the partial undo operation region towards the second one of the plurality of distinct undo affordances, the electronic device undoes ( 1122 ) a portion of the corresponding first one of the plurality of groups of operations. The portion is less than the entirety of the corresponding first one of the plurality of groups of operations. An electronic device performs complete or partial undo or redo operations, based on the nature of a detected gesture input. Accordingly, the electronic device need not detect multiple deletion inputs that cause the electronic device to perform a partial undo operation or detect multiple content-creation inputs that cause the electronic device to perform a partial redo operation. Because the electronic device detects fewer inputs, the electronic device expends fewer processing and battery resources and experiences less wear-and-tear. Moreover, the electronic device being configured to perform complete and partial undo/redo operations based on the same gesture input reduces user interface clutter and provides an efficient mechanism to perform any of the operations, thus reducing the amount of user interaction with the electronic device to perform at least one of the operations. Reducing the amount of user interaction with the device reduces wear-and-tear of the device and, for battery powered devices, increases battery life of the device. For example, the first gesture is a tap input directed to the first one of the plurality of distinct undo affordances. As another example, the first movement input is a mouse drag. As yet another example, the first movement input is a finger swipe or flick detected on the touch-sensitive surface of the electronic device. As yet another example, the first movement input is a stylus movement across the touch-sensitive surface. 
     As one example, in accordance with a determination that the first gesture  828  (e.g., touch input) is directed to the fifth distinct undo affordance  808   c - 5  in  FIG.  8 N , the electronic device  100  performs an undo operation on the corresponding third side  826  of the triangle without partially undoing any other operations, as illustrated in  FIG.  8 O . As another example, in accordance with a determination that the first gesture  830  corresponds to a first movement input across the fourth partial undo operation  808   b - 4  region towards the third distinct undo affordance  808   c - 3  in  FIG.  8 P , the electronic device undoes a portion of the corresponding second side  822  of the triangle, as illustrated in  FIG.  8 Q . 
     In some embodiments, the first movement input originates ( 1124 ) at the first one of the plurality of distinct undo affordance. By performing a partial undo operation based on a movement input that originates at the corresponding distinct undo affordance, the electronic device avoids erroneously performing the partial undo operation based on a movement input that does not originate at the corresponding distinct undo affordance, resulting in a more efficient user interface. As one example, as illustrated in  FIG.  8 P , the first gesture  830  originates at the fourth distinct undo affordance  808   c - 4 , and the movement associated with the first gesture  830  results in the electronic device performing a partial undo operation on content (e.g., the second side  822  of the triangle) that is associated with the fourth distinct undo affordance  808   c - 4 . 
     In some embodiments, after undoing the portion of the corresponding first one of the plurality of groups of operations, the electronic device detects ( 1126 ) a second gesture that corresponds to a second movement input away from the first one of the plurality of distinct undo affordances. In response to detecting the second gesture, the electronic device redoes ( 1126 ) the portion of the corresponding first one of the plurality of groups of operations based on the magnitude of the second gesture. Accordingly, the electronic device provides a partial redo operation feature that complements the partial undo operation feature. As a result, the electronic device avoids detecting multiple, complex content creation inputs (e.g., retype a portion of a sentence, redraw a portion of a line, etc.) that cause the electronic device to perform the same result as a corresponding partial redo operation, resulting in the electronic device expending fewer processing and battery resources. For example, the second movement input originates at location within the partial undo operation region where first movement input terminated. As one example, in response to detecting the second gesture  832  in the substantially rightwards direction in  FIG.  8 S , the electronic device  100  redoes, as illustrated in  FIG.  8 T , the portion of the second side  822  of the triangle that was partially undone in  FIGS.  8 P and  8 Q . 
       FIGS.  12 A- 12 AY  are examples of user interfaces for performing content manipulation operations in response to multi-finger pinch gestures in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in  FIGS.  14 A- 14 E . Although some of the examples which follow will be given with reference to inputs on a touch-screen display (where the touch-sensitive surface and the display are combined, for example on the touch screen  112 ), in some embodiments, the electronic device  100  detects inputs on the touch-sensitive surface  651  that is separate from the display  650 , as shown in  FIG.  6 B . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  12 A , the electronic device  100  displays content including a text string  1206  in an application interface  1202  of an application, such as a drawing application interface or a word processing application interface. The application interface  1202  includes a toolbar region  1204  that includes a variety of affordances (e.g., drawing tools, editing functions, color pots) to facilitate content manipulation operations. For example, as illustrated in  FIG.  12 A , the toolbar region  1204  includes a set of drawing tool affordances  1204   a , a set of color pots  1204   b , a text tool affordance  1204   c , and an additional functions affordance  1204   d  (e.g., for displaying a share affordance, a save affordance, or other affordances). One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the toolbar region  1204  may include any number and types of affordances, arranged in any number of a variety of ways. As illustrated in  FIG.  12 A , the electronic device  100  displays a first cursor  1208  that indicates a current position for user interaction on the display of the electronic device  100 . Namely, the first cursor  1208  indicates that the current position within the text string  1206  is between text “lovely” and text “day.” 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  12 B , the electronic device  100  detects a first two-finger drag gesture  1214  on a touch-sensitive surface of the electronic device  100 . The first two-finger drag gesture  1214  is performed with a first contact  1214   a  and a second contact  1214   b  of a plurality of contacts of a hand  716  of a user. In response to detecting the first two-finger drag gesture  1214 , the electronic device  100  maintains display of the first cursor  1208  and displays a second cursor  1216  at a position that is associated with (e.g., proximate to) a position of the first contact  1214   a , the second contact  1214   b , or a combination thereof (e.g., in between the first contact  1214   a  and the second contact  1214   b ), as illustrated in  FIG.  12 B . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  12 C , the electronic device  100  detects the first two-finger drag gesture  1214  within a threshold distance of the text string  1206 . In response to detecting the first two-finger drag gesture  1214  within the threshold distance of the text string  1206 , the electronic device  100  ceases to display the second cursor  1216  and moves the first cursor  1208  to the location of the first two-finger drag gesture  1214 , e.g., to a position that indicates that the current position within the text string  1206  is between text “because” and text “the.” 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  12 D , after detecting the first two-finger drag gesture  1214  and while detecting the first  1214   a  and second contacts  1214   b  on the touch-sensitive surface, the electronic device  100  detects a placement of a third contact  1214   c  on the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, in response to detecting the placement of a third contact  1214   c , the electronic device  100  begins a selection operation that is based on a subsequent drag input (e.g., the first three-finger drag gesture  1218  in  FIG.  12 E ). 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  12 E- 12 G , the electronic device  100  performs a selection operation on a subset of the text string  1206  based on a selection gesture. Namely, as illustrated in  FIG.  12 E , the electronic device  100  detects a first three-finger drag gesture  1218  that is performed with a first contact  1218   a , a second contact  1218   b , and a third contact  1218   c . The first three-finger drag gesture  1218  moves in a substantially rightwards direction along the text string  1206 . One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that, in some embodiments, the electronic device  100  performs a selection operation based on a drag gesture performed with fewer or greater than three contacts and/or in different directions. In some embodiments, as the first three-finger drag gesture  1218  proceeds, one or more of the first contact  1218   a , the second contact  1218   b , and the third contact  1218   c  remain within a threshold distance from the text string  1206 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  12 F , in response to detecting a first portion of the first three-finger drag gesture  1218 , the electronic device  100  displays a selection indicator  1220  that emphasizes (e.g., distinguishes, highlights, places a box around) a corresponding portion of the text string  1206  based on the current location of the first three-finger drag gesture  1218 . Moreover, the electronic device  100  moves the first cursor  1208  based on the current location of the first three-finger drag gesture  1218 . As illustrated in  FIG.  12 G , the electronic device  100  detects a second portion of the first three-finger drag gesture  1218  and, in response, expands the selection indicator  1220  and moves the first cursor  1208  based on the current location of the first three-finger drag gesture  1218 . Thus, in response to detecting the first three-finger drag gesture  1218 , the electronic device  100  selects a first subset of the text string  1206  corresponding to “the birds are chirping.” 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  12 H , the electronic device  100  detects a first multi-contact pinch gesture  1222  performed with a first contact  1222   a , a second contact  1222   b , and a third contact  1222   c . The first multi-contact pinch gesture  1222  including a first movement of two or more of the plurality of contacts (e.g., the first contact  1222   a , the second contact  1222   b , and the third contact  1222   c ) toward each other. Namely, as illustrated in  FIG.  12 H , the first contact  1222   a  moves towards the second contact  1222   b  and the third contact  1222   c  while the second contact  1222   b  and the third contact  1222   c  remain substantially stationary. In various embodiments, two or three of the first contact  1222   a , the second contact  1222   b , and the third contact  1222   c  concurrently move. For example, in some embodiments, the first contact  1222   a  moves substantially rightwards while the second contact  1222   b  and the third contact  1222   c  move substantially leftwards. As illustrated in  FIG.  12 I , the first contact  1222   a  continues to move closer to the second contact  1222   b  and the third contact  1222   c.    
     As illustrated in  FIG.  12 J , the electronic device  100  displays an interface  1224  including a plurality of content manipulation operation indicators  1224   a - 1224   c . In some embodiments, the electronic device  100  displays the interface  1224  in response to detecting that a distance between two or more of the first contact  1222   a , the second contact  1222   b , and the third contact  1222   c  satisfies a distance threshold, such as the first contact  1222   a  moving sufficiently close to the second contact  1222   b . The interface  1224  includes a cut operation indicator  1224   a  indicative of a cut operation, a copy operation indicator  1224   b  indicative of a copy operation, and a delete operation indicator  1224   c  indicative of a delete operation. In some embodiments, as illustrated in  FIG.  12 J , the electronic device  100  displays the interface  1224  proximate to the selected first subset of the text string  1206 . One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that, in some embodiments, the interface  1224  includes a different number and/or arrangement of content manipulation operation indicators, optionally corresponding to different content manipulation operations. Moreover, the electronic device  100  displays a first color overlay  1225  within the copy operation indicator  1224   b  in order to indicate that the copy operation is currently selected. In other words, in response to detecting the first multi-contact pinch gesture  1222 , the electronic device  100  performs the copy operation. Moreover, the electronic device  100  changes an appearance of the first subset of the text string  1206  corresponding to “the birds are chirping.” Namely, the electronic device  100  displays a second color overlay  1221  and displays, within the second color overlay  1221 , the first subset of the text string  1206  with boldened features. In this way, the electronic device  100  indicates which portion of content is the target of a particular content manipulation operation. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  12 K , in response to detecting termination of the first multi-contact pinch gesture  1222 , the electronic device  100  ceases to display the interface  1224 . In some embodiments, as illustrated in  FIG.  12 K , the electronic device  100  maintains display of the second color overlay  1221  including the boldened first subset of the text string  1206  in order to indicate that the first subset of the text string  1206  has been copied. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  12 L , the electronic device  100  detects a first multi-finger de-pinch gesture  1226  performed with a first contact  1226   a , a second contact  1226   b , and a third contact  1226   c . The first multi-finger de-pinch gesture  1226  includes a first movement of two or more of the plurality of contacts (e.g., the first contact  1226   a , the second contact  1226   b , and the third contact  1226   c ) away from each other. Namely, as illustrated in  FIG.  12 L , the first contact  1226   a  moves away from the second contact  1226   b  and the third contact  1226   c  while the second contact  1226   b  and the third contact  1226   c  remain substantially stationary. In various embodiments, two or three of the first contact  1226   a , the second contact  1226   b , and the third contact  1226   c  concurrently move. For example, in some embodiments, the first contact  1226   a  moves substantially leftwards while the second contact  1226   b  and the third contact  1226   c  move substantially rightwards. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  12 M and  12 N , the first contact  1226   a  continues to move away from the second contact  1226   b  and the third contact  1226   c . In some embodiments, as illustrated in  FIG.  12 N , in response to detecting that the first contact  1226   a  moves a sufficient distance away from the second contact  1226   b  and the third contact  1226   c , the electronic device  100  performs a paste operation on the currently copied first subset of the text string  1206 . Namely, the electronic device  100  displays pasted text  1228  that corresponds to the first subset of the text string  1206 . In some embodiments, the electronic device  100  displays the pasted text  1228  proximate to the location of the first multi-finger de-pinch gesture  1226  on the touch-sensitive surface. Moreover, the electronic device  100  ceases to display the second color overlay  1221  and restores the first subset of the text string  1206  (e.g., removes boldened text). As illustrated in  FIG.  12 O , the electronic device  100  ceases to detect the first multi-finger de-pinch gesture  1226 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  12 P , the electronic device  100  detects a second multi-contact pinch gesture  1234  performed with a first contact  1234   a , a second contact  1234   b , and a third contact  1234   c . The second multi-contact pinch gesture  1234  includes a first movement of two or more of the plurality of contacts (e.g., the first contact  1234   a , the second contact  1234   b , and the third contact  1234   c ) toward each other. As illustrated in  FIGS.  12 Q and  12 R , the first contact  1234   a  continues to move closer to the second contact  1234   b  and the third contact  1234   c.    
     As illustrated in  FIG.  12 R , the electronic device  100  displays the interface  1224  and displays the first color overlay  1225  within the copy operation indicator  1224   b  in order to indicate that the copy operation is currently selected. In some embodiments, as illustrated in  FIG.  12 R , the electronic device  100  displays the interface  1224  proximate to the pasted text  1228 . Moreover, the electronic device  100  displays the second color overlay  1221  and boldened pasted text  1228  within the second color overlay  1221  in order to indicate that the copy operation is associated with the pasted text  1228 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  12 S , the electronic device  100  detects that the second multi-contact pinch gesture  1234  includes a second movement of more than a threshold amount of movement after detecting the first movement and before detecting release of the first contact  1234   a , the second contact  1234   b , and/or the third contact  1234   c . The second movement includes a respective movement of the first contact  1234   a , a respective movement of the second contact  1234   b , and a respective movement of the third contact  1234   c . In some embodiments, as illustrated in  FIG.  12 S , the second movement is in substantially the leftwards direction and crosses a first threshold line  1238 , which is illustrated for purely explanatory purposes. In various embodiments, the first threshold line  1238  corresponds to a threshold distance from one of a respective origin of the movement of the first contact  1234   a , a respective origin of the movement of the second contact  1234   b , or a respective origin of the movement of the third contact  1234   c . For example, as illustrated in  FIG.  12 S , in some embodiments, the threshold amount of movement corresponds to a first distance  1237   a  between the origin point of the first contact  1234   a  and the first threshold line  1238 , a second distance  1237   b  between the origin point of the second contact  1234   b  and the first threshold line  1238 , a third distance  1237   c  between the origin point of the third contact  1234   c  and the first threshold line  1238 , or a combination thereof. The first distance  1237   a , the second distance  1237   b , and the third distance  1237   c  are illustrated for purely explanatory purposes. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  12 T and  12 U , while the second movement progresses closer to crossing the first threshold line  1238 , the electronic device  100  correspondingly changes the first color overlay  1225  within the interface  1224 . Namely, as illustrated in  FIG.  12 T , because the second movement is in substantially the leftwards direction and is approximately halfway to crossing the first threshold line  1238 , the electronic device  100  moves the first color overlay  1225  leftwards so that half of the first color overlay  1225  is within the copy operation indicator  1224   b  and the other half of the first color overlay  1225  is within the cut operation indicator  1224   a . As illustrated in  FIG.  12 U , in response to detecting the second movement cross the first threshold line  1238 , the electronic device  100  moves the entirety of the first color overlay  1225  within the cut operation indicator  1224   a . In this way, the electronic device  100  provides visual feedback that the second multi-contact pinch gesture  1234  is no longer associated with a copy operation and instead is associated with a cut operation. As illustrated in  FIG.  12 V , in response to ceasing to detect the first contact  1234   a , the second contact  1234   b , and the third contact  1234   c , the electronic device  100  performs a cut operation on the pasted text  1228  and ceases to display the interface  1224 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  12 W , the electronic device  100  detects a second multi-finger de-pinch gesture  1240  performed with a first contact  1240   a , a second contact  1240   b , and a third contact  1240   c . The second multi-finger de-pinch gesture  1240  includes a first movement of two or more of the plurality of contacts (e.g., the first contact  1240   a , the second contact  1240   b , and the third contact  1240   c ) away from each other. Namely, as illustrated in  FIG.  12 W , the first contact  1240   a  moves away from the second contact  1240   b  and the third contact  1240   c  while the second contact  1240   b  and the third contact  1240   c  remain substantially stationary. In various embodiments, two or three of the first contact  1240   a , the second contact  1240   b , and the third contact  1240   c  concurrently move. For example, in some embodiments, the first contact  1240   a  moves substantially leftwards while the second contact  1240   b  and the third contact  1240   c  move substantially rightwards. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  12 X and  12 Y , the first contact  1240   a  continues to move away from the second contact  1240   b  and the third contact  1240   c . In some embodiments, as illustrated in  FIG.  12 Y , in response to detecting that the first contact  1240   a  moves a sufficient distance away from the second contact  1240   b  and the third contact  1240   c , the electronic device  100  performs a paste operation on the previously cut content. Namely, the electronic device  100  pastes previously cut text  1242 . In some embodiments, the electronic device  100  pastes the previously cut text  1242  proximate to the location of the second multi-finger de-pinch gesture  1240  on the touch-sensitive surface. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  12 Z , the electronic device  100  detects a third multi-contact pinch gesture  1248  performed with a first contact  1248   a , a second contact  1248   b , and a third contact  1248   c . The third multi-contact pinch gesture  1248  includes a first movement of two or more of the plurality of contacts (e.g., the first contact  1248   a , the second contact  1248   b , and the third contact  1248   c ) toward each other. As illustrated in  FIGS.  12 AA and  12 AB , the first contact  1248   a  continues to move closer to the second contact  1248   b  and the third contact  1248   c.    
     As illustrated in  FIG.  12 AB , the electronic device  100  displays the interface  1224  and displays the first color overlay  1225  within the copy operation indicator  1224   b  in order to indicate that the copy operation is currently selected. In some embodiments, as illustrated in  FIG.  12 AB , the electronic device  100  displays the interface  1224  proximate to the previously cut text  1242 . Moreover, the electronic device  100  displays the second color overlay  1221  and boldened previously cut text  1242  within the second color overlay  1221  in order to indicate that the copy operation is associated with the previously cut text  1242 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  12 AC , the electronic device  100  detects that the third multi-contact pinch gesture  1248  includes a second movement of more than a threshold amount of movement after detecting the first movement and before detecting release of the first contact  1248   a , the second contact  1248   b , and/or the third contact  1248   c . The second movement includes a respective movement of the first contact  1248   a , a respective movement of the second contact  1248   b , and a respective movement of the third contact  1248   c . In some embodiments, as illustrated in  FIG.  12 AC , the second movement is in substantially the rightwards direction and crosses a second threshold line  1252 , which is illustrated for purely explanatory purposes. The threshold amount of movement corresponds to distances between respective origin points of one or more of the movements of the contacts and the second threshold line  1252 . For example, as illustrated in  FIG.  12 AC , in some embodiments, the threshold amount of movement corresponds to a first distance  1251   a  between the origin point of the first contact  1248   a  and the second threshold line  1252 , a second distance  1251   b  between the origin point of the second contact  1248   b  and the second threshold line  1252 , a third distance  1251   c  between the origin point of the third contact  1248   c  and the second threshold line  1252 , or a combination thereof. The first distance  1251   a , the second distance  1251   b , and the third distance  1251   c  are illustrated for purely explanatory purposes. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  12 AD and  12 AE , while the second movement progresses closer to crossing the second threshold line  1252 , the electronic device  100  correspondingly changes the first color overlay  1225  within the interface  1224 . Namely, as illustrated in  FIG.  12 AD , because the second movement is in substantially the rightwards direction and is approximately halfway to crossing the second threshold line  1252 , the electronic device  100  moves the first color overlay  1225  rightwards so that half of the first color overlay  1225  is within the copy operation indicator  1224   b  and the other half of the first color overlay  1225  is within the delete operation indicator  1224   c . As illustrated in  FIG.  12 AE , in response to detecting the second movement cross the second threshold line  1252 , the electronic device  100  moves the entirety of the first color overlay  1225  within the delete operation indicator  1224   c . In this way, the electronic device  100  provides visual feedback that the third multi-contact pinch gesture  1248  is no longer associated with a copy operation and instead is associated with a delete operation. As illustrated in  FIG.  12 AF , in response to ceasing to detect the first contact  1248   a , the second contact  1248   b , and the third contact  1248   c , the electronic device  100  performs a delete operation on the previously cut text  1242  and ceases to display the interface  1224 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  12 AG , the electronic device  100  detects a second two-finger drag gesture  1254  on the touch-sensitive surface. The second two-finger drag gesture  1254  is performed with a first contact  1254   a  and a second contact  1254   b  of a plurality of contacts of the hand  716  of a user. In response to detecting the second two-finger drag gesture  1254 , the electronic device  100  maintains display of the first cursor  1208  and displays the second cursor  1216  at a position that is associated with (e.g., proximate to) a position of the first contact  1254   a , the second contact  1254   b , or a combination thereof (e.g., in between the first contact  1254   a  and the second contact  1254   b ), as illustrated in  FIG.  12 AG . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  12 AH , the electronic device  100  detects the second two-finger drag gesture  1254  within a threshold distance of the text string  1206 . In response to detecting the second two-finger drag gesture  1254  within a threshold distance of the text string  1206 , the electronic device  100  ceases to display the second cursor  1216  and moves the first cursor  1208  to the location of the second two-finger drag gesture  1254 , e.g., to a position that indicates that the current position within the text string  1206  is between text “because” and text “the.” 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  12 AI , after detecting the second two-finger drag gesture  1254  and while detecting the first  1254   a  and second contacts  1254   b  on the touch-sensitive surface, the electronic device  100  detects a placement of a third contact  1254   c  on the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, in response to detecting the placement of a third contact  1254   c , the electronic device  100  begins a selection operation. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  12 AJ and  12 AK , the electronic device  100  performs a first selection operation on a first portion (e.g., “day because”) of the text string  1206  based on a selection gesture. Namely, as illustrated in  FIG.  12 AJ , the electronic device  100  detects a second three-finger drag gesture  1256  that is performed with a first contact  1256   a , a second contact  1256   b , and a third contact  1256   c . The second three-finger drag gesture  1256  moves in a substantially leftwards direction along the text string  1206 . In some embodiments, as the second three-finger drag gesture  1256  proceeds, one or more of the first contact  1256   a , the second contact  1256   b , and the third contact  1256   c  remain within a threshold distance from the text string  1206 . As illustrated in  FIG.  12 AK , as the second three-finger drag gesture  1256  proceeds, the electronic device  100  displays the selection indicator  1220  that emphasizes (e.g., distinguishes, highlights, places a box around) the first portion of the text string  1206  based on the current location of the second three-finger drag gesture  1256 . Moreover, the electronic device  100  moves the first cursor  1208  based on the current location of the second three-finger drag gesture  1256 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  12 AL , the electronic device  100  detects a release of the third contact  1256   c . In response to detecting the release of the third contact  1256   c  in  FIG.  12 AL , the electronic device  100  cancels selection of the first portion of the text string  1206 , as indicated by the electronic device  100  ceasing to display the selection indicator  1220  in  FIG.  12 AM . In some embodiments, in response to detecting the release of the third contact  1256   c , instead of cancelling selection, the electronic device  100  maintains (e.g., pauses) selection until detecting a subsequent placement of the third contact  1256   c  and a subsequent three-finger drag gesture. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  12 AN , after detecting the release of the third contact  1256   c , the electronic device detects the third contact  1256   c  while detecting the first contact  1256   a  and the second contact  1256   b . As illustrated in  FIGS.  12 AO and  12 AP , the electronic device  100  performs a second selection operation on a second portion (e.g., “Such a lovely”) of the text string  1206  based on a selection gesture. Namely, as illustrated in  FIG.  12 AO , the electronic device  100  detects a third three-finger drag gesture  1258  that is performed with a first contact  1258   a , a second contact  1258   b , and a third contact  1258   c . The third three-finger drag gesture  1258  moves in a substantially leftwards direction along the text string  1206 . In some embodiments, as the third three-finger drag gesture  1258  proceeds, one or more of the first contact  1258   a , the second contact  1258   b , and the third contact  1258   c  remain within a threshold distance from the text string  1206 . As illustrated in  FIG.  12 AP , as the third three-finger drag gesture  1258  proceeds, the electronic device  100  displays the selection indicator  1220  that emphasizes (e.g., distinguishes, highlights, places a box around) the second portion of the text string  1206  based on the current location of the third three-finger drag gesture  1258 . Moreover, the electronic device  100  moves the first cursor  1208  based on the current location of the third three-finger drag gesture  1258 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  12 AQ , the electronic device  100  detects a fourth multi-contact pinch gesture  1260  performed with a first contact  1260   a , a second contact  1260   b , and a third contact  1260   c . The third multi-contact pinch gesture  1260  includes a first movement of two or more of the plurality of contacts (e.g., the first contact  1260   a , the second contact  1260   b , and the third contact  1260   c ) toward each other. As illustrated in  FIGS.  12 AQ- 12 AS , the first contact  1260   a  continues to move closer to the second contact  1260   b  and the third contact  1260   c . Additionally, in some embodiments, the electronic device  100  detects three contact gestures that include movement of two or more of the contacts as multi-contact pinch gestures if two or more of the contacts move closer to each other. In various embodiments, two or three of the first contact  1260   a , the second contact  1260   b , and the third contact  1260   c  concurrently move. For example, in some embodiments, the first contact  1260   a  moves substantially rightwards while the second contact  1260   b  and the third contact  1260   c  move substantially leftwards. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  12 AS , the electronic device  100  displays the interface  1224  and displays the first color overlay  1225  within the copy operation indicator  1224   b  in order to indicate that the copy operation is currently selected. In some embodiments, as illustrated in  FIG.  12 AS , the electronic device  100  displays the interface  1224  proximate to the second portion of the text string  1206 . Moreover, the electronic device  100  displays the second color overlay  1221  and boldened second portion of the text string  1206  within the second color overlay  1221  in order to indicate that the electronic device  100  has performed a copy operation on the second portion of text string  1206 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  12 AT , after detecting the fourth multi-contact pinch gesture  1260 , but before detecting release of the first contact  1260   a , the second contact  1260   b , and the third contact  1260   c , the electronic device  100  detects a third multi-finger de-pinch gesture  1262 . The third multi-finger de-pinch gesture  1262  is performed with a first contact  1262   a , a second contact  1262   b , and a third contact  1262   c . The third multi-finger de-pinch gesture  1262  includes a first movement of two or more of the plurality of contacts (e.g., the first contact  1262   a , the second contact  1262   b , and the third contact  1262   c ) away from each other. Namely, as illustrated in  FIG.  12 AT , the first contact  1262   a  moves away from the second contact  1262   b  and the third contact  1262   c  while the second contact  1262   b  and the third contact  1262   c  remain substantially stationary. In various embodiments, two or three of the first contact  1262   a , the second contact  1262   b , and the third contact  1262   c  concurrently move. For example, in some embodiments, the first contact  1262   a  moves substantially leftwards while the second contact  1262   b  and the third contact  1262   c  move substantially rightwards. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  12 AU and  12 AV , the first contact  1262   a  continues to move away from the second contact  1262   b  and the third contact  1262   c . In some embodiments, as illustrated in  FIG.  12 AV , in response to detecting that the first contact  1262   a  moved a sufficient distance away from the second contact  1262   b  and the third contact  1262   c , the electronic device  100  cancels the copy operation that was performed by the electronic device  100  with reference to  FIGS.  12 AQ- 12 AS . Namely, the electronic device  100  cancels copying of the previously selected second portion of the text string  1206  corresponding to “Such a lovely.” As illustrated in  FIGS.  12 AU and  12 AV , the electronic device  100  ceases to display the interface  1224  and the second color overlay  1221  in order to indicate that the copy operation has been cancelled with respect to the second portion of the text string  1206 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  12 AW , after ceasing to detect the third multi-finger de-pinch gesture  1262 , the electronic device  100  detects a fourth multi-finger de-pinch gesture  1264 . As discussed above with reference to other multi-finger de-pinch gestures, the fourth multi-finger de-pinch gesture  1264  causes the electronic device  100  to perform a paste operation. However, because the copy operation of the second portion of the text string  1206  the electronic device  100  prepared to perform in response to detecting the fourth multi-contact pinch gesture  1260  was cancelled by the third multi-finger de-pinch gesture  1262 , the electronic device does not paste the second portion of the text string  1206 . Instead, as illustrated in  FIGS.  12 AX and  12 AY , the electronic device  100  pastes text  1266  corresponding to the pasted text  1228  “the bird are chirping” described above with reference to  FIGS.  12 P- 12 U . 
       FIGS.  13 A- 13 AB  are examples of user interfaces for performing undo or redo operations based on rotational multi-finger gestures in accordance with some embodiments. As illustrated in  FIG.  13 A , the electronic device  100  displays an application interface  1302  associated with, for example, a drawing application or a word-processing application. The application interface  1302  includes a toolbar region  1304  that may include a variety of affordances (e.g., drawing tools, editing functions, color pots) to facilitate content manipulation operations. For example, as illustrated in  FIG.  13 A , the toolbar region  1304  includes a set of drawing tool affordances  1304   a , a set of color pots  1304   b , a text tool affordance  1304   c , and an additional functions affordance  1304   d  (e.g., share affordance, save affordance, etc.). One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the toolbar region  1304  may include any number and types of affordances, arranged in any number of a variety of ways. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  13 B and  13 C , the electronic device  100  detects a first content manipulation input  1306 . In response to detecting the first content manipulation input  1306  in  FIG.  13 B , the electronic device  100  displays a first mark  1309  in  FIG.  13 C . Moreover, in some embodiments, in response to detecting the first content manipulation input  1306 , the electronic device  100  displays a scrubber  1307 , as illustrated in  FIG.  13 C . The scrubber  1307  may be overlaid on content so that the content does not obscure the scrubber  1307 . The scrubber  1307  includes an undo last affordance  1307   a - 1 , which, when selected, causes the electronic device  100  to perform an undo operation on the last performed content manipulation operation. Similarly, the scrubber  1307  includes a redo last affordance  1307   a - 2 , which, when selected, causes the electronic device  100  to perform a redo operation on the last performed undo operation. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that other embodiments include the last undo affordance  1307   a - 1  and the last redo affordance  1307   a - 2  arranged and/or positioned differently (e.g., relative to each other). In some embodiments, directly after opening the application associated with the application interface  1302 , the electronic device  100  detects the first content manipulation input  1306  and, in response, does not display the redo last affordance  1307   a - 2  because the electronic device  100  has yet to perform an undo operation. The scrubber  1307  further includes a first distinct undo affordance  1307   c - 1  respectively associated with the first mark  1309 . The undo last affordance  1307   a - 1  and the first distinct undo affordance  1307   c - 1  are separated by a first partial undo operation region  1307   b - 1 . The first partial undo operation region  1307   b - 1  is associated with a first distance  1308   a  that is indicative of a scope (e.g., magnitude) of the first mark  1309 . 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  13 D and  13 E , the electronic device  100  detects a second content manipulation input  1310 . In response to detecting the second content manipulation input  1310  in  FIG.  13 D , the electronic device  100  displays a second mark  1312  in  FIG.  13 E . Moreover, the electronic device  100  adds, to the scrubber  1307 , a second distinct undo affordance  1307   c - 2  respectively associated with the second mark  1312 , as illustrated in  FIG.  13 E . The first distinct undo affordance  1307   c - 1  and the second distinct undo affordance  1307   c - 2  are separated by a second partial undo operation region  1307   b - 2 . The second partial undo operation region  1307   b - 2  is associated with a second distance  1308   b  that is indicative of a scope (e.g., magnitude) of the second mark  1312 . Notably, the second distance  1308   b  is larger than the first distance  1308   a  because the second content manipulation input  1310  created more content (e.g., a longer mark) than did the first content manipulation input  1306 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  13 F , the electronic device  100  detects an input  1313  directed to the text tool affordance  1304   c . In response to detecting the input  1313  in  FIG.  13 F , the electronic device  100  changes the currently selected tool from the pencil tool to the text tool, as illustrated in  FIG.  13 G . 
     Moreover, the electronic device  100  detects a third content manipulation input  1314  in  FIG.  13 G . In response to detecting the third content manipulation input  1314  in  FIG.  13 G , the electronic device  100  displays a text string  1316  in  FIG.  13 H . Moreover, as described above, the electronic device  100  adds, to the scrubber  1307 , a third distinct undo affordance  1307   c - 3  respectively associated with the text string  1316 , as illustrated in  FIG.  13 H . The second distinct undo affordance  1307   c - 2  and the third distinct undo affordance  1307   c - 3  are separated by a third partial undo operation region  1307   b - 3 . The third partial undo operation region  1307   b - 3  is associated with a third distance  1308   c  that is indicative of a scope (e.g., magnitude) of the text string  1316 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  13 I , the electronic device  100  detects, on a touch-sensitive surface of the electronic device  100 , a first multi-finger gesture  1318  that includes rotation of a first contact  1318   a , a second contact  1318   b , and a third contact  1318   c  as a group in a first direction (e.g., relative to a shared axis of rotation, a shared pivot point, or a shared center of rotation). The first direction in  FIG.  13 I  corresponds to a substantially counterclockwise direction. 
     In response to determining that the first multi-finger gesture  1318  includes the rotation in the first direction, the electronic device  100  performs an undo operation on (e.g., ceases to display) the text string  1316 , as illustrated in  FIG.  13 J . Moreover, as illustrated in  FIG.  13 J , the electronic device  100  ceases to display the third distinct undo affordance  1307   c - 3  within the scrubber  1307  because the text string  1316  associated with the third distinct undo affordance  1307   c - 3  has been undone. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  13 K , the electronic device  100  detects, on the touch-sensitive surface, a second multi-finger gesture  1320 . The second multi-finger gesture  1320  includes rotation of a first contact  1320   a , a second contact  1320   b , and a third contact  1320   c  as a group in the first direction. The second multi-finger gesture  1320  corresponds to a continuation of the first multi-finger gesture  1318  in the first direction. In other words, the electronic device  100  detects the second multi-finger gesture  1320  before detecting release of the first contact  1318   a , the second contact  1318   b , and the third contact  1318   c  that are associated with the first multi-finger gesture  1318 . 
     In response to determining that the second multi-finger gesture  1320  includes the rotation in the first direction, the electronic device  100  performs an undo operation on (e.g., ceases to display) the second mark  1312 , as illustrated in  FIG.  13 L . Moreover, as illustrated in  FIG.  13 L , the electronic device  100  ceases to display the second distinct undo affordance  1307   c - 2  within the scrubber  1307  because the second mark  1312  associated with the second distinct undo affordance  1307   c - 2  has been undone. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  13 M , the electronic device  100  detects, on the touch-sensitive surface, a first multi-finger drag gesture  1322  that includes movement of a first contact  1322   a , a second contact  1322   b , and a third contact  1322   c  in the substantially leftwards direction. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that, in some embodiments, the first multi-finger drag gesture  1322  includes movement in a different direction. In some embodiments, the electronic device  100  detects the first multi-finger drag gesture  1322  before detecting release of the first contact  1320   a , the second contact  1320   b , and the third contact  1320   c  that are associated with the second multi-finger gesture  1320 . In some embodiments, the electronic device  100  detects a release of one or more of the first contact  1320   a , the second contact  1320   b , and the third contact  1320   c  that are associated with the second multi-finger gesture  1320  before detecting the first multi-finger drag gesture  1322 . For example, in some embodiments, the electronic device  100  detects the first multi-finger drag gesture  1322  within a threshold amount of time after ceasing to detect the one or more of the first contact  1320   a , the second contact  1320   b , and the third contact  1320   c  that are associated with the second multi-finger gesture  1320 . 
     In response to detecting the first multi-finger drag gesture  1322  in  FIG.  13 M , the electronic device  100  performs an undo operation on (e.g., ceases to display) the first mark  1309 , as illustrated in  FIG.  13 N . Moreover, as illustrated in  FIG.  13 N , the electronic device  100  ceases to display the first distinct undo affordance  1307   c - 1  within the scrubber  1307  because the first mark  1309  associated with the first distinct undo affordance  1307   c - 1  has been undone. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  13 O , the electronic device  100  detects, on the touch-sensitive surface, a third multi-finger gesture  1324  that rotates in a second direction (e.g., substantially clockwise) that is different from the first direction. The third multi-finger gesture  1324  includes rotation of a first contact  1324   a , a second contact  1324   b , and a third contact  1324   c  as a group in the second direction. In response to determining that the third multi-finger gesture  1324  includes the rotation in the second direction, the electronic device  100  performs a redo operation on (e.g., displays) the first mark  1309 , as illustrated in  FIG.  13 P . Moreover, as illustrated in  FIG.  13 P , the electronic device  100  adds, to the scrubber  1307 , the first distinct undo affordance  1307   c - 1  because the first mark  1309  associated with the first distinct undo affordance  1307   c - 3  has been redone. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  13 Q , the electronic device  100  detects, on the touch-sensitive surface, a fourth multi-finger gesture  1328  that rotates in the second direction. The fourth multi-finger gesture  1328  includes rotation of a first contact  1328   a , a second contact  1328   b , and a third contact  1328   c  as a group in the second direction. The fourth multi-finger gesture  1328  corresponds to a continuation of the third multi-finger gesture  1324  in the second direction. In other words, the electronic device  100  detects the fourth multi-finger gesture  1328  before detecting release of the first contact  1324   a , the second contact  1324   b , and the third contact  1324   c  that are associated with the third multi-finger gesture  1324 . 
     In response to determining that the fourth multi-finger gesture  1328  includes the rotation in the second direction, the electronic device  100  performs a redo operation on (e.g., displays) the second mark  1312 , as illustrated in  FIG.  13 R . Moreover, as illustrated in  FIG.  13 R , the electronic device  100  adds, to the scrubber  1307 , the second distinct undo affordance  1307   c - 2  because the second mark  1312  associated with the second distinct undo affordance  1307   c - 2  has been redone. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  13 S , the electronic device  100  detects, on the touch-sensitive surface, a second multi-finger drag gesture  1330  that includes movement of a first contact  1330   a , a second contact  1330   b , and a third contact  1330   c  in the substantially rightwards direction. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that, in some embodiments, the second multi-finger drag gesture  1330  includes movement in a different direction. In some embodiments, the electronic device  100  detects the second multi-finger drag gesture  1330  before detecting release of the first contact  1328   a , the second contact  1328   b , and the third contact  1328   c  that are associated with the fourth multi-finger gesture  1328 . In some embodiments, the electronic device  100  detects a release of one or more of the first contact  1328   a , the second contact  1328   b , and the third contact  1328   c  that are associated with the fourth multi-finger gesture  1328  before detecting the second multi-finger drag gesture  1330 . For example, in some embodiments, the electronic device  100  detects the second multi-finger drag gesture  1330  within a threshold amount of time after ceasing to detect the one or more of the first contact  1328   a , the second contact  1328   b , and the third contact  1328   c  that are associated with the fourth multi-finger gesture  1328 . 
     In response to detecting the second multi-finger drag gesture  1330  in  FIG.  13 S , the electronic device  100  performs a redo operation on (e.g., displays) the text string  1316 , as illustrated in  FIG.  13 T . Moreover, as illustrated in  FIG.  13 T , the electronic device  100  adds, to the scrubber  1307 , the third distinct undo affordance  1307   c - 3  because the text string  1316  associated with the third distinct undo affordance  1307   c - 3  has been redone. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  13 U- 13 X , the electronic device  100  detects, on the touch-sensitive surface, a successive third multi-finger drag gesture  1332  and fourth multi-finger drag gesture  1334 , each of which includes a respective multi-finger movement in the substantially leftwards direction. In response to detecting the successive multi-finger drag gestures  1332  and  1334 , the electronic device  100  performs successive undo operations on the text string  1316  and the second mark  1312 , respectively. Moreover, the electronic device  100  removes, from the scrubber  1307 , the third distinct undo affordance  1307   c - 3  and the second distinct undo affordance  1307   c - 2  that are associated with the text string  1316  and the second mark  1312 , respectively. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  13 Y- 13 AB , the electronic device  100  detects, on the touch-sensitive surface, a successive fifth multi-finger drag gesture  1336  and sixth multi-finger drag gesture  1338 , each of which includes a respective multi-finger movement in the substantially rightwards direction. In response to detecting the successive multi-finger drag gestures  1336  and  1338 , the electronic device  100  performs successive redo operations on the second mark  1312  and the text string  1316 , respectively. Moreover, the electronic device  100  adds, to the scrubber  1307 , the second distinct undo affordance  1307   c - 2  and the third distinct undo affordance  1307   c - 3  that are associated with the second mark  1312  and the text string  1316 , respectively. 
       FIGS.  14 A- 14 E  is a flow diagram of a method  1400  for performing content manipulation operations in response to multi-finger pinch gestures in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, the method  1400  is performed at an electronic device (e.g., the electronic device  300  in  FIG.  3   , the portable multifunction device  100  in  FIG.  1 A , or the electronic device  100  in  FIGS.  12 A- 12 AY ) with one or more processors, a non-transitory memory, an input device, and a display device. Some operations in the method  1400  are, optionally, combined and/or the order of some operations is, optionally, changed. 
     According to various embodiments contemplated by the method  1400 , an electronic device performs content manipulation operations in response to detecting multi-finger pinch gestures, independent of detecting other inputs that invoke an editing interface. In some embodiments, in response to detecting a multi-finger pinch gesture, the electronic device displays an interface that indicates the nature of the multi-finger pinch gesture and ceases to display the interface after a threshold amount of time. Accordingly, the electronic device saves processor and battery resources by not having to detect inputs that invoke and/or remove the editing interface. Additionally, the electronic device provides a larger useable display than the electronic device because the electronic device removes the interface after the threshold amount of time. 
     With reference to  FIG.  14 A , the electronic device displays ( 1402 ), via the display device, content. The content may include text content, drawing marks, predetermined shapes, bullet points, etc. As one example, the electronic device  100  displays the text string  1206  in  FIG.  12 A . 
     While displaying the content, the electronic device detects ( 1404 ), on the touch-sensitive surface, a first input performed with a plurality of contacts that includes a multi-contact pinch gesture including a first movement of two or more of the plurality of contacts toward each other, wherein the first input is directed to a subset of the content. By detecting a single input, rather than multiple inputs, the electronic device experiences less processor utilization and wear-and-tear. For example, the first movement includes a single contact moving towards one or more other contacts while the one or more other contacts remain substantially stationary. As another example, the first movement includes two or more of the contacts moving from respective origin points towards each other. As one example, with reference to  FIGS.  12 H- 12 J , the electronic device  100  detects the first multi-contact pinch gesture  1222  including the first movement of two or more of the plurality of contacts (e.g., the first contact  1222   a , the second contact  1222   b , and the third contact  1222   c ) toward each other. In some embodiments, the multi-contact pinch gesture corresponds ( 1406 ) to a three-finger pinch gesture, such as is illustrated in  FIGS.  12 H- 12 J . 
     In response to detecting the first input: in accordance with a determination that the first input does not include a second movement of the plurality of contacts of more than a threshold amount of movement after detecting the multi-contact pinch gesture and before detecting an end of the first input, the electronic device performs ( 1408 ) a first content manipulation operation on the subset of the content. By being configured to perform multiple operations based on the nature of a particular input (e.g., the multi-contact pinch gesture), the electronic device avoids detecting multiple inputs, thereby saving processing resources and experiencing less wear-and-tear. For example, the plurality of contacts corresponds to a predetermined number of the contacts, such as one contact, two contacts, all contacts. As another example, the first input ends when the electronic device detects a release of a portion of the plurality of contacts. As yet another example, the electronic device selects the subset of content before detecting the multi-contact pinch gesture. In some embodiments, the first content manipulation operation corresponds ( 1410 ) to a copy operation. As one example, in response to detecting the first multi-contact pinch gesture  1222  in  FIGS.  12 H- 12 J , the electronic device  100  performs a copy operation and indicates the same by displaying the first color overlay  1225  within the copy operation indicator  1224   b  in  FIG.  12 J . 
     In response to detecting the first input: in accordance with a determination that the first input includes the second movement of the plurality of contacts of more than a threshold amount of movement after detecting the multi-contact pinch gesture and before detecting an end of the first input, the electronic device performs ( 1412 ) a second content manipulation operation on the subset of the content that is different from the first content manipulation operation. By being configured to perform multiple operations based on the nature of a particular input (e.g., the multi-contact pinch gesture), the electronic device avoids detecting multiple inputs, thereby saving processing resources and experiencing less wear-and-tear. For example, the second movement is a drag gesture that includes the threshold amount of movement, such as a drag gesture that crosses particular threshold line that is a predetermined distance away from an origin point of the drag gesture. In some embodiments, the second content manipulation operation corresponds ( 1414 ) to a cut operation. As one example, after detecting the second multi-contact pinch gesture  1234  performed by the plurality of contacts  1234   a - 1234   c  in  FIGS.  12 P- 12 R , the electronic device  100  detects a second movement of the plurality of contacts  1234   a - 1234   c , as illustrated in  FIGS.  12 S- 12 U . In response to detecting the second movement cross the first threshold line  1238  in  FIG.  12 U , the electronic device  100  performs a cut operation. Moreover, as the second movement proceeds, the electronic device  100  moves the first color overlay  1225  from within the copy operation indicator  1224   b  to within the cut operation indicator  1224   a  in order to indicate the cut operation. 
     With reference to  FIG.  14 B , in some embodiments, while displaying the content, the electronic device detects ( 1416 ) a second input performed with two contacts that includes a two-finger pinch gesture including a third movement of the two contacts toward each other, wherein the second input is directed to a portion of the content; and in response to detecting the second input, the electronic device performs ( 1416 ) a zooming operation with respect to the portion of the content. A zooming operation provides visual feedback in order to increase the accuracy of subsequent content manipulation operations. Accordingly, the electronic device detects fewer corrective inputs and thus reduces processor utilization and wear-and-tear. For example, the zooming operation includes increasing a magnification level of both selected and unselected content in response to the second input. As one example, after moving the first cursor  1208  as is illustrated in  FIG.  12 C , the electronic device  100  performs a zoom operation on a portion of content that is proximate to the first cursor  1208  (e.g., “because the birds”) in response to detecting a second input with two contacts that includes a two-finger pinch gesture including a third movement of the two contacts toward each other, wherein the second input is directed to the portion of the content. 
     In some embodiments, while displaying the content, the electronic device detects ( 1418 ), on the touch-sensitive surface, a second input performed with more than three contacts that includes a multi-finger pinch gesture including a third movement of the more than three contacts toward each other; and in response to detecting the second input, the electronic device performs ( 1418 ) a system-level operation. For example, the system-level operations corresponds to displaying a home screen that includes a plurality of application icons, which, when selected, cause corresponding applications to be opened by the electronic device. As another example, the system-level operation corresponds to displaying a multitasking user interface that includes representations of a plurality of recently opened applications such as screenshots or live views of the recently opened applications that include content of the recently opened applications and which, if selected, cause display of a user interface corresponding to the representation of the application that was selected. As one example, rather than displaying the interface in  FIGS.  12 H- 12 J  in response to detecting the three-contact pinch gesture  1222 , the electronic device  100  displays the home screen in response to detecting a four-contact pinch gesture. 
     With reference to  FIG.  14 C , in some embodiments, while displaying the content and before detect the first input, the electronic device detects ( 1420 ), on the touch-sensitive surface, a selection gesture; and in response to detecting the selection gesture, the electronic device performs ( 1420 ) a first selection operation on the subset of the content. By enabling selection of the subset of the content before performing a content manipulation operation on the subset of the content, the electronic device provides a more accurate content manipulation operation, leading to fewer erroneous inputs and thereby reducing processor utilization and wear-and-tear of the electronic device. For example, the selection gesture corresponds to one of a double tap on a word or sentence, a tap gesture followed by a drag, a drag of a selection resizing object, and/or the like. As another example, selecting the subset of the content is based on a corresponding magnitude of the selection gesture, such as a longer drag resulting in selection of a larger portion of the content. As yet another example, selecting the subset of the content is based on a corresponding direction of the selection gesture, such as dragging in a first direction selects the subset of the content, but dragging in a second direction (e.g., substantially opposite to the first direction) does not (or selects a different subset of the content). As one example, as illustrated in  FIGS.  12 E- 12 G , in response to detecting the first three-finger drag gesture  1218  that moves along a portion of the text string  1206  corresponding to “the birds are chirping,” the electronic device  100  performs a first selection operation on the “the birds are chirping” text. 
     In some embodiments, the electronic device detects ( 1422 ) first and second contacts of the plurality of contacts dragging on the touch-sensitive surface; and in response to detecting the first and second contacts dragging on the touch-sensitive surface, the electronic device places ( 1422 ) a focus-selector (e.g., a cursor) at a first location, wherein the first location is based on a termination point of the dragging relative to the subset of the content. By displaying a focus-selector, the electronic device provides visual feedback as to the starting position of a subsequent selection operation, reducing the detection of erroneous or corrective inputs and thereby reducing processor utilization and wear-and-tear of the electronic device. As one example, in response to detecting the first two-finger drag gesture  1214  in  FIG.  12 B , the electronic device  100  moves the first cursor  1208  from a previous position in  FIG.  12 B , to a termination point of the first two-finger drag gesture  1214 , as illustrated in  FIG.  12 C . 
     In some embodiments, the electronic device detects ( 1424 ), on the touch-sensitive surface, a third contact of the plurality of contacts in addition to the first and second contacts; the electronic device detects ( 1424 ), on the touch-sensitive surface, the first, second, and third contacts moving on the touch-sensitive surface; and in response to detecting the first, second, and third contacts moving on the touch-sensitive surface, the electronic device moves ( 1424 ) the focus-selector from the first location to a second location and performs ( 1424 ) the first selection operation. By enabling selection of the subset of the content before performing a content manipulation operation on the subset of the content, the electronic device provides a more accurate content manipulation operation, leading to fewer erroneous inputs and thereby reducing processor utilization and wear-and-tear of the electronic device. For example, in response to detecting the third contact in addition to first and second contacts, the electronic device begins the first selection operation. In some embodiments, the electronic device detects the first, second, and third contacts moving from a first collective placement to a second collective placement, and the first selection operation starts at the first collective placement and ends at the second collective placement. As one example, with reference to  FIG.  12 C , the electronic device  100  detects the third contact  1214   c  in addition to the first and second contacts  1214   a  and  1214   b  and subsequently detects the three-finger drag gesture  1218 . While detecting the three-finger drag gesture  1218 , the electronic device  100  correspondingly moves the first cursor  1208  and selects the subset of the content, as illustrated in  FIGS.  12 F and  12 G . 
     In some embodiments, the electronic device detects ( 1426 ) a release (e.g., lift off the touch-sensitive surface) of one of the contacts from the touch-sensitive surface; after detecting the release of one of the contacts, the electronic device detects ( 1426 ), on the touch-sensitive surface, the third contact in addition to the first and second contacts; the electronic device detects ( 1426 ) the first, second, and third contacts moving on the touch-sensitive surface; and in response to detecting the first, second, and third contacts moving on the touch-sensitive surface, the electronic device moves ( 1426 ) the focus-selector from the second location to a third location and performs ( 1426 ) a second selection operation that is different from the first selection operation. For example, the electronic device detects the third contact in addition to the first and second contacts within a threshold amount of time after detecting the release of the third contact. As another example, the second selection operation applies to a respective subset of content that is different from the subset of content selected by the first selection operation. In some embodiments, the electronic device detects the first, second, and third contacts moving from the second collective placement to a third collective placement, begins the second selection operation at the second collective placement, and ends the second selection operation at the third collective placement. As one example, as illustrated in  FIGS.  12 AK- 12 AM , the electronic device  100  detects release of the third contact  1256   c  and subsequently detects the third contact  1256   d  in addition to the first contact  1256   a  and the second contact  1256   b  in  FIG.  12 AN . In response to detecting the third three-finger drag gesture  1258  in  FIG.  12 AO , the electronic device  100  moves the first cursor  1208  from the second location to a third location and performs a second selection operation that is different from the first selection operation. 
     In some embodiments, in response to detecting the first input, the electronic device changes ( 1428 ) an appearance of the subset of the content. By changing the appearance of the subset of the content, the electronic device provides visual feedback as to the target of a respective content manipulation operation, providing a more accurate user interface with fewer erroneous and corrective inputs. Accordingly, the electronic device experiences less processor usage and wear-and-tear. For example, changing the appearance of the subset of the content includes one or more of changing the size of (e.g., increasing) the subset of the content, highlighting the subset of the content, boldening/underling/italicizing the subset of the content, placing a box around the subset of the content, etc. As another example, changing the appearance of the subset of the content includes distinguishing the subset of the content, such as by obscuring (e.g., blurring out) a portion of the remainder of the content. As one example, with reference to  FIG.  12 J , the electronic device  100  displays a second color overlay  1221  around the subset of the content and bolds the subset of the content in order to indicate that the subset of the content has been copied. 
     With reference to  FIG.  14 D , in some embodiments, in response to detecting the first input, the electronic device displays ( 1430 ), via the display device, an interface including a plurality of content manipulation operation indicators including a first content manipulation operation indicator that is indicative of the first content manipulation operation and a second content manipulation operation indicator that is indicative of the second content manipulation operation. Accordingly, the electronic device provides visual feedback as to the nature of the currently selected content manipulation operation, providing a more accurate user interface with fewer erroneous and corrective inputs. Accordingly, the electronic device experiences less processor usage and wear-and-tear. For example, the first content manipulation operation indicator indicates a copy operation, such as a textual indicator (e.g., “copy”) or a copy icon. Another example, the second content manipulation operation indicator indicates a cut operation, such as a textual indicator (e.g., “cut”) or a cut icon (e.g., an image of scissors). Another yet example, the interface includes a third content manipulation operation indicator that indicates a delete operation, such as a textual indicator (e.g., “delete”) or a delete icon (e.g., an image of a trash can). For example, in response to detecting the first multi-contact pinch gesture  1222  in  FIGS.  12 H- 12 J , the electronic device  100  displays the interface  1224 . The interface  1224  includes a cut operation indicator  1224   a  indicative of a cut operation, a copy operation indicator  1224   b  indicative of a copy operation, and a delete operation indicator  1224   c  indicative of a delete operation. In some embodiments, in response to detecting the first input: the electronic device distinguishes ( 1432 ) an appearance of the first content manipulation operation indicator from the remainder of the interface; and in accordance with the determination that the first input includes the second movement of the plurality of contacts, the electronic device distinguishes ( 1432 ) an appearance of the second content manipulation operation indicator from the remainder of the interface. As another example, after detecting a multi-finger pinch gesture, the electronic device highlights the copy operation indicator. As yet another example, distinguishing the appearance of the second content manipulation operation indicator includes deemphasizing the previously distinguished first content manipulation operation indicator. As one example, as illustrated in  FIGS.  12 S- 12 U , while detecting that the second multi-contact pinch gesture  1234  includes the second movement, the electronic device  100  moves the first color overlay  1225  from within the copy operation indicator  1224   b  to within the cut operation indicator  1224   a.    
     In some embodiments, in response to detecting the first input: in accordance with a determination that the first input includes a third movement of the two or more of the plurality of contacts away from each other after the first movement of two or more of the plurality of contacts toward each other, the electronic device foregoes ( 1434 ) performing the first and second content manipulation operation. By foregoing the content manipulation operation based on the same plurality of contacts that caused the electronic device to perform the content manipulation operation, the electronic device need not detect a different, distinct plurality of touch contacts in order to forego performing the content manipulation operation. Accordingly, the electronic device expends fewer battery and processing resources and experiences less wear-and-tear. For example, as illustrated in  FIGS.  12 AT- 12 AV , the third movement corresponds to a de-pinch (e.g., pull-apart) gesture. In some embodiments, in accordance with the determination that the first input includes the third movement, the electronic device ceases to display the interface (e.g., the interface  1224  in  FIG.  12 AT ). As another example, in accordance with the determination that the first input includes the third movement, the electronic device reverses a visual indication of a respective gesture. 
     In some embodiments, in response to the first movement of two or more of the plurality of contacts toward each other, the electronic device changes ( 1436 ) an appearance of the content; after changing the appearance of the content, the electronic device detects ( 1436 ) a third movement of the plurality of contacts away from each other; and in response to detecting the third movement of the plurality of contacts away from each other, reverses ( 1436 ) at least a portion of the change in appearance of the content. Accordingly, the electronic device provides visual feedback as whether the subset of the content is the target of a content manipulation operation, reducing the number of subsequent erroneous or corrective inputs. Accordingly, the electronic device expends fewer battery and processing resources and experiences less wear-and-tear. For example, changing the appearance of the content includes changing an appearance of selected content relative to unselected content. In some embodiments, the change in appearance of the content gradually progresses as the contacts move closer toward each other (e.g. gradually enlarging and increasing a simulated separation of the selected content in a z-direction as the pinch gesture progresses). As one example, as illustrated in  FIGS.  12 AT and  12 AU , the electronic device  100  ceases to display the second color overlay  1221  and removes bolding of the content that was previously copied. 
     With reference to  FIG.  14 E , in some embodiments, the second content manipulation operation is selected based on a distance of the second movement and performing the second content manipulation operation includes: in accordance with a determination that the second movement is greater than a first movement threshold and less than a second movement threshold, the electronic device performs ( 1438 ) a first alternative operation; and in accordance with a determination that the second movement is greater than the second movement threshold, the electronic device performs ( 1438 ) a second alternative operation that is different from the first alternative operation. By configuring the electronic device to perform multiple operations based on the nature of the second movement, the electronic need not detect multiple inputs in order to cause the electronic device to perform multiple operations. Accordingly, the electronic device experiences less battery usage and wear-and-tear. For example, the first alternative operation corresponds to a cut operation. As another example, the second alternative operation corresponds to a delete operation. As one example, while a cut operation is currently selected, in response to detecting a multi-finger rightwards drag gesture that crosses a first threshold line but not a second threshold line, the electronic device deselects the cut operation and selects a copy operation, whereas, in response to detecting a multi-finger rightwards drag gesture that crosses the first and second threshold lines, the electronic device deselects the cut operation and selects a delete operation. As one example, with reference to  FIG.  12 AE , the electronic device  100  performs a delete operation in response to detecting that the third multi-contact pinch gesture  1248  includes a second movement that crosses the second threshold line  1252 . On the other hand, were the electronic device  100  to determine that the second movement does not cross the second threshold line  1252  (e.g., detects liftoff of the third multi-contact pinch gesture  1248  in  FIG.  12 AD ), the electronic device  100  would instead perform a copy operation. 
     In some embodiments, the second content manipulation operation is selected based on a direction of the second movement and performing the second content manipulation operation includes: in accordance with a determination that the second movement is in a first direction, the electronic device performs ( 1440 ) a first alternative operation; and in accordance with a determination that the second movement is in a second direction that is different from (e.g., substantially opposite to) the first direction, the electronic device performs ( 1440 ) a second alternative operation that is different from the first alternative operation. By configuring the electronic device to perform multiple operations based on the nature of the second movement, the electronic need not detect multiple inputs in order to cause the electronic device to perform multiple operations. Accordingly, the electronic device experiences less battery usage and wear-and-tear. For example, the first alternative operation corresponds to a cut operation. As another example, the second alternative operation corresponds to a delete operation. For example, the first alternative operation corresponds to a cut operation. As another example, the second alternative operation corresponds to a delete operation. As one example, whereas the leftwards second movement in  FIGS.  12 S- 12 U  results in changing from a copy operation to a cut operation, the rightwards second movement in  FIGS.  12 AC- 12 E  results in changing from the copy operation to a delete operation. 
       FIGS.  15 A- 15 C  is a flow diagram of a method  1500  for performing undo or redo operations based on rotational multi-finger gestures in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, the method  1500  is performed at an electronic device (e.g., the electronic device  300  in  FIG.  3   , the portable multifunction device  100  in  FIG.  1 A , or the electronic device  100  in  FIGS.  13 A- 13 AB ) with one or more processors, a non-transitory memory, an input device, and a display device. Some operations in the method  1500  are, optionally, combined and/or the order of some operations is, optionally, changed. 
     According to various embodiments contemplated by the method  1500 , an electronic device performs one or more undo operations and/or one or more redo operations based on a multi-finger rotational gesture input. In some embodiments, the electronic devices performs undo/redo operations based on the magnitude and/or direction of the rotation. In some embodiments, the electronic devices performs an additional undo operation or an additional redo operation based on a multi-finger drag gesture that is detected before liftoff of the multi-finger rotational gesture input. Accordingly, the electronic device saves processor and battery resources by not having to detect multiple inputs in order to perform corresponding multiple undo/redo operations. 
     With reference to  FIG.  15 A , the electronic device displays ( 1502 ), via the display device, content with respect to which a plurality of operations have been performed. As one example, with reference to  FIGS.  13 A- 13 H , the electronic device  100  displays various content items (e.g., drawing marks, text) in response to detecting corresponding content manipulation operations. 
     In some embodiments, the electronic device detects ( 1504 ), on the touch-sensitive surface, a three-finger drag gesture performed with contacts, wherein the three-finger drag gesture is not preceded by rotation of the contacts as a group; and in response to detecting the three-finger drag gesture, the electronic device performs ( 1504 ) a selection operation on a portion of the content. By configuring the electronic device to perform different operations in response to detecting a three-finger drag gesture based on whether or not the three-finger drag gesture is preceded by a rotation of the contacts, the electronic device avoids accidental detection of a three-finger drag gesture to perform the different operations. Accordingly, the electronic device utilizes less processing and battery resources and experiences less wear-and-tear. For example, a magnitude of the three-finger drag gesture determines amount of content that is selected. As one example, with reference to  FIGS.  12 E- 12 G , the electronic device  100  detects the first three-finger drag gesture  1218 , and, in response, selection the subset of the text string  1206  based on the magnitude of the first three-finger drag gesture  1218 . In some embodiments, the portion of the content is ( 1506 ) selected based on a direction of the three-finger drag gesture. For example, in some embodiments, the three-finger drag gesture is ( 1508 ) in a first direction, and the selection operation proceeds in substantially the first direction, such as is illustrated in the rightwards first three-finger drag gesture  1218  and corresponding selection operations illustrated in  FIGS.  12 E- 12 G . As another example, the three-finger drag gesture is ( 1510 ) in a second direction that is different from (e.g., substantially opposite to) the first direction, and the selection operation proceeds in substantially the second direction. 
     While displaying the content, the electronic device detects ( 1512 ), on the touch-sensitive surface, a first multi-finger gesture performed with contacts. By being capable of distinguishing between a single finger gesture and multi-finger gestures, the electronic device may perform different operations based on the gesture type, resulting in an enhanced user interface. For example, the first multi-finger gesture may be directed to any portion of the display, including a canvas, palette, keyboard affordance, etc. 
     In response to detecting the first multi-finger gesture: in accordance with a determination that the first multi-finger gesture includes rotation of the contacts as a group in a first direction (e.g., counter-clockwise), the electronic device undoes ( 1514 ) one or more of the plurality of operations. For example, the rotation is relative to a shared axis of rotation, a shared pivot point, or a shared center of rotation. As another example, a magnitude of the rotation of the contacts determines a magnitude of the undo operations, such as the number of undo operations to perform or how much of a particular content item to undo. In some embodiments, the plurality of operations corresponds to a first temporal sequence of operations and the one or more of the plurality of operations are included in the first sequence of operations. As one example, in response to determining that the first multi-finger gesture  1318  in  FIG.  13 I  include rotation of the plurality of contacts  1318   a - 1318   c  in a substantially counter-clockwise direction, the electronic device  100  undoes the text string  1316 , as illustrated in  FIG.  13 J . 
     In response to detecting the first multi-finger gesture: in accordance with a determination that the first multi-finger gesture includes rotation of the contacts as a group in a second direction (e.g., clockwise), the electronic device redoes ( 1516 ) one or more previously undone operations, wherein the second direction is different from the first direction. For example, the rotation is relative to a shared axis of rotation, a shared pivot point, or a shared center of rotation. As another example, a magnitude of the rotation of the contacts determines a magnitude of the redo operations, such as the number of redo operations to perform or how much of a particular content item to redo. In some embodiments, the previously undone operations are included in a second temporal sequence of operations. As one example, in response to determining that the third multi-finger gesture  1324  in  FIG.  13 O  include rotation of the plurality of contacts  1324   a - 1324   c  in a substantially clockwise direction, the electronic device  100  redoes the first mark  1309 , as illustrated in  FIG.  13 P . 
     With reference to  FIG.  15 B , in some embodiments, after detecting the first multi-finger gesture, the electronic device detects ( 1518 ), on the touch-sensitive surface, a multi-finger drag gesture performed with the contacts, wherein the multi-finger drag gesture corresponds to a continuation of the first multi-finger gesture; and in response to detecting the multi-finger drag gesture: in accordance with a determination that the multi-finger drag gesture more than a predetermined amount of movement in a first direction, the electronic device undoes ( 1518 ) an additional one of the plurality of operations. By performing an additional undo operation based on the same contacts that performed the prior undo operation, the electronic device need not detect a subsequent release and placement of the contacts in order to perform the additional undo operation. Accordingly, the electronic device experiences less battery usage and wear-and-tear. For example, the electronic device detects the multi-finger drag gesture before detecting lift off of the first multi-finger gesture. In some embodiments, a magnitude of the multi-finger drag gesture determines number of operations to undo. For example, the electronic device undoes a prior operation in the first temporal, and the additional one of the plurality of operations is included in the first temporal sequence before the one or more of the plurality of operations. As one example, as illustrated in  FIG.  13 M , the electronic device  100  detects the first multi-finger drag gesture  1322 , which corresponds to a continuation of the second multi-finger gesture  1320  that resulted in an undo operation of the second mark  1312 . In response to detecting the first multi-finger drag gesture  1322  in  FIG.  13 M , the electronic device  100  performs an additional undo operation on the first mark  1309 , as illustrated in  FIG.  13 N . 
     In some embodiments, in response to detecting the multi-finger drag gesture: in accordance with a determination that the multi-finger drag gesture includes more than the predetermined amount of movement in a second direction that is different from the first direction, the electronic device redoes ( 1520 ) an additional one of the one or more previously undone operations. By performing an additional redo operation based on the same contacts that performed the prior redo operation, the electronic device need not detect a subsequent release and placement of the contacts in order to perform the additional redo operation. Accordingly, the electronic device experiences less battery usage and wear-and-tear. In some embodiments, a magnitude of the multi-finger drag gesture determines number of operations to redo. In some embodiments, the electronic device redoes a next operation in the second temporal sequence of operations. For example, the additional one of the one or more previously undone operations is included in the second temporal sequence after the one or more previously undone operations. As one example, as illustrated in  FIG.  13 S , the electronic device  100  detects the second multi-finger drag gesture  1330 , which corresponds to a continuation of the fourth multi-finger gesture  1328  that resulted in a redo operation of the second mark  1312 . In response to detecting the second multi-finger drag gesture  1330  in  FIG.  13 S , the electronic device  100  performs an additional redo operation on the text string  1316 , as illustrated in  FIG.  13 T . 
     In some embodiments, after undoing the one or more of the plurality of operations, the electronic device detects ( 1522 ), on the touch-sensitive surface, a second multi-finger gesture in the first direction, wherein the second multi-finger gesture corresponds to a continuation of the first multi-finger gesture in the first direction; and in response to detecting the second multi-finger gesture in the first direction, the electronic device undoes ( 1522 ) an additional one of the plurality of operations. By performing an additional undo operation based on the same contacts that performed the prior undo operation, the electronic device need not detect a subsequent release and placement of the contacts in order to perform the additional undo operation. In some embodiments, a magnitude of the second multi-finger gesture determines number of operations to undo. For example, the electronic device undoes a prior operation in the first temporal, and the additional one of the plurality of operations is included in the first temporal sequence before the one or more of the plurality of operations. As one example, as illustrated in  FIG.  13 K , the electronic device  100  detects the second multi-finger gesture  1320  that rotates in the first direction. The second multi-finger gesture  1320  corresponds to a continuation of the first multi-finger gesture  1318  that also rotates in the first direction and results in undoing the text string  1316 . In response to detecting the second multi-finger gesture  1320  in  FIG.  13 K , the electronic device  100  performs an additional undo operation on the second mark  1312 . In some embodiments, the electronic device selects ( 1524 ) the additional one of the plurality of operations based on a reverse sequential order. As one example, with reference to  FIGS.  13 I- 13 L , the ordering of the undo operations corresponds to the reverse sequential order in which the targeted content items were created in  FIGS.  13 D- 13 H . In some embodiments, the electronic device selects the additional one of the plurality of operations according to a last in, first out (LIFO) operation. 
     In some embodiments, after redoing the one or more previously undone operations, the electronic device detects ( 1526 ), on the touch-sensitive surface, a second multi-finger gesture in the second direction, wherein the second multi-finger gesture corresponds to a continuation of the first multi-finger gesture in the second direction; and in response to detecting the second multi-finger gesture in the second direction, the electronic device redoes ( 1526 ) an additional one of the one or more previously undone operations. By performing an additional redo operation based on the same contacts that performed the prior redo operation, the electronic device need not detect a subsequent release and placement of the contacts in order to perform the additional redo operation. Accordingly, the electronic device experiences less battery usage and wear-and-tear. In some embodiments, the additional one of the one or more previously undone operations is included in the second temporal sequence after the one or more previously undone operations. As one example, as illustrated in  FIG.  13 Q , the electronic device  100  detects the fourth multi-finger gesture  1328  that rotates in the second direction. The fourth multi-finger gesture  1328  corresponds to a continuation of the third multi-finger gesture  1324  that also rotates in the second direction and results in redoing the first mark  1309 . In response to detecting the fourth multi-finger gesture  1328  in  FIG.  13 Q , the electronic device  100  performs an additional undo operation on the second mark  1312 , as illustrated in  FIG.  13 R . In some embodiments, the electronic device selects ( 1528 ) the additional one of the one or more previously undone operations based on a reverse sequential order. As one example, with reference to  FIGS.  13 O- 13 R , the ordering of the redo operations corresponds to the reverse sequential order in which the targeted content items were undone  FIGS.  13 K- 13 N . In some embodiments, the electronic device selects the additional one of the one or more previously undone operation according to a last in, first out (LIFO) operation. 
     With reference to  FIG.  15 C , in some embodiments, after detecting the first multi-finger gesture, the electronic device detects ( 1530 ), on the touch-sensitive surface, a second multi-finger gesture performed with the contacts, wherein the second multi-finger gesture corresponds to a continuation of the first multi-finger gesture; and in response to detecting the second multi-finger gesture: in accordance with a determination that the first multi-finger gesture includes rotation of the contacts as the group in the first direction and that the second multi-finger gesture includes rotation of the contacts as the group in the second direction, the electronic device redoes ( 1530 ) the one or more of the plurality of previously undone operations; and in accordance with a determination that the first multi-finger gesture includes rotation of the contacts as the group in the second direction and that the second multi-finger gesture includes rotation of the contacts as the group in the first direction, the electronic device undoes ( 1530 ) the one or more previously redone operations. By reversing the previous operation based on a rotation of the same contacts, the electronic device need not detect an additional set of contacts input in order to reverse the previous operation. 
     The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best use the invention and various described embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20200408
Publication Date: 20231121
Grant Date: 20231121
Priority Date: 20190415
Inventors: GRIFFIN, BRADLEY W.
WINER, MORGAN H.
WESTERMAN, WAYNE CARL
SOLI, CHRISTOPHER D.
BURKLE, MEREDITH NOELANI
ANDREWS, SARA E.
PATERSON, TOBY CHARLES WOOD
LEMAY, STEPHEN O.
COFFMAN, PATRICK LEE
JON, TIFFANY S.
KUDURSHIAN, ARAM D.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0484", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0481", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04808", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04845", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06T11/60", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 70465559