PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-9137055-B2
Application Number: US-201213567997-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Techniques for improving channel estimation and tracking in a wireless communication system

Abstract:
A technique for performing channel tracking and/or channel estimation in a wireless communication device includes receiving a reference signal and one or more non-error propagation physical channel signals. In general, the one or more non-error propagation physical channel signals must be correctly decoded before a data channel can be decoded. Channel tracking and/or channel estimation are/is then performed based on the reference signal and at least one of the one or more non-error propagation physical channel signals.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A method for performing channel estimation in a wireless communication device, the method comprising:
 receiving one or more reference signals and two or more physical channel signals at the wireless communication device, wherein the one or more physical channel signals include at least a synchronization channel (SCH) signal and a primary broadcast channel (PBCH) signal; 
 reconstructing at least the received PBCH signal to produce at least one reconstructed signal; and 
 performing channel estimation based on at least one of the one or more reference signals and the at least one reconstructed signal; 
 wherein the reconstructing of the PBCH signal is performed after the PBCH signal passes a cyclic redundancy check. 
 
     
     
       2. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the one or more reference signals are received over a channel other than two or more physical channel signals. 
     
     
       3. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising performing tracking based on at least one of the one or more reference signals and the at least one reconstructed signal. 
     
     
       4. The method of  claim 1 , wherein receiving the one or more reference signals and the two or more physical channel signals comprises receiving a subframe comprising a plurality of Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. 
     
     
       5. The method of  claim 4 , wherein the two or more physical channel signals comprise non-error propagation physical channel signals. 
     
     
       6. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the two or more physical channel signals comprise non-error propagation physical channel signals. 
     
     
       7. The method of  claim 6 , wherein the non-error propagation physical channel signals do not contain data specific to the wireless communication device. 
     
     
       8. A wireless device, comprising:
 a processor; 
 one or more wireless interfaces in data communication with the processor; and 
 logic in data communication with the processor and the one or more wireless interfaces, the logic configured to:
 receive at least one reference signal and two or more physical channel signals, wherein the two or more physical channel signals include at least a synchronization channel (SCH) signal and a primary broadcast channel (PBCH) signal; and 
 perform channel estimation based at least in part on the received at least one reference signal and the received PBCH signal; 
 
 wherein the at least one reference signal is received over a channel other than the PBCH signal; 
 wherein the channel estimation is performed after the received PBCH signal passes a cyclic redundancy check. 
 
     
     
       9. The wireless device of  claim 8 , wherein the logic is further configured to perform tracking based at least in part on the received at least one reference signal and the two or more physical channel signals. 
     
     
       10. The wireless device of  claim 8 , wherein the two or more physical channel signals comprise a non-error propagation signal configured to provide a plurality of training pilots for the channel estimation. 
     
     
       11. The wireless device of  claim 8 , wherein the channel estimation performed based at least in part on the received at least one reference signal and the received PBCH signal has reduced error compared to a channel estimation performed using only the received at least one reference signal. 
     
     
       12. The wireless device of  claim 8 , wherein the receiving of the at least one reference signal and the two or more physical channel signals comprises receiving a subframe comprising a plurality of Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. 
     
     
       13. The wireless device of  claim 8 , wherein the two or more physical channel signals comprise a non-error propagation signal selected from a group consisting of: (i) the synchronization channel signal, (ii) the PBCH signal, and (iii) a physical control format indication channel signal. 
     
     
       14. A non-transitory computer readable apparatus for use in a wireless device, the computer readable apparatus comprising a plurality of instructions configured to, when executed by a digital processor, cause the wireless device to:
 receive one or more reference signals and two or more non-error propagation physical channel signals, wherein the two or more non-error propagation physical channel signals comprise at least a primary broadcast channel (PBCH) signal and a synchronization channel (SCH) signal, at a wireless device; 
 reconstruct at least the received PBCH signal to produce at least one reconstructed signal, wherein the reconstructing is performed after the PBCH signal passes a cyclic redundancy check; and 
 perform channel estimation based on at least one of the one or more reference signals and the at least at least one reconstructed signal. 
 
     
     
       15. A method for performing channel estimation in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
 receiving at a first wireless device one or more reference signals and two or more non-error propagation physical channel signals transmitted from a second wireless device, wherein the two or more non-error propagation physical channel signals comprise at least a synchronization channel (SCH) signal and primary broadcast channel (PBCH) signal; 
 performing channel estimation based on the received one or more reference signals and the received two or more non-error propagation physical channel signals, after the received PBCH signal passes a cyclic redundancy check; and 
 transmitting, from the first wireless device to the second wireless device, information relating to the performed channel estimation. 
 
     
     
       16. The method of  claim 15 , wherein the information relating to the performed channel estimation is configured to adjust one or more parameters of the second wireless device. 
     
     
       17. The method of  claim 15 , further comprising:
 performing tracking based on the received one or more reference signals and the two or more non-error propagation physical channel signals. 
 
     
     
       18. The method of  claim 15 , wherein the one or more reference signals are received over a channel other than the two or more non-error propagation physical channel signals.

Description:
PRIORITY 
     This application is a continuation of and claims priority to co-owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/250,613 of the same title filed Oct. 14, 2008 (issuing as U.S. Pat. No. 8,238,482), the foregoing incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Field 
     This disclosure relates generally to channel estimation and, more specifically, to techniques for improving channel estimation and tracking in a wireless communication system. 
     2. Related Art 
     As is well known, a wireless channel provides an arbitrary time dispersion, attenuation, and phase shift in a transmitted signal. While the implementation of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with a cyclic prefix in a wireless communication system mitigates the effect of time dispersion caused by a wireless channel, in order to apply linear modulation schemes it is also usually necessary to remove amplitude and phase shift caused by the wireless channel. Channel estimation is typically implemented in a wireless communication system to provide an estimate (from available pilot information) of an amplitude and phase shift caused by a wireless channel. Equalization may then be employed in the wireless communication system to remove the effect of the wireless channel and facilitate subsequent symbol demodulation. Channel tracking is usually employed to periodically update an initial channel estimation. For example, channel tracking may be employed to facilitate periodic frequency-domain and time-domain channel correlation and periodic updating of channel signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), channel delay spread, and channel Doppler effect. 
     In a known communication system, a channel coefficient is estimated based on a training signal (pilot) and data is decoded using an estimated channel coefficient. In this system, data is subtracted from a received signal (to reduce interference with the training signal) and the channel estimation is updated based on y(n)−x^ (n), which can be repeated for a number of iterations (where y(n) corresponds to the received signal and x^(n) corresponds to a reconstructed data signal). In another known communication system, a transmission channel state is obtained from a difference between a received signal and a hard quantized value of a detected signal, which is obtained through an equalizer based on an interpolated channel estimate from scattered reference signals (pilot signals). Unfortunately, in the known communication systems, errors may be propagated as a reconstructed data signal, which is subtracted from a received signal to provide a channel estimation, may be inaccurate. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The present invention is illustrated by way of example and is not limited by the accompanying figures, in which like references indicate similar elements. Elements in the figures are illustrated for simplicity and clarity and have not necessarily been drawn to scale. 
       FIG. I is a diagram of an example downlink (DL) frame transmitted from a serving base station (BS) in a long-term evolution (LTE) compliant wireless communication system. 
         FIG. 2  is an example diagram of a prior art approach for performing channel estimation. 
         FIG. 3  is an example diagram of an approach for performing channel estimation/tracking according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 4  is a flowchart of an example process for performing channel estimation/tracking according to one aspect of the present invention. 
         FIG. 5  is a block diagram of an example wireless communication system that includes wireless communication devices that may perform channel estimation/tracking according to various embodiments of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, specific exemplary embodiments in which the invention may be practiced are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, and it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that logical, architectural, programmatic, mechanical, electrical and other changes may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined only by the appended claims and their equivalents. In particular, although the preferred embodiment is described below in conjunction with a subscriber station, such as a cellular handset, it will be appreciated that the present invention is not so limited and may potentially be embodied in various wireless communication devices. 
     As used herein, the term “channel” includes one or more subcarriers, which may be adjacent or distributed across a frequency band. Moreover, the term “channel” may include an entire system bandwidth or a portion of the entire system bandwidth. As used herein, the term “reference signal” is synonymous with the term “pilot signal.” As is also used herein, the term “subscriber station” is synonymous with the term “user equipment,” which includes a wireless communication device that may (or may not) be mobile. A reference signal (RS), when received at a subscriber station (SS), is utilized by the SS to perform channel estimation and channel tracking. The disclosed techniques are contemplated to be applicable to systems that employ a wide variety of signaling techniques, e.g., orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) signaling, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) signaling, etc. 
     In general, accurate channel estimation and tracking is desirable to achieve acceptable performance for SSs in a wireless communication system (e.g., a long-term evolution (LTE) wireless communication system) as downlink (DL) performance is determined by the accuracy of channel estimation and channel tracking. According to various aspects of the present disclosure, one or more non-error propagation physical channels are employed in conjunction with a DL reference signal (DLRS) to improve the accuracy of channel estimation and tracking. In this manner, performance (e.g., block error rate) of a receiver (e.g., an LTE receiver) may be improved. In LTE, an RS is distributed in a subframe and interpolation is used to perform channel estimation for an entire time-frequency grid of an OFDM signal. Unfortunately, employing interpolation may introduce errors in channel estimation. 
     In the case of an LTE system having a 1.4 MHz system bandwidth, only twelve DLRS subcarriers are currently allocated (in a first symbol of each subframe) for channel estimation and tracking. According to various aspects of the present disclosure, a number of non-error propagation physical channels may be utilized in conjunction with a DLRS to improve channel estimation and tracking. For example, in an LTE compliant system, the non-error propagation physical channels include: a synchronization channel (SCH), which includes a primary synchronization channel (PSCH) and a secondary synchronization channel (SSCH); a primary broadcast channel (PBCH); and a physical control format indication channel (PCFICH). It should be appreciated that while the discussion herein is directed to an LTE system, the techniques disclosed herein are broadly applicable to improving channel estimation and tracking in any wireless communication system that employs one or more non-error propagation physical channels. As used herein, the term ‘non-error propagation physical channel’ is a channel that is utilized to transmit call set-up information to an SS. The call set-up channels are generally physical layer control message channels that include DL and uplink (UL) assignments for SSs in a cell. Broadly, non-error propagation physical channels may be thought of as channels that do not include SS data and must be correct for an SS to receive data. 
     As noted above, in an LTE system, the DLRS is designed for channel estimation and tracking. In general, detection of the SCH (which is typically the most reliable of the physical channels in an LTE compliant system) does not rely on channel estimation. In an LTE compliant system, the PBCH is usually an extremely reliable channel that typically employs a coding rate less than 1/48. According to various aspects of the present disclosure, the PBCH is only utilized for channel estimation and tracking when the PBCH passes a cyclic redundancy check (CRC). In an LTE compliant system, the PCFICH is usually a very reliable channel that typically employs a coding rate of 1/16. In general, if PCFICH fails, an associated subframe fails and, as such, performing channel estimation with a failed PCFICH will not usually worsen receiver performance. In a typical LTE compliant system, the SCH can provide 62×2 additional training pilots every 5 milliseconds, the PBCH can provide 72×4 additional training pilots every 10 milliseconds, and PCFICH can provide 16 more training pilots every 1 milliseconds. According to the present disclosure, one or more of the SCH, PBCH, and PCFICH may be utilized as training pilots (in conjunction with a DLRS) to improve channel estimation/tracking, as the SCH, PBCH, and PCFICH are implemented in such a way that feedback does not cause error propagation. 
     According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a technique for performing channel estimation in a wireless communication device includes receiving a reference signal and one or more non-error propagation physical channel signals. Channel estimation is then performed based on the reference signal and at least one of the one or more non-error propagation physical channel signals. 
     According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, a wireless communication device includes a receiver (e.g., included in a transceiver) and a processor (e.g., a digital signal processor (DSP)) that is coupled to the receiver. The receiver is configured to receive a reference signal and one or more non-error propagation physical channel signals. The processor is coupled to the receiver and is configured to perform channel estimation based on the reference signal and at least one of the one or more non-error propagation physical channel signals. In an LTE compliant system, the one or more non-error propagation physical channel signals include a synchronization channel signal, a primary broadcast channel signal, and a physical control format indication channel signal, one or more of which may be utilized in conjunction with the reference signal to improve channel estimation and tracking. 
     According to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, a technique for performing channel tracking in a wireless communication device includes receiving a reference signal and multiple non-error propagation physical channel signals. Channel tracking is then performed based on the reference signal and at least one of the multiple non-error propagation physical channel signals. 
     With reference to FIG. I, an example downlink frame  100 , which is transmitted from a serving base station (BS) in an LTE compliant system, is illustrated. As is shown, the frame  100  (which is 10 milliseconds in length) includes ten subframes (each of which are 1 millisecond in length). Each of the subframes begins with a DLRS that includes a PCFICH (labeled ‘DLRS/PCFICH’). In the illustrated example, a DL subframe includes two slots, each of which include seven long blocks (LBs) which encode a symbol. It should be appreciated that the techniques disclosed herein are broadly applicable to UL subframes that employ more or less than the illustrated number of LBs. With reference to Slot 0 , a 1 st  SSCH is assigned to LB  6  and a PSCH is assigned to LB  7 . With reference to Slot 11 , a 2 nd  SSCH is assigned to LB  6  and the PSCH is also assigned to LB  7 . With reference to Sloth, a PBCH is assigned to LB  1  (labeled ‘DLRS/PBCH’) and LBs  2 - 4 . While none of the SSCH, PBCH, or PCFICH cover an entire system bandwidth, the channels provide additional information that can be utilized in conjunction with a DLRS to improve channel estimation and tracking. 
     With reference to  FIG. 2 , an example conventional channel estimation approach  200  is illustrated. As previously noted, wireless devices in conventional communication systems have performed channel estimation based on a pilot signal. The channel estimation has then be utilized to perform PBCH detection  206 , PCFICH detection  208 , and other channel decoding  210 . It should be noted that SCH detection  202  is performed without the benefit of channel estimation  204 . In a typical LTE compliant system that is configured according to the prior art, the channel estimation  204  is done in parallel with the SCH detection  202 . 
     With reference to  FIG. 3 , an example channel estimation process  300 , according to the present disclosure, is illustrated. The process  300 , similar to the approach  200 , includes an SCH detection block  302  that performs SCH detection (decoding), without the benefit of channel estimation. However, unlike the approach  200 , the process  300  performs an SCH signal reconstruction (using an SCH signal reconstruction block  310 , which encodes a decoded SCH signal provided by the block  302 ). A channel estimation block  318  then performs a channel estimation based on a reference signal (pilot signal) and a reconstructed SCH signal (provided by the SCH signal reconstruction block  310 ). The channel estimation is then utilized (by a PBCH detection block  304 ) to perform PBCH detection, utilized (by a PCFICH detection block  306 ) to perform PCFICH detection, and utilized (using other channel decoding block  308 ) to perform other channel decoding. 
     According to one aspect of the present disclosure, when a PBCH signal passes a CRC, PBCH signal reconstruction is initiated by a PBCH signal reconstruction block  314  (which encodes a decoded PBCH signal provided by the block  304 ), which provides a reconstructed PBCH signal to the channel estimation block  318 . The channel estimation may then be performed based on the reference signal, the reconstructed SCH signal (provided by the SCH signal reconstruction block  310 ), and the reconstructed PBCH signal (provided by the PBCH signal reconstruction block  314 ). 
     Similarly, following PCFICH detection (by the PCFICH detection block  306 , which decodes the PCFICH signal), a PCFICH reconstruction block  316  provides a reconstructed PCFICH signal (i.e., encodes a decoded PCFICH signal) to the channel estimation block  318 . Channel estimation may then be performed by the channel estimation block  318  based on the reference signal, the reconstructed SCH signal (provided by the SCH signal reconstruction block  310 ), the reconstructed PBCH signal (provided by the PBCH signal reconstruction block  314 ), and the reconstructed PCFICH signal (provided by the PCFICH reconstruction block  316 ). When the PBCH does not pass a CRC, PBCH signal reconstruction is not initiated and a reconstructed PBCH signal is not provided to the channel estimation block. It should be appreciated that one or more of the SCH, PBCH, and PCFICH signals may be utilized in conjunction with an RS to provide an improved channel estimation. 
     Turning to  FIG. 4 , a channel estimation and tracking process  400 , that may be employed in a SS of a wireless communication system, is depicted. The process  400 , which may be utilized to improve channel estimation and tracking, is initiated at block  402 , at which point control transfers to block  404 . In block  404 , a receiver of an SS receives an RS and one or more non-error propagation physical channel signal. Next, in block  406 , a processor performs channel estimation (and/or tracking) based on the RS and at least one of the one or more non-error propagation physical channel signals. Next, in block  408 , the process  400  terminates and control returns to a calling routine. 
     With reference to  FIG. 5 , an example wireless communication system  500  is depicted that includes a plurality of subscriber stations or wireless communication devices  502 , e.g., hand-held computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), cellular telephones, etc., that may perform channel estimation and tracking according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. In general, the devices  502  include a processor  508  (e.g., a digital signal processor (DSP)), a transceiver  506 , and one or more input/output devices  504  (e.g., a camera, a keypad, display, etc.), among other components not shown in  FIG. 5 . As is noted above, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a technique is disclosed that generally improves channel estimation and tracking. The devices  502  communicate with a base station controller (BSC)  512  of a base station subsystem (BSS)  510 , via one or more base transceiver stations (BTS)  514 , to receive or transmit voice and/or data and to receive control signals. In general, the BSC  512  may also be configured to choose a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) for each of the devices  502 , based on channel conditions. 
     The BSC  512  is also in communication with a packet control unit (PCU)  516 , which is in communication with a serving general packet radio service (GPRS) support node (SGSN)  522 . The SGSN  522  is in communication with a gateway GPRS support node (GGSN)  524 , both of which are included within a GPRS core network  520 . The GGSN  524  provides access to computer(s)  526  coupled to Internet/intranet  528 . In this manner, the devices  502  may receive data from and/or transmit data to computers coupled to the Internet/intranet  528 . For example, when the devices  502  include a camera, images may be transferred to a computer  526  coupled to the internet/intranet  528  or to another one of the devices  502 . The BSC  512  is also in communication with a mobile switching center/visitor location register (MSC/VLR)  534 , which is in communication with a home location register (HLR), an authentication center (AUC), and an equipment identity register (MR)  532 . In a typical implementation, the MSC/VLR  534  and the HLR, AUC, and EIR  532  are located within a network and switching subsystem (NSS)  530 , which performs various functions for the system  500 . The SGSN  522  may communicate directly with the MR, AUC, and EIR  532 . As is also shown, the MSC/VLR  534  is in communication with a public switched telephone network (PSTN)  542 , which facilitates communication between wireless devices  502  and land telephone(s)  540 . 
     As used herein, a software system can include one or more objects, agents, threads, subroutines, separate software applications, two or more lines of code or other suitable software structures operating in one or more separate software applications, on one or more different processors, or other suitable software architectures. 
     As will be appreciated, the processes in preferred embodiments of the present invention may be implemented using any combination of computer programming software, firmware or hardware. As a preparatory step to practicing the invention in software, the computer programming code (whether software or firmware) according to a preferred embodiment will typically be stored in one or more machine readable storage mediums such as fixed (hard) drives, diskettes, optical disks, magnetic tape, semiconductor memories such as read-only memories (ROMs), programmable ROMs (PROMs), etc., thereby making an article of manufacture in accordance with the invention. The article of manufacture containing the computer programming code is used by either executing the code directly from the storage device, by copying the code from the storage device into another storage device such as a hard disk, random access memory (RAM), etc., or by transmitting the code for remote execution. The method form of the invention may be practiced by combining one or more machine-readable storage devices containing the code according to the present invention with appropriate standard computer hardware to execute the code contained therein. An apparatus for practicing the invention could be one or more computers and storage systems containing or having network access to computer program(s) coded in accordance with the invention. 
     Although the invention is described herein with reference to specific embodiments, various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention as set forth in the claims below. For example, many of the techniques disclosed herein are broadly applicable to a wide variety of wireless communication systems. Accordingly, the specification and figures are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense, and all such modifications are intended to be included with the scope of the present invention. Any benefits, advantages, or solution to problems that are described herein with regard to specific embodiments are not intended to be construed as a critical, required, or essential feature or element of any or all the claims. 
     Unless stated otherwise, terms such as “first” and “second” are used to arbitrarily distinguish between the elements such terms describe. Thus, these terms are not necessarily intended to indicate temporal or other prioritization of such elements.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20120806
Publication Date: 20150915
Grant Date: 20150915
Priority Date: 20081014
Inventors: CHEN NING
AZIZ AHSAN U.
DEHNER LEO G.
KIM TAEYOON
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H04L5/0053", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W28/04", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L25/0204", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L25/0236", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L25/0236", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W56/0055", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L25/0236", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L25/0204", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W56/0055", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W28/04", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L5/0053", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 42098811