PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-11057179-B2
Application Number: US-201916446860-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: User equipment and methods for physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resource allocation and communication

Abstract:
Embodiments of a User Equipment (UE), an Evolved Node-B (eNB), and methods for communication of uplink messages are generally described herein. The UE may receive, from an eNB, one or more downlink control messages that may indicate an allocation of PUCCH channel resources. The UE may transmit an uplink control message in at least a portion of the allocated PUCCH channel resources. When the PUCCH channel resources are allocated according to an edge configuration, the PUCCH channel resources may be restricted to a lower edge portion and an upper edge portion of the network channel resources. When the PUCCH channel resources are allocated according to a distributed configuration, the PUCCH channel resources may include one or more middle portions of the network channel resources. The middle portions may be exclusive to the lower edge and upper edge portions.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An apparatus, comprising:
 a processor configured to cause a user equipment device (UE) to:
 decode a control message from a base station configured to be received within a bandwidth of network resources; 
 determine a set of physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources from the control message 
 determine, from among the set of PUCCH resources, first PUCCH resources, the first PUCCH resources indicated by a resource index in downlink control information (DCI) of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) from the base station; and 
 encode, for transmission to the base station, an uplink control message using the first PUCCH resources, wherein the first PUCCH resources are allocated according to a first configuration in which:
 when the first configuration is an edge configuration the PUCCH resources are restricted to a lower edge portion and an upper edge portion of the bandwidth of network resources, and 
 when the first configuration is-not an edge configuration the PUCCH resources include a portion of 
 
 the bandwidth of network resources, wherein the first PUCCH resources are associated with a first mode or a second mode, wherein in the first mode a first portion of the first PUCCH resources comprises first frequency resources during a first time and a second portion of the first PUCCH resources comprises second frequency resources during a second time, and wherein in the second mode the first and second portions of the first PUCCH resources are transmitted in the same frequency resources. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The apparatus according to  claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to cause the UE to split a first PUCCH transmission on at least one of multiple slots or multiple resource blocks (RBs). 
     
     
       3. The apparatus according to  claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to cause the UE to repeat a first PUCCH transmission on at least one of multiple slots or multiple resource blocks (RBs). 
     
     
       4. The apparatus according to  claim 1 , wherein the first PUCCH resources are dependent on channel quality indicator (CQI) measurements of transmissions from the UE. 
     
     
       5. The apparatus according to  claim 1 , wherein:
 a second set of PUCCH resources are allocated in the edge configuration. 
 
     
     
       6. The apparatus according to  claim 1 , wherein first resource blocks (RBs) are dependent on a PUCCH format of a first PUCCH transmission. 
     
     
       7. The apparatus according to  claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to cause the UE to:
 determine an intermediate variable from the DCI; and 
 encode the uplink control message for transmission:
 in a localized configuration according the second mode: in a first resource block (RB) during multiple slots if a valueof an intermediate variable m is zero and in a second RB during multiple slots if the value of the intermediate variable m is one, and 
 in a non-localized configuration according the first mode: in the first RB during a first slot of the multiple slots and the second RB during a second slot of the multiple slots if the value of the intermediate variable m is zero and in the second RB during the first slot and the first RB during the second slot if the value of the intermediate variable m is one. 
 
 
     
     
       8. The apparatus according to  claim 1 , the processor is further configured to cause the UE to:
 determine an intermediate variable m′ from the DCI; and 
 encode the uplink control message for transmission using a non-contiguous pair-wise allocation that uses a pair of slots of a sub-frame on respective resource block (RBs) each RB, in which if the intermediate variable m′ has a value of n, the uplink control message is transmitted in an RB dependent on n during both slots, and a PRB index of the RB has a value of: floor (n/8 * N UL-RB ), in which N UL-RB  is a number of RBs in the bandwidth of network resources. 
 
     
     
       9. An apparatus, comprising:
 a processor configured to cause a base station to:
 encode, for transmission to a User Equipment (UE), a control message within a bandwidth of network resources, the control message configured to indicate a set of physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources; 
 encode, for transmission to the UE, a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), the PDCCH comprising downlink control information (DCI) that indicates a resource index indicating PUCCH resources from among the set of PUCCH resources to use for a PUCCH of the UE; and 
 decode, from the UE, an uplink control message using the PUCCH resources, wherein the PUCCH resources are allocated according to a configuration in which: 
 when the configuration is an edge configuration the PUCCH resources are restricted to a lower edge portion and an upper edge portion of the bandwidth of network resources, and when the configuration is not an edge configuration the PUCCH resources include a portion of the bandwidth of network resources, wherein the PUCCH resources are associated with a first mode or a second mode, wherein in the first mode a first portion of the PUCCH resources comprises first frequency resources during a first time and a second portion of the PUCCH resources comprises second frequency resources during a second time, and wherein in the second mode the first and second portions of the PUCCH resources are transmitted in the same frequency resources. 
 
 
     
     
       10. The apparatus according to  claim 9 , wherein the PUCCH is split or repeated on at least one of multiple slots or multiple resource blocks (RBs). 
     
     
       11. A user equipment device (UE), comprising:
 a radio; and 
 a processor operably connected to the radio and configured to cause the UE to:
 decode a control message from a base station configured to be received within a bandwidth of network resources; 
 determine a set of physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources from the control message; 
 determine, from among the set of PUCCH resources, first PUCCH resources indicated by a resource index in downlink control information (DCI) of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) from the base station; and 
 transmit, to the base station, an uplink control message using the first PUCCH resources, wherein the first PUCCH resources are allocated according to a first configuration that is not restricted to edges of the bandwidth of network resources, wherein the first PUCCH resources are associated with a first mode or a second mode, wherein in the first mode a first portion of the first PUCCH resources comprises first frequency resources during a first time and a second portion of the first PUCCH resources comprises second frequency resources during a second time, and wherein in the second mode the first and second portions of the first PUCCH resources are transmitted in the same frequency resources. 
 
 
     
     
       12. The UE of  claim 11 , wherein the first PUCCH resources comprise a plurality of contiguous resource blocks (RBs). 
     
     
       13. The UE of  claim 11 , wherein the processor is further configured to cause the UE to split a first PUCCH transmission on at least one of multiple slots or multiple resource blocks (RBs). 
     
     
       14. The UE of  claim 11 , wherein the processor is further configured to cause the UE to repeat a first PUCCH transmission on at least one of multiple slots or multiple resource blocks (RBs) RBs. 
     
     
       15. The UE of  claim 11 , wherein the first PUCCH resources are dependent on channel quality indicator (CQI) measurements. 
     
     
       16. The UE of  claim 11 , wherein:
 a second set of PUCCH resources are allocated in an edge configuration. 
 
     
     
       17. The UE of  claim 11 , wherein first resource blocks (RBs) are dependent on a PUCCH format of a first PUCCH transmission. 
     
     
       18. The UE of  claim 11 , wherein the processor is further configured to cause the UE to:
 determine an intermediate variable from the DCI; and 
 encode the uplink control message for transmission:
 in a localized configuration according the second mode: in a first resource block (RB) during multiple slots if a value of an intermediate variable m is zero and in a second RB during multiple slots if the value of the intermediate variable m is one, and 
 in a non-localized configuration according the first mode: in the first RB during a first slot of the multiple slots and the second RB during a second slot of the multiple slots if the value of the intermediate variable m is zero and in the second RB during the first slot and the first RB during the second slot if the value of the intermediate variable m is one.

Description:
PRIORITY CLAIM 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/559,991, filed Sep. 20, 2017, which is a U.S. National Stage Filing under 35 U.S.C. 371 from International Application No. PCT/US2015/050250, filed Sep. 15, 2015 and published in English as WO 2016/171748 on Oct. 27, 2016, which is a continuation of and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. 120 to International Application No. PCT/CN2015/077099, filed Apr. 21, 2015, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     Embodiments pertain to wireless communications. Some embodiments relate to wireless networks including 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) networks, 3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) networks, 3GPP LTE-A (LTE Advanced) networks, and 5G networks, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. Some embodiments relate to physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resource block allocation. Some embodiments relate to signaling of resources for PUCCH communication. 
     BACKGROUND 
     A wireless network may support communication with mobile devices. Accordingly, control messages may be exchanged between the mobile devices and a base station as part of the communication. In some cases, the reliability of such exchanges may affect system performance in terms of throughput, capacity or other measure. As an example, diversity techniques or other techniques may improve the reliability in some cases. As such, there is a general need for methods and systems of exchanging control messages between the mobile devices and the base station in these and other scenarios. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a functional diagram of a 3GPP network in accordance with some embodiments; 
         FIG. 2  is a block diagram of a User Equipment (UE) in accordance with some embodiments; 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an Evolved Node-B (eNB) in accordance with some embodiments; 
         FIG. 4  illustrates the operation of a method of physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) communication in accordance with some embodiments; 
         FIG. 5  illustrates examples of allocation of channel resources for PUCCH communication in accordance with some embodiments; 
         FIG. 6  illustrates another example of allocation of channel resources for PUCCH communication in accordance with some embodiments; 
         FIG. 7  illustrates an example of a distributed, pair-wise allocation of channel resources for PUCCH communication in accordance with some embodiments; 
         FIG. 8  illustrates an example of a distributed, cluster-based allocation of channel resources for PUCCH communication in accordance with some embodiments; 
         FIG. 9  illustrates the operation of another method of PUCCH communication in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The following description and the drawings sufficiently illustrate specific embodiments to enable those skilled in the art to practice them. Other embodiments may incorporate structural, logical, electrical, process, and other changes. Portions and features of some embodiments may be included in, or substituted for, those of other embodiments. Embodiments set forth in the claims encompass all available equivalents of those claims. 
       FIG. 1  is a functional diagram of a 3GPP network in accordance with some embodiments. The network comprises a radio access network (RAN) (e.g., as depicted, the E-UTRAN or evolved universal terrestrial radio access network)  101  and the core network  120  (e.g., shown as an evolved packet core (EPC)) coupled together through an S1 interface  115 . For convenience and brevity sake, only a portion of the core network  120 , as well as the RAN  101 , is shown. 
     The core network  120  includes a mobility management entity (MME)  122 , a serving gateway (serving GW)  124 , and packet data network gateway (PDN GW)  126 . The RAN  101  includes Evolved Node-B&#39;s (eNBs)  104  (which may operate as base stations) for communicating with User Equipment (UE)  102 . The eNBs  104  may include macro eNBs and low power (LP) eNBs. In accordance with some embodiments, the eNB  104  may transmit a downlink control message to the UE  102  to indicate an allocation of physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) channel resources. The UE  102  may receive the downlink control message from the eNB  104 , and may transmit an uplink control message to the eNB  104  in at least a portion of the PUCCH channel resources. These embodiments will be described in more detail below. 
     The MME  122  is similar in function to the control plane of legacy Serving GPRS Support Nodes (SGSN). The MME  122  manages mobility aspects in access such as gateway selection and tracking area list management. The serving GW  124  terminates the interface toward the RAN  101 , and routes data packets between the RAN  101  and the core network  120 . In addition, it may be a local mobility anchor point for inter-eNB handovers and also may provide an anchor for inter-3GPP mobility. Other responsibilities may include lawful intercept, charging, and some policy enforcement. The serving GW  124  and the MME  122  may be implemented in one physical node or separate physical nodes. The PDN GW  126  terminates an SGi interface toward the packet data network (PDN). The PDN GW  126  routes data packets between the EPC  120  and the external PDN, and may be a key node for policy enforcement and charging data collection. It may also provide an anchor point for mobility with non-LTE accesses. The external PDN can be any kind of IP network, as well as an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) domain. The PDN GW  126  and the serving GW  124  may be implemented in one physical node or separated physical nodes. 
     The eNBs  104  (macro and micro) terminate the air interface protocol and may be the first point of contact for a UE  102 . In some embodiments, an eNB  104  may fulfill various logical functions for the RAN  101  including but not limited to RNC (radio network controller functions) such as radio bearer management, uplink and downlink dynamic radio resource management and data packet scheduling, and mobility management. In accordance with embodiments, UEs  102  may be configured to communicate Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) communication signals with an eNB  104  over a multicarrier communication channel in accordance with an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) communication technique. The OFDM signals may comprise a plurality of orthogonal subcarriers. 
     The S1 interface  115  is the interface that separates the RAN  101  and the EPC  120 . It is split into two parts: the S1-U, which carries traffic data between the eNBs  104  and the serving GW  124 , and the S1-MME, which is a signaling interface between the eNBs  104  and the MME  122 . The X2 interface is the interface between eNBs  104 . The X2 interface comprises two parts, the X2-C and X2-U. The X2-C is the control plane interface between the eNBs  104 , while the X2-U is the user plane interface between the eNBs  104 . 
     With cellular networks, LP cells are typically used to extend coverage to indoor areas where outdoor signals do not reach well, or to add network capacity in areas with very dense phone usage, such as train stations. As used herein, the term low power (LP) eNB refers to any suitable relatively low power eNB for implementing a narrower cell (narrower than a macro cell) such as a femtocell, a picocell, or a micro cell. Femtocell eNBs are typically provided by a mobile network operator to its residential or enterprise customers. A femtocell is typically the size of a residential gateway or smaller and generally connects to the user&#39;s broadband line. Once plugged in, the femtocell connects to the mobile operator&#39;s mobile network and provides extra coverage in a range of typically 30 to 50 meters for residential femtocells. Thus, a LP eNB might be a femtocell eNB since it is coupled through the PDN GW  126 . Similarly, a picocell is a wireless communication system typically covering a small area, such as in-building (offices, shopping malls, train stations, etc.), or more recently in-aircraft. A picocell eNB can generally connect through the X2 link to another eNB such as a macro eNB through its base station controller (BSC) functionality. Thus, LP eNB may be implemented with a picocell eNB since it is coupled to a macro eNB via an X2 interface. Picocell eNBs or other LP eNBs may incorporate some or all functionality of a macro eNB. In some cases, this may be referred to as an access point base station or enterprise femtocell. 
     In some embodiments, a downlink resource grid may be used for downlink transmissions from an eNB  104  to a UE  102 , while uplink transmission from the UE  102  to the eNB  104  may utilize similar techniques. The grid may be a time-frequency grid, called a resource grid or time-frequency resource grid, which is the physical resource in the downlink in each slot. Such a time-frequency plane representation is a common practice for OFDM systems, which makes it intuitive for radio resource allocation. Each column and each row of the resource grid correspond to one OFDM symbol and one OFDM subcarrier, respectively. The duration of the resource grid in the time domain corresponds to one slot in a radio frame. The smallest time-frequency unit in a resource grid is denoted as a resource element (RE). Each resource grid comprises a number of resource blocks (RBs), which describe the mapping of certain physical channels to resource elements. Each resource block comprises a collection of resource elements in the frequency domain and may represent the smallest quanta of resources that currently can be allocated. There are several different physical downlink channels that are conveyed using such resource blocks. With particular relevance to this disclosure, two of these physical downlink channels are the physical downlink shared channel and the physical down link control channel. 
     The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data and higher-layer signaling to a UE  102  ( FIG. 1 ). The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries information about the transport format and resource allocations related to the PDSCH channel, among other things. It also informs the UE  102  about the transport format, resource allocation, and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARD) information related to the uplink shared channel. Typically, downlink scheduling (e.g., assigning control and shared channel resource blocks to UEs  102  within a cell) may be performed at the eNB  104  based on channel quality information fed back from the UEs  102  to the eNB  104 , and then the downlink resource assignment information may be sent to a UE  102  on the control channel (PDCCH) used for (assigned to) the UE  102 . 
     The PDCCH uses CCEs (control channel elements) to convey the control information. Before being mapped to resource elements, the PDCCH complex-valued symbols are first organized into quadruplets, which are then permuted using a sub-block inter-leaver for rate matching. Each PDCCH is transmitted using one or more of these control channel elements (CCEs), where each CCE corresponds to nine sets of four physical resource elements known as resource element groups (REGs). Four QPSK symbols are mapped to each REG. The PDCCH can be transmitted using one or more CCEs, depending on the size of DCI and the channel condition. There may be four or more different PDCCH formats defined in LTE with different numbers of CCEs (e.g., aggregation level, L=1, 2, 4, or 8). 
     As used herein, the term “circuitry” may refer to, be part of, or include an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an electronic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group), and/or memory (shared, dedicated, or group) that execute one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, and/or other suitable hardware components that provide the described functionality. In some embodiments, the circuitry may be implemented in, or functions associated with the circuitry may be implemented by, one or more software or firmware modules. In some embodiments, circuitry may include logic, at least partially operable in hardware. Embodiments described herein may be implemented into a system using any suitably configured hardware and/or software. 
       FIG. 2  is a functional diagram of a User Equipment (UE) in accordance with some embodiments. The UE  200  may be suitable for use as a UE  102  as depicted in  FIG. 1 . In some embodiments, the UE  200  may include application circuitry  202 , baseband circuitry  204 , Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry  206 , front-end module (FEM) circuitry  208  and one or more antennas  210 , coupled together at least as shown. In some embodiments, other circuitry or arrangements may include one or more elements and/or components of the application circuitry  202 , the baseband circuitry  204 , the RF circuitry  206  and/or the FEM circuitry  208 , and may also include other elements and/or components in some cases. As an example, “processing circuitry” may include one or more elements and/or components, some or all of which may be included in the application circuitry  202  and/or the baseband circuitry  204 . As another example, “transceiver circuitry” may include one or more elements and/or components, some or all of which may be included in the RF circuitry  206  and/or the FEM circuitry  208 . These examples are not limiting, however, as the processing circuitry and/or the transceiver circuitry may also include other elements and/or components in some cases. 
     The application circuitry  202  may include one or more application processors. For example, the application circuitry  202  may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The processor(s) may include any combination of general-purpose processors and dedicated processors (e.g., graphics processors, application processors, etc.). The processors may be coupled with and/or may include memory/storage and may be configured to execute instructions stored in the memory/storage to enable various applications and/or operating systems to run on the system. 
     The baseband circuitry  204  may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The baseband circuitry  204  may include one or more baseband processors and/or control logic to process baseband signals received from a receive signal path of the RF circuitry  206  and to generate baseband signals for a transmit signal path of the RF circuitry  206 . Baseband processing circuitry  204  may interface with the application circuitry  202  for generation and processing of the baseband signals and for controlling operations of the RF circuitry  206 . For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuitry  204  may include a second generation (2G) baseband processor  204   a , third generation (3G) baseband processor  204   b , fourth generation (4G) baseband processor  204   c , and/or other baseband processor(s)  204   d  for other existing generations, generations in development or to be developed in the future (e.g., fifth generation (5G), 6G, etc.). The baseband circuitry  204  (e.g., one or more of baseband processors  204   a - d ) may handle various radio control functions that enable communication with one or more radio networks via the RF circuitry  206 . The radio control functions may include, but are not limited to, signal modulation/demodulation, encoding/decoding, radio frequency shifting, etc. In some embodiments, modulation/demodulation circuitry of the baseband circuitry  204  may include Fast-Fourier Transform (FFT), precoding, and/or constellation mapping/demapping functionality. In some embodiments, encoding/decoding circuitry of the baseband circuitry  204  may include convolution, tail-biting convolution, turbo, Viterbi, and/or Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) encoder/decoder functionality. Embodiments of modulation/demodulation and encoder/decoder functionality are not limited to these examples and may include other suitable functionality in other embodiments. 
     In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry  204  may include elements of a protocol stack such as, for example, elements of an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN) protocol including, for example, physical (PHY), media access control (MAC), radio link control (RLC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), and/or radio resource control (RRC) elements. A central processing unit (CPU)  204   e  of the baseband circuitry  204  may be configured to run elements of the protocol stack for signaling of the PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP and/or RRC layers. In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry may include one or more audio digital signal processor(s) (DSP)  204   f  The audio DSP(s)  204   f  may be include elements for compression/decompression and echo cancellation and may include other suitable processing elements in other embodiments. Components of the baseband circuitry may be suitably combined in a single chip, a single chipset, or disposed on a same circuit board in some embodiments. In some embodiments, some or all of the constituent components of the baseband circuitry  204  and the application circuitry  202  may be implemented together such as, for example, on a system on a chip (SOC). 
     In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry  204  may provide for communication compatible with one or more radio technologies. For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuitry  204  may support communication with an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN) and/or other wireless metropolitan area networks (WMAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN), a wireless personal area network (WPAN). Embodiments in which the baseband circuitry  204  is configured to support radio communications of more than one wireless protocol may be referred to as multi-mode baseband circuitry. 
     RF circuitry  206  may enable communication with wireless networks using modulated electromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium. In various embodiments, the RF circuitry  206  may include switches, filters, amplifiers, etc. to facilitate the communication with the wireless network. RF circuitry  206  may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry to down-convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry  208  and provide baseband signals to the baseband circuitry  204 . RF circuitry  206  may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry to up-convert baseband signals provided by the baseband circuitry  204  and provide RF output signals to the FEM circuitry  208  for transmission. 
     In some embodiments, the RF circuitry  206  may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of the RF circuitry  206  may include mixer circuitry  206   a , amplifier circuitry  206   b  and filter circuitry  206   c . The transmit signal path of the RF circuitry  206  may include filter circuitry  206   c  and mixer circuitry  206   a . RF circuitry  206  may also include synthesizer circuitry  206   d  for synthesizing a frequency for use by the mixer circuitry  206   a  of the receive signal path and the transmit signal path. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry  206   a  of the receive signal path may be configured to down-convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry  208  based on the synthesized frequency provided by synthesizer circuitry  206   d . The amplifier circuitry  206   b  may be configured to amplify the down-converted signals and the filter circuitry  206   c  may be a low-pass filter (LPF) or band-pass filter (BPF) configured to remove unwanted signals from the down-converted signals to generate output baseband signals. Output baseband signals may be provided to the baseband circuitry  204  for further processing. In some embodiments, the output baseband signals may be zero-frequency baseband signals, although this is not a requirement. In some embodiments, mixer circuitry  206   a  of the receive signal path may comprise passive mixers, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry  206   a  of the transmit signal path may be configured to up-convert input baseband signals based on the synthesized frequency provided by the synthesizer circuitry  206   d  to generate RF output signals for the FEM circuitry  208 . The baseband signals may be provided by the baseband circuitry  204  and may be filtered by filter circuitry  206   c . The filter circuitry  206   c  may include a low-pass filter (LPF), although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. 
     In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry  206   a  of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry  206   a  of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for quadrature downconversion and/or upconversion respectively. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry  206   a  of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry  206   a  of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for image rejection (e.g., Hartley image rejection). In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry  206   a  of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry  206   a  may be arranged for direct downconversion and/or direct upconversion, respectively. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry  206   a  of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry  206   a  of the transmit signal path may be configured for super-heterodyne operation. 
     In some embodiments, the output baseband signals and the input baseband signals may be analog baseband signals, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some alternate embodiments, the output baseband signals and the input baseband signals may be digital baseband signals. In these alternate embodiments, the RF circuitry  206  may include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry and the baseband circuitry  204  may include a digital baseband interface to communicate with the RF circuitry  206 . In some dual-mode embodiments, a separate radio IC circuitry may be provided for processing signals for each spectrum, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. 
     In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuitry  206   d  may be a fractional-N synthesizer or a fractional N/N+1 synthesizer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect as other types of frequency synthesizers may be suitable. For example, synthesizer circuitry  206   d  may be a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizer comprising a phase-locked loop with a frequency divider. The synthesizer circuitry  206   d  may be configured to synthesize an output frequency for use by the mixer circuitry  206   a  of the RF circuitry  206  based on a frequency input and a divider control input. In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuitry  206   d  may be a fractional N/N+1 synthesizer. In some embodiments, frequency input may be provided by a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), although that is not a requirement. Divider control input may be provided by either the baseband circuitry  204  or the applications processor  202  depending on the desired output frequency. In some embodiments, a divider control input (e.g., N) may be determined from a look-up table based on a channel indicated by the applications processor  202 . 
     Synthesizer circuitry  206   d  of the RF circuitry  206  may include a divider, a delay-locked loop (DLL), a multiplexer and a phase accumulator. In some embodiments, the divider may be a dual modulus divider (DMD) and the phase accumulator may be a digital phase accumulator (DPA). In some embodiments, the DMD may be configured to divide the input signal by either N or N+1 (e.g., based on a carry out) to provide a fractional division ratio. In some example embodiments, the DLL may include a set of cascaded, tunable, delay elements, a phase detector, a charge pump and a D-type flip-flop. In these embodiments, the delay elements may be configured to break a VCO period up into Nd equal packets of phase, where Nd is the number of delay elements in the delay line. In this way, the DLL provides negative feedback to help ensure that the total delay through the delay line is one VCO cycle. 
     In some embodiments, synthesizer circuitry  206   d  may be configured to generate a carrier frequency as the output frequency, while in other embodiments, the output frequency may be a multiple of the carrier frequency (e.g., twice the carrier frequency, four times the carrier frequency) and used in conjunction with quadrature generator and divider circuitry to generate multiple signals at the carrier frequency with multiple different phases with respect to each other. In some embodiments, the output frequency may be a LO frequency (f LO ). In some embodiments, the RF circuitry  206  may include an IQ/polar converter. 
     FEM circuitry  208  may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry configured to operate on RF signals received from one or more antennas  210 , amplify the received signals and provide the amplified versions of the received signals to the RF circuitry  206  for further processing. FEM circuitry  208  may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry configured to amplify signals for transmission provided by the RF circuitry  206  for transmission by one or more of the one or more antennas  210 . 
     In some embodiments, the FEM circuitry  208  may include a TX/RX switch to switch between transmit mode and receive mode operation. The FEM circuitry may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of the FEM circuitry may include a low-noise amplifier (LNA) to amplify received RF signals and provide the amplified received RF signals as an output (e.g., to the RF circuitry  206 ). The transmit signal path of the FEM circuitry  208  may include a power amplifier (PA) to amplify input RF signals (e.g., provided by RF circuitry  206 ), and one or more filters to generate RF signals for subsequent transmission (e.g., by one or more of the one or more antennas  210 . In some embodiments, the UE  200  may include additional elements such as, for example, memory/storage, display, camera, sensor, and/or input/output (I/O) interface. 
       FIG. 3  is a functional diagram of an Evolved Node-B (eNB) in accordance with some embodiments. It should be noted that in some embodiments, the eNB  300  may be a stationary non-mobile device. The eNB  300  may be suitable for use as an eNB  104  as depicted in  FIG. 1 . The eNB  300  may include physical layer circuitry  302  and a transceiver  305 , one or both of which may enable transmission and reception of signals to and from the UE  200 , other eNBs, other UEs or other devices using one or more antennas  301 . As an example, the physical layer circuitry  302  may perform various encoding and decoding functions that may include formation of baseband signals for transmission and decoding of received signals. As another example, the transceiver  305  may perform various transmission and reception functions such as conversion of signals between a baseband range and a Radio Frequency (RF) range. Accordingly, the physical layer circuitry  302  and the transceiver  305  may be separate components or may be part of a combined component. In addition, some of the described functionality related to transmission and reception of signals may be performed by a combination that may include one, any or all of the physical layer circuitry  302 , the transceiver  305 , and other components or layers. The eNB  300  may also include medium access control layer (MAC) circuitry  304  for controlling access to the wireless medium. The eNB  300  may also include processing circuitry  306  and memory  308  arranged to perform the operations described herein. The eNB  300  may also include one or more interfaces  310 , which may enable communication with other components, including other eNBs  104  ( FIG. 1 ), components in the EPC  120  ( FIG. 1 ) or other network components. In addition, the interfaces  310  may enable communication with other components that may not be shown in  FIG. 1 , including components external to the network. The interfaces  310  may be wired or wireless or a combination thereof. 
     The antennas  210 ,  301  may comprise one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas, including, for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas or other types of antennas suitable for transmission of RF signals. In some multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) embodiments, the antennas  210 ,  301  may be effectively separated to take advantage of spatial diversity and the different channel characteristics that may result. 
     In some embodiments, the UE  200  or the eNB  300  may be a mobile device and may be a portable wireless communication device, such as a personal digital assistant (PDA), a laptop or portable computer with wireless communication capability, a web tablet, a wireless telephone, a smartphone, a wireless headset, a pager, an instant messaging device, a digital camera, an access point, a television, a wearable device such as a medical device (e.g., a heart rate monitor, a blood pressure monitor, etc.), or other device that may receive and/or transmit information wirelessly. In some embodiments, the UE  200  or eNB  300  may be configured to operate in accordance with 3GPP standards, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. Mobile devices or other devices in some embodiments may be configured to operate according to other protocols or standards, including IEEE 802.11 or other IEEE standards. In some embodiments, the UE  200 , eNB  300  or other device may include one or more of a keyboard, a display, a non-volatile memory port, multiple antennas, a graphics processor, an application processor, speakers, and other mobile device elements. The display may be an LCD screen including a touch screen. 
     Although the UE  200  and the eNB  300  are each illustrated as having several separate functional elements, one or more of the functional elements may be combined and may be implemented by combinations of software-configured elements, such as processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements. For example, some elements may comprise one or more microprocessors, DSPs, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), radio-frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) and combinations of various hardware and logic circuitry for performing at least the functions described herein. In some embodiments, the functional elements may refer to one or more processes operating on one or more processing elements. 
     Embodiments may be implemented in one or a combination of hardware, firmware and software. Embodiments may also be implemented as instructions stored on a computer-readable storage device, which may be read and executed by at least one processor to perform the operations described herein. A computer-readable storage device may include any non-transitory mechanism for storing information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer). For example, a computer-readable storage device may include read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash-memory devices, and other storage devices and media. Some embodiments may include one or more processors and may be configured with instructions stored on a computer-readable storage device. 
     It should be noted that in some embodiments, an apparatus used by the UE  200  and/or eNB  300  may include various components of the UE  200  and/or the eNB  300  as shown in  FIGS. 2-3 . Accordingly, techniques and operations described herein that refer to the UE  200  (or  102 ) may be applicable to an apparatus for a UE. In addition, techniques and operations described herein that refer to the eNB  300  (or  104 ) may be applicable to an apparatus for an eNB. 
     In accordance with embodiments, the UE  102  may receive, from an eNB  104 , one or more downlink control messages that may indicate an allocation of PUCCH channel resources. The UE  102  may transmit an uplink control message in at least a portion of the allocated PUCCH channel resources. When the PUCCH channel resources are allocated according to an edge configuration, the PUCCH channel resources may be restricted to a lower edge portion and an upper edge portion of the network channel resources. When the PUCCH channel resources are allocated according to a distributed configuration, the PUCCH channel resources may include one or more middle portions of the network channel resources. These embodiments are described in more detail below. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates the operation of a method of physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) communication in accordance with some embodiments. It is important to note that embodiments of the method  400  may include additional or even fewer operations or processes in comparison to what is illustrated in  FIG. 4 . In addition, embodiments of the method  400  are not necessarily limited to the chronological order that is shown in  FIG. 4 . In describing the method  400 , reference may be made to  FIGS. 1-3 and 5-9 , although it is understood that the method  400  may be practiced with any other suitable systems, interfaces and components. 
     In addition, while the method  400  and other methods described herein may refer to eNBs  104  or UEs  102  operating in accordance with 3GPP or other standards, embodiments of those methods are not limited to just those eNBs  104  or UEs  102  and may also be practiced on other mobile devices, such as a Wi-Fi access point (AP) or user station (STA). In addition, the method  400  and other methods described herein may be practiced by wireless devices configured to operate in other suitable types of wireless communication systems, including systems configured to operate according to various IEEE standards such as IEEE 802.11. The method  400  may also refer to an apparatus for a UE  102  and/or eNB  104  or other device described above. 
     At operation  405  of the method  400 , the UE  102  may receive, from an eNB  104  configured to operate in a network, one or more downlink control messages that may indicate an allocation of PUCCH channel resources. In some embodiments, the PUCCH channel resources may be included in network channel resources. That is, the network channel resources may be allocated for the network for exchanging of data messages and/or control messages. A portion of the network channel resources may be allocated as PUCCH channel resources to accommodate PUCCH transmissions by UEs  102 . In some embodiments, the PUCCH channel resources may be reserved exclusively for the PUCCH transmissions, although embodiments are not limited as such. In addition, one or more portions of the network channel resources may also be allocated for other purposes. For instance, physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) channel resources may be allocated for transmission of data by the UEs  102 . It should be noted that embodiments are not limited to the use of PUCCH and/or PUSCH arrangements that may be included in 3GPP or other standards, as other control channels and/or data channels may also be used in some embodiments. 
     In some embodiments, the PUCCH channel resources may be allocated according to either an edge configuration or a distributed configuration, which will be described below. These embodiments are not limiting, however, as the PUCCH channel resources may be allocated according to any number of configurations in some embodiments, which may or may not include the edge configuration and/or the distributed configuration. As an example, a third configuration, or additional configurations, may be used in addition to the edge configuration and distributed configuration. 
     In some embodiments, the PUCCH channel resources may be allocated according to a legacy configuration for usage by UEs  102  configured as legacy UEs  102 , and further allocated according to a non-legacy configuration for usage by UEs  102  configured as non-legacy UEs  102 . As a non-limiting example, the edge configuration may be used as the legacy configuration and the distributed configuration may be used as the non-legacy configuration. These embodiments are not limiting, however, as the PUCCH channel resources may not necessarily be configured according to legacy/non-legacy operation in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the PUCCH channel resources may include a legacy portion and a non-legacy portion simultaneously. In some embodiments, the PUCCH channel resources may include either a legacy portion or a non-legacy portion. 
     The one or more downlink control messages may indicate which type of allocation (distributed, edge and/or other) is to be used. The messages may also indicate other information related to the allocation in some cases. As an example, the particular portion(s) of the network channel resources to be allocated as PUCCH channel resources may be included or indicated. As another example, related information may be included or indicated to enable the UE  102  to determine the PUCCH channel resources (such as a size and/or frequency locations of the PUCCH channel resources). 
     In some embodiments, the network channel resources and/or the PUCCH channel resources may include one or more resource blocks (RBs), which may include multiple resource elements (REs). These embodiments are not limiting, however, as the network channel resources and/or the PUCCH channel resources may include any number of sub-carriers, sub-channels and/or other bandwidths or frequency spans. In some embodiments, time resources may include one or more slots, sub-frames, symbol periods, OFDM symbol periods or other. As a non-limiting example, a sub-frame may span a time duration of one millisecond and may include two non-overlapping consecutive slots of 500 microseconds each. Such time durations may be included in 3GPP and/or other standards, but embodiments are not limited as such. 
     In some embodiments, when the PUCCH channel resources are allocated according to the edge configuration, the PUCCH channel resources may be restricted to a lower edge portion and an upper edge portion of the network channel resources. The lower edge portion may be substantially near a lower edge of a frequency range of the network channel resources and the upper edge portion may be substantially near an upper edge of the frequency range of the network channel resources. As a non-limiting example, the lower edge portion may be included in approximately a lower 25 percent of the network channel resources and the upper edge portion may be included in approximately an upper 25 percent of the network channel resources. Embodiments are not limited to the threshold of 25 percent, however, as other suitable thresholds may be used, such as 5, 10, 15, 30 or other value of percentage. 
     It should be noted that, in some cases, the lower edge portion and upper edge portion may or may not include the lower edge and/or upper edge of the frequency range of the network channel resources. As an example, the lower edge portion may include the lower 5%-15% of the frequency range, which is located within the lower 25% of the range but does not include the lowest 5% (and therefore the lower edge). Accordingly, the lower and upper edge portions may be concentrated near the edges of the frequency range but may not necessarily include the edges in some cases. 
     In some embodiments, when the PUCCH channel resources are allocated according to the distributed configuration, the PUCCH channel resources may include one or more middle portions of the network channel resources. As a non-limiting example, at least one of the middle portions may be included in a frequency range substantially near a center frequency of the network channel resources, such as within a middle 25 percent (or suitable number like 5, 10, 15, 30 or other) of the network channel resources. As another non-limiting example, the middle portions may be exclusive to lower edge and upper edge portions like those described previously. As another non-limiting example, the PUCCH channel resources when allocated according to the distributed configuration may also include at least a portion of the lower edge portion or the upper edge portion. Accordingly, the PUCCH channel resources may be distributed (in some manner) throughout the network channel resources when allocated according to the distributed configuration. 
     At operation  410 , the UE  102  may receive, from the eNB  104 , one or more downlink control messages that may indicate a portion of the allocated PUCCH channel resources for transmission of an uplink control message. At operation  415 , the UE  102  may determine the portion of the allocated PUCCH channel resources for the transmission of the uplink control message. Although not limited as such, in some cases the determination may be based at least partly on information included in the downlink control messages. At operation  420 , the UE  102  may transmit the uplink control message in at least a portion of the allocated PUCCH channel resources. In some embodiments, the portion may be determined at operations  410  and/or  415 . These embodiments are not limiting, however, as the portion may be determined using other techniques. For instance, in a persistent scheduling arrangement, the PUCCH channel resources to be used by the UE  102  may have been previously used (in previous frames or otherwise) by the UE  102  for transmission of uplink control messages and may be reused for such purpose. 
     In some embodiments, a physical RB (PRB) index and/or a PUCCH resource index and/or other information may be included in the messages to indicate a portion of RBs of the allocated PUCCH channel resources that are to be used by the UE  102 . As another example, an intermediate value or other information may be included in the downlink control message(s), and may be used, by the UE  102 , to determine the PRB index or the RBs to be used by the UE  102 . Examples of such intermediate values will be presented below. 
     In some embodiments, the one or more downlink control messages received at the UE  102  at operation  410  may include one or more radio resource control (RRC) messages that may be included in 3GPP or other standards. These embodiments are not limiting, however, as other suitable control messages may be used in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the PRB index and/or the PUCCH resource index may be included in a downlink control information (DCI) element included in the RRC messages. These embodiments are not limiting, however, as any suitable technique may be used for communication of the information to the UE  102  for determination of the PUCCH resources to be used. 
     In some embodiments, the UE  102  may receive a UE identifier that may identify the UE  102 . The UE identifier may be assigned to the UE  102  by the eNB  104 , although embodiments are not so limited. As an example, a number between 0 and 2047 may be used for the UE identifier. As will be described below, such an identifier may be used to determine which PUCCH resources are to be used by the UE  102 . For instance, a many-to-one mapping of UE identifier to PUCCH RBs may be used or determined. The UE  102  may receive the UE identifier in one or more downlink control messages (such as RRC messages). For instance, the UE identifier may be communicated to the UE  102  as part of a setup or initialization process. 
     It should be noted that parameters, information or other values communicated to the UE  102  in downlink messages as described may be included in one or more such messages. Embodiments are not limited to individual downlink messages for such communication, however. For instance, a downlink message may communicate a configuration of PUCCH RBs to be used and a particular PUCCH RB to be used by the UE  102 . In addition, the downlink control messages may include dedicated control messages and/or broadcast control messages in some embodiments. 
     Several examples related to allocation of PUCCH channel resources will be presented below.  FIG. 5  illustrates examples of allocation of channel resources for PUCCH communication in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG. 6  illustrates another example of allocation of channel resources for PUCCH communication in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG. 7  illustrates an example of a distributed, pair-wise allocation of channel resources for PUCCH communication in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG. 8  illustrates an example of a distributed, cluster-based allocation of channel resources for PUCCH communication in accordance with some embodiments. 
     Although the examples shown in  FIGS. 5-8  may illustrate some aspects of techniques disclosed herein, it is understood that embodiments are not limited to these examples. Techniques and scenarios discussed are not limited to the number or types of channel resources, RBs, slots or other frequency units or time units shown in these examples, as any suitable number or types may be used. 
     Referring to  FIG. 5 , in the example scenario  500 , a distributed configuration may be used for all PUCCH formats (semi-persistent, non semi-persistent and otherwise). Accordingly, the PUCCH channel resources indicated by  505 ,  515 ,  525  distributed throughout the channel resources may be used for those PUCCH formats. In the example scenario  550 , PUCCH channel resources  560 ,  570 , and  580  are distributed throughout the channel resources, and may be used for non semi-persistent formats as shown. In addition, PUCCH channel resources  555 ,  585  are located substantially near the edges of the channel resources, and may be used for semi-persistent formats as indicated. It should be noted that the number of regions for the distributed configurations are not limited to the three regions shown in the example of  FIG. 5 . In addition, embodiments are not limited to the usage of the PUSCH regions as shown in the example scenarios  500 ,  550 . 
     In some cases, when the distributed configuration is used (or available) for all PUCCH formats, more flexible RRC configurability may be used to better support PUCCH inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC). However, it may be easier to achieve scheduling gain for PUCCH formats like 1a, 1b, and 3 included in the 3GPP standards, as those formats utilize ACK/NAK bits and may be driven by physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) transmission. 
     In some embodiments, the uplink control message may be transmitted according to a localized slot configuration or according to a non-localized slot configuration. As an example, when a first slot and a second slot are used, a first portion of the uplink control message may be transmitted during the first slot in a first RB and a second portion of the uplink control message may be transmitted during the second slot in a second RB. For the localized slot configuration, the first RB and second RB may be the same RB. For the non-localized slot configuration, the first RB and second RB may be different. Although not limited as such, the non-localized configuration may be applicable to legacy operation in some cases. 
     It should be noted that in some embodiments, the uplink control message may be transmitted on multiple slots and/or in multiple RBs, which may be performed by splitting the message, repeating the message or other technique. As an example, the message may be split across the multiple slots and/or multiple RBs. As another example, the message may be repeated on the multiple slots and/or multiple RBs for diversity purposes. The examples in  FIGS. 6-8  may employ these techniques, in some cases, but are not limited as such. 
     Referring to the example in  FIG. 6 , a first slot  605  and a second slot  610  may be used for transmission of the uplink control message. As an example of a localized configuration, when the value of the intermediate variable m′ (which will be described below) is zero, the uplink control message may be transmitted in RB  630  during both slots  605  and  610 . As another example of a localized configuration, when the value of m′ is one, the uplink control message may be transmitted in RB  620  during both slots  605  and  610 . As an example of a non-localized configuration, when the value of the intermediate variable m (which will also be described below) is zero, the uplink control message may be transmitted in RB  620  during slot  605  and in RB  630  during slot  610 . As another example of a non-localized configuration, when the value of m is one, the uplink control message may be transmitted in RB  630  during slot  605  and in RB  620  during slot  610 . 
     As previously described, the intermediate value m (or m′) may be determined based on a UE identifier or other parameters, such as a particular PUCCH format used (that may be included in 3GPP or other standards in some cases). As a non-limiting example, when PUCCH formats 1, 1a, or 1b are used, m may be determined as: 
     
       
         
           
             m 
             = 
             
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     As another non-limiting example, when PUCCH formats 2, 2a or 2b are used, m may be determined as:
 
 m=└n   PUUCH   (2,{tilde over (p)})   /N   SF   RB ┘
 
     As another non-limiting example, when PUCCH format 3 is used, m may be determined as:
 
 m=└n   PUCCH   (3,{tilde over (p)})   /N   SF,0   PUCCH ┘
 
     In some embodiments, the intermediate variable m (or m′) may be used to determine a physical RB (PRB) index. As a non-limiting example, the PRB index may be determined as: 
     
       
         
           
             
               n 
               PRB 
             
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     Some or all of the parameters used in the above formulas (and others presented below) may be similar to or may be based on parameters used in the 3GPP or other standards, although not limited as such. For instance, the parameter n PUCCH  may be related to a UE identifier (as previously described), and m may therefore depend on the UE identifier. As another example, the parameter N UL   RB  may be or may be related to a number of RBs in the network channel resources. 
     Referring to the example in  FIG. 7 , the PUCCH channel resources may be allocated according to a “pair-wise” allocation. Accordingly, the RBs  721 - 728  allocated may be non-contiguous. Therefore, the PUCCH channel resources for the uplink control message transmissions may be allocated according to a pair of slots  710 ,  715  of the sub-frame  705  on each RB  721 - 728 . As an example, when the intermediate variable m′ has a value of 0, the uplink control message may be transmitted in RB  728  during both slots  710  and  715 . The PRB index  738  may have a value of 0 in this case. As another example, when the intermediate variable m′ has a value of 5, the uplink control message may be transmitted in RB  723  during both slots  710  and  715 . In this case, the PRB index  733  may have a value of floor (⅝*N UL-RB ), in which N UL-RB  may be a number of RBs in the network channel resources, and may be the same as or related to the parameter N UL   RB  also described herein. 
     It should be noted that the mapping of the PRB indexes  731 - 738  with the value of m′ as shown in  FIG. 7  is an example mapping that is not limiting, and any suitable mapping may be used. As a non-limiting example, the mapping shown in  FIG. 7  may be determined using a formula such as: 
     
       
         
           
             
               
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     It should be noted that the above formula and mapping may be for a localized configuration. As another non-limiting example, a distributed configuration may also be used, according to a formula such as 
     
       
         
           
               
             
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                         ⁢ 
                         slot 
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     Referring to the example in  FIG. 8 , the PUCCH channel resources may be allocated according to a “cluster-based” allocation, in which the RBs included in the allocated PUCCH channel resources may be divided into one or more groups of contiguous RBs (or clusters). Accordingly, the RBs  831 - 833  may be allocated as a cluster, and may be indexed by  835 - 837 . These RBs may be used when values of the intermediate variable m′ are 6, 2, and 10, respectively, in this example. Additional clusters (such as  821 - 823 ) are also shown. It should be noted that embodiments are not limited to the number and/or sizes of the clusters shown in the example of  FIG. 8 , and are also not limited to the mappings shown in the example of  FIG. 8 . 
     It should be noted that the mapping of the PRB indexes (like  825 - 826  and  835 - 837 ) with the value of m′ as shown in  FIG. 8  is an example mapping that is not limiting, and any suitable mapping may be used. As a non-limiting example, the mapping shown in  FIG. 8  may be determined using a formula such as: 
     
       
         
           
             
               n 
               PRB 
               ′ 
             
             = 
             
               { 
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             α 
                             , 
                             
                               
                                 if 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 
                                   
                                       
                                   
                                   ⁢ 
                                   
                                       
                                   
                                 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 β 
                               
                               = 
                               0 
                             
                           
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           
                             
                               
                                 ⌊ 
                                 
                                   β 
                                   ⁢ 
                                   
                                       
                                   
                                   ⁢ 
                                   
                                     
                                       N 
                                       RB 
                                       UL 
                                     
                                     
                                       
                                         N 
                                         block 
                                       
                                       - 
                                       1 
                                     
                                   
                                 
                                 ⌋ 
                               
                               + 
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     ( 
                                     
                                       - 
                                       1 
                                     
                                     ) 
                                   
                                   α 
                                 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 
                                   ⌈ 
                                   
                                     α 
                                     2 
                                   
                                   ⌉ 
                                 
                               
                             
                             , 
                             otherwise 
                           
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           
                             
                               
                                 N 
                                 RB 
                                 UL 
                               
                               - 
                               α 
                               - 
                               1 
                             
                             , 
                             
                               
                                 if 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 
                                   
                                       
                                   
                                   ⁢ 
                                   
                                       
                                   
                                 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 β 
                               
                               = 
                               
                                 
                                   N 
                                   block 
                                 
                                 - 
                                 1 
                               
                             
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     ⁢ 
                     
                       
 
                     
                     ⁢ 
                     α 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     ⌊ 
                     
                       
                         m 
                         ′ 
                       
                       
                         N 
                         block 
                       
                     
                     ⌋ 
                   
                 
                 , 
                 
                     
                 
                 ⁢ 
                 
                   β 
                   = 
                   
                     mod 
                     ⁡ 
                     
                       ( 
                       
                         
                           m 
                           ′ 
                         
                         , 
                         
                           N 
                           block 
                         
                       
                       ) 
                     
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     In some embodiments, a resource index (PRB index) may be predefined in a standard such as 3GPP or other. For instance, for a scheduling request (SR) message, the resource index for the PUCCH transmission may be fixed. 
     In some embodiments, the resource index (PRB index) may be defined as a function of a variable such as n CCE . The eNB  104  may select an optimal frequency band for the UE  102  to transmit the PUCCH, and may indicate the optimal frequency band (portion of the network channel resources) by transmitting the value of m (or m′) to the UE  102 . The value of m or m′ may be determined using any suitable technique. As a non-limiting example, the formula below may be used: 
     
       
         
           
             m 
             = 
             
               { 
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             
                               
                                 m 
                                 start 
                               
                               + 
                               
                                 
                                   ( 
                                   
                                     
                                       n 
                                       CCE 
                                     
                                     - 
                                     
                                       n 
                                       
                                         start 
                                         , 
                                         CCE 
                                       
                                     
                                   
                                   ) 
                                 
                                 / 
                                 L 
                               
                             
                             , 
                             
                               for 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                   
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               pair 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                 - 
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               wise 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                   
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               case 
                             
                           
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           
                             
                               
                                 m 
                                 start 
                               
                               + 
                               
                                 mod 
                                 ⁡ 
                                 
                                   ( 
                                   
                                     
                                       
                                         ( 
                                         
                                           
                                             n 
                                             CCE 
                                           
                                           - 
                                           
                                             n 
                                             
                                               start 
                                               , 
                                               CCE 
                                             
                                           
                                         
                                         ) 
                                       
                                       / 
                                       L 
                                     
                                     , 
                                     
                                       N 
                                       block 
                                     
                                   
                                   ) 
                                 
                               
                             
                             , 
                             
                               for cluster-wise case 
                             
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     ⁢ 
                     
                       
 
                     
                     ⁢ 
                     
                         
                     
                     ⁢ 
                     
                       m 
                       start 
                     
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         ⌊ 
                         
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               
                                 n 
                                 
                                   start 
                                   , 
                                   CCE 
                                 
                               
                               + 
                               
                                 N 
                                 PUCCH 
                                 
                                   ( 
                                   1 
                                   ) 
                                 
                               
                             
                             ) 
                           
                           / 
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               
                                 cN 
                                 sc 
                                 RB 
                               
                               / 
                               
                                 Δ 
                                 shift 
                                 PUCCH 
                               
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                         ⌋ 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         
 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         n 
                         
                           start 
                           , 
                           CCE 
                         
                       
                     
                     = 
                     
                       
                         L 
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           { 
                           
                             
                               ( 
                               
                                 Y 
                                 k 
                               
                               ) 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             mod 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                               ⌊ 
                               
                                 
                                   N 
                                   
                                     CCE 
                                     , 
                                     k 
                                   
                                 
                                 / 
                                 L 
                               
                               ⌋ 
                             
                           
                           } 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           
 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                             
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           n 
                           CCE 
                         
                       
                       = 
                       
                         L 
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           { 
                           
                             
                               ( 
                               
                                 
                                   Y 
                                   k 
                                 
                                 + 
                                 l 
                               
                               ) 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             mod 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                               ⌊ 
                               
                                 
                                   N 
                                   
                                     CCE 
                                     , 
                                     k 
                                   
                                 
                                 / 
                                 L 
                               
                               ⌋ 
                             
                           
                           } 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 , 
                 
                   l 
                   = 
                   0 
                 
                 , 
                 1 
                 , 
                 
                   
                     M 
                     
                       ( 
                       L 
                       ) 
                     
                   
                   - 
                   1 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     In some embodiments, the resource index may be explicitly signaled in a DCI for downlink assignment. This option may be applicable for the case of hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) ACK/NACK and aperiodic channel state information (CSI) feedback. As an example, a field of two bits may be defined in the DCI to indicate the resource allocation for PUCCH transmission. 
     In some embodiments, the resource index may be included in RRC signaling dedicated to the UE  102 . This option may be applicable for the case of periodic CSI feedback and semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) based downlink transmission. 
     In some embodiments, parameters such as flag_pucchTXMode and/or Nblock and/or others may be used, by higher layers as part of the determination and/or indication of the PUCCH resources. As an example, the parameter flag_pucchTXMode may be used, by higher layers, to indicate whether the PUCCH format is in localized transmission mode or not. This parameter may be signaled via RRC signaling dedicated to the UE  102 , in some cases. As another example, the parameter Nblock may be used, by higher layers, to indicate a number of distributed RBs for the PUCCH allocation. For instance, a number of RBs in a cluster may be indicated. The parameter Nblock may be provided by a master information block (MIB), system information block (SIB) or UE specific RRC signaling. It may be used for cluster-based allocations of the PUCCH channel resources, in some cases. 
       FIG. 9  illustrates the operation of another method of PUCCH communication in accordance with some embodiments. As mentioned previously regarding the method  400 , embodiments of the method  900  may include additional or even fewer operations or processes in comparison to what is illustrated in  FIG. 9  and embodiments of the method  900  are not necessarily limited to the chronological order that is shown in  FIG. 9 . In describing the method  900 , reference may be made to  FIGS. 1-8 , although it is understood that the method  900  may be practiced with any other suitable systems, interfaces and components. In addition, embodiments of the method  900  may refer to eNBs  104 , UEs  102 , APs STAs or other wireless or mobile devices. The method  900  may also refer to an apparatus for an eNB  104  and/or UE  102  or other device described above. 
     It should be noted that the method  900  may be practiced at an eNB  104 , and may include exchanging of signals or messages with a UE  102 . Similarly, the method  400  may be practiced at a UE  102 , and may include exchanging of signals or messages with an eNB  104 . In some cases, operations and techniques described as part of the method  400  may be relevant to the method  900 . In addition, embodiments may include operations performed at the eNB  104  that are reciprocal or similar to other operations described herein performed at the UE  102 . For instance, an operation of the method  900  may include transmission of a message by the eNB  104  while an operation of the method  400  may include reception of the same message or similar message by the UE  102 . 
     In addition, previous discussion of various techniques and concepts may be applicable to the method  900  in some cases, including the network channel resources, PUCCH channel resources, various techniques for allocation of the PUCCH channel resources, downlink control messages, uplink control messages, and others. In addition, the example allocations shown in  FIGS. 5-8  may also be applicable, in some cases. 
     At operation  905 , the eNB  104  may transmit, to one or more UEs  102 , one or more downlink control messages that may indicate an allocation of PUCCH channel resources. As previously described, the downlink control messages may indicate a type of allocation or other parameters or information to enable the UEs  102  to determine the allocation. 
     At operation  910 , the eNB  104  may determine a portion of the allocated PUCCH channel resources for transmission of an uplink control message by a particular UE  102 . At operation  915 , the eNB  104  may transmit, to the UE  102 , one or more downlink control messages that may indicate the portion of the allocated PUCCH channel resources. At operation  920 , the eNB  104  may receive, from the UE  102 , an uplink control message in at least a portion of the allocated PUCCH channel resources. In some embodiments, the eNB  104  may perform operations  910  and/or  915  and/or  920  for multiple UEs  102 . 
     As an example, the determination of the portion of the PUCCH resources to be used by a particular UE  102  may be based on channel quality indicator (CQI) measurements on transmissions from the UE  102  in RBs included in the allocated PUCCH channel resources. Embodiments are not limited to the use of CQI measurements, however, as other measurements may be used, such as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), signal level or others. The eNB  104  may therefore determine which PUCCH channel resources are to be used by the UE  102  in a manner that may enable a diversity gain and/or an improvement in SNR or other performance measure for the uplink transmission by the UE  102 . In addition, such techniques may be applied, by the eNB  104 , for multiple UEs  102 . 
     In Example 1, an apparatus for User Equipment (UE) may comprise transceiver circuitry and hardware processing circuitry. The hardware processing circuitry may configure the transceiver circuitry to receive, from an Evolved Node-B (eNB), one or more downlink control messages that may indicate an allocation of physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) channel resources that are included in network channel resources. The hardware processing circuitry may further configure the transceiver circuitry to transmit an uplink control message in at least a portion of the allocated PUCCH channel resources. When the PUCCH channel resources are allocated according to an edge configuration, the PUCCH channel resources may be restricted to a lower edge portion and an upper edge portion of the network channel resources. When the PUCCH channel resources are allocated according to a distributed configuration, the PUCCH channel resources may include one or more middle portions of the network channel resources. The middle portions may be exclusive to the lower edge and upper edge portions. 
     In Example 2, the subject matter of Example 1 wherein the downlink control messages may indicate that the PUCCH channel resources are allocated in accordance with either the edge configuration or the distributed configuration. 
     In Example 3, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 1-2, wherein the lower edge portion may be substantially near a lower edge of a frequency range of the network channel resources and the upper edge portion may be substantially near an upper edge of the frequency range of the network channel resources. 
     In Example 4, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 1-3, wherein the lower edge portion may be included in approximately a lower 25 percent of the network channel resources. The upper edge portion may be included in approximately an upper 25 percent of the network channel resources. At least one of the middle portions may be included in approximately a middle 25 percent of the network channel resources. 
     In Example 5, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 1-4, wherein when the PUCCH channel resources are allocated according to the distributed configuration, the PUCCH channel resources may further include at least a portion of the lower edge portion or the upper edge portion. 
     In Example 6, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 1-5, wherein the allocated PUCCH channel resources may include multiple resource blocks (RBs). A first portion of the uplink control message may be transmitted during a first slot in a first RB included in the allocated PUCCH channel resources. When the uplink control message is transmitted according to a localized slot configuration, a second portion of the uplink control message may be transmitted during a second slot in the first RB. When the uplink control message is transmitted according to a non-localized slot configuration, the second portion of the uplink control message may be transmitted during the second slot in a second RB included in the allocated PUCCH channel resources. 
     In Example 7, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 1-6, wherein the RBs included in the allocated PUCCH channel resources may be non-contiguous. 
     In Example 8, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 1-7, wherein the RBs included in the allocated PUCCH channel resources may be divided into one or more groups of contiguous RBs. 
     In Example 9, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 1-8, wherein the allocated PUCCH channel resources may include multiple resource blocks (RBs). The downlink control messages may include a PUCCH resource index to indicate the portion of the allocated PUCCH channel resources to be used for transmission of the uplink control message. 
     In Example 10, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 1-9, wherein the downlink control messages may include a radio resource control (RRC) message. The PUCCH resource index may be included in a downlink control information (DCI) element included in the RRC message. 
     In Example 11, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 1-10, wherein the hardware processing circuitry may further configure the transceiver circuitry to receive, from the eNB, a UE identifier. The portion of the allocated PUCCH channel resources used for transmission of the uplink control message may be based at least partly on the UE identifier. 
     In Example 12, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 1-11, wherein the UE and the eNB may be arranged to operate according to a Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) protocol. 
     In Example 13, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 1-12, wherein the apparatus may further include one or more antennas coupled to the transceiver circuitry for the reception of the downlink control messages and for the transmission of the uplink control message. 
     In Example 14, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium may store instructions for execution by one or more processors to perform operations for communication by a User Equipment (UE). The operations may configure the one or more processors to determine, from a group of resource blocks (RBs) included in network channel resources, one or more physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) RBs. The determination may be based at least partly on whether the UE operates according to a legacy configuration. The operations may further configure the one or more processors to transmit an uplink control message during a first slot and a second slot in the determined PUCCH RBs. The network channel resources may include a legacy portion of PUCCH RBs restricted to a lower edge frequency portion and an upper edge frequency portion of the network channel resources. The network channel resources may further include a non-legacy portion of PUCCH RBs that includes multiple RBs distributed in a portion of the network channel resources exclusive to the legacy portion. 
     In Example 15, the subject matter of Example 14, wherein the lower edge frequency portion may be included in approximately a lower 25 percent of the network channel resources. The upper edge frequency portion may be included in approximately an upper 25 percent of the network channel resources. 
     In Example 16, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 14-15, wherein a first portion of the uplink control message may be transmitted during the first slot in a first PUCCH RB. When the uplink control message is transmitted according to a localized slot configuration, a second portion of the uplink control message may be transmitted during the second slot in the first PUCCH RB. When the uplink control message is transmitted according to a non-localized slot configuration, the second portion of the uplink control message may be transmitted during the second slot in a second PUCCH RB. 
     In Example 17, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 14-16, wherein the non-legacy portion of PUCCH RBs may be divided into one or more groups of contiguous RBs. 
     In Example 18, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 14-17, wherein the operations may further configure the one or more processors to receive a downlink control message that includes a PUCCH resource index. The determination of the PUCCH RBs used for the transmission of the uplink control message may be based at least partly on the received PUCCH resource index. 
     In Example 19, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 14-18, wherein the downlink control messages may include a radio resource control (RRC) message. The PUCCH resource index may be included in a downlink control information (DCI) element included in the RRC message. 
     In Example 20, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 14-19, wherein the PUCCH resource index may be based at least partly on a diversity gain for the transmission of the uplink control message. 
     In Example 21, an apparatus for an Evolved Node-B (eNB) may comprise transceiver circuitry and hardware processing circuitry. The hardware processing circuitry may configure the transceiver circuitry to transmit one or more downlink control messages that indicate an allocation of physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resource blocks (RBs) that are included in network channel resources. The hardware processing circuitry may further configure the transceiver circuitry to receive, from User Equipment (UE), an uplink control message in at least a portion of the PUCCH RBs. The network channel resources may include a legacy portion of PUCCH RBs restricted to a lower edge frequency portion and an upper edge frequency portion of the network channel resources. The network channel resources may further include a non-legacy portion of PUCCH RBs that includes multiple RBs distributed in a portion of the network channel resources exclusive to the legacy portion. 
     In Example 22, the subject matter of Example 21, wherein the downlink control messages may further indicate a localized slot configuration or a non-localized slot configuration to be used, by the UE, for transmission of the uplink control message. The uplink control message may be received during a first slot in a first PUCCH RB. When the uplink control message is received according to the localized slot configuration, a second portion of the uplink control message may be received during a second slot in the first PUCCH RB. When the uplink control message is received according to the non-localized slot configuration, the second portion of the uplink control message may be received during the second slot in a second PUCCH RB. 
     In Example 23, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 21-22, wherein the downlink control messages may further include a PUCCH resource index to indicate the portion of the allocated PUCCH channel resources to be used, by the UE, for transmission of the uplink control message. 
     In Example 24, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 21-23, wherein the hardware processing circuitry may be configured to determine one or more channel quality measurements for the PUCCH RBs. The PUCCH resource index may be determined based at least partly on the channel quality measurements. 
     In Example 25, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 21-24, wherein the PUCCH resource index may be determined based at least partly on a diversity gain for the transmission of the uplink control message. 
     In Example 26, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 21-25, wherein the downlink control messages may include a radio resource control (RRC) message. The PUCCH resource index may be included in a downlink control information (DCI) element included in the RRC message. 
     In Example 27, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 21-26, wherein the eNB and the UE may be arranged to operate according to a Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) protocol. 
     In Example 28, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 21-27, wherein the apparatus may further include one or more antennas coupled to the transceiver circuitry for the transmission of the downlink control messages and for the reception of the uplink control message. 
     The Abstract is provided to comply with 37 C.F.R. Section 1.72(b) requiring an abstract that will allow the reader to ascertain the nature and gist of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to limit or interpret the scope or meaning of the claims. The following claims are hereby incorporated into the detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20190620
Publication Date: 20210706
Grant Date: 20210706
Priority Date: 20150421
Inventors: CHANG, Wenting
ZHU, YUAN
ZHANG, YUSHU
XIONG, GANG
HAN, SEUNGHEE
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H04W72/53", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W72/21", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L5/0094", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L5/0053", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L5/0053", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L5/0051", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L1/00", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L5/0037", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L5/0051", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W72/0446", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L5/0094", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L5/0094", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L5/0037", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L5/0037", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L1/00", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W72/0413", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W28/0289", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L5/0094", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W72/0446", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L5/0051", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W72/0493", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L5/0053", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W72/1284", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 57144672