PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-11812353-B2
Application Number: US-201917250005-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Network assisted emergency monitoring

Abstract:
A user equipment (UE) is associated with a cellular network, the UE and the cellular network are configured with a Discontinuous Reception (DRX) functionality, the DRX functionality including a cycle with a plurality of onDurations. The UE receives an indication of at least one parameter the cellular network is to utilize for the transmission of an emergency message, generates a monitoring schedule based on the indication of the at least one parameter, wherein the monitoring schedule does not include at least one of the plurality of onDurations and activates a mode of operation where the UE monitors for the emergency message based on the monitoring schedule.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A method, comprising:
 at a user equipment (UE) associated with a base station, the UE and the base station configured with a Discontinuous Reception (DRX) functionality, the DRX functionality including a plurality of onDurations, wherein the UE is configured to monitor for downlink signals during each of the plurality of onDurations: 
 receiving an indication of at least one parameter the base station is to utilize for the transmission of an emergency message while the UE is operating in radio resource control (RRC) idle state; 
 receiving a system information block (SIB) modification, wherein the SIB modification indicates that the at least one parameter has been modified by the base station; 
 generating an emergency message monitoring schedule based on the indication of the at least one parameter, wherein the emergency message monitoring schedule includes a first subset of the plurality of onDurations aligned with time durations the base station is scheduled and omits a second subset of the plurality of onDurations; and 
 activating a mode of operation for monitoring for the emergency message where the UE configures the DRX functionality based on the emergency message monitoring schedule. 
 
     
     
       2. The method of  claim 1 , wherein monitoring for the emergency message includes determining whether an emergency message indication is received by the UE via a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). 
     
     
       3. The method of  claim 2 , further comprising:
 when the emergency message indication is received, monitoring a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for the emergency message based on the emergency message indication. 
 
     
     
       4. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the at least one parameter includes a number of paging repetitions or a number of DRX cycles between each paging repetition. 
     
     
       5. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the indication of the at least one parameter is included in a SIB. 
     
     
       6. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the indication of the at least one parameter is included in downlink control information (DCI) of a paging message. 
     
     
       7. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the emergency message is one a Commercial Mobile Alert System (CMAS) message, a Wireless Emergency Alert (WEA), an Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System (ETWS) message or a Public Warning System (PWS) message. 
     
     
       8. A user equipment (UE), comprising:
 a transceiver configured to establish a connection with a base station, the UE and the base station configured with a Discontinuous Reception (DRX) functionality, the DRX functionality including a plurality of onDurations, wherein the UE is configured to monitor for downlink signals during each of the plurality of onDurations; and 
 a processor configured to perform operations comprising:
 receive an indication of at least one parameter the base station is to utilize for the transmission of an emergency message while the UE is operating in radio resource control (RRC) idle state; 
 receive a system information block (SIB) modification, wherein the SIB modification indicates that the at least one parameter has been modified by the base station; 
 generate an emergency message monitoring schedule based on the indication of the at least one parameter, wherein the emergency message monitoring schedule includes a first subset of the plurality of onDurations aligned with time durations the base station is scheduled and omits a second subset of the plurality of onDurations; and 
 activate a mode of operation for monitoring for the emergency message where the UE configures the DRX functionality based on the emergency message monitoring schedule. 
 
 
     
     
       9. The UE of  claim 8 , wherein monitoring for the emergency message includes determining whether an emergency message indication was received via a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). 
     
     
       10. The UE of  claim 8 , wherein the at least one parameter includes a number of paging repetitions or a number of DRX cycles between each paging repetition. 
     
     
       11. The UE of  claim 8 , wherein the at least one parameter is related to an emergency message transmission pattern that is to be implemented by the base station. 
     
     
       12. The UE of  claim 8 , wherein the indication of the at least one parameter is included in one of a SIB or a downlink control information (DCI) of a paging message. 
     
     
       13. The UE of  claim 8 , wherein the UE activates the mode of operation based on at least one of a battery power of the UE satisfying a predetermined threshold or a channel condition parameter satisfying a predetermined threshold. 
     
     
       14. The UE of  claim 8 , wherein the emergency message is one a Commercial Mobile Alert System (CMAS) message, a Wireless Emergency Alert (WEA), an Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System (ETWS) message or a Public Warning System (PWS) message. 
     
     
       15. A method comprising:
 at a base station associated with a user equipment (UE), the base station and the UE configured with a Discontinuous Reception (DRX) functionality: 
 transmitting information corresponding to an emergency message pattern that the base station is to utilize for the transmission of an emergency message, wherein the information corresponding to an emergency message pattern is transmitted in a system information block (SIB); 
 receiving a request to transmit the emergency message, wherein the request to transmit the emergency message is received from a mobile management entity (MME); 
 transmitting the emergency message a plurality of times based on the emergency message pattern; 
 modifying the emergency message pattern based on a type of emergency alert; 
 transmitting a SIB modification to at least one UE operating in radio resource control (RRC) idle state; 
 transmitting information corresponding to the modified emergency message pattern; and 
 transmitting the emergency message a plurality of times based on the modified emergency message pattern. 
 
     
     
       16. The UE of  claim 8 , wherein the UE activates the mode of operation based on at least the quality of the connection with the base station degrading below a predetermined threshold.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     A user equipment (UE) may be configured to establish a connection to at least one of a plurality of different networks or types of networks. At any moment, the network may be configured to broadcast an emergency message to UEs within a particular area. 
     During the connection with the network, the UE may transition between operating states. One operating state may be a connected state where the UE and the network may be configured to exchange information and/or data. Another operating state may be an idle state. During the idle state, the UE and the network are not configured to exchange data. However, the UE may monitor the downlink for transmissions sent from the network. For example, in the idle state, the UE may be configured with a discontinuous reception (DRX) functionality that includes scheduled onDurations during which the UE performs operations to receive transmissions from the network. When DRX functionality is enabled and an onDuration is not scheduled, the UE has an opportunity to enter a sleep mode and conserve power. 
     For a variety of different reasons, the UE may activate a power efficient mode of operation during which transmissions related to emergency messages are processed and other operations related to the cellular network connection are limited. Thus, during the onDurations of the DRX cycle, the UE may be configured to only process transmissions from the network that are related to emergency messages. However, the broadcast of an emergency message is a rare event. Accordingly, the UE may experience a significant power drain monitoring for emergency messages that are unlikely to be transmitted. 
     SUMMARY 
     In an exemplary embodiment, a method is performed by a user equipment (UE) associated with a cellular network, the UE and the cellular network configured with a Discontinuous Reception (DRX) functionality, the DRX functionality including a cycle with a plurality of onDurations. The method includes receiving an indication of at least one parameter the cellular network is to utilize for the transmission of an emergency message, generating a monitoring schedule based on the indication of the at least one parameter, wherein the monitoring schedule does not include at least one of the plurality of onDurations and activating a mode of operation where the UE monitors for the emergency message based on the monitoring schedule. 
     In another exemplary embodiment, a user equipment (UE) having a transceiver and a processor is described. The transceiver is configured to establish a connection with a cellular network, the UE and the cellular network configured with a Discontinuous Reception (DRX) functionality, the DRX functionality including a cycle with a plurality of onDurations. The processor is configured to perform operations including receiving an indication of at least one parameter the cellular network is to utilize for the transmission of an emergency message, generating a monitoring schedule based on the indication of the at least one parameter, wherein the monitoring schedule does not include at least one of the plurality of onDurations and activating a mode of operation where the UE monitors for the emergency message based on the monitoring schedule. 
     In a further exemplary embodiment, a method is performed by a base station having at least one associated user equipment (UE) operating in a radio resource control (RRC) idle state. The method includes transmitting information corresponding to an emergency message pattern that the base station is to utilize for the transmission of an emergency message, receiving a request to transmit the emergency message and transmitting the emergency message a plurality of times based on the emergency message pattern. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    shows an exemplary network arrangement according to various exemplary embodiments described herein. 
         FIG.  2    shows an exemplary UE according to various exemplary embodiments described herein. 
         FIG.  3 A  shows a graph that provides an example of when a UE that is operating in CMAS mode may be in an active mode of processing in response to a CMAS message and when a UE that is operating in updated CMAS mode may be in an active mode of processing in response to the CMAS message according to various exemplary embodiments. 
         FIG.  3 B  shows a graph that provides an example of when a UE that is operating in CMAS mode may be in an active mode of processing and when a UE  110  that is operating in updated CMAS mode may be in an active mode of processing according to various exemplary embodiments. 
         FIG.  4    shows an exemplary method for the UE to activate updated CMAS mode according to various exemplary embodiments. 
         FIG.  5    includes a table  500  that shows CMAS scheduling index values mapped into a predefined CMAS scheduling configuration according to various exemplary embodiments. 
         FIG.  6    shows a signaling diagram that relates to dynamically altering the CMAS transmission pattern 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The exemplary embodiments may be further understood with reference to the following description and the related appended drawings, wherein like elements are provided with the same reference numerals. The exemplary embodiments are related to a device, system and method for power optimization related to emergency message monitoring performed by a user equipment (UE). For example, the exemplary embodiments may relate to signaling provided by the network that enables the UE to limit the duration in which the UE is in an active mode of processing to monitor for emergency messages transmitted by the network. 
     The exemplary embodiments are described with regard to a UE. However, the use of a UE is merely for illustrative purposes. The exemplary embodiments may be utilized with any electronic component that may establish a connection with a network and is configured with the hardware, software, and/or firmware to exchange information and data with the network. Therefore, the UE as described herein is used to represent any electronic component. 
     The UE may establish a connection to at least one of a plurality of different networks or types of networks. The UE and the network may communicate via a base station of the corresponding network. In one example, the network may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network and the base station may be an Evolved Node B (eNB). In another example, the network may be a 5G new radio (NR) network and the base station may be a next generation Node B (gNB). However, reference to a particular network or a particular type of base station is merely provided for illustrative purposes. Those skilled in the art will understand that the network may be any type of network and the base station may be any type of base station within the corresponding network. 
     The exemplary embodiments are described with regard to a Commercial Mobile Alert System (CMAS) message. Throughout this description, the CMAS message may refer to data transmitted by the network that includes a type of emergency alert. Exemplary emergency alerts include, but are not limited to, a presidential alert, a weather alert, a public safety alert, an Amber alert, a blue alert or an imminent threat. Reference to a CMAS message or any particular type of emergency alert is merely for illustrative purposes. Different systems and/or entities such as, but not limited to, a Wireless Emergency Alert (WEA) system, an Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System (ETWS) or a Public Warning System (PWS) provide similar types of emergency messages. Accordingly, the exemplary embodiments are not limited to CMAS messages or any particular type of emergency alert. The exemplary embodiments may apply to any signal transmitted by the network that includes any type of emergency alert. Typically, it maybe considered that emergency alerts are messages that are sent by a network that a UE is required to receive and process for the UE (or manufacturer) to claim that the UE is compatible with the type of network. 
     A UE connected to the LTE network may utilize a predetermined manner of monitoring for paging messages. A paging message may include an indication for a subsequently scheduled CMAS message. To monitor for paging messages, the UE may be configured with discontinuous reception (DRX) functionality. The DRX cycle relates to the UE utilizing an active mode of processing at defined intervals. During the active mode of processing, the UE (e.g., a baseband processor) is configured to monitor the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) for paging messages transmitted by the network. The paging message may indicate to the UE that a subsequent message (e.g., CMAS message) is scheduled on the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH). Throughout this description, an indication of a subsequently scheduled CMAS messages may be referred to as a CMAS indication. 
     The time period during which the UE is configured to be in the active mode of processing to monitor the PDCCH for paging messages may be referred to as an onDuration. For instance, during the onDuration the UE may tune its transceiver to the downlink to monitor for paging messages transmitted by the network via the PDCCH. When an onDuration is not scheduled, the UE may have an opportunity to utilize the sleep mode of inactivity based on the DRX cycle (e.g., turning the receiver chain of a transceiver off). Those skilled in the art will understand that other networks such as 5G networks may utilize a discontinuous reception cycle similar to DRX. Thus, the functionalities described herein may also be implemented for UEs that connect to 5G networks. 
     A DRX cycle may have a predetermined duration N such as 2560 milliseconds (ms), 1280 ms, 640 ms, etc. For example, at a time 0, there may be an onDuration during which the active mode of processing is used. Subsequently, upon the conclusion of the onDuration, the UE has an opportunity to utilize the sleep mode of inactivity and conserve power. At time N, the DRX cycle concludes and a further DRX cycle may begin. For example, if the UE received a paging message via the PDCCH during the onDuration, the UE may utilize the active mode of processing for at least a portion of the remaining DRX cycle to receive the data indicated by the paging message. If the UE did not receive any paging messages during the onDuration, the UE may utilize the sleep mode of inactivity for the remaining portion of the DRX cycle. The further DRX cycle may include a further onDuration, during which the UE once again monitors the PDCCH for paging messages. Upon conclusion of the further onDuration, the UE once again has an opportunity to utilize the sleep mode of inactivity and conserve power. The further DRX cycle concludes at time 2N. This process may continue until a predetermined condition occurs. Thus, the UE may be configured with a plurality of consecutive DRX cycles. 
     A person of ordinary skill in the art would understand that sleep mode does not necessarily mean putting the processor, the transmitter, and the receiver of the UE to sleep, in hibernation, or in deactivation. For example, the processor may continue to execute other applications or processes. The sleep mode relates to conserving power by discontinuing a continuous processing functionality relating to operations that enable the UE to receive data that may be transmitted by the network. A DRX cycle configured in time units (e.g., ms) is merely for illustrative purposes, the exemplary embodiments may utilize a DRX cycle that is based on subframes, radio frames or any other suitable unit of time. 
     For a variety of different reasons, the UE may activate a power efficient mode of operation during which information and/or data related to CMAS messages are processed while other operations related to the cellular network connection are limited, omitted and/or delayed. Throughout this description, this mode of operation may be referred to as CMAS mode. However, reference to CMAS mode is merely exemplary, as there may be similar modes of operation referred to by different names. 
     The UE may be configured with DRX functionality and CMAS mode simultaneously. Accordingly, in this conventional configuration, during the onDuration for each DRX cycle the UE (e.g., the baseband processor) may monitor the PDCCH. Information transmitted by the network over the PDCCH may be decoded by the UE. Subsequently, from this decoded information, only CMAS indications or another type of information related to the broadcast of CMAS messages may be processed. Information and/or data related to other operations may be discarded or buffered because in CMAS mode other operations related to the cellular network connection may be limited, omitted and/or delayed. However, the broadcast of a CMAS message is a rare event. Accordingly, the UE consumes power each DRX cycle monitoring for CMAS indications that are unlikely to be transmitted by the network. 
     The network may be configured to periodically retransmit the CMAS indication and/or the CMAS message in a pattern. Periodic retransmission of the CMAS indication and/or the CMAS message increases the likelihood that UEs within a particular area may successfully receive the CMAS message. The pattern may be based on a plurality of factors, including but not limited to, the hardware/software and/or firmware capabilities of the network entities configured to distribute the CMAS message to a particular area, the hardware/software and/or firmware capabilities of the UEs within the particular area, the number of ongoing CMAS transmission patterns, battery life, the effect the pattern may have on network traffic or any combination thereof. 
     The exemplary embodiments may relate to signaling performed by the network that provides the UE with an indication of the parameters the network may be configured to utilize for the periodic retransmission of the CMAS indication and/or the CMAS message. Subsequently, the UE may alter its configuration to adapt its DRX cycle to an updated CMAS monitoring schedule. The updated CMAS monitoring schedule is based on the indication of the parameters to be utilized by the network for the periodic retransmission of the CMAS indication and/or the CMAS message. Throughout this description, operating in accordance with the updated CMAS monitoring schedule may be referred to as updated CMAS mode. 
       FIG.  1    shows an exemplary network arrangement  100  according to various exemplary embodiments. The exemplary network arrangement  100  includes a UE  110 . Those skilled in the art will understand that the UE  110  may be any type of electronic component that is configured to communicate via a network, e.g., mobile phones, tablet computers, desktop computers, smartphones, phablets, embedded devices, wearables, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, etc. It should also be understood that an actual network arrangement may include any number of UEs being used by any number of users. Thus, the example of a single UE  110  is merely provided for illustrative purposes. 
     The UE  110  may be configured to communicate directly with one or more networks. In the example of the network configuration  100 , the networks with which the UE  110  may wirelessly communicate are a LTE radio access network (LTE-RAN)  120 , a 5G New Radio (NR) radio access network (5G NR-RAN)  122 , a legacy radio access network (RAN)  124  and a wireless local access network (WLAN)  126 . However, it should be understood that the UE  110  may also communicate with other types of networks and the UE  110  may also communicate with networks over a wired connection. Therefore, the UE  110  may include a LTE chipset to communicate with the LTE-RAN  120 , a 5G NR chipset to communicate with the 5G NR-RAN  122 , a legacy chipset to communicate with the legacy RAN  124  and a WLAN chipset to communicate with the WLAN  126 . 
     The LTE-RAN  120 , the 5G NR-RAN  122  and the legacy RAN  124  may be portions of cellular networks that may be deployed by cellular providers (e.g., Verizon, AT&amp;T, Sprint, T-Mobile, etc.). These networks  120 ,  122 ,  124  may include, for example, cells or base stations (Node Bs, eNodeBs, HeNBs, eNBS, gNBs, gNodeBs, macrocells, microcells, small cells, femtocells, etc.) that are configured to send and receive traffic from UEs that are equipped with the appropriate cellular chip set. The WLAN  126  may include any type of wireless local area network (WiFi, Hot Spot, IEEE 802.11x networks, etc.). 
     The UE  110  may connect to the LTE-RAN  120  via an evolved Node B (eNB)  120 A. Those skilled in the art will understand that any association procedure may be performed for the UE  110  to connect to the LTE-RAN  120 . For example, as discussed above, the LTE-RAN  120  may be associated with a particular cellular provider where the UE  110  and/or the user thereof has a contract and credential information (e.g., stored on a SIM card). Upon detecting the presence of the LTE-RAN  120 , the UE  110  may transmit the corresponding credential information to associate with the LTE-RAN  120 . More specifically, the UE  110  may associate with a specific base station (e.g., the eNB  120 A of the LTE-RAN  120 ). As mentioned above, the use of the LTE-RAN  120  is for illustrative purposes and any type of network may be used. For example, the UE  110  may also connect to the 5G NR-RAN  122  via the next generation Node B (gNB)  122 A. 
     In addition to the networks  120 ,  122 ,  124  and  126  the network arrangement  100  also includes a cellular core network  130 , the Internet  140 , an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)  150 , and a network services backbone  160 . The cellular core network  130  may be considered to be the interconnected set of components that manages the operation and traffic of the cellular network. The cellular core network  130  also manages the traffic that flows between the cellular network and the Internet  140 . The IMS  150  may be generally described as an architecture for delivering multimedia services to the UE  110  using the IP protocol. The IMS  150  may communicate with the cellular core network  130  and the Internet  140  to provide the multimedia services to the UE  110 . The network services backbone  160  is in communication either directly or indirectly with the Internet  140  and the cellular core network  130 . The network services backbone  160  may be generally described as a set of components (e.g., servers, network storage arrangements, etc.) that implement a suite of services that may be used to extend the functionalities of the UE  110  in communication with the various networks. 
     The network arrangement  100  may further include a CMAS server  170  that may generate emergency messages and/or emergency message indications (e.g., pings) to be broadcast over the cellular networks  120 ,  122 ,  124  to the UE  110 . Since the CMAS messages are only broadcast over a cellular network, to comply with various regulations and/or standards the UE  110  may remain connected, in some manner, to a cellular network, even when the UE  110  has established a connection to a non-cellular network such as the WLAN  126 . The network arrangement  100  shows the CMAS server  170  directly connected each cellular network (e.g., LTE-RAN  120 , 5G NR-RAN  122 , Legacy RAN  124 ). However, this is merely for illustrative purposes, CMAS server  170  may be connected to the cellular networks via the cellular core network  130 . 
       FIG.  2    shows an exemplary UE  110  according to various exemplary embodiments. The UE  110  will be described with regard to the network arrangement  100  of  FIG.  1   . The UE  110  may represent any electronic device and may include a processor  205 , a memory arrangement  210 , a display device  215 , an input/output (I/O) device  220 , a transceiver  225 , and other components  230 . The other components  230  may include, for example, an audio input device, an audio output device, a battery that provides a limited power supply, a data acquisition device, ports to electrically connect the UE  110  to other electronic devices, sensors to detect conditions of the UE  110 , etc. 
     The processor  205  may be configured to execute a plurality of engines of the UE  110 . For example, the engines may include a CMAS mode engine  235  and an updated CMAS mode engine  240 . The CMAS mode engine  235  may activate and deactivate CMAS mode. Accordingly, the CMAS mode engine  235  may enable the UE  110  to monitor the downlink for CMAS indications on a per DRX cycle basis. The updated CMAS mode engine  240  may to activate and deactivate updated CMAS mode. Accordingly, the updated CMAS mode engine  240  may generate an updated CMAS monitoring schedule based on information received from the network. Subsequently, the UE  110  may monitor the downlink for CMAS indications in accordance with the updated CMAS monitoring schedule. 
     The above referenced engines each being an application (e.g., a program) executed by the processor  205  is only exemplary. The functionality associated with the engines may also be represented as a separate incorporated component of the UE  110  or may be a modular component coupled to the UE  110 , e.g., an integrated circuit with or without firmware. For example, the integrated circuit may include input circuitry to receive signals and processing circuitry to process the signals and other information. The engines may also be embodied as one application or separate applications. In addition, in some UEs, the functionality described for the processor  205  is split among two or more processors such as a baseband processor and an applications processor. The exemplary embodiments may be implemented in any of these or other configurations of a UE. 
     The memory  210  may be a hardware component configured to store data related to operations performed by the UE  110 . As will be described in further detail below, the memory  210  may store data associated with the conditions of the UE  110  when a determination of the operating mode is performed. The display device  215  may be a hardware component configured to show data to a user while the I/O device  220  may be a hardware component that enables the user to enter inputs. The display device  215  and the I/O device  220  may be separate components or integrated together such as a touchscreen. The transceiver  225  may be a hardware component configured to establish a connection with the LTE-RAN  120 , the 5G NR-RAN  122 , the legacy RAN  124 , the WLAN  126 , etc. Accordingly, the transceiver  225  may operate on a variety of different frequencies or channels (e.g., set of consecutive frequencies). 
     When connected to the LTE-RAN  120 , the UE  110  may be configured to be in one of a plurality of different operating states. One operating state may be characterized as RRC idle state and another operating state may be characterized as RRC connected state. RRC refers to the radio resource control (RRC) protocols. Those skilled in the art will understand that when the UE  110  is in RRC connected state, the UE  110  and the LTE-RAN  120  may be configured to exchange information and/or data. The exchange of information and/or data may allow the UE  110  to perform functionalities available via the network connection. Further, those skilled in the art will understand that when the UE  110  is connected to the LTE-RAN  120  and in RRC idle state the UE  110  is generally not exchanging data with the network and radio resources are not being assigned to the UE  110  within the network. However, when the UE  110  is in RRC idle state, the UE  110  may monitor for information and/or data transmitted by the network. Those skilled in the art will understand that the RRC idle and connected states are terms associated with an LTE network. Throughout this description these terms are being used generally to describe states the UE  110  may be in when connected to any network and that exhibit the characteristics described above for the RRC idle and RRC connected states. 
     When the UE  110  is camped on a first cell of a first network in an RRC idle state, the UE  110  may not be able to exchange data with the network. To exchange data with the network the UE  110  may transition from the RRC idle state to the RRC connected state. For example, while in RRC idle state the UE  110  may listen for information such as but not limited to, primary synchronization signals (PSS) and secondary synchronization signals (SSS), Master Information Block (MIB), broadcast messages, System Information Block (SIB), paging messages etc. In response, the UE  110  may issue a request to the network that indicates that the UE  110  wants to be moved to the RRC connected state. A successful transition from the RRC idle state to the RRC connected state may include the exchange of messages between the UE  110  and the first cell of the first network. In the RRC connected state, a network context may be established between the first cell of the first network and the UE  110 . Thus, the UE  110  may be assigned radio resources and the UE  110  may be able to exchange data with the network. Transitioning from a RRC connected state to a RRC idle state may be referred to as RRC connection release and transitioning from a RRC idle state to a RRC connected state may be referred to as RRC connection setup or RRC connection reestablishment. However, reference to RRC connection setup, RRC connection reestablishment and RRC connection release is merely provided for illustrative purposes. Other networks may refer to similar operations by different names. 
     The exemplary embodiments are not limited to RRC connected state and RRC idle state. For example, when the UE  110  is operating within the 5G NR-RAN  122 , the UE  110  may be configured to be in an RRC inactive state. In RRC inactive mode, the UE  110  maintains an RRC connection while minimizing signaling and power consumption. As described above, reference to any particular operating state is merely provided for illustrative purposes, the exemplary embodiments may apply to any suitable operating state for the UE  110 . 
     When in RRC idle state, the UE  110  may be configured with DRX functionality. For instance, in one exemplary scenario, the eNB  120 A of the LTE-RAN  120  may broadcast a SIB 2. The SIB 2 may include, in part, DRX parameters. Based on these parameters, the UE  110  may determine the subframes during which the network may transmit information to the UE  110  on the PDCCH. Subsequently, the UE  110  schedules onDurations to coincide with the subframes during which the network may transmit information to the UE  110  on the PDCCH. 
     The UE  110  may be configured with DRX functionality and CMAS mode simultaneously. CMAS mode may be considered a power efficient mode of operation and thus, activating CMAS mode may provide power saving benefits to the UE  110 . As mentioned above, during CMAS mode, the UE  110  may process information and/or data related to CMAS messages while other operations related to the cellular network connection are limited, omitted and/or delayed. In this configuration, the UE  110  may be monitoring the PDCCH at least once per DRX cycle to determine whether a CMAS indication has been transmitted by the network. However, CMAS messages are rare and thus, the UE  110  may experience a power drain monitoring for CMAS indications that are unlikely to occur. The exemplary embodiments relate to utilizing updated CMAS mode where the UE  110  is configured to monitor the PDCCH for CMAS indications less frequently than CMAS mode. 
       FIG.  3 A  shows a graph  300 A that provides an example of when a UE  110  that is operating in CMAS mode may be in an active mode of processing in response to a CMAS message and when a UE  110  that is operating in updated CMAS mode may be in an active mode of processing in response to the CMAS message according to various exemplary embodiments. The graph  300 A will be described with regard to the network arrangement  100  of  FIG.  1    and the UE  110  of  FIG.  2   . 
     Consider an exemplary scenario where the UE is camped on the eNB  120 A of the LTE-RAN  120 . The UE  110  is in the RRC idle state and configured with DRX functionality. When a CMAS message is triggered, the network may transmit the CMAS indication and the CMAS message over a first duration and retransmit the CMAS indication and the CMAS messages over a second duration immediately subsequent to the first duration. 
     The graph  300 A includes a timeline  320  and two line graphs  330  and  350 . The timeline  320  illustrates when the transmission and retransmission of the CMAS indication and the CMAS message occurs. The line graph  330  illustrates when a UE  110  that is operating in CMAS mode may be in an active mode of processing in response to the timeline  320 . The line graph  350  illustrates when a UE  110  that is operating in updated CMAS mode may be in an active mode of processing in response to the timeline  320 . Accordingly, the graph  300 A may demonstrate the power saving benefits of updated CMAS mode compared to CMAS mode. 
     The x-axis  310  represents time. The timeline  320  shows an initial CMAS indication  322 , an initial CMAS message  323 , a retransmitted CMAS indication  324  and a retransmitted CMAS message  325 . In this exemplary scenario, the initial CMAS indication  322  may be transmitted in a paging message by the eNB  120 A to the UE  110  via the PDCCH. The initial CMAS message  323  may be scheduled by the eNB  120 A immediately after the initial CMAS indication  322 . The eNB  120 A may transmit the initial CMAS message  323  via the PDSCH in a SIB 12. The retransmitted CMAS indication  324  may be transmitted in a paging message by the eNB  120 A to the UE  110  via the PDCCH. The retransmitted CMAS message  325  may be scheduled by the eNB  120 A immediately after the retransmitted CMAS indication  323 . The eNB  120 A may transmit the retransmitted CMAS message  325  via the PDSCH in a SIB 12. 
     Line graph  330  represents the UE  110  in CMAS mode. The level of the line graph  330  on the y-axis  315  illustrates when the UE  110  may be in an active mode of processing in response to the timeline  320 . When the line graph  330  is plotted along the x-axis at point  332  of the y-axis  315  the UE is not in an active mode of processing. When the line graph  330  is plotted along the x-axis  310  at point  334  of the y-axis  315  the UE  110  is in an active mode of processing. 
     In this exemplary scenario, when in CMAS mode, the UE  110  is configured with an onDuration  335 . Accordingly, the UE  110  may be in an active mode of processing to monitor the PDCCH and determine whether the network has transmitted any CMAS indications. As demonstrated by the timeline  320 , a CMAS indication is not scheduled during the onDuration  335 . Upon conclusion of the onDuration  335 , the UE  110  enters a sleep mode of inactivity to conserve power. The UE  110  experiences the same circumstances again during the onDuration  336 . 
     During onDuration  337 , the UE  110  detects the initial CMAS indication  322 . Accordingly, upon conclusion of the onDuration  337 , the UE  110  is configured to remain in the active mode of processing to receive the initial CMAS message  323  as indicated by the initial CMAS indication  322 . When in CMAS mode, the UE  110  monitors the PDCCH every DRX cycle and is unaware that the network will retransmit the CMAS indication and CMAS message. Accordingly, during the onDuration  338  the UE  110  detects the retransmitted CMAS indication  324  and upon conclusion of the onDuration  338 , the UE  110  remains in the active mode of processing to receive the retransmitted CMAS message  325 . 
     During the onDuration  339 , the UE  110  may be in an active mode of processing to monitor the PDCCH. As demonstrated by the timeline  320 , a CMAS indication is not scheduled during the onDuration  339 . Upon conclusion of the onDuration  339 , the UE  110  enters a sleep mode of inactivity to conserve power. The UE  110  experiences the same circumstances again during the onDuration  340 . 
     Line graph  350  represents the UE  110  in updated CMAS mode. The level of the line graph  350  on the y-axis  315  illustrates when the UE  110  may be in an active mode of processing in response to the timeline  320 . When the line graph  350  is plotted along the x-axis  310  at point  352  of the y-axis  315  the UE is not in an active mode processing. When the line graph  350  is plotted along the x-axis  310  at point  354  of the y-axis  315  the UE  110  is in an active mode of processing. 
     In this exemplary scenario, the UE  110  may have received an indication from the network that if a CMAS message is triggered, the network is configured to transmit the CMAS indication and the CMAS message over a first duration. Subsequently, the network will retransmit the CMAS indication and the CMAS messages over a second duration immediately subsequent to the first duration. This is the behavior demonstrated by the timeline  320 . 
     Based on the indication received from the network, the UE  110  may utilize an updated CMAS monitoring schedule. In this exemplary scenario, the updated CMAS monitoring schedule may be configured with a DRX cycle duration that enables the UE  110  to be in an active mode of processing during one of the first duration or the second duration and in a sleep mode of inactivity during the other duration. 
     During the onDuration  355 , the UE  110  may be in an active mode of processing to monitor the PDCCH. As demonstrated by the timeline  320 , a CMAS indication is not scheduled during the onDuration  355 . Upon conclusion of the onDuration  355 , the UE  110  enters a sleep mode of inactivity to conserve power. 
     During onDuration  356 , the UE  110  detects the initial CMAS indication  322 . Accordingly, upon conclusion of the onDuration  356 , the UE  110  remains in the active mode of processing to receive the initial CMAS message  323  as indicated by the initial CMAS indication  322 . Since there is no onDuration scheduled when the retransmitted CMAS indication  324  is transmitted, the UE  110  is able to conserve power instead of receiving a redundant retransmission. 
     During the onDuration  357 , the UE  110  may be in an active mode of processing to monitor the PDCCH. As demonstrated by the timeline  320 , a CMAS indication is not scheduled during the onDuration  357 . Upon conclusion of the onDuration  357 , the UE  110  enters a sleep mode of inactivity to conserve power. 
     A comparison of the line graph  330  and the line graph  350  illustrates the power saving benefits of the updated CMAS mode compared to CMAS mode. In this exemplary scenario, when the UE  110  is in updated CMAS mode, the UE  110  is able to experience significant power saving benefits by increasing the DRX cycle duration. This decreases the number of onDurations and thus, the amount of time the UE  110  is in an active mode of operation. It also enables the UE  110  to reduce the number of redundant retransmission received by the UE  110 . 
       FIG.  3 B  shows a graph  300 B that provides an example of when a UE  110  that is operating in CMAS mode may be in an active mode of processing and when a UE  110  that is operating in updated CMAS mode may be in an active mode of processing according to various exemplary embodiments. The graph  300 B will be described with regard to the network arrangement  100  of  FIG.  1    and the UE  110  of  FIG.  2   . 
     Consider an exemplary scenario where the UE is camped on the eNB  120 A of the LTE-RAN  120 . The UE  110  is in the RRC idle state and configured with DRX functionality. Unlike the exemplary scenario described with regard to  FIG.  3 A , in this exemplary scenario the network does not transmit a CMAS indication or a CMAS message. 
     The graph  300 B includes two line graphs  360  and  370 . The line graph  360  illustrates when a UE  110  that is operating in CMAS mode may be in an active mode of processing. The line graph  370  illustrates when a UE  110  that is operating in updated CMAS mode may be in an active mode of processing. Accordingly, the graph  300 B may demonstrate the power saving benefits of updated CMAS mode compared to CMAS mode. 
     Line graph  360  represents the UE  110  in CMAS mode. The level of the line graph  360  on the y-axis  315  illustrates when the UE  110  may be in an active mode of processing. When the line graph  360  is plotted along the x-axis  310  at point  362  of the y-axis  315  the UE is not in an active mode processing. When the line graph  360  is plotted along the x-axis  310  at point  364  of the y-axis  315  the UE  110  is in an active mode of processing. 
     In this exemplary scenario, in CMAS mode, the UE  110  is configured with onDurations  365 ,  366 ,  367 ,  368 ,  369 . Accordingly, during each of the onDurations  365 ,  366 ,  367 ,  368 ,  369  the UE  110  may be in an active mode of processing to monitor the PDCCH and determine whether the network has transmitted any CMAS indications. Since no CMAS indications have been transmitted, upon conclusion of the onDurations  365 ,  366 ,  367 ,  368 ,  369  the UE  110  enters a sleep mode of inactivity to conserve power. 
     Line graph  370  represents the UE  110  in updated CMAS mode. The level of the line graph  370  on the y-axis  315  illustrates when the UE  110  may be in an active mode of processing. When the line graph  370  is plotted along the x-axis at point  372  of the y-axis  315  the UE is not in an active mode processing. When the line graph  370  is plotted along the x-axis  310  at point  374  of the y-axis  315  the UE  110  is in an active mode of processing. 
     In this exemplary scenario, the UE  110  may have received an indication from the network that if a CMAS message is triggered, the network is configured to transmit the CMAS indication and the CMAS message over a first duration. Subsequently, the network will retransmit the CMAS indication and the CMAS messages over a second duration immediately subsequent to the first duration. However, in this exemplary scenario, the network does not perform a transmission of the CMAS indication or the CMAS message. Based on the indication received from the network, the updated CMAS monitoring schedule may be configured with a DRX cycle duration that enables the UE  110  to be in an active mode of processing during one of the first duration or the second duration and in a sleep mode of inactivity during the other duration. 
     In this exemplary scenario, in updated CMAS mode, the UE  110  is configured with onDurations  375 ,  376 ,  377 . Accordingly, during each of the onDurations  375 ,  376 ,  377  the UE  110  may be in an active mode of processing to monitor the PDCCH and determine whether the network has transmitted any CMAS indications. Since no CMAS indication are transmitted, upon conclusion of the onDurations  375 ,  376 ,  377  the UE  110  enters a sleep mode of inactivity to conserve power. 
     A comparison of the line graph  360  and the line graph  370  illustrates the power saving benefits of updated CMAS mode compared to CMAS mode. In this exemplary scenario, when the UE  110  is in updated CMAS mode, the UE  110  is able to experience significant power saving benefits by increasing the DRX cycle duration. This decreases the number of onDurations and thus, the amount of time the UE  110  is in an active mode of operation. 
       FIG.  4    shows an exemplary method  400  for the UE  110  to activate updated CMAS mode according to various exemplary embodiments. The method  400  will be described with regard to the network arrangement  100  of  FIG.  1    and the UE  110  of  FIG.  2   . 
     Consider the following exemplary scenario, the UE  110  is connected to the WLAN  126  and configured to access services via the WLAN  126 . Since CMAS messages are only broadcast over a cellular network, to comply with various regulations and/or standards the UE  110  may remain connected, in some manner, to a cellular network, even when the UE  110  has established a connection to a non-cellular network (e.g., WLAN  126 ). Thus, the UE  110  is camped on the eNB  120 A of the LTE-RAN  120  in the RRC idle state. 
     In  405 , the UE  110  is configured with the DRX cycle duration that is provided by the cellular network. In this exemplary scenario the DRX cycle duration provided by the cellular network may be 1.28 seconds. During operation, the eNB  120 A of the LTE-RAN  120  may broadcast a SIB 2. The SIB 2 may include information that indicates to the UE  110  the subframes during which the network may transmit paging messages to the UE  110  on the PDCCH. Subsequently, the UE  110  configures onDurations to coincide with the subframes during which the network may transmit paging messages to the UE  110  on the PDCCH. Thus, the onDurations for the UE  110  and the scheduled instances during which the cellular network may transmit a paging message to the UE  110  are synchronized. Reference to SIB 2 is merely exemplary, different networks may refer to similar information by a different name. The exemplary embodiments may apply to a cellular network that provides the UE  110  with a DRX cycle duration in any appropriate manner. 
     In  410 , the UE  110  is configured to operate in CMAS mode. In this exemplary configuration, since the UE  110  has access to services via the WLAN  126 , the UE  110  utilizes CMAS mode for the cellular connection. During CMAS mode, the UE  110  is configured to monitor for paging messages at least once each DRX cycle. 
     In  415 , the UE  110  receives information related to the CMAS transmission pattern that is to be implemented by the network. Information related to the CMAS transmission pattern may include, but is not limited to, an indication of a number of paging repetitions (e.g., 2, 4, 8, 16, 20, 25, etc.) and an indication of a number of DRX cycles between each repetition (e.g., 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 20, 25, etc.). To provide an example, the timeline  320  of  FIG.  3 A  illustrates two paging repetitions  322 ,  324  with zero DRX cycles between each repetition. Returning to  FIG.  4   , information related to the CMAS transmission pattern may also include the duration of the CMAS message, the duration of the SIB 12 and/or a repeat duration that indicates when the entire CMAS transmission patterns may be repeated. 
     A cellular network may provide the UE  110  with information related to the CMAS transmission pattern that is to be implemented by the network in any of a variety of different ways. In one example, the network may include the information related to the CMAS transmission pattern in a SIB. For instance, the network may include an indication of a number of paging repetitions and a number of DRX cycles between each repetition in a SIB 1, an on-demand SIB or a Public Warning System (PWS) SIB that can be used by a wearable or IoT type of device. In another example, the 5G NR-RAN  122  may provide this information to the UE  110  by downlink control information (DCI). Throughout this description, reference to any particular type of information related to the CMAS transmission pattern or any particular way to provide this information to the UE  110  is merely exemplary. Different networks may refer to similar information or signals by a different name. 
     Alternatively, instead of providing the UE  110  with multiple parameters related to the CMAS transmission pattern, the network may provide the UE  110  with a CMAS scheduling index that can be mapped into a predefined CMAS scheduling configuration. For example, the scheduling index may be preloaded on the UE  110 . During operation, information related to the CMAS transmission pattern that is to be implemented by the network may be indicated by a single CMAS scheduling index value. When the UE  110  receives a CMAS scheduling index value, the UE  110  may reference the preloaded scheduling index and determine both the number of paging repetitions and the number of DRX cycles between each repetition that the network is configured to utilize for the CMAS transmission pattern. 
       FIG.  5    includes a table  500  that shows CMAS scheduling index values mapped into a predefined CMAS scheduling configuration according to various exemplary embodiments. The table  500  shows scheduling index values mapped to both a number of paging repetitions and a number of DRX cycles between each repetition. Column  502  of the table  500  includes exemplary scheduling index values. Column  504  of the table  500  includes exemplary values for paging repetitions and column  506  of the table  500  includes exemplary values for the number of DRX cycles between each paging repetition. The scheduling index values are mapped to the other values of the same row. For instance, the table  500  demonstrates that if the UE  110  receives the scheduling index value of zero, the UE  110  may determine that the network is to utilize two paging repetitions with one DRX cycle between each repetition based on the scheduling index value. 
     Returning to the method  400 , in  420 , the UE  110  generates an updated CMAS monitoring schedule based on the information related to the CMAS transmission pattern. From the network perspective, the DRX cycle duration will remain unchanged. From the UE  110  perspective, the DRX cycle duration may increase and thus, the UE  110  may increase the duration in which the UE  110  is in the sleep mode of inactivity. Accordingly, there may be instances where the network sends a paging message to the UE  110  but the UE  110  is not monitoring for the paging message. However, the information related to the CMAS transmission pattern may enable the UE  110  to configure an updated CMAS monitoring schedule that ensures at least one of the initial CMAS indication or a subsequent retransmitted CMAS indication will be received by the UE  110 . 
     In the following exemplary scenario, the information related to the CMAS transmission pattern indicates that the network is configured to utilize two paging repetitions with zero DRX cycles in between. As mentioned above in  405 , the DRX cycle duration provided by the cellular network may be 1.28 seconds. Two paging repetitions with zero DRX cycles indicates that for a 2.56 second duration, the same CMAS message will be transmitted twice. Accordingly, the UE  110  may generate an updated CMAS monitoring schedule where the UE  110  is configured to monitor for CMAS indications only once every 2.56 seconds. This ensures that if the UE  110  receives the initial CMAS indication, the UE  110  will not be in an active mode of processing during the retransmitted CMAS indication. Alternatively, if the UE  110  misses the initial CMAS indication, the UE  110  will be in an active mode of processing during the retransmitted CMAS indication. Thus, the updated CMAS mode may enable the UE  110  to increase power saving benefits without decreasing the likelihood that the UE  110  will receive a CMAS message if the CMAS message is transmitted. 
     Throughout this description, any reference to a particular configuration for the updated CMAS monitoring schedule is merely provided for illustrative purposes. The exemplary embodiments may apply to any updated CMAS monitoring schedule that enables the UE  110  to increase power saving benefits without decreasing the likelihood that the UE  110  will receive a CMAS message if the CMAS message is transmitted. 
     In  425 , the UE  110  activates updated CMAS mode. As mentioned above, updated CMAS mode employs similar mechanisms to CMAS mode. However, unlike CMAS mode which monitors for a CMAS indication each conventional DRX cycle, updated CMAS mode monitors for a CMAS indication in accordance with the updated CMAS monitoring schedule. 
     Activating updated CMAS mode is not limited to the exemplary scenarios described above. For instance, a simultaneous connection to a non-cellular network (WLAN  126 ) is not required. The UE  110  may be configured to initiate the activation of updated CMAS mode based on the battery power of the UE  110  satisfying a predetermined threshold. In another example, the UE  110  may be configured to initiate the activation of updated CMAS mode based on channel conditions, network conditions, connection issues related to the corresponding cellular network or any combination thereof. In a further example, the UE  110  may be a battery powered device with the sole purpose of providing CMAS indications. 
       FIG.  6    shows a signaling diagram  600  that relates to dynamically altering the CMAS transmission pattern. The signaling diagram will be described with regard to the network arrangement  100  of  FIG.  1   , the UE  110  of  FIG.  2    and the method  400  of  FIG.  4   . 
     In the following exemplary scenario, the UE  110  is camped on the eNB  120 A of the LTE-RAN  120 . Initially, the UE  110  is operating in CMAS mode. 
     In  605 , the eNB  120 A transmits a SIB 1 to the UE  110 . As mentioned above with regard to  415  of the method  400 , the network may include information related to the CMAS transmission pattern in a SIB 1. As mentioned above with regard to  420 - 425  of the method  400 , the UE  110  may generate a first updated CMAS monitoring schedule based on the information related to the CMAS transmission pattern. Subsequently, the UE  110  may activate updated CMAS mode and operate in accordance with the first updated CMAS monitoring schedule. The network has not yet initiated the broadcast of a CMAS message. Accordingly, the network may set its CMAS transmission pattern parameters to maximize the amount of time the UE  110  is in the sleep mode during updated CMAS mode. 
     In  610 , the CMAS server  170  is triggered to initiate the broadcast of a CMAS message. Accordingly, the CMAS server  170  transmits signal to a mobile management entity (MME)  180  of the LTE-RAN  120 . The MME  180  may be a network entity included in the cellular core network  130 . The signal may include various information and/or data related to the broadcast of a CMAS message. For example, the signal may include the emergency alert that is to be included when the CMAS message is broadcast. 
     In  615 , the MME  180  transmits a request to the eNB  120 A to transmit a CMAS message to UEs within at least a portion of its tracking area. The request may include the information and/or data received from the CMAS server  170  in  510 . The request may also include various CMAS transmission pattern parameters. 
     In  620 , the eNB  120 A transmits a SIB modification message to the UE  110 . This message may be intended to trigger the UE  110  to listen for a subsequent SIB 1 to be transmitted by the eNB  120 A. As mentioned above, the network previously set its CMAS transmission pattern parameters to maximize the amount of time UE  110  is in the sleep mode of inactivity because the broadcast of a CMAS message had not yet been initiated. However, now that the broadcast of a CMAS message has been initiated, the network may update its CMAS transmission pattern parameters. For example, the network may modify the operating values of the CMAS transmission pattern parameters with the intention of causing the UE  110  to increase the instances in which the UE  110  monitors for the CMAS indication. This improves latency related to the reception of the CMAS message at the UE  110 . In one exemplary embodiment, the modified operating values for the CMAS transmission pattern parameters may be based on the type of emergency alert. Thus, a first type of emergency alert and a second type of emergency alert may have different operating values for the CMAS transmission pattern parameters. The exemplary embodiments may modify the CMAS transmission pattern parameters for any appropriate reason. Accordingly, the SIB modification message enables the eNB  120 A to inform the UE  110  that these parameters have been updated and can be found in a subsequent SIB 1. 
     In  625 , the eNB  120 A transmits the SIB 1. Accordingly, the UE  110  may generate a second updated CMAS monitoring schedule to adapt to the CMAS transmission pattern parameters indicated in the SIB 1. 
     In  630 , the eNB  120 A transmits a CMAS indication to the UE  110  in a paging message via the PDCCH. The UE  110 , operating in updated CMAS mode, decodes the paging message and identifies the CMAS indication. 
     In  635 , the eNB  120 A transmits the CMAS message in a SIB 12 via the PDSCH. The UE  110  is able to receive the SIB 12 based on the CMAS indication received during  530 . The eNB  120 A may perform the  630  and  635  signaling a plurality of times in accordance with the CMAS transmission pattern parameters. 
     At a conclusion of a timer operated by the MME  180  keeping track of the repeat duration that indicates when the entire CMAS transmission patterns may be repeated, the MME  180  may repeat  515 . 
     Any reference to a particular signal or network entity in the above described signaling diagram is merely provided for illustrative purposes. Different networks may refer to similar network entities and similar signals by different names. For example, in 5G NR, the operations performed by the MME  180  of the LTE-RAN  120  may be performed by an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) and the operations performed by the eNB  120 A may be performed by a gNB. 
     Those skilled in the art will understand that the above-described exemplary embodiments may be implemented in any suitable software or hardware configuration or combination thereof. An exemplary hardware platform for implementing the exemplary embodiments may include, for example, an Intel x86 based platform with compatible operating system, a Windows OS, a Mac platform and MAC OS, a mobile device having an operating system such as iOS, Android, etc. In a further example, the exemplary embodiments of the above described method may be embodied as a program containing lines of code stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium that, when compiled, may be executed on a processor or microprocessor. 
     It is well understood that the use of personally identifiable information should follow privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining the privacy of users. In particular, personally identifiable information data should be managed and handled so as to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of authorized use should be clearly indicated to users. 
     It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications may be made in the present disclosure, without departing from the spirit or the scope of the disclosure. Thus, it is intended that the present disclosure cover modifications and variations of this disclosure provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalent.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20190214
Publication Date: 20231107
Grant Date: 20231107
Priority Date: 20190214
Inventors: SHIKARI, MURTAZA A.
ZHANG, DAWEI
XU, FANGLI
HU, HAIJING
XING, LONGDA
Gurumoorthy, Sethuraman
KODALI, Sree Ram
NIMMALA, SRINIVASAN
LOVLEKAR, SRIRANG A.
CHEN, YUQIN
DHANAPAL, MUTHUKUMARAN
VENKATARAMAN, VIJAY
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H04W4/90", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W72/23", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W76/28", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W76/50", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W76/28", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W4/90", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W76/50", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W4/90", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W76/28", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W76/50", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W72/23", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 72043904