PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-11098218-B2
Application Number: US-201916362455-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Coatings for electronic devices

Abstract:
Patterned and plasma-treated coatings for surfaces of electronic devices are disclosed. The patterned and plasma-treated coatings may include a linear fluorinated oligomer or linear fluorinated polymer and may be transparent. Regions of a patterned coating may be micro-sized. The pattern defined by the coating may not be visually discernable, but may affect the frictional properties of the coating.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An electronic device comprising:
 a display; 
 an enclosure at least partially surrounding the display and defining an outer surface; 
 an adhesion layer on the outer surface; and 
 a patterned coating bonded to the adhesion layer and defining a network of interconnected regions comprising a linear fluorinated material, the network of interconnected regions defining apertures having a size ranging from 10 μm to 75 μm. 
 
     
     
       2. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the network of interconnected regions has the form of a grid, the grid defining gridlines having a lateral dimension ranging from 10 μm to 75 μm. 
     
     
       3. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the patterned coating defines a first pattern; 
 the adhesion layer defines a second pattern substantially the same as the first pattern; and 
 the apertures expose the outer surface of the enclosure. 
 
     
     
       4. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the patterned coating is oleophobic. 
     
     
       5. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the network of interconnected regions comprising the linear fluorinated material is disposed over about 20% to about 80% of an area spanned by the adhesion layer. 
     
     
       6. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the linear fluorinated material comprises linear fluorinated oligomer molecules or linear fluorinated polymer molecules; and 
 the linear fluorinated oligomer molecules or the linear fluorinated polymer molecules comprise perfluoropolyether repeat units. 
 
     
     
       7. The electronic device of  claim 1 , further comprising a wireless charging component within the enclosure. 
     
     
       8. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the patterned coating has a coefficient of friction greater than that of a continuous coating of the linear fluorinated material; and 
 the patterned coating is disposed on a glass enclosure component. 
 
     
     
       9. An electronic device comprising:
 a display; 
 an enclosure comprising a glass cover member; 
 a touch sensor at least partially within the enclosure and configured to detect touch inputs applied to a surface of the enclosure; and 
 a patterned coating positioned along an outer surface of the glass cover member and defining a set of distinct micro-scale regions, each micro-scale region of the set of distinct micro-scale regions including a linear fluorinated oligomer and having a lateral dimension, parallel to the glass cover member, ranging from 10 μm to 75 μm, and each pair of adjacent micro-scale regions of the set of distinct micro-scale regions separated from one another by a micro-scale spacing less than or equal to the lateral dimension of each of the pair of adjacent micro-scale regions. 
 
     
     
       10. The electronic device of  claim 9 , wherein the micro-scale regions of the set of distinct micro-scale regions are arranged in a grid pattern. 
     
     
       11. The electronic device of  claim 10 , wherein each of the micro-scale regions of the set of distinct micro-scale regions has a square shape. 
     
     
       12. The electronic device of  claim 10 , wherein each of the micro-scale regions of the set of distinct micro-scale regions has a circular shape. 
     
     
       13. The electronic device of  claim 9 , wherein:
 the patterned coating is bonded to an adhesion layer along the outer surface of the glass cover member; and 
 the micro-scale regions of the set of distinct micro-scale regions are disposed over about 20% to about 80% of an area of the adhesion layer. 
 
     
     
       14. The electronic device of  claim 9 , wherein:
 the glass cover member is a first glass cover member defining a first side of the electronic device; and 
 the enclosure further comprises a second glass cover member defining a second side of the electronic device opposite the first side. 
 
     
     
       15. A cover glass for an electronic device comprising:
 an outer surface; 
 an adhesion layer on the outer surface; and 
 a coating on the adhesion layer and comprising:
 a network of interconnected first regions comprising a linear fluorinated material, the network of interconnected first regions defining apertures having a size ranging from 10 μm to 75 μm; and 
 one or more second regions comprising a branched fluorinated material, the one or more second regions positioned within the apertures. 
 
 
     
     
       16. The cover glass of  claim 15 , wherein the linear fluorinated material comprises linear fully fluorinated oligomer molecules, linear fully fluorinated polymer molecules, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
       17. The cover glass of  claim 15 , wherein the linear fluorinated material has a molecular weight from about 500 to about 10,000. 
     
     
       18. The cover glass of  claim 17 , wherein the branched fluorinated material has a molecular weight less than the molecular weight of the linear fluorinated material. 
     
     
       19. The cover glass of  claim 15 , wherein the coating has a thickness less than about 100 nm. 
     
     
       20. The cover glass of  claim 15 , wherein
 the coating has a coefficient of friction greater than that of a continuous coating of the linear fluorinated material.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S) 
     This application is a non-provisional patent application of and claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/736,646, filed Sep. 26, 2018 and titled “Coatings for Electronic Devices,” the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     The described embodiments relate generally to coatings for electronic devices. More particularly, the present embodiments relate to coatings including a linear fluorinated oligomer or linear fluorinated polymer. 
     BACKGROUND 
     External surfaces of electronic devices may be coated to provide resistance to fingerprints, smudges, and the like. For example, an oleophobic coating may be applied to a touch-sensitive input surface to improve its resistance to oils and other deposits that may affect appearance and performance. Such coatings may also make the device feel slippery or otherwise have a relatively low coefficient of friction. 
     SUMMARY 
     Embodiments described herein relate to coatings for electronic devices. Typically, the coatings described herein are applied to an external surface of the electronic device. The coatings may be patterned or plasma treated. The coatings may repel or be resistant to water, oil, or both due, in part, to inclusion of a fluorinated material in the coating. In embodiments, the fluorinated material includes a linear fluorinated oligomer or linear fluorinated polymer. 
     In some embodiments, the coating may be patterned to define regions or features of the fluorinated material. In aspects disclosed herein, the pattern defined by the coating is not visually discernable to the human eye, but imparts desired frictional properties. In embodiments, the patterned coating maintains good durability and resistance to water and/or oil. 
     In additional embodiments, the coating may be plasma treated to impart desired frictional properties. The plasma-treated coating may form a substantially continuous coating, rather than a patterned coating, over the external surface of the electronic device. The plasma-treated coating may also maintain good durability and resistance to water and/or oil. The plasma treatment may etch the coating, thereby reducing the thickness of the coating. Shortening the length of the molecules of the fluorinated material may increase the coefficient of friction of the coating. The plasma treatment may also modify the surface composition and/or the surface topography of the coating. 
     The disclosure also provides electronic devices comprising one or more coatings as described herein. As examples, the coating may be a patterned coating or an etched coating. The electronic device may comprise an enclosure that defines an outer surface and a patterned coating along the outer surface. The enclosure may further comprise an adhesion layer and the patterned coating may be bonded to the adhesion layer. The patterned coating may be located along one or more of a front surface, a back surface, or a side surface of the enclosure. For example, the linear fluorinated material is a linear fluorinated oligomer or polymer. 
     In some embodiments, the electronic device comprises a display and an enclosure at least partially surrounding the display and defining an outer surface. The electronic device further comprises an adhesion layer on the outer surface and a patterned coating bonded to the adhesion layer and defining one or more regions comprising a linear fluorinated material. 
     In additional embodiments, an electronic device comprises a display; an enclosure comprising a glass cover member, and a touch sensor at least partially within the enclosure and configured to detect touch inputs applied to a surface of the enclosure. The electronic device further comprises a patterned coating positioned along an outer surface of the glass cover member and defining micro-scale regions including a linear fluorinated oligomer and separated from one another by a micro-scale spacing. 
     The disclosure further provides cover glasses for electronic devices. In some embodiments, a cover glass comprises an outer surface, an adhesion layer on the outer surface; and a coating on the adhesion layer. The coating comprises one or more first regions comprising a linear fluorinated material and one or more second regions comprising a branched fluorinated material. 
     The disclosure additionally provides methods for making patterned coatings. In some embodiments, a coating is deposited through a mask to define features or regions of the coating. In additional embodiments, the coating is etched through a mask to define features or regions of the coating. 
     In some embodiments, a method of coating an electronic device with a coating comprises forming an adhesion layer along an external surface of a housing of an electronic device. In addition, the method comprises forming a patterned coating comprising a fluorinated material along the adhesion layer. The fluorinated material may be selected from the group consisting of a linear fluorinated oligomer, a linear fluorinated polymer, and combinations thereof. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The disclosure will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like elements. 
         FIG. 1A  shows a front view of an example electronic device; 
         FIG. 1B  shows a rear view of the electronic device of  FIG. 1A ; 
         FIG. 2A  shows an enlarged top view of an example patterned coating defining multiple discrete regions; 
         FIG. 2B  shows an example of a partial cross-sectional view of the patterned coating of  FIG. 2A ; 
         FIG. 2C  shows another example of a partial cross-sectional view of the patterned coating of  FIG. 2A ; 
         FIG. 3  shows an enlarged top view of an additional example patterned coating defining multiple discrete regions; 
         FIG. 4A  shows an enlarged top view of an example patterned coating defining a network; 
         FIG. 4B  shows an example of a partial cross-sectional view of the patterned coating of  FIG. 4A ; 
         FIG. 5  shows an enlarged top view of an additional example patterned coating defining a network; 
         FIG. 6A  shows an enlarged top view of an example patterned coating defining first and second regions including different materials; 
         FIG. 6B  shows an example of a partial cross-sectional view of the patterned coating of  FIG. 6A ; 
         FIGS. 7A and 7B  schematically show examples of linear fluorinated molecules; 
         FIGS. 8A and 8B  schematically show examples of branched fluorinated molecules; 
         FIG. 9  shows a flowchart of an example process for making a patterned coating; 
         FIG. 10  shows a flowchart of another example process for making a patterned coating; 
         FIGS. 11A, 11B, 11C, 11D, 11E, and 11F  show stages in a process for making a patterned coating; 
         FIG. 12  shows a flowchart of an additional example process for making a patterned coating; 
         FIGS. 13A, 13B, 13C, 13D, 13E, 13F, and 13G  show stages in a process for making a patterned coating; 
         FIG. 14  shows a flowchart of an example process for making a patterned coating including two different materials; 
         FIGS. 15A and 15B  schematically show partial cross-sectional views of an example patterned coating including two different materials; 
         FIGS. 16A, 16B, 16C, and 16D  show stages in a process for making a plasma-treated coating; and 
         FIG. 17  shows a block diagram of components of an electronic device. 
     
    
    
     The use of cross-hatching or shading in the accompanying figures is generally provided to clarify the boundaries between adjacent elements and also to facilitate legibility of the figures. Accordingly, neither the presence nor the absence of cross-hatching or shading conveys or indicates any preference or requirement for particular materials, material properties, element proportions, element dimensions, commonalities of similarly illustrated elements, or any other characteristic, attribute, or property for any element illustrated in the accompanying figures. 
     Additionally, it should be understood that the proportions and dimensions (either relative or absolute) of the various features and elements (and collections and groupings thereof) and the boundaries, separations, and positional relationships presented therebetween, are provided in the accompanying figures merely to facilitate an understanding of the various embodiments described herein and, accordingly, may not necessarily be presented or illustrated to scale, and are not intended to indicate any preference or requirement for an illustrated embodiment to the exclusion of embodiments described with reference thereto. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Reference will now be made in detail to representative embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the following descriptions are not intended to limit the embodiments to one preferred implementation. To the contrary, the described embodiments are intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as can be included within the spirit and scope of the disclosure and as defined by the appended claims. 
     The following disclosure relates to coatings for electronic devices. Conventional coatings for electronic devices may improve the resistance of the device to oils and other deposits that may affect appearance and performance. Such coatings may also make the device feel slippery or have a relatively low coefficient of friction, which can increase the chances of the device falling off a support surface or slipping out of a user&#39;s hands. 
     Described herein are embodiments of coatings for electronic devices that provide a balance of properties including desirable frictional properties, durability, and repellency to water and/or oil. In embodiments, the coatings are patterned to define one or more regions of a fluorinated material. The one or more regions may be configured to provide desired frictional properties to the coating. For example, the one or more regions may be configured to make the coating less slippery. The coatings described herein may provide several advantages including, but not limited to, making the electronic device easier to hold and facilitating wireless charging functions. 
     In aspects disclosed herein, patterning of the coating defines apertures or gaps in the coating which are not visually discernable to the unaided eye, but impart desired frictional properties. For example, patterning of the coating may increase the coefficient of friction of the coating as compared to that of a comparable coating which is not patterned. In embodiments, the coating may have the appearance of being smooth or continuous even when it contains micro-scale (or smaller) apertures or gaps. 
     Patterning of the coating may define regions of a first fluorinated material and regions of a second fluorinated material. The differences between the two types of regions may not be visually discernable to the unaided eye. Inclusion of two different fluorinated materials in the coating, such as a linear and a branched fluorinated material, may impart desired frictional properties to the coating. The resulting coating may have a greater coefficient of friction as compared to a coating which includes only the linear fluorinated material. 
     Generally, the coating may define any of a number of patterns. As examples, the pattern may be regular or irregular. In additional examples, the pattern may be isotropic or anisotropic. In embodiments, the pattern may define a network, an array of regions or a combination thereof. Therefore, the coating may be continuous (such as when the pattern defines a network of interconnected regions) or discontinuous (such as when the pattern defines an array of separated regions). The pattern may be a micro-pattern, which may refer to patterns that include micro-scale regions. For example, micro-scale (and micro-sized) refers to regions having a dimension greater than or equal to 1 micrometer and less than 1 mm. In embodiments, the area fraction of the regions of the fluorinated material may be from 10% to 75%, 20% to 75%, or 25% to 70%. In embodiments where a linear and a branched fluorinated material are included in the coating, the area fraction of the linear fluorinated material may be from 10% to 75%, 20% to 75%, or 25% to 70% (with the remaining percentage being the branched fluorinated material). 
     In additional aspects, the coatings are plasma treated to provide desired frictional properties to the coating and make the coating less slippery. By the way of example, the coating may be exposed to an atmospheric-pressure plasma. The plasma treatment may etch the coating, thereby reducing the thickness of the coating. As the thickness of the coating decreases, the length and molecular weight of the fluorinated oligomer or polymer molecules also generally decreases. Shorter fluorinated oligomer or polymer molecules may be stiffer and thus provide a higher coefficient of friction. The plasma treatment may also modify the surface composition and/or the surface topography of the coating. In further embodiments, plasma treatment may cause crosslinking of the fluorinated oligomer or polymer molecules. Plasma treatment may be performed over the entire coating or a portion of the coating (e.g., a patterned portion). 
     In some embodiments described herein, the coating comprises a linear fluorinated material. As an example, the linear fluorinated material is a linear fluorinated oligomer or a linear fluorinated polymer. As an additional example, the coating may comprise linear fluorinated oligomer molecules, linear fluorinated polymer molecules, or a combination thereof. The coating may also comprise a linear fluorinated material and a branched fluorinated material. As an example, the branched fluorinated material is a branched fluorinated oligomer or polymer. 
     As previously discussed, the coatings described herein may be applied to an outer surface of an enclosure for an electronic device, including, but not limited to, a front surface, a back surface, and/or a side surface of the device. In embodiments, the outer surface of the enclosure may comprise glass. As examples, the surface may be provided by a front cover glass and/or a back cover glass, an enclosure component other than cover glass, or a single-piece glass enclosure. In further embodiments, the outer surface of the enclosure may comprise a ceramic or a glass ceramic. 
     These and other embodiments are discussed below with reference to  FIGS. 1-17 . However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the detailed description given herein with respect to these figures is for explanatory purposes only and should not be construed as limiting. 
       FIG. 1A  depicts a front view of a simplified example of an electronic device  100 . In embodiments, the electronic device  100  may be a mobile telephone, a notebook computing device (e.g., a notebook), a tablet computing device (e.g., a tablet), a portable media player, a wearable device, or another type of portable device. The electronic device  100  may also be a desktop or notebook computer system, an input device, or virtually any other type of electronic product or device components. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1A , the electronic device includes an enclosure  110 . The enclosure  110  includes a cover member  120  and housing  130 . The cover member  120  may be coupled to housing  130  using a faster or fastening technique. For example, the cover member  120  may be coupled to the housing  130  using an adhesive, an engagement feature, a fastener, or a combination thereof. 
     The electronic device  100  defines a front surface  102  and a side surface  106 . As shown in  FIG. 1A , the front surface  102  is defined, at least in part, by the cover member  120  and the side surface  106  is defined, at least in part, by the housing  130 . 
     The cover member  120  may form part or all of the enclosure  110 . In embodiments, the enclosure  110  may include both a front and a rear cover (e.g., one or both of which may be formed of or include glass), with each being separate enclosure components. In further embodiments, the cover member  120  may be a single monolithic component (e.g., a single piece of glass) which defines a back cover and a housing or a front cover, a back cover, and a housing. In some cases, the cover member  120  may define substantially the entire front surface of a device as well as a portion (or all) of a surrounding sidewall or side of the device. The cover member  120  may also define substantially the entire rear surface of the device as well as a portion (or all) of a surrounding sidewall or side of the device. Likewise, the cover member  120  may define front, rear, and sides of a device. 
     Typical cover members herein are thin, typically less than 5 mm in thickness, and more typically less than 3 mm in thickness. In some aspects, the cover member can be from about 0.1 mm to 2 mm in thickness, and more typically from 0.15 mm to 1 mm in thickness. 
     The cover member  120  may be formed of or include a glass, a glass ceramic, a plastic, or other suitable materials. In embodiments, a cover member, such as cover member  120  may comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of a glass member, such as a sheet of glass (e.g., a flat glass sheet or a contoured or shaped glass sheet). In some cases a cover member (e.g., cover member  120 ) may be formed from multiple layers that include one or more glass sheets, polymer sheets, glass ceramic sheets, ceramic sheets, and/or various coatings and layers. By way of example, coatings may be organic (e.g., an organic polymer), inorganic (e.g., a metal or a ceramic), or combinations thereof. 
     As previously discussed, a coating may be applied to an outer surface of the enclosure  110  so that the coating defines an exterior surface of the electronic device. Therefore, in embodiments the coatings described herein may be referred to as surface coatings. In embodiments, the coatings may be transparent to light in the visible spectrum. For the purposes of illustration,  FIG. 1A  shows coating  140  applied to an outer surface of cover member  120  and therefore defining front surface  102  of the electronic device. In embodiments, the coating is a patterned coating or is plasma treated, as disclosed herein. However, in additional embodiments, the coating may be applied to any outer surface of an enclosure, such as the front surface, a back surface, a side surface, or a combination of any of these surfaces. Examples of patterned coatings are shown in  FIGS. 2A-6B . 
     Electronic device  100  may include one or more components at least partially enclosed by enclosure  110 . In embodiments, electronic device  100  may include one or more of memory, a processor, control circuitry, a battery, an input device, an output device, a display, a sensor, or a charging component. Components of a sample electronic device are discussed in more detail below with respect to  FIG. 17 . 
     By the way of example, electronic device  100  may include a display  153 . The cover member  120  may be provided as part of or over a display  153 . The display  153  may produce high-resolution graphical output and the graphical output from the display  153  may be viewable through the cover member  120 , in which case at least a portion of the cover member  120  may be transparent. In embodiments, the cover member may be transparent to light in the visible spectrum, translucent, opaque, or combinations of these. A more detailed description of the display  153  is included below with respect to  FIG. 17 . 
     Further, the electronic device  100  may include a touch sensor configured to detect a touch input at a surface of the enclosure. The touch sensor may be positioned below the cover member  120  and may comprise an array of capacitive electrodes. A touch sensor in combination with the display  153  may define a touchscreen or a touch-sensitive display. 
     Electronic device  100  may further include a charging component of a wireless charging system (e.g., wireless charging component  155  of  FIG. 1B ). The wireless charging system may include an induction coil and associated circuitry and/or other components, and may facilitate wireless transfer of power between the electronic device  100  and another device, such as a charger, a power source, another electronic device (e.g., a wearable electronic device), or the like. In some cases, the charging component (e.g., the wireless charging component  155 ) corresponds to an induction coil. 
     Coating  140  may facilitate and/or improve wireless charging of the electronic device  100  (or of a second electronic device). For example, electronic device  100  to which the coating  140  has been applied may be placed in contact with or in proximity to a wireless charging device (e.g., a charging station, charging pad, or the like), and the coating may help keep the electronic device  100  in contact with the wireless charging device. As an additional example, coating  140  may facilitate wireless charging of a second electronic device that is placed in contact with an external surface of the electronic device  100  (in which case the second electronic device may receive electrical power from and/or send electrical power to the electronic device  100 ). In this case, coating  140  may help prevent or reduce slippage between the electronic device  100  and the other device that is in contact with the coated surface, thereby helping to keep the wireless charging component  155  aligned with a corresponding component of the second electronic device. 
       FIG. 1B  depicts a back view of the electronic device  100  of  FIG. 1A . The housing  130  further comprises back surface  104 . The back surface  104  and side surface  106  may each be defined by a metal, a glass, or a glass ceramic component. In further embodiments, the electronic device  100  may further include a second cover member  120  (which may define all or some of the back surface  104 ). For example, the electronic device may include both a front and a rear cover member. In embodiments, the rear cover member may also include a coating as described herein.  FIG. 1B  also schematically illustrates the location of internal wireless charging component  155 . As described herein, the back surface  104  may be coated with coating  140  (or any other coating described herein) at least along the area corresponding to the wireless charging component  155 . This positioning of coating  140  may reduce the likelihood of the electronic device  100  and another electronic device (e.g., a charging pad, a separate electronic device) slipping, sliding, or otherwise moving relative to one another while they are in contact with one another. 
       FIGS. 1A-1B  illustrate an electronic device  100  having an enclosure  110  that can include cover members  120  (e.g., front and back cover members) and a housing  130 . In some cases, the cover members  120  are formed of a transparent material such as glass, and the housing  130  is formed of a metal or other opaque material. In other examples, the back cover member ( FIG. 1B ) and the housing  130  may be a single monolithic component formed of a single component (e.g., metal, glass, polymer, etc.). In yet other examples, the back and front covers  120  and the housing  130  may be a single, monolithic component (e.g., a single piece of glass). Other configurations are also possible. Moreover, coatings described herein may be applied to any of the surfaces of the enclosure  110 , regardless of the materials or construction of the enclosure components. 
     In embodiments, the various surfaces of cover member  120 , housing  130 , and enclosure  110  may be referenced with respect to their orientation in an electronic device. For example, cover member  120  may have a surface which faces an exterior of the electronic device. This surface may also form an outer surface of the cover member. The outer surface may include a front surface of glass article. Similarly, cover member  120  may have a surface which faces an interior of the electronic device. This surface may be referred to as an inner surface. The interior surface may include a back or rear surface of cover member  120 . Some glass articles may also include at least one side surface between the interior surface and the outer surface. The orientation of the apparatus is not intended to be limited by the use of the terms “interior,” “exterior,” “front”, “rear,” “back,” and “side” and so forth. 
       FIG. 2A  shows an enlarged view of a patterned coating  240  along an outer surface of an enclosure of an electronic device  200 . The patterned coating comprises regions  242  comprising a fluorinated material. Alternately, regions  242  may be referred to as features of the coating. 
     As previously discussed, the coating may define any of a number of patterns. In embodiments, patterned coatings as described herein may provide desirable frictional properties while also providing desirable levels of durability and repellency to water and/or oil. As shown in  FIG. 2A , the regions  242  have a generally square shape and form an array with substantially uniform spacing between regions. The array of the regions  242  may define a grid pattern. However, the shape of the regions shown in  FIG. 2A  is not limiting, and the regions may have any of a number of shapes. As shown in  FIG. 2A , regions  242  have a lateral dimension X 1 . In embodiments, a lateral dimension of a region may be micro-sized. As used herein, micro-sized (as well as micro-scale) may refer to a dimension greater than or equal to 1 micrometer and less than 1 mm. In embodiments, the lateral dimension of the regions is from 5 μm to 100 μm, from 10 μm to 75 μm, or from 20 μm to 50 μm. In some embodiments, the dimension that is micro-sized may be the longest dimension inside the shape (e.g., for a triangle or a rectangle). 
     A region  242  may be spaced apart from another region by a distance X 2  (e.g., measured from an edge of one region to an edge of another region). In embodiments, a spacing between regions may be micro-sized, having a dimension greater than or equal to 1 micrometer and less than 1 mm. In embodiments, a lateral spacing between regions X 2  is from 5 μm to 100 μm, from 10 μm to 75 μm, or from 20 μm to 50 μm. In further embodiments, a spacing between regions may be less than or equal to the lateral dimension of the regions. In additional embodiments, a pattern may be described in terms of the center to center distance between regions (also referred to as the pitch of the regions). As shown in  FIG. 2B , the pitch P 1  along a lateral direction is equal to the sum of X 1  and X 2 , though other pitches are also contemplated. The pitch may also be micro-sized. In additional embodiments, an average spacing or pitch may be used to characterize the coating, such as when the spacing or pitch is randomized. 
     In embodiments, a pattern may also be described by the area fraction of the regions of a fluorinated material. For example, for a given area of the enclosure, the area fraction of the pattern of the fluorinated material is given by the area of the region(s) of the fluorinated material divided by the given area. The given area of the enclosure may correspond to the entire front surface of the enclosure, the entire front surface of the glass cover, or the like. In embodiments, the area fraction of the pattern is from about 10% to about 80%, from about 20% to about 75%, or about 25% to about 70%. When the patterned coating comprises a first linear fluorinated material and a second branched fluorinated material (as described with respect to  FIGS. 6A-6B ), the area fraction of the first linear fluorinated material may be about 10% to about 80%, from about 20% to about 75%, or about 25% to about 70%. In some embodiments, the sum of the area fractions of the first linear fluorinated material and the second branched fluorinated material is at least 90%, at least 95%, or approximately 100%. 
       FIG. 2B  is an example cross-sectional view of the patterned coating  240  of  FIG. 2A , viewed along line  2 B- 2 B in  FIG. 2A . As shown in  FIG. 2B , regions  242  are defined by a linear fluorinated oligomer or a linear fluorinated polymer (e.g., an oleophobic coating) disposed on adhesion layer  250 , which in turn is disposed on cover member  220 . The adhesion layer  250  is exposed between regions  242 . As previously described, the cover member (which may be an embodiment of the cover member  120 ) may be formed of or include a glass, a glass ceramic, a plastic, or other suitable materials. The cover member may also comprise a transparent region. Cover member  220  acts as a substrate for adhesion layer  250 . 
     In embodiments, adhesion layer  250  is thin relative to regions  242 . For example, thickness T 1  of regions  242  may be at least twice thickness T 2  of the adhesion layer  250 . In embodiments, thickness T 2  of the adhesion layer is 10 nm or less, such as from 1 nm to 10 nm or from 1 nm to 5 nm. In embodiments, the thickness T 1  of the regions is from 5 to 20 nm or from 10 to 50 nm. In embodiments, adhesion layer  250  comprises a silicon oxide, comprises silicon dioxide, or consists essentially of silicon dioxide. 
     The fluorinated material within regions  242  is schematically indicated in  FIG. 2B  by wavy lines, though this may not represent the exact shape or configuration of the fluorinated material. In embodiments, the fluorinated material is selected from the group consisting of a linear fluorinated oligomer, a linear fluorinated polymer, and combinations thereof. By the way of example, the fluorinated may comprise a linear fluorinated oligomer. Examples of linear fluorinated oligomers and linear fluorinated polymers are discussed in greater detail below. As in  FIG. 2A , X 1  is the lateral dimension of regions  242 , X 2  is the spacing between regions  242 , and P 1  is the lateral pitch between regions  242 . In embodiments, the pitch between regions may be micro-sized. Values for the lateral dimensions X 1 , X 2  and P 1  may be as previously described for  FIG. 2A . 
       FIG. 2C  is another example of a cross-sectional view of the patterned coating  240  of  FIG. 2A . In contrast to adhesion layer  250  of  FIG. 2B , adhesion layer  250  of  FIG. 2C  is patterned and includes regions  252 . As shown in  FIG. 2C , regions  242  of the patterned coating  240  are disposed on regions  252  of adhesion layer  250 . The regions  252  of adhesion layer  250  define a second pattern which is substantially the same as the first pattern defined by regions  242  of the coating. As in  FIG. 2B , adhesion layer is disposed on cover member  220 . Due to the patterning of adhesion layer  250 , cover member  220  is exposed between regions  252 . 
     As previously described, the cover member may be formed of or include a glass, a glass ceramic, a plastic, or other suitable materials and may also comprise a transparent region. In embodiments, adhesion layer  250  comprises an inorganic material. As examples, adhesion layer  250  may comprise a silicon oxide, such as silicon dioxide, or consist essentially of silicon dioxide. 
     In embodiments, adhesion layer  250  is thin relative to regions  242 . For example, thickness T 1  of regions  242  may be at least twice the thickness T 2  of the adhesion layer  250 . In embodiments, thickness T 2  of the adhesion layer is 10 nm or less, such as from 1 nm to 10 nm or from 1 nm to 5 nm. In embodiments, the thickness T 1  of the regions is from 5 to 20 nm or from 10 to 50 nm. 
     The fluorinated material within regions  242  is schematically indicated by wavy lines, though this may not represent the exact shape or configuration of the fluorinated material. In embodiments, the fluorinated material is selected from the group consisting of a linear fluorinated oligomer, a linear fluorinated polymer, and combinations thereof. By the way of example, the fluorinated may comprise a linear fluorinated oligomer. Examples of linear fluorinated oligomers and linear fluorinated polymers are discussed in greater detail below. As in  FIG. 2A , X 1  is the lateral dimension of regions  242 , X 2  is the spacing between regions  142 , and P 1  is the lateral pitch between regions  242 . In embodiments, the pitch between regions may be micro-sized. Values for the lateral dimensions X 1 , X 2  and P 1  may be as previously described for  FIG. 2A . 
       FIG. 3  shows an enlarged view of another example patterned coating  340  along an outer surface of an enclosure. Patterned coating  340  comprises regions  342  comprising a fluorinated material. As shown in  FIG. 3 , the regions  342  have a generally circular shape and form an array with substantially uniform spacing between regions. Alternately, regions  342  may be referred to as features of the coating. 
     As shown in  FIG. 3 , regions  342  have a lateral dimension X 1 , which in this case is a diameter of the generally circular region. In embodiments, the lateral dimension of regions  342  may be micro-sized, having a dimension greater than or equal to 1 micrometer and less than 1 mm. In embodiments, the lateral dimension of the regions is from 5 μm to 100 μm, from 10 μm to 75 μm, or from 20 μm to 50 μm. For the pattern of  FIG. 3 , the spacing between the regions varies due to the generally circular shape of the regions. In further embodiments, a minimum spacing between the regions may be less than or equal to the lateral dimension of the regions. 
     The pattern of  FIG. 3  may be described in terms of the center to center distance between regions, or pitch P 1 . In embodiments where the regions  342  are generally circular, the pitch P 1  may be equal to the lateral dimension X 1  or may be greater than X 1 . In embodiments, the pitch between regions may be micro-sized, having a dimension greater than or equal to 1 micrometer and less than 1 mm. 
     In embodiments, the fluorinated material within regions  342  is selected from the group consisting of a linear fluorinated oligomer, a linear fluorinated polymer, and combinations thereof. By the way of example, the fluorinated material may comprise a linear fluorinated oligomer. Examples of linear fluorinated oligomers and linear fluorinated polymers are discussed in greater detail below. 
       FIG. 4A  shows an enlarged view of another example patterned coating  440  along an outer surface of an enclosure of an electronic device  400 . The patterned coating defines regions  442  comprising a fluorinated material. As shown in  FIG. 4A , the regions  442  are connected to form a network and the network defines apertures  444 . As shown in  FIG. 4A , the network has the form of a grid and apertures  444  have a generally square shape. However, the network and aperture shapes shown are not limiting and the network and the apertures may have any number of shapes (e.g., the apertures  444  may be circular, rectangular, triangular, or any other suitable shape). 
     As shown in  FIG. 4A , the regions  442  of the network have a lateral dimension X 1 . In embodiments, the lateral dimension of regions  442  may be micro-sized or micro-scale, having a dimension greater than or equal to 1 micrometer and less than 1 mm. In embodiments, the lateral dimension of the regions is from 5 μm to 100 μm, from 10 μm to 75 μm, or from 20 μm to 50 μm. 
     Apertures  444  may have a lateral dimension X 2 . In embodiments, the lateral dimension of the apertures may be micro-sized or micro-scale, having a dimension greater than or equal to 1 micrometer and less than 1 mm. In embodiments, the lateral dimension X 2  is from 5 μm to 100 μm, from 10 μm to 75 μm, or from 20 μm to 50 μm. In additional embodiments, the network may be described in terms of the center to center distance between regions, or pitch. As shown in  FIG. 4A , the pitch P 1  along a lateral direction is equal to the sum of X 1  and X 2 . The pitch may also be micro-sized. 
       FIG. 4B  is an example cross-sectional view of the patterned coating  440  of  FIG. 42A , viewed along line  4 B- 4 B in  FIG. 4A . As shown in  FIG. 4B , regions  442  are defined by a linear fluorinated oligomer or a linear fluorinated polymer (e.g., an oleophobic coating) disposed on adhesion layer  450 , which in turn is disposed on cover member  420 . As previously shown in  FIG. 4A , the regions  442  are connected to form a network and the network defines apertures  444 . As previously described, the cover member (which may be an embodiment of the cover member  120 ) may be formed of or include a glass, a glass ceramic, a plastic, or other suitable materials. The cover member may also comprise a transparent region. Cover member  420  acts as a substrate for adhesion layer  450 . 
     In embodiments, adhesion layer  450  is thin relative to regions  442 . The thicknesses of the regions  442  and the adhesion layer  450  may be similar to those described for the coating of  FIGS. 2A-2C . In embodiments, adhesion layer  450  comprises a silicon oxide, comprises silicon dioxide, or consists essentially of silicon dioxide. 
     The fluorinated material within regions  442  is schematically indicated in  FIG. 4B  by wavy lines, though this may not represent the exact shape or configuration of the fluorinated material. In embodiments, the fluorinated material is selected from the group consisting of a linear fluorinated oligomer, a linear fluorinated polymer, and combinations thereof. By the way of example, the fluorinated may comprise a linear fluorinated oligomer. Examples of linear fluorinated oligomers and linear fluorinated polymers are discussed in greater detail below. The dimensions of regions  442  and apertures  444  may be as described for  FIG. 4A . 
     As shown in  FIG. 4B , apertures  444  are regions where substantially no fluorinated material is present. Therefore, adhesion layer  450  is exposed at the location of apertures  444 . In embodiments were the adhesion layer is omitted, the cover member  420  may be exposed at the location of apertures  444 . 
     In embodiments, the fluorinated material within regions  442  is selected from the group consisting of a linear fluorinated oligomer, a linear fluorinated polymer, and combinations thereof. By the way of example, the fluorinated material may comprise a linear fluorinated oligomer. Examples of linear fluorinated oligomers and linear fluorinated polymers are discussed in greater detail below. 
       FIG. 5  shows an enlarged view of another example patterned coating  540  along an outer surface of an enclosure of an electronic device  500 . The patterned coating defines regions  542  comprising a fluorinated material. As shown in  FIG. 5 , the regions  542  are connected to form a network and the network defines apertures  544 . As shown in  FIG. 5 , the apertures  544  have a generally square shape. 
     As shown in  FIG. 5 , the lateral dimensions of the network regions  542  vary due to the shape of the apertures  544 . In embodiments, the lateral dimension of regions  542  may be micro-sized, having a dimension greater than or equal to 1 micrometer and less than 1 mm. In embodiments, the lateral dimension of the regions is from 5 μm to 100 μm, from 10 μm to 75 μm, or from 20 μm to 50 μm. 
     Apertures  544  may have a lateral dimension X 2 , which in this case is a diameter. In embodiments, the lateral dimension of the apertures may be micro-sized, having a dimension greater than or equal to 1 micrometer and less than 1 mm. In embodiments, the lateral dimension X 2  is from 5 μm to 100 μm, from 10 μm to 75 μm, or from 20 μm to 50 μm. In additional embodiments, a pattern may be described in terms of the center to center distance between regions, or pitch. As shown in  FIG. 5 , the pitch P 1  along a lateral direction is equal to the sum of X 1  and X 2 . The pitch may also be micro-sized. 
     In embodiments, the fluorinated material within regions  542  is selected from the group consisting of a linear fluorinated oligomer, a linear fluorinated polymer, and combinations thereof. By the way of example, the fluorinated material may comprise a linear fluorinated oligomer. Examples of linear fluorinated oligomers and linear fluorinated polymers are discussed in greater detail below. 
       FIG. 6A  shows an enlarged view of another example patterned coating  640  along an outer surface of an enclosure of an electronic device  600 . The patterned coating defines regions  642  comprising a first fluorinated material and regions  646  comprising a second fluorinated material. As shown in  FIG. 6A , the regions  642  are connected to form a network which has the form of a grid. The regions  646  have a generally square shape and are positioned within apertures of the network. 
     As shown in  FIG. 6A , the regions  642  of the network have a lateral dimension X 1 . In embodiments, the lateral dimension of regions  642  may be micro-sized, having a dimension greater than or equal to 1 micrometer and less than 1 mm. In embodiments, the lateral dimension of the regions is from 5 μm to 100 μm, from 10 μm to 75 μm, or from 20 μm to 50 μm. 
     Regions  646  may have a lateral dimension X 2 . In embodiments, the lateral dimension of the regions  646  may be micro-sized, having a dimension greater than or equal to 1 micrometer and less than 1 mm. In embodiments, the lateral dimension X 2  is from 5 μm to 100 μm, from 10 μm to 75 μm, or from 20 μm to 50 μm. In additional embodiments, a pattern may be described in terms of the center to center distance between regions, or pitch. As shown in  FIG. 6A , each of the pitch P 1  between regions  642  and the pitch P 2  between regions  646  is equal to the sum of X 1  and X 2 . The pitch P 1  and P 2  may also be micro-sized. 
     In embodiments, the fluorinated material within regions  642  is selected from the group consisting of a linear fluorinated oligomer, a linear fluorinated polymer, and combinations thereof. By the way of example, the fluorinated material may comprise a linear fluorinated oligomer. In embodiments, the fluorinated material within regions  648  is selected from the group consisting of a branched fluorinated oligomer, a branched fluorinated polymer, and combinations thereof. By the way of example, the fluorinated material may comprise a branched fluorinated oligomer. Examples of linear fluorinated oligomers, linear fluorinated polymers, branched fluorinated oligomers, and branched fluorinated polymers are discussed in greater detail below. 
       FIG. 6B  is an example cross-sectional view of the patterned coating  640  of  FIG. 6A , viewed along line  6 B- 6 B in  FIG. 6A . As shown in  FIG. 6B , regions  642  and  646  of the coating are disposed on adhesion layer  650 , which in turn is disposed on cover member  620  (which may be an embodiment of the cover member  120 ). As previously described, the cover member may be formed of or include a glass, a glass ceramic, a plastic, or other suitable materials. The cover member may also comprise a transparent region. 
     As shown in  FIG. 6B , the regions  642  of the network have a lateral dimension X 1 . In embodiments, the lateral dimension of regions  642  may be micro-sized, having a dimension greater than or equal to 1 micrometer and less than 1 mm. Regions  646  may have a lateral dimension X 2 . In additional embodiments, a pattern may be described in terms of the center to center distance between regions, or pitch. As shown in  FIG. 6B , the pitch P 1  along a lateral direction is equal to the sum of X 1  and X 2 . One or more of lateral dimensions X 1  and X 2  and pitch P 1  may be micro-sized. Values for the lateral dimensions X 1 , X 2  and P 1  may be as previously described for  FIG. 6A . 
     In embodiments, adhesion layer  650  is thin relative to regions  642 . For example, thickness T 1  of the regions  642  may be at least twice thickness T 3  of the adhesion layer. In embodiments, thickness T 3  of the adhesion layer is 10 nm or less, such as from 1 nm to 10 nm or from 1 nm to 5 nm. In embodiments, the thickness T 1  of the regions  642  is from 5 nm to 20 nm or from 10 nm to 50 nm. In some embodiments, the thickness T 2  of the regions  646  is substantially the same as the thickness T 1  of regions  642 . In additional embodiments, the thickness T 2  of the regions  646  is less than thickness T 1  of regions  642  and greater than that of adhesion layer  650 . In embodiments, adhesion layer  650  comprises a silicon oxide, comprises silicon dioxide, or consists essentially of silicon dioxide. 
     In embodiments, the fluorinated material within regions  642  is selected from the group consisting of a linear fluorinated oligomer, a linear fluorinated polymer, and combinations thereof. By the way of example, the fluorinated material may comprise a linear fluorinated oligomer. In embodiments, the fluorinated material within regions  648  is selected from the group consisting of a branched fluorinated oligomer, a branched fluorinated polymer, and combinations thereof. By the way of example, the fluorinated material may comprise a branched fluorinated oligomer. Examples of linear fluorinated oligomers, linear fluorinated polymers, branched fluorinated oligomers, and branched fluorinated polymers are discussed in greater detail below. 
     The present disclosure relates to coatings that may be described as hydrophobic, oleophobic, or both. In some embodiments, the contact angle of water, oil, or another liquid may be used to assess whether the coating is hydrophobic, oleophobic, or both. In addition, the surface energy of the coating may be used to predict whether the coating will repel water or oil. 
     In embodiments the description of the coating as hydrophobic or oleophobic may be based on the contact angle or an apparent contact angle of a droplet of water oil, oil, or another liquid on the patterned coating. When the liquid droplet is larger than the regions of the pattern, an apparent contact angle will typically be measured. The apparent contact angle may be different than the contact angle measured on a continuous surface. Typically the contact angle or apparent contact angle is measured as a static contact angle. However in some cases dynamic contact angles may be measured. 
     In embodiments, a coating may be described as hydrophobic if the contact angle or apparent contact angle of water is greater than or equal about 90 degrees, greater than or equal to about 100 degrees, greater than or equal to about 110 degrees, or from 90 degrees to about 120 degrees. 
     In embodiments, a coating may be described as oleophobic if the contact angle or the apparent contact angle of an oil or a similar liquid is greater than or equal to about 65 degrees, greater than or equal about 70 degrees, greater than or equal to about 80 degrees, or greater than or equal to about 90 degrees. For example, the contact angle or apparent contact angle of ethylene glycol or hexadecane on the coating may be used to assess oleophobicity. For example, the contact angle or apparent contact angle used to assess oleophobicity may be a static contact angle. 
     In some embodiments, the contact angle of water, oil, or another liquid may be measured after the coating has undergone abrasion testing. For example, the contact angle may be measured after a specified number of cycles of abrasion testing. A variety of test equipment is available to simulate abrasion under use conditions; including rotary and linear Taber® and Abrex® testing machines. 
     The coatings of the present disclosure may also be characterized by their frictional properties. In embodiments, the patterned coatings described herein may exert a greater frictional force on an object than a comparable coating material which has not been patterned. For example, the patterned coatings described herein may exert a greater frictional force on a support surface such as a table or desk or on a source of input such as a stylus or the finger of a user. A comparable coating may be a coating of the linear fluorinated material which is not patterned. In further embodiments, the frictional properties of the coating may be measured by coefficient of friction of the coating. For example, the coefficient of friction may be a static coefficient of friction or a dynamic coefficient of friction. In embodiments, the coefficient of friction of the patterned coatings described herein is significantly less than the corresponding coefficient of friction for a coating of the same material which is not patterned. For example, the coefficient of friction of the patterned coating may be less than or equal to 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, or 50% of the corresponding coefficient of friction. 
     The present disclosure describes patterned coatings including regions or features of comprising a fluorinated material. In some embodiments, the regions or features comprise a linear fluorinated material. In additional embodiments, additional regions or features of the coating comprise a branched fluorinated material. For example, a network may comprise the linear fluorinated material and the apertures in the network may be occupied by regions of the branched fluorinated material. The following discussion of linear and branched fluorinated materials is general to the coatings described herein and relates at least to  FIGS. 1A through 15B . 
     In embodiments, the fluorinated material includes a fluorinated oligomer, a fluorinated polymer, or a combination thereof. An oligomer typically comprises multiple oligomer molecules while a polymer typically comprises multiple polymer molecules. Oligomer and polymer molecules typically comprise a chain of monomeric repeat units. As an example, an oligomer molecule may include at least 10 and up to 100 monomeric repeat units. A polymer molecule may include a greater number of monomeric repeat units than an oligomer, such as greater than 100 monomeric repeat units. 
     A given oligomer or polymer molecule has a molecular weight. Oligomers and polymers, which include multiple oligomer or polymer molecules, are typically described by a molecular weight distribution. In some embodiments, classification of fluorinated material as an oligomer or a polymer may be based on the weight average molecular weight of the material. As an example, a fluorinated material may have a molecular weight from 500 to 10,000, 750 to 8000, or 1000 to 6000, based on weight average molecular weight. In embodiments, such a fluorinated material may be considered an oligomer. 
     A fluorinated oligomer or polymer molecule contains one or more fluorine atoms in its structure. Typically a fully fluorinated (or perfluorinated) oligomer or polymer may include C-C bonds, C-F bonds and/or C-O bonds, but not C-H bonds or C-X bonds, where C is a halogen other than fluorine (in some embodiments, this classification may exclude the bonding within functional and linking groups attached to the chain). A partially fluorinated oligomer or polymer chain may include other types of bonds, such as C-H bonds and/or C-X bonds. Fully fluorinated oligomers or polymer molecules may include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or perfluropolyether (PFPE) monomeric repeating units (also referred to herein as repeat units). In embodiments, the fluorinated material comprises fully fluorinated oligomer molecules, fully fluorinated polymer molecules, or a combination thereof. The fluorinated oligomer molecules, the linear fluorinated polymer molecules, or combination thereof may comprise perfluoropolyether repeat units. 
     In embodiments, a fluorinated oligomer or polymer molecule may include a functional end group which attaches the fluorinated oligomer or polymer to the enclosure. As an example, the end group may directly attach the fluorinated oligomer or polymer molecule to the enclosure. As an additional example, the end group may attach the fluorinated oligomer or polymer molecule to an adhesion layer on the enclosure. The end group may comprise a linker moiety and at least one functional group that facilitate the attachment of the fluorinated oligomer or polymer molecules to the enclosure. By the way of example, the functional group may include a silane group or a hydroxyl group capable of interacting with surface groups of the enclosure of the adhesion layer. In embodiments, the fluorinated oligomer or polymer molecule may form a bond with the enclosure or the adhesion layer, such as a primary or a secondary bond. For example, the fluorinated oligomer or polymer molecule may form at least one of a covalent bond and a hydrogen bond with the enclosure or the adhesion layer. 
     As used herein, a linear fluorinated material may refer to a linear fluorinated oligomer, a linear fluorinated polymer, or a combination thereof.  FIGS. 7A and 7B  each schematically illustrate an exemplary linear fluorinated molecule including a chain of multiple monomeric repeat units and functional groups attached to the chain. In  FIG. 7A , the linear fluorinated molecule  762  includes linear fluorinated chain  764  of monomeric repeat units bonded to an end group  766 . End group  766  includes linking moiety (L)  777 , which in turn is bonded to at least one functional group (FG)  768 . As shown, the linear fluorinated chain does not include branches and need not form a straight line. Further details of the linear fluorinated chain, including the fluorine atoms, are not shown. As previously discussed, the at least one functional group may facilitate attachment of the fluorinated oligomer or polymer molecules to the enclosure. By the way of example, the functional group may include a silane group or a hydroxyl group capable of interacting with surface groups of the enclosure or of the adhesion layer. In embodiments, the fluorinated oligomer or polymer molecule may form a bond, such as a primary or a secondary bond, with the enclosure or the adhesion layer. For example, the fluorinated oligomer or polymer molecule may form at least one of a covalent bond and a hydrogen bond with the enclosure or the adhesion layer. 
       FIG. 7B  schematically illustrates an example linear fluorinated molecule  772  including linear fluorinated chain  774  of monomeric repeat units bonded to three functional groups  778  through linking moiety  777 . The number of functional groups shown is not intended to be limiting. Further, each functional group in itself may be multifunctional, such as a silane functional group including silicon bonded to multiple hydrolyzable groups (e.g., alkoxy, acyloxy, amine). Details of the linear fluorinated oligomer chain are not shown. Examples of functional groups include, but are not limited to, silane groups and hydroxyl groups. 
     As used herein, a branched fluorinated material may refer to a branched fluorinated oligomer, a branched fluorinated polymer, or a combination thereof.  FIGS. 8A and 8B  each schematically illustrate a branched fluorinated molecule including a branched chain of multiple monomeric repeat units and functional groups attached to the chain. For the branched fluorinated molecule  863  of  FIG. 8A , the branched fluorinated chain  864  is bonded to an end group  866 . The branches of oligomer chain may include one or more monomeric repeat units. Details of the branched fluorinated chains are not shown. End group  866  includes linking moiety (L),  867 , which in turn is bonded to at least one functional group (FG),  868 . As previously discussed, the at least one functional group may facilitate the attachment of the fluorinated oligomer or polymer molecule to the enclosure or the adhesion layer. The functional groups of branched fluorinated oligomer and polymer molecules may be similar to those discussed with respect to  FIGS. 7A and 7B . 
     For the branched fluorinated molecule  873  of  FIG. 8B , a branched fluorinated chain  874  bonded to linking moiety  877 . Linking moiety  877  is bonded in turn to three functional groups  878 . Details of the branched fluorinated chains are not shown and the number of functional groups shown is not intended to be limiting. 
     In additional embodiments, the fluorinated material may include a mixture of linear and branched molecules. In some embodiments, the fluorinated material may predominantly include linear fluorinated oligomer or linear fluorinated polymer molecules, but may contain small amounts of branched fluorinated oligomer or branched fluorinated polymer molecules. For example, a fluorinated material may include less than 20% or less than 10% by weight of branched fluorinated oligomer or polymer molecules. In addition, the fluorinated material may consist essentially of the linear fluorinated oligomer or linear fluorinated polymer molecules, and, for example, may include less than 5% by weight of branched fluorinated oligomer or polymer molecules. As another example, a fluorinated material may include less than 20% or less than 10% by weight of a linear fluorinated oligomer or linear fluorinated polymer molecules. In addition, the fluorinated material may consist essentially of the branched fluorinated oligomer or branched fluorinated polymer molecules, and, for example, may include less than 5% by weight of linear fluorinated oligomer or linear fluorinated polymer molecules. 
     In additional aspects, the disclosure provides methods for making patterned coatings.  FIG. 9  schematically illustrates process  900  for making a patterned coating. Process  900  may be used for making the patterned coatings of  FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C, 3-5, 6A, and 6B . 
     Operation  910  may comprise forming an adhesion layer along an external surface of an enclosure of an electronic device. In embodiments, the adhesion layer comprises an inorganic material. As examples, the adhesion layer may comprise a silicon oxide, such as silicon dioxide, or consist essentially of silicon dioxide. In embodiments, thickness of the adhesion layer is 10 nm or less, such as from 1 nm to 10 nm or from 1 nm to 5 nm. 
     In embodiments, the adhesion layer is formed using a vapor deposition technique, such as a physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique or a chemical vapor (CVD) deposition technique. Suitable physical vapor deposition techniques include, but are not limited to, sputtering, electron beam PVD, and pulsed laser deposition. The physical vapor deposition technique may take place under reduced pressure (e.g., under a vacuum). The vacuum deposition technique may rely on one or more source materials. For example, the source material may comprise a silicon oxide (e.g., silicon dioxide) or may comprise separate sources of silicon and oxygen. 
     In embodiments, a mask is applied to the external surface of the housing prior to deposition of the adhesion layer, so that deposition of the adhesion layer occurs through apertures in the mask. In embodiments, the mask may be referred to as a stencil mask. The resulting adhesion layer is patterned, with the pattern of the adhesion layer being determined by the pattern of the apertures of the mask. The mask may include any of a variety of aperture patterns. For example, the mask may be a mesh having a mesh size from about 1,250 (opening size about 10 microns) to about 200 (opening size about 74 microns). The mask is typically compatible with the physical vapor deposition process. In embodiments, the mask is formed of or includes a metal, of silicon, of silicon nitride (SiN x ), or of a polymer. In further embodiments, the adhesion layer is deposited with a substantially uniform thickness. In embodiments, thickness of the adhesion layer is 10 nm or less, such as from 1 nm to 10 nm or from 1 nm to 5 nm. 
     Operation  920  may comprise forming a patterned layer of a coating on the adhesion layer. The patterned layer may be a micro-patterned layer defining at least one micro-scale region or feature. The coating may comprise a fluorinated material as discussed above. For example, the fluorinated material may be selected from the group consisting of a linear fluorinated oligomer, a linear fluorinated polymer, and combinations thereof. 
     In embodiments, the operation of forming a patterned layer of the coating includes deposition of the fluorinated material through apertures of a mask. The fluorinated material may be deposited through vapor deposition. For example, the fluorinated material may be deposited through a physical vapor deposition process such as a liquid vaporization process. The direct liquid vaporization process may include vaporization of a liquid material including the fluorinated material and then depositing the fluorinated material on the adhesion layer. As an additional example, deposition of the coating may occur through a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process, such as a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process. The CVD process may use a fluorinated precursor material. In addition, wet chemistry techniques employing an adherent mask may be used to deposit the fluorinated material. 
     In embodiments where the coating is patterned through deposition of a fluorinated material through a mask, the aperture pattern of the mask aligns with the desired pattern of the regions or features of the coating. Regions or features of the coating are therefore formed at the location of apertures in the mask. For example, the mask may be a mesh having a mesh size from about 1,250 (opening about 10 microns) to about 200 (opening size about 74 microns). The mask is typically compatible with the physical vapor deposition process. In embodiments, the mask is formed of or includes a metal, of silicon, of silicon nitride, or a polymer. 
     In additional embodiments, the adhesion layer and the fluorinated material are deposited as substantially continuous layers to form a continuous coating (e.g., defining no apertures), and the coating is then patterned via etching through a mask. Suitable etching techniques include, but are not limited to, ion beam techniques or plasma techniques. In embodiments, the etching technique removes the coating but does not substantially remove the adhesion layer. 
     In embodiments where the coating is patterned by etching a continuous coating using a mask, the aperture pattern of the mask aligns with or defines the desired pattern of apertures of the coating. Apertures in the coating are therefore formed at the position of apertures in the mask. In embodiments, the mask may be a hard mask which is resistant to etching. For example, the mask may be formed of or include a metal, of silicon, of silicon nitride, or of a polymer with an etch resistant layer on the backside (the side facing away from the enclosure to be coated). 
     In embodiments, the coating is treated to increase the bonding between the coating and adhesion layer (or the external surface of the housing if the adhesion layer is omitted). As an example, the coating is treated to increase the number of bonds between the fluorinated material and the adhesion layer or the external surface of the housing. The bonds may be primary bonds (e.g., covalent bonds) or secondary bonds (e.g., hydrogen or van der Waals bonds). As another example, the coating is treated to increase the strength of at least some of the bonds between the fluorinated material and the adhesion layer or the external surface of the housing. For example, the treatment may form a greater amount of primary bonds than were present prior to the treatment. If heat is applied to the coating to increase the bonding, the coating is typically treated at a temperature below which degradation of the fluorinated material occurs. As a further example, the atmosphere surrounding the coating may be controlled to maintain appropriate levels of humidity and/or oxygen during bonding of the coating to the adhesion layer or the external surface of the housing. 
     In further embodiments, a second fluorinated material different from the first material may be deposited on the adhesion layer in a similar fashion as described above For example the second fluorinated material may be a branched fluorinated material while the first fluorinated material may be a linear fluorinated material. The second fluorinated material may further be treated to increase the bonding between the second fluorinated material and the adhesion layer or the external surface of the housing as described above. 
     Typically, the process further includes an operation of removing the mask. In further embodiments, a rinsing or washing operation may be included to remove excess and/or weakly bonded fluorinated material. For example, the rinsing operation may comprise rinsing the coating in an organic liquid. The organic liquid may be capable of solvating the excess/weakly bonded oligomer or polymer molecules without substantially disturbing the well bonded oligomer or polymer molecules. For example, the organic liquid may be an alcohol. 
       FIG. 10  schematically illustrates process  1000  for making a patterned coating. As shown, process  1000  involves depositing both the adhesion layer and the fluorinated material through a mask. Process  1000  may be used for making the patterned coatings of  FIGS. 2A, 2C, 3-5, and 6A . 
     Process  1000  may include operation  1010  of applying a mask to an external surface of an enclosure. The mask may include an aperture pattern suitable for forming any patterned coating described herein. For example, the mask may include micro-scale apertures, each micro-scale aperture configured to produce a micro-scale region of the coating. As an additional example, the mask may include connected apertures configured to produce connected regions of the coating. As previously discussed with respect to process  900 , the mask is typically compatible with operation  1020  of depositing an adhesion layer and operation  1030  of depositing a fluorinated material. In embodiments, the mask is formed of or includes a metal, of silicon, of silicon nitride (SiN x ), or of a polymer. 
     Process  1000  may further include operation  1020  of depositing an adhesion layer through the mask. In embodiments, the adhesion layer is deposited using a vapor deposition technique, such as a physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique or a chemical vapor (CVD) deposition technique. The resulting adhesion layer has a pattern determined by the apertures of the mask. For example, a patterned adhesion layer may comprise multiple micro-scale regions; the regions of the adhesion layer may be discrete, connected, or combinations thereof. 
     Process  1000  may further include operation  1030  of depositing a fluorinated material through the mask. The fluorinated material may be deposited using vapor deposition. For example, the fluorinated material may be deposited using a physical vapor deposition process such as a liquid vaporization process. The fluorinated material may be any suitable linear fluorinated material described herein. 
     Process  1000  may optionally include operation  1040  of bonding the fluorinated material to the adhesion layer. For example, when the fluorinated material includes least one functional group to facilitate attachment of the fluorinated material operation  1040  may comprise forming a bond between the fluorinated material and the adhesion layer. For example, a fluorinated oligomer or polymer molecule may form at least one of a primary bond or a secondary bond with the adhesion layer. In some embodiments, operation  1040  may occur concurrently with operation  1030 . 
     Process  1000  may further include operation  1050  of removing the mask. In some embodiments, the mask may simply be lifted away from the patterned adhesion layer and the patterned coating. 
       FIGS. 11A-11F  schematically illustrate several stages in a process in which a fluorinated material is deposited through a mask to make a patterned coating.  FIGS. 11A-11F  provide partial cross-sectional views of an example substrate, mask, and coating regions. 
       FIG. 11A  shows substrate  1120  prior to the start of the process. As previously described, substrate  1120  may be a cover member.  FIG. 11B  illustrates substrate  1120  after application of mask  1180 . As shown, mask  1180  defines a regular series of mask features  1182  and mask apertures  1184 . 
       FIG. 11C  shows substrate  1120  after adhesion layer  1150  has been deposited through the mask  1180  (e.g., after operation  1020  of  FIG. 10 ). The adhesion layer  1150  comprises multiple regions  1152 . Each of the regions  1152  at least partially fills a mask aperture  1184 . The mask features  1182  produce a spacing between regions  1152  of the adhesion layer. 
       FIG. 11D  shows substrate  1120  after a fluorinated material has been deposited through the mask to form regions  1142  of the coating  1140  (e.g., after operation  1030  of  FIG. 10 ).  FIG. 11E  shows the patterned coating  1140  and patterned adhesion layer  1150  on substrate  1120  after the mask  1180  has been removed (e.g., after operation  1050  of  FIG. 10 ). Patterned coating  1140  comprises regions  1142  and patterned adhesion layer  1150  comprises regions  1152 . The mask features  1182  produce a spacing between patterned coating regions  1142 . 
       FIG. 11F  shows an enlarged view of detail  2  in  FIG. 11E . As shown in  FIG. 11F , each region  1142  of the coating  1140  comprises multiple linear fluorinated oligomer or linear fluorinated polymer molecules  1162 . Each of the linear fluorinated oligomer or linear fluorinated polymer molecules  1162  is attached to a region  1152  of the adhesion layer  1150 . The adhesion layer  1150  is attached to substrate  1120 . Although each of the linear fluorinated oligomer or polymer molecules  1162  in  FIG. 11F  is shown as having about the same length, in further embodiments the linear fluorinated oligomer or polymer molecules  1162  have a distribution of lengths consistent with the molecular weight distribution of the fluorinated oligomer or polymer. Similarly, the fluorinated molecules schematically shown in  FIGS. 13G, 15B and 16B  may have a distribution of lengths consistent with the molecular weight distribution of the fluorinated oligomer or polymer. 
       FIG. 12  schematically illustrates another example process  1200  for making a patterned coating. As shown, process  1200  includes an operation of etching a coating through a mask to form the patterned coating ( 1250 ). Process  1200  may be used for making the patterned coatings of  FIGS. 2A, 2B and 3-5 . 
     Process  1200  may include operation  1210  of depositing an adhesion layer along a surface of the enclosure of an electronic device. For example, the adhesion layer may be deposited along an external surface of a cover member. In embodiments, the adhesion layer is deposited using a vapor deposition technique, such as a physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique or a chemical vapor (CVD) deposition technique. 
     Process  1200  may further include operation  1220  of depositing a fluorinated material on the adhesion layer. The fluorinated material may be deposited through vapor deposition. For example, the fluorinated material may be deposited through a physical vapor deposition process such as a liquid vaporization process. The fluorinated material may be any suitable linear fluorinated material described herein. 
     Process  1200  may optionally include operation  1230  of bonding the fluorinated material to the adhesion layer. For example, when the fluorinated material includes least one functional group to facilitate attachment of the fluorinated material operation  1230  may comprise forming a bond between the fluorinated material and the adhesion layer. For example, a fluorinated oligomer or polymer molecule may form at least one of a primary bond or a secondary bond with the adhesion layer. In some embodiments, operation  1230  may occur concurrently with operation  1220 . Typically, the product of operation  1230  is an unpatterned coating. 
     Process  1200  may further include operation  1240  of applying a mask to a surface of fluorinated material. The mask may include an aperture pattern suitable for forming any patterned coating described herein. For example, the mask may include micro-scale apertures, each micro-scale aperture configured to produce a spacing between regions or a micro-scale aperture in the coating. As an additional example, the mask may include connected apertures configured to produce connected apertures in the coating. As previously discussed with respect to process  900 , the mask is typically compatible with operation  1250  of etching the fluorinated material through the mask. In embodiments, the mask is formed of or includes a metal, of silicon, or of silicon nitride (SiN x ). In further embodiments, the mask is formed of or includes a polymer coated with another material having a greater resistance to etching, such as a metal, silicon, or silicon nitride. 
     Process  1200  may further include operation  1250  of etching the fluorinated material through the as shown, the linear fluorinated chain does not apertures in the mask. Suitable etching techniques include, but are not limited to, ion beam techniques or plasma techniques. In embodiments, the etching technique removes the fluorinated material but does not substantially remove the adhesion layer. Process  1200  may further include operation  1260  of removing the mask. In some embodiments, the mask may simply be lifted away from the patterned coating. 
       FIGS. 13A-13G  schematically illustrate several stages in an example process in which a fluorinated material is etched through a mask to make a patterned coating.  FIGS. 13A-13G  provide partial cross-sectional views of the substrate, mask, and coating regions. 
       FIG. 13A  shows substrate  1320  prior to the start of the process. As previously described, substrate  1320  may be a cover member of an electronic device.  FIG. 13B  illustrates substrate  1320  after application of adhesion layer  1350  (e.g., after operation  1210  of  FIG. 12 ) and  FIG. 13C  shows substrate  1320  after a layer of a fluorinated material  1360  has been deposited on adhesion layer  1350  (e.g., after operation  1220  of  FIG. 12 ). 
       FIG. 13D  shows substrate  1320  after mask  1380  has been applied to the layer of the fluorinated material  1360  (e.g., after operation  1240  of  FIG. 12 ). As shown, mask  1380  defines a regular series of mask features  1382  and mask apertures  1384 . The adhesion layer  1350  is also shown. 
       FIG. 13E  shows substrate  1320  after the layer of the fluorinated material has been etched through the mask to form regions  1342  of the coating  1340  (e.g., after operation  1250  of  FIG. 12 ). The mask apertures  1384  correspond to the spacing between regions  1342 . As shown, the adhesion layer  1350  is not substantially etched during the process of etching the fluorinated material. 
       FIG. 13F  shows the patterned coating  1340  and adhesion layer  1350  on substrate  1320  after the mask  1380  has been removed (e.g., after operation  1260  of  FIG. 12 ). Patterned coating  1340  comprises regions  1342 . As shown, regions  1342  are spaced apart from one another. 
       FIG. 13G  shows an enlarged view of detail  3  in  FIG. 13F . As shown in  FIG. 13G , each region  1342  of the coating  1340  comprises multiple linear fluorinated oligomer or polymer molecules  1362 . Each of the linear fluorinated oligomer or linear fluorinated polymer molecules  1362  is attached to adhesion layer  1350 . The adhesion layer  1350  is attached to substrate  1320 . 
       FIG. 14  schematically illustrates an example process  1400  for making a patterned coating including two different fluorinated materials. Process  1400  may be used for making the patterned coatings of  FIGS. 6A and 6B . 
     Process  1400  may include operation  1410  of depositing an adhesion layer along an external surface of the enclosure of an electronic device. For example, the adhesion layer may be deposited along an external surface of a cover member. In embodiments, the adhesion layer is deposited using a vapor deposition technique, such as a physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique or a chemical vapor (CVD) deposition technique. 
     Process  1400  may further include operation  1420  of depositing and bonding a first fluorinated material on the adhesion layer. The first fluorinated material may be deposited through vapor deposition. For example, the first fluorinated material may be deposited through a physical vapor deposition process such as a liquid vaporization process. The first fluorinated material may be any suitable linear fluorinated material described herein. The first fluorinated material may be bonded to the adhesion layer as previously described with respect to methods  900 ,  1000 , and  1200 . For example, operation  1420  may comprise forming a bond between the first fluorinated material and the adhesion layer. 
     Process  1400  may further include operation  1430  of applying a mask to a surface of fluorinated material. The mask may include an aperture pattern suitable for forming any patterned coating described herein. For example, the mask may include micro-scale apertures, each micro-scale aperture configured to produce a spacing between regions or a micro-scale aperture in the coating. As an additional example, the mask may include connected apertures configured to produce connected apertures in the coating. The mask materials may be as previously discussed with respect to processes  900  and  1200 . 
     Process  1400  may further include operation  1440  of etching the first fluorinated material through apertures of the mask. Suitable etching techniques include, but are not limited to, ion beam techniques or plasma techniques. In embodiments, the etching technique removes the first fluorinated material but does not substantially remove the adhesion layer. Etching of the first fluorinated material through the apertures in the mask produces the spacing between regions of the first fluorinated material and exposes regions of the adhesion layer. 
     Process  1400  may further include operation  1450  of removing the mask. In embodiments, the operation of removing the mask precedes operation  1460 . In further embodiments, the operation of removing the mask follows operation  1460 . 
     Process  1400  further includes operation  1460  of depositing and bonding the second fluorinated material to the exposed regions of the adhesion layer. The second fluorinated material may be deposited through vapor deposition. For example, the second fluorinated material may be deposited through a physical vapor deposition process such as a liquid vaporization process. The second fluorinated material may be any suitable branched fluorinated material described herein. The second fluorinated material may be bonded to the exposed regions of adhesion layer as previously described with respect to methods  900 ,  1000 , and  1200 . For example, operation  1460  may comprise forming a bond between the second fluorinated material and the adhesion layer. 
     Operation  1460  may produce a patterned coating that defines first regions of the first fluorinated material and second regions of the second fluorinated material. The first regions are generally determined by the features of the mask and the second regions generally determined by the apertures of the mask. It is not required that the second regions exactly correspond to the apertures of the mask to produce the patterned coating. 
     Process  1400  may further include operation  1470  of removing excess amounts of the second fluorinated material. For example, during operation  1460  the second fluorinated material may be deposited over the first fluorinated material as well as the adhesion layer. However, the second fluorinated material is typically not bonded or only weakly bonded to the first fluorinated material during operation  1460 . In embodiments, operation  1470  comprises rinsing or washing the patterned coating to remove unbonded and weakly bonded molecules of the second fluorinated material. The rinsing or washing operation may be as previously described for process  900 . 
       FIG. 15A  shows a patterned coating  1540  including first regions  1542  of a first fluorinated material and second regions  1546  of a second fluorinated material. The first fluorinated material may comprise a linear fluorinated oligomer or linear fluorinated polymer. The second fluorinated material may comprise a branched fluorinated oligomer or polymer. Both first regions  1542  and second regions  1546  are attached to adhesion layer  1550  on substrate  1520 . As previously discussed, the substrate may be a cover member of an electronic device. 
       FIG. 15B  shows an enlarged view of detail  4  in  FIG. 15A . As shown in  FIG. 15B , each region  1542  of the first fluorinated material comprises multiple linear fluorinated oligomer or linear fluorinated polymer molecules  1562 . Each of the linear fluorinated oligomer or linear fluorinated polymer molecules  1562  is attached to adhesion layer  1550 . In addition, each region  1546  of the second fluorinated material comprises multiple branched fluorinated oligomer or branched fluorinated polymer molecules  1563 . Each of the branched fluorinated oligomer or branched fluorinated polymer molecules  1563  is attached to adhesion layer  1550 . The adhesion layer  1550  is attached to substrate  1520 . 
     In additional aspects, the disclosure provides methods for making plasma-treated coatings. An example method comprises the operations of depositing an adhesion layer along an external surface of an electronic device, depositing a fluorinated material on the adhesion layer, bonding the fluorinated material to the adhesion layer, and plasma treating the fluorinated material. The operation of depositing an adhesion layer may be similar to that described for operation  1210 , the operation of depositing a fluorinated material on the adhesion layer may be similar to that described for operation  1220 , and the operation of bonding the fluorinated material to the adhesion layer may be similar to that described for operation  1230  of process  1200 . The method may optionally include a rinsing or washing operation similar to that described for process  900 . 
     In embodiments, the fluorinated material may be treated with a plasma in which the pressure is approximately the same as that of the surrounding atmosphere (i.e., an atmospheric-pressure plasma). In embodiments, the gas used to form the plasma may comprise one or more substantially inert gases (e.g., argon, helium) so that the plasma is based on the inert gas(es). In additional embodiments, the gas used to form the plasma may comprise oxygen, nitrogen, air, or a mixture of air with an inert gas. The plasma may be a low-temperature or “cold” plasma. In embodiments, a cold plasma operates at a temperature of 80° C. or less, 70° C. or less, 60° C. or less, or 50° C. or less. In embodiments, the power is from 50 W to 300 W, 100 W to 300 W, or from 150 W to 250 W. The exposure time may be less than 1 second, less than 0.5 second, from 0.01 seconds to 0.5 seconds, or from 0.05 seconds to 0.5 seconds. 
     As previously described, plasma treatment of the fluorinated material can modify the fluorinated material in several ways. When the fluorinated material forms a substantially continuous coating prior to plasma treatment, plasma treatment of the fluorinated material may reduce the thickness of the coating. As the thickness of the coating decreases, the length and molecular weight of the fluorinated oligomer or polymer molecules also generally decreases. In embodiments, the coating remains substantially continuous after plasma treatment. 
     Plasma treatment may also modify the surface composition and/or the surface topography of the coating. For example, when species in the plasma have sufficiently high kinetic energy, covalent bonds in the fluorinated oligomer or polymer molecules may be broken. Under some conditions, such as in the presence of oxygen, an oxidation reaction can occur at the surface of the fluorinated material. Changes in the surface composition of the coating may be measured by various spectroscopic techniques. Furthermore, plasma treatment may also produce a measurable increase in surface roughness. 
     In embodiments, the effect of plasma treatment may be measured by the initial contact angle (prior to abrasion testing), the contact angle after a specified number of cycles of abrasion testing, or a combination thereof. For example, the initial contact angle of water on the plasma-treated fluorinated material may be greater than or equal to 100 degrees, greater than or equal to 105 degrees, or greater than or equal to 110 degrees. As additional examples, the initial contact angle of water on the fluorinated material may be less than 180 degrees, from 100 degrees to 130 degrees, or from 105 degrees to 150 degrees. In some embodiments, the initial contact angle of water on the plasma-treated fluorinated material may be less than the initial contact angle of water on the fluorinated material without plasma treatment. In addition, the contact angle of water on the fluorinated material as measured after the specified number of abrasion testing cycles may be greater than or equal to 90 degrees. For example, the specified number of abrasion testing cycles may be 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, or 7000 using an abrasion testing apparatus as described herein. 
       FIGS. 16A, 16B, 16C, and 16D  show stages in a process for making a plasma-treated coating.  FIG. 16A  shows substrate  1620  after a layer of a fluorinated material  1660  has been deposited on adhesion layer  1650 . The layer of the fluorinated material  1660  is substantially continuous. For example, a substantially continuous layer may be substantially nonporous and may exclude micro-sized gaps in the coatings. In some cases, the layer is continuous over at least a display area of a device, or over an entire front or back exterior surface of the device. In some cases, the layer is continuous over all of the exterior surfaces of a device. In some cases, the layer is continuous (e.g., has no gaps, apertures, etc.) for at least an area of about 3 in 2 , about 4 in 2 , about 5 in 2 , about 6 in 2 , or a larger area. 
     The fluorinated material may be any suitable linear fluorinated material described herein. In embodiments, the adhesion layer comprises an inorganic material. As examples, the adhesion layer may comprise a silicon oxide, such as silicon dioxide, or consist essentially of silicon dioxide. 
     In embodiments, adhesion layer  1650  is thin relative to the layer of fluorinated material  1660 . For example, thickness T 1  of the layer of fluorinated material  1660  may be at least twice thickness T 3  of the adhesion layer  1650 . In embodiments, thickness T 3  of the adhesion layer is 10 nm or less, such as from 1 nm to 10 nm or from 1 nm to 5 nm. In embodiments, the thickness T 1  of the layer of fluorinated material  1660  is from 5 to 20 nm or from 10 to 50 nm. 
       FIG. 16B  shows an enlarged view of detail  5  in  FIG. 16A . The layer comprises multiple linear fluorinated oligomer or polymer molecules  1662  as schematically illustrated in  FIG. 16B . Each of the linear fluorinated oligomer or linear fluorinated polymer molecules  1662  is attached to adhesion layer  1650 . The adhesion layer  1650  is attached to substrate  1620 . 
       FIG. 16C  schematically shows a plasma-treated layer of the fluorinated material  1660  on adhesion layer  1650 . The layer of the fluorinated material  1660  is substantially continuous (e.g., having no gaps, openings, or apertures along at least one contiguous area), but has a thickness T 2  which is less than the initial thickness T 1 . In embodiments, the difference in thickness between T 2  and T 1  may be greater than 0.1 nm. In further embodiments, the difference in thickness may be less than 5 nm, less than 2 nm, less than 1 nm, or less than 0.5 nm. 
       FIG. 16D  shows an enlarged view of detail  6  in  FIG. 16C . The layer comprises multiple linear fluorinated oligomer or polymer molecules  1663  as schematically illustrated in  FIG. 16D . Each of the linear fluorinated oligomer or linear fluorinated polymer molecules  1663  is attached to adhesion layer  1650 . The adhesion layer  1650  is attached to substrate  1620 . As shown, the length of linear fluorinated oligomer polymer molecules  1663  may be generally less than that of linear fluorinated oligomer or polymer molecules  1662 . Although not shown in  FIG. 16D , in additional embodiments, the linear fluorinated oligomer or polymer molecules  1663  may have a greater variation in length after plasma treatment than was present for linear fluorinated oligomer or polymer molecules  1662 . For example, the greater variation in length may be due to variations in etching of the linear fluorinated oligomer or polymer molecules  1662 . Therefore, in embodiments plasma treatment of the layer of the fluorinated material  1660  may lead to an increase in surface roughness and an increase in the coefficient of friction. 
     In addition, the plasma treatment may cause the surface composition of linear fluorinated oligomer or polymer molecules  1663  to be different than that of linear fluorinated oligomer or polymer molecules  1662 . In some embodiments, the difference in surface composition may increase the adhesion strength of between the plasma-treated coating and another surface, thereby increasing the coefficient of friction between the plasma-treated coating and the other surface. For example, degradation and/or oxidation of the linear fluorinated oligomer polymer molecules  1662  may result in moieties near the (surface) end of linear fluorinated oligomer or polymer molecules  1663  which have a stronger interaction with the other surface. For example, these moieties may include a lesser amount of fluorine than moieties near the (surface) end of linear fluorinated oligomer or polymer molecules  1662  or may not include fluorine. 
       FIG. 17  shows a block diagram of components of an electronic device. The schematic representation depicted in  FIG. 17  may correspond to components of the devices depicted in  FIG. 1A-16D  as described above. However,  FIG. 17  may also more generally represent other types of electronic devices with an enclosure component as described herein. 
     The electronic device  1700  includes a processor  1704  operably connected with a computer-readable memory  1702 . The processor  1704  may be operatively connected to the memory  1702  component via an electronic bus or bridge. The processor  1704  may be implemented as one or more computer processors or microcontrollers configured to perform operations in response to computer-readable instructions. The processor  1704  may include a central processing unit (CPU) of the device  1700 . Additionally and/or alternatively, the processor  1704  may include other electronic circuitry within the device  1700  including application specific integrated chips (ASIC) and other microcontroller devices. The processor  1704  may be configured to perform functionality described in the examples above. 
     The memory  1702  may include a variety of types of non-transitory computer-readable storage media, including, for example, read access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable memory (e.g., EPROM and EEPROM), or flash memory. The memory  1702  is configured to store computer-readable instructions, sensor values, and other persistent software elements. 
     The electronic device  1700  may include control circuitry  1706 . The control circuitry  1706  may be implemented in a single control unit and not necessarily as distinct electrical circuit elements. As used herein, “control unit” will be used synonymously with “control circuitry.” The control circuitry  1706  may receive signals from the processor  1704  or from other elements of the electronic device  1700 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 17 , the electronic device  1700  includes a battery  1708  that is configured to provide electrical power to the components of the electronic device  1700 . The battery  1708  may include one or more power storage cells that are linked together to provide an internal supply of electrical power. The battery  1708  may be operatively coupled to power management circuitry that is configured to provide appropriate voltage and power levels for individual components or groups of components within the electronic device  1700 . The battery  1708 , via power management circuitry, may be configured to receive power from an external source, such as an alternating current power outlet. The battery  1708  may store received power so that the electronic device  1700  may operate without connection to an external power source for an extended period of time, which may range from several hours to several days. In addition, the battery  1708  may be configured to receive power through a wireless charging component internal to the electronic device. Further, the battery may be configured to deliver power through the wireless charging component to a separate electronic device (e.g., a wearable electronic device). 
     In some embodiments, the electronic device  1700  includes one or more input devices  1710 . The input device  1710  is a device that is configured to receive input from a user or the environment. The input device  1710  may include, for example, a push button, a touch-activated button, a touch screen (e.g., a touch-sensitive display or a force-sensitive display), capacitive touch button, dial, crown, or the like. In some embodiments, the input device  1710  may provide a dedicated or primary function, including, for example, a power button, volume buttons, home buttons, scroll wheels, and camera buttons. 
     In some embodiments, the electronic device  1700  includes one or more output devices  1712  configured to provide output to a user. The output device  1712  may include display  1714  that renders visual information generated by the processor  1704 . The output device  1712  may also include one or more speakers to provide audio output. 
     The display  1714  may be capable of producing high-resolution graphical output. The display  1714  may include a liquid-crystal display (LCD), light-emitting diode, organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display, an active layer organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) display, organic electroluminescent (EL) display, electrophoretic ink display, or the like. If the display  1714  is a liquid-crystal display or an electrophoretic ink display, the display  1714  may also include a backlight component that can be controlled to provide variable levels of display brightness. If the display  1714  is an organic light-emitting diode or organic electroluminescent type display, the brightness of the display  1714  may be controlled by modifying the electrical signals that are provided to display elements. In addition, information regarding configuration and/or orientation of the electronic device may be used to control the output of the display. 
     The device  1700  may also include one or more sensors  1720 , such as a force sensor, a capacitive sensor, an accelerometer, a barometer, a gyroscope, a proximity sensor, a light sensor, or the like. The sensors  1720  may be operably coupled to processing circuitry. In some embodiments, the sensor  1720  may be a touch sensor that is configured to detect or estimate a location of a touch along an exterior surface of a cover member of the electronic device. For example, the touch sensor may be positioned below the cover member and may comprise an array of capacitive electrodes. A touch sensor in combination with the display  1714  may define a touchscreen or a touch-sensitive display. 
     In some embodiments, the sensors  1720  may position and/or orientation of the electronic device and be operably coupled to processing circuitry. Example sensors  1720  for this purpose include accelerometers, gyroscopes, magnetometers, and other similar types of position/orientation sensing devices. In addition, the sensors  1720  may include a microphone, acoustic sensor, light sensor, optical facial recognition sensor, or other types of sensing device. 
     In embodiments, an electronic device  1700  may include sensors  1720  to provide information regarding configuration and/or orientation of the electronic device in order to control the output of the display. For example, a portion of the display  1714  may be turned off, disabled, or put in a low energy state when all or part of the viewable area of the display  1714  is blocked or substantially obscured. As another example, the display  1714  may be adapted to rotate the display of graphical output based on changes in orientation of the device  1700  (e.g., 90 degrees or 180 degrees) in response to the device  1700  being rotated. 
     The electronic device  1700  may also include a communication port  1716  that is configured to transmit and/or receive signals or electrical communication from an external or separate device. The communication port  1716  may be configured to couple to an external device via a cable, adaptor, or other type of electrical connector. In some embodiments, the communication port  1716  may be used to couple the electronic device to a host computer. 
     The electronic device  1700  may also include at least one accessory  1718 , such as a camera, a flash for the camera, or other such device. The camera may be connected to other parts of the electronic device  1700  such as the control circuitry  1706 . 
     As used herein, the terms “about”, “approximately,” “substantially,” and “substantially equal to” are used to account for relatively small variations, such as a variation of +/−10%, +/−5%, or +/−2%. 
     The following discussion applies to the electronic devices described herein to the extent that these devices may be used to obtain personally identifiable information data. It is well understood that the use of personally identifiable information should follow privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining the privacy of users. In particular, personally identifiable information data should be managed and handled so as to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of authorized use should be clearly indicated to users. 
     The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, used specific nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the specific details are not required in order to practice the described embodiments. Thus, the foregoing descriptions of the specific embodiments described herein are presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20190322
Publication Date: 20210824
Grant Date: 20210824
Priority Date: 20180926
Inventors: MATSUYUKI, NAOTO
MITTAL, MANISH
ROGERS, MATTHEW S.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "C09D127/18", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/041", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "C09D127/18", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "C09D171/00", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "C03C17/42", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "C03C2218/33", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "C09D171/02", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "C09D171/02", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "C03C2218/34", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "C09D171/02", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/041", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "C09D127/18", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 69884042