PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-9480155-B2
Application Number: US-201414328565-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Flexible cables in electronic devices with moving components

Abstract:
An electronic device may have a housing. Electrical components such as a display and other circuitry may be mounted in the housing. The housing may have portions that move with respect to each other such as a lid that rotates relative to a base. A flexible printed circuit may have metal lines that couple components in one portion of the housing to components in another portion of the housing. As the housing portions move with respect to each other, the flexible printed circuit bends. Reliability may be enhanced for the flexible printed circuit by providing the metal layer that forms the metal lines with upper and lower coating layers. The coating layers may be formed from metal with a higher Young&#39;s modulus than a metal core in the metal layer. A slot may be formed along the length of the flexible printed circuit to help increase the minimum bend radius exhibited by the flexible printed circuit. Upper and lower metal shield layers may be provided above and below the metal traces.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An electronic device, comprising:
 a housing having a base and having a lid that rotates relative to the base; and 
 a flexible printed circuit having a metal layer that is patterned to form metal traces including signal traces and ground traces, wherein the metal layer has first and second metal coating layers on opposing upper and lower surfaces of a metal core layer, wherein the first metal coating layer coats all of the upper surface of the metal core layer, wherein the second metal coating layer coats all of the lower surfaces of the metal core layer, and wherein the first and second metal coating layers have a higher Young&#39;s modulus than the metal core layer and prevent cracking in the metal core layer. 
 
     
     
       2. The electronic device defined in  claim 1  wherein the metal core layer comprises copper. 
     
     
       3. The electronic device defined in  claim 2  wherein the first and second metal coating layers comprise a material selected from the group consisting of: cobalt, copper, and nickel. 
     
     
       4. The electronic device defined in  claim 3  wherein the first and second metal coating layers each have a thickness of less than 2 microns. 
     
     
       5. The electronic device defined in  claim 4  wherein the metal core layer has a thickness of 5-20 microns. 
     
     
       6. The electronic device defined in  claim 1  wherein the flexible printed circuit has a polymer substrate layer on which the metal layer is formed. 
     
     
       7. The electronic device defined in  claim 6  wherein the metal layer has opposing first and second surfaces, wherein the polymer substrate layer is on the first surface and wherein the flexible printed circuit has a coverlay on the second surface. 
     
     
       8. The electronic device defined in  claim 7  wherein the coverlay and the polymer substrate have relative thickness values that position a neutral stress plane for the flexible printed circuit within one of the first and second metal coating layers. 
     
     
       9. The electronic device defined in  claim 7  wherein the coverlay and the polymer substrate have relative thickness values that position a neutral stress plane for the flexible printed circuit within the metal core layer. 
     
     
       10. The electronic device defined in  claim 7  wherein the flexible printed circuit has a length, wherein the metal traces run along the length, and wherein the coverlay has slots that run along the length. 
     
     
       11. The electronic device defined in  claim 10  wherein the slots in the coverlay are aligned with the ground traces. 
     
     
       12. The electronic device defined in  claim 11  further comprising a metal shield layer on the coverlay, wherein the metal shield layer is shorted to the ground traces through the slots in the coverlay. 
     
     
       13. The electronic device defined in  claim 1  wherein the flexible printed circuit has a slot that runs lengthwise along a central portion of the flexible printed circuit. 
     
     
       14. The electronic device defined in  claim 13  wherein the signal traces include a first set of signal traces that run along a left side of the slot and a second set of signal traces that run along a right side of the slot and wherein the metal traces include a first ground trace on a left edge of the first set of signal traces, a second ground trace on a right edge of the first set of signal traces and a left side of the slot, a third ground trace on a left edge of the second set of signal traces and a right side of the slot, and a fourth ground line on a right edge of the second set of signal traces. 
     
     
       15. The electronic device defined in  claim 14  wherein the flexible printed circuit further comprises:
 a lower metal shield layer under the metal traces; 
 an upper metal shield layer above the metal traces; and 
 a coverlay between the upper metal shield and the metal traces, wherein the coverlay has slots that are aligned with the first, second, third, and fourth ground traces through which the upper metal shield is shorted to the first, second, third, and fourth ground traces. 
 
     
     
       16. A flexible printed circuit, comprising:
 an upper metal shield layer; 
 a lower metal shield layer; 
 a polymer substrate between the upper metal shield layer and the lower metal shield layer; and 
 a metal layer on the polymer substrate that is patterned to form metal traces, wherein the metal layer has first and second metal coating layers on opposing upper and lower surfaces of a metal core layer, wherein the first metal coating layer coats all of the upper surface of the metal core layer, wherein the second metal coating layer coats all of the lower surfaces of the metal core layer, wherein the metal core layer has a first Young&#39;s modulus, and wherein the first and second metal coating layers have a second Young&#39;s modulus that is greater than the first Young&#39;s modulus. 
 
     
     
       17. The flexible printed circuit defined in  claim 16  wherein the metal core layer comprises copper, wherein the first and second metal coating layers comprise a material selected from the group consisting of: cobalt, copper, and nickel, and wherein the first and second metal coating layers each have a thickness of less than 2 microns, the flexible printed circuit further comprising:
 coverlay between the upper metal shield layer and the metal traces, wherein the coverlay has slots aligned with ground lines in the metal traces and wherein the flexible printed circuit has a slot that passes through the upper metal shield, the lower metal shield, the polymer substrate, the metal layer, and the coverlay. 
 
     
     
       18. An electronic device, comprising:
 a first housing structure containing first circuitry; 
 a second housing structure that contains second circuitry and that moves relative to the first housing structure; and 
 a flexible printed circuit that extends between the first housing structure and the second housing structure and that has metal traces that couple the first circuitry to the second circuitry, wherein the flexible printed circuit comprises:
 an upper metal shield layer; 
 a lower metal shield layer; 
 a polymer substrate between the upper metal shield layer and the lower metal shield layer; 
 a metal layer on the polymer substrate that is patterned to form metal traces, wherein the metal layer has first and second metal coating layers on opposing upper and lower surfaces of a metal core layer, wherein the flexible printed circuit has a length, and wherein the metal traces run along the length; and 
 a dielectric cover layer formed between the upper metal shield layer and the metal layer, wherein the flexible printed circuit further comprises an elongated slot in the dielectric cover layer that runs along the length, wherein the elongated slot is aligned with a ground trace, and wherein the ground trace is shorted to the upper metal shield layer through the elongated slot. 
 
 
     
     
       19. The electronic device defined in  claim 18  wherein the metal core layer has a first Young&#39;s modulus, and wherein the first and second metal coating layers have a second Young&#39;s modulus that is greater than the first Young&#39;s modulus.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     This relates generally to electronic devices, and more particularly, to electronic devices containing electrical components that move with respect to each other. 
     Electronic devices such as portable computers have displays for displaying images for a user. In a typical configuration, a portable computer has a housing that includes a lid and a base that are attached to each other by a hinge. A keyboard is mounted in the base. The display of the portable computer is mounted in the lid. 
     There can be challenges involved in conveying signals between moving components in an electronic device. For example, it can be difficult to effectively couple circuitry in the base of a portable computer and the display in the lid. Some computers use a bulky wiring harness that includes a coaxial cable. Other computers use a flexible printed circuit cable that is wrapped in a spiral shape. Configurations such as these may allow rotation of the lid relative to the base, but can require bulky hinge structures to provide sufficient space to accommodate the wiring harness or spiral flexible printed circuit. If care is not taken, signal lines that extend between the base and lid through a hinge may become weakened due to movement of the hinge. 
     It would therefore be desirable to provide improved ways in which to couple circuitry between parts of an electronic device that move relative to each other such as the base and lid of a portable computer. 
     SUMMARY 
     An electronic device may have a housing. Electrical components such as a display and other components may be mounted in the housing. The housing may have portions that move with respect to each other such as a lid that rotates relative to a base. A flexible printed circuit may have metal lines that couple components in one portion of the housing to components in another portion of the housing. As the housing portions move with respect to each other, the flexible printed circuit bends. 
     The metal lines of the flexible printed circuit may be formed from a patterned metal layer on a polymer substrate. A coverlay may cover the metal layer. Upper and lower metal shielding layers may be provided above the coverlay and below the polymer substrate, respectively. Slots in the coverlay may be aligned with ground lines in the metal lines to short the upper metal shielding layer to the ground lines. 
     The metal layer of the flexible printed circuit may be formed from a core layer having upper and lower surfaces. Coating layers may be formed on the upper and lower surfaces. The core layer may be characterized by a Young&#39;s modulus. The coating layers may be formed from metals that exhibit a Young&#39;s modulus that is greater than the Young&#39;s modulus of the core layer. This helps prevent the initiation of stress-induced cracking in the core layer when the flexible printed circuit bends. Reliability may also be enhance by forming a slot along the length of the flexible printed circuit to help increase the minimum bend radius exhibited by the flexible printed circuit when the flexible printed circuit is bent. 
     Further features of the invention, its nature and various advantages will be more apparent from the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of an illustrative electronic device such as a laptop computer of the type that may be provided with a conductive path to couple circuitry in a housing base to circuitry in a housing lid in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 2  is diagram showing how a flexible printed circuit cable may be used to couple circuits in different parts of an electronic device that move relative to each other in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional end view of a hinge portion of a portable computer in a closed position showing how a flexible printed circuit can be used to route signals circuitry in a base of the portable computer and a display or other circuitry in a lid of the portable computer in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional end view of the hinge portion of the portable computer of  FIG. 3  in an open position in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 5  is a top view of a portion of an illustrative flexible printed circuit with a slot that is located in the center of the flexible printed circuit and that runs along the length of the flexible printed circuit in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 6  is a diagram showing how a slot that runs along the length of a flexible printed circuit cable such as the cable of  FIG. 5  may help to prevent formation of an overly small bend radius in the cable when in a bent configuration in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 7  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative flexible printed circuit of the type that may be used in interconnecting circuits in different parts of an electronic device that move relative to each other. 
         FIG. 8  is a flow chart of illustrative steps involved in forming an electronic device having printed circuits of the type shown in  FIG. 7  in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 9  is a top view of illustrative ground lines and non-ground signal lines such as analog and digital data lines in a flexible printed circuit in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 10  is a top view of an illustrative coverlay pattern that may be used in a flexible printed circuit in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 11  is an exploded cross-sectional side view of a portion of a flexible printed circuit with metal traces of the type shown in  FIG. 9  in accordance with an embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Electronic devices may have housing structures or other parts containing electrical components that move with respect to each other. The electrical components may be electrically coupled to each other using a cable. The cable may be formed from a flexible printed circuit. The components that are interconnected in this way may be input-output components such as displays, keyboards, and track pads, may be audio components, may be integrated circuits mounted on a printed circuit substrate, or may be other components. Illustrative devices with moving parts such as portable computers and other devices with displays are sometimes described herein as an example. This is, however, merely illustrative. Any suitable electronic device with portions that move relative to each other may contain a flexible printed circuit cable, if desired. 
     An electronic device of the type that may be provided with a display and a flexible printed circuit cable coupled to the display is shown in  FIG. 1 . As shown in  FIG. 1 , electronic device  10  may have portions that move relative to each other such as upper housing  12 A and lower housing  12 B. Lower housing  12 B may sometimes be referred to as a main housing, base housing, or base. Upper housing  12 A may sometimes be referred to as a lid or display housing. 
     Electronic device  10  of  FIG. 1  may be a portable computer or other electronic device that has a folding lid or may be other electronic equipment. Device  10  may have two housing structures or other portions that move relative to each other or may have three or more moving structures. In the illustrative configuration of  FIG. 1 , device  10  has a first portion (upper housing  12 A) that moves relative to a second portion (lower housing  12 B), but additional portions of device  10  may move relative to the first and second portions if desired. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , components such as keyboard  16  and touchpad  18  may be mounted on lower housing (base)  12 B. Base  12 B may also be used to house components such as a disk drive, audio components such as speakers, digital and analog signal ports, removable media slots, and other components. Device  10  may have hinge structures in region  20  that allow upper housing (lid)  12 A to rotate in directions  22  about rotational axis  24  relative to base  12 B. Display  14  may be mounted in lid  12 A. Lid  12 A may be placed in a closed position by rotating upper housing  12 A towards lower housing  12 B about rotational axis  24 . Illustrative device  10  of FIG.  1  has housing structures that rotate relative to each other. In general, device  10  may have portions that rotate relative to each other, that laterally translate relative to each other, or that exhibit other types of relative movement. 
     Housing  12  of device  10 , which is sometimes referred to as a case, may be formed of materials such as plastic, glass, ceramics, carbon-fiber composites and other fiber-based composites, metal (e.g., machined aluminum, stainless steel, or other metals), other materials, or a combination of these materials. Device  10  may be formed using a unibody construction in which most or all of housing  12  is formed from a single structural element (e.g., a piece of machined metal or a piece of molded plastic) or may be formed from multiple housing structures (e.g., outer housing structures that have been mounted to internal frame elements or other internal housing structures). 
     Display  14  may be a touch sensitive display that includes a touch sensor or may be insensitive to touch. Touch sensors for display  14  may be formed from an array of capacitive touch sensor electrodes, a resistive touch array, touch sensor structures based on acoustic touch, optical touch, or force-based touch technologies, or other suitable touch sensor components. 
     Display  14  for device  10  includes display pixels formed from liquid crystal display (LCD) components, organic light-emitting diode display components, electrophoretic display components, plasma display components, or other suitable display pixel structures. For example, display  14  may be a color liquid crystal display. 
     A display cover layer may cover the surface of display  14  or a display layer such as a color filter layer, thin-film transistor layer, or other portion of a display may be used as the outermost (or nearly outermost) layer in display  14 . The outermost display layer may be formed from a transparent glass sheet, a clear plastic layer, or other transparent member. 
     A diagram of an illustrative configuration that may be used for coupling electrical components in moving parts of an electronic device such as upper housing  12 A and lower housing  12 B of electronic device  10  is shown in  FIG. 2 . As shown in  FIG. 2 , electronic device  10  may include control circuitry and input-output circuitry such as circuitry  54 . Circuitry  54  may include storage such as hard disk drive storage, nonvolatile memory (e.g., flash memory or other electrically-programmable-read-only memory configured to form a solid state drive), volatile memory (e.g., static or dynamic random-access-memory), etc. Processing circuitry in control circuitry  54  may be used to control the operation of device  10 . The processing circuitry may be based on one or more microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, baseband processors, power management units, audio codec chips, application specific integrated circuits, etc. The storage and processing circuitry of circuitry  54  may be used to run software on device  10 , such as internet browsing applications, voice-over-internet-protocol (VOIP) telephone call applications, email applications, media playback applications (e.g., applications that display moving and still images on display  14 ), operating system functions, etc. To support interactions with external equipment, circuitry  54  may be used in implementing communications protocols. Communications protocols that may be implemented using circuitry  54  include internet protocols, wireless local area network protocols (e.g., IEEE 802.11 protocols—sometimes referred to as WiFi®), protocols for other short-range wireless communications links such as the Bluetooth® protocol, cellular telephone protocols, etc. Circuitry  54  may include input-output circuitry. The input-output circuitry may be used to allow data to be supplied to device  10  and to allow data to be provided from device  10  to external devices. The input-output circuitry of circuitry  54  may include input-output devices such as touch screens, buttons, joysticks, scrolling wheels, touch pads, key pads, keyboards, light-emitting diodes and other status indicators, data ports, and audio components such as microphones and speakers. Circuitry  54  may also include sensors. For example, circuitry  54  may include an ambient light sensor, a proximity sensor, an accelerometer, and other sensor structures. Wireless communications circuitry and other communications circuitry in circuitry  54  may allow device  10  to communicate with external equipment. 
     Electrical components such as the components of circuitry  54  may be mounted in lower housing  12 B and may therefore move relative to components mounted in upper housing  12 A such as display  14 . Display  14  may include an array of pixels. The pixels of display  14  may be, for example, liquid crystal display pixels formed on one or more display layers (e.g., polarizers, a color filter layer, a thin-film transistor layer, and a layer of liquid crystal material interposed between the color filter layer and the thin-film transistor layer, and other display layers). 
     Display circuitry such as a timing controller integrated circuit, gate driver circuitry, and column driver integrated circuits may be used in controlling the array of pixels in display  14  to present images on display  14  for a user of device  10 . Column driver circuitry may provide data signals to data lines that run vertically through display  14 . Gate driver circuitry may be used to assert a control signal on horizontal control lines. Some display driver circuitry may be formed from thin-film circuits on a thin-film transistor layer or other substrate in the display layers of display  14 . Other display driver circuitry may be formed from integrated circuits and may be mounted in housing  12 A (e.g., on a ledge portion of display  14  or on a substrate adjacent to display  14 ) and/or may be mounted in housing  12 B (e.g., on a printed circuit substrate). 
     A flexible printed circuit cable such as flexible printed circuit  50  may be used to join circuitry in upper housing  12 A (e.g., display  14  and associated display driver circuits and/or other electrical components) with circuitry in lower housing  12 B (e.g., display driver circuitry and/or other components and circuitry  54 ). The flexible printed circuit cable may have an elongated central portion that joins opposing end portions  50 ′. Components such as component  52  (e.g., circuitry such as circuitry  54 , a timing controller integrated circuit, a board-to-board connector or other connectors, etc.) may be mounted on flexible printed circuit cable  50  (e.g. on one or both of ends  50 ′). 
     The cable of  FIG. 2  may be a flexible printed circuit that contains no rigid printed circuit board portions or may be the type of flexible printed circuit that is sometimes referred to as “rigid flex” and that has rigid printed circuit board regions combined with flexible regions. With one illustrative arrangement, ends  50 ′ of flexible printed circuit  50  may be rigid printed circuit board portions (e.g., printed circuits formed from layers of rigid printed circuit board material such as fiberglass-filled epoxy) and the central portion of flexible printed circuit  50  may be formed from a length of flexible printed circuit that does not contain rigid portions (e.g., a flexible printed circuit formed form a flexible polymer substrate such as polyimide). Other types of flexible printed circuit may be used in forming a cable that extends between moving housing structures  12 A and  12 B if desired. The use of an arrangement in which a cable is formed from flexible printed circuit material having ends  50 ′ that are rigid may sometimes be described herein as an example. 
     As shown in  FIG. 2 , flexible printed circuit  50  may overlap rotational axis  22 . This may cause flexible printed circuit  50  to flex back and forth during opening and closing of lid  12 A, as shown by comparing the position of flexible printed circuit  50  in  FIG. 3  (a closed lid configuration for device  10 ) with the position of flexible printed circuit  50  in  FIG. 4  (an open lid configuration for device  10 ). As shown in  FIGS. 3 and 4 , bends may be formed in multiple directions within flexible printed circuit  50  (e.g., to facilitate formation of a service loop). Features are preferably incorporated into flexible printed circuit  50  to ensure that flexible printed circuit  50  is able to reliably endure repeated bending. 
     As shown in  FIG. 5 , flexible printed circuit  50  may have an elongated shape (e.g., a long thin rectangular shape or other shape) that extends along longitudinal axis  200  and that overlaps axis  22 . The reliability of flexible printed circuit  50  can be affected by the minimum bend radius experienced by flexible printed circuit  50  during use (e.g., during flexing about axis  22 ). Larger bend radii are less stressful to flexible printed circuits than smaller bend radii. For example, the metal traces in a flexible printed circuit that experience only a large bend radius are less likely to experience cracking than the metal traces in a flexible printed circuit that experiences a small bend radius. 
     During installation, flexible printed circuit  50  may be subject to slight misaligned along lateral dimension X due to normal manufacturing variations. Flexible printed circuit preferably has one or more longitudinal slots such as slot  56  that extend along longitudinal axis  200 . Slot  56 , which may sometimes be referred to as a slit or elongated opening, preferably has an elongated shape (e.g., the aspect ratio or length to width ratio of slot  56  may be 5 or more 10 or more, 20 or more or 50 or more). Slot  56  penetrates through all of the layers of flexible printed circuit  50 . 
     The presence of slot  56  helps provide flexible printed circuit  50  with the ability to accommodate lateral misalignment without exhibiting undesirably small bend radii. For example, left-hand portion  50 - 1  of flexible printed circuit  50  may move relative to right-hand portion  50 - 2  of flexible printed circuit, which can allow sufficient rearrangement of the structures in flexible printed circuit  50  to prevent excessively tight bending. 
     Consider, as an example, the situation in which a flexible printed circuit has been slightly misaligned along lateral dimension X. The diagram of  FIG. 6  shows how the presence of slot  56  helps prevent flexible printed circuit  50  from experiencing an excessively small bend radius. In the example of  FIG. 6 , two different flexible printed circuits are shown in a curled configuration, bent around axis  22 . Printed circuit  50 B does not contain any slots. Printed circuit  50  contains slot  56 , which separates left-hand portion  50 - 1  from right-hand portion  50 - 2 . Due to the slight lateral misalignment of the flexible printed circuits along lateral dimension X, the left edges L of the printed circuits curls more tightly than the right edges R of the printed circuits. This raises the risk that the printed circuits will exhibit a bend radius along left edges L that is smaller than desired. 
     In the example of  FIG. 6 , the desired minimum bend radius for the flexible printed circuit is achieved when the flexible printed circuit extends vertically by no less than amount YN. As shown in  FIG. 6 , slotless flexible printed circuit  50 B has a left edge that extends vertically by an amount YT that is less than YN (i.e., printed circuit  50 B has a bend radius that is smaller than the minimum desired bend radius). In contrast, slot  56  allows portions  50 - 1  and  50 - 2  of flexible printed circuit  50  to move relative to each other so that the left edge of portion  50 - 1  (and the left edge of portion  50 - 2 ) extends vertically by an amount YA that is greater than YN. The right edges of portions  50 - 1  and  50 - 2  also extend vertically by a distance YB that is greater than YN. As this example demonstrates, the presence of slot  56  running along the length of flexible printed circuit  50  (the Y dimension of  FIG. 6 ) allows the material of flexible printed circuit  50  to move sufficiently to prevent excessively small bend radii from developing, thereby enhancing the reliability of flexible printed circuit  50 . 
     Flexible printed circuit  50  may also incorporate internal features that help enhance reliability. For example, the metal layer used in forming metal traces for ground signals and data signals in flexible printed circuit  50  may be provided with surface treatments that help the metal layer resist cracking. 
     A cross-sectional side view of an illustrative configuration that may be used for flexible printed circuit  50  is shown in  FIG. 7 . When slot  56  of  FIG. 5  is formed along the length of flexible printed circuit  50 , slot  56  passes through all of the layers of  FIG. 7 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 7 , flexible printed circuit  50  may have a metal layer (sometimes referred to as a layer of metal traces) such as metal layer  72 . Metal layer  72  may contain a core metal such as core metal layer  76 . Core metal layer  76  may be formed from a metal with a high conductivity such as copper. Metal layer  72  may also have upper layer  74  and lower layer  78  formed on opposing upper and lower surfaces of core layer  76 . Layers  74  and  78  may be coatings that are formed by treating the surfaces of core metal layer  76 . The thicknesses of core layer  76  may be about 5-20 microns (e.g., 12 microns), less than 15 microns, or more than 8 microns (as examples). Coatings  74  and  78  may have thicknesses of 0.5 to 1.5 microns, more than 0.5 microns, less than 1.5 microns, less than 2 microns, or other suitable thickness. 
     The material that is used in forming coatings  74  and  76  may enhance the ability of metal layer  72  to resist cracking. For example, coatings  74  and  78  may have a Young&#39;s modulus that is greater than the Young&#39;s modulus of core metal layer  76 . Core  76  may be formed from copper or other metals. Examples of materials that may be used in forming layers  74  and  78  when core  76  is formed from copper include nickel or a nickel alloy, cobalt or a cobalt alloy, or a mixture of nickel, cobalt, and copper. During fabrication, metal layer  72  may be patterned to form ground paths (sometimes referred to as ground lines) and signal paths (e.g., signal lines including analog and/or digital signal paths, sometimes referred to as data lines) in flexible printed circuit  50 . 
     Dielectric layers may separate metal layer  72  from upper shield layer  60 A and lower shield layer  60 B. Upper shield layer  60 A may have metal layer  62 A and conductive adhesive layer  64 A. Lower shield layer  60 B may have metal layer  62 B and conductive adhesive layer  64 B. Metal layers  60 A and  60 B may be, for example, silver tape layers in which metal layers  62 A and  62 B are silver layers and layers  64 A and  64 B are formed from a conductive adhesive such as anisotropic conductive film. 
     Metal shield layers  60 A and  60 B may be grounded and may serve as electromagnetic shielding for flexible printed circuit  50 . The thickness of metal layers  60 A and  60 B may be 8 microns, 5-10 microns, more than 5 microns, or less than 10 microns. 
     Metal layer  72  may be attached to polymer substrate  82  using adhesive layer  80  (e.g., a thin layer of epoxy having a thickness of less than 1 micron). Substrate  82  may be formed from a material such as polyimide. The thickness of polyimide substrate layer  82  may be 19 microns, 5-25 microns, more than 5 microns, more than 10 microns, less than 25 microns, or less than 15 microns. Metal trace layer  72  may be attached to substrate  82  before incorporating subsequent structures such as dielectric cover layer (coverlay)  66  and metal shields  60 A and  60 B into flexible printed circuit  50 . 
     Coverlay  66  may include an adhesive layer such as a layer of pressure sensitive adhesive (e.g., adhesive layer  70 ) and may include a polymer layer such as polyimide layer  68 . Polyimide layer  68  may have a thickness of 12.5 microns, 5-20 microns, more than 5 microns, more than 10 microns, less than 20 microns, or less than 15 microns. Adhesive layer  70  in coverlay  66  may have a thickness of 20 microns, 10-30 microns, more than 5 microns, more than 15 microns, less than 30 microns, or less than 25 microns. 
     The presence of surface treatment layers  74  and  78  on both the upper and lower surfaces of metal core layer  76  helps to prevent cracks from forming in core layer  76 , even when layer  76  bends back and forth as housings  12 A and  12 B are rotated relative to each other. Conventional flexible copper cladding (FCCL) structures have a polyimide substrate with a copper layer that is treated on only one side to improve adhesion between the copper and polyimide and are therefore less able than flexible printed circuit  50  to resist cracks. 
     When flexible printed circuit  50  is bent, upper layers in flexible printed circuit  50  will experience compressive (or tensile) stress, whereas the lower layers in flexible printed circuit  50  will experience respective tensile (or compressive) stress. Accordingly, a neutral stress plane in which stress levels are minimized will lie somewhere within the layers of flexible printed circuit  50 . If desired, the relative thicknesses of the layers of flexible printed circuit  50  may be adjusted to align the neutral stress plane of flexible printed circuit  50  with an appropriate portion of metal layer  72 . As an example, the relative thicknesses T 1  and T 2  of polyimide layers  68  and  82  (e.g., the thickness of coverlay  66  versus the thickness of substrate  82 ) may be adjusted to place the neutral stress plane in a desired location. 
     Locations at which the neutral stress plane may be located to enhance the reliability of flexible printed circuit  50  are illustrated by neutral stress plane  84  (which is shown as being aligned with upper metal coating  74 ), neutral stress plane  86  (which is shown as being aligned with core layer  76 ), and neutral stress plane  88  (which is shown as being aligned with lower metal coating  74 ). These neutral stress plane locations can help prevent cracks from forming in metal layer  72  that might damage layer  72 . 
     Illustrative steps involved in forming an electronic device using a flexible printed circuit such as flexible printed circuit  50  of  FIG. 7  are shown in  FIG. 8 . At step  90 , a metal layer may be formed for core  76 . As an example, a layer of copper foil may be formed by rolling copper into sheets between rollers. The rolled copper foil may be heat treated (i.e., annealed) one or more times at step  92 . Following the heat treatments of step  92  to form metal core  76 , both the upper and lower surfaces of core layer may be coated with appropriate crack-resistant alloys, as described in connection with  FIG. 7 . For example, nickel alloys, cobalt alloys, or other metals that have a higher Young&#39;s modulus than copper (and that are thereby better able than copper to resist cracking when flexed) may be coated onto the exposed upper and lower surfaces of copper core  76 , thereby forming coating layers  74  and  78 . 
     At step  96 , metal layer  72  may be patterned and attached to polyimide substrate  82  (e.g., layers  82  and  72  may be laminated together and patterned using techniques such as masking and etching or other patterning techniques). Patterned coverlay  66  may then be bonded to metal layer  74  and shield layers  60 A and  60 B added to the upper and lower surfaces of flexible printed circuit  50 . 
     At step  98 , flexible printed circuit  50  may be assembled in housing  12  with the other components of device  10  so that flexible printed circuit  50  interconnects components in moving housing structures, as described in connection with  FIG. 2 . 
     Upper shielding layer  60 A and lower shielding layer  60 B may be coupled to ground. For example, upper shielding layer  60 A may be shorted to ground lines within metal layer  72  through openings in coverlay  66 .  FIG. 9  is a top view of a portion of the metal traces that may be formed from layer  72  in printed circuit  50 . As shown in  FIG. 9 , metal traces  72  may include ground lines (traces)  72 G and non-ground signal lines (sometimes referred to as data lines, signal traces, or data traces)  72 D- 1  and  72 D- 2 . 
     Slot  56  runs along the center of flexible printed circuit  50  and divides the data lines on the flexible printed circuit into two sets. Data lines  72 D- 1  are located on the left-hand side of slot  56  and data lines  72 D- 2  are located on the right-hand side of slot  56 . First and second ground lines  72 G run along the opposing left and right edges of data lines  72 D- 1 , respectively. Third and fourth ground lines  72 G run along the opposing left and right edges of data lines  72 D- 1 . With this arrangement, slot  56  is bordered on its left and right edges by a pair of ground lines  72 G that run along the length of flexible printed circuit  50  in parallel with the other metal traces. Each set of data lines is laterally shielded by the presence of the laterally adjacent ground lines  72 G. Vertical shielding is provided by shield layers  60 A and  60 B. Ground lines  72 G may be vertically coupled to shield layer  60 A through a set of four slots  108  in coverlay  66 , as shown in  FIG. 10 . Because the slots  108  have elongated shapes and extend along the length of flexible printed circuit  50 , they are free of structures that might concentrate stresses in the flexible printed circuit and thereby help to minimize stress on metal traces  72 . 
       FIG. 11  is an exploded cross-sectional side view of a portion of printed circuit  50  of  FIG. 9  taken along line  104  of  FIG. 9  and viewed in direction  106 . As shown in  FIG. 11 , slot (slit) openings  108  in coverlay  66  are aligned with corresponding ground lines  72 G and allow ground lines  72 G to be shorted to upper shield layer  60 A when the layers of flexible printed circuit  50  are assembled. Layer  60 B may be grounded at the ends of flexible printed circuit  50  (e.g., to ground traces in the layers of ends  50 ′). 
     The foregoing is merely illustrative of the principles of this invention and various modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20140710
Publication Date: 20161025
Grant Date: 20161025
Priority Date: 20140710
Inventors: POSNER BRYAN W.
LIGTENBERG CHRISTIAAN A.
MATHEW DINESH C.
BENSON ERIC L.
CAO ROBERT Y.
CHANG VALERIE S.
YIN VICTOR H.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H05K1/09", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1683", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1683", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K1/03", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1616", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1616", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K1/09", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K1/03", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1683", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 55068653