PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-11934090-B2
Application Number: US-202117221620-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Camera with folded optics having moveable lens

Abstract:
Various embodiments include a camera with folded optics and lens shifting capabilities. Some embodiments include voice coil motor (VCM) actuator arrangements to provide autofocus (AF) and/or optical image stabilization (OIS) movement. Some embodiments include suspension arrangements.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A camera, comprising:
 a folded optics arrangement to fold a path of light, the folded optics arrangement comprising:
 a first prism; 
 a second prism; and 
 a lens group disposed between the first prism and the second prism, wherein the lens group includes one or more lens elements that define an optical axis; 
 
 an image sensor to capture light that has passed through the first prism, the lens group, and the second prism; 
 a carrier structure that at least partially encircles the folded optics arrangement, wherein the carrier structure is coupled with the lens group such that the carrier structure and the lens group are moveable together relative to the image sensor; and 
 an actuator to move the lens group along multiple axes, wherein the actuator comprises:
 a first set of one or more coils attached to the carrier structure and a first set of one or more magnets configured stationary with respect to the image sensor, wherein the first set of one or more coils and the first set of one or more magnets are configured to move the carrier structure and the lens group in one or more directions orthogonal to the optical axis; and 
 a second set of one or more coils attached to the carrier structure and a second set of one or more magnets configured stationary with respect to the image sensor, wherein the second set of one or more coils and the second set of one or more magnets are configured to move the carrier structure and the lens group along the optical axis. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The camera of  claim 1 , wherein the actuator comprises:
 a first optical image stabilization (OIS) voice coil motor (VCM) that comprises a first portion of the first set of coils and a first portion of the first set of magnets, wherein the first OIS VCM is configured to move the lens group in at least a first direction orthogonal to the optical axis; and 
 a second OIS VCM that comprises a second portion of the first set of coils and a second portion of the first set of magnets, wherein the second OIS VCM is configured to move the lens group in at least a second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction and orthogonal to the optical axis. 
 
     
     
       3. The camera of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the carrier structure comprises an inner frame to which at least one coil of the one or more coils is attached. 
 
     
     
       4. The camera of  claim 3 , wherein the camera further comprises:
 an outer frame to which at least one magnet of the one or more magnets is attached, wherein the outer frame at least partially encircles the inner frame. 
 
     
     
       5. The camera of  claim 4 , further comprising:
 a suspension arrangement to suspend the lens group and allow movement of the lens group along the multiple axes. 
 
     
     
       6. The camera of  claim 5 , wherein the suspension arrangement comprises:
 a leaf spring attached to the carrier structure; and 
 suspension wires, wherein a suspension wire of the suspension wires comprises:
 a first end portion attached to the leaf spring; and 
 a second end portion attached to a fixed structure that is stationary relative to movement of the lens group. 
 
 
     
     
       7. The camera of  claim 5 , wherein the suspension arrangement comprises:
 flexure arms to mechanically connect the inner frame to the outer frame, the flexure arms extending along a plane that is parallel to the image sensor. 
 
     
     
       8. A device, comprising:
 one or more processors; 
 memory storing program instructions executable by the one or more processors to control operation of a camera; and 
 the camera, comprising:
 a folded optics arrangement to fold a path of light, the folded optics arrangement comprising:
 a first prism; 
 a second prism; and 
 a lens group disposed between the first prism and the second prism, wherein the lens group includes one or more lens elements that define an optical axis; 
 
 an image sensor to capture light that has passed through the first prism, the lens group, and the second prism; 
 a carrier structure that at least partially encircles the folded optics arrangement, wherein the carrier structure is coupled with the lens group such that the carrier structure and the lens group are moveable together relative to the image sensor; and 
 an actuator to move the lens group along multiple axes, wherein the actuator comprises:
 a first set of one or more coils attached to the carrier structure and a first set of one or more magnets configured stationary with respect to the image sensor, wherein the first set of one or more coils and the first set of one or more magnets are configured to move the carrier structure and the lens group in one or more directions orthogonal to the optical axis; and 
 a second set of one or more coils attached to the carrier structure and a second set of one or more magnets configured stationary with respect to the image sensor, wherein the second set of one or more coils and the second set of one or more magnets are configured to move the carrier structure and the lens group along the optical axis. 
 
 
 
     
     
       9. The device of  claim 8 , wherein the actuator comprises:
 a first optical image stabilization (OIS) voice coil motor (VCM) that comprises a first portion of the first set of coils and a first portion of the first set of magnets, wherein the first OIS VCM is configured to move the lens group in at least a first direction orthogonal to the optical axis; and 
 a second OIS VCM that comprises a second portion of the first set of coils and a second portion of the first set of magnets, wherein the second OIS VCM is configured to move the lens group in at least a second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction and orthogonal to the optical axis. 
 
     
     
       10. The device of  claim 8 , wherein:
 the carrier structure comprises an inner frame to which at least one coil of the one or more coils is attached. 
 
     
     
       11. The device of  claim 10 , wherein the camera further comprises:
 an outer frame to which at least one magnet of the one or more magnets is attached, wherein the outer frame at least partially encircles the inner frame. 
 
     
     
       12. The device of  claim 11 , wherein the camera further comprises:
 a suspension arrangement to suspend the lens group and allow movement of the lens group along the multiple axes. 
 
     
     
       13. The device of  claim 12 , wherein the suspension arrangement comprises:
 a leaf spring attached to the carrier structure; and 
 suspension wires, wherein a suspension wire of the suspension wires comprises:
 a first end portion attached to the leaf spring; and 
 a second end portion attached to a fixed structure that is stationary relative to movement of the lens group. 
 
 
     
     
       14. The device of  claim 12 , wherein the suspension arrangement comprises:
 flexure arms to mechanically connect the inner frame to the outer frame, the flexure arms extending along a plane that is parallel to the image sensor. 
 
     
     
       15. A system, comprising:
 a carrier structure, wherein the carrier structure is coupled with a lens group that includes one or more lens elements that define an optical axis such that the carrier structure and the lens group are moveable together relative to an image sensor configured to capture light that has passed through the lens group; and 
 an actuator to move the lens group along multiple axes, wherein the actuator comprises:
 a first set of one or more coils attached to the carrier structure and a first set of one or more magnets configured stationary with respect to the image sensor, wherein the first set of one or more coils and the first set of one or more magnets are configured to move the carrier structure and the lens group in one or more directions orthogonal to the optical axis; and 
 a second set of one or more coils attached to the carrier structure and a second set of one or more magnets configured stationary with respect to the image sensor, wherein the second set of one or more coils and the second set of one or more magnets are configured to move the carrier structure and the lens group along the optical axis. 
 
 
     
     
       16. The system of  claim 15 , wherein the actuator comprises:
 a first optical image stabilization (OIS) voice coil motor (VCM) that comprises a first portion of the first set of coils and a first portion of the first set of magnets, wherein the first OIS VCM is configured to move the lens group in at least a first direction orthogonal to the optical axis; and 
 a second OIS VCM that comprises a second portion of the first set of coils and a second portion of the first set of magnets, wherein the second OIS VCM is configured to move the lens group in at least a second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction and orthogonal to the optical axis. 
 
     
     
       17. The system of  claim 15 , wherein:
 the carrier structure comprises an inner frame to which at least one coil of the one or more coils is attached. 
 
     
     
       18. The system of  claim 17 , further comprising:
 an outer frame to which at least one magnet of the one or more magnets is attached, wherein the outer frame at least partially encircles the inner frame. 
 
     
     
       19. The system of  claim 15 , further comprising:
 a suspension arrangement to suspend the lens group and allow movement of the lens group along the multiple axes. 
 
     
     
       20. The system of  claim 19 , wherein the suspension arrangement comprises:
 a leaf spring attached to the carrier structure; and 
 suspension wires, wherein a suspension wire of the suspension wires comprises:
 a first end portion attached to the leaf spring; and 
 
 a second end portion attached to a fixed structure that is stationary relative to movement of the lens group.

Description:
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/244,030, filed Jan. 9, 2019, which claims benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/615,824, filed on Jan. 10, 2018, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Technical Field 
     This disclosure relates generally to architecture for a camera with folded optics and lens shifting capabilities. 
     Description of the Related Art 
     The advent of small, mobile multipurpose devices such as smartphones and tablet or pad devices has resulted in a need for high-resolution, small form factor cameras for integration in the devices. Some small form factor cameras may incorporate optical image stabilization (OIS) mechanisms that may sense and react to external excitation/disturbance by adjusting location of the optical lens on the X and/or Y axis in an attempt to compensate for unwanted motion of the lens. Some small form factor cameras may incorporate an autofocus (AF) mechanism whereby the object focal distance can be adjusted to focus an object plane in front of the camera at an image plane to be captured by the image sensor. In some such autofocus mechanisms, the optical lens is moved as a single rigid body along the optical axis of the camera to refocus the camera. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    illustrates a perspective view of an example camera with a folded optics arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  2    illustrates an example of 3-axis movement of a lens group within a folded optics arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  3    illustrates a perspective view of an example camera with a folded optics arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments. The camera of  FIG.  3    includes an example actuator arrangement for shifting a lens group of the camera along three axes, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  4    illustrates a side cross-sectional view of the example camera of  FIG.  3   , in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  5    illustrates a perspective view of an example suspension arrangement for a camera with a folded optics arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  6 A  illustrates a perspective view of another example suspension arrangement for a camera with a folded optics arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  6 B  illustrates an example brace connecting two suspension wires that may be used in a suspension arrangement for a camera with a folded optics arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS.  7 A- 7 C  each illustrate a respective view of yet another example suspension arrangement for a camera with a folded optics arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG.  7 A  shows a top view of the suspension arrangement.  FIG.  7 B  shows a top detail view of a corner portion of the suspension arrangement of  FIG.  7 A .  FIG.  7 C  shows a perspective detail view of a corner portion of the suspension arrangement of  FIG.  7 A . 
         FIGS.  8 A- 8 D  each illustrate a respective view of an example actuator arrangement for 3-axis shifting of a lens group within a folded optics arrangement of a camera, in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG.  8 A  shows a perspective view of the actuator arrangement.  FIG.  8 B  shows a side cross-sectional view of the actuator arrangement.  FIG.  8 C  shows a front cross-sectional view of the actuator arrangement.  FIG.  8 D  shows a perspective view of magnets and coils of the actuator arrangement. 
         FIGS.  9 A- 9 C  each illustrate a respective schematic view of an example actuator arrangement for 3-axis shifting of a lens group within a folded optics arrangement of a camera, in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG.  9 A  shows a schematic side view of the actuator arrangement.  FIG.  9 B  shows a schematic top view of the actuator arrangement.  FIG.  9 C  shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the actuator arrangement. 
         FIGS.  10 A- 10 C  each illustrate a respective schematic view of another example actuator arrangement for 3-axis shifting of a lens group within a folded optics arrangement of a camera, in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG.  10 A  shows a schematic side view of the actuator arrangement.  FIG.  10 B  shows a schematic top view of the actuator arrangement.  FIG.  10 C  shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the actuator arrangement. 
         FIGS.  11 A- 11 C  each illustrate a respective schematic view of yet another example actuator arrangement for 3-axis shifting of a lens group within a folded optics arrangement of a camera, in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG.  11 A  shows a schematic side view of the actuator arrangement.  FIG.  11 B  shows a schematic top view of the actuator arrangement.  FIG.  11 C  shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the actuator arrangement. 
         FIGS.  12 A- 12 C  each illustrate a respective schematic view of still yet another example actuator arrangement for 3-axis shifting of a lens group within a folded optics arrangement of a camera, in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG.  12 A  shows a schematic side view of the actuator arrangement.  FIG.  12 B  shows a schematic top view of the actuator arrangement.  FIG.  12 C  shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the actuator arrangement. 
         FIGS.  13 A- 13 C  each illustrate a respective schematic view of still yet another example actuator arrangement for 3-axis shifting of a lens group within a folded optics arrangement of a camera, in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG.  13 A  shows a schematic side view of the actuator arrangement.  FIG.  13 B  shows a schematic top view of the actuator arrangement.  FIG.  13 C  shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the actuator arrangement. 
         FIGS.  14 A and  14 B  each illustrate a respective perspective view of an example camera with a folded optics arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG.  14 A  shows a perspective view of the camera with a shield can covering at least a portion of the internal components of the camera.  FIG.  14 B  shows a perspective view of the camera without the shield covering the internal components. 
         FIG.  15    illustrates a side cross-sectional view of an example camera with a folded optics arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  16    is a flow chart of an example method for assembling a camera with a folded optics arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  17    illustrates a block diagram of a portable multifunction device that may include a camera with a folded optics arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  18    depicts a portable multifunction device that may include a camera with a folded optics arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  19    illustrates an example computer system that may include a camera with a folded optics arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     This specification includes references to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment.” The appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner consistent with this disclosure. 
     “Comprising.” This term is open-ended. As used in the appended claims, this term does not foreclose additional structure or steps. Consider a claim that recites: “An apparatus comprising one or more processor units . . . ” Such a claim does not foreclose the apparatus from including additional components (e.g., a network interface unit, graphics circuitry, etc.). 
     “Configured To.” Various units, circuits, or other components may be described or claimed as “configured to” perform a task or tasks. In such contexts, “configured to” is used to connote structure by indicating that the units/circuits/components include structure (e.g., circuitry) that performs those task or tasks during operation. As such, the unit/circuit/component can be said to be configured to perform the task even when the specified unit/circuit/component is not currently operational (e.g., is not on). The units/circuits/components used with the “configured to” language include hardware—for example, circuits, memory storing program instructions executable to implement the operation, etc. Reciting that a unit/circuit/component is “configured to” perform one or more tasks is expressly intended not to invoke 35 U.S.C. § 112, sixth paragraph, for that unit/circuit/component. Additionally, “configured to” can include generic structure (e.g., generic circuitry) that is manipulated by software and/or firmware (e.g., an FPGA or a general-purpose processor executing software) to operate in manner that is capable of performing the task(s) at issue. “Configure to” may also include adapting a manufacturing process (e.g., a semiconductor fabrication facility) to fabricate devices (e.g., integrated circuits) that are adapted to implement or perform one or more tasks. 
     “First,” “Second,” etc. As used herein, these terms are used as labels for nouns that they precede, and do not imply any type of ordering (e.g., spatial, temporal, logical, etc.). For example, a buffer circuit may be described herein as performing write operations for “first” and “second” values. The terms “first” and “second” do not necessarily imply that the first value must be written before the second value. 
     “Based On.” As used herein, this term is used to describe one or more factors that affect a determination. This term does not foreclose additional factors that may affect a determination. That is, a determination may be solely based on those factors or based, at least in part, on those factors. Consider the phrase “determine A based on B.” While in this case, B is a factor that affects the determination of A, such a phrase does not foreclose the determination of A from also being based on C. In other instances, A may be determined based solely on B. 
     It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first contact could be termed a second contact, and, similarly, a second contact could be termed a first contact, without departing from the intended scope. The first contact and the second contact are both contacts, but they are not the same contact. 
     The terminology used in the description herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     As used herein, the term “if” may be construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” may be construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event],” depending on the context. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Some embodiments include camera equipment outfitted with controls, magnets, and voice coil motors to improve the effectiveness of a miniature actuation mechanism for a compact camera module. More specifically, in some embodiments, compact camera modules include actuators to deliver functions such as autofocus (AF) and/or optical image stabilization (OIS). One approach to delivering a very compact actuator for AF and/or OIS is to use a voice coil motor (VCM) actuator. 
     Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that some embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments. 
     Described here are folded optics arrangements for providing a reduced-height imaging system. The arrangements discussed throughout generally comprise one or more lenses positioned between two light path folding elements, which collectively provides a dual-folded light path. The one or more lenses may be moveable between the light path folding elements to provide autofocus and/or image stabilization during imaging.  FIG.  1    shows a generalized example of a camera  100  with a folded optics arrangement. The example X-Y-Z coordinate system shown in  FIG.  1    is used to discuss aspects of systems and/or system components, and may apply to embodiments described throughout this disclosure. 
     In various embodiments, the camera  100  may include a lens group  102 , a first prism  104 , a second prism  106 , and an image sensor package  108 . The lens group  102  may include one or more lens elements. In some embodiments, the lens group  102  may be located between the first prism  104  and the second prism  106 , forming the folded optics arrangement. Light may follow an optical path  110  that is folded by the first prism  104  such that the light is directed towards the lens group  102 , passes through the lens group  102 , and is folded by the second prism  106  such that the light is directed towards the image sensor package  108 . In some examples, light may enter an object side of the first prism  104  along the Z-axis. The first prism  104  may redirect the light to propagate along the X-axis (which may be parallel to an optical axis defined by the lens group  102 ) towards the lens group  102 . The second prism  106  may redirect the light to propagate along the Z-axis (which may be orthogonal to a plane defined by the image sensor package  108 ), e.g., such that the light exits an image side of the second prism  106  towards the image sensor package  108 . The first prism  104 , the lens group  102 , and/or the second prism  106  may be positioned along a common axis (e.g., the X-axis, the optical axis defined by the lens group  102 , etc.). According to some examples, the optical path  110  may be contained within a plane (e.g., the X-Z plane), and the image sensor package  108  may extend along a different plane (e.g., the X-Y plane). 
     In some embodiments, the object side of the first prism  104  may extend along the X-Y plane. Furthermore, the first prism  104  may include a pair of opposing lateral sides that each extend along the X-Z plane, a lens group facing side that extends along the Y-Z plane, and a reflecting surface side that is angled relative to one or more of the other sides of the first prism  104 . For example, the reflecting surface side of the first prism  104  may include a reflective surface that is angled so as to redirect light received from the object side of the first prism  104  towards the lens group  102  (via the lens group facing side of the first prism  104 ), as discussed above. 
     In some embodiments, the image side of the second prism  106  may extend along the X-Y plane, e.g., proximate the image sensor package  108 . Furthermore, the second prism  106  may include a pair of opposing lateral sides that each extend along the X-Z plane, a lens group facing side that extends along the Y-Z plane, and a reflecting surface side that is angled relative to one or more of the other sides of the second prism  106 . For example, the reflecting surface side of the second prism  106  may include a reflective surface that is angled so as to redirect light received from the lens group  102  (via the lens group facing side of the second prism  106 ) towards the image sensor package (via the image side of the second prism  106 ), as discussed above. 
     While the light path folding elements are shown in various figures as comprising prisms (e.g., the first prism  104  and the second prism  106 ), the camera systems and/or folded optics arrangements described herein may include any suitable light path folding element (e.g., a mirror or the like) or combination of elements. In some embodiments, one or more of the light path folding elements may also act as a lens element (or combination of lens elements). For example, one or more lens elements (e.g., other than those of the lens group  102 ) may be integrated with the first prism  104  (and/or the second prism  106 ) such that the prism acts as a lens element. Additionally, or alternatively, the first prism  104  (and/or the second prism  106 ) may be shaped such that the prism acts as a lens element. 
     As will be discussed in further detail below, the lens group  102  may be coupled with an actuator structure that is configured to move the lens group  102  along multiple axes, e.g., to provide autofocus (AF) and/or optical image stabilization (OIS) functionality.  FIG.  2    shows an example of 3-axis movement of the lens group  102  to provide AF and/or OIS functionality. For example, the lens group  102  may be shifted (e.g., by an actuator structure, such as the actuator structures/arrangements discussed in further detail below) along the X-axis to provide AF movement. Additionally, or alternatively, the lens group  102  may be shifted along the Z-axis to provide OIS-X movement (e.g., movement that shifts the image projected on the image sensor package  108  in one or more directions parallel to the X-axis). Additionally, or alternatively, the lens group  102  may be shifted along the Y-axis to provide OIS-Y movement (e.g., movement that shifts the image projected on the image sensor package  108  in one or more directions parallel to the Y-axis). Components of the camera  100  (e.g., the lens group  102 , the first prism  104 , the second prism  106 , and/or the image sensor package  108 , etc.) may be used with any of the actuator arrangements described in the following figures. 
     As mentioned above, the camera systems described here may comprise an actuator system to move the lens group relative to the light path folding elements (e.g., the first prism  104  and the second prism  106 ). The actuator arrangements described here may generally comprise a frame (e.g., the carrier structure discussed below), one or more suspension structures for moveably holding the frame relative to the rest of the camera, and an actuator module for controlling movement of the frame.  FIGS.  3  and  4    show perspective and side cross-sectional views of one such variation, and include an example camera  300  with a folded optics arrangement in accordance with some embodiments. 
     In some embodiments, the camera  300  may include a lens group  302 , a first prism  304 , and a second prism  306 , and an image sensor  308 . The lens group  302  may include one or more lens elements  310  disposed within a lens holder  312 . 
     In various embodiments, the camera  300  may include an actuator module  314  that provides for shifting the lens group  302  along multiple axes, e.g., to provide AF and/or OIS movement. In some embodiments, the actuator module  314  may comprise a voice coil motor (VCM) actuator module that includes one or more VCM actuators, e.g., as shown in  FIGS.  3  and  4   . 
     In some examples, the actuator module  314  may include a carrier structure  316  and a fixed base structure  318 . According to some embodiments, the carrier structure  316  may be attached to the lens group  302 . In some examples, the carrier structure  316  may be attached to the lens group  302 , and movement of the carrier structure  316  (e.g., due to actuation of one or more actuators of the actuator module  314 ) may cause movement of the lens group  302 , such that the lens group  302  moves together with the carrier structure  316 . 
     In various embodiments, the carrier structure  316  may extend around the first prism  304 , the lens group  302 , and the second prism  306 , e.g., as shown in  FIG.  3   . The carrier structure  316  may define a periphery within which at least a respective portion of each of the first prism  304 , the lens group  302 , and the second prism  306  are disposed. The carrier structure  316  may have multiple sides. For example, the carrier structure  316  may have a first side, a second side, a third side, and a fourth side. The first side may be a lateral side extending along the X-axis and along the side surfaces of the optical elements. The second side may be a lateral side extending along the X-axis and along the opposite side surfaces of the optical elements. The third side may be a distal/object side extending along the Y-axis, and may be positioned behind at least a portion of the reflecting surface side of the first prism  104  (e.g., such that the first prism  104  is disposed between the lens group  102  and the carrier structure  316 ). The fourth side may be a proximal/image side extending along the Y-axis, and may be positioned in front of at least a portion of the reflecting surface side of the second prism  106  (e.g., such that the second prism  106  is disposed between the lens group  102  and the carrier structure  316 ). While  FIGS.  3  and  4    show the carrier structure  316  encircling the optical elements of the folded optics arrangement (e.g., the first prism  304 , the lens group  302 , and the second prism  306 ), it is understood that the carrier structure  316  may partially encircle the optical elements in some embodiments. As a non-limiting example, one of the sides of the carrier structure  316  may comprise two parts that are spaced apart from each other by a gap, so that the carrier structure  316  partially encircles the optical elements. As another non-limiting example, the carrier structure  316  may comprise three sides (e.g., the carrier structure  316  may not include one of the four sides described above), so that the carrier structure  316  partially encircles the optical elements. 
     According to some embodiments, the fixed base structure  318  may include a component of the camera  300  to which the carrier structure  316  is moveably connected (e.g., via suspension elements). In some examples, the fixed base structure  318  may at least partially extend around the carrier structure  316 . The fixed base structure  318  may be fixed (or static) relative to movement of the carrier structure  316 . Furthermore, the fixed base structure  318  may be fixed relative to the first prism  304 , the second prism  306 , and/or the image sensor  308 . The fixed base structure  318  may be spaced apart from the carrier structure  316  to allow for movement (e.g., AF and/or OIS movement) of the carrier structure  316  within a periphery defined by the fixed base structure  318 . In some examples, the fixed base structure  318  may include multiple components that are joined or otherwise fixed relative to each other. 
     In various embodiments, the actuator module  314  may include one or more AF VCM actuators and/or one or more OIS VCM actuators. In some embodiments, the actuator module  314  may include an AF VCM actuator  320  (e.g., to provide AF movement), an OIS-Y VCM actuator  322  (e.g., to provide OIS-Y movement), and an OIS-X VCM actuator  324  (e.g., to provide OIS-X movement). 
     The AF VCM actuator  320  may include one or more magnets and one or more coils. In some examples, the AF VCM actuator  320  may include a pair of AF magnets  326  and an AF coil  328 . The AF coil  328  may be electrically driven to magnetically interact with the AF magnets  326  to produce Lorentz forces that move the AF coil  328 , the carrier structure  316 , and/or the lens group  302  along an axis (e.g., along axis  202  of  FIG.  2   ) to provide AF movement of the lens group  302 . The AF magnets  326  may be attached to the fixed base structure  318 . The AF coil  328  may be attached to the carrier structure  316  (e.g., to the distal/object side of the carrier structure  316 ). According to some embodiments, the AF coil  328  may extend from the carrier structure  316  such that the AF coil  328  is nested between the AF magnets  326 . In some cases, the AF coil  328  may be attached to a protrusion  330  of the carrier structure  316 , and the protrusion  330  may extend toward the AF magnets  326 . In some instances, the AF coil  328  may be wound around the protrusion  330 . In some embodiments, the AF coil  328  may have a long axis that is parallel to respective long axes of the AF magnets  326 . In various embodiments, the AF VCM actuator  320  may be tucked within a space under a portion of the first prism  304 , e.g., as indicated in  FIGS.  3  and  4   . In this manner, the impact of the AF VCM actuator  320  on the dimension of the system along its long axis (also referred to herein as the “system X-axis”) and along its vertical axis (also referred to herein as the “system Z-axis”) may be reduced or eliminated. 
     The OIS-Y VCM actuator  322  may include one or more magnets and one or more coils. In some examples, the OIS-Y VCM actuator  322  may include a pair of OIS-Y magnets  332  and an OIS-Y coil  334 . The OIS-Y coil  334  may be electrically driven to magnetically interact with the OIS-Y magnets  332  to produce Lorentz forces that move the OIS-Y coil  334 , the carrier structure  316 , and/or the lens group  302  along an axis (e.g., along axis  206  of  FIG.  2   ) to provide OIS-Y movement of the lens group  302 . The OIS-Y magnets  332  may be attached to the fixed base structure  318 . The OIS-Y coil  334  may be attached to the carrier structure  316  (e.g., to a lateral side of the carrier structure  316 ). According to some embodiments, the OIS-Y coil  334  may extend from the carrier structure  316  such that the OIS-Y coil  334  is nested between the OIS-Y magnets  332 . In some cases, the OIS-Y coil  334  may be attached to a protrusion  336  of the carrier structure  316 , and the protrusion  336  may extend toward the OIS-Y magnets  332 . In some instances, the OIS-Y coil  334  may be wound around the protrusion  336 . In some embodiments, the OIS-Y coil  334  may have a long axis that is parallel to respective long axes of the OIS-Y magnets  332 . While a single OIS-Y VCM actuator  322  is shown in  FIG.  3   , it should be understood that various embodiments may include multiple OIS-Y VCM actuators. For instance, the camera  300  may include a second OIS-Y VCM actuator opposite (e.g., with respect to the lens group  302 ) the first OIS-Y VCM actuator  322  depicted in  FIG.  3   . 
     The OIS-X VCM actuator  324  may include one or more magnets and one or more coils. In some examples, the OIS-X VCM actuator  324  may include a pair of OIS-X magnets  338  and an OIS-X coil  340 . The OIS-X coil  340  may be electrically driven to magnetically interact with the OIS-X magnets  338  to produce Lorentz forces that move the OIS-X coil  340 , the carrier structure  316 , and/or the lens group  302  along an axis (e.g., along axis  204  of  FIG.  2   ) to provide OIS-X movement of the lens group  302 . The OIS-X magnets  338  may be attached to the fixed base structure  318 . The OIS-X coil  340  may be attached to the carrier structure  316  and/or the lens holder  312 . According to some embodiments, the OIS-X coil  340  may extend from the carrier structure  316  such that the OIS-X coil  340  is nested between the OIS-X magnets  338 . In some cases, the OIS-X coil  340  may be attached to a protrusion  342  of the carrier structure  316 , and the protrusion  342  may extend toward the OIS-X magnets  338 . In some instances, the OIS-X coil  340  may be wound around the protrusion  342 . In some embodiments, the OIS-X coil  340  may have a long axis that is parallel to respective long axes of the OIS-X magnets  338 . 
     In some embodiments, the camera  300  may include a suspension mechanism  344  (or “suspension arrangement”) from which the carrier structure  316  may be suspended relative to the fixed base structure  318 . The suspension mechanism  344  may provide compliance and/or stiffness for controlled movement of the carrier structure  316 . According to some examples, the suspension mechanism  344  may include a set of one or more top springs  346  (e.g., leaf springs) attached to respective top corner portions of the carrier structure  316 . Furthermore, a respective suspension wire  348  may extend downward from each of the top springs  346 . A bottom end portion of the respective suspension wire  348  may be attached to a fixed (or static) structure. Additionally, or alternatively, the suspension mechanism  344  may include a set of one or more bottom springs  350  attached to respective bottom corner portions of the carrier structure  316 . Furthermore, a respective suspension wire  352  may extend upward from each of the bottom springs  350 . A top end portion of the respective suspension wire  352  may be attached to a fixed (or static) structure. In some embodiments, the top and/or bottom springs may provide compliance for OIS-X movement in a controlled manner, and may provide sufficient stiffness to resist Z-axis movement of the lens group  302  during OIS-Y and/or AF movement. Furthermore, the suspension wires may provide compliance for OIS-Y and/or AF movement in a controlled manner, and may provide sufficient stiffness to resist X-Y plane movement of the lens group during OIS-X movement. Various non-limiting example suspension arrangements are described in greater detail below with reference to  FIGS.  5 - 7 C . 
     In various embodiments, the camera  300  may include a substrate  354  below the second prism  306 . The image sensor  308  may be coupled with the substrate  354 . In some embodiments, a filter  356  (e.g., an infrared filter) may also be coupled to the substrate  354 . For instance, the filter  356  may be located above the image sensor  308  such that light passes through the filter  356  before reaching the image sensor  308 . 
     In some embodiments, the camera  300  may include a first prism holder  356  that holds the first prism  304 . In some embodiments, the first prism  304  may be attached to one or more fixed (or static) structures of the camera  300  via the first prism holder  356 . For instance, the first prism holder  356  may be attached to a shield can (not shown) in some cases. Additionally, or alternatively, the camera  300  may include a second prism holder  358  that holds the second prism  306 . In some embodiments, the second prism  306  may be attached to one or more fixed (or static) structures of the camera  300  via the second prism holder  358 . For instance, the second prism holder  358  may be attached to the shield can in some cases. 
     The suspension arrangements described here may generally include one or more springs (e.g., leaf springs), one or more wires (e.g., suspension wires), and/or one or more flexure arms.  FIGS.  5 - 7 C  show various example suspension arrangements that may be used with any of the camera systems and/or actuator arrangements described herein. Although shown in  FIGS.  3  and  4    as having a suspension arrangement comprising top (or “upper”) springs and bottom (or “lower”) springs, the suspension arrangement need not include both. For example,  FIG.  5    illustrates a perspective view of an example suspension arrangement  500  (e.g., for a camera with a folded optics arrangement) that may have one or more top springs and one or more wires extending downward from the top spring(s). 
     In some embodiments, the camera may include a lens group  502 , a first prism  504 , and a second prism  506 . In various embodiments, the camera may include an actuator module that provides for shifting the lens group  502  along multiple axes, e.g., to provide AF and/or OIS movement. In some examples, the actuator module may include a carrier structure  508  and a fixed base structure (e.g., the fixed base structure  318  of  FIG.  3   ). According to some embodiments, the carrier structure  508  may be attached to the lens group  502 . For instance, the carrier structure  508  may be attached to the lens group  502  such that the lens group  502  moves together with the carrier structure  508 . In various embodiments, the carrier structure  508  may extend around the first prism  504 , the lens group  502 , and the second prism  506 , e.g., as shown in  FIG.  5   . The carrier structure  508  may define a periphery within which at least a respective portion of each of the first prism  504 , the lens group  502 , and the second prism  506  are disposed. 
     In various embodiments, the suspension arrangement  500  may include a set of one or more top springs  510  attached to respective top corner portions of the carrier structure  508 . Furthermore, a respective suspension wire  512  may extend downward from each of the top springs  510 . A bottom end portion  514  of the respective suspension wire  512  may be attached to a fixed (or static) structure. 
     In some embodiments, the camera and/or the suspension arrangement  500  may include a damper that dampens movement of one or more of the suspension wires  512 . For instance, the suspension wires  512  may be at least partially disposed within a viscoelastic material  516  (e.g., a viscoelastic gel). In some examples, one or more protrusions  518  may protrude from the carrier structure  508  and form one or more pockets within which the viscoelastic material  516  may be disposed. In some instances, the viscoelastic material  516  may be injected into a pocket through a hole in the base structure (not shown) that surrounds the carrier structure  508 . For example, an insertion needle (not shown) may be inserted through the hole in the base structure to access the pocket and inject the viscoelastic material  516  into the pocket. In some embodiments, the protrusions  518  may extend from corner portions of the carrier structure  508 , e.g., as shown in  FIG.  5   . While  FIG.  5    shows protrusions  518  that form pockets configured to contain, at least in part, the viscoelastic material  516 , it should be understood that the viscoelastic material  516  may be disposed within pockets formed differently, e.g., via pockets formed of protrusions from a structure other than the carrier structure  508 , pockets formed via a combination of the carrier structure  508  and one or more other structures, etc. The viscoelastic material  516  may be located along any portion(s) of the length of a suspension wire  512 . In some embodiments, the viscoelastic material  516  may be located along a central portion of the length of a suspension wire  512 . 
     In some embodiments, the carrier structure  508  may define one or more cutout portions and/or one or more recessed portions, e.g., for weight reduction and/or mass balancing purposes. In some examples, the cutout portion(s) and/or recessed portion(s) may be positioned so as to reduce weight in certain areas to appropriately distribute weight, e.g., in camera systems that are not symmetric in one or more directions. For instance, it may be desirable to distribute the weight of components of a camera system in a manner that avoids undesirable moments about the center of gravity of the lens group  502 . In some examples, the weight reduction may increase system responsiveness to actuation of the actuator module and/or may improve energy efficiency (e.g., by reducing the required amount of drive current to the coils). In the example illustrated in  FIG.  5   , the carrier structure  508  defines cutout portions  520  that oppose one another with respect to the first prism  504 . Furthermore, the carrier structure  508  defines cutout portions  522  that oppose one another with respect to the second prism  506 . Furthermore, the carrier structure  508  defines a recessed portion  524  proximate the second prism  506 . In some instances, the cutout portion(s) and/or the recessed portion(s) may be located and/or sized to reduce or eliminate moments (e.g., caused by actuation forces) about a center of gravity of the lens group  502  and/or the carrier structure  508 . Any of the carrier structures described above and below (e.g., with reference to  FIGS.  3 ,  4 ,  7 A- 7 C,  8 B,  8 C , and  9 A- 15 ) may include one or more cutout portions and/or one or more recessed portions in some embodiments. Additionally, or alternatively, the cutout portion(s) and/or the recessed portion(s) may be used with any suspension arrangement described herein. 
       FIG.  6 A  illustrates a perspective view of another example suspension arrangement  600  (e.g., for a camera with a folded optics arrangement) that may have one or more top (or “upper”) springs and one or more bottom (or “lower”) springs. One or more wires may extend downward from the top spring(s). Furthermore, one or more wires may extend upward from the bottom spring(s). While the suspension arrangement  600  is described as having top and bottom springs, the suspension arrangement  600  may include one or more additional features (that may not be shown in  FIG.  6 A ) in some embodiments. 
     In various embodiments, the suspension arrangement  600  may include a set of one or more top springs  510  attached to respective top corner portions of the carrier structure  508 . Furthermore, a respective suspension wire  512  may extend downward from each of the top springs  510 . A bottom end portion  514  of the respective suspension wire  512  may be attached to a fixed (or static) structure. 
     Furthermore, the suspension arrangement  600  may include a set of one or more bottom springs  602  attached to respective bottom corner portions of the carrier structure  508 . Furthermore, a respective suspension wire  604  may extend upward from each of the bottom springs  602 . A top end portion  606  of the respective suspension wire  604  may be attached to a fixed (or static) structure. In some embodiments, one or more of the suspension wires  604  may be coupled with a corresponding suspension wire  512  (e.g., a suspension wire  512  that extends downward from a top spring  510  at a same corner portion) via a respective brace to limit relative movement between the corresponding suspension wires  512  and  604  in one or more degrees of freedom. For example, as indicated in  FIG.  6 B , the brace  608  may be a structure that connects the corresponding suspension wires  512  and  604  at their midpoints (e.g., midpoints along the directions in which the suspension wires  512  and  604  extend). However, it should be understood that the brace  608  may additionally or alternatively connect the suspension wires  512  and  604  at one or more other portions of the wires. In various embodiments, due to the brace  608 , the corresponding suspension wires  512  and  604  may maintain a constant relative distance from each other at the portion(s) in which they are connected by the brace  608 . 
     In some embodiments the camera and/or the suspension arrangement  600  may include a damper that dampens movement of one or more of the suspension wires  512  and/or the suspension wires  604 . For instance, the suspension wires  512 ,  604  may be at least partially disposed within a viscoelastic material  516  (e.g., a viscoelastic gel). In some examples, one or more protrusions  518  may protrude from the carrier structure  508  and form one or more pockets within which the viscoelastic material  516  may be disposed. In some examples, a pocket may be formed to contain viscoelastic material  516  that surrounds one or more portions of the suspension wire  512  and not the suspension wire  604 , e.g., as illustrated in  FIG.  6 A . However, in some embodiments, the protrusions  508  may extend further out to form a larger pocket such that the viscoelastic material  516  within the larger pocket may surround both the suspension wire  512  and the suspension wire  604 . In other embodiments, a separate pocket may be formed for each respective wire. For instance, a first pocket may be formed to contain viscoelastic material within which at least a portion of the suspension wire  512  may be disposed, and a second pocket may be formed to contain viscoelastic material within which at least a portion of the suspension wire  604  may be disposed. 
     As mentioned above, some embodiments may include a suspension arrangement comprising flexure arms.  FIGS.  7 A- 7 C  each illustrate a respective view of yet another example suspension arrangement  700  (e.g., for a camera with a folded optics arrangement) that may include such flexure arms.  FIG.  7 A  shows a top view of the suspension arrangement  700 .  FIG.  7 B  shows a top detail view of a corner portion of the suspension arrangement  700  of  FIG.  7 A .  FIG.  7 C  shows a perspective detail view of a corner portion of the suspension arrangement  700  of  FIG.  7 A . 
     According to various embodiments, the suspension arrangement  700  may include a combination of a spring-and-wire suspension mechanism (e.g., as discussed above with reference to  FIGS.  3  and  5 - 6 B ) and a flexure suspension mechanism. For instance, the suspension arrangement  700  may include a set of one or more top springs  702  attached to respective top corner portions of a carrier structure  704 . The carrier structure  704  may be attached to sides of a lens group  706 , e.g., as shown in  FIG.  7 A . Furthermore, one or more coils  708  (e.g., coils of one or more VCM actuators) may be attached to the carrier structure  704 . In some examples, a respective suspension wire  708  may extend downward from each of the top springs  702 , e.g., as shown in  FIGS.  7 A- 7 C . A bottom end portion  710  of the respective suspension wire  708  may be attached to a fixed (or static) structure (e.g., a portion of the fixed base structure  716  not shown). 
     In some embodiments, the suspension arrangement  700  may include a bottom flexure suspension mechanism  712  attached to a lower portion (or bottom) of the carrier structure  704 . The bottom flexure suspension mechanism  712  may include a set of one or more flexure arms  714  that is coupled with the carrier structure  704  and the fixed base structure  716  that surrounds the carrier structure  704 . In some instances, the set of flexure arms  714  may be attached to an inner frame that is part of the carrier structure  704 . In other instances, the inner frame may be a separate structure that is coupled with the carrier structure  704 . Similarly, the set of flexure arms  714  may be attached to an outer frame that is part of the fixed base structure  706  in some instances. In other instances, the outer frame may be a separate structure that is coupled with the fixed base structure  706 . 
     In some examples, the bottom flexure suspension mechanism  712  may include one or more flexure stabilizers  718  that connect adjacent flexure arms  714  with one another to prevent the connected flexure arms  714  from interfering (e.g., bumping, tangling, etc.) with one another during movement of the flexure arms  714 . In various embodiments, the flexure arms  714  may extend parallel to one another. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the flexure stabilizers  718  may extend at an angle to (e.g., orthogonal to) the flexure arms  714 . 
     Although in  FIGS.  7 A- 7 C  the suspension arrangement  700  is shown as including a top spring  702  and a bottom flexure suspension mechanism  712 , it should be understood that in various embodiments the suspension arrangement  700  may additionally, or alternatively, include a bottom spring and/or a top flexure suspension mechanism. 
     In some embodiments, a viscoelastic material may be disposed at one or more locations of the suspension arrangement  700  to dampen movement of one or more portions of the spring-and-wire suspension mechanism and/or the flexure suspension mechanism. For instance, one or more pockets may be formed by one or more structures (e.g., the carrier structure  704  and/or the fixed base structure  716 ), and the pocket(s) may be configured to at least partially be filled with the viscoelastic material such that the viscoelastic material at least partially surrounds one or more wires, one or more flexure arms, and/or one or more flexure stabilizers of the suspension arrangement  700 . 
     According to various embodiments, the camera systems described here may comprise actuator arrangements that may be used to move a carrier structure (which, as discussed above, may cause movement of a lens group).  FIGS.  8 A- 13 C  show various example actuator arrangements that may be used with any of the camera systems, carrier structures, and/or suspension arrangements described above (e.g., with reference to  FIGS.  3 - 7 C ). For instance,  FIGS.  8 A- 8 D  each illustrate a respective view of an example actuator arrangement  800  for 3-axis shifting of a lens group within a folded optics arrangement of a camera.  FIG.  8 A  shows a perspective view of the actuator arrangement  800 .  FIG.  8 B  shows a side cross-sectional view of the actuator arrangement  800 .  FIG.  8 C  shows a front cross-sectional view of the actuator arrangement  800 .  FIG.  8 D  shows a perspective view of magnets and coils of the actuator arrangement  800 . The actuator arrangement  800  shown in  FIGS.  8 A- 8 D  may be the same as, or similar to, the arrangement of actuator module  314  shown in  FIGS.  3  and  4   . 
     In various embodiments, the camera may include a lens group  802 , a first prism  804 , and a second prism  306 , and an image sensor  808 . The lens group  802  may include one or more lens elements  810  disposed within a lens holder  812 . In various embodiments, the camera may include a carrier structure  814  and a fixed base structure  816 . According to some embodiments, the carrier structure  814  may be attached to the lens group  802 . For instance, the carrier structure  814  may be attached to the lens group  802  such that the lens group  802  moves together with the carrier structure  814 . In various embodiments, the carrier structure  814  may extend around the first prism  804 , the lens group  802 , and the second prism  806 . The carrier structure  814  may define a periphery within which at least a respective portion of each of the first prism  804 , the lens group  802 , and the second prism  806  are disposed. 
     In some embodiments, the fixed base structure  816  may extend around the carrier structure  814 . The fixed base structure  816  may be fixed (or static) relative to movement of the carrier structure  814 . The fixed base structure  816  may be spaced apart from the carrier structure  814  to allow for movement (e.g., AF and/or OIS movement) of the carrier structure  814  within a periphery defined by the fixed base structure  816 . 
     In some embodiments, the actuator arrangement  800  may include one or more voice coil motor (VCM) actuators. For instance, the actuator arrangement  800  may include one or more autofocus (AF) VCM actuators and/or one or more optical image stabilization (OIS) VCM actuators. In some examples, the actuator arrangement  800  may include an AF VCM actuator  818  to provide AF movement, an OIS-X VCM actuator  820  to provide OIS-X movement, and an OIS-Y VCM actuator  822  to provide OIS-Y movement. 
     The AF VCM actuator  818  may include one or more magnets and one or more coils. In some examples, the AF VCM actuator  818  may include a pair of AF magnets  824  and an AF coil  826 . The AF coil  826  may be electrically driven to magnetically interact with the AF magnets  824  to produce Lorentz forces that move the AF coil  826  the carrier structure  814 , and/or the lens group  802  along an axis (e.g., in directions indicated by arrows  830  shown in  FIGS.  8 B and  8 D ) to provide AF movement of the lens group  802 . The AF magnets  824  may be attached to the fixed base structure  816 . The AF coil  826  may be attached to the carrier structure  814 . According to some embodiments, the AF coil  826  may extend from the carrier structure  814  such that the AF coil  826  is nested between the AF magnets  824 , e.g., as indicated in  FIG.  8 B . In some cases, the AF coil  826  may be attached to a protrusion  828  of the carrier structure  814 , and the protrusion  828  may extend toward the AF magnets  824 , e.g., to locate the AF coil  826  within a vertical space between the AF magnets  824 . In some instances, the AF coil  826  may be wound around the protrusion  828 . In some embodiments, the AF coil  826  may have a long axis that is parallel to respective long axes of the AF magnets  824 . In various embodiments, the AF VCM actuator  818  may be tucked within a space under a portion of the first prism  804 , e.g., as indicated in  FIG.  8 B . In this manner, the impact of the AF VCM actuator  818  on the dimension of the system along the system X-axis and along the system Z-axis may be reduced or eliminated. 
     In some embodiments, the AF magnets  824  may have opposite poling directions, e.g., as indicate in  FIG.  8 B  by arrows  832 . Furthermore, the AF magnets  824  may produce respective magnetic fields as indicated in  FIG.  8 B  by magnetic field arrows  834 . An example direction of current flow through the AF coil  826  is indicated in  FIG.  8 B  using a cross (X) and a dot (●). The cross indicates current flowing “into the page,” and the dot indicates current flowing “out of the page.” This “cross and dot” convention for indicating example directions of current flow through coils is maintained throughout this disclosure. 
     In various embodiments, the AF coil  826  may be located within components of the magnetic fields produced by the AF magnets  824  that remain substantially constant in direction along a stroke of the AF coil  826 . 
     The OIS-X VCM actuator  820  may include one or more magnets and one or more coils. In some examples, the OIS-X VCM actuator  820  may include a pair of OIS-X magnets  836  and an OIS-X coil  838 . The OIS-X coil  838  may be electrically driven to magnetically interact with the OIS-X magnets  836  to produce Lorentz forces that move the OIS-X coil  838 , the carrier structure  814 , and/or the lens group  802  along an axis (e.g., in directions indicated by arrows  840  shown in  FIGS.  8 B and  8 D ) to provide OIS-X movement of the lens group  802 . The OIS-X magnets  836  may be attached to the fixed base structure  816 . The OIS-X coil  838  may be attached to the carrier structure  814 . According to some embodiments, the OIS-X coil  838  may extend from the carrier structure  814  such that the OIS-X coil  838  is nested between the OIS-X magnets  836 , e.g., as indicated in  FIG.  8 B . In some cases, the OIS-X coil  838  may be attached to a protrusion  842  of the carrier structure  814 , and the protrusion  842  may extend toward the OIS-X magnets  836 , e.g., to locate the OIS-X coil  838  within a horizontal space between the OIS-X magnets  836 . In some instances, the OIS-X coil  838  may be wound around the protrusion  842 . In some embodiments, the OIS-X coil  838  may have a long axis that is parallel to respective long axes of the OIS-X magnets  836 . 
     In some embodiments, the OIS-X magnets  836  may have opposite poling directions, e.g., as indicate in  FIG.  8 B  by arrows  844 . Furthermore, the OIS-X magnets  836  may produce respective magnetic fields as indicated in  FIG.  8 B  by magnetic field arrows  846 . 
     In various embodiments, the OIS-X coil  838  may be located within components of the magnetic fields produced by the OIS-X magnets  836  that remain substantially constant in direction along a stroke of the OIS-X coil  838 . 
     The OIS-Y VCM actuator  822  may include one or more magnets and one or more coils. In some examples, the OIS-Y VCM actuator  822  may include a pair of OIS-Y magnets  848  and an OIS-Y coil  850  to a first side of the lens group  802 , and another pair of OIS-Y magnets  848  and another OIS-Y coil  850  to a second side of the lens group  802  that is opposite the first side. The OIS-Y coils  850  may be electrically driven to magnetically interact with the OIS-Y magnets  848  to produce Lorentz forces that move the OIS-Y coils  850 , the carrier structure  814 , and/or the lens group  802  along an axis (e.g., in directions indicated by arrows  852  shown in  FIGS.  8 C and  8 D ) to provide OIS-Y movement of the lens group  802 . The OIS-Y magnets  848  may be attached to the fixed base structure  816 . The OIS-Y coils  850  may be attached to the carrier structure  814 . According to some embodiments, the OIS-Y coils  850  may extend from the carrier structure  814  such that respective OIS-Y coils  850  are nested between respective pairs of OIS-Y magnets  848 . In some cases, each of the OIS-Y coils  850  may be attached to a respective protrusion  854  of the carrier structure  814 , and the respective protrusion  854  may extend toward a respective pair of OIS-Y magnets  848 . In some instances, each of the OIS-Y coils  850  may be wound around a respective protrusion  854 . In some embodiments, each of the OIS-Y coils  850  may have a respective long axis that is parallel to respective long axes of the OIS-Y magnets  848 . 
     In some embodiments, the OIS-Y magnets  848  may have opposite poling directions, e.g., as indicate in  FIG.  8 B  by arrows  856 . Furthermore, the OIS-Y magnets  848  may produce respective magnetic fields as indicated in  FIG.  8 B  by magnetic field arrows  858 . 
     In various embodiments, the OIS-Y coils  850  may be located within components of the magnetic fields produced by the OIS-Y magnets  848  that remain substantially constant in direction along respective strokes of the OIS-Y coils  850 . 
       FIGS.  9 A- 9 C  illustrate schematic side, top, and cross-sectional views, respectively, of an example actuator arrangement  900  for 3-axis shifting of a lens group within a folded optics arrangement of a camera. The actuator arrangement  900  may be the same as, or similar to, the actuator arrangement  800  discussed above with reference to  FIGS.  8 A- 8 D . In  FIGS.  9 A- 9 C , arrows on the coils may represent example forces acting on the coils (e.g., Lorentz forces produced as a result of magnetic interaction between the coils and the magnets) and/or example directions of movement based on forces acting on the coils. Furthermore, arrows on the magnets may represent example poling directions of the magnets. These arrow conventions also apply to coils and magnets in  FIGS.  10 A- 13 C . 
     In various embodiments, the camera may include a lens group  902 , a first prism  904 , and a second prism  906 . The lens group  902  may include one or more lens elements  908  disposed within a lens holder. In various embodiments, the camera may include a carrier structure  910  and a fixed base structure  912 . In some embodiments, the actuator arrangement  900  may include an AF VCM actuator  914  to provide AF movement, an OIS-X VCM actuator  916  to provide OIS-X movement, and an OIS-Y VCM actuator  918  to provide OIS-Y movement. 
     While some actuator arrangements described above may include an OIS-X VCM actuator located below the lens group, in some embodiments an actuator arrangement may include OIS-X VCM actuators located in corners of the camera system instead of below the lens group. For example,  FIGS.  10 A- 10 C  each illustrate a respective schematic view of an example actuator arrangement  1000  (e.g., for 3-axis shifting of a lens group within a folded optics arrangement of a camera) that may include such corner OIS-X VCM actuators.  FIG.  10 A  shows a schematic side view of the actuator arrangement  1000 .  FIG.  10 B  shows a schematic top view of the actuator arrangement  1000 .  FIG.  10 C  shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the actuator arrangement  1000 . 
     In various embodiments, the camera may include a lens group  1002 , a first prism  1004 , and a second prism  1006 . The lens group  1002  may include one or more lens elements disposed within a lens holder. In various embodiments, the camera may include a carrier structure  1008  and a fixed base structure  1010 . 
     In some embodiments, the actuator arrangement  1000  may include an AF VCM actuator  1012  to provide AF movement. The AF VCM actuator  1012  may be configured like the AF VCM actuator  818  described above with reference to  FIGS.  8 A- 8 D . 
     In some embodiments, the actuator arrangement  1000  may include an OIS-Y VCM actuator  1014  to provide OIS-Y movement. The OIS-Y VCM actuator  1014  may be configured like the OIS-Y VCM actuator  822  described above with reference to  FIGS.  8 A- 8 D . 
     As mentioned above, the actuator arrangement  1000  may include corner OIS-X VCM actuators  1016 . Rather than a single OIS-X VCM actuator being located below the lens group  1002  (e.g., as described above with reference to  FIGS.  8 A- 8 D ), the corner OIS-X VCM actuators  1016  do not impact, or minimally impact, the dimension of the system along the system Z-axis. As shown in  FIG.  10 B , the actuator arrangement  1000  may include four corner OIS-X VCM actuators  1016  in some embodiments—each corner OIS-X VCM actuator  1016  being disposed proximate a respective corner of the carrier structure  1008  and/or the fixed base structure  1010 . 
     As indicated in  FIG.  10 C , each corner OIS-X VCM actuator  1016  may include a pair of OIS-X magnets  1018  and an OIS-X coil  1020 . The OIS-X magnets  1018  may be coupled to the fixed base structure  1010 . In some examples, a first protrusion  1022  may extend from the fixed base structure  1010  towards the carrier structure  1008 . The first protrusion  1022  may be part of the fixed base structure  1010  in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the first protrusion  1022  may be a structure that is attached to the fixed base structure  1010 . One or both of the OIS-X magnets  1018  may be attached to or otherwise supported by the first protrusion  1022  and/or the fixed base structure  1010 , e.g., as indicated in  FIG.  10 C . The OIS-X coil may be coupled to the carrier structure  1008 . In some examples, a second protrusion  1024  may extend from the carrier structure  1008  towards the fixed base structure  1010  and towards the OIS-X magnets  1018 . The OIS-X coil  1020  may be attached to an end portion of the second protrusion  1024  such that the OIS-X coil  1020  is located within a horizontal space between the OIS-X magnets  1018 . That is, the OIS-X coil  1020  may be nested between the OIS-X magnets  1018 . 
     In some actuator arrangements, corner OIS-X VCM actuators may comprise dual pole OIS-X magnets. For example,  FIGS.  11 A- 11 C  each illustrate a respective schematic view of an example actuator arrangement  1100  (e.g., for 3-axis shifting of a lens group within a folded optics arrangement of a camera) that may include corner OIS-X VCM actuators having dual pole OIS-X magnets.  FIG.  11 A  shows a schematic side view of the actuator arrangement  1100 .  FIG.  11 B  shows a schematic top view of the actuator arrangement  1100 .  FIG.  11 C  shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the actuator arrangement  1100 . 
     In various embodiments, the camera may include a lens group  1102 , a first prism  1104 , and a second prism  1106 . The lens group  1102  may include one or more lens elements disposed within a lens holder. In various embodiments, the camera may include a carrier structure  1108  and a fixed base structure  1110 . 
     In some embodiments, the actuator arrangement  1100  may include an AF VCM actuator  1112  to provide AF movement. The AF VCM actuator  1112  may be configured like the AF VCM actuator  818  described above with reference to  FIGS.  8 A- 8 D . 
     In some embodiments, the actuator arrangement  1100  may include an OIS-Y VCM actuator  1114  to provide OIS-Y movement. The OIS-Y VCM actuator  1114  may be configured like the OIS-Y VCM actuator  822  described above with reference to  FIGS.  8 A- 8 D . 
     In some embodiments, the actuator arrangement  1100  may include corner OIS-X VCM actuators  1116 . Rather than a single OIS-X VCM actuator being located below the lens group  1102  (e.g., as described above with reference to  FIGS.  8 A- 8 D ), the corner OIS-X VCM actuators  1116  do not impact, or minimally impact, the dimension of the system along the system Z-axis. As shown in  FIG.  11 B , the actuator arrangement  1100  may include four corner OIS-X VCM actuators  1116  in some embodiments—each corner OIS-X VCM actuator  1116  being disposed proximate a respective corner of the carrier structure  1108  and/or the fixed base structure  1110 . 
     As indicated in  FIG.  11 C , each corner OIS-X VCM actuator  1116  may include a pair of dual pole OIS-X magnets  1118  and an OIS-X coil  1120 . The dual pole OIS-X magnets  1118  may be coupled to the fixed base structure  1110 , e.g., as indicated in  FIG.  11 C . In some examples, the dual pole OIS-X magnets may be aligned along a vertical plane. In some embodiments, the OIS-X coil  1120  may be coupled to the carrier structure  1108 . According to some examples, a protrusion  1122  may extend from the carrier structure  1108  towards the fixed base structure  1110  and towards the dual pole OIS-X magnets  1118 . The OIS-X coil  1120  may be attached to an end portion of the protrusion  1122  such that the OIS-X coil  1120  is located proximate the dual pole OIS-X magnets  1118 . In the actuator arrangement  1100 , the OIS-X coil  1120  may not be nested between the dual pole OIS-X magnets  1118 . As such, in some instances the OIS-X coils  1120  on one side of the system may move away from their corresponding dual pole OIS-X magnets  1118 . Components of the magnetic fields produced by the corresponding dual pole OIS-X magnets  1118  may increasingly vary in direction as the OIS-X coils  1120  move away from the magnets. Accordingly, one or more of the corner OIS-X VCM actuators  1116  may be independently controlled in some embodiments. For instance, a first pair of corner OIS-X VCM actuators  1116  at a first side of the carrier structure  1108  may be controlled independently of a second pair of corner OIS-X VCM actuators  1116  at a second side of the carrier structure  1108  opposite the first side of the carrier structure  1108 . 
     As mentioned above, various actuator arrangements may include an OIS-X VCM actuator located below the lens group (e.g., as indicated in the actuator arrangements described above with reference to  FIGS.  8 A- 9 C ) or corner OIS-X VCM actuators located at corners of the camera system (e.g., as indicated in the actuator arrangements described above with reference to  FIGS.  10 A- 11 C ). In some embodiments, an actuator arrangement may instead include one or more OIS-X VCM actuators behind the first prism and/or in front of the second prism. For example,  FIGS.  12 A- 12 C  each illustrate a respective schematic view of an example actuator arrangement  1200  (e.g., for 3-axis shifting of a lens group within a folded optics arrangement of a camera) that may include such OIS-X VCM actuators.  FIG.  12 A  shows a schematic side view of the actuator arrangement  1200 .  FIG.  12 B  shows a schematic top view of the actuator arrangement  1200 .  FIG.  12 C  shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the actuator arrangement  1200 . 
     In various embodiments, the camera may include a lens group  1202 , a first prism  1204 , and a second prism  1206 . The lens group  1202  may include one or more lens elements disposed within a lens holder. In various embodiments, the camera may include a carrier structure  1208  and a fixed base structure  1210 . 
     In some embodiments, the actuator arrangement  1200  may include an AF VCM actuator  1212  to provide AF movement. The AF VCM actuator  1212  may be configured like the AF VCM actuator  818  described above with reference to  FIGS.  8 A- 8 D . In some embodiments, at least a portion of the AF VCM actuator  1212  may not be tucked under the first prism  1204 , e.g., as indicated in  FIG.  12 C . 
     In some embodiments, the actuator arrangement  1200  may include an OIS-Y VCM actuator  1214  to provide OIS-Y movement. The OIS-Y VCM actuator  1214  may be configured like the OIS-Y VCM actuator  822  described above with reference to  FIGS.  8 A- 8 D . 
     In some embodiments, the actuator arrangement  1200  may include OIS-X VCM actuators  1216  to provide OIS-X movement. For instance, the actuator arrangement  1200  may include a first OIS-X VCM actuator  1216  below the first prism  1204 , e.g., as indicated in  FIGS.  12 A and  12 C . Furthermore, the actuator arrangement  1200  may include a second OIS-X VCM actuator  1216  proximate the second prism  1206 , e.g., as indicated in  FIGS.  12 A- 12 C . Each of the OIS-X VCM actuators  1216  may include a pair of OIS-X magnets  1218  and an OIS-X coil  1220 . The OIS-X magnets  1218  may be coupled to the fixed base structure  1210 , and the OIS-X coil  1220  may be coupled to the carrier structure  1208 . In various embodiments, the OIS-X coil  1220  may be nested between the OIS-X magnets  1218 . 
     While some actuator arrangements described above may include a respective magnet for each VCM actuator, in some embodiments an actuator arrangement may include one or more magnets that may be shared by multiple VCM actuators. For example,  FIGS.  13 A- 13 C  each illustrate a respective schematic view of an example actuator arrangement  1300  (e.g., for 3-axis shifting of a lens group within a folded optics arrangement of a camera) that may include such shared magnets.  FIG.  13 A  shows a schematic side view of the actuator arrangement  1300 .  FIG.  13 B  shows a schematic top view of the actuator arrangement  1300 .  FIG.  13 C  shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the actuator arrangement  1300 . 
     In various embodiments, the camera may include a lens group  1302 , a first prism  1304 , and a second prism  1306 . The lens group  1302  may include one or more lens elements disposed within a lens holder. In various embodiments, the camera may include a carrier structure  1308  and a fixed base structure  1310 . 
     In some embodiments, the actuator arrangement  1300  may include an AF VCM actuator  1312  to provide AF movement. The AF VCM actuator  1312  may be configured like the AF VCM actuator  818  described above with reference to  FIGS.  8 A- 8 D . 
     In some embodiments, the actuator arrangement  1300  may include an OIS-Y VCM actuator  1314  to provide OIS-Y movement. Furthermore, the actuator arrangement  1300  may include OIS-X VCM actuators  1316  to provide OIS-X movement. In some examples, the OIS-Y VCM actuator  1314  and the OIS-X VCM actuators  1316  may share magnets, e.g., as shown in  FIG.  13 C . In some embodiments, the OIS-Y VCM actuator  1314  may share a first magnet  1318  with a first OIS-X VCM actuator  1316 , and the OIS-Y VCM actuator  1314  may share a second magnet  1320  with a second OIS-X VCM actuator  1316  opposite the first OIS-X VCM actuator with respect to the carrier structure  1308 . The magnets  1318 ,  1320  may be coupled to the fixed base structure  1310 . Each of the OIS-X VCM actuators  1316  may include a respective OIS-X coil  1322  that is coupled to the carrier structure  1308 . In some examples, the OIS-X coils  1322  may be horizontally-oriented racetrack coils. In some embodiments, each of the OIS-X coils  1322  may be attached to a respective protrusion  1324  that extends from the carrier structure  1308  towards the fixed base structure  1310 . 
     In some embodiments, the OIS-Y VCM actuator may include an OIS-Y coil  1326  that is coupled to the carrier structure  1308 . For instance, the OIS-Y coil  1326  may be a horizontally-oriented racetrack coil that is attached to the carrier structure  1308  below the lens group  1302 . Furthermore, the OIS-Y coil  1326  may surround an outer periphery of the lens group  1302  in some examples. 
     The camera systems described herein may have various components (e.g., the optical elements, the suspension arrangements, and/or the actuator arrangements, etc.) that are at least partially enclosed by a housing (e.g., a shield can). For example,  FIG.  14 A  shows a perspective view of an example camera  1400  with a shield can covering at least a portion of the internal components of the camera  1400 .  FIG.  14 B  shows a perspective view of the camera  1400  without the shield covering the internal components. 
     In some embodiments, the camera  1400  may include a lens group  1402  between a first prism  1404  and a second prism  1406 . The lens group  1302  may include one or more lens elements disposed within a lens holder. In various embodiments, the camera  1400  may include a carrier structure  1408  and a fixed base structure  1410 . 
     In some embodiments, the first prism  1404  may be held within a first prism holder  1412 . Furthermore, the second prism  1406  may be held within a second prism holder  1414 . The camera  1400  may include a shield can  1416  to which the first prism  1404  may be attached via first prism holder  1412 , and to which the second prism  1406  may be attached via the second prism holder  1414 . 
     According to various embodiments, the shield can  1416  may define an aperture  1418  above the first prism  1404  such that light may enter the camera  1400  and reach the first prism  1404 . In some cases, the aperture  1418  may be enclosed and/or sealed, e.g., via a transparent window. As such, dust particles may be prevented from entering the camera through the aperture  1418  and negatively impacting optical performance of the first prism  1404  and/or other components of the camera  1400  in some instances. Although not illustrated in  FIGS.  14 A and  14 B , the camera  1400  may include one or more openings configured to allow ventilation. 
     In some embodiments, the camera  1400  may include a flex circuit  1420  disposed below the first prism  1404 , the lens group  1402 , the second prism  1406 , the carrier structure  1408 , and/or the fixed base structure  1410 . The flex circuit  1420  may include an interface  1422  configured to allow the camera  1400  to interface with one or more other components external to the camera  1400 . The flex circuit  1420  may be used to convey data signals and electrical power to and from the camera  1400 . 
     In some embodiments, the camera  1400  may include a stiffener  1426  at least partially below the flex circuit  1420 . For instance, the stiffener  1426  may be a folded stiffener, e.g., as shown in  FIGS.  14 A and  14 B . According to some examples, the folded stiffener  1426  may include a base portion below the flex circuit  1420  and tab portions that are each folded from the base portion to cover a respective side of the camera  1400  and/or the shield can  1416 . In some cases, the folded stiffener  1426  may include three tab portions, with each tab portion covering a portion of a respective one of three sides of the camera  1400  and/or the shield can  1416 . A fourth side of the camera  1400  and/or the shield can  1416  may not have a corresponding tab portion that covers a portion of it. For instance, the fourth side may be a side at which the flex circuit  1420  extends outwardly to one or more components that are external to the camera  1400 . 
     In some embodiments, it may be desirable to distribute the weight of components of a camera system in a manner that avoids undesirable moments (e.g., moments about the center of gravity of the lens group). For example,  FIG.  15    illustrates a side cross-sectional view of an example camera  1500  with a folded optics arrangement in which a dense material may be added to provide such weight distribution. 
     In some embodiments, the camera  1500  may include a lens group  1502  between a first prism  1504  and a second prism  1506 . The lens group  1502  may include one or more lens elements  1508  disposed within a lens holder  1510 . 
     In some embodiments, the first prism  1504  may be held within a first prism holder  1512 . Furthermore, the second prism  1506  may be held within a second prism holder  1514 . The camera  1500  may include a shield can  1516  to which the first prism  1504  may be attached via the first prism holder  1512 . In some examples, a top and/or sides of the first prism holder  1512  may be adhered to the shield can  1516 . Additionally, the second prism  1506  may be attached to the shield can  1516  via the second prism holder  1514 . In some examples, a top and/or sides of the second prism holder  1512  may be adhered to the shield can  1516 . 
     In some cases, the center of gravity of the lens group  1502  may be located such that certain actuator arrangements may cause undesirable moments about the center of gravity. In some cases, to counteract such moments, a dense material  1518  may be attached to the lens holder  1510 . For instance, the dense material  1518  may be attached to a top portion of the lens holder  1510 , e.g., as indicated in  FIG.  15   . In some embodiments, the dense material  1518  may not be attached to the lens holder  1510 , but rather the dense material  1518  may be part of (e.g., formed integrally with) the lens holder  1510 . 
       FIG.  16    is a flow chart of an example method  1600  for assembling a camera with a folded optics arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments. 
     At  1602 , the method  1600  may include assembling an actuator module of a camera with a folded optics arrangement. For instance, at  1602   a , magnets and coils of VCM actuators may be aligned or otherwise suitably positioned. In some examples, assembling the actuator module may include, at  1602   b , coupling a carrier structure with a fixed base structure via one or more suspension mechanisms. In some implementations, assembling the actuator module may include, at  1602   c , injecting damping material (e.g., a viscoelastic gel) into one or more pockets, e.g., to at least partially surround one or more suspension wires. 
     At  1604 , the method  1600  may include performing active alignment of a lens group of the folded optics arrangement to the carrier structure and affixing the lens group to the carrier structure when the lens group is in an aligned position. At  1606 , the method  1600  may include performing active alignment of a first prism and/or a second prism of the folded optics arrangement to a shield can and affixing the prisms to the shield can when the prisms are in aligned positions. It should be understood that the active alignment with respect to the lens group may be performed before, after, or contemporaneously with the active alignment performed with respect to the prisms. 
     At  1608 , the method  1600  may include attaching the shield can to the assembled actuator module. At  1610 , the method  1600  may include attaching a substrate that is coupled with an image sensor to the actuator module. At  1612 , the method  1600  may include attaching a stiffener to the actuator module. 
     Multifunction Device Examples 
     Embodiments of electronic devices, user interfaces for such devices, and associated processes for using such devices are described. In some embodiments, the device is a portable communications device, such as a mobile telephone, that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/or music player functions. Example embodiments of portable multifunction devices include, without limitation, the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California. Other portable electronic devices, such as laptops, cameras, cell phones, or tablet computers, may also be used. It should also be understood that, in some embodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but is a desktop computer with a camera. In some embodiments, the device is a gaming computer with orientation sensors (e.g., orientation sensors in a gaming controller). In other embodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but is a camera. 
     In the discussion that follows, an electronic device that includes a display and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should be understood, however, that the electronic device may include one or more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physical keyboard, a mouse and/or a joystick. 
     The device typically supports a variety of applications, such as one or more of the following: a drawing application, a presentation application, a word processing application, a website creation application, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheet application, a gaming application, a telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, a workout support application, a photo management application, a digital camera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing application, a digital music player application, and/or a digital video player application. 
     The various applications that may be executed on the device may use at least one common physical user-interface device, such as the touch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitive surface as well as corresponding information displayed on the device may be adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physical architecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the device may support the variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and transparent to the user. 
     Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable devices with cameras.  FIG.  17    illustrates a block diagram of an example portable multifunction device  1700  that may include one or more cameras (e.g., the cameras described above with reference to  FIGS.  1 - 16   ), in accordance with some embodiments. Cameras  1764  are sometimes called “optical sensors” for convenience, and may also be known as or called an optical sensor system. Device  1700  may include memory  1702  (which may include one or more computer readable storage mediums), memory controller  1722 , one or more processing units (CPUs)  1720 , peripherals interface  1718 , RF circuitry  1708 , audio circuitry  1710 , speaker  1711 , touch-sensitive display system  1712 , microphone  1713 , input/output (I/O) subsystem  1706 , other input or control devices  1716 , and external port  1724 . Device  1700  may include multiple optical sensors  1764 . These components may communicate over one or more communication buses or signal lines  1703 . 
     It should be appreciated that device  1700  is only one example of a portable multifunction device, and that device  1700  may have more or fewer components than shown, may combine two or more components, or may have a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown in  FIG.  17    may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software, including one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits. 
     Memory  1702  may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Access to memory  1702  by other components of device  1700 , such as CPU  1720  and the peripherals interface  1718 , may be controlled by memory controller  1722 . 
     Peripherals interface  1718  can be used to couple input and output peripherals of the device to CPU  1720  and memory  1702 . The one or more processors  1720  run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in memory  1702  to perform various functions for device  1700  and to process data. 
     In some embodiments, peripherals interface  1718 , CPU  1720 , and memory controller  1722  may be implemented on a single chip, such as chip  1704 . In some other embodiments, they may be implemented on separate chips. 
     RF (radio frequency) circuitry  1708  receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  1708  converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  1708  may include well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RF circuitry  1708  may communicate with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The wireless communication may use any of a variety of communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document. 
     Audio circuitry  1710 , speaker  1711 , and microphone  1713  provide an audio interface between a user and device  1700 . Audio circuitry  1710  receives audio data from peripherals interface  1718 , converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to speaker  1711 . Speaker  1711  converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves. Audio circuitry  1710  also receives electrical signals converted by microphone  1713  from sound waves. Audio circuitry  1710  converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to peripherals interface  1718  for processing. Audio data may be retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory  1702  and/or RF circuitry  1708  by peripherals interface  1718 . In some embodiments, audio circuitry  1710  also includes a headset jack (e.g.,  1812 ,  FIG.  18   ). The headset jack provides an interface between audio circuitry  1710  and removable audio input/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headset with both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input (e.g., a microphone). 
     I/O subsystem  1706  couples input/output peripherals on device  1700 , such as touch screen  1712  and other input control devices  1716 , to peripherals interface  1718 . I/O subsystem  1706  may include display controller  1756  and one or more input controllers  1760  for other input or control devices. The one or more input controllers  1760  receive/send electrical signals from/to other input or control devices  1716 . The other input control devices  1716  may include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s)  1760  may be coupled to any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, infrared port, USB port, and a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g.,  1208 ,  FIG.  12   ) may include an up/down button for volume control of speaker  1711  and/or microphone  1713 . The one or more buttons may include a push button (e.g.,  1806 ,  FIG.  18   ). 
     Touch-sensitive display  1712  provides an input interface and an output interface between the device and a user. Display controller  1756  receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to touch screen  1712 . Touch screen  1712  displays visual output to the user. The visual output may include graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all of the visual output may correspond to user-interface objects. 
     Touch screen  1712  has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor or set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact. Touch screen  1712  and display controller  1756  (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory  1702 ) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on touch screen  1712  and converts the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages or images) that are displayed on touch screen  1712 . In an example embodiment, a point of contact between touch screen  1712  and the user corresponds to a finger of the user. 
     Touch screen  1712  may use LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED (light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologies may be used in other embodiments. Touch screen  1712  and display controller  1756  may detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of a variety of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with touch screen  1712 . In an example embodiment, projected mutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California. 
     Touch screen  1712  may have a video resolution in excess of 800 dpi. In some embodiments, the touch screen has a video resolution of approximately 860 dpi. The user may make contact with touch screen  1712  using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to work primarily with finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired by the user. 
     In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, device  1700  may include a touchpad (not shown) for activating or deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output. The touchpad may be a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from touch screen  1712  or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen. 
     Device  1700  also includes power system  1762  for powering the various components. Power system  1762  may include a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices. 
     Device  1700  may also include one or more optical sensors or cameras  1764 .  FIG.  17    shows an optical sensor  1764  coupled to optical sensor controller  1758  in I/O subsystem  1706 . Optical sensor  1764  may include charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistors. Optical sensor  1764  receives light from the environment, projected through one or more lens, and converts the light to data representing an image. In conjunction with imaging module  1743  (also called a camera module), optical sensor  1764  may capture still images or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensor  1764  is located on the back of device  1700 , opposite touch screen display  1712  on the front of the device, so that the touch screen display  1712  may be used as a viewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition. In some embodiments, another optical sensor is located on the front of the device so that the user&#39;s image may be obtained for videoconferencing while the user views the other video conference participants on the touch screen display. 
     Device  1700  may also include one or more proximity sensors  1766 .  FIG.  17    shows proximity sensor  1766  coupled to peripherals interface  1718 . Alternately, proximity sensor  1766  may be coupled to input controller  1760  in I/O subsystem  1706 . In some embodiments, the proximity sensor  1766  turns off and disables touch screen  1712  when the multifunction device  1700  is placed near the user&#39;s ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call). 
     Device  1700  includes one or more orientation sensors  1768 . In some embodiments, the one or more orientation sensors  1768  include one or more accelerometers (e.g., one or more linear accelerometers and/or one or more rotational accelerometers). In some embodiments, the one or more orientation sensors  1768  include one or more gyroscopes. In some embodiments, the one or more orientation sensors  1768  include one or more magnetometers. In some embodiments, the one or more orientation sensors  1768  include one or more of global positioning system (GPS), Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), and/or other global navigation system receivers. The GPS, GLONASS, and/or other global navigation system receivers may be used for obtaining information concerning the location and orientation (e.g., portrait or landscape) of device  1700 . In some embodiments, the one or more orientation sensors  1768  include any combination of orientation/rotation sensors.  FIG.  17    shows the one or more orientation sensors  1768  coupled to peripherals interface  1718 . Alternately, the one or more orientation sensors  1768  may be coupled to an input controller  1760  in I/O subsystem  1706 . In some embodiments, information is displayed on the touch screen display  1712  in a portrait view or a landscape view based on an analysis of data received from the one or more orientation sensors  1768 . 
     In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory  1702  include operating system  1726 , communication module (or set of instructions)  1728 , contact/motion module (or set of instructions)  1730 , graphics module (or set of instructions)  1732 , text input module (or set of instructions)  1734 , Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set of instructions)  1735 , arbiter module  1758  and applications (or sets of instructions)  1736 . Furthermore, in some embodiments memory  1702  stores device/global internal state  1757 . Device/global internal state  1757  includes one or more of: active application state, indicating which applications, if any, are currently active; display state, indicating what applications, views or other information occupy various regions of touch screen display  1712 ; sensor state, including information obtained from the device&#39;s various sensors and input control devices  1716 ; and location information concerning the device&#39;s location and/or attitude. 
     Operating system  1726  (e.g., Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components. 
     Communication module  1728  facilitates communication with other devices over one or more external ports  1724  and also includes various software components for handling data received by RF circuitry  1708  and/or external port  1724 . External port  1724  (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connector. 
     Contact/motion module  1730  may detect contact with touch screen  1712  (in conjunction with display controller  1756 ) and other touch sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). Contact/motion module  1730  includes various software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact, such as determining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-down event), determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact). Contact/motion module  1730  receives contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which is represented by a series of contact data, may include determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. These operations may be applied to single contacts (e.g., one finger contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g., “multitouch”/multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments, contact/motion module  1730  and display controller  1756  detect contact on a touchpad. 
     Contact/motion module  1730  may detect a gesture input by a user. Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contact patterns. Thus, a gesture may be detected by detecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a finger tap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event at the same position (or substantially the same position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequently followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event. 
     Graphics module  1732  includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics on touch screen  1712  or other display, including components for changing the intensity of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics” includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including without limitation text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations and the like. 
     In some embodiments, graphics module  1732  stores data representing graphics to be used. Each graphic may be assigned a corresponding code. Graphics module  1732  receives, from applications etc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with, if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and then generates screen image data to output to display controller  1756 . 
     Text input module  1734 , which may be a component of graphics module  1732 , provides soft keyboards for entering text in various applications (e.g., contacts  1737 , e-mail  1740 , IM  1741 , browser  1747 , and any other application that needs text input). 
     GPS module  1735  determines the location of the device and provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone  1738  for use in location-based dialing, to camera  1743  as picture/video metadata, and to applications that provide location-based services such as weather widgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets). 
     Applications  1736  may include the following modules (or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof:
         contacts module  1737  (sometimes called an address book or contact list);   telephone module  1738 ;   video conferencing module  1739 ;   e-mail client module  1740 ;   instant messaging (IM) module  1741 ;   workout support module  1742 ;   camera module  1743  for still and/or video images;   image management module  1744 ;   browser module  1747 ;   calendar module  1748 ;   widget modules  1749 , which may include one or more of: weather widget  1749 - 1 , stocks widget  1749 - 2 , calculator widget  1749 - 3 , alarm clock widget  1749 - 4 , dictionary widget  1749 - 5 , and other widgets obtained by the user, as well as user-created widgets  1749 - 6 ;   widget creator module  1750  for making user-created widgets  1749 - 6 ;   search module  1751 ;   video and music player module  1752 , which may be made up of a video player module and a music player module;   notes module  1753 ;   map module  1754 ; and/or   online video module  1755 .       

     Examples of other applications  1736  that may be stored in memory  1702  include other word processing applications, other image editing applications, drawing applications, presentation applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice replication. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  1712 , display controller  1756 , contact module  1730 , graphics module  1732 , and text input module  1734 , contacts module  1737  may be used to manage an address book or contact list (e.g., stored in application internal state  1757 ), including: adding name(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book; associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or other information with a name; associating an image with a name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers or e-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications by telephone  1738 , video conference  1739 , e-mail  1740 , or IM  1741 ; and so forth. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  1708 , audio circuitry  1710 , speaker  1711 , microphone  1713 , touch screen  1712 , display controller  1756 , contact module  1730 , graphics module  1732 , and text input module  1734 , telephone module  1738  may be used to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers in address book  1737 , modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation and disconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As noted above, the wireless communication may use any of a variety of communications standards, protocols and technologies. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  1708 , audio circuitry  1710 , speaker  1711 , microphone  1713 , touch screen  1712 , display controller  1756 , optical sensor  1764 , optical sensor controller  1758 , contact module  1730 , graphics module  1732 , text input module  1734 , contact list  1737 , and telephone module  1738 , videoconferencing module  1739  includes executable instructions to initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user and one or more other participants in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  1708 , touch screen  1712 , display controller  1756 , contact module  1730 , graphics module  1732 , and text input module  1734 , e-mail client module  1740  includes executable instructions to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response to user instructions. In conjunction with image management module  1744 , e-mail client module  1740  makes it very easy to create and send e-mails with still or video images taken with camera module  1743 . 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  1708 , touch screen  1712 , display controller  1756 , contact module  1730 , graphics module  1732 , and text input module  1734 , the instant messaging module  1741  includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to an instant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit a respective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service (SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-based instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS for Internet-based instant messages), to receive instant messages and to view received instant messages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or received instant messages may include graphics, photos, audio files, video files and/or other attachments as are supported in a MMS and/or an Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging” refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  1708 , touch screen  1712 , display controller  1756 , contact module  1730 , graphics module  1732 , text input module  1734 , GPS module  1735 , map module  1754 , and music player module  1746 , workout support module  1742  includes executable instructions to create workouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burning goals); communicate with workout sensors (sports devices); receive workout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout; select and play music for a workout; and display, store and transmit workout data. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  1712 , display controller  1756 , optical sensor(s)  1764 , optical sensor controller  1758 , contact module  1730 , graphics module  1732 , and image management module  1744 , camera module  1743  includes executable instructions to capture still images or video (including a video stream) and store them into memory  1702 , modify characteristics of a still image or video, or delete a still image or video from memory  1702 . 
     In conjunction with touch screen  1712 , display controller  1756 , contact module  1730 , graphics module  1732 , text input module  1734 , and camera module  1743 , image management module  1744  includes executable instructions to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/or video images. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  1708 , touch screen  1712 , display system controller  1756 , contact module  1730 , graphics module  1732 , and text input module  1734 , browser module  1747  includes executable instructions to browse the Internet in accordance with user instructions, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portions thereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  1708 , touch screen  1712 , display system controller  1756 , contact module  1730 , graphics module  1732 , text input module  1734 , e-mail client module  1740 , and browser module  1747 , calendar module  1748  includes executable instructions to create, display, modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendar entries, to do lists, etc.) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  1708 , touch screen  1712 , display system controller  1756 , contact module  1730 , graphics module  1732 , text input module  1734 , and browser module  1747 , widget modules  1749  are mini-applications that may be downloaded and used by a user (e.g., weather widget  549 - 1 , stocks widget  549 - 2 , calculator widget  1749 - 3 , alarm clock widget  1749 - 4 , and dictionary widget  1749 - 5 ) or created by the user (e.g., user-created widget  1749 - 6 ). In some embodiments, a widget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In some embodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  1708 , touch screen  1712 , display system controller  1756 , contact module  1730 , graphics module  1732 , text input module  1734 , and browser module  1747 , the widget creator module  1750  may be used by a user to create widgets (e.g., turning a user-specified portion of a web page into a widget). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  1712 , display system controller  1756 , contact module  1730 , graphics module  1732 , and text input module  1734 , search module  1751  includes executable instructions to search for text, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory  1702  that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  1712 , display system controller  1756 , contact module  1730 , graphics module  1732 , audio circuitry  1710 , speaker  1711 , RF circuitry  1708 , and browser module  1747 , video and music player module  1752  includes executable instructions that allow the user to download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, and executable instructions to display, present or otherwise play back videos (e.g., on touch screen  1712  or on an external, connected display via external port  1724 ). In some embodiments, device  1700  may include the functionality of an MP3 player. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  1712 , display controller  1756 , contact module  1730 , graphics module  1732 , and text input module  1734 , notes module  1753  includes executable instructions to create and manage notes, to do lists, and the like in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  1708 , touch screen  1712 , display system controller  1756 , contact module  1730 , graphics module  1732 , text input module  1734 , GPS module  1735 , and browser module  1747 , map module  1754  may be used to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data associated with maps (e.g., driving directions; data on stores and other points of interest at or near a particular location; and other location-based data) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  1712 , display system controller  1756 , contact module  1730 , graphics module  1732 , audio circuitry  1710 , speaker  1711 , RF circuitry  1708 , text input module  1734 , e-mail client module  1740 , and browser module  1747 , online video module  1755  includes instructions that allow the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen or on an external, connected display via external port  1724 ), send an e-mail with a link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats, such as H.264. In some embodiments, instant messaging module  1741 , rather than e-mail client module  1740 , is used to send a link to a particular online video. 
     Each of the above identified modules and applications correspond to a set of executable instructions for performing one or more functions described above and the methods described in this application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods described herein). These modules (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  1702  may store a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  1702  may store additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     In some embodiments, device  1700  is a device where operation of a predefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/or a touchpad as the primary input control device for operation of device  1700 , the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) on device  1700  may be reduced. 
     The predefined set of functions that may be performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad include navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by the user, navigates device  1700  to a main, home, or root menu from any user interface that may be displayed on device  1700 . In such embodiments, the touchpad may be referred to as a “menu button.” In some other embodiments, the menu button may be a physical push button or other physical input control device instead of a touchpad. 
       FIG.  18    depicts illustrates an example portable multifunction device  1700  that may include one or more cameras (e.g., the cameras described above with reference to  FIGS.  1 - 16   ), in accordance with some embodiments. The device  1700  may have a touch screen  1702 . The touch screen  1718  may display one or more graphics within user interface (UI)  1800 . In this embodiment, as well as others described below, a user may select one or more of the graphics by making a gesture on the graphics, for example, with one or more fingers  1802  (not drawn to scale in the figure) or one or more styluses  1803  (not drawn to scale in the figure). 
     Device  1700  may also include one or more physical buttons, such as “home” or menu button  1804 . As described previously, menu button  1804  may be used to navigate to any application  1736  in a set of applications that may be executed on device  1700 . Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button  1804  is implemented as a soft key in a GUI displayed on touch screen  1712 . 
     In one embodiment, device  1700  includes touch screen  1712 , menu button  1804 , push button  1806  for powering the device on/off and locking the device, volume adjustment button(s)  1808 , Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card slot  1810 , head set jack  1812 , and docking/charging external port  1824 . Push button  1806  may be used to turn the power on/off on the device by depressing the button and holding the button in the depressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by depressing the button and releasing the button before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an unlock process. In an alternative embodiment, device  1700  also may accept verbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions through microphone  1713 . 
     It should be noted that, although many of the examples herein are given with reference to optical sensor(s)/camera(s)  1764  (on the front of a device), one or more rear-facing cameras or optical sensors that are pointed opposite from the display may be used instead of, or in addition to, an optical sensor(s)/camera(s)  1764  on the front of a device. 
     Example Computer System 
       FIG.  19    illustrates an example computer system  1900  that may include one or more cameras (e.g., the cameras described above with reference to  FIGS.  1 - 16   ), according to some embodiments. The computer system  1900  may be configured to execute any or all of the embodiments described above. In different embodiments, computer system  1900  may be any of various types of devices, including, but not limited to, a personal computer system, desktop computer, laptop, notebook, tablet, slate, pad, or netbook computer, mainframe computer system, handheld computer, workstation, network computer, a camera, a set top box, a mobile device, a consumer device, video game console, handheld video game device, application server, storage device, a television, a video recording device, a peripheral device such as a switch, modem, router, or in general any type of computing or electronic device. 
     Various embodiments of a camera motion control system as described herein, including embodiments of magnetic position sensing, as described herein may be executed in one or more computer systems  1900 , which may interact with various other devices. Note that any component, action, or functionality described above with respect to  FIGS.  1 - 18    may be implemented on one or more computers configured as computer system  1900  of  FIG.  19   , according to various embodiments. In the illustrated embodiment, computer system  1900  includes one or more processors  1910  coupled to a system memory  1920  via an input/output (I/O) interface  1930 . Computer system  1900  further includes a network interface  1940  coupled to I/O interface  1930 , and one or more input/output devices  1950 , such as cursor control device  1960 , keyboard  1970 , and display(s)  1980 . In some cases, it is contemplated that embodiments may be implemented using a single instance of computer system  1900 , while in other embodiments multiple such systems, or multiple nodes making up computer system  1900 , may be configured to host different portions or instances of embodiments. For example, in one embodiment some elements may be implemented via one or more nodes of computer system  1900  that are distinct from those nodes implementing other elements. 
     In various embodiments, computer system  1900  may be a uniprocessor system including one processor  1910 , or a multiprocessor system including several processors  1910  (e.g., two, four, eight, or another suitable number). Processors  1910  may be any suitable processor capable of executing instructions. For example, in various embodiments processors  1910  may be general-purpose or embedded processors implementing any of a variety of instruction set architectures (ISAs), such as the x86, PowerPC, SPARC, or MIPS ISAs, or any other suitable ISA. In multiprocessor systems, each of processors  1910  may commonly, but not necessarily, implement the same ISA. 
     System memory  1920  may be configured to store camera control program instructions  1922  and/or camera control data accessible by processor  1910 . In various embodiments, system memory  1920  may be implemented using any suitable memory technology, such as static random access memory (SRAM), synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM), nonvolatile/Flash-type memory, or any other type of memory. In the illustrated embodiment, program instructions  1922  may be configured to implement a lens control application  1924  incorporating any of the functionality described above. Additionally, existing camera control data  1932  of memory  1920  may include any of the information or data structures described above. In some embodiments, program instructions and/or data may be received, sent or stored upon different types of computer-accessible media or on similar media separate from system memory  1920  or computer system  1900 . While computer system  1900  is described as implementing the functionality of functional blocks of previous Figures, any of the functionality described herein may be implemented via such a computer system. 
     In one embodiment, I/O interface  1930  may be configured to coordinate I/O traffic between processor  1910 , system memory  1920 , and any peripheral devices in the device, including network interface  1940  or other peripheral interfaces, such as input/output devices  1950 . In some embodiments, I/O interface  1930  may perform any necessary protocol, timing or other data transformations to convert data signals from one component (e.g., system memory  1920 ) into a format suitable for use by another component (e.g., processor  1910 ). In some embodiments, I/O interface  1930  may include support for devices attached through various types of peripheral buses, such as a variant of the Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus standard or the Universal Serial Bus (USB) standard, for example. In some embodiments, the function of I/O interface  1930  may be split into two or more separate components, such as a north bridge and a south bridge, for example. Also, in some embodiments some or all of the functionality of I/O interface  1930 , such as an interface to system memory  1920 , may be incorporated directly into processor  1910 . 
     Network interface  1940  may be configured to allow data to be exchanged between computer system  1900  and other devices attached to a network  1985  (e.g., carrier or agent devices) or between nodes of computer system  1900 . Network  1985  may in various embodiments include one or more networks including but not limited to Local Area Networks (LANs) (e.g., an Ethernet or corporate network), Wide Area Networks (WANs) (e.g., the Internet), wireless data networks, some other electronic data network, or some combination thereof. In various embodiments, network interface  1940  may support communication via wired or wireless general data networks, such as any suitable type of Ethernet network, for example; via telecommunications/telephony networks such as analog voice networks or digital fiber communications networks; via storage area networks such as Fibre Channel SANs, or via any other suitable type of network and/or protocol. 
     Input/output devices  1950  may, in some embodiments, include one or more display terminals, keyboards, keypads, touchpads, scanning devices, voice or optical recognition devices, or any other devices suitable for entering or accessing data by one or more computer systems  1900 . Multiple input/output devices  1950  may be present in computer system  1900  or may be distributed on various nodes of computer system  1900 . In some embodiments, similar input/output devices may be separate from computer system  1900  and may interact with one or more nodes of computer system  1900  through a wired or wireless connection, such as over network interface  1940 . 
     As shown in  FIG.  19   , memory  1920  may include program instructions  1922 , which may be processor-executable to implement any element or action described above. In one embodiment, the program instructions may implement the methods described above. In other embodiments, different elements and data may be included. Note that data may include any data or information described above. 
     Those skilled in the art will appreciate that computer system  1900  is merely illustrative and is not intended to limit the scope of embodiments. In particular, the computer system and devices may include any combination of hardware or software that can perform the indicated functions, including computers, network devices, Internet appliances, PDAs, wireless phones, pagers, etc. Computer system  1900  may also be connected to other devices that are not illustrated, or instead may operate as a stand-alone system. In addition, the functionality provided by the illustrated components may in some embodiments be combined in fewer components or distributed in additional components. Similarly, in some embodiments, the functionality of some of the illustrated components may not be provided and/or other additional functionality may be available. 
     Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that, while various items are illustrated as being stored in memory or on storage while being used, these items or portions of them may be transferred between memory and other storage devices for purposes of memory management and data integrity. Alternatively, in other embodiments some or all of the software components may execute in memory on another device and communicate with the illustrated computer system via inter-computer communication. Some or all of the system components or data structures may also be stored (e.g., as instructions or structured data) on a computer-accessible medium or a portable article to be read by an appropriate drive, various examples of which are described above. In some embodiments, instructions stored on a computer-accessible medium separate from computer system  1900  may be transmitted to computer system  1900  via transmission media or signals such as electrical, electromagnetic, or digital signals, conveyed via a communication medium such as a network and/or a wireless link. Various embodiments may further include receiving, sending or storing instructions and/or data implemented in accordance with the foregoing description upon a computer-accessible medium. Generally speaking, a computer-accessible medium may include a non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium or memory medium such as magnetic or optical media, e.g., disk or DVD/CD-ROM, volatile or non-volatile media such as RAM (e.g. SDRAM, DDR, RDRAM, SRAM, etc.), ROM, etc. In some embodiments, a computer-accessible medium may include transmission media or signals such as electrical, electromagnetic, or digital signals, conveyed via a communication medium such as network and/or a wireless link. 
     The methods described herein may be implemented in software, hardware, or a combination thereof, in different embodiments. In addition, the order of the blocks of the methods may be changed, and various elements may be added, reordered, combined, omitted, modified, etc. Various modifications and changes may be made as would be obvious to a person skilled in the art having the benefit of this disclosure. The various embodiments described herein are meant to be illustrative and not limiting. Many variations, modifications, additions, and improvements are possible. Accordingly, plural instances may be provided for components described herein as a single instance. Boundaries between various components, operations and data stores are somewhat arbitrary, and particular operations are illustrated in the context of specific illustrative configurations. 
     ADDITIONAL DESCRIPTIONS OF EMBODIMENTS (EXAMPLE CLAUSES) 
     Clause 1: A camera, comprising: a folded optics arrangement to fold a path of light, the folded optics arrangement comprising: a first prism; a second prism; and a lens group disposed between the first prism and the second prism, wherein the lens group includes one or more lens elements; an image sensor to capture light that has passed through the first prism, the lens group, and the second prism; an actuator module to move the lens group along multiple axes; and a carrier structure that at least partially encircles the folded optics arrangement, wherein the carrier structure is coupled with the lens group such that the carrier structure and the lens group are moveable together relative to the image sensor. 
     Clause 2: The camera of Clause 1, wherein the actuator module comprises: a first optical image stabilization (OIS) voice coil motor (VCM) actuator to move the lens group to provide OIS movement of an image, captured via the image sensor, in at least a first direction; a second OIS VCM actuator to move the lens group to provide OIS movement of the image in at least a second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction; and an autofocus (AF) VCM actuator to move the lens group to provide AF movement of the image in at least a third direction that is orthogonal to the first direction and the second direction. 
     Clause 3: The camera of any of Clauses 1-2, wherein: the actuator module comprises: one or more magnets; and one or more coils; the carrier structure comprises an inner frame to which at least one coil of the one or more coils is attached; and the camera further comprises: an outer frame to which at least one magnet of the one or more magnets is attached, wherein the outer frame at least partially encircles the inner frame. 
     Clause 4: The camera of any of Clauses 1-3, further comprising: a suspension arrangement to suspend the lens group and allow movement of the lens group along the multiple axes, wherein the suspension arrangement comprises: a leaf spring attached to the carrier structure; and suspension wires, wherein a suspension wire of the suspension wires comprises: a first end portion attached to the leaf spring; and a second end portion attached to a fixed structure that is stationary relative to movement of the lens group. 
     Clause 5: The camera of any of Clauses 1-4, wherein: the first prism and the second prism are positioned along an optical axis defined by the lens group; and the image sensor defines a plane that is parallel to the optical axis. 
     Clause 6: A device, comprising: one or more processors; memory storing program instructions executable by the one or more processors to control operation of a camera; and the camera, comprising: a folded optics arrangement to fold a path of light, the folded optics arrangement comprising: a first prism; a second prism; and a lens group disposed between the first prism and the second prism, wherein the lens group includes one or more lens elements; an image sensor to capture light that has passed through the first prism, the lens group, and the second prism; an actuator module to move the lens group along multiple axes; and a carrier structure that at least partially encircles the folded optics arrangement, wherein the carrier structure is coupled with the lens group such that the carrier structure and the lens group are moveable together relative to the image sensor. 
     Clause 7: The device of Clause 6, wherein the one or more processors are further to: cause the actuator module to move the carrier structure, in at least a first direction parallel to an optical axis defined by the lens group, to provide autofocus (AF) movement of an image captured via the image sensor; cause the actuator module to move the carrier structure, in at least a second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction, to provide optical image stabilization movement of the image; and cause the actuator module to move the carrier structure, in at least a third direction that is orthogonal to the first direction and the second direction. 
     Clause 8: The device of any of Clauses 6-7, wherein: the actuator module comprises: one or more magnets; and one or more coils; the carrier structure comprises an inner frame to which at least one coil of the one or more coils is attached; and the camera further comprises: an outer frame to which at least one magnet of the one or more magnets is attached, wherein the outer frame at least partially encircles the inner frame. 
     Clause 9: The device of any of Clauses 6-8, wherein: the first prism comprises: an object side through which light enters the first prism; and a first reflecting surface side comprising a first reflective surface to redirect the light towards the lens group; and the second prism comprises: a second reflecting surface side comprising a second reflective surface to redirect the light towards the image sensor; and an image side through which the light exits the first prism, the image side proximate the image sensor. 
     Clause 10: The device of any of Clauses 6-9, wherein: the first reflecting surface side is angled relative to the object side of the first prism; and the actuator module comprises a voice coil motor (VCM) actuator having at least one magnet and at least one coil disposed within a space under the first reflecting surface side. 
     Clause 11: The device of any of Clauses 6-10, wherein the VCM actuator comprises an autofocus (AF) actuator to move the carrier structure, in at least a first direction parallel to an optical axis defined by the lens group, to provide AF movement of an image captured via the image sensor. 
     Clause 12: The device of any of Clauses 6-11, wherein the camera further comprises: a suspension arrangement to suspend the lens group and allow movement of the lens group along the multiple axes, wherein the suspension arrangement comprises: a leaf spring attached to the carrier structure; and suspension wires, wherein a suspension wire of the suspension wires comprises: a first end portion attached to the leaf spring; and a second end portion attached to a fixed structure that is stationary relative to movement of the lens group. 
     Clause 13: The device of any of Clauses 6-12, wherein: the leaf spring is an upper leaf spring attached to a top surface of the carrier structure, the upper leaf spring extending along a first plane that is parallel to the image sensor; the suspension wire is a first suspension wire that extends from the upper leaf spring in a first direction that is orthogonal to an optical axis defined by the lens group; the suspension arrangement further comprises a lower leaf spring attached to a bottom surface of the carrier structure, the lower leaf spring extending along a second plane that is parallel to the image sensor; and the suspension wires further comprise a second suspension wire that extends from the lower leaf spring in a second direction opposite the first direction. 
     Clause 14: The device of any of Clauses 6-13, wherein: the carrier structure comprises an inner frame; and the camera further comprises: an outer frame that at least partially encircles the inner frame; and a suspension arrangement to suspend the lens group and allow movement of the lens group along the multiple axes, wherein the suspension arrangement comprises: flexure arms to mechanically connect the inner frame to the outer frame, the flexure arms extending along a plane that is parallel to the image sensor. 
     Clause 15: The device of any of Clauses 6-14, wherein: the camera further comprises a lens holder to hold the lens group; and the carrier structure is fixedly attached to the lens holder. 
     Clause 16: A folded optics system, comprising: a lens group including one or more lens elements; a first prism to redirect light to the lens group; a second prism to receive the light from the lens group and redirect the light to an image sensor; an actuator module to move the lens group along multiple axes; and a carrier structure to couple with the lens group such that the carrier structure and the lens group are moveable together relative to the image sensor, wherein the carrier structure is to at least partially encircle the lens group, the first prism, and the second prism. 
     Clause 17: The folded optics system of Clause 16, wherein the actuator module comprises: a first optical image stabilization (OIS) voice coil motor (VCM) actuator to move the lens group to provide OIS movement of an image, captured via the image sensor, in at least a first direction; a second OIS VCM actuator to move the lens group to provide OIS movement of the image in at least a second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction; and an autofocus (AF) VCM actuator to move the lens group to provide AF movement of the image in at least a third direction that is orthogonal to the first direction and the second direction. 
     Clause 18: The folded optics system of any of Clauses 16-17, wherein: the actuator module comprises: one or more magnets; and one or more coils; a first portion of the actuator module is attached to the carrier structure; and a second portion of the actuator module is attached to a base structure that is fixed relative to movement of the carrier structure. 
     Clause 19: The folded optics system of any of Clauses 16-18, wherein: the first prism comprises: an object side through which light enters the first prism; and a first reflecting surface side comprising a first reflective surface to redirect the light to the lens group; the second prism comprises: a second reflecting surface side comprising a second reflective surface to redirect the light to the image sensor; an image side through which the light exits the first prism, the image side proximate the image sensor; the first reflecting surface side is angled relative to the object side of the first prism; and the actuator module comprises a voice coil motor (VCM) actuator having at least one magnet and at least one coil disposed within a space under the first reflecting surface side. 
     Clause 20: The folded optics system of any of Clauses 16-19, wherein: the lens group is disposed between the first prism and the second prism; and the first prism and the prism are positioned along an optical axis defined by the lens group. 
     Other allocations of functionality are envisioned and may fall within the scope of claims that follow. Finally, structures and functionality presented as discrete components in the example configurations may be implemented as a combined structure or component. These and other variations, modifications, additions, and improvements may fall within the scope of embodiments as defined in the claims that follow.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20210402
Publication Date: 20240319
Grant Date: 20240319
Priority Date: 20180110
Inventors: MILLER, SCOTT W.
MIREAULT, ALFRED N.
JOHNSON, BRAD V.
SMYTH, NICHOLAS D.
ADRIANO, RUMMEL R.
SHARMA, SHASHANK
WEBSTER, STEVEN
Assignee: APPLE INC
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Family ID: 67139535