PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-10353485-B1
Application Number: US-201715615806-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B1

Title: Multifunction input device with an embedded capacitive sensing layer

Abstract:
Disclosed herein is a multifunction input device, such as, a keyboard. The multifunction input device has a capacitive sensing layer that enables a user to use the multifunction input device as standard keyboard and also as a touch sensitive surface such as, for example, a trackpad.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A keyboard, comprising:
 an array of keys, each key of the array of keys comprising:
 a keycap; 
 an actuation mechanism coupled to the keycap and configured to move the keycap between an unactuated and an actuated position; and 
 a switch disposed beneath the keycap and comprising a dome that is configured to contact an electrical contact when the keycap is in the actuated position; 
 
 a frame defining an array of openings, each key of the array of keys positioned in a respective opening; and 
 a capacitive sensing layer disposed below the frame and the array of keys, the capacitive sensing layer configured to detect a touch input across multiple keys of the array of keys and one or more portions of the frame, wherein for each key of the array of keys:
 the capacitive sensing layer defines a void space beneath the keycap in which the electrical contact is positioned; and 
 at least one sense electrode and at least one drive electrode of the capacitive sensing layer are arranged around a periphery of the void space. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The keyboard of  claim 1 , wherein the capacitive sensing layer is calibrated to normalize a detected change in capacitance over the keycap and at least a portion of the frame. 
     
     
       3. The keyboard of  claim 1 , wherein the at least one sense electrode comprises a protrusion extending into the void space. 
     
     
       4. The keyboard of  claim 1 , further comprising a fabric layer positioned over the keycap. 
     
     
       5. The keyboard of  claim 4 , wherein the fabric layer comprises an embossed portion that extends beyond a surface area of the keycap and operative to provide a smooth transition between the frame and the surface area of the keycap. 
     
     
       6. The keyboard of  claim 4 , wherein the fabric layer defines recesses between respective keys of the array of keys. 
     
     
       7. The keyboard of  claim 1 , wherein a portion of the at least one sense electrode is interleaved with a corresponding portion of the at least one drive electrode. 
     
     
       8. The keyboard of  claim 1 , further comprising a substrate, wherein the capacitive sensing layer is embedded in the substrate. 
     
     
       9. An input device, comprising:
 a frame defining first and second openings and a frame segment positioned between and at least partially defining the first and second openings; 
 a first key positioned in the first opening and defining a first input surface; 
 a second key positioned in the second opening and defining a second input surface, each of the first and second keys comprising:
 a keycap configured to actuate in response to a key input; and 
 an electrical contact positioned beneath the keycap and configured to provide a signal in response to an actuation of the keycap; and 
 
 a capacitive sensing layer positioned below the frame and configured to detect a touch input along the first input surface, the second input surface, and at least a portion of the frame segment. 
 
     
     
       10. The input device of  claim 9 , wherein the capacitive sensing layer is calibrated such that a detected change in capacitance is normalized over the first input surface and the second input surface. 
     
     
       11. The input device of  claim 9 , wherein a portion of the capacitive sensing layer is coupled to the frame of the input device. 
     
     
       12. The input device of  claim 9 , wherein the capacitive sensing layer is operative to distinguish a first type of input from a second type of input received along the first input surface, the second input surface, and the at least the portion of the frame segment. 
     
     
       13. The input device of  claim 9 , further comprising a fabric layer disposed over the keycap. 
     
     
       14. A method for detecting a touch input received across multiple keys and a portion of a frame of a touch-sensitive keyboard, comprising:
 in response to receiving a first portion of the touch input along a first key of the touch-sensitive keyboard, detecting a first change in capacitance in a first region of a capacitive sensing layer located beneath the first key, the first key comprising an electrical contact positioned in the first region and configured to provide a signal indicating actuation of the first key; 
 in response to receiving a second portion of the touch input along a frame segment of the touch-sensitive keyboard, detecting a second change in capacitance in a second region of the capacitive sensing layer located beneath the frame segment, wherein the first region is different from the second region; 
 in response to receiving a third portion of the touch input along a second key of the touch-sensitive keyboard, detecting a third change in capacitance in a third region of the capacitive sensing layer located beneath the second key of the touch-sensitive keyboard; and 
 adjusting an output signal of the capacitive sensing layer to normalize the first change in capacitance with respect to at least one of the second change in capacitance or the third change in capacitance.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S) 
     This application is a nonprovisional patent application of and claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/367,134, filed Jul. 27, 2016 and titled “Multifunction Input Device with an Embedded Capacitive Sensing Layer,” the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety 
    
    
     FIELD 
     The described embodiments relate generally to an input device, for example, a keyboard for a computing device. More specifically, the embodiments described herein are directed to a keyboard that enables a user to provide mechanical input and touch input to a computing device associated with the keyboard. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Some portable computing devices, such as laptop computers, include a standard QWERTY keyboard for providing text input. These portable computing devices may also include a trackpad, a mouse and/or a touch sensitive display that enables the user to provide touch input to the computing device. 
     Although a variety of input devices may be provided, a user is typically required to move his hands from one input device to another in order to provide each type of input. For example, if a user is typing on the keyboard and wishes to select a particular icon on the display or move a cursor, the user is required to move his hands from the keyboard to a mouse, a trackpad or the display. Once the user has completed the desired action with the touch input device and wishes to return to typing, the user again places his hands on the keyboard. 
     SUMMARY 
     Described herein is a multifunction input device that utilizes both mechanical input and touch input when providing input to a computing device. In some embodiments, the multifunction input device is a keyboard. The keyboard may include a keycap, a frame at least partially surrounding the keycap, and a capacitive sensing layer. The capacitive sensing layer defines a void space in which an electrical contact is positioned. The capacitive sensing layer also includes one or more sense electrodes and at least one drive electrode arranged around a periphery of the void space. 
     The present disclosure also describes a stackup for an input device. The stackup includes an input surface at least partially surrounded by a frame, a substrate, an electrical contact positioned underneath the input surface, and a capacitive sensing layer associated with the substrate. The capacitive sensing layer includes first and second sense electrodes electrically coupled to one another and a drive electrode positioned between the first and second sense electrodes. In some embodiments, a portion of at least one of the first sense electrode or the second sense electrode extends beneath the input surface but does not overlap the electrical contact. 
     Also described is a method for determining a type of input received on a touch-sensitive keyboard. This method includes detecting a first change in capacitance in response to received input at a first location on the touch-sensitive keyboard and detecting a second change in capacitance in response to input received at a second location on the touch-sensitive keyboard. The first location is different from the second location. The method continues by normalizing the first change in capacitance with respect to the second change in capacitance. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The disclosure will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like structural elements, and in which: 
         FIG. 1A  illustrates an example computing device that may use or otherwise incorporate a multifunction input device; 
         FIG. 1B  illustrates the example computing device of  FIG. 1A  in which a user is providing a first type of input to the multifunction input device; 
         FIG. 1C  illustrates the example computing device of  FIG. 1A  in which a user is providing a second type of input to the multifunction input device; 
         FIG. 2A  illustrates a sample cross-section view of a stackup of a key of the multifunction input device taken from line A-A of  FIG. 1A  according to a first embodiment; 
         FIG. 2B  illustrates a sample cross-section view of a stackup of a key of the multifunction input device taken from line A-A of  FIG. 1A  according to a second embodiment; 
         FIG. 3A  illustrates a sample cross-section view of a stackup of a key of the multifunction input device taken from line A-A of  FIG. 1A  according to a third embodiment; 
         FIG. 3B  illustrates a sample cross-section view of a stackup of a key of the multifunction input device taken from line A-A of  FIG. 1A  according to a fourth embodiment; 
         FIG. 4  illustrates an example substrate having a capacitive sensing layer; 
         FIG. 5A  illustrates a capacitive sensing layer that may be used in or incorporated by a multifunction input device; 
         FIG. 5B  illustrates a second layer of the capacitive sensing layer of  FIG. 5A  that may be used or incorporated by a multifunction input device; 
         FIG. 6  illustrates an example arrangement of drive and sense electrodes of a capacitive sensing layer that may be used in or incorporated by a multifunction input device; 
         FIG. 7  illustrates another example arrangement of drive and sense electrodes of a capacitive sensing layer that may be used in or incorporated by a multifunction input device; 
         FIG. 8A  illustrates field lines that represent a capacitance between various drive electrodes and sense electrodes of a capacitive sensing layer; 
         FIG. 8B  illustrates how the capacitance may change when a user&#39;s finger or other input mechanism approaches the capacitive sensing layer of  FIG. 8A ; 
         FIG. 9  illustrates a method for detecting input received by a multifunction input device; 
         FIG. 10  illustrates a method for calibrating a multifunction input device; and 
         FIG. 11  illustrates example components of a computing device. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Reference will now be made in detail to representative embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the following descriptions are not intended to limit the embodiments to one preferred configuration. To the contrary, it is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as can be included within the spirit and scope of the described embodiments as defined by the appended claims. 
     The embodiments described herein are directed to a multifunction input device that utilizes both mechanical input and touch input when providing input to a computing device. In some embodiments, the multifunction input device is a keyboard. The keyboard may be integrated with the computing device or it may be removably coupled to the computing device. 
     For example, the computing device may be a laptop computer having an integrated keyboard. In another example, the computing device may be a tablet computer and the multifunction input device may be a keyboard that can be attached to and detached from the tablet computer. The multifunction input device may be any other electronic device, and can couple to any input device having multiple keys, buttons, or the like. 
     The multifunction input device may utilize or otherwise enable a user to provide mechanical input and touch input to the computing device. For example, the multifunction input device may have a number of keys or buttons that may be actuated by a user. In addition, the multifunction input device may enable a user to provide touch input to the keys or buttons in order to move a cursor, select a displayed icon, perform a gesture, and so on. The multifunction input device can also provide inputs across multiple keys, using multiple key surfaces for single input. 
     The multifunction input device may have a capacitive sensing layer disposed underneath each of the buttons or keys. As such, the entire surface of the input device (or designated portions of the surface of the input device) may function as a trackpad or other touch-sensitive input device. Thus, when a user wishes to move a cursor, select an icon or perform an action associated with a gesture, the user can provide the input directly on the surface of the keys or buttons of the input device, without removing his fingers or hands from the surface of the input device or pressing the keys/buttons. 
     As briefly discussed above, the multifunction input device includes a capacitive sensing layer positioned underneath the buttons or keys. The capacitive sensing layer includes various drive and sense electrodes arranged in a particular pattern. 
     In one embodiment, the capacitive sensing layer includes at least two sense electrodes electrically coupled to one another (e.g., in pairs). One or more drive electrodes are positioned between the pairs of sense electrodes. The sense electrodes and the drive electrodes may have various dimensions and be arranged in various ways and patterns. 
     For example, the sense electrodes may be arranged in rows while the drive electrodes are arranged in columns. In another arrangement, the sense electrodes may be arranged in columns while the drive electrodes are arranged in rows. In yet another embodiment, portions of the drive electrodes may be interdigitated or otherwise interleaved with portions of the sense electrodes to form an interdigitated pattern. In another example, the sense electrodes may be arranged in a first plane and the drive electrodes may be arranged on a second, different plane. In some embodiments, the dimensions of the drive and sense electrodes may vary. For example, the dimensions of the drive electrodes and/or the sense electrodes may have a first set of dimensions at a first area on the substrate and may have a second set of dimensions at a second area on the substrate. 
     As the multifunction input device described herein has dual functionality, it may be calibrated so that a detected change in capacitance is normalized or equalized across the entire surface of the multifunction input device including any void spaces or dead spots associated with the key. For example, the multifunction input device may consist of a number of keys or buttons that are each surrounded by a frame. The capacitive sensing layer is provided underneath the frame and the keys. When an input mechanism, such as a user&#39;s finger, travels over the keys and the frame of the multifunction input device, the input mechanism causes a change in capacitance that is detectable by the capacitive sensing layer. 
     However, the ability to detect a change in capacitance may vary at different locations on the multifunction input device. For example, components of the key (e.g., keycap, dome, switch etc.) may disrupt, interfere with or otherwise weaken a capacitive coupling between a user&#39;s finger or other input device and the capacitive sensing layer. In another example, a void space may be formed in the capacitive sensing layer. However, the frame of the input device does not include those structures. Accordingly, a greater change in capacitance may occur and/or be detected when the input mechanism passes over the frame. Accordingly, some of the embodiments described herein are directed to calibrating the multifunction input device in order to normalize or equalize the change in capacitance that is detected over the surface of the multifunction input device including the void space on the capacitive sensing layer. 
     In some embodiments, the multifunction input device may include a fabric layer positioned over each of the keys and the frame. The fabric layer may provide a smooth sensation to the user and also soften rough edges of an input surface of a keycap that a user contacts as he moves his hands or fingers across the surface of each of the keys when providing touch input. The fabric layer may include embossed portions that correspond to each key of the input device. The embossed portions may be adhered to each keycap. However, the embossed portions may also extend beyond the surface of the keycap in order to provide a smooth transition between the frame and each key. 
     The use of the term “embossed” does not imply or require any particular method for forming a corresponding feature or area. Rather, an embossed area, feature, or the like may be formed by any suitable process or mechanism, including heat forming, molding, stamping, crimping, weaving, or the like. Some embossed areas or structures discussed herein have one or more sidewalls connecting the raised region to the lower region; such sidewalls may be generally perpendicular to one of or both the raised and lower regions, although this is not necessary. 
     These and other embodiments are discussed below with reference to  FIGS. 1-10 . However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the detailed description given herein with respect to these Figures is for explanatory purposes only and should not be construed as limiting. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates an example computing device  100  that may use or otherwise incorporate the multifunction input device of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the multifunction input device is a keyboard and the computing device  100  is a tablet computer. The keyboard may be removably attached from the computing device  100  or it may be integrated with the computing device  100 . For example, although a tablet computer is shown, the computing device may be a laptop computer, a mobile phone, a personal digital assistant, or other portable computing device. Further, although a keyboard is specifically mentioned, the embodiments described herein may be incorporated by various input devices or mechanisms such as, for example, trackpads, mice, buttons, and so on. 
     The computing device  100  may include a display  110 . The display  110  may function as both an input device and an output device. For example, the display  110  may output images, graphics, text, and the like to a user. The display  110  may also act as a touch input device that detects and measures a location of touch input on the display  110 . The computing device  100  may also include one or more force sensors that detect and/or measure an amount of force exerted on the display  110 . 
     The keyboard of the computing device  100  includes one or more keys or buttons, such as key  120 . Each of the one or more keys may correspond to a particular input. The keyboard may also include a frame  130 , a key web or other support structure. The frame  130  may define apertures though which the one or more keys are placed. The frame  130  may be made of various materials such as, but not limited to, aluminum, plastic, metal, rubber and the like and may be used to provide structural support for the keyboard and/or the one or more keys. The frame  130  may also separate adjacent keys from one another and/or from a housing of the computing device  100 . The keyboard may also include a fabric layer that is placed over each of the one or more keys and/or the frame  130 . 
     In some embodiments, the computing device  100  may also include an input component (not shown). The input component may be a touch input device such as a trackpad. In some implementations, the input component may be omitted from the computing device  100  as the keyboard may function as a touch input device and a keyboard. 
     For example, and as shown in  FIG. 1B , an input mechanism  150 , such as a user&#39;s finger, may actuate one of the keys to cause the computing device  100  to produce an output  160  on the display  110 . In some embodiments, the keys, such as key  120 , may be a mechanical key having a switch, a contact, or other such mechanism that provides a signal when the key  120  is actuated. In other embodiments, actuation of the keys may be detected by one or more capacitive sensors or the capacitive sensing layer described herein. In other embodiments, the capacitive sensing layer described herein may be configured to detect an amount of force provided on each key. For example, as one or more components of the capacitive sensing layer are moved closer together, the change in capacitance between the layers may be detected. The amount of force provided on the key may then be determined. 
     In addition, the keys, such as key  120 , may act as multi-touch input devices. The multi-touch input device can detect a change in capacitance in more than one area. When a touch is determined, the computing device  100  performs a certain action. For example, and turning to  FIG. 1C , the user may move an input mechanism  150 , such as his finger, across one or more keys of a keyboard and one or more portions of the frame  130  in the direction of arrow  170 . In response, a cursor  180 , or other icon shown on the display  110 , may move in the direction of arrow  190 . In some embodiments, the keys are not actuated (although they may be actuated) as the user moves his finger across the surface of each key  120  and across or over the surface of the frame  130 . 
     Rather, the capacitive sensing layer detects the change in capacitance at a given area and provides the detected change to a processing unit of the computing device  100 . The processing unit then determines the appropriate action to take based on the detected change in capacitance. For example, the processing unit may determine that the change in capacitance over various keys indicates a scroll operation. In another embodiment, the detected change in capacitance may indicate a gesture, a swipe or other types of input. Although the keys may function as a multi-touch input device, an input component, such as a trackpad, may also have multi-touch input functionality or it may be omitted. 
     In some embodiments, the capacitive sensing layer may detect the placement of a user&#39;s hands and/or fingers on the keyboard. If placement is incorrect (e.g., the fingers are not properly placed on the home row of the keyboard or in another default position) the computing device may notify the user of the incorrect placement. In some embodiments, the notification may be a haptic output that is provided by a haptic actuator associated with computing device  100  or can be a notification or alert that is shown on the display  110 . 
       FIG. 2A  illustrates a cross-section view of a stackup of a key  200  of a multifunction input device, taken along line A-A of  FIG. 1A , according to a first embodiment. The stackup of the key  200  includes a keycap  210  or other input surface that is at least partially surrounded by a frame  220 , a key web or other support structure. In some instances, the frame  220  defines an aperture though which the keycap  210  is placed. 
     As will be described in detail below, the key  200  may include or otherwise be associated with a capacitive sensing layer  280  that detects a change in capacitance when a user&#39;s finger contacts and/or presses the key  200 . The change in capacitance may indicate a location of the touch on the key  200  and/or the amount of force provided on the key  200 . 
     The keycap  210  may be coupled to a restoring mechanism  230  that enables the keycap  210  to move from a first position to a second position within the frame  220  when actuated. The restoring mechanism  230  may be a scissor mechanism, a butterfly mechanism, a hinge mechanism and the like that restores the keycap  210  to its nominal position when the keycap  210  is released or no longer actuated. Although specific restoring mechanisms  230  are disclosed, the capacitive sensing layer  280  may be used or otherwise integrated with any key architecture. 
     The key  200  may also include a membrane  240  positioned over a dome mechanism  250  and a contact  260 . In some embodiments, the membrane  240  is coupled to a contact housing  270  that contains the dome mechanism  250  and the contact  260 . In operation, the membrane  240  acts as a seal to prevent contaminants from interfering with the electrical and/or mechanical operation of the dome mechanism  250  and/or the contact  260 . In some embodiments, the membrane  240  may be made of rubber, plastic or other such materials. 
     The contact housing  270  may secure or otherwise anchor the dome mechanism  250  during actuation of the keycap  210 . For example, when the keycap  210  is actuated, the dome mechanism  250  is deformed or is otherwise compressed so that it touches or otherwise connects to the contact  260  thereby indicating the key  200  has been actuated. In some embodiments, the dome mechanism  250  may be a metal dome, a rubber dome, a plastic dome or it may be made from various other materials. 
     The key  200  also includes a capacitive sensing layer  280 . The capacitive sensing layer  280  may be integrated or embedded with a printed circuit board  290  or other substrate. As will be described below, the capacitive sensing layer  280  may be comprised of various sense electrodes and drive electrodes arranged in a particular pattern. The sense electrodes and drive electrodes are configured to detect a change in capacitance in a given region or area of the multifunction input device and/or over a particular key  200  when an input mechanism, such as a user&#39;s finger, contacts the keycap  210  and the frame  220  as it moves over the surface. 
     However, the presence of the various components of the key  200  (e.g., the membrane  240 , the dome mechanism  250 , the keycap  210  and so on) may disrupt or otherwise interfere with the capacitive readings of the capacitive sensing layer  280 . 
     For example, the surface of the keyboard may include discontinuities due to the profile of the keycap  210  and/or the difference in height between the keycap  210  and the frame  220 . As such, an input mechanism, such as a user&#39;s finger, may be a first distance away from the capacitive sensing layer  280  at a first location (e.g., over the keycap  210 ) and may be a second distance away from the capacitive sensing layer  280  at a second location (e.g., over the frame  220 ). In such instances, a touch profile detected by the capacitive sensing layer  280  may be distorted based on the location of the contact. Accordingly, and as will be described below, the detected change in capacitance may be normalized in order to remedy such affects. 
       FIG. 2B  illustrates a cross-section view of the stackup of the key  200  of the multifunction input device taken along line A-A of  FIG. 1A  according to a second embodiment. In this implementation, the key  200  includes similar components to those described above. For example, the key  200  includes a keycap  210  disposed within an aperture defined by a frame  220 . The key  200  also includes a restoring mechanism  230 , an optional membrane  240 , a dome mechanism  250 , a contact  260  and a contact housing  270 . Each of these components function in a similar manner as described above. 
     The key  200  also includes a capacitive sensing layer  280  and a printed circuit board  290  or other substrate. However, in this embodiment, the capacitive sensing layer  280  may be coupled to both the frame  220  and the printed circuit board  290 . For example, a first portion of the capacitive sensing layer  280  may be provided on a bottom surface of the frame  220  and a second portion (e.g., the portion positioned under the keycap  210 ) may be provided on the printed circuit board  290 . In some embodiments, the frame  220  may include a surface that extends underneath the keycap  210 . In another embodiment, a portion of the capacitive sensing layer  280  may be provided on a top surface of the frame  220  or may otherwise be integrated within the frame  220  while the second portion of the capacitive sensing layer  280  (or a different capacitive sensing layer  280 ) is provided under the keycap  210 . 
     In still yet other embodiments, the second portion of the capacitive sensing layer  280  may be omitted. In such embodiments, the portions of the capacitive sensing layer  280  that are near or otherwise border the keycap  210  may detect a change in capacitance (although the detected change in capacitance may be weaker due to the lack of the capacitive sensing layer  280  directly underneath the keycap  210 ) when a user&#39;s finger is near or is otherwise touching the keycap  210 . 
       FIG. 3A  illustrates a cross-section view of a stackup of a key  300  of the multifunction input device taken along line A-A of  FIG. 1A , according to a third embodiment. The key  300  includes a keycap  310  or other input surface positioned within an aperture defined by the frame  320 . In this embodiment, the keycap  310  may include a flange  315  that interacts with or otherwise contacts a portion of the frame  320  when the key  300  is in its nominal position. In this particular embodiment, the key  300  includes a fabric layer  325  that is positioned over the keycap  310 . The fabric layer  325  may be bonded or otherwise coupled to the keycap by an adhesive  330 . 
     In some embodiments, the portion of the fabric layer  325  that is coupled to the keycap  310  includes a raised or an embossed portion. The embossed portion may have surface area that is larger than a surface area of the keycap  310 . The embossed portion may be defined by or otherwise include a transition ramp  335  that extends beyond an outer edge of the keycap  310 . 
     The transition ramp  335  provides a smooth transition between each key  300  of the keyboard. For example, in typical keyboards, a space is present between each key. As a user slides his finger over the keys, the user&#39;s finger contacts rigid edges of each key. Continuous contact of these rigid edges may cause discomfort to the user&#39;s finger. However, the transition ramp  335  provides a transition point between the portion of the keyboard with the frame  320  and the edge of the keycap  310  which reduces or eliminates the rigid transitions that may otherwise be present between keys of the keyboard. In some embodiments, a bumper  395  may also be provided on the edge of the keycap  310 . The bumper  395  may be made of rubber, plastic or other soft or pliable material that may reduce the rigidity of the sidewall of the keycap  310 . 
     In some embodiments, the fabric layer  325  may be coupled to the frame  320  using an adhesive  330 . In other implementations, the adhesive  330  on the frame  320  may be omitted. In the latter implementation, the fabric layer  325  may cover the frame  320  or may be adhered to the frame  320  at select areas (e.g., around a perimeter of the frame  320 ). 
     In some instances, the fabric layer  325  may act as a restoring mechanism that returns the keycap  310  to its nominal position once the key  300  has been actuated. As such, a restoring mechanism, for example, a scissor mechanism or a butterfly mechanism may be omitted. In other embodiments the key  300  may include a scissor or butterfly mechanism such as shown above with respect to  FIGS. 2A-2B . 
     The key  300  may also include membrane  340 , a dome mechanism  350  and a contact  360 . The membrane  340  may be coupled to a contact housing  370 . Each of these components may function in a similar manner to the similar components descried above. The key  300  may also include a capacitive sensing layer  380  associated with or otherwise embedded within or on a printed circuit board  390  or other substrate. As described above, the capacitive sensing layer  380  may detect a change in capacitance as a user moves his finger over the surface of the keycap  310 , the frame  320  and the fabric layer  325 . 
       FIG. 3B  illustrates a cross-section view of a stackup of a key  300  of the multifunction input device taken along line A-A of  FIG. 1A  according to a fourth embodiment. In this implementation, the key  300  includes similar components to those described above with respect to  FIG. 3A . For example, the key  300  includes a keycap  310  or other input surface disposed within an aperture defined by the frame  320 . The keycap  310  may include a flange  315  that interacts or otherwise contacts the frame  320  such as described above. A fabric layer  325  may be adhered to the keycap  310  using an adhesive  330 . The fabric layer  325  may extend to the frame  320  and include a transition ramp  335 . The key  300  also includes a membrane  340 , a dome mechanism  350 , a contact  360 , a contact housing  370  and bumper  395 . Each of these components function in a similar manner as described above. 
     The key  300  also includes a capacitive sensing layer  380  and a printed circuit board  390 . However, in this embodiment, the capacitive sensing layer  380  is provided underneath the fabric layer  325 . In some embodiments, the capacitive sensing layer  380  may be coupled to the frame  320  or otherwise integrated with the frame  320 . The capacitive sensing layer  380  may also be provided in the keycap  310 . In yet another embodiment the capacitive sensing layer  380  may be coupled to an underside of the fabric layer  325 . 
     Although specific examples have been given, the capacitive sensing layer  380  may be disposed on multiple surfaces within the stackup. For example, a first capacitive sensing layer  380  may be positioned on a first part of the key stackup (e.g., the printed circuit board  390 ) while a second capacitive sensing layer  380  is positioned on a different part of the key stackup. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates an example substrate  400  having a capacitive sensing layer that may be used or incorporated by a multifunction input device, for example, the keyboard shown in  FIGS. 1A-1C . The capacitive sensing layer may be associated or otherwise embedded with the substrate  400 . In other embodiments, the substrate  400  may be comprised of different layers. In such implementations, the capacitive sensing layer may make up at least one of the layers and be deposited on the substrate  400 . 
     The capacitive sensing layer includes at least two sense electrodes  410  and one or more drive electrodes  420 . In some embodiments, the sense electrodes  410  are electrically couple in pairs and at least one drive electrode  420  may be positioned between each of the sense electrodes  410 . In this particular arrangement, the sense electrodes  410  are arranged in rows and the drive electrodes  420  are arranged in columns. However, in other implementations, the drive electrodes  420  may be arranged in rows while the sense electrodes  410  are arranged in columns. 
     In some embodiments, the drive electrodes  420  and the sense electrodes  410  are in the same layer or plane of the substrate  400 . In another embodiment, the drive electrodes  420  are on a first layer or plane and the sense electrodes  410  are on a second layer or plane. The drive electrodes  420  and the sense electrodes  410  may be coupled together by various trace lines that travel through the different layers. 
     The substrate  400  may also include one or more void spaces  430  that contain or otherwise include one or more electrical contacts  440 . The electrical contacts  440  may be metal contacts that are used for a key make or other electrical connection between the keys of the keyboard and the substrate  400 . For example, when a key is actuated, a structure associated with the key may contact the electrical contact  440  to provide an electrical make which indicates to a processor of the computing device that a particular key has been actuated. 
     However, the capacitive sensing layer, and more specifically, the drive electrodes  420  and the sense electrodes  410 , may not extend into the void spaces  430 . For example, the drive electrodes  420  and the sense electrodes  410  surround a periphery of the void space  430 . As used herein, a void space  430  or a dead spot means an area on the substrate  400  in which a signal dropout occurs or the detected change of capacitance is weak, disrupted, or is otherwise not present. However, as will be explained below, the capacitive readings may be normalized or equalized such that the negative impact of the void spaces  430  may be reduced, minimized or eliminated. 
       FIG. 5A  illustrates a capacitive sensing layer  500  of a printed circuit board or substrate that may be used or incorporated by a multifunction input device such as a keyboard. For example, the capacitive sensing layer  500  may be used in the stackups described above with respect to  FIGS. 2A-3B . In some embodiments, the capacitive sensing layer  500  may be able to detect multiple areas of touch thereby enabling a user to provide various types of input to a computing device. This input may include, gestures, scroll commands, selection commands, swipe commands, and so on. 
     The capacitive sensing layer  500  includes one or more sense electrodes  510  and one or more drive electrodes  520 . The sense electrodes  510  and the drive electrodes  520  are arranged around a periphery of a void space or a dead spot in which the one or more electrical contacts  550  and  560  are located. The sense electrodes  510  may be coupled in pairs and one or more drive electrodes may be positioned between each pair of the sense electrodes  510 . 
     The drive electrodes  520  may be separated from the sense electrodes  510  by a gap or a space  530 . The width of the space  530  may vary. Although not required, the space  530  may also contain one or more trace lines that provide a signal to a processing unit of the computing device or the keyboard. The trace lines may be provided below the drive electrodes  520  and/or below the sense electrodes  510 . They may also be provided on the underside of a printed circuit board or other substrate associated with the capacitive sensing layer  500 . Likewise, a space  540  or a gap may be provided between each of the drive electrodes  520 . The width of the space  540  may vary and may also contain various trace lines such as described above. This pattern may be repeated throughout the capacitive sensing layer  500 . 
     As discussed above, the capacitive sensing layer  500  may include or otherwise define a void space or other region in which the electrical contacts  550  and  560  are located. The electrical contacts  550  and  560  may provide a signal to a processing unit that a key has been actuated. For example, a dome mechanism, such as dome mechanism  250  or  350 , or other component of the key may contact electrical contact  550  and electrical contact  560  and cause a signal to be provided to the processing unit to indicate a key was actuated. 
     However, and as described above, the electrical contacts  550  and  560  may cause a dead spot to be formed on the capacitive sensing layer  500  and cause a variance in the detected change in capacitance. 
     In order to reduce the variance, a protrusion  570  may extend into the void space. More specifically and as shown in  FIG. 5A , the protrusion  570  may be part of a sense electrode  510  and may extend, at least partially, into the void space associated with the electrical contact  550  and/or electrical contact  560 . However, in some embodiments, the protrusions  570  do not overlap the electrical contact  550  or the electrical contact  560 . 
     The protrusion  570  creates a fringing field in the dead spot, which subsequently increases the sense capabilities of the capacitive sensing layer  500  in that region. For example, the fringing field may extend into the dead spot and be used to detect a change in capacitance. In some embodiments, the protrusion  570 , the drive electrodes  520  and the sense electrodes  510  may be included on a single layer. In another embodiment, each of these components may be included on separate layers of the printed circuit board. 
     As shown in  FIG. 5A , the electrical contact  550  may also cause partial electrodes  580  to be present on the capacitive sensing layer  500 . In one embodiment, the partial electrodes  580  may be spaced evenly around the dead spot in a horizontal (or a vertical) orientation. In another embodiment, the partial electrodes  580  may not be spaced evenly around the dead spot caused by the electrical contacts  550  and  560 . However, as positional accuracy of a received touch may be determined by the lowest quality electrode in the area, spreading the dead spot evenly among four adjacent electrodes may result in a higher minimum signal which results in better quality touch detection. 
       FIG. 5B  illustrates an additional layer  590  of a printed circuit board that may be positioned below or under the capacitive sensing layer  500  of  FIG. 5A . In other implementations, the additional layer  590  may be positioned on or over the capacitive sensing layer  500 . The additional layer  590  may include one or more tabs  595  that are located above one or more partial electrodes  580  ( FIG. 5A ). The tabs  595  may balance a baseline mutual capacitance of the capacitive sensing layer  500 , thereby increasing the signal provided by the capacitive sensing layer  500 . 
     Turning back to  FIG. 5A  and as briefly discussed above, the sense electrodes  510  and the drive electrodes  520  may be arranged in a particular pattern. In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 5A , the drive electrodes  520  and the sense electrodes  510  are arranged in a two-split design. In this implementation, a row of sense electrode  510  splits a column of drive electrodes  520  twice in a given area. 
     Although a specific example has been given, the dimensions of the sense electrodes  510  and the drive electrodes  520  may vary. For example and as shown in  FIG. 6 , a capacitive sensing layer  600  may have a three-split design. In this embodiment, the capacitive sensing layer  600  includes sense electrodes  610  separated by a space  630  or a gap, and drive electrodes  620  separated by a space  640  or a gap. The sense electrodes  610  and the drive electrodes surround a periphery of a void space in which an electrical contact  650  and electrical contacts  660  are located. Like the sense electrodes  510  of  FIG. 5A , the sense electrode  610  may include a protrusion  670  that extends into the void space. The protrusion  670  functions in a similar manner as described above. 
     However, in this implementation, a row of sense electrodes  610  splits a column of drive electrodes  620  three times. In each of these embodiments, the dimensions of the various drive and sense electrodes may vary. 
       FIG. 7  illustrates another example arrangement of sense electrodes  710  and drive electrodes  720  of a capacitive sensing layer  700 . In this embodiment, the sense electrodes  710  and the drive electrodes  720  form an interdigitated design in which the electrodes form an interleaving pattern. For example, portions or fingers of the drive electrodes  720  are interleaved with portions or fingers of the sense electrodes  710 . This pattern may be repeated over the capacitive sensing layer  700 . 
     In this implementation, the electrical contacts  730  and  740  may also be provided on the capacitive sensing layer  700  and function in a similar manner as described above. Although specific examples have been given, the drive electrodes  720  and the sense electrodes  710  may be arranged in a variety of patterns and arrangements. 
       FIG. 8A  illustrates field lines that represent a capacitance between various drive electrodes and sense electrodes of a capacitive sensing layer  800 . In this example, the capacitive sensing layer  800  may be similar to the capacitive sensing layer  500  described above although similar effects may be seen using the capacitive sensing layer  600  and the capacitive sensing layer  700 . 
     The capacitive sensing layer  800  may include a number of different drive and sense electrodes that surround a periphery of a void space  895  in which an electrical contact  897  is located. For example, the capacitive sensing layer  800  may have sense electrodes  805 ,  815 ,  825  and  835  and drive electrodes  810 ,  820 ,  830  and  840  surrounding an electrical contact  897 . The sense electrodes  805 ,  815 ,  825  and  835  may be coupled in pairs and the drive electrodes  810 ,  820 ,  830  and  840  may be located between each pair of sense electrodes. For example, sense electrode  805  may be paired with sense electrode  815  and drive electrode  810  may be located between the pair. 
     When a charge or voltage is applied to a combination of electrodes (e.g.,  810 ,  820 , and  830 ) or a column of electrodes, a capacitance is produced between sense electrodes  805 ,  815 ,  825  and  835  and the drive electrodes  810 ,  820 , and  830 . The capacitance is represented by field lines  845 ,  855 ,  860 ,  865 ,  870 ,  875  and  880 . For example, when a voltage is applied to drive electrode  810 , an electric field may be generated bretween the drive electrode  810  and the sense electrodes  805  and  815 . When a user&#39;s finger, or other input device, moves near the drive electrode  810  and/or the sense electrodes  805  and  815 , the capacitance changes. The change in capacitance is detected by a processing unit associated with the capacitive sensing layer such as described above. 
     For example and turning to  FIG. 8B , when a user&#39;s finger  890 , or other input mechanism, approaches drive electrodes  810  and  840  and sense electrodes  805  and  815 , the capacitance (represented by field lines  845 ,  855 ,  860  and  865 ) changes. The change in capacitance indicates that an object is near the capacitive sensing layer  800  or has contacted a structure (e.g., a keycap or other input surface) associated with the capacitive sensing layer  800 . As the user&#39;s finger  890  moves to other sections of the capacitive sensing layer  800 , the capacitance between the various drive and sense electrodes changes in a similar manner. 
     In some implementations, the sense electrode  805  and sense electrode  835  may include protrusions  807  and  837  respectively that extend between different drive electrodes and into the void space  895 . In some embodiments, the protrusions  807  and  837  do not overlap the electrical contact  897  included in the void space  895 . 
     The protrusions  807  and  837  cause the electric field to extend into the void space  895  of the capacitive sensing layer  800 . As a user&#39;s finger or other object approaches the void space  895 , the strength of the fringing field may change. As a result, location of the user&#39;s finger may be detected such as previously described. 
       FIG. 9  illustrates a method  900  for detecting input received by a multifunction input device and normalizing the received input. In some embodiments, the multifunction input device may be a keyboard such as described above. 
     Method  900  begins at operation  910  in which input received on the multifunction input device is normalized using, for example, a calibration process. More specifically, the calibration process normalizes a detected change in capacitance caused by an input mechanism, such as a user&#39;s finger, contacting a surface of the multifunction input device. The calibration process may be needed to account for dead spots or void spaces that may be present on the capacitive sensing layer due to key makes that may be present on a printed circuit board and/or due to interference caused by various components of a button stackup of the input device. The calibration process will be discussed in greater detail below with respect to  FIG. 10 . 
     In operation  920 , a first change in capacitance is detected. In some embodiments, the first change in capacitance may be an actuation of button or key of the multifunction input device. For example, if the first change in capacitance exceeds a first threshold, a processing unit of the electronic device may determine that a particular key or button has been actuated. A corresponding output may then be provided  930  on a display of the electronic device. For example, the output may be a character, letter or symbol associated with the key or button that was actuated. 
     In some embodiments a contact associated with a key or button (e.g., contact  260   FIGS. 2A-2B ) may be used to determine when the key or button has been actuated. In other embodiments, a capacitive sensor may be used, either alone or in combination with the contact, to determine whether a key has been actuated. For example, if the capacitive sensor detects a change in capacitance over a threshold, a key actuation event is detected. Likewise, if a portion of the key touches the contact, a key actuation event is also detected. 
     In operation  940 , a second change in capacitance is detected. The second change in capacitance may be less than the first detected change in capacitance. The second change in capacitance may be the result of the user moving his finger (or some other object) over one or more surfaces (e.g., one or more keys, buttons, and/or the frame) of the multifunction input device. 
     In some embodiments, the detected change in capacitance may be associated with a particular vector. When the detected parameters of the vector exceed a threshold, the processing unit may determine that a particular touch input gesture has been received and provide output accordingly. 
     In response to the second change in capacitance, a second type of output is provided  950 . The second type of output may be, for example, a scroll command, a swipe command, a cursor movement command, or a selection command (e.g., a command equivalent to a single click or a double click of a typical mouse or other input device). Accordingly, the multifunction input device may be able to distinguish between different types of received input. 
       FIG. 10  illustrates a method  1000  for normalizing a change in capacitance of a multifunction input device using a calibration technique. As discussed above, a surface of a multifunction input device may include various surface discontinuities. The discontinuities may be caused by the profile of a keycap and/or the difference in height between the keycap and a frame surrounding the keycap. As such, a touch profile detected by the capacitive sensing layer may be distorted based on the location of the contact. For example, since the keycap may be associated with a void space that does not include a portion of the capacitive sensing layer, a change in capacitance might not be readily detected when a user touches an input surface of the keycap. In contrast, a portion of the capacitive sensing layer may be directly located underneath the frame surrounding the keycap. As such, any change in capacitance when a user touches the frame (or a portion of the keycap near the frame) may be readily detected. 
     However, the calibration method  1000  described below may be used to normalize a change in capacitance that is detected by a capacitive sensing layer associated or otherwise integrated with a multifunction input device such as a keyboard. 
     Calibration method  1000  begins at operation  1010  in which a change in capacitance for each region of the capacitive sensing layer is effected. In some embodiments, touch input is provided at a first location and at a second location that is different from the first location. For example, an input mechanism, such as a user&#39;s finger, a stylus, or other input mechanism, is moved over the entire surface of the multifunction input device. In response to the received input, each drive electrode and sense electrode of the capacitive sensing layer register a detected change in capacitance. 
     Once this process is complete, flow proceeds to operation  1020  and a difference between the detected change in capacitance and a predetermined value is determined. More specifically, for each drive and sense electrode in the capacitive sensing layer, a maximum value over the period of time that the change is capacitance is detected is recorded. In some embodiments, each electrode may be required to have a maximum value (e.g., the highest detected change in capacitance when compared to neighboring electrodes) at least once. 
     Flow then proceeds to operation  1030  in which each region of the capacitive sensing layer is normalized. For example, for each electrode in the capacitive sensing layer, a gain is determined such that when the gain is applied, the detected change in capacitance is equivalent to the predetermined value. The determination of the gain is represented by the following equation:
 
Gain i   =X /Max  V   i  
 
     In the equation above, the predetermined value (represented by “X”) is a digital representation of a capacitive signal determined by the electrodes in the capacitive sensing layer. Max V i  is the maximum value of the given electrode over the given period of time discussed above. 
     Using calibration method  1000 , the detected change is capacitance may be the same or substantially the same regardless of whether the input mechanism is over the frame or over the keycap. 
       FIG. 11  illustrates example components of a computing device  1100  that may use a capacitive sensing layer such as described herein. As such, the computing device  1100  may also utilize the methods described herein to normalize the capacitive readings of the capacitive sensing layer. 
     As shown in  FIG. 11 , the computing device  1100  includes at least one processor  1105  or processing unit configured to access a memory  1110 . The memory  1110  may have various instructions, computer programs, or other data stored thereon. The instructions may be configured to perform one or more of the operations or functions described with respect to the computing device  1100 . For example, the instructions may be configured to control or coordinate the operation of the display  1135 , one or more input/output components  1115 , one or more communication channels  1120 , one or more sensors  1125 , a speaker  1130 , and/or one or more haptic actuators  1140 . In some embodiments, the memory  1110  includes the threshold determinations for the different types of received input such as described above. 
     The processor  1105  may be implemented as any computing device capable of processing, receiving, or transmitting data or instructions. For example, the processor  1105  can be a microprocessor, a central processing unit (CPU), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signal processor (DSP), or combinations of such devices. 
     The memory  1110  can store electronic data that can be used by the computing device  1100 . For example, the memory  1110  can store electrical data or content such as, for example, audio and video files, documents and applications, device settings and user preferences, timing and control signals or data for the various modules, data structures or databases, and so on. 
     The memory  1110  may be any type of memory such as, for example, random access memory, read-only memory, Flash memory, removable memory, or other types of storage elements, or combinations of such devices. 
     The computing device  1100  may include various input and output components represented in  FIG. 11  as Input/Output  1115 . Although the input and output components are represented as a single item, the computing device  1100  may include a number of different input components, including buttons, input surfaces, microphones, switches, rotatable crowns, dials and other input mechanisms for accepting user input. The input and output components may include one or more touch sensors and/or force sensors. For example, the display  1135  may be comprised of a display stack that includes one or more touch sensors and/or one or more force sensors that enable a user to provide input to the computing device  1100 . 
     The computing device  1100  may also include one or more communication channels  1120 . These communication channels  1120  may include one or more wireless interfaces that provide communications between the processor  1105  and an external device or other computing device. In general, the one or more communication channels  1120  may be configured to transmit and receive data and/or signals that may be interpreted by instructions executed on the processor  1105 . In some cases, the external device is part of an external communication network that is configured to exchange data with other devices. Generally, the wireless interface may include, without limitation, radio frequency, optical, acoustic, and/or magnetic signals and may be configured to operate over a wireless interface or protocol. Example wireless interfaces include radio frequency cellular interfaces, fiber optic interfaces, acoustic interfaces, Bluetooth interfaces, Near Field Communication interfaces, infrared interfaces, USB interfaces, Wi-Fi interfaces, TCP/IP interfaces, network communications interfaces, or any conventional communication interfaces. 
     The computing device  1100  may also include one or more sensors  1125 . Although a single representation of a sensor  1125  is shown in  FIG. 11 , the computing device  1100  may have many sensors. These sensors may include resistive sensors, light sensors, capacitive sensors, biometric sensors, temperature sensors, accelerometers, gyroscopes, barometric sensors, moisture sensors, and so on. 
     One or more acoustic modules or speakers  1130  may also be included in the computing device  1100 . The speaker  1130  may be configured to produce an audible sound or an acoustic signal. 
     As also shown in  FIG. 11 , the computing device  1100  may include a haptic actuator  1140 . The haptic actuator  1140  may be any type of haptic actuator that provides haptic output such as, for example, any type of rotational haptic device, linear haptic actuator, piezoelectric devices, vibration elements, and so on. The haptic actuator  1140  is configured to provide haptic output in response to received input. For example, the haptic actuator  1140  may provide haptic output in response to the change in capacitance detected by the capacitive sensing layer described herein. 
     The computing device  1100  may also include an internal battery  1145 . The internal battery  1145  may be used to store and provide power to the various components and modules of the computing device  1100  including the haptic actuator  1140 . The battery  1145  may be configured to be charged using a wireless charging system although a wired charging system may also be used. 
     The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, used specific nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the specific details are not required in order to practice the described embodiments. Thus, the foregoing descriptions of the specific embodiments described herein are presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not targeted to be exhaustive or to limit the embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20170606
Publication Date: 20190716
Grant Date: 20190716
Priority Date: 20160727
Inventors: ZHANG, CHANG
QU, DAYU
ABDOLLAHIAN, Golnaz
WANG, PAUL X.
CHANG, RAY L.
BUCKMASTER, JOHN
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G06F3/0213", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0443", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0448", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/021", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/044", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/044", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/021", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0448", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0443", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0418", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 67220436