PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-11347943-B2
Application Number: US-202117373272-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Mail application features

Abstract:
The present disclosure generally relates to mail application features. In some embodiments, a contact identifier is selected. In some embodiments, an adaptive toolbar is provided. In some embodiments, document functions are accessed.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An electronic device, comprising:
 a display device; 
 a touch-sensitive surface; 
 one or more processors; and 
 memory storing one or more programs configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for:
 displaying a text field; 
 receiving input of one or more characters; 
 in response to receiving the input of one or more characters:
 displaying the one or more characters in the text field; 
 identifying, based on the one or more characters, one or more entities,
 wherein the one or more entities correspond to respective entries of an address book of the electronic device, 
 wherein a first entity of the one or more entities corresponds to a first entry of the address book, the first entry including a name for the first entity and a plurality of contact identifiers for contacting the first entity using a first contact modality, and 
 wherein the plurality of contact identifiers of the first entry include a first contact identifier for contacting the first entity using the first contact modality and a second contact identifier different from the first contact identifier for contacting the first entity using the first contact modality; and 
 
 displaying, via the display device, results corresponding to at least some of the one or more entities, including a first result for the first entity, wherein display of the first result includes display of the name of the first entity and display of the first contact identifier for contacting the first entity without including display of the second contact identifier for contacting the first entity; 
 
 while displaying the results corresponding to at least some of the one or more entities, including the first result for the first entity, receiving, via the touch-sensitive surface, a first user input; 
 in accordance with a determination that the first user input corresponds to a first portion of the first result, replacing display of the one or more characters in the text field with a representation of the first contact identifier; and 
 in accordance with a determination that the first user input corresponds to a second portion, different from the first portion, of the first result, displaying, on the display device, the plurality of contact identifiers for contacting the first entity using the first contact modality, including the first contact identifier and the second contact identifier. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the one or more programs further include instructions for:
 prior to displaying the first result for the first entity:
 selecting, based on a set of selection criteria, the first contact identifier from among the plurality of contact identifiers to include in the first result, wherein the set of selection criteria includes a first selection criterion that is based on a frequency of use of a respective contact identifier. 
 
 
     
     
       3. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the one or more programs further include instructions for:
 prior to displaying the first result for the first entity:
 selecting, based on a set of selection criteria, the first contact identifier from among the plurality of contact identifiers to include in the first result, wherein the set of selection criteria includes a second selection criterion that is based on content of the respective contact identifier. 
 
 
     
     
       4. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the one or more programs further include instructions for:
 after replacing display of the one or more characters in the text field with a representation of the first contact identifier, detecting a second user input at a location corresponding to the representation of the first contact identifier; and 
 in response to detecting the second user input, displaying a set of contact reselection options, including:
 a first option corresponding to the first contact identifier, and 
 a second option corresponding to the second contact identifier. 
 
 
     
     
       5. The electronic device of  claim 4 , wherein in the set of contact reselection options:
 the first option is emphasized, and 
 the second option is not emphasized. 
 
     
     
       6. The electronic device of  claim 4 , wherein the one or more programs further include instructions for:
 while displaying the set of contact reselection options, detecting a third user input at a location corresponding to the second option corresponding to the second contact identifier; and 
 in response to detecting the third user input, replacing display, on the display device, of the representation of the first contact identifier in the text field with a representation of the second contact identifier. 
 
     
     
       7. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the one or more programs further include instructions for:
 in response to receiving the first user input, ceasing to display, via the display device, the results corresponding to the at least some of the one or more entities. 
 
     
     
       8. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of an electronic device with a display device and a touch-sensitive surface, the one or more programs including instructions for:
 displaying a text field; 
 receiving input of one or more characters; 
 in response to receiving the input of one or more characters:
 displaying the one or more characters in the text field; 
 identifying, based on the one or more characters, one or more entities,
 wherein the one or more entities correspond to respective entries of an address book of the electronic device, 
 wherein a first entity of the one or more entities corresponds to a first entry of the address book, the first entry including a name for the first entity and a plurality of contact identifiers for contacting the first entity using a first contact modality, and 
 wherein the plurality of contact identifiers of the first entry include a first contact identifier for contacting the first entity using the first contact modality and a second contact identifier different from the first contact identifier for contacting the first entity using the first contact modality; and 
 
 displaying, via the display device, results corresponding to at least some of the one or more entities, including a first result for the first entity, wherein display of the first result includes display of the name of the first entity and display of the first contact identifier for contacting the first entity without including display of the second contact identifier for contacting the first entity; 
 
 while displaying the results corresponding to at least some of the one or more entities, including the first result for the first entity, receiving, via the touch-sensitive surface, a first user input; 
 in accordance with a determination that the first user input corresponds to a first portion of the first result, replacing display of the one or more characters in the text field with a representation of the first contact identifier; and 
 in accordance with a determination that the first user input corresponds to a second portion, different from the first portion, of the first result, displaying, on the display device, the plurality of contact identifiers for contacting the first entity using the first contact modality, including the first contact identifier and the second contact identifier. 
 
     
     
       9. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 8 , wherein the one or more programs further include instructions for:
 prior to displaying the first result for the first entity:
 selecting, based on a set of selection criteria, the first contact identifier from among the plurality of contact identifiers to include in the first result, wherein the set of selection criteria includes a first selection criterion that is based on a frequency of use of a respective contact identifier. 
 
 
     
     
       10. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 8 , wherein the one or more programs further include instructions for:
 prior to displaying the first result for the first entity:
 selecting, based on a set of selection criteria, the first contact identifier from among the plurality of contact identifiers to include in the first result, wherein the set of selection criteria includes a second selection criterion that is based on content of the respective contact identifier. 
 
 
     
     
       11. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 8 , wherein the one or more programs further include instructions for:
 after replacing display of the one or more characters in the text field with a representation of the first contact identifier, detecting a second user input at a location corresponding to the representation of the first contact identifier; and 
 in response to detecting the second user input, displaying a set of contact reselection options, including:
 a first option corresponding to the first contact identifier, and 
 a second option corresponding to the second contact identifier. 
 
 
     
     
       12. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 11 , wherein in the set of contact reselection options:
 the first option is emphasized, and 
 the second option is not emphasized. 
 
     
     
       13. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 11 , wherein the one or more programs further include instructions for:
 while displaying the set of contact reselection options, detecting a third user input at a location corresponding to the second option corresponding to the second contact identifier; and 
 in response to detecting the third user input, replacing display, on the display device, of the representation of the first contact identifier in the text field with a representation of the second contact identifier. 
 
     
     
       14. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 8 , wherein the one or more programs further include instructions for:
 in response to receiving the first user input, ceasing to display, via the display device, the results corresponding to the at least some of the one or more entities. 
 
     
     
       15. A method, comprising:
 at an electronic device with a display device and a touch-sensitive surface:
 displaying a text field; 
 receiving input of one or more characters; 
 in response to receiving the input of one or more characters:
 displaying the one or more characters in the text field; 
 identifying, based on the one or more characters, one or more entities,
 wherein the one or more entities correspond to respective entries of an address book of the electronic device, 
 wherein a first entity of the one or more entities corresponds to a first entry of the address book, the first entry including a name for the first entity and a plurality of contact identifiers for contacting the first entity using a first contact modality, and 
 wherein the plurality of contact identifiers of the first entry include a first contact identifier for contacting the first entity using the first contact modality and a second contact identifier different from the first contact identifier for contacting the first entity using the first contact modality; and 
 
 displaying, via the display device, results corresponding to at least some of the one or more entities, including a first result for the first entity, wherein display of the first result includes display of the name of the first entity and display of the first contact identifier for contacting the first entity without including display of the second contact identifier for contacting the first entity; 
 
 while displaying the results corresponding to at least some of the one or more entities, including the first result for the first entity, receiving, via the touch-sensitive surface, a first user input; 
 in accordance with a determination that the first user input corresponds to a first portion of the first result, replacing display of the one or more characters in the text field with a representation of the first contact identifier; and 
 in accordance with a determination that the first user input corresponds to a second portion, different from the first portion, of the first result, displaying, on the display device, the plurality of contact identifiers for contacting the first entity using the first contact modality, including the first contact identifier and the second contact identifier. 
 
 
     
     
       16. The method of  claim 15 , further comprising:
 prior to displaying the first result for the first entity:
 selecting, based on a set of selection criteria, the first contact identifier from among the plurality of contact identifiers to include in the first result, wherein the set of selection criteria includes a first selection criterion that is based on a frequency of use of a respective contact identifier. 
 
 
     
     
       17. The method of  claim 15 , further comprising:
 prior to displaying the first result for the first entity:
 selecting, based on a set of selection criteria, the first contact identifier from among the plurality of contact identifiers to include in the first result, wherein the set of selection criteria includes a second selection criterion that is based on content of the respective contact identifier. 
 
 
     
     
       18. The method of  claim 15 , further comprising:
 after replacing display of the one or more characters in the text field with a representation of the first contact identifier, detecting a second user input at a location corresponding to the representation of the first contact identifier; and 
 in response to detecting the second user input, displaying a set of contact reselection options, including:
 a first option corresponding to the first contact identifier, and 
 a second option corresponding to the second contact identifier. 
 
 
     
     
       19. The method of  claim 18 , wherein in the set of contact reselection options:
 the first option is emphasized, and 
 the second option is not emphasized. 
 
     
     
       20. The method of  claim 18 , further comprising:
 while displaying the set of contact reselection options, detecting a third user input at a location corresponding to the second option corresponding to the second contact identifier; and 
 in response to detecting the third user input, replacing display, on the display device, of the representation of the first contact identifier in the text field with a representation of the second contact identifier. 
 
     
     
       21. The method of  claim 15 , further comprising:
 in response to receiving the first user input, ceasing to display, via the display device, the results corresponding to the at least some of the one or more entities.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/736,711, entitled “Mail Application Features,” and filed on Jan. 7, 2020, which claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 62/856,043, entitled “Mail Application Features,” and filed on Jun. 1, 2019, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates generally to computer user interfaces, and more specifically to techniques for providing mail application features. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Users use email programs to manage email tasks, including drafting new emails, responding to received emails, deleting emails, and flagging important emails. Electronic devices provide mail application features to facilitate these tasks. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY 
     However, some techniques for providing mail application features using electronic devices are generally cumbersome and inefficient. For example, some existing techniques use a complex and time-consuming user interface, which may include multiple key presses or keystrokes. Existing techniques require more time than necessary, wasting user time and device energy. This latter consideration is particularly important in battery-operated devices. 
     Accordingly, the present technique provides electronic devices with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for providing mail application features. Such methods and interfaces optionally complement or replace other methods for providing mail application features. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated computing devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges. 
     Example methods are disclosed herein. An example method includes, at an electronic device with a display device: receiving input of one or more characters; and in response to receiving the input of one or more characters: identifying, based on the one or more characters, one or more entities, wherein the one or more entities correspond to respective entries of an address book of the electronic device, wherein a first entity of the one or more entities corresponds to a first entry of the address book, the first entry including a name for the first entity and a plurality of contact identifiers for contacting the first entity using a first contact modality, and wherein the plurality of contact identifiers of the first entry include a first contact identifier for contacting the first entity using the first contact modality and a second contact identifier different from the first contact identifier for contacting the first entity using the first contact modality; and displaying, via the display device, results corresponding to at least some of the one or more entities, including a first result for the first entity, wherein display of the first result includes display of the name of the first entity and display of the first contact identifier for contacting the first entity without including display of the second contact identifier for contacting the first entity. 
     Example non-transitory computer-readable storage media are described herein. An example non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of an electronic device with a display device, the one or more programs including instructions for: receiving input of one or more characters; and in response to receiving the input of one or more characters: identifying, based on the one or more characters, one or more entities, wherein the one or more entities correspond to respective entries of an address book of the electronic device, wherein a first entity of the one or more entities corresponds to a first entry of the address book, the first entry including a name for the first entity and a plurality of contact identifiers for contacting the first entity using a first contact modality, and wherein the plurality of contact identifiers of the first entry include a first contact identifier for contacting the first entity using the first contact modality and a second contact identifier different from the first contact identifier for contacting the first entity using the first contact modality; and displaying, via the display device, results corresponding to at least some of the one or more entities, including a first result for the first entity, wherein display of the first result includes display of the name of the first entity and display of the first contact identifier for contacting the first entity without including display of the second contact identifier for contacting the first entity. 
     Example transitory computer-readable storage media are described herein. An example transitory computer-readable storage medium stores one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of an electronic device with a display device, the one or more programs including instructions for: receiving input of one or more characters; and in response to receiving the input of one or more characters: identifying, based on the one or more characters, one or more entities, wherein the one or more entities correspond to respective entries of an address book of the electronic device, wherein a first entity of the one or more entities corresponds to a first entry of the address book, the first entry including a name for the first entity and a plurality of contact identifiers for contacting the first entity using a first contact modality, and wherein the plurality of contact identifiers of the first entry include a first contact identifier for contacting the first entity using the first contact modality and a second contact identifier different from the first contact identifier for contacting the first entity using the first contact modality; and displaying, via the display device, results corresponding to at least some of the one or more entities, including a first result for the first entity, wherein display of the first result includes display of the name of the first entity and display of the first contact identifier for contacting the first entity without including display of the second contact identifier for contacting the first entity. 
     Example electronic devices are described herein. An example electronic device includes a display device; one or more processors; and memory storing one or more programs configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for: receiving input of one or more characters; and in response to receiving the input of one or more characters: identifying, based on the one or more characters, one or more entities, wherein the one or more entities correspond to respective entries of an address book of the electronic device, wherein a first entity of the one or more entities corresponds to a first entry of the address book, the first entry including a name for the first entity and a plurality of contact identifiers for contacting the first entity using a first contact modality, and wherein the plurality of contact identifiers of the first entry include a first contact identifier for contacting the first entity using the first contact modality and a second contact identifier different from the first contact identifier for contacting the first entity using the first contact modality; and displaying, via the display device, results corresponding to at least some of the one or more entities, including a first result for the first entity, wherein display of the first result includes display of the name of the first entity and display of the first contact identifier for contacting the first entity without including display of the second contact identifier for contacting the first entity. 
     An example electronic device includes a display device; means for receiving input of one or more characters; and means for, in response to receiving the input of one or more characters: identifying, based on the one or more characters, one or more entities, wherein the one or more entities correspond to respective entries of an address book of the electronic device, wherein a first entity of the one or more entities corresponds to a first entry of the address book, the first entry including a name for the first entity and a plurality of contact identifiers for contacting the first entity using a first contact modality, and wherein the plurality of contact identifiers of the first entry include a first contact identifier for contacting the first entity using the first contact modality and a second contact identifier different from the first contact identifier for contacting the first entity using the first contact modality; and displaying, via the display device, results corresponding to at least some of the one or more entities, including a first result for the first entity, wherein display of the first result includes display of the name of the first entity and display of the first contact identifier for contacting the first entity without including display of the second contact identifier for contacting the first entity. 
     An example method includes, at an electronic device with a display device: concurrently displaying, via the display device: a text input field; and an adaptive toolbar, wherein the adaptive toolbar is configured to transition between a suggestion mode to provide a suggested input term and a function mode to provide a function other than a suggested input term; while displaying the text input field and the adaptive toolbar in the suggestion mode including display of a first suggested input term, receiving input of one or more characters; and in response to receiving the input of one or more characters: entering the one or more characters in the text input field; in accordance with a determination, based on the one or more characters, that a set of one or more suggestion criteria is satisfied: updating the adaptive toolbar to replace display of the first suggested input term with a second suggested input term, wherein the second suggested input term is based on the one or more characters, and wherein the second suggested input term is different from the first suggested input term; and in accordance with a determination, based on the one or more characters entered into the text input field, that a set of one or more function criteria is satisfied: updating the adaptive toolbar to replace display of the first suggested input term with display of a set of functions 
     An example non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of an electronic device with a display device, the one or more programs including instructions for: concurrently displaying, via the display device: a text input field; and an adaptive toolbar, wherein the adaptive toolbar is configured to transition between a suggestion mode to provide a suggested input term and a function mode to provide a function other than a suggested input term; while displaying the text input field and the adaptive toolbar in the suggestion mode including display of a first suggested input term, receiving input of one or more characters; and in response to receiving the input of one or more characters: entering the one or more characters in the text input field; in accordance with a determination, based on the one or more characters, that a set of one or more suggestion criteria is satisfied: updating the adaptive toolbar to replace display of the first suggested input term with a second suggested input term, wherein the second suggested input term is based on the one or more characters, and wherein the second suggested input term is different from the first suggested input term; and in accordance with a determination, based on the one or more characters entered into the text input field, that a set of one or more function criteria is satisfied: updating the adaptive toolbar to replace display of the first suggested input term with display of a set of functions. 
     An example transitory computer-readable storage medium stores one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of an electronic device with a display device, the one or more programs including instructions for: concurrently displaying, via the display device: a text input field; and an adaptive toolbar, wherein the adaptive toolbar is configured to transition between a suggestion mode to provide a suggested input term and a function mode to provide a function other than a suggested input term; while displaying the text input field and the adaptive toolbar in the suggestion mode including display of a first suggested input term, receiving input of one or more characters; and in response to receiving the input of one or more characters: entering the one or more characters in the text input field; in accordance with a determination, based on the one or more characters, that a set of one or more suggestion criteria is satisfied: updating the adaptive toolbar to replace display of the first suggested input term with a second suggested input term, wherein the second suggested input term is based on the one or more characters, and wherein the second suggested input term is different from the first suggested input term; and in accordance with a determination, based on the one or more characters entered into the text input field, that a set of one or more function criteria is satisfied: updating the adaptive toolbar to replace display of the first suggested input term with display of a set of functions 
     An example device includes a display device; one or more processors; and memory storing one or more programs configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for: concurrently displaying, via the display device: a text input field; and an adaptive toolbar, wherein the adaptive toolbar is configured to transition between a suggestion mode to provide a suggested input term and a function mode to provide a function other than a suggested input term; while displaying the text input field and the adaptive toolbar in the suggestion mode including display of a first suggested input term, receiving input of one or more characters; and in response to receiving the input of one or more characters: entering the one or more characters in the text input field; in accordance with a determination, based on the one or more characters, that a set of one or more suggestion criteria is satisfied: updating the adaptive toolbar to replace display of the first suggested input term with a second suggested input term, wherein the second suggested input term is based on the one or more characters, and wherein the second suggested input term is different from the first suggested input term; and in accordance with a determination, based on the one or more characters entered into the text input field, that a set of one or more function criteria is satisfied: updating the adaptive toolbar to replace display of the first suggested input term with display of a set of functions. 
     An example device includes a display device; means for, concurrently displaying, via the display device: a text input field; and an adaptive toolbar, wherein the adaptive toolbar is configured to transition between a suggestion mode to provide a suggested input term and a function mode to provide a function other than a suggested input term; means for, while displaying the text input field and the adaptive toolbar in the suggestion mode including display of a first suggested input term, receiving input of one or more characters; and means for, in response to receiving the input of one or more characters: entering the one or more characters in the text input field; in accordance with a determination, based on the one or more characters, that a set of one or more suggestion criteria is satisfied: updating the adaptive toolbar to replace display of the first suggested input term with a second suggested input term, wherein the second suggested input term is based on the one or more characters, and wherein the second suggested input term is different from the first suggested input term; and in accordance with a determination, based on the one or more characters entered into the text input field, that a set of one or more function criteria is satisfied: updating the adaptive toolbar to replace display of the first suggested input term with display of a set of functions. 
     An example method includes, at an electronic device with a display device: concurrently displaying, on the display device: a first portion of a first content, and a first footer at a first location on the display device, wherein the first footer corresponds to the first content; detecting a scroll input; in response to detecting the scroll input: in accordance with a determination that a set of footer-maintaining criteria is satisfied for the first content, wherein the set of footer-maintaining criteria include a first criterion that is satisfied when a bottom of the first content is not scrolled to above a first threshold location on the display device: scrolling, on the display device, the first content based on a magnitude of the scroll input; and maintaining, at the first location on the display device, the first footer; and in accordance with a determination that the set of footer-maintaining criteria is not satisfied for the first content: scrolling, on the display device, the first content based on the magnitude of the scroll input; and ceasing to display, at the first location on the display device, the first footer. 
     An example non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of an electronic device with a display device, the one or more programs including instructions for: concurrently displaying, on the display device: a first portion of a first content, and a first footer at a first location on the display device, wherein the first footer corresponds to the first content; detecting a scroll input; in response to detecting the scroll input: in accordance with a determination that a set of footer-maintaining criteria is satisfied for the first content, wherein the set of footer-maintaining criteria include a first criterion that is satisfied when a bottom of the first content is not scrolled to above a first threshold location on the display device: scrolling, on the display device, the first content based on a magnitude of the scroll input; and maintaining, at the first location on the display device, the first footer; and in accordance with a determination that the set of footer-maintaining criteria is not satisfied for the first content: scrolling, on the display device, the first content based on the magnitude of the scroll input; and ceasing to display, at the first location on the display device, the first footer. 
     An example transitory computer-readable storage medium stores one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of an electronic device with a display device, the one or more programs including instructions for: concurrently displaying, on the display device: a first portion of a first content, and a first footer at a first location on the display device, wherein the first footer corresponds to the first content; detecting a scroll input; in response to detecting the scroll input: in accordance with a determination that a set of footer-maintaining criteria is satisfied for the first content, wherein the set of footer-maintaining criteria include a first criterion that is satisfied when a bottom of the first content is not scrolled to above a first threshold location on the display device: scrolling, on the display device, the first content based on a magnitude of the scroll input; and maintaining, at the first location on the display device, the first footer; and in accordance with a determination that the set of footer-maintaining criteria is not satisfied for the first content: scrolling, on the display device, the first content based on the magnitude of the scroll input; and ceasing to display, at the first location on the display device, the first footer. 
     An example device includes a display device; one or more processors; and memory storing one or more programs configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for: concurrently displaying, on the display device: a first portion of a first content, and a first footer at a first location on the display device, wherein the first footer corresponds to the first content; detecting a scroll input; in response to detecting the scroll input: in accordance with a determination that a set of footer-maintaining criteria is satisfied for the first content, wherein the set of footer-maintaining criteria include a first criterion that is satisfied when a bottom of the first content is not scrolled to above a first threshold location on the display device: scrolling, on the display device, the first content based on a magnitude of the scroll input; and maintaining, at the first location on the display device, the first footer; and in accordance with a determination that the set of footer-maintaining criteria is not satisfied for the first content: scrolling, on the display device, the first content based on the magnitude of the scroll input; and ceasing to display, at the first location on the display device, the first footer. 
     An example device includes: a display device; means for, concurrently displaying, on the display device: a first portion of a first content, and a first footer at a first location on the display device, wherein the first footer corresponds to the first content; means for detecting a scroll input; means for, in response to detecting the scroll input: in accordance with a determination that a set of footer-maintaining criteria is satisfied for the first content, wherein the set of footer-maintaining criteria include a first criterion that is satisfied when a bottom of the first content is not scrolled to above a first threshold location on the display device: scrolling, on the display device, the first content based on a magnitude of the scroll input; and maintaining, at the first location on the display device, the first footer; and in accordance with a determination that the set of footer-maintaining criteria is not satisfied for the first content: scrolling, on the display device, the first content based on the magnitude of the scroll input; and ceasing to display, at the first location on the display device, the first footer. 
     Executable instructions for performing these functions are, optionally, included in a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors. Executable instructions for performing these functions are, optionally, included in a transitory computer-readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors. 
     Thus, devices are provided with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for providing mail application features, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace other methods for providing mail application features. 
    
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
       For a better understanding of the various described embodiments, reference should be made to the Description of Embodiments below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures. 
         FIG. 1A  is a block diagram illustrating a portable multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 1B  is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a portable multifunction device having a touch screen in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 4A  illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu of applications on a portable multifunction device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 4B  illustrates an exemplary user interface for a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 5A  illustrates a personal electronic device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 5B  is a block diagram illustrating a personal electronic device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 5C-5D  illustrate exemplary components of a personal electronic device having a touch-sensitive display and intensity sensors in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 5E-5H  illustrate exemplary components and user interfaces of a personal electronic device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 6A-6J  illustrate exemplary techniques for selecting a contact identifier, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 7  is a flow diagram illustrating a process for selecting a contact identifier, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 8A-8P  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for providing an adaptive toolbar, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 9A-9B  is a flow diagram illustrating a process for providing an adaptive toolbar, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 10A-10Q  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for accessing document functions, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 11  is a flow diagram illustrating a process for accessing document functions, in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     The following description sets forth exemplary methods, parameters, and the like. It should be recognized, however, that such description is not intended as a limitation on the scope of the present disclosure but is instead provided as a description of exemplary embodiments. 
     There is a need for electronic devices that provide efficient methods and interfaces for providing mail application features. Such techniques can reduce the cognitive burden on a user who accesses such features, thereby enhancing productivity. Further, such techniques can reduce processor and battery power otherwise wasted on redundant user inputs. 
     Below,  FIGS. 1A-1B, 2, 3, 4A-4B, and 5A-5H  provide a description of exemplary devices for performing the techniques for managing event notifications.  FIGS. 6A-6J  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for selecting a contact identifier.  FIG. 7  is a flow diagram illustrating methods of selecting a contact identifier in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in  FIGS. 6A-6J  are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in  FIG. 7 .  FIGS. 8A-8P  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for providing an adaptive toolbar.  FIGS. 9A-9B  is a flow diagram illustrating methods of providing an adaptive toolbar in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in  FIGS. 8A-8P  are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in  FIGS. 9A-9B .  FIGS. 10A-10Q  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for accessing document functions.  FIG. 11  is a flow diagram illustrating methods of accessing document functions in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in  FIGS. 10A-10Q  are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in  FIG. 11 . 
     Although the following description uses terms “first,” “second,” etc. to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by the terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first touch could be termed a second touch, and, similarly, a second touch could be termed a first touch, without departing from the scope of the various described embodiments. The first touch and the second touch are both touches, but they are not the same touch. 
     The terminology used in the description of the various described embodiments herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various described embodiments and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     The term “if” is, optionally, construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” is, optionally, construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event],” depending on the context. 
     Embodiments of electronic devices, user interfaces for such devices, and associated processes for using such devices are described. In some embodiments, the device is a portable communications device, such as a mobile telephone, that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/or music player functions. Exemplary embodiments of portable multifunction devices include, without limitation, the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. Other portable electronic devices, such as laptops or tablet computers with touch-sensitive surfaces (e.g., touch screen displays and/or touchpads), are, optionally, used. It should also be understood that, in some embodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but is a desktop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch screen display and/or a touchpad). 
     In the discussion that follows, an electronic device that includes a display and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should be understood, however, that the electronic device optionally includes one or more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physical keyboard, a mouse, and/or a joystick. 
     The device typically supports a variety of applications, such as one or more of the following: a drawing application, a presentation application, a word processing application, a website creation application, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheet application, a gaming application, a telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, a workout support application, a photo management application, a digital camera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing application, a digital music player application, and/or a digital video player application. 
     The various applications that are executed on the device optionally use at least one common physical user-interface device, such as the touch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitive surface as well as corresponding information displayed on the device are, optionally, adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physical architecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the device optionally supports the variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and transparent to the user. 
     Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable devices with touch-sensitive displays.  FIG. 1A  is a block diagram illustrating portable multifunction device  100  with touch-sensitive display system  112  in accordance with some embodiments. Touch-sensitive display  112  is sometimes called a “touch screen” for convenience and is sometimes known as or called a “touch-sensitive display system.” Device  100  includes memory  102  (which optionally includes one or more computer-readable storage mediums), memory controller  122 , one or more processing units (CPUs)  120 , peripherals interface  118 , RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , input/output (I/O) subsystem  106 , other input control devices  116 , and external port  124 . Device  100  optionally includes one or more optical sensors  164 . Device  100  optionally includes one or more contact intensity sensors  165  for detecting intensity of contacts on device  100  (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive display system  112  of device  100 ). Device  100  optionally includes one or more tactile output generators  167  for generating tactile outputs on device  100  (e.g., generating tactile outputs on a touch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive display system  112  of device  100  or touchpad  355  of device  300 ). These components optionally communicate over one or more communication buses or signal lines  103 . 
     As used in the specification and claims, the term “intensity” of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface refers to the force or pressure (force per unit area) of a contact (e.g., a finger contact) on the touch-sensitive surface, or to a substitute (proxy) for the force or pressure of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface. The intensity of a contact has a range of values that includes at least four distinct values and more typically includes hundreds of distinct values (e.g., at least 256). Intensity of a contact is, optionally, determined (or measured) using various approaches and various sensors or combinations of sensors. For example, one or more force sensors underneath or adjacent to the touch-sensitive surface are, optionally, used to measure force at various points on the touch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, force measurements from multiple force sensors are combined (e.g., a weighted average) to determine an estimated force of a contact. Similarly, a pressure-sensitive tip of a stylus is, optionally, used to determine a pressure of the stylus on the touch-sensitive surface. Alternatively, the size of the contact area detected on the touch-sensitive surface and/or changes thereto, the capacitance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto, and/or the resistance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto are, optionally, used as a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are used directly to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is described in units corresponding to the substitute measurements). In some implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are converted to an estimated force or pressure, and the estimated force or pressure is used to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is a pressure threshold measured in units of pressure). Using the intensity of a contact as an attribute of a user input allows for user access to additional device functionality that may otherwise not be accessible by the user on a reduced-size device with limited real estate for displaying affordances (e.g., on a touch-sensitive display) and/or receiving user input (e.g., via a touch-sensitive display, a touch-sensitive surface, or a physical/mechanical control such as a knob or a button). 
     As used in the specification and claims, the term “tactile output” refers to physical displacement of a device relative to a previous position of the device, physical displacement of a component (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface) of a device relative to another component (e.g., housing) of the device, or displacement of the component relative to a center of mass of the device that will be detected by a user with the user&#39;s sense of touch. For example, in situations where the device or the component of the device is in contact with a surface of a user that is sensitive to touch (e.g., a finger, palm, or other part of a user&#39;s hand), the tactile output generated by the physical displacement will be interpreted by the user as a tactile sensation corresponding to a perceived change in physical characteristics of the device or the component of the device. For example, movement of a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch-sensitive display or trackpad) is, optionally, interpreted by the user as a “down click” or “up click” of a physical actuator button. In some cases, a user will feel a tactile sensation such as an “down click” or “up click” even when there is no movement of a physical actuator button associated with the touch-sensitive surface that is physically pressed (e.g., displaced) by the user&#39;s movements. As another example, movement of the touch-sensitive surface is, optionally, interpreted or sensed by the user as “roughness” of the touch-sensitive surface, even when there is no change in smoothness of the touch-sensitive surface. While such interpretations of touch by a user will be subject to the individualized sensory perceptions of the user, there are many sensory perceptions of touch that are common to a large majority of users. Thus, when a tactile output is described as corresponding to a particular sensory perception of a user (e.g., an “up click,” a “down click,” “roughness”), unless otherwise stated, the generated tactile output corresponds to physical displacement of the device or a component thereof that will generate the described sensory perception for a typical (or average) user. 
     It should be appreciated that device  100  is only one example of a portable multifunction device, and that device  100  optionally has more or fewer components than shown, optionally combines two or more components, or optionally has a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown in  FIG. 1A  are implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both hardware and software, including one or more signal processing and/or application-specific integrated circuits. 
     Memory  102  optionally includes high-speed random access memory and optionally also includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Memory controller  122  optionally controls access to memory  102  by other components of device  100 . 
     Peripherals interface  118  can be used to couple input and output peripherals of the device to CPU  120  and memory  102 . The one or more processors  120  run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in memory  102  to perform various functions for device  100  and to process data. In some embodiments, peripherals interface  118 , CPU  120 , and memory controller  122  are, optionally, implemented on a single chip, such as chip  104 . In some other embodiments, they are, optionally, implemented on separate chips. 
     RF (radio frequency) circuitry  108  receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  108  converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  108  optionally includes well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RF circuitry  108  optionally communicates with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The RF circuitry  108  optionally includes well-known circuitry for detecting near field communication (NFC) fields, such as by a short-range communication radio. The wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols, and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), Evolution, Data-Only (EV-DO), HSPA, HSPA+, Dual-Cell HSPA (DC-HSPDA), long term evolution (LTE), near field communication (NFC), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy (BTLE), Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11n, and/or IEEE 802.11ac), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document. 
     Audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , and microphone  113  provide an audio interface between a user and device  100 . Audio circuitry  110  receives audio data from peripherals interface  118 , converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to speaker  111 . Speaker  111  converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves. Audio circuitry  110  also receives electrical signals converted by microphone  113  from sound waves. Audio circuitry  110  converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to peripherals interface  118  for processing. Audio data is, optionally, retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory  102  and/or RF circuitry  108  by peripherals interface  118 . In some embodiments, audio circuitry  110  also includes a headset jack (e.g.,  212 ,  FIG. 2 ). The headset jack provides an interface between audio circuitry  110  and removable audio input/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headset with both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input (e.g., a microphone). 
     I/O subsystem  106  couples input/output peripherals on device  100 , such as touch screen  112  and other input control devices  116 , to peripherals interface  118 . I/O subsystem  106  optionally includes display controller  156 , optical sensor controller  158 , depth camera controller  169 , intensity sensor controller  159 , haptic feedback controller  161 , and one or more input controllers  160  for other input or control devices. The one or more input controllers  160  receive/send electrical signals from/to other input control devices  116 . The other input control devices  116  optionally include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s)  160  are, optionally, coupled to any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, an infrared port, a USB port, and a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g.,  208 ,  FIG. 2 ) optionally include an up/down button for volume control of speaker  111  and/or microphone  113 . The one or more buttons optionally include a push button (e.g.,  206 ,  FIG. 2 ). 
     A quick press of the push button optionally disengages a lock of touch screen  112  or optionally begins a process that uses gestures on the touch screen to unlock the device, as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/322,549, “Unlocking a Device by Performing Gestures on an Unlock Image,” filed Dec. 23, 2005, U.S. Pat. No. 7,657,849, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. A longer press of the push button (e.g.,  206 ) optionally turns power to device  100  on or off. The functionality of one or more of the buttons are, optionally, user-customizable. Touch screen  112  is used to implement virtual or soft buttons and one or more soft keyboards. 
     Touch-sensitive display  112  provides an input interface and an output interface between the device and a user. Display controller  156  receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to touch screen  112 . Touch screen  112  displays visual output to the user. The visual output optionally includes graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all of the visual output optionally corresponds to user-interface objects. 
     Touch screen  112  has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor, or set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact. Touch screen  112  and display controller  156  (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory  102 ) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on touch screen  112  and convert the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages, or images) that are displayed on touch screen  112 . In an exemplary embodiment, a point of contact between touch screen  112  and the user corresponds to a finger of the user. 
     Touch screen  112  optionally uses LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED (light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologies are used in other embodiments. Touch screen  112  and display controller  156  optionally detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of a plurality of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with touch screen  112 . In an exemplary embodiment, projected mutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in the iPhone® and iPod Touch® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. 
     A touch-sensitive display in some embodiments of touch screen  112  is, optionally, analogous to the multi-touch sensitive touchpads described in the following U.S. Pat. No. 6,323,846 (Westerman et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 6,570,557 (Westerman et al.), and/or U.S. Pat. No. 6,677,932 (Westerman), and/or U.S. Patent Publication 2002/0015024A1, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. However, touch screen  112  displays visual output from device  100 , whereas touch-sensitive touchpads do not provide visual output. 
     A touch-sensitive display in some embodiments of touch screen  112  is described in the following applications: (1) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/381,313, “Multipoint Touch Surface Controller,” filed May 2, 2006; (2) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/840,862, “Multipoint Touchscreen,” filed May 6, 2004; (3) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/903,964, “Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jul. 30, 2004; (4) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/048,264, “Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jan. 31, 2005; (5) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/038,590, “Mode-Based Graphical User Interfaces For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jan. 18, 2005; (6) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,758, “Virtual Input Device Placement On A Touch Screen User Interface,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; (7) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,700, “Operation Of A Computer With A Touch Screen Interface,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; (8) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,737, “Activating Virtual Keys Of A Touch-Screen Virtual Keyboard,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; and (9) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/367,749, “Multi-Functional Hand-Held Device,” filed Mar. 3, 2006. All of these applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. 
     Touch screen  112  optionally has a video resolution in excess of 100 dpi. In some embodiments, the touch screen has a video resolution of approximately 160 dpi. The user optionally makes contact with touch screen  112  using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to work primarily with finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired by the user. 
     In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, device  100  optionally includes a touchpad for activating or deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output. The touchpad is, optionally, a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from touch screen  112  or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen. 
     Device  100  also includes power system  162  for powering the various components. Power system  162  optionally includes a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices. 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more optical sensors  164 .  FIG. 1A  shows an optical sensor coupled to optical sensor controller  158  in I/O subsystem  106 . Optical sensor  164  optionally includes charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistors. Optical sensor  164  receives light from the environment, projected through one or more lenses, and converts the light to data representing an image. In conjunction with imaging module  143  (also called a camera module), optical sensor  164  optionally captures still images or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch screen display  112  on the front of the device so that the touch screen display is enabled for use as a viewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the front of the device so that the user&#39;s image is, optionally, obtained for video conferencing while the user views the other video conference participants on the touch screen display. In some embodiments, the position of optical sensor  164  can be changed by the user (e.g., by rotating the lens and the sensor in the device housing) so that a single optical sensor  164  is used along with the touch screen display for both video conferencing and still and/or video image acquisition. 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more depth camera sensors  175 .  FIG. 1A  shows a depth camera sensor coupled to depth camera controller  169  in I/O subsystem  106 . Depth camera sensor  175  receives data from the environment to create a three dimensional model of an object (e.g., a face) within a scene from a viewpoint (e.g., a depth camera sensor). In some embodiments, in conjunction with imaging module  143  (also called a camera module), depth camera sensor  175  is optionally used to determine a depth map of different portions of an image captured by the imaging module  143 . In some embodiments, a depth camera sensor is located on the front of device  100  so that the user&#39;s image with depth information is, optionally, obtained for video conferencing while the user views the other video conference participants on the touch screen display and to capture selfies with depth map data. In some embodiments, the depth camera sensor  175  is located on the back of device, or on the back and the front of the device  100 . In some embodiments, the position of depth camera sensor  175  can be changed by the user (e.g., by rotating the lens and the sensor in the device housing) so that a depth camera sensor  175  is used along with the touch screen display for both video conferencing and still and/or video image acquisition. 
     In some embodiments, a depth map (e.g., depth map image) contains information (e.g., values) that relates to the distance of objects in a scene from a viewpoint (e.g., a camera, an optical sensor, a depth camera sensor). In one embodiment of a depth map, each depth pixel defines the position in the viewpoint&#39;s Z-axis where its corresponding two-dimensional pixel is located. In some embodiments, a depth map is composed of pixels wherein each pixel is defined by a value (e.g., 0-255). For example, the “0” value represents pixels that are located at the most distant place in a “three dimensional” scene and the “255” value represents pixels that are located closest to a viewpoint (e.g., a camera, an optical sensor, a depth camera sensor) in the “three dimensional” scene. In other embodiments, a depth map represents the distance between an object in a scene and the plane of the viewpoint. In some embodiments, the depth map includes information about the relative depth of various features of an object of interest in view of the depth camera (e.g., the relative depth of eyes, nose, mouth, ears of a user&#39;s face). In some embodiments, the depth map includes information that enables the device to determine contours of the object of interest in a z direction. 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more contact intensity sensors  165 .  FIG. 1A  shows a contact intensity sensor coupled to intensity sensor controller  159  in I/O subsystem  106 . Contact intensity sensor  165  optionally includes one or more piezoresistive strain gauges, capacitive force sensors, electric force sensors, piezoelectric force sensors, optical force sensors, capacitive touch-sensitive surfaces, or other intensity sensors (e.g., sensors used to measure the force (or pressure) of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface). Contact intensity sensor  165  receives contact intensity information (e.g., pressure information or a proxy for pressure information) from the environment. In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112 ). In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch screen display  112 , which is located on the front of device  100 . 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more proximity sensors  166 .  FIG. 1A  shows proximity sensor  166  coupled to peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, proximity sensor  166  is, optionally, coupled to input controller  160  in I/O subsystem  106 . Proximity sensor  166  optionally performs as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/241,839, “Proximity Detector In Handheld Device”; Ser. No. 11/240,788, “Proximity Detector In Handheld Device”; Ser. No. 11/620,702, “Using Ambient Light Sensor To Augment Proximity Sensor Output”; Ser. No. 11/586,862, “Automated Response To And Sensing Of User Activity In Portable Devices”; and Ser. No. 11/638,251, “Methods And Systems For Automatic Configuration Of Peripherals,” which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. In some embodiments, the proximity sensor turns off and disables touch screen  112  when the multifunction device is placed near the user&#39;s ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call). 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more tactile output generators  167 .  FIG. 1A  shows a tactile output generator coupled to haptic feedback controller  161  in I/O subsystem  106 . Tactile output generator  167  optionally includes one or more electroacoustic devices such as speakers or other audio components and/or electromechanical devices that convert energy into linear motion such as a motor, solenoid, electroactive polymer, piezoelectric actuator, electrostatic actuator, or other tactile output generating component (e.g., a component that converts electrical signals into tactile outputs on the device). Contact intensity sensor  165  receives tactile feedback generation instructions from haptic feedback module  133  and generates tactile outputs on device  100  that are capable of being sensed by a user of device  100 . In some embodiments, at least one tactile output generator is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112 ) and, optionally, generates a tactile output by moving the touch-sensitive surface vertically (e.g., in/out of a surface of device  100 ) or laterally (e.g., back and forth in the same plane as a surface of device  100 ). In some embodiments, at least one tactile output generator sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch screen display  112 , which is located on the front of device  100 . 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more accelerometers  168 .  FIG. 1A  shows accelerometer  168  coupled to peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, accelerometer  168  is, optionally, coupled to an input controller  160  in I/O subsystem  106 . Accelerometer  168  optionally performs as described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 20050190059, “Acceleration-based Theft Detection System for Portable Electronic Devices,” and U.S. Patent Publication No. 20060017692, “Methods And Apparatuses For Operating A Portable Device Based On An Accelerometer,” both of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. In some embodiments, information is displayed on the touch screen display in a portrait view or a landscape view based on an analysis of data received from the one or more accelerometers. Device  100  optionally includes, in addition to accelerometer(s)  168 , a magnetometer and a GPS (or GLONASS or other global navigation system) receiver for obtaining information concerning the location and orientation (e.g., portrait or landscape) of device  100 . 
     In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory  102  include operating system  126 , communication module (or set of instructions)  128 , contact/motion module (or set of instructions)  130 , graphics module (or set of instructions)  132 , text input module (or set of instructions)  134 , Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set of instructions)  135 , and applications (or sets of instructions)  136 . Furthermore, in some embodiments, memory  102  ( FIG. 1A ) or  370  ( FIG. 3 ) stores device/global internal state  157 , as shown in  FIGS. 1A and 3 . Device/global internal state  157  includes one or more of: active application state, indicating which applications, if any, are currently active; display state, indicating what applications, views or other information occupy various regions of touch screen display  112 ; sensor state, including information obtained from the device&#39;s various sensors and input control devices  116 ; and location information concerning the device&#39;s location and/or attitude. 
     Operating system  126  (e.g., Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, iOS, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components. 
     Communication module  128  facilitates communication with other devices over one or more external ports  124  and also includes various software components for handling data received by RF circuitry  108  and/or external port  124 . External port  124  (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with, the 30-pin connector used on iPod® (trademark of Apple Inc.) devices. 
     Contact/motion module  130  optionally detects contact with touch screen  112  (in conjunction with display controller  156 ) and other touch-sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). Contact/motion module  130  includes various software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact, such as determining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-down event), determining an intensity of the contact (e.g., the force or pressure of the contact or a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact), determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact). Contact/motion module  130  receives contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which is represented by a series of contact data, optionally includes determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. These operations are, optionally, applied to single contacts (e.g., one finger contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g., “multitouch”/multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments, contact/motion module  130  and display controller  156  detect contact on a touchpad. 
     In some embodiments, contact/motion module  130  uses a set of one or more intensity thresholds to determine whether an operation has been performed by a user (e.g., to determine whether a user has “clicked” on an icon). In some embodiments, at least a subset of the intensity thresholds are determined in accordance with software parameters (e.g., the intensity thresholds are not determined by the activation thresholds of particular physical actuators and can be adjusted without changing the physical hardware of device  100 ). For example, a mouse “click” threshold of a trackpad or touch screen display can be set to any of a large range of predefined threshold values without changing the trackpad or touch screen display hardware. Additionally, in some implementations, a user of the device is provided with software settings for adjusting one or more of the set of intensity thresholds (e.g., by adjusting individual intensity thresholds and/or by adjusting a plurality of intensity thresholds at once with a system-level click “intensity” parameter). 
     Contact/motion module  130  optionally detects a gesture input by a user. Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contact patterns (e.g., different motions, timings, and/or intensities of detected contacts). Thus, a gesture is, optionally, detected by detecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a finger tap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting a finger-up (liftoff) event at the same position (or substantially the same position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequently followed by detecting a finger-up (liftoff) event. 
     Graphics module  132  includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics on touch screen  112  or other display, including components for changing the visual impact (e.g., brightness, transparency, saturation, contrast, or other visual property) of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics” includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including, without limitation, text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations, and the like. 
     In some embodiments, graphics module  132  stores data representing graphics to be used. Each graphic is, optionally, assigned a corresponding code. Graphics module  132  receives, from applications etc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with, if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and then generates screen image data to output to display controller  156 . 
     Haptic feedback module  133  includes various software components for generating instructions used by tactile output generator(s)  167  to produce tactile outputs at one or more locations on device  100  in response to user interactions with device  100 . 
     Text input module  134 , which is, optionally, a component of graphics module  132 , provides soft keyboards for entering text in various applications (e.g., contacts  137 , e-mail  140 , IM  141 , browser  147 , and any other application that needs text input). 
     GPS module  135  determines the location of the device and provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone  138  for use in location-based dialing; to camera  143  as picture/video metadata; and to applications that provide location-based services such as weather widgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets). 
     Applications  136  optionally include the following modules (or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof:
         Contacts module  137  (sometimes called an address book or contact list);   Telephone module  138 ;   Video conference module  139 ;   E-mail client module  140 ;   Instant messaging (IM) module  141 ;   Workout support module  142 ;   Camera module  143  for still and/or video images;   Image management module  144 ;   Video player module;   Music player module;   Browser module  147 ;   Calendar module  148 ;   Widget modules  149 , which optionally include one or more of: weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  149 - 3 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , dictionary widget  149 - 5 , and other widgets obtained by the user, as well as user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   Widget creator module  150  for making user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   Search module  151 ;   Video and music player module  152 , which merges video player module and music player module;   Notes module  153 ;   Map module  154 ; and/or   Online video module  155 .       

     Examples of other applications  136  that are, optionally, stored in memory  102  include other word processing applications, other image editing applications, drawing applications, presentation applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice replication. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , contacts module  137  are, optionally, used to manage an address book or contact list (e.g., stored in application internal state  192  of contacts module  137  in memory  102  or memory  370 ), including: adding name(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book; associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or other information with a name; associating an image with a name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers or e-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications by telephone  138 , video conference module  139 , e-mail  140 , or IM  141 ; and so forth. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , telephone module  138  are optionally, used to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers in contacts module  137 , modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation, and disconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As noted above, the wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols, and technologies. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , contacts module  137 , and telephone module  138 , video conference module  139  includes executable instructions to initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user and one or more other participants in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140  includes executable instructions to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response to user instructions. In conjunction with image management module  144 , e-mail client module  140  makes it very easy to create and send e-mails with still or video images taken with camera module  143 . 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the instant messaging module  141  includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to an instant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit a respective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service (SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-based instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS for Internet-based instant messages), to receive instant messages, and to view received instant messages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or received instant messages optionally include graphics, photos, audio files, video files and/or other attachments as are supported in an MMS and/or an Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging” refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , map module  154 , and music player module, workout support module  142  includes executable instructions to create workouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burning goals); communicate with workout sensors (sports devices); receive workout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout; select and play music for a workout; and display, store, and transmit workout data. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor(s)  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , and image management module  144 , camera module  143  includes executable instructions to capture still images or video (including a video stream) and store them into memory  102 , modify characteristics of a still image or video, or delete a still image or video from memory  102 . 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and camera module  143 , image management module  144  includes executable instructions to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/or video images. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , browser module  147  includes executable instructions to browse the Internet in accordance with user instructions, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portions thereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , calendar module  148  includes executable instructions to create, display, modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendar entries, to-do lists, etc.) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , widget modules  149  are mini-applications that are, optionally, downloaded and used by a user (e.g., weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  149 - 3 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , and dictionary widget  149 - 5 ) or created by the user (e.g., user-created widget  149 - 6 ). In some embodiments, a widget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In some embodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , the widget creator module  150  are, optionally, used by a user to create widgets (e.g., turning a user-specified portion of a web page into a widget). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , search module  151  includes executable instructions to search for text, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory  102  that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , and browser module  147 , video and music player module  152  includes executable instructions that allow the user to download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, and executable instructions to display, present, or otherwise play back videos (e.g., on touch screen  112  or on an external, connected display via external port  124 ). In some embodiments, device  100  optionally includes the functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , notes module  153  includes executable instructions to create and manage notes, to-do lists, and the like in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , and browser module  147 , map module  154  are, optionally, used to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data associated with maps (e.g., driving directions, data on stores and other points of interest at or near a particular location, and other location-based data) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , online video module  155  includes instructions that allow the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen or on an external, connected display via external port  124 ), send an e-mail with a link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats, such as H.264. In some embodiments, instant messaging module  141 , rather than e-mail client module  140 , is used to send a link to a particular online video. Additional description of the online video application can be found in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/936,562, “Portable Multifunction Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Playing Online Videos,” filed Jun. 20, 2007, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/968,067, “Portable Multifunction Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Playing Online Videos,” filed Dec. 31, 2007, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
     Each of the above-identified modules and applications corresponds to a set of executable instructions for performing one or more functions described above and the methods described in this application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods described herein). These modules (e.g., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures, or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise rearranged in various embodiments. For example, video player module is, optionally, combined with music player module into a single module (e.g., video and music player module  152 ,  FIG. 1A ). In some embodiments, memory  102  optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  102  optionally stores additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     In some embodiments, device  100  is a device where operation of a predefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/or a touchpad as the primary input control device for operation of device  100 , the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) on device  100  is, optionally, reduced. 
     The predefined set of functions that are performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad optionally include navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by the user, navigates device  100  to a main, home, or root menu from any user interface that is displayed on device  100 . In such embodiments, a “menu button” is implemented using a touchpad. In some other embodiments, the menu button is a physical push button or other physical input control device instead of a touchpad. 
       FIG. 1B  is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  102  ( FIG. 1A ) or  370  ( FIG. 3 ) includes event sorter  170  (e.g., in operating system  126 ) and a respective application  136 - 1  (e.g., any of the aforementioned applications  137 - 151 ,  155 ,  380 - 390 ). 
     Event sorter  170  receives event information and determines the application  136 - 1  and application view  191  of application  136 - 1  to which to deliver the event information. Event sorter  170  includes event monitor  171  and event dispatcher module  174 . In some embodiments, application  136 - 1  includes application internal state  192 , which indicates the current application view(s) displayed on touch-sensitive display  112  when the application is active or executing. In some embodiments, device/global internal state  157  is used by event sorter  170  to determine which application(s) is (are) currently active, and application internal state  192  is used by event sorter  170  to determine application views  191  to which to deliver event information. 
     In some embodiments, application internal state  192  includes additional information, such as one or more of: resume information to be used when application  136 - 1  resumes execution, user interface state information that indicates information being displayed or that is ready for display by application  136 - 1 , a state queue for enabling the user to go back to a prior state or view of application  136 - 1 , and a redo/undo queue of previous actions taken by the user. 
     Event monitor  171  receives event information from peripherals interface  118 . Event information includes information about a sub-event (e.g., a user touch on touch-sensitive display  112 , as part of a multi-touch gesture). Peripherals interface  118  transmits information it receives from I/O subsystem  106  or a sensor, such as proximity sensor  166 , accelerometer(s)  168 , and/or microphone  113  (through audio circuitry  110 ). Information that peripherals interface  118  receives from I/O subsystem  106  includes information from touch-sensitive display  112  or a touch-sensitive surface. 
     In some embodiments, event monitor  171  sends requests to the peripherals interface  118  at predetermined intervals. In response, peripherals interface  118  transmits event information. In other embodiments, peripherals interface  118  transmits event information only when there is a significant event (e.g., receiving an input above a predetermined noise threshold and/or for more than a predetermined duration). 
     In some embodiments, event sorter  170  also includes a hit view determination module  172  and/or an active event recognizer determination module  173 . 
     Hit view determination module  172  provides software procedures for determining where a sub-event has taken place within one or more views when touch-sensitive display  112  displays more than one view. Views are made up of controls and other elements that a user can see on the display. 
     Another aspect of the user interface associated with an application is a set of views, sometimes herein called application views or user interface windows, in which information is displayed and touch-based gestures occur. The application views (of a respective application) in which a touch is detected optionally correspond to programmatic levels within a programmatic or view hierarchy of the application. For example, the lowest level view in which a touch is detected is, optionally, called the hit view, and the set of events that are recognized as proper inputs are, optionally, determined based, at least in part, on the hit view of the initial touch that begins a touch-based gesture. 
     Hit view determination module  172  receives information related to sub-events of a touch-based gesture. When an application has multiple views organized in a hierarchy, hit view determination module  172  identifies a hit view as the lowest view in the hierarchy which should handle the sub-event. In most circumstances, the hit view is the lowest level view in which an initiating sub-event occurs (e.g., the first sub-event in the sequence of sub-events that form an event or potential event). Once the hit view is identified by the hit view determination module  172 , the hit view typically receives all sub-events related to the same touch or input source for which it was identified as the hit view. 
     Active event recognizer determination module  173  determines which view or views within a view hierarchy should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In some embodiments, active event recognizer determination module  173  determines that only the hit view should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, active event recognizer determination module  173  determines that all views that include the physical location of a sub-event are actively involved views, and therefore determines that all actively involved views should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, even if touch sub-events were entirely confined to the area associated with one particular view, views higher in the hierarchy would still remain as actively involved views. 
     Event dispatcher module  174  dispatches the event information to an event recognizer (e.g., event recognizer  180 ). In embodiments including active event recognizer determination module  173 , event dispatcher module  174  delivers the event information to an event recognizer determined by active event recognizer determination module  173 . In some embodiments, event dispatcher module  174  stores in an event queue the event information, which is retrieved by a respective event receiver  182 . 
     In some embodiments, operating system  126  includes event sorter  170 . Alternatively, application  136 - 1  includes event sorter  170 . In yet other embodiments, event sorter  170  is a stand-alone module, or a part of another module stored in memory  102 , such as contact/motion module  130 . 
     In some embodiments, application  136 - 1  includes a plurality of event handlers  190  and one or more application views  191 , each of which includes instructions for handling touch events that occur within a respective view of the application&#39;s user interface. Each application view  191  of the application  136 - 1  includes one or more event recognizers  180 . Typically, a respective application view  191  includes a plurality of event recognizers  180 . In other embodiments, one or more of event recognizers  180  are part of a separate module, such as a user interface kit or a higher level object from which application  136 - 1  inherits methods and other properties. In some embodiments, a respective event handler  190  includes one or more of: data updater  176 , object updater  177 , GUI updater  178 , and/or event data  179  received from event sorter  170 . Event handler  190  optionally utilizes or calls data updater  176 , object updater  177 , or GUI updater  178  to update the application internal state  192 . Alternatively, one or more of the application views  191  include one or more respective event handlers  190 . Also, in some embodiments, one or more of data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178  are included in a respective application view  191 . 
     A respective event recognizer  180  receives event information (e.g., event data  179 ) from event sorter  170  and identifies an event from the event information. Event recognizer  180  includes event receiver  182  and event comparator  184 . In some embodiments, event recognizer  180  also includes at least a subset of: metadata  183 , and event delivery instructions  188  (which optionally include sub-event delivery instructions). 
     Event receiver  182  receives event information from event sorter  170 . The event information includes information about a sub-event, for example, a touch or a touch movement. Depending on the sub-event, the event information also includes additional information, such as location of the sub-event. When the sub-event concerns motion of a touch, the event information optionally also includes speed and direction of the sub-event. In some embodiments, events include rotation of the device from one orientation to another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to a landscape orientation, or vice versa), and the event information includes corresponding information about the current orientation (also called device attitude) of the device. 
     Event comparator  184  compares the event information to predefined event or sub-event definitions and, based on the comparison, determines an event or sub-event, or determines or updates the state of an event or sub-event. In some embodiments, event comparator  184  includes event definitions  186 . Event definitions  186  contain definitions of events (e.g., predefined sequences of sub-events), for example, event 1 ( 187 - 1 ), event 2 ( 187 - 2 ), and others. In some embodiments, sub-events in an event ( 187 ) include, for example, touch begin, touch end, touch movement, touch cancellation, and multiple touching. In one example, the definition for event 1 ( 187 - 1 ) is a double tap on a displayed object. The double tap, for example, comprises a first touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a first liftoff (touch end) for a predetermined phase, a second touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, and a second liftoff (touch end) for a predetermined phase. In another example, the definition for event 2 ( 187 - 2 ) is a dragging on a displayed object. The dragging, for example, comprises a touch (or contact) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a movement of the touch across touch-sensitive display  112 , and liftoff of the touch (touch end). In some embodiments, the event also includes information for one or more associated event handlers  190 . 
     In some embodiments, event definition  187  includes a definition of an event for a respective user-interface object. In some embodiments, event comparator  184  performs a hit test to determine which user-interface object is associated with a sub-event. For example, in an application view in which three user-interface objects are displayed on touch-sensitive display  112 , when a touch is detected on touch-sensitive display  112 , event comparator  184  performs a hit test to determine which of the three user-interface objects is associated with the touch (sub-event). If each displayed object is associated with a respective event handler  190 , the event comparator uses the result of the hit test to determine which event handler  190  should be activated. For example, event comparator  184  selects an event handler associated with the sub-event and the object triggering the hit test. 
     In some embodiments, the definition for a respective event ( 187 ) also includes delayed actions that delay delivery of the event information until after it has been determined whether the sequence of sub-events does or does not correspond to the event recognizer&#39;s event type. 
     When a respective event recognizer  180  determines that the series of sub-events do not match any of the events in event definitions  186 , the respective event recognizer  180  enters an event impossible, event failed, or event ended state, after which it disregards subsequent sub-events of the touch-based gesture. In this situation, other event recognizers, if any, that remain active for the hit view continue to track and process sub-events of an ongoing touch-based gesture. 
     In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  includes metadata  183  with configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how the event delivery system should perform sub-event delivery to actively involved event recognizers. In some embodiments, metadata  183  includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how event recognizers interact, or are enabled to interact, with one another. In some embodiments, metadata  183  includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate whether sub-events are delivered to varying levels in the view or programmatic hierarchy. 
     In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  activates event handler  190  associated with an event when one or more particular sub-events of an event are recognized. In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  delivers event information associated with the event to event handler  190 . Activating an event handler  190  is distinct from sending (and deferred sending) sub-events to a respective hit view. In some embodiments, event recognizer  180  throws a flag associated with the recognized event, and event handler  190  associated with the flag catches the flag and performs a predefined process. 
     In some embodiments, event delivery instructions  188  include sub-event delivery instructions that deliver event information about a sub-event without activating an event handler. Instead, the sub-event delivery instructions deliver event information to event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or to actively involved views. Event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or with actively involved views receive the event information and perform a predetermined process. 
     In some embodiments, data updater  176  creates and updates data used in application  136 - 1 . For example, data updater  176  updates the telephone number used in contacts module  137 , or stores a video file used in video player module. In some embodiments, object updater  177  creates and updates objects used in application  136 - 1 . For example, object updater  177  creates a new user-interface object or updates the position of a user-interface object. GUI updater  178  updates the GUI. For example, GUI updater  178  prepares display information and sends it to graphics module  132  for display on a touch-sensitive display. 
     In some embodiments, event handler(s)  190  includes or has access to data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178 . In some embodiments, data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178  are included in a single module of a respective application  136 - 1  or application view  191 . In other embodiments, they are included in two or more software modules. 
     It shall be understood that the foregoing discussion regarding event handling of user touches on touch-sensitive displays also applies to other forms of user inputs to operate multifunction devices  100  with input devices, not all of which are initiated on touch screens. For example, mouse movement and mouse button presses, optionally coordinated with single or multiple keyboard presses or holds; contact movements such as taps, drags, scrolls, etc. on touchpads; pen stylus inputs; movement of the device; oral instructions; detected eye movements; biometric inputs; and/or any combination thereof are optionally utilized as inputs corresponding to sub-events which define an event to be recognized. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a portable multifunction device  100  having a touch screen  112  in accordance with some embodiments. The touch screen optionally displays one or more graphics within user interface (UI)  200 . In this embodiment, as well as others described below, a user is enabled to select one or more of the graphics by making a gesture on the graphics, for example, with one or more fingers  202  (not drawn to scale in the figure) or one or more styluses  203  (not drawn to scale in the figure). In some embodiments, selection of one or more graphics occurs when the user breaks contact with the one or more graphics. In some embodiments, the gesture optionally includes one or more taps, one or more swipes (from left to right, right to left, upward and/or downward), and/or a rolling of a finger (from right to left, left to right, upward and/or downward) that has made contact with device  100 . In some implementations or circumstances, inadvertent contact with a graphic does not select the graphic. For example, a swipe gesture that sweeps over an application icon optionally does not select the corresponding application when the gesture corresponding to selection is a tap. 
     Device  100  optionally also include one or more physical buttons, such as “home” or menu button  204 . As described previously, menu button  204  is, optionally, used to navigate to any application  136  in a set of applications that are, optionally, executed on device  100 . Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as a soft key in a GUI displayed on touch screen  112 . 
     In some embodiments, device  100  includes touch screen  112 , menu button  204 , push button  206  for powering the device on/off and locking the device, volume adjustment button(s)  208 , subscriber identity module (SIM) card slot  210 , headset jack  212 , and docking/charging external port  124 . Push button  206  is, optionally, used to turn the power on/off on the device by depressing the button and holding the button in the depressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by depressing the button and releasing the button before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an unlock process. In an alternative embodiment, device  100  also accepts verbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions through microphone  113 . Device  100  also, optionally, includes one or more contact intensity sensors  165  for detecting intensity of contacts on touch screen  112  and/or one or more tactile output generators  167  for generating tactile outputs for a user of device  100 . 
       FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. Device  300  need not be portable. In some embodiments, device  300  is a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a tablet computer, a multimedia player device, a navigation device, an educational device (such as a child&#39;s learning toy), a gaming system, or a control device (e.g., a home or industrial controller). Device  300  typically includes one or more processing units (CPUs)  310 , one or more network or other communications interfaces  360 , memory  370 , and one or more communication buses  320  for interconnecting these components. Communication buses  320  optionally include circuitry (sometimes called a chipset) that interconnects and controls communications between system components. Device  300  includes input/output (I/O) interface  330  comprising display  340 , which is typically a touch screen display. I/O interface  330  also optionally includes a keyboard and/or mouse (or other pointing device)  350  and touchpad  355 , tactile output generator  357  for generating tactile outputs on device  300  (e.g., similar to tactile output generator(s)  167  described above with reference to  FIG. 1A ), sensors  359  (e.g., optical, acceleration, proximity, touch-sensitive, and/or contact intensity sensors similar to contact intensity sensor(s)  165  described above with reference to  FIG. 1A ). Memory  370  includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM, or other random access solid state memory devices; and optionally includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory  370  optionally includes one or more storage devices remotely located from CPU(s)  310 . In some embodiments, memory  370  stores programs, modules, and data structures analogous to the programs, modules, and data structures stored in memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100  ( FIG. 1A ), or a subset thereof. Furthermore, memory  370  optionally stores additional programs, modules, and data structures not present in memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100 . For example, memory  370  of device  300  optionally stores drawing module  380 , presentation module  382 , word processing module  384 , website creation module  386 , disk authoring module  388 , and/or spreadsheet module  390 , while memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100  ( FIG. 1A ) optionally does not store these modules. 
     Each of the above-identified elements in  FIG. 3  is, optionally, stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices. Each of the above-identified modules corresponds to a set of instructions for performing a function described above. The above-identified modules or programs (e.g., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures, or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise rearranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  370  optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  370  optionally stores additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces that are, optionally, implemented on, for example, portable multifunction device  100 . 
       FIG. 4A  illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu of applications on portable multifunction device  100  in accordance with some embodiments. Similar user interfaces are, optionally, implemented on device  300 . In some embodiments, user interface  400  includes the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:
         Signal strength indicator(s)  402  for wireless communication(s), such as cellular and Wi-Fi signals;   Time  404 ;   Bluetooth indicator  405 ;   Battery status indicator  406 ;   Tray  408  with icons for frequently used applications, such as:
           Icon  416  for telephone module  138 , labeled “Phone,” which optionally includes an indicator  414  of the number of missed calls or voicemail messages;   Icon  418  for e-mail client module  140 , labeled “Mail,” which optionally includes an indicator  410  of the number of unread e-mails;   Icon  420  for browser module  147 , labeled “Browser;” and   Icon  422  for video and music player module  152 , also referred to as iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) module  152 , labeled “iPod;” and   Icons for other applications, such as:   Icon  424  for IM module  141 , labeled “Messages;”   Icon  426  for calendar module  148 , labeled “Calendar;”   Icon  428  for image management module  144 , labeled “Photos;”   Icon  430  for camera module  143 , labeled “Camera;”   Icon  432  for online video module  155 , labeled “Online Video;”   Icon  434  for stocks widget  149 - 2 , labeled “Stocks;”   Icon  436  for map module  154 , labeled “Maps;”   Icon  438  for weather widget  149 - 1 , labeled “Weather;”   Icon  440  for alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , labeled “Clock;”   Icon  442  for workout support module  142 , labeled “Workout Support;”   Icon  444  for notes module  153 , labeled “Notes;” and   Icon  446  for a settings application or module, labeled “Settings,” which provides access to settings for device  100  and its various applications  136 .   
               

     It should be noted that the icon labels illustrated in  FIG. 4A  are merely exemplary. For example, icon  422  for video and music player module  152  is labeled “Music” or “Music Player.” Other labels are, optionally, used for various application icons. In some embodiments, a label for a respective application icon includes a name of an application corresponding to the respective application icon. In some embodiments, a label for a particular application icon is distinct from a name of an application corresponding to the particular application icon. 
       FIG. 4B  illustrates an exemplary user interface on a device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG. 3 ) with a touch-sensitive surface  451  (e.g., a tablet or touchpad  355 ,  FIG. 3 ) that is separate from the display  450  (e.g., touch screen display  112 ). Device  300  also, optionally, includes one or more contact intensity sensors (e.g., one or more of sensors  359 ) for detecting intensity of contacts on touch-sensitive surface  451  and/or one or more tactile output generators  357  for generating tactile outputs for a user of device  300 . 
     Although some of the examples that follow will be given with reference to inputs on touch screen display  112  (where the touch-sensitive surface and the display are combined), in some embodiments, the device detects inputs on a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display, as shown in  FIG. 4B . In some embodiments, the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,  451  in  FIG. 4B ) has a primary axis (e.g.,  452  in  FIG. 4B ) that corresponds to a primary axis (e.g.,  453  in  FIG. 4B ) on the display (e.g.,  450 ). In accordance with these embodiments, the device detects contacts (e.g.,  460  and  462  in  FIG. 4B ) with the touch-sensitive surface  451  at locations that correspond to respective locations on the display (e.g., in  FIG. 4B, 460  corresponds to  468  and  462  corresponds to  470 ). In this way, user inputs (e.g., contacts  460  and  462 , and movements thereof) detected by the device on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,  451  in  FIG. 4B ) are used by the device to manipulate the user interface on the display (e.g.,  450  in  FIG. 4B ) of the multifunction device when the touch-sensitive surface is separate from the display. It should be understood that similar methods are, optionally, used for other user interfaces described herein. 
     Additionally, while the following examples are given primarily with reference to finger inputs (e.g., finger contacts, finger tap gestures, finger swipe gestures), it should be understood that, in some embodiments, one or more of the finger inputs are replaced with input from another input device (e.g., a mouse-based input or stylus input). For example, a swipe gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click (e.g., instead of a contact) followed by movement of the cursor along the path of the swipe (e.g., instead of movement of the contact). As another example, a tap gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click while the cursor is located over the location of the tap gesture (e.g., instead of detection of the contact followed by ceasing to detect the contact). Similarly, when multiple user inputs are simultaneously detected, it should be understood that multiple computer mice are, optionally, used simultaneously, or a mouse and finger contacts are, optionally, used simultaneously. 
       FIG. 5A  illustrates exemplary personal electronic device  500 . Device  500  includes body  502 . In some embodiments, device  500  can include some or all of the features described with respect to devices  100  and  300  (e.g.,  FIGS. 1A-4B ). In some embodiments, device  500  has touch-sensitive display screen  504 , hereafter touch screen  504 . Alternatively, or in addition to touch screen  504 , device  500  has a display and a touch-sensitive surface. As with devices  100  and  300 , in some embodiments, touch screen  504  (or the touch-sensitive surface) optionally includes one or more intensity sensors for detecting intensity of contacts (e.g., touches) being applied. The one or more intensity sensors of touch screen  504  (or the touch-sensitive surface) can provide output data that represents the intensity of touches. The user interface of device  500  can respond to touches based on their intensity, meaning that touches of different intensities can invoke different user interface operations on device  500 . 
     Exemplary techniques for detecting and processing touch intensity are found, for example, in related applications: International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2013/040061, titled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Displaying User Interface Objects Corresponding to an Application,” filed May 8, 2013, published as WIPO Publication No. WO/2013/169849, and International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2013/069483, titled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Transitioning Between Touch Input to Display Output Relationships,” filed Nov. 11, 2013, published as WIPO Publication No. WO/2014/105276, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
     In some embodiments, device  500  has one or more input mechanisms  506  and  508 . Input mechanisms  506  and  508 , if included, can be physical. Examples of physical input mechanisms include push buttons and rotatable mechanisms. In some embodiments, device  500  has one or more attachment mechanisms. Such attachment mechanisms, if included, can permit attachment of device  500  with, for example, hats, eyewear, earrings, necklaces, shirts, jackets, bracelets, watch straps, chains, trousers, belts, shoes, purses, backpacks, and so forth. These attachment mechanisms permit device  500  to be worn by a user. 
       FIG. 5B  depicts exemplary personal electronic device  500 . In some embodiments, device  500  can include some or all of the components described with respect to  FIGS. 1A, 1B , and  3 . Device  500  has bus  512  that operatively couples I/O section  514  with one or more computer processors  516  and memory  518 . I/O section  514  can be connected to display  504 , which can have touch-sensitive component  522  and, optionally, intensity sensor  524  (e.g., contact intensity sensor). In addition, I/O section  514  can be connected with communication unit  530  for receiving application and operating system data, using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, near field communication (NFC), cellular, and/or other wireless communication techniques. Device  500  can include input mechanisms  506  and/or  508 . Input mechanism  506  is, optionally, a rotatable input device or a depressible and rotatable input device, for example. Input mechanism  508  is, optionally, a button, in some examples. 
     Input mechanism  508  is, optionally, a microphone, in some examples. Personal electronic device  500  optionally includes various sensors, such as GPS sensor  532 , accelerometer  534 , directional sensor  540  (e.g., compass), gyroscope  536 , motion sensor  538 , and/or a combination thereof, all of which can be operatively connected to I/O section  514 . 
     Memory  518  of personal electronic device  500  can include one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage mediums, for storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by one or more computer processors  516 , for example, can cause the computer processors to perform the techniques described below, including processes  700 ,  900 , and  1100  ( FIGS. 7, 9, and 11 ). A computer-readable storage medium can be any medium that can tangibly contain or store computer-executable instructions for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. In some examples, the storage medium is a transitory computer-readable storage medium. In some examples, the storage medium is a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium can include, but is not limited to, magnetic, optical, and/or semiconductor storages. Examples of such storage include magnetic disks, optical discs based on CD, DVD, or Blu-ray technologies, as well as persistent solid-state memory such as flash, solid-state drives, and the like. Personal electronic device  500  is not limited to the components and configuration of  FIG. 5B , but can include other or additional components in multiple configurations. 
     As used here, the term “affordance” refers to a user-interactive graphical user interface object that is, optionally, displayed on the display screen of devices  100 ,  300 , and/or  500  ( FIGS. 1A, 3, and 5A-5B ). For example, an image (e.g., icon), a button, and text (e.g., hyperlink) each optionally constitute an affordance. 
     As used herein, the term “focus selector” refers to an input element that indicates a current part of a user interface with which a user is interacting. In some implementations that include a cursor or other location marker, the cursor acts as a “focus selector” so that when an input (e.g., a press input) is detected on a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touchpad  355  in  FIG. 3  or touch-sensitive surface  451  in  FIG. 4B ) while the cursor is over a particular user interface element (e.g., a button, window, slider, or other user interface element), the particular user interface element is adjusted in accordance with the detected input. In some implementations that include a touch screen display (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112  in  FIG. 1A  or touch screen  112  in  FIG. 4A ) that enables direct interaction with user interface elements on the touch screen display, a detected contact on the touch screen acts as a “focus selector” so that when an input (e.g., a press input by the contact) is detected on the touch screen display at a location of a particular user interface element (e.g., a button, window, slider, or other user interface element), the particular user interface element is adjusted in accordance with the detected input. In some implementations, focus is moved from one region of a user interface to another region of the user interface without corresponding movement of a cursor or movement of a contact on a touch screen display (e.g., by using a tab key or arrow keys to move focus from one button to another button); in these implementations, the focus selector moves in accordance with movement of focus between different regions of the user interface. Without regard to the specific form taken by the focus selector, the focus selector is generally the user interface element (or contact on a touch screen display) that is controlled by the user so as to communicate the user&#39;s intended interaction with the user interface (e.g., by indicating, to the device, the element of the user interface with which the user is intending to interact). For example, the location of a focus selector (e.g., a cursor, a contact, or a selection box) over a respective button while a press input is detected on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touchpad or touch screen) will indicate that the user is intending to activate the respective button (as opposed to other user interface elements shown on a display of the device). 
     As used in the specification and claims, the term “characteristic intensity” of a contact refers to a characteristic of the contact based on one or more intensities of the contact. In some embodiments, the characteristic intensity is based on multiple intensity samples. The characteristic intensity is, optionally, based on a predefined number of intensity samples, or a set of intensity samples collected during a predetermined time period (e.g., 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 seconds) relative to a predefined event (e.g., after detecting the contact, prior to detecting liftoff of the contact, before or after detecting a start of movement of the contact, prior to detecting an end of the contact, before or after detecting an increase in intensity of the contact, and/or before or after detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact). A characteristic intensity of a contact is, optionally, based on one or more of: a maximum value of the intensities of the contact, a mean value of the intensities of the contact, an average value of the intensities of the contact, a top 10 percentile value of the intensities of the contact, a value at the half maximum of the intensities of the contact, a value at the 90 percent maximum of the intensities of the contact, or the like. In some embodiments, the duration of the contact is used in determining the characteristic intensity (e.g., when the characteristic intensity is an average of the intensity of the contact over time). In some embodiments, the characteristic intensity is compared to a set of one or more intensity thresholds to determine whether an operation has been performed by a user. For example, the set of one or more intensity thresholds optionally includes a first intensity threshold and a second intensity threshold. In this example, a contact with a characteristic intensity that does not exceed the first threshold results in a first operation, a contact with a characteristic intensity that exceeds the first intensity threshold and does not exceed the second intensity threshold results in a second operation, and a contact with a characteristic intensity that exceeds the second threshold results in a third operation. In some embodiments, a comparison between the characteristic intensity and one or more thresholds is used to determine whether or not to perform one or more operations (e.g., whether to perform a respective operation or forgo performing the respective operation), rather than being used to determine whether to perform a first operation or a second operation. 
       FIG. 5C  illustrates detecting a plurality of contacts  552 A- 552 E on touch-sensitive display screen  504  with a plurality of intensity sensors  524 A- 524 D.  FIG. 5C  additionally includes intensity diagrams that show the current intensity measurements of the intensity sensors  524 A- 524 D relative to units of intensity. In this example, the intensity measurements of intensity sensors  524 A and  524 D are each 9 units of intensity, and the intensity measurements of intensity sensors  524 B and  524 C are each 7 units of intensity. In some implementations, an aggregate intensity is the sum of the intensity measurements of the plurality of intensity sensors  524 A- 524 D, which in this example is 32 intensity units. In some embodiments, each contact is assigned a respective intensity that is a portion of the aggregate intensity.  FIG. 5D  illustrates assigning the aggregate intensity to contacts  552 A- 552 E based on their distance from the center of force  554 . In this example, each of contacts  552 A,  552 B, and  552 E are assigned an intensity of contact of 8 intensity units of the aggregate intensity, and each of contacts  552 C and  552 D are assigned an intensity of contact of 4 intensity units of the aggregate intensity. More generally, in some implementations, each contact j is assigned a respective intensity Ij that is a portion of the aggregate intensity, A, in accordance with a predefined mathematical function, Ij=A·(Dj/ΣDi), where Dj is the distance of the respective contact j to the center of force, and ΣDi is the sum of the distances of all the respective contacts (e.g., i=1 to last) to the center of force. The operations described with reference to  FIGS. 5C-5D  can be performed using an electronic device similar or identical to device  100 ,  300 , or  500 . In some embodiments, a characteristic intensity of a contact is based on one or more intensities of the contact. In some embodiments, the intensity sensors are used to determine a single characteristic intensity (e.g., a single characteristic intensity of a single contact). It should be noted that the intensity diagrams are not part of a displayed user interface, but are included in  FIGS. 5C-5D  to aid the reader. 
     In some embodiments, a portion of a gesture is identified for purposes of determining a characteristic intensity. For example, a touch-sensitive surface optionally receives a continuous swipe contact transitioning from a start location and reaching an end location, at which point the intensity of the contact increases. In this example, the characteristic intensity of the contact at the end location is, optionally, based on only a portion of the continuous swipe contact, and not the entire swipe contact (e.g., only the portion of the swipe contact at the end location). In some embodiments, a smoothing algorithm is, optionally, applied to the intensities of the swipe contact prior to determining the characteristic intensity of the contact. For example, the smoothing algorithm optionally includes one or more of: an unweighted sliding-average smoothing algorithm, a triangular smoothing algorithm, a median filter smoothing algorithm, and/or an exponential smoothing algorithm. In some circumstances, these smoothing algorithms eliminate narrow spikes or dips in the intensities of the swipe contact for purposes of determining a characteristic intensity. 
     The intensity of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface is, optionally, characterized relative to one or more intensity thresholds, such as a contact-detection intensity threshold, a light press intensity threshold, a deep press intensity threshold, and/or one or more other intensity thresholds. In some embodiments, the light press intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will perform operations typically associated with clicking a button of a physical mouse or a trackpad. In some embodiments, the deep press intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will perform operations that are different from operations typically associated with clicking a button of a physical mouse or a trackpad. In some embodiments, when a contact is detected with a characteristic intensity below the light press intensity threshold (e.g., and above a nominal contact-detection intensity threshold below which the contact is no longer detected), the device will move a focus selector in accordance with movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface without performing an operation associated with the light press intensity threshold or the deep press intensity threshold. Generally, unless otherwise stated, these intensity thresholds are consistent between different sets of user interface figures. 
     An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below the light press intensity threshold to an intensity between the light press intensity threshold and the deep press intensity threshold is sometimes referred to as a “light press” input. An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below the deep press intensity threshold to an intensity above the deep press intensity threshold is sometimes referred to as a “deep press” input. An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below the contact-detection intensity threshold to an intensity between the contact-detection intensity threshold and the light press intensity threshold is sometimes referred to as detecting the contact on the touch-surface. A decrease of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity above the contact-detection intensity threshold to an intensity below the contact-detection intensity threshold is sometimes referred to as detecting liftoff of the contact from the touch-surface. In some embodiments, the contact-detection intensity threshold is zero. In some embodiments, the contact-detection intensity threshold is greater than zero. 
     In some embodiments described herein, one or more operations are performed in response to detecting a gesture that includes a respective press input or in response to detecting the respective press input performed with a respective contact (or a plurality of contacts), where the respective press input is detected based at least in part on detecting an increase in intensity of the contact (or plurality of contacts) above a press-input intensity threshold. In some embodiments, the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold (e.g., a “down stroke” of the respective press input). In some embodiments, the press input includes an increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold and a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the press-input intensity threshold, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contact below the press-input threshold (e.g., an “up stroke” of the respective press input). 
       FIGS. 5E-5H  illustrate detection of a gesture that includes a press input that corresponds to an increase in intensity of a contact  562  from an intensity below a light press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT L ”) in  FIG. 5E , to an intensity above a deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”) in  FIG. 5H . The gesture performed with contact  562  is detected on touch-sensitive surface  560  while cursor  576  is displayed over application icon  572 B corresponding to App 2, on a displayed user interface  570  that includes application icons  572 A- 572 D displayed in predefined region  574 . In some embodiments, the gesture is detected on touch-sensitive display  504 . The intensity sensors detect the intensity of contacts on touch-sensitive surface  560 . The device determines that the intensity of contact  562  peaked above the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”). Contact  562  is maintained on touch-sensitive surface  560 . In response to the detection of the gesture, and in accordance with contact  562  having an intensity that goes above the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”) during the gesture, reduced-scale representations  578 A- 578 C (e.g., thumbnails) of recently opened documents for App 2 are displayed, as shown in  FIGS. 5F-5H . In some embodiments, the intensity, which is compared to the one or more intensity thresholds, is the characteristic intensity of a contact. It should be noted that the intensity diagram for contact  562  is not part of a displayed user interface, but is included in  FIGS. 5E-5H  to aid the reader. 
     In some embodiments, the display of representations  578 A- 578 C includes an animation. For example, representation  578 A is initially displayed in proximity of application icon  572 B, as shown in  FIG. 5F . As the animation proceeds, representation  578 A moves upward and representation  578 B is displayed in proximity of application icon  572 B, as shown in  FIG. 5G . Then, representations  578 A moves upward,  578 B moves upward toward representation  578 A, and representation  578 C is displayed in proximity of application icon  572 B, as shown in  FIG. 5H . Representations  578 A- 578 C form an array above icon  572 B. In some embodiments, the animation progresses in accordance with an intensity of contact  562 , as shown in  FIGS. 5F-5G , where the representations  578 A- 578 C appear and move upwards as the intensity of contact  562  increases toward the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “ITS”). In some embodiments, the intensity, on which the progress of the animation is based, is the characteristic intensity of the contact. The operations described with reference to  FIGS. 5E-5H  can be performed using an electronic device similar or identical to device  100 ,  300 , or  500 . 
     In some embodiments, the device employs intensity hysteresis to avoid accidental inputs sometimes termed “jitter,” where the device defines or selects a hysteresis intensity threshold with a predefined relationship to the press-input intensity threshold (e.g., the hysteresis intensity threshold is X intensity units lower than the press-input intensity threshold or the hysteresis intensity threshold is 75%, 90%, or some reasonable proportion of the press-input intensity threshold). Thus, in some embodiments, the press input includes an increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold and a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold that corresponds to the press-input intensity threshold, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold (e.g., an “up stroke” of the respective press input). Similarly, in some embodiments, the press input is detected only when the device detects an increase in intensity of the contact from an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity at or above the press-input intensity threshold and, optionally, a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact to an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the press input (e.g., the increase in intensity of the contact or the decrease in intensity of the contact, depending on the circumstances). 
     For ease of explanation, the descriptions of operations performed in response to a press input associated with a press-input intensity threshold or in response to a gesture including the press input are, optionally, triggered in response to detecting either: an increase in intensity of a contact above the press-input intensity threshold, an increase in intensity of a contact from an intensity below the hysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity above the press-input intensity threshold, a decrease in intensity of the contact below the press-input intensity threshold, and/or a decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to the press-input intensity threshold. Additionally, in examples where an operation is described as being performed in response to detecting a decrease in intensity of a contact below the press-input intensity threshold, the operation is, optionally, performed in response to detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact below a hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to, and lower than, the press-input intensity threshold. 
     As used herein, an “installed application” refers to a software application that has been downloaded onto an electronic device (e.g., devices  100 ,  300 , and/or  500 ) and is ready to be launched (e.g., become opened) on the device. In some embodiments, a downloaded application becomes an installed application by way of an installation program that extracts program portions from a downloaded package and integrates the extracted portions with the operating system of the computer system. 
     As used herein, the terms “open application” or “executing application” refer to a software application with retained state information (e.g., as part of device/global internal state  157  and/or application internal state  192 ). An open or executing application is, optionally, any one of the following types of applications:
         an active application, which is currently displayed on a display screen of the device that the application is being used on;   a background application (or background processes), which is not currently displayed, but one or more processes for the application are being processed by one or more processors; and   a suspended or hibernated application, which is not running, but has state information that is stored in memory (volatile and non-volatile, respectively) and that can be used to resume execution of the application.       

     As used herein, the term “closed application” refers to software applications without retained state information (e.g., state information for closed applications is not stored in a memory of the device). Accordingly, closing an application includes stopping and/or removing application processes for the application and removing state information for the application from the memory of the device. Generally, opening a second application while in a first application does not close the first application. When the second application is displayed and the first application ceases to be displayed, the first application becomes a background application. 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) and associated processes that are implemented on an electronic device, such as portable multifunction device  100 , device  300 , or device  500 . 
       FIGS. 6A-6J  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for selecting a contact identifier, in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in  FIG. 7 . 
       FIG. 6A  depicts electronic device  600 , which is a smartphone with display  602 . Display  602  includes a touch-sensitive surface on which electronic device  600  can detect user gestures (e.g., tap, swipe, drag). In some embodiments, electronic device  600  is, or includes one or more features of, electronic device  100 ,  300 , or  500 . 
     At  FIG. 6A , electronic device  600  displays mailbox user interface  604  for an email application. Mailbox user interface  604  includes multiple email mailboxes including, for example, Inbox, Sent, and Trash. Mailbox user interface  604  also includes compose button  606 . 
     To begin drafting a new email message, a user performs a tap gesture on compose button  606 . As a result, while displaying mailbox user interface  604 , electronic device  600  detects tap gesture  608  at compose button  606 . Upon detecting tap gesture  608 , electronic device  600  displays new email user interface  610 , as shown in  FIG. 6B . New email user interface  610  includes keyboard  611  for entering characters into text fields of new email user interface  610 , such as To: field  612 . New email user interface  610  also includes send button  613 , which, when selected, triggers sending of the contents (e.g., in the body of the email) in new email user interface  610  to the recipient(s) (e.g., the email address in To: field  612 ). 
     At  FIG. 6B , the user begins to type the name of the intended recipient of the email message in To: field  612 . As a result, electronic device  600  detects tap gesture  614  at “J” key  616   a.    
     At  FIG. 6C , upon detecting tap gesture  614 , electronic device  600  enters the “J” character in To: field  612 . Upon entering the “J” character, electronic device  600  displays search results based on the entered character. The user continues to type the name of the intended recipient of the email message. As a result, electronic device  600  detects tap gestures at “0” key  616   b  and “H” key  616   c , followed by tap gesture  624  at “N” key  616   d.    
     At  FIG. 6D , upon detecting the tap gestures (on keys O, H, N), electronic device  600  has entered “John” in To: field  612 . Upon entering “John”, electronic device  600  displays search results  618   a - 618   c , which are based on the entered characters (“John”). Search results  618   a - 618   c  correspond to possible candidates for the intended recipient of the email message. In some embodiments, the search results (e.g.,  618   a - 618   c ) are ranked from top to bottom based on correspondence or relevance to the entered characters. In some embodiments, a search result corresponds to a single contact entry in an address book stored on electronic device  600 . 
     As depicted in  FIG. 6D , search result  618   a  includes name  620   a  (e.g., “John Appleseed”) and email address  622   a  (“j.appleseed@email.com”). As discussed below, name  620   a  is associated with multiple email addresses (e.g., “j.appleseed@email.com”, “john.as@work.com”, “johnny.apple@fun.com”). Instead of concurrently displaying the multiple email addresses associated with name  620   a , electronic device  600  displays a single email address associated with name  620   a  upon entering the characters (e.g., “John”). Similarly, search result  618   b  includes name  620   b  (e.g., “John Smith”) and a single email address (e.g.,  622   b ) associated with name  620   b.    
     In some embodiments, electronic device  600  determines the most appropriate email address prior to displaying the single email address. For example, electronic device  600  determines that the user of electronic device  600  most commonly uses “j.appleseed@email.com” when emailing John Appleseed. As another example, electronic device  600  determines that the user of electronic device  600  most recently used “j.appleseed@email.com” when the user last emailed John Appleseed. As yet another example, electronic device  600  determines the most appropriate email address using the domain address of the sender. Thus, if the domain of the sender&#39;s email address (the user of electronic device  600 ) is “work.com”, electronic device  600  would attempt to select a recipient email address that also has the domain address “work.com”. 
     In some embodiments, a user can select a search result for entry into To: field  612 . For example, electronic device  600  detects tap gesture  626  at search result  618   a . In this example, upon detecting tap gesture  626 , electronic device  600  enters the contact information (e.g., email address  622   a ) associated with search result  618   a  into To: field  612 , as depicted in  FIG. 6F . Further upon detecting tap gesture  626 , electronic device  600  ceases to display search results  618   a - 618   c , as depicted in  FIG. 6F . 
     Referring back to  FIG. 6D , the user performs a tap gesture to see additional email addresses associated with name  620   a  (e.g., John Appleseed). As a result, electronic device  600  detects tap gesture  628  at chevron icon  630 , which corresponds to search result  618   a.    
     At  FIG. 6E , upon detecting tap gesture  628 , electronic device  600  displays expanded results  632   a - 632   c  below search result  618   a . Expanded results  632   a - 632   c  includes email address  622   a  in addition to other email addresses associated with name  620   a  (e.g., email addresses  622   c - 622   d ). Expanded result  632   a  includes checkmark  644  being displayed adjacent to email address  622   a . Checkmark  644  provides an indication of which email address (e.g.,  622   a ) is currently selected as the email address to be used for name  620   a . In order to display expanded results  632   a - 632   c , electronic device  600  shifts display of search results  618   b - 618   c  downwards. 
     After reviewing the expanded list of email addresses associated with name  620   a , the user proceeds with email address  622   a , as originally suggested by electronic device  600 . As a result, electronic device  600  detects tap gesture  634  at expanded result  632   a . Upon detecting tap gesture  634 , electronic device  600  enters the contact information (e.g., email address  622   a ) associated with expanded result  632   a  into To: field  612 , as depicted in  FIG. 6F . Further upon detecting tap gesture  634 , electronic device  600  ceases to display search results  618   a - 618   c  and expanded results  632   a - 632   c.    
     At  FIG. 6F , electronic device  600  displays representation  636 , which is a selectable user interface object representing email address  622   a  in To: field  612 . In this example, representation  636  includes the name of the recipient, but does not include a visual indication of the recipient&#39;s selected email address. The user performs a series of tap gestures to access the multiple email addresses (e.g.,  622   a ,  622   c - 622   d ) associated with name  620   a . As a result, electronic device  600  detects tap gesture  638  at representation  636 . 
     At  FIG. 6G , upon detecting tap gesture  638 , electronic device  600  displays representation  636  with a visual emphasis, which provides an indication that representation  636  has been selected. Once representation  636  has been selected, electronic device  600  detects tap gesture  640  at representation  636 . 
     At  FIG. 6H , upon detecting tap gesture  640  on selected representation  636 , electronic device  600  displays expanded results  632   a - 632   c  below representation  636 . Expanded result  632   a  once again includes checkmark  644  being displayed adjacent to email address  622   a . As discussed above, checkmark  644  provides an indication of which email address (e.g.,  622   a ) is currently selected as the email address to be used for name  620   a . As illustrated in  FIG. 6H , expanded result  632   a  optionally replaces the CC, BCC, and/or subject fields of new email user interface  610 . The user performs a tap gesture to select a different email address to be used for name  620   a . As a result, electronic device  600  detects tap gesture  642  at expanded result  632   b , which corresponds to email address  622   c.    
     At  FIG. 6I , upon detecting tap gesture  642 , electronic device  600  moves the display of checkmark  644  from being adjacent to email address  622   a  to being adjacent to email address  622   c , where checkmark  644  is displayed for a predetermined amount of time. Once the predetermined amount of time elapses, electronic device  600  ceases display of expanded results  632   a - 632   c  (e.g., without requiring additional user input), as depicted in  FIG. 6J . Further, electronic device  600  displays representation  636  without the visual emphasis once the predetermined amount of time elapses. In contrast to  FIG. 6F , representation  636  of  FIG. 6J  now represents email address  622   c  in To: field  612 . Thus, when the user sends the email message (e.g., by tapping on send button  613 ), the email message will be sent to email address  622   c  instead of email address  622   a.    
       FIG. 7  is a flow diagram illustrating a method for selecting a contact identifier using an electronic device in accordance with some embodiments. Method  700  is performed at a device (e.g.,  100 ,  300 ,  500 ,  600 ) with a display device. Some operations in method  700  are, optionally, combined, the orders of some operations are, optionally, changed, and some operations are, optionally, omitted. 
     As described below, method  700  provides an intuitive way for selecting a contact identifier. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user for selecting a contact identifier, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated computing devices, enabling a user to select a contact identifier faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     In some embodiments, the electronic device receives ( 702 ) input (e.g.,  614 ) of one or more characters (e.g., alphanumeric characters entered using a keyboard displayed on a touch screen device that incorporates the display device). 
     In response ( 704 ) to receiving the input of one or more characters, the electronic device identifies ( 706 ), based on the one or more characters (e.g., based on the one or more characters matching (or corresponding to) the names of entities stored in an address book of the electronic device), one or more entities (e.g.,  618   a - 618   c , the one or more entities being less than the total entities stored in the address book of the electronic device). The one or more entities (e.g.,  618   a - 618   c ) correspond ( 708 ) to respective entries of an address book of the electronic device. A first entity of the one or more entities corresponds ( 710 ) to a first entry of the address book, the first entry including a name for the first entity (e.g., a contactable entity) and a plurality of contact identifiers for contacting the first entity (e.g., a plurality of identifiers for contacting the entity (a plurality of email addresses, a plurality of phone numbers, a phone number and an email address, a plurality of instant messaging handles) using a first contact modality (e.g., using email, using voice call, using video call). 
     The plurality of contact identifiers of the first entry include ( 712 ) a first contact identifier (e.g.,  622   a , a first email address) for contacting the first entity using the first contact modality (e.g., using email, using voice call, using video call) and a second contact identifier (e.g.,  622   c , a second email address different) different from the first contact identifier for contacting the first entity using the first contact modality. In some embodiments, the first contact identifier and the second contact identifier correspond to the same contact modality. For example, both the first contact identifier and the second contact identifier are email addresses. For another example, both the first contact identifier and the second contact identifier are phone numbers. 
     In response ( 704 ) to receiving the input of one or more characters, the electronic device displays ( 714 ), via the display device, results (e.g.,  632   a ,  632   c ) corresponding to at least some of the one or more entities, including a first result for the first entity, wherein display of the first result includes display of the name of the first entity (e.g., accessed from the first entry of the address book) and display of the first contact identifier for contacting the first entity (e.g., accessed from the first entry of the address book) without including display of the second contact identifier for contacting the first entity. In some embodiments, display of the first result includes display of a single contact identifier for a given/particular contact modality. 
     Displaying the first contact identifier for contacting the first entity without displaying the second contact identifier for contacting the first entity provides the user with visual feedback about the contact identifier that will be used if that search result is selected. Providing improved visual feedback to the user enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, prior to displaying the first result for the first entity, the electronic device selects, based on a set of selection criteria, the first contact identifier from among the plurality of contact identifiers to include in the first result. In some embodiments, the set of selection criteria includes a first selection criterion that is based on the frequency of use of a respective contact identifier (e.g., the more frequently the contact identifier has been used in the past, the more likely that contact identifier is to be selected). In some embodiments, the set of selection criteria includes a second selection criterion that is based on the recency of use of a respective contact identifier (e.g., the more recently the contact identifier has been used as compared to the other contact identifiers of the plurality of contact identifiers, the more likely that it is to be selected). In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that a second entry of one or more entities includes only a single contact identifier of the first modality, the electronic device selects single content identifier for the second entity for display in the respective result. In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that a third entry of one or more entities does not include a contact identifier of the first modality (e.g., there is no email address stored for the contact), the electronic device does not select a contact identifier and displays the result for the third entity without including a contact identifier. In some embodiments, the set of selection criteria includes a third selection criterion that is based on the type of contact modality of a respective contact identifier (e.g., if the contact identifier is not of the first contact modality type, it is not selected for display). 
     In some embodiments, prior to displaying the first result for the first entity, the electronic device selects, based on a set of selection criteria, the first contact identifier from among the plurality of contact identifiers to include in the first result. In some embodiments, the set of selection criteria includes a second selection criterion that is based on the contents of the respective contact identifier (e.g., email addresses with a certain domain are prioritized). In some embodiments, the electronic device prioritizes certain contact identifiers for display when those contact identifiers include certain terms. For example, a user drafting an email address using a work email account that includes “apple.com” is more likely to want to send the draft email to an email address of an entity that also includes “apple.com”. 
     In some embodiments, the electronic device displays a text field (e.g.,  612 , a search field). In some embodiments, in response to receiving the input of one or more characters, the electronic device displays the one or more characters in the text field. 
     In some embodiments, the electronic device includes a touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, while displaying the results corresponding to at least some of the one or more entities, including the first result for the first entity, the electronic device receives, via a touch-sensitive surface, a first user input. In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the first user input corresponds to a first portion (e.g., tap gesture on a graphical representation of the entity, on the displayed name of the entity, on the displayed first contact identifier of the first entity) of the first result, the electronic device replaces display of the one or more characters in the text field with a representation (e.g., a pill-shaped object that includes the name of the first entity, and optionally not including the first contact identifier) of the first contact identifier (e.g., and does not corresponds to the second contact identifier). In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the first user input corresponds to a second portion (e.g., on a right facing chevron), different from the first portion, of the first result, the electronic device displays (e.g., expanding the first result to further include, below the first result), on the display device, the plurality of contact identifiers for contacting the first entity using the first modality, including the first contact identifier and the second contact identifier. 
     Displaying a plurality of contact identifiers for contacting the first entity using the first modality provides the user with options to select a different contact identifier for transmitting a message without requiring the user to perform multiple user inputs to access the address book entry for the recipient, thereby reducing the number of inputs required. Reducing the number of inputs needed to perform an operation enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, while displaying a draft message (e.g., a draft email, a draft instant message) and the results corresponding to at least some of the one or more entities, including the first result for the first entity, the electronic device receives a first user input (e.g.,  634 , a tap gesture) at a location that corresponds to the first result (e.g., on a first portion of the first result). In some embodiments, in response to receiving the first user input, the electronic device displays, on the display device, a representation (e.g., a pill-shaped object that includes the name of the first entity, and optionally not including the first contact identifier) of the first contact identifier (e.g., and does not corresponds to the second contact identifier) in a field (e.g., the TO field, the CC field, the BCC field) of the draft message. 
     In some embodiments, while displaying the representation of the first contact identifier in the field (e.g., the TO field, the CC field, the BCC field) of the draft message, the electronic device detects a third user input (e.g.,  638 ,  640 , a tap, a double-tap or two sequential taps (one to select, one to activate)) at a location corresponding to the representation of the first contact identifier. In some embodiments, prior to detecting the third user input (e.g., a tap), the electronic device detects a user input for selecting the representation of the first contact identifier (e.g., resulting in highlighting of the representation of the first contact identifier. In some embodiments, in response to detecting the third user input, the electronic device displays (optionally, the plurality of contact identifiers for contacting the first entity using the first modality, including) a set of contact reselection options, including a first option corresponding to the first contact identifier and a second option corresponding to the second contact identifier. 
     In some embodiments, in the set of contact reselection options, the first option is emphasized (e.g., has a check mark next to it indicating the first contact identifier is currently selected) and the second option is not emphasized (e.g., does not have a check mark next to it). 
     In some embodiments, while displaying the set of contact reselection options, the electronic device detects a fourth user input at a location corresponding to the second option corresponding to the second contact identifier. In some embodiments, in response to detecting the fourth user input, the electronic device replaces display, on the display device, of the representation (e.g., a pill-shaped object that includes the name of the first entity, and optionally not including the first contact identifier) of the first contact identifier (e.g., and does not corresponds to the second contact identifier) in the field (e.g., the TO field, the CC field, the BCC field) of the draft message with a representation (e.g., a pill-shaped object that includes the name of the first entity, and optionally not including the first contact identifier) of the second contact identifier (e.g., and does not corresponds to the second contact identifier). In some embodiments, in response to detecting the fourth user input, the first option is deemphasized (remove the checkmark from next to it) and the second option is emphasized (e.g., add a checkmark next to it) prior to replacing the first contact identifier with the second contact identifier. In some embodiments, in response to detecting the fourth user input (and, optionally, subsequent to deemphasizing/emphasizing the first/second options, and optionally), the electronic device ceases to display the set of contact reselection options. 
     In some embodiments, in response to receiving the first user input, the electronic device ceases to display, via the display device, the results corresponding to the at least some of the one or more entities. 
     Note that details of the processes described above with respect to method  700  (e.g.,  FIG. 7 ) are also applicable in an analogous manner to the methods described below. For example, methods  900  and  1000  optionally includes one or more of the characteristics of the various methods described above with reference to method  700 . For brevity, these details are not repeated below. 
       FIGS. 8A-8P  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for providing an adaptive toolbar, in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in  FIGS. 9A-9B . 
       FIG. 8A  depicts electronic device  600 , which is a smartphone with display  602 . Display  602  includes a touch-sensitive surface on which electronic device  600  can detect user gestures (e.g., tap, swipe, drag). In some embodiments, electronic device  600  is, or includes one or more features of, electronic device  100 ,  300 , or  500 . 
     At  FIG. 8A , electronic device  600  displays new email user interface  610 , which includes keyboard  611  for entering characters into text fields of new email user interface  610 , such as To: field  612 . New email user interface  610  also includes send button  613 , which, when selected, triggers sending of the contents (e.g., in body  802 ) in new email user interface  610  to the recipient(s) (e.g., the email address in To: field  612 ). Additionally, as discussed above with respect to  FIGS. 6A-6J , representation  636  in To: field  612  is a selectable user interface object representing an email address. 
     Electronic device  600  also displays adaptive toolbar  804 . As discussed below, adaptive toolbar  804  provides different options (e.g., suggested words, email-related functions) depending on the context of the input entered in body  802 . By automatically displaying different options depending on the context, adaptive toolbar  804  provides an efficient technique for accessing different options without requiring an explicit user input for navigating to a particular option. 
     As shown in  FIG. 8A , a user has typed “Dear Jo” in body  802  of new email user interface  610 . Upon detecting the input corresponding to “Dear Jo” (e.g., activation of keys d, e, a, r, &lt;space&gt;, j, o), electronic device  600  displays suggested words  806   a - 806   c  in adaptive toolbar  804 , as illustrated in  FIG. 8A . At  FIG. 8A , the user performs a tap gesture to select “John” in order to complete “Jo” in body  802 . As a result, electronic device detects tap gesture  808  at suggested word  806   b  (e.g., “John”). 
     At  FIG. 8B , upon detecting tap gesture  808 , electronic device  600  enters the characters corresponding to the selected suggested word (e.g.,  806   b ). Thus, electronic device  600  displays “Dear John” in body  802  of  FIG. 8B . Further, electronic device  600  updates the suggested words (e.g.,  806   d - 806   e ) in adaptive toolbar  804  based on the newly entered characters in body  802 . 
     As illustrated by  FIG. 8B , the user performs a tap gesture to start a new line of text and continue with the rest of the email message. As a result, at  FIG. 8B , while displaying adaptive toolbar  804  with suggested words (e.g.,  806   d - 806   e ), electronic device  600  detects tap gesture  810  at return key  812  of keyboard  611 . 
     At  FIG. 8C , upon detecting tap gesture  810 , electronic device  600  enters a newline character and moves the position of cursor  814  to a new line. Upon entering a newline character, electronic device  600  modifies adaptive toolbar  804  by replacing suggested words  806   d - 806   e  with function icons  816   a - 816   f.    
     Each function icon  816   a - 816   f  provides a different email-related function. As discussed further below, function icon  816   a  is a user interface object that, when selected, initiates a process for formatting text entered or to be entered in body  802 . Function icon  816   b  is a user interface object that, when selected, initiates a process for adding one or more photos to an email message (e.g., in body  802 ). In some embodiments, detecting selection of function icon  816   b  results in display of photos user interface  818  overlaid on top of a bottom region of new email user interface  610 , as depicted in  FIG. 8N . 
     Function icon  816   c  is a user interface object that, when selected, initiates a process for taking a photo using a camera of electronic device  600 . In some embodiments, detecting selection of function icon  816   c  results in display of camera user interface  820 , as depicted in  FIG. 8P . Function icon  816   d  is a user interface object that, when selected, initiates a process for marking up an email message (e.g., drawing strokes in body  802 ). In some embodiments, detecting selection of function icon  816   d  results in display of markup user interface  822 , as depicted in  FIG. 8O . 
     Function icon  816   e  is a user interface object that, when selected, initiates a process for adding one or more files to an email message (e.g., in body  802 ). In some embodiments, detecting selection of function icon  816   e  results in display of a user interface similar to photos user interface  818 , but with representations of document files instead of representations of photos. Function icon  816   f  is a user interface object that, when selected, initiates a process for scanning a document or photo using a camera of electronic device  600 . In some embodiments, detecting selection of function icon  816   f  results in display of a user interface similar to camera user interface  820 , but with displayed instructions for positioning a document in view of the camera of electronic device  600 . 
     At  FIG. 8C , the user continues typing in body  802  using keyboard  611 . As a result, while displaying function icons  816   a - 816   f , electronic device  600  detects tap gesture  824  at “H” key  616   c  (e.g., a character key of keyboard  611 ). 
     At  FIG. 8D , upon detecting tap gesture  824 , electronic device  600  enters the character corresponding to “H” key  616   c  into body  802 . Upon entering the new text character (e.g., “H”), electronic device  600  modifies adaptive toolbar  804  by replacing function icons  816   a - 816   f  with new suggested words (e.g.,  806   f - 806   h ) based on the newly entered character(s). 
     As shown in  FIG. 8D , electronic device  600  displays “H” in body  802 . The user performs a tap gesture to select a suggested word. As a result, electronic device  600  detects tap gesture  826  at suggested word  806   f  (e.g., “How”). 
     At  FIG. 8E , upon detecting tap gesture  826 , electronic device  600  enters the characters corresponding to the selected suggested word (e.g.,  806   f ). Thus, electronic device  600  displays “How” in body  802 . The user continues to type in body  802  using keyboard  611 . As a result, electronic device  600  displays “How are you” in body  802  of  FIG. 8E . Further, electronic device  600  updates the suggested words (e.g.,  806   i - 806   j ) in adaptive toolbar  804  based on the newly entered characters in body  802 . 
     Suppose the user wishes to emphasize “you” in body  802  by underlining “you”. Thus, the user seeks to access function icons  816   a - 816   f . While displaying new email user interface  610 , electronic device  600  detects tap gesture  828  at chevron icon  830 . 
     At  FIG. 8F , upon detecting tap gesture  828 , electronic device  600  modifies adaptive toolbar  804  by replacing suggested words  806   i - 806   j  with function icons  816   a - 816   f  In some embodiments, electronic device  600  modifies adaptive toolbar  804  in this same manner upon detecting swipe gesture  832  with movement (e.g., in the right-to-left direction). 
     As shown in  FIG. 8F , the user selects the target text (e.g., “you”) to be emphasized, followed by performing a tap gesture to access text formatting options. As a result, electronic device  600  detects tap gesture  834  at function icon  816   a.    
     At  FIG. 8G , upon detecting tap gesture  834 , electronic device  600  initiates a process for formatting text entered or to be entered in body  802 . Initiating this process includes displaying formatting user interface  836  overlaid on top of a bottom portion of new email user interface  610 . While displaying formatting user interface  836 , electronic device  600  detects tap gesture  838  at underline option  840  at  FIG. 8G . 
     At  FIG. 8H , upon detecting tap gesture  838 , electronic device  600  visually modifies the selected text in accordance with the selected text formatting option (e.g.,  840 ). Specifically, electronic device  600  underlines “you”. Finished with text formatting, the user exits text formatting user interface  836 . As a result, electronic device  600  detects tap gesture  842  at exit button  844 . 
     At  FIG. 8I , upon detecting tap gesture  842 , electronic device  600  ceases to display formatting user interface  836 . Further, electronic device  600  displays keyboard  611  with suggested words  806   i - 806   j  in the adaptive toolbar. The user then modifies keyboard  611  to access the punctuation marks. As a result, electronic device  600  detects tap gesture  846  at alternate keys button  848 . 
     At  FIG. 8J , upon detecting tap gesture  846 , electronic device  600  modifies keyboard  611  to include number keys and punctuation keys. As shown in  FIG. 8J , electronic device  600  detects tap gesture  850  at “?” key  616   e.    
     At  FIG. 8K , upon detecting tap gesture  850 , electronic device  600  enters a punctuation mark corresponding to the selected key. Thus, electronic device  600  enters “?” in body  802 . Upon entering a punctuation mark (e.g., “?”) in body  802 , electronic device  600  modifies adaptive toolbar  804  by replacing suggested words  806   i - 806   j  with function icons  816   a - 816   f , as shown in  FIG. 8K . 
     At  FIG. 8L , the user continues typing in body  802  using keyboard  611 . As a result, electronic device  600  displays “How are you? Hope all is well” in body  802 . Further, upon entering the one or more text characters (e.g., Hope all is well), electronic device  600  modifies adaptive toolbar  804  by replacing function icons  816   a - 816   f  with new suggested words (e.g.,  806   k - 806   m ) based on the newly entered text characters. 
     To end the sentence, the user performs a gesture corresponding to a request to enter a period. As a result, electronic device  600  detects double-tap gesture  852  at space key  616   f.    
     At  FIG. 8M , upon detecting double-tap gesture  852 , electronic device  600  enters a period at the end of the sentence in body  802 . Upon entering a punctuation mark (e.g., “.”), electronic device  600  modifies adaptive toolbar  804  by replacing suggested words  806   k - 806   m  with function icons  816   a - 816   f.    
       FIGS. 9A-9B  is a flow diagram illustrating a method for providing an adaptive toolbar using an electronic device in accordance with some embodiments. Method  900  is performed at a device (e.g.,  100 ,  300 ,  500 ,  600 ) with a display device. Some operations in method  900  are, optionally, combined, the orders of some operations are, optionally, changed, and some operations are, optionally, omitted. 
     As described below, method  900  provides an intuitive way for providing an adaptive toolbar. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user for accessing functions of the toolbar, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated computing devices, enabling a user to access functions of the toolbar faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     In some embodiments, the electronic device concurrently displays ( 902 ), via the display device: a text input field ( 904 ) (e.g.,  802 , a document that accepts text, an input field for sending a message, a body or subject line of a draft email) and an adaptive toolbar ( 906 ) (e.g.,  804 , where the functionality of the toolbar changes as input is received), wherein the adaptive toolbar is configured to transition between a suggestion mode (e.g.,  804  at  FIG. 8A ) to provide a suggested input term (or a plurality of suggested input terms) and a function mode (e.g.,  804  at  FIG. 8B ) to provide a function (or a plurality of functions) other than a suggested input term. 
     Transitioning the adaptive toolbar between providing suggested input terms and functions provides the user with easy access to both the suggested input terms and the functions, without requiring extraneous inputs to access the terms and functions. Reducing the number of inputs needed to perform an operation enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. 
     While displaying the text input field and the adaptive toolbar in the suggestion mode including display of a first suggested input term, the electronic device receives ( 908 ) input of one or more characters (e.g.,  824 ,  850 ,  852 , alphanumeric and whitespace characters entered using a keyboard displayed on a touch screen device that incorporates the display device; unicode characters; whitespace characters such as a space, a newline; a sentence terminator such as a period, exclamation mark, and question mark). 
     In some embodiments, the electronic device displays, on the display device, a keyboard (e.g.,  611 , a virtual keyboard, an alphanumeric keyboard, a QWERTY keyboard) concurrently with the text input field and the adaptive toolbar. In some embodiments, receiving input of one or more characters includes detecting activation of one or more keys of the keyboard, the one or more keys corresponding to the one or more characters. 
     Thus, sequential activation of the keys corresponds to the letters “H”, “i” and “!” will sequentially cause those letters to be displayed in the text input field. In some embodiments, the keyboard is displayed adjacent to adaptive toolbar. In some embodiments, in response to input detected at character entry keys, the electronic device displays text corresponding to the input in the text input field. In some embodiments, receiving input of one or more characters include detecting one or more sets of strokes on a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., one or more handwritten characters), and in response to detecting the one or more sets of strokes (e.g., strokes, handwriting input composed of one or more strokes), the electronic device (sequentially) displays text in the input field corresponding to the input. 
     In response ( 910 ) to receiving the input of one or more characters, the electronic device enters ( 912 ) (e.g., displays) the one or more characters in the text input field (e.g.,  802 ). 
     In response ( 910 ) to receiving the input of one or more characters, in accordance with ( 914 ) a determination, based on the one or more characters (e.g., that were entered into the text input field), that a set of one or more suggestion criteria is satisfied, the electronic device updates ( 916 ) the adaptive toolbar to replace display of the first suggested input term (e.g.,  806   f ) with a second suggested input term (e.g.,  806   i ). In some embodiments, the second suggested input term is based on the one or more characters (e.g., that were entered into the text input field). In some embodiments, the second suggested input term is different from the first suggested input term (and, optionally, without displaying a first set of non-suggestion functions). In some embodiments, the electronic device identifies, based on the one or more characters entered into the text input field, the second suggested input term prior to updating the adaptive toolbar to include the second suggested input term. 
     In response ( 910 ) to receiving the input of one or more characters, in accordance with ( 918 ) a determination, based on the one or more characters entered into the text input field, that a set of one or more function criteria is satisfied, the electronic device updates ( 920 ) the adaptive toolbar to replace display of the first suggested input term (e.g.,  806   i ) with display of a set of functions (e.g.,  816   a - 816   f , one or more functions that do not correspond to suggested input terms, and without displaying the second suggested input term (or any suggested input terms)). In some embodiments, the set of one or more suggestion criteria includes a criterion that is satisfied when the one or more characters include (e.g., end with) an alphabetical character (e.g., the one or more characters end in a character selected from A-Z). 
     Updating the adaptive toolbar when set of one or more function criteria is satisfied allows the user to access relevant functions of the toolbar without requiring further user input. Performing an operation when a set of conditions has been met without requiring further user input enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, the set of one or more function criteria include a first function criterion that is satisfied when the one or more characters include (e.g., end with) a whitespace character (e.g., the one or more characters are a single character, and the single character is a whitespace character). In some embodiments, the set of one or more function criteria is satisfied when a single criterion of the set of one or more function criteria is satisfied. 
     In some embodiments, the set of one or more function criteria include a second function criterion that is satisfied when the one or more characters include (e.g., end with) two space characters (e.g., the one or more characters are two characters, and the two characters are two space characters). In some embodiments, the set of one or more function criteria is satisfied when a single criterion of the set of one or more function criteria is satisfied. 
     In some embodiments, the set of one or more function criteria include a third function criterion that is satisfied when the one or more characters include (e.g., end with) a newline character (e.g., the one or more characters a single character, and the single character is a newline character, which is also known as a line breaking character). In some embodiments, the set of one or more function criteria is satisfied when a single criterion of the set of one or more function criteria is satisfied. 
     In some embodiments, the set of one or more function criteria include a fourth function criterion that is satisfied when the one or more characters include (e.g., end with) an end-of-sentence character (e.g., the one or more characters a single character, and the single character is an end-of-sentence character, such as a period, a question mark, and an exclamation mark). In some embodiments, the set of one or more function criteria is satisfied when a single criterion of the set of one or more function criteria is satisfied. 
     In some embodiments, while the one or more characters are entered in the text input field and displaying the set of functions in the adaptive toolbar, wherein display of the set of functions in the adaptive tool bar includes display of a first function option, the electronic device detects activation of the first function option. In some embodiments, while the one or more characters are entered in the text input field and displaying the set of functions in the adaptive toolbar, wherein display of the set of functions in the adaptive tool bar includes display of a first function option, in response to detecting activation of the first function option, the electronic device initiates a process for adjusting a visual characteristic of (e.g., changing a style (bold, italicize, underline, strikethrough, character color, character background color) at least the one or more characters (e.g., the one or more characters, other characters) entered in the text input field. In some embodiments, detecting activation of the first function option results in automatically (e.g., without requiring additional user input) changing a visual characteristic of the content or the one or more characters (or other selected characters) displayed in the text input field. In some embodiments, detecting activation of the first function option does not cause display of suggested input terms in the adaptive toolbar. In some embodiments, detecting activation of the first function option results in display of a user interface that includes a plurality of character modification options. In some embodiments, activation of a respective character modification option changes a visual characteristic of the content or the one or more characters (or other selected characters) in the text input field. 
     In some embodiments, while the one or more characters are entered in the text input field and displaying the set of functions in the adaptive toolbar, wherein display of the set of functions in the adaptive tool bar includes display of a second function option (e.g., that is different from the first function option, and displayed concurrently with the first function option), the electronic device detects activation of the second function option. In some embodiments, while the one or more characters are entered in the text input field and displaying the set of functions in the adaptive toolbar, wherein display of the set of functions in the adaptive tool bar includes display of a second function option (e.g., that is different from the first function option, and displayed concurrently with the first function option), in response to detecting activation of the second function option, the electronic device initiates a process for displaying (e.g., inserting) a media item (e.g., an image, a video) in the text input field (e.g., adjacent to the one or more characters displayed in the text field). 
     In some embodiments, detecting activation of the second function option results in display of one or more navigable user interfaces for receiving selection of the media item to be displayed in the text input field. In some embodiments, the one or more navigable user interfaces include a camera media user interface that includes a plurality of representations of media items captured using a camera application of the electronic device. In some embodiments, the one or more navigable user interfaces include a camera user interface that includes a viewfinder of a camera application and one or more options for capturing a media item (e.g., an image, a video) using a camera of the electronic device. In some embodiments, the one or more navigable user interfaces include a document scanning interface that includes a viewfinder of a document scanning application and one or more options for capturing a visual copy of a document (e.g., a paper document) using a camera of the electronic device. In some embodiments, the one or more navigable user interfaces include a file access interface that includes a view of a file structure (e.g., folders, directories, categories) of the electronic device and one or more options for selecting a file for insertion into the text input field. In some embodiments, detecting activation of the second function option causes replacement of the keyboard with a user interface corresponding to the second function option. 
     In some embodiments, while the one or more characters are entered in the text input field and displaying the second suggested input term in the adaptive toolbar, the electronic device detects a first input gesture at a location corresponding to the adaptive toolbar (e.g., detecting activation of a mode affordance, detecting a swipe gesture (left swipe gesture, right swipe gesture)). In some embodiments, in response to detecting the first input gesture at the location corresponding to the adaptive toolbar, the electronic device updates the adaptive toolbar to replace display of the second suggested input term with display of the set of functions (e.g., one or more functions that do not correspond to suggested input terms, and without displaying the second suggested input term (or any suggested input terms)). 
     In some embodiments, while the one or more characters are entered in the text input field and displaying the second suggested input term in the adaptive toolbar, the electronic device displays, on the display device, a mode affordance (e.g., in the toolbar, adjacent to the second suggested input term, a left-facing chevron). In some embodiments, the first input gesture at the location corresponding to the adaptive toolbar is an activation of the mode affordance. In some embodiments, the mode affordance is not displayed when the adaptive toolbar is displaying suggested input terms (as compared to the set of functions), and detecting the same input gesture at the location corresponding to the adaptive toolbar does not replace the second suggested input term with the set of functions. 
     In some embodiments, the first input gesture at the location corresponding to the adaptive toolbar is a swipe gesture (e.g., a left swipe gesture) that starts at a location corresponding to the adaptive toolbar (e.g., on the adaptive toolbar, on the mode affordance). In some embodiments, detecting the swipe gesture causes the second the mode affordance slide off the display in the same direction as the swipe gesture was detected, and the causes the set of functions to slide onto the display in the same direction as the swipe gesture was detected. 
     In some embodiments, while displaying the set of functions in the adaptive toolbar, the electronic device receives input of a second set of one or more characters (e.g., alphanumeric characters entered using a keyboard displayed on a touch screen device that incorporates the display device; unicode characters). In some embodiments, in response to receiving input of the second set of one or more characters, in accordance with a determination, based on the second set of one or more characters, that the set of one or more suggestion criteria is satisfied, the electronic device updates the adaptive toolbar to replace display of the set of functions with display of a third suggested input term, wherein the third suggested input term is based on the second set of one or more characters. In some embodiments, the electronic device identifies, based on the second set of one or more characters entered into the text input field, the third suggested input term prior to updating the adaptive toolbar to include the third suggested input term. In some embodiments, in response to receiving input of the second set of one or more characters, in accordance with a determination, based on the second set of one or more characters, that the set of one or more function criteria is satisfied, the electronic device maintains display of the adaptive toolbar (e.g., one or more functions that do not correspond to suggested input terms, and without displaying the third suggested input term (or any suggested input terms)). 
     Note that details of the processes described above with respect to method  900  (e.g.,  FIGS. 9A-9B ) are also applicable in an analogous manner to the methods described below and above. For example, methods  700  and  1100  optionally includes one or more of the characteristics of the various methods described above with reference to method  900 . For brevity, these details are not repeated below. 
       FIGS. 10A-10Q  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for accessing document functions, in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in  FIG. 11 . 
       FIG. 10A  depicts electronic device  600 , which is a smartphone with display  602 . Display  602  includes a touch-sensitive surface on which electronic device  600  can detect user gestures (e.g., tap, swipe, drag). In some embodiments, electronic device  600  is, or includes one or more features of, electronic device  100 ,  300 , or  500 . 
     At  FIG. 10A , electronic device  600  depicts inbox user interface  604  of an email application. Inbox user interface  604  includes multiple representations of email conversations (e.g.,  606   a - 606   c ). In some embodiments, an email conversation includes all emails in the same thread (e.g., with the same subject). A user performs a tap gesture to view the emails corresponding to representation  606   a . As a result, electronic device  600  detects tap gesture  608  at representation  606   a.    
     At  FIG. 10B , upon detecting tap gesture  608 , electronic device  600  displays conversation user interface  610  of the email application. Conversation user interface  610  includes multiple email messages (e.g.,  612   a - 612   b ). Since email message  612   a  has already been read (e.g., is in a read state), electronic device  600  displays emails message  612   a  in a compact state, as depicted in  FIG. 10B . In contrast, email message  612   b  has not been read (e.g., is in an unread state), and is thus displayed in an expanded state. 
     As shown in  FIG. 10B , email message  612   b  includes footer  618   a , which corresponds to email message  612   b  and does not correspond to email message  612   a . Footer  618   a  includes menu button  620   a , which is further discussed below, and delete button  622   a , which, when selected, initiates a process for deleting the corresponding email message (e.g.,  612   b ). 
     The user scrolls upward to view additional content (e.g., portion of an email message that is not yet displayed in  FIG. 10B ). As a result, while displaying conversation user interface  610 , electronic device  600  detects scroll gesture  614  with movement in the upward direction. 
     At  FIG. 10C , upon detecting scroll gesture  614 , electronic device  600  scrolls email message  612   b  upward (e.g., in the direction of scroll gesture  614 ). For illustrative purposes,  FIG. 10C  depicts threshold line  616   a , which marks a threshold for determining whether footer  618   a  scrolls upward with email message  612   b  or remains at the same location at the bottom of display  602 . In some embodiments, upon detecting scroll gesture  614 , electronic device  600  determines whether the bottom of scrolled email message  612   b  reaches passed threshold line  616   a . At  FIG. 10C , upon a determination that the bottom of scrolled email message  612   b  has not reached passed threshold line  616   a , electronic device  600  maintains display of footer  618   a  at the same location (e.g., the location at which footer  618   a  is displayed in  FIG. 10B ) while scrolling email message  612   b.    
     As shown in  FIG. 10C , the user continues to scroll upward to view additional content (e.g., portion of an email message that is not yet displayed in  FIG. 10C ) of email message  612   b . As a result, while displaying conversation user interface  610 , electronic device  600  continues to detect scroll gesture  614  with movement in the upward direction. 
     At  FIG. 10D , upon further detection of scroll gesture  614 , electronic device  600  scrolls email message  612   b  upward (e.g., in the direction of scroll gesture  614 ). In some embodiments, upon detection of scroll gesture  614 , electronic device  600  determines whether the bottom of scrolled email message  612   b  reaches passed threshold line  616   a . At  FIG. 10D , upon a determination that the bottom of scrolled email message  612   b  has not reached passed threshold line  616   a , electronic device  600  continues to maintain display of footer  618   a  at the same location (e.g., the location at which footer  618   a  is displayed in  FIGS. 10B-10C ) while scrolling email message  612   b.    
     As shown in  FIG. 10D , the user still continues to scroll upward to view additional content (e.g., portion of an email message that is not yet displayed in  FIG. 10D ) of email message  612   b . As a result, while displaying conversation user interface  610 , electronic device  600  still continues to detect scroll gesture  614  with movement in the upward direction. 
     At  FIG. 10E , upon further detection of scroll gesture  614 , electronic device  600  scrolls email message  612   b  upward (e.g., in the direction of scroll gesture  614 ). In some embodiments, upon detection of scroll gesture  614 , electronic device  600  determines whether the bottom of scrolled email message  612   b  reaches passed threshold line  616   a . At  FIG. 10E , upon a determination that the bottom of scrolled email message  612   b  has reached passed threshold line  616   a , electronic device  600  scrolls footer  618   a  upward with email message  612   b  (e.g., does not maintain display of footer  618   a  at the same location). As footer  618   a  scrolls upward, footer  618   a  remains contiguous with the bottom of email message  612   b.    
     As shown in  FIG. 10E , upon further detection of scroll gesture  614 , electronic device  600  also scrolls a new email message (e.g.,  612   c ) onto display  602  from the bottom edge of display  602 .  FIG. 10E  depicts email message  612   c  without a footer. For illustrative purposes,  FIG. 10E  depicts threshold line  616   b , which marks a threshold for determining whether to display footer  618   b  (e.g., by scrolling footer  618   b  onto display  602  from the bottom edge of display  602 ). In some embodiments, upon detection of scroll gesture  614 , electronic device  600  determines whether the top of scrolled email message  612   c  has reached passed threshold line  616   b . At  FIG. 10E , upon a determination that the top of scrolled email message  612   c  has not reached passed threshold line  616   b , electronic device  600  displays email message  612   c , but does not display footer  618   b.    
     At  FIG. 10E , the user still continues to scroll upward to view additional content (e.g., portion of an email message that is not yet displayed in  FIG. 10E ). As a result, while displaying conversation user interface  610 , electronic device  600  still continues to detect scroll gesture  614  with movement in the upward direction. 
     At  FIG. 10F , upon further detection of scroll gesture  614 , electronic device  600  scrolls email message  612   b  and email message  612   c  upward (e.g., in the direction of scroll gesture  614 ). In some embodiments, upon detection of scroll gesture  614 , electronic device  600  determines whether the top of scrolled email message  612   c  has reached passed (e.g., above) threshold line  616   b.    
     As depicted in  FIG. 10F , upon a determination that the top of scrolled email message  612   c  has reached passed threshold line  616   b , electronic device  600  displays at least a portion of footer  618   b  (e.g., by scrolling footer  618   b  onto display  602  from the bottom edge of display  602 ). Footer  618   b  corresponds to email message  612   c  and does not correspond to email message  612   b . Footer  618   b  includes menu button  620   b , which is further discussed below, and delete button  622   b , which, when selected, initiates a process for deleting the corresponding email message (e.g.,  612   c ). 
     At  FIG. 10F , the user still continues to scroll upward. As a result, while displaying conversation user interface  610 , electronic device  600  detects scroll gesture  614  and, in response, scrolls email message  612   c  and footer  618   b  upward (e.g., in the direction of scroll gesture  614 ), as shown in  FIG. 10G . 
       FIG. 10G  depicts footer  618   b  being fully displayed on display  602  (e.g., no portion of footer  618   b  is not being displayed) in response to the scroll gestures. Email message  612   c  is the most recent email message in the conversation. Because the most recent email message is displayed at the bottom of the conversation thread, there is no additional content to access by scrolling upward. In some embodiments, the most recent email message is displayed at the top of the conversation thread. 
     At  FIG. 10G , the user starts a new scroll gesture. As a result, while displaying conversation user interface  610 , electronic device  600  detects scroll gesture  624 . At  FIG. 10H , upon detecting scroll gesture  624 , electronic device  600  scrolls email message  612   c  and footer  618   b  upward. Upon liftoff of scroll gesture  624 , electronic device  600  automatically scrolls email message  612   c  and footer  618   b  back downward to their respective original locations, as shown in  FIG. 10I . 
     At  FIG. 10I , the user performs a tap gesture on menu button  620   b , which corresponds to email message  612   c . As a result, electronic device  600  detects tap gesture  626  at menu button  620   b.    
     At  FIG. 10J , upon detecting tap gesture  626 , electronic device  600  displays menu  628  in a compact state. Menu  628  is overlaid on top of a bottom portion of conversation user interface  610 . Menu  628  includes grabber icon  630 , which provides an indication that menu  628  can be interacted with (e.g., resized). The user performs a drag gesture to expand menu  628 . As a result, electronic device  600  detects drag gesture  632  at grabber icon  630  with movement in the upward direction. 
     At  FIG. 10K , upon detecting drag gesture  632 , electronic device  600  displays menu  628  in an expanded state. Further, electronic device  600  ceases to display email messages  612   b - 612   c  and their respective footers (e.g.,  618   a - 618   b ). 
     Menu  628  includes multiple options associated with email message  612   c . For example, menu  628  includes an option (e.g.,  648   a ) to reply to email message  612   c , an option (e.g.,  648   b ) to reply all to email message  612   c , an option (e.g.,  648   c ) to forward email message  612   c , an option (e.g.,  648   d ) to delete email message  612   c , options (e.g.,  648   e - 648   g ) to move email message  612   c  to a different folder, an option (e.g.,  648   h ) to mute notifications associated with email message  612   c , and an option (e.g.,  648   i ) to change the read status of email message  612   c.    
     As shown in  FIG. 10K , the user performs a tap gesture associated with an option different from those listed above. Specifically, the user performs a tap gesture to flag email message  612   c . As a result, electronic device detects tap gesture  634  at flag button  636 . 
     At  FIG. 10L , upon detecting tap gesture  634 , electronic device  600  associates email message  612   c  with a default flag (e.g.,  638   a ). Flagging an email message provides a user with the ability to easily look up the flagged email message at a later time. A user can categorize email messages using flags. For example, all email messages that have been flagged with flag  638   a  are categorized into one category. Similarly, all email messages that have been flagged with flag  638   b  are categorized into a different category. 
     As shown in  FIG. 10L , the user performs a tap gesture to change the flag associated with email message  612   c . As a result, electronic device  600  detects tap gesture  640  at flag  638   d.    
     At  FIG. 10M , upon detecting tap gesture  640 , electronic device  600  associates email message  612   c  with flag  638   d  instead of flag  638   a , such as by visually emphasizing flag  638   d . The user performs a tap gesture to return to conversation user interface  610 . As a result, electronic device  600  detects tap gesture  642  at exit button  644 . 
     At  FIG. 10N , upon detecting tap gesture  642 , electronic device  600  displays conversation user interface  610  with email messages  612   b - 612   c . In particular, electronic device  600  returns to the displayed state of conversation user interface  610  in  FIG. 10G .  FIGS. 10N-10Q  illustrate that scroll gesture  646  (e.g., a scroll gesture with movement in the opposite direction of scroll gesture  614 ) results in the same displayed user interfaces in  FIGS. 10B-10G , but in reverse order. For example,  FIG. 10N  depicts the same displayed state of conversation user interface  610  as that of  FIG. 10G . For illustrative purposes,  FIG. 10N  depicts threshold line  616   c , which marks a threshold for determining whether to cease display of at least a portion of footer  618   b  (e.g., by scrolling footer  618   b  off the bottom edge of display  602 ). In some embodiments, upon detection of scroll gesture  646 , electronic device  600  determines whether the top of the scrolled email message (e.g.,  612   c ) has reached passed threshold line  616   c . At  FIG. 10O , upon a determination that the top of the scrolled email message (e.g.,  612   c ) has reached passed threshold line  616   c , electronic device  600  ceases to display at least a portion of footer  618   b.    
     In contrast, upon a determination that the top of the scrolled email message (e.g.,  612   b ) has not reached passed threshold line  616   c , electronic device  600  continues displaying footer  618   a  (e.g., including the at least portion of footer  618   a ), as depicted in  FIGS. 10P-10Q . 
       FIG. 11  is a flow diagram illustrating a method for accessing document functions using an electronic device in accordance with some embodiments. Method  1100  is performed at a device (e.g.,  100 ,  300 ,  500 ,  600 ) with a display device. Some operations in method  1100  are, optionally, combined, the orders of some operations are, optionally, changed, and some operations are, optionally, omitted. 
     As described below, method  1100  provides an intuitive way for accessing document functions. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user for accessing document functions, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated computing devices, enabling a user to access document functions faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     The electronic device concurrently displays ( 1102 ), on the display device, a first portion of a first content (e.g., a message, an email) and a first footer (e.g.,  618   a ) at a first location on the display device. In some embodiments, the first footer corresponds to the first content. In some embodiments, the first footer includes affordances for performing functions on the first content, such as deleting the first content and initiating a process for responding to a sender of the first content. 
     In some embodiments, the first content is a first message (e.g.,  612   b , an email message). In some embodiments, the first footer of the first message includes a first reply affordance (e.g.,  620   a ). 
     In some embodiments, the first content is a first message (e.g., an email message). In some embodiments, the first footer of the first message includes a first delete affordance. In some embodiments, activation of the first delete affordance deletes the first message. In some embodiments, activation of the first delete affordance displays a confirmation menu for confirming whether to delete the first message. 
     In some embodiments, while displaying the first footer, the electronic device detects a first user input. In some embodiments, in response to detecting the first user input, in accordance with a determination that the first user input corresponds to activation of the first reply affordance, the electronic device displays an options menu that includes a first set of one or more options (and does not include a second set of one or more options) for performing operations on the first message (e.g., an option for initiating a process for transmitting a second message based on the first message (e.g., replying to the first message, forwarding the first message, displaying a draft reply email that includes the sender of the first message in the to-field of the draft message, displaying a menu of options for replying, replying-all, and forwarding the first message)). 
     In some embodiments, the first set of one or more options include one or more of a first option, which when activated (e.g., selected), initiates a process to delete the first message, a second option, which when activated (e.g., selected), initiates a process to reply to the first message, a third option, which when activated (e.g., selected), changes the read status of the first message, a fourth option, which when activated (e.g., selected), initiates a process for moving the first message, and a fifth option, which when activated (e.g., selected), mutes notifications for a message conversation of which the first message is a part of. 
     In some embodiments, the first set of one or more options includes a sixth option, which when activated, displays a plurality of color options for flagging the first message. In some embodiments, the electronic device detects activation of (e.g., tap on) the sixth option. In some embodiments, in response to detecting activation of the sixth option, the electronic device displays the plurality of color options for flagging the first message. In some embodiments, the electronic device detects a third user input on a respective color option of the plurality of color options. In some embodiments, in response to detecting the third user input, the electronic device sets a flag of the respective color for the first message. 
     In some embodiments, while displaying the first footer, the electronic device detects a first user input. In some embodiments, in response to detecting the first user input, in accordance with a determination that the first user input corresponds to activation of the first delete affordance, the electronic device initiates a process for deleting the first message (e.g., displaying a confirmation user interface for deleting the first message, deleting the first message). 
     In some embodiments, while displaying the options menu, the electronic device detects a second user input. In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the second user input corresponds to a request to expand the options menu, the electronic device expands the options menu to currently display, on the display device, a second set of one or more options with the first set of one or more options. In some embodiments, the second set of one or more options are for performing operations (e.g., move to junk, block sender, move to archive, print) on the first message. 
     The electronic device detects ( 1104 ) a scroll input (e.g.,  614 , a (vertical) swipe gesture, rotation of a rotatable input mechanism). In some embodiments, the scroll input is directed to (e.g., a gesture performed on) the first content. 
     In response ( 1106 ) to detecting the scroll input, in accordance with ( 1108 ) a determination that (e.g., based on scrolling the first content based on the magnitude of the scroll input) a set of footer-maintaining criteria is satisfied for the first content, wherein the set of footer-maintaining criteria include a first criterion that is satisfied when a bottom of the first content is not scrolled to above a first threshold location on the display device, the electronic device scrolls ( 1110 ), on the display device, the first content (e.g.,  612   b ) based on a (non-zero) magnitude of the scroll input and maintains ( 1112 ), at the first location on the display device, the first footer (e.g.,  618   a  at  FIG. 10B-10D ). 
     Scrolling or not scrolling the footer based on the set of footer-maintaining criteria allows the footer to be available without unnecessarily consuming display space and without requiring further user input. Preserving display space and performing an operation when a set of conditions has been met without requiring further user input enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, the set of footer-maintaining criteria includes a second criterion that is satisfied when a threshold (non-zero) amount (e.g., 100 pixels worth, 3 lines worth, one-third, one-half, two-thirds) of the first content is displayed (e.g., in conjunction with the top off the content being displayed (when, for example, the content is being scrolled up onto the display from the bottom of the display), in conjunction with the bottom off the content not being displayed. In some embodiments, when the device detects input that begins to scroll the first content down on the display, the electronic device determines whether a threshold amount of the first content is remaining displayed. In accordance with less than the threshold amount being displayed, the electronic device ceases to display the footer (e.g., scrolls the footer off the bottom of the display in conjunction with scrolling the first content). 
     In some embodiments, when the electronic device detects input that begins to scroll the first content onto the display from the bottom of the display, a threshold amount of the content is scrolled onto the display first before the first footer is scrolled onto the display. Once the first footer is fully scrolled onto the display and displayed at the first location, the first footer is maintained at the first location until an end (bottom) of the first content is reached. Once the end of the first content is reached, scrolling the first content up causes the first footer to scroll up (e.g., to the second location) in conjunction with the first content. 
     In some embodiments, the set of footer-maintaining criteria includes a third criterion that is not satisfied when a top of the first content is displayed below a second threshold location on the display device. Thus, in some embodiments, when the top of the displayed first content is too far down on the display, the device does not display the first footer (at the first location or at any location) on the display device. In some embodiments, the set of footer-maintaining criteria includes a criterion that is satisfied when a top of the first content is not displayed below a second threshold location on the display device. 
     In response ( 1106 ) to detecting the scroll input, in accordance with ( 1116 ) a determination that (e.g., based on scrolling the first content based on the magnitude of the scroll input) the set of footer-maintaining criteria is not satisfied for the first content, the electronic device scrolls ( 1118 ), on the display device, the first content based on the (non-zero) magnitude of the scroll input and ceases ( 1120 ) to display, at the first location on the display device, the first footer (e.g.,  618   a  at  FIG. 10E-10F , continuing to display the footer but scrolling the footer away from the first location to a second location different from the first location, scrolling the footer up, scrolling the footer down and off of the display device). 
     In some embodiments, in accordance with the determination that (e.g., based on scrolling the first content based on the magnitude of the scroll input) the set of footer-maintaining criteria is satisfied for the first content and that the scroll input corresponds to a first direction (e.g., swipe up), scrolling the first content based on the magnitude of the scroll input includes scrolling the first content in the first direction to display a second portion of the first content concurrently with the first portion of the first content. In some embodiments, the second portion of the first content is different from the first portion of the first content (e.g., the end of the message is not already displayed, so scrolling up causes additional portions of the message to be displayed). 
     In some embodiments, in accordance with the determination that (e.g., based on scrolling the first content based on the magnitude of the scroll input) the set of footer-maintaining criteria is satisfied for the first content and that the scroll input corresponds to a second direction (e.g., swipe down, different from the first direction), scrolling the first content based on the magnitude of the scroll input includes scrolling the first content in the second direction to cease to display at least a part of the first portion of the first content (e.g., the end of the message is not already displayed, and scrolling down causes portions of the message to go off the display). 
     In some embodiments, in accordance with the determination that (e.g., based on scrolling the first content based on the magnitude of the scroll input) the set of footer-maintaining criteria is not satisfied for the first content and that the scroll input corresponds to a first direction (e.g., swipe up): scrolling the first content based on the magnitude of the scroll input includes, scrolling the first content in the first direction without displaying a second portion of the first content (e.g., different from the first portion of the first document, the end of the message is already displayed, so scrolling up does not cause additional portions to be displayed). In some embodiments, in accordance with the determination that (e.g., based on scrolling the first content based on the magnitude of the scroll input) the set of footer-maintaining criteria is not satisfied for the first content and that the scroll input corresponds to a first direction (e.g., swipe up), ceasing to display, at the first location on the display device, the first footer includes continuing to display, on the display device, the first footer by scrolling the first footer in the first direction to a second location on that display device that is different from the first location (e.g. scrolling the first footer up without scrolling the first footer off the top of the display). 
     In some embodiments, in accordance with the determination that (e.g., based on scrolling the first content based on the magnitude of the scroll input) the set of footer-maintaining criteria is not satisfied for the first content and that the scroll input corresponds to a second direction (e.g., swipe down, different from the first direction), scrolling the first content based on the magnitude of the scroll input includes scrolling the first content while continuing to display the first portion of the first content (e.g., the bottom of the message not at the bottom of the display, scrolling down does not cause the bottom of the message to go off the display). In some embodiments, in accordance with the determination that (e.g., based on scrolling the first content based on the magnitude of the scroll input) the set of footer-maintaining criteria is not satisfied for the first content and that the scroll input corresponds to a second direction (e.g., swipe down, different from the first direction), ceasing to display, at the first location on the display device, the first footer includes ceasing to display, on the display device, the first footer by scrolling the first footer in the second direction (e.g. scrolling the first footer off of the bottom of the display). 
     In some embodiments, in response to detecting the scroll input, the electronic device scrolls, onto the display device, a first portion of a second content (e.g., without displaying a footer corresponding to the second content, and without displaying a second portion of the second content). In some embodiments, in response to detecting the scroll input, in accordance with a determination that (e.g., based on scrolling the second content based on the magnitude of the scroll input) the set of footer-displaying criteria (e.g., the footer-maintaining criteria) is satisfied for the second content, wherein the set of footer-displaying criteria includes the first criterion that is satisfied when a bottom of the second content is not scrolled to above a first threshold location on the display device, the electronic device scrolls, on the display device, the second content based on the (non-zero) magnitude of the scroll input (e.g., to concurrently display, with the first portion of the second content, a second portion of the second content). In some embodiments, in response to detecting the scroll input, in accordance with a determination that (e.g., based on scrolling the second content based on the magnitude of the scroll input) the set of footer-displaying criteria (e.g., the footer-maintaining criteria) is satisfied for the second content, wherein the set of footer-displaying criteria includes the first criterion that is satisfied when a bottom of the second content is not scrolled to above a first threshold location on the display device, the electronic device displays, at the first location on the display device, a second footer corresponding to the second content. In some embodiments, in response to detecting the scroll input, in accordance with a determination that (e.g., based on scrolling the second content based on the magnitude of the scroll input) the set of footer-displaying criteria is not satisfied for the second content, the electronic device scrolls, on the display device, the second content based on the (non-zero) magnitude of the scroll input. In some embodiments, in response to detecting the scroll input, in accordance with a determination that (e.g., based on scrolling the second content based on the magnitude of the scroll input) the set of footer-displaying criteria is not satisfied for the second content, the electronic device forgoes displaying, at the first location on the display device, the second footer (e.g., display the second footer at a location different from the first location, not displaying the second footer). In some embodiments, the first content is a first message and the second content is a second message, and the first message and the second message are different messages (e.g., email messages) that are part of the same message conversation. 
     Displaying a second footer for a second content based on whether the set of footer-displaying criteria (e.g., the footer-maintaining criteria) is satisfied for the second content allows the functionality of the footer to be available when the user is likely to need it without unnecessarily using display space and without requiring further user input. Preserving display space and performing an operation when a set of conditions has been met without requiring further user input enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. 
     Note that details of the processes described above with respect to method  1100  (e.g.,  FIG. 11 ) are also applicable in an analogous manner to the methods described above. For example, methods  700  and  900  optionally includes one or more of the characteristics of the various methods described above with reference to method  1100 . For brevity, these details are not repeated below. 
     The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the techniques and their practical applications. Others skilled in the art are thereby enabled to best utilize the techniques and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. 
     Although the disclosure and examples have been fully described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be noted that various changes and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications are to be understood as being included within the scope of the disclosure and examples as defined by the claims. 
     As described above, one aspect of the present technology is the gathering and use of data available from various sources to provide word and contact information suggestions to them. The present disclosure contemplates that in some instances, this gathered data may include personal information data that uniquely identifies or can be used to contact or locate a specific person. Such personal information data can include demographic data, location-based data, telephone numbers, email addresses, twitter IDs, home addresses, or any other identifying or personal information. 
     The present disclosure recognizes that the use of such personal information data, in the present technology, can be used to the benefit of users. For example, the personal information data can be used to provide relevant word and contact information suggestions. Further, other uses for personal information data that benefit the user are also contemplated by the present disclosure. 
     The present disclosure contemplates that the entities responsible for the collection, analysis, disclosure, transfer, storage, or other use of such personal information data will comply with well-established privacy policies and/or privacy practices. In particular, such entities should implement and consistently use privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining personal information data private and secure. Such policies should be easily accessible by users, and should be updated as the collection and/or use of data changes. Personal information from users should be collected for legitimate and reasonable uses of the entity and not shared or sold outside of those legitimate uses. Further, such collection/sharing should occur after receiving the informed consent of the users. Additionally, such entities should consider taking any needed steps for safeguarding and securing access to such personal information data and ensuring that others with access to the personal information data adhere to their privacy policies and procedures. Further, such entities can subject themselves to evaluation by third parties to certify their adherence to widely accepted privacy policies and practices. In addition, policies and practices should be adapted for the particular types of personal information data being collected and/or accessed and adapted to applicable laws and standards, including jurisdiction-specific considerations. For instance, in the US, collection of or access to certain health data may be governed by federal and/or state laws, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA); whereas health data in other countries may be subject to other regulations and policies and should be handled accordingly. Hence different privacy practices should be maintained for different personal data types in each country. 
     Despite the foregoing, the present disclosure also contemplates embodiments in which users selectively block the use of, or access to, personal information data. That is, the present disclosure contemplates that hardware and/or software elements can be provided to prevent or block access to such personal information data. For example, in the word and contact information suggestions, the present technology can be configured to allow users to select to “opt in” or “opt out” of participation in the collection of personal information data during registration for services or anytime thereafter. In addition to providing “opt in” and “opt out” options, the present disclosure contemplates providing notifications relating to the access or use of personal information. For instance, a user may be notified upon downloading an app that their personal information data will be accessed and then reminded again just before personal information data is accessed by the app. 
     Moreover, it is the intent of the present disclosure that personal information data should be managed and handled in a way to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use. Risk can be minimized by limiting the collection of data and deleting data once it is no longer needed. In addition, and when applicable, including in certain health related applications, data de-identification can be used to protect a user&#39;s privacy. De-identification may be facilitated, when appropriate, by removing specific identifiers (e.g., date of birth, etc.), controlling the amount or specificity of data stored (e.g., collecting location data a city level rather than at an address level), controlling how data is stored (e.g., aggregating data across users), and/or other methods. 
     Therefore, although the present disclosure broadly covers use of personal information data to implement one or more various disclosed embodiments, the present disclosure also contemplates that the various embodiments can also be implemented without the need for accessing such personal information data. That is, the various embodiments of the present technology are not rendered inoperable due to the lack of all or a portion of such personal information data. For example, terms can be suggested by inferring preferences based on non-personal information data or a bare minimum amount of personal information, such as the content being requested by the device associated with a user or publicly available information.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20210712
Publication Date: 20220531
Grant Date: 20220531
Priority Date: 20190601
Inventors: GARCIA, III, Robert
VAN OS, MARCEL
WESKAMP, MARCOS
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G06F3/0481", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F40/274", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0488", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F40/166", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0488", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F40/166", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04842", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06Q10/107", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0482", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0482", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F40/274", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F40/166", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0488", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F40/274", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0482", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 73549717