PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-8849028-B2
Application Number: US-201213471475-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Color selection tool for selecting a custom color component

Abstract:
A non-transitory machine readable medium that has a computer program for execution by at least one processing unit is described. The computer program receives a selection of a location on an image that includes several pixels. Each pixel has several color values. The computer program identifies a set of color values of a pixel that corresponds to the selected location on the image. Based on the identified set of color values, the computer program defines a custom color component that is defined by a fractional contribution from each of the plurality of primary color components of the color space. The computer program generates a response curve along the custom color component. The response curve corresponds a set of input color values of the custom color component to a set of output color values of the custom color component.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A non-transitory machine readable medium having a computer program for execution by at least one processing unit, the computer program comprising sets of instructions for:
 receiving a selection of a location on an image comprising a plurality of pixels, each pixel having a plurality of color values; 
 identifying a set of color values of a pixel that corresponds to the selected location on the image; 
 defining, based on the identified set of color values, a custom color component comprising a fractional contribution from each of a plurality of primary color components of a color space; 
 generating a response curve for the custom color component, the response curve mapping a set of input color values that are defined by reference to the custom color component to a set of output color values that are defined by reference to the custom color component; 
 modifying the response curve, by moving a selected portion of the curve, to modify the mapping of the set of input color values to the set of output color values; and 
 adjusting color values of the image based on the modified mapping of the set of input color values to the set of output color values. 
 
     
     
       2. The non-transitory machine readable medium of  claim 1 , wherein the plurality of primary color components comprises a red color component, a blue color component, and a green color component. 
     
     
       3. The non-transitory machine readable medium of  claim 2 , wherein the set of color values of the pixel comprises a color value that corresponds to the red color component, a color value that corresponds to the blue color component, and a color value that corresponds to the green color component. 
     
     
       4. The non-transitory machine readable medium of  claim 1 , wherein the custom color component comprises a range of sets of color values, wherein each set of color values in the range has a same ratio as that of the set of color values of the pixel. 
     
     
       5. The non-transitory machine readable medium of  claim 1 , wherein the computer program further comprises a set of instructions for generating at least one other response curve for a primary color component, the other response curve mapping a set of input color values that are defined by reference to the primary color component to a set of output color values that are defined by reference to the primary color component. 
     
     
       6. The non-transitory machine readable medium of  claim 1 , wherein the computer program further comprises sets of instructions for:
 receiving a manipulation of the response curve; and 
 based on the manipulation of the response curve, further adjusting color values of the image. 
 
     
     
       7. A non-transitory machine readable medium having a computer program which when executed by at least one processing unit adjusts color values of an image, the computer program comprising sets of instructions for:
 displaying, in a display area, an image represented in a color space comprising a plurality of primary color components; 
 receiving a specification of a custom color component that is a composite of two or more of the plurality of primary color components; 
 generating a response graph for the custom color component, the response graph mapping input color values that are defined by reference to the custom color component to output color values that are defined by reference to the custom color component; 
 receiving a manipulation on the response graph by moving a selected portion of the graph in order to modify the mapping of the set of input color values to the set of output color values; and 
 adjusting color values of the image based on the modified mapping of the set of input color values to the set of output color values. 
 
     
     
       8. The non-transitory machine readable medium of  claim 7 , wherein the set of instructions for receiving the specification comprises a set of instructions for receiving a selection of a location of the image. 
     
     
       9. The non-transitory machine readable medium of  claim 8 , the program further comprising a set of instructions for identifying the primary color components from a set of color values of a pixel that corresponds to the selected location on the image. 
     
     
       10. The non-transitory machine readable medium of  claim 7 , wherein the set of instructions for receiving the specification comprises a set of instructions for receiving selection of locations of a plurality of range sliders that each is associated with one of the primary color components. 
     
     
       11. The non-transitory machine readable medium of  claim 10 , the program further comprising a set of instructions for identifying a plurality of color values that correspond to the selected locations. 
     
     
       12. The non-transitory machine readable medium of  claim 11 , the program further comprising a set of instructions for identifying the specification of the custom color component based on the identified color values. 
     
     
       13. A method of providing a media editing application for adjusting color values of an image represented in a color space, the method comprising:
 providing a custom color component composer for:
 receiving a selection of a location on an image; 
 identifying a set of color values of a pixel that corresponds to the selected location on the image; and 
 defining, based on the identified set of color values, a custom color component that comprises a fractional contribution from each of a plurality of primary color components of a color space; and 
 
 providing a curve editor for:
 generating a response curve for the custom color component, the response curve mapping a set of input color values that are defined by reference to the custom color component to a set of output color values that are defined by reference to the custom color component; 
 modifying the response curve, by moving a selected portion of the curve, to modify the mapping of the set of input color values to the set of output color values; and 
 adjusting color values of the image based on the modified mapping of the set of input color values to the set of output color values. 
 
 
     
     
       14. The method of  claim 13 , wherein the plurality of primary color components comprises a red color component, a blue color component, and a green color component. 
     
     
       15. The method of  claim 14 , wherein the set of color values of the pixel comprises a color value that corresponds to the red color component, a color value that corresponds to the blue color component, and a color value that corresponds to the green color component. 
     
     
       16. The method of  claim 13 , wherein the custom color component comprises a range of sets of color values, wherein each set of color values in the range has a same ratio as that of the set of color values of the pixel. 
     
     
       17. The method of  claim 13 , wherein the curve editor is further for:
 receiving a manipulation of the response curve; and 
 based on the manipulation of the response curve, further adjusting color values of the image. 
 
     
     
       18. A method of providing an application for adjusting color values of an image represented in a color space, the method comprising:
 providing a first user interface (UI) for receiving a specification of a custom color component comprising at least one of a plurality of primary color components; 
 providing a graph generator for generating a response graph for the custom color component, the response graph mapping input color values that are defined by reference to the custom color component to output color values that are defined by reference to the custom color component; 
 providing a second UI for receiving a manipulation on the response graph by moving a selected portion of the graph in order to modify the mapping of the set of input color values to the set of output color values; and 
 providing a color adjuster for adjusting the color values of the image based on the modified mapping of the set of input color values to the set of output color values. 
 
     
     
       19. The method of  claim 18 , wherein the first UI is further for receiving a selection of a location of the image. 
     
     
       20. The method of  claim 19 , wherein the first UI is further for identifying a set of color values of a pixel that corresponds to the selected location on the image. 
     
     
       21. The method of  claim 18 , wherein the first UI is further for receiving selection of locations of a plurality of range sliders that each is associated with one of the primary color components. 
     
     
       22. The method of  claim 21 , wherein the first UI is further for identifying a plurality of color values that correspond to the selected locations. 
     
     
       23. The method of  claim 22 , wherein the first UI identifies the specification of the custom color component based on the identified color values.

Description:
CLAIM OF BENEFIT TO PRIOR APPLICATION 
     This application claims benefit to U.S. Provisional Patent Application 61/595,650, entitled “Intuitive Media Editing,” filed Feb. 6, 2012. The U.S. Provisional Patent Application 61/595,650 is incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Digital graphic design, image editing, and video editing applications (hereafter collectively referred to as media content editing applications or media editing applications) provide graphical designers, media artists, and other users with the necessary tools to view and edit a variety of media content. Examples of such applications include iPhoto®, Aperture®, Final Cut Pro® and iMovie®, all sold by Apple, Inc. These applications give users the ability to edit images and videos in a variety of manners. For example, some applications provide different range sliders for adjusting different color values of an image or in a video. 
     Many media editing applications, however, do not provide intuitive color adjustment controls. For example, the user is required to have extensive knowledge about color editing in order to effectively use most of the existing color adjustment tools. Furthermore, the controls for adjusting different aspects of the color values of an image are dispersed in different locations of the user interface. These deficiencies cause unnecessary inconvenience in editing an image. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY 
     Embodiments of several novel user interface (UI) tools for editing a set of images in a media editing application are described. The media editing application of some embodiments provides a color-editing tool that allows a user to create a blended bump on a tonal adjustment graph for adjusting color values of an image. A blended bump (also referred as a composite bump) is a composite of a set of basic bumps. In these embodiments, the color-editing tool of the application allows a user to create a set of basic bumps on a tonal adjustment graph. The color-editing tool blends the set of basic bumps on the graph to form a blended bump, which will be used by the media editing application to adjust the color values of the image. 
     The blended bump corresponds different color values within a tonal range to different adjustment values on the tonal adjustment graph. In some embodiments, the tonal range can be defined along one of the primary color components of a color space (e.g., the red component, the green component, and the blue component of a RGB color space) or along a luminance component. In these embodiments, the blended bump corresponds each color value in the primary color component (or in the luminance component) to a different adjustment value. 
     As mentioned above, the application of some embodiments allows a user to create a set of basic bumps on a tonal adjustment graph by providing a set of inputs on the tonal adjustment graph. Different embodiments of the application use different techniques to implement the basic bumps. In some embodiments, the basic bumps are implemented as Gaussian curves, which are bell-shaped curves. In other embodiments, the basic bumps are implemented as Bezier curves (i.e., ellipsoid-shaped curves) or step-graphs. 
     After the set of basic bumps is created, the media editing application of some embodiments also allows the user to modify the characteristics (e.g., height, width, etc.) of any one of the individual basic bumps in the set by providing another set of inputs on the tonal adjustment graph. This way, the tonal adjustment graph also serves as a UI tool that the user can select and manipulate. In other embodiments, the application allows the user to create and modify the basic bumps by inputting a set of values for defining the properties of the basic bumps (e.g., center location, height, and width, etc.). 
     After the user has created a set of basic bumps on the tonal adjustment graph, the application of some embodiments generates a blended (or composite) bump by blending (or combining) the set of basic bumps on the tonal adjustment graph. Different embodiments use different technique to blend the basic bumps. For example, the media editing application of some embodiments generates the blended bump by adding the values from all the basic bumps. That is, for each location that corresponds to a particular color value on the tonal adjustment graph, the blended bump corresponds to an adjustment value that equals to the sum of the corresponding adjustment values from each of the basic graphs. In other embodiments however, instead of taking the sum of the adjustments from each basic graph, the application of some other embodiments generates the blended bump by taking the highest (or lowest) adjustment value from the basic graphs. In some embodiments, the application uses a function that takes adjustment values from the basic graphs as inputs and generates an output adjustment value for the blended bump. 
     As mentioned above, the tonal range of the tonal adjustment graph can be defined along one of the primary color components or the luminance component. The application of the application of some embodiments also allow the user to define the tonal range along a custom color component that is not one of the primary color components of the color space. Specifically, a custom color component is a composite of two or more primary color components. Each of the primary color contributes a specific fraction that makes up the custom color component. In these embodiments, after the blended bump is created along the custom color component, the application breaks down the blended bump into several curves, each corresponds to a primary color component that contributes to the custom color component. The adjustment values on each divided curve depends on the specific fraction of the corresponding primary color component that makes up the custom color component. The application then uses these curves to adjust the color values of the image. 
     Different embodiments provide different UI tools for allowing the user to select a custom color component. For example, the application of some embodiments provides a set of range sliders that each associated with a primary color component. By adjusting the range sliders, the user can specify a particular fraction for each primary color component that contributes to the custom color component. Instead of or in addition to the range sliders, some embodiments also allow a user to specify a custom color component by selecting a location on a displayed image. The application corresponds the selected location to a particular pixel of the image, and uses the color values of the particular pixel to determine a custom color component. 
     The preceding Summary is intended to serve as a brief introduction to some embodiments as described herein. It is not meant to be an introduction or overview of all inventive subject matter disclosed in this document. The Detailed Description that follows and the Drawings that are referred to in the Detailed Description will further describe the embodiments described in the Summary as well as other embodiments. Accordingly, to understand all the embodiments described by this document, a full review of the Summary, Detailed Description and the Drawings is needed. Moreover, the claimed subject matters are not to be limited by the illustrative details in the Summary, Detailed Description and the Drawings, but rather are to be defined by the appended claims, because the claimed subject matters can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit of the subject matters. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The novel features as described here are set forth in the appended claims. However, for purposes of explanation, several embodiments of the invention are set forth in the following figures. 
         FIG. 1  illustrates an example graphical UI (GUI) of a media editing application of some embodiments that allows a user to edit an image by creating a blended bump. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a set of tools that allow the user to specify a fractional contribution of each primary color component for the custom color component. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates an example of creating a bump on a tonal adjustment graph through a GUI. 
         FIG. 3   a  illustrates an example of manipulating a bump on a tonal adjustment graph through a GUI. 
         FIG. 4  illustrates an example of generating a composite bump by blending two basic bumps together. 
         FIG. 5  illustrates another example of generating a composite bump. 
         FIG. 6  illustrates the mechanism of adding different bumps together. 
         FIG. 7  illustrates a media editing application of some embodiments that allows a user to edit the color values of an image by creating a set of basic bumps on a tonal adjustment graph. 
         FIG. 8  conceptually illustrates a process for generating a composite bump on a tonal adjustment graph and editing an image based on the composite bump. 
         FIG. 9  conceptually illustrates a process for creating a basic bump based on a set of user inputs on a tonal adjustment graph for editing an image. 
         FIG. 10  conceptually illustrates a process for adjusting the color values of an image based on a composite bump on a tonal adjustment graph. 
         FIG. 11  illustrates an example operation of modifying the width of a basic bump. 
         FIG. 12  illustrates another example of modifying the width of one of the basic bumps of a composite bump on a tonal adjustment graph. 
         FIG. 13  conceptually illustrates a process for adjusting the width of a basic bump based on a set of user inputs. 
         FIG. 13   a  illustrate an example operation of modifying one of the basic bumps of a composite bump on a tonal adjustment graph. 
         FIG. 14  illustrates an example of adjusting a composite bump by manipulating a horizontal endpoint of a tonal adjustment graph. 
         FIG. 15  illustrates another example of adjusting an entire composite bump that is made up of more than one basic bump. 
         FIG. 16  conceptually illustrates a process for adjusting the composite bump based on a set of user inputs. 
         FIG. 17  illustrates a color component selection tool in a GUI that allows a user to select one of the primary color component or the luminance component. 
         FIG. 18  illustrates an example of selecting a custom color component for a tonal adjustment graph by adjusting the range sliders. 
         FIG. 19  illustrates another example of selecting a custom color component for a tonal adjustment graph using the range sliders. 
         FIG. 20  illustrates an example of specifying a custom color component for a tonal adjustment graph by selecting a location on a displayed image. 
         FIG. 21  illustrates an example of adjusting a custom color component after the user has specified the custom color component by selecting a location on the displayed image. 
         FIG. 22  illustrates an example of modifying a custom color component on a tonal adjustment graph after a basic bump is created on the tonal adjustment graph. 
         FIG. 23  illustrates a media editing application of some embodiments that allows a user to specify a custom color component for a tonal adjustment graph. 
         FIG. 24  conceptually illustrates a process for editing an image based on a bump on a tonal adjustment graph with a tonal range along a custom color component. 
         FIG. 25  conceptually illustrates the software architecture of a media editing application of some embodiments. 
         FIG. 26  conceptually illustrates an electronic system with which some embodiments of the invention are implemented. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the following detailed description of the invention, numerous details, examples, and embodiments novel user interface tools and a media editing application are set forth and described. However, it will be clear and apparent to one skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the embodiments set forth and that the invention may be practiced without some of the specific details and examples discussed. 
     The media editing application of some embodiments provides a color-editing tool that allows a user to create a blended bump on a tonal adjustment graph for adjusting color values of an image. The tonal adjustment graph is a graph that has vertical and horizontal axes (e.g., x- and y-axis) as well as curves drawn along these axes. In this application, the tonal adjustment graph may mean an area of the media editing application of some embodiments in which bumps can be drawn and plotted along the vertical and horizontal axes. The vertical axis and/or horizontal axis may not have to be displayed in the tonal adjustment graph in some embodiments. 
     A blended bump is a composite of a set of basic bumps. A basic bump is a curve formed by plotting values according to a function on the tonal adjustment graph. As mentioned above, a blended bump is also referred to as a composite bump because a blended bump is a composite of the basic bumps. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates an example graphical UI (GUI)  100  of a media editing application of some embodiments that allows a user to edit an image by creating a blended bump on a graph at four different stages  105 ,  110 ,  115 , and  120 . 
     As shown in the first stage  105  of  FIG. 1 , the GUI  100  illustrates an image  125 , which is a picture of a person canoeing in a sea, and a tonal adjustment graph  140 . As mentioned above, a tonal range of the tonal adjustment graph  140  can be defined along any one of the primary color components of a color space or along a luminance component. In this example, the tonal adjustment graph  140  is defined along the luminance component of the color space in which the color values of the image  125  are defined. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , the tonal adjustment graph  140  is defined along two axes: a horizontal axis that represents different color values along the luminance component of the color space, and a vertical axis that represents different adjustment values. The far left of the horizontal axis represents a minimum luminance value (e.g., a black color). The luminance values increase from the left to the right on the horizontal axis of the tonal adjustment graph  140 , and the far right of the horizontal axis represents a maximum luminance value (i.e., a white color). As such, the darker colors are represented toward the left side of the graph and the brighter colors are represented toward the right side of the graph. The mid-point  145  of the vertical axis of the tonal adjustment graph  140  represents zero adjustment. The adjustment values increases with positive adjustment values from the mid-point  145  to the top of the vertical axis, and decreases with negative adjustment values from the mid-point  145  to the bottom of the vertical axis. 
     Different embodiments of the application allow the user to use different methods to create a basic bump on the tonal adjustment graph  140 . In some embodiments, the application allows the user to create a basic bump on the tonal adjustment graph  140  by specifying a center location and a height of the basic bump. The second stage  110  illustrates the GUI  100  when a user has specified a center location for a basic bump on the tonal adjustment graph  140 . In some embodiments, the application allows the user to specify a center location of a basic bump by selecting a baseline location on the tonal adjustment graph (e.g., a location that corresponds to a particular color value along the color component). The selection of a baseline location may be performed by placing a cursor at the baseline location and providing an input (e.g., an input from a cursor controlling device or a hot key) or by performing a gesture (e.g., placing, pointing, or tapping a finger) at the baseline location on a device having a touch or near touch sensitive screen. As shown in the second stage  110 , the user has specified the center location for the basic bump by placing a cursor  170  at location  130  on the horizontal axis of the tonal adjustment graph  140  and providing an input. The selection is also indicated by the highlighting of the horizontal axis of the tonal adjustment graph  140 . 
     The third stage  115  illustrates the GUI  100  after the user has begun to specify a height for the basic bump. In some embodiments, the application allows the user to specify a height for the basic bump by providing a vector on the tonal adjustment graph. In these embodiments, the magnitude of the vector corresponds to the height of the basic bump (i.e., the larger the magnitude, the higher the basic bump). The vector can be provided by dragging a cursor in a direction on the tonal adjustment graph or by performing a gesture (e.g., dragging a finger) on a device having a touch or near touch sensitive screen that displays the tonal adjustment graph. As shown, the user has provided a vector on the tonal adjustment graph  140  by dragging the cursor  170  upward. As a result of the drag movement, the application generates a basic bump  135  on the tonal adjustment graph  140 . Specifically, the basic bump  135  has a center that corresponds to the selected baseline location  130  and a height that corresponds to the user provided vector. 
     Different embodiments of the application generate different types of basic bumps based on the user&#39;s input on the tonal adjustment graph. In this example, the basic bump  135  generated by the application is a Gaussian curve, which is a bell-shaped curve with two sides gradually fall off from an apex of the curve. In other embodiments, the application may generate the basic bump as a Bezier curve or a step-graph. As mentioned above, the bump on the tonal adjustment graph corresponds different color values within a tonal range to different adjustment values on the tonal adjustment graph. In this example, the bump  135  corresponds different luminance values on the tonal adjustment graph  140  to different adjustment values. As shown, the bump  135  corresponds luminance value  150  to adjustment value  155 , and corresponds luminance value  160  to adjustment value  165 . In this example, since the entire bump  135  is located in the positive region (the region above the horizontal axis) of the tonal adjustment graph  140 , the bump  135  corresponds any luminance value to a positive adjustment value. In other embodiments where the bump covers only the negative region (the region below the horizontal axis) or covers both the positive and the negative region, the bump may correspond some luminance value to negative adjustment values. In some embodiments, the application adjusts the color values of the image  125  based on the bump on the tonal adjustment graph  140 . As shown, the color values of the image  125  have increased in brightness, as indicated by the diagonal lines across the image  125 . 
     When adjusting the color values of the image  125 , the application of some embodiments iteratively performs the following procedure for each pixel in the image  125 . First, the application retrieves, from the pixel, a color value of the particular color component along which the tonal adjustment graph is defined. In this example, the application retrieves the luminance value from the pixel. The application then identifies a corresponding adjustment value for the retrieved color value on the tonal adjustment graph  140 , and uses the adjustment value to adjust the color value of the pixel. Different embodiments use the adjustment value to adjust the color value of the pixel differently. For instance, the application of some embodiments adjusts the color value by multiplying the adjustment value to the color value. Alternatively or conjunctively, the application adjusts the color value by adding the adjustment value to the color value. In some embodiments, the application uses a function other than simple multiplication or addition. Such function would take as inputs the color value of the pixel and the adjustment value and outputs an adjusted color value. 
     The fourth stage  120  illustrates the GUI  100  after the user has moved the cursor further upward on the tonal adjustment graph  140 . The cursor movement specifies a new height for the basic bump  135 . As a result, the application adjusts the height of the bump  135  according to the new vector. The application also re-adjusts the color values of the image  125  based on the modified bump  135 . As shown, the color values of the image  125  in the fourth stage  120  is shown to be brighter than the color values of the image  125  in the third stage  115 , as indicated by more diagonal lines across the image  220 . 
     As mentioned above, the tonal range of a tonal graph may be defined along any one of the primary color components of a color space. In some embodiments, the tonal range may also be defined along a custom color component. A custom color component is a composite of two or more primary color components. Each of the primary color contributes a specific fraction that makes up the custom color component. Different embodiments provide different interfaces for allowing a user to select a custom color component. In one approach, the application provides a set of tools (e.g., range sliders) that allow the user to specify a fractional contribution of each primary color component for the custom color component.  FIG. 2  illustrates an example of such an approach. Specifically,  FIG. 2  illustrates an example of selecting a custom color component for a response graph (for drawing a response curve or a color response curve) through a GUI  200  at four different stages  205 ,  210 ,  215 , and  220 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 2 , the GUI  200  illustrates an image  225 , which is a picture of a person canoeing in a sea, a response graph  240 , and a set of tools  245 - 255  for specifying fractional contributions of the primary color components to the custom color component. The response graph  240  is defined along two axes: a horizontal axis that specifies the original tonal values (input values) along a tonal range, with a minimum tonal value on the left and progressively larger tonal values toward the right, and a vertical axis that specifies the changed tonal values (output values), with a minimum tonal value on the bottom and progressively larger tonal values toward the top. As such, a tonal graph represents changes to the tonal scale of a color space. 
     In this example, the set of tools  245 - 255  are range sliders. Specifically, range slider  245  is for specifying a fractional contribution of a red color component, range slider  250  is for specifying a fractional contribution of a green color component, and range slider  255  is for specifying a fractional contribution of a blue color component. As shown in the first stage  205 , the range slider  245  is at a maximum position (e.g.,  255 ) while the range sliders  250  and  255  are at a minimum position (e.g.,  0 ), indicating a pure red color component. The user can manipulate the range sliders  245 - 255  in order to specify different fractional contributions of the primary color component in this stage. 
     The second stage  210  illustrates the GUI  200  after the user has specified a custom color component. As shown, the user has moved the knob of the range slider  250  from the minimum position to the middle (e.g.,  127 ). The movement of the range slider  250  has caused the custom color component to be changed from a pure red color component to a custom color component with one-third red and two-thirds green. That is, this custom color component is made up of red and green with the red twice as much as the green. 
     The third stage  215  illustrates the GUI  200  when the user begins to adjust the response curve (e.g., a color response curve) on the response graph  240  by selecting a location on the response curve. The fourth stage  220  illustrates the GUI  200  after the user has adjusted the response curve on the response graph  240 . As shown, the user has adjusted the response curve by dragging the cursor toward the top left corner of the response graph  240 . As a result the color values of the image  225  that corresponds to the custom color component have been modified, as indicated by the diagonal lines across the image  220 . 
     Several more detailed embodiments of the invention are described in the sections below. Section I describes details of creating and manipulating a set of basic bumps on a tonal adjustment graph and Section II describes details of specifying a custom color component for defining a tonal range of the tonal adjustment graph. Section III illustrates the software architecture of the media editing application of some embodiments. Finally, Section IV describes an electronic system that implements some embodiments of the invention. 
     I. Creating and Modifying Bumps on a Tonal Adjustment Graph 
     As mentioned above, the application of some embodiments allows a user to create a set of bump on a tonal adjustment graph by providing a set of inputs on the tonal adjustment graph.  FIG. 3  illustrates an example of creating a bump on a tonal adjustment graph through a GUI  300  at four different stages  305 ,  310 ,  315 , and  320 . 
     As shown in the first stage  305  of  FIG. 3 , the GUI  300  includes a display area  370 , a tonal adjustment graph  340 , a selectable UI item  345 , and a drop-down menu  350 . The display area  370  is for displaying an image being edited. In this example, the display area  370  is displaying an image  325 , which is a picture of a red bicycle. The selectable UI item  345  is for initiating a color selection tool for selecting a custom color component for the tonal adjustment graph  340 . The operation of selecting a custom color component will be explained in more details below in Section II. The drop-down menu  350  is for selecting a primary color component or a luminance component for the tonal adjustment graph  340 . In this example, the user has selected the luminance component for the tonal adjustment graph  340 . As such, the tonal adjustment graph  340  is defined along the luminance component of the color space in which the color values of the image  325  are defined. 
     As shown in  FIG. 3 , the tonal adjustment graph  340  is defined along two axes: a horizontal axis that represents different values along the luminance component of the color space, and a vertical axis that represents different adjustment values. The far left of the horizontal axis represents a minimum luminance value (i.e., a black color). The luminance values increase from the left to the right on the horizontal axis of the tonal adjustment graph  340 , and the far right of the horizontal axis represents a maximum luminance value (i.e., a white color). As such, the darker colors are represented toward the left side of the graph and the brighter colors are represented toward the right side of the graph. The mid-point  355  of the vertical axis of the tonal adjustment graph  340  represents zero adjustment. The adjustment values increases with positive adjustment values from the mid-point  355  to the top of the vertical axis, and decreases with negative adjustment values from the mid-point  355  to the bottom of the vertical axis. 
     Different embodiments of the application allow the user to use different methods to create a basic bump on the tonal adjustment graph  340 . In some embodiments, the application allows the user to create a basic bump by specifying a center location and a height of the basic bump. The second stage  310  illustrates the GUI  300  when a user has specified a center location of the basic bump on the tonal adjustment graph  340 . In some embodiments, the application allows the user to specify a center location of a basic bump by selecting a baseline location on the tonal adjustment graph (e.g., a location on the horizontal axis of the tonal adjustment graph  340  that corresponds to a particular color value along the color component). The selection of a baseline location may be performed by placing a cursor at the baseline location and providing an input (e.g., an input from a cursor controlling device or a hot key) or by performing a gesture (e.g., placing, pointing, or tapping a finger) at the baseline location on a device having a touch or near touch sensitive screen. As shown in the second stage  310 , the user has specified the center location for the basic bump by placing a cursor at location  330  on the horizontal axis of the tonal adjustment graph  340  and providing an input. The selection is also indicated by the highlighting of the horizontal axis of the tonal adjustment graph  340 . 
     The third stage  315  illustrates the GUI  300  after the user has begun to specify a height for the basic bump. In some embodiments, the application allows the user to specify a height for the basic bump by providing a vector on the tonal adjustment graph. In these embodiments, the magnitude of the vector corresponds to the height of the basic bump (i.e., the larger the magnitude, the higher the basic bump). The vector can be provided by dragging a cursor in a direction on the tonal adjustment graph or by performing a gesture (e.g., dragging a finger) on a device having a touch or near touch sensitive screen that displays the tonal adjustment graph. As shown, the user has provided a vector on the tonal adjustment graph  340  by dragging the cursor upward, as indicated by the arrow  360 . As a result of the drag movement, the application generates a basic bump  335  on the tonal adjustment graph  340 . Specifically, the basic bump  335  has a center that corresponds to the selected baseline location  330  and a height that corresponds to the user provided vector. 
     Different embodiments of the application generate different types of basic bumps based on the user&#39;s input on the tonal adjustment graph. In this example, the basic bump  335  generated by the application is a Gaussian curve, which is a bell-shaped curve with two sides gradually fall off from an apex of the curve. A Gaussian curve is a symmetrical bell-shaped curve that is generated using a Gaussian function 
                 f   ⁡     (   x   )       =     a   ⁢           ⁢     ⅇ         (     x   -   b     )     2       2   ⁢           ⁢     c   2               ,         
whereas parameter “a” represents the height of the curve&#39;s peak (i.e., the highest point on the Gaussian curve), parameter “b” represents the position of the center of the peak, and parameter “c” controls the width of the “bell”.
 
     The application determines the center of the peak (i.e., parameter “b”) based on the user&#39;s selected baseline location. The application also determines the height of the peak (i.e., parameter “a”) based on the user&#39;s vector input. Different embodiments construct the Gaussian curves with different widths by using different values for the parameter “c” in the Gaussian function. For example, the application of some embodiments may use a larger “c” value (e.g., 0.8) to construct a Gaussian curve with a wide width and the application of other embodiments may use a smaller “c” value (e.g., 0.2) to construct a Gaussian curve with a narrow width. 
     As mentioned above, the curve on the tonal adjustment graph corresponds different color values within a tonal range to different adjustment values on the tonal adjustment graph. In this example, the bump  335  corresponds different luminance values on the tonal adjustment graph  340  to different adjustment values. As shown, the Gaussian curve  335  specifies that the luminance values that are represented at locations around the selected baseline location  330  (i.e., mid-tone luminance values) have a larger positive adjustments than the luminance values that are represented at locations that are farther away from the selected baseline location  330  (i.e., bright and dark color values). In some embodiments, the application adjusts the color values of the image  325  based on the bump. As shown, the color values of the image  325  (especially those having mid-tone luminance values) have increased in brightness. 
     The fourth stage  320  illustrates the GUI  300  after the user has moved the cursor further upward on the tonal adjustment graph  340 , as indicated by the arrow  365 . The cursor movement specifies a new height for the bump  335 . As a result, the application adjusts the height of the bump  335  according to the new vector. The application also re-adjusts the color values of the image  325  based on the modified bump  335 . As shown, the color values of the image  325  (especially those having mid-tone luminance values) in the fourth stage  320  is shown to be brighter than the color values of the image  325  in the third stage  315 . 
     Once a basic bump is created, the media editing application of some embodiments allows the user to manipulate the bump.  FIG. 3   a  illustrates an example manipulation of a basic bump in four different stages  381 - 384 . Specifically, this figures illustrates that the media editing application of some embodiments allows the user to change height of the basic bump or move the basic bump horizontally by providing a vector input vertically and/or horizontally. This figure illustrates a tonal adjustment graph  380  and a basic bump  385 . 
     The first stage  381  illustrates the basic bump  385  that has been created. The user places a cursor  386  and selects a location (e.g., by clicking) on the tonal adjustment graph  380 . The next stage  382  illustrates that the user has dragged the cursor  386  vertically upward in the tonal adjustment graph  380 . The media editing application increases the height as the cursor  386  is moving upward. The dotted curve represents the shape of the basic bump  385  at the previous stage  381 . The media editing application also adjust the color values an image (not shown) based on the modified bump  385 . 
     The third stage  383  shows that the user has dragged the cursor  386  horizontally to the right and the media editing application has moved the basic bump  385  to the right along the horizontal axis. The dotted curve represents the position of the basic bump  385  at the previous stage  382 . The media editing application also adjust the color values the image (not shown) based on the modified bump  385 . 
     The fourth stage  384  illustrates that the user has provided both vertical and horizontal vectors by moving the cursor  386  diagonally (i.e., dragging the cursor diagonally) to the lower left. The media editing application therefore reduces the height of the basic bump  385  as the media editing application moves the basic bump  385  to the left. The media editing application also adjust the color values an image (not shown) based on the modified bump  385 . 
     In the example illustrated above by reference to  FIG. 3 , the application generates a Gaussian curve based on the user&#39;s input on the tonal adjustment graph. In other embodiments, the application may generate different types of curve, such as a Bezier curve, which is an ellipsoid-shaped curve. 
     As mentioned above, the application of some embodiments allows the user to create more than one basic bump on the tonal adjustment graph. In these embodiments, the application generates a composite bump (also referred as a blended bump) by blending the basic bumps together.  FIG. 4  illustrates an example of generating a composite bump by blending two basic bumps together through the GUI  300  at four different stages  405 ,  410 ,  415 , and  420 . 
     The first stage  405  is similar to the fourth stage  320  of  FIG. 3 , except that the tonal adjustment graph  340  includes a different basic bump  435 . As shown, the GUI  300  display the image  325  in the display area  370  and the tonal adjustment graph  340 . The tonal adjustment graph  340  in this example has a tonal range that is defined along a luminance component. As such, the horizontal axis of the tonal adjustment graph  340  represents different luminance values of the color space in which the color values of the image  325  are defined. Since the bump  435  covers an area that is toward the higher end of the luminance spectrum (i.e., the center of the bump  435  is located on the right side of the horizontal axis of the tonal adjustment graph  340 ), only the pixels with high luminance values are adjusted to be brighter. 
     The second stage  410  illustrates the GUI  300  after the user has begun to create a second basic bump on the tonal adjustment graph  340 . As shown, the user has selected a baseline location  425  on the horizontal axis of the tonal adjustment graph  340 . The third stage  415  illustrates the GUI  300  after the user has provided a vector input on the tonal adjustment graph  340 . As shown, the user has dragged the cursor toward the top of the tonal adjustment graph  340 , as indicated by the arrow  430 . Based on the user&#39;s inputs, the application creates a basic bump  440  on the tonal adjustment graph  340  with a center of the bump located at the selected baseline location  425  and a height that corresponds to the vector input. In addition, the application generates a composite bump  445  based on the basic bumps  435  and  440 . Different embodiments of the application use different techniques to generate the composite bump. In this example, the composite bump  445  is generated by adding the two basic bumps  435  and  440 . Specifically, for any given point on the horizontal axis, the composite bump  445  corresponds to an adjustment value that equals to the sum of the corresponding adjustment values from the two basic bumps  435  and  440 . The application of some embodiments adjusts the color values of the image using this composite bump. Since the newly generated composite bump  445  includes the basic bump  440  in addition to the already existing basic bump  435 , the color values of the image  325  with low luminance values are also adjusted to be brighter in this third stage  415 . 
     The fourth stage  420  illustrates the GUI  300  after the user has increased the height of the basic bump  440 . As shown, the user has dragged the cursor further upward, toward the top of the tonal adjustment graph  340 , as indicated by the arrow  450 . As a result, the application modifies the basic bump  440  as well as the composite bump  445  to reflect this change. As a result, the color values of the image  325  with low luminance values are adjusted to be even brighter at the fourth stage  420  than the color values in the third stage  415 . 
       FIG. 4  illustrates an example of generating a composite bump based on two basic bumps that are both on the positive side of the tonal adjustment graph (i.e., above the horizontal axis of the tonal adjustment graph).  FIG. 5  illustrates another example of generating a composite bump through the GUI  300  at four different stages  505 ,  510 ,  515 , and  520 . In the example illustrated in  FIG. 5 , the composite bump is generated based on a basic bump that is on the positive side of the tonal adjustment graph and a basic bump that is on the negative side of the tonal adjustment graph. 
     The first stage  505  is identical to the first stage  405  of  FIG. 4 . As shown, the GUI  300  displays the image  325  in the display area  370  and the tonal adjustment graph  340 . The tonal adjustment graph  340  in this example has a tonal range that is defined along the luminance component. As such, the horizontal axis of the tonal adjustment graph  340  represents different luminance values of the color space in which the color values of the image  325  are defined. Since the bump  435  covers an area that is toward the higher end of the luminance spectrum (i.e., the center of the bump  435  is located on the right side of the horizontal axis of the tonal adjustment graph  340 ), only the color values with high luminance values are adjusted to be brighter. 
     The second stage  510  illustrates the GUI  300  after the user has begun to create a second basic bump on the tonal adjustment graph  340 . As shown, the user has selected a baseline location  525  on the horizontal axis of the tonal adjustment graph  340 . The third stage  515  illustrates the GUI  300  after the user has provided a vector input on the tonal adjustment graph  340 . Unlike the example illustrated in  FIG. 4 , the user in the third stage  515  provides a vector by moving (or dragging) a cursor downwards, toward the bottom of the tonal adjustment graph  340 , as indicated by the arrow  530 . Based on the user&#39;s inputs, the application creates a basic bump  540  on the tonal adjustment graph  340  with a center of the bump located at the selected baseline location  525  and a height that corresponds to the vector input. 
     As shown, since the user creates a vector in a downward direction, the basic bump  540  is on the negative side of the tonal adjustment graph  340  (i.e., the bump  540  is located below the horizontal axis of the tonal adjustment graph  340 ). In addition, the third stage  515  also illustrates that the application generates a composite bump  545  based on the basic bumps  435  and  540 . Different embodiments of the application use different techniques to generate the composite bump. In this example, the composite bump  545  is generated by adding the two basic bumps  435  and  540 . Specifically, for any given point on the horizontal axis, the composite bump  545  corresponds to an adjustment value that equals to the sum of the corresponding adjustment values from the two basic bumps  435  and  540 . The application of some embodiments adjusts the color values of the image using this composite bump. Since the newly generated composite bump  545  includes the basic bump  540 , the color values of the image  325  with low luminance values are adjusted to be darker in this third stage  515 . 
     The fourth stage  520  illustrates the GUI  300  after the user has increased the height of the basic bump  540 . As shown, the user has dragged the cursor further downward, toward the bottom of the tonal adjustment graph  340 , as indicated by the arrow  550 . As a result, the application modifies the basic bump  540  as well as the composite bump  545  to reflect this change. As a result, the color values of the image  325  with low luminance values are adjusted to be even darker at the fourth stage  520  than the color values in the third stage  515 . 
       FIGS. 4 and 5  above illustrate two examples of generating a composite bump by blending two different bumps together. In those two examples, the application blends the different bumps by adding the bumps together.  FIG. 6  illustrates the mechanism of adding different bumps together through two examples  605  and  610 . In example  605 , two basic bumps  620  and  625  have been created on a tonal adjustment graph  615 . As shown, both basic bumps  620  and  625  are on the positive side of the tonal adjustment graph  615  as both bumps  620  and  625  are located above the horizontal axis of the tonal adjustment graph  615 . Each basic bump corresponds different color values represented by different horizontal locations of the tonal adjustment graph  615  to different adjustment values. For example, the basic bump  620  corresponds the color value represented by the horizontal location  635  to a value “x” while the basic bump  625  corresponds the same color value represented by the horizontal location  635  to a value “y”. The example  605  also shows a composite bump  630  that is generated by the application of some embodiments based on the basic bumps  620  and  625 . As shown, the composite bump  630  is generated by adding the two basic bumps  620  and  625  together. Thus, the generated composite bump  630  corresponds each color value represented by a horizontal location of the tonal adjustment graph  615  to an adjustment value that equals to a sum of the color value&#39;s corresponding adjustment values from the two basic bumps  620  and  625 . For example, the generated composite bump  630  corresponds the color value represented by the horizontal location  635  to a value equals to a sum of “x” and “y” (i.e., x+y). 
     Example  610  illustrates another composite bump. In this example, two basic bumps  640  and  645  have been created on the tonal adjustment graph  615 . As shown, the basic bump  640  is on the positive side of the tonal adjustment graph  615  (i.e., above the horizontal axis of the tonal adjustment graph  640 ) while the basic bump  645  is on the negative side of the tonal adjustment graph  615  (i.e., below the horizontal axis of the tonal adjustment graph  640 ). Each basic bump corresponds different color values represented by different horizontal location of the tonal adjustment graph  615  to different adjustment values. For example, the basic bump  640  corresponds the color value represented by the horizontal location  655  to a value “a” while the basic bump  645  corresponds the same color value represented by the horizontal location  655  to a value “−b”. 
     The example  610  also shows a composite bump  650  that is generated by the application of some embodiments based on the basic bumps  640  and  645 . As shown, the composite bump  650  is generated by adding the two basic bumps  640  and  645 . Thus, the generated composite bump  650  corresponds each color value represented by a horizontal location of the tonal adjustment graph to an adjustment value that equals to a sum of the color value&#39;s corresponding adjustment values from the two basic bumps  640  and  645 . For example, the generated composite bump  650  corresponds the color value represented by the horizontal location  655  to a value equals to a sum of “a” and “−b” (i.e., a−b). 
     The application of some embodiments may employ a function to blend two or more basic bumps. For instance, the application may use a function 
                 B   ⁡     (   t   )       =       ∑     i   =   1     n     ⁢           ⁢       f   ⁡     (     1   -       t   -     bc   i         bw   i         )       ⁢     bh   i           ,         
whereas B(t) is the composite bump from blending n bumps, t is a horizontal location of the tonal adjustment graph, bc is the baseline location of each basic bump, bw is the width of each basic bump, and bh is the height of each basic bump. That is, the composite bump&#39;s adjustment value for a particular horizontal location of the tonal adjustment graph is a sum of adjustment values of the basic bumps that are weighted for the particular horizontal location by a weighting function.
 
     Different embodiments use different weighting functions. For instance, the application of some embodiments may use a Gaussian function, a smoothing function, or a liner function, etc. More specifically, the application of some embodiments may use a function,
 
ƒ( x )=6 x   5 −15 x   4 +10 x   3  
 
or a function,
 
ƒ( x )= x   2 *(3−2 x ),
 
whereas in each of these two functions, x is
 
     
       
         
           
             1 
             - 
             
               
                 
                   t 
                   - 
                   
                     bc 
                     i 
                   
                 
                 
                   bw 
                   i 
                 
               
               . 
             
           
         
       
     
     Moreover, the application of some embodiments employs a simple cubic Hermite interpolation technique or Perlin&#39;s smooth step to compute adjustment values when the adjustment values and horizontal location are of floating type. That is, when the resulting adjustment values of the composite bump do not have sufficient granularity, the application of these embodiments interpolates to generate intermediate adjustment values that have sufficient granularity. 
       FIG. 7  illustrates a media editing application  700  of some embodiments that allows a user to edit the color values of an image by creating a set of basic bumps on a tonal adjustment graph. As shown in  FIG. 7 , the media editing application  700  includes a UI module  705 , a bump generator  710 , and a color adjustment engine  720 . The UI module  705  receives user inputs provided on a tonal adjustment graph. In some embodiments, the user inputs include providing a selection of a baseline location on the tonal adjustment graph and providing a vector. 
       FIG. 7  illustrates a set of example user inputs on a tonal adjustment graph  740 . In this example, the user inputs include selecting a baseline location  730  (i.e., a location on the horizontal axis of the tonal adjustment graph  740 ) and providing a vector  735 . After receiving the user inputs on the tonal adjustment graph, the UI module  705  passes the inputs to the bump generator  710 . 
     Based on the received user inputs, the bump generator  710  creates a basic bump on the tonal adjustment graph  740 . In this example, the bump generator  710  creates a basic bump  745  on the tonal adjustment graph  740  based on the baseline location  730  and the vector  735 . In some embodiments, when there exists another bump on the tonal adjustment graph, the media editing application  700  generates a composite bump based on the basic bumps. Since another basic bump  725  has already been created on the tonal adjustment graph  740  in  FIG. 7 , the bump generator  710  generates a composite bump  750  by blending the basic bumps  725  and  745 . 
     The bump generator  710  then passes the composite bump  750  to the color adjustment engine  720 . The color adjustment engine  720  receives an image and adjusts the color values of the image based on the composite bump  750  on the tonal adjustment graph  740 . 
     When adjusting the color values of the image, the application of some embodiments iteratively performs the following procedure for each pixel in the image. First, the application retrieves, from the pixel, a color value of the particular color component along which the tonal adjustment graph is defined. The application then identifies a corresponding adjustment value for the retrieved color value on the tonal adjustment graph, and uses the adjustment value to adjust the color values of the pixel. 
       FIG. 8  conceptually illustrates a process  800  for generating a composite bump on a tonal adjustment graph and editing an image based on the composite bump. In some embodiments, the process is performed by the media editing application  700  of  FIG. 7 . The process  800  begins by displaying (at  805 ) a tonal adjustment graph for a particular image. 
     Next, the process receives (at  810 ) a set of inputs on the tonal adjustment graph. In some embodiments, the set of inputs includes selection of a baseline location on the tonal adjustment graph and definition of a vector. The process then (at  815 ) creates a basic bump on the tonal adjustment graph based on the received set of inputs. In some embodiments, the application uses the selected baseline location as the center location of the basic bump. The application of some embodiments also uses the vector input to specify a height of the basic bump. As mentioned above, the basic bump corresponds different color values within a tonal range to different adjustment values on the tonal adjustment graph. 
     After creating a basic bump based on the user inputs, the process generates (at  820 ) a composite bump on the tonal adjustment graph by blending the basic bump with any existing bumps if necessary. In some embodiments, when there exists one or more other bumps on the tonal adjustment graph, the process generates a composite bump by blending the newly created basic bump with the existing bumps. Different embodiments blend bumps differently as described above. If there does not exist any other bump, the newly created bump is the composite bump for the tonal adjustment graph. 
     Next, the process adjusts (at  825 ) the particular image based on the composite bump on the tonal adjustment graph. The operation of adjusting an image based on a composite bump on a tonal adjustment graph will be described in more detail below by reference to  FIG. 10 . 
     The process then determines (at  830 ) whether there is any more input received on the tonal adjustment graph. If more inputs are received, the process returns to  815  to create a new basic bump based on the newly received inputs. The process will cycle through operations  815 - 830  until no more inputs are received on the tonal adjustment graph. If there is no more inputs received, the process ends. 
       FIG. 9  conceptually illustrates a process  900  for creating a basic bump based on a set of user inputs on a tonal adjustment graph for editing an image. In some embodiments, the process is performed by the bump generator  710  of the media editing application  700 . The process  900  begins by receiving (at  905 ) a selection of a baseline location on a tonal adjustment graph. As mentioned above, the baseline location is a location on an axis of the tonal adjustment graph that represents different values along a color component of a color space. The process then receives (at  910 ) a vector input on the tonal adjustment graph. In some embodiments, the user can provide the vector input by dragging a cursor on the tonal adjustment graph or by performing a gesture (e.g., placing, pointing, or tapping a finger) on a device having a touch or near touch sensitive screen that displays the tonal adjustment graph. 
     After receiving both inputs, the process (at  915 ) creates a basic bump on the tonal adjustment graph with a center of the bump at the selected baseline location and a height that corresponds to the magnitude of the received vector. In some embodiments, the larger vector&#39;s magnitude corresponds to a larger height on the bump. Then the process ends. 
       FIG. 10  conceptually illustrates a process  1000  for adjusting the color values of an image based on a composite bump on a tonal adjustment graph. In some embodiments, the process  1000  is performed by the color adjustment engine  720  of the media editing application  700  during operation  825  of process  800  of  FIG. 8 . In addition, the application performs the process  1000  iteratively for each pixel in the image until all pixels in the image have been traversed and processed. As shown, the process begins by receiving (at  1005 ) a pixel from the image. 
     The process next retrieves (at  1010 ), from the pixel, a color value of the particular color component. As mentioned above, the tonal range of the tonal adjustment graph of some embodiments can be defined along one of the primary color components of a color space in which the color values of an image are defined, or along a luminance component. In these embodiments, the bump on the tonal adjustment graph corresponds each color value along a particular color component to a corresponding adjustment value. For example, if the tonal range of the tonal adjustment graph is defined along a red color component, the process retrieves a red color value from the pixel. The process then identifies (at  1015 ) a corresponding adjustment value for the retrieved color value using the composite bump on the tonal adjustment graph. 
     After identifying the corresponding adjustment value for the pixel, the process uses (at  1020 ) the identified adjustment value to adjust the retrieved color value of the pixel. In some embodiments, the application adjusts the color value by performing a computation using the retrieved color value and the adjustment value (e.g., multiplying the color value by the adjustment value, adding the adjustment value to the color value, using a function that takes as inputs the color value and the adjustment value and outputs the adjusted color value, etc.) 
     The process then determines whether there are any pixels in the image that have not been processed. If more pixels in the image need to be processed, the process returns to  1005  to receive another pixel from the image. The process will cycle through operations  1005 - 1025  until all the pixels in the image are processed. If all the pixels from the image are processed, the process ends. 
     After a bump (a basic bump or a composite bump) is created on the tonal adjustment graph, the application of some embodiments allows the user to modify several attributes of the bump. For example, the application of some embodiments allows a user to select an individual basic bump and adjust the width of the basic bump.  FIG. 11  illustrates an example operation of modifying the width of a basic bump through GUI  300  at four different stages  1105 ,  1110 ,  1115 , and  1120 . 
     The first stage  1105  is identical as the fourth stage  320  of  FIG. 3 . As shown, the GUI  300  displays the image  325  in the display area  370  and the tonal adjustment graph  340 . The tonal adjustment graph  340  also includes a basic bump  335  that was created by a user for adjusting the color values of the image  325 . 
     The second stage  1110  illustrates the GUI  300  after the user has initiated a width adjustment operation on the bump  335  by selecting the bump  335 . In some embodiments, the user may modify the width of a basic bump on the tonal adjustment graph by selecting the basic bump and providing a vector input. The selection of a bump can be performed by placing a cursor at an area inside the bump and providing an input (e.g., an input from a cursor controlling device or a hot key) or by performing a gesture (e.g., placing, pointing, or tapping a finger) on a device having a touch or near touch sensitive screen that displays the bump  335 . As shown, the user has selected the bump  335  by placing a cursor within the area covered by the bump  335  (i.e., the area between the bump  335  and the horizontal axis of the tonal adjustment graph) and providing a providing an input, as indicated by the highlighting of half of the area covered by the bump  335 . 
     The third stage  1115  illustrates the GUI  300  after the user has begun to reduce the width of the bump  335 . In some embodiments, the user may adjust the width of a bump by dragging a cursor either toward the center of the bump or away from the center of the bump. As shown, the user has dragged the cursor toward the center of the bump  335 , as indicated by the arrow  1125 . As a result of the drag movement, the width of the bump  335  has been reduced. In some embodiments, the application re-adjusts the color values of the image when the bump on the tonal adjustment graph is modified. As a result of the modification to the bump  335 , a smaller range of color values along the luminance component is adjusted. As shown, the area of the image  325  that has been adjusted has shrunk in the third stage  1115  compare to the image in the second stage  1110 . 
     In this example, the user has dragged the cursor toward the center of the bump  335  in order to reduce the width of the bump  335 . The fourth stage  1120  illustrates the GUI  300  after the user has further reduced the width of the bump. As shown, the user has dragged the cursor further toward the center of the bump  335 , as indicated by the arrow  1130 . As a result, the width of the bump  335  in the fourth stage  1120  has been further reduced compare to the width of the bump in the third stage  1115 . In addition, due to the modification to the bump  335 , the area in the image that has been adjusted is also reduced. In a similar manner, the user may also drag the cursor away from the center of the bump to enlarge the width of the bump  324 . 
       FIG. 11  illustrates an example of reducing the width of a basic bump on a tonal adjustment graph when there is only one basic bump on the graph.  FIG. 12  illustrates another example of modifying the width of one of the basic bumps of a composite bump on a tonal adjustment graph through the GUI  300  at four different stages  1205 ,  1210 ,  1215 , and  1220 . 
     The first stage  1205  is identical as the fourth stage  420  of  FIG. 4 . As shown, the GUI  300  displays the image  325  in the display area  370  and the tonal adjustment graph  340 . The tonal adjustment graph  340  includes two basic bumps  435  and  440  that are created by a user for adjusting the color values of the image  325 . The tonal adjustment graph  340  also includes a composite bump  445  that is generated based on the basic bumps  435  and  440 . 
     The second stage  1210  illustrates the GUI  300  after the user has initiated a width adjustment operation on the bump  440  by selecting the bump  440 . In some embodiments, the user may modify the width of one of the basic bumps of a composite bump on the tonal adjustment graph by selecting the basic bump and providing a vector input. The selection of a bump can be performed by placing a cursor at an area inside the bump and providing an input (e.g., an input from a cursor controlling device or a hot key) or by performing a gesture (e.g., placing, pointing, or tapping a finger) on a device having a touch or near touch sensitive screen that displays the bump  440 . As shown, the user has selected the bump  440  by placing a cursor within the area covered by the bump  440  (i.e., the area between the bump  440  and the horizontal axis of the tonal adjustment graph) and providing a providing an input, as indicated by the highlighting of half of the area covered by the bump  440 . As a result, the blended 
     The third stage  1215  illustrates the GUI  300  after the user has begun to reduce the width of the bump  440 . In some embodiments, the user may adjust the width of a bump by dragging a cursor either toward the center of the bump or away from the center of the bump. As shown, the user has dragged the cursor toward the center of the bump  440 , as indicated by the arrow  1250 . As a result of the drag movement, the width of the bump  440  has been reduced. In some embodiments, the application re-adjusts the color values of the image when the bump on the tonal adjustment graph is modified. As a result of the modification to the bump  440 , a smaller range of dark color values (with low luminance values) along the luminance component is adjusted. As shown, the area of the image  325  that has been adjusted has shrunk in the third stage  1215  compare to the image in the second stage  1210 . As a result, the blended bump  445  has been changed. That is, the horizontal range shared by the basic bumps  435  and  440  has been shrunk and the adjustment values represented by the blended bump for the range have been changed accordingly. 
     The fourth stage  1220  illustrates the GUI  300  after the user has further reduced the width of the bump. As shown, the user has dragged the cursor further toward the center of the bump  440 , as indicated by the arrow  1255 . As a result, the width of the bump  440  in the fourth stage  1220  has been further reduced compare to the width of the bump in the third stage  1215 . In addition, due to the modification to the bump  440 , the area in the image that has been adjusted is also reduced. 
       FIG. 13  conceptually illustrates a process  1300  for adjusting the width of a basic bump based on a set of user inputs. In some embodiments, the process is performed by the media editing application  700  of  FIG. 7 . The process  1300  begins by receiving (at  1305 ) a selection of a basic bump on the tonal adjustment graph. As mentioned, the selection of a basic bump can be performed by placing a cursor at an area inside the bump and providing an input (e.g., an input from a cursor controlling device or a hot key) or by performing a gesture (e.g., placing, pointing, or tapping a finger) on a device having a touch or near touch sensitive screen that displays the bump. 
     Next, the process receives (at  1310 ) a set of inputs on the tonal adjustment graph for adjusting the width of the selected bump. In some embodiments, the user may adjust the width of a bump by dragging a cursor either toward the center of the bump or away from the center of the bump. 
     The process then (at  1315 ) adjusts the width of the selected bump based on the set of inputs. In some embodiments, dragging the cursor toward the center of the bump reduces the width of the bump and dragging the cursor away from the center of the bump enlarges the width of the bump. In addition, the extent of adjustment to the bump&#39;s width corresponds to the extent of the user&#39;s drag movement. 
     After adjusting the width of the basic bump, the process then modifies (at  1320 ) the composite bump based on the adjusted bump and other existing bumps. In some embodiments, the process modifies a horizontal range of the composite bump that the adjusted width of the basic bump spans. That is, the adjustment values within the range of the composite bump are modified because the adjustment values of the basic bump are modified as the width of the basic bump is adjusted. 
     Next, the process re-adjusts (at  1325 ) the color values of the image based on the updated composite bump on the tonal adjustment graph. The process then determines (at  1330 ) whether a basic bump is being selected. If another basic bump is selected, the process returns to  1310  to receive another set of inputs for modifying the width of the selected bump. The process will cycle through operations  1310 - 1330  until no more basic bump is selected. If no more bump is selected, the process ends. 
       FIGS. 11 and 12  illustrate two examples of adjusting the width of a basic bump on a tonal adjustment graph. In addition to adjusting the characteristics of a basic bump, the application of some embodiments also allows the user to adjust the entire composite bump. Different embodiments of the application provide different tools for adjusting the entire composite bump. In one approach, the application allows the user to adjust the entire composite bump by selecting and modifying one of the horizontal endpoints of the tonal adjustment graph.  FIG. 14  illustrates an example of this approach. Specifically,  FIG. 14  illustrates an example of adjusting a composite bump by manipulating a horizontal endpoint of a tonal adjustment graph through the GUI  300  at four different stages  1405 ,  1410 ,  1415 , and  1420 . 
     The first stage  1405  is similar to the fourth stage  320  of  FIG. 3 , except that the tonal adjustment graph  340  includes a different basic bump  1435  that is created by a user. As shown, the GUI  300  displays the image  325  in the display area  370  and the tonal adjustment graph  340 . Since the tonal adjustment graph  340  in this example only includes one basic bump  1435 , the composite bump  1450  includes the basic bump  1435  and the flat line that extends toward the right side of the graph  340  from the basic bump  1435 . 
     The tonal adjustment graph  340  in this example has a tonal range that is defined along a luminance component. As such, the horizontal axis of the tonal adjustment graph  340  represents different luminance values of the color space in which the color values of the image  325  are defined. Since the bump  1435  covers an area that is toward the lower end of the luminance spectrum (i.e., the center of the bump  1435  is located on the left side of the horizontal axis of the tonal adjustment graph  340 ), only the color values with low luminance values are adjusted to be brighter. 
     In some embodiments, the user may modify the composite bump by selecting and manipulating one of the two horizontal endpoints (end portions)  1440  and  1445  of the tonal adjustment graph  340 . The horizontal endpoints  1440  and  1445  (at the two ends of the horizontal axis) corresponds to the minimum color component value and the maximum color component value on the tonal adjustment graph  340 . The second stage  1410  illustrates the GUI  300  after the user has initiated a bump adjustment operation by selecting an endpoint. The selection of the endpoint can be performed by placing a cursor on the endpoint and providing an input (e.g., an input from a cursor controlling device or a hot key) or by performing a gesture (e.g., placing, pointing, or tapping a finger) on a device having a touch or near touch sensitive screen that displays the endpoint. As shown, the user has selected the endpoint  1440  by placing a cursor on the endpoint  1440 , as indicated by the highlighting of the endpoint  1440 . 
     The third stage  1415  illustrates the GUI  300  after the user has begun to adjust the composite bump. In some embodiments, the user may adjust the composite bump by dragging an endpoint up or down. As shown, the user has dragged the cursor down, toward the bottom of the tonal adjustment graph  340 , as indicated by the arrow  1455 . As a result of the drag movement, the composite bump has been adjusted. The composite bump before adjustment is depicted in dashed line. Different embodiments of the application use different techniques to adjust the composite bump based on the manipulation of an endpoint. In this example, the application modifies the adjustment value of the minimum or maximum color component value (depending on which endpoint the user has selected and manipulates) according to the user&#39;s manipulation. For example, if the user drags the end point up, the application increases the adjustment value on the composite bump that corresponds to the minimum or maximum color component value. Similarly, if the user drags the end point down, the application decreases the adjustment value on the composite bump that corresponds to the minimum or maximum color component value. 
     In some embodiments, the application also modifies the adjustment values on the composite bump that correspond to the other color component values, but the modification to the adjustment values decreases on the composite bump as the corresponding horizontal location is farther away from the selected end point. In addition, the application retains (does not modify) the adjustment value on the composite bump that corresponds to the unselected endpoint location. That is, an adjustment value that corresponds to a color component value that is closer to the moving endpoint gets changed more than an adjustment value that corresponds to a color component value that is farther to the moving endpoint does. And the adjustment value that corresponds to the other endpoint does not get changed at all in some embodiments. 
     As shown, since the user drags the cursor down in this example, the entire composite bump  1450  is adjusted. Different sections on the composite bump  1450  have different extents of adjustments. As shown, the section of the composite bump  1450  closer to the selected endpoint  1440  has larger extents of adjustments than the section of the composite bump  1450  that is farther away from the selected endpoint  1440 . In addition, the point of the composite bump  1450  at the unselected endpoint  1445  is unchanged. The color values of the image  325  are also modified according to the update to the composite bump  1450  at this third stage  1415 . 
     In this example, the user has dragged the cursor down toward the bottom of the tonal adjustment graph  340  to reduce the adjustment values along the entire composite bump  1450 . In a similar manner, the user may also drag the cursor up to increase the adjustment values along the entire composite bump  1450 . The fourth stage  1420  illustrates the GUI  300  after the user has further reduced the adjustment values of the composite bump  1450 . As shown, the user has dragged the cursor further down toward the bottom of the tonal adjustment graph  340 , as indicated by the arrow  1460 . As a result, the adjustment values of the entire composite bump  1450  has been further reduced. In addition, due to the modification to the composite bump  1450 , the color values of the image  325  have also been adjusted according to the updated composite bump  1450 . 
       FIG. 13   a  illustrates an example of adjusting a composite bump on a tonal adjustment graph by adjusting one of the basic bumps that make up the composite bump. Specifically,  FIG. 13   a  illustrates that the media editing application of some embodiments highlights different portions of different basic bumps of the composite bump as the cursor is hovering over the different portions of the different basic bumps. This figure also illustrates that the media editing application of some embodiments allows the user to select one of the basic bumps and modify the basic bump by selecting and dragging a portion of the basic bump. This figures illustrates a composite bump  1360  that is generated by blending two basic bumps  1365  and  1370 . 
     The media editing application defines one or more selectable regions within a basic bump (i.e., within the area enclosed by the horizontal axis and the curve of the basic bump) that is one of several basic bumps that are blended into form a composite bump. For instance, the media editing application of some embodiments defines three regions of the basic bump—left region, middle region, and right region. The left and right regions of the basic bump in some embodiments are for adjusting the width of the basic bump. The user can select either of the left or right regions and adjust the width of the basic bump by providing a vector input. Modifying the width of the basic bump may be done in a similar manner described above by reference to  FIGS. 11 and 12 . 
     The middle region of the basic bump in some embodiments is for adjusting the height of the basic bump as well as for moving the basic bump horizontally. That is, when the user selects the middle region of the basic bump and provides a vector input that may have both a vertical component and a horizontal component, the media editing application changes the height of the basic bump based on the vertical component of the vector input and moves the basic bump horizontally along the horizontal axis of the tonal adjustment graph based on the horizontal component of the vector input. 
     The first stage  1351  illustrates that the user has placed a cursor  1355  on the left of the composite bump  1360 . The next stage  1352  illustrates that the user has moved the cursor  1355  over the left region of the basic bump  1365 . The media editing application highlights the left region of the basic bump  1365 . The highlighting is depicted as horizontal lines covering the region. The user may select this region and provide a vector input in order to adjust the width of the basic bump  1365 . 
     The third stage  1353  shows that the user has moved the cursor  1355  over the middle region of the basic bump  1365 . The media editing application highlights the middle region of the basic bump  1365  as shown. The user may select this region and provide a vector input in order to adjust the height of the basic bump  1365  or move the basic bump  1365  to the left or to the right along the horizontal axis. 
     The next stage  1354  illustrates that the user has moved the cursor  1355  over the right region of the basic bump  1365 . The media editing application highlights the right region of the basic bump  1365  as shown. The user may select this region and provide a vector input in order to adjust the width of the basic bump  1365 . 
     The fifth stage  1355  illustrates that the user has move the cursor  1355  over the left region of the basic bump  1370 . The media editing application highlights the left region of the basic bump  1370  as shown. The user may select this region and provide a vector input in order to adjust the width of the basic bump  1370 . 
     The sixth stage  1356  shows that the user has moved the cursor  1355  over the middle region of the basic bump  1370 . The media editing application highlights the middle region of the basic bump  1370  as shown. The user may select this region and provide a vector input in order to adjust the height of the basic bump  1370  or move the basic bump  1370  to the left or to the right along the horizontal axis. 
     The seventh stage  1357  illustrates that the user has selected the middle region of the basic bump  1370  by clicking on the middle region of the basic bump  1370 . The final stage  1358  illustrates that the user has moved the cursor  1355  to the upper left direction from the position of the cursor at the previous stage  1357 . The user thereby has provided a vector input that has both a vertical component and a horizontal component. The media editing application increases the height of the basic bump  1370  based on the vertical component of the vector input. The media editing application at the same time moves the basic bump  1370  to the left according to the horizontal component of the vector input. The media editing application does not change the width of the basic bump  1370 . The media editing application also modifies the composite bump  1360  as the media editing application modifies the basic bump  1370 . The media editing application also adjust the color values an image (not shown) based on the modified composite bump  1360 . 
       FIG. 14  illustrates an example of adjusting a composite bump on a tonal adjustment graph that is made up of only one basic bump.  FIG. 15  illustrates another example of adjusting an entire composite bump that is made up of more than one basic bump. Specifically,  FIG. 15  illustrates an example of adjusting a composite bump by manipulating a horizontal endpoint of a tonal adjustment graph through the GUI  300  at four different stages  1505 ,  1510 ,  1515 , and  1520 . 
     The first stage  1505  is identical to the fourth stage  420  of  FIG. 4 . As shown, the GUI  300  displays the image  325  in the display area  370  and the tonal adjustment graph  340 . The tonal adjustment graph includes two basic bumps  435  and  440  and also a composite bump  445  that is generated based on the two basic bumps  435  and  440 . 
     The tonal adjustment graph  340  in this example has a tonal range that is defined along a luminance component. As such, the horizontal axis of the tonal adjustment graph  340  represents different luminance values of the color space in which the color values of the image  325  are defined. 
     In some embodiments, the user may modify the composite bump by selecting and manipulating one of the two horizontal endpoints  1440  and  1445  of the tonal adjustment graph  340 . The horizontal endpoints  1440  and  1445  (at the two ends of the horizontal axis) corresponds to the minimum color component value and the maximum color component value on the tonal adjustment graph  340 . The second stage  1410  illustrates the GUI  300  after the user has initiated a bump adjustment operation by selecting an endpoint. The selection of the endpoint can be performed by placing a cursor on the endpoint and providing an input (e.g., an input from a cursor controlling device or a hot key) or by performing a gesture (e.g., placing, pointing, or tapping a finger) on a device having a touch or near touch sensitive screen that displays the endpoint. As shown, the user has selected the endpoint  1440  by placing a cursor on the endpoint  1440 , as indicated by the highlighting of the endpoint  1440 . 
     The third stage  1515  illustrates the GUI  300  after the user has begun to adjust the composite bump. In some embodiments, the user may adjust the composite bump  445  by dragging an endpoint up or down. As shown, the user has dragged the cursor down, toward the bottom of the tonal adjustment graph  340 , as indicated by the arrow  1555 . As a result of the drag movement, the composite bump has been adjusted. When the adjusted composite bump is made up of two or more basic bumps, the application of some embodiments adjusts the basic bumps that make up the composite bump accordingly while the application of other embodiments does not adjust the basic bumps as the composite bump is adjusted. 
     As shown, since the user drags the cursor down in this example, the entire composite bump  445  is adjusted. Different sections on the composite bump  445  have different extents of adjustments. As shown, the section of the composite bump  445  closer to the selected endpoint  1440  has larger extents of adjustment than the section of the composite bump  445  that is farther away from the selected endpoint  1440 . In addition, the point of the composite bump  1450  at the unselected endpoint  1445  is unchanged. The color values of the image  325  are also modified according to the update to the composite bump  445  at this third stage  1515 . 
     In this example, the user has dragged the cursor down toward the bottom of the tonal adjustment graph  340  to reduce the adjustment values along the entire composite bump  445 . The fourth stage  1520  illustrates the GUI  300  after the user has further reduced the adjustment values of the composite bump  445 . As shown, the user has dragged the cursor further down toward the bottom of the tonal adjustment graph  340 , as indicated by the arrow  1560 . As a result, the adjustment values of the entire composite bump  445  has been further reduced. In addition, due to the modification to the composite bump  445 , the color values of the image  325  have also been adjusted according to the updated composite bump  445 . In a similar manner, the user may also drag the cursor up to increase the adjustment values along the entire composite bump  445 . 
       FIG. 16  conceptually illustrates a process  1600  for adjusting the composite bump based on a set of user inputs. In some embodiments, the process is performed by the media editing application  700  of  FIG. 7 . The process  1600  begins by receiving (at  1605 ) a selection of an endpoint on the tonal adjustment graph of an image. As mentioned, the endpoints correspond to the minimum or the maximum color component value on the tonal adjustment graph. 
     Next, the process receives (at  1610 ) a set of inputs on the selected endpoint. In some embodiments, the user may adjust composite bump by dragging the selected endpoint up or down. The process then (at  1615 ) adjusts the composite bump based on the set of inputs. In some embodiments, the section of the composite bump closer to the selected endpoint has larger extents of adjustments than the section of the composite bump that is farther away from the selected endpoint. In addition, the point of the composite bump at the unselected endpoint is unchanged. 
     After adjusting the composite bump, the process then re-adjusts (at  1620 ) the color values of the image based on the updated composite bump on the tonal adjustment graph. In some embodiments, the process adjusts the color values of the image by performing a computation using the adjustment values of the adjusted composite bump (e.g., multiplying the color values by the corresponding adjustment values, adding the corresponding adjustment values to the color values, using a function that takes as inputs the color values and the corresponding adjustment values and outputs the adjusted color values, etc.) 
     The process then determines (at  1625 ) whether an endpoint is selected. If another endpoint is selected, the process returns to  1610  to receive another set of inputs for modifying the composite bump. The process will cycle through operations  1610 - 1625  until no more endpoint is selected. If no more endpoint is selected, the process ends. 
     II. Color Component Selection for Tonal Graphs 
     As mentioned above, the tonal range of the tonal adjustment graph can be defined along one of the primary color components or the luminance component. In the examples illustrated above by reference to  FIGS. 3 ,  4 ,  5 ,  11 ,  12 ,  14 , and  15 , the tonal ranges of the tonal adjustment graphs are defined along the luminance component. The media editing application of some embodiments allows a user to select a different primary color component for the tonal range of the tonal adjustment graph through the GUI. Different embodiments of the application implement different tools for allowing a user to select a different color component. In one approach, the application provides a color component selection tool in the GUI that allows a user to select one of the primary color component or the luminance component.  FIG. 17  illustrates an example of such an approach. Specifically,  FIG. 17  illustrates the operation of selecting a different color component for the tonal adjustment graph through the GUI  300  at six different stages  1705 ,  1710 ,  1715 ,  1720 ,  1725 , and  1730 . 
     The first stage  1705  is identical to the first stage  305  of  FIG. 3 . As shown, the GUI  300  displays the image  325  in the display area  370  and the tonal adjustment graph  340 . The GUI  300  also displays a selectable UI item  350  for invoking a color component selection tool for selecting a color component for the tonal adjustment graph  340 . In some embodiments, the application also displays the current selection of color component for the tonal adjustment graph on the GUI. For example, the application may display the current selection of color component “luma” on the selectable UI item  350 . 
     The second stage  310  illustrates the GUI  300  after the user has invoked the color component selection tool. As shown, the user has invoked the color component selection tool by selecting the selectable UI item  350 . Different embodiments implement the color component selection tool differently. In this example, the color component selection tool is implemented as a drop down menu. As shown, after the user has selected the selectable UI item  350 , a drop down menu  1740  is displayed in the GUI  300 . The drop down menu  1740  includes four selectable UI items for selecting the luminance component or one of the three primary color components. For example, the selectable UI item  1745  labeled “L” is associated with the luminance component, the selectable UI item  1750  labeled “R” is associated with the red primary color component, the selectable UI item  1755  labeled “G” is associated with the green primary color component, and the selectable UI item  1750  labeled “B” is associated with the blue primary color component. 
     The third stage  1715  illustrates the GUI  300  after the user has selected the selectable UI item  1750 . As a result, the application modifies the tonal adjustment graph  340  such that the tonal range is now defined along the red primary color component instead of the luminance component. That is, the horizontal axis of the tonal adjustment graph  340  now represents different color values along the red primary color component (i.e., different red color values). The far left of the horizontal axis represents a color of black (i.e., a red color value of zero). The red color values increase from the left to the right on the horizontal axis and the far right of the horizontal axis represents a maximum red color value. 
     The fourth stage  1720  illustrates the GUI  300  when a user has begun to create a bump on the tonal adjustment graph  340  by specifying a center location of the basic bump on the tonal adjustment graph  340 . In some embodiments, the application allows the user to specify a center location of a basic bump by selecting a baseline location on the tonal adjustment graph (e.g., a location that corresponds to a particular color value along the color component). The selection of a baseline location may be performed by placing a cursor at the baseline location and providing an input (e.g., an input from a cursor controlling device or a hot key) or by performing a gesture (e.g., placing, pointing, or tapping a finger) at the baseline location on a device having a touch or near touch sensitive screen. As shown in the fourth stage  1720 , the user has specified the center location for the basic bump by placing a cursor at location  1765  on the horizontal axis of the tonal adjustment graph  340  and providing an input. The selection is also indicated by the highlighting of the horizontal axis of the tonal adjustment graph  340 . 
     The fifth stage  1725  illustrates the GUI  300  after the user has begun to specify a height for the basic bump. In some embodiments, the application allows the user to specify a height for the basic bump by providing a vector on the tonal adjustment graph. In these embodiments, the magnitude of the vector corresponds to the height of the basic bump (i.e., the larger the magnitude, the higher the basic bump). The vector can be provided by dragging a cursor in a direction on the tonal adjustment graph or by performing a gesture (e.g., dragging a finger) on a device having a touch or near touch sensitive screen that displays the tonal adjustment graph. As shown, the user has provided a vector on the tonal adjustment graph  340  by dragging the cursor upward, toward the top of the tonal adjustment graph  340 , as indicated by the arrow  1770 . As a result of the drag movement, the application generates a basic bump  1775  on the tonal adjustment graph  340 . Specifically, the basic bump  1775  has a center that corresponds to the selected baseline location  1765  and a height that corresponds to the user provided vector. 
     In this example, the basic bump  1775  corresponds different color values along the red primary color component on the tonal adjustment graph  340  to different adjustment values. As shown, the basic bump  1775  specifies that the color values that are represented at locations around the selected baseline location  1765  (i.e., mid-tone colors) have a larger positive adjustments than the luminance values that are represented at locations that are farther away from the selected baseline location  1765  (i.e., dark or bright colors). In some embodiments, the application adjusts the color values of the image  325  based on the basic bump  1775 . As shown, the color values of the image  325  (especially those with mid-tone colors) have been changed to become more red. 
     The sixth stage  1730  illustrates the GUI  300  after the user has moved the cursor further upward on the tonal adjustment graph  340 . The cursor movement specifies a new height for the basic bump  1775 . As a result, the application adjusts the height of the basic bump  1775  according to the new vector. The application also re-adjusts the color values of the image  325  based on the modified basic bump  1775 . As shown, the color values of the image  325  (especially those having mid-tone) in the sixth stage  1730  is shown to be even more red than the color values of the image  325  in the fifth stage  1725 . 
       FIG. 17  above illustrates an example of changing the color component along which the tonal adjustment graph is defined to a red color component. In some embodiments, the user may selects other primary color components (e.g., the green color component, the blue color component, etc.) using similar techniques. 
     In addition to selecting a primary color component or a luminance component for the tonal adjustment graph, some embodiments of the application also allow the user to define the tonal range along a custom color component that is not one of the primary color components or the luminance component of the color space. Specifically, a custom color component is a composite of two or more primary color components. Each of the primary color contributes a specific fraction that makes up the custom color component. 
     Different embodiments provide different UI tools for allowing the user to select a custom color component. For example, the application of some embodiments provides a set of range sliders that each associated with a primary color component. By adjusting the range sliders, the user can specify a particular fraction for each primary color component that contributes to the custom color component.  FIG. 18  illustrates an example of selecting a custom color component for a tonal adjustment graph by adjusting the range sliders through the GUI  300  at four different stages  1805 ,  1810 ,  1815 , and  1820 . 
     As shown in the first stage  1805  of  FIG. 18 , the GUI  300  displays an image  325  in the display area  370 , the tonal adjustment graph  340 , and also the selectable UI item  345  for invoking the custom color component selection tool. The tonal adjustment graph  340  in this example includes a tonal range that is defined along the red primary color component. The second stage  1810  illustrates the GUI  300  after the user has invoked the custom color component selection tool. As shown, the user has invoked the custom color component selection tool by selecting the selectable UI item  345 . As a result, a new window  1845  appears in the GUI  300 . The window  1845  includes three UI controls  1850 - 1860 , and a display area  1865  for displaying the color component that has been selected by the user. The three UI controls  1850 - 1860  allow a user to select a custom color component for the tonal adjustment graph by specifying a fractional contribution for each primary color component. For example, the user can adjust the UI control  1850  to specify a fractional contribution for the red color component, the user can adjust the UI control  1855  to specify a fractional contribution for the green color component, and the user can also adjust the UI control  1860  to specify a fractional contribution for the blue color component. Although the UI controls  1850 - 1860  are implemented as range sliders in this example, the application of other embodiments may provide different types of range related UI controls (e.g., dials, buttons, number fields, and the like) for specifying the fractional contributions of the primary color components. 
     As shown in the second stage  1810 , since the tonal range of the tonal adjustment graph  340  is currently defined along the red primary color component, only the UI control  1850  (i.e., associated with the red color component) shows a maximum value while the UI controls  1855  and  1860  (associated with the green and blue color component respectively) show a minimum value. As such, the display area  1865  displays a pure red color indicating that the selected color component is a pure red color component. 
     The third stage  1815  illustrates the GUI  300  after the user has specified a different custom color component. As shown, the user has moved a knob  230  of the UI control  1855  (associated with the green color component) toward the right, thereby increasing the fractional contribution by the green color component. As shown in the display area  1865 , the custom color component is now an orange color, which is a composite of the red color component and the green color component. Specifically, the custom color component that is specified in the third stage  1815  includes a larger fractional contribution from the red color component and a smaller fractional contribution from the green color component. 
     The fourth stage  1820  illustrates the GUI  300  after the user has created a basic bump on the tonal adjustment graph  340 . As shown, the user has selected a baseline location  1870  on the horizontal axis of the tonal adjustment graph  340 , and provided a vector, as indicated by the arrow  1875 . Based on the user&#39;s input (i.e., the selected baseline location and the vector), the application creates a basic bump  1880  on the tonal adjustment graph  340 . As mentioned above, the bump  1880  on the tonal adjustment graph  340  corresponds different color values within a tonal range along a particular color component to different adjustment values. The application then adjusts the color values of the image  325  based on the bump  1880 . In some embodiments, before adjusting the color values of the image  325 , the application breaks down the composite bump  1880  into several curves for the primary color components that have contributed to the custom color component. In this example, the application uses the composite bump  1880  to generate a curve for the red color component and a curve for the green color component. In some of these embodiments, the application breaks down the composite bump  1880  according to the fractional contribution of each primary color component to make up the custom color component. Thus, if the application determines that the custom color component is made up of sixty percent (60%) of the red color component and forty percent (40%) of the green color component, the application creates a curve for the red color component that is sixty percent of the composite bump  1880  and a curve for the green color component that is forty percent of the composite bump  1880 . Thus, when the composite bump  1880  corresponds a particular color value to a value “x” on the tonal adjustment graph  340 , the curve for the red component corresponds the particular color value to a value equals to sixty percent of “x”, and the curve for the green color component corresponds the particular color value to a value equals to forty percent of “x”. 
     The application then adjusts the color values of the image  325  based on these curves that are generated for each primary color component. As shown, the colors of the image  325  (especially those having mid-tone colors) have been modified to become more orange. 
       FIG. 19  illustrates another example of selecting a custom color component for a tonal adjustment graph using the range sliders through the GUI  300  at four different stages  1905 ,  1910 ,  1915 , and  1920 . 
     The first stage  1905  is identical to the first stage  305  of  FIG. 3 . As shown, the GUI  300  displays the image  325  in the display area  370 , the tonal adjustment graph  340 , and also the selectable UI item  345  for invoking the custom color component selection tool. The tonal adjustment graph  340  in this example includes a tonal range that is defined along the luminance color component. The second stage  1910  illustrates the GUI  300  after the user has invoked the custom color component selection tool. As shown, the user has invoked the custom color component selection tool by selecting the selectable UI item  345 . As a result, a new window  1845  appears in the GUI  300 . The window  1845  includes three UI controls  1850 - 1860 , and a display area  1865  for displaying the color component that has been selected by the user. The three UI controls  1850 - 1860  allow a user to select a custom color component for the tonal adjustment graph by specifying a fractional contribution for each primary color component. For example, the user can adjust the UI control  1850  to specify a fractional contribution for the red color component, the user can adjust the UI control  1855  to specify a fractional contribution for the green color component, and the user can also adjust the UI control  1860  to specify a fractional contribution for the blue color component. Although the UI controls  1850 - 1860  are implemented as range sliders in this example, the application of other embodiments may provide different types of range related UI controls (e.g., dials, buttons, number fields, and the like) for specifying the fractional contributions of the primary color components. 
     As shown in the second stage  1910 , since the tonal range of the tonal adjustment graph  340  is currently defined along the luminance color component, all three UI controls  1850 - 1860  shows a maximum value. As such, the display area  1865  displays a pure white color indicating that the selected color component is a luminance color component. 
     The third stage  1915  illustrates the GUI  300  after the user has specified a different custom color component. As shown, the user has moved the knob of the UI control  1855  (associated with the green color component) to specify a minimum value, thereby removing the contribution of the green color component to the custom color component. The user has also moved the knob of the UI control  1860  (associated with the blue color component) toward the left, thereby decreasing the fractional contribution by the blue color component. As shown in the display area  1865 , the custom color component is now a purple color, which is a composite of the red color component and the blue color component. Specifically, the custom color component that is specified in the third stage  1915  includes a larger fractional contribution from the red color component and a smaller fractional contribution from the blue color component. 
     The fourth stage  1920  illustrates the GUI  300  after the user has created a basic bump on the tonal adjustment graph  340 . As shown, the user has selected a baseline location  1970  on the horizontal axis of the tonal adjustment graph  340 , and provided a vector, as indicated by the arrow  1975 . Based on the user&#39;s input (i.e., the selected baseline location and the vector), the application creates a basic bump  1980  on the tonal adjustment graph  340 . As mentioned above, the bump  1980  on the tonal adjustment graph  340  corresponds different color values within a tonal range along a particular color component to different adjustment values. The application then adjusts the color values of the image  325  based on the bump  1980 . In some embodiments, before adjusting the color values of the image  325 , the application breaks down the composite bump  1980  into several curves for the primary color components that have contributed to the custom color component. In this example, the application uses the composite bump  1980  to generate a curve for the red color component and a curve for the blue color component. In some of these embodiments, the application breaks down the composite bump  1980  according to the fractional contribution of each primary color component to make up the custom color component. Thus, if the application determines that the custom color component is made up of sixty percent (60%) of the red color component and forty percent (40%) of the blue color component, the application creates a curve for the red color component that is sixty percent of the composite bump  1980  and a curve for the blue color component that is forty percent of the composite bump  1980 . Thus, when the composite bump  1980  corresponds a particular color value to a value “y” on the tonal adjustment graph  340 , the curve for the red component corresponds the particular color value to a value equals to sixty percent of “y”, and the curve for the blue color component corresponds the particular color value to a value equals to forty percent of “y”. 
     The application then adjusts the color values of the image  325  based on these curves that are generated for each primary color component. As shown, the colors of the image  325  (especially those having mid-tone colors) have been modified to become more purple. 
       FIGS. 18 and 19  above illustrates two examples of selecting a custom color component for the tonal adjustment graph by manipulating a set of range sliders that area associated with the primary color components of the color space. Instead of or in addition to the range sliders, some embodiments also allow a user to specify a custom color component by selecting a location on a displayed image. The application corresponds the selected location to a particular pixel of the image, and uses the color values of the particular pixel to determine a custom color component.  FIG. 20  illustrates an example of specifying a custom color component for a tonal adjustment graph by selecting a location on a displayed image. Specifically,  FIG. 20  illustrates an example custom color component selection operation through the GUI  300  at four different stages  2005 ,  2010 ,  2015 , and  2020 . 
     As shown in the first stage  2005  of  FIG. 20 , the GUI  300  displays a display area  370  for displaying an image being edited, the tonal adjustment graph  340 , and also the selectable UI item  345  for invoking a custom color component selection tool. In this example, the display area  370  displays an image  2025 , which is a picture of a castle. 
     The second stage  2010  illustrates the GUI  300  after the color selection tool is invoked. As shown, the user has invoked the color selection tool by selecting the selectable UI item  345 . As a result, a new window  1845  appears in the GUI  300 . The window  1845  includes three UI controls  1850 - 1860 , and a display area  1865  for displaying the color component that has been selected by the user. The three UI controls  1850 - 1860  allow a user to select a custom color component for the tonal adjustment graph by specifying a fractional contribution for each primary color component. For example, the user can adjust the UI control  1850  to specify a fractional contribution for the red color component, the user can adjust the UI control  1855  to specify a fractional contribution for the green color component, and the user can also adjust the UI control  1860  to specify a fractional contribution for the blue color component. Although the UI controls  1850 - 1860  are implemented as range sliders in this example, the application of other embodiments may provide different types of range related UI controls (e.g., dials, buttons, number fields, and the like) for specifying the fractional contributions of the primary color components. 
     In addition to using the UI controls  2050 - 2060 , the application also allows the user to specify a custom color component by selecting a location on the image  2025 . When a user selects a location on the image, the application identifies a custom color component based on the color values of the pixel that corresponds to the selected location on the image. In some embodiments, the selection of a location on the image can be performed by placing a cursor at the location on the image  2025  and providing an input (e.g., an input from a cursor controlling device or a hot key) or by performing a gesture (e.g., placing, pointing, or tapping a finger) on a device having a touch or near touch sensitive screen that displays the image  2025 . The third stage  2015  illustrates the GUI  300  after the user has specified a custom color component. As shown, the user has specified a custom color component by selecting a location  2085  on the image  2025 . Since the location  2085  displays an orange color, the display area  1865  displays the orange color that corresponds the color of the selected location  2085  on the image  2025 . The third stage  2015  also illustrates that the UI controls  1850 - 1860  are also modified according to the newly selected custom color component. As shown, the UI controls  1850 - 1860  shows different fractional contribution from each of the primary color components that make up the new custom color component. The UI controls  1850 - 1860  indicate that the custom color component contains a larger fractional contribution from the red color component, a lesser fractional contribution from the green color component and a even lesser fractional contribution from the blue color component. 
     The fourth stage  2020  illustrates the GUI  300  after the user has created a basic bump. As shown, the user has selected a baseline location  2090  provided a vector, as indicated by the arrow  2075 . Based on the user&#39;s input (i.e., the selected baseline location and the vector), the application creates a basic bump  2080  on the tonal adjustment graph  340 . As mentioned above, the bump  2080  on the tonal adjustment graph  340  corresponds different color values within a tonal range along a particular color component to different adjustment values. The application then adjusts the color values of the image  2025  according to the bump  2080 . As shown, the orange color values of the image  2025  (especially those having mid-tone colors) have been modified to become less orange. 
     After specifying a custom color component for a tonal adjustment graph, the application of some embodiments allow the user to adjust the custom color component after a custom color component is specified.  FIG. 21  illustrates an example of adjusting a custom color component after the user has specified the custom color component by selecting a location on the displayed image. Specifically,  FIG. 21  illustrates an example operation of adjusting a custom color component through the GUI  300  at four different stages  2105 ,  2110 ,  2115 , and  2120 . 
     The first stage  2105  is identical to the third stage  2015  of  FIG. 20 . As shown, the GUI  300  displays the image  2025  in the display area  370  and the tonal adjustment graph  340 . The GUI  300  also shows a window  1845  that includes three UI controls  1850 - 1860 , and a display area  1865  for displaying the color component that has been selected by the user. The three UI controls  1850 - 1860  allow a user to select a custom color component for the tonal adjustment graph by specifying a fractional contribution for each primary color component. The display area  1865  displays an orange color that corresponds the color selected by the user. In addition, the UI controls  2050 - 2060  also show the different fractional contribution from each of the primary color components that make up this custom color component. Specifically, the UI controls  2050 - 2060  indicate that the custom color component contains a larger fractional contribution from the red color component, a lesser fractional contribution from the green color component and a even lesser fractional contribution from the blue color component. In some embodiments, the custom color component is specified by selecting a location on the image  2025 . 
     The second stage  2110  illustrates the GUI  300  after the user has modified the existing custom color component. In some embodiments, the application allows the user to modify the custom color component by manipulate the UI controls  1850 - 1860 . As shown, the user has modified the custom color component by moving the knob of the UI control  1855  (associated with the green color component) to the left, thereby decreasing the fractional contribution of the green color component to the custom color component. As a result, the display area  1865  now displays a pinkish color instead of an orange color. 
     The third stage  2115  illustrates the GUI  300  after the user has begun to create a basic bump on the tonal adjustment graph  340 . As shown, the user has selected a baseline location  2180  on the horizontal axis of the tonal adjustment graph  340 , as indicated by the highlighting of the horizontal axis of the tonal adjustment graph  340 . The fourth stage  2120  illustrates the GUI  300  after the user has provided a vector input. As shown, the user has provided a vector input by dragging the cursor down toward the bottom of the tonal adjustment graph  340 , as indicated by the arrow  2175 . As a result of the user inputs, the application has created a basic bump  2150  on the tonal adjustment graph  340 . As mentioned above, the bump  2150  on the tonal adjustment graph  340  corresponds different color values within a tonal range along a particular color component to different adjustment values. The application then adjusts the color values of the image  2025  based on the bump  2150  in the same manner as described above by reference to  FIGS. 18 ,  19 , and  20 . As shown, the colors of the image  325  (especially those having mid-tone colors) have been modified to become less pink. 
     In some embodiments, the application allows the user to modify the custom color component even after a set of basic bumps have been created on the tonal adjustment graph.  FIG. 22  illustrates such an example. Specifically,  FIG. 22  illustrates an example of modifying a custom color component on a tonal adjustment graph after a basic bump is created on the tonal adjustment graph through the GUI  300  at three stages  2205 ,  2210 , and  2215 . 
     The first stage  2205  is identical as the fourth stage  2020  of  FIG. 20 . As shown, the GUI  300  displays the image  2025 , the tonal adjustment graph  340 , and also the selectable UI item  345  for invoking a custom color component selection tool. The first stage  2205  also shows that a basic bump  2080  has been created on the tonal adjustment graph  340 . 
     The second stage  2210  illustrates the GUI  300  after the user has invoked the custom color component selection tool. As shown, the user has invoked the custom color component selection tool by selecting the selectable UI item  345 . As a result, a window a new window  1845  appears in the GUI  300 . The window  1845  includes three UI controls  1850 - 1860 , and a display area  1865  for displaying the color component that has been selected by the user. The three UI controls  1850 - 1860  allow a user to select a custom color component for the tonal adjustment graph by specifying a fractional contribution for each primary color component. For example, the user can adjust the UI control  1850  to specify a fractional contribution for the red color component, the user can adjust the UI control  1855  to specify a fractional contribution for the green color component, and the user can also adjust the UI control  1860  to specify a fractional contribution for the blue color component. Although the UI controls  1850 - 1860  are implemented as range sliders in this example, the application of other embodiments may provide different types of range related UI controls (e.g., dials, buttons, number fields, and the like) for specifying the fractional contributions of the primary color components. 
     The second stage  2210  also illustrates that the UI controls  1850 - 1860  shows the different fractional contributions from the primary color components that make up the currently specified custom color component. In this example, the UI controls  1850 - 1860  indicate that the custom color component contains a larger fractional contribution from the red color component, a lesser fractional contribution from the green color component and a even lesser fractional contribution from the blue color component. 
     The third stage  2215  illustrates the GUI  300  after the user has modified the custom color component. As shown, the user has modified the custom color component by dragging the knob of the UI control  1855  (associated with the green color component) to the left. As a result, the custom color component is changed from an orange color to a pink color, as shown in the display area  1865 . The third stage  2215  also illustrates that after the custom color component is modified, the application of some embodiments re-adjusts the color values of the image  2025  according to the bump  2080  based on the newly defined custom color component. 
       FIGS. 21 and 22  above illustrate examples of modifying a custom color component that has been previously specified by a user (either by manipulating the UI controls or selecting a location on the image). In addition to modifying an existing custom color component, the application of some other embodiments allow the user to specify more than one custom color components and create bumps that are based on the different custom color components. In these embodiments, the application provides a tool (such as the color component selection tool  350 ) to allow the user to display the tonal adjustment graph along the different custom color components that have been previously specified by the user. 
       FIGS. 18 ,  19 ,  20 ,  21 , and  22  above illustrate examples of specifying (or defining) custom color components for the tonal adjustment graph. However, the application of some other embodiments allows the user to use the same manner to specify a custom color component for other tonal graph, such as a response graph, for editing color values of an image. 
       FIG. 23  illustrates a media editing application  700  of some embodiments that allows a user to specify a custom color component for a tonal adjustment graph and to edit the color values of an image by creating a set of basic bumps on the tonal adjustment graph. In addition,  FIG. 23  illustrates an example of breaking down a composite bump associated with a custom color component into several curves for each of the primary color components. As shown, the media editing application  700  includes a UI module  705 , a bump generator  2310 , and a color adjustment engine  720 . The UI module  705  receives user inputs provided on a tonal adjustment graph. In some embodiments, the user inputs include providing a selection of a baseline location on the tonal adjustment graph and providing a vector. 
       FIG. 23  illustrates a set of example user inputs on a tonal adjustment graph  2340 . The tonal adjustment graph  2340  in this example has a tonal range that is defined along a custom color component. The custom color component is a composite of thirty percent of a red color component, sixty percent of a green color component, and ten percent of a blue color component. As shown, the user inputs include selecting a baseline location  2330  (i.e., a location on the horizontal axis of the tonal adjustment graph  2340 ) and providing a vector  2335 . Based on the user inputs, the bump generator  2310  creates a basic bump on the tonal adjustment graph  2340 . In this example, the bump generator  2310  creates a basic bump  2345  on the tonal adjustment graph  2340 . In some embodiments, when there exists another bump on the tonal adjustment graph, the media editing application  700  generates a composite bump based on the basic bumps. Since another basic bump  2325  has been created on the tonal adjustment graph  2340  in  FIG. 23 , the bump generator  2310  generates a composite bump  2350  by blending the basic bumps  2325  and  2345 . 
     The bump generator then breaks down the composite bump  2350  into several curves for each of the primary color components that have contributed to the custom color component. In this example, the application uses the composite bump  2350  to generate a curve for the red color component, a curve for the green color component, and a curve for the blue color component. In some of these embodiments, the application breaks down the composite bump  2350  according to the fractional contribution of each primary color component that makes up the custom color component. Thus, the bump generator  2310  generates a curve  2355  for the red color component by taking thirty percent of the composite bump  2350 , generates a curve  2360  for the green color component by taking sixty percent of the composite bump  2350 , and generates a curve  2365  for the blue color component by taking 10% percent of the composite bump  2350 . 
     The bump generator  2310  then passes the curves  2350 - 2360  for the primary color components to the color adjustment engine  720 . The color adjustment engine  720  receives an image and adjusts the color values of the image based on the curves  2350 - 2360  on the tonal adjustment graph. 
       FIG. 24  conceptually illustrates a process  2400  for editing an image based on a bump on a tonal adjustment graph with a tonal range along a custom color component. In some embodiments, the process is performed by the media editing application  700 . The process  2400  begins by receiving (at  2405 ) a specification of a custom color component. As mentioned above, different embodiments of the application allow the user to specify the custom color component in different manners. In some embodiments, the application provides a set of UI controls that are associated with the set of primary color components of a color space. In these embodiments, the user can specify a custom color component by manipulating the set of UI controls. In other embodiments, the user can specify a custom color component by selecting a location on a displayed image. 
     Next, the process displays (at  2410 ), for an image, a tonal adjustment graph with a tonal range along the specified custom color component. The process then receives (at  2415 ) a set of inputs on the tonal adjustment graphs. In some embodiments, the set of inputs includes selecting a baseline location on the tonal adjustment graph and providing a vector. Based on the received set of inputs, the process (at  2420 ) creates a basic bump on the tonal adjustment graph. In some embodiments, the application uses the selected baseline location as the center location of the basic bump. The application of some embodiments also uses the vector input to specify a height of the basic bump. As mentioned above, the basic bump corresponds different color values along the custom color component to different adjustment values on the tonal adjustment graph. 
     After creating a basic bump based on the user inputs, the process generates (at  2425 ) a composite bump on the tonal adjustment graph by blending the basic bump with any existing bumps if necessary. In some embodiments, when there exists one or more other bumps on the tonal adjustment graph, the process generates a composite bump by blending the newly created basic bump with the existing bumps. If there does not exist any other bump, the newly created bump is the composite bump for the tonal adjustment graph. 
     Next, the process generates (at  2430 ) a curve for each primary color component based on the composite bump. As mentioned above, a custom color component is a composite of more than one primary color component. Each primary color component contributes a specific fraction that makes up the custom color component. As such, the process divides (or breaks down) the composite bump into several curves according to the specific fraction for each primary color component that makes up the custom color component. In some embodiments, the process uses the same technique as illustrated above by reference to  FIG. 23  to divide the composite bump. Each of the curves corresponds different color values along a primary color component to different adjustment values. 
     The process then adjusts (at  2435 ) the color values of the image using the set of curves generated for the primary color components. Next, the process determines (at  2440 ) whether there is any more input received on the tonal adjustment graph. If more inputs are received, the process returns to  2420  to create a new basic bump based on the newly received inputs. The process will cycle through operations  2420 - 2440  until no more inputs are received on the tonal adjustment graph. Then the process ends. 
     III. Software Architecture 
     In some embodiments, the processes described above are implemented as software running on a particular machine, such as a computer or a handheld device, or stored in a machine readable medium.  FIG. 25  conceptually illustrates the software architecture of a media editing application  2500  of some embodiments. Some examples of such media editing application include iPhoto®, iMovie® and Final Cut Pro®, all sold by Apple Inc.® 
     In some embodiments, the media editing application is a stand-alone application or is integrated into another application, while in other embodiments the application might be implemented within an operating system. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the application is provided as part of a server-based solution. In some such embodiments, the application is provided via a thin client. That is, the application runs on a server while a user interacts with the application via a separate machine remote from the server. In other such embodiments, the application is provided via a thick client. That is, the application is distributed from the server to the client machine and runs on the client machine. 
     As shown, the media editing application  2500  includes a user interface (UI) interaction module  2505 , a video rendering module  2510 , a set of video editing modules  2515 , a media import module  2520 , a bump generator  2525 , and a color adjustment engine  2535 . The application also includes a media storage  2540 . In some embodiments, the media storage  2540  is a set of file folders organized by the media editing application and stored on a particular set of storage devices. The storage devices may include the boot drive of the electronic device on which the application operates, a different partition of that disk, a separate internal or external hard drive, a flash drive, SD card, etc. 
     The UI interaction module  2505  of the media editing application  2500  interprets the user input data received from the input device drivers  2545  and passes it to various modules, including the media editing modules  2515 , the media import module  2520 , the bump generator  2525 , and the color adjustment engine  2535 . In some embodiments, the input data directly affects the composite presentation data or other data stored in the media storage  2540 . 
     The UI interaction module  2505  also manages the display of the UI, and outputs this display information to the display drivers  2550 . This UI display information may be based on information from the various modules, including the video editing modules  2515 , the video rendering module  2510 , the media import module  2520 , the color graphs generator  2525 , and the color adjustment engine  2535 . 
     The media import module  2520  imports media (e.g., an image, a video containing multiple picture frames, etc.) into the media editing application for use. Some embodiments, as shown, receive the media directly from a video capturing device such as a video camera  2555 . Some embodiments import media from an external storage  2560 . The external storage  2560  may be an SD card, a flash drive, an external hard drive, an internal hard drive in which the files are not stored in the organized file folder structure of the application, etc. 
     The bump generator  2525  creates basic bumps on a tonal adjustment graph based on user inputs that are received from the UI interaction module  2505 . The bump generator  2525  also generates a composite bump by blending a set of basic bumps together on the tonal adjustment graph. In addition, when the tonal range of the tonal adjustment graph is defined along a custom color component, the bump generator  2525  also generates a curve on a tonal adjustment graph for each primary color component that contributes to the custom color component. 
     The color adjustment engine  2535  adjusts the color values of an image according to the bump that is generated by the bump generator  2525 . 
       FIG. 25  also illustrates an operating system that includes input device driver(s)  2545  and display drivers  2550 . In some embodiments, as illustrated, the device drivers  2545  and display drivers  2550  are part of the operating system even when the media editing application  2500  is an application separate from the operating system. 
     The input device drivers  2545  may include drivers for translating signals from a keyboard, mouse, touchpad, drawing tablet, touchscreen, etc. A user interacts with one or more of these input devices, which send signals to their corresponding device driver. The device driver then translates the signals into user input data that is provided to the UI interface interaction module  2505 . 
     The present application describes a graphical user interface that provides users with numerous ways to perform different sets of operations and functionalities. In some embodiments, these operations and functionalities are performed based on different commands that are received from users through different input devices (e.g., keyboard, trackpad, touchpad, mouse, etc.). For example, the present application illustrates the use of a cursor in the graphical user interface to control (e.g., select, move) objects in the graphical user interface. However, in some embodiments, objects in the graphical user interface can also be controlled or manipulated through other controls, such as touch control. In some embodiments, touch control is implemented through an input device that can detect the presence and location of touch on a display of the input device. An example of a device with such functionality is a touch screen device (e.g., as incorporated into a smart phone, a tablet computer, etc.). In some embodiments with touch control, a user directly manipulates objects by interacting with the graphical user interface that is displayed on the display of the touch screen device. For instance, a user can select a particular object in the graphical user interface by simply touching that particular object on the display of the touch screen device. As such, when touch control is utilized, a cursor may not even be provided for enabling selection of an object of a graphical user interface in some embodiments. However, when a cursor is provided in a graphical user interface, touch control can be used to control the cursor in some embodiments. 
     IV. Electronic System 
     Many of the above-described features and applications are implemented as software processes that are specified as a set of instructions recorded on a computer readable storage medium (also referred to as computer readable medium). When these instructions are executed by one or more computational or processing unit(s) (e.g., one or more processors, cores of processors, or other processing units), they cause the processing unit(s) to perform the actions indicated in the instructions. Examples of computer readable media include, but are not limited to, CD-ROMs, flash drives, random access memory (RAM) chips, hard drives, erasable programmable read only memories (EPROMs), electrically erasable programmable read-only memories (EEPROMs), etc. The computer readable media does not include carrier waves and electronic signals passing wirelessly or over wired connections. 
     In this specification, the term “software” is meant to include firmware residing in read-only memory or applications stored in magnetic storage, which can be read into memory for processing by a processor. Also, in some embodiments, multiple software inventions can be implemented as sub-parts of a larger program while remaining distinct software inventions. In some embodiments, multiple software inventions can also be implemented as separate programs. Finally, any combination of separate programs that together implement a software invention described here is within the scope of the invention. In some embodiments, the software programs, when installed to operate on one or more electronic systems, define one or more specific machine implementations that execute and perform the operations of the software programs. 
       FIG. 26  conceptually illustrates an electronic system  2600  with which some embodiments of the invention are implemented. The electronic system  2600  may be a computer (e.g., a desktop computer, personal computer, tablet computer, etc.), phone, PDA, or any other sort of electronic device. Such an electronic system includes various types of computer readable media and interfaces for various other types of computer readable media. Electronic system  2600  includes a bus  2605 , processing unit(s)  2610 , a graphics processing unit (GPU)  2615 , a system memory  2620 , a network  2625 , a read-only memory  2630 , a permanent storage device  2635 , input devices  2640 , and output devices  2645 . 
     The bus  2605  collectively represents all system, peripheral, and chipset buses that communicatively connect the numerous internal devices of the electronic system  2600 . For instance, the bus  2605  communicatively connects the processing unit(s)  2610  with the read-only memory  2630 , the GPU  2615 , the system memory  2620 , and the permanent storage device  2635 . 
     From these various memory units, the processing unit(s)  2610  retrieves instructions to execute and data to process in order to execute the processes of the invention. The processing unit(s) may be a single processor or a multi-core processor in different embodiments. Some instructions are passed to and executed by the GPU  2615 . The GPU  2615  can offload various computations or complement the image processing provided by the processing unit(s)  2610 . In some embodiments, such functionality can be provided using CoreImage&#39;s kernel shading language. 
     The read-only-memory (ROM)  2630  stores static data and instructions that are needed by the processing unit(s)  2610  and other modules of the electronic system. The permanent storage device  2635 , on the other hand, is a read-and-write memory device. This device is a non-volatile memory unit that stores instructions and data even when the electronic system  2600  is off. Some embodiments of the invention use a mass-storage device (such as a magnetic or optical disk and its corresponding disk drive) as the permanent storage device  2635 . 
     Other embodiments use a removable storage device (such as a floppy disk, flash memory device, etc., and its corresponding disk drive) as the permanent storage device. Like the permanent storage device  2635 , the system memory  2620  is a read-and-write memory device. However, unlike storage device  2635 , the system memory  2620  is a volatile read-and-write memory, such a random access memory. The system memory  2620  stores some of the instructions and data that the processor needs at runtime. In some embodiments, the invention&#39;s processes are stored in the system memory  2620 , the permanent storage device  2635 , and/or the read-only memory  2630 . For example, the various memory units include instructions for processing multimedia clips in accordance with some embodiments. From these various memory units, the processing unit(s)  2610  retrieves instructions to execute and data to process in order to execute the processes of some embodiments. 
     The bus  2605  also connects to the input and output devices  2640  and  2645 . The input devices  2640  enable the user to communicate information and select commands to the electronic system. The input devices  2640  include alphanumeric keyboards and pointing devices (also called “cursor control devices”), cameras (e.g., webcams), microphones or similar devices for receiving voice commands, etc. The output devices  2645  display images generated by the electronic system or otherwise output data. The output devices  2645  include printers and display devices, such as cathode ray tubes (CRT) or liquid crystal displays (LCD), as well as speakers or similar audio output devices. Some embodiments include devices such as a touchscreen that function as both input and output devices. 
     Finally, as shown in  FIG. 26 , bus  2605  also couples electronic system  2600  to a network  2625  through a network adapter (not shown). In this manner, the computer can be a part of a network of computers (such as a local area network (“LAN”), a wide area network (“WAN”), or an Intranet, or a network of networks, such as the Internet. Any or all components of electronic system  2600  may be used in conjunction with the invention. 
     Some embodiments include electronic components, such as microprocessors, storage and memory that store computer program instructions in a machine-readable or computer-readable medium (alternatively referred to as computer-readable storage media, machine-readable media, or machine-readable storage media). Some examples of such computer-readable media include RAM, ROM, read-only compact discs (CD-ROM), recordable compact discs (CD-R), rewritable compact discs (CD-RW), read-only digital versatile discs (e.g., DVD-ROM, dual-layer DVD-ROM), a variety of recordable/rewritable DVDs (e.g., DVD-RAM, DVD-RW, DVD+RW, etc.), flash memory (e.g., SD cards, mini-SD cards, micro-SD cards, etc.), magnetic and/or solid state hard drives, read-only and recordable Blu-Ray® discs, ultra density optical discs, any other optical or magnetic media, and floppy disks. The computer-readable media may store a computer program that is executable by at least one processing unit and includes sets of instructions for performing various operations. Examples of computer programs or computer code include machine code, such as is produced by a compiler, and files including higher-level code that are executed by a computer, an electronic component, or a microprocessor using an interpreter. 
     While the above discussion primarily refers to microprocessor or multi-core processors that execute software, some embodiments are performed by one or more integrated circuits, such as application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) or field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). In some embodiments, such integrated circuits execute instructions that are stored on the circuit itself. In addition, some embodiments execute software stored in programmable logic devices (PLDs), ROM, or RAM devices. 
     As used in this specification and any claims of this application, the terms “computer”, “server”, “processor”, and “memory” all refer to electronic or other technological devices. These terms exclude people or groups of people. For the purposes of the specification, the terms display or displaying means displaying on an electronic device. As used in this specification and any claims of this application, the terms “computer readable medium,” “computer readable media,” and “machine readable medium” are entirely restricted to tangible, physical objects that store information in a form that is readable by a computer. These terms exclude any wireless signals, wired download signals, and any other ephemeral signals. 
     While the invention has been described with reference to numerous specific details, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit of the invention. In addition, a number of the figures (including  FIGS. 8 ,  2 ,  12 ,  4 ,  13 , and  19 ) conceptually illustrate processes. The specific operations of these processes may not be performed in the exact order shown and described. The specific operations may not be performed in one continuous series of operations, and different specific operations may be performed in different embodiments. Furthermore, the process could be implemented using several sub-processes, or as part of a larger macro process. Thus, one of ordinary skill in the art would understand that the invention is not to be limited by the foregoing illustrative details, but rather is to be defined by the appended claims.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20120515
Publication Date: 20140930
Grant Date: 20140930
Priority Date: 20120206
Inventors: BRYANT ANDREW
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H04N1/407", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N9/643", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N9/67", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N9/643", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06T11/001", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N1/622", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06T11/001", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N1/407", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N9/643", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N1/622", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06T11/001", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N1/407", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N1/622", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N9/67", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N9/67", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 48902496