PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-12014003-B2
Application Number: US-202217805673-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Flexible self-capacitance and mutual capacitance touch sensing system architecture

Abstract:
A switching circuit is disclosed. The switching circuit can comprise a plurality of pixel mux blocks, each of the pixel mux blocks configured to be coupled to a respective touch node electrode on a touch sensor panel, and each of the pixel mux blocks including logic circuitry. The switching circuit can also comprise a plurality of signal lines configured to be coupled to sense circuitry, at least one of the signal lines configured to transmit a touch signal from one of the respective touch node electrodes to the sense circuitry. The logic circuitry in each pixel mux block of the plurality of pixel mux blocks can be configured to control the respective pixel mux block so as to selectively couple the respective pixel mux block to any one of the plurality of signal lines.

Claims:
The invention claimed is: 
     
       1. An electronic device in communication with one or more input devices including a first input device, the electronic device comprising:
 a display; 
 sensing circuitry; and 
 a touch sensor panel including a plurality of touch electrodes, wherein the electronic device is configured to perform a scan of the touch sensor panel to detect contact on the touch sensor panel, wherein the scan includes a plurality of input device scans and a plurality of touch scans, and wherein the electronic device is configured to:
 during a first time period, configure the touch sensor panel in a first configuration to perform a first input device scan of the plurality of input device scans to detect the first input device in proximity to the touch sensor panel, wherein the first input device scan includes sensing a first configuration of electrodes of the plurality of the touch electrodes; 
 during a second time period, different from the first time period, configure the touch sensor panel in a second configuration, different from the first configuration, to perform a first touch scan of the plurality of touch scans within a first region of the touch sensor panel, wherein the first touch scan is configured to detect an object contacting the first region of the touch sensor panel other than the first input device; 
 during a third time period, different from the first time period and the second time period, configure the touch sensor panel in a third configuration, different from the first configuration and the second configuration, to perform a second input device scan of the plurality of input device scans, other than the first input device scan, to detect the first input device in proximity to the touch sensor panel, wherein the second input device scan includes sensing a second configuration of electrodes, different from the first configuration of electrodes, of the plurality of the touch electrodes; and 
 during a fourth time period, different from the first time period, the second time period, and the third time period, configure the touch sensor panel in a fourth configuration, different from the first configuration, the second configuration, and the third configuration, to perform a second touch scan of the plurality of touch scans, different from the first touch scan, within a second region of the touch sensor panel, different from the first region of the touch sensor panel, wherein the second touch scan is configured to detect the object other than the first input device contacting the second region of the touch sensor panel. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the electronic device is configured to:
 sense a respective first portion of a first portion of the plurality of touch electrodes to a respective first sensing circuitry during a respective first period of time of the first time period; and 
 sense a respective second portion of the first portion of the plurality of touch electrodes, different from the respective first portion, to the respective first sensing circuitry during a respective second period of time of the first time period, different from the respective first period of time. 
 
     
     
       3. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the electronic device is further configured to perform:
 a respective row scan of the plurality of touch electrodes to detect proximity of the first input device; 
 a respective column scan of the plurality of touch electrodes to detect proximity of the first input device; and 
 a respective mutual capacitance touch scan for the object other than the first input device during the first time period and the third time period. 
 
     
     
       4. The electronic device of  claim 3 , wherein the electronic device is further configured to perform the respective row scan and the respective column scan across a respective region of the touch sensor panel in accordance with a determination that the first input device is in proximity to the respective region of the touch sensor panel based on the first input device scan and the second input device scan. 
     
     
       5. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the electronic device is configured in the first configuration during a respective first period of time of the first time period, and is further configured to perform a mutual capacitance scan of the plurality of touch electrodes during a respective second period of time of the first time period, different from the respective first period of time, to detect the object contacting the touch sensor panel other than the first input device. 
     
     
       6. The electronic device of  claim 5 , wherein the electronic device is further configured to:
 during a first subset of the respective second period of time:
 couple a first respective group of a first portion of the plurality of touch electrodes to a first portion of the sensing circuitry, 
 couple a second respective group of the first portion of the plurality of touch electrodes, different from the first respective group of the first portion, of the plurality of touch electrodes to a stimulation source, 
 couple a third respective group of the first portion, different from the first respective group of the first portion and the second respective group of the first portion, of the plurality of touch electrodes to a bias source, 
 couple a first respective group of a second portion of the plurality of touch electrodes, different from the first portion of the plurality of touch electrodes, to a second portion of the sensing circuitry, different from the first portion of the sensing circuitry, 
 couple a second respective group of the second portion of the plurality of touch electrodes, different from the first respective group of the second portion, to the stimulation source, and 
 couple a third respective group of the second portion, different from the first respective group of the second portion and the second respective group of the second portion, of the plurality of touch electrodes to the bias source. 
 
 
     
     
       7. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the electronic device is configured in the first configuration during a respective first period of time of the first time period, and is further configured to perform an input device column scan of the plurality of touch electrodes during a respective second period of time of the first time period, different from the respective first period of time, to detect the first input device contacting the touch sensor panel, and wherein the electronic device is further configured to:
 during the respective second period of time of the first time period:
 couple a first column of a first group of the plurality of touch electrodes to a first portion of the sensing circuitry, and 
 couple a second column of the first group of the plurality of touch electrodes to a second portion of the sensing circuitry, different from the first portion. 
 
 
     
     
       8. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the electronic device is configured in the first configuration during a respective first period of time of the first time period, and is further configured to perform an input device row scan of the plurality of touch electrodes during a respective second period of time of the first time period, different from the respective first period of time, to detect the first input device contacting the touch sensor panel, and wherein the electronic device is further configured to:
 during the respective second period of time of the first time period:
 couple a first row of a first group of the plurality of touch electrodes to a first portion of the sensing circuitry, and 
 couple a second row, different from the first row, of the first group of the plurality of touch electrodes to a second portion of the sensing circuitry, different from the first portion. 
 
 
     
     
       9. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein respective touch scans of the plurality of touch scans correspond to self-capacitance scans of the touch sensor panel, and wherein:
 the second configuration includes:
 driving and sensing a first respective electrode of a first group of the plurality of touch electrodes, wherein the first group of the plurality of touch electrodes is within the first region of the touch sensor panel, 
 biasing a second respective electrode of the first group, different from the first respective electrode of the first group, of the plurality of touch electrodes, 
 driving a third respective electrode of the first group, different from the first respective electrode of the first group and the second respective electrode of the first group, of the plurality of touch electrodes, 
 driving and sensing a first respective electrode of a second group of the plurality of touch electrodes, different from the first group of the plurality of touch electrodes, wherein the second group of the plurality of touch electrodes is within the first region of the touch sensor panel, 
 biasing a second respective electrode of the second group, different from the first respective electrode of the second group, of the plurality of touch electrodes, and 
 driving a third respective electrode of the second group, different from the first respective electrode of the second group and the second respective electrode of the second group, of the plurality of touch electrodes, and 
 
 the fourth configuration includes:
 driving and sensing a first respective electrode of a third group of the plurality of touch electrodes, different from the first group and the second group of the plurality of touch electrodes, wherein the third group of the plurality of touch electrodes is within the second region of the touch sensor panel, 
 biasing a second respective electrode of the third group, different from the first respective electrode of the third group of the plurality of touch electrodes, 
 driving a third respective electrode, different from the first respective electrode of the third group and the second respective electrode of the third group, of the plurality of touch electrodes, 
 driving and sensing a first respective electrode of a fourth group of the plurality of touch electrodes, different from the first group, the second group, and the third group of the plurality of touch electrodes wherein the fourth group of the plurality of touch electrodes is within the second region of the touch sensor panel, 
 biasing a second respective electrode of the fourth group, different from the first respective electrode of the fourth group, of the plurality of touch electrodes, and 
 driving a third respective electrode of the fourth group, different from the first respective electrode of the fourth group and the second respective electrode of the fourth group, of the plurality of touch electrodes. 
 
 
     
     
       10. The electronic device of  claim 9 , wherein:
 the first respective electrode of each of the first group and the second group, the second respective electrode of each of the first group and the second group, and the third respective electrode of each of the first group and the second group of the plurality of touch electrodes are respectively driven and sensed, biased, and driven without being sensed during respective periods of time included in the second time period, and
 the first respective electrode each of the third group and the fourth group, the second respective electrode each of the third group and the fourth group, and the third respective electrode of each of the third group and the fourth group of the plurality of touch electrodes are respectively driven and sensed, biased, and driven without being sensed during respective periods of time included in the fourth time period. 
 
 
     
     
       11. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium including instructions, which when executed by an electronic device comprising sensing circuitry, a touch sensor panel including a plurality of touch electrodes, and one or more processors, wherein the electronic device is in communication with one or more input devices including a first input device, and wherein the electronic device is configured to perform a scan of the touch sensor panel to detect contact on the touch sensor panel, wherein the scan includes a plurality of input device scans and a plurality of touch scans, cause the electronic device to perform a method comprising:
 during a first time period, configuring the touch sensor panel in a first configuration to perform a first input device scan of the plurality of input device scans to detect the first input device in proximity to the touch sensor panel, wherein the first input device scan includes sensing a first configuration of electrodes of the plurality of the touch electrodes; 
 during a second time period, different from the first time period, configuring the touch sensor panel in a second configuration, different from the first configuration, to perform a first touch scan of the plurality of touch scans within a first region of the touch sensor panel, wherein the first touch scan is configured to detect an object contacting the first region of the touch sensor panel other than the first input device; 
 during a third time period, different from the first time period and the second time period, configuring the touch sensor panel in a third configuration, different from the first configuration and the second configuration, to perform a second input device scan of the plurality of input device scans, other than the first input device scan, to detect the first input device in proximity to the touch sensor panel, wherein the second input device scan includes sensing a second configuration of electrodes, different from the first configuration of electrodes, of the plurality of the touch electrodes; and 
 during a fourth time period, different from the first time period, the second time period, and the third time period, configuring the touch sensor panel in a fourth configuration, different from the first configuration, the second configuration, and the third configuration, to perform a second touch scan of the plurality of touch scans, different from the first touch scan, within a second region of the touch sensor panel, different from the first region of the touch sensor panel, wherein the second touch scan is configured to detect the object other than the first input device contacting the second region of the touch sensor panel. 
 
     
     
       12. A method comprising:
 at an electronic device comprising sensing circuitry, a touch sensor panel including a plurality of touch electrodes, and one or more processors in communication with one or more input devices including a first input device, wherein the electronic device is configured to perform a scan of the touch sensor panel to detect contact on the touch sensor panel, wherein the scan includes a plurality of input device scans and a plurality of touch scans:
 during a first time period, configuring the touch sensor panel in a first configuration to perform a first input device scan of the plurality of input device scans to detect the first input device in proximity to the touch sensor panel, wherein the first input device scan includes sensing a first configuration of electrodes of the plurality of the touch electrodes; 
 during a second time period, different from the first time period, configuring the touch sensor panel in a second configuration, different from the first configuration, to perform a first touch scan of the plurality of touch scans within a first region of the touch sensor panel, wherein the first touch scan is configured to detect an object contacting the first region of the touch sensor panel other than the first input device; 
 during a third time period, different from the first time period and the second time period, configuring the touch sensor panel in a third configuration, different from the first configuration and the second configuration, to perform a second input device scan of the plurality of input device scans, other than the first input device scan, to detect the first input device in proximity to the touch sensor panel, wherein the second input device scan includes sensing a second configuration of electrodes, different from the first configuration of electrodes, of the plurality of the touch electrodes; and 
 during a fourth time period, different from the first time period, the second time period, and the third time period, configuring the touch sensor panel in a fourth configuration, different from the first configuration, the second configuration, and the third configuration, to perform a second touch scan of the plurality of touch scans, different from the first touch scan, within a second region of the touch sensor panel, different from the first region of the touch sensor panel, wherein the second touch scan is configured to detect the object other than the first input device contacting the second region of the touch sensor panel.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 17/003,133 (now U.S. Publication No. 2020/0387259; published on Dec. 10, 2020), filed Aug. 26, 2020, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/009,774 (now U.S. Pat. No. 10,795,488; issued on Oct. 6, 2020), filed Jan. 28, 2016, which claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/111,077, filed Feb. 2, 2015, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties for all purposes. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     This relates generally to touch sensor panels that are integrated with displays, and more particularly, to a flexible touch and/or pen sensing system architecture for self-capacitance and mutual capacitance integrated touch screens. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     Many types of input devices are presently available for performing operations in a computing system, such as buttons or keys, mice, trackballs, joysticks, touch sensor panels, touch screens and the like. Touch screens, in particular, are becoming increasingly popular because of their ease and versatility of operation as well as their declining price. Touch screens can include a touch sensor panel, which can be a clear panel with a touch-sensitive surface, and a display device such as a liquid crystal display (LCD) that can be positioned partially or fully behind the panel so that the touch-sensitive surface can cover at least a portion of the viewable area of the display device. Touch screens can allow a user to perform various functions by touching the touch sensor panel using a finger, stylus or other object at a location often dictated by a user interface (UI) being displayed by the display device. In general, touch screens can recognize a touch and the position of the touch on the touch sensor panel, and the computing system can then interpret the touch in accordance with the display appearing at the time of the touch, and thereafter can perform one or more actions based on the touch. In the case of some touch sensing systems, a physical touch on the display is not needed to detect a touch. For example, in some capacitive-type touch sensing systems, fringing electrical fields used to detect touch can extend beyond the surface of the display, and objects approaching near the surface may be detected near the surface without actually touching the surface. 
     Capacitive touch sensor panels can be formed by a matrix of substantially transparent or non-transparent conductive plates made of materials such as Indium Tin Oxide (ITO). It is due in part to their substantial transparency that capacitive touch sensor panels can be overlaid on a display to form a touch screen, as described above. Some touch screens can be formed by at least partially integrating touch sensing circuitry into a display pixel stackup (i.e., the stacked material layers forming the display pixels). 
     SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     Some capacitive touch sensor panels can be formed by a matrix of substantially transparent or non-transparent conductive plates made of materials such as Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), and some touch screens can be formed by at least partially integrating touch sensing circuitry into a display pixel stackup (i.e., the stacked material layers forming the display pixels). The conductive plates can be electrically connected to sense circuitry for sensing touch events on the touch screen. In some examples, many different types of scans can be implemented on a touch screen, and thus it can be beneficial for the architecture of the touch screen to have sufficient flexibility to allow for implementation of these different types of scans on the touch screen. Further, in some examples, a touch screen can include a relatively large number of conductive plates on which touch events can be sensed. The examples of the disclosure provide various touch sensing architectures that are space-efficient and flexible. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIGS.  1 A- 1 C  illustrate an example mobile telephone, an example media player, and an example portable computing device that each include an exemplary touch screen according to examples of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  2    is a block diagram of an exemplary computing system that illustrates one implementation of an example touch screen according to examples of the disclosure. 
         FIGS.  3 A- 3 C  illustrate exemplary sensor circuits according to examples of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  4    illustrates an example configuration in which common electrodes can form portions of the touch sensing circuitry of a touch sensing system. 
         FIG.  5 A  illustrates an exemplary touch node electrode routing configuration in which touch node traces can be routed directly from touch node electrodes to sense circuitry according to examples of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  5 B  illustrates an exemplary touch node electrode routing configuration that includes switching circuits according to examples of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  6 A  illustrates exemplary display, touch and pen frames according to examples of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  6 B  illustrates exemplary details of a time period in a touch frame according to examples of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  6 C  illustrates exemplary details of various time periods in a touch frame according to examples of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  6 D  illustrates an exemplary configuration of touch node electrodes in various regions of a touch screen while another region is being scanned in a self-capacitance configuration as described with reference to  FIG.  6 C . 
         FIGS.  7 A- 7 C  illustrate exemplary touch screen configurations in which some supernodes on the touch screen can extend across multiple switching circuits according to examples of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  8 A  illustrates an exemplary touch screen configuration, including exemplary interconnect lines that can be part of switching circuits according to examples of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  8 B  illustrates an exemplary touch screen configuration having shared interconnect lines across switching circuits according to examples of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  8 C  illustrates an exemplary switching circuit configuration in which the switching circuits include three sets of interconnect lines according to examples of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  8 D  illustrates an exemplary switching circuit configuration having a reduced number of interconnect lines according to examples of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  9 A  illustrates an exemplary memory-based switching circuit configuration according to examples of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  9 B  illustrates an exemplary numbering of touch node electrodes according to examples of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  9 C  illustrates an exemplary logical block diagram for a switching circuit including PMB logic distributed across the switching circuit according to examples of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  10 A  illustrates an exemplary first scan step of a self-capacitance scan type on a touch screen according to examples of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  10 B  illustrates an exemplary second scan step of a self-capacitance scan type on a touch screen according to examples of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  10 C  illustrates exemplary commands transmitted by sense circuitry to switching circuits for implementing the first and second scan steps of  FIGS.  10 A and  10 B  according to examples of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  10 D  illustrates an exemplary pen row scan type performed in a supernode of a touch screen according to examples of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  10 E  illustrates exemplary commands transmitted by sense circuitry to switching circuits for implementing pen scans according to examples of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  10 F  illustrates exemplary switching circuit command combinations that can be utilized to implement the touch screen scans discussed with reference to  FIGS.  6 A- 6 D  according to examples of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  11 A  illustrates an exemplary switching circuit configuration in which PMBs include switches that correspond to scan types and signals according to examples of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  11 B  illustrates an exemplary logic structure for a PMB interface and PMB logic for implementing pen row and pen column scans on the touch screen according to examples of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  11 C  illustrates exemplary states of switches in PMBs in correspondence to various control signals received by a switching circuit from sense circuitry according to examples of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  12 A  illustrates an exemplary first scan step of a self-capacitance scan type performed in a region of a touch screen during a first time period according to examples of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  12 B  illustrates an exemplary first scan step of a self-capacitance scan type performed in another region of the touch screen during a second time period according to examples of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  12 C  illustrates exemplary shifting of switch control information from one PMB to another PMB according to examples of the disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the following description of examples, reference is made to the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof, and in which it is shown by way of illustration specific examples that can be practiced. It is to be understood that other examples can be used and structural changes can be made without departing from the scope of the disclosed examples. 
     Some capacitive touch sensor panels can be formed by a matrix of substantially transparent or non-transparent conductive plates made of materials such as Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), and some touch screens can be formed by at least partially integrating touch sensing circuitry into a display pixel stackup (i.e., the stacked material layers forming the display pixels). The conductive plates can be electrically connected to sense circuitry for sensing touch events on the touch screen. In some examples, many different types of scans can be implemented on a touch screen, and thus it can be beneficial for the architecture of the touch screen to have sufficient flexibility to allow for implementation of these different types of scans on the touch screen. Further, in some examples, a touch screen can include a relatively large number of conductive plates on which touch events can be sensed. The examples of the disclosure provide various touch sensing architectures that are space-efficient and flexible. 
       FIGS.  1 A- 1 C  show example systems in which a touch screen according to examples of the disclosure may be implemented.  FIG.  1 A  illustrates an example mobile telephone  136  that includes a touch screen  124 .  FIG.  1 B  illustrates an example digital media player  140  that includes a touch screen  126 .  FIG.  1 C  illustrates an example portable computing device  144  that includes a touch screen  128 . Touch screens  124 ,  126 , and  128  can be based on self-capacitance. A self-capacitance based touch system can include a matrix of small, individual plates of conductive material that can be referred to as touch node electrodes (as described below with reference to touch screen  220  in  FIG.  2   ). For example, a touch screen can include a plurality of individual touch node electrodes, each touch node electrode identifying or representing a unique location on the touch screen at which touch or proximity (i.e., a touch or proximity event) is to be sensed, and each touch node electrode being electrically isolated from the other touch node electrodes in the touch screen/panel. Such a touch screen can be referred to as a pixelated touch screen on which the touch node electrodes can be used to perform various types of scans, such as self-capacitance scans, mutual capacitance scans, etc. For example, during a self-capacitance scan, a touch node electrode can be stimulated with an AC waveform, and the self-capacitance to ground of the touch node electrode can be measured. As an object approaches the touch node electrode, the self-capacitance to ground of the touch node electrode can change. This change in the self-capacitance of the touch node electrode can be detected and measured by the touch sensing system to determine the positions of multiple objects when they touch, or come in proximity to, the touch screen. In some examples, the electrodes of a self-capacitance based touch system can be formed from rows and columns of conductive material, and changes in the self-capacitance to ground of the rows and columns can be detected, similar to above. In some examples, a touch screen can be multi-touch, single touch, projection scan, full-imaging multi-touch, capacitive touch, etc. 
       FIG.  2    is a block diagram of an example computing system  200  that illustrates one implementation of an example touch screen  220  according to examples of the disclosure. Computing system  200  can be included in, for example, mobile telephone  136 , digital media player  140 , portable computing device  144 , or any mobile or non-mobile computing device that includes a touch screen, including a wearable device. Computing system  200  can include a touch sensing system including one or more touch processors  202 , peripherals  204 , a touch controller  206 , and touch sensing circuitry (described in more detail below). Peripherals  204  can include, but are not limited to, random access memory (RAM) or other types of memory or storage, watchdog timers and the like. Touch controller  206  can include, but is not limited to, one or more sense channels  208  and channel scan logic  210 . Channel scan logic  210  can access RAM  212 , autonomously read data from sense channels  208  and provide control for the sense channels. In addition, channel scan logic  210  can control sense channels  208  to generate stimulation signals at various frequencies and phases that can be selectively applied to the touch nodes of touch screen  220 , as described in more detail below. In some examples, touch controller  206 , touch processor  202  and peripherals  204  can be integrated into a single application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and in some examples can be integrated with touch screen  220  itself. 
     Touch screen  220  can include touch sensing circuitry that can include a capacitive sensing medium having a plurality of electrically isolated touch node electrodes  222  (e.g., a pixelated touch screen). Touch node electrodes  222  can be coupled to sense channels  208  in touch controller  206 , can be driven by stimulation signals from the sense channels through drive/sense interface  225 , and can be sensed by the sense channels through the drive/sense interface as well, as described above. Labeling the conductive plates used to detect touch (i.e., touch node electrodes  222 ) as “touch node” electrodes can be particularly useful when touch screen  220  is viewed as capturing an “image” of touch (a “touch image”). In other words, after touch controller  206  has determined an amount of touch detected at each touch node electrode  222  in touch screen  220 , the pattern of touch node electrodes in the touch screen at which a touch occurred can be thought of as a touch image (e.g., a pattern of fingers touching the touch screen). 
     Computing system  200  can also include a host processor  228  for receiving outputs from touch processor  202  and performing actions based on the outputs. For example, host processor  228  can be connected to program storage  232  and a display controller, such as an LCD driver  234 . The LCD driver  234  can provide voltages on select (gate) lines to each pixel transistor and can provide data signals along data lines to these same transistors to control the pixel display image as described in more detail below. Host processor  228  can use LCD driver  234  to generate a display image on touch screen  220 , such as a display image of a user interface (UI), and can use touch processor  202  and touch controller  206  to detect a touch on or near touch screen  220 . The touch input can be used by computer programs stored in program storage  232  to perform actions that can include, but are not limited to, moving an object such as a cursor or pointer, scrolling or panning, adjusting control settings, opening a file or document, viewing a menu, making a selection, executing instructions, operating a peripheral device connected to the host device, answering a telephone call, placing a telephone call, terminating a telephone call, changing the volume or audio settings, storing information related to telephone communications such as addresses, frequently dialed numbers, received calls, missed calls, logging onto a computer or a computer network, permitting authorized individuals access to restricted areas of the computer or computer network, loading a user profile associated with a user&#39;s preferred arrangement of the computer desktop, permitting access to web content, launching a particular program, encrypting or decoding a message, and/or the like. Host processor  228  can also perform additional functions that may not be related to touch processing. 
     Note that one or more of the functions described herein, including the configuration of switches, can be performed by firmware stored in memory (e.g., one of the peripherals  204  in  FIG.  2   ) and executed by touch processor  202 , or stored in program storage  232  and executed by host processor  228 . The firmware can also be stored and/or transported within any non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions. In the context of this document, a “non-transitory computer-readable storage medium” can be any medium (excluding signals) that can contain or store the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The computer-readable storage medium can include, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus or device, a portable computer diskette (magnetic), a random access memory (RAM) (magnetic), a read-only memory (ROM) (magnetic), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) (magnetic), a portable optical disc such a CD, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD, DVD-R, or DVD-RW, or flash memory such as compact flash cards, secured digital cards, USB memory devices, memory sticks, and the like. 
     The firmware can also be propagated within any transport medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions. In the context of this document, a “transport medium” can be any medium that can communicate, propagate or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The transport medium can include, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic or infrared wired or wireless propagation medium. 
       FIG.  3 A  illustrates an exemplary touch sensor circuit  300  corresponding to a self-capacitance touch node electrode  302  and sensing circuit  314  according to examples of the disclosure. Touch node electrode  302  can correspond to touch node electrode  222 . Touch node electrode  302  can have an inherent self-capacitance to ground associated with it, and also an additional self-capacitance to ground that is formed when an object, such as finger  305 , is in proximity to or touching the electrode. The total self-capacitance to ground of touch node electrode  302  can be illustrated as capacitance  304 . Touch node electrode  302  can be coupled to sensing circuit  314 . Sensing circuit  314  can include an operational amplifier  308 , feedback resistor  312 , feedback capacitor  310  and an input voltage source  306 , although other configurations can be employed. For example, feedback resistor  312  can be replaced by a switched capacitor resistor to reduce a parasitic capacitance effect that can be caused by a variable feedback resistor. Touch node electrode  302  can be coupled to the inverting input of operational amplifier  308 . An AC voltage source  306  (Vac) can be coupled to the non-inverting input of operational amplifier  308 . Touch sensor circuit  300  can be configured to sense changes in the total self-capacitance  304  of the touch node electrode  302  induced by a finger or object either touching or in proximity to the touch sensor panel. The amplitude of the signal at output  320  can change as a function of a change in capacitance  304  due to the presence of a proximity or touch event. Therefore the signal from output  320  can be used by a processor or dedicated logic to determine the presence of a proximity or touch event, in some examples, after analog-to-digital conversion and/or digital signal processing, which may include, but is not limited to, demodulation and filtering. Additional exemplary details of self-capacitance touch sensing, as described above, are described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/067,870, published as U.S. Publication No. 2015/0035787, entitled “Self capacitance touch sensing,” the contents of which is hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes. 
       FIG.  3 B  illustrates an exemplary touch sensor circuit  330  corresponding to a mutual capacitance sensing circuit  331  according to examples of the disclosure. Touch sensor circuit  330  can be utilized to sense the mutual capacitance(s) between touch node electrodes (e.g., touch node electrodes  222 ) on the touch screen of the disclosure. The structure of touch sensor circuit  330  can be substantially that of touch sensor circuit  300  in  FIG.  3 A , except that the non-inverting input of operational amplifier  308  can be coupled to reference voltage  322  (e.g., a direct current (DC) reference voltage). Mutual capacitance sensing circuit  331  can sense changes in mutual capacitance  324  between a touch node electrode  302 A that is driven (e.g., driven by AC voltage source  306 ) and a touch node electrode  302 B that is coupled to the inverting input of operational amplifier  308  and sensed by touch sensor circuit  330 . The remaining details of touch sensor circuit  330  can be the same as those of touch sensor circuit  300  in  FIG.  3 A , and will not be repeated here for brevity. 
       FIG.  3 C  illustrates an exemplary sensor circuit  360  corresponding to a pen detection sensing circuit  361  according to examples of the disclosure. Sensor circuit  360  can be utilized to sense the mutual capacitance(s) between a pen or stylus  328  and a touch node electrode  302  (e.g., touch node electrode  222 ) on the touch screen of the disclosure. The structure of sensor circuit  360  can be substantially that of touch sensor circuit  330  in  FIG.  3 B , the details of which will not be repeated here for brevity. In some examples, pen or stylus  328  can be an active pen or stylus that actively modulates capacitance  326  between an electrode in the pen or stylus  328  (e.g., by driving the electrode in the pen with an AC voltage source  306 ) and a touch node electrode  302  on the touch screen, which pen detection circuit  361  can sense. 
     Referring back to  FIG.  2   , in some examples, touch screen  220  can be an integrated touch screen in which touch sensing circuit elements of the touch sensing system can be integrated into the display pixel stackups of a display. The circuit elements in touch screen  220  can include, for example, elements that can exist in LCD or other displays, such as one or more pixel transistors (e.g., thin film transistors (TFTs)), gate lines, data lines, pixel electrodes and common electrodes. In a given display pixel, a voltage between a pixel electrode and a common electrode can control a luminance of the display pixel. The voltage on the pixel electrode can be supplied by a data line through a pixel transistor, which can be controlled by a gate line. It is noted that circuit elements are not limited to whole circuit components, such as a whole capacitor, a whole transistor, etc., but can include portions of circuitry, such as only one of the two plates of a parallel plate capacitor.  FIG.  4    illustrates an example configuration in which common electrodes  402  can form portions of the touch sensing circuitry of a touch sensing system—in some examples of this disclosure, the common electrodes can form touch node electrodes used to detect a touch image on touch screen  400 , as described above. Each common electrode  402  (which can define a “touch region” of the touch screen) can include a plurality of display pixels  401 , and each display pixel  401  can include a portion of a common electrode  402 , which can be a circuit element of the display system circuitry in the pixel stackup (i.e., the stacked material layers forming the display pixels) of the display pixels of some types of LCD or other displays that can operate as part of the display system to display a display image. 
     In the example shown in  FIG.  4   , each common electrode  402  can serve as a multi-function circuit element that can operate as display circuitry of the display system of touch screen  400  and can also operate as touch sensing circuitry of the touch sensing system. In this example, each common electrode  402  can operate as a common electrode of the display circuitry of the touch screen  400 , as described above, and can also operate as touch sensing circuitry of the touch screen. For example, a common electrode  402  can operate as a capacitive part of a touch node electrode of the touch sensing circuitry during the touch sensing phase. Other circuit elements of touch screen  400  can form part of the touch sensing circuitry by, for example, switching electrical connections, etc. More specifically, in some examples, during the touch sensing phase, a gate line can be connected to a power supply, such as a charge pump, that can apply a voltage to maintain TFTs in display pixels included in a touch node electrode in an “off” state. Stimulation signals can be applied to common electrode  402 . Changes in the total self-capacitance of common electrode  402  can be sensed through an operational amplifier, as previously discussed. The change in the total self-capacitance of common electrode  402  can depend on the proximity of a touch object, such as finger  305 , to the common electrode. In this way, the measured change in total self-capacitance of common electrode  402  can provide an indication of touch on or near the touch screen. 
     In general, each of the touch sensing circuit elements may be either a multi-function circuit element that can form part of the touch sensing circuitry and can perform one or more other functions, such as forming part of the display circuitry, or may be a single-function circuit element that can operate as touch sensing circuitry only. Similarly, each of the display circuit elements may be either a multi-function circuit element that can operate as display circuitry and perform one or more other functions, such as operating as touch sensing circuitry, or may be a single-function circuit element that can operate as display circuitry only. Therefore, in some examples, some of the circuit elements in the display pixel stackups can be multi-function circuit elements and other circuit elements may be single-function circuit elements. In other examples, all of the circuit elements of the display pixel stackups may be single-function circuit elements. 
     In addition, although examples herein may describe the display circuitry as operating during a display phase, and describe the touch sensing circuitry as operating during a touch sensing phase, it should be understood that a display phase and a touch sensing phase may be operated at the same time, e.g., partially or completely overlap, or the display phase and touch sensing phase may operate at different times. Also, although examples herein describe certain circuit elements as being multi-function and other circuit elements as being single-function, it should be understood that the circuit elements are not limited to the particular functionality in other examples. In other words, a circuit element that is described in one example herein as a single-function circuit element may be configured as a multi-function circuit element in other examples, and vice versa. 
     The common electrodes  402  (i.e., touch node electrodes) and display pixels  401  of  FIG.  4    are shown as rectangular or square regions on touch screen  400 . However, it is understood that the common electrodes  402  and display pixels  401  are not limited to the shapes, orientations, and positions shown, but can include any suitable configurations according to examples of the disclosure. Further, the examples of the disclosure will be provided in the context of a touch screen, but it is understood that the examples of the disclosure can similarly be implemented in the context of a touch sensor panel. 
     As described above, the self-capacitance of each touch node electrode (sometimes, common electrode  402 ) in touch screen  400  can be sensed to capture a touch image across touch screen  400 . To allow for the sensing of the self-capacitance of individual common electrodes  402 , it can be necessary to route one or more electrical connections (e.g., touch node traces) between each of the common electrodes and the touch sensing circuitry (e.g., sense channels  208  or sensing circuit  314 ) of touch screen  400 . 
       FIG.  5 A  illustrates an exemplary touch node electrode  502  routing configuration in which touch node traces  504  can be routed directly from touch node electrodes  502  to sense circuitry  508  according to examples of the disclosure. Similar to as discussed before, touch screen  500  can include touch node electrodes  502 . Sense circuitry  508  can correspond to sense channels  208  and/or sensing circuits  314 , for example. In the example of  FIG.  5 A , each touch node electrode  502  can correspond to its own sense channel in sense circuitry  508  (e.g., each touch node electrode can be coupled, via a respective touch node trace  504 , to its own driving and/or sensing circuitry in the sense circuitry—e.g., sensing circuit  314 ). In other words, sense circuitry  508  can include multiple sense channels to which touch node electrodes  502  can be coupled, and by which the touch node electrodes can be sensed, as described with reference to  FIGS.  3 A- 3 C . In the example illustrated, touch screen  500  can include 144 touch node electrodes  502  (12 touch nodes horizontally, and 12 touch nodes vertically), though it is understood that different numbers and configurations of touch node electrodes can be utilized in accordance with the examples of the disclosure. 
     Each of touch node electrodes  502  can be coupled to sense circuitry  508  via respective touch node traces  504 . Thus, in some examples, 12 touch node traces  504  can be coupled to 12 respective touch node electrodes  502  in a column of touch node electrodes on touch screen  500  (partially illustrated in  FIG.  5 A  for ease of description). These 12 touch node traces  504  for each column of touch node electrodes  502  can be coupled to sense circuitry  508  for a total of 144 touch node traces coupled between touch screen  500  and sense circuitry  508 . In some examples, touch screen  500  and portions of the 144 touch node traces  504  can be disposed on a first substrate (e.g., a glass substrate), remaining portions of the 144 touch node traces can be disposed on a second substrate (e.g., a connector connecting the touch screen and sense circuitry  508 , such as a flex connector), and the sense circuitry can be disposed on a third substrate (e.g., an integrated circuit on a main logic board of a device of which the touch screen is a part). It is understood that in some examples, touch screen  500  (including touch node electrodes  502 ), touch node traces  504  and sense circuitry  508  can be disposed on the same substrate or on different substrates in a different configuration than that described above, though the description that follows will assume that the touch screen, at least a portion of the touch node traces and the sense circuitry are disposed on different substrates. 
     In some examples, especially in situations where touch screen  500  includes a relatively large number of touch node electrodes  502  (e.g., 40×32 touch node electrodes=1280 touch node electrodes, or 48×36 touch node electrodes=1728 touch node electrodes), it can be difficult to route the resulting relatively large number of touch node traces  504  between touch screen  500  and sense circuitry  508 . For example, it can be difficult to include 1280 or 1728 touch node traces  504  on a flex connector that can be coupled between touch screen  500  and sense circuitry  508 . Sensing touch on only portions of touch screen  500  at a time, or configuring touch node electrodes  502  to share sense channels (e.g., sensing circuits  314 ) on sense circuitry  508 , can reduce the number of touch node traces  504  needed to couple the touch screen to the sense circuitry. Additionally, such sensing and sharing schemes can reduce the quantity of driving and/or sensing circuitry required in sense circuitry  508  for proper touch screen operation. The examples that follow will illustrate the above-mentioned advantages. 
       FIG.  5 B  illustrates an exemplary touch node electrode  502  routing configuration that includes switching circuits  506   a ,  506   b  and  506   c  (referred to collectively as  506 ) according to examples of the disclosure. In touch screen  500  of  FIG.  5 B , only a portion of touch node electrodes  502  can be driven, sensed, etc., at a given moment in time, as will be described in more detail below. As a result, the number of separate touch node electrode traces  504  that may need to be coupled to sense circuitry  508  can be less than the total number of touch node electrodes  502  included in touch screen  500 . Specifically, touch node traces  504  can be individually coupled to touch node electrodes  502 , as described with reference to  FIG.  5 A . However, instead of being routed directly to sense circuitry  508 , touch node traces  504  can be routed from respective touch node electrodes  502  to switching circuits  506 . In the example of  FIG.  5 B , three switching circuits  506  are illustrated, but it is understood that the examples of the disclosure can similarly be implemented in configurations employing different numbers of switching circuits (e.g., a single switching circuit). 
     Traces  510   a ,  510   b  and  510   c  (referred to collectively as  510 ) can couple switching circuits  506  to sense circuitry  508 . Specifically, respective traces  510  can be coupled to respective sense channels in sense circuitry  508  (e.g., respective sensing circuits  314  in the sense circuitry). Traces  510  can be shared by multiple touch node electrodes  502 , as will be described below, and thus can be referred to as shared traces. Similar to  FIG.  5 A , touch screen  500  (including touch node electrodes  502 ) and switching circuits  506  can be disposed on a first substrate (e.g., a glass substrate), shared traces  510  can be disposed on a second substrate (e.g., a connector coupling the touch screen and sense circuitry  508 , such as a flex connector), and the sense circuitry can be disposed on a third substrate (e.g., an integrated circuit on a main logic board of a device of which the touch screen is a part). It is understood that in some examples, touch screen  500  (including touch node electrodes  502 ), switching circuits  506 , touch node traces  504 , shared traces  510  and sense circuitry  508  can be disposed on the same substrate or on different substrates in a different configuration than that described above. 
     The operation of the touch node electrode  502  routing configuration of  FIG.  5 B  will now be described. Switching circuits  506  can have the ability to selectively couple one or more of shared traces  510  to one or more touch node electrodes  502  to which the switching circuits are coupled via respective ones of touch node traces  504 . Because respective traces  510  can, in turn, be coupled to respective sense channels in sense circuitry  508 , as described above, switching circuits  506  can, thus, selectively couple a given sense channel in sense circuitry  508  (e.g., sensing circuit  314 ) to a given touch node electrode  502  via shared traces  510  and touch node traces  504 . This ability to assign a given sense channel in sense circuitry  508  to a first touch node electrode  502  during a first time period, and to a second touch node electrode during a second time period, can allow for a single sense channel to be used for sensing touch on multiple touch node electrodes at different times, and can thus reduce the quantity of such sense channels (e.g., sensing circuits  314 ) needed in the sense circuitry for proper touch screen operation. Relatedly, the number of shared traces  510  can be less than the number of touch node traces  504 . For example, focusing on switching circuit  506   a  in  FIG.  5 B,  48    touch node traces  504  can couple switching circuit  506   a  to the  48  touch node electrodes  502  in region  512  of touch screen  500 , as described previously. The number of shared traces  510   a  coupling switching circuit  506   a  and sense circuitry  508  can depend on how many of touch node electrodes  502  in region  512  of touch screen  500  need to be independently driven and/or sensed at a given moment in time. For example, if one-fourth of the touch node electrodes  502  in region  512  of touch screen  500  need to be independently driven and/or sensed at a given moment in time, then only 12 shared traces  510   a  need to couple switching circuit  506   a  to sense circuitry  508 —during a first time period, switching circuit  506   a  can couple those 12 shared traces to 12 touch node electrodes, during a second time period, the switching circuitry can couple those 12 shared traces to 12 different touch node electrodes, and so on. The specific ratio of the number of shared traces  510  to the number of touch node traces  504  can depend on the particular operating schemes (e.g., touch screen scan configurations) of touch screen  500 . However, in accordance with the particular example disclosed above, the number of traces disposed on the flex connector (e.g., shared traces  510 ) in  FIG.  5 B  can be less than the number of traces disposed on the flex connector (e.g., traces  504 ) in  FIG.  5 A . This reduction of traces can similarly be implemented in touch screens having different operating requirements than those discussed above. 
       FIGS.  6 A- 6 D  illustrate exemplary touch screen scan configurations according to examples of the disclosure. The following touch screen scan configurations are provided by way of example only; other touch screen scan configurations can be implemented according to examples of the disclosure.  FIG.  6 A  illustrates exemplary display  602 , touch  604  and pen frames  606  according to examples of the disclosure. Display frame  602  can include two touch frames  604 , which can, in turn, include two pen frames  606 . In some examples, display frame  602  and touch frame  604  can occur at the same time and have the same length (i.e., display frame  602  can include one touch frame  604 ). The length of display frame  602  can be related to the frequency with which a display image displayed on the touch screen of the disclosure is updated, the length of touch frame  604  can be related to the frequency with which touch is sensed across the entire touch screen of the disclosure, and the length of pen frame  606  can be related to the frequency with which the location of a pen or stylus is detected on the touch screen of the disclosure. 
     Touch frame  604  can include time periods during which various pen, touch or display operations can be performed. The discussion that follows will focus on touch frame  604 , but as is apparent from  FIG.  6 A , the structure of display frame  602  can be based on the structure of touch frame  604 , and the structure of the touch frame can be based on the structure of pen frame  606 . Touch frame  604  can include two time periods  624  during which various pen detection and mutual capacitance scans can be performed on the touch screen of the disclosure, as will be described in more detail later. Touch frame  604  can also include four time periods  608 ,  612 ,  616  and  620  during which touch can be sensed in different regions of the touch screen of the disclosure. For example, during time period  608 , region  610  of the touch screen can be scanned in a self-capacitance configuration (as described with reference to  FIG.  3 A , for example) to sense touch in region  610  of the touch screen. Similarly, during time period  612 , region  614  of the touch screen can be scanned in a self-capacitance configuration to sense touch in region  614  of the touch screen. Time periods  616  and  620  can similarly correspond to the sensing of touch in regions  618  and  622  of the touch screen, respectively. In this way, touch can be sensed across the entirety of the touch screen by the time touch frame  604  ends. In some examples, a display image displayed by the touch screen can be updated during time periods between time periods  608 ,  612 ,  616 ,  620  and  624  of touch frame  604 . 
       FIG.  6 B  illustrates exemplary details of time period  624  in touch frame  604  according to examples of the disclosure. As described above, during time period  624 , various pen-related and mutual capacitance scans can be performed on the touch screen of the disclosure. Specifically, time period  624  can include four scan periods: pen detect scan  628 , mutual capacitance scan  634 , pen column scan  632  and pen row scan  630 . As stated previously, these scan periods are provided by way of example only, and it is understood that time period  624  can include alternative scan periods to those illustrated. 
     During pen detect  628  scan period, 4×4 blocks of touch node electrodes can be scanned in a mutual capacitance configuration (as described with reference to  FIG.  3 A , for example) to determine an approximate location of a pen or stylus on or in proximity to the touch screen. In some examples, these 4×4 blocks of touch node electrodes can be referred to as “supernodes.” A 4×4 configuration of a supernode is given by example only, and it is understood that supernodes may have configurations different than a 4×4 configuration (e.g., a 2×2 configuration, a 3×3 configuration, etc.). All of the touch node electrodes in a given supernode can be coupled to common sense circuitry (e.g., sense circuit  361  in  FIG.  3 C ), and thus can act as a single large touch node electrode when detecting mutual capacitance modulations that may result from a pen or stylus being in proximity to the given supernode. In some examples, all of the supernodes on the touch screen can be scanned at substantially the same time so that pen detection can occur in a single scan period, as illustrated in scan configuration  638 . Specifically, all touch node electrodes labeled “S1” can be coupled to a first sense channel (e.g., sense circuit  361  in  FIG.  3 C ), all touch node electrodes labeled “S2” can be coupled to a second sense channel, and so on, as illustrated. In the illustrated example, nine 4×4 supernodes can be coupled to nine different sense channels—channels 1 through 9. In some examples, pen detection can occur during two or more scan periods. During a first pen detect scan period, the first halves of all of the supernodes on the touch screen can be scanned in a mutual capacitance configuration (e.g., as described with reference to  FIG.  3 C ) to detect the presence of a pen or stylus in proximity to those halves. During a second pen detect scan period, the remaining halves of all of the supernodes on the touch screen can be scanned in the mutual capacitance configuration (e.g., as described with reference to  FIG.  3 C ) to detect the presence of a pen or stylus in proximity to those remaining halves. As a result, the presence or absence of a pen or stylus can have been detected across the entirety of the touch screen at the completion of the first and second pen detect scan periods. In some examples, not every touch node electrode in a supernode needs to be scanned during the pen detection scan period(s), because the pen detection scan period(s) may only need to approximately determine to which supernode the pen or stylus is in proximity. For example, in some examples, touch node electrodes in a supernode can be scanned (e.g., as described with reference to  FIG.  3 C ) in a checkerboard pattern so that every other touch node electrode is coupled to a sense channel and scanned in a mutual capacitance configuration. Reducing the number of touch node electrodes that are coupled to sense circuitry, such as sense channels, can reduce the capacitive load on that sense circuitry, and can yield benefits such as reduced noise gain and improved signal bandwidth, resulting in improved signal-to-noise ratio. 
     In some examples, pen row  630  and pen column  632  scan periods can be performed in response to detecting a pen or stylus in proximity to the touch screen during the pen detect  628  scan period. In some examples, when a pen or stylus is detected in proximity to a given supernode, the touch node electrodes in that supernode and all surrounding supernodes (e.g., the given supernode and the eight supernodes surrounding the given supernode) can be scanned in a pen row  640  and a pen column  642  configuration. If the given supernode is at an edge or corner of the touch screen, then the given supernode may have fewer than eight surrounding supernodes—in such circumstances, those supernodes can be scanned in the pen row  640  and pen column  642  configurations. In the pen row configuration  640 , touch node electrodes in a row of touch node electrodes of each supernode to be scanned can be scanned in a mutual capacitance configuration (e.g., as described with respect to  FIG.  3 C ), and all of the touch node electrodes in that row can be sensed by the same sense channel (e.g., sense circuit  361  in  FIG.  3 C ). For example, the top row of touch node electrodes in the upper-left-most supernode to be scanned can be coupled to sense channel “S1”, as illustrated, and sensed in the mutual capacitance configuration. The remaining rows of touch node electrodes in the supernodes to be scanned can similarly be coupled to respective sense channels and sensed in mutual capacitance configurations, as illustrated. In the example illustrated in  FIG.  6 B , 36 supernode “row segments” (e.g., 1×4 collections of touch node electrodes) can be coupled to 36 different respective sense channels—channels 1 through 36. 
     In addition to the pen row scan period  630 , a pen column scan period  632  can be performed. Analogously to the pen row scan configuration  640 , in the pen column scan configuration  642 , touch node electrodes in a column of touch node electrodes of each supernode to be scanned can be scanned in a mutual capacitance configuration (e.g., as described with reference to  FIG.  3 C ), and all of the touch node electrodes in that column can be sensed by the same sense channel (e.g., sense circuit  361  in  FIG.  3 C ). For example, the left column of touch node electrodes in the upper-left-most supernode to be scanned can be coupled to sense channel “S1”, as illustrated, and sensed in the mutual capacitance configuration (e.g., as described with reference to  FIG.  3 C ). The remaining columns of touch node electrodes in the supernodes to be scanned can similarly be coupled to respective sense channels and sensed in mutual capacitance configurations (e.g., as described with reference to  FIG.  3 C ), as illustrated. In the example illustrated in  FIG.  6 B , 36 supernode “column segments” (e.g., 4×1 collections of touch node electrodes) can be coupled to 36 different respective sense channels—channels 1 through 36. 
     In some examples, time period  624  can also include a mutual capacitance scan time period  634 . During the mutual capacitance scan time period  634 , the entire touch screen can be scanned as illustrated in mutual capacitance scan configuration  644 . Specifically, every 2×2 collection of touch node electrodes can have the following configuration: the top-left touch node electrode can be sensed (e.g., coupled to a sense channel, such as sense circuit  331  in  FIG.  3 B , and referred to as a “S touch node electrode”), the bottom-right touch node electrode can be driven (e.g., coupled to a drive voltage source, such as voltage source  306  in  FIG.  3 B , and referred to as a “D touch node electrode”), and the top-right and bottom-left touch node electrodes can be biased at a bias voltage (e.g., coupled to a bias voltage source, and referred to as a “VB touch node electrode”). The above-described configuration of touch node electrodes can allow for measurement of a mutual capacitance (and changes in the mutual capacitance) between the D and S touch node electrodes. In some examples, these mutual capacitance measurements can be obtained by stimulating one or more D touch node electrodes on the touch screen with one or more stimulation buffers, biasing one or more VB touch node electrodes with one or more bias buffers (e.g., one or more AC ground buffers), and/or sensing one or more S touch node electrodes with one or more sense amplifiers (e.g., sense circuitry). The above-described mutual capacitance configuration  644  is exemplary only, and it is understood that other mutual capacitance configurations are similarly within the scope of the disclosure (e.g., a configuration in which at least one touch node electrode is driven and at least one touch node electrode is sensed). 
       FIG.  6 C  illustrates exemplary details of time periods  608 ,  612 ,  616  and  620  in touch frame  604  according to examples of the disclosure. As described above, during time periods  608 ,  612 ,  616  and  620 , various self-capacitance scans can be performed on the touch screen of the disclosure. The details of time periods  608 ,  612 ,  616  and  620  can be substantially the same, except that the scans described below can be performed in different regions of the touch screen, as described with reference to  FIG.  6 A . Therefore, the following discussion will focus on time period  608 , though it is understood that the discussion can apply similarly to time periods  612 ,  616  and  620 . 
     Time period  608  can include four scan periods: self-capacitance scan step 1  650 , self-capacitance scan step 2  652 , self-capacitance scan step 3  654  and self-capacitance scan step 4  656 . As stated previously, these scan periods are provided by way of example only, and it is understood that time period  608  can include alternative scan periods to those illustrated. 
     During self-capacitance scan step 1  650 , touch node electrodes in a particular region of the touch screen (e.g., region  610 ,  614 ,  618  and/or  622  in  FIG.  6 A ) can be scanned as illustrated in configuration  658 . Specifically, in every 2×2 collection of touch node electrodes in the region to be scanned, the top-left touch node electrode can be driven and sensed (e.g., to sense a self-capacitance of that touch node electrode, as described with reference to  FIG.  3 A ), the bottom-right touch node electrode can be biased at a bias voltage, and the top-right and bottom-left touch node electrodes can be driven but not sensed. Thus, in  FIG.  6 C , the DS touch node electrode can be coupled to sense circuitry (e.g., sense circuitry  314  in  FIG.  3 A ), the D touch node electrodes can be coupled to one or more stimulation buffers, and the VB touch node electrode can be coupled to a bias buffer (e.g., an AC ground buffer). In some examples, the sense circuitry to which the DS touch node electrode is coupled can share the same stimulation source (e.g., AC voltage source  306 ) as the stimulation buffer(s) to which the D touch node electrodes are coupled, because the DS and D touch node electrodes can be driven by the same stimulation signal. 
     Self-capacitance scan step 2  652 , self-capacitance scan step 3  654  and self-capacitance scan step 4  656  can drive and sense, drive but not sense, and bias different permutations of touch node electrodes, as illustrated in configurations  660 ,  662  and  664 , such that at the end of self-capacitance scan step 4, each of the touch node electrodes in the group of four touch node electrodes has been driven and sensed at some point in time. The order of scan steps provided is exemplary only, and it is understood that a different order of scan steps could be utilized. By performing such self-capacitance measurements across part or all of the touch screen of the disclosure, a self-capacitance touch image on the touch screen can be captured. 
     As described above, in some examples, the self-capacitance scans discussed above can be performed in a region by region manner on the touch screen of the disclosure. For example, the self-capacitance scans can first be performed in region  610  of touch screen  600 , then in region  614  of the touch screen, then in region  618  of the touch screen, and finally in region  622  of the touch screen. While a given region of the touch screen is being scanned in a self-capacitance configuration, the remaining regions of the touch screen can be configured in a way that mirrors the self-capacitance scan taking place in the given region, as will be described below. 
       FIG.  6 D  illustrates an exemplary configuration  666  of touch node electrodes in regions  614 ,  618  and  622  of touch screen  600  while region  610  is being scanned in a self-capacitance configuration as described with reference to  FIG.  6 C . Specifically, touch node electrodes in a 2×2 group of touch node electrodes can be configured as illustrated in configuration  666 , where three of the touch node electrodes can be driven but not sensed, and the remaining one touch node electrode can be biased at a bias voltage. The position of the touch node electrode that is biased at the bias voltage (i.e., the VB touch node electrode) can correspond to the position of the VB touch node electrode in configurations  658 ,  660 ,  662  and  664  in  FIG.  6 C . That is to say that when region  610  is being scanned according to configuration  658 , the VB touch node electrode in regions  614 ,  618  and  622  can be the lower-right touch node electrode in a 2×2 group of touch node electrodes, as illustrated in configuration  666 . Similarly, when region  610  is being scanned according to configuration  660 , the VB touch node electrode in regions  614 ,  618  and  622  can be the lower-left touch node electrode in the 2×2 group of touch node electrodes, when region  610  is being scanned according to configuration  662 , the VB touch node electrode in regions  614 ,  618  and  622  can be the upper-left touch node electrode in the 2×2 group of touch node electrodes, and when region  610  is being scanned according to configuration  664 , the VB touch node electrode in regions  614 ,  618  and  622  can be the upper-right touch node electrode in the 2×2 group of touch node electrodes. The above-described touch node electrode configurations can similarly apply to other regions of touch screen  600  when regions other than region  610  are being scanned in a self-capacitance configuration. 
     As discussed above, in some examples, groups of touch node electrodes (“supernodes”) can be collectively scanned during certain time periods in the operation of the touch screen of the disclosure. For example, all of the supernodes on the touch screen can be scanned concurrently during a pen detection scan period, as described above with reference to  FIG.  6 B . Thus, to be able to scan all of such supernodes on the touch screen concurrently, there can be a minimum number of shared traces (e.g., shared traces  510  in  FIG.  5 B ) that can be required to couple switching circuits (e.g., switching circuits  506  in  FIG.  5 B ) to sense circuitry (e.g., sense circuitry  508  in  FIG.  5 B ). Further, the switching circuits utilized by the touch screen may not align with the number and layout of supernodes on the touch screen—specifically, some supernodes on the touch screen may extend across separate switching circuits, as will be described below. In such configurations, shared traces can be shared amongst multiple switching circuits. 
       FIGS.  7 A- 7 C  illustrate exemplary touch screen and switching circuit configurations according to examples of the disclosure.  FIG.  7 A  illustrates an exemplary touch screen  700  configuration in which switching circuits  706 A,  706 B,  706 C and  706 D (referred to collectively as  706 ) can correspond to full supercolumns  714  of supernodes  703  on the touch screen. In the example of  FIG.  7 A , supernodes  703  can be made up of groups of 4×4 touch node electrodes  702 , as illustrated. It is understood that other supernode configurations can similarly be implemented according to the examples of the disclosure, though the discussion that follows will be directed to 4×4 supernode configurations for ease of description. 
     Touch screen  700  can include 16 supernodes  703 : four supernodes horizontally by four supernodes vertically. Further, touch screen  700  can include four switching circuits  706 . Switching circuit  706   a  can be coupled to the left-most four columns of touch node electrodes  702  (i.e., the left-most supernode  703  supercolumn  714 ) via respective touch node traces  704 , switching circuit  706   b  can be coupled to the center-left four columns of touch node electrodes via respective touch node traces, switching circuit  706   c  can be coupled to the center-right four columns of touch node electrodes via respective touch node traces, and switching circuit  706   d  can be coupled to the right-most four columns of touch node electrodes via respective touch node traces. 
     Focusing, for now, on exemplary self-capacitance scans to be performed on touch screen  700  (e.g., as discussed with reference to  FIGS.  6 C- 6 D ), a complete self-capacitance scan of the touch screen can require 16 scan steps (e.g., scan steps  650 ,  652 ,  654  and  656  in  FIG.  6 C , repeated four times across the touch screen as illustrated in  FIG.  6 D ). Further, touch screen  700 , as illustrated, can include 256 touch node electrodes  702 . As such, the number of unique sense channels required to perform the self-capacitance scan of touch screen  700  can be 16-256 touch node electrodes divided by 16 scan steps. These 16 sense channels can be coupled to appropriate touch node electrodes  702  on touch screen  700  via switching circuits  706 , each of which can be coupled to four sense channels in sense circuitry  708  via respective traces  710 A,  710 B,  710 C and  710 D (referred to collectively as  710 ). Therefore, each switching circuit  706  can correspond to one dedicated supercolumn  714 , as illustrated. 
     In some examples, some supernodes on the touch screen can extend across multiple switching circuits— FIG.  7 B  illustrates such a scenario according to examples of the disclosure. Touch screen  730  in  FIG.  7 B  can include 20, 4×4 supernodes  703 : five supernodes horizontally, and four supernodes vertically. Touch node electrodes  702  making up supernodes  703  are only illustrated in the upper-left-most supernode of touch screen  730  for simplicity of illustration, though it is understood that the remaining supernodes can similarly include touch node electrodes. 
     Touch screen  730  can include four switching circuits  706 . Because touch screen  730  can include five supercolumns  714  of supernodes  703 , each of switching circuits  706  can be coupled to touch node electrodes  702  in supernodes in two supercolumns, as will be described below. Each switching circuit  706  can be coupled to five columns of touch node electrodes  702 . Specifically, switching circuit  706   a  can be coupled to all of touch node electrodes  702  in supernodes  703  in supercolumn  714   a , as well as the left-most column of touch node electrodes in the supernodes in supercolumn  714   b . Switching circuit  706   b  can be coupled to the remaining touch node electrodes  702  in supercolumn  714   b , as well as the left-two columns of touch node electrodes in supercolumn  714   c . Switching circuit  706   c  can be coupled to the right-two columns of touch node electrodes  702  in supercolumn  714   c , as well as the left-three columns of touch node electrodes in supercolumn  714   d . Finally, switching circuit  706   d  can be coupled to the remaining column of touch node electrodes  702  in supercolumn  714   d , as well as all of the touch node electrodes in supercolumn  714   e.    
     Focusing, for now, on exemplary self-capacitance scans to be performed on touch screen  730  (e.g., as discussed with reference to  FIGS.  6 C- 6 D ), a complete self-capacitance scan of the touch screen can require 16 scan steps (e.g., scan steps  650 ,  652 ,  654  and  656  in  FIG.  6 C , repeated four times across the touch screen as illustrated in  FIG.  6 D ). Further, touch screen  730 , as illustrated, can include 320 touch node electrodes  702 . As such, the number of unique sense channels required to perform the self-capacitance scan of touch screen  730  can be 20-320 touch node electrodes divided by 16 scan steps. These 20 sense channels can be coupled to appropriate touch node electrodes  702  on touch screen  730  via switching circuits  706 . Because each switching circuit  706  may need to support a full and a partial, or two partial, columns  714  of supernodes  703 , as described above, neighboring switching circuits can share some connections to sense channels in sense circuitry  708 , so that those switching circuits can each have access to the sense channels needed to couple to the supernodes shared between those switching circuits. In other words, in order for touch node electrodes  702  that are part of the same supernode  703 , but are coupled to different switching circuits  706 , to be coupled to the same sense channel in sense circuitry  708 , it can be necessary for those different switching circuits to at least partially share a connection to the sense circuitry. For example, switching circuit  706   a  and switching circuit  706   b  can be partially coupled to sense circuitry  708  via shared traces  710   b —switching circuit  706   a  can have four dedicated connections to sense channels in sense circuitry  708  via traces  710   a , and can share four connections to sense channels in the sense circuitry with switching circuit  706   b  via traces  710   b . In this way, touch node electrodes  702  coupled to switching circuit  706   a  and touch node electrodes coupled to switching circuit  706   b  that are part of the same supernode  703  can be coupled to the same shared trace  710   b , and thus to the same sense channel in sense circuitry  708 . Switching circuit  706   b , switching circuit  706   c  and switching circuit  706   d  can similarly share shared traces (e.g., traces  710   c  and  710   d ) for the same reasons as described above. 
       FIG.  7 C  illustrates an exemplary touch screen having four rows of supernodes  703 , and nine supercolumns  714  of supernodes according to examples of the disclosure. Specifically, touch screen  760  in  FIG.  7 C  can include 36, 4×4 supernodes  703 : nine supernodes horizontally, and four supernodes vertically. Touch node electrodes  702  making up supernodes  703  are only illustrated in the upper-left-most supernode of touch screen  760  for simplicity of illustration, though it is understood that the remaining supernodes can similarly include touch node electrodes. 
     Touch screen  760 , like touch screen  730  in  FIG.  7 B , can include four switching circuits  706 , though each switching circuit in touch screen  760  can support a greater number of traces  710  and touch node traces  704 . Because touch screen  760  can include nine supercolumns  714  of supernodes  703 , each of switching circuits  706  can be coupled to touch node electrodes  702  in supernodes in three supercolumns. In particular, each switching circuit  706  can be coupled to nine columns of touch node electrodes  702 . Specifically, switching circuit  706   a  can be coupled to all of touch node electrodes  702  in supernodes  703  in supercolumns  714   a  and  714   b , as well as the left-most column of touch node electrodes in the supernodes in supercolumn  714   c . Switching circuit  706   b  can be coupled to the remaining touch node electrodes  702  in supercolumn  714   c , all of the touch node electrodes in supercolumn  714   d , as well as the left-two columns of touch node electrodes in supercolumn  714   e . Switching circuit  706   c  can be coupled to the right-two columns of touch node electrodes  702  in supercolumn  714   e , all of the touch node electrodes in supercolumn  714   f , as well as the left-three columns of touch node electrodes in supercolumn  714   g . Finally, switching circuit  706   d  can be coupled to the remaining column of touch node electrodes  702  in supercolumn  714   g , as well as all of the touch node electrodes in supercolumns  714   h  and  714   i.    
     Similar to as described with reference to  FIG.  7 B , each switching circuit  706  in  FIG.  7 C  may need to support full and partial columns of supernodes  703 , as described above. As such, neighboring switching circuits  706  can share some connections  710  to sense channels in sense circuitry  708 , so that those switching circuits can each have access to the sense channels needed to couple to the supernodes  703  shared between those switching circuits. For example, switching circuit  706   a  and switching circuit  706   b  can be partially coupled to sense circuitry  708  via shared traces  710   b —switching circuit  706   a  can have eight dedicated connections to sense channels in sense circuitry  708  via traces  710   a , and can share four connections to sense channels in the sense circuitry with switching circuit  706   b  via traces  710   b . In this way, touch node electrodes  702  coupled to switching circuit  706   a  and touch node electrodes coupled to switching circuit  706   b  that are part of the same supernode  703  can be coupled to the same shared trace  710   b , and thus to the same sense channel in sense circuitry  708 . Switching circuit  706   b , switching circuit  706   c  and switching circuit  706   d  can similarly share shared traces (e.g., traces  710   d  and  710   f ) for the same reasons as described above. 
       FIGS.  8 A- 8 D  illustrate exemplary interconnect structures for the switching circuits of the touch screen according to examples of the disclosure.  FIG.  8 A  illustrates an exemplary switching circuit  806 A,  806 B,  806 C and  806 D (referred to collectively as  806 ) configuration according to examples of the disclosure. The configuration of  FIG.  8 A  can be substantially that of  FIG.  7 A . Specifically, switching circuit  806   a  can be coupled to touch node electrodes  802  in supercolumn  814   a  of supernodes, switching circuit  806   b  can be coupled to touch node electrodes in supercolumn  814   b  of supernodes, switching circuit  806   c  can be coupled to touch node electrodes in supercolumn  814   c  of supernodes, and switching circuit  806   d  can be coupled to touch node electrodes in supercolumn  814   d  of supernodes, as previously described with reference to  FIG.  7 A . Respective switching circuits  806  can be coupled to touch node electrodes  802  in respective supercolumns  814  via  64  traces  804 A,  804 B,  804 C and  804 D (referred to collectively as  804 ), because each supercolumn of supernodes can include 64 touch node electrodes. Further, respective switching circuits  806  can be coupled to respective sense channels in sense circuitry  808  via four sense traces  810 A,  810 B,  810 C and  810 D (referred to collectively as  810 ), as previously discussed. 
     Switching circuits  806  can include interconnect lines  820 A,  820 B,  820 C and  820 D (referred to collectively as  820 ) that can facilitate the coupling of touch node traces  804  to respective ones of sense traces  810 . Focusing on switching circuit  806   a  (switching circuits  806   b ,  806   c  and  806   d  can be similarly structured), the switching circuit can include interconnect lines  820   a . Interconnect lines  820   a  can be coupled to respective ones of sense traces  810   a , such that each sense trace  810   a  can be coupled to a different interconnect line  820   a . Touch node traces  804   a  can then be selectively coupled to respective ones of interconnect lines  820   a  so as to couple touch node electrodes  802  to appropriate sense traces  810   a  (and thus to appropriate sense channels in sense circuitry  808 ) according to desired touch screen operation (e.g., according to any touch screen scan configuration, such as described with reference to  FIGS.  6 A- 6 D ). 
     In some examples, interconnect lines  820   a  can extend across substantially the entire width of switching circuit  806   a . Further, although illustrated as single lines, it is understood that interconnect lines  820   a  can each be comprised of multiple lines—specifically, a sufficient number of lines so as to allow for implementation of desired touch screen scan configurations. For example, the total number of lines in interconnect lines  820   a  can correspond to the maximum number of sense channels in sense circuitry  808  to which touch node electrodes  802  in column  814   a  of touch node electrodes will be coupled at a given moment in time. For example, with respect to the self-capacitance scan described with reference to  FIGS.  6 C- 6 D  and  FIG.  7 A , the maximum number of sense channels in sense circuitry  808  to which touch node electrodes  802  in column  814   a  of touch node electrodes will be coupled at a given moment in time can be four, as previously described. Therefore, interconnect lines  820   a  (and thus sense traces  810   a ) can be comprised of four lines that extend across substantially the entire width of switching circuit  806   a . The preceding discussion can apply analogously to switching circuits  806   b ,  806   c  and  806   d.    
     In some examples, neighboring switching circuits may need to share connections to sense circuitry, as described above with reference to  FIGS.  7 B- 7 C .  FIG.  8 B  illustrates an exemplary switching circuit  806  configuration in which neighboring switching circuits can share connections to sense circuitry  808  according to examples of the disclosure. The configuration of  FIG.  8 B  can be substantially that of  FIG.  7 B . Specifically, switching circuit  806   a  can be coupled to touch node electrodes  802  in supercolumn  814   a  and part of supercolumn  814   b  of supernodes, switching circuit  806   b  can be coupled to touch node electrodes in part of supercolumn  814   b  and part of supercolumn  814   c  of supernodes, switching circuit  806   c  can be coupled to touch node electrodes in part of supercolumn  814   c  and part of supercolumn  814   d  of supernodes, and switching circuit  806   d  can be coupled to touch node electrodes in part of supercolumn  814   d  and supercolumn  814   e  of supernodes, as previously described with reference to  FIG.  7 B . Respective switching circuits  806  can be coupled to touch node electrodes  802  via  80  traces  804 , as described above with reference to  FIG.  7 B . Further, respective switching circuits  806  can be coupled to respective sense channels in sense circuitry  808  via sense traces  810 . In some examples, switching circuits  806  can share sense traces  810 . For example, switching circuit  806   a  can be coupled to four sense channels in sense circuitry  808  via four dedicated sense traces  810   a , and can also be coupled to another four sense channels in the sense circuitry via four shared traces  810   b  that can be shared with switching circuit  806   b . Switching circuit  806   b  can be coupled to four sense channels in sense circuitry  808  via shared traces  810   b , and can also be coupled to another four sense channels in the sense circuitry via four shared traces  810   c  that can be shared with switching circuit  806   c . Switching circuits  806   c  and  806   d  can be coupled to sense channels in sense circuitry  808  in manners analogous to those described with reference to switching circuits  806   a  and  806   b , above. 
     Switching circuits  806  can include interconnect lines  820  and  822   a ,  822   b ,  822   c  and  822   d  (referred to collectively as  822 ) that can facilitate the coupling of touch node traces  804  to respective ones of traces  810 . Focusing on switching circuit  806   a  (switching circuits  806   b ,  806   c  and  806   d  can be similarly structured), the switching circuit can include interconnect lines  820   a  and  822   a . Interconnect lines  820   a  can be coupled to respective ones of traces  810   a , while interconnect lines  822   a  can be coupled to respective ones of shared traces  810   b  that can be shared with switching circuit  806   b  and further coupled to interconnect lines  820   b  in switching circuit  806   b . Touch node traces  804   a  can then be selectively coupled to respective ones of interconnect lines  820   a  and  822   a  so as to couple touch node electrodes  802  with appropriate traces  810   a  and  810   b  (and thus with appropriate sense channels in sense circuitry  808 ) according to desired touch screen operation (e.g., according to any touch screen scan configuration, such as described with reference to  FIGS.  6 A- 6 D ). 
     In some examples, interconnect lines  820   a  and  822   a  can extend across substantially the entire width of switching circuit  806   a . Further, although illustrated as single lines, it is understood that interconnect lines  820   a  and  822   a  can each be comprised of multiple lines—specifically, a sufficient number of lines so as to allow for implementation of desired touch screen scan configurations. For example, the total number of lines in interconnect lines  820   a  and  822   a  can correspond to the maximum number of sense channels in sense circuitry  808  to which the touch node electrodes  802  to which switching circuit  806   a  is coupled will be coupled at a given moment in time. For example, with respect to the self-capacitance scan described with reference to  FIGS.  6 C- 6 D  and  FIG.  7 B , the maximum number of sense channels in sense circuitry  808  to which switching circuit  806   a &#39;s touch node electrodes  802  will be coupled at a given moment in time can be eight: one each for the four complete supernodes coupled to switching circuit  806   a , and one each for the four partial supernodes coupled to switching circuit  806   a . Therefore, interconnect lines  820   a  (and thus traces  810   a ) can be comprised of four lines, and interconnect lines  822   a  (and thus traces  810   b ) can be comprised of four lines, for a total of eight interconnect lines that extend across substantially the entire width of switching circuit  806   a . The preceding discussion can apply analogously to switching circuits  806   b ,  806   c  and  806   d.    
     With larger touch screens that include more touch node electrodes  802 , and with more complicated touch screen scan configurations, the number of such interconnect lines can be substantially more than those illustrated in  FIG.  8 B . For example,  FIG.  8 C  illustrates another exemplary switching circuit  806  configuration in which switching circuits have three sets of interconnect lines according to examples of the disclosure. The configuration of  FIG.  8 C  can be substantially that of  FIG.  7 C . Specifically, switching circuit  806   a  can be coupled to touch node electrodes  802  in supercolumns  814   a  and  814   b  and part of supercolumn  814   c  of supernodes, switching circuit  806   b  can be coupled to touch node electrodes in part of supercolumns  814   c  and  814   e  and supercolumn  814   d  of supernodes, switching circuit  806   c  can be coupled to touch node electrodes in part of supercolumns  814   e  and  814   g  and supercolumn  814   f  of supernodes, and switching circuit  806   d  can be coupled to touch node electrodes in part of supercolumn  814   g  and supercolumns  814   h  and  814   i  of supernodes, as previously described with reference to  FIG.  7 C . Respective switching circuits  806  can be coupled to touch node electrodes  802  via  144  traces  804 , as described above with reference to  FIG.  7 C . Further, respective switching circuits  806  can be coupled to respective sense channels in sense circuitry  808  via sense traces  810 . In some examples, switching circuits  806  can share sense traces  810 . For example, switching circuit  806   a  can be coupled to eight sense channels in sense circuitry  808  via eight dedicated sense traces  810   a  and  810   b , and can also be coupled to another four sense channels in the sense circuitry via four shared traces  810   c  that can be shared with switching circuit  806   b . Switching circuit  806   b  can be coupled to four sense channels in sense circuitry  808  via shared traces  810   c , four sense channels in the sense circuitry via four dedicated sense traces  810   d , and can also be coupled to another four sense channels in the sense circuitry via four shared traces  810   e  that can be shared with switching circuit  806   c . Switching circuits  806   c  and  806   d  can be coupled to sense channels in sense circuitry  808  in manners analogous to those described with reference to switching circuits  806   a  and  806   b , above. 
     Switching circuits  806  can include interconnect lines  820 ,  822  and  824   a ,  824   b ,  824   c  and  824   d  (referred to collectively as  824 ) that can facilitate the coupling of touch node traces  804  to respective ones of traces  810 . Focusing on switching circuit  806   a  (switching circuits  806   b ,  806   c  and  806   d  can be similarly structured), the switching circuit can include interconnect lines  820   a ,  822   a  and  824   a . Interconnect lines  820   a  can be coupled to respective ones of traces  810   a , interconnect lines  822   a  can be coupled to respective ones of traces  810   b , and interconnect lines  824   a  can be coupled to respective ones of shared traces  810   c  that can be shared with switching circuit  806   b  and further coupled to interconnect lines  824   b  in switching circuit  806   b . Touch node traces  804   a  can then be selectively coupled to respective ones of interconnect lines  820   a ,  822   a  and  824   a  so as to couple touch node electrodes  802  with appropriate traces  810   a ,  810   b  and  810   c  (and thus with appropriate sense channels in sense circuitry  808 ) according to desired touch screen operation (e.g., according to any touch screen scan configuration, such as described with reference to  FIGS.  6 A- 6 D ). 
     In some examples, interconnect lines  820   a ,  822   a  and  824   a  can extend across substantially the entire width of switching circuit  806   a . Further, although illustrated as single lines, it is understood that interconnect lines  820   a ,  822   a  and  824   a  can each be comprised of multiple lines—specifically, a sufficient number of lines so as to allow for implementation of desired touch screen scan configurations. For example, the total number of lines in interconnect lines  820   a ,  822   a  and  824   a  can correspond to the maximum number of sense channels in sense circuitry  808  to which the touch node electrodes  802  to which switching circuit  806   a  is coupled will be coupled at a given moment in time. For example, with respect to the self-capacitance scan described with reference to  FIGS.  6 C- 6 D  and  FIG.  7 C , the maximum number of sense channels in sense circuitry  808  to which switching circuit  806   a &#39;s touch node electrodes  802  will be coupled at a given moment in time can be twelve: one each for the eight complete supernodes coupled to switching circuit  806   a , and one each for the four partial supernodes coupled to switching circuit  806   a . Therefore, interconnect lines  820   a  (and thus traces  810   a ) can be comprised of four lines, interconnect lines  822   a  (and thus traces  810   b ) can be comprised of four lines, and interconnect lines  824   a  (and thus traces  810   c ) can be comprises of four lines, for a total of twelve interconnect lines that extend across substantially the entire width of switching circuit  806   a . The preceding discussion can apply analogously to switching circuits  806   b ,  806   c  and  806   d . As shown above, with larger touch screens that include more touch node electrodes  802 , and with more complicated touch screen scan configurations, the number of such interconnect lines can be substantially more than those illustrated in  FIG.  8 C . Thus, it can be beneficial to reduce the number of interconnect lines that extend across substantially the entire width of switching circuits  806  to reduce the size and complexity of the switching circuits, and to save cost in manufacturing the switching circuits. Further, in some examples, due to specifics of the touch screen scan configurations utilized by the touch screen of the disclosure, certain touch node electrodes  802  may not need to be coupled to certain traces  810  during any touch screen scan, and thus not all touch node electrodes  802  on the touch screen may need to have access to all of interconnect lines  820 ,  822  and  824 . Thus, interconnect lines  820 ,  822  and  824  need not extend across substantially the entirety of switching circuits  806 , as will be shown below. 
       FIG.  8 D  illustrates an exemplary switching circuit  806  configuration in which switching circuits have three sets of interconnect lines according to examples of the disclosure. The touch screen  800  configuration of  FIG.  8 D  can be substantially that of  FIGS.  8 C and  7 C . Specifically, switching circuit  806   a  can be coupled to touch node electrodes  802  in supercolumns  814   a  and  814   b  and part of supercolumn  814   c  of supernodes, switching circuit  806   b  can be coupled to touch node electrodes in part of supercolumns  814   c  and  814   e  and supercolumn  814   d  of supernodes, switching circuit  806   c  can be coupled to touch node electrodes in part of supercolumns  814   e  and  814   g  and supercolumn  814   f  of supernodes, and switching circuit  806   d  can be coupled to touch node electrodes in part of supercolumn  814   g  and supercolumns  814   h  and  814   i  of supernodes, as previously described with reference to  FIG.  7 C . Respective switching circuits  806  can be coupled to touch node electrodes  802  via  144  traces  804 , as described above with reference to  FIG.  7 C . Further, respective switching circuits  806  can be coupled to respective sense channels in sense circuitry  808  via sense traces  810 . In some examples, switching circuits  806  can share sense traces  810 . For example, switching circuit  806   a  can be coupled to eight sense channels in sense circuitry  808  via eight dedicated sense traces  810   a  and  810   b , and can also be coupled to another four sense channels in the sense circuitry via four shared traces  810   c  that can be shared with switching circuit  806   b . Switching circuit  806   b  can be coupled to four sense channels in sense circuitry  808  via shared traces  810   c , four sense channels in the sense circuitry via four dedicated sense traces  810   d , and can also be coupled to another four sense channels in the sense circuitry via four shared traces  810   e  that can be shared with switching circuit  806   c . Switching circuits  806   c  and  806   d  can be coupled to sense channels in sense circuitry  808  in manners analogous to those described with reference to switching circuits  806   a  and  806   b , above. 
     Switching circuits  806  can include interconnect lines  850   a ,  850   b ,  850   c  and  850   d  (referred to collectively as  850 ),  852   a ,  852   b ,  852   c  and  852   d  (referred to collectively as  852 ) and  854   a ,  854   b ,  854   c  and  854   d  (referred to collectively as  854 ) that can facilitate the coupling of touch node traces  804  to respective ones of traces  810 . Focusing on switching circuit  806   a  (the discussion that follows can similarly apply to switching circuits  806   b ,  806   c  and  806   d ), interconnect lines  850   a  can extend across a portion of switching circuit  806   a , and interconnect lines  854   a  can extend across a remaining portion of the switching circuit, as illustrated. In some examples, interconnect lines  850   a  and  854   a  can be horizontally aligned lines with a break between the two to form the resulting separate interconnect lines. Interconnect lines  852   a  can extend across substantially the entirety of switching circuit  806   a . Touch node traces  804   a  can couple switching circuit  806   a &#39;s touch node electrodes  802  to one or more of interconnect lines  850   a ,  852   a  and  854   a . Thus, the configuration of switching circuit  806   a  in  FIG.  8 D  can include the same number of separate interconnect lines (lines  850   a ,  852   a  and  854   a ) as the configuration of switching circuit  806   a  in  FIG.  8 C  (lines  820   a ,  822   a  and  824   a ). However, interconnect lines  850   a ,  852   a  and  854   a  in switching circuit  806   a  in  FIG.  8 D  can occupy the space of two interconnect lines extending across substantially the entirety of the switching circuit, whereas interconnect lines  820   a ,  822   a  and  824   a  in switching circuit  806   a  in  FIG.  8 C  can occupy the space of three interconnect lines extending across substantially the entirety of the switching circuit. Thus, the interconnect line configuration of  FIG.  8 D  can occupy approximately 33% less space in switching circuits  806  than the interconnect line configuration of  FIG.  8 C , while maintaining desired touch screen operation. Therefore the switching circuits can require less width and area, enabling thinner display border areas and reduced cost. 
     In some examples, all of traces  804   a  can have access to (i.e., can be coupled to) all of interconnect lines  850   a ,  852   a  and  854   a . In some examples, interconnect lines  850   a  may only have access to a first portion of traces  804   a  (e.g., because interconnect lines  850   a  may only extend across a portion of switching circuit  806   a ), interconnect lines  854   a  may only have access to a second portion of traces  804   a  (e.g., because interconnect lines  854   a  may only extend across a portion of switching circuit  806   a ), and interconnect lines  852   a  may have access to all of traces  804   a  (e.g., because interconnect lines  852   a  may extend across the entirety of switching circuit  806   a ). 
     In general, the number of switches in a given switching circuit (as described throughout this disclosure) can be optimized based on the number of full super columns and partial super columns the switching circuit supports. For example, two interconnect line segments (e.g., interconnect lines  850   b  and  854   b ), one for each partial super column, can be side by side in the switching circuit, while the remaining full super columns (if any) may require an interconnect line/matrix that extends substantially across the entire width of the switching circuit (e.g., interconnect lines  852   b ), as shown in the example of  FIG.  8 D . For self-capacitance scanning, the total number of interconnect lines/sense channels needed per partial or full super column can be Nsns_scol=Nnode_scol/Nsteps, where Nnode_scol is the number of nodes per super column, and Nsteps is the number of scan steps in the self-capacitance scan. The depth of the interconnect line/matrix segment (i.e., the number of interconnect lines per segment) can be Nsw=(Npartial/2+Nfull)*Nnode_scol, where Npartial is the number of partial super columns (e.g., generally 2) supported by a given switching circuit, and Nfull is the number of full super columns supported by the given switching circuit. 
     As described above with respect to  FIGS.  6 A- 6 D , in some examples, the touch screen of the disclosure may need to accommodate a variety of different touch screen scan configurations. Therefore, it can be beneficial for the touch screen, and in particular the switching circuits of the touch screen, to be sufficiently flexible to allow for a variety of touch screen scan configurations to be implemented on the touch screen.  FIGS.  9 - 11    illustrate various switching circuit configurations that allow for such flexibility. 
       FIG.  9 A  illustrates an exemplary memory-based switching circuit  906  configuration according to examples of the disclosure. Switching circuit  906  can correspond to any of the switching circuits described in this disclosure, including switching circuits  506  in  FIG.  5 B , switching circuits  706  in  FIGS.  7 A- 7 C  and/or switching circuits  806  in  FIGS.  8 A- 8 D . Switching circuits  906  can be coupled to sense circuitry  908  in a variety of ways, as will be described below. Switching circuit  906  can include pixel mux blocks (“PMBs”)  918   a - 918 N (referred to collectively as  918 ). Each PMB  918  can be coupled to a particular touch node electrode on the touch screen of the disclosure (not illustrated). For example, PMB  918   a  can be coupled to touch node electrode 1, PMB  918   b  can be coupled to touch node electrode 2, and PMB  918 N can be coupled to touch node electrode N. For the purposes of this disclosure, touch node electrodes can be numbered from top to bottom, then from left to right, on the touch screen, as illustrated in  FIG.  9 B , though it is understood that the particular touch node electrode numbering scheme used can be modified within the scope of this disclosure. Thus, moving from PMB  918   a  to PMB  918   b  (i.e., moving horizontally to the right across switching circuit  906 ) can correspond to moving from touch node electrode 1 to touch node electrode 2 (i.e., moving vertically downwards across the touch screen). It is understood that while  FIG.  9 B  illustrates a touch screen with  144  touch node electrodes, other touch screen configurations are also within the scope of the disclosure, including touch screens with  320  touch node electrodes (e.g., a five by four supernode touch screen having 20 columns of touch node electrodes, and 16 rows of touch node electrodes). There can be as many PMBs  918  in switching circuit  906  as there are touch node electrodes to which the switching circuit is coupled. For example, referring back to  FIG.  7 A , if switching circuit  906  corresponds to switching circuit  706   a , then switching circuit  906  can include 64 PMBs  918 , each PMB coupled to a respective one of the  64  touch node electrodes to which the switching circuit is coupled. The above-provided numbers are exemplary only, and it is understood that the switching circuit  906  architecture of  FIG.  9 A  can be adapted to operate with any number of touch node electrodes. Switching circuit  906  can also include various memories  912 ,  914  and  916  and interface  904 , all of which will be described in more detail later. 
     Sense circuitry  908  can be coupled to switching circuit  906  at lines  902   a - 902 M (referred to collectively as  902 ). Lines  902  can correspond to interconnect lines  820 ,  822 ,  830 ,  832 ,  840 ,  842 ,  844 ,  850 ,  852  and/or  854  in  FIGS.  8 A- 8 D , for example. Lines  902  can transmit any number of signals to and/or from sense circuitry  908 . For example, one or more of lines  902  can be coupled to particular sense channels in sense circuitry  908 , one or more of lines  902  can be coupled to a common voltage source at which to bias touch node electrodes during a display phase of the touch screen (e.g., a Vcom voltage source) in the sense circuitry, one or more of lines  902  can be coupled to a Vbias voltage source (e.g., as described with reference to  FIGS.  6 A- 6 D ) in the sense circuitry, and/or one or more of lines  902  can be coupled to a Vdrive voltage source (e.g., as described with reference to  FIGS.  6 A- 6 D ) in the sense circuitry. While three such lines—lines  902   a ,  902   b  and  902 M—are illustrated in  FIG.  9 A , fewer or more lines can be utilized in accordance with the examples of the disclosure. 
     PMBs  918  can include a number of switches (e.g., switches  922   a - 922 N (referred to collectively as  922 ),  924   a - 924 N (referred to collectively as  924 ) and  926   a - 926 N (referred to collectively as  926 )) equal to the number of lines  902  in switching circuit  906 . Using these switches  922 ,  924  and  926 , PMBs  918  can selectively couple their respective touch node electrodes to any one of lines  902 . For example, PMB  918   a  can couple touch node electrode 1—to which PMB  918   a  can be coupled—to line  902 M by closing switch  926   a  while leaving switches  922   a  and  924   a  open. In this way, touch node electrode 1 can be coupled to any signal that can exist on lines  902 , such as those discussed above. PMBs  918   b  through  918 N can similarly selective couple their respective touch node electrodes to any one of lines  902 , thereby providing significant flexibility in which signals can get coupled to which touch node electrodes via switching circuit  906 . In some examples, PMBs  918  can include fewer or more switches  922 ,  924 ,  926  than the number of lines  902  in switching circuit  906 , depending on the touch screen scan configurations to be implemented by the touch screen (e.g., as described with reference to  FIGS.  6 A- 6 D ). For example, a given PMB  918  (and thus a given touch node electrode) may not need to be coupled to a particular line  902 , because the touch screen scan configurations implemented on the touch screen may specify that the PMB&#39;s corresponding touch node electrode need not be so coupled. In such a circumstance, that given PMB  918  need not include a switch for coupling that PMB to that particular line  902 . Other examples in which the number of switches in the PMBs  918  is different from the number of lines  902  in switching circuit  906  are similarly contemplated. Control of switches  922 ,  924  and  926  can be provided by PMB logic  920   a - 920 N (referred to collectively as  920 ) that can be included in each PMB  918 . The details of this control will now be described. 
     In addition to being coupled to switching circuit  906  at lines  902 , sense circuitry  908  (e.g., a sensing application specific integrated circuit (ASIC)) can be coupled to bank ID line  910  and interface  904  in the switching circuit. Bank ID line  910  can be coupled to PMB logic  920 , and can be used, by sense circuitry  908 , to identify particular PMBs  918 /bank IDs of interest for use in various touch screen scan operations, as will be described in this disclosure. Interface  904  can be an interface (e.g., a serial peripheral interface (SPI)) that can allow for communication between sense circuitry  908  and switching circuit  906 . Interface  904  can be coupled to memories  912 ,  914  and  916 . Memories  912 ,  914  and  916  can store information relating to various touch screen scan configurations (e.g., touch screen scan configurations as discussed with respect to  FIGS.  6 A- 6 D ) that are to be implemented on the touch screen to which the switching circuit is coupled. Interface  904  can facilitate exchange of this touch screen scan information from sense circuitry  908  to memories  912 ,  914  and  916 , so that the sense circuitry can control the touch screen scan information stored on the memories. In some examples, sense circuitry  908  can update or change the touch screen scan information stored on memories  912 ,  914  and  916 , which can give the sense circuitry substantial flexibility in what touch screen scan configurations are to be implemented on the touch screen. For example, during a power-up of the touch screen (or at any time during touch screen operation), sense circuitry  908  can populate memories  912 ,  914  and  916  with touch screen scan information based on the touch screen scans to be implemented on the touch screen. The touch screen scan information stored on memories  912 ,  914  and  916  can be used by PMB logic  920  on PMBs  918  to control the states of switches  922 ,  924  and  926  in the PMBs. Thus, the touch screen scan information stored on memories  912 ,  914  and  916  can control the lines  902  to which touch node electrodes on the touch screen will be coupled via PMBs  918  during various touch screen scans. 
     In some examples, memories  912 ,  914  and  916  can be combined into a single memory or a different number of memories than as described here. However, for the purposes of the disclosure, switching circuit  906  can include three memories:  912 ,  914  and  916 , as illustrated. Each of memories  912 ,  914  and  916  can be coupled to PMB logic  920  in PMBs  918 . Memory  916  can be referred to as a “bank ID memory.” Bank ID memory  916  can include identification information (e.g., a “bank ID”) for each PMB  918  in switching circuit  906 ; this identification information can provide an identifier—not necessarily a unique identifier—for each PMB in the switching circuit. In some examples, the bank IDs assigned to each PMB  918  in bank ID memory  916  can correspond to the supernode configuration utilized during one or more touch screen scan configurations on the touch screen (e.g., the touch screen scan configurations as described with reference to  FIGS.  6 A- 6 D ). Specifically, every touch node electrode in a supernode, and thus those touch node electrodes&#39; corresponding PMBs  918 , can be assigned the same bank ID. For example, PMB  918   a  can be assigned a bank ID of 1, PMB  918   b  can also be assigned a bank ID of 1, and PMB  918 N can be assigned a bank ID of 16. The above numbers are exemplary only, and do not limit the scope of the disclosure relating to bank ID memory  916  storing identification information for each PMB  918  in switching circuit  906 . In this way, a bank ID can refer to a unique supernode on the touch screen, and can provide a simple way to identify all touch node electrodes included in a supernode on the touch screen. For example, referring back to  FIG.  7 A , all of the touch node electrodes  702  in supernode  703 , and thus the PMBs coupled to those touch node electrodes, can be assigned a bank ID of 1. In some examples, bank IDs can be numbered consecutively from top to bottom and from left to right on touch screen  700 . In such examples, supernode  703  can be assigned a bank ID of 1, as described above, the supernode below supernode  703  can be assigned a bank ID of 2, the supernode below that can be assigned a bank ID of 3, and the final supernode in that column of supernodes can be assigned a bank ID of 4. The top supernode in column  714  of supernodes can be assigned a bank ID of 5, and the assignments of bank IDs to supernodes can continue as described above. The bottom-right supernode on touch screen  700  can be assigned a bank ID of 16. In turn, the PMBs  918  in switching circuit  906  to which touch node electrodes in the above supernodes are coupled can be assigned the same bank ID as is assigned to their corresponding supernodes. Additional information about how bank IDs can be utilized by the touch screen will be provided later. 
     Memory  914  can be referred to as a “channel switch configuration memory.” Channel switch configuration memory  914  can include switch control information for switches  922 ,  924  and  926  in PMBs  918  for one or more scan types. For example, as discussed with reference to  FIGS.  6 A- 6 D , the touch screen of the disclosure can implement five scan types: a pen detection scan type, a pen row scan type, a pen column scan type, a mutual capacitance scan type and a self-capacitance scan type. Other scan types are also possible, and the scan types provided are provided by way of example only. Each of these scan types can require that different touch node electrodes on the touch screen be coupled to different signals/sense channels in sense circuitry  908 . For example, as illustrated in  FIGS.  6 A- 6 D , in the mutual capacitance scan type, in a collection of 2×2 touch node electrodes, one touch node electrode may be driven and sensed (and thus can be coupled to a sense channel in sense circuitry), one touch node electrode made be driven but not sensed (and thus can be coupled to driving circuitry), and the remaining two touch node electrodes may be biased at a reference voltage (and thus can be coupled to bias circuitry). Thus, channel switch configuration memory  914  can include switch control information corresponding to the mutual capacitance scan type for all of the PMBs  918  included in switch circuit  906 , such that PMB logic  920  on the PMBs can, based on the switch control information in the channel switch configuration memory, control switches  922 ,  924  and  926  to ensure that corresponding touch node electrodes are coupled to the appropriate signals/sense channels for implementing the mutual capacitance scan type. Channel switch configuration memory  914  can similarly include other switch control information for other scan types that are to be implemented on the touch screen of the disclosure, such as a pen detection scan type, a pen row scan type, a pen column scan type and a self-capacitance scan type. Thus, channel switch configuration memory  914  can define how touch node electrodes are mapped to sense channel(s) in sensing circuitry  908 . 
     Some scan types may include more than one scan step. For example, the self-capacitance scan type can include four self-capacitance scan steps, as illustrated in  FIGS.  6 A- 6 D . Each of these scan steps can require different PMB  918  switch configurations, because in each of these scan steps, touch node electrodes can be required to be coupled to different signals/sense channels in sense circuitry  908 . Memory  912  can be referred to as “scan step memory.” Scan step memory  912  can, similar to channel switch configuration memory  914 , include switch control information corresponding to the various scan steps to be implemented on the touch screen for all of the PMBs  918  included in switch circuit  906 , such that PMB logic  920  on the PMBs can, based on the switch control information in the scan step memory, control switches  922 ,  924  and  926  to ensure that corresponding touch node electrodes are coupled to the appropriate signals/sense channels for implementing the various scan steps. In particular, scan step memory  912  can indicate whether a given PMB  918  (and thus its corresponding touch node electrode) should be coupled to a collection of global signals (e.g., Vdrive, Vcom or Vbias) or a sense channel for a given scan step. If a PMB  918  is to be coupled to a sense channel, channel switch configuration memory  914  can specify which sense channel, as described above. For example, focusing on scan step 1 of the self-capacitance scan type illustrated in  FIG.  6 C , scan step memory  912  can include switch control information indicating that: the PMB  918  corresponding to the upper-left touch node electrode in configuration  658  should be coupled to a sense channel in sense circuitry  908  (and channel switch configuration memory  914  can indicate to which sense channel the touch node electrode should be coupled), the PMB corresponding to the lower-right touch node electrode in configuration  658  should be coupled to bias circuitry in the sense circuitry, and the PMBs corresponding to the upper-right and lower-left touch node electrodes in configuration  658  should be coupled to driving circuitry in sense circuitry  908 . Scan step memory  912  can also include switch control information for the remaining three scan steps of the self-capacitance scan type, and other scan steps that may be implemented by the touch screen of the disclosure (e.g., scan steps of the pen detection scan type). 
     Thus, bank ID memory  916 , channel switch configuration memory  914  and scan step memory  912 , together, can include all of the switch control information needed for PMBs  918  to properly implement all of the various touch screen scan configurations of the touch screen. During touch screen operation, sense circuitry  908  (e.g., sensing ASIC) can simply prompt switching circuit  906  to implement a particular scan type and/or scan step, and bank ID memory  916 , channel switch configuration memory  914  and scan step memory  912  can operate in conjunction with PMB logic  920  in PMBs  918  to effectuate the prompted scan type and/or scan step. 
     Display subsystem  948  (e.g., systems for controlling display functions of the touch screen) can be coupled to switching circuit  906  at BSYNC line  911 , which can be coupled to PMB logic  920  in PMBs  918 . Display subsystem  948  can assert BSYNC=HIGH and BSYNC=LOW to indicate whether the touch screen is in a touch mode or a display mode, which PMB logic  920  can utilize in making various determinations about the states of switches  922 ,  924  and  926 , as will be described later in more detail. 
       FIG.  9 C  illustrates an exemplary logical block diagram for a switching circuit  906  including PMB logic  920  (e.g., PMB logic  920   a ,  920   b ,  920 N) distributed across the switching circuit according to examples of the disclosure. Switching circuit  906  may contain a variety of registers  940 . Registers  940  can include a channel switch configuration register  942  to store a pointer into channel switch configuration memory  914  (described above), and a scan step configuration register  944  to store a pointer into scan step memory  912  (described above). A bank of registers  946  can be dedicated to store global bank IDs to identify PMBs  918  determined for pen row/column scanning after a pen detection scan, as previously described. Display subsystem  948  can furnish a B SYNC signal to switching circuit  906 , which can be used to determine how to configure the PMBs  918  during touch and display modes according to logic in PMB logic decoder  920 , as will be illustrated in  FIG.  9 D . In some examples, channel switch configuration register  942  and scan step configuration register  944  can be configured via settings stored in a bank of scan sequence registers  952  (e.g., one scan sequence register for each scan step). For example, at the beginning of a touch screen scan, scan step counter  954  can be reset, and touch sensing ASIC  908  can furnish a STEP_CLK to scan step counter  954  to advance the scan step counter, which can, in turn, cause retrieval of channel switch and scan step configurations from the scan sequence registers  952  in preparation for the next scan step. For example, advancing scan step counter  954  can provide an index/address to scan step address register  958 , which can store a pointer into scan step sequence registers  952  corresponding to the current scan being performed. Each successive scan step count from scan step counter  954  can cause the pointer to cycle to the next appropriate scan step sequence register  952  corresponding to the current scan step being performed. Channel switch configuration register  942  and scan step configuration register  944  can, then, be populated with the appropriate switch configuration information from scan step sequence registers  952  for the current scan step. Scan mode register  960  can store mode information (e.g., as described with reference to  FIG.  11 C ) to designate which of a self-capacitance, mutual capacitance, pen detection, pen row and pen column scans should be performed. Global switch enable register  962  can designate whether or not the switches in switching circuit  906  should be configured based on the switch configuration information in channel switch configuration register  942  and/or scan step configuration register  944 , and bank ID enable register can designate whether or not bank ID-based scanning for pen row and pen column scans should be performed. In an example switching circuit  906  configuration that uses shift registers to transfer switch configuration information from one PMB  918  to another, a PMB shift count register  956  can store the number of PMB s  918  by which to shift the above-described PMB configuration to other PMBs in switching circuit  906  (e.g., as described with reference to  FIG.  12   ). 
     An exemplary logic table for PMB logic decoder  920  illustrating its exemplary operation is shown below. In the table, PMB SENSE, PMB VDRIVE, PMB VB and PMB VC columns can correspond to output signals from PMB logic decoder  920 , while the remaining columns can correspond to input signals to the PMB logic decoder. PMB SENSE being high (H) can correspond to a command to configure a PMB&#39;s switches based on switch configuration provided from the channel switch configuration memory  914 . Similarly, PMB VDRIVE, PMB VB and PMB VC being high (H) can correspond to a command to close a PMB&#39;s Vdrive, Vbias and Vcom switches, respectively, to implement the various scans described in this disclosure. In the table, below, a low (L) BSYNC value can indicate a touch screen display mode, which can cause a PMB VC switch (e.g., one of switches  922 ,  924 ,  926  in  FIG.  9 A ) to be engaged to discharge corresponding touch node electrodes to a display voltage, VCOM, from the voltage levels maintained during the touch mode. A high (H) BSYNC value can, correspondingly, indicate a touch screen touch mode. The global channel switch enable bit (GLB_CH_SW_EN) can cause the PMB switches coupled to sense channels to be enabled according to the programmed channel switch configuration in channel switch configuration memory  914  and/or channel switch configuration register  942 . This feature can primarily be used in the touch screen pen detect mode. BANK_ID_EN can be asserted HIGH prior to sending the global BANK IDs to the switching chip, which can identify the BANK IDs in which pen row/column scans are to be performed. Setting BANK_ID_EN high can also cause matching PMBs (e.g., PMBs in which the programmed BANK_ID matches the provided global BANK ID) to enable their switches as programmed through the channel switch configuration memory, and can be used during pen row and/or column scans. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
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                 channel switch 
                 VDRIVE 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
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                 GLB_BANK_ID_GLB[5:0] 
                 GLB_CH_SW_EN 
                 BANK_ID_EN 
                 Config. 
                 BSYNC 
                 memory) 
                 Enable 
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                 2′B00 
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                 H 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
       FIG.  10 A  illustrates an exemplary first scan step of a self-capacitance scan type on touch screen  1000  according to examples of the disclosure. Touch screen  1000  can correspond to any of the touch screens described in this disclosure. It is understood that while  FIGS.  10 A,  10 B and  10 D  illustrate a touch screen  1000  with  144  touch node electrodes  1002  (e.g., touch node electrodes  1002   a - 1002   f ), other touch screen configurations are also within the scope of the disclosure, including touch screens with  320  touch node electrodes (e.g., a five by four supernode touch screen having 20 columns of touch node electrodes, and 16 rows of touch node electrodes, and coupled to four switching circuits  1006 , as described with reference to  FIG.  8 B ). The discussion below can apply analogously to such other touch screens. As described with reference to  FIGS.  6 A- 6 D , in some examples, touch screen  1000  can implement a self-capacitance scan type having four scan steps. In the first scan step, focusing on a 2×2 collection of touch node electrodes  1002 , a top-left touch node electrode can be driven and sensed, a bottom-right touch node electrode can be biased at a reference voltage, and top-right and bottom-left touch node electrodes can be driven but not sensed. Further, in some examples, touch screen  1000  can be scanned in portions rather than all at once, as illustrated in  FIG.  6 D . Thus, as illustrated in  FIG.  10 A , portion  1001  of touch screen  1000  can be scanned in the first scan step of the self-capacitance scan type, as described. Touch node electrodes  1002  labeled with sense channel numbers (e.g., S1, S2, S3, S4, etc.) can indicate touch node electrodes that are being driven and sensed, and the number can indicate by which sense channel in sense circuitry  1008  the touch node electrode is being driven and sensed. For example, touch node electrode  1002   a , which is labeled with “S1”, can be driven and sensed by a different sense channel in sense circuitry  1008  than touch node electrode  1002   b , which is labeled with “S2”. 
       FIG.  10 B  illustrates an exemplary second scan step of a self-capacitance scan type on touch screen  1000  according to examples of the disclosure. As described with reference to  FIGS.  6 A- 6 D , the second scan step of the self-capacitance scan type can result from a clockwise rotation of 2×2 groups of touch node electrodes  1002  in the first scan step of the self-capacitance scan type, as illustrated in  FIG.  10 B . 
     Because switching circuits  1006  (e.g., switching circuits  1006   a - 1006   c ) can have memory (e.g., memories  912 ,  914  and  916  in  FIG.  9 A ) that already includes the specific switch control information for implementing the first scan step of  FIG.  10 A  and the second scan step of  FIG.  10 B  on touch screen  1000 , sense circuitry  1008  need only prompt the switching circuits to implement the first and second scan steps—the switching circuits can then autonomously configure their respective PMBs (e.g., PMBs  918  in  FIG.  9 A ) to couple their respective touch node electrodes  1002  to the appropriate signals/sense channels in the sense circuitry. 
       FIG.  10 C  illustrates exemplary commands transmitted by sense circuitry  1008  to switching circuits  1006  for implementing the first and second scan steps of  FIGS.  10 A and  10 B  according to examples of the disclosure. In step  1030 , the display subsystem can assert BSYNC=HIGH to indicate touch mode operation, and to therefore pre-charge touch node electrodes from a display voltage level VCOM to a bias voltage for the upcoming touch screen scans (e.g., Vbias) by enabling switches coupled to Vbias in the PMBs. Next, sense circuitry  1008  can transmit to switching circuits  1006   a ,  1006   b  and  1006   c  command  1031 , which can include a pointer into channel switch configuration memory for selecting the appropriate channel switch configuration for a self-capacitance scan of touch screen  1000 . Specifically, command  1031  can indicate that the upcoming touch screen scan will have a self-capacitance scan type, as previously described. Following command  1031 , sense circuitry  1008  can transmit to switching circuits  1006   a ,  1006   b  and  1006   c  command  1032  indicating that the upcoming touch screen  1000  scan will be the first scan step of the self-capacitance scan type (e.g., as described with reference to  FIG.  10 A ). For example, command  1032  can include a pointer into scan step configuration memory for selecting the appropriate scan step configuration for the first scan step of the self-capacitance scan type. In response to command  1032 , switching circuits  1006  can configure their respective PMBs as described previously such that the touch node electrodes  1002  coupled to the switching circuits can be coupled to appropriate signals/sense channels in sense circuitry  1008  to implement the first scan step of the self-capacitance scan type. For example, referring back to  FIG.  10 A , in response to command  1032 , switching circuit  1006   a  can configure its respective PMB s such that touch node electrode  1002   a  is coupled to sense channel 1 in sense circuitry  1008  and touch node electrode  1002   b  is coupled to sense channel 2 in the sense circuitry, switching circuit  1006   b  can configure its respective PMBs such that touch node electrode  1002   c  is coupled to sense channel 5 in the sense circuitry and touch node electrode  1002   d  is coupled to sense channel 6 in the sense circuitry, and switching circuit  1006   c  can configure its respective PMB s such that touch node electrode  1002   e  is coupled to sense channel 9 in the sense circuitry and touch node electrode  1002   f  is coupled to sense channel 10 in the sense circuitry. Switching circuits  1006   a ,  1006   b  and  1006   c  can similarly configure their remaining PMBs such that the remaining touch node electrodes  1002  are coupled to appropriate signals/sense channels in sense circuitry  1008 , as illustrated in  FIG.  10 A . Sense circuitry  1008  can then perform the first scan step of the self-capacitance scan type in region  1001  of touch screen  1000  at step  1033 . 
     After sense circuitry  1008  has completed the first scan step of the self-capacitance scan type, it can transmit to switching circuits  1006   a ,  1006   b  and  1006   c  via respective interfaces (e.g., interface  904  in  FIG.  9 A ) command  1034  indicating that the upcoming touch screen  1000  scan will be the second scan step of the self-capacitance scan type (e.g., as described with reference to  FIG.  10 B ), similar to as described with reference to command  1032 . In response to command  1034 , switching circuits  1006  can configure their respective PMBs as described previously such that the touch node electrodes  1002  coupled to the switching circuits can be coupled to appropriate signals/sense channels in sense circuitry  1008  to implement the second scan step of the self-capacitance scan type, as illustrated in  FIG.  10 B . Sense circuitry  1008  can then perform the second scan step of the self-capacitance scan type in region  1001  of touch screen  1000  at step  1035 . Additional scan steps (e.g., the third and fourth scan steps) of the self-capacitance scan type can similarly be implemented, at step  1036 , with commands analogous to those discussed above. At  1037 , the display subsystem can assert BSYNC=LOW indicating the touch period is completed, and thus causing touch node electrodes to be discharged from the bias voltage used during the self-capacitance scans above to a common voltage (e.g., Vcom) used during display operation by enabling switches coupled to Vcom in the PMBs. The touch integration time (e.g., the touch scan time) can be adjusted so as to ensure that the touch scan(s) complete before the BSYNC=LOW assertion. In this way, sense circuitry  1008  can implement a variety of touch screen scans—including relatively complex scans—by issuing simple commands to switching circuits  1006 , and communication overhead between the sense circuitry and the switching circuits can be relatively low. 
     As another example,  FIG.  10 D  illustrates an exemplary pen row scan type performed in supernode  1012  of touch screen  1000  according to examples of the disclosure. As described with references to  FIGS.  6 A- 6 D , in some examples, touch screen  1000  can implement a pen row scan type in response to detecting the presence of a pen or stylus on the touch screen during a pen detection scan. For example, as described previously, if a pen or stylus is detected in supernode  1010  on touch screen  1000 , pen row and pen column scans can be initiated in the supernode in which the pen or stylus was detected (e.g., supernode  1010 ), as well as the supernodes surrounding the supernode in which the pen or stylus was detected (e.g., supernodes  1012 ,  1014 ,  1016 ,  1018 ,  1020 ,  1022 ,  1024  and  1026 ). The process by which such pen row and pen column scans can be performed in one supernode can be substantially the same as the process by which such pen row and pen column scans can be performed in another supernode—thus, the discussion that follows will focus on a pen row scan performed in supernode  1012 , understanding that the process can similarly apply to performing pen row scans in other supernodes, as well as pen column scans in supernode  1012  or other supernodes. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  10 D , a pen row scan can be performed in supernode  1012 . Touch node electrodes  1002  labeled with sense channel numbers (e.g., S1, S2, S3) can indicate touch node electrodes that are being sensed, and the number can indicate by which sense channel in sense circuitry  1008  the touch node electrode is being sensed. For example, the top row of touch node electrodes  1002  in supernode  1012  can be coupled to sense channel 1 in sense circuitry  1008 , the middle row of touch node electrodes in supernode  1012  can be coupled to sense channel 2 in the sense circuitry, and the bottom row of touch node electrodes in supernode  1012  can be coupled to sense channel 3 in the sense circuitry. It is understood that the precise numbering of sense channels provided is exemplary only, and does not limit the scope of the disclosure. Switching circuits  1006  can configure their respective PMBs (e.g., PMBs  918  in  FIG.  9 A ) to couple their respective touch node electrodes  1002  to the appropriate signals/sense channels in sense circuitry  1008  in order to implement the pen row scan illustrated, as well as other pen-related scans on the touch screen, as will be described below. 
       FIG.  10 E  illustrates exemplary commands transmitted by sense circuitry  1008  to switching circuits  1006  for implementing pen scans according to examples of the disclosure. In step  1040 , the display subsystem can assert BSYNC=HIGH to indicate touch mode, and to therefore pre-charge touch node electrodes from a display voltage VCOM to a bias voltage for the upcoming touch screen scans (e.g., Vbias) by enabling switches coupled to Vbias in the PMBs. Next, sense circuitry  1008  can transmit to switching circuits  1006   a ,  1006   b  and  1006   c  command  1041 , which can include a pointer into channel switch configuration memory for selecting the appropriate channel switch configuration for pen detection scans. Specifically, command  1041  can specify that the upcoming touch screen scan will be a pen detection scan, as previously described. Next, sense circuitry  1008  can perform the pen detection scan at step  1042 . At  1043 , sense circuitry  1008  can identify addresses of supernodes at and around the touch screen location at which pen activity was detected, and can map those supernodes to corresponding bank IDs, as previously described. At  1044 , sense circuitry  1008  can set the BANK_ID mode bit (to enable BANK ID-based touch scan operation) and the relevant BANK_IDs in the switching circuits to enable the bank latches of the relevant PMBs (i.e., the PMBs in which pen row and pen column scans are to be performed). At  1045 , sense circuitry  1008  can transmit to switching circuits  1006   a ,  1006   b  and  1006   c  command  1045 , which can include a pointer into channel switch configuration memory for selecting the appropriate channel switch configuration for a pen column scan to be performed in supernodes having the bank IDs determined at  1043 . In response, switching circuits  1006  can configure their respective PMBs as described previously such that the touch node electrodes  1002  coupled to the switching circuits can be coupled to appropriate signals/sense channels in sense circuitry  1008  to implement the pen column scan type in the supernodes having the relevant bank IDs, as described with reference to  FIG.  6 B . At  1046 , sense circuitry  1008  can perform the pen column scans. After performing the pen column scans, sense circuitry  1008  can transmit to switching circuits  1006   a ,  1006   b  and  1006   c  command  1047 , which can include a pointer into channel switch configuration memory for selecting the appropriate channel switch configuration for a pen row scan to be performed in supernodes having the bank IDs determined at  1043 . In response, switching circuits  1006  can configure their respective PMBs as described previously such that the touch node electrodes  1002  coupled to the switching circuits can be coupled to appropriate signals/sense channels in sense circuitry  1008  to implement the pen row scan type in the supernodes having the relevant bank IDs, as described with reference to  FIG.  6 B . At  1048 , sense circuitry  1008  can perform the pen row scans. After performing the pen row scans, the display subsystem can assert BSYNC=LOW indicating the touch period is completed, and thus causing touch node electrodes to be discharged from the bias voltage used during the pen detection/column/row scans above to a common voltage (e.g., Vcom) used during display operation by enabling switches coupled to Vcom in the PMBs. The pen integration time (e.g., the pen scan time) can be adjusted so as to ensure that the pen scan(s) complete before the BSYNC=LOW assertion. 
     The switching circuit control and configuration schemes discussed above can be used to implement any number of touch screen scans in addition to those illustrated in  FIGS.  10 A- 10 E .  FIG.  10 F  illustrates exemplary switching circuit command combinations  1070  that can be utilized to implement the touch screen scans discussed with reference to  FIGS.  6 A- 6 D  according to examples of the disclosure. Five scan types can be supported by the switching circuits of the disclosure, though other scan types can similarly be supported. A first scan type can be a mutual capacitance scan type  1072 . The mutual capacitance scan type  1072  can be implemented with a single command indicating the mutual capacitance scan type is to be performed. No scan step or bank ID commands need be transmitted by the sense circuitry to the switching circuits for the mutual capacitance scan type  1072 . 
     A second scan type can be a self-capacitance scan type  1074 . The self-capacitance scan type  1074  can be associated with a number of scan steps—in some examples, 16 scan steps (e.g., four scan steps per bank, with, in some examples, four banks). Thus, the self-capacitance scan type  1074  can be implemented with a command indicating the self-capacitance scan type is to be performed, followed by one or more commands indicating respective scan steps of the self-capacitance scan type to be performed. No bank ID command need be transmitted by the sense circuitry to the switching circuits for the self-capacitance scan type  1074 . In some examples, a bank ID command could be used to specify that self-capacitance scans should only be performed in the bank IDs specified in the bank ID command, such as those bank IDs in which (or in proximity to which) touch is detected on the touch sensor panel/touch screen. 
     A third scan type can be a pen detection scan type  1076 . The pen detection scan type  1076  can be associated with a number of scan steps—in some examples, two scan steps. Thus, the pen detection scan type  1076  can be implemented with a command indicating the pen detection scan type is to be performed, followed by one or more commands indicating respective scan steps of the pen detection scan type to be performed. No bank ID command need be transmitted by the sense circuitry to the switching circuits for the pen detection scan type  1076 . 
     A fourth scan type can be a pen row scan type  1078 . The pen row scan type can be performed in any of a number of bank IDs. Thus, the pen row scan type  1078  can be implemented with a command indicating the pen row scan type is to be performed, followed by one or more commands indicating respective bank IDs in which the pen row scan is to be performed. No scan step command need be transmitted by the sense circuitry to the switching circuits for the pen row scan type  1078 . 
     A fifth scan type can be a pen column scan type  1080 . The pen column scan type can be performed in any of a number of bank IDs. Thus, the pen column scan type  1080  can be implemented with a command indicating the pen column scan type is to be performed, followed by one or more commands indicating respective bank IDs in which the pen column scan is to be performed. No scan step command need be transmitted by the sense circuitry to the switching circuits for the pen column scan type  1080 . 
     In some examples, rather than the PMBs in the switching circuits of the disclosure including switches corresponding to sense channels to be utilized during the various touch screen scans of the touch screen (e.g., as described with reference to  FIG.  9 A ), the PMBs can include switches that correspond instead to scan types to be implemented during the various touch screen scans of the touch screen.  FIG.  11 A  illustrates an exemplary switching circuit  1106  configuration in which PMBs  1118   a - 1118 N (referred to collectively as  1118 ) include switches that correspond to scan types according to examples of the disclosure. Switching circuit  1106  can correspond to any of the switching circuits described in this disclosure, including switching circuit  506  in  FIG.  5 B , switching circuits  706  in  FIGS.  7 A- 7 C  and/or switching circuits  806  in  FIGS.  8 A- 8 D . 
     Switching circuit  1106  can include pixel mux blocks (“PMBs”)  1118 . Each PMB can be coupled to a particular touch node electrode on the touch screen of the disclosure (not illustrated). For example, PMB  1118   a  can be coupled to touch node electrode 1, PMB  1118   b  can be coupled to touch node electrode 2, and PMB  1118 N can be coupled to touch node electrode N. For the purposes of this disclosure, touch node electrodes can be numbered from top to bottom, then from left to right, on the touch screen, as illustrated in  FIG.  9 B , though it is understood that the particular numbering scheme used can be modified within the scope of this disclosure. Thus, moving from PMB  1118   a  to PMB  1118   b  (i.e., moving horizontally to the right across switching circuit  1106 ) can correspond to moving from touch node electrode 1 to touch node electrode 2 (i.e., moving vertically downwards across the touch screen). There can be as many PMBs  1118  in switching circuit  1106  as there are touch node electrodes to which the switching circuit is coupled. Further, each PMB  1118  can be assigned a bank ID in association with supernode-identification on the touch screen, similar to as described with reference to  FIG.  9 A . These bank IDs can be stored or hardcoded in each PMB  1118  itself (not illustrated). 
     Sense circuitry  1108  can be coupled to switching circuit  1106  at lines  1102 . Each of lines  1102  can be coupled to a respective one of lines  1142   a - 1142 N (referred to collectively as  1142 ) and  1144   a - 1144   c  (referred to collectively as  1144 ) in interconnect matrix  1140 . Lines  1142  and  1144  can correspond to interconnect lines  820 ,  822 ,  830 ,  832 ,  840 ,  842 ,  844 ,  850 ,  852  and/or  854  in  FIGS.  8 A- 8 D , for example. Lines  1142  and  1144  can carry any number of signals to and/or from sense circuitry  1108 . For example, lines  1142  can be coupled to particular sense channels in sense circuitry  1108 . Three such lines are illustrated in  FIG.  11 A —line  1142   a , which can be coupled to sense channel 1; line  1142   b , which can be coupled to sense channel 2; and line  1142 N, which can be coupled to sense channel N—though it is understood that a different number of lines may be utilized. Lines  1144  can be coupled to a common voltage source (e.g., a Vcom voltage source) in sense circuitry  1108 , a Vbias voltage source (e.g., as described with reference to  FIGS.  6 A- 6 D ) in the sense circuitry, and/or a Vdrive voltage source (e.g., as described with reference to  FIGS.  6 A- 6 D ) in the sense circuitry. For example, line  1144   a  can be coupled to a Vdrive voltage source in the sense circuitry, line  1144   b  can be coupled to a Vbias voltage source in the sense circuitry, and line  1144   c  can be coupled to a Vcom voltage source in the sense circuitry. Together, lines  1142  and  1144  can form an interconnect matrix  1140  via which PMBs  1118  can get access to (i.e., be coupled to) sense channels or signals in sense circuitry  1108 . 
     PMBs  1118  can include a number of switches (e.g., switches  1122   a - 1122   g , referred to collectively as  1122 , in PMB  1118   a ). One end of switches  1122  can be coupled to the touch node electrode to which the PMB  1118  is coupled. The other ends of switches  122  can be coupled to lines that can be coupled to respective ones of lines  1142  and  1144 . As stated previously, some of switches  1122  can correspond to scan types to be implemented on the touch screen, and others of the switches can correspond to signals to be utilized during the various touch screen scans of the touch screen. For example, switches  1122   e ,  1122   f  and  1122   g  can correspond to signals on lines  1144  (e.g., Vcom, Vbias and Vdrive signals). Specifically, switch  1122   e  can be coupled to a line that is coupled to line  1144   a , switch  1122   f  can be coupled to a line that is coupled to line  1144   c , and switch  1122   g  can be coupled to a line that is coupled to line  1144   b . Thus, if switch  1122   e  is closed, touch node electrode 1 can be coupled to line  1144   a , and thus to a Vdrive signal. Similarly, if switch  1122   f  is closed, touch node electrode 1 can be coupled to line  1144   c , and thus to a Vcom signal. Finally, if switch  1122   g  is closed, touch node electrode 1 can be coupled to line  1144   b , and thus to a Vbias signal. The configuration of switches corresponding to switches  1122   e ,  1122   f  and  1122   g  in other PMBs (e.g., PMBs  1118   b  through  1118 N) can be the same as that of switches  1122   e ,  1122   f  and  1122   g  in PMB  1118   a . Thus, switches  1122   e ,  1122   f  and  1122   g  can be referred to as “global signal switches.” 
     The remaining switches in PMB  1118   a  (e.g., switches  1122   a ,  1122   b ,  1122   c  and  1122   d ) can be scan type dependent switches, and can be referred to as “scan type switches.” Specifically, the configuration of the lines to which switches  1122   a ,  1122   b ,  1122   c  and  1122   d  are coupled can depend on the touch screen scans that are to be implemented on the touch screen with which switching circuit  1106  is utilized, and the particular configuration that a respective touch node electrode that is coupled to PMB  1118   a  will have during those touch screen scans. For example, switch  1122   a  can be a pen row scan switch that can be closed when the touch node electrode to which PMB  1118   a  is coupled (e.g., touch node electrode 1) is to be utilized in a pen row scan. During a pen row scan, touch node electrode 1 can be coupled to sense channel 1 in sense circuitry  1108 , as illustrated in  FIG.  6 B . Thus, the line in interconnect matrix  1140  to which switch  1122   a  is coupled can be line  1142   a , which, as described previously, can be coupled to sense channel 1 in sense circuitry  1108 . In other words, the pen row scan configuration of PMB  1118   a  (and thus touch node electrode 1) can be hardcoded in interconnect matrix  1140 . In this way, to implement a pen row scan that includes touch node electrode 1, pen row scan switch  1122   a  in PMB  1118   a  need only be closed, and touch node electrode 1 can have the proper configuration for performing a pen row scan. Sense circuitry  1108  can then perform a pen row scan including touch node electrode 1. 
     In manners similar to above, switch  1122   b  can be a pen column scan switch that can be closed when the touch node electrode to which PMB  1118   a  is coupled (e.g., touch node electrode 1) is to be utilized in a pen column scan, switch  1122   c  can be a pen detect scan switch that can be closed when the touch node electrode to which PMB  1118   a  is coupled is to be utilized in a pen detection scan, and switch  1122   d  can be a drive/sense switch that can be closed when the touch node electrode to which PMB  1118   a  is coupled is to be utilized in a drive and/or sense scan (e.g., in a scan in which the touch node electrode is to be driven and sensed to detect the self-capacitance of the touch node electrode, or simply sensed to detect a mutual capacitance of the touch node electrode with respect to another electrode). As above, the lines in interconnect matrix  1140  to which switches  1122   b ,  1122   c  and  1122   d  are coupled can be hardcoded based on the various configurations that touch node electrode 1 is to have during the various scan types with which the switches correspond. For example, pen column scan switch  1122   b  can be coupled to line  1142   a  in interconnect matrix  1140 , because during a pen column scan of the supernode in which touch node electrode 1 is included, touch node electrode 1 can be coupled to sense channel 1 in sense circuitry  1108 , as illustrated in  FIG.  6 B . Pen detect scan switch  1122   c  can also be coupled to line  1142   a  in interconnect matrix  1140 , because during a pen detection scan of the supernode in which touch node electrode 1 is included, touch node electrode 1 can be coupled to sense channel 1 in sense circuitry  1108 , as illustrated in  FIG.  6 B . Finally, drive/sense switch  1122   d  can be coupled to line  1142   a  in interconnect matrix  1140 , because during a self-capacitance or mutual capacitance scan of the touch screen, touch node electrode 1 can be coupled to sense channel 1 in sense circuitry  1108  (e.g., as illustrated in  FIGS.  6 B and  10 A ). Thus, switches  1122  in PMB  1118   a , and the lines  1142  or  1144  in interconnect matrix  1140  to which the switches are coupled, can facilitate the proper configuration of touch node electrode 1 in the scans that are to be implemented on the touch screen of the disclosure. 
     Switches  1124   a - 1124   g  (referred to collectively as  1124 ) in PMB  1118   b , and the lines  1142  or  1144  in interconnect matrix  1140  to which the switches are coupled, can similarly be configured to facilitate the proper configuration of the touch node electrode to which the PMB is coupled (e.g., touch node electrode 2) in the scans that are to be implemented on the touch screen of the disclosure. In the example illustrated in  FIG.  11 A , switches  1124  can be configured in the same way as switches  1122 , except that pen row switch  1124   a  can be coupled to line  1142   b  in interconnect matrix  1140 , and thus can be coupled to sense channel 2 in sense circuitry  1108 . In other words, touch node electrode 2 can be coupled to the same sense channels or signals as touch node electrode 1 during touch screen scans that are to be performed on touch node electrode 2, except for during a pen row scan in which touch node electrode 2 can be coupled to sense channel 2 instead of sense channel 1. The switches on remaining PMBs  1118  can analogously be configured to facilitate proper configuration of the touch node electrodes to which the PMBs are coupled during the various scans to be implemented on the touch screen of the disclosure. 
     Similar to as described above with reference to  FIG.  9 A , sense circuitry  1108  can transmit touch screen scan information to switching circuit  1106  via interface  1104 . Interface  1104  can be any interface (e.g., a serial peripheral interface (SPI)) that can allow for communication between sense circuitry  1108  and switching circuit  1106 . The touch screen scan information transmitted by sense circuitry  1108  to switching circuit  1106  can be used by interface  1104  and/or PMB logic  1120   a - 1120 N (referred to collectively as  1120 ) to control the states of the switches on the PMBs  1118  (e.g., switches  1122 ,  1124 ), and thus to configure the touch screen to implement the desired touch screen scan. Any appropriate command or control signal structure can be utilized for communication between sense circuitry  1108  and interface  1104 , and any appropriate logic can be utilized in interface  1104  and/or PMB logic  1120  to facilitate proper control of switches  1122 ,  1124  in PMBs  1118 . In some examples, the command structure for controlling switching circuit  1106  in  FIG.  11 A  can be similar to the command structure for controlling switching circuit  906  in  FIG.  9 A , as previously described. In some examples, each PMB  1118  can contain two shift registers and two shadow registers, represented by  1121  (e.g.,  1121 A,  1121 B and  1121 N in  FIG.  11 A ). The shift registers  1121  of the PMBs  1118  can be connected together to form a long shift register, as illustrated in  FIG.  11 A , the contents of which can be used to control the states of switches in the PMBs. Specifically, shift register  1121 A can be connected to shift register  1121 B, which can be connected to shift registers in other PMBs  1118  through to PMB  1118 N. A transfer to interface  1104  can be framed by a low chip select signal assertion, and can load the PMB shift register  1121 . At a rising edge of the chip select, the shift register  1121  contents can be loaded into a shadow register in the PMBs  1118 , which can contain the mode bits shown in column  1156  illustrated in  FIG.  11 C . Such operation can allow the shadow registers to retain the PMB state while loading the shift registers  1121  with new data via the interface  1104  (e.g., providing for pipelined operation). 
       FIG.  11 B  illustrates an exemplary logic structure for interface  1104  and PMB logic  1120  for implementing pen row and pen column scans on the touch screen according to examples of the disclosure. In this example, sensing circuitry  1108  can provide various control signals to switching circuit  1106  to control its operation—namely, a mode signal  1181 , a bank ID signal  1183  and a chip select signal  1185 . The mode signal  1181  can be a two bit number, and can specify whether the touch screen scan to be implemented is a pen row scan or a pen column scan. A mode signal  1181  of “10” can indicate a pen row scan, and a mode signal of “11” can indicate a pen column scan, for example. The bank ID signal  1183  can indicate the bank ID of the supernode in which the pen row or pen column scan is to be implemented. The chip select signal  1185  can be utilized by PMB logic  1120  for timing purposes, as mentioned above, and as will be described below. 
     In interface  1104 , comparator  1180  can compare the mode signal  1181  with “10” or “11” (corresponding to a pen row or pen column scan, as discussed above). If the mode signal  1181  is “10” or “11”, comparator  1180  can enable shift register  1182 , which can take the bank ID indicated by the bank ID signal  1183  as its value (i.e., the value of the bank ID signal  1183  can be loaded onto the shift register). In PMB logic  1120 , comparator  1184  can, similar to comparator  1180 , compare the mode signal  1181  with “10” or “11”. If the mode signal  1181  is “10” or “11”, comparator  1184  can transmit to bank flop  1188  the switch control information for the switches in the PMB (e.g., switches  1122  or  1124 ). In parallel, comparator  1186  can compare the bank ID stored by shift register  1182  with the bank ID of the PMB in which PMB logic  1120  is included (e.g., PMB  1118   a ). If the bank ID stored by shift register  1182  matches the bank ID of the PMB in which PMB logic  1120  is included, then comparator  1186  can output a positive (or high) signal to “and” logic  1190 . When the chip select signal  1185  is also positive (or high), “and” logic  1190  can output a positive (or high) signal to bank flop  1188 , which, in response, can output the switch control information to the switches in the PMB (e.g., switches  1122  or  1124 ). The switches in the PMB (e.g., switches  1122  or  1124 ) can then be configured based on the switch control information in order to implement the pen row or pen column scan instructed by the sense circuitry. 
       FIG.  11 B  illustrates an exemplary logic structure for implementing pen row and pen column scans on the touch screen. It is understood that other logic can be included in interface  1104  and/or PMB logic  1120  for implementing other scan configurations on the touch screen (e.g., scan configurations as described with reference to  FIGS.  6 A- 6 D ).  FIG.  11 C  illustrates exemplary states of switches in PMBs  1118  in correspondence to various control signals received by switching circuit  1106  from sense circuitry  1108  according to examples of the disclosure. The exemplary states of switches in PMBs  1118  illustrated in  FIG.  11 C  can result from appropriate logic operating on various control signals received from sense circuitry  1108 —this logic can be included in interface  1104  and/or PMB logic  1120 . 
     Sense circuitry  1108  can transmit four signals to switching circuit  1106 : a Vcom enable signal  1150 , a Vbias enable signal  1152 , a bank ID signal  1154  (e.g., via a SPI) and a 2 bit mode signal  1156 . Bank ID signal  1154  in  FIG.  11 C  can correspond to bank ID signal  1183  in  FIG.  11 B , and mode signal  1156  in  FIG.  11 C  can correspond to mode signal  1181  in  FIG.  11 B . Bank_latch signal  1158  can be generated internally in switching circuit  1106  when the bank ID signal  1154  matches the programmed bank ID for a given PMB. When Vcom enable signal  1150  is high, the switch enable state of the Vcom switch (e.g., switch  1122   f  in  FIG.  11 A ) can be high—thus the Vcom switch can be closed—regardless of the values of the other control signals. 
     When Vcom enable signal  1150  is low, and Vbias enable signal  1152  is high, the switch enable state of the Vbias switch (e.g., switch  1122   g  in  FIG.  11 A ) can be high—thus the Vbias switch can be closed—regardless of the values of the other control signals. 
     A mode signal  1156  of “00” can signify a self-capacitance or mutual capacitance scan configuration. When Vcom enable signal  1150  and Vbias enable signal  1152  are low, and mode signal  1156  is “00”, the switch enable states of the drive/sense switch (e.g., switch  1122   d  in  FIG.  11 A ), the Vdrive switch (e.g., switch  1122   e  in  FIG.  11 A ) and the Vbias switch (e.g., switch  1122   g  in  FIG.  11 A ) can be high or low depending on whether the self-capacitance or mutual capacitance scan is being implemented, and if self-capacitance, which step of the self-capacitance scan is being implemented. The details of exemplary self-capacitance and mutual capacitance scans were described with reference to  FIGS.  6 A- 6 D . 
     A mode signal  1156  of “01” can signify a pen detection scan configuration. When Vcom enable signal  1150  and Vbias enable signal  1152  are low, and mode signal  1156  is “01”, the switch enable state of the pen detect switch (e.g., switch  1122   c  in  FIG.  11 A ) can be high—thus the pen detect switch can be closed—regardless of the values of the other control signals. 
     A mode signal  1156  of “10” can signify a pen row scan configuration. When Vcom enable signal  1150  and Vbias enable signal  1152  are low, mode signal  1156  is “10”, and bank ID signal  1154  matches the bank ID of the relevant PMB, the switch enable state of the pen row switch in that PMB (e.g., switch  1122   a  in  FIG.  11 A ) can be high—thus the pen row switch can be closed. Further, the bank_latch signal  1158  can be high for those PMBs in which pen row scans are to be performed, and low for others. 
     Finally, a mode signal  1156  of “11” can signify a pen column scan configuration. When Vcom enable signal  1150  and Vbias enable signal  1152  are low, mode signal  1156  is “11”, and bank ID signal  1154  matches the bank ID of the relevant PMB, the switch enable state of the pen column switch in that PMB (e.g., switch  1122   b  in  FIG.  11 A ) can be high—thus the pen column switch can be closed. Further, the bank_latch signal  1158  can be high for those PMBs in which pen column scans are to be performed, and low for others. 
     The relationships described above between various control signals and various switch enable states of PMB switches are exemplary only, and do not limit the scope of the disclosure. 
     In some examples, the configurations of touch node electrodes (and thus the configurations of the PMBs to which the touch node electrodes are coupled) in one scan period or step can mirror the configurations of other touch node electrodes in another scan period or step. For example,  FIG.  12 A  illustrates an exemplary first scan step of a self-capacitance scan type performed in region  1204  of touch screen  1200  during a first time period according to examples of the disclosure. The configuration of touch node electrodes  1202  in region  1204  of touch screen  1200  can be similar to as described with reference to  FIG.  10 A . 
       FIG.  12 B  illustrates an exemplary first scan step of a self-capacitance scan type performed in region  1206  of touch screen  1200  during a second time period according to examples of the disclosure. As is evident from  FIGS.  12 A and  12 B , the configuration of touch node electrodes  1202  in region  1206  of touch screen  1200  in  FIG.  12 B  mirrors the configuration of the touch node electrodes in region  1204  of the touch screen in  FIG.  12 A . Therefore, in some examples, instead of requiring the sense circuitry to transmit touch screen scan information to switching circuits during the first time period (e.g., illustrated in  FIG.  12 A ) and during the second time period (e.g., as illustrated in  FIG.  12 B ), sense circuitry can transmit the touch screen scan information once during the first time period, and the resulting switch configuration information of the switches in the PMBs corresponding to the touch node electrodes  1202  in region  1204  can be shifted down to region  1206  of touch screen  1200  during the second time period. PMBs corresponding to the touch node electrodes  1202  in region  1206  can then utilize that switch control information that was shifted down to configure their own switches. Thus, sense circuitry can be required to transmit less information to the switching circuits than it otherwise may have, and communication overhead between the sense circuitry and the switching circuits can be reduced. 
     In some examples, the above-described shifting of switch control information can be performed by shifting the switch control information from one set of PMBs to another set of PMBs.  FIG.  12 C  illustrates exemplary shifting of switch control information from one PMB  1218  to another PMB according to examples of the disclosure. PMBs  1218   a - 1218 N (referred to collectively as  1218 ) can be coupled to touch node electrodes  1202   a - 1202 N (referred to collectively as  1202 ), as previously described. At time t0, the switches in PMB  1218   a  can be configured to be in a particular state (e.g., state “A”). Thus, touch node electrode  1202   a , to which PMB  1218   a  can be coupled, can be said to be configured to be in state A. State A is provided for ease of description, but it is understood that state A can correspond to any configuration of a touch node electrode  1202  as described in this disclosure, such as a touch node electrode being coupled to a particular sense channel in sense circuitry. 
     The configuration of touch node electrode  1202   a  can be shifted down to touch node electrode  1202   b  by shifting the configuration of PMB  1218   a  to PMB  1218   b . In some examples, PMB  1218   a  can itself shift its configuration over to PMB  1218   b . In some examples, PMB  1218   a  can shift its configuration over to PMB  1218   b  in response to a particular “shift” command received from sense circuitry. If PMB  1218   a  were to shift its configuration over to PMB  1218   b , at time t1, touch node electrode  1202   b  would be configured to be in state A. This type of shifting of state configuration can continue through touch node electrode  1202 N and PMB  1218 N, as illustrated at time tN. In this way, the configurations of touch node electrodes  1202  and PMB s  1218  can be shifted from one touch node electrode or PMB to another, rather than those configurations needing to be provided from sense circuitry in each instance. In some examples, configuration information can be shifted by more than one PMB at a time, though single-PMB shifts are provided for ease of description. Referring back to  FIGS.  12 A and  12 B , the touch node electrode  1202  configurations in region  1204  of touch screen  1200  can be shifted down in the manner described above to region  1206  of the touch screen by shifting the configuration of each touch node electrode down by four touch node electrodes on the touch screen. In some examples, this shift can correspond to shifting the configuration information of PMBs to the right by four PMBs. Such shifting of configuration information can be performed using shift registers that can be included in the PMBs, as discussed with reference to  FIG.  11 A , for example. 
     Thus, the examples of the disclosure provide a flexible system architecture for use in a self-capacitance and mutual capacitance touch sensing system. 
     Therefore, according to the above, some examples of the disclosure are directed to a switching circuit comprising: a plurality of pixel mux blocks, each of the pixel mux blocks configured to be coupled to a respective touch node electrode on a touch sensor panel, and each of the pixel mux blocks including logic circuitry; and a plurality of signal lines configured to be coupled to sense circuitry, at least one of the signal lines configured to transmit a touch signal from one of the respective touch node electrodes to the sense circuitry, wherein the logic circuitry in each pixel mux block of the plurality of pixel mux blocks is configured to control the respective pixel mux block so as to selectively couple the respective pixel mux block to any one of the plurality of signal lines. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, each of the pixel mux blocks further includes a plurality of switches coupled to the respective touch node electrodes, and controlling the respective pixel mux block so as to selectively couple the respective pixel mux block to any one of the plurality of signal lines comprises controlling the states of the plurality of switches. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the switching circuit further comprises: a memory including switch control information for controlling the plurality of switches in each pixel mux block, wherein the logic circuitry in each pixel mux block is coupled to the memory. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the logic circuitry in each pixel mux block controls the plurality of switches in each pixel mux block based on the switch control information. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the memory is configured to be populated with the switch control information by the sense circuitry. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, each of the plurality of switches is coupled to one of the plurality of signal lines. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, a first switch of the plurality of switches is coupled to a first signal line of the plurality of signal lines, and a second switch of the plurality of switches is coupled to the first signal line of the plurality of signal lines. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the sense circuitry is configured to perform a plurality of touch sensor panel scans on the touch sensor panel, and each of the plurality of switches is coupled to one of the plurality of signal lines in correspondence to configurations of the plurality of touch sensor panel scans. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the logic circuitry in each pixel mux block is configured to control the respective pixel mux block so as to selectively couple the respective pixel mux block to any of the plurality of signal lines in response to control provided by the sense circuitry. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, at least one of the signal lines is configured to be coupled to the sense circuitry via a shared trace that is shared with at least another signal line included in another switching circuit coupled to the touch sensor panel. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the shared trace is disposed on a flex connector configured to couple the switching circuit to the sense circuitry. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the switching circuit is configured to be coupled to a first plurality of touch node electrodes that are part of a supernode on the touch sensor panel, and the other switching circuit is configured to be coupled to a second plurality of touch node electrodes that are part of the supernode on the touch sensor panel. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the shared trace is configured to transmit a touch signal from the supernode to the sense circuitry. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the switching circuit further comprises a second plurality of signal lines, wherein: the plurality of signal lines comprise a first plurality of signal lines, the first plurality of signal lines is configured to be coupled to a first set of touch node electrodes on the touch sensor panel, the second plurality of signal lines is configured to be coupled to a second set of touch node electrodes on the touch sensor panel, and a first end of the first plurality of signal lines is disposed adjacent to a second end of the second plurality of signal lines. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, a number of signal lines in the first plurality of signal lines is the same as a number of signal lines in the second plurality of signal lines. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the first plurality of signal lines is configured to be coupled to a first plurality of sense channels in the sense circuitry, and the second plurality of signal lines is configured to be coupled to a second plurality of sense channels in the sense circuitry. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the switching circuit has a first dimension, the first plurality of signal lines extend across a first portion of the switching circuit along the first dimension, and the second plurality of signal lines extend across a second portion of the switching circuit along the first dimension. 
     Some examples of the disclosure are directed to a method of operating a touch screen, the method comprising: coupling each of a plurality of pixel mux blocks to a respective touch node electrode on a touch sensor panel; transmitting a touch signal on at least one of a plurality of signal lines from one of the respective touch node electrodes to sense circuitry; and selectively coupling each pixel mux block to any one of the plurality of signal lines. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, selectively coupling each pixel mux block to any one of the plurality of signal lines is based on switch control information included on a memory. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the method further comprises populating the memory with the switch control information by the sense circuitry. 
     Some examples of the disclosure are directed to a switching circuit comprising: a plurality of pixel mux blocks including a first plurality of pixel mux blocks and a second plurality of pixel mux blocks, each pixel mux block of the plurality of pixel mux blocks configured to selectively couple a respective touch node electrode on a touch sensor panel to sense circuitry, wherein the first plurality of pixel mux blocks is associated with a first group identification, and the second plurality of pixel mux blocks is associated with a second group identification, different from the first group identification; and logic circuitry included in each pixel mux block of the first plurality of pixel mux blocks and the second plurality of pixel mux blocks, the logic circuitry configured to configure its respective pixel mux block based on a group identification of its respective pixel mux block and a target group identification provided by the sense circuitry. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the logic circuitry is configured to: in accordance with a determination that the target group identification corresponds to the respective group identification of the respective pixel mux block corresponding to the logic circuitry, configuring the respective pixel mux block to couple the respective touch node electrode corresponding to the respective pixel mux block to a first signal line; and in accordance with a determination that the target group identification does not correspond to the respective group identification of the respective pixel mux block, configuring the respective pixel mux block to decouple the respective touch node electrode corresponding to the respective pixel mux block from the first signal line. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the target group identification corresponds to the first group identification, the pixel mux blocks in the first plurality of pixel mux blocks are configured in a first scan configuration, and the pixel mux blocks in the second plurality of pixel mux blocks are configured in a second scan configuration, different from the first scan configuration. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the first scan configuration comprises a pen scan configuration, and the second scan configuration does not comprise a pen scan configuration. 
     Although examples of this disclosure have been fully described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be noted that various changes and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications are to be understood as being included within the scope of examples of this disclosure as defined by the appended claims.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20220606
Publication Date: 20240618
Grant Date: 20240618
Priority Date: 20150202
Inventors: KRAH, CHRISTOPH H.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G06F3/044", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0416", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0443", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04166", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/047", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/03545", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0412", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04166", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0443", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0412", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04104", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0488", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/044", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04164", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04164", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0412", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04164", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/03545", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0412", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0416", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04166", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/044", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0443", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/047", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 55359745