PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-10664019-B2
Application Number: US-201916412078-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: High tolerance connection between elements

Abstract:
This is directed to connecting two or more elements using an intermediate element constructed from a material that changes between states. An electronic device can include one or more components constructed by connecting several elements. To provide a connection having a reduced or small size or cross-section and construct a component having high tolerances, a material can be provided in a first state in which it flows between the elements before changing to a second state in which it adheres to the elements and provides a structurally sound connection. For example, a plastic can be molded between the elements. As another example, a composite material can be brazed between the elements. In some cases, internal surfaces of the elements can include one or more features for enhancing a bond between the elements and the material providing the interface between the elements.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An electronic device comprising:
 an electronic component; and 
 a housing defining an internal volume that at least partially encloses the electronic component, the housing comprising:
 a first conductive component defining a first portion of an external sidewall of the housing and a first internal element that extends into the internal volume; 
 a second conductive component defining a second portion of the external sidewall and a second internal element that extends into the internal volume; and 
 an intermediate element positioned at least partially within a gap between the first conductive component and the second conductive component, the intermediate element defining a third portion of the external sidewall and molded at least partially around the first and second internal elements. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the first internal element defines a first opening; 
 the second internal element defines a second opening; and 
 the intermediate element at least partially fills the first and second openings to structurally couple the first conductive component to the second conductive component. 
 
     
     
       3. The electronic device of  claim 2 , wherein:
 the first opening defines a first cylindrical recess; and 
 the second opening defines a second cylindrical recess. 
 
     
     
       4. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the intermediate element is molded between the first and second conductive components to form a first bond between the intermediate element and the first conductive component and a second bond between the intermediate element and the second conductive component. 
     
     
       5. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the first internal element defines a cut; and 
 the intermediate element is positioned at least partially within the cut. 
 
     
     
       6. The electronic device of  claim 5 , wherein:
 the first internal element defines a first opening that extends into the cut; and 
 the intermediate element at least partially fills the first opening. 
 
     
     
       7. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the first conductive component is configured to operate as an antenna. 
     
     
       8. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the first conductive component defines a first corner and a second corner of the housing; and 
 the first conductive component is electrically coupled to the electronic component and is configured to form at least part of an antenna of the electronic device. 
 
     
     
       9. A housing for an electronic device, the housing comprising:
 a first conductive component defining a first portion of an external surface of the housing, a first internal surface, and a first element that extends from inward from the first internal surface; 
 a second conductive component defining a second portion of the external surface of the housing, a second internal surface, and a second element that extends from inward from the second internal surface; and 
 an intermediate element positioned between the first conductive component and the second conductive component, the intermediate element defining a third portion of the external surface and structurally engaging the first and second elements of the first and second conductive components, respectively. 
 
     
     
       10. The housing of  claim 9 , wherein:
 the first element defines a first opening; 
 the second element defines a second opening; and 
 the intermediate element at least partially fills the first and second openings. 
 
     
     
       11. The housing of  claim 9 , wherein the intermediate element electrically insulates a first end of the first conductive component from a second end of the second conductive component. 
     
     
       12. The housing of  claim 9 , wherein:
 the second conductive component defines a first corner of the housing; 
 the housing further comprises a third conductive component that defines a second corner of the housing; and 
 the first conductive component is positioned between the second and third conductive components. 
 
     
     
       13. The housing of  claim 12 , wherein the first conductive component is configured to operate as an antenna for the electronic device. 
     
     
       14. An electronic device comprising:
 a housing defining an internal volume and comprising:
 a first metal component defining a first portion of an external surface of the housing and a first element that extends inward from a first internal surface and defines a first opening; 
 a second metal component defining a second portion of the external surface and a second element that extends inward from a second internal surface and defines a second opening; and 
 a dielectric component positioned at least partially between the first metal component and the second metal component, the dielectric component defining a third portion of the external surface and at least partially filling the first and second openings. 
 
 
     
     
       15. The electronic device of  claim 14 , wherein:
 the first metal component defines a cut that extends through the first element; 
 the first opening extends to the cut; and 
 the dielectric component at least partially fills the cut. 
 
     
     
       16. The electronic device of  claim 14 , wherein:
 the dielectric component is molded between the first metal component and the second metal component; and 
 the dielectric component forms a structural bond between the first metal component and the second metal component. 
 
     
     
       17. The electronic device of  claim 14 , wherein:
 the external surface includes at least part of an external sidewall of the housing; and 
 the first metal component defines at least a portion of a top of the external sidewall of the housing. 
 
     
     
       18. The electronic device of  claim 14 , wherein;
 the first metal component is operably coupled to an electronic component positioned within the internal volume of the housing; and 
 the first metal component is configured to operate as an antenna. 
 
     
     
       19. The electronic device of  claim 14 , wherein:
 the first metal component is formed from one or more of a steel material or an aluminum material; and 
 the dielectric component is formed from a plastic material. 
 
     
     
       20. The electronic device of  claim 14 , wherein:
 the dielectric component is a first dielectric component; and 
 the housing further comprises:
 a third metal component defining a fourth portion of the external surface of the housing; and 
 a second dielectric component coupling the third metal component to the second metal component and electrically isolating the second metal component from the third metal component, the second dielectric component defining a fifth portion of the external surface.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S) 
     This application is a continuation patent application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/821,301, filed Nov. 22, 2017 and titled “High Tolerance Connection Between Elements,” which is a continuation patent application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/566,222, filed Dec. 10, 2014 and titled “High Tolerance Connection Between Elements,” now U.S. Pat. No. 9,829,926, which is a divisional patent application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/794,485, filed Jun. 4, 2010 and titled “High Tolerance Connection Between Elements,” now U.S. Pat. No. 8,913,395, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/300,780, filed Feb. 2, 2010, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/325,625, filed Apr. 19, 2010, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/325,786, filed Apr. 19, 2010, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     A portable electronic device can be constructed by connecting different components. For example, an electronic device can include a first housing component serving as a bucket for receiving electronic device components, and a second housing component placed over the first housing component. Any suitable approach can be used to connect the first and second housing components including, for example, one or more snaps or other interlocking features, a mechanical fastener (e.g., one or more screws), an adhesive, or combinations of these. The first and second housing components can each be constructed using any suitable approach including, for example, from a single integral element, or by connecting several distinct elements. For example, the first housing component can be constructed as a single metal structure, and the second housing component can be constructed by combining a glass or plastic window and a metal or plastic band using an adhesive. In some cases, the particular material used in the regions of the first and second housing components that come into contact can be the same or different (e.g., a plastic first housing component and a metal second housing component, or an aluminum first housing component and a steel second housing component). 
     Other known portable electronic devices can be constructed by inserting components into a hollow housing element. For example, an electronic device can be constructed using a tubular structure (e.g., a flattened tube or a hollow rectangular tube) into which electronic device components can be inserted. The tubular structure can be constructed from a single piece of material, or by connecting several distinct elements, for example using a mechanical fastener. To retain components within the tube, the structure can include caps placed on the opposite ends of the tube. The caps can be retained within the tube using any suitable approach including, for example, using a press-fit, an adhesive, a fastener (e.g., a screw), or combinations of these. 
     SUMMARY 
     This is directed to connecting two or more elements using an intermediate element such that the intermediate element remains within the cross-sections of the two or more elements at the interfaces with the elements. In addition, this is directed to using an intermediate element that changes in state to connect two or more elements such that the resulting assembled component can be constructed with high tolerances, while the individual elements connected by the intermediate element can be constructed with low tolerances. Furthermore, the two or more elements can be electrically conductive while the material of the intermediate element can include an insulating or a dielectric material. 
     An electronic device can be formed by connecting several components or elements. In some embodiments, components providing external surfaces of the device, such as housing components, can be constructed by connecting several elements together. For example, larger elements can be connected to smaller elements. As another example, several elements having substantially similar sizes can be connected. In some embodiments, components within a device can be constructed by connecting distinct elements. 
     In some embodiments, first and second elements can be coupled using an intermediate element from a material that can change between two states. In a first state, the intermediate element can flow between the first and second elements, and in some cases begin to adhere to the surfaces of the elements with which it is placed in contact. In a second state, the intermediate element can provide a structural and mechanical bond between the first and second elements (e.g., as the intermediate element material transitions from a liquid state to a solid state). By using such a material for the intermediate element, the intermediate element can have a variable length or other dimension such that the first and second elements can be manufactured individually with low tolerances, but the complete assembly can be assembled together with high tolerances. 
     In addition to allowing individual elements of a component to be constructed with low tolerances, this approach can ensure that the first and second elements are in alignment when they are connected. The first and second elements can be positioned and aligned as required for a final component, and the intermediate element can be placed between the first and second elements. The intermediate element material can then flow between the first and second elements without disrupting the positions of the first and second elements, and thus secure the first and second elements as initially aligned. 
     In some cases, one or more of the elements being connected (e.g., the first and second elements) can include electrically conductive elements serving as part of an electrical circuit. For example, one or more housing elements can serve as parts of an antenna. As another example, one or more internal elements of a device can be electrically conductive, for example to provide a path between electrical components, or to ground one or more electrical components. Although the individual first and second elements can be conductive, it may nevertheless be desirable for the elements to be electrically isolated. For example, if the first and second elements provide parts of an antenna structure, it may be desirable for the elements to be electrically isolated to ensure that interactions between the first and second elements do not interfere with antenna performance. 
     The first and second elements can be physically connected while remaining insulated from each other using any suitable approach. In some embodiments, the intermediate element can be constructed from an insulating material, such that the intermediate element provides both a mechanical and a structural connection between the first and second elements, while insulating the elements from each other. The particular material selected for the intermediate element can include any suitable mechanical property including, for example, a particular stiffness or rigidity based on mechanical requirements for the resulting component. The intermediate element can be manufactured using any suitable approach including, for example, molding (e.g., molding a plastic intermediate material) or braising (e.g., braising a ceramic material between the first and second elements). 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The above and other features of the present invention, its nature and various advantages will be more apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic view of an illustrative outer periphery member constructed by connecting several elements in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic view of an illustrative electronic device component in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic view of an illustrative electronic device housing component having a variable size intermediate element in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional view of an illustrative component formed by connecting two elements in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIGS. 5A-5C  are schematic top views of illustrative components that include an intermediate element in accordance with some embodiments of the invention; 
         FIGS. 6A-6D  are schematic views of an interface in illustrative components that include an intermediate element in accordance with some embodiments of the invention; 
         FIG. 7  is a flowchart of an illustrative process for connecting first and second elements of a component using an intermediate element that can change between two states in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 8  is a flowchart of an illustrative process for connecting conductive elements in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 9  is a detailed view of an illustrative interface between conductive elements in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 10  is a schematic view of an illustrative internal platform used in an electronic device in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; and 
         FIG. 11  is a schematic view of the illustrative internal platform of  FIG. 10  coupled to an outer periphery member in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     An electronic device can include several components assembled together to form internal and external features of the device. For example, one or more internal components (e.g., electrical circuitry) can be placed within external components (e.g., a housing) to provide a device having desired functionality. Different components can be manufactured using several approaches including, for example, by assembling and connecting individual elements. In some cases, an external housing component can be constructed by assembling several elements to form an integral component. 
       FIG. 1  is a schematic view of an illustrative outer periphery member constructed by connecting several elements in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Outer periphery member  100  can be constructed to form an exterior surface for an electronic device. In particular, outer periphery member  100  can surround or wrap around some or all of the electronic device such that outer periphery member  100  defines an internal volume into which electronic device components can be placed. For example, outer periphery member  100  can wrap around the device such that external surfaces  101  of outer periphery member  100  define a left surface  102 , a right surface  104 , as well as a top surface  106  and a bottom surface  108  of the device. To provide a desired functionality to a user, the electronic device can include several components placed within the device, for example within the internal volume of the outer periphery member. 
     The thickness, length, height, and cross-section of the outer periphery member can be selected based on any suitable criteria including, for example, based on structural requirements (e.g., stiffness, or resistance to bending, compression, tension or torsion in particular orientations). In some embodiments, the outer periphery member can serve as a structural member to which other electronic device components can be mounted. Some of the structural integrity of outer periphery member  100  can come from the closed shape that it defines (e.g., outer periphery member  100  forms a loop). 
     Outer periphery member  100  can have any suitable cross-section. For example, outer periphery member  100  can have a substantially rectangular cross-section. In some embodiments, outer periphery member  100  can instead or in addition have a cross-section in a different shape including, for example, a circular, oval, polygonal, or curved cross-section. In some embodiments, the shape or size of the cross-section can vary along the length or width of the device (e.g., an hourglass shaped cross-section). 
     The outer periphery member of an electronic device can be constructed using any suitable process. In some embodiments, outer periphery member  100  can be constructed by connecting distinct elements  110 ,  120  and  130  at interfaces  112 ,  122  and  132 . The elements can have any suitable shape including, for example, large L-shape element  110 , small L-shape element  120 , and U-shape element  130 . Each element can be constructed individually and later assembled to form outer periphery member  100 . For example, each element can be constructed using one or more of stamping, machining, working, casting, or combinations of these. In some embodiments, the materials selected for elements  110 ,  120  and  130  can be conductive to provide an electrical functionality to the device (e.g., serve as part of an antenna). 
     To join the individual elements, intermediate elements  114 ,  124  and  134  can be placed within interfaces  112 ,  122 , and  132 , respectively. In some embodiments, each of the intermediate elements can be constructed from a material that can initially be provided in a first state in which the material can flow between elements  110  and  120 , elements  120  and  130 , and elements  130  and  110  when placed in interfaces  112 ,  122  and  132 , respectively. The material can subsequently change to a second state in which the material bonds together elements  110  and  120 ,  120  and  130 , and  130  and  110 , respectively, to form a single new component (e.g., an integral component). 
     Different approaches can be used to connect individual component elements together. For example, a mechanical fastener, connector or other connector element can be coupled to several component elements that are assembled together. A connector element can have any suitable size relative to the elements being connected. In some cases, one or more portions of the connector element can extend along a side surface of an element, or otherwise extend beyond a boundary defined by a cross-section of the elements (e.g., when two elements are connected end to end, such as outer periphery member elements, as described above in connection with  FIG. 1 ). In some cases, an adhesive can be used instead of or in addition to a mechanical fastener or connector. For example, an adhesive layer can be placed between the components being connected. The adhesive layer can be provided using any suitable approach including, for example, as a liquid or paste adhesive, tape, heat-based adhesive, or combination of these. In some embodiments, an adhesive layer can have a reduced thickness or width (e.g., reducing the space between the elements) to ensure that the elements are properly connected. This may be due to mechanical properties of the adhesive, as a thicker layer of the adhesive may have limited strength in bending, compression, peeling, tension, or several of these. 
     While these approaches can be effective to couple elements, they can also require the profile of a component to increase (e.g., beyond the cross-section of the elements being connected) or can limit the width or size of the connector (e.g., only allow a film layer between the elements). In addition, some of these approaches may require that the individual elements be accurately manufactured (e.g., with high tolerances) to ensure that the resulting component is also manufactured within high tolerances.  FIG. 2  is a schematic view of an illustrative electronic device component in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Component  200  can be constructed from first element  210  and second element  212 , which can be connected by intermediate element  220 . First and second elements  210  and  212  can be constructed from any suitable materials including, for example, the same or different materials. For example, first and second elements  210  and  212  can be constructed from one or more of a metal, plastic, a composite material, an organic material, or combinations of these. In some cases, one or both of the elements can be constructed from conductive materials (and thus be used as part of circuitry within the device), but may need to be electrically isolated from one another for proper functioning of device circuitry. In such cases, the intermediate element can be constructed from an insulating or dielectric material to prevent an electrical signal from crossing the gap between first element  210  and second element  212 . 
     The individual elements of the component can be positioned using any suitable approach. For example, individual elements can be aligned such that cross-sections of each element are aligned with each other (e.g., the elements are non-overlapping). As another example, individual elements can be positioned relative to each other such that the cross-section of the portions of intermediate element  220  at the interfaces with the first and second elements do not extend beyond the cross-sections of the first and second elements at the interfaces. 
     Intermediate element  220  can have any suitable size. For example, intermediate element  220  can have any suitable length (e.g., defining the distance between first and second elements  210  and  212 ), including a length that is substantially the same size or larger than a length associated with one or both of first and second elements  210  and  212 . Alternatively, the length of intermediate element  220  can be less than a length associated with one or both of first and second elements  210  and  212  (e.g., but at least 0.25 mm, such as 0.5 mm or 1 mm). In some embodiments, the length or shape of intermediate element  220  can be selected based on mechanical properties of the intermediate element material. For example, the intermediate element can include a variable width or cross section in the region between the elements. 
     In some embodiments, the size or shape of intermediate element  220  can vary between different components. For example, some or all of first and second elements  210  and  212  can be constructed with relatively low tolerance, such that the length of arms or portions of the first and second elements that are placed in contact with the intermediate element can vary. In particular, first and second elements  210  and  212  can be initially manufactured with lower tolerances, then positioned in a fixture having higher tolerances. Intermediate element  220  can be placed between the first and second elements. The material and process used to connect intermediate element  220  between first and second elements  210  and  212  can be selected such that the material can initially be provided in a first state in which the material can fill the gap or space, or span the interface between the first and second elements. For example, the material can be provided as a liquid or a moldable solid (e.g., a soft clay-like state) such that the material can be shaped into an intermediate element. In some embodiments, the fixture can define boundaries and features (e.g., protrusions or detents) within the intermediate element surfaces. 
     Once properly positioned between the first and second elements (e.g., filling the gap between the elements), the material of the intermediate element can change to a second state in which the material adheres to both the first and second elements to provide a structurally sound bond (e.g., a mechanical bond) between them. For example, the material can harden and provide structural integrity between the first and second elements. Because the material can flow into any gap between the first and second elements while in the first state, the material can absorb or erase variations in the manufacturing of the first and second materials due to low manufacturing tolerances of those elements, while ensuring that the resulting component is constructed with higher precision than its individual components. 
     This approach may in addition reduce the complexity and detail required to construct the first and second elements. In particular, because the material of the intermediate element can flow in the first state, the material can flow around and into features of each of the first and second elements (as described below) to ensure that the material is securely coupled to each of the first and second elements. Furthermore, this approach can be forgiving of imperfections and other manufacturing artifacts along the exposed surface of each of the first and second elements. In fact, the opposing surfaces of the first and second elements may not need to have corresponding features, as the opposing surfaces of the first and second elements may not engage or need to be placed in close proximity (e.g., as would otherwise be required with an adhesive). Instead, the material injected into the mold can flow around the features, and accommodate any offsets or misalignments of the features. 
     Any suitable process can be used to provide the material of the intermediate element between the first and second elements. In some embodiments, a molding process by which a material is initially inserted in a liquid state and which subsequently hardens can be used. For example, one or more of injection molding, compression molding, transfer molding, extrusion molding, blow molding, thermoforming or vacuum forming, or rotomolding processes can be used. Using a molding process, material can flow around first and second elements  210  and  212 , and the material can accommodate irregularities and defects of the elements, while subsequently changing state to provide structural integrity and define an integral component with high degrees of tolerance. 
     In some embodiments, a brazing process can be used instead of or in addition to a molding process. For example, a dielectric composite material can be brazed between the first and second elements. In one implementation, a composite material can be placed in a fixture between the first and second elements to be connected, and the composite material can be heated so that it melts and fills a region between the conductive elements (e.g., is distributed between the conductive elements by capillary action or wetting). For example, the fixture and composite material can be placed in contact with a heated surface causing the composite material to heat and flow. The composite material can be cooled once it has filled the region between the conductive elements, forming a secure bond between the composite material and each of the conductive elements. Any suitable type of brazing can be used including, for example, torch blazing, furnace brazing, braze welding, vacuum brazing, or dip brazing. The filler material can include any suitable composite material, including various particular dielectric or insulating composite materials such as, for example, plastic, rubber, organic composites, non-conductive metal alloys, or combinations of these. Furthermore, the geometry of features along internal surfaces of the conductive elements can be selected and designed to enhance the brazed bond. 
     The particular material and process used can be finished to provide an aesthetically pleasing connecting component that will be exposed as part of the device housing. In some embodiments, a finishing process (e.g., a grinding process) can be used to clean up the interface between the first and second elements and the intermediate elements. Alternatively, a finishing process can be used to define a final color, texture or other aesthetic attribute of the component, as provided for by industrial design considerations. In some cases, the particular materials used, or the particular process used can be selected based on a desired cosmetic effect (e.g., a visual or tactile effect). 
       FIG. 3  is a schematic view of an illustrative electronic device housing component having a variable size intermediate element in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Component  300  can be constructed by coupling first and second elements  310  and  312 , which can include some or all of the features of first and second elements  210  and  212  ( FIG. 2 ). 
     Intermediate element  320 , which can include some or all of the features of intermediate element  220  ( FIG. 2 ), can include contact regions  322  and  324  placed in contact with surfaces of first and second elements  310  and  312  (i.e., interior side surfaces of those elements), respectively. Contact regions  322  and  324  can be sized such that at least a minimum surface area of each of first element  310  and second element  312  is in contact with intermediate element  320 . The minimum contact surface can be determined, for example, from a desired or expected retention force between the intermediate element and each of first and second elements  310  and  312 . 
     Intermediate element  320  can have any suitable shape or feature between contact regions  322  and  324 . For example, intermediate element  320  can include one or more openings (e.g., for receiving a button or for allowing sound or light waves to pass), protrusions, detents, chamfers, expansions, regressions, or combinations of these. In the example shown in  FIG. 3 , intermediate element  320  can include cutout  325  and bump  326 , which can have the same or different shapes. In some embodiments, one or more of the features of intermediate element  320  can be selected for cosmetic or aesthetic reasons. 
     Intermediate element  320  can have any suitable size relative to one or both of first element  310  and second element  312 . In some embodiments, first element  310  can include internal surface  311  having a periphery that defines a boundary for internal surface  311 . Similarly, second element  312  can include internal surface  313  having a periphery that defines a boundary for internal surface  313 . Intermediate element  320  can come into contact (and be coupled) with first element  310  and second element  312  such that the portions of intermediate element  320  that are in contact with first element  310  and second element  312  are within the peripheries or boundaries of internal surfaces  311  and  313 , respectively. In other words, there may be no portion of intermediate element  320  that extends beyond the periphery of each internal region and comes into contact with an external surface of first element  310  or second element  312  (e.g., with a top surface). In some cases, intermediate element  320  can be constrained to the periphery of the internal surface of only one of first element  310  and second element  312 . 
     In some cases, it may be desirable to limit the space of the intermediate element between two other elements in a component. In particular, it may be desirable for a cross-section of the intermediate element to be no larger than a cross-section of an element to which it is connected (e.g., less than at least one of the first and second elements), as this can allow a component size to be reduced and thus reduce the overall size of the electronic device or ensure that internal components in an electronic device are tightly disposed. 
       FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional view of an illustrative component formed by connecting two elements in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Component  400  can be constructed by connecting first and second elements  410  and  412  using intermediate element  420 . The elements of component  400  can include some or all of the features of the corresponding elements described above (e.g., in connection with  FIGS. 2 and 3 ). Intermediate element  420  can have any suitable size including, for example, a height or width that is less than the corresponding height or width of elements  410  and  412 . In particular, intermediate element  420  may be constrained from extending beyond a side surface of first and second elements  410  and  412  in a region adjacent to the interface with the first and second elements. In some embodiments, intermediate element  420  may not extend past a plane defined by side surfaces of first and second elements  410  and  412  (e.g., top and bottom surfaces  410   t ,  410   b ,  412   t  and  412   b , respectively). 
     To enhance the interface between intermediate element  420  and each of the individual first and second elements  410  and  412 , each of elements  410  and  412  can include one or more internal features that provide locking means, or increase the surface area that can be used for adhering intermediate element  420  to each of the first and second elements. For example, first element  410  can include a curved internal feature  402  along interface surface  411 . Feature  402  can define a curved recess (e.g., a spherical or cylindrical recess) into which material from intermediate element  420  can extend. The additional surface area created along internal surface  411  (e.g., as opposed to a flat, planar internal surface) can increase surface tension based force. In addition, the particular shape and size of internal feature  402  can be selected based on a desired resistance force between first element  410  and intermediate element  420 . For example, internal feature  402  can extend into first element  410  such that the portion of intermediate element  420  extending into the internal feature forms a beam operative to resist bending in directions along surface  411 . Feature  402  can extend in or out of a plane that includes a periphery of internal surface  411  (or feature  404  can extend in or out of a plane that includes a periphery of internal surface  413 ). 
     In some embodiments, feature  402  can instead or in addition extend out from surface  411 . For example, feature  402  can include a dome, beam, or other protrusion extending out of first element  410 . To further enhance the interface between intermediate element  420  and first element  410 , feature  402  can include one or more openings, holes, hooks or other features that can engage a corresponding feature of intermediate element  420  once it changes to the second state (e.g., a hole in feature  402  into which a post of hardened intermediate element  420  can extend). 
     Each of first and second elements  410  and  412  can include the same or different retention features. For example, second element  412  can include internal feature  404  along interface surface  413 . Feature  404  can include any suitable feature including, for example, one or more of the features described in the context of feature  402 . In particular, feature  404  can include several indentations having the same or different shapes or sizes, such as those illustrated in  FIG. 4 . In the example of  FIG. 4 , feature  404  can include several pyramid or cone-shaped indentations (e.g., recessed relative to surface  413 ), and pyramid or cone-shaped protrusions extending beyond surface  413 . In some embodiments, feature  404  can include one more recessed edges at the interface between the recessed and protruding features forming a hook into which material from intermediate element  420  can flow. 
     Intermediate element  420  can ultimately include any suitable feature to mate with first and second elements  410  and  412  (the features of intermediate element  420  are formed after the material of element  420  changes to the second state). For example, intermediate element  420  can have a height that is less than that of either of elements  410  and  412 . In particular, intermediate element  420  can ultimately include recessed region  422 , which can be used to retain a larger electrical component. As another example, intermediate element  420  can include opening  424  through the connecting element. The opening can be used to step one or more wires or electrical connectors through intermediate element  420 , or can serve as a via or pathway for audio or light. In some embodiments, opening  424  can be placed near a microphone, IR sensor, an ambient light sensor, or other sensors. The features included within the body of intermediate element  420  can be constructed at any suitable time including, for example, before intermediate element  420  is coupled to elements  410  and  412 , once the intermediate element is coupled to one or more of elements  410  and  412 , or while the intermediate element is coupled to one or more of elements  410  and  412 . 
     The elements connected by the intermediate element can include any suitable feature for improving the adhesion between the elements and the intermediate element.  FIGS. 5A-5C  are schematic top views of illustrative components that include an intermediate element in accordance with some embodiments of the invention. The elements of the components described below can have some or all of the features or attributes of the corresponding elements described above. Component  500  shown in  FIG. 5A  can be constructed by connecting first element  502  and second element  504  using intermediate element  506 . To improve the adhesion between first element  502  and intermediate element  506 , first element  502  can include opening  508  within the body of the first element that is accessible from the surface of the first element that is in contact with intermediate element  506  by channel  509 . Similarly, second element  504  can include opening  510  within the body of second element  504  that is accessible from the surface of the second element that is in contact with intermediate element  506  by channel  511 . The openings and channels can have any suitable size or shape including, for example, a shape selected such that the channel is smaller than the opening. This can ensure that material of intermediate element  506  flowing into the opening cannot pass back through the channel, and thus improve the retention of the intermediate element (e.g., the through bore or opening forms an undercut or interlock). The opening can have any suitable shape including, for example, a curved or angled cross-section, or a variable cross-section. The opening can extend through some, or all, of the first or second element including, for example, through only an internal portion of the element (e.g., to prevent the material of the intermediate element extending in the opening from being exposed at an external surface of the element). 
     Component  520  shown in  FIG. 5B  can be constructed by connecting first and second elements  522  and  524  using intermediate element  526 . To improve the adhesion intermediate element  526  to the first and second elements, intermediate element  526  can include overflowing portions  528  extending beyond the cross-section of the first and second elements, which comes into contact with exposed surfaces of the first and second elements (e.g., surfaces other than the interfacing surfaces that oppose one another within the component). Overflowing portions  528  can extend over any suitable surface of the first and second elements including, for example, only over one or more of a top, bottom, front or back surface, and/or along only one of the first and second elements, or various combinations of these. 
     Component  540  shown in  FIG. 5C  can be constructed by connecting first and second elements  542  and  544  using intermediate element  546 . First and second elements  542  and  546  can include openings  548  and  550 , and channels  549  and  551 , respectively, as described above in connection with component  500 . To allow openings  548  and  550  to extend through the entire height of the first and second components, while maintaining uniform and consistent external surfaces of the elements, the first and second elements can include chamfers  543  and  545 , respectively, extending from a surface of the elements. For example, the chamfers can extend from an internal surface of the elements, such that the chamfers extend within an internal volume of a device that includes the component. The chamfer can have any suitable height including, for example, a height that matches that of the main body of each element, or a height that is less than that of the main body. In particular, the chamfers can be recessed relative to top and bottom surfaces of the first and second elements. Openings  548  and  550  can extend through the chamfers instead of or in addition to the main bodies of the elements. 
       FIGS. 6A-6D  are schematic views of an interface in illustrative components that include an intermediate element in accordance with some embodiments of the invention. The elements shown in  FIGS. 6A-6D  can include any suitable feature or attribute of corresponding elements described above. In particular, elements can include chamfers, openings and/or channels as described above in connection with  FIGS. 5A-5C . Component  600  shown in  FIG. 6A  can be constructed by connecting first element  602  and second element  604  using intermediate element  606 . First and second elements  602  and  604  can each include an opening and channel as described above with respect to component  500  ( FIG. 5A ). In addition, first and second elements  602  and  604  can include cuts  603  and  605  along the interior surfaces of the elements to provide resistance to shear forces. In particular, as a shear force is applied to move the first and second elements relative to each other along the plane  608  of the element interface, material from the intermediate element placed in the cuts can provide more resistance than material in the openings. Cuts  603  and  605  can have any suitable shape including, for example, linear, curved, or variable shapes. The depth and thickness of the cuts can be selected and vary based on any suitable criteria, including resistance to external forces. Cuts  603  and  605  can be made using any suitable tool including, for example, a T-shape cutter. 
     Component  620  shown in  FIG. 6B  can be constructed by connecting first element  622  and second element  624  using intermediate element  626 , and can include some or all of the features of the various components described above, such as component  600 . In contrast with component  600 , however, the channels providing a path between the openings and the interface surface of the first and second elements may not extend through the entirety of the first and second elements. Instead, the channel may be entirely within the body of the first and second elements, such that top and bottom surfaces of the chamfers  623  and  625  are continuous except for openings  627  and  628 . This can reduce stress on the first and second elements. 
     Component  640  shown in  FIG. 6C  can be constructed by connecting first element  642  and second element  644  using intermediate element  646 , and can include some or all of the features of components  600  and  620 . In contrast with components  600  and  620 , however, the first and second elements may not include straight cuts. Instead, the first and second elements can include angled cuts  643  and  645 , having interlocking features. Cuts  643  and  645  can be made using any suitable tool including, for example, a dovetail cutter. 
     Component  660  shown in  FIG. 6D  can be constructed by connecting first element  662  and second element  664  using intermediate element  666 , and can include some or all of the features of components  600 ,  620  and  640 . In contrast with components  600 ,  620  and  640  described above, component  660  can include tapers  663  and  665  on internal surfaces of the first and second elements. The tapers can optimize capacitance, which may be necessary when the first and second elements are used as part of an electrical circuit. 
     The materials selected for the elements forming a component can be selected based on any suitable criteria. For example, materials can be selected based on mechanical properties (e.g., stiffness or resistance to particular applied forces), cosmetic or tactile properties (e.g., color or texture), thermal properties, electrical properties, or any other attribute or property of the material. Each element (e.g., the two or more elements connected by the intermediate element and the intermediate element) can be constructed from the same or different materials. For example, first and second elements can be constructed from a first material, and the intermediate element can be constructed from a second material. 
     In some embodiments, the first and second elements can be constructed from conductive materials to serve as part of two distinct electrical circuits. For example, the first and second elements can be constructed from a metal (e.g., steel) to serve as part of an antenna of an electronic device. To electrically isolate the two circuits, the intermediate element can be constructed, at least in part, from an insulating material that prevents electrical signals from being transmitted across the intermediate element between the first and second elements which are connected by the intermediate element. Any suitable insulating or dielectric material can be used including, for example, a plastic, composite material, glass, Teflon®, paper, or combinations of these. In some embodiments, the intermediate element can be constructed from a combination of conductive and insulating materials, where the insulating materials are disposed between the conductive materials. 
     Alternatively, one or more conductive materials can be embedded within insulating materials. By selecting a dielectric or insulating material for the intermediate element, it may be possible to control capacitance between two conductive first and second elements across the junction. In some embodiments, the intermediate element can instead or in addition be used to radiate RF energy. In particular, the intermediate element can be used to radiate RF energy generated or captured by the first and second elements when the first and second elements are included as part of one or more antenna assemblies. 
       FIG. 7  is a flowchart of an illustrative process for connecting first and second elements of a component using an intermediate element that can change between two states in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Process  700  can begin at step  702 . At step  704 , first and second elements can be provided. For example, first and second elements can be manufactured using low tolerance processes to reduce costs. At step  706 , the first and second elements can be aligned as desired for the resulting component. For example, opposing extensions of the first and second elements can be aligned such that the cross-sections of each of the extensions are opposite each other and aligned to form a planar surface (e.g., to form a continuous surface across the seam of first and second elements). In some embodiments, the first and second elements can be disposed in a position defining the component with a high tolerance. At step  708 , a material used for an intermediate element can be placed between the first and second elements, while the material is in a first state. In the first state, the material can flow between the first and second elements to occupy the free space between the elements. For example, a plastic material can be heated and injected between the first and second elements. At step  710 , the material of the intermediate element can change to a second state from the first state. In the second state, the material can adhere to the first and second elements, and provide a structurally sound bond between the elements. For example, an injection-molded plastic can harden after being applied in step  708 . Process  700  can end at step  712 . 
       FIG. 8  is a flowchart of an illustrative process for connecting conductive elements in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Process  800  can begin at step  802 . At step  804 , conductive elements can be provided. For example, two or more conductive elements can be manufactured using any suitable process including, for example, machining, forging, working, stamping, or combinations of these. In some embodiments, one or more features can be incorporated in or on an internal surface of a conductive element, where the conductive elements are disposed in the component such that the internal surfaces face each other. At step  806 , the conductive elements can be placed in a mold such that internal surfaces of the conductive elements are exposed within the mold volume. For example, the conductive elements can be placed in a mold such that material injected in the mold can come into contact with the internal surfaces. At step  808 , material can be injected in the mold. For example, a plastic material can be injected in the mold. In some cases, a different insulating or dielectric material can be inserted in the mold. At step  810 , the injected material can cool to securely connect the conductive elements and form the component. For example, a forced cooling system can be used to cool the injected material. Process  800  can then end at step  812 . 
     The approaches described above can be used in connection with any electronic device component. For example, these approaches can be used in connection with an outer periphery member, as described in  FIG. 1 . In particular, these approaches can be used to provide distinct elements  110 ,  120  and  130  ( FIG. 1 ) using a conductive material, where the distinct elements serve as part of different electrical circuits. To electrically isolate all of the elements, intermediate elements  114 ,  124  and  134  ( FIG. 1 ) can be constructed from insulating or dielectric materials, as discussed above. 
     In some cases, it may be desirable to provide a non-conductive connection between conductive elements while electrically connecting the conductive elements. For example, a split may be desirable for cosmetic reasons between elements  110  and  130  (e.g., at interface  132 ,  FIG. 1 ), but conductive elements  110  and  130  may both be part of the same circuitry. Any suitable approach can be used to provide a hidden conductive path between the conductive elements.  FIG. 9  is a detailed view of an illustrative interface between conductive elements in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Outer periphery member  900  can include element  910  coupled to element  930  using non-conductive material  934  (e.g., provided by insert molding). To ensure that elements  910  and  930  are electrically coupled, one or both of the elements (e.g., element  930 ) can include arm  932  extending from element  930  within the volume enclosed by outer periphery member  900  (e.g., along a surface opposite an external surface of the outer periphery member). Arm  932  can extend across the gap between elements  910  and  930  (e.g., over material  934 ) and connect to the inner surface of element  910 , for example as a lap joint. Any suitable conductive coupling process can be used to connect arm  932  to element  910  including, for example, welding, soldering, a conductive adhesive, or combinations of these. In some embodiments, the connection between arm  932  and element  910  can provide a structurally sound bond between arm  932  and element  910 . In such cases, material  934  may simply serve as a cosmetic surface, and not provide a structural bond connecting the arm and element together. 
     In some embodiments, one or more internal components of an electronic device can include conductive elements used in different electrical circuits that are connected using a non-conductive intermediate element.  FIG. 10  is a schematic view of an illustrative internal platform that can be used in an electronic device in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Internal platform  1000  can be placed within an electronic device to support or retain electrical components. Internal platform  1000  can include several distinct conductive plates (e.g., metal plates), including base plate  1010 , top step  1012 , and bottom step  1014 . The plate and steps can have any suitable size including, for example, a large plate cover a substantial portion of the volume enclosed by an outer periphery member (e.g., 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% or 90%). Alternatively, the entire internal platform  1000  can cover only a portion of the volume enclosed by an outer periphery member (e.g., 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or more). The steps can be substantially smaller than the plate including, for example, serving as tabs to ground portions of internal platform  1000 . 
     Each of the plates and steps can be constructed from the same or different material including, for example, from a same conductive material (e.g., from a metal). In some embodiments, one or more of the steps can be incorporated in the same piece of material used to form the plate. For example, step  1014  can include a stepped-up region of plate  1010 . Alternatively, a step can be constructed from a different piece of material than the plate. For example, step  1012  can be constructed from a different piece of material that plate  1010 . Plate  1010  and steps  1012  and  1014  can be placed in the same or different planes. In one implementation, base plate  1010  can be placed at a first level, while steps  1012  and  1014  can be offset relative to base plate  1010  (e.g., stepped up towards the front surface of the device). Steps  1012  and  1014  can be stepped by any suitable amount including, for example, a substantially identical amount (e.g., such that steps  1012  and  1014  are substantially in the same plane). For example, steps  1012  and  1014  can be positioned such that the front surfaces of the step are flush or slightly sub flush relative to a front surface of an outer periphery member, to which the steps are connected. Breaks in internal platform  1000  for distinguishing between plate  1010  and steps  1012  and  1014  can be provided at any suitable position. For example, the breaks can be located as part of the stepped up surface, as the step, or on the plate. In some embodiments, the distinction between a plate and step can be arbitrary because the step and plate are constructed from a single piece of material. 
     Plate  1010  and steps  1012  and  1014  can be at least partially electrically isolated to ensure that elements of an outer periphery member remain electrically isolated (e.g., to guarantee antenna performance). For example, step  1012  can be connected to plate  1010 , or to a stepped up portion of plate  1010  using connecting element  1020 . Connecting element  1020  can be constructed from any suitable material, including for example a suitable insulating material (e.g., plastic injection molded between step  1012  and plate  1010 ). As another example, step  1014  can be incorporated as part of the piece of material used to form plate  1010 , and can therefore be electrically connected to the plate. Step  1014  can include connecting element  1022  placed on a front surface of the step, for example mirroring connecting element  1020 . In particular, connecting elements  1020  and  1022  can be positioned to extend forward from a front surface of an outer periphery member. Connecting elements  1020  and  1022  can be provided using any suitable approach, including for example by molding material (e.g., plastic) between the plate and the steps, or on a surface of one or more of the plate and steps. Connecting elements  1020  and  1022  can have any suitable shape including, for example, a planar shape or a three-dimensional shape (e.g., including a step to connect plate  1010  to one or more of steps  1012  and  1014  positioned in different planes). Elements  1020  and  1022  can form distinct elements, or can instead be different portions of a continuous element. In some embodiments, connecting elements  1020  and  1022  can be connected to the outer periphery member in a manner that electrically isolates different sections of plate  1010  (e.g., as shown, for example, in  FIG. 10 ). Alternatively, connecting elements  1020  and  1022  can be provided in a manner to electrically insulate different sections of an outer periphery member (e.g., insulate elements  1110  and  1120 ,  FIG. 11 , but only in the vicinity of step  1014 , as required for antenna performance). 
     Internal platform  1000  can be coupled to the outer periphery member using any suitable approach. In some embodiments, portions of plate  1010  and steps  1012  and  1014  can extend beyond the edges of connecting elements  1020  and  1022  so that the internal platform can be coupled to the outer periphery member via the metal plate and steps.  FIG. 11  is a schematic view of the illustrative internal platform of  FIG. 10  coupled to an outer periphery member in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Internal platform  1000  can be coupled to outer periphery member  1100  using any suitable approach. In some embodiments, the metal elements of the internal platform can be coupled to the metal outer periphery member for grounding or antenna performance. For example, exposed metal surfaces of plate  1010  and steps  1012  can be coupled to outer periphery member  1100  using welding, soldering, or any other connection process that maintains conductivity. Alternatively, one or more of heat staking, an adhesive, tape, a fastener, or other non-conductive connection processes can be used. When a conductive process is used, such as welds  1030  (e.g., laser welds), the welds can be distributed such that the outer periphery member elements that are to remain electrically isolated remain isolated. In particular, welds  1030  along plate  1010  can be positioned such that small L-shaped element  1120  is electrically isolated from large L-shaped element  1110  and U-shaped element  1130 . Alternatively, if it is important for small shaped element  1120  and large shaped element  1110  to be electrically insulated only in the vicinity of the interface between the elements, welds  1030  can be distributed such that an electrically conductive path exists between elements  1110  and  1120  through plate  1010 , and not through step  1014 . 
     Internal platform  1000  can be coupled to any suitable portion of outer periphery member  1100 . For example, internal platform  1000  can be assembled within the height of outer periphery member  1100  (e.g., based on the position of contact points or regions of the outer periphery member). The distribution of the contact points can be selected based on structural considerations including, for example, based on a desired resistance to torsion or bending. In particular, the electronic device can include at least four contact points or regions distributed within outer periphery member  1100  (e.g., near the corners of the outer periphery member). As another example, internal platform  1000  can include contact regions along the straight portions of outer periphery member  1100  (e.g., along the edges of plate  1010 ). As still another example, stepped regions of internal platform  1000  (e.g., elements  1020  and  1022 ) can be coupled to the front or back surfaces of outer periphery member  1100  (e.g., on opposite portions of the front or back surfaces). In some embodiments, outer periphery member  1100  can include one or more tabs or extensions for supporting internal platform  1000  (e.g., tabs on which the platform is soldered or welded). 
     In some embodiments, internal platform  1000  can be placed within the height of outer periphery member  1100  such that components can be placed on both the front and back surfaces of internal platform  1000 . For example, some components can be inserted from a back surface, and some components can be inserted from a front surface. The components can be coupled to an internal platform for security, and can instead or in addition be electrically connected to each other through an opening in the internal platform. In some embodiments, some components can first be coupled to back and front cover assemblies, respectively, before being inserted in an internal volume and coupled to an outer periphery member. In effect, by its position internal platform  1000  can define back and front pockets or regions within the volume in which electronic device components can be placed. The size of each pocket or region can be determined based on any suitable criteria including, for example, the number and size of components to place in each region, the required position of internal platform  1000  relative to the outer periphery member (e.g., if available positions are limited due to structural requirements), or combinations of these. The components can be coupled to internal platform  1000  for security, and can instead, or in addition, be electrically connected to each other through an opening in internal platform  1000 . Internal platform  1000  can include any suitable feature for securing or connecting electronic device components, such as one or more snaps, prongs, chamfers, extends, openings, access points, doors, or combinations of these. In some cases, internal platform  1000  can include one or more dedicated features for receiving or securing specific electrical components, such as speakers, microphones, audio jacks, cameras, light sources, chips, or combinations of these. 
     The previously described embodiments are presented for purposes of illustration and not of limitation. It is understood that one or more features of an embodiment can be combined with one or more features of another embodiment to provide systems and/or methods without deviating from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20190514
Publication Date: 20200526
Grant Date: 20200526
Priority Date: 20100202
Inventors: MYERS, SCOTT A.
PASCOLINI, MATTIA
DINH, RICHARD HUNG MINH
WEBER, TRENT
SCHLUB, ROBERT
NICKEL, JOSH
HILL, ROBERT
JIN, NANBO
TAN, TANG YEW
Assignee: APPLE INC
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Family ID: 44340637