PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-10754205-B2
Application Number: US-201816041591-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Vacuum impregnation seal in an electronic device

Abstract:
An electronic device is disclosed. The electronic device may include an enclosure that includes a metal band and a wall. The electronic device may further include a filler compound positioned in an opening of the metal band, where a split between two sidewall components defines the opening. The filler compound provides an RF communication path through the enclosure. In order to reduce or prevent liquid ingress into the enclosure, the electronic device may include a sealing compound that infused into the opening between the filler compound and the sidewall components, thereby providing a seal. The infusion process including placing the metal band (with the filler compound) in a chamber, providing a vacuum to remove air between the metal band and the filler compound, and subsequently providing a positive pressure to force the sealing compound between the metal band and the filler compound. The sealing compound may include an adhesive.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A portable electronic device, comprising:
 a wall; 
 a set of metal sidewall components defining an opening, the set of metal sidewall components and the wall surrounding and defining an internal volume; 
 a filler compound positioned in the opening, the filler compound comprising a non-metal material, the filler compound and the set of metal sidewall components defining a gap; and 
 a sealing compound infused into the gap, the sealing compound forming a barrier that prevents a liquid from entering the internal volume through the gap from an external environment. 
 
     
     
       2. The portable electronic device of  claim 1 , further comprising a coating that covers the set of metal sidewall components, the filler compound, and the wall. 
     
     
       3. The portable electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the wall comprises a transparent protective layer. 
     
     
       4. The portable electronic device of  claim 1 , further comprising a transparent protective layer that is coupled with the set of metal sidewall components, wherein:
 the set of metal sidewall components and the filler compound define a platform, and 
 the transparent protective layer is seated over the platform. 
 
     
     
       5. The portable electronic device of  claim 1 , further comprising a wireless component positioned in the internal volume, wherein the wireless component is configured to transmit and receive radio frequency communication through the filler compound. 
     
     
       6. The portable electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the sealing compound comprises an adhesive suspension. 
     
     
       7. The portable electronic device of  claim 1 , further comprising a display assembly coupled to the set of metal sidewall components. 
     
     
       8. A portable electronic device, comprising:
 a metal band comprising a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, the metal band surrounding and defining an opening; 
 a transparent protective layer coupled to the metal band to define an internal volume; 
 a filler compound positioned in the opening, the filler compound and the metal band defining a gap; and 
 a sealing compound disposed within the gap, the sealing compound extending from the first surface to the second surface, the sealing compound forming a barrier that prevents a liquid from entering the internal volume through the gap from an external environment. 
 
     
     
       9. The portable electronic device of  claim 8 , wherein the metal band comprises:
 a first sidewall component; and 
 a second sidewall component separated from the first sidewall component by the opening. 
 
     
     
       10. The portable electronic device of  claim 8 , wherein;
 the metal band forms a recess, 
 the filler compound is interlocked with the metal band at the recess, and 
 the sealing compound is positioned in the recess. 
 
     
     
       11. The portable electronic device of  claim 8 , further comprising a coating that covers the metal band, the transparent protective layer, the filler compound, and the sealing compound. 
     
     
       12. The portable electronic device of  claim 11 , wherein the coating comprises-a polyurethane. 
     
     
       13. The portable electronic device of  claim 8 , wherein the sealing compound comprises an adhesive suspension that bonds to the metal band and the filler compound. 
     
     
       14. A method for assembling a portable electronic device, the portable electronic device comprising a metal band and a filler compound, the method comprising:
 immersing the metal band and the filler compound in a sealing compound disposed in a chamber, the metal band surrounding and defining an opening and the filler compound positioned at the opening, the metal band and the filler compound defining a gap; 
 reducing air pressure in the chamber from a first pressure to a second pressure less than the first pressure by removing air, wherein reducing the air pressure to the second pressure expels air from the gap; 
 increasing the air pressure in the chamber from the second pressure to a third pressure greater than the second pressure by providing air, wherein increasing the air pressure to the third pressure causes the sealing compound to infuse into the gap to define a barrier that prevents liquid from passing through the gap from an external environment. 
 
     
     
       15. The method of  claim 14 , further comprising curing the sealing compound by providing heat. 
     
     
       16. The method of  claim 14 , wherein the sealing compound comprises an adhesive suspension. 
     
     
       17. The method of  claim 14 , further comprising removing the sealing compound from an outer surface of the metal band. 
     
     
       18. The method of  claim 14 , further comprising molding the filler compound to the metal band. 
     
     
       19. The method of  claim 18 , further comprising molding the filler compound into a recess of the metal band to interlock the filler compound with the metal band.

Description:
FIELD 
     The following description relates to electronic devices. In particular, the following description relates to infusing a sealing compound in gaps between housing parts of the electronic device. The sealing compound can create a seal against liquid ingress into the electronic device. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Electronic devices are known to include multiple components that combine to form a housing. Current electronic devices may include wireless communication capabilities, which require antennae disposed in the housing. When an electronic device with wireless communication capabilities includes a housing with metal, the housing also requires a non-metal material that permits radio frequency communication into and out of the housing. 
     When non-metals are used, the housing may include breaks or discontinuities. In order to prevent water from entering through the breaks, a coating can be applied to the housing at the breaks. However, in order to limit the volume or space occupied by the coating in the housing, the coating may be relatively thin. This can lead to early breakdown. As a result, the electronic device is again susceptible to water ingress at the breaks. 
     SUMMARY 
     In one aspect, a portable electronic device is described. The portable electronic device may include a wall. The portable electronic device may further include a band that includes an opening. The band may combine with the wall to define an internal volume. The portable electronic device may further include a filler compound positioned in the opening. The filler compound and the band may define a gap. The portable electronic device may further include a sealing compound infused into the gap. The sealing compound may define a barrier that prevents a liquid from entering the internal volume through the gap. 
     In another aspect, a portable electronic device is described. The portable electronic device may include a metal band that includes a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface. The metal band may further include an opening. The portable electronic device may further include a filler compound positioned in the opening. The filler compound and the metal band may define a gap. The portable electronic device may further include a transparent protective layer that coupled with the metal band to define an internal volume. The portable electronic device may further include a sealing compound infused in the gap. The sealing compound may extend from the first surface to the second surface. In some embodiments, the sealing compound may adhere to the metal band and the filler compound to form a barrier that prevents a liquid from entering the internal volume through the gap. 
     In another aspect, a method for assembling a portable electronic device is described. The portable electronic device may include a metal band and a filler compound. The method may include immersing the metal band and the filler compound in a sealing compound. The sealing compound can be disposed in a chamber. The method may further include reducing air pressure, by removing air, in the chamber from a first pressure to a second pressure less than the first pressure. Reducing the air pressure to the second pressure may expel entrained air in a gap between the metal band and the filler compound. The method may further include increasing the air pressure, by providing air, in the chamber from the second pressure to a third pressure greater than the second pressure. Increasing the air pressure to the third pressure may cause the sealing compound to infuse into the gap. In some instances, the third pressure can be equal to (or approximately to) atmospheric pressure. Further, in some instances, the third pressure can be greater than atmospheric pressure. 
     Other systems, methods, features and advantages of the embodiments will be, or will become, apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following figures and detailed description. It is intended that all such additional systems, methods, features and advantages be included within this description and this summary, be within the scope of the embodiments, and be protected by the following claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The disclosure will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like structural elements, and in which: 
         FIG. 1  illustrates an isometric view of an embodiment of an electronic device, in accordance with some described embodiments. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a side view of the electronic device shown in  FIG. 1 , further showing wireless communication components of the electronic device. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates an exploded view of the electronic device shown in  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 4  illustrates a plan view of the electronic device shown in  FIG. 1 , showing the filler compound positioned in the opening of the band and the sealing compound positioned between the band and the filler compound. 
         FIG. 5  illustrates a cross sectional view of the band shown in  FIG. 4 , taken along line A-A, showing the sealing compound surrounding the filler compound. 
         FIG. 6  illustrates a cross sectional view of the band shown in  FIG. 4 , taken along line B-B, showing the sealing compound infused between the band and the filler compound. 
         FIG. 7  illustrates a partial cross sectional view of a chamber that contains a sealing compound, showing several bands disposed in the chamber and immersed in the sealing compound, in accordance with some described embodiments. 
         FIG. 8  illustrates a plan view of the band immersed in the chamber shown in  FIG. 7 , showing air exiting gaps between the band and the filler compound. 
         FIG. 9  illustrates a partial cross sectional view of the chamber shown in  FIG. 7 , showing the chamber undergoing a pressure increase. 
         FIG. 10  illustrates a plan view of the band shown in  FIG. 8 , showing the sealing compound entering the gap between the band and the filler compound. 
         FIG. 11  illustrates a partial cross sectional view of the bands disposed in a second chamber that contains a sealing compound. 
         FIG. 12  illustrates a plan view of the bands undergoing a curing operation. 
         FIG. 13  illustrates an isometric view of an enclosure undergoing a coating operation, in accordance with some described embodiments. 
         FIG. 14  illustrates a cross sectional view of the enclosure shown in  FIG. 13 , subsequent to the coating operation. 
         FIG. 15  illustrates a plan view of an embodiment of a band positioned in a molding device, in accordance with some described embodiments. 
         FIG. 16  illustrates a cross sectional view of the band and the molding device shown in  FIG. 15 . 
         FIG. 17  illustrates a cross sectional view of the band subsequent to the molding operation, showing the filler compound interlocked with the band, in accordance with some described embodiments. 
         FIG. 18  illustrates an alternate embodiment of an electronic device, in accordance with some described embodiments. 
         FIG. 19  illustrates a cross sectional view of the electronic device shown in  FIG. 18 , taken along line C-C, showing multiple filler compounds surrounded by a sealing compound, in accordance with some described embodiments. 
         FIG. 20  illustrates a flowchart showing a method for assembling a portable electronic device, in accordance with some described embodiments. 
     
    
    
     Those skilled in the art will appreciate and understand that, according to common practice, various features of the drawings discussed below are not necessarily drawn to scale, and that dimensions of various features and elements of the drawings may be expanded or reduced to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention described herein. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Reference will now be made in detail to representative embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the following descriptions are not intended to limit the embodiments to one preferred embodiment. To the contrary, it is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as can be included within the spirit and scope of the described embodiments as defined by the appended claims. 
     In the following detailed description, references are made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of the description and in which are shown, by way of illustration, specific embodiments in accordance with the described embodiments. Although these embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable one skilled in the art to practice the described embodiments, it is understood that these examples are not limiting such that other embodiments may be used, and changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the described embodiments. 
     The following disclosure relates to an enhanced sealing technique for electronic devices to limit or prevent liquid from entering an electronic device. Electronic devices described herein may include a sealing compound that is impregnated, or infused, into an enclosure, or housing, of the electronic device. The infusion point may include a gap between two components of the enclosure that are joined together. For example, the enclosure may include several sidewall components that combine to form a metal band, with the sidewall components separated by openings. A filler compound may fill the openings between adjacent sidewall components. The filler compound may include plastic, resin, or other similar material. Although relatively small, a gap forms between the sidewall components (of the metal band) and the filler compound. However, the sealing compound can be infused into the gaps, and the metal band is shielded, at the gaps, from liquid ingress. 
     In order to infuse the sealing compound into the gaps, several operations may be performed on the metal band. For instance, the metal band (with the filler compounds included) may be placed in a chamber that filled with the sealing compound. The chamber can undergo a vacuum, or negative pressure, operation to expel entrained air in the gaps. In a subsequent operation, the pressure in the chamber is increased. The increased pressure forces the sealing material to enter and fill the gaps. The metal bands can then be unloaded from the chamber. In some instances, the metal bands undergo a cleaning operation to remove excess sealing material. Also, in some instances, the metal bands undergo a masking operation that includes application of a film to the metal bands. The may promote the cleaning operation. The metal bands may further undergo a curing operation in order to solidify the sealing material. 
     By sealing the gaps, the electronic device may significantly reduce the likelihood of liquid ingress. Also, by providing an enclosure with a substantially metal band with select locations of non-metal filler compounds, the electronic device includes a robust enclosure while allowing for transmission of radio frequency (“RF”) communication. 
     These and other embodiments are discussed below with reference to  FIGS. 1-20 . However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the detailed description given herein with respect to these Figures is for explanatory purposes only and should not be construed as limiting. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates an isometric view of an embodiment of an electronic device  100 , in accordance with some described embodiments. In some embodiments, the electronic device  100  includes a wearable electronic device (such as a “smart watch”) or a laptop computing device. In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1 , the electronic device  100  is a mobile wireless communication device, such as a smartphone. 
     As shown, the electronic device  100  may include a band  102  that defines a perimeter of the electronic device  100 . The band  102  may include a metal band formed from steel (including stainless steel), aluminum, or a metal alloy that includes several metals, including (but not limited to) aluminum, steel, and/or nickel. The electronic device  100  may further include a display assembly  104  formed from multiple layers, which may include a capacitive touch input layer, a display layer that presents visual information, and a force detection layer that detects an amount of force applied to the display assembly  104 . The electronic device  100  may further include a transparent protective layer  106  that covers the display assembly  104 . The transparent protective layer  106  may include glass, sapphire, plastic, or the like. Although not shown, the electronic device  100  may further include an additional transparent protective layer. The transparent protective layer  106  shown in  FIG. 1  is coupled to a front section of the band  102 , while the additional transparent protective layer (not shown in  FIG. 1 ) is coupled to a back section of the band  102 . Also, the transparent protective layer  106 , the band  102 , and the additional transparent protective layer can combine to form an internal volume used by the electronic device  100  to store circuit boards, processor circuits, memory circuits, flexible cables, battery, audio speakers, microphone, etc., as non-limiting examples. In addition to the touch input layer and the force detection layer, the electronic device  100  may further include additional input mechanisms, including a button  110  designed to actuate a switch (not shown in  FIG. 1 ). Although not shown, the electronic device  100  may include additional buttons and switches in various locations along the band  102 . 
     The band  102  may include several sidewall components. For example, the band  102  may include a sidewall component  108   a , a sidewall component  108   b , a sidewall component  108   c , and a sidewall component  108   d . Each sidewall component can be separated from adjacent sidewall components by an opening. Further, each opening is filled with a filler compound. As shown in  FIG. 1 , a filler compound  112   a  occupies an opening, or separation, between the sidewall component  108   a  from the sidewall component  108   b . A filler compound  112   b  occupies an opening between the sidewall component  108   a  from the sidewall component  108   d . A filler compound  112   c  occupies an opening between the sidewall component  108   b  from the sidewall component  108   c . A filler compound  112   d  occupies an opening between the sidewall component  108   c  from the sidewall component  108   d . The filler compounds may include a non-metal material (or materials), including plastic, resin, and/or an adhesive. However, other filler compounds are possible. Also, the filler compounds may be molded to the sidewall components by a molding operation, which may include compression molding, injection molding, or the like. However, other operations can be used. In order to prevent or limit liquid ingress into the internal volume of the electronic device  100 , a sealing compound may be infused into gaps, or spaces, between the filler compounds and the sidewall components. This will be further shown and described below. 
     The filler compounds are designed to provide non-metal portion between the metal sidewall components. In this manner, the electronic device  100  may include RF communication components (such as antennae) disposed in the internal volume at locations corresponding to the filler compounds. For example,  FIG. 2  illustrates a side view of the electronic device  100  shown in  FIG. 1 , further showing wireless communication components of the electronic device  100 . As shown, the electronic device  100  may include a wireless component  114   a  (shown as a dotted line) covered by the filler compound  112   a . The electronic device  100  may further include a wireless component  114   b  (shown as a dotted line) covered by the filler compound  112   b . The aforementioned wireless components may include an antenna designed to transmit and receive RF communication signals, include Wi-Fi, Bluetooth®, and cellular network signals. The wireless components are shown along the sidewall component  108   a . However, additional wireless components may be positioned along the sidewall component  108   c  (shown in  FIG. 1 ) and covered by the filler compound  112   c  and the filler compound  112   d  (both shown in  FIG. 1 ). 
       FIG. 3  illustrates an exploded view of the electronic device  100  shown in  FIG. 1 . For purposes of simplicity, several internal components are removed. As shown, the electronic device  100  includes a transparent protective layer  106  designed to cover the display assembly  104 . The electronic device  100  may further include a transparent protective layer  116  (corresponding to the additional transparent layer referred to in  FIG. 1 ) used as a wall of the electronic device  100 . 
     Adjacent sidewall components are separated by openings, or split regions. For example, the sidewall component  108   a  is separated from the sidewall component  108   b  by an opening  118   a . The sidewall component  108   a  is separated from the sidewall component  108   d  by an opening  118   b . The sidewall component  108   b  is separated from the sidewall component  108   c  by an opening  118   c . The sidewall component  108   c  is separated from the sidewall component  108   d  by an opening  118   d . A filler compound may file each of the openings through one of the aforementioned molding operations. For example, the filler compound  112   a  can fill the opening  118   a , the filler compound  112   b  can fill the opening  118   b , the filler compound  112   c  can fill the opening  118   c , and the filler compound  112   d  can fill the opening  118   d.    
     When the filler compounds are positioned in their respective openings, a small gap may nonetheless exist between the sidewall components and the filler compounds. These gaps may be 100 micrometers or less. In some instances, these gaps may be 50 micrometers or less. In order to plug these gaps and prevent ingress of contaminants through the band  102 , a sealing compound may be infused into the gaps. For example, a sealing compound  122   a  can be infused in a gap formed between the sidewall component  108   a  and the filler compound  112   a , as well as a gap formed between the sidewall component  108   b  and the filler compound  112   a . A sealing compound  122   b  can be infused in a gap formed between the sidewall component  108   a  and the filler compound  112   b , as well as a gap formed between the sidewall component  108   d  and the filler compound  112   b . A sealing compound  122   c  can be infused in a gap formed between the sidewall component  108   b  and the filler compound  112   c , as well as a gap formed between the sidewall component  108   c  and the filler compound  112   c . A sealing compound  122   d  can be infused in a gap formed between the sidewall component  108   c  and the filler compound  112   d , as well as a gap formed between the sidewall component  108   d  and the filler compound  112   d.    
     The sealing compounds are designed to seal the gaps between the filler compounds and the sidewall compounds. In this manner, unwanted ingress through the band  102  is prevented or substantially limited. Also, the sealing compounds may provide a bond between the filler compounds and the sidewall components, thereby maintaining a desired engagement between the filler compounds and the sidewall components. 
       FIGS. 4-6  shows and describes the relationship between the filler compound  112   a , the sealing compound  122   a , and the band  102 . While not shown and described in detail, the remaining filler compounds and sealing compounds shown and described in  FIG. 3  may include similar relationships to that which is shown and described in  FIGS. 4-6 . 
       FIG. 4  illustrates a plan view of the electronic device  100  shown in  FIG. 1 , showing the filler compound  112   a  positioned in the opening  118   a  of the band  102  and the sealing compound  122   a  positioned between the band  102  and the filler compound  112   a . For purposes of illustration, the gap between the band  102  and the filler compound  112   a  is enlarged and exaggerated to show the position of the sealing compound  122   a . As shown, the sealing compound  122   a  may extend between the sidewall component  108   a  and the filler compound  112   a , as well as between the sidewall component  108   b  and the filler compound  112   a . Further, the sealing compound  122   a  may extend from an exterior surface of the band  102  (which include the sidewall components) to an interior surface of the band  102 . The “exterior surface” may be associated with a surface exposed to an external environment  126 , while the “interior surface” may be associated with a surface exposed to an internal volume  128  of the electronic device  100 . 
       FIG. 5  illustrates a cross sectional view of the band  102  shown in  FIG. 4 , taken along line A-A, showing the sealing compound  122   a  surrounding the filler compound  112   a . As shown, the sealing compound  122   a  may extend lengthwise (along the Z-dimension) from opposing edges of the filler compound  112   a .  FIG. 6  illustrates a cross sectional view of the band  102  shown in  FIG. 4 , taken along line B-B, showing the sealing compound  122   a  infused between the band  102  and the filler compound  112   a . As shown, the sealing compound  122   a  can extend around the filler compound  112   a  to a location between the sidewall component  108   a  and the filler compound  112   a . Based upon the locations of the sealing compound  122   a , as shown in  FIGS. 4-6 , the sealing compound  122   a  can flow in multiple directions, including perpendicular directions. Referring again to  FIG. 3 , the band  102  may define platforms, include a platform  132  and a platform  134 , designed to receive the transparent protective layer  106  and the transparent protective layer  116 , respectively. The platforms may include breaks or discontinuities in location corresponding to the openings. However, the filler compounds may be used to bridge the discontinuities. For example, the filler compound  112   a  define a platform section  136  and a platform section  138  that is flush, or co-planar, with respect to the platform  132  and the platform  134 , respectively, shown in  FIG. 3 . Further, the platform section  136  and the platform section  138  can provide a continuous, or at least substantially continuous, platform for the aforementioned transparent protective layers. 
       FIGS. 7-12  show processes used to infuse or impregnate the sealing compound into a band of an electronic device. Some processes may be optional processes.  FIG. 7  illustrates a partial cross sectional view of a chamber  240   a  that contains a sealing compound  222   a , showing bands  202  disposed in the chamber  240   a  and immersed in the sealing compound  222   a , in accordance with some described embodiments. Each of the bands  202  may include any feature described herein for a band, including (but not limited to) stainless steel sidewall components and filler compounds. The bands  202  may include a band  202   a  that represents the remaining bands. 
     As shown, the sealing compound  222   a  is in liquid form at room temperature (approximately 20-25 degrees Celsius). The sealing compound  222   a  may include several materials. For example, the sealing compound  222   a  may include a water-based adhesive that includes glue and/or a polymer material(s) combined with water to form an adhesive suspension. The sealing compound  222   a  may further include an acrylic polymer suspension. Also, in some embodiments, the sealing compound  222   a  includes one or more surfactants designed to lower the surface tension of the sealing compound  222   a , which may facilitate the infusion of the sealing compound  222   a  into the bands  202 . The sealing compound  222   a  may further include epoxy, silicone, and/or organic materials. Also, the sealing compound  222   a  shown and described in  FIG. 7  can be used in other embodiments of a sealing compound described herein. 
     When the bands  202  and the sealing compound  222   a  are in the chamber  240   a , the chamber  240   a  can be configured as an airtight chamber. In order to regulate pressure in the chamber  240   a , the chamber  240   a  can be connected to a valve  242   a  (via a pipe  244   a ) as well as a valve  242   a  (via a pipe  244   b ). The valve  242   a  and the pipe  244   a  can be connected to a vacuum  246 , which may include a pump, capable removing air from the chamber  240   a , thereby decreasing air pressure in the chamber  240   a . The valve  242   b  and the pipe  244   b  can be connected to an air supply  248 , which may include an air compressor, capable adding air to the chamber  240   a , thereby increasing air pressure in the chamber  240   a.    
     In  FIG. 7 , the valve  242   a  is open and the valve  242   b  is closed. Also, the vacuum  246  is removing air (denoted as dotted lines  252 ) from the chamber  240   a . As the vacuum  246  removes air, the pressure in the chamber  240   a  decreases. As a result, air within in the bands  202  can also be expelled. This will be shown below. In some instances, air is removed from the chamber  240   a  to subject the bands  202  to an air pressure of 0.1 bar for 25 minutes. However, other pressures and times are possible. It should be noted that the air pressure should not be reduced to a pressure that causes cavitation within the bands  202 . 
     As a result of the reduced air pressure, entrained air within gaps between the filler compound and the sidewall components are forced out of the bands  202 . For example,  FIG. 8  illustrates a plan view of the band  202   a  immersed in the chamber  240   a  shown in  FIG. 7 , showing air exiting gaps between the band  202   a  and the filler compound  212 . The air is represented by dotted lines  252 . As shown, the air is exiting a gap between a sidewall component  208   a  and a filler compound  212 , as well as a gap between a sidewall component  208   b  and the filler compound  212 . The air expelled from the band  202   a  can pass through the sealing compound  222   a  and out of the chamber  240   a  (shown in  FIG. 7 ). Removing air can facilitate infusion of the sealing compound  222   a  into the band  202   a.    
     When the air is removed to create a desired (reduced) air pressure in the chamber  240   a  for a sufficient period of time, the chamber  240   a  can subsequently begin receiving air to increase the air pressure.  FIG. 9  illustrates a partial cross sectional view of the chamber  240   a  shown in  FIG. 7 , showing the chamber  240   a  undergoing a pressure increase. As shown, the valve  242   b  is open and the valve  242   a  is closed. The air supply  248  supplies air (shown as a dotted line  254 ) into the chamber  240   a . As a result, the air pressure in the chamber  240   a  increases. In some instances, air is supplied to the chamber  240   a  to subject the bands  202  to an air pressure of 6 bar for 25 minutes. However, other pressures and time intervals are possible. For example, the pressure can be greater than atmospheric pressure, thereby promoting enhanced infusion into the bands  202 . The enhanced fusion may include a reduce infusion time and/or greater penetration into the bands  202 . 
     The increased pressure in the chamber  240   a  causes infusion of the sealing compound  222   a  into the gaps in the band  202   a . For example,  FIG. 10  illustrates a plan view of the band  202   a  shown in  FIG. 8 , showing the sealing compound  222   a  entering the gap between the band  202   a  and the filler compound  212 . As shown, the sealing compound  222   a  has partially filled the gaps. However, after a sufficient time and pressure (such as 6 bar for 25 minutes) applied to the band  202   a , the sealing compound  222   a  may fully fill the gap. 
     Subsequent to the infusion process, the sealing compound  222   a  that is left on the outside of the bands  202  as residue may be excess and unwanted. When this occurs, the bands  202  may undergo a cleaning operation.  FIG. 11  illustrates a partial cross sectional view of the bands  202  disposed in a chamber  240   b  that contains a sealing compound  222   b . The sealing compound  222   b  in the chamber  240   b  may include a diluted version of the sealing compound  222   a  (shown in  FIGS. 7-10 ). In other words, the percent concentration of water in the sealing compound  222   b  is increased, as compared to the sealing compound  222   a  (shown in  FIGS. 7-10 ). The sealing compound  222   b  is designed to at least partially remove the sealing compound  222   a  that is unwanted. For example, any of the sealing compound  222   a  that is on outer surface (i.e., not in the gaps) band  202   a  may be referred to as “unwanted” sealing compound. Also, although not shown, the bands  202  may further be placed in a chamber that includes water to further remove the sealing compound  222   a  that is excess. Also, in some instances, the bands  202  undergo a masking operation that includes application of a film to the bands  202 . The masking operation may promote removal of excess sealing compound on the bands  202 . 
       FIG. 12  illustrates a plan view of the bands  202  undergoing a curing operation. The curing operation may include a heating unit  262  that applies heat to solidify the sealing compound  222   a  (not labeled in  FIG. 12 ). The heating unit  262  may apply heat at a temperature approximately in the range of 50 to 70 degrees Celsius for an hour. However, other temperatures and time intervals are possible. 
     After the sealing compound is infused into the bands, transparent protective layers (such as the transparent protective layer  116 , shown in  FIG. 3 ) can be coupled with the bands. Then, a coating operation can be applied to the bands and the transparent protective layers to provide an additional sealing layer that forms a shield against liquid ingress.  FIG. 13  illustrates an isometric view of an enclosure undergoing a coating operation, in accordance with some described embodiments. As shown, a coating tool  370  applies a spray  372   a  to a band  302  and a transparent protective layer  316 . It should be noted that band  302  and the transparent protective layer  316  can combine to form an enclosure for an electronic device. The spray  372   a  may include a material (or materials) including polyurethane, as a non-limiting example. 
     When applied, the spray  372   a  can cover the band  302  and the transparent protective layer  316 . The spray  372   a  can further cover filler compounds, such as a filler compound  312   a  and a filler compound  312   b , disposed in openings (between sidewall components) of the band  302 . The spray  372   a  may further cover additional filler compounds (shown, not labeled). 
       FIG. 14  illustrates a cross sectional view of the enclosure shown in  FIG. 13 , subsequent to the coating operation. As shown, a coating  372   b  (formed by the spray  372   a  in  FIG. 13 ) covers the band  302  (including sidewall components), the filler compound  312   a , the transparent protective layer  316 , and the filler compound  312   b . Further, the band  302  includes a sealing compound  322   a  between the band  302  and the filler compound  312   a , as well as a sealing compound  322   b  between the band  302  and the filler compound  312   b . The coating  372   b  may further cover the sealing compound  322   a  and the sealing compound  322   b . In this manner, an electronic device that uses the band  302  and the transparent protective layer  316  may include multiple forms of ingress protection by the sealing compound  322   a , sealing compound  322   b , and the coating  372   b . It should be noted that the coating  372   b  provides minimal, if any, RF interference. 
     In order to enhance the coupling between the filler compound and the sidewall components, the sidewall components may include recesses, or cavities, that extend partially into the sidewall components. As a result, when the filler compound is molded to the sidewall components, the filler compound extends into the recesses. Further, when the filler compound cures, the filler compound may mechanically interlock with the sidewall component based upon the cured portion of the filler compound within the recess of the sidewall component. 
       FIG. 15  illustrates a plan view of an embodiment of a band  402  positioned in a molding device, in accordance with some described embodiments. As shown, the molding device includes a first molding part  474  and a second molding part  476  that combines with the first molding part  474  to hold the band  402  (shown as dotted lines). The band  402  may include recesses  478 , which will be further shown and described below. In the configuration shown in  FIG. 15 , the molding device can receive a filler compound (not shown in  FIG. 15 ) through a molding operation. 
       FIG. 16  illustrates a cross sectional view of the band  402  and the molding device shown in  FIG. 15 . As shown, the band  402  may include a first recess  482  and a second recess  484 . The first recess  482  may resemble a threaded fastener, while the second recess  484  may resemble a dovetail. However, it should be noted that other shapes of recesses are possible. When a filler compound (not shown in  FIG. 16 ) is disposed between the first molding part  474  and the second molding part  476  by a molding operation, the filler compound will extend not only along the band  402 , but into the first recess  482  and the second recess  484 . 
       FIG. 17  illustrates a cross sectional view of the band subsequent to the molding operation, showing the filler compound  412  interlocked with the band  402 , in accordance with some described embodiments. As shown, a sealing compound  422  is disposed between the band  402  and the filler compound  412 . Also, the filler compound  412  includes a first extension  486  that extends into the first recess  482 , with the first extension  486  at least partially taking on a corresponding shape as that of the first recess  482 , thereby defining a first mechanical interlock between the band  402  and the filler compound  412 . The filler compound  412  includes a second extension  488  that extends into the second recess  484 , with the second extension  488  at least partially taking on a corresponding shape as that of the second recess  484 , thereby defining a second mechanical interlock between the band  402  and the filler compound  412 . 
     The band  402  is shown subsequent to an infusion process (previously described) that infuses the sealing compound  422 . Furthermore, the infusion process may force the sealing compound  422  into the first recess  482  and the second recess  484 , such that the sealing compound  422  is infused between the first recess  482  and the first extension  486 , as well as between the second recess  484  and the second extension  488 . 
       FIG. 18  illustrates an alternate embodiment of an electronic device  500 , in accordance with some described embodiments. In a side view, the electronic device  500  includes a housing  502 , or enclosure, and a transparent protective layer  506  coupled to the housing  502 . The housing  502  may include a metal (or metals) formed from steel (including stainless steel), aluminum, or a metal alloy that includes several metals, including (but not limited to) aluminum, steel, and/or nickel. The electronic device  500  may further include a display assembly (not shown in  FIG. 18 ). Also, the electronic device  500  may further include a filler compound  512   a  and a filler compound  512   b  designed to provide a non-metal portion of the housing  502  to facilitate RF communication. 
     In a rear view of the electronic device  500 , the filler compound  512   a  and the filler compound  512   b  extend along the width of the housing  502  to increase the available RF communication pathway through the housing  502 . The filler compound  512   a  may split the housing  502  into a housing component  508   a  and a housing component  508   b  that is separate from the housing component  508   a , while the filler compound  512   b  may split the housing  502  into a housing component  508   c  that is separate from the housing component  508   b.    
       FIG. 19  illustrates a cross sectional view of the electronic device  500  shown in  FIG. 18 , taken along line C-C, showing multiple filler compounds surrounded by a sealing compound  522 , in accordance with some described embodiments. As shown, the filler compound  512   a  is coupled to a second filler compound  592 . The second filler compound  592  may include a resin or the rigid non-metal. In this manner, the filler compound  512   a  combines with the second filler compound  592  to provide an RF transmissive portion of the housing  502 . Also, a sealing compound  522  can be infused into the housing  502  between the housing component  508   a  and the combination of the filler compound  512   a  and the second filler compound  592 . The sealing compound  522  can also be infused into the housing  502  between the housing component  508   b  and the combination of the filler compound  512   a  and the second filler compound  592 . Although not shown, the sealing compound  522  may be infused between the filler compound  512   a  and the second filler compound  592 . 
     Furthermore, a coating  572  can be applied to the housing  502  to cover the housing component  508   a , the sealing compound  522 , the second filler compound  592 , and the housing component  508   b . Although not shown, the filler compound  512   b  (shown in  FIG. 18 ) may combine with a second filler compound coupled to the filler compound  512   b , and the coating  572  may cover the housing component  508   c  as well as the second filler compound that is coupled to the filler compound  512   b.    
       FIG. 20  illustrates a flowchart  600  showing a method for assembling a portable electronic device, in accordance with some described embodiments. The portable electronic device may include a metal band and a filler compound. The electronic devices and bands described herein may undergo one or processes shown and described in the flowchart  600 . 
     In an optional step  602 , the metal band and the filler compound are sprayed with a mask. The mask can facilitate the removing and/or cleaning of an excess sealing compound (acting as residue). In some instances, the metal band and the filler compound are immersed in a coating that forms a mask, rather than receiving a spray. 
     In step  604 , the metal band and the filler compound are immersed in a sealing compound. The sealing compound, along with the metal band and the filler compound, can be in a chamber. The sealing compound is in liquid form at room temperature (approximately 20-25 degrees Celsius). The sealing compound may include several materials. For example, the sealing compound may include a water-based adhesive that includes glue and/or a polymer material(s) combined with water. The sealing compound may further include an acrylic polymer suspension. Also, in some embodiments, the sealing compound includes one or more surfactants designed to lower the surface tension of the sealing compound, which may facilitate the infusion of the sealing compound into the metal band. The sealing compound may further include epoxy, silicone, and/or organic materials. 
     In step  606 , air is removed from the chamber to reduce air pressure in the chamber from a first pressure to a second pressure less than the first pressure. A vacuum can be used to remove air from the chamber. In some instances, air is removed from the chamber to subject the metal band to an air pressure of 0.1 bar for 25 minutes. However, other pressures and times are possible. It should be noted that the air pressure should not be reduced to a pressure that causes cavitation within the metal band. When the air pressure is reduced to the second pressure, entrained air in a gap between the metal band and the filler compound can be expelled. In this manner, the volume in the gap occupied by the air is removed, or at least substantially removed. 
     In step  608 , air is provided to the chamber to increase the air pressure in the chamber from the second pressure to a third pressure greater than the second pressure. An air supply (such as compressed air) can be used to provide air into the chamber to increase the air pressure. In some instances, air is supplied to the chamber can subject the metal band to an air pressure of 6 bar for 25 minutes. However, other pressures and time intervals are possible. 
     The third pressure can provide a force that causes the sealing compound to infuse into the gap between the metal band and the filler compound. As a result, the sealing compound is infused into the metal band and the metal band includes a seal against liquid ingress in locations associated with the gap. 
     Several optional steps are possible. For example, in step  610 , the metal band is immersed into a second sealing compound. The second sealing compound may include a diluted version of the initial sealing compound (described above in step  604 ). The second sealing compound is designed to at least partially remove the initial sealing compound that is unwanted. For example, any initial sealing compound on an outer surface of the metal band may be referred to as residue that is unwanted. Also, the metal band may further be placed in a chamber that includes water to further remove the initial sealing compound that is excess or unwanted. 
     In step  612 , the mask and excess sealing compound can be removed. Step  612  is performed if the metal band and the filler compound are sprayed with a mask, in step  602 . 
     In step  614 , the metal band is cured. The curing operation may include a heating unit that applies heat to solidify the initial sealing compound. The heating unit may apply heat at a temperature approximately in the range of 50 to 70 degrees Celsius for an hour. However, other temperatures and time intervals are possible. 
     The various aspects, embodiments, implementations or features of the described embodiments can be used separately or in any combination. Various aspects of the described embodiments can be implemented by software, hardware or a combination of hardware and software. The described embodiments can also be embodied as computer readable code on a computer readable medium for controlling manufacturing operations or as computer readable code on a computer readable medium for controlling a manufacturing line. The computer readable medium is any data storage device that can store data which can thereafter be read by a computer system. Examples of the computer readable medium include read-only memory, random-access memory, CD-ROMs, HDDs, DVDs, magnetic tape, and optical data storage devices. The computer readable medium can also be distributed over network-coupled computer systems so that the computer readable code is stored and executed in a distributed fashion. 
     The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, used specific nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the specific details are not required in order to practice the described embodiments. Thus, the foregoing descriptions of the specific embodiments described herein are presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not targeted to be exhaustive or to limit the embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20180720
Publication Date: 20200825
Grant Date: 20200825
Priority Date: 20180720
Inventors: METIN, BURAK
AMES, LOGAN M.
WANG, HAILONG
LEE, RICKY C.
LE, DUY P.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G06F1/1684", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "B29C45/14311", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02F1/1341", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "B29C37/0082", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "C09J5/00", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04M1/18", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1656", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02F1/13394", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04M1/18", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04M1/0249", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K5/064", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "C09J5/00", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "B29C45/14311", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02F1/1341", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02F1/13394", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1684", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 69161785