PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-12185262-B2
Application Number: US-202017593080-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Channel raster and synchronization signal raster for NR unlicensed spectrum

Abstract:
Systems and methods for determining channel raster(s) and synchronization signal raster(s) for New Radio (NR) unlicensed spectrum are disclosed herein. For each of a plurality of data objects an NR channel raster position is determined using Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (NR-ARFCN) numbers. For each corresponding NR channel. Global Synchronization Channel Numbers (GSCNs), a number of Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs) based on channel subcarrier spacing (SCS). NR channel raster position placement, channel edges, synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel (SSB) edges, and an SSB raster position are calculated. The plurality of data objects may then be down selected based on e.g., corresponding Long Term Evolution (LTE) channel raster positions and/or entries of a second plurality of data objects calculated for NR channels that use a second SCS.

Claims:
The invention claimed is: 
     
       1. An apparatus for a transceiver configured for multiple cell communication through a plurality of New Radio (NR) channels, the apparatus for determining a plurality of data objects, each data object corresponding to an NR channel using a first subcarrier spacing (SCS) and comprising an NR channel raster position and an Synchronization Signal and Physical Broadcast Channel (SSB) raster position for each NR channel, the apparatus comprising:
 a processor; and 
 a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, configure the apparatus to: 
 determine, for each data object, the NR channel raster position, wherein the NR channel raster position comprises a Radio Frequency (RF) reference frequency calculated using an Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (NR-ARFCN); 
 remove, from the plurality of data objects, each data object that comprises an NR channel raster position that does not match an NR channel raster position of any data object of a second plurality of data objects, the second plurality of data objects each corresponding to an NR channel using a second SCS; 
 calculate Global Synchronization Channel Number (GSCN) values for the NR channel corresponding to each data object; 
 determine a number of Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs) of the NR channel (N RB ) corresponding to each data object based on the first SCS and a bandwidth of the given NR channel; 
 determine a placement for the NR channel raster position of each data object; 
 compute edges of each NR channel corresponding to each data object based on a center frequency of the given NR channel and the placement of the NR channel raster position of the data object; 
 calculate the edges of an SSB of the NR channel corresponding to each data object based on the edges of the given NR channel; 
 determine the SSB raster position of each data object based on the edges of the SSB of the NR channel corresponding to the data object; and 
 perform the multiple cell communication, through the transceiver, using the plurality of NR channels based on the plurality of data objects. 
 
     
     
       2. The apparatus of  claim 1 , wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, further configure the apparatus to remove, from the plurality of data objects, all but a remaining one of the plurality of data objects that comprise an NR channel raster position corresponding to a same Long Term Evolution (LTE) channel raster position. 
     
     
       3. The apparatus of  claim 2 , wherein the remaining one of the plurality of data objects that comprises an NR channel raster position that corresponds to the same LTE channel raster position is selected to remain because the N RB  of the NR channel corresponding to the data object that is equal to or greater than an N RB  of the NR channel corresponding to each of the other of the plurality of data objects that comprise an NR channel raster position that corresponds to the same LTE channel raster position. 
     
     
       4. The apparatus of  claim 1 , wherein the RF reference frequencies are calculated using a formula
     F   REF   =F   REF-Offs   +ΔF   Global ( N   REF   −N   REF-Offs ) 
 wherein: 
 F REF  is the given RF reference frequency; 
 F REF-Offs  is a reference frequency offset; 
 ΔF Global  is a granularity of a global frequency raster; 
 N REF  is the NR-ARFCN for the given reference frequency; and 
 N REF -Offs is an NR-ARFCN offset. 
 
     
     
       5. The apparatus of  claim 1 , wherein the N RBS  are determined according to the following table: 
       
         
           
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
               
                     
                 
                     
                   5 
                   10 
                   15 
                   20 
                   25 
                   30 
                   40 
                   50 
                   60 
                   80 
                   90 
                   100 
                 
                   SCS 
                   MHz 
                   MHz 
                   MHz 
                   MHz 
                   MHz 
                   MHz 
                   MHz 
                   MHz 
                   MHz 
                   MHz 
                   MHz 
                   MHz 
                 
                   (kHz) 
                   N RB   
                   N RB   
                   N RB   
                   N RB   
                   N RB   
                   N RB   
                   N RB   
                   N RB   
                   N RB   
                   N RB   
                   N RB   
                   N RB   
                 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
               
                   15 
                   25 
                   52 
                   79 
                   106 
                   133 
                   160 
                   216 
                   270 
                   N/A 
                   N/A 
                   N/A 
                   N/A 
                 
                   30 
                   11 
                   24 
                   38 
                   51 
                   65 
                   78 
                   106 
                   133 
                   162 
                   217 
                   245 
                   273  
                 
                   60 
                   N/A 
                   11 
                   18 
                   24 
                   31 
                   38 
                   51 
                   65 
                   79 
                   107 
                   121 
                   135. 
                 
                     
                 
             
                
                
                
                
                
               
               
                
               
            
             
                
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       6. The apparatus of  claim 1 , wherein the placement of the NR channel raster position of each data object comprises:
 a physical resource block (PRB) number of a PRB of the NR channel corresponding to the data object comprising the NR channel raster position; and 
 a resource element index for a resource element corresponding to the NR channel raster position within the PRB. 
 
     
     
       7. The apparatus of  claim 6 , wherein the resource element index for the resource element corresponding to the NR channel raster position within the PRB is determinable based on whether the number of PRBs for the NR channel corresponding to the data object comprising the NR channel raster position is even or odd. 
     
     
       8. The apparatus of  claim 1 , wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, further configure the apparatus to:
 calculate an Occupied Channel BW (OCB) of each NR channel corresponding to each data object; and 
 determine whether a minimum guardband is available for each NR channel corresponding to each data object on both edges of the OCB of the given channel. 
 
     
     
       9. A method for communication through a transceiver based on determining a plurality of data objects, each data object corresponding to a New Radio (NR) channel using a first subcarrier spacing (SCS) and comprising an NR channel raster position and an Synchronization Signal and Physical Broadcast Channel (SSB) raster position for each NR channel, the method comprising:
 determining, for each data object, the NR channel raster position, wherein the NR channel raster position comprises a Radio Frequency (RF) reference frequency calculated using an Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (NR-ARFCN); 
 removing, from the plurality of data objects, each data object that comprises an NR channel raster position that does not match an NR channel raster position of any data object of a second plurality of data objects, the second plurality of data objects each corresponding to an NR channel using a second SCS; 
 calculating Global Synchronization Channel Number (GSCN) values for the NR channel corresponding to each data object; 
 determining a number of Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs) of the NR channel (N RB ) corresponding to each data object based on the first SCS and a bandwidth of the given NR channel; 
 determining a placement for the NR channel raster position of each data object; 
 computing edges of each NR channel corresponding to each data object based on a center frequency of the given NR channel and the placement of the NR channel raster position of the data object; 
 calculating the edges of an SSB of the NR channel corresponding to each data object based on the edges of the given NR channel; 
 determining the SSB raster position of each data object based on the edges of the SSB of the NR channel corresponding to the data object; and 
 performing the communication, through the transceiver, based on one or more of the plurality of data objects. 
 
     
     
       10. The method of  claim 9 , further comprising, removing, from the plurality of data objects, all but a remaining one of the plurality of data objects that comprise an NR channel raster position corresponding to a same Long Term Evolution (LTE) channel raster position. 
     
     
       11. The method of  claim 10 , wherein the remaining one of the plurality of data objects that comprises an NR channel raster position that corresponds to the same LTE channel raster position is selected to remain because the N RB  of the NR channel corresponding to the data object that is equal to or greater than an N RB  of the NR channel corresponding to each of the other of the plurality of data objects that comprise an NR channel raster position that corresponds to the same LTE channel raster position. 
     
     
       12. The method of  claim 9 , wherein the RF reference frequencies are calculated using a formula
     F   REF   =F   REF-Offs   +ΔF   Global ( N   REF   −N   REF-Offs ) 
 wherein: 
 F REF  is the given RF reference frequency; 
 F REF-Offs  is a reference frequency offset; 
 ΔF Global  is a granularity of a global frequency raster; 
 N REF  is the NR-ARFCN for the given reference frequency; and 
 N REF-Offs  is an NR-ARFCN offset. 
 
     
     
       13. The method of  claim 9 , wherein the N RBS  are determined according to the following table: 
       
         
           
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
               
                     
                 
                     
                   5 
                   10 
                   15 
                   20 
                   25 
                   30 
                   40 
                   50 
                   60 
                   80 
                   90 
                   100 
                 
                   SCS 
                   MHz 
                   MHz 
                   MHz 
                   MHz 
                   MHz 
                   MHz 
                   MHz 
                   MHz 
                   MHz 
                   MHz 
                   MHz 
                   MHz 
                 
                   (kHz) 
                   N RB   
                   N RB   
                   N RB   
                   N RB   
                   N RB   
                   N RB   
                   N RB   
                   N RB   
                   N RB   
                   N RB   
                   N RB   
                   N RB   
                 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
               
                   15 
                   25 
                   52 
                   79 
                   106 
                   133 
                   160 
                   216 
                   270 
                   N/A 
                   N/A 
                   N/A 
                   N/A 
                 
                   30 
                   11 
                   24 
                   38 
                   51 
                   65 
                   78 
                   106 
                   133 
                   162 
                   217 
                   245 
                   273  
                 
                   60 
                   N/A 
                   11 
                   18 
                   24 
                   31 
                   38 
                   51 
                   65 
                   79 
                   107 
                   121 
                   135. 
                 
                     
                 
             
                
                
                
                
                
               
               
                
               
            
             
                
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       14. The method of  claim 9 , wherein the placement of the NR channel raster position of each data object comprises:
 a physical resource block (PRB) number of a PRB of the NR channel corresponding to the data object comprising the NR channel raster position; and 
 a resource element index for a resource element corresponding to the NR channel raster position within the PRB. 
 
     
     
       15. The method of  claim 14 , wherein the resource element index for the resource element corresponding to the NR channel raster position within the PRB is determinable based on whether the number of PRBs for the NR channel corresponding to the data object comprising the NR channel raster position is even or odd. 
     
     
       16. The method of  claim 9 , further comprising:
 calculating an Occupied Channel BW (OCB) of each NR channel corresponding to each data object; and 
 determining whether a minimum guardband is available for each NR channel corresponding to each data object on both edges of the OCB of the given channel.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S) 
     This application is a national stage filing under 35 U.S.C. § 371 of International Patent Application No. PCT/US2020/032736 filed May 13, 2020, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/847,770 filed May 14, 2019, entitled “CHANNEL RASTER AND SYNCHRONIZATION SIGNAL RASTER FOR NR UNLICENSED SPECTRUM,” each of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This application relates generally to wireless communication systems, and more specifically to channel raster and synchronization signal raster use for New Radio unlicensed spectrum. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Wireless mobile communication technology uses various standards and protocols to transmit data between a base station and a wireless mobile device. Wireless communication system standards and protocols can include the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) long term evolution (LTE) (e.g., 4G) or new radio (NR) (e.g., 5G); the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.16 standard, which is commonly known to industry groups as worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX); and the IEEE 802.11 standard for wireless local area networks (WLAN), which is commonly known to industry groups as Wi-Fi. In 3GPP radio access networks (RANs) in LTE systems, the base station can include a RAN Node such as a Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) Node B (also commonly denoted as evolved Node B, enhanced Node B, eNodeB, or eNB) and/or Radio Network Controller (RNC) in an E-UTRAN, which communicate with a wireless communication device, known as user equipment (UE). In fifth generation (5G) wireless RANs, RAN Nodes can include a 5G Node, NR node (also referred to as a next generation Node B or g Node B (gNB)). 
     RANs use a radio access technology (RAT) to communicate between the RAN Node and UE. RANs can include global system for mobile communications (GSM), enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE) RAN (GERAN), Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN), and/or E-UTRAN, which provide access to communication services through a core network. Each of the RANs operates according to a specific 3GPP RAT. For example, the GERAN implements GSM and/or EDGE RAT, the UTRAN implements universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) RAT or other 3GPP RAT, the E-UTRAN implements LTE RAT, and NG-RAN implements 5G RAT. In certain deployments, the E-UTRAN may also implement 5G RAT. 
     Frequency bands for 5G NR may be separated into two different frequency ranges. Frequency Range 1 (FR1) includes sub-6 GHz frequency bands, some of which are bands that may be used by previous standards, but may potentially be extended to cover potential new spectrum offerings from 410 MHz to 7125 MHz. Frequency Range 2 (FR2) includes frequency bands from 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz. Bands in the millimeter wave (mmWave) range of FR2 have shorter range but higher available bandwidth than bands in the FR1. Skilled persons will recognize these frequency ranges, which are provided by way of example, may change from time to time or from region to region. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The patent or application file contains at least one drawing executed in color. Copies of this patent or patent application publication with color drawing(s) will be provided by the Office upon request and payment of the necessary fee. 
       To easily identify the discussion of any particular element or act, the most significant digit or digits in a reference number refer to the figure number in which that element is first introduced. 
         FIG.  1    illustrates a diagram of two adjacent New Radio (NR) cells operating with 15 kHz subcarrier spacing (SCS) that are placed in the center of the 20 MHz band. 
         FIG.  2    illustrates a diagram of two adjacent New Radio (NR) cells operating with a 30 kHz subcarrier spacing (SCS) that are placed in the center of the 20 MHz band. 
         FIG.  3    illustrates a diagram of a pair of New Radio (NR) channels having channel raster positions and synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel (SSB) raster positions calculated using methods disclosed herein 
         FIG.  4    illustrates a method of determining characteristics of an New Radio (NR) channel according to embodiments disclosed herein. 
         FIG.  5    illustrates an example service based architecture in accordance with certain embodiments. 
         FIG.  6    illustrates a UE in accordance with one embodiment. 
         FIG.  7    illustrates a network node in accordance with one embodiment. 
         FIG.  8    illustrates components in accordance with one embodiment. 
         FIGS.  9 A through  9 C  illustrate a Table 8 for one example of channel raster entries for 30 KHz, according to embodiments discussed herein. 
         FIGS.  10 A through  10 C  illustrate a Table 9 for one example of SSB raster entries for 30 KHz, according to embodiments discussed herein. 
         FIGS.  11 A through  11 C  illustrate a Table 12 that shows NR channel raster entries that could be applicable for both 30 KHz data subcarrier operation, according to embodiments discussed herein. 
         FIGS.  12 A through  12 C  illustrate a Table 13 that shows NR channel raster entries that could be applicable for both 30 kHz and 15 KHz data subcarrier operation, according to embodiments discussed herein. 
         FIGS.  13 A through  13 C  illustrate a Table 14 that shows NR channel raster entries that could be applicable for both 30 kHz and 15 KHz data subcarrier operation, according to embodiments discussed herein. 
         FIGS.  14 A through  14 C  illustrate a Table 15 for down selection, according to embodiments discussed herein. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers may be used in different drawings to identify the same or similar elements. In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth such as particular structures, architectures, interfaces, techniques, etc. in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various aspects of various embodiments. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the present disclosure that the various aspects of the various embodiments may be practiced in other examples that depart from these specific details. In certain instances, descriptions of well-known devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the various embodiments with unnecessary detail. For the purposes of the present document, the phrase “A or B” means (A), (B), or (A and B). 
     LTE channel raster are center frequency positions in which wireless system can deploy a cell. These are the center frequency of the carrier and may correspond to the DC subcarrier of the cell. In unlicensed bands, LTE channel raster are in units of non-overlapping 20 MHz, with two non-overlapping 20 MHz usually adjacent to each other (without any frequency gap between). More specifically, the LTE channel raster are on {5160, 5180, 5200, 5220, 5240, 5260, 5280, 5300, 5320, 5340} MHz for the UNII-1 band, {5480, 5500, 5520, 5540, 5560, 5580, 5600, 5620, 5640, 5660, 5680, 5700, 5720} MHz for the UNII-2 band, and {5745, 5765, 5785, 5805, 5825, 5845, 5865, 5885, 5905} MHz for the UNII-3 band. 
     Radio Frequency (RF) reference frequencies are designated by an NR Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (NR-ARFCN) in the range [0 . . . 3279165] on the global frequency raster (i.e., the NR channel raster). The relation between the NR-ARFCN and the RF reference frequency F REF  in MHz is given by the following equation, where F REF-Offs  and N REF-Offs  are given in following table and N REF  is the NR-ARFCN:
 
 F   REF   =F   REF-Offs   +ΔF   Global ( N   REF   −N   REF-Offs )
 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 NR-ARFCN Parameters for the Global Frequency Raster 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Frequency  
                 ΔF Global    
                 F REF-Offs    
                   
                 Range of  
               
               
                 range (MHz) 
                 (kHz) 
                 (MHz) 
                 N REF-Offs   
                 N REF   
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                  0-3000 
                 5 
                 0 
                 0 
                    0-599999 
               
               
                 3000-24250 
                 15 
                 3000 
                 600000 
                  600000-2016666 
               
               
                 24250-100000 
                 60 
                 24250.08 
                 2016667 
                 2016667-3279165 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The channel raster defines a subset of RF reference frequencies that can be used to identify the RF channel position in the uplink and downlink. The RF reference frequency for an RF channel maps to a resource element on the carrier. The mapping between the RF reference frequency on the channel raster and the corresponding resource element is given in Table 2 and can be used to identify the RF channel position. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Channel Raster to Resource Element Mapping 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 N RB mod2 = 0 
                 N RB mod2 = 1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Resource element index k 
                 0 
                 6 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Physical resource block number n PRB   
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           n 
                           
                             P 
                             ⁢ 
                             R 
                             ⁢ 
                             B 
                           
                         
                         = 
                         
                           ⌊ 
                           
                             
                               N 
                               
                                 R 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 B 
                               
                             
                             2 
                           
                           ⌋ 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           n 
                           
                             P 
                             ⁢ 
                             R 
                             ⁢ 
                             B 
                           
                         
                         = 
                         
                           ⌊ 
                           
                             
                               N 
                               
                                 R 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 B 
                               
                             
                             2 
                           
                           ⌋ 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The mapping depends on the total number of resource blocks (RBs) that are allocated in the channel and applies to both uplink (UL) and downlink (DL). The mapping must apply to at least one numerology supported by the base station (BS). Additionally, k is the subcarrier index (or resource element index in the frequency domain), n PRB  is the physical resource block (PRB) index, and N RB  (also denoted herein as N_RB or N RB ) is the number of PRBs in the cell. 
     The synchronization raster indicates the frequency positions of the synchronization block that can be used by the UE for system acquisition when explicit signaling of the synchronization block position is not present. A global synchronization raster is defined for all frequencies. The frequency position of the Synchronization Signal (SS) block is defined as SS REF  with a corresponding Global Synchronization Channel Number (GSCN). The parameters defining the SS REF  and GSCN for all the frequency ranges are in Table 3. The synchronization raster and the subcarrier spacing of the synchronization block are defined separately for each band. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 GSCN Parameter for Global Frequency Raster 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Frequency range 
                 SS block frequency position SS REF   
                 GSCN 
                 Range of GSCN 
               
               
                   
               
               
                     0-3000 MHz 
                 N * 1200 kHz + M * 50 kHz, 
                 3 N + (M-3)/2 
                   2-7498 
               
               
                   
                 N = 1:2499, M ϵ {1, 3, 5} (Note) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   3000-24250 MHz 
                 3000 MHz + N * 1.44 MHz 
                 7499 + N 
                  7499-22255 
               
               
                   
                 N = 0:14756 
                   
                   
               
               
                 24250-100000 MHz 
                 24250.08 MHz + N * 17.28 MHz 
                 22256 + N  
                 22256-26639 
               
               
                   
                 N = 0:4383 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 NOTE: 
               
               
                 The default value for operating bands with SCS spaced channel raster is M = 3. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The mapping between the synchronization raster and the corresponding resource element of the SS block is given in Table 4. The mapping depends on the total number of RBs that are allocated in the channel and applies to both UL and DL. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 Synchronization Raster to SS block Resource Element Mapping 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Resource element index k of the SS block 
                 0 
               
               
                 Physical resource block number n PRB  of the SS block 
                 n PRB  = 10 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Due to the granularity of the NR channel raster frequency locations, it is not possible, without modification, to perfectly align them with LTE channel raster for the same unlicensed band. However, due to coexistence between Wi-Fi systems and LTE Unlicensed systems that may be operating in the same band, NR unlicensed systems may find it beneficial to use similar if not identical channel raster entries. 
     It may be possible to change the NR channel raster positions for the unlicensed band such that they are identical to the LTE channel raster positions. However, in such deployments (with the same LTE channel raster positions) due to required guard bands for NR cells, two adjacent cells cannot be placed on the same subcarrier grid nor same PRB grids. This can be easily seen in illustrations in  FIG.  1    and  FIG.  2   .  FIG.  1    illustrates a diagram  100  of two adjacent NR cells operating with a 15 kHz subcarrier spacing that are placed in the center of the 20 MHz band. In such a case, the gap between two occupied frequencies is not divisible by the operated subcarrier spacing, which is 15 kHz. 
     An analogous situation is shown in  FIG.  2   .  FIG.  2    illustrates a diagram  200  of two adjacent NR cells operating with a 30 kHz subcarrier spacing that are placed in the center of the 20 MHz band. In this case, the subcarrier grid (which is the regular pattern and period of center of subcarrier positions) between the two cells would not be aligned and therefore, the transceiver would may not be able to perform a single inverse FFT and FFT operation to process signals from two cells simultaneously. (Note that in  FIG.  1    and  FIG.  2   , the “center” of the 20 MHz band does not necessary mean exactly in the center so as to have same guard bandwidths at either edges of the bandwidth. The center of the NR carrier will be shifted by ½ subcarrier due to the fact that there is always even number of subcarriers. Accordingly, to position the channel raster position in the center of subcarrier, the entire bandwidth will be shifted by ½ subcarrier.) 
     Accordingly, the selection of the NR channel raster positions becomes an important factor in allowing support of subcarrier and PRB grid alignment, in order to enable efficient transceiver design for multiple component carrier operations (i.e. multiple cell operations). 
     In addition, the process of selecting NR channel raster positions also needs to factor into account synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel (referred to herein as SSB and/or SS Block) raster entries (also referred to herein as SSB raster entries, SSB raster positions, SSB raster values, SSB raster points, and/or SS rasters). SSB raster entries are the center of the SSB that needs to be positioned within the cell. The subcarrier grid of the SSB also needs to be aligned with subcarrier grid of the rest of the cell to insure orthogonal transmission of SSB and rest of the system, when same subcarrier spacing is used for both. Therefore, the combination of the SSB raster position and NR channel raster position should be selected such that the operating cell fits within the 20 MHz LTE channels (to enable efficient coexistence), allow subcarrier and PRB grid alignment between cells, and allow subcarrier (and possibly PRB grid) alignment between SSB and rest of the signals and channels of the cell. 
     This process is not trivial and requires significant engineering work. This disclosure address how the NR channel and SSB raster entries can be chosen, and proposed channel and SSB raster entries that provide numerous benefits to transceiver design. 
     There are no known solutions that address PRB grid alignment between cells, PRB grid alignment between SSB and rest of the signal/channel of the cell, and alignment of 20 MHz channel deployments between LTE, NR, and Wi-Fi systems. 
     The proposed NR channel and SSB raster entries would allow cells deployed in carrier aggregation to be implemented using a single FFT (and inverse FFT) in the transceivers. Additionally, by also supporting PRB grid alignment between cells and PRB grid alignment between SSB and rest of the signals in the channel, it would allow efficient use of spectrum and simplify transceiver implementation even further. 
     The NR channel raster is given as F REF =F REF-Offs +ΔF Global  (N REF −N REF-Offs ), where the ΔF Global =15 kHz, F REF-Offs =3000 MHZ, and N REF-Offs =600000. 
     The N REF  for a system operating with 30 kHz is selected among the set of {744000, 745344, 746664, 748008, 749328, 750672, 751992, 753336, 754656, 754668, 754680, 756000, 765336, 766656, 766668, 766680, 768000, 769344, 770664, 772008, 773328, 774672, 775992, 777336, 778656, 778668, 778680, 780000, 781344, 783000, 784344, 785664, 787008, 788328, 789672, 790992, 792336, 793656, 793668, 793680, 744660, 746004, 747324, 748668, 749988, 750000, 750012, 751332, 752676, 753996, 755340, 765996, 767340, 768660, 770004, 771324, 772668, 773988, 774000, 774012, 775332, 776676, 777996, 779340, 780660, 783660, 785004, 786324, 787668, 788988, 789000, 789012, 790332, 791676, 792996}. 
     The N REF  for system operating with 15 kHz is selected among set of {744000, 744006, 745344, 746664, 746670, 748008, 749328, 749334, 750672, 751992, 51998, 753336, 754656, 754662, 756000, 756006, 765336, 766656, 766662, 768000, 768006, 69344, 770664, 770670, 772008, 773328, 773334, 774672, 775992, 775998, 777336, 78656, 778662, 780000, 780006, 781344, 783000, 783006, 784344, 785664, 785670, 787008, 788328, 788334, 789672, 790992, 790998, 792336, 793656, 793662, 744660, 744666, 746004, 747324, 47330, 748668, 749988, 749994, 750000, 750012, 751332, 751338, 752676, 753996, 754002, 755340, 765996, 766002, 767340, 768660, 768666, 770004, 771324, 771330, 772668, 773988, 773994, 774000, 774012, 775332, 775338, 776676, 777996, 778002, 779340, 780660, 780666, 783660, 783666, 785004, 786324, 786330, 787668, 788988, 788994, 789000, 789012, 790332, 790338, 791676, 792996, 793002} 
     The SSB raster is given by “3000 MHz+N*1.44 MHz”, where N is a value from range 0 to 14756 and GSCN is given as “7499+N”. The GSCN is selected as K+a value from set {8996, 9010, 9023, 9037, 9051, 9065, 9079, 9093, 9107, 9121, 9218, 9232, 9232, 9232, 9246, 9260, 9273, 9287, 9301, 9315, 9329, 9343, 9357, 9357, 9357, 9371, 9385, 9402, 9416, 9430, 9444, 9457, 9471, 9485, 9499, 9513, 9513, 9513, 8996, 9010, 9023, 9037, 9051, 9065, 9079, 9093, 9107, 9218, 9232, 9246, 9260, 9273, 9287}, where K=0 . . . 6. 
     This disclosure allows simplified transceiver implementation that would save power consumption and reduce initial access acquisition (e.g., the time it takes to find suitable cell(s)) latency for NR in an unlicensed spectrum. 
     Possible channel and SSB raster entries that provide benefits to transceiver implementation may be computed as follows: 
     Calculate NR-ARFCN values between 5-6 GHz (Unlicensed Spectrum) using the formula F REF =F REF-Offs +ΔF Global  (N REF −N REF-Offs ). 
     Calculate GSCN values on a 1.44 MHz (or a multiple of 1.44 MHz) grid using the formula, 3000 MHz+N*1.44 MHz, where N=0:14756. Note: The NR-ARFCN values are placed on a 15/30/60 kHz grid. In LTE, the channels were placed on a 100 kHz grid. The NR channel center frequency values should be as close to the LTE channel center frequencies as possible. 
     Based on subcarrier spacing and channel bandwidth, the maximum transmission bandwidth is determined. The following table may be used for this purpose. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Maximum transmission bandwidth configuration N RB   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 5 
                 10 
                 15 
                 20 
                 25 
                 30 
                 40 
                 50 
                 60 
                 80 
                 90 
                 100 
               
               
                 SCS 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
               
               
                 (kHz) 
                 N RB   
                 N RB   
                 N RB   
                 N RB   
                 N RB   
                 N RB   
                 N RB   
                 N RB   
                 N RB   
                 N RB   
                 N RB   
                 N RB   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 15 
                 25 
                 52 
                 79 
                 106 
                 133 
                 160 
                 216 
                 270 
                 N/A 
                 N/A 
                 N/A 
                 N/A 
               
               
                 30 
                 11 
                 24 
                 38 
                  51 
                  65 
                  78 
                 106 
                 133 
                 162 
                 217 
                 245 
                 273 
               
               
                 60 
                 N/A 
                 11 
                 18 
                  24 
                  31 
                  38 
                  51 
                  65 
                  79 
                 107 
                 121 
                 135 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The following table is used to determine the placement of the channel raster based on the number of PRBs. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Channel Raster to Resource Element Mapping 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 N RB mod2 = 0 
                 N RB mod2 = 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Resource element index k 
                 0 
                 6 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Physical resource block number n PRB   
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           n 
                           
                             P 
                             ⁢ 
                             R 
                             ⁢ 
                             B 
                           
                         
                         = 
                         
                           ⌊ 
                           
                             
                               N 
                               
                                 R 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 B 
                               
                             
                             2 
                           
                           ⌋ 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           n 
                           
                             P 
                             ⁢ 
                             R 
                             ⁢ 
                             B 
                           
                         
                         = 
                         
                           ⌊ 
                           
                             
                               N 
                               
                                 R 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 B 
                               
                             
                             2 
                           
                           ⌋ 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The edges of the channel and the Occupied Channel BW (OCB) are calculated based on the placement of the channel raster. 
     The SSB block is 20 PRBs wide and is positioned such that the raster lies on the 0th subcarrier of the 10th PRB. The SS Block must lie within the channel. The SSB raster values lie on a 1.44 MHz grid and the channel raster points lie on a 15/30/60 kHz grid. SSB raster points are selected such that they also coincide with the channel raster grid. Raster points are assumed to lie at the center of the subcarrier. 
     Guard band values are calculated from the edges of the channel. Minimum guardband requirement must be met. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Minimum Guardband for Each UE Channel Bandwidth and SCS (kHz) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 SCS 
                 5 
                 10 
                 15 
                 20 
                 25 
                 30 
                 40 
                 50 
                 60 
                 80 
                 90 
                 100 
               
               
                 (kHz) 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 15 
                 242.5 
                  312.5 
                 382.5 
                  452.5 
                  522.5 
                  592.5 
                  552.5 
                  692.5 
                 N/A 
                 N/A 
                 N/A 
                 N/A 
               
               
                 30 
                 505   
                  665   
                 645   
                  805   
                  785   
                  945   
                  905   
                 1045   
                  825 
                  925 
                  885 
                  845 
               
               
                 60 
                 N/A 
                 1010   
                 990   
                 1330   
                 1310   
                 1290   
                 1610   
                 1570   
                 1530 
                 1450 
                 1410 
                 1370 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Note: Calculation of channel, OCB, and guardbands must account for the 1 subcarrier utilized for Channel raster. 
     k SSB  (also denoted herein as k_SSB) is the number of subcarriers between the SSB block edges and the channel edges on both sides of the OCB. Calculate the k SSB  values. 
     The number of PRBs within the channel are calculated by subtracting the guardbands from the OCB. 
       FIG.  3    illustrates a diagram  300  of a pair of NR channels having channel raster positions and SSB raster positions calculated using methods disclosed herein. For example, the NR channels of  FIG.  3    may correspond to calculations made using the process just described. 
     The steps listed above generate all possible channel raster &amp; SSB raster entries which meet the below four criteria: 
     First, the SS block must lie within the occupied channel bandwidth. 
     Second, the PRBs in the SS Block and the Channel must be aligned on the same grid (resulting in k SSB =0). 
     Third, the PRBs in cells in different channels must be aligned on the same PRB grid. This can be checked by making sure the frequency difference between the first subcarriers of the occupied channel bandwidth in different cells are multiple integer of a single PRB bandwidth. 
     Fourth, minimum guardband requirements must be met. 
     Conditions for Down-Selecting Entries from all Possible Channel Raster &amp; SSB Raster Entries 
     The possible channel raster and SSB raster entries that may be computed (e.g., as discussed above) can be further down-selected. The additional down-selection allows for a single NR channel entry per 20 MHz for support, which may significantly simplify the initial access procedures and latency involved in searching for a valid SSB. 
     For the 30 kHz data subcarrier spacing case, an NR channel raster entry point is selected that allows for support for at least 50 PRBs within a 20 MHz. LTE channel band and at least 105 PRBs within a 40 MHz channel band. For the 15 kHz data subcarrier spacing case, an NR channel raster entry point is selected that allows support for at least 104 PRBs within a 20 MHz LTE channel band and at least 214 PRBs within 40 MHz channel band. The determination of whether a certain number of PRBs can be utilized for an NR channel raster entry point can be performed by computing the available guard bands to the left and right of the occupied system bandwidth. The computed guard band must be larger the minimum guard band requirement specified in TS38.101-1 and 38.104. 
     Further, NR channel raster entry points are selected that allow alignment of PRB grids between different component carriers. This may be performed by selecting NR channel raster entry points with a specific number of PRBs that have a multiple integer of 12×30 KHz difference between first subcarriers of the occupied system bandwidth. This may also be performed by choosing channel raster entry points that have multiple integer of 12×2 values of N REF . 
     Further, NR channel raster entry points are selected that allow for PRB grid alignment between SSB PRBs and a common PRB grid. This is equivalent to finding raster entry points that allow the k SSB  parameter to be equal to 0. 
     The conditions regarding alignment of PRB grids between different component carriers and PRB grid alignment between SSB PRBs and a common PRB grid can be simultaneously satisfied if an NR channel raster entry point is selected with a specific number of PRBs that have remainder of 120 kHz when a first subcarrier frequency position of the occupied system bandwidth is divided by 12×30 kHz (or, equivalently, a remainder of N REF  divided by 12×2 is 0). 
     Finally, a set of SSB raster entry points (a range of GSCN values) are found that allow the SSBs to be placed within the occupied system bandwidth when paired with selected NR channel raster entry point with a specific number of PRBs. 
     Down-Selection Process Flow 
     The following condition(s) and/or alternative(s) are used to down-select the entries from all available channel &amp; SSB raster entries: 
     First, the PRB&#39;s of the channel and SS block must be aligned on the same grid. This requirement is met if the OCB starting position is has the same remainder value when divided by “subcarrier spacing*12”. 
     If the first condition is met, channel raster points can be further down-selected to ensure k SSB =0. There are then two alternatives with respect to the number of PRBs: either 1) ensure all channels have same number of PRBs, or 2) select the maximum number of PRBs available, based on SCS. Selecting option 1 aligns the PRBs for 15 kHz and 30 kHz channel spacing using the same channel raster points for 20 MHz and 40 MHz channel bandwidth. 
       FIG.  4    illustrates a method  400  of determining characteristics of an NR channel according to embodiments disclosed herein. The method  400  includes calculating ARFCN and GSCN values in block  402 . 
     The method  400  further includes selecting a number of PRBs based on a SCS in block  404 . 
     The method  400  further includes determining whether the number of PRBs mod 2 is equal to zero (in other words, whether the number of PRBs is even) in decision block  406 . If so the method proceeds to determine that the NR channel raster position lies on an element of a PRB with index k=0 in block  408 . If not, the method proceeds to determine that the NR channel raster position lies on an element of a PRB with index k=6 in block  424 . 
     The method  400  further includes computing NR channel edges and OCB edges based on the NR channel center frequency and the NR channel raster placement in block  410 . 
     The method  400  further includes calculating SS Block edges to ensure that it lies within the NR channel in block  412 . 
     The method  400  further includes ensuring that a minimum guardband is available on both edges of the OCB in block  414 . 
     The method  400  further includes checking if mod (OCB start position, SCS*12)=X to ensure that the PRBs of OCB of different NR channels are PBR grid aligned in block  416 . The method  400  further includes checking if k_SSB=0 in block  418 . 
     The method  400  may further include one of block  420  and block  422 . In block  420 , a maximum number of PRBs may be selected per channel. This may result in maximum spectral efficiency. In block  422  a same number of PRBs is selected per NR channel. This may result in alignment of PRBs for 15 kHz and 30 kHz using the same NR channel raster points (20 MHz and 40 MHz). 
     Example Set of Channel Raster &amp; SSB Raster Entries for 30 kHz 
       FIGS.  9 A through  9 C  illustrate a Table 8  900  and  FIGS.  10 A through  10 C  illustrate a Table 9  1000 , where Table 8  900  and Table 9  1000  are one example of channel and SSB raster entries for 30 KHz. 
     Column LTE Chn Raster [kHz] contain the relevant channel raster entry for LTE, BW column specifies the channel bandwidth that the channel raster entry can be applicable for. In case of 20/60/100 entry, this means that the entry is applicable for 20 MHz, 60 MHz, and 100 MHz. In case of 40/80 entry, this means that entry is applicable for 40 MHz and 80 MHz. NR Chn Raster and NR-ARFCN columns provide the NR channel raster frequency position and its corresponding N REF  value. N_PRB columns shows the number of PRBs that could be used for the channel. SS Raster and GSCN column shows one example position of SSB frequency position and its corresponding GSCN value. It should be noted that any value of GSCN between value specified by Min GSCN and Max GSCN value can be used for the NR channel raster entry (row). It should be further noted that if GSCN (Min GSCN+K) is used for one of the NR channel raster entry, the same value of K should be used for all channel raster entries specified in the tables. 
     k_SSB column provides the k_SSB parameter for the selected SSB raster entry and NR channel raster entry combination. The RB offset (left) and (right) columns provide the number of PRBs that are available to the left and right of the SSB. In the case of a 3 PB Offset left and 27 RB offset right, this means that there are 3 PRB of the lower frequency, followed by SSB (which is 20 PRBs), and followed by 27 PRBs at the higher frequency within the occupied channel bandwidth. In such a case, the Occ. Chn-Start, Occ. Chn-End columns represent the center frequency of the first subcarrier (i.e., the subcarrier with the lowest frequency) of the occupied channel bandwidth and last subcarrier (i.e., the subcarrier with the highest frequency) of the occupied channel bandwidth, respectively. 
     The Left and Right Guard columns represent the leftover guard bands outside the occupied channel bandwidth. The SSB Start and End columns represent the center frequency of the first subcarrier (i.e., the subcarrier with the lowest frequency) of the SSB and last subcarrier (i.e., the subcarrier with the highest frequency) of the SSB, respectively. 
     Example Set of Channel Raster &amp; SSB Raster Entries for 15 kHz 
     Table 10 and Table 11 are one example of channel and SSB raster entries for 15 KHz. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 10 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 LTE Chn 
                   
                 Data 
                 NR Chn 
                 NR- 
                   
                 SS 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Entry 
                 UNII- 
                 Raster 
                   
                 SCS 
                 Raster 
                 ARFCN 
                   
                 Raster 
                   
                 Min 
                 Max 
               
               
                 No. 
                 Band 
                 [kHz] 
                 BW [MHz 
                 [kHz] 
                 [kHz] 
                 (N REF ) 
                 N_PRB 
                 [kHz] 
                 GSCN 
                 GSCN 
                 GSCN 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 101 
                 1 
                 5160000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5160000 
                 744000 
                 104 
                 5154240 
                 8995 
                 8995 
                 9003 
               
               
                 102 
                 1 
                 5160000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5160090 
                 744006 
                 105 
                 5154240 
                 8995 
                 8995 
                 9003 
               
               
                 103 
                 1 
                 5180000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5180160 
                 745344 
                 104 
                 5174400 
                 9009 
                 9009 
                 9017 
               
               
                 104 
                 1 
                 5200000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5199960 
                 746664 
                 104 
                 5194560 
                 9023 
                 9023 
                 9030 
               
               
                 105 
                 1 
                 5200000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5200050 
                 746670 
                 105 
                 5194560 
                 9023 
                 9023 
                 9030 
               
               
                 106 
                 1 
                 5220000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5220120 
                 748008 
                 104 
                 5214720 
                 9037 
                 9037 
                 9044 
               
               
                 107 
                 1 
                 5240000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5239920 
                 749328 
                 104 
                 5234880 
                 9051 
                 9051 
                 9058 
               
               
                 108 
                 1 
                 5240000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5240010 
                 749334 
                 105 
                 5234880 
                 9051 
                 9051 
                 9058 
               
               
                 109 
                 1 
                 5260000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5260080 
                 750672 
                 104 
                 5255040 
                 9065 
                 9065 
                 9072 
               
               
                 110 
                 1 
                 5280000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5279880 
                 751992 
                 104 
                 5275200 
                 9079 
                 9079 
                 9086 
               
               
                 111 
                 1 
                 5280000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5279970 
                 751998 
                 105 
                 5275200 
                 9079 
                 9079 
                 9086 
               
               
                 112 
                 1 
                 5300000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5300040 
                 753336 
                 104 
                 5295360 
                 9093 
                 9093 
                 9100 
               
               
                 113 
                 1 
                 5320000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5319840 
                 754656 
                 104 
                 5314080 
                 9106 
                 9106 
                 9114 
               
               
                 114 
                 1 
                 5320000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5319930 
                 754662 
                 105 
                 5314080 
                 9106 
                 9106 
                 9114 
               
               
                 115 
                 1 
                 5340000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5340000 
                 756000 
                 104 
                 5334240 
                 9120 
                 9120 
                 9128 
               
               
                 116 
                 1 
                 5340000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5340090 
                 756006 
                 105 
                 5334240 
                 9120 
                 9120 
                 9128 
               
               
                 117 
                 2 
                 5480000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5480040 
                 765336 
                 104 
                 5475360 
                 9218 
                 9218 
                 9225 
               
               
                 118 
                 2 
                 5500000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5499840 
                 766656 
                 104 
                 5494080 
                 9231 
                 9231 
                 9239 
               
               
                 119 
                 2 
                 5500000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5499930 
                 766662 
                 105 
                 5494080 
                 9231 
                 9231 
                 9239 
               
               
                 120 
                 2 
                 5520000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5520000 
                 768000 
                 104 
                 5514240 
                 9245 
                 9245 
                 9253 
               
               
                 121 
                 2 
                 5520000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5520090 
                 768006 
                 105 
                 5514240 
                 9245 
                 9245 
                 9253 
               
               
                 122 
                 2 
                 5540000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5540160 
                 769344 
                 104 
                 5534400 
                 9259 
                 9259 
                 9267 
               
               
                 123 
                 2 
                 5560000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5559960 
                 770664 
                 104 
                 5554560 
                 9273 
                 9273 
                 9280 
               
               
                 124 
                 2 
                 5560000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5560050 
                 770670 
                 105 
                 5554560 
                 9273 
                 9273 
                 9280 
               
               
                 125 
                 2 
                 5580000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5580120 
                 772008 
                 104 
                 5574720 
                 9287 
                 9287 
                 9294 
               
               
                 126 
                 2 
                 5600000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5599920 
                 773328 
                 104 
                 5594880 
                 9301 
                 9301 
                 9308 
               
               
                 127 
                 2 
                 5600000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5600010 
                 773334 
                 105 
                 5594880 
                 9301 
                 9301 
                 9308 
               
               
                 128 
                 2 
                 5620000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5620080 
                 774672 
                 104 
                 5615040 
                 9315 
                 9315 
                 9322 
               
               
                 129 
                 2 
                 5640000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5639880 
                 775992 
                 104 
                 5635200 
                 9329 
                 9329 
                 9336 
               
               
                 130 
                 2 
                 5640000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5639970 
                 775998 
                 105 
                 5635200 
                 9329 
                 9329 
                 9336 
               
               
                 131 
                 2 
                 5660000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5660040 
                 777336 
                 104 
                 5655360 
                 9343 
                 9343 
                 9350 
               
               
                 132 
                 2 
                 5680000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5679840 
                 778656 
                 104 
                 5674080 
                 9356 
                 9356 
                 9364 
               
               
                 133 
                 2 
                 5680000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5679930 
                 778662 
                 105 
                 5674080 
                 9356 
                 9356 
                 9364 
               
               
                 134 
                 2 
                 5700000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5700000 
                 780000 
                 104 
                 5694240 
                 9370 
                 9370 
                 9378 
               
               
                 135 
                 2 
                 5700000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5700090 
                 780006 
                 105 
                 5694240 
                 9370 
                 9370 
                 9378 
               
               
                 136 
                 2 
                 5720000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5720160 
                 781344 
                 104 
                 5714400 
                 9384 
                 9384 
                 9392 
               
               
                 137 
                 3 
                 5745000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5745000 
                 783000 
                 104 
                 5740320 
                 9402 
                 9402 
                 9409 
               
               
                 138 
                 3 
                 5745000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5745090 
                 783006 
                 105 
                 5740320 
                 9402 
                 9402 
                 9409 
               
               
                 139 
                 3 
                 5765000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5765160 
                 784344 
                 104 
                 5760480 
                 9416 
                 9416 
                 9423 
               
               
                 140 
                 3 
                 5785000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5784960 
                 785664 
                 104 
                 5779200 
                 9429 
                 9429 
                 9437 
               
               
                 141 
                 3 
                 5785000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5785050 
                 785670 
                 105 
                 5779200 
                 9429 
                 9429 
                 9437 
               
               
                 142 
                 3 
                 5805000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5805120 
                 787008 
                 104 
                 5799360 
                 9443 
                 9443 
                 9451 
               
               
                 143 
                 3 
                 5825000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5824920 
                 788328 
                 104 
                 5819520 
                 9457 
                 9457 
                 9464 
               
               
                 144 
                 3 
                 5825000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5825010 
                 788334 
                 105 
                 5819520 
                 9457 
                 9457 
                 9464 
               
               
                 145 
                 3 
                 5845000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5845080 
                 789672 
                 104 
                 5839680 
                 9471 
                 9471 
                 9478 
               
               
                 146 
                 3 
                 5865000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5864880 
                 790992 
                 104 
                 5859840 
                 9485 
                 9485 
                 9492 
               
               
                 147 
                 3 
                 5865000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5864970 
                 790998 
                 105 
                 5859840 
                 9485 
                 9485 
                 9492 
               
               
                 148 
                 3 
                 5885000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5885040 
                 792336 
                 104 
                 5880000 
                 9499 
                 9499 
                 9506 
               
               
                 149 
                 3 
                 5905000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5904840 
                 793656 
                 104 
                 5900160 
                 9513 
                 9513 
                 9520 
               
               
                 150 
                 3 
                 5905000 
                 20/60/100 
                 15 
                 5904930 
                 793662 
                 105 
                 5900160 
                 9513 
                 9513 
                 9520 
               
               
                 151 
                 1 
                 5170000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5169900 
                 744660 
                 214 
                 5154240 
                 8995 
                 8995 
                 9016 
               
               
                 152 
                 1 
                 5170000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5169990 
                 744666 
                 215 
                 5154240 
                 8995 
                 8995 
                 9016 
               
               
                 153 
                 1 
                 5190000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5190060 
                 746004 
                 214 
                 5174400 
                 9009 
                 9009 
                 9030 
               
               
                 154 
                 1 
                 5210000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5209860 
                 747324 
                 214 
                 5194560 
                 9023 
                 9023 
                 9044 
               
               
                 155 
                 1 
                 5210000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5209950 
                 747330 
                 215 
                 5194560 
                 9023 
                 9023 
                 9044 
               
               
                 156 
                 1 
                 5230000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5230020 
                 748668 
                 214 
                 5214720 
                 9037 
                 9037 
                 9058 
               
               
                 157 
                 1 
                 5250000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5249820 
                 749988 
                 214 
                 5234880 
                 9051 
                 9051 
                 9072 
               
               
                 158 
                 1 
                 5250000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5249910 
                 749994 
                 215 
                 5234880 
                 9051 
                 9051 
                 9072 
               
               
                 159 
                 1 
                 5250000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5250000 
                 750000 
                 216 
                 5234880 
                 9051 
                 9051 
                 9072 
               
               
                 160 
                 1 
                 5250000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5250180 
                 750012 
                 214 
                 5234880 
                 9051 
                 9051 
                 9072 
               
               
                 161 
                 1 
                 5270000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5269980 
                 751332 
                 214 
                 5255040 
                 9065 
                 9065 
                 9086 
               
               
                 162 
                 1 
                 5270000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5270070 
                 751338 
                 215 
                 5255040 
                 9065 
                 9065 
                 9086 
               
               
                 163 
                 1 
                 5290000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5290140 
                 752676 
                 214 
                 5275200 
                 9079 
                 9079 
                 9100 
               
               
                 164 
                 1 
                 5310000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5309940 
                 753996 
                 214 
                 5295360 
                 9093 
                 9093 
                 9114 
               
               
                 165 
                 1 
                 5310000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5310030 
                 754002 
                 215 
                 5295360 
                 9093 
                 9093 
                 9114 
               
               
                 166 
                 1 
                 5330000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5330100 
                 755340 
                 214 
                 5315520 
                 9107 
                 9107 
                 9128 
               
               
                 167 
                 2 
                 5490000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5489940 
                 765996 
                 214 
                 5475360 
                 9218 
                 9218 
                 9239 
               
               
                 168 
                 2 
                 5490000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5490030 
                 766002 
                 215 
                 5475360 
                 9218 
                 9218 
                 9239 
               
               
                 169 
                 2 
                 5510000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5510100 
                 767340 
                 214 
                 5495520 
                 9232 
                 9232 
                 9253 
               
               
                 170 
                 2 
                 5530000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5529900 
                 768660 
                 214 
                 5514240 
                 9245 
                 9245 
                 9266 
               
               
                 171 
                 2 
                 5530000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5529990 
                 768666 
                 215 
                 5514240 
                 9245 
                 9245 
                 9266 
               
               
                 172 
                 2 
                 5550000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5550060 
                 770004 
                 214 
                 5534400 
                 9259 
                 9259 
                 9280 
               
               
                 173 
                 2 
                 5570000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5569860 
                 771324 
                 214 
                 5554560 
                 9273 
                 9273 
                 9294 
               
               
                 174 
                 2 
                 5570000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5569950 
                 771330 
                 215 
                 5554560 
                 9273 
                 9273 
                 9294 
               
               
                 175 
                 2 
                 5590000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5590020 
                 772668 
                 214 
                 5574720 
                 9287 
                 9287 
                 9308 
               
               
                 176 
                 2 
                 5610000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5609820 
                 773988 
                 214 
                 5594880 
                 9301 
                 9301 
                 9322 
               
               
                 177 
                 2 
                 5610000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5609910 
                 773994 
                 215 
                 5594880 
                 9301 
                 9301 
                 9322 
               
               
                 178 
                 2 
                 5610000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5610000 
                 774000 
                 216 
                 5594880 
                 9301 
                 9301 
                 9322 
               
               
                 179 
                 2 
                 5610000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5610180 
                 774012 
                 214 
                 5594880 
                 9301 
                 9301 
                 9322 
               
               
                 180 
                 2 
                 5630000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5629980 
                 775332 
                 214 
                 5615040 
                 9315 
                 9315 
                 9336 
               
               
                 181 
                 2 
                 5630000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5630070 
                 775338 
                 215 
                 5615040 
                 9315 
                 9315 
                 9336 
               
               
                 182 
                 2 
                 5650000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5650140 
                 776676 
                 214 
                 5635200 
                 9329 
                 9329 
                 9350 
               
               
                 183 
                 2 
                 5670000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5669940 
                 777996 
                 214 
                 5655360 
                 9343 
                 9343 
                 9364 
               
               
                 184 
                 2 
                 5670000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5670030 
                 778002 
                 215 
                 5655360 
                 9343 
                 9343 
                 9364 
               
               
                 185 
                 2 
                 5690000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5690100 
                 779340 
                 214 
                 5675520 
                 9357 
                 9357 
                 9378 
               
               
                 186 
                 2 
                 5710000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5709900 
                 780660 
                 214 
                 5694240 
                 9370 
                 9370 
                 9391 
               
               
                 187 
                 2 
                 5710000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5709990 
                 780666 
                 215 
                 5694240 
                 9370 
                 9370 
                 9391 
               
               
                 188 
                 3 
                 5755000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5754900 
                 783660 
                 214 
                 5740320 
                 9402 
                 9402 
                 9423 
               
               
                 189 
                 3 
                 5755000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5754990 
                 783666 
                 215 
                 5740320 
                 9402 
                 9402 
                 9423 
               
               
                 190 
                 3 
                 5775000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5775060 
                 785004 
                 214 
                 5760480 
                 9416 
                 9416 
                 9437 
               
               
                 191 
                 3 
                 5795000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5794860 
                 786324 
                 214 
                 5779200 
                 9429 
                 9429 
                 9450 
               
               
                 192 
                 3 
                 5795000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5794950 
                 786330 
                 215 
                 5779200 
                 9429 
                 9429 
                 9450 
               
               
                 193 
                 3 
                 5815000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5815020 
                 787668 
                 214 
                 5799360 
                 9443 
                 9443 
                 9464 
               
               
                 194 
                 3 
                 5835000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5834820 
                 788988 
                 214 
                 5819520 
                 9457 
                 9457 
                 9478 
               
               
                 195 
                 3 
                 5835000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5834910 
                 788994 
                 215 
                 5819520 
                 9457 
                 9457 
                 9478 
               
               
                 196 
                 3 
                 5835000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5835000 
                 789000 
                 216 
                 5819520 
                 9457 
                 9457 
                 9478 
               
               
                 197 
                 3 
                 5835000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5835180 
                 789012 
                 214 
                 5819520 
                 9457 
                 9457 
                 9478 
               
               
                 198 
                 3 
                 5855000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5854980 
                 790332 
                 214 
                 5839680 
                 9471 
                 9471 
                 9492 
               
               
                 199 
                 3 
                 5855000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5855070 
                 790338 
                 215 
                 5839680 
                 9471 
                 9471 
                 9492 
               
               
                 200 
                 3 
                 5875000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5875140 
                 791676 
                 214 
                 5859840 
                 9485 
                 9485 
                 9506 
               
               
                 201 
                 3 
                 5895000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5894940 
                 792996 
                 214 
                 5880000 
                 9499 
                 9499 
                 9520 
               
               
                 202 
                 3 
                 5895000 
                 40/80 
                 15 
                 5895030 
                 793002 
                 215 
                 5880000 
                 9499 
                 9499 
                 9520 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
                                                         TABLE 11               Entry       RB Offset   RB Offset   Occ. Chn-   Occ. Chn-   Left Guard   Right Guard   SSB Start   SSB End       No.   k_SSB   (Left)   (Right)   Start [kHz]   End [kHz]   [kHz]   [kHz]   [kHz]   [kHz]                                                                        101   0   0   64   5150640   5169345   632.5   647.5   5150640   5157810       102   0   0   65   5150640   5169525   632.5   467.5   5150640   5157810       103   0   0   64   5170800   5189505   792.5   487.5   5170800   5177970       104   0   2   62   5190600   5209305   592.5   687.5   5190960   5198130       105   0   2   63   5190600   5209485   592.5   507.5   5190960   5198130       106   0   2   62   5210760   5229465   752.5   527.5   5211120   5218290       107   0   4   60   5230560   5249265   552.5   727.5   5231280   5238450       108   0   4   61   5230560   5249445   552.5   547.5   5231280   5238450       109   0   4   60   5250720   5269425   712.5   567.5   5251440   5258610       110   0   6   58   5270520   5289225   512.5   767.5   5271600   5278770       111   0   6   59   5270520   5289405   512.5   587.5   5271600   5278770       112   0   6   58   5290680   5309385   672.5   607.5   5291760   5298930       113   0   0   64   5310480   5329185   472.5   807.5   5310480   5317650       114   0   0   65   5310480   5329365   472.5   627.5   5310480   5317650       115   0   0   64   5330640   5349345   632.5   647.5   5330640   5337810       116   0   0   65   5330640   5349525   632.5   467.5   5330640   5337810       117   0   6   58   5470680   5489385   672.5   607.5   5471760   5478930       118   0   0   64   5490480   5509185   472.5   807.5   5490480   5497650       119   0   0   65   5490480   5509365   472.5   627.5   5490480   5497650       120   0   0   64   5510640   5529345   632.5   647.5   5510640   5517810       121   0   0   65   5510640   5529525   632.5   467.5   5510640   5517810       122   0   0   64   5530800   5549505   792.5   487.5   5530800   5537970       123   0   2   62   5550600   5569305   592.5   687.5   5550960   5558130       124   0   2   63   5550600   5569485   592.5   507.5   5550960   5558130       125   0   2   62   5570760   5589465   752.5   527.5   5571120   5578290       126   0   4   60   5590560   5609265   552.5   727.5   5591280   5598450       127   0   4   61   5590560   5609445   552.5   547.5   5591280   5598450       128   0   4   60   5610720   5629425   712.5   567.5   5611440   5618610       129   0   6   58   5630520   5649225   512.5   767.5   5631600   5638770       130   0   6   59   5630520   5649405   512.5   587.5   5631600   5638770       131   0   6   58   5650680   5669385   672.5   607.5   5651760   5658930       132   0   0   64   5670480   5689185   472.5   807.5   5670480   5677650       133   0   0   65   5670480   5689365   472.5   627.5   5670480   5677650       134   0   0   64   5690640   5709345   632.5   647.5   5690640   5697810       135   0   0   65   5690640   5709525   632.5   467.5   5690640   5697810       136   0   0   64   5710800   5729505   792.5   487.5   5710800   5717970       137   0   6   58   5735640   5754345   632.5   647.5   5736720   5743890       138   0   6   59   5735640   5754525   632.5   467.5   5736720   5743890       139   0   6   58   5755800   5774505   792.5   487.5   5756880   5764050       140   0   0   64   5775600   5794305   592.5   687.5   5775600   5782770       141   0   0   65   5775600   5794485   592.5   507.5   5775600   5782770       142   0   0   64   5795760   5814465   752.5   527.5   5795760   5802930       143   0   2   62   5815560   5834265   552.5   727.5   5815920   5823090       144   0   2   63   5815560   5834445   552.5   547.5   5815920   5823090       145   0   2   62   5835720   5854425   712.5   567.5   5836080   5843250       146   0   4   60   5855520   5874225   512.5   767.5   5856240   5863410       147   0   4   61   5855520   5874405   512.5   587.5   5856240   5863410       148   0   4   60   5875680   5894385   672.5   607.5   5876400   5883570       149   0   6   58   5895480   5914185   472.5   807.5   5896560   5903730       150   0   6   59   5895480   5914365   472.5   627.5   5896560   5903730       151   0   0   174   5150640   5189145   632.5   847.5   5150640   5157810       152   0   0   175   5150640   5189325   632.5   667.5   5150640   5157810       153   0   0   174   5170800   5209305   792.5   687.5   5170800   5177970       154   0   2   172   5190600   5229105   592.5   887.5   5190960   5198130       155   0   2   173   5190600   5229285   592.5   707.5   5190960   5198130       156   0   2   172   5210760   5249265   752.5   727.5   5211120   5218290       157   0   4   170   5230560   5269065   552.5   927.5   5231280   5238450       158   0   4   171   5230560   5269245   552.5   747.5   5231280   5238450       159   0   4   172   5230560   5269425   552.5   567.5   5231280   5238450       160   0   2   172   5230920   5269425   912.5   567.5   5231280   5238450       161   0   4   170   5250720   5289225   712.5   767.5   5251440   5258610       162   0   4   171   5250720   5289405   712.5   587.5   5251440   5258610       163   0   4   170   5270880   5309385   872.5   607.5   5271600   5278770       164   0   6   168   5290680   5329185   672.5   807.5   5291760   5298930       165   0   6   169   5290680   5329365   672.5   627.5   5291760   5298930       166   0   6   168   5310840   5349345   832.5   647.5   5311920   5319090       167   0   6   168   5470680   5509185   672.5   807.5   5471760   5478930       168   0   6   169   5470680   5509365   672.5   627.5   5471760   5478930       169   0   6   168   5490840   5529345   832.5   647.5   5491920   5499090       170   0   0   174   5510640   5549145   632.5   847.5   5510640   5517810       171   0   0   175   5510640   5549325   632.5   667.5   5510640   5517810       172   0   0   174   5530800   5569305   792.5   687.5   5530800   5537970       173   0   2   172   5550600   5589105   592.5   887.5   5550960   5558130       174   0   2   173   5550600   5589285   592.5   707.5   5550960   5558130       175   0   2   172   5570760   5609265   752.5   727.5   5571120   5578290       176   0   4   170   5590560   5629065   552.5   927.5   5591280   5598450       177   0   4   171   5590560   5629245   552.5   747.5   5591280   5598450       178   0   4   172   5590560   5629425   552.5   567.5   5591280   5598450       179   0   2   172   5590920   5629425   912.5   567.5   5591280   5598450       180   0   4   170   5610720   5649225   712.5   767.5   5611440   5618610       181   0   4   171   5610720   5649405   712.5   587.5   5611440   5618610       182   0   4   170   5630880   5669385   872.5   607.5   5631600   5638770       183   0   6   168   5650680   5689185   672.5   807.5   5651760   5658930       184   0   6   169   5650680   5689365   672.5   627.5   5651760   5658930       185   0   6   168   5670840   5709345   832.5   647.5   5671920   5679090       186   0   0   174   5690640   5729145   632.5   847.5   5690640   5697810       187   0   0   175   5690640   5729325   632.5   667.5   5690640   5697810       188   0   6   168   5735640   5774145   632.5   847.5   5736720   5743890       189   0   6   169   5735640   5774325   632.5   667.5   5736720   5743890       190   0   6   168   5755800   5794305   792.5   687.5   5756880   5764050       191   0   0   174   5775600   5814105   592.5   887.5   5775600   5782770       192   0   0   175   5775600   5814285   592.5   707.5   5775600   5782770       193   0   0   174   5795760   5834265   752.5   727.5   5795760   5802930       194   0   2   172   5815560   5854065   552.5   927.5   5815920   5823090       195   0   2   173   5815560   5854245   552.5   747.5   5815920   5823090       196   0   2   174   5815560   5854425   552.5   567.5   5815920   5823090       197   0   0   174   5815920   5854425   912.5   567.5   5815920   5823090       198   0   2   172   5835720   5874225   712.5   767.5   5836080   5843250       199   0   2   173   5835720   5874405   712.5   587.5   5836080   5843250       200   0   2   172   5855880   5894385   872.5   607.5   5856240   5863410       201   0   4   170   5875680   5914185   672.5   807.5   5876400   5883570       202   0   4   171   5875680   5914365   672.5   627.5   5876400   5883570                    
Example Set of Channel Raster &amp; SSB Raster Entries for 30 kHz &amp; 15 kHz with 1 Unique Channel Raster Entry Per LTE 20 MHz Channel
 
     In the example channel raster and SSB raster entries shown in Table 8  900 , Table 9  1000 , Table 10, and Table 11, there may be multiple entries that correspond to the same LTE channel raster. To avoid the additional channel raster entries, further down selection may be performed to select NR channel raster entries that only support 50 PRB and choose only 1 NR channel entry per LTE channel raster entry for 20 MHz channels and only support 104 PRB or 106 PRB for 40 MHz channels. 
       FIG.  11 A  through  FIG.  11 C  illustrate a Table 12  1100  that shows NR channel raster entries that could be applicable for both 30 KHz data subcarrier operation. 
     Example Set of Channel Raster &amp; SSB Raster Entries for 30 KHz &amp; 15 kHz with 1 Unique Channel Raster Entry Per LTE 20 MHz Channel that Results in Identical Channel Raster Entry Between 30 kHz and 15 kHz 
     In the example channel raster and SSB raster entries shown in Table 8  900 , Table 9  1000 , Table 10, and Table 11, there may be multiple entries that could correspond to the same LTE channel raster. To avoid the additional channel raster entries, further down selection may be performed to select NR channel raster entries that only support 50 PRB and choose only 1 NR channel entry per LTE channel raster entry for 20 MHz channels, and only support 104 or 106 PRB for 40 Mhz channels. Additionally, the NR channel raster entries that are common for both 15 kHz and 30 kHz can be selected. 
       FIG.  12 A  through  FIG.  12 C . illustrate a Table 13  1200  and  FIG.  13 A  through  FIG.  13 C  illustrate a Table 14  1300  that show NR channel raster entries that could be applicable for both 30 kHz and 15 KHz data subcarrier operation. This compacts the total number of channel entries across all data subcarriers. The NR channel raster entries of Table 13  1200  and Table 14  1300  should be identical. However, the supported GSCN ranges for each channel raster entry might be slightly different. To support both 30 kHz and 15 KHz, the GSCN should be selected such that the same GSCN can support both 30 kHz and 15 kHz data subcarrier operations. 
     Example Set of Channel Raster &amp; SSB Raster Entries for 30 kHz &amp; 15 kHz with 1 Unique Channel Raster Entry Per LTE 20 MHz Channel that Maximizes the Supported Number of PRBs 
     The example channel raster and SSB raster entries shown in Table 8 to Table 14, provide channel raster entries that have uniform number of PRBs that could be supported in channel. It is possible to squeeze extra system capacity for certain NR channel raster points by utilizing more PRBs that still satisfy all the conditions mentioned above (e.g. minimum guard band, PRB grid alignment, PRB and SSB PRB grid alignment, etc.). 
     Accordingly, down selection is performed to select NR channel raster entries that support the maximum number of PRB and choose only 1 NR channel entry per LTE channel raster entry for 20 MHz. This is shown in Table 15  1400  illustrated in  FIG.  14 A  through  FIG.  14 C  and Table 16 as provided below. This may result in slightly different NR channel raster entry for the 30 kHz and 15 kHz data subcarrier cases. 
                                                             TABLE 16                   LTE Chn       Data   NR Chn   NR-                           UNII-   Raster       SCS   Raster   ARFCN       SS Raster       Min   Max       Band   [kHz]   BW [MHz   [kHz]   [kHz]   (N REF )   N_PRB   [kHz]   GSCN   GSCN   GSCN                  1   5160000   20/60/100   15   5160090   744006   105   5154240   8995   8995   9003       1   5180000   20/60/100   15   5180160   745344   104   5174400   9009   9009   9017       1   5200000   20/60/100   15   5200050   746670   105   5194560   9023   9023   9030       1   5220000   20/60/100   15   5220120   748008   104   5214720   9037   9037   9044       1   5240000   20/60/100   15   5240010   749334   105   5234880   9051   9051   9058       1   5260000   20/60/100   15   5260080   750672   104   5255040   9065   9065   9072       1   5280000   20/60/100   15   5279970   751998   105   5275200   9079   9079   9086       1   5300000   20/60/100   15   5300040   753336   104   5295360   9093   9093   9100       1   5320000   20/60/100   15   5319930   754662   105   5314080   9106   9106   9114       1   5340000   20/60/100   15   5340090   756006   105   5334240   9120   9120   9128       2   5480000   20/60/100   15   5480040   765336   104   5475360   9218   9218   9225       2   5500000   20/60/100   15   5499930   766662   105   5494080   9231   9231   9239       2   5520000   20/60/100   15   5520090   768006   105   5514240   9245   9245   9253       2   5540000   20/60/100   15   5540160   769344   104   5534400   9259   9259   9267       2   5560000   20/60/100   15   5560050   770670   105   5554560   9273   9273   9280       2   5580000   20/60/100   15   5580120   772008   104   5574720   9287   9287   9294       2   5600000   20/60/100   15   5600010   773334   105   5594880   9301   9301   9308       2   5620000   20/60/100   15   5620080   774672   104   5615040   9315   9315   9322       2   5640000   20/60/100   15   5639970   775998   105   5635200   9329   9329   9336       2   5660000   20/60/100   15   5660040   777336   104   5655360   9343   9343   9350       2   5680000   20/60/100   15   5679930   778662   105   5674080   9356   9356   9364       2   5700000   20/60/100   15   5700090   780006   105   5694240   9370   9370   9378       2   5720000   20/60/100   15   5720160   781344   104   5714400   9384   9384   9392       3   5745000   20/60/100   15   5745090   783006   105   5740320   9402   9402   9409       3   5765000   20/60/100   15   5765160   784344   104   5760480   9416   9416   9423       3   5785000   20/60/100   15   5785050   785670   105   5779200   9429   9429   9437       3   5805000   20/60/100   15   5805120   787008   104   5799360   9443   9443   9451       3   5825000   20/60/100   15   5825010   788334   105   5819520   9457   9457   9464       3   5845000   20/60/100   15   5845080   789672   104   5839680   9471   9471   9478       3   5865000   20/60/100   15   5864970   790998   105   5859840   9485   9485   9492       3   5885000   20/60/100   15   5885040   792336   104   5880000   9499   9499   9506       3   5905000   20/60/100   15   5904930   793662   105   5900160   9513   9513   9520       1   5170000   40/80   15   5169990   744666   215   5154240   8995   8995   9016       1   5190000   40/80   15   5190060   746004   214   5174400   9009   9009   9030       1   5210000   40/80   15   5209950   747330   215   5194560   9023   9023   9044       1   5230000   40/80   15   5230020   748668   214   5214720   9037   9037   9058       1   5250000   40/80   15   5250000   750000   216   5234880   9051   9051   9072       1   5270000   40/80   15   5270070   751338   215   5255040   9065   9065   9086       1   5290000   40/80   15   5290140   752676   214   5275200   9079   9079   9100       1   5310000   40/80   15   5310030   754002   215   5295360   9093   9093   9114       1   5330000   40/80   15   5330100   755340   214   5315520   9107   9107   9128       2   5490000   40/80   15   5490030   766002   215   5475360   9218   9218   9239       2   5510000   40/80   15   5510100   767340   214   5495520   9232   9232   9253       2   5530000   40/80   15   5529990   768666   215   5514240   9245   9245   9266       2   5550000   40/80   15   5550060   770004   214   5534400   9259   9259   9280       2   5570000   40/80   15   5569950   771330   215   5554560   9273   9273   9294       2   5590000   40/80   15   5590020   772668   214   5574720   9287   9287   9308       2   5610000   40/80   15   5610000   774000   216   5594880   9301   9301   9322       2   5630000   40/80   15   5630070   775338   215   5615040   9315   9315   9336       2   5650000   40/80   15   5650140   776676   214   5635200   9329   9329   9350       2   5670000   40/80   15   5670030   778002   215   5655360   9343   9343   9364       2   5690000   40/80   15   5690100   779340   214   5675520   9357   9357   9378       2   5710000   40/80   15   5709990   780666   215   5694240   9370   9370   9391       3   5755000   40/80   15   5754990   783666   215   5740320   9402   9402   9423       3   5775000   40/80   15   5775060   785004   214   5760480   9416   9416   9437       3   5795000   40/80   15   5794950   786330   215   5779200   9429   9429   9450       3   5815000   40/80   15   5815020   787668   214   5799360   9443   9443   9464       3   5835000   40/80   15   5835000   789000   216   5819520   9457   9457   9478       3   5855000   40/80   15   5855070   790338   215   5839680   9471   9471   9492       3   5875000   40/80   15   5875140   791676   214   5859840   9485   9485   9506       3   5895000   40/80   15   5895030   793002   215   5880000   9499   9499   9520                    
Example System Architecture
 
     In certain embodiments, 5G System architecture supports data connectivity and services enabling deployments to use techniques such as Network Function Virtualization and Software Defined Networking. The 5G System architecture may leverage service-based interactions between Control Plane Network Functions. Separating User Plane functions from the Control Plane functions allows independent scalability, evolution, and flexible deployments (e.g., centralized location or distributed (remote) location). Modularized function design allows for function re-use and may enable flexible and efficient network slicing. A Network Function and its Network Function Services may interact with another NF and its Network Function Services directly or indirectly via a Service Communication Proxy. Another intermediate function may help route Control Plane messages. The architecture minimizes dependencies between the AN and the CN. The architecture may include a converged core network with a common AN-CN interface that integrates different Access Types (e.g., 3GPP access and non-3GPP access). The architecture may also support a unified authentication framework, stateless NFs where the compute resource is decoupled from the storage resource, capability exposure, concurrent access to local and centralized services (to support low latency services and access to local data networks, User Plane functions can be deployed close to the AN), and/or roaming with both Home routed traffic as well as Local breakout traffic in the visited PLMN. 
     The 5G architecture may be defined as service-based and the interaction between network functions may include a service-based representation, where network functions (e.g., AMF) within the Control Plane enable other authorized network functions to access their services. The service-based representation may also include point-to-point reference points. A reference point representation may also be used to show the interactions between the NF services in the network functions described by point-to-point reference point (e.g., N11) between any two network functions (e.g., AMF and SMF). 
       FIG.  5    illustrates a service based architecture  500  in 5GS according to one embodiment. As described in 3GPP TS 23.501, the service based architecture  500  comprises NFs such as an NSSF  502 , a NEF  504 , an NRF  506 , a PCF  508 , a UDM  510 , an AUSF  512 , an AMF  514 , an SMF  516 , for communication with a UE  520 , a (R) AN  522 , a UPF  524 , and a DN  526 . The NFs and NF services can communicate directly, referred to as Direct Communication, or indirectly via a SCP  518 , referred to as Indirect Communication.  FIG.  5    also shows corresponding service-based interfaces including Nutm, Naf, Nudm, Npcf, Nsmf, Nnrf, Namf, Nnef, Nnssf, and Nausf, as well as reference points N1, N2, N3, N4, and N6. A few example functions provided by the NFs shown in  FIG.  5    are described below. 
     The NSSF  502  supports functionality such as: selecting the set of Network Slice instances serving the UE; determining the Allowed NSSAI and, if needed, mapping to the Subscribed S-NSSAIs; determining the Configured NSSAI and, if needed, the mapping to the Subscribed S-NSSAIs; and/or determining the AMF Set to be used to serve the UE, or, based on configuration, a list of candidate AMF(s), possibly by querying the NRF. 
     The NEF  504  supports exposure of capabilities and events. NF capabilities and events may be securely exposed by the NEF  504  (e.g., for 3rd party, Application Functions, and/or Edge Computing). The NEF  504  may store/retrieve information as structured data using a standardized interface (Nudr) to a UDR. The NEF  504  may also secure provision of information from an external application to 3GPP network and may provide for the Application Functions to securely provide information to the 3GPP network (e.g., expected UE behavior, 5GLAN group information, and service specific information), wherein the NEF  504  may authenticate and authorize and assist in throttling the Application Functions. The NEF  504  may provide translation of internal-external information by translating between information exchanged with the AF and information exchanged with the internal network function. For example, the NEF  504  translates between an AF-Service-Identifier and internal 5G Core information such as DNN and S-NSSAI. The NEF  504  may handle masking of network and user sensitive information to external AF&#39;s according to the network policy. The NEF  504  may receive information from other network functions (based on exposed capabilities of other network functions), and stores the received information as structured data using a standardized interface to a UDR. The stored information can be accessed and re-exposed by the NEF  504  to other network functions and Application Functions, and used for other purposes such as analytics. For external exposure of services related to specific UE(s), the NEF  504  may reside in the HPLMN. Depending on operator agreements, the NEF  504  in the HPLMN may have interface(s) with NF(s) in the VPLMN. When a UE is capable of switching between EPC and 5GC, an SCEF+NEF may be used for service exposure. 
     The NRF  506  supports service discovery function by receiving an NF Discovery Request from an NF instance or SCP and providing the information of the discovered NF instances to the NF instance or SCP. The NRF  506  may also support P-CSCF discovery (specialized case of AF discovery by SMF), maintains the NF profile of available NF instances and their supported services, and/or notify about newly registered/updated/deregistered NF instances along with its NF services to the subscribed NF service consumer or SCP. In the context of Network Slicing, based on network implementation, multiple NRFs can be deployed at different levels such as a PLMN level (the NRF is configured with information for the whole PLMN), a shared-slice level (the NRF is configured with information belonging to a set of Network Slices), and/or a slice-specific level (the NRF is configured with information belonging to an S-NSSAI). In the context of roaming, multiple NRFs may be deployed in the different networks, wherein the NRF(s) in the Visited PLMN (known as the vNRF) are configured with information for the visited PLMN, and wherein the NRF(s) in the Home PLMN (known as the hNRF) are configured with information for the home PLMN, referenced by the vNRF via an N27 interface. 
     The PCF  508  supports a unified policy framework to govern network behavior. The PCF  508  provides policy rules to Control Plane function(s) to enforce them. The PCF  508  accesses subscription information relevant for policy decisions in a Unified Data Repository (UDR). The PCF  508  may access the UDR located in the same PLMN as the PCF. 
     The UDM  510  supports generation of 3GPP AKA Authentication Credentials, User Identification Handling (e.g., storage and management of SUPI for each subscriber in the 5G system), de-concealment of a privacy-protected subscription identifier (SUCI), access authorization based on subscription data (e.g., roaming restrictions), UE&#39;s Serving NF Registration Management (e.g., storing serving AMF for UE, storing serving SMF for UE&#39;s PDU Session), service/session continuity (e.g., by keeping SMF/DNN assignment of ongoing sessions, MT-SMS delivery, Lawful Intercept Functionality (especially in outbound roaming cases where a UDM is the only point of contact for LI), subscription management, SMS management, 5GLAN group management handling, and/or external parameter provisioning (Expected UE Behavior parameters or Network Configuration parameters). To provide such functionality, the UDM  510  uses subscription data (including authentication data) that may be stored in a UDR, in which case a UDM implements the application logic and may not require an internal user data storage and several different UDMs may serve the same user in different transactions. The UDM  510  may be located in the HPLMN of the subscribers it serves, and may access the information of the UDR located in the same PLMN. 
     The AF  528  interacts with the Core Network to provide services that, for example, support the following: application influence on traffic routing; accessing the NEF  504 ; interacting with the Policy framework for policy control; and/or IMS interactions with 5GC. Based on operator deployment, Application Functions considered to be trusted by the operator can be allowed to interact directly with relevant Network Functions. Application Functions not allowed by the operator to access directly the Network Functions may use the external exposure framework via the NEF  504  to interact with relevant Network Functions. 
     The AUSF  512  supports authentication for 3GPP access and untrusted non-3GPP access. The AUSF  512  may also provide support for Network Slice-Specific Authentication and Authorization. 
     The AMF  514  supports termination of RAN CP interface (N2), termination of NAS (N1) for NAS ciphering and integrity protection, registration management, connection management, reachability management, Mobility Management, lawful intercept (for AMF events and interface to LI System), transport for SM messages between UE and SMF, transparent proxy for routing SM messages, Access Authentication, Access Authorization, transport for SMS messages between UE and SMSF, SEAF, Location Services management for regulatory services, transport for Location Services messages between UE and LMF as well as between RAN and LMF, EPS Bearer ID allocation for interworking with EPS, UE mobility event notification, Control Plane CIoT 5GS Optimization, User Plane CIoT 5GS Optimization, provisioning of external parameters (Expected UE Behavior parameters or Network Configuration parameters), and/or Network Slice-Specific Authentication and Authorization. Some or all of the AMF functionalities may be supported in a single instance of the AMF  514 . Regardless of the number of Network functions, in certain embodiments there is only one NAS interface instance per access network between the UE and the CN, terminated at one of the Network functions that implements at least NAS security and Mobility Management. The AMF  514  may also include policy related functionalities. 
     In addition to the functionalities described above, the AMF  514  may include the following functionality to support non-3GPP access networks: support of N2 interface with N3IWF/TNGF, over which some information (e.g., 3GPP Cell Identification) and procedures (e.g., Handover related) defined over 3GPP access may not apply, and non-3GPP access specific information may be applied that do not apply to 3GPP accesses; support of NAS signaling with a UE over N3IWF/TNGF, wherein some procedures supported by NAS signaling over 3GPP access may be not applicable to untrusted non-3GPP (e.g., Paging) access; support of authentication of UEs connected over N3IWF/TNGF; management of mobility, authentication, and separate security context state(s) of a UE connected via a non-3GPP access or connected via a 3GPP access and a non-3GPP access simultaneously; support a coordinated RM management context valid over a 3GPP access and a Non 3GPP access; and/or support dedicated CM management contexts for the UE for connectivity over non-3GPP access. Not all of the above functionalities may be required to be supported in an instance of a Network Slice. 
     The SMF  516  supports Session Management (e.g., Session Establishment, modify and release, including tunnel maintain between UPF and AN node), UE IP address allocation &amp; management (including optional Authorization) wherein the UE IP address may be received from a UPF or from an external data network, DHCPv4 (server and client) and DHCPv6 (server and client) functions, functionality to respond to Address Resolution Protocol requests and/or IPV6 Neighbor Solicitation requests based on local cache information for the Ethernet PDUs (e.g., the SMF responds to the ARP and/or the IPV6 Neighbor Solicitation Request by providing the MAC address corresponding to the IP address sent in the request), selection and control of User Plane functions including controlling the UPF to proxy ARP or IPV6 Neighbor Discovery or to forward all ARP/IPV6 Neighbor Solicitation traffic to the SMF for Ethernet PDU Sessions, traffic steering configuration at the UPF to route traffic to proper destinations, 5G VN group management (e.g., maintain the topology of the involved PSA UPFs, establish and release the N19 tunnels between PSA UPFs, configure traffic forwarding at UPF to apply local switching, and/or N6-based forwarding or N19-based forwarding), termination of interfaces towards Policy control functions, lawful intercept (for SM events and interface to LI System), charging data collection and support of charging interfaces, control and coordination of charging data collection at the UPF, termination of SM parts of NAS messages, Downlink Data Notification, Initiator of AN specific SM information sent via AMF over N2 to AN, determination of SSC mode of a session, Control Plane CIoT 5GS Optimization, header compression, acting as I-SMF in deployments where I-SMF can be inserted/removed/relocated, provisioning of external parameters (Expected UE Behavior parameters or Network Configuration parameters), P-CSCF discovery for IMS services, roaming functionality (e.g., handle local enforcement to apply QoS SLAs (VPLMN), charging data collection and charging interface (VPLMN), and/or lawful intercept (in VPLMN for SM events and interface to LI System), interaction with external DN for transport of signaling for PDU Session authentication/authorization by external DN, and/or instructing UPF and NG-RAN to perform redundant transmission on N3/N9 interfaces. Some or all of the SMF functionalities may be supported in a single instance of a SMF. However, in certain embodiments, not all of the functionalities are required to be supported in an instance of a Network Slice. In addition to the functionalities, the SMF  516  may include policy related functionalities. 
     The SCP  518  includes one or more of the following functionalities: Indirect Communication; Delegated Discovery; message forwarding and routing to destination NF/NF services; communication security (e.g., authorization of the NF Service Consumer to access the NF Service Producer&#39;s API), load balancing, monitoring, overload control, etc.; and/or optionally interact with the UDR, to resolve the UDM Group ID/UDR Group ID/AUSF Group ID/PCF Group ID/CHF Group ID/HSS Group ID based on UE identity (e.g., SUPI or IMPI/IMPU). Some or all of the SCP functionalities may be supported in a single instance of an SCP. In certain embodiments, the SCP  518  may be deployed in a distributed manner and/or more than one SCP can be present in the communication path between NF Services. SCPs can be deployed at PLMN level, shared-slice level, and slice-specific level. It may be left to operator deployment to ensure that SCPs can communicate with relevant NRFs. 
     The UE  520  may include a device with radio communication capabilities. For example, the UE  520  may comprise a smartphone (e.g., handheld touchscreen mobile computing devices connectable to one or more cellular networks). The UE  520  may also comprise any mobile or non-mobile computing device, such as Personal Data Assistants (PDAs), pagers, laptop computers, desktop computers, wireless handsets, or any computing device including a wireless communications interface. A UE may also be referred to as a client, mobile, mobile device, mobile terminal, user terminal, mobile unit, mobile station, mobile user, subscriber, user, remote station, access agent, user agent, receiver, radio equipment, reconfigurable radio equipment, or reconfigurable mobile device. The UE  520  may comprise an IoT UE, which can comprise a network access layer designed for low-power IoT applications utilizing short-lived UE connections. An IoT UE can utilize technologies (e.g., M2M, MTC, or mMTC technology) for exchanging data with an MTC server or device via a PLMN, other UEs using ProSe or D2D communications, sensor networks, or IoT networks. The M2M or MTC exchange of data may be a machine-initiated exchange of data. An IoT network describes interconnecting IoT UEs, which may include uniquely identifiable embedded computing devices (within the Internet infrastructure). The IoT UEs may execute background applications (e.g., keep-alive messages, status updates, etc.) to facilitate the connections of the IoT network. 
     The UE  520  may be configured to connect or communicatively couple with the (R) AN  522  through a radio interface  530 , which may be a physical communication interface or layer configured to operate with cellular communication protocols such as a GSM protocol, a CDMA network protocol, a Push-to-Talk (PTT) protocol, a PTT over Cellular (POC) protocol, a UMTS protocol, a 3GPP LTE protocol, a 5G protocol, a NR protocol, and the like. For example, the UE  520  and the (R) AN  522  may use a Uu interface (e.g., an LTE-Uu interface) to exchange control plane data via a protocol stack comprising a PHY layer, a MAC layer, an RLC layer, a PDCP layer, and an RRC layer. A DL transmission may be from the (R) AN  522  to the UE  520  and a UL transmission may be from the UE  520  to the (R) AN  522 . The UE  520  may further use a sidelink to communicate directly with another UE (not shown) for D2D, P2P, and/or ProSe communication. For example, a ProSe interface may comprise one or more logical channels, including but not limited to a Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH), a Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), a Physical Sidelink Discovery Channel (PSDCH), and a Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel (PSBCH). 
     The (R) AN  522  can include one or more access nodes, which may be referred to as base stations (BSs), NodeBs, evolved NodeBs (eNBs), next Generation NodeBs (gNB), RAN nodes, controllers, transmission reception points (TRPs), and so forth, and can comprise ground stations (e.g., terrestrial access points) or satellite stations providing coverage within a geographic area (e.g., a cell). The (R) AN  522  may include one or more RAN nodes for providing macrocells, picocells, femtocells, or other types of cells. A macrocell may cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscription. A picocell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscription. A femtocell may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may allow restricted access by UEs having an association with the femtocell (e.g., UEs in a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG), UEs for users in the home, etc.). 
     Although not shown, multiple RAN nodes (such as the (R) AN  522 ) may be used, wherein an Xn interface is defined between two or more nodes. In some implementations, the Xn interface may include an Xn user plane (Xn-U) interface and an Xn control plane (Xn-C) interface. The Xn-U may provide non-guaranteed delivery of user plane PDUs and support/provide data forwarding and flow control functionality. The Xn-C may provide management and error handling functionality, functionality to manage the Xn-C interface; mobility support for the UE  520  in a connected mode (e.g., CM-CONNECTED) including functionality to manage the UE mobility for connected mode between one or more (R) AN nodes. The mobility support may include context transfer from an old (source) serving (R) AN node to new (target) serving (R) AN node; and control of user plane tunnels between old (source) serving (R) AN node to new (target) serving (R) AN node. 
     The UPF  524  may act as an anchor point for intra-RAT and inter-RAT mobility, an external PDU session point of interconnect to the DN  526 , and a branching point to support multi-homed PDU session. The UPF  524  may also perform packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection, enforce user plane part of policy rules, lawfully intercept packets (UP collection); traffic usage reporting, perform QoS handling for user plane (e.g. packet filtering, gating, UL/DL rate enforcement), perform Uplink Traffic verification (e.g., SDF to QoS flow mapping), transport level packet marking in the uplink and downlink, and downlink packet buffering and downlink data notification triggering. The UPF  524  may include an uplink classifier to support routing traffic flows to a data network. The DN  526  may represent various network operator services, Internet access, or third party services. The DN  526  may include, for example, an application server. 
       FIG.  6    is a block diagram of an example UE  600  configurable according to various embodiments of the present disclosure, including by execution of instructions on a computer-readable medium that correspond to any of the example methods and/or procedures described herein. The UE  600  comprises one or more processor  602 , transceiver  604 , memory  606 , user interface  608 , and control interface  610 . 
     The one or more processor  602  may include, for example, an application processor, an audio digital signal processor, a central processing unit, and/or one or more baseband processors. Each of the one or more processor  602  may include internal memory and/or may include interface(s) to communication with external memory (including the memory  606 ). The internal or external memory can store software code, programs, and/or instructions for execution by the one or more processor  602  to configure and/or facilitate the UE  600  to perform various operations, including operations described herein. For example, execution of the instructions can configure the UE  600  to communicate using one or more wired or wireless communication protocols, including one or more wireless communication protocols standardized by 3GPP such as those commonly known as 5G/NR, LTE, LTE-A, UMTS, HSPA, GSM, GPRS, EDGE, etc., or any other current or future protocols that can be utilized in conjunction with the one or more transceiver  604 , user interface  608 , and/or control interface  610 . As another example, the one or more processor  602  may execute program code stored in the memory  606  or other memory that corresponds to MAC, RLC, PDCP, and RRC layer protocols standardized by 3GPP (e.g., for NR and/or LTE). As a further example, the processor  602  may execute program code stored in the memory  606  or other memory that, together with the one or more transceiver  604 , implements corresponding PHY layer protocols, such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), and Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA). 
     The memory  606  may comprise memory area for the one or more processor  602  to store variables used in protocols, configuration, control, and other functions of the UE  600 , including operations corresponding to, or comprising, any of the example methods and/or procedures described herein. Moreover, the memory  606  may comprise non-volatile memory (e.g., flash memory), volatile memory (e.g., static or dynamic RAM), or a combination thereof. Furthermore, the memory  606  may interface with a memory slot by which removable memory cards in one or more formats (e.g., SD Card, Memory Stick, Compact Flash, etc.) can be inserted and removed. 
     The one or more transceiver  604  may include radio-frequency transmitter and/or receiver circuitry that facilitates the UE  600  to communicate with other equipment supporting like wireless communication standards and/or protocols. For example, the one or more transceiver  604  may include switches, mixer circuitry, amplifier circuitry, filter circuitry, and synthesizer circuitry. Such RF circuitry may include a receive signal path with circuitry to down-convert RF signals received from a front-end module (FEM) and provide baseband signals to a baseband processor of the one or more processor  602 . The RF circuitry may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry to up-convert baseband signals provided by a baseband processor and provide RF output signals to the FEM for transmission. The FEM may include a receive signal path that may include circuitry configured to operate on RF signals received from one or more antennas, amplify the received signals and provide the amplified versions of the received signals to the RF circuitry for further processing. The FEM may also include a transmit signal path that may include circuitry configured to amplify signals for transmission provided by the RF circuitry for transmission by one or more antennas. In various embodiments, the amplification through the transmit or receive signal paths may be done solely in the RF circuitry, solely in the FEM, or in both the RF circuitry and the FEM circuitry. In some embodiments, the FEM circuitry may include a TX/RX switch to switch between transmit mode and receive mode operation. 
     In some exemplary embodiments, the one or more transceiver  604  includes a transmitter and a receiver that enable device  1200  to communicate with various 5G/NR networks according to various protocols and/or methods proposed for standardization by 3 GPP and/or other standards bodies. For example, such functionality can operate cooperatively with the one or more processor  602  to implement a PHY layer based on OFDM, OFDMA, and/or SC-FDMA technologies, such as described herein with respect to other figures. 
     The user interface  608  may take various forms depending on particular embodiments, or can be absent from the UE  600 . In some embodiments, the user interface  608  includes a microphone, a loudspeaker, slidable buttons, depressible buttons, a display, a touchscreen display, a mechanical or virtual keypad, a mechanical or virtual keyboard, and/or any other user-interface features commonly found on mobile phones. In other embodiments, the UF  600  may comprise a tablet computing device including a larger touchscreen display. In such embodiments, one or more of the mechanical features of the user interface  608  may be replaced by comparable or functionally equivalent virtual user interface features (e.g., virtual keypad, virtual buttons, etc.) implemented using the touchscreen display, as familiar to persons of ordinary skill in the art. In other embodiments, the UE  600  may be a digital computing device, such as a laptop computer, desktop computer, workstation, etc. that comprises a mechanical keyboard that can be integrated, detached, or detachable depending on the particular exemplary embodiment. Such a digital computing device can also comprise a touch screen display. Many example embodiments of the UE  600  having a touch screen display are capable of receiving user inputs, such as inputs related to exemplary methods and/or procedures described herein or otherwise known to persons of ordinary skill in the art. 
     In some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the UE  600  may include an orientation sensor, which can be used in various ways by features and functions of the UE  600 . For example, the UE  600  can use outputs of the orientation sensor to determine when a user has changed the physical orientation of the UE  600 &#39;s touch screen display. An indication signal from the orientation sensor can be available to any application program executing on the UE  600 , such that an application program can change the orientation of a screen display (e.g., from portrait to landscape) automatically when the indication signal indicates an approximate 90-degree change in physical orientation of the device. In this manner, the application program can maintain the screen display in a manner that is readable by the user, regardless of the physical orientation of the device. In addition, the output of the orientation sensor can be used in conjunction with various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     The control interface  610  may take various forms depending on particular embodiments. For example, the control interface  610  may include an RS-232 interface, an RS-485 interface, a USB interface, an HDMI interface, a Bluetooth interface, an IEEE (“Firewire”) interface, an I 2 C interface, a PCMCIA interface, or the like. In some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, control interface  1260  can comprise an IEEE 802.3 Ethernet interface such as described above. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the control interface  610  may include analog interface circuitry including, for example, one or more digital-to-analog (D/A) and/or analog-to-digital (A/D) converters. 
     Persons of ordinary skill in the art can recognize the above list of features, interfaces, and radio-frequency communication standards is merely exemplary, and not limiting to the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, the UE  600  may include more functionality than is shown in  FIG.  6    including, for example, a video and/or still-image camera, microphone, media player and/or recorder, etc. Moreover, the one or more transceiver  604  may include circuitry for communication using additional radio-frequency communication standards including Bluetooth, GPS, and/or others. Moreover, the one or more processor  602  may execute software code stored in the memory  606  to control such additional functionality. For example, directional velocity and/or position estimates output from a GPS receiver can be available to any application program executing on the UE  600 , including various exemplary methods and/or computer-readable media according to various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. 
       FIG.  7    is a block diagram of an example network node  700  configurable according to various embodiments of the present disclosure, including by execution of instructions on a computer-readable medium that correspond to any of the example methods and/or procedures described herein. 
     The network node  700  includes a one or more processor  702 , a radio network interface  704 , a memory  706 , a core network interface  708 , and other interfaces  710 . The network node  700  may comprise, for example, a base station, eNB, gNB, access node, or component thereof. 
     The one or more processor  702  may include any type of processor or processing circuitry and may be configured to perform an of the methods or procedures disclosed herein. The memory  706  may store software code, programs, and/or instructions executed by the one or more processor  702  to configure the network node  700  to perform various operations, including operations described herein. For example, execution of such stored instructions can configure the network node  700  to communicate with one or more other devices using protocols according to various embodiments of the present disclosure, including one or more methods and/or procedures discussed above. Furthermore, execution of such stored instructions can also configure and/or facilitate the network node  700  to communicate with one or more other devices using other protocols or protocol layers, such as one or more of the PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, and RRC layer protocols standardized by 3GPP for LTE, LTE-A, and/or NR, or any other higher-layer protocols utilized in conjunction with the radio network interface  704  and the core network interface  708 . By way of example and without limitation, the core network interface  708  comprise an SI interface and the radio network interface  704  may comprise a Uu interface, as standardized by 3GPP. The memory  706  may also store variables used in protocols, configuration, control, and other functions of the network node  700 . As such, the memory  706  may comprise non-volatile memory (e.g., flash memory, hard disk, etc.), volatile memory (e.g., static or dynamic RAM), network-based (e.g., “cloud”) storage, or a combination thereof. 
     The radio network interface  704  may include transmitters, receivers, signal processors, ASICs, antennas, beamforming units, and other circuitry that enables network node  700  to communicate with other equipment such as, in some embodiments, a plurality of compatible user equipment (UE). In some embodiments, the network node  700  may include various protocols or protocol layers, such as the PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, and RRC layer protocols standardized by 3GPP for LTE, LTE-A, and/or 5G/NR. According to further embodiments of the present disclosure, the radio network interface  704  may include a PHY layer based on OFDM, OFDMA, and/or SC-FDMA technologies. In some embodiments, the functionality of such a PHY layer can be provided cooperatively by the radio network interface  704  and the one or more processor  702 . 
     The core network interface  708  may include transmitters, receivers, and other circuitry that enables the network node  700  to communicate with other equipment in a core network such as, in some embodiments, circuit-switched (CS) and/or packet-switched Core (PS) networks. In some embodiments, the core network interface  708  may include the SI interface standardized by 3GPP. In some embodiments, the core network interface  708  may include one or more interfaces to one or more SGWs, MMEs, SGSNs, GGSNs, and other physical devices that comprise functionality found in GERAN, UTRAN, E-UTRAN, and CDMA2000 core networks that are known to persons of ordinary skill in the art. In some embodiments, these one or more interfaces may be multiplexed together on a single physical interface. In some embodiments, lower layers of the core network interface  708  may include one or more of asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), Internet Protocol (IP)-over-Ethernet, SDH over optical fiber, T1/E1/PDH over a copper wire, microwave radio, or other wired or wireless transmission technologies known to those of ordinary skill in the art. 
     The other interfaces  710  may include transmitters, receivers, and other circuitry that enables the network node  700  to communicate with external networks, computers, databases, and the like for purposes of operations, administration, and maintenance of the network node  700  or other network equipment operably connected thereto. 
       FIG.  8    is a block diagram illustrating components  800 , according to some example embodiments, able to read instructions from a machine-readable or computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium) and perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein. Specifically,  FIG.  8    shows a diagrammatic representation of hardware resources  802  including one or more processors  812  (or processor cores), one or more memory/storage devices  818 , and one or more communication resources  820 , each of which may be communicatively coupled via a bus  822 . For embodiments where node virtualization (e.g., NFV) is utilized, a hypervisor  804  may be executed to provide an execution environment for one or more network slices/sub-slices to utilize the hardware resources  802 . 
     The processors  812  (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processor, a complex instruction set computing (CISC) processor, a graphics processing unit (GPU), a digital signal processor (DSP) such as a baseband processor, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a radio-frequency integrated circuit (RFIC), another processor, or any suitable combination thereof) may include, for example, a processor  814  and a processor  816 . 
     The memory/storage devices  818  may include main memory, disk storage, or any suitable combination thereof. The memory/storage devices  818  may include, but are not limited to any type of volatile or non-volatile memory such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static random-access memory (SRAM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), Flash memory, solid-state storage, etc. 
     The communication resources  820  may include interconnection or network interface components or other suitable devices to communicate with one or more peripheral devices  806  or one or more databases  808  via a network  810 . For example, the communication resources  820  may include wired communication components (e.g., for coupling via a Universal Serial Bus (USB)), cellular communication components, NFC components, Bluetooth® components (e.g., Bluetooth® Low Energy), Wi-Fi® components, and other communication components. 
     Instructions  824  may comprise software, a program, an application, an applet, an app, or other executable code for causing at least any of the processors  812  to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein. The instructions  824  may reside, completely or partially, within at least one of the processors  812  (e.g., within the processor&#39;s cache memory), the memory/storage devices  818 , or any suitable combination thereof. Furthermore, any portion of the instructions  824  may be transferred to the hardware resources  802  from any combination of the peripheral devices  806  or the databases  808 . Accordingly, the memory of the processors  812 , the memory/storage devices  818 , the peripheral devices  806 , and the databases  808  are examples of computer-readable and machine-readable media. 
     For one or more embodiments, at least one of the components set forth in one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to perform one or more operations, techniques, processes, and/or methods as set forth in the Example Section below. For example, the baseband circuitry as described above in connection with one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more of the examples set forth below. For another example, circuitry associated with a UE, base station, network element, etc. as described above in connection with one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more of the examples set forth below in the example section. 
     Example Section 
     The following examples pertain to further embodiments. 
     Example 1 is a method of determining a plurality of data objects, each data object corresponding to a New Radio (NR) channel using a first subcarrier spacing (SCS) and comprising an NR channel raster position and an Synchronization Signal and Physical Broadcast Channel (SSB) raster position for each NR channel; the method comprising: determining, for each data object, the NR channel raster position, wherein the NR channel raster position comprises a Radio Frequency (RF) reference frequency calculated using an Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (NR-ARFCN); calculating Global Synchronization Channel Number (GSCN) values for the NR channel corresponding to each data object; determining a number of Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs) of the NR channel (N RB ) corresponding to each data object based on the first SCS and a bandwidth of the given NR channel; determining a placement for the NR channel raster position of each data object; computing the edges of each NR channel corresponding to each data object based on the center frequency of the given NR channel and the placement of the NR channel raster position of the data object; calculating the edges of an SSB of the NR channel corresponding to each data object based on the edges of the given NR channel; and determining the SSB raster position of each data object based on the edges of the SSB of the NR channel corresponding to the data object. 
     Example 2 is the method of Example 1, further comprising removing, from the plurality of data objects, all but a remaining one of the plurality of data objects that comprise an NR channel raster position corresponding to the same Long Term Evolution (LTE) channel raster position. 
     Example 3 is the method of Example 2, wherein the remaining one of the plurality of data objects that comprises an NR channel raster position that corresponds to the same Long Term Evolution (LTE) channel raster position is selected to remain because the N RB  of the NR channel corresponding to the data object that is equal to or greater than an N RB  of the NR channel corresponding to each of the other of the plurality of data objects that comprise an NR channel raster position that corresponds to the same Long Term Evolution (LTE) channel raster position. 
     Example 4 is the method of Example 1, further comprising removing, from the plurality of data objects, each data object that comprises an NR channel raster position that does not match an NR channel raster position of any data object of a second plurality of data objects, the second plurality of data objects each corresponding to an NR channel using a second SCS. 
     Example 5 is the method of any of Examples 1-4, wherein the RF reference frequencies are calculated using the formula: F REF =F REF-Offs +ΔF Global  (N REF -N REF -Offs) wherein: F REF  is the given RF reference frequency; F REF-Offs  is a reference frequency offset; ΔF Global  is a granularity of a global frequency raster; N REF  is the NR-ARFCN for the given reference frequency; and N REF -Offs is an NR-ARFCN offset. 
     Example 6 is the method of any of Examples 1-5, wherein the N RBS  are determined according to the following table: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 5 
                 10 
                 15 
                 20 
                 25 
                 30 
                 40 
                 50 
                 60 
                 80 
                 90 
                 100 
               
               
                 SCS 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
               
               
                 (kHz) 
                 N RB   
                 N RB   
                 N RB   
                 N RB   
                 N RB   
                 N RB   
                 N RB   
                 N RB   
                 N RB   
                 N RB   
                 N RB   
                 N RB   
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 15 
                 25 
                 52 
                 79 
                 106 
                 133 
                 160 
                 216 
                 270 
                 N/A 
                 N/A 
                 N/A 
                 N/A 
               
               
                 30 
                 11 
                 24 
                 38 
                 51 
                 65 
                 78 
                 106 
                 133 
                 162 
                 217 
                 245 
                 273 
               
               
                 60 
                 N/A 
                 11 
                 18 
                 24 
                 31 
                 38 
                 51 
                 65 
                 79 
                 107 
                 121 
                 135 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 7 is the method of any of Examples 1-6, wherein the placements for the NR channel raster positions each comprise: a physical resource block (PRB) number of a PRB of the NR channel corresponding to the data object comprising the NR channel raster position; and a resource element index for a resource element corresponding to the NR channel raster position within the PRB. 
     Example 8 is the method of Example 7, wherein the resource element index for the resource element corresponding to the NR channel raster position within the PRB is determinable based on whether the number of PRBs for the NR channel corresponding to the data object comprising the NR channel raster position is even or odd. 
     Example 9 is the method of any of Examples 1-8, further comprising: calculating an Occupied Channel BW (OCB) of each NR channel corresponding to each data object; and determining whether a minimum guardband is available for each NR channel corresponding to each data object on both edges of the OCB of the given channel. 
     Example 10 is a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium including instructions that when executed by a computer, cause the computer to: determine a New Radio (NR) channel raster position for an NR channel, wherein the NR channel raster position comprises a Radio Frequency (RF) reference frequency calculated using an Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (NR-ARFCN); calculate Global Synchronization Channel Number (GSCN) values for the NR channel; determine a number of Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs) for the NR channel (N RB ) based on a subcarrier spacing (SCS) used by the NR channel and a bandwidth of the NR channel; determine a placement for the NR channel raster position; compute the edges of the NR channel based on the center frequency of the NR channel and the placement of the NR channel raster position in the channel; calculate the edges of a Synchronization Signal and Physical Broadcast Channel (SSB) of the NR channel based on the edges of the NR channel; and determine an SSB raster position of the NR channel based on the edges of the SSB. 
     Example 11 is the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of Example 10, wherein the RF reference frequency is calculated using the formula F REF =F REF-Offs +ΔF Global  (N REF −N REF-Offs ) wherein: F REF  is the RF reference frequency; F REF-Offs  is a reference frequency offset; ΔF Global  is a granularity of a global frequency raster; N REF  is the NR-ARFCN for the reference frequency; and N REF-Offs  is an NR-ARFCN offset. 
     Example 12 is the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of any of Examples 10-11, wherein the N RB  is determined according to the following table: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 5 
                 10 
                 15 
                 20 
                 25 
                 30 
                 40 
                 50 
                 60 
                 80 
                 90 
                 100 
               
               
                 SCS 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
                 MHz 
               
               
                 (kHz) 
                 N RB   
                 N RB   
                 N RB   
                 N RB   
                 N RB   
                 N RB   
                 N RB   
                 N RB   
                 N RB   
                 N RB   
                 N RB   
                 N RB   
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 15 
                 25 
                 52 
                 79 
                 106 
                 133 
                 160 
                 216 
                 270 
                 N/A 
                 N/A 
                 N/A 
                 N/A 
               
               
                 30 
                 11 
                 24 
                 38 
                 51 
                 65 
                 78 
                 106 
                 133 
                 162 
                 217 
                 245 
                 273 
               
               
                 60 
                 N/A 
                 11 
                 18 
                 24 
                 31 
                 38 
                 51 
                 65 
                 79 
                 107 
                 121 
                 135 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 13 is the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of any of Examples 10-12, wherein the placement for the NR channel raster position comprises: a physical resource block (PRB) number of a PRB of the channel corresponding to the NR channel raster position; and a resource element index for a resource element corresponding to the NR channel raster position within the PRB. 
     Example 14 is the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of Example 13, wherein the resource element index for the resource element corresponding to the NR channel raster position within the PRB is determinable based on whether the number of PRBs for the NR channel is even or odd. 
     Example 15 is the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of any of Examples 10-15, the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium further including instructions that when executed by the computer, cause the computer to: calculate an Occupied Channel BW (OCB) of the NR channel; and determine whether a minimum guardband is available for the channel on both edges of the OCB. 
     Example 16 is a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium including instructions that when executed by a computer, cause the computer to: down select from a plurality of data objects, each data object corresponding to a New Radio (NR) channel using a first subcarrier spacing (SCS) and comprising an NR channel raster position and a Synchronization Signal and Physical Broadcast Channel (SSB) raster position for each NR channel using the first SCS, wherein down selecting is performed by removing all but a remaining one of the plurality of data objects that comprises an NR channel raster position corresponding to the same Long Term Evolution (LTE) channel raster position. 
     Example 17 is the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of Example 16, wherein the remaining one of the plurality of data objects that comprise an NR channel raster position that corresponds to the same Long Term Evolution (LTE) channel raster position is selected to remain because it comprises an N RB  that is equal to or greater than an N RB  of each of the other of the plurality of data objects that comprise an NR channel raster position that corresponds to the same Long Term Evolution (LTE) channel raster position. 
     Example 18 is the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of Example 16, wherein the down selecting is further performed by removing each data object that comprises a NR channel raster position that does not match an NR channel raster position of any data object of a second plurality of data objects, the second plurality of data objects each corresponding to an NR channel using a second SCS. 
     Example 19 may include a method of operating an NR cellular system utilizing channel raster entry among set of values of F REF , where F REF =F REF-Offs +ΔF Global  (N REF -N REF -Offs), and AF Global-15 kHz, F REF-Offs =3000 MHZ, N REF-Offs =600000, and N REF  is one of {744000, 745344, 746664, 748008, 749328, 750672, 751992, 753336, 754656, 754668, 754680, 756000, 765336, 766656, 766668, 766680, 768000, 769344, 770664, 772008, 773328, 774672, 775992, 777336, 778656, 778668, 778680, 780000, 781344, 783000, 784344, 785664, 787008, 788328, 789672, 790992, 792336, 793656, 793668, 793680, 744660, 746004, 747324, 748668, 749988, 750000, 750012, 751332, 752676, 753996, 755340, 765996, 767340, 768660, 770004, 771324, 772668, 773988, 774000, 774012, 775332, 776676, 777996, 779340, 780660, 783660, 785004, 786324, 787668, 788988, 789000, 789012, 790332, 791676, 792996} or {744000, 744006, 745344, 746664, 746670, 748008, 749328, 749334, 750672, 751992, 51998, 753336, 754656, 754662, 756000, 756006, 765336, 766656, 766662, 768000, 768006, 69344, 770664, 770670, 772008, 773328, 773334, 774672, 775992, 775998, 777336, 78656, 778662, 780000, 780006, 781344, 783000, 783006, 784344, 785664, 785670, 787008, 788328, 788334, 789672, 790992, 790998, 792336, 793656, 793662, 744660, 744666, 746004, 747324, 47330, 748668, 749988, 749994, 750000, 750012, 751332, 751338, 752676, 753996, 754002, 755340, 765996, 766002, 767340, 768660, 768666, 770004, 771324, 771330, 772668, 773988, 773994, 774000, 774012, 775332, 775338, 776676, 777996, 778002, 779340, 780660, 780666, 783660, 783666, 785004, 786324, 786330, 787668, 788988, 788994, 789000, 789012, 790332, 790338, 791676, 792996, 793002} 
     Example 20 may include the method of example 1 or some other example herein, where NR channel raster entries are selected from a subset of the entries in claim  1 , where the subset is a set of values of F REF , where F REF =F REF-Offs +ΔF Global  (N REF −N REF-Offs ), and ΔF Global =15 kHz, F REF-Offs =3000 MHZ, N REF-Offs =600000, and N REF  is {744000, 745344, 746664, 748008, 749328, 750672, 751992, 753336, 754668, 756000, 765336, 766668, 768000, 769344, 770664, 772008, 773328, 774672, 775992, 777336, 778668, 780000, 781344, 783000, 784344, 785664, 787008, 788328, 789672, 790992, 792336, 793668, 744660, 746004, 747324, 748668, 750000, 751332, 752676, 753996, 755340, 765996, 767340, 768660, 770004, 771324, 772668, 774000, 775332, 776676, 777996, 779340, 780660, 783660, 785004, 786324, 787668, 789000, 790332, 791676, 792996} 
     Example 21 may include the method of example 1 or 2 or some other example herein, where corresponding SSB raster entry for a given NR channel entry is given by “3000 MHZ+N*1.44 MHz”, where N is a value from range 0 to 14756 and GSCN is given as “7499+N”, where the GSCN is K+a value from set {8996, 9010, 9023, 9037, 9051, 9065, 9079, 9093, 9107, 9121, 9218, 9232, 9232, 9232, 9246, 9260, 9273, 9287, 9301, 9315, 9329, 9343, 9357, 9357, 9357, 9371, 9385, 9402, 9416, 9430, 9444, 9457, 9471, 9485, 9499, 9513, 9513, 9513, 8996, 9010, 9023, 9037, 9051, 9065, 9079, 9093, 9107, 9218, 9232, 9246, 9260, 9273, 9287}, where K=0 . . . 6. 
     Example 22 may include an apparatus comprising means to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of the above Examples, or any other method or process described herein. 
     Example 23 may include one or more non-transitory computer-readable media comprising instructions to cause an electronic device, upon execution of the instructions by one or more processors of the electronic device, to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of the above Examples, or any other method or process described herein. 
     Example 24 may include an apparatus comprising logic, modules, or circuitry to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of the above Examples, or any other method or process described herein. 
     Example 25 may include a method, technique, or process as described in or related to any of the above Examples, or portions or parts thereof. 
     Example 26 may include an apparatus comprising: one or more processors and one or more computer-readable media comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method, techniques, or process as described in or related to any of the above Examples, or portions thereof. 
     Example 27 may include a signal as described in or related to any of the above Examples, or portions or parts thereof. 
     Example 28 may include a datagram, packet, frame, segment, protocol data unit (PDU), or message as described in or related to any of the above Examples, or portions or parts thereof, or otherwise described in the present disclosure. 
     Example 29 may include a signal encoded with data as described in or related to any of the above Examples, or portions or parts thereof, or otherwise described in the present disclosure. 
     Example 30 may include a signal encoded with a datagram, packet, frame, segment, PDU, or message as described in or related to any of the above Examples, or portions or parts thereof, or otherwise described in the present disclosure. 
     Example 31 may include an electromagnetic signal carrying computer-readable instructions, wherein execution of the computer-readable instructions by one or more processors is to cause the one or more processors to perform the method, techniques, or process as described in or related to any of the above Examples, or portions thereof. 
     Example 32 may include a computer program comprising instructions, wherein execution of the program by a processing element is to cause the processing element to carry out the method, techniques, or process as described in or related to any of the above Examples, or portions thereof. 
     Example 33 may include a signal in a wireless network as shown and described herein. 
     Example 34 may include a method of communicating in a wireless network as shown and described herein. 
     Example 35 may include a system for providing wireless communication as shown and described herein. 
     Example 36 may include a device for providing wireless communication as shown and described herein. 
     Any of the above described examples may be combined with any other example (or combination of examples), unless explicitly stated otherwise. The foregoing description of one or more implementations provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of embodiments to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practice of various embodiments. 
     Embodiments and implementations of the systems and methods described herein may include various operations, which may be embodied in machine-executable instructions to be executed by a computer system. A computer system may include one or more general-purpose or special-purpose computers (or other electronic devices). The computer system may include hardware components that include specific logic for performing the operations or may include a combination of hardware, software, and/or firmware. 
     It should be recognized that the systems described herein include descriptions of specific embodiments. These embodiments can be combined into single systems, partially combined into other systems, split into multiple systems or divided or combined in other ways. In addition, it is contemplated that parameters, attributes, aspects, etc. of one embodiment can be used in another embodiment. The parameters, attributes, aspects, etc. are merely described in one or more embodiments for clarity, and it is recognized that the parameters, attributes, aspects, etc. can be combined with or substituted for parameters, attributes, aspects, etc. of another embodiment unless specifically disclaimed herein. 
     It is well understood that the use of personally identifiable information should follow privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining the privacy of users. In particular, personally identifiable information data should be managed and handled so as to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of authorized use should be clearly indicated to users. 
     Although the foregoing has been described in some detail for purposes of clarity, it will be apparent that certain changes and modifications may be made without departing from the principles thereof. It should be noted that there are many alternative ways of implementing both the processes and apparatuses described herein. Accordingly, the present embodiments are to be considered illustrative and not restrictive, and the description is not to be limited to the details given herein, but may be modified within the scope and equivalents of the appended claims.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20200513
Publication Date: 20241231
Grant Date: 20241231
Priority Date: 20190514
Inventors: TANG, YANG
LEE, DAE WON
Rane, Prerana
MONDAL, BISHWARUP
Kim, Jiwoo
KWAK, YONGJUN
Han, Suenghee
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H04L27/2607", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L27/26025", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L27/26025", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L5/001", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L27/261", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L5/005", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L5/0092", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L27/261", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L27/26025", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L5/001", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L5/005", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L5/0092", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W56/001", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L5/0007", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L5/0007", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L27/2607", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L27/26025", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W56/001", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 70919240