PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-10175864-B2
Application Number: US-201414535671-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Device, method, and graphical user interface for selecting object within a group of objects in accordance with contact intensity

Abstract:
An electronic device: displays a plurality of objects, where two or more of the objects are grouped together in a group of objects and one or more other objects of the plurality of objects are not in the group; detects a first gesture that includes a first press input at a location that corresponds to a respective object in the group. in response to detecting the first gesture, the device selects one or more of the plurality of objects as a set of selected objects. If the first press input had a maximum intensity below a first intensity threshold, the set includes the objects in the group and excludes the other objects that are not in the group. If the first press input had an intensity above the first intensity threshold, the set includes the respective object and excludes one or more objects in the group and the other objects that are not in the group.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions which, when executed by an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, cause the device to:
 display a plurality of user interface objects on the display, wherein two or more of the user interface objects are grouped together in a group of objects and one or more other objects of the plurality of user interface objects are not in the group of objects; 
 detect a first gesture that includes a first press input corresponding to a first contact, wherein the first press input is detected at a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to a respective object in the group of objects; and 
 in response to detecting the first gesture, select one or more of the plurality of objects as a set of selected objects, wherein selecting the set of selected objects includes:
 in accordance with a determination that the first press input had a maximum intensity below a first intensity threshold, selecting the set of selected objects so as to include the objects in the group of objects and exclude the one or more other objects that are not in the group of objects; and 
 in accordance with a determination that the first press input had an intensity above the first intensity threshold, selecting the set of selected objects so as to include the respective object and exclude:
 one or more objects in the group of objects; and 
 the one or more other objects that are not in the group of objects. 
 
 
 
     
     
       2. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the respective object is a member of a sub-group of objects that includes the respective object and at least one additional object from the group of objects; and 
 the non-transitory computer readable storage medium includes instructions which cause the device to:
 while the set of selected objects includes the sub-group of objects, detect a second gesture that includes a second press input corresponding to a second contact, wherein the second press input is detected at a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the respective object; and 
 in response to detecting the second gesture:
 in accordance with a determination that the second press input had a maximum intensity below the first intensity threshold, maintain selection of the set of selected objects that includes the sub-group of objects; and 
 in accordance with a determination that the second press input had an intensity above the first intensity threshold, modify the set of selected objects so as to include the respective object and exclude one or more objects in the sub-group of objects. 
 
 
 
     
     
       3. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the respective object is a member of a sub-group of objects that includes the respective object and at least one additional object from the group of objects; and 
 selecting the set of selected objects includes:
 in accordance with a determination that the first press input had a maximum intensity between the first intensity threshold and a second intensity threshold, selecting the set of selected objects so as to include the objects in the sub-group of objects and exclude one or more objects in the group of objects; and 
 in accordance with a determination that the first press input had a maximum intensity above the second intensity threshold, selecting the set of selected objects so as to include the respective object and exclude one or more objects in the sub-group of objects. 
 
 
     
     
       4. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the respective object is a member of a sub-group of objects that includes the respective object and at least one additional object from the group of objects; and 
 the non-transitory computer readable storage medium includes instructions which cause the device to, while detecting the first contact, display a first group indicator for the group and a second group indicator for the sub-group, wherein:
 the first group indicator provides an indication of a first region of the display that includes all of the objects in the group; and 
 the second group indicator provides an indication of a second region of the display that includes all of the objects in the sub-group. 
 
 
     
     
       5. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 4 , wherein:
 the first gesture includes movement of the first contact across the touch-sensitive surface; and 
 the non-transitory computer readable storage medium includes instructions which cause the device to, in response to detecting the first gesture:
 move the set of selected objects relative to unselected objects that are not included in the set of selected objects; 
 in accordance with a determination that movement of the set of selected objects includes movement of an object in the group outside of the first region, update the first group indicator to provide an indication of an updated first region of the display that includes all of the objects in the group; and 
 in accordance with a determination that movement of the set of selected objects includes movement of an object in the sub-group outside of the second region, update the second group indicator to provide an indication of an updated second region of the display that includes all of the objects in the sub-group. 
 
 
     
     
       6. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 5 , wherein updating the first group indicator includes displaying an animation of the first group indicator transitioning from indicating the first region to indicating the updated first region. 
     
     
       7. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 5 , wherein updating the second group indicator includes displaying an animation of the second group indicator transitioning from indicating the second region to indicating the updated second region. 
     
     
       8. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 5 , wherein the first group indicator is updated concurrently with the second group indicator. 
     
     
       9. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 1 , including instructions which cause the device to:
 display a current selection indicator indicating one or more objects that will move in accordance with movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface, wherein:
 while the first press input has an intensity below the first intensity threshold, the current selection indicator indicates that the group of objects will move in accordance with movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface; and 
 
 in response to determining that the first press input has exceeded the first intensity threshold, adjust the appearance of the current selection indicator to indicate that the respective object or a sub-group of objects that includes the respective object will move in accordance with movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface. 
 
     
     
       10. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 9 , wherein adjusting the appearance of the current selection indicator includes displaying an animation of a plurality of resizing handles moving from a first boundary indicating an extent of the group of objects on the display to a second boundary indicating an extent of the respective object or the sub-group of objects on the display. 
     
     
       11. An electronic device, comprising:
 a display; 
 a touch-sensitive surface; 
 one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface; 
 one or more processors; 
 memory; and 
 one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for:
 displaying a plurality of user interface objects on the display, wherein two or more of the user interface objects are grouped together in a group of objects and one or more other objects of the plurality of user interface objects are not in the group of objects; 
 detecting a first gesture that includes a first press input corresponding to a first contact, wherein the first press input is detected at a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to a respective object in the group of objects; and 
 in response to detecting the first gesture, selecting one or more of the plurality of objects as a set of selected objects, wherein selecting the set of selected objects includes:
 in accordance with a determination that the first press input had a maximum intensity below a first intensity threshold, selecting the set of selected objects so as to include the objects in the group of objects and exclude the one or more other objects that are not in the group of objects; and 
 in accordance with a determination that the first press input had an intensity above the first intensity threshold, selecting the set of selected objects so as to include the respective object and exclude:
 one or more objects in the group of objects; and 
 the one or more other objects that are not in the group of objects. 
 
 
 
 
     
     
       12. The electronic device of  claim 11 , wherein:
 the respective object is a member of a sub-group of objects that includes the respective object and at least one additional object from the group of objects; and 
 the one or more programs include instructions for:
 while the set of selected objects includes the sub-group of objects, detecting a second gesture that includes a second press input corresponding to a second contact, wherein the second press input is detected at a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the respective object; and 
 in response to detecting the second gesture:
 in accordance with a determination that the second press input had a maximum intensity below the first intensity threshold, maintaining selection of the set of selected objects that includes the sub-group of objects; and 
 in accordance with a determination that the second press input had an intensity above the first intensity threshold, modifying the set of selected objects so as to include the respective object and exclude one or more objects in the sub-group of objects. 
 
 
 
     
     
       13. The electronic device of  claim 11 , wherein:
 the respective object is a member of a sub-group of objects that includes the respective object and at least one additional object from the group of objects; and 
 selecting the set of selected objects includes:
 in accordance with a determination that the first press input had a maximum intensity between the first intensity threshold and a second intensity threshold, selecting the set of selected objects so as to include the objects in the sub-group of objects and exclude one or more objects in the group of objects; and 
 in accordance with a determination that the first press input had a maximum intensity above the second intensity threshold, selecting the set of selected objects so as to include the respective object and exclude one or more objects in the sub-group of objects. 
 
 
     
     
       14. The electronic device of  claim 11 , wherein:
 the respective object is a member of a sub-group of objects that includes the respective object and at least one additional object from the group of objects; and 
 the one or more programs include instructions for, while detecting the first contact, displaying a first group indicator for the group and a second group indicator for the sub-group, wherein:
 the first group indicator provides an indication of a first region of the display that includes all of the objects in the group; and 
 the second group indicator provides an indication of a second region of the display that includes all of the objects in the sub-group. 
 
 
     
     
       15. The electronic device of  claim 14 , wherein:
 the first gesture includes movement of the first contact across the touch-sensitive surface; and 
 the one or more programs include instructions for, in response to detecting the first gesture:
 moving the set of selected objects relative to unselected objects that are not included in the set of selected objects; 
 in accordance with a determination that movement of the set of selected objects includes movement of an object in the group outside of the first region, updating the first group indicator to provide an indication of an updated first region of the display that includes all of the objects in the group; and 
 in accordance with a determination that movement of the set of selected objects includes movement of an object in the sub-group outside of the second region, updating the second group indicator to provide an indication of an updated second region of the display that includes all of the objects in the sub-group. 
 
 
     
     
       16. The electronic device of  claim 15 , wherein updating the first group indicator includes displaying an animation of the first group indicator transitioning from indicating the first region to indicating the updated first region. 
     
     
       17. The electronic device of  claim 15 , wherein updating the second group indicator includes displaying an animation of the second group indicator transitioning from indicating the second region to indicating the updated second region. 
     
     
       18. The electronic device of  claim 15 , wherein the first group indicator is updated concurrently with the second group indicator. 
     
     
       19. The electronic device of  claim 11 , wherein the one or more programs include instructions for:
 displaying a current selection indicator indicating one or more objects that will move in accordance with movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface, wherein:
 while the first press input has an intensity below the first intensity threshold, the current selection indicator indicates that the group of objects will move in accordance with movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface; and 
 
 in response to determining that the first press input has exceeded the first intensity threshold, adjusting the appearance of the current selection indicator to indicate that the respective object or a sub-group of objects that includes the respective object will move in accordance with movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface. 
 
     
     
       20. The electronic device of  claim 19 , wherein adjusting the appearance of the current selection indicator includes displaying an animation of a plurality of resizing handles moving from a first boundary indicating an extent of the group of objects on the display to a second boundary indicating an extent of the respective object or the sub-group of objects on the display. 
     
     
       21. A method, comprising:
 at an electronic device with a touch-sensitive surface and a display, wherein the device includes one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface:
 displaying a plurality of user interface objects on the display, wherein two or more of the user interface objects are grouped together in a group of objects and one or more other objects of the plurality of user interface objects are not in the group of objects; 
 detecting a first gesture that includes a first press input corresponding to a first contact, wherein the first press input is detected at a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to a respective object in the group of objects; and 
 in response to detecting the first gesture, selecting one or more of the plurality of objects as a set of selected objects, wherein selecting the set of selected objects includes:
 in accordance with a determination that the first press input had a maximum intensity below a first intensity threshold, selecting the set of selected objects so as to include the objects in the group of objects and exclude the one or more other objects that are not in the group of objects; and 
 in accordance with a determination that the first press input had an intensity above the first intensity threshold, selecting the set of selected objects so as to include the respective object and exclude:
 one or more objects in the group of objects; and 
 the one or more other objects that are not in the group of objects. 
 
 
 
 
     
     
       22. The method of  claim 21 , wherein:
 the respective object is a member of a sub-group of objects that includes the respective object and at least one additional object from the group of objects; and 
 the method includes:
 while the set of selected objects includes the sub-group of objects, detecting a second gesture that includes a second press input corresponding to a second contact, wherein the second press input is detected at a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the respective object; and 
 in response to detecting the second gesture:
 in accordance with a determination that the second press input had a maximum intensity below the first intensity threshold, maintaining selection of the set of selected objects that includes the sub-group of objects; and 
 in accordance with a determination that the second press input had an intensity above the first intensity threshold, modifying the set of selected objects so as to include the respective object and exclude one or more objects in the sub-group of objects. 
 
 
 
     
     
       23. The method of  claim 21 , wherein:
 the respective object is a member of a sub-group of objects that includes the respective object and at least one additional object from the group of objects; and 
 selecting the set of selected objects includes:
 in accordance with a determination that the first press input had a maximum intensity between the first intensity threshold and a second intensity threshold, selecting the set of selected objects so as to include the objects in the sub-group of objects and exclude one or more objects in the group of objects; and 
 in accordance with a determination that the first press input had a maximum intensity above the second intensity threshold, selecting the set of selected objects so as to include the respective object and exclude one or more objects in the sub-group of objects. 
 
 
     
     
       24. The method of  claim 21 , wherein:
 the respective object is a member of a sub-group of objects that includes the respective object and at least one additional object from the group of objects; and 
 the method includes, while detecting the first contact, displaying a first group indicator for the group and a second group indicator for the sub-group, wherein:
 the first group indicator provides an indication of a first region of the display that includes all of the objects in the group; and 
 the second group indicator provides an indication of a second region of the display that includes all of the objects in the sub-group. 
 
 
     
     
       25. The method of  claim 24 , wherein:
 the first gesture includes movement of the first contact across the touch-sensitive surface; and 
 the method includes, in response to detecting the first gesture:
 moving the set of selected objects relative to unselected objects that are not included in the set of selected objects; 
 in accordance with a determination that movement of the set of selected objects includes movement of an object in the group outside of the first region, updating the first group indicator to provide an indication of an updated first region of the display that includes all of the objects in the group; and 
 in accordance with a determination that movement of the set of selected objects includes movement of an object in the sub-group outside of the second region, updating the second group indicator to provide an indication of an updated second region of the display that includes all of the objects in the sub-group. 
 
 
     
     
       26. The method of  claim 25 , wherein updating the first group indicator includes displaying an animation of the first group indicator transitioning from indicating the first region to indicating the updated first region. 
     
     
       27. The method of  claim 25 , wherein updating the second group indicator includes displaying an animation of the second group indicator transitioning from indicating the second region to indicating the updated second region. 
     
     
       28. The method of  claim 25 , wherein the first group indicator is updated concurrently with the second group indicator. 
     
     
       29. The method of  claim 21 , including:
 displaying a current selection indicator indicating one or more objects that will move in accordance with movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface, wherein:
 while the first press input has an intensity below the first intensity threshold, the current selection indicator indicates that the group of objects will move in accordance with movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface; and 
 
 in response to determining that the first press input has exceeded the first intensity threshold, adjusting the appearance of the current selection indicator to indicate that the respective object or a sub-group of objects that includes the respective object will move in accordance with movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface. 
 
     
     
       30. The method of  claim 29 , wherein adjusting the appearance of the current selection indicator includes displaying an animation of a plurality of resizing handles moving from a first boundary indicating an extent of the group of objects on the display to a second boundary indicating an extent of the respective object or the sub-group of objects on the display.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This Application is a continuation of PCT Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2013/040053, filed on May 8, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Selecting Object within a Group of Objects,” which claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,092, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Selecting Object within a Group of Objects;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/747,278, filed Dec. 29, 2012, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Manipulating User Interface Objects with Visual and/or Haptic Feedback;” and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/688,227, filed May 9, 2012, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Manipulating User Interface Objects with Visual and/or Haptic Feedback,” which applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. 
     This application is also related to the following: U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,125, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Navigating User Interface Hierarchies;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,156, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Manipulating Framed Graphical Objects;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,179, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Scrolling Nested Regions;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,171, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Displaying Additional Information in Response to a User Contact;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,191, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Displaying User Interface Objects Corresponding to an Application;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,211, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Facilitating User Interaction with Controls in a User Interface;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,239, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Forgoing Generation of Tactile Output for a Multi-Contact Gesture;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,284, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Providing Tactile Feedback for Operations Performed in a User Interface;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,287, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Providing Feedback for Changing Activation States of a User Interface Object;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,363, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Transitioning between Touch Input to Display Output Relationships;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,367, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Moving a User Interface Object Based on an Intensity of a Press Input;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,265, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Transitioning between Display States in Response to a Gesture;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,373, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Managing Activation of a Control Based on Contact Intensity;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,412, filed on Mar. 13, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Displaying Content Associated with a Corresponding Affordance;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,413, filed on Mar. 13, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Selecting User Interface Objects;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,414, filed on Mar. 13, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Moving and Dropping a User Interface Object;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,416, filed on Mar. 13, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Determining Whether to Scroll or Select Content;” and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,418, filed on Mar. 13, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Switching between User Interfaces,” which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
     This application is also related to the following: U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/645,033, filed on May 9, 2012, entitled “Adaptive Haptic Feedback for Electronic Devices;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/665,603, filed on Jun. 28, 2012, entitled “Adaptive Haptic Feedback for Electronic Devices;” and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/681,098, filed on Aug. 8, 2012, entitled “Adaptive Haptic Feedback for Electronic Devices,” which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This relates generally to electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces, including but not limited to electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces that detect inputs for manipulating user interfaces. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The use of touch-sensitive surfaces as input devices for computers and other electronic computing devices has increased significantly in recent years. Exemplary touch-sensitive surfaces include touch pads and touch screen displays. Such surfaces are widely used to manipulate user interface objects on a display. 
     Exemplary manipulations include adjusting the position and/or size of one or more user interface objects or activating buttons or opening files/applications represented by user interface objects, as well as associating metadata with one or more user interface objects or otherwise manipulating user interfaces. Exemplary user interface objects include digital images, video, text, icons, control elements such as buttons and other graphics. A user will, in some circumstances, need to perform such manipulations on user interface objects in a file management program (e.g., Finder from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), an image management application (e.g., Aperture or iPhoto from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), a digital content (e.g., videos and music) management application (e.g., iTunes from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), a drawing application, a presentation application (e.g., Keynote from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), a word processing application (e.g., Pages from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), a website creation application (e.g., iWeb from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), a disk authoring application (e.g., iDVD from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), or a spreadsheet application (e.g., Numbers from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.). 
     But existing methods for performing these manipulations are cumbersome and inefficient. In addition, existing methods take longer than necessary, thereby wasting energy. This latter consideration is particularly important in battery-operated devices. 
     SUMMARY 
     Accordingly, there is a need for electronic devices with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for manipulating user interfaces. Such methods and interfaces optionally complement or replace conventional methods for manipulating user interfaces. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges. 
     The above deficiencies and other problems associated with user interfaces for electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces are reduced or eliminated by the disclosed devices. In some embodiments, the device is a desktop computer. In some embodiments, the device is portable (e.g., a notebook computer, tablet computer, or handheld device). In some embodiments, the device has a touchpad. In some embodiments, the device has a touch-sensitive display (also known as a “touch screen” or “touch screen display”). In some embodiments, the device has a graphical user interface (GUI), one or more processors, memory and one or more modules, programs or sets of instructions stored in the memory for performing multiple functions. In some embodiments, the user interacts with the GUI primarily through finger contacts and gestures on the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the functions optionally include image editing, drawing, presenting, word processing, website creating, disk authoring, spreadsheet making, game playing, telephoning, video conferencing, e-mailing, instant messaging, workout support, digital photographing, digital videoing, web browsing, digital music playing, and/or digital video playing. Executable instructions for performing these functions are, optionally, included in a non-transitory computer readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors. 
     There is a need for electronic devices with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for aligning user interface objects. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for aligning user interface objects. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: displaying a plurality of user interface objects on the display; detecting selection of a first user interface object; detecting a gesture that includes movement of a contact across the touch-sensitive surface; and moving the first user interface object on the display within a predefined distance of a second user interface object in accordance with movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface. The method further includes, in response to movement of the first user interface object within the predefined distance of the second user interface object: in accordance with a determination that the gesture meets predefined intensity criteria, performing a first device-generated alignment operation, where the first device-generated alignment operation includes moving the second user interface object into alignment with the first user interface object by adjusting a position of the second user interface object with respect to a current position of the first user interface object on the display; and in accordance with a determination that the gesture does not meet the predefined intensity criteria, performing a second device-generated alignment operation, where the second device-generated alignment operation includes moving the first user interface object into alignment with the second user interface object by adjusting a position of the first user interface object with respect to a current position of the second user interface object on the display. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display a plurality of user interface objects; a touch-sensitive surface unit configured to detect a gesture that includes movement of a contact across the touch-sensitive surface unit; one or more sensor units configured to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit; and a processing unit coupled to the display unit, the touch-sensitive surface unit, and the one or more sensor units. The processing unit is configured to detect selection of a first user interface object; detect a gesture including movement of a contact across the touch-sensitive surface unit; move the first user interface object on the display unit within a predefined distance of a second user interface object in accordance with movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface unit. The processing unit is further configured to, in response to movement of the first user interface object within the predefined distance of the second user interface object: in accordance with a determination that the gesture meets predefined intensity criteria, perform a first device-generated alignment operation, where the first device-generated alignment operation includes moving the second user interface object into alignment with the first user interface object by adjusting a position of the second user interface object with respect to a current position of the first user interface object on the display unit; and in accordance with a determination that the gesture does not meet the predefined intensity criteria, perform a second device-generated alignment operation, where the second device-generated alignment operation includes moving the first user interface object into alignment with the second user interface object by adjusting a position of the first user interface object with respect to a current position of the second user interface object on the display unit. 
     Thus, electronic devices with displays, touch-sensitive surfaces and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface are provided with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for aligning user interface objects, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. 
     There is a need for electronic devices with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for selecting objects within a group of objects. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for selecting objects within a group of objects. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: displaying a plurality of user interface objects on the display, where two or more of the user interface objects are grouped together in a group of objects and one or more other objects of the plurality of user interface objects are not in the group of objects; detecting a first gesture that includes a first press input corresponding to a first contact, where the first press input is detected at a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to a respective object in the group of objects; and in response to detecting the first gesture, selecting one or more of the plurality of objects as a set of selected objects. Selecting the set of selected objects includes: in accordance with a determination that the first press input had a maximum intensity below a first intensity threshold, selecting the set of selected objects so as to include the objects in the group of objects and exclude the one or more other objects that are not in the group of objects; and in accordance with a determination that the first press input had an intensity above the first intensity threshold, selecting the set of selected objects so as to include the respective object and exclude: one or more objects in the group of objects and the one or more other objects that are not in the group of objects. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display a plurality of user interface objects, wherein two or more of the user interface objects are grouped together in a group of objects and one or more other objects of the plurality of user interface objects are not in the group of objects; a touch-sensitive surface unit configured to receive gestures; one or more sensor unit configured to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit; and a processing unit coupled to the display unit, the touch-sensitive surface unit, and the sensor units. The processing unit is configured to: detect a first gesture that includes a first press input corresponding to a first contact, where the first press input is detected at a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to a respective object in the group of objects; and in response to detecting the first gesture, select one or more of the plurality of objects as a set of selected objects. Selecting the set of selected objects includes: in accordance with a determination that the first press input had a maximum intensity below a first intensity threshold, selecting the set of selected objects so as to include the objects in the group of objects and exclude the one or more other objects that are not in the group of objects; and in accordance with a determination that the first press input had an intensity above the first intensity threshold, selecting the set of selected objects so as to include the respective object and exclude one or more objects in the group of objects and the one or more other objects that are not in the group of objects. 
     Thus, electronic devices with displays, touch-sensitive surfaces and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface are provided with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for selecting objects within a group of objects, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for selecting objects within a group of objects. 
     There is a need for electronic devices with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for changing a distance between user interface objects. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for changing a distance between user interface objects. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: displaying a plurality of user interface objects on the display, where the plurality of user interface objects include a first user interface object and a second user interface object; and while a focus selector is at a location on the display corresponding to the first user interface object, detecting a gesture that includes an increase in intensity of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface. The method further includes, in response to detecting the gesture, changing a distance between the first user interface object and the second user interface object in accordance with an intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display a plurality of user interface objects on the display unit, where the plurality of user interface objects include a first user interface object and a second user interface object; and a processing unit coupled to the display unit; a touch-sensitive surface unit configured to receive contacts; one or more sensor units configured to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit; and a processing unit coupled to the display unit, the touch-sensitive surface unit, and the sensor units. The processing unit is configured to: while a focus selector is at a location on the display unit corresponding to the first user interface object, detect a gesture that includes an increase in intensity of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit; and in response to detecting the gesture, change a distance between the first user interface object and the second user interface object in accordance with an intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit. 
     Thus, electronic devices with displays, touch-sensitive surfaces and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface are provided with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for changing a distance between user interface objects, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for changing a distance between user interface objects. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display, a touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, one or more processors, memory, and one or more programs; the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors and the one or more programs include instructions for performing the operations of any of the methods referred to in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments. In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface on an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, a memory, and one or more processors to execute one or more programs stored in the memory includes one or more of the elements displayed in any of the methods referred to in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments, which are updated in response to inputs, as described in any of the methods referred to in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments. In accordance with some embodiments, a computer readable storage medium has stored therein instructions which when executed by an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, cause the device to perform the operations of any of the methods referred to in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments . In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes: a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface; and means for performing the operations of any of the methods referred to in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments. In accordance with some embodiments, an information processing apparatus, for use in an electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, includes means for performing the operations of any of the methods referred to in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a better understanding of the various described embodiments, reference should be made to the Description of Embodiments below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures. 
         FIG. 1A  is a block diagram illustrating a portable multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 1B  is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a portable multifunction device having a touch screen in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 4A  illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu of applications on a portable multifunction device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 4B  illustrates an exemplary user interface for a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 5A-5N  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for moving user interface objects into alignment with respect to one another in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 6A-6F  graphically illustrate activation of the first or second device-generated alignment operation, respectively, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 7A-7C  are flow diagrams illustrating a method for moving user interface objects into alignment with respect to one another in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 8  is a functional block diagram of an electronic device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 9A-9Y  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for selecting objects within a group of objects in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 10A-10D  are flow diagrams illustrating a method of selecting objects within a group of objects in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 11  is a functional block diagram of an electronic device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 12A-12I  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for changing a distance between user interface objects in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 13A-13C  are flow diagrams illustrating a method of changing a distance between user interface objects in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 14  is a functional block diagram of an electronic device in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     The methods, devices and GUIs described herein provide visual and/or haptic feedback that makes manipulation of user interface objects more efficient and intuitive for a user. For example, in a system where the clicking action of a trackpad is decoupled from the contact intensity (e.g., contact force, contact pressure, or a substitute therefore) that is needed to reach an activation threshold, the device can generate different tactile outputs (e.g., “different clicks”) for different activation events (e.g., so that clicks that accomplish a particular result are differentiated from clicks that do not produce any result or that accomplish a different result from the particular result). Additionally, tactile outputs can be generated in response to other events that are not related to increasing intensity of a contact, such as generating a tactile output (e.g., a “detent”) when a user interface object is moved to a particular position, boundary or orientation, or when an event occurs at the device. 
     Additionally, in a system where a trackpad or touch-screen display is sensitive to a range of contact intensity that includes more than one or two specific intensity values (e.g., more than a simple on/off, binary intensity determination), the user interface can provide responses (e.g., visual or tactile cues) that are indicative of the intensity of the contact within the range. In some implementations, a pre-activation-threshold response and/or a post-activation-threshold response to an input are displayed as continuous animations. As one example of such a response, a preview of an operation is displayed in response to detecting an increase in contact intensity that is still below an activation threshold for performing the operation. As another example of such a response, an animation associated with an operation continues even after the activation threshold for the operation has been reached. Both of these examples provide a user with a continuous response to the force or pressure of a user&#39;s contact, which provides a user with visual and/or haptic feedback that is richer and more intuitive. More specifically, such continuous force responses give the user the experience of being able to press lightly to preview an operation and/or press deeply to push “past” or “through” a predefined user interface state corresponding to the operation. 
     Additionally, for a device with a touch-sensitive surface that is sensitive to a range of contact intensity, multiple contact intensity thresholds can be monitored by the device and different functions can be mapped to different contact intensity thresholds. This serves to increase the available “gesture space” providing easy access to advanced features for users who know that increasing the intensity of a contact at or beyond a second “deep press” intensity threshold will cause the device to perform a different operation from an operation that would be performed if the intensity of the contact is between a first “activation” intensity threshold and the second “deep press” intensity threshold. An advantage of assigning additional functionality to a second “deep press” intensity threshold while maintaining familiar functionality at a first “activation” intensity threshold is that inexperienced users who are, in some circumstances, confused by the additional functionality can use the familiar functionality by just applying an intensity up to the first “activation” intensity threshold, whereas more experienced users can take advantage of the additional functionality by applying an intensity at the second “deep press” intensity threshold. 
     Additionally, for a device with a touch-sensitive surface that is sensitive to a range of contact intensity, the device can provide additional functionality by allowing users to perform complex operations with a single continuous contact. For example, when selecting a group of objects, a user can move a continuous contact around the touch-sensitive surface and can press while dragging (e.g., applying an intensity greater than a “deep press” intensity threshold) to add additional elements to a selection. In this way, a user can intuitively interact with a user interface where pressing harder with a contact causes objects in the user interface to be “stickier.” 
     A number of different approaches to providing an intuitive user interface on a device where a clicking action is decoupled from the force that is needed to reach an activation threshold and/or the device is sensitive to a wide range of contact intensities are described below. Using one or more of these approaches (optionally in conjunction with each other) helps to provide a user interface that intuitively provides users with additional information and functionality, thereby reducing the user&#39;s cognitive burden and improving the human-machine interface. Such improvements in the human-machine interface enable users to use the device faster and more efficiently. For battery-operated devices, these improvements conserve power and increase the time between battery charges. For ease of explanation, systems, methods and user interfaces for including illustrative examples of some of these approaches are described below, as follows:
         Many electronic devices use graphical user interfaces to display electronic documents. There is often a need to manipulate the position of one or more user interface objects with respect to the position of a different user interface object. The embodiments described below address this problem by providing devices that quickly, efficiently, and intuitively use different types of alignment modes, depending on the intensity (e.g., pressure) applied by a finger contact during an alignment gesture. In particular,  FIGS. 5A-5N  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for aligning user interface objects.  FIGS. 6A-6F  are diagrams illustrating a change in intensity of a contact over time while aligning user interface objects.  FIGS. 7A-7C  are flow diagrams illustrating a method of aligning user interface objects. The user interfaces in  FIGS. 5A-5N  and diagrams in  FIGS. 6A-6F  are used to illustrate the processes in  FIGS. 7A-7C .   In some applications, a user optionally groups objects into groups and sub-groups, and select one or more objects for manipulation. However, in some circumstances, the process of selecting an object within a group of objects includes multiple steps to separately navigate through the groupings and sub-groupings of objects and then select a particular object in the group of objects. This multi-step process can be confusing and time consuming for the user. The embodiments described below provide methods for using the intensity of the input on a touch-sensitive surface to determine whether to select a group of objects or a sub-group of objects, thereby enabling the user to quickly, efficiently, and intuitively select objects or sub-groups of objects that are part of a group of objects. In particular,  9 A- 9 Y illustrate exemplary user interfaces for selecting objects within a group of objects.  FIGS. 10A-10D  are flow diagrams illustrating a method of selecting objects within a group of objects. The user interfaces in  FIGS. 9A-9Y  are used to illustrate the processes in  FIGS. 10A-10D .   Many electronic devices have a graphical interface in which user interface objects move closer, or further apart, in response to a user input on a separate object spacing control or by separately repositioning objects using multiple separate inputs. The embodiments below provide methods for quickly, efficiently, and intuitively changing the distance between two user interface objects in accordance with an intensity of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface, while a focus selector over one of the user interface objects. In particular,  FIGS. 12A-12I  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for changing a distance between user interface objects.  FIGS. 13A-13C  are flow diagrams illustrating a method of changing a distance between user interface objects. The user interfaces in  FIGS. 12A-12I  are used to illustrate the processes illustrated in  FIGS. 13A-13C .       

     Exemplary Devices 
     Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the various described embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments. 
     It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. are, in some instances, used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first contact could be termed a second contact, and, similarly, a second contact could be termed a first contact, without departing from the scope of the various described embodiments. The first contact and the second contact are both contacts, but they are not the same contact. 
     The terminology used in the description of the various described embodiments herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various described embodiments and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     As used herein, the term “if” is, optionally, construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” is, optionally, construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event],” depending on the context. 
     Embodiments of electronic devices, user interfaces for such devices, and associated processes for using such devices are described. In some embodiments, the device is a portable communications device, such as a mobile telephone, that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/or music player functions. Exemplary embodiments of portable multifunction devices include, without limitation, the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. Other portable electronic devices, such as laptops or tablet computers with touch-sensitive surfaces (e.g., touch screen displays and/or touch pads), are, optionally, used. It should also be understood that, in some embodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but is a desktop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch screen display and/or a touch pad). 
     In the discussion that follows, an electronic device that includes a display and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should be understood, however, that the electronic device optionally includes one or more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physical keyboard, a mouse and/or a joystick. 
     The device typically supports a variety of applications, such as one or more of the following: a drawing application, a presentation application, a word processing application, a website creation application, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheet application, a gaming application, a telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, a workout support application, a photo management application, a digital camera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing application, a digital music player application, and/or a digital video player application. 
     The various applications that are executed on the device optionally use at least one common physical user-interface device, such as the touch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitive surface as well as corresponding information displayed on the device are, optionally, adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physical architecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the device optionally supports the variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and transparent to the user. 
     Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable devices with touch-sensitive displays.  FIG. 1A  is a block diagram illustrating portable multifunction device  100  with touch-sensitive displays  112  in accordance with some embodiments. Touch-sensitive display  112  is sometimes called a “touch screen” for convenience, and is sometimes known as or called a touch-sensitive display system. Device  100  includes memory  102  (which optionally includes one or more computer readable storage mediums), memory controller  122 , one or more processing units (CPU&#39;s)  120 , peripherals interface  118 , RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , input/output (I/O) subsystem  106 , other input or control devices  116 , and external port  124 . Device  100  optionally includes one or more optical sensors  164 . Device  100  optionally includes one or more intensity sensors  165  for detecting intensity of contacts on device  100  (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive display system  112  of device  100 ). Device  100  optionally includes one or more tactile output generators  167  for generating tactile outputs on device  100  (e.g., generating tactile outputs on a touch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive display system  112  of device  100  or touchpad  355  of device  300 ). These components optionally communicate over one or more communication buses or signal lines  103 . 
     As used in the specification and claims, the term “intensity” of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface refers to the force or pressure (force per unit area) of a contact (e.g., a finger contact) on the touch sensitive surface, or to a substitute (proxy) for the force or pressure of a contact on the touch sensitive surface. The intensity of a contact has a range of values that includes at least four distinct values and more typically includes hundreds of distinct values (e.g., at least 256). Intensity of a contact is, optionally, determined (or measured) using various approaches and various sensors or combinations of sensors. For example, one or more force sensors underneath or adjacent to the touch-sensitive surface are, optionally, used to measure force at various points on the touch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, force measurements from multiple force sensors are combined (e.g., a weighted average) to determine an estimated force of a contact. Similarly, a pressure-sensitive tip of a stylus is, optionally, used to determine a pressure of the stylus on the touch-sensitive surface. Alternatively, the size of the contact area detected on the touch-sensitive surface and/or changes thereto, the capacitance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto, and/or the resistance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto are, optionally, used as a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are used directly to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is described in units corresponding to the substitute measurements). In some implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are converted to an estimated force or pressure and the estimated force or pressure is used to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is a pressure threshold measured in units of pressure). 
     As used in the specification and claims, the term “tactile output” refers to physical displacement of a device relative to a previous position of the device, physical displacement of a component (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface) of a device relative to another component (e.g., housing) of the device, or displacement of the component relative to a center of mass of the device that will be detected by a user with the user&#39;s sense of touch. For example, in situations where the device or the component of the device is in contact with a surface of a user that is sensitive to touch (e.g., a finger, palm, or other part of a user&#39;s hand), the tactile output generated by the physical displacement will be interpreted by the user as a tactile sensation corresponding to a perceived change in physical characteristics of the device or the component of the device. For example, movement of a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch-sensitive display or trackpad) is, optionally, interpreted by the user as a “down click” or “up click” of a physical actuator button. In some cases, a user will feel a tactile sensation such as an “down click” or “up click” even when there is no movement of a physical actuator button associated with the touch-sensitive surface that is physically pressed (e.g., displaced) by the user&#39;s movements. As another example, movement of the touch-sensitive surface is, optionally, interpreted or sensed by the user as “roughness” of the touch-sensitive surface, even when there is no change in smoothness of the touch-sensitive surface. While such interpretations of touch by a user will be subject to the individualized sensory perceptions of the user, there are many sensory perceptions of touch that are common to a large majority of users. Thus, when a tactile output is described as corresponding to a particular sensory perception of a user (e.g., an “up click,” a “down click,” “roughness”), unless otherwise stated, the generated tactile output corresponds to physical displacement of the device or a component thereof that will generate the described sensory perception for a typical (or average) user. 
     It should be appreciated that device  100  is only one example of a portable multifunction device, and that device  100  optionally has more or fewer components than shown, optionally combines two or more components, or optionally has a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown in  FIG. 1A  are implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both hardware and software, including one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits. 
     Memory  102  optionally includes high-speed random access memory and optionally also includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Access to memory  102  by other components of device  100 , such as CPU  120  and the peripherals interface  118 , is, optionally, controlled by memory controller  122 . 
     Peripherals interface  118  can be used to couple input and output peripherals of the device to CPU  120  and memory  102 . The one or more processors  120  run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in memory  102  to perform various functions for device  100  and to process data. 
     In some embodiments, peripherals interface  118 , CPU  120 , and memory controller  122  are, optionally, implemented on a single chip, such as chip  104 . In some other embodiments, they are, optionally, implemented on separate chips. 
     RF (radio frequency) circuitry  108  receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  108  converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  108  optionally includes well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RF circuitry  108  optionally communicates with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), Evolution, Data-Only (EV-DO), HSPA, HSPA+, Dual-Cell HSPA (DC-HSPDA), long term evolution (LTE), near field communication (NFC), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document. 
     Audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , and microphone  113  provide an audio interface between a user and device  100 . Audio circuitry  110  receives audio data from peripherals interface  118 , converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to speaker  111 . Speaker  111  converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves. Audio circuitry  110  also receives electrical signals converted by microphone  113  from sound waves. Audio circuitry  110  converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to peripherals interface  118  for processing. Audio data is, optionally, retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory  102  and/or RF circuitry  108  by peripherals interface  118 . In some embodiments, audio circuitry  110  also includes a headset jack (e.g.,  212 ,  FIG. 2 ). The headset jack provides an interface between audio circuitry  110  and removable audio input/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headset with both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input (e.g., a microphone). 
     I/O subsystem  106  couples input/output peripherals on device  100 , such as touch screen  112  and other input control devices  116 , to peripherals interface  118 . I/O subsystem  106  optionally includes display controller  156 , optical sensor controller  158 , intensity sensor controller  159 , haptic feedback controller  161  and one or more input controllers  160  for other input or control devices. The one or more input controllers  160  receive/send electrical signals from/to other input or control devices  116 . The other input control devices  116  optionally include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s)  160  are, optionally, coupled to any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, infrared port, USB port, and a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g.,  208 ,  FIG. 2 ) optionally include an up/down button for volume control of speaker  111  and/or microphone  113 . The one or more buttons optionally include a push button (e.g.,  206 ,  FIG. 2 ). 
     Touch-sensitive display  112  provides an input interface and an output interface between the device and a user. Display controller  156  receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to touch screen  112 . Touch screen  112  displays visual output to the user. The visual output optionally includes graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all of the visual output corresponds to user-interface objects. 
     Touch screen  112  has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor or set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact. Touch screen  112  and display controller  156  (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory  102 ) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on touch screen  112  and converts the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages or images) that are displayed on touch screen  112 . In an exemplary embodiment, a point of contact between touch screen  112  and the user corresponds to a finger of the user. 
     Touch screen  112  optionally uses LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED (light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologies are used in other embodiments. Touch screen  112  and display controller  156  optionally detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of a plurality of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with touch screen  112 . In an exemplary embodiment, projected mutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. 
     Touch screen  112  optionally has a video resolution in excess of 100 dpi. In some embodiments, the touch screen has a video resolution of approximately 160 dpi. The user optionally makes contact with touch screen  112  using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to work primarily with finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired by the user. 
     In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, device  100  optionally includes a touchpad (not shown) for activating or deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output. The touchpad is, optionally, a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from touch screen  112  or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen. 
     Device  100  also includes power system  162  for powering the various components. Power system  162  optionally includes a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices. 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more optical sensors  164 .  FIG. 1A  shows an optical sensor coupled to optical sensor controller  158  in I/O subsystem  106 . Optical sensor  164  optionally includes charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistors. Optical sensor  164  receives light from the environment, projected through one or more lens, and converts the light to data representing an image. In conjunction with imaging module  143  (also called a camera module), optical sensor  164  optionally captures still images or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch screen display  112  on the front of the device, so that the touch screen display is enabled for use as a viewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition. In some embodiments, another optical sensor is located on the front of the device so that the user&#39;s image is, optionally, obtained for videoconferencing while the user views the other video conference participants on the touch screen display. 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more contact intensity sensors  165 .  FIG. 1A  shows a contact intensity sensor coupled to intensity sensor controller  159  in I/O subsystem  106 . Contact intensity sensor  165  optionally includes one or more piezoresistive strain gauges, capacitive force sensors, electric force sensors, piezoelectric force sensors, optical force sensors, capacitive touch-sensitive surfaces, or other intensity sensors (e.g., sensors used to measure the force (or pressure) of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface). Contact intensity sensor  165  receives contact intensity information (e.g., pressure information or a proxy for pressure information) from the environment. In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112 ). In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch screen display  112  which is located on the front of device  100 . 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more proximity sensors  166 .  FIG. 1A  shows proximity sensor  166  coupled to peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, proximity sensor  166  is coupled to input controller  160  in I/O subsystem  106 . In some embodiments, the proximity sensor turns off and disables touch screen  112  when the multifunction device is placed near the user&#39;s ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call). 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more tactile output generators  167 .  FIG. 1A  shows a tactile output generator coupled to haptic feedback controller  161  in I/O subsystem  106 . Tactile output generator  167  optionally includes one or more electroacoustic devices such as speakers or other audio components and/or electromechanical devices that convert energy into linear motion such as a motor, solenoid, electroactive polymer, piezoelectric actuator, electrostatic actuator, or other tactile output generating component (e.g., a component that converts electrical signals into tactile outputs on the device). Contact intensity sensor  165  receives tactile feedback generation instructions from haptic feedback module  133  and generates tactile outputs on device  100  that are capable of being sensed by a user of device  100 . In some embodiments, at least one tactile output generator is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112 ) and, optionally, generates a tactile output by moving the touch-sensitive surface vertically (e.g., in/out of a surface of device  100 ) or laterally (e.g., back and forth in the same plane as a surface of device  100 ). In some embodiments, at least one tactile output generator sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch screen display  112  which is located on the front of device  100 . 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more accelerometers  168 .  FIG. 1A  shows accelerometer  168  coupled to peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, accelerometer  168  is, optionally, coupled to an input controller  160  in I/O subsystem  106 . In some embodiments, information is displayed on the touch screen display in a portrait view or a landscape view based on an analysis of data received from the one or more accelerometers. Device  100  optionally includes, in addition to accelerometer(s)  168 , a magnetometer (not shown) and a GPS (or GLONASS or other global navigation system) receiver (not shown) for obtaining information concerning the location and orientation (e.g., portrait or landscape) of device  100 . 
     In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory  102  include operating system  126 , communication module (or set of instructions)  128 , contact/motion module (or set of instructions)  130 , graphics module (or set of instructions)  132 , text input module (or set of instructions)  134 , Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set of instructions)  135 , and applications (or sets of instructions)  136 . Furthermore, in some embodiments memory  102  stores device/global internal state  157 , as shown in  FIGS. 1A and 3 . Device/global internal state  157  includes one or more of: active application state, indicating which applications, if any, are currently active; display state, indicating what applications, views or other information occupy various regions of touch screen display  112 ; sensor state, including information obtained from the device&#39;s various sensors and input control devices  116 ; and location information concerning the device&#39;s location and/or attitude. 
     Operating system  126  (e.g., Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components. 
     Communication module  128  facilitates communication with other devices over one or more external ports  124  and also includes various software components for handling data received by RF circuitry  108  and/or external port  124 . External port  124  (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the 30-pin connector used on iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) devices. 
     Contact/motion module  130  optionally detects contact with touch screen  112  (in conjunction with display controller  156 ) and other touch sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). Contact/motion module  130  includes various software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact, such as determining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-down event), determining an intensity of the contact (e.g., the force or pressure of the contact or a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact) determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact). Contact/motion module  130  receives contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which is represented by a series of contact data, optionally includes determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. These operations are, optionally, applied to single contacts (e.g., one finger contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g., “multitouch”/multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments, contact/motion module  130  and display controller  156  detect contact on a touchpad. 
     In some embodiments, contact/motion module  130  uses a set of one or more intensity thresholds to determine whether an operation has been performed by a user (e.g., to determine whether a user has “clicked” on an icon). In some embodiments at least a subset of the intensity thresholds are determined in accordance with software parameters (e.g., the intensity thresholds are not determined by the activation thresholds of particular physical actuators and can be adjusted without changing the physical hardware of device  100 ). For example, a mouse “click” threshold of a trackpad or touch screen display can be set to any of a large range of predefined thresholds values without changing the trackpad or touch screen display hardware. Additionally, in some implementations a user of the device is provided with software settings for adjusting one or more of the set of intensity thresholds (e.g., by adjusting individual intensity thresholds and/or by adjusting a plurality of intensity thresholds at once with a system-level click “intensity” parameter). 
     Contact/motion module  130  optionally detects a gesture input by a user. Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contact patterns and intensities. Thus, a gesture is, optionally, detected by detecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a finger tap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event at the same position (or substantially the same position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequently followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event. 
     Graphics module  132  includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics on touch screen  112  or other display, including components for changing the visual impact (e.g., brightness, transparency, saturation, contrast or other visual property) of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics” includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including without limitation text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations and the like. 
     In some embodiments, graphics module  132  stores data representing graphics to be used. Each graphic is, optionally, assigned a corresponding code. Graphics module  132  receives, from applications etc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with, if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and then generates screen image data to output to display controller  156 . 
     Haptic feedback module  133  includes various software components for generating instructions used by tactile output generator(s)  167  to produce tactile outputs at one or more locations on device  100  in response to user interactions with device  100 . 
     Text input module  134 , which is, optionally, a component of graphics module  132 , provides soft keyboards for entering text in various applications (e.g., contacts  137 , e-mail  140 , IM  141 , browser  147 , and any other application that needs text input). 
     GPS module  135  determines the location of the device and provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone  138  for use in location-based dialing, to camera  143  as picture/video metadata, and to applications that provide location-based services such as weather widgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets). 
     Applications  136  optionally include the following modules (or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof:
         contacts module  137  (sometimes called an address book or contact list);   telephone module  138 ;   video conferencing module  139 ;   e-mail client module  140 ;   instant messaging (IM) module  141 ;   workout support module  142 ;   camera module  143  for still and/or video images;   image management module  144 ;   browser module  147 ;   calendar module  148 ;   widget modules  149 , which optionally include one or more of: weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  149 - 3 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , dictionary widget  149 - 5 , and other widgets obtained by the user, as well as user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   widget creator module  150  for making user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   search module  151 ;   video and music player module  152 , which is, optionally, made up of a video player module and a music player module;   notes module  153 ;   map module  154 ; and/or   online video module  155 .       

     Examples of other applications  136  that are, optionally, stored in memory  102  include other word processing applications, other image editing applications, drawing applications, presentation applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice replication. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , contacts module  137  are, optionally, used to manage an address book or contact list (e.g., stored in application internal state  192  of contacts module  137  in memory  102  or memory  370 ), including: adding name(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book; associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or other information with a name; associating an image with a name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers or e-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications by telephone  138 , video conference  139 , e-mail  140 , or IM  141 ; and so forth. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , telephone module  138  are, optionally, used to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers in address book  137 , modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation and disconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As noted above, the wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , contact list  137 , and telephone module  138 , videoconferencing module  139  includes executable instructions to initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user and one or more other participants in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140  includes executable instructions to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response to user instructions. In conjunction with image management module  144 , e-mail client module  140  makes it very easy to create and send e-mails with still or video images taken with camera module  143 . 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the instant messaging module  141  includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to an instant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit a respective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service (SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-based instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS for Internet-based instant messages), to receive instant messages and to view received instant messages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or received instant messages optionally include graphics, photos, audio files, video files and/or other attachments as are supported in a MMS and/or an Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging” refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , map module  154 , and music player module  146 , workout support module  142  includes executable instructions to create workouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burning goals); communicate with workout sensors (sports devices); receive workout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout; select and play music for a workout; and display, store and transmit workout data. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor(s)  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and image management module  144 , camera module  143  includes executable instructions to capture still images or video (including a video stream) and store them into memory  102 , modify characteristics of a still image or video, or delete a still image or video from memory  102 . 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and camera module  143 , image management module  144  includes executable instructions to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/or video images. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , browser module  147  includes executable instructions to browse the Internet in accordance with user instructions, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portions thereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , calendar module  148  includes executable instructions to create, display, modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendar entries, to do lists, etc.) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , widget modules  149  are mini-applications that are, optionally, downloaded and used by a user (e.g., weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  149 - 3 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , and dictionary widget  149 - 5 ) or created by the user (e.g., user-created widget  149 - 6 ). In some embodiments, a widget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In some embodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , the widget creator module  150  are, optionally, used by a user to create widgets (e.g., turning a user-specified portion of a web page into a widget). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , search module  151  includes executable instructions to search for text, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory  102  that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , and browser module  147 , video and music player module  152  includes executable instructions that allow the user to download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, and executable instructions to display, present or otherwise play back videos (e.g., on touch screen  112  or on an external, connected display via external port  124 ). In some embodiments, device  100  optionally includes the functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , notes module  153  includes executable instructions to create and manage notes, to do lists, and the like in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , and browser module  147 , map module  154  are, optionally, used to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data associated with maps (e.g., driving directions; data on stores and other points of interest at or near a particular location; and other location-based data) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , online video module  155  includes instructions that allow the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen or on an external, connected display via external port  124 ), send an e-mail with a link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats, such as H.264. In some embodiments, instant messaging module  141 , rather than e-mail client module  140 , is used to send a link to a particular online video. 
     Each of the above identified modules and applications correspond to a set of executable instructions for performing one or more functions described above and the methods described in this application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods described herein). These modules (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  102  optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  102  optionally stores additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     In some embodiments, device  100  is a device where operation of a predefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/or a touchpad as the primary input control device for operation of device  100 , the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) on device  100  is, optionally, reduced. 
     The predefined set of functions that are performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad optionally include navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by the user, navigates device  100  to a main, home, or root menu from any user interface that is displayed on device  100 . In such embodiments, a “menu button” is implemented using a touchpad. In some other embodiments, the menu button is a physical push button or other physical input control device instead of a touchpad. 
       FIG. 1B  is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  102  (in  FIG. 1A ) or  370  ( FIG. 3 ) includes event sorter  170  (e.g., in operating system  126 ) and a respective application  136 - 1  (e.g., any of the aforementioned applications  137 - 13 ,  155 ,  380 - 390 ). 
     Event sorter  170  receives event information and determines the application  136 - 1  and application view  191  of application  136 - 1  to which to deliver the event information. Event sorter  170  includes event monitor  171  and event dispatcher module  174 . In some embodiments, application  136 - 1  includes application internal state  192 , which indicates the current application view(s) displayed on touch sensitive display  112  when the application is active or executing. In some embodiments, device/global internal state  157  is used by event sorter  170  to determine which application(s) is (are) currently active, and application internal state  192  is used by event sorter  170  to determine application views  191  to which to deliver event information. 
     In some embodiments, application internal state  192  includes additional information, such as one or more of: resume information to be used when application  136 - 1  resumes execution, user interface state information that indicates information being displayed or that is ready for display by application  136 - 1 , a state queue for enabling the user to go back to a prior state or view of application  136 - 1 , and a redo/undo queue of previous actions taken by the user. 
     Event monitor  171  receives event information from peripherals interface  118 . Event information includes information about a sub-event (e.g., a user touch on touch-sensitive display  112 , as part of a multi-touch gesture). Peripherals interface  118  transmits information it receives from I/O subsystem  106  or a sensor, such as proximity sensor  166 , accelerometer(s)  168 , and/or microphone  113  (through audio circuitry  110 ). Information that peripherals interface  118  receives from I/O subsystem  106  includes information from touch-sensitive display  112  or a touch-sensitive surface. 
     In some embodiments, event monitor  171  sends requests to the peripherals interface  118  at predetermined intervals. In response, peripherals interface  118  transmits event information. In other embodiments, peripheral interface  118  transmits event information only when there is a significant event (e.g., receiving an input above a predetermined noise threshold and/or for more than a predetermined duration). 
     In some embodiments, event sorter  170  also includes a hit view determination module  172  and/or an active event recognizer determination module  173 . 
     Hit view determination module  172  provides software procedures for determining where a sub-event has taken place within one or more views, when touch sensitive display  112  displays more than one view. Views are made up of controls and other elements that a user can see on the display. 
     Another aspect of the user interface associated with an application is a set of views, sometimes herein called application views or user interface windows, in which information is displayed and touch-based gestures occur. The application views (of a respective application) in which a touch is detected optionally correspond to programmatic levels within a programmatic or view hierarchy of the application. For example, the lowest level view in which a touch is detected is, optionally, called the hit view, and the set of events that are recognized as proper inputs are, optionally, determined based, at least in part, on the hit view of the initial touch that begins a touch-based gesture. 
     Hit view determination module  172  receives information related to sub-events of a touch-based gesture. When an application has multiple views organized in a hierarchy, hit view determination module  172  identifies a hit view as the lowest view in the hierarchy which should handle the sub-event. In most circumstances, the hit view is the lowest level view in which an initiating sub-event occurs (i.e., the first sub-event in the sequence of sub-events that form an event or potential event). Once the hit view is identified by the hit view determination module, the hit view typically receives all sub-events related to the same touch or input source for which it was identified as the hit view. 
     Active event recognizer determination module  173  determines which view or views within a view hierarchy should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In some embodiments, active event recognizer determination module  173  determines that only the hit view should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, active event recognizer determination module  173  determines that all views that include the physical location of a sub-event are actively involved views, and therefore determines that all actively involved views should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, even if touch sub-events were entirely confined to the area associated with one particular view, views higher in the hierarchy would still remain as actively involved views. 
     Event dispatcher module  174  dispatches the event information to an event recognizer (e.g., event recognizer  180 ). In embodiments including active event recognizer determination module  173 , event dispatcher module  174  delivers the event information to an event recognizer determined by active event recognizer determination module  173 . In some embodiments, event dispatcher module  174  stores in an event queue the event information, which is retrieved by a respective event receiver module  182 . 
     In some embodiments, operating system  126  includes event sorter  170 . Alternatively, application  136 - 1  includes event sorter  170 . In yet other embodiments, event sorter  170  is a stand-alone module, or a part of another module stored in memory  102 , such as contact/motion module  130 . 
     In some embodiments, application  136 - 1  includes a plurality of event handlers  190  and one or more application views  191 , each of which includes instructions for handling touch events that occur within a respective view of the application&#39;s user interface. Each application view  191  of the application  136 - 1  includes one or more event recognizers  180 . Typically, a respective application view  191  includes a plurality of event recognizers  180 . In other embodiments, one or more of event recognizers  180  are part of a separate module, such as a user interface kit (not shown) or a higher level object from which application  136 - 1  inherits methods and other properties. In some embodiments, a respective event handler  190  includes one or more of: data updater  176 , object updater  177 , GUI updater  178 , and/or event data  179  received from event sorter  170 . Event handler  190  optionally utilizes or calls data updater  176 , object updater  177  or GUI updater  178  to update the application internal state  192 . Alternatively, one or more of the application views  191  includes one or more respective event handlers  190 . Also, in some embodiments, one or more of data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178  are included in a respective application view  191 . 
     A respective event recognizer  180  receives event information (e.g., event data  179 ) from event sorter  170 , and identifies an event from the event information. Event recognizer  180  includes event receiver  182  and event comparator  184 . In some embodiments, event recognizer  180  also includes at least a subset of: metadata  183 , and event delivery instructions  188  (which optionally include sub-event delivery instructions). 
     Event receiver  182  receives event information from event sorter  170 . The event information includes information about a sub-event, for example, a touch or a touch movement. Depending on the sub-event, the event information also includes additional information, such as location of the sub-event. When the sub-event concerns motion of a touch, the event information optionally also includes speed and direction of the sub-event. In some embodiments, events include rotation of the device from one orientation to another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to a landscape orientation, or vice versa), and the event information includes corresponding information about the current orientation (also called device attitude) of the device. 
     Event comparator  184  compares the event information to predefined event or sub-event definitions and, based on the comparison, determines an event or sub-event, or determines or updates the state of an event or sub-event. In some embodiments, event comparator  184  includes event definitions  186 . Event definitions  186  contain definitions of events (e.g., predefined sequences of sub-events), for example, event  1  ( 187 - 1 ), event  2  ( 187 - 2 ), and others. In some embodiments, sub-events in an event  187  include, for example, touch begin, touch end, touch movement, touch cancellation, and multiple touching. In one example, the definition for event  1  ( 187 - 1 ) is a double tap on a displayed object. The double tap, for example, comprises a first touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a first lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase, a second touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, and a second lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase. In another example, the definition for event  2  ( 187 - 2 ) is a dragging on a displayed object. The dragging, for example, comprises a touch (or contact) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a movement of the touch across touch-sensitive display  112 , and lift-off of the touch (touch end). In some embodiments, the event also includes information for one or more associated event handlers  190 . 
     In some embodiments, event definition  187  includes a definition of an event for a respective user-interface object. In some embodiments, event comparator  184  performs a hit test to determine which user-interface object is associated with a sub-event. For example, in an application view in which three user-interface objects are displayed on touch-sensitive display  112 , when a touch is detected on touch-sensitive display  112 , event comparator  184  performs a hit test to determine which of the three user-interface objects is associated with the touch (sub-event). If each displayed object is associated with a respective event handler  190 , the event comparator uses the result of the hit test to determine which event handler  190  should be activated. For example, event comparator  184  selects an event handler associated with the sub-event and the object triggering the hit test. 
     In some embodiments, the definition for a respective event  187  also includes delayed actions that delay delivery of the event information until after it has been determined whether the sequence of sub-events does or does not correspond to the event recognizer&#39;s event type. 
     When a respective event recognizer  180  determines that the series of sub-events do not match any of the events in event definitions  186 , the respective event recognizer  180  enters an event impossible, event failed, or event ended state, after which it disregards subsequent sub-events of the touch-based gesture. In this situation, other event recognizers, if any, that remain active for the hit view continue to track and process sub-events of an ongoing touch-based gesture. 
     In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  includes metadata  183  with configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how the event delivery system should perform sub-event delivery to actively involved event recognizers. In some embodiments, metadata  183  includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how event recognizers interact, or are enabled to interact, with one another. In some embodiments, metadata  183  includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate whether sub-events are delivered to varying levels in the view or programmatic hierarchy. 
     In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  activates event handler  190  associated with an event when one or more particular sub-events of an event are recognized. In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  delivers event information associated with the event to event handler  190 . Activating an event handler  190  is distinct from sending (and deferred sending) sub-events to a respective hit view. In some embodiments, event recognizer  180  throws a flag associated with the recognized event, and event handler  190  associated with the flag catches the flag and performs a predefined process. 
     In some embodiments, event delivery instructions  188  include sub-event delivery instructions that deliver event information about a sub-event without activating an event handler. Instead, the sub-event delivery instructions deliver event information to event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or to actively involved views. Event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or with actively involved views receive the event information and perform a predetermined process. 
     In some embodiments, data updater  176  creates and updates data used in application  136 - 1 . For example, data updater  176  updates the telephone number used in contacts module  137 , or stores a video file used in video player module  145 . In some embodiments, object updater  177  creates and updates objects used in application  136 - 1 . For example, object updater  177  creates a new user-interface object or updates the position of a user-interface object. GUI updater  178  updates the GUI. For example, GUI updater  178  prepares display information and sends it to graphics module  132  for display on a touch-sensitive display. 
     In some embodiments, event handler(s)  190  includes or has access to data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178 . In some embodiments, data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178  are included in a single module of a respective application  136 - 1  or application view  191 . In other embodiments, they are included in two or more software modules. 
     It shall be understood that the foregoing discussion regarding event handling of user touches on touch-sensitive displays also applies to other forms of user inputs to operate multifunction devices  100  with input-devices, not all of which are initiated on touch screens. For example, mouse movement and mouse button presses, optionally coordinated with single or multiple keyboard presses or holds; contact movements such as taps, drags, scrolls, etc., on touch-pads; pen stylus inputs; movement of the device; oral instructions; detected eye movements; biometric inputs; and/or any combination thereof are optionally utilized as inputs corresponding to sub-events which define an event to be recognized. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a portable multifunction device  100  having a touch screen  112  in accordance with some embodiments. The touch screen optionally displays one or more graphics within user interface (UI)  200 . In this embodiment, as well as others described below, a user is enabled to select one or more of the graphics by making a gesture on the graphics, for example, with one or more fingers  202  (not drawn to scale in the figure) or one or more styluses  203  (not drawn to scale in the figure). In some embodiments, selection of one or more graphics occurs when the user breaks contact with the one or more graphics. In some embodiments, the gesture optionally includes one or more taps, one or more swipes (from left to right, right to left, upward and/or downward) and/or a rolling of a finger (from right to left, left to right, upward and/or downward) that has made contact with device  100 . In some implementations or circumstances, inadvertent contact with a graphic does not select the graphic. For example, a swipe gesture that sweeps over an application icon optionally does not select the corresponding application when the gesture corresponding to selection is a tap. 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more physical buttons, such as “home” or menu button  204 . As described previously, menu button  204  is, optionally, used to navigate to any application  136  in a set of applications that are, optionally executed on device  100 . Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as a soft key in a GUI displayed on touch screen  112 . 
     In one embodiment, device  100  includes touch screen  112 , menu button  204 , push button  206  for powering the device on/off and locking the device, volume adjustment button(s)  208 , Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card slot  210 , head set jack  212 , and docking/charging external port  124 . Push button  206  is, optionally, used to turn the power on/off on the device by depressing the button and holding the button in the depressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by depressing the button and releasing the button before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an unlock process. In an alternative embodiment, device  100  also accepts verbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions through microphone  113 . Device  100  also, optionally, includes one or more contact intensity sensors  165  for detecting intensity of contacts on touch screen  112  and/or one or more tactile output generators  167  for generating tactile outputs for a user of device  100 . 
       FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. Device  300  need not be portable. In some embodiments, device  300  is a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a tablet computer, a multimedia player device, a navigation device, an educational device (such as a child&#39;s learning toy), a gaming system, or a control device (e.g., a home or industrial controller). Device  300  typically includes one or more processing units (CPU&#39;s)  310 , one or more network or other communications interfaces  360 , memory  370 , and one or more communication buses  320  for interconnecting these components. Communication buses  320  optionally include circuitry (sometimes called a chipset) that interconnects and controls communications between system components. Device  300  includes input/output (I/O) interface  330  comprising display  340 , which is typically a touch screen display. I/O interface  330  also optionally includes a keyboard and/or mouse (or other pointing device)  350  and touchpad  355 , tactile output generator  357  for generating tactile outputs on device  300  (e.g., similar to tactile output generator(s)  167  described above with reference to  FIG. 1A ), sensors  359  (e.g., optical, acceleration, proximity, touch-sensitive, and/or contact intensity sensors similar to contact intensity sensor(s)  165  described above with reference to  FIG. 1A ). Memory  370  includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM or other random access solid state memory devices; and optionally includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory  370  optionally includes one or more storage devices remotely located from CPU(s)  310 . In some embodiments, memory  370  stores programs, modules, and data structures analogous to the programs, modules, and data structures stored in memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100  ( FIG. 1A ), or a subset thereof. Furthermore, memory  370  optionally stores additional programs, modules, and data structures not present in memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100 . For example, memory  370  of device  300  optionally stores drawing module  380 , presentation module  382 , word processing module  384 , website creation module  386 , disk authoring module  388 , and/or spreadsheet module  390 , while memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100  ( FIG. 1A ) optionally does not store these modules. 
     Each of the above identified elements in  FIG. 3  are, optionally, stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices. Each of the above identified modules corresponds to a set of instructions for performing a function described above. The above identified modules or programs (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  370  optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  370  optionally stores additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) that is, optionally, implemented on portable multifunction device  100 . 
       FIG. 4A  illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu of applications on portable multifunction device  100  in accordance with some embodiments. Similar user interfaces are, optionally, implemented on device  300 . In some embodiments, user interface  400  includes the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:
         Signal strength indicator(s)  402  for wireless communication(s), such as cellular and Wi-Fi signals;   Time  404 ;   Bluetooth indicator  405 ;   Battery status indicator  406 ;   Tray  408  with icons for frequently used applications, such as:
           Icon  416  for telephone module  138 , labeled “Phone,” which optionally includes an indicator  414  of the number of missed calls or voicemail messages;   Icon  418  for e-mail client module  140 , labeled “Mail,” which optionally includes an indicator  410  of the number of unread e-mails;   Icon  420  for browser module  147 , labeled “Browser;” and   Icon  422  for video and music player module  152 , also referred to as iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) module  152 , labeled “iPod;” and   
           Icons for other applications, such as:
           Icon  424  for IM module  141 , labeled “Text;”   Icon  426  for calendar module  148 , labeled “Calendar;”   Icon  428  for image management module  144 , labeled “Photos;”   Icon  430  for camera module  143 , labeled “Camera;”   Icon  432  for online video module  155 , labeled “Online Video”   Icon  434  for stocks widget  149 - 2 , labeled “Stocks;”   Icon  436  for map module  154 , labeled “Map;”   Icon  438  for weather widget  149 - 1 , labeled “Weather;”   Icon  440  for alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , labeled “Clock;”   Icon  442  for workout support module  142 , labeled “Workout Support;”   Icon  444  for notes module  153 , labeled “Notes;” and   Icon  446  for a settings application or module, which provides access to settings for device  100  and its various applications  136 .   
               

     It should be noted that the icon labels illustrated in  FIG. 4A  are merely exemplary. For example, icon  422  for video and music player module  152  are labeled “Music” or “Music Player.” Other labels are, optionally, used for various application icons. In some embodiments, a label for a respective application icon includes a name of an application corresponding to the respective application icon. In some embodiments, a label for a particular application icon is distinct from a name of an application corresponding to the particular application icon. 
       FIG. 4B  illustrates an exemplary user interface on a device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG. 3 ) with a touch-sensitive surface  451  (e.g., a tablet or touchpad  355 ,  FIG. 3 ) that is separate from the display  450  (e.g., touch screen display  112 ). Device  300  also, optionally, includes one or more contact intensity sensors (e.g., one or more of sensors  357 ) for detecting intensity of contacts on touch-sensitive surface  451  and/or one or more tactile output generators  359  for generating tactile outputs for a user of device  300 . 
     Although some of the examples which follow will be given with reference to inputs on touch screen display  112  (where the touch sensitive surface and the display are combined), in some embodiments, the device detects inputs on a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display, as shown in  FIG. 4B . In some embodiments the touch sensitive surface (e.g.,  451  in  FIG. 4B ) has a primary axis (e.g.,  452  in  FIG. 4B ) that corresponds to a primary axis (e.g.,  453  in  FIG. 4B ) on the display (e.g.,  450 ). In accordance with these embodiments, the device detects contacts (e.g.,  460  and  462  in  FIG. 4B ) with the touch-sensitive surface  451  at locations that correspond to respective locations on the display (e.g., in  FIG. 4B, 460  corresponds to  468  and  462  corresponds to  470 ). In this way, user inputs (e.g., contacts  460  and  462 , and movements thereof) detected by the device on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,  451  in  FIG. 4B ) are used by the device to manipulate the user interface on the display (e.g.,  450  in  FIG. 4B ) of the multifunction device when the touch-sensitive surface is separate from the display. It should be understood that similar methods are, optionally, used for other user interfaces described herein. 
     Additionally, while the following examples are given primarily with reference to finger inputs (e.g., finger contacts, finger tap gestures, finger swipe gestures), it should be understood that, in some embodiments, one or more of the finger inputs are replaced with input from another input device (e.g., a mouse based input or stylus input). For example, a swipe gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click (e.g., instead of a contact) followed by movement of the cursor along the path of the swipe (e.g., instead of movement of the contact). As another example, a tap gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click while the cursor is located over the location of the tap gesture (e.g., instead of detection of the contact followed by ceasing to detect the contact). Similarly, when multiple user inputs are simultaneously detected, it should be understood that multiple computer mice are, optionally, used simultaneously, or a mouse and finger contacts are, optionally, used simultaneously. 
     As used herein, the term “focus selector” refers to an input element that indicates a current part of a user interface with which a user is interacting. In some implementations that include a cursor or other location marker, the cursor acts as a “focus selector,” so that when an input (e.g., a press input) is detected on a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touchpad  355  in  FIG. 3  or touch-sensitive surface  451  in  FIG. 4B ) while the cursor is over a particular user interface element (e.g., a button, window, slider or other user interface element), the particular user interface element is adjusted in accordance with the detected input. In some implementations that include a touch-screen display (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112  in  FIG. 1A  or touch screen  112  in  FIG. 4A ) that enables direct interaction with user interface elements on the touch-screen display, a detected contact on the touch-screen acts as a “focus selector,” so that when an input (e.g., a press input by the contact) is detected on the touch-screen display at a location of a particular user interface element (e.g., a button, window, slider or other user interface element), the particular user interface element is adjusted in accordance with the detected input. In some implementations focus is moved from one region of a user interface to another region of the user interface without corresponding movement of a cursor or movement of a contact on a touch-screen display (e.g., by using a tab key or arrow keys to move focus from one button to another button); in these implementations, the focus selector moves in accordance with movement of focus between different regions of the user interface. Without regard to the specific form taken by the focus selector, the focus selector is generally the user interface element (or contact on a touch-screen display) that is controlled by the user so as to communicate the user&#39;s intended interaction with the user interface (e.g., by indicating, to the device, the element of the user interface with which the user is intending to interact). For example, the location of a focus selector (e.g., a cursor, a contact or a selection box) over a respective button while a press input is detected on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touchpad or touch screen) will indicate that the user is intending to activate the respective button (as opposed to other user interface elements shown on a display of the device). 
     The user interface figures described below include various intensity diagrams that show the current intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface relative to one or more intensity thresholds (e.g., a contact detection intensity threshold IT 0 , a light press intensity threshold IT L , a deep press intensity threshold IT D , and/or one or more other intensity thresholds). This intensity diagram is typically not part of the displayed user interface, but is provided to aid in the interpretation of the figures. In some embodiments, the light press intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will perform operations typically associated with clicking a button of a physical mouse or a trackpad. In some embodiments, the deep press intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will perform operations that are different from operations typically associated with clicking a button of a physical mouse or a trackpad. In some embodiments, when a contact is detected with an intensity below the light press intensity threshold (e.g., and above a nominal contact-detection intensity threshold IT 0  below which the contact is no longer detected), the device will move a focus selector in accordance with movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface without performing an operation associated with the light press intensity threshold or the deep press intensity threshold. Generally, unless otherwise stated, these intensity thresholds are consistent between different sets of user interface figures. 
     An increase of intensity of the contact from an intensity below the light press intensity threshold IT L  to an intensity between the light press intensity threshold IT L  and the deep press intensity threshold IT D  is sometimes referred to as a “light press” input. An increase of intensity of the contact from an intensity below the deep press intensity threshold IT D  to an intensity above the deep press intensity threshold IT D  is sometimes referred to as a “deep press” input. An increase of intensity of the contact from an intensity below the contact-detection intensity threshold IT 0  to an intensity between the contact-detection intensity threshold IT 0  and the light press intensity threshold IT L  is sometimes referred to as detecting the contact on the touch-surface. A decrease of intensity of the contact from an intensity above the contact-detection intensity threshold IT 0  to an intensity below the contact intensity threshold IT 0  is sometimes referred to as detecting liftoff of the contact from the touch-surface. In some embodiments IT 0  is zero. In some embodiments IT 0  is greater than zero. In some illustrations a shaded circle or oval is used to represent intensity of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In some illustrations a circle or oval without shading is used represent a respective contact on the touch-sensitive surface without specifying the intensity of the respective contact. 
     In some embodiments described herein, one or more operations are performed in response to detecting a gesture that includes a respective press input or in response to detecting the respective press input performed with a respective contact (or a plurality of contacts), where the respective press input is detected based at least in part on detecting an increase in intensity of the contact (or plurality of contacts) above a press-input intensity threshold. In some embodiments, the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold (e.g., a “down stroke” of the respective press input). In some embodiments, the press input includes an increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold and a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the press-input intensity threshold, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contact below the press-input threshold (e.g., an “up stroke” of the respective press input). 
     In some embodiments, the device employs intensity hysteresis to avoid accidental inputs sometimes termed “jitter,” where the device defines or selects a hysteresis intensity threshold with a predefined relationship to the press-input intensity threshold (e.g., the hysteresis intensity threshold is X intensity units lower than the press-input intensity threshold or the hysteresis intensity threshold is 75%, 90% or some reasonable proportion of the press-input intensity threshold). Thus, in some embodiments, the press input includes an increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold and a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold that corresponds to the press-input intensity threshold, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold (e.g., an “up stroke” of the respective press input). Similarly, in some embodiments, the press input is detected only when the device detects an increase in intensity of the contact from an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity at or above the press-input intensity threshold and, optionally, a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact to an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the press input (e.g., the increase in intensity of the contact or the decrease in intensity of the contact, depending on the circumstances). 
     For ease of explanation, the description of operations performed in response to a press input associated with a press-input intensity threshold or in response to a gesture including the press input are, optionally, triggered in response to detecting either: an increase in intensity of a contact above the press-input intensity threshold, an increase in intensity of a contact from an intensity below the hysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity above the press-input intensity threshold, a decrease in intensity of the contact below the press-input intensity threshold, and/or a decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to the press-input intensity threshold. Additionally, in examples where an operation is described as being performed in response to detecting a decrease in intensity of a contact below the press-input intensity threshold, the operation is, optionally, performed in response to detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact below a hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to, and lower than, the press-input intensity threshold. 
     User Interfaces and Associated Processes 
     Aligning User Interface Objects 
     Many electronic devices use graphical user interfaces to display electronic documents. These documents can include different types of user interface objects such as text and images. There is often a need to manipulate the position of one or more user interface objects with respect to the position of a different user interface object. For instance, a user may wish to align several user interface objects such that each is centered about the same horizontal or vertical coordinate on a display. In other instances, a user may wish to align several user interface objects so that the bottom of each object has the same vertical coordinate. In some situations the user may want to move other objects to align them with a currently selected object. Conversely, in other situations the user may want to move the currently selected object to align it with the other user interface objects. Thus, there is a need to align the positions of user interface objects in a fast, efficient, and convenient manner on an electronic device with a touch-sensitive surface. 
     The embodiments described below address this problem by providing devices that quickly, efficiently, and intuitively use different types of alignment modes, depending on the intensity (e.g., pressure) applied by a finger contact during an alignment gesture. In a first object alignment mode, other user interface objects are moved to align with a currently selected user interface object at its current position. Conversely, in a second object alignment mode, the currently selected user interface object is moved to align with other user interface objects at their current positions. 
       FIGS. 5A-5N  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for moving user interface objects into alignment with respect to one another in accordance with some embodiments of the method  1300  described below, with reference to  FIGS. 7A-7C .  FIGS. 5A-5N  include an intensity diagram that shows the current intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface relative to a plurality of intensity thresholds including a respective intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”). In some embodiments, operations similar to those described below with reference to IT D  are performed with reference to a different intensity threshold (e.g., “IT L ”). 
       FIG. 5A  illustrates a user interface  1102  of an electronic device that includes a display  340  and a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touchpad  355 ). The user interface includes a plurality of user interface objects  1108  displayed within user interface  1102 . Examples of user interface objects are user interface object  1108 - 1 ,  1108 - 2 , and  1108 - 3 . The user interface objects shown in  FIG. 5A  are simple shapes, for ease of explanation. However, in some instances, other types of user interface objects are displayed such as images, text boxes, user interface objects for displaying video clips, and/or interactive user interface objects such as taskbars including buttons for activating operations associated with the electronic device. Touchpad  355  is configured to detect gestures that correspond to movement and/or change in intensity of a contact (e.g., the gesture that corresponds to movement of contact  1110  in  FIG. 5C ). Types of gestures include press inputs, taps, movement across the touch-sensitive surface, swiping and pinching. 
     In some instances, user interface objects  1108  shown in  FIG. 5A  are not positioned with respect to one another in a manner consistent with the intention of a user. For instance, if the user is a physics teacher wishing to illustrate a problem of a ball traveling down an inclined plane, further alignment of the user interface objects may be needed. In some embodiments, the device assists the user in aligning objects in the user interface (e.g., by performing an align-unselected-with-selected alignment operation by moving/snapping an unselected user interface object into alignment with a stationary (or substantially stationary) currently selected user interface object as illustrated in  FIGS. 5E-5H and 5K-5N , or by performing an align-selected-with-unselected alignment operation by moving/snapping a currently selected user interface object into alignment with a stationary (or substantially stationary) unselected user interface object as illustrated in  FIGS. 5I-5J ). 
       FIG. 5B  illustrates selection of user interface object  1108 - 2  by detecting, for example, an interaction with the touch-sensitive surface or the use of a keyboard shortcut that corresponds to selection of user interface object  1108 - 2  (e.g., an increase in intensity of contact  1110  from an intensity below IT L  ( FIG. 5A ) to an intensity above IT L  ( FIG. 5B ) while focus selector  1106  is over the user interface object  1108 - 2 ). In some embodiments, user interface  1102  displays a visual indication that user interface object  1108 - 2  is selected. For example, as shown in  FIG. 5B , selected user interface object  1108 - 2  displays handles (e.g., object resizing handles) on the corners and sides of the object. 
     In some instances, user interface object  1108 - 2  is selected when a gesture is detected with a focus selector (e.g., cursor  1106 ) positioned over user interface object  1108 - 2 . In some embodiments, user interface  1102  includes a displayed representation of the focus selector, such as cursor  1106 . Alternatively, in some embodiments a representation of the focus selector is not displayed. For example, in embodiments using a touch-sensitive display system, the position of the focus selector corresponds to the location on the display of a touch input. 
       FIG. 5C  illustrates an example of moving user interface object  1108 - 2  in accordance with movement of a contact across the touch-sensitive surface along touchpad trajectory TP 1 . In this example, user interface object  1108 - 2  is moved from a former position  1108 - 2 - a , to a new position  1108 - 2 - b  along display trajectory DT 1 , determined in accordance with touchpad trajectory TP 1 . It should be appreciated that element  1108 - 2 - a  and display trajectory DT 1  will not necessarily be displayed on display  340  but rather are intended for visual clarity in  FIG. 5C . 
       FIG. 5C  also has a boundary region (sometimes called a “snapping boundary” or “snapping radius”), which is shown for the illustrative purposes only. The boundary region signifies a predefined distance surrounding user interface object  1108 - 3  at which device-generated alignment operations will be performed. It should be appreciated that the boundary region may or may not be visually indicated in the user interface. Similar notation is used throughout  FIGS. 5C-5N   
       FIG. 5D  illustrates an example of changing the appearance of user interface object  1108 - 2  (e.g., changing the solid border to a dashed border) in accordance with a determination that predefined intensity criteria have been met (e.g., that the contact has an intensity above intensity threshold IT D ). 
       FIGS. 5E-5F  illustrate an example of an align-unselected-with-selected device-generated alignment operation performed when the contact has an intensity above intensity threshold IT D . In some embodiments, the align-unselected-with-selected device-generated alignment operation includes moving the second user interface object (e.g.,  1108 - 3 ) into alignment with the first user interface object (e.g.,  1108 - 2 ) by adjusting the position of the second user interface object with respect to a current position of the first user interface object on the display (e.g., while user interface object  1108 - 2  is stationary or substantially stationary). One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize different ways to define a user interface object&#39;s position. For example, the position of a user interface object may be defined by any point within a boundary of the user interface object (e.g., a corner or its geometric center-of-mass), or “adaptively” as the nearest point to the second user interface object. In some instances, the user selects a respective point on or near the user interface object to serve as the position of the user interface object in situations where the position of the user interface object is defined as a single point. 
     In  FIG. 5E , the user moves contact  1110  upward and to the right on the touch-sensitive surface (touchpad  355 ) and, in response, the device moves user interface object  1108 - 2  upward and to the right on display  350  until it is adjacent to or overlapping a snapping boundary for user interface object  1108 - 3  (e.g., as illustrated by the shaded area around user interface object  1108 - 3  in  FIG. 5E ). In  FIG. 5F , after user interface object  1108 - 2  has moved within the snapping boundary for user interface object  1108 - 3 , user interface object  1108 - 3  is moved into alignment with user interface object  1108 - 2  (e.g., user interface object  1108 - 3  moves down and to the left so that it is centered on, and adjacent to user interface object  1108 - 2  while user interface object  1108 - 2  is stationary or substantially stationary), because the contact intensity is above IT D . Note that this horizontally centered alignment of  1108 - 3  to  1108 - 2  is merely an illustrative example. 
       FIGS. 5G-5H  illustrate an example of an align-unselected-with-selected device-generated alignment operation performed when the contact has an intensity above intensity threshold IT D . In  FIG. 5E , the user moves contact  1110  upward and to the left on the touch-sensitive surface (touchpad  355 ) and, in response, the device moves user interface object  1108 - 2  and user interface object  1108 - 3  upward and to the left on display  350  until they are adjacent to or overlapping a snapping boundary for user interface object  1108 - 1  (e.g., as illustrated by the shaded area around user interface object  1108 - 1  in  FIG. 5G ). In  FIG. 5H , after user interface object  1108 - 2  has moved within the snapping boundary for user interface object  1108 - 1 , user interface object  1108 - 1  is moved into alignment with user interface object  1108 - 2  (e.g., user interface object  1108 - 1  moves down and to the right so that it is centered on, and adjacent to user interface object  1108 - 2  while user interface object  1108 - 2  is stationary or substantially stationary), because the contact intensity is above IT D . Note that this vertically centered alignment of  1108 - 1  to  1108 - 2  is merely an illustrative example. 
       FIGS. 5I-5J  illustrate an example of an align-selected-with-unselected device-generated alignment operation. In  FIG. 5I , the user moves contact  1110  across the touch-sensitive surface (touchpad  355 ) and, in response, the device moves user interface object  1108 - 2  across display  350  until it is adjacent to or overlapping a snapping boundary for user interface object  1108 - 3  (e.g., as illustrated by the shaded area around user interface object  1108 - 3  in  FIG. 5I ). In  FIG. 5J , after user interface object  1108 - 2  has moved within the snapping boundary for user interface object  1108 - 3 , user interface object  1108 - 2  is moved into alignment with user interface object  1108 - 3  (e.g., user interface object  1108 - 2  moves up and to the right so that it is centered on, and adjacent to user interface object  1108 - 3  while user interface object  1108 - 3  is stationary or substantially stationary), because the contact intensity is below IT D  (and, optionally, above IT L ). 
       FIGS. 5K-5L  illustrate aligning user interface object  1108 - 3  onto an alignment axis  1112  of user interface object  1108 - 2  via an align-unselected-with-selected alignment operation. Although alignment axis  1112  is illustrated in  FIG. 5L  as bisecting user interface object  1108 - 2 , it should be appreciated that the alignment axis could be any axis in multiple dimensions (e.g., one, two, or three dimensions). In some instances, the alignment axis is defined in accordance with the position of an edge of the first user interface object. In some instances, the alignment axis is user defined and lies inside or outside either the first or second user interface objects. In  FIG. 5K , the user moves contact  1110  across the touch-sensitive surface (touchpad  355 ) and, in response, the device moves user interface object  1108 - 2  across display  350  until it is adjacent to or overlapping a snapping boundary for user interface object  1108 - 3  (e.g., as illustrated by the shaded area around user interface object  1108 - 3  in  FIG. 5K ). In  FIG. 5L , after user interface object  1108 - 2  has moved within the snapping boundary for user interface object  1108 - 3 , user interface object  1108 - 3  is moved into alignment with the alignment axis  1112  of user interface object  1108 - 2  (e.g., user interface object  1108 - 3  is moved down so that it is centered on the alignment axis  1112  of user interface object  1108 - 2  while user interface object  1108 - 2  is constrained to the alignment axis), because the contact intensity is above IT D . 
       FIGS. 5M-5N  illustrate an example of an align-unselected-with-selected device-generated alignment operation that aligns third user interface object  1108 - 1  with the alignment axis  1112 . In some embodiments, the align-unselected-with-selected device-generated alignment operation includes defining an alignment axis. In  FIG. 5M , the user moves contact  1110  to the left on the touch-sensitive surface (touchpad  355 ) and, in response, the device moves user interface object  1108 - 2  to the left on display  350  until it is adjacent to or overlapping a snapping boundary for user interface object  1108 - 1  (e.g., as illustrated by the shaded area around user interface object  1108 - 1  in  FIG. 5M ). In  FIG. 5N , after user interface object  1108 - 2  has moved within the snapping boundary for user interface object  1108 - 1 , user interface object  1108 - 1  is aligned to the alignment axis  1112  of user interface object  1108 - 2  (e.g., user interface object  1108 - 1  is moved up so that it is centered on the alignment axis  1112  of user interface object  1108 - 2 ), because the contact intensity is above IT D . In some embodiments, after the intensity of the contact increases above the respective intensity threshold IT D , movement of user interface object  1108 - 2  is constrained to movement along the alignment axis  1112 . 
       FIGS. 6A-6F  graphically illustrate examples, in one dimension, of activation of the align-unselected-with-selected device-generated alignment operation or the align-selected-with-unselected device-generated alignment operation, respectively, in accordance with some embodiments. The position of the second user interface object is indicated on each graph corresponding to the position of the triangle in each respective figure. The position of the first user interface object subsequent to its selection is indicated by the trace on each graph. It should be appreciated that, although  FIGS. 6A-6F  illustrate examples in one dimension, the method and device described with reference to  FIGS. 7A-7C  can be implemented in higher dimensions, e.g., two dimensions and three dimensions. 
       FIGS. 6A-6C  illustrate examples of comparing the intensity of the contact (e.g., the contact intensity) to an intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”) when the movement of the first (selected) user interface object begins. 
       FIG. 6A  illustrates an example where the predefined intensity criteria is not met. In this example, even though the contact intensity exceeds the intensity threshold at later positions, including when the first user interface object is moved within the predefined distance of the second user interface object, the contact intensity does not exceed the intensity threshold when the movement of the first user interface object begins. As such, under the circumstances illustrated in  FIG. 6A , the align-selected-with-unselected alignment operation is performed instead of the align-unselected-with-selected alignment operation (e.g., the selected user interface object is moved into alignment with the unselected user interface object while the unselected user interface object is stationary or substantially stationary instead of the unselected user interface object moving into alignment with the selected user interface object while the selected user interface object is stationary or substantially stationary). 
       FIGS. 6B-6C  illustrates an example where the predefined intensity criteria is met. In this example, the align-unselected-with-selected alignment operation becomes active (signified by the star on the trace) and remains active (signified by the dashed trace) despite the contact intensity dropping below the intensity threshold (e.g., IT D ) at later positions. As such, under the circumstances illustrated in  6 B- 6 C, the align-unselected-with-selected alignment operation is performed instead of the align-selected-with-unselected alignment operation (e.g., the unselected user interface object is moved into alignment with the selected user interface object while the selected user interface object is stationary or substantially stationary instead of the selected user interface object moving into alignment with the unselected user interface object while the unselected user interface object is stationary or substantially stationary). 
       FIGS. 6D-6F  illustrate examples of comparing the intensity of the contact (e.g., the contact intensity) to an intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”) when the first user interface object is moved within the predefined distance of the second user interface object. In each illustrated example, in  FIGS. 6D-6F  the predefined intensity criteria are met, independent of an initial contact intensity, and, optionally, independent of subsequent changes in contact intensity prior to the first user interface object being moved within the predefined distance of the second user interface object. As such, under the circumstances illustrated in  FIGS. 6D-6F , the align-unselected-with-selected alignment operation is performed instead of the align-selected-with-unselected alignment operation (e.g., the unselected user interface object is moved into alignment with the selected user interface object while the selected user interface object is stationary or substantially stationary instead of the selected user interface object moving into alignment with the unselected user interface object while the unselected user interface object is stationary or substantially stationary). In contrast to the examples described above with reference to  FIGS. 6D-6F , in some embodiments (e.g., where the contact is compared to an intensity threshold when the first user interface object is moved within the predefined distance of the second user interface object), if the contact has an intensity below the intensity threshold when the first user interface object is moved within the predefined distance of the second user interface object, the align-selected-with-unselected alignment operation is performed instead of the align-unselected-with-selected alignment operation (e.g., the selected user interface object is moved into alignment with the unselected user interface object while the unselected user interface object is stationary or substantially stationary instead of the unselected user interface object moving into alignment with the selected user interface object while the selected user interface object is stationary or substantially stationary). 
       FIGS. 7A-7C  are flow diagrams illustrating a method  1300  of align user interface objects in accordance with some embodiments. Method  1300  is performed at an electronic device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG. 3 , or portable multifunction device  100 ,  FIG. 1A ) with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is a touch screen display, in which case the display includes the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method  1300  are, optionally, combined and/or the order of some operations are, optionally, changed. 
     As described below, the method  1300  provides an intuitive way to align interface objects. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when aligning user interface objects, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to align user interface objects faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     The device displays ( 1302 ) a plurality of user interface objects on a display (e.g., user interface objects  1108  in  FIG. 5A ). The device detects the selection ( 1304 ) of a first user interface object (e.g., user interface object  1108 - 2  in  FIG. 5C  is selected in response to detecting an increase in intensity of a contact associated with a focus selector while the focus selector is over user interface object  1108 - 2 ). 
     The device detects a gesture ( 1306 ) that includes movement of a contact across the touch-sensitive surface while the first user interface object is selected. The device moves ( 1308 ) the first user interface object on the display in accordance with the movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., movement of user interface object  1108 - 2  in  FIG. 5E, 5G, 5I , or  5 K). 
     In some embodiments, the device determines ( 1312 ) whether the gesture meets predefined intensity criteria (e.g., whether the contact has an intensity above IT D ). In some embodiments, the predefined intensity criteria are met in accordance with a determination that the contact on the touch-sensitive surface has an intensity above a respective intensity threshold (e.g., IT D  in  FIGS. 5A-5N ) at a particular time or location of a respective user interface object. In some embodiments, the predefined intensity criteria include ( 1314 ) that (or are met when) the contact on the touch-sensitive surface has an intensity above a respective intensity threshold when a first user interface object (e.g., user interface object  1108 - 2 ,  FIG. 5C ) is moved within a predefined distance of a second user interface object (e.g., user interface object  1108 - 3 ,  FIG. 5C ), as described in greater detail above with reference to  FIGS. 6D-6F . In some embodiments, the predefined intensity criteria include ( 1316 ) that (or are met when) the contact on the touch-sensitive surface has an intensity above a respective intensity threshold when movement of the contact begins, as described in greater detail above with reference to  FIGS. 6A-6C . In some embodiments, the predefined intensity criteria are include ( 1318 ) that (or are met when) the contact on the touch-sensitive surface has an intensity above a respective intensity threshold when movement of the first user interface object begins. 
     In accordance with a determination that the gesture meets the predefined intensity criteria ( 1312 —Yes), and in response to movement of the first user interface object within the predefined distance of the second user interface object (e.g., the first user interface object is moved within a predefined snapping boundary of the second user interface object, such as that illustrated by the shaded area surrounding user interface object  1108 - 3  in  FIG. 5E ), the device performs ( 1322 ) a first device-generated alignment operation (e.g., an align-unselected-with-selected alignment operation, as described above with reference to  FIGS. 5E-5H and 5K-5N ) that includes moving the second (unselected) user interface object into alignment with the first (selected) user interface object by adjusting a position of the second user interface object with respect to a current position of the first user interface object on the display. Thus, in some embodiments, the second user interface object moves on the display even though the user is only directly controlling movement of the first user interface object, because the second user interface object “snaps” into alignment with the first user interface object. For example, in  FIG. 5E , user interface object  1108 - 2  is brought within the predefined distance of user interface object  1108 - 3  while the contact has an intensity above the respective intensity threshold and in  FIG. 5F , user interface object  1108 - 3  is moved into alignment with user interface object  1108 - 2  (e.g., by moving user interface object  1108 - 3  down and to the left). 
     In some embodiments, while detecting the gesture, and prior to movement of the first user interface object within the predefined distance of the second user interface object, in accordance with a determination that the gesture meets predefined intensity criteria, the device displays ( 1324 ) a visual indication that the first (align-unselected-with-selected) device-generated alignment operation will be performed instead of a second (align selected-with-unselected), different, device-generated alignment operation when the first user interface object is moved within the predefined distance of the second user interface object. For example, in some embodiments, the device changes ( 1326 ) an appearance of the first user interface object (e.g., as illustrated in  FIG. 5D , where the border of user interface object  1108 - 2  is changed to a dashed border to indicate that the first, align-unselected-with-selected, alignment operation will be performed rather than the second, align-selected-with-unselected, alignment operation). 
     In some embodiments, the first device-generated alignment operation includes ( 1328 ) movement of the second user interface object that is independent of movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. For example, in  FIG. 5F , the second user interface object (e.g., user interface object  1108 - 3 ) “jumps” into alignment with the first user interface object (e.g., user interface object  1108 - 2 ) without movement by the contact on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to movement of the second user interface object. 
     In some embodiments, the first device-generated alignment operation includes ( 1330 ) moving the second user interface object into alignment with an alignment axis determined in accordance with a position of the first user interface object on the display, as illustrated in  FIGS. 5K-5L  where user interface object  1108 - 3  moves into alignment with alignment axis  1112 . In some embodiments, after performing the first device-generated alignment operation, the device constrains the movement of the first user interface object to the alignment axis. In some embodiments, after performing the first device-generated alignment operation, the device detects ( 1332 ) subsequent movement of the contact corresponding to movement of the first user interface object along the alignment axis to a position that is within the predefined distance of a third user interface object (e.g., movement of contact  1110  in  FIG. 5M  corresponding to movement of user interface object  1108 - 2  in  FIG. 5M ). In some of these embodiments, in response to detecting the subsequent movement of the contact, the device performs ( 1334 ) a third device-generated alignment operation (e.g., an align-unselected-with-selected alignment operation), where the third device-generated alignment operation includes moving the third (unselected) user interface object into alignment with the alignment axis (e.g., movement of user interface object  1108 - 1  in  FIG. 5N  upward into alignment with alignment axis  1112 ). 
     In some embodiments, after performing the first device-generated alignment operation, the device detects ( 1336 ) subsequent movement of the contact corresponding to movement of the first user interface object within the predefined distance of a third user interface object. In some of these embodiments, in response to detecting the subsequent movement of the contact, the device performs ( 1338 ) a third device-generated alignment operation (e.g., an align-unselected-with-selected alignment operation), where the third device-generated alignment operation includes moving the third (unselected) user interface object into alignment with the first (selected) user interface object by adjusting a position of the third user interface object with respect to a current position of the first user interface object on the display. For example, in  FIG. 5G , after user interface object  1108 - 2  and user interface object  1108 - 3  have been aligned, they are moved toward user interface object  1108 - 1 . In this example, when user interface object  1108 - 2  moves within a snapping boundary of user interface object  1108 - 1  while the gesture meets the predefined intensity criteria, user interface object  1108 - 1  moves into alignment with user interface object  1108 - 2 , as shown in  FIG. 5H . 
     In accordance with a determination that the predefined intensity criteria have not been met ( 1312 —No), and in response to movement of the first user interface object within the predefined distance of the second user interface object, the device performs ( 1340 ) a second device-generated alignment operation (e.g., an align-selected-with-unselected alignment operation) that includes moving the first (selected) user interface object into alignment with the second (unselected) user interface object by adjusting a position of the first user interface object with respect to a current position of the second user interface object on the display. For example, in  FIG. 5I , user interface object  1108 - 2  is brought within the predefined distance of user interface object  1108 - 3  while the contact has an intensity below the respective intensity threshold (e.g., IT D ) and in  FIG. 5J , user interface object  1108 - 2  is moved into alignment with user interface object  1108 - 3  (e.g., by moving user interface object  1108 - 3  up and to the right). 
     In some embodiments, the second device-generated alignment operation includes movement ( 1342 ) of the first user interface object that is independent of movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. Thus, in some embodiments, movement of the first user interface object on the display so that it is aligned with the second user interface object includes movement that is not directly generated by the user by moving the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. For example, the first (selected) user interface object “snaps” into alignment with the second (unselected) user interface object while the second user interface object remains stationary or substantially stationary on the display. For example, in  FIG. 5J , the first user interface object (e.g., user interface object  1108 - 2 ) “jumps” into alignment with the second user interface object (e.g., user interface object  1108 - 3 ) without movement by the contact on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to movement of the first user interface object. 
     It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in  FIGS. 7A-7C  have been described is merely exemplary and is not intended to indicate that the described order is the only order in which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to reorder the operations described herein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processes described herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g., those listed in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments) are also applicable in an analogous manner to method  1300  described above with respect to  FIGS. 7A-7C . For example, the contacts, gestures, user interface objects, intensity thresholds, focus selectors described above with reference to method  1300  optionally have one or more of the characteristics of the contacts, gestures, user interface objects, intensity thresholds, focus selectors described herein with reference to other methods described herein (e.g., those listed in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments). For brevity, these details are not repeated here. 
     In accordance with some embodiments,  FIG. 8  shows a functional block diagram of an electronic device  1400  configured in accordance with the principles of the various described embodiments. The functional blocks of the device are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of the various described embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill in the art that the functional blocks described in  FIG. 8  are, optionally, combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of the various described embodiments. Therefore, the description herein optionally supports any possible combination or separation or further definition of the functional blocks described herein. 
     As shown in  FIG. 8 , an electronic device  1400  includes a display unit  1402  configured to display a plurality of user interface objects; a touch-sensitive surface unit  1404  configured to detect a gesture that includes movement of a contact across the touch-sensitive surface unit  1404 ; one or more sensor units  1405  configured to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit  1404 ; and a processing unit  1406  coupled to the display unit  1402 , the touch-sensitive surface unit  1404 , and the one or more sensor units  1405 . In some embodiments, the processing unit  1406  includes a display enabling unit  1407 , a selecting unit  1408 , a moving unit  1410 , a detecting unit  1412  and an aligning unit  1414 . The processing unit  1406  is configured to: detect selection of a first user interface object (e.g., with the detecting unit  1412 ); detect a gesture including movement of a contact across the touch-sensitive surface unit  1404  (e.g., with the detecting unit  1412 ); move the first user interface object on the display unit  1402  within a predefined distance of a second user interface object in accordance with movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface unit  1404  (e.g., with the moving unit  1410 ); and in response to movement of the first user interface object within the predefined distance of the second user interface object: in accordance with a determination that the gesture meets predefined intensity criteria, perform a first device-generated alignment operation (e.g., with the aligning unit  1414 ), wherein the first device-generated alignment operation includes moving the second user interface object into alignment with the first user interface object by adjusting a position of the second user interface object with respect to a current position of the first user interface object on the display unit  1402  (e.g., with the aligning unit  1414 ); and in accordance with a determination that the gesture does not meet the predefined intensity criteria, perform a second device-generated alignment operation (e.g., with the aligning unit  1414 ), wherein the second device-generated alignment operation includes moving the first user interface object into alignment with the second user interface object by adjusting a position of the first user interface object with respect to a current position of the second user interface object on the display unit  1402  (e.g., with the aligning unit  1414 ). 
     In some embodiments, the predefined intensity criteria are met when the contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit  1404  has an intensity above a respective intensity threshold when the first user interface object is moved within the predefined distance of the second user interface object. 
     In some embodiments, the predefined intensity criteria are met when the contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit  1404  has an intensity above a respective intensity threshold when movement of the contact begins. 
     In some embodiments, the predefined intensity criteria are met when the contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit  1404  has an intensity above a respective intensity threshold when movement of the first user interface object begins. 
     In some embodiments, the first device-generated alignment operation includes movement of the second user interface object (e.g., with the aligning unit  1414 ) that is independent of movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit  1404 . 
     In some embodiments, the second device-generated alignment operation includes movement of the first user interface object (e.g., with the aligning unit  1414 ) that is independent of movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit  1404 . 
     In some embodiments, the gesture meets the predefined intensity criteria and the processing unit  1406  is further configured to: after performing the first device-generated alignment operation (e.g., with the aligning unit  1414 ) detect subsequent movement of the contact corresponding to movement of the first user interface object within the predefined distance of a third user interface object (e.g., with the detecting unit  1412 ); and in response to detection of the subsequent movement of the contact, perform a third device-generated alignment operation (e.g., with the aligning unit  1414 ), wherein the third device-generated alignment operation includes moving the third user interface object into alignment with the first user interface object by adjusting a position of the third user interface object with respect to a current position of the first user interface object on the display unit  1402  (e.g., with the aligning unit  1414 ). 
     In some embodiments, the gesture meets the predefined intensity criteria; and, performing the first device-generated alignment operation includes moving the second user interface object into alignment with an alignment axis determined in accordance with a position of the first user interface object on the display unit  1402  (e.g., with the aligning unit  1414 ); and the processing unit  1406  is further configured to constrain the movement of the first user interface object to the alignment axis after performing the first device-generated alignment operation (e.g., with the aligning unit  1414 ). 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  1406  is further configured to: after performing the first device-generated alignment operation (e.g., with the aligning unit  1414 ), detect subsequent movement of the contact corresponding to movement of the first user interface object along the alignment axis to a position that is within the predefined distance of a third user interface object (e.g., with the detecting unit  1412 ); and in response to detection of the subsequent movement of the contact, perform a third device-generated alignment operation (e.g., with the aligning unit  1414 ), wherein the third device-generated alignment operation includes moving the third user interface object into alignment with the alignment axis (e.g., with the aligning unit  1414 ). 
     In some embodiments, wherein the processing unit  1406  is further configured to, while detecting the gesture and prior to movement of the first user interface object within the predefined distance of the second user interface object, in accordance with a determination that the gesture meets predefined intensity criteria, enable display (e.g., with the display enabling unit  1407 ) of a visual indication that the first device-generated alignment operation will be performed instead of the second device-generated alignment operation when the first user interface object is moved within the predefined distance of the second user interface object. 
     In some embodiments, displaying the visual indication includes changing an appearance of the first user interface object (e.g., with the display enabling unit  1407 ). 
     The operations in the information processing methods described above are, optionally implemented by running one or more functional modules in information processing apparatus such as general purpose processors (e.g., as described above with respect to  FIGS. 1A and 3 ) or application specific chips. 
     The operations described above with reference to  FIGS. 7A-7C  are, optionally, implemented by components depicted in  FIGS. 1A-1B  or  FIG. 8 . For example, detection operation  1304 , first alignment operation  1322 , and second alignment operation  1340  are, optionally, implemented by event sorter  170 , event recognizer  180 , and event handler  190 . Event monitor  171  in event sorter  170  detects a contact on touch-sensitive display  112 , and event dispatcher module  174  delivers the event information to application  136 - 1 . A respective event recognizer  180  of application  136 - 1  compares the event information to respective event definitions  186 , and determines whether a first contact at a first location on the touch-sensitive surface corresponds to a predefined event or sub-event, such as selection of an object on a user interface. When a respective predefined event or sub-event is detected, event recognizer  180  activates an event handler  190  associated with the detection of the event or sub-event. Event handler  190  optionally utilizes or calls data updater  176  or object updater  177  to update the application internal state  192 . In some embodiments, event handler  190  accesses a respective GUI updater  178  to update what is displayed by the application. Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in the art how other processes can be implemented based on the components depicted in  FIGS. 1A-1B . 
     Selecting Object within a Group of Objects 
     Many devices have applications that display multiple user interface objects, such as a drawing application in which shape objects are displayed. Within these applications, a user may group objects into groups and sub-groups, and select one or more objects for manipulation. If the user wishes to select a sub-group or one object within a sub-group, some methods make the user make multiple inputs to drill down through the groups and sub-groups or to select the objects one at a time. This is tedious and time-consuming for the user. The embodiments described below improve on these methods by using the intensity of the input on a touch-sensitive surface to determine whether to select a group of objects or a sub-group of objects. If the input on an object is light (e.g., intensity lower than a threshold), then the group of objects that includes the object on which the input is made is selected. If the input on the object is harder (e.g., intensity above the threshold), then the sub-group of objects that includes the object on which the input is made is selected. Thus, the user can select a sub-group of objects with fewer inputs, making object selection more efficient. 
       FIGS. 9A-9Y  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for selecting objects within a group of objects in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in  FIGS. 10A-10D .  FIGS. 9A-9Y  include intensity diagrams that show the current intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface relative to a plurality of intensity thresholds including a light press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT L ”), a deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”) and a sub-group intensity threshold (e.g., “IT 1 ”). 
       FIG. 9A  illustrates user interface  7500  displayed on display  450  (e.g., display  340 ) of a device (e.g., device  300 ). User interface  7500  optionally corresponds to an application (e.g., a drawing application). User interface objects  7502 - 1  thru  7502 - 5  are displayed in user interface  7500 . Objects  7502  are, optionally, shapes in a drawing or icons corresponding to respective content items or applications. Objects  7502  are, optionally, grouped (e.g., by a user) into groups and sub-groups. A group of objects need not include all of objects  7502  that are displayed on display  450 . Within a group of objects, some of the objects in the group are, optionally, grouped into sub-groups. In  FIG. 9A , objects  7502 - 1 ,  7502 - 2 , and  502 - 3  are grouped together in a group (hereinafter referred to as “Group A” for convenience), and objects  7502 - 1  and  7502 - 3  are grouped together in a sub-group (hereinafter referred to as “Sub-group B” for convenience) within Group A. Objects  7502 - 4  and  7502 - 5  are not in Group A; they are, optionally, in other respective groups of objects or not in any group of objects. 
     Cursor  7504  is displayed on display  450 . Cursor  7504  is an example of a focus selector. Cursor  7504  is, optionally, moved and positioned by a user performing an input using an input device, such as a mouse or touch-sensitive surface  451  (e.g., touchpad  355 ) of the device. In  FIG. 9A , cursor  7504  is positioned over object  7502 - 3 . 
     In  FIGS. 9A-9B , a gesture that includes contact  7506  is detected on touch-sensitive surface  451  while cursor  7504  is positioned over object  7502 - 3 . The gesture includes a press input performed using contact  7506 . In some embodiments, the gesture includes movement of contact  7506  on touch-sensitive surface  451  to position cursor  7504  over object  7502 - 3 , and then a press input with contact  7506  on touch-sensitive surface  451  while cursor  7504  is located over object  7502 - 3 . 
     The press input shown in  FIGS. 9A-9B  includes an increase in intensity of contact  7506  from an intensity below a light press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT L ”) in  FIG. 9A  to an intensity above the light press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT L ”) in  FIG. 9B . In  FIG. 9B , contact  7506  is determined to have a maximum intensity that is below a deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”). In response to detection of the gesture that includes contact  7506  in  FIGS. 9A-9B , one or more objects  7502  are selected. In accordance with the determination that contact  7506  in  FIG. 9B  has a maximum intensity that is below the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”), a set of objects that includes the objects of Group A (the group of objects to which object  7502 - 3 , over which cursor  7504  is positioned when the gesture was detected, belongs) is selected. Thus, objects  7502 - 1 ,  7502 - 2 , and  7502 - 3  are selected, as shown in  FIG. 9B , and objects  7502 - 4  and  7502 - 5  are not selected. Current selection indicator  7507  is, optionally, displayed, as shown in  FIG. 9B , to indicate the current selection of objects  7502 - 1 ,  7502 - 2 , and  7502 - 3 . 
       FIG. 9C  illustrates objects  7502  displayed in user interface  7500 , as in  FIG. 9A , and the gesture performed with contact  7506  detected on touch-sensitive surface  7505 . However, the press input shown in  FIGS. 9C-9D  includes an increase in intensity of contact  7506  from an intensity below a deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”) in  FIG. 9C  to an intensity above the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”) in  FIG. 9D . In response to detection of the gesture that includes contact  7506  in  FIGS. 9C-9D , and in accordance with the determination that contact  7506  in  FIG. 9D  has an intensity that is above the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”), the device selects a set of objects that includes object  7502 - 3  (over which cursor  7504  is positioned when the gesture was detected), but excludes one or more of the other objects in Group A (e.g., object  7502 - 2 ) and objects  7502 - 4  and  7502 - 5  that are not part of Group A, as shown in  FIG. 9D . In  FIG. 9D , the set of objects that are selected includes objects  7502 - 1  and  7502 - 3 , as object  7502 - 1  and  7502 - 3  are grouped together in Sub-group B. If object  7502 - 3  is not in Sub-group B, but is instead not in any sub-group, then just object  7502 - 3  is selected, as shown in  FIG. 9E . Current selection indicator  7507  is, optionally, displayed, as shown in  FIGS. 9D and 9E , to indicate the respective current selections of objects  7502 - 1  and  7502 - 3  in  FIG. 9D , and just object  7502 - 3  in  FIG. 9E , respectively. 
     Returning to  FIG. 9B , while contact  7506  is detected on touch-sensitive surface  451 , the intensity of contact  7506  is, optionally, increased from an intensity below the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”), as shown in  FIG. 9B , to an intensity above the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”), as shown in  FIG. 9D . In some embodiments, in response to detection of the increase in intensity of the contact above the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”), the set of objects that are selected changes from objects  7502 - 1 ,  7502 - 2 , and  7502 - 3  (e.g., the objects of Group A), as shown in  FIG. 9B , to either a set of objects that includes objects  7502 - 1  and  7502 - 3  (e.g., Sub-group B) if object  7502 - 3  is in a sub-group of objects that includes object  7502 - 1  as shown in  FIG. 9D , or to a set of objects that includes only object  7502 - 3  if object  7502 - 3 , as shown in  FIG. 9E , is not in any sub-groups. In some embodiments, in response to detection of the increase in intensity of the contact above the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”), the set of objects that are selected changes from objects  7502 - 1 ,  7502 - 2 , and  7502 - 3  (e.g., the objects of Group A), as shown in  FIG. 9B , to a set of objects that includes only object  7502 - 3 , as shown in  FIG. 9E , without regard to whether or not object  7502 - 3  is in a sub-group with other objects (e.g., a press input with a maximum intensity between IT L  and IT D  selects a group of objects while a press input with a maximum intensity above IT D  selects only the object over which the focus selector is located without regard to what groups or sub-groups the object is associated/grouped with). 
     Thus, in response to detection of a gesture with a press input, one or more objects are selected. If the maximum intensity of the press input is below the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”), then the set of selected objects includes the group of objects that includes the object over which the cursor is positioned, and excludes the other objects, as shown in  FIG. 9B . If the intensity of the press input is above the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”), then the set of selected objects includes the object over which the cursor is positioned, and excludes objects not in the group of objects that includes the object over which the cursor is positioned and excludes one or more of the other objects in the group of objects that includes the object over which the cursor is positioned. 
     Continuing from  FIG. 9B ,  FIG. 9F  shows objects  7502 - 1 ,  7502 - 2 , and  7502 - 3  selected. The gesture that includes the press input with contact  7506  continues to be detected, and the maximum intensity of contact  7506  remains below the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”), and a movement  7510  of contact  7506  is detected. In response to detection of movement  7510  of contact  7506 , the set of selected objects (objects  7502 - 1 ,  7502 - 2 , and  7502 - 3 ) moves in accordance with the direction of movement  7510 , but the unselected objects (objects  7502 - 4  and  7502 - 5 ) remain in place, as shown in  FIG. 9G , where the set of selected objects have been moved relative to the unselected objects. 
     Contact  7506  is, optionally, lifted off touch-sensitive surface  451 . For example,  FIG. 9H  shows contact  7506  lifted off touch-sensitive surface  451  after the movement of selected objects  7502 - 1 ,  7502 - 2 , and  7502 - 3  as shown in  FIGS. 9F-9G . After detection of the liftoff of contact  7506 , the set of selected objects (objects  7502 - 1 ,  7502 - 2 , and  7502 - 3 ) optionally remain selected, as shown in  FIG. 9H . 
     Continuing from  FIG. 9D ,  FIG. 9I  shows objects  7502 - 1  and  7502 - 3  selected. The gesture that includes contact  7506  continues to be detected, and the intensity of contact  7506  remains above the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”), and a movement  7512  of contact  7506  is detected. In response to detection of movement  7512  of contact  7506 , the set of selected objects (objects  7502 - 1  and  7502 - 3 ) moves in accordance with the direction of movement  7512 , but the unselected objects (objects  7502 - 2 ,  7502 - 4 , and  7502 - 5 ) remain in place, as shown in  FIG. 9J  where the set of selected objects have been moved relative to the unselected objects. 
     Contact  7506  is, optionally, lifted off touch-sensitive surface  451 . For example,  FIG. 9K  shows contact  7506  lifted off touch-sensitive surface  451  after the movement of selected objects  7502 - 1  and  7502 - 3  as in  FIGS. 9I-9J  After detection of the liftoff of contact  7506 , the set of selected objects (objects  7502 - 1  and  7502 - 3 ) optionally remain selected, as shown in  FIG. 9K . 
     Continuing from  FIG. 9K ,  FIG. 9L  shows detection of a new gesture on touch-sensitive surface  451  while objects  7502 - 1  and  7502 - 3  (e.g., Sub-group B) are selected and cursor  7504  is positioned over object  7502 - 3 . The new gesture includes a press input that includes an increase in intensity of contact  7514  from an intensity below a light press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT L ”) in  FIG. 9L  to an intensity above the light press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT L ”) in  FIG. 9M . The intensity of contact  7514  is determined by the device. In  FIG. 9L , contact  7514  is determined to have a maximum intensity that is below the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”). In response to detection of the gesture that includes contact  7514  in  FIGS. 9L-9M , and in accordance with the determination that contact  7514  has a maximum intensity that is below the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”), the selection of object  7502 - 1  and  7502 - 3  is maintained, as shown in  FIG. 9M . 
     Also continuing from  FIG. 9K ,  FIG. 9N  shows detection of the gesture that includes  7514  on touch-sensitive surface  451  while objects  7502 - 1  and  7502 - 3  (e.g., Sub-group B) are selected and cursor  7504  is positioned over object  7502 - 3 . In  FIG. 9N , the device detects a press input that includes an increase in intensity of contact  7514  from an intensity below a light press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”) in  FIG. 9N  to an intensity above the light press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”) in  FIG. 9O . In response to detection of the gesture that includes contact  7514 , and in accordance with the determination that contact  7514  has a maximum intensity that is above the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”), the set of selected objects is modified so that the set of selected objects include  7502 - 3  and do not include object  7502 - 1 , as shown in  FIG. 9O , where object  7502 - 3  of Sub-group B is selected but the other objects in Sub-group B are not selected. 
     Thus, after the selection of a sub-group of objects in response to the detection of the first gesture with a press input, a second gesture with a press input is, optionally, detected. If the maximum intensity of the press input in the second gesture is below the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”), then the selection of the sub-group of objects is maintained, as shown in  FIG. 9M . If the intensity of the press input is above the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”), then the set of selected objects is modified to include the object over which the cursor is positioned, and excludes the other objects in the sub-group of objects, as shown in  FIG. 9O . 
     In some embodiments, the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”) is one of multiple intensity thresholds that include a sub-group intensity threshold (e.g., “IT 1 ”) that is higher than the first intensity threshold, and as a press input increases above different intensity threshold, different sets or subsets of objects are selected in accordance with the changing intensity of a contact that performs the press input.  FIGS. 9P-9S  illustrate an example of these embodiments where the intensity of contact  7516  increases from an intensity below a light press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT L ”) to an intensity above a sub-group intensity threshold. In  FIG. 9P , the intensity of contact  7516  is below the light press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT L ”), and thus none of the user interface objects  7502  are selected. In  FIG. 9Q , the device detects an increase in the intensity of contact  7516  from an intensity below the light press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT L ”) to an intensity between the light press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT L ”) and the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”), and in response, the device selects the Group A objects (e.g.,  7502 - 1 ,  7502 - 2  and  7502 - 3 ). In  FIG. 9R , the device detects an increase in the intensity of contact  7516  from an intensity below the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”) to an intensity between the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”) and the sub-group intensity threshold (e.g., “IT 1 ”), and in response, the device selects the Sub-group B objects (e.g.,  7502 - 1  and  7502 - 3 ). In  FIG. 9S , the device detects an increase in the intensity of contact  7516  from an intensity below the sub-group press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT 1 ”) to an intensity above the sub-group intensity threshold (e.g., “IT 1 ”), and in response, the device selects objects  7502 - 3  without selecting the other Sub-group B objects (e.g., object  7502 - 1 ). 
     In some embodiments, the number of intensity thresholds are determined based on a number of “layers” of sub-groups in a particular user interface or associated with a particular object in the user interface (e.g., so that the number of intensity thresholds corresponds to the number of sub-groups). In some embodiments, each layer of sub-group of a set of some or all of the sub-groups is assigned to a particular intensity threshold or range of intensity thresholds. For example, if an object is a member of a group and N nested sub-groups within the group, when a press input is detected while a focus selector (e.g., cursor  7504 ) is over an object, the group is selected when the press input has a maximum intensity between IT L  and a first sub-group intensity threshold (e.g., IT D ); the first sub-group is selected in response to detecting a press input with a maximum intensity between the first sub-group intensity threshold and a second, higher, sub-group intensity threshold; and so on up through an N th  intensity threshold. In this example, a user is enabled to quickly and efficiently select an arbitrary M th  subgroup associated with an object over which the focus selector (e.g., cursor  7504 ) is located by performing a press input with a maximum intensity between the M th  and M+1 th  intensity thresholds. In some embodiments, the number of intensity thresholds for a plurality of objects associated with different numbers of subgroups are the same (e.g., an object associated with three sub-groups will use the lowest three sub-group intensity thresholds used by an object associated with six sub-groups). In some embodiments, the number of intensity thresholds for a plurality of objects associated with different numbers of subgroups are different (e.g., an object associated with three sub-groups will use a different set of intensity thresholds as an object associated with six sub-groups). In the example shown in  FIGS. 9P-9S , the group including objects  7502 - 1 ,  7502 - 2  and  7502 - 3  is selected in response to a press input with an intensity between IT L  and IT D ; the first sub-group including objects  7502 - 1  and  7502 - 3  is selected in response to a press input with an intensity between IT D  and IT 1  (e.g., the first sub-group is associated with a range of intensities between IT D  and IT 1 ); and the second sub-group including only object  7502 - 3  is selected in response to a press input with an intensity above IT 1  (e.g., the second sub-group is associated with a range of intensities above IT 1 ). While the example shown in  FIGS. 9P-9S  illustrates a situation where there are two sub-groups associated with object  7502 - 3 , additional intensity thresholds or ranges are, optionally, used is situations where there are more than two sub-groups to enable the user to quickly and efficiently select the different sub-groups. 
     In some embodiments, while the gesture performed with contact  7516  is detected, respective group indicators for Group A and Sub-group B are, optionally, displayed.  FIG. 9T , for example, illustrates group indicator  7522  and sub-group indicator  7524  displayed in user interface  7500  while the gesture with contact  7516  is detected on touch-sensitive surface  451 , object  7502 - 3  is selected, and cursor  7504  is positioned over object  7502 - 3 . Group indicator  7522  provides an indicator of a region on display  450  that includes all of the objects in Group A. Sub-group indicator  7524  provides an indicator of a region on display  450  that includes all of the objects in Sub-group B. Thus, group indicator  7522  encompasses objects  7502 - 1 ,  7502 - 2 , and  7502 - 3  of Group A, and sub-group indicator  7524  encompasses objects  7502 - 1  and  7502 - 3  of Sub-group B. 
       FIGS. 9T-9U  also show movement  7526  of contact  7516  detected on touch-sensitive surface  451 . In response to detection of movement  7526  of contact  7516 , cursor  7504  and object  7502 - 3  moves in the same direction as movement  7526 , and the other objects remain in place. As object  7502 - 3  moves, object  7502 - 3  optionally moves outside of the original region indicated by sub-group indicator  7524  and also outside of the original region indicated by group indicator  7522 , as shown in  FIG. 9U . In some embodiments, moving “outside” of the original region includes moving partially or completely, outside of the original region. 
     In accordance with a determination that object  7502 - 3  moves outside of the region indicated by group indicator  7522 , indicator  7522  is updated to indicate an updated region that includes the objects of Group A. For example, indicator  7522  optionally expands in the direction in which object  7522  moves. In some embodiments, the transition from the original region to the updated region is animated, as shown in  FIG. 9U . In accordance with a determination that object  7502 - 3  moves outside of the region indicated by sub-group indicator  7524 , indicator  7524  is updated to indicate an updated region that includes the objects of Sub-group B. For example, indicator  7524  optionally expands in the direction in which object  7524  moves, as shown in  FIG. 9U . In some embodiments, the transition from the original region to the updated region is animated. Also, in some embodiments, indicators  7522  and  7524  are updated concurrently. 
     As described above, current selection indicator  7507  is, optionally, displayed to indicate the current selection of objects. Current selection indicator  7507  also indicates the one or more objects, namely the selected objects, that will move in accordance with movement of a contact on touch-sensitive surface  451 . For example,  FIG. 9I  illustrates current selection indicator  7507  displayed around objects  7502 - 1  and  7502 - 3  and indicating that objects  7502 - 1  and  7502 - 3  will move in response to movement of contact  7506 . In response to detection of movement  7512  of contact  7506 , objects  7502 - 1  and  7502 - 3  moves in accordance with movement  7512 , as shown in  FIG. 9J . 
     As described above, while the maximum intensity of contact  7506  is below the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”), then the group of objects that include the object over which the cursor is positioned is selected. Thus, current selection indicator  7507  indicates that the group of objects will move in accordance with movement of a contact on touch-sensitive surface  451 . For example,  FIGS. 9F-9G  shows current selection indicator  7507  displayed around selected objects  7502 - 1 ,  7502 - 2  and  7502 - 3  (e.g., the objects of Group A) and those objects moving in response to movement  7510  of contact  7506 . 
     In response to detection of an increase in the intensity of contact  7506 , the appearance of current selection indicator  7507  changes to indicate a different set of objects that are selected, and thus also indicate a different set of objects that will move in accordance with a movement of contact  7506 . As described above in reference to  FIGS. 9B and 9D , in response to detection of an increase in the intensity of contact  7506  from below the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”) to above the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”) threshold, current selection indicator  7507  changes to indicate a change in the set of objects that are selected from the objects of Group A to the objects of Sub-group B (or just object  7502 -C, if object  7502 -C is not part of any sub-group), and thus indicate that the objects of Sub-group B (or just object  7502 -C, as the case may be) will move in accordance with a movement of contact  7506 . 
     In some embodiments, the change in current selection indicator  7507  is, optionally, animated. For example, referring back to  FIGS. 9B and 9D , the lower boundary and handles  7509  located at the lower boundary of indicator  7507  move up, bring the lower boundary along, in accordance with the increase in the intensity of contact  7506  and the resulting change in the set of objects that are selected. The moving of handles  7509  at the lower boundary of indicator  7507  is, optionally, animated as a transition from indicator  7507  as shown in  FIG. 9B  to that shown in  FIG. 9D . 
       FIGS. 9V-9Y  illustrate an example of the user interfaces described above implemented on a device (e.g., device  100 ) with a touch-sensitive display (e.g., touch screen  112 ).  FIG. 9V  illustrates user interface  7530  displayed on touch-sensitive display  112  of a device. User interface  7530  optionally corresponds to an application (e.g., a drawing application). 
     Objects  7532 - 1  thru  7532 - 5  are displayed in user interface  7530 . Objects  7532  are, optionally, grouped into groups. A group of objects need not include all of objects  7532  that are displayed on touch-sensitive display  112 . Within a group of objects, some of the objects in the group are, optionally, grouped into sub-groups. In  FIG. 9V , objects  7532 - 1 ,  7532 - 2 , and  502 - 3  are grouped together in a group (hereinafter referred to as “Group C” for convenience), and objects  7532 - 1  and  7532 - 3  are grouped together in a sub-group (hereinafter referred to as “Sub-group D” for convenience) within Group C. Objects  7532 - 4  and  7532 - 5  are not in Group C; they are, optionally, in other respective groups of objects or not in any group of objects. 
     In  FIGS. 9V-9W , a gesture that includes contact  7536  is detected on touch screen  112  while contact  7536  is located over object  7532 - 3 . The gesture includes a press input performed using contact  7536  that includes an increase in intensity of contact  7536  from an intensity below the light press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT L ”) to an intensity above the light press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT L ”). The intensity of contact  7536  is determined by the device. In  FIG. 9W , contact  7536  is determined to have a maximum intensity that is below the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”). 
     In response to detection of the gesture that includes contact  7536  in  FIGS. 9V-9W , one or more objects  7532  are selected. In accordance with the determination that contact  7536  has a maximum intensity that is below the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”), a set of objects that includes the objects of Group C (the group of objects to which object  7532 - 3 , over which contact  7536  is detected, belongs) is selected. Thus, objects  7532 - 1 ,  7532 - 2 , and  7532 - 3  are selected, as shown in  FIG. 9W , and objects  7532 - 4  and  7532 - 5  are not selected. Current selection indicator  7537  is, optionally, displayed, as shown in  FIG. 9W , to indicate the current selection of objects  7532 - 1 ,  7532 - 2 , and  7532 - 3 . 
       FIG. 9X  illustrates objects  7532  displayed in user interface  7530 , as in  FIG. 9V , and the gesture with contact  7536  detected on touch screen  112  over object  7532 - 3 . In  FIGS. 9X-9Y , a gesture that includes contact  7536  is detected on touch screen  112  while contact  7536  is located over object  7532 - 3 . The gesture includes a press input performed using contact  7536  that includes an increase in intensity of contact  7536  from an intensity below the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”) to an intensity above the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”). The intensity of contact  7536  is determined by the device. However, in  FIG. 9Y , the intensity of contact  7536  is determined to be above the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”). 
     In response to detection of the gesture that includes contact  7536  in  FIGS. 9X-9Y , and in accordance with the determination that contact  7536  has a intensity that is above the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”), a set of objects that includes object  7532 - 3  (over which contact  7536  is detected), but excludes one or more of the other objects in Group C and objects  7532 - 4  and  7532 - 5 , is selected, as shown in  FIG. 9Y . In  FIG. 9Y , the set of objects that are selected includes objects  7532 - 1  and  7532 - 3 , as object  7532 - 1  and  7532 - 3  are grouped together in Sub-group D. If object  7532 - 3  was not in any sub-group of objects, then just object  7532 - 3  would be selected. Current selection indicator  7537  is, optionally, displayed, as shown in  FIG. 9Y , to indicate the respective current selections of objects  7532 - 1  and  7532 - 3  in  FIG. 9Y . 
     Returning to  FIG. 9W , while contact  7536  is detected on touch-sensitive display  112 , the intensity of contact  7536  is, optionally, increased from an intensity below the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”), as shown in  FIG. 9W , to an intensity above the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”), as shown in  FIG. 9Y . In response to detection of the increase in intensity, the set of objects that are selected changes from objects  7532 - 1 ,  7532 - 2 , and  7532 - 3  (e.g., the objects of Group C), as shown in  FIG. 9W , to objects  7532 - 1  and  7532 - 3  (e.g., Sub-group D), as shown in  FIG. 9Y . 
       FIGS. 10A-10D  are flow diagrams illustrating a method  7600  of selecting objects within a group of objects in accordance with some embodiments. The method  7600  is performed at an electronic device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG. 3 , or portable multifunction device  100 ,  FIG. 1A ) with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is a touch screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method  7600  are, optionally, combined and/or the order of some operations is, optionally, changed. 
     As described below, the method  7600  provides an intuitive way to select objects within a group of objects. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when selecting objects within a group of objects, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to select objects within a group of objects faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     The device displays ( 7602 ) a plurality of user interface objects on the display, where two or more of the user interface objects are grouped together in a group of objects and one or more other objects of the plurality of user interface objects are not in the group of objects.  FIG. 9A , for example, shows user interface objects  7502 - 1  thru  7502 - 5  displayed on display  450 . Objects  7502 - 1 ,  7502 - 2  and  7502 - 3  are grouped into Group A, and objects  7502 - 4  and  7502 - 5  are not in Group A. As another example,  FIG. 9V  shows user interface objects  7532 - 1  thru  7532 - 5  displayed on touch-sensitive display  112 . Objects  7532 - 1 ,  7532 - 2  and  7532 - 3  are grouped into Group C, and objects  7532 - 4  and  7532 - 5  are not in Group C. 
     The device detects ( 7604 ) a first gesture that includes a first press input corresponding to a first contact (e.g., a finger contact), where the first press input is detected at a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to a respective object in the group of objects. For example,  FIGS. 9A-9B and 9C-9D  show detection of a gesture that includes a press input performed with contact  7506  on touch-sensitive surface  451 . Contact  7506  is detected on touch-sensitive surface  451  while cursor  7504  is positioned over object  7502 - 3 ; contact  7506  is detected at a location on touch-sensitive surface  451  that corresponds to object  7502 - 3 .  FIGS. 9V-9W and 9X-9Y  show detection of a gesture that includes a press input performed with contact  7536  on touch-sensitive display  112 . Contact  7536  is detected at a location on touch-sensitive display  112  corresponding to object  7532 - 3 . In some embodiments, the first gesture includes ( 7606 ) movement of the first contact across the touch-sensitive surface, as shown in  FIGS. 9F-9G, 9I-9J and 9T-9U . In some embodiments, the respective object is a member of a sub-group of objects that includes the respective object and at least one additional object from the group of objects. Object  7502 - 3 , for example, is a member of Sub-group B along with object  7502 - 1  in  FIG. 9D . 
     In some embodiments, the device displays ( 7608 ) a current selection indicator indicating one or more objects that will move in accordance with movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In  FIG. 9F-9G or 9I-9J , current selection indicator  7507  is displayed to indicate the current selected set of objects, which is also the objects that will move in accordance with movement of contact  7506 . 
     In some embodiments, while the press input has an intensity below a first intensity threshold (e.g., the deep press intensity threshold), the current selection indicator indicates ( 7610 ) that the group of objects will move in accordance with movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface. Optionally, in response to determining that the press input has exceeded the first intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”), the device adjusts ( 7612 ) the appearance of the current selection indicator to indicate that the respective object or a sub-group of objects that includes the respective object will move in accordance with movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In  FIG. 9F , while contact  7506  is below the first intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”), the currently selected set of objects is the objects of Group A, which will move in accordance with movement of contact  7506 . In  FIG. 9I , in response to a determination that the intensity of contact  7506  is above the first intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”), the currently selected set of objects is the objects of Sub-group B, which will move in accordance with movement of contact  7506 . 
     In some embodiments, adjusting the appearance of the current selection indicator includes ( 7614 ) displaying an animation of a plurality of resizing handles moving from a first boundary indicating an extent of the group of objects on the display to a second boundary indicating an extent of the respective object or the sub-group of objects on the display. For example, a transition of current selection indicator  7507  from that as shown in  FIG. 9B  to that as shown in  FIG. 9D  optionally includes, for example, an animation showing handles  7509  in the lower boundary of current selection indicator  7507  moving up along with a shifting lower boundary (e.g., from positions  7509 - a  in  FIG. 9B  to positions  7509 - b  in  FIG. 9D ). In some embodiments, the animation includes an animation of handles moving from group indicator  7522  to group indicator  7524  in  FIG. 9T . 
     In some embodiments, the respective object is a member of a sub-group of objects that includes the respective object and at least one additional object from the group of objects, and while detecting the first contact, the device displays ( 7616 ) a first group indicator for the group and a second group indicator for the sub-group, where the first group indicator provides an indication of a first region of the display that includes all of the objects in the group, and the second group indicator provides an indication of a second region of the display that includes all of the objects in the sub-group. In  FIGS. 9T-9U , for example, group indicators  7522  and  7524  are displayed while contact  7506  is detected on touch-sensitive surface  451 . Group indicator  7522  indicates a region that includes the objects of Group A. Group indicator  7524  indicates a region that includes the objects of Sub-group B. 
     In response ( 7618 ) to detecting the first gesture, the device selects ( 7620 ) one or more of the plurality of objects as a set of selected objects. In accordance with a determination that the first press input had a maximum intensity below a first intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”), selecting the set of selected objects includes ( 7622 ) selecting the set of selected objects so as to include the objects in the group of objects and exclude the one or more other objects that are not in the group of objects. In accordance with a determination that the first press input had an intensity above the first intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”), selecting the set of selected objects includes ( 7624 ) selecting the set of selected objects so as to include the respective object and exclude one or more objects in the group of objects and the one or more other objects that are not in the group of objects. For example, a plurality of shapes is displayed on a canvas, several of which are grouped together in a group. If a user presses lightly on a shape that is a member of the group, the entire group is selected. If the user presses harder on the shape, that shape (or a sub-group that includes that shape) is selected instead of selecting the entire group. In some embodiments, the grouping of the objects is maintained while performing these different selection operations (e.g., even if a sub-group or a particular object are selected, the shapes in the group remain grouped together so that they will all be selected together in a subsequent selection operation). 
       FIG. 9B  shows, for example, objects  7502 - 1 ,  7502 - 2  and  7502 - 3  (the objects of Group A) selected, and the other objects  7502  not selected, in response to detection of the gesture and in accordance with the determination that the maximum intensity of contact  7506  is below the first intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”).  FIG. 9D  shows objects  7502 - 1  and  7502 - 3  (the objects of Sub-group B) selected, and the other objects that are part of the group (e.g., object  7502 ) not selected, in response to detection of the gesture and in accordance with the determination that the intensity of contact  7506  is above the first intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”).  FIG. 9E  shows object  7502 - 3  selected, and the other objects  7502  not selected, in response to detection of the gesture, in accordance with the determination that the intensity of contact  7506  is above the first intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”) when object  7502 - 3  is not in a sub-group (e.g., a sub-group that includes multiple objects). 
       FIG. 9W  shows, for example, objects  7532 - 1 ,  7532 - 2  and  7532 - 3  (the objects of Group C) selected, and the other objects  7532  not selected, in response to detection of the gesture and in accordance with the determination that the maximum intensity of contact  7536  is below the first intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”).  FIG. 9Y  shows objects  7532 - 1  and  7532 - 3  (the objects of Sub-group D) selected, and the other objects that are part of the group (e.g., object  7532 ) not selected, in response to detection of the gesture and in accordance with the determination that the intensity of contact  7536  is above the first intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”). 
     In some embodiments, the respective object is a member of a sub-group of objects that includes the respective object and at least one additional object from the group of objects, and selecting the set of selected objects includes ( 7626 ): in accordance with a determination that the first press input had a maximum intensity between the first intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”) and a second intensity threshold (e.g., “IT 1 ”), the device selects ( 7628 ) the set of selected objects so as to include the objects in the sub-group of objects and exclude one or more objects in the group of objects; and in accordance with a determination that the first press input had a maximum intensity above the second intensity threshold (e.g., “IT 1 ”), the device selects ( 7630 ) the set of selected objects so as to include the respective object and exclude one or more objects in the sub-group of objects. For example, a plurality of shapes is displayed on a canvas, several of which are grouped together in a group. If a user presses lightly on a shape that is a member of the group, the entire group is selected. If the user presses harder on the shape, a sub-group that includes the shape is selected instead of selecting the entire group. If the user presses even harder on the shape, the shape is selected instead of selecting the group or the sub-group that includes the shape. 
       FIGS. 9Q-9R , for example, show an example where the device detects a press input including an increase in intensity of contact  7516  from an intensity below a first intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”) to an intensity between the first intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”) and the second intensity threshold (e.g., “IT 1 ”) on touch-sensitive surface  451 , and, in response, selects a set of selected objects including objects  7502 - 1  and  7502 - 3  and excludes the rest in accordance with the intensity determination.  FIGS. 9R-9S  show an example where the device detects a press input including an increase in intensity of contact  7516  from an intensity between the first intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”) and the second intensity threshold (e.g., “IT 1 ”) to an intensity above the first intensity threshold (e.g., “IT 1 ”) on touch-sensitive surface  451 , and, in response, selects a set of selected objects including object  7502 - 3  and excluding the rest in accordance with the intensity determination. 
     In some embodiments, the first gesture includes movement of the first contact across the touch-sensitive surface, and in response to detecting the first gesture, the device moves ( 7632 ) the set of selected objects relative to unselected objects that are not included in the set of selected objects (e.g., in accordance with a determination that the first press input had a maximum intensity below the first intensity threshold, moving the group of objects relative to the one or more other objects that are not in the group of objects in accordance with the movement of the first contact across the touch-sensitive surface; and in accordance with a determination that the first press input had an intensity above the first intensity threshold, moving the respective object (or a sub-group that includes the respective object) relative to other objects in the group of objects and the one or more other objects that are not in the group of objects in accordance with the movement of the first contact across the touch-sensitive surface).  FIG. 9F , for example, shows movement  7510  of contact  7506  across touch-sensitive surface  451 . In response to detection of movement  7510 , selected objects  7502 - 1 ,  7502 - 2  and  7502 - 3  move relative to unselected objects  7502 - 4  and  7502 - 5 , as shown in  FIG. 9G .  FIG. 9I , for example, shows movement  7512  of contact  7506  across touch-sensitive surface  451 . In response to detection of movement  7512 , selected objects  7502 - 1  and  7502 - 3  move relative to unselected objects  7502 - 2 ,  7502 - 4 , and  7502 - 5 , as shown in  FIG. 9J . 
     In some embodiments (e.g., where the device moves the set of selected objects relative to unselected objects), in accordance with a determination that movement of the set of selected objects includes movement of an object in the group outside of the first region, the device updates ( 7634 ) the first group indicator to provide an indication of an updated first region of the display that includes all of the objects in the group. In some embodiments, updating the first group indicator includes ( 7636 ) displaying an animation of the first group indicator transitioning from indicating the first region to indicating the updated first region. The transition of group indicator  7522  from indicating the region corresponding to group indicator  7522  in  FIG. 9T  to the region corresponding to group indicator  7522  in  FIG. 9U , for example, is, optionally, animated. 
     In some embodiments (e.g., where the device moves the set of selected objects relative to unselected objects), in accordance with a determination that movement of the set of selected objects includes movement of an object in the sub-group outside of the second region, the device updates ( 7638 ) the second group indicator to provide an indication of an updated second region of the display that includes all of the objects in the sub-group.  FIG. 9T-9U , for example, show an example of updating indicators  7522  and  7524 , in accordance with movement of selected object  7502 - 3  outside of the original regions indicated by indicators  7522  and  7524 . In some embodiments, updating the second group indicator includes ( 7640 ) displaying an animation of the second group indicator transitioning from indicating the second region to indicating the updated second region. The transition of indicator  7524  from indicating the region shown in  FIG. 9T  to the region shown in  FIG. 9U , for example, is, optionally, animated. In some embodiments, the first group indicator is ( 7642 ) updated concurrently with the second group indicator. Indicators  7522  and  7524  are, optionally, updated at the same time as object  7502 - 3  moves, as shown in  FIGS. 9T-9U . 
     In some embodiments, the device detects ( 7646 ) liftoff of the first contact, and after detecting liftoff of the first contact, the device maintains ( 7648 ) selection of the set of selected objects.  FIGS. 9G-9H , for example, show selection of objects  7502 - 1 ,  7502 - 2  and  7502 - 3  maintained in response to detection of liftoff of contact  7506 .  FIGS. 9J-9K  shows selection of objects  7502 - 1  and  7502 - 3  maintained after detecting liftoff of contact  7506 . 
     In some embodiments, the respective object is a member of a sub-group of objects that includes the respective object and at least one additional object from the group of objects. Object  7502 - 3 , for example, is a member of Sub-group B along with object  7502 - 1 . While the set of selected objects includes the sub-group of objects, the device detects ( 7650 ) a second gesture that includes a second press input corresponding to a second contact (e.g., a finger contact), where the second press input is detected at a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the respective object (e.g., after detecting an end of the first gesture and/or liftoff of the first contact). In response ( 7652 ) to detecting the second gesture, in accordance with a determination that the second press input had a maximum intensity below the first intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”), the device maintains ( 7654 ) selection of the set of selected objects that includes the sub-group of objects; and in accordance with a determination that the second press input had an intensity above the first intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”), the device modifies ( 7656 ) the set of selected objects so as to include the respective object and exclude one or more objects in the sub-group of objects. For example, a plurality of shapes is displayed on a canvas, several of which are grouped together in a group. If a user presses lightly (e.g., a press input with a maximum intensity between IT L  and IT D ) on a shape that is a member of the group, the entire group is selected. If the user presses harder (e.g., a press input with a maximum intensity above IT D ) on the shape, a sub-group that includes that shape is selected instead of selecting the entire group. However if the sub-group is already selected when the user presses lightly (e.g., a press input with a maximum intensity between IT L  and IT D ) on the shape, then the sub-group is selected, whereas if the user presses harder (e.g., a press input with a maximum intensity above IT D ) on the shape while the sub-group is already selected, the shape is selected instead of selecting the sub-group. 
       FIGS. 9L-9O  show, for example, a second gesture with contact  7514  detected on touch-sensitive surface  451  while the set of selected objects includes the objects of Sub-group B and cursor  7504  is positioned over object  7502 - 3 . In accordance with a determination that the maximum intensity of contact  7514  is below the first intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”), in response to detection of the gesture, selection of objects  7502 - 1  and  7502 - 3  are maintained, as shown in  FIGS. 9L-9M . In accordance with a determination that the intensity of contact  7514  is above the first intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”), in response to detection of the gesture, the set of selected objects is changed to object  7502 - 3  and object  7502 - 3  is excluded, as shown in  FIGS. 9N-9O . 
     It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in  FIGS. 10A-10D  have been described is merely exemplary and is not intended to indicate that the described order is the only order in which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to reorder the operations described herein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processes described herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g., those listed in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments) are also applicable in an analogous manner to method  7600  described above with respect to  FIGS. 10A-10D . For example, the contacts, gestures, user interface objects, intensity thresholds, focus selectors, animations described above with reference to method  7600  optionally have one or more of the characteristics of the contacts, gestures, user interface objects, intensity thresholds, focus selectors, animations described herein with reference to other methods described herein (e.g., those listed in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments). For brevity, these details are not repeated here. 
     In accordance with some embodiments,  FIG. 11  shows a functional block diagram of an electronic device  7700  configured in accordance with the principles of the various described embodiments. The functional blocks of the device are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of the various described embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill in the art that the functional blocks described in  FIG. 11  are, optionally, combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of the various described embodiments. Therefore, the description herein optionally supports any possible combination or separation or further definition of the functional blocks described herein. 
     As shown in  FIG. 11 , an electronic device  7700  includes a display unit  7702  configured to display a plurality of user interface objects, wherein two or more of the user interface objects are grouped together in a group of objects and one or more other objects of the plurality of user interface objects are not in the group of objects; a touch-sensitive surface unit  7704  configured to receive gestures; one or more sensor unit  7705  configured to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit  7704 ; and a processing unit  7706  coupled to the display unit  7702 , the touch-sensitive surface unit  7704 , and the sensor units  7705 . In some embodiments, the processing unit  7706  includes a detecting unit  7708 , a selecting unit  7710 , a moving unit  7712 , a maintaining unit  7714 , a modifying unit  7716 , a display enabling unit  7718 , an updating unit  7720 , and an adjusting unit  7722 . 
     The processing unit  7706  is configured to: detect a first gesture that includes a first press input corresponding to a first contact, wherein the first press input is detected at a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to a respective object in the group of objects (e.g., with the detecting unit  7708 ); and in response to detecting the first gesture, select one or more of the plurality of objects as a set of selected objects (e.g., with the selecting unit  7710 ). Selecting the set of selected objects includes: in accordance with a determination that the first press input had a maximum intensity below a first intensity threshold, selecting the set of selected objects so as to include the objects in the group of objects and exclude the one or more other objects that are not in the group of objects; and in accordance with a determination that the first press input had an intensity above the first intensity threshold, selecting the set of selected objects so as to include the respective object and exclude one or more objects in the group of objects and the one or more other objects that are not in the group of objects. 
     In some embodiments, the first gesture includes movement of the first contact across the touch-sensitive surface. The processing unit  7706  is configured to: in response to detecting the first gesture, move the set of selected objects relative to unselected objects that are not included in the set of selected objects (e.g., with the moving unit  7712 ). 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  7706  is configured to: detect liftoff of the first contact (e.g., with the detecting unit  7708 ), and after detecting liftoff of the first contact, maintain selection of the set of selected objects (e.g., with the maintaining unit  7714 ). 
     In some embodiments, the respective object is a member of a sub-group of objects that includes the respective object and at least one additional object from the group of objects. The processing unit  7706  is configured to: while the set of selected objects includes the sub-group of objects, detect a second gesture that includes a second press input corresponding to a second contact (e.g., with the detecting unit  7708 ), wherein the second press input is detected at a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the respective object; and in response to detecting the second gesture: in accordance with a determination that the second press input had a maximum intensity below the first intensity threshold, maintain selection of the set of selected objects that includes the sub-group of objects (e.g., with the maintaining unit  7714 ); and in accordance with a determination that the second press input had an intensity above the first intensity threshold, modify the set of selected objects so as to include the respective object and exclude one or more objects in the sub-group of objects (e.g., with the modifying unit  7716 ). 
     In some embodiments, the respective object is a member of a sub-group of objects that includes the respective object and at least one additional object from the group of objects. Selecting the set of selected objects includes: in accordance with a determination that the first press input had a maximum intensity between the first intensity threshold and a second intensity threshold, selecting the set of selected objects so as to include the objects in the sub-group of objects and exclude one or more objects in the group of objects; and in accordance with a determination that the first press input had a maximum intensity above the second intensity threshold, selecting the set of selected objects so as to include the respective object and exclude one or more objects in the sub-group of objects. 
     In some embodiments, the respective object is a member of a sub-group of objects that includes the respective object and at least one additional object from the group of objects. The processing unit  7706  is configured to: while detecting the first contact, enable display of a first group indicator for the group and a second group indicator for the sub-group (e.g., with the display enabling unit  7718 ), wherein: the first group indicator provides an indication of a first region of the display that includes all of the objects in the group; and the second group indicator provides an indication of a second region of the display that includes all of the objects in the sub-group. 
     In some embodiments, the first gesture includes movement of the first contact across the touch-sensitive surface. The processing unit  7706  is configured to: in response to detecting the first gesture: move the set of selected objects relative to unselected objects that are not included in the set of selected objects (e.g., with the moving unit  7712 ); in accordance with a determination that movement of the set of selected objects includes movement of an object in the group outside of the first region, update the first group indicator to provide an indication of an updated first region of the display that includes all of the objects in the group (e.g., with the updating unit  7720 ); and in accordance with a determination that movement of the set of selected objects includes movement of an object in the sub-group outside of the second region, update the second group indicator to provide an indication of an updated second region of the display that includes all of the objects in the sub-group (e.g., with the updating unit  7720 ). 
     In some embodiments, updating the first group indicator includes displaying an animation of the first group indicator transitioning from indicating the first region to indicating the updated first region. 
     In some embodiments, updating the second group indicator includes displaying an animation of the second group indicator transitioning from indicating the second region to indicating the updated second region. 
     In some embodiments, the first group indicator is updated concurrently with the second group indicator. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  7706  is configured to enable display of a current selection indicator indicating one or more objects that will move in accordance with movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., with the display enabling unit  7718 ). 
     In some embodiments, while the press input has an intensity below the first intensity threshold, the current selection indicator indicates that the group of objects will move in accordance with movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface. The processing unit  7706  is configured to: in response to determining that the press input has exceeded the first intensity threshold, adjust the appearance of the current selection indicator to indicate that the respective object or a sub-group of objects that includes the respective object will move in accordance with movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., with the adjusting unit  7722 ). 
     In some embodiments, adjusting the appearance of the current selection indicator includes displaying an animation of a plurality of resizing handles moving from a first boundary indicating an extent of the group of objects on the display to a second boundary indicating an extent of the respective object or the sub-group of objects on the display. 
     The operations in the information processing methods described above are, optionally implemented by running one or more functional modules in information processing apparatus such as general purpose processors (e.g., as described above with respect to  FIGS. 1A and 3 ) or application specific chips. 
     The operations described above with reference to  FIGS. 10A-10D  are, optionally, implemented by components depicted in  FIGS. 1A-1B  or  FIG. 11 . For example, detection operation  7604  and selection operation  7620  are, optionally, implemented by event sorter  170 , event recognizer  180 , and event handler  190 . Event monitor  171  in event sorter  170  detects a contact on touch-sensitive display  112 , and event dispatcher module  174  delivers the event information to application  136 - 1 . A respective event recognizer  180  of application  136 - 1  compares the event information to respective event definitions  186 , and determines whether a first contact at a first location on the touch-sensitive surface (or whether rotation of the device) corresponds to a predefined event or sub-event, such as selection of an object on a user interface, or rotation of the device from one orientation to another. When a respective predefined event or sub-event is detected, event recognizer  180  activates an event handler  190  associated with the detection of the event or sub-event. Event handler  190  optionally utilizes or calls data updater  176  or object updater  177  to update the application internal state  192 . In some embodiments, event handler  190  accesses a respective GUI updater  178  to update what is displayed by the application. Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in the art how other processes can be implemented based on the components depicted in  FIGS. 1A-1B . 
     Changing a Distance Between a User Interface Objects 
     Many electronic devices have a graphical interface in which user interface objects move closer, or further apart, in response to a user input. Typically the user input includes dragging a user interface object within a user interface in accordance with a user input including movement of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface. This user input will result in the movement of the user interface object relative to other user interface objects in the user interface. The movement distance of the user interface object, however, is difficult to precisely control with the “dragging” input. The embodiments below improve on existing methods by changing a distance between a first and a second user interface object in response to detecting an increase in intensity of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface, while a focus selector is at a location on the display corresponding to the first user interface object. The change in distance between the first and second user interface objects occurs in response to the increase in intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface instead of or in addition to a “dragging” input corresponding to movement of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the change in distance between the first and the second user interface objects occurs based on a magnetic attraction/repulsion, or other simulated physical property. This method improves the speed and efficiency of rearranging user interface objects in a user interface. 
       FIGS. 12A-12I  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for changing a distance between user interface objects in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in  FIGS. 13A-13C .  FIGS. 12A-12I  include intensity diagrams that show the current intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface relative to a plurality of intensity thresholds including IT 0 , IT L , IT D  and IT 1 . In some embodiments, operations similar to those described below with reference to IT D  are performed with reference to a different intensity threshold (e.g., “IT L ”). 
     In some embodiments, the device is an electronic device with a separate display (e.g., display  450 ) and a separate touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive surface  451 ). In some embodiments, the device is portable multifunction device  100 , the display is touch-sensitive display system  112 , and the touch-sensitive surface includes tactile output generators  167  on the display ( FIG. 1A ). For convenience of explanation, the embodiments described with reference to  FIGS. 12A-12I and 13A-13C  will be discussed with reference to display  450  and a separate touch-sensitive surface  451 ; however, analogous operations are, optionally, performed on a device with a touch-sensitive display system  112  in response to detecting the contacts described in  FIGS. 12A-12I  on the touch-sensitive display system  112  while displaying the user interfaces shown in  FIGS. 12A-12I  on the touch-sensitive display system  112 ; in such embodiments, the focus selector is, optionally: a respective contact, a representative point corresponding to a contact (e.g., a centroid of a respective contact or a point associated with a respective contact), or a centroid of two or more contacts detected on the touch-sensitive display system  112 , in place of cursor  15006 . 
       FIG. 12A  illustrates a user interface  15000  with a plurality of user interface objects  15002  on the display  450 , including a first user interface object  15002 - 1 , a second user interface object  15002 - 2  and a third user interface object  15002 - 3 .  FIG. 12A  further illustrates a contact  15004  detected on touch-sensitive surface  451  and a displayed representation of a focus selector (e.g., cursor  15006 ) corresponding to contact  15004  at a location on the display corresponding to the first user interface object  15002 - 1 . In this example, the intensity of the contact  15004  is between IT L  and IT D  (e.g., an intensity associated with repositioning user interface objects in response to dragging inputs, sometimes called a light press intensity level). 
       FIGS. 12A-12C  illustrate a sequence in which the distance between the first user interface object and the second user interface object changes by an amount based on the intensity of the contact. In this example, the intensity of the contact  15004  increases from the intensity of the contact  15004  in  FIG. 12A  to a level above IT D  and below IT 1  in  FIG. 12B , and then to a level above IT 1  in  FIG. 12C . In response, to detecting the increase in intensity of contact  15004 , the device moves the second user interface object  15001 - 2  away from the first user interface user  15001 - 1  in  FIGS. 12B and 12C . Additionally, the intensity of contact  15004  in  FIG. 12C  (e.g., above IT 1 ) is higher than the intensity of contact  15004  in  FIG. 12B  (e.g., below IT 1 ) and thus user interface object  15002 - 2  is moved farther in  FIG. 12C  (e.g., from location  15002 - 2 - a  in  FIG. 12A  to location  15002 - 2 - c  in  FIG. 12C ) than in  FIG. 12B  (e.g., from location  15002 - 2 - a  in  FIG. 12A  to location  15002 - 2 - b  in  FIG. 12B ). 
       FIGS. 12A and 12B  illustrate a sequence in which changing the distance between the first user interface object and the second user interface object includes moving the second user interface object away from the first user interface object on the display while maintaining the first user interface object at a respective location on the display. In this example, the second user interface object  15002 - 2  moves away from the first user interface object  15002 - 1  (e.g., from location  15002 - 2 - a  in  FIG. 12A  to location  15002 - 2 - b  in  FIG. 12B ) in response to an increase in the intensity of the contact  15004  (e.g., from a level below IT D  in  FIG. 12A  to a level above IT D  in  FIG. 12B ). Furthermore, in this exemplary sequence, the first user interface object  15002 - 1  maintains its position at a respective location (e.g., location  15002 - 1 - a ) on the display  450 . 
       FIGS. 12A and 12D  illustrate a sequence in which changing the distance between the first user interface object and the second user interface object includes moving the second user interface object toward the first user interface object on the display while maintaining the first user interface object at a respective location on the display. In this example, the second user interface object  15002 - 2  moves towards the first user interface object  15002 - 1  (e.g., from location  15002 - 2 - a  in  FIG. 12A  to location  15002 - 2 - d  in  FIG. 12D ) in response to an increase in the intensity of the contact  15004  (e.g., from a level below IT D  in  FIG. 12A  to a level above IT D  in  FIG. 12D ). Furthermore, in this exemplary sequence, the first user interface object  15002 - 1  maintains its position at a respective location (e.g., location  15002 - 1 - a ) on the display  450 . 
       FIGS. 12A and 12E  illustrate a sequence in which changing the distance between the first user interface object and the second user interface object includes moving the first user interface object away from the second user interface object on the display while maintaining the second user interface object at a respective location on the display. In this example, the first user interface object  15002 - 1  moves away from the second user interface object  15002 - 2  (e.g., from location  15002 - 1 - a  in  FIG. 12A  to location  15002 - 1 - b  in  FIG. 12E ) in response to an increase in the intensity of the contact  15004  (e.g., from a level below IT D  in  FIG. 12A  to a level above IT D  in  FIG. 12E ). Furthermore, in this exemplary sequence, the second user interface object  15002 - 2  maintains its position at a respective location (e.g., location  15002 - 2 - a ) on the display  450 . 
       FIGS. 12A and 12F  illustrate a sequence in which changing the distance between the first user interface object and the second user interface object includes moving the first user interface object toward the second user interface object on the display while maintaining the second user interface object at a respective location on the display. In this example, the first user interface object  15002 - 1  moves towards the second user interface object  15002 - 2  (e.g., from location  15002 - 1 - a  in  FIG. 12A  to location  15002 - 1 - c  in  FIG. 12F ) in response to an increase in the intensity of contact the  15004  (e.g., from a level below IT D  in  FIG. 12A  to a level above IT D  in  FIG. 12F ). Furthermore, in this exemplary sequence, the second user interface object  15002 - 2  maintains its position at a respective location (e.g., location  15002 - 2 - a ) on the display  450 . 
       FIGS. 12A and 12G  illustrate a sequence in which a distance between the first user interface object and a third user interface object changes in accordance with an intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In this example, the second user interface object  15002 - 2  and the third user interface object  15002 - 3  move towards the first user interface object  15002 - 1  (e.g., the second interface object  15002 - 2  moved from location  15002 - 2 - a  in  FIG. 12A  to location  15002 - 2 - e  in  FIG. 12G , and the third interface object  15002 - 3  moved from location  15002 - 3 - a  in  FIG. 12A  to location  15002 - 3 - b  in  FIG. 12G ) in accordance with the intensity of the contact  15004  (e.g., an increase in the intensity of the contact  15004  from a level below IT D  in  FIG. 12A  to a level above IT D  in  FIG. 12G ) on the touch-sensitive surface  451 . Furthermore, in this exemplary sequence, the first user interface object  15002 - 1  maintains its position at a respective location (e.g., location  15002 - 1 - a ) on the display  450 . 
       FIGS. 12A and 12H-12I  illustrate a sequence in which changing the distance between the first user interface object and the second user interface object includes: in accordance with a determination that the intensity of the contact is in a first (e.g., higher) range of intensity values, increase the distance between the first user interface object and the second user interface object; and in accordance with a determination that the intensity of the contact is in a second (e.g., lower) range of intensity values different from the first range of intensity values, decrease the distance between the first user interface object and the second user interface object.  FIGS. 12A and 12H , for example, show decreasing the distance between the second user interface object  15002 - 2  and the first user interface object  15002 - 1  (e.g., the second user interface  15002 - 2  object moved from location  15002 - 2 - a  in  FIG. 12A  to location  15002 - 2 - f  in  FIG. 12H ) in accordance with the determination that the intensity of the contact  15004  is in the second (e.g., lower) range of intensity values (e.g., at a level between IT D  and IT 1  in  FIG. 12H ). Then, for example,  FIGS. 12H-12I  show increasing the distance between the second user interface object  15002 - 2  and the first user interface object  15002 - 1  (e.g., the second user interface object  15002 - 2  moved from location  15001 - 2 - f  in  FIG. 12H  to location  15001 - 2 - g  in  FIG. 12I ) in accordance with the determination that the intensity of the contact  15004  is in the first (e.g., higher) range of intensity values (e.g., at a level above IT 1  in  FIG. 12I ). 
       FIGS. 13A-13C  are flow diagrams illustrating a method  15100  of changing a distance between user interface objects in accordance with some embodiments. The method  15100  is performed at an electronic device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG. 3 , or portable multifunction device  100 ,  FIG. 1A ) with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is a touch screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method  15100  are, optionally, combined and/or the order of some operations is, optionally, changed. 
     As described below, the method  15100  provides an intuitive way to change a distance between user interface objects. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when changing a distance between user interface objects, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to change a distance between user interface objects faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     The device displays ( 15102 ) a plurality of user interface objects on the display, where the plurality of user interface objects include a first user interface object and a second user interface object.  FIG. 12A , for example, shows user interface  15000  displayed on display  450 . Furthermore,  FIG. 12A , for example, shows user interface objects  15002  on the display  450 , including first user interface object  15002 - 1 , second user interface object  15002 - 2  and third user interface object  15002 - 3 . 
     While a focus selector (e.g., cursor  15006  when the touch-sensitive surface  451  is separate from display  450  or contact  15004  when the touch-sensitive surface is part of or coincident with the display) is at a location on the display corresponding to the first user interface object, the device detects ( 15104 ) a gesture that includes an increase in intensity of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface.  FIG. 12A , for example, shows a cursor  15006  at a location on the display  450  corresponding to the first user interface object  15002 - 1 .  FIGS. 12A-12B , for example, show a sequence in which the gesture includes an increase in intensity of the contact  15004  on the touch-sensitive surface  451  (e.g., from a level below IT D  in  FIG. 12A , to a level above IT D  in  FIG. 12B ). 
     In some embodiments, the gesture is ( 15106 ) a stationary gesture (e.g., a stationary press input) that does not include lateral movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface.  FIGS. 12A-12I , for example, show plurality of a sequences which do not include lateral movement of the contact  15004  on the touch-sensitive surface  451 , as described in greater detail above with reference to  FIGS. 12A-12I . 
     In response to detecting ( 15108 ) the gesture, the device changes ( 15110 ) a distance between the first user interface object and the second user interface object in accordance with an intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface.  FIGS. 12A-12B , for example, show a sequence in which the distance between the first user interface object  15002 - 1  and the second user interface object  15002 - 2  increases in accordance with the intensity of the contact  15004  on the touch-sensitive surface  451  (e.g., the intensity of the contact  15004  increases from a level below IT D  in  FIG. 12A  to a level above IT D  in  FIG. 12B ). 
     In some embodiments, the distance between the first user interface object and the second user interface object changes ( 15112 ) at a rate based on the intensity of the contact (e.g., different rates of movement of the second user interface object are associated with corresponding contact intensity values of a plurality of different contact intensity values detectable by the device). For example, the distance between the first user interface object  15002 - 1  and the second user interface object  15002 - 2  changes at a faster rate in the sequence from  FIG. 12A to 12C , than in the sequence from  FIG. 12A to 12B  based on the intensity of contact  15004  (e.g., the intensity of contact  15004  is above IT 1  in  FIG. 12C , and, in contrast, the intensity of contact  15004  is below IT 1  in  FIG. 12B ). 
     In some embodiments, the distance between the first user interface object and the second user interface object changes ( 15114 ) by an amount based on the intensity of the contact (e.g., different amounts/distances of movement of the second user interface object on the display are associated with corresponding contact intensity values of a plurality of different contact intensity values detectable by the device). For example, the distance between the first user interface object  15002 - 1  and the second user interface object  15002 - 2  changes by a first distance corresponding to the intensity of contact  15004  in  FIG. 12B  and changes by a second distance corresponding to the intensity of contact in  FIG. 12C , where the second distance is longer than the first distance. Thus, in the example illustrated in  FIGS. 12A-12C , the second user interface object  15002 - 2  has moved farther from the first user interface object  15002 - 1  in  FIG. 12C  when the contact  15004  had an intensity above IT 1 , than it moved in  FIG. 12B  when the contact had an intensity below IT 1 . 
     In some embodiments, the distance between the first user interface object and the second user interface object changes ( 15116 ) based at least in part on a current distance between the first user interface object and the second user interface object. For example, the attract/repel speed of the user interface objects is based on the distance between the objects, so that, in some situations when the intensity of the contact is maintained at a same level, as objects get further away from the first user interface object, the objects slow down; whereas if the objects get closer to the first user interface object, the objects speed up. 
     In some embodiments, changing the distance between the first user interface object and the second user interface object includes moving ( 15118 ) the second user interface object away from the first user interface object on the display while maintaining the first user interface object at a respective location on the display (e.g., the first user interface object is stationary).  FIGS. 12A-12B , for example, show a sequence in which the second user interface object  15002 - 2  moves away from the first user interface object  15002 - 1  on the display  450  while the first user interface object  15002 - 1  is stationary. 
     In some embodiments, changing the distance between the first user interface object and the second user interface object includes moving ( 15120 ) the second user interface object toward the first user interface object on the display while maintaining the first user interface object at a respective location on the display (e.g., the first user interface object is stationary).  FIGS. 12A and 12D , for example, show a sequence in which the second user interface object  15002 - 2  moves toward the first user interface object  15002 - 1  on the display  450  while the first user interface object  15002 - 1  is stationary. 
     In some embodiments, changing the distance between the first user interface object and the second user interface object includes moving ( 15122 ) the first user interface object away from the second user interface object on the display while maintaining the second user interface object at a respective location on the display (e.g., the second user interface object is stationary).  FIGS. 12A and 12E , for example, show a sequence in which the first user interface object  15002 - 1  moves away from the second user interface object  15002 - 2  on the display  450  while the second user interface object  15002 - 2  is stationary. 
     In some embodiments, changing the distance between the first user interface object and the second user interface object includes moving ( 15124 ) the first user interface object toward the second user interface object on the display while maintaining the second user interface object at a respective location on the display (e.g., the second user interface object is stationary).  FIGS. 12A and 12F , for example, show a sequence in which the first user interface object  15002 - 1  moves toward the second user interface object  15002 - 2  on the display  450  while the second user interface object  15002 - 2  is stationary. 
     In some embodiments, changing the distance between the first user interface object and the second user interface object includes: mapping ( 15126 ) intensity values of the contact to values of a simulated physical property; and changing the distance between the first user interface object and the second user interface object in accordance with the values of the simulated physical property corresponding to the intensity values of the contact. In some embodiments, the simulated physical property is magnetic/electrostatic attraction/repulsion or gravitational attraction, where intensity is mapped to a simulated “magnetic moment,” “size of charge” or “mass” of the first user interface object and the second user interface object also has a simulated “magnetic moment,” “size of charge” or “mass.” In some embodiments, the first user interface object and the second user interface object interact in accordance with equations corresponding to the simulated physical property (e.g., for gravitational attraction, the force between two user interface objects would change inversely with the square of the distance between the two user interface objects). 
     In some embodiments, changing the distance between the first user interface object and the second user interface object includes: in accordance with a determination that the intensity of the contact is in a first range of intensity values, (e.g., between a first intensity threshold and a second intensity threshold) increasing ( 15128 ) the distance between the first user interface object and the second user interface object; and in accordance with a determination that the intensity of the contact is in a second range of intensity values (e.g., between a third intensity threshold and a fourth intensity threshold) different from the first range of intensity values, decreasing the distance between the first user interface object and the second user interface object. In some embodiments, the first range of intensity values is higher than the second range of intensity values (e.g., all of the values in the first range of intensity values are higher than the highest value in the second range of intensity values). In some embodiments, the first range of intensity values is lower than the second range of intensity values (e.g., all of the values in the first range of intensity values are lower than the lowest value in the second range of intensity values). In some embodiments an amount of attraction/repulsion between the first user interface object and the second user interface object changes in the first/second range of intensity values based on a current intensity of the contact. 
     As one example, a user can press down while a focus selector (e.g., cursor  15006 ) is over a respective user interface object at a first intensity to attract other user interface objects to the respective user interface object; however, the user can also press harder to repel other user interface objects from the respective user interface object.  FIGS. 12A and 12H , for example, show a sequence in which the distance between the first user interface object  15002 - 1  and the second (e.g., lower) user interface object  15002 - 2  decreases (e.g., the second user interface object is attracted to the first user interface object) in accordance with the determination that the intensity of the contact  15004  is in the second range of intensity values (e.g., at a level between IT D  and IT 1 ).  FIGS. 12H and 12I , for example, then show a sequence in which the distance between the first user interface object  15002 - 1  and the second user interface object  15002 - 2  increases (e.g., the second user interface object is repelled from the first user interface object) in accordance with the determination that the intensity of the contact  15004  is in the first (e.g., higher) range of intensity values (e.g., at a level above IT 1 ). 
     In some embodiments, in response to detecting the gesture, the device changes ( 15130 ) a distance between the first user interface object and a third user interface object in accordance with the intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the device attracts or repels a plurality of user interface objects (e.g., all objects within a predefined radius, or the two closest objects) from the first user interface object in accordance with the intensity of the contact.  FIGS. 12A and 12G , for example, show a sequence in which the distance between the first user interface object  15002 - 1  and the third user interface object  15002 - 3  decreases in accordance with the intensity of the contact  15004  on the touch-sensitive surface  451  (e.g., the intensity of contact  15004  increases from a level below IT D  in  FIG. 12A  to a level above IT D  in  FIG. 12G ). In some embodiments, more than two objects are attracted or repelled from the respective object associated with the focus selector. In some embodiments objects that are different distances from the respective object associated with the focus selector move at different rates or by different amounts in accordance with the intensity of the contact (e.g., objects closer to the respective object move farther and/or more quickly than objects farther away from the respective object). 
     It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in  FIGS. 13A-13C  have been described is merely exemplary and is not intended to indicate that the described order is the only order in which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to reorder the operations described herein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processes described herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g., those listed in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments) are also applicable in an analogous manner to method  15100  described above with respect to FIGS.  13 A- 13 C. For example, the contacts, gestures, user interface objects, intensity thresholds, and focus selectors described above with reference to method  15100  optionally have one or more of the characteristics of the contacts, gestures, user interface objects, intensity thresholds, and focus selectors described herein with reference to other methods described herein (e.g., those listed in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments). For brevity, these details are not repeated here. 
     In accordance with some embodiments,  FIG. 14  shows a functional block diagram of an electronic device  15200  configured in accordance with the principles of the various described embodiments. The functional blocks of the device are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of the various described embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill in the art that the functional blocks described in  FIG. 14  are, optionally, combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of the various described embodiments. Therefore, the description herein optionally supports any possible combination or separation or further definition of the functional blocks described herein. 
     As shown in  FIG. 14 , an electronic device  15200  includes a display unit  15202  configured to display a plurality of user interface objects on the display, where the plurality of user interface objects include a first user interface object and a second user interface object, a touch-sensitive surface unit  15204  configured to receive contacts, one or more sensor units  15206  configured to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit  15204 ; and a processing unit  15208  coupled to the display unit  15202 , the touch-sensitive surface unit  15204  and the one or more sensor units  15206 . In some embodiments, the processing unit  15208  includes a detecting unit  15210 , a changing unit  15212 , a mapping unit  15214  and a determining unit  15216 . 
     The processing unit  15208  is configured to: while a focus selector is at a location on the display corresponding to the first user interface object, detect (e.g., with the detecting unit  15210 ) a gesture that includes an increase in intensity of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit  15204 ; and in response to detecting the gesture, change (e.g., with the changing unit  15212 ) a distance between the first user interface object and the second user interface object in accordance with an intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit  15204 . 
     In some embodiments, the gesture is a stationary gesture that does not include lateral movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit  15204 . 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  15208  is configured to change (e.g., with the changing unit  15212 ) the distance between the first user interface object and the second user interface object by moving the second user interface object away from the first user interface object on the display while maintaining the first user interface object at a respective location on the display unit  15202 . 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  15208  is configured to change (e.g., with the changing unit  15212 ) the distance between the first user interface object and the second user interface object by moving the second user interface object toward the first user interface object on the display while maintaining the first user interface object at a respective location on the display unit  15202 . 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  15208  is configured to change (e.g., with the changing unit  15212 ) the distance between the first user interface object and the second user interface object by moving the first user interface object away from the second user interface object on the display while maintaining the second user interface object at a respective location on the display unit  15202 . 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  15208  is configured to change (e.g., with the changing unit  15212 ) the distance between the first user interface object and the second user interface object by moving the first user interface object toward the second user interface object on the display while maintaining the second user interface object at a respective location on the display unit  15202 . 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  15208  is configured to change (e.g., with the changing unit  15212 ) the distance between the first user interface object and the second user interface object at a rate based on the intensity of the contact. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  15208  is configured to change (e.g., with the changing unit  15212 ) the distance between the first user interface object and the second user interface object by an amount based on the intensity of the contact. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  15208  is configured to change (e.g., with the changing unit  15212 ) the distance between the first user interface object and the second user interface object by: mapping (e.g., with the mapping unit  15214 ) intensity values of the contact to values of a simulated physical property; and changing (e.g., with the changing unit  15212 ) the distance between the first user interface object and the second user interface object in accordance with the values of the simulated physical property corresponding to the intensity values of the contact. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  15208  is configured to change (e.g., with the changing unit  15212 ) a distance between the first user interface object and a third user interface object in accordance with the intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit  15204  in response to detecting (e.g., with the detecting unit  15210 ) the gesture. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  15208  is configured to change (e.g., with the changing unit  15212 ) the distance between the first user interface object and the second user interface object by: in accordance with a determination (e.g., made by the determining unit  15216 ) that the intensity of the contact is in a first range of intensity values, increasing (e.g., with the changing unit  15212 ) the distance between the first user interface object and the second user interface object; and in accordance with a determination (e.g., made by the determining unit  15216 ) that the intensity of the contact is in a second range of intensity different from the first range of intensity values, decreasing (e.g., with the changing unit  15212 ) the distance between the first user interface object and the second user interface object. 
     The operations in the information processing methods described above are, optionally implemented by running one or more functional modules in information processing apparatus such as general purpose processors (e.g., as described above with respect to  FIGS. 1A and 3 ) or application specific chips. 
     The operations described above with reference to  FIGS. 13A-13C and 152  are, optionally, implemented by components depicted in  FIGS. 1A-1B  or  FIG. 14 . For example, displaying operation  15102 , detecting operation  15108 , changing operations  15118 - 15124 , mapping operation  15126 , and determining operation  15128  are, optionally, implemented by event sorter  170 , event recognizer  180 , and event handler  190 . Event monitor  171  in event sorter  170  detects a contact on touch-sensitive display  112 , and event dispatcher module  174  delivers the event information to application  136 - 1 . A respective event recognizer  180  of application  136 - 1  compares the event information to respective event definitions  186 , and determines whether a first contact at a first location on the touch-sensitive surface corresponds to a predefined event or sub-event, such as selection of an object on a user interface. When a respective predefined event or sub-event is detected, event recognizer  180  activates an event handler  190  associated with the detection of the event or sub-event. Event handler  190  optionally utilizes or calls data updater  176  or object updater  177  to update the application internal state  192 . In some embodiments, event handler  190  accesses a respective GUI updater  178  to update what is displayed by the application Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in the art how other processes can be implemented based on the components depicted in  FIGS. 1A-1B . 
     It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations have been described above is merely exemplary and is not intended to indicate that the described order is the only order in which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to reorder the operations described herein. Additionally, it should be noted that the various processes separately described herein (e.g., those listed in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments) can be combined with each other in different arrangements. For example, the contacts, user interface objects, tactile sensations, intensity thresholds, and/or focus selectors described above with reference to any one of the various processes separately described herein (e.g., those listed in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments) optionally have one or more of the characteristics of the contacts, gestures, user interface objects, tactile sensations, intensity thresholds, and focus selectors described herein with reference to one or more of the other methods described herein (e.g., those listed in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments). For brevity, all of the various possible combinations are not specifically enumerated here, but it should be understood that the claims described above may be combined in any way that is not precluded by mutually exclusive claim features. 
     The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the various described embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the various described embodiments and their practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the various described embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20141107
Publication Date: 20190108
Grant Date: 20190108
Priority Date: 20120509
Inventors: MISSIG, JULIAN
BROWN, MATTHEW I.
TORCHIN, EVAN
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0481", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0488", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/017", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04842", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0486", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04845", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/03547", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04855", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04847", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0486", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04855", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04847", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04845", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/03547", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04842", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/017", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04842", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0488", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0481", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04855", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/03547", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04845", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04847", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0486", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 48538050