PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-10475560-B1
Application Number: US-201615163993-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B1

Title: Magnetic fabric items

Abstract:
Items such as electronic devices, fabric-based items, and other items may include strands of magnetic material. The magnetic material may be formed from particles of a rare-earth alloy or other magnetic materials in a binder. Strands of magnetic material may have magnetic cores surrounded by one or more additional layers such as non-magnetic layers or may have non-magnetic cores surrounded by one or more additional layers including a magnetic layer. The strands of material may be uniform along their lengths or may be segmented into non-magnetic and magnetic portions. Items may include fabric formed from intertwined strands of magnetic material. Magnetic material may interact with permanent magnets and electromagnets. Magnetic sensors may monitor for the presence of magnetic portions of a fabric or other structure.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An item, comprising:
 a fabric having intertwined strands of material, wherein the fabric has a magnetic portion and a non-magnetic portion, wherein the intertwined strands of material include strands of magnetic material that form the magnetic portion of the fabric; 
 an electronic device housing to which the fabric attaches; 
 magnets in the electronic device housing that attract the magnetic portion of the fabric; 
 magnetic sensors in the electronic device housing that measure a magnetic field generated by the magnetic portion of the fabric; and 
 control circuitry that determines whether the fabric is attached or detached from the electronic device housing based on the magnetic field measured by the magnetic sensors. 
 
     
     
       2. The item defined in  claim 1  wherein the magnetic material includes magnetic particles in a polymer binder. 
     
     
       3. The item defined in  claim 2  wherein the magnetic particles comprise rare-earth magnetic particles. 
     
     
       4. The item defined in  claim 3  wherein the rare-earth magnetic particles comprise neodymium alloy particles. 
     
     
       5. The item defined in  claim 1  wherein the strands of material include at least one strand with a segment of magnetic material and a segment of non-magnetic material. 
     
     
       6. The item defined in  claim 1  wherein the strands of material include at least one strand with a core formed from magnetic material and a layer formed from non-magnetic material. 
     
     
       7. The item defined in  claim 6  wherein the core of magnetic material comprises particles of magnetic material in a polymer binder. 
     
     
       8. The item defined in  claim 1  wherein the strands of material include at least one strand with a core formed from non-magnetic material and a layer formed from magnetic material. 
     
     
       9. The item defined in  claim 8  wherein the layer formed from magnetic material comprises particles of magnetic material in a polymer binder. 
     
     
       10. The item defined in  claim 1  wherein the fabric has an edge and wherein at least some of the magnetic portion extends along the edge. 
     
     
       11. The item defined in  claim 1  wherein the fabric has portions that overlap and wherein at least some of the magnetic portion forms part of the portions that overlap. 
     
     
       12. The item defined in  claim 11  wherein the portions that overlap are strap portions. 
     
     
       13. A method for forming fabric, comprising:
 forming strands of magnetic material, wherein forming the strands of magnetic material comprises forming a non-magnetic core surrounded by an outer magnetic layer, wherein the non-magnetic core comprises a first polymer, and wherein the outer magnetic layer comprises a second polymer having embedded particles of magnetic material; 
 intertwining the strands of magnetic material to form at least a part of a bag strap; and 
 after intertwining the strands of magnetic material, magnetizing a portion of the strands of magnetic material to form at least one permanent magnet in the part of the bag strap. 
 
     
     
       14. A system, comprising:
 a magnetic sensor; 
 a fabric that opens and closes along a seam, 
 wherein the fabric has magnetic strands of material and wherein the magnetic sensor measures a magnetic field generated by the magnetic strands of material; and 
 control circuitry that determines whether the seam is open or closed based on the magnetic field measured by the magnetic sensor. 
 
     
     
       15. The system defined in  claim 14  wherein the magnetic strands of material comprise polymer with embedded magnetic particles. 
     
     
       16. The system defined in  claim 15  wherein the embedded magnetic particles comprise particles of a rare-earth alloy. 
     
     
       17. The system defined in  claim 14  wherein the control circuitry determines a proximity of the fabric using the magnetic sensor. 
     
     
       18. The system defined in  claim 17  wherein the control circuitry shifts the system between a wake state and a sleep state based on the proximity of the fabric. 
     
     
       19. The item defined in  claim 1  wherein the control circuitry determines a proximity of the magnetic portion of the fabric using the magnetic sensors.

Description:
This application claims the benefit of provisional patent application No. 62/222,080, filed Sep. 22, 2015, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     This relates generally to magnetic materials, and more particularly, to items that include magnetic materials. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Magnetic material is used to form components such as permanent magnets. Permanent magnets may be difficult to incorporate into certain items such as fabric-based items and other items without creating undesirable visible and tactile artifacts. If care is not taken, the items into which permanent magnets and other magnetic structures are incorporated may be overly bulky, stiff, or unsightly. 
     SUMMARY 
     Items such as electronic devices, fabric-based items, and other items may include strands of magnetic material. Magnetic material may be used in forming clasps, closures for seams in fabric-based items, flaps and other structures with positions that may be sensed using magnetic sensors, and other structures. 
     The magnetic material in the strands of magnetic material may be formed from particles of a rare-earth alloy or other particles magnetic materials in a polymer binder. Techniques such as molding, extrusion, selective sintering, and other techniques may be used in forming the strands of magnetic material. 
     Strands of magnetic material may have magnetic cores surrounded by one or more additional layers such as non-magnetic layers or may have non-magnetic cores surrounded by one or more additional layers including a magnetic layer. Strands of magnetic material may be uniform along their lengths or may be segmented into non-magnetic and magnetic portions. 
     Items with strands of material may include fabric formed from intertwined strands of magnetic material. Magnetic material may interact with permanent magnets and electromagnets and may be sensed by magnetic sensors. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of an illustrative system having one or more items with strands of magnetic material in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram of an illustrative item with strands of magnetic material in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 3  is a diagram showing illustrative equipment that may be used in forming a strand-based item with strands of magnetic material in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 4  is a perspective view of an illustrative uniform strand of magnetic material in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 5  is a perspective view of an illustrative segmented strand of material with magnetic and non-magnetic portions in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 6  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative strand of magnetic material formed from particles of rare-earth alloy or other magnetic material in a binder in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 7  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative strand of material having multiple layers in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 8  is a perspective view of an illustrative items formed from links of magnetic material in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 9  is a cross-sectional side view of illustrative woven fabric having strands of magnetic material in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 10  is a top view of a piece of fabric having a magnetic portion in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIGS. 11, 12, and 13  are diagrams of illustrative items with magnetic portions formed from strands of magnetic material in accordance with an embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Magnetic material may be used in forming electronic devices, may be used in forming accessories such as covers, straps, and bags that are associated with electronic devices, may be used in forming fabric for electronic devices and accessories, may be used in forming fabric that is incorporated into seating, furniture, building structures, and other items, and/or may be used in forming other items. Configurations in which magnetic material is used in forming items based on one or more strands of magnetic material may sometime be described herein as an example. The strands of material may be monofilaments of material and/or may be multifilament strands such as strands of yarn. Strand-based items may be formed from intertwined strands such as woven strands, knitted strands, braided strands, strands that have been intertwined to form felt, or other intertwined strands (fabric, etc.). 
     Magnetic material may be magnetized to form permanent magnets. Permanent magnets may interact with each other. For example, permanent magnets may be arranged to attract each other or to repel each other. Electromagnets may be electrically configured to either attract or repel a permanent magnet. Unmagnetized magnetic material (e.g., ferromagnetic material or ferrimagnetic material that has not been magnetized by application of an external magnetic field to form a permanent magnet) may also interact with permanent magnets and electromagnets. For example, a permanent magnet may attract a fabric or other structure formed from strands of unmagnetized magnetic material based on a rare earth alloy such as a neodymium alloy (e.g., NdFeB). 
     An illustrative system that includes items that include magnetic structures (e.g., electromagnetics, permanent magnets, unmagnetized magnetic material, etc.) is shown in  FIG. 1 . As shown in  FIG. 10 , system  10  may include one or more items such as items  12 A and  12 B that include magnetic structures. Items such as items  12 A and  12 B may be electronic devices (e.g., cellular telephones, tablet computers, laptop computers, watches, pendant devices, other wearable devices, or other electronic equipment), may be parts of electronic devices or accessories for electronic devices (e.g., covers for portable electronic devices, straps for electronic devices, earphones, bags, covers, sleeves, or other structures that form part of electronic equipment or that are used in conjunction with electronic equipment), may be part of furniture, seating, clothing, a vehicle, a building, a kiosk, or any other items. 
     System  10  may include multiple parts that interact with each other (e.g., using magnetic forces). For example, system  10  may include a first item (e.g., item  12 A) such as a portable electronic device and a second item (e.g., item  12 B) such as a cover for the portable electronic device. In this type of scenario, items (structures)  12 A and  12 B are separable and are often referred to as forming different items. These components may also be used together as part of a unified system (i.e., a system formed from a device with a cover). If desired, system  10  may be a single item that is formed from multiple structures that interact with each other (e.g., using magnetic forces). For example, system  10  may be an item such as a fabric enclosure. In this type of arrangement, item  12 A may form a main body portion of the enclosure and item  12 B may form a flap for a pocket in the main body portion. Other configurations may also be used for system  10  (e.g., arrangements with more than three magnetically interacting items, etc.). The configuration of  FIG. 1  is merely illustrative. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , items such as items  12 A and  12 B may include strands of material such as strands  16 A and  16 B and may therefore sometimes be referred to as forming a strand-based item or items. Strands  16 A and/or  16 B may include magnetic strands. For example, some or all of strands  16 A and  16 B may include magnetic materials such as rare-earth magnetic materials or other magnetic materials. Strands  16 A and  16 B may also include dielectric strands (e.g., strands formed entirely from glass, plastic, or other dielectric), conductive strands (e.g., strands with magnetic or non-magnetic metal cores or coatings), and/or strands of other materials. 
     If desired, items  12 A and  12 B may include components  14 A and  14 B such as permanent magnets, electromagnets, structures formed from unmagnetized magnetic material, and non-magnetic components. During operation, magnetic structures in item  12 A (e.g., permanent magnets, electromagnets, structures formed from unmagnetized magnetic material, magnetic strands  16 A, magnetic components  14 A, and other magnetic structures) may attract, may repel, may generate a magnetic field that is sensed using a magnetic sensor, may sense a magnetic field, or may otherwise interact with magnetic structures in item  12 B (e.g., permanent magnets, electromagnets, structures formed from unmagnetized magnetic material, magnetic strands  16 B, magnetic components  14 B, and other magnetic structures). 
       FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram showing illustrative components that may be used in forming items such as item  12 A and  12 B of  FIG. 1 . As shown in  FIG. 2 , item  12  may include strands  16  such as strands of magnetic material and/or other material. Magnetic material may also be used to form other structures in item  12 . 
     Item  12  may include sensors  18 . Sensors  18  may include magnetic sensors (e.g., Hall effect sensors, giant magnetoresistance sensors, or other sensors that measure magnetic fields). Sensors  18  may also include light-based sensors (e.g., light-based proximity sensors that emit light and detect reflected light, ambient light sensors that detect ambient light, image sensors, etc.), microphones, accelerometers and other sensors for detecting motion and position, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, strain gauges, touch sensors, and other sensors for detecting user input and for measuring environmental conditions. 
     Control circuitry  22  may include microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, volatile and non-volatile memory and other storage, application-specific integrated circuits, and other circuitry for controlling the operation of item  12 . Control circuitry  22  may use information from sensors  18 , and other components  24  for controlling the operation of item  12 . 
     Electromagnets  20  may be controlled by circuitry  22  to attract or repel magnetic structures. Electromagnets  20  may, for example, be used to open and close an enclosure along a seam, may be used to secure flaps or other foldable edge structures, may be used to close and open straps, etc. 
     Components  24  may include input-output devices such as switches, touch screens, displays, light-emitting diodes, speakers, vibrators, haptic output devices, motors, keyboards, track pads, pointing devices, peripheral components, and other devices for gathering input from a user or the environment surrounding item  12  while supplying output (e.g., output for a user or an item associated with item  12 ). 
     All or part of the components of item  12  of  FIG. 2  may be incorporated into one or more items in system  10  (see, e.g., illustrative items  12 A and  12 B of  FIG. 1 ). Items such as item  12  of  FIG. 2  may include one or more strands of material (see, e.g., strands  16 A and  16 B of  FIG. 1 ) and may therefore sometimes be referred to as strand-based items or fabric-based items. In other situations, some or all of a given item  12  may not include strands of material. For example, a first item without strands of material may interact with a second item that includes strands of material. 
     Illustrative equipment that may be used in forming magnetic structures such as magnetic strands of material in item  12  or other structures is shown in  FIG. 3 . As shown in the example of  FIG. 3 , strand-based item  12  may be processed using molding equipment  30 . Magnetic material may be formed from polymer binders or other binder materials containing particles of magnetic material. Molding equipment  30  may be used to mold the polymer binder and the incorporated particles of magnetic material into strands or structures with other suitable shapes. Molding equipment  30  may include a heated die that applies heat and pressure to the polymer binder and magnetic material during molding. If desired, fabric or other structures may be incorporated into a mold cavity during molding (e.g., molding equipment  30  may be injection molding equipment such as insert molding equipment). The polymer binder using in forming molded strands and other strands of magnetic material may be a thermoset polymer or a thermoplastic polymer. If desired, polymer binder with magnetic particles may be extruded to form strands of magnetic material or other structures using extrusion equipment  34 . Coating equipment  32  may be used in coating strands of material (e.g., with magnetic material, dielectric material, non-magnetic conductive layers, or other layers of material). 
     Spinning equipment  38  (e.g., melt spinning equipment) may be used to produce ribbons of rare-earth magnetic materials or other magnetic materials. The ribbons of magnetic material from equipment  38  may be processed to form powered particle or short filaments of material that are incorporate with polymer binder or other suitable materials to form magnetic strands of material and magnetic structures of other shapes. 
     If desired, magnetic material such as polymer binder with magnetic particles or other magnetic material may be applied as a surface treatment or other coating to fabric (e.g., intertwined strands of material) or other structures. Screen printing equipment  36 , dipping equipment, spraying equipment, or other deposition equipment (e.g., ink-jet printing equipment, pad printing equipment, etc.) may be used in applying magnetic material to some or all of a fabric in this way. 
     In some situations, magnetic particles can be processed to form processed regions of magnetic material structures). As an example, magnetic particles can be sintered using heat and pressure to form strands of magnetic material or magnetic material with other suitable shapes. If desired, laser processing techniques may be used to process particles of magnetic material (e.g., using laser processing equipment  40 ). Equipment  40  may, as an example, apply laser light to magnetic particles in strands of material, to magnetic material in a coating layer on fabric or other intertwined strands of material, or magnetic material on other structures. The applied laser light locally sinters the particles of magnetic material and forms a magnetic structure with a desired shape. 
     Other processing equipment such as equipment  44  may also be used in processing magnetic particles or other magnetic material to form magnetic strands, other magnetic structures, and other portions of item  12 . Equipment  44  may include, for example, physical vapor deposition equipment, chemical vapor deposition equipment, electrochemical deposition equipment (e.g., tools for electroless chemical deposition and/or electroplating), etching equipment, equipment for dispensing and curing liquid polymer (e.g., liquid polymer containing magnetic material), soldering equipment, cutting tools, machining equipment, equipment for forming welds, three-dimensional printing equipment (e.g., three-dimensional printing tools or other equipment that applies light or other energy to sinter, cure, ablate, and/or otherwise adjust the properties of material associated with a 3D printing process), equipment for forming felt-like fabric from strands of material by pressing the materials together with heat and/or pressure, etc. 
     Magnetizing equipment  42  may be used to magnetize magnetic material. Magnetic material may be magnetized before being incorporated into fabric or other structures or may be magnetized after being incorporated into fabric or other structures. Once magnetized, the magnetic material can form a permanent magnet. The permanent magnet may be sensed by a magnetic sensor, may interact with another permanent magnet or other magnetic structure to form part of a clasp or closure, or may be used in forming other structures for item  12 . With one illustrative configuration, strands of magnetic material may be woven or otherwise intertwined to form fabric. Following the formation of the fabric, magnetizing equipment such as equipment  42  (e.g., a permanent magnet or electromagnet) may apply a magnetic field that is sufficient to magnetize all of a fabric or fabric-based item, a portion of the fabric or fabric-based item, or any other portion of a strand-based item). 
     As show in  FIG. 4 , strands  16  may be uniform along their lengths. A fabric may contain strands that are magnetic along their entire lengths or that are non-magnetic along their entire lengths. If desired, strands  16  may have one or more segments with different properties, as illustrated by segmented strand  16  of  FIG. 5 . As shown in  FIG. 5 , strands  16  may each have segments of one type (e.g., strand segments  16 N) and one or more segments of different types (see, e.g., strand segments  16 M). There may be two or more different types of segments in strands  16 , three or more different types of segments in strands  16 , or other suitable numbers of strand segments. The configuration of  FIG. 5  in which strands  16  contain two different types of segments (e.g., segments  16 N and  16 M) is merely illustrative. Segments  16 N may be non-magnetic and segments  16 N may be magnetic, segments  16 N may be insulating and segments  16 M may be conductive, and/or segments  16 N and  16 M may have other properties or combinations of properties. 
     Magnetic strands may be formed using an arrangement of the type shown in  FIG. 6 . As shown in  FIG. 6 , for example, magnetic strand  16  may include particles  50  of magnetic material (e.g., neodymium alloys or other rare-earth magnetic materials, non-rare-earth ferromagnetic or ferromagnetic magnetic materials, or other magnetic particles). A polymer binder such as binder  52  (sometimes referred to as a matrix or supporting material) or other binder material may be used to support magnetic particles  50  (i.e., magnetic particles  50  may be embedded within binder  52 ). Examples of polymer materials that may be used to form binder  52  include polyamides (e.g., nylon 6, nylon 12, etc.) and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS). Other polymers may be used, if desired. 
     As shown in  FIG. 7 , strands  16  may contain one or more layers  54  of material (e.g., a central core, an outer coating, one or more intermediate layers interposed between the coating and the core, etc.). Layers  54  may include one or more magnetic layers (e.g., layers of polymer binder containing embedded magnetic particles), may include solid magnetic alloy (e.g., rare-earth magnetic alloys such as neodymium alloys), may include dielectric (e.g., inorganic dielectric such as glass, oxides, nitrides, oxynitrides, etc.), organic dielectric such as polymers, ceramic, and/or other dielectric material, may include metal (e.g., non-magnetic metal), or other materials. In some configurations, for example, strands  16  may contain a magnetic core coated by one or more additional layers such as an insulating coating or other non-magnetic layer(s). In other configurations, strands  16  may include a polymer core or other non-magnetic core and one or more additional layers such as a layer of magnetic material (e.g., polymer with embedded rare-earth alloy particles or other magnetic material particles). Multilayer strand structures such as the structures forming strand  16  of  FIG. 7  may be used along the entire length of strands  16  (see, e.g.,  FIG. 4 ) or may be used along one or more discrete segments of strands  16  (see, e.g.,  FIG. 5 ). Monofilament strands such as strands  16  of  FIGS. 4, 5, 6 , and/or  7  may be intertwined along their lengths to form multifilament strands (i.e., yarn). 
       FIG. 8  shows how magnetic structures such as chain links  56  may be formed from magnetic material. Structures such as links  56  of  FIG. 8  may be formed using three-dimensional patterning techniques. The magnetic material forming links  56  may be patterned using three-dimensional laser sintering, three-dimensional polymer binder curing techniques using laser light, or other three-dimensional printing techniques (as examples). 
       FIG. 9  shows how strands  16  may be intertwined to form fabric using weaving techniques (e.g., techniques in which weft strands  16 - 1  are woven with warp strands  16 - 2  to form a layer of fabric). The fabric may be formed using any suitable fabric construction (e.g., a plain weave, a basket weave, a twill weave, a multilayer fabric construction, etc.). Some or all of the regions of fabric that are formed in this way may be exclusively formed from strands of magnetic material and/or some or all of a fabric may be formed from non-magnetic material. Strands  16  of magnetic material may also be interwoven with strands of non-magnetic material in some or all portions of a fabric. 
     If desired, particular discrete areas of a fabric may be magnetic. As shown in  FIG. 10  for example, a structure of interest such as intertwined strands  16  or other fabric  60  may have a magnetic area  58  that is surrounded by a non-magnetic area such as area  59 . Fabrics that contain smoothly graded amounts of magnetic material may also be formed. 
     In the example of  FIG. 10 , magnetic area  58  has been formed by weaving, knitting, braiding, or otherwise intertwining strands together that contain magnetic segments that overlap in area  58 , may be formed by laser sintering or other processing techniques (e.g., processing arrangements in which area  58  is heated, compressed, selectively coated, or otherwise treated differently than area  59  so that a magnetic material is formed in area  58 ), and/or may be formed by applying a magnetizing magnetic field selectively to area  58  with magnetizing equipment  42  ( FIG. 3 ). 
     Illustrative applications of magnetic fabric or other structures formed from strands  16  or other structures formed from magnetic material are shown in  FIGS. 11, 12, and 13 . 
     In the example of  FIG. 11 , item  12 A may be a first portion of a strap for an enclosure or electronic device and item  12 B may be a second portion of the strap that overlaps the first portion. Strap portion (strap)  12 A may contain non-magnetic material in region  62 A and magnetic material in region  64 A. Strap portion  12 B may contain non-magnetic material in region  62 B and magnetic material in region  64 B. When worn on a user&#39;s wrist or otherwise used by a user, regions  64 A and  64 B may overlap as shown in  FIG. 11 . The strands of material in region  64 A and/or  64 B may be magnetized so that the portions of items  12 A and  12 B in regions  64 A and  64 B attract each other. The portions of the strap in regions  64 A and  64 B may therefore serve as a clasp or other interlocking structures (e.g., a clasp that holds the strap together so that the electronic device coupled to the strap stays on the user&#39;s wrist). 
     If desired, items  12 A and  12 B may form parts of a bag, cover, or item of clothing. For example, item  12 B of  FIG. 11  may be form the main body of a bag, cover, or piece of clotting and item  12 A may be a flap, part of a pocket, an edge portion, a folding edge portion, or other portion of the bag, cover, or item of clothing that can be moved into place so that portions  64 A and  64 B join together (e.g., to cover and close the bag, to cover and close a pocket in a bag or item of clothing), to secure an electronic device within a cover, etc. Portions such as portions  62 A and  64 A of item  12 A may be integral portions of a unitary piece of fabric and portions such as portions  62 B and  64 B may be integral portions of a unitary piece of fabric or some or all of these portions may be separate structures that are attached to each other with adhesive, fasteners, or other attachment structures. 
     In the illustrative configuration of  FIG. 12 , item  12 A has a non-magnetic portion  68 A and a magnetic portion  66 A and item  12 B has a non-magnetic portion  68 B and a magnetic portion  66 A. Portions  66 A and  68 A may be unitary portions of a single piece of fabric or may be separate structures that are attached to each other using adhesive, fasteners, or other attachment structures. Similarly, portions  66 B and  68 B may be unitary portions of a single piece of fabric or may be separate structures that are attached to each other using adhesive, fasteners, or other attachment structures. 
     As shown in  FIG. 12 , portions  66 A and  66 B may be magnetically attracted to each other and may therefore close along seam  70 . Items  12 A and  12 B may, as an example, form portions of an enclosure (e.g., a bag or cover), an item of clothing, or other item with a pockets or other interior portion. Portions  66 A and  66 B may be pulled apart along seam  70  (e.g., by applying sufficient force to overcome the magnetic attraction between these portions) whenever a user desires to access the interior of the enclosure, pocket, or other interior area of the item. When it is desired to close the item along seam  70 , portions  66 A and  66 B may be brought into close proximity to each other, at which point the magnetic attraction between portions  66 A and  66 B will pull them together and seal the seam. In this type of scenario, portions  66 A and  66 B may serve as a magnetic closure. 
       FIG. 13  is a diagram of an illustrative configuration for items  12 A and  12 B in which item  12 A is formed from fabric. Items  12 A and  12 B may be separable components of a system or may be parts of a common item. Item  12 A may include first portion  74  and second portion  72 . First and second portions  74  and  72  may be formed from strands  16  (e.g., portions  74  and  72  may be formed from fabric). The fabric may be entirely magnetic or portion  72  may be formed from strands of magnetic material whereas portion  74  may be non-magnetic. Item  12 B may be an electronic device that contains a housing such as housing  76  (e.g., a housing formed from plastic, metal, glass, other materials, or combinations of these material). Components  78  may be mounted in device  12 B. Components  78  may include electromagnets that can be selectively activated to close a seam between items  12 A and  12 B or to otherwise attract portion  72  of item  12 A towards body  76  of item  12 B. If desired, components  78  may be configured to repel portion  72  (e.g., components  78  may be electromagnets that repel permanent magnets formed from some or all of portion  72 ). If desired, components  78  may include magnetic sensors. Magnetic sensors may be used to detect when items  12 A and  12 B have been separated. For example, item  12 A may be part of a cover, enclosure, a pocket that receives device  12 B, may be a flexible portion of item  12 B, etc. When a user removes device  12 B from item  12 A (i.e., when devices  12 A and  12 B are moved away from each other by the user), the magnetic sensors may detect that sensors  78  are no longer in proximity of magnetic portion  72  of item  12 A and can take appropriate action (e.g., the sleep/wake status of device  12 B may be changed, device  12 B may issue a notification for the user, charging operations may be changed, and/or other actions may be taken by item  12 A and/or  12 B. 
     If desired, the structures of  FIGS. 11, 12, and 13  may be used together (e.g., magnetic structures in these examples may attract and/or repel and/or be monitored with magnetic sensors). Magnetic strands  16 , other magnetic structures, and/or structures of the type shown in  FIGS. 11, 12, and 13  may also be used with other structures, if desired. The configurations of items  12 A and  12 B of  FIGS. 11, 12, and 13  are merely examples. 
     The foregoing is merely illustrative and various modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The foregoing embodiments may be implemented individually or in any combination.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20160525
Publication Date: 20191112
Grant Date: 20191112
Priority Date: 20150922
Inventors: BHARADWAJ, SHRAVAN
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H01F1/0306", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G01R33/091", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G01R33/1276", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G01R33/1276", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01F1/0306", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "D03D15/0055", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01F1/083", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "D03D15/507", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G01R33/072", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 68466564