PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-11150731-B2
Application Number: US-201916400354-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Multi-modal haptic feedback for an electronic device using a single haptic actuator

Abstract:
Systems, methods, and computer-readable media provide multiple modes of haptic feedback for an electronic device using a single haptic actuator. Adjusting a parameter (e.g., frequency) of an actuator waveform generated by the single haptic actuator may affect how a mechanical coupling between the haptic actuator and a portion of the electronic device produces a device waveform at that device portion from the actuator waveform. A first mechanical coupling with a first response characteristic (e.g., stiffness or resonance frequency) may be provided between the haptic actuator and a first portion of the electronic device (e.g., a user input component of the electronic device), while a second mechanical coupling with a different second response characteristic may be provided between the haptic actuator and a second portion of the electronic device (e.g., the device housing of the electronic device) to selectively provide localized haptic feedback at the first portion of the electronic device.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An electronic device comprising:
 a device housing defining an interior space; 
 a haptic actuator positioned within the interior space; 
 an input component positioned at least partially within the interior space and accessible by a user via an opening extending through the device housing; 
 a haptic-housing coupling mechanism physically coupling the haptic actuator to the device housing; and 
 a haptic-input coupling mechanism physically coupling the haptic actuator to the input component, wherein a compliance of the haptic-input coupling mechanism is less than a compliance of the haptic-housing coupling mechanism; 
 wherein: 
 in response to the haptic actuator producing an actuator waveform: 
 the haptic-housing coupling mechanism produces a first device waveform at the device housing; 
 the haptic-input coupling mechanism produces a second device waveform at the input component; and 
 a motion of the device housing created by the first device waveform is greater than a motion of the input component created by the second device waveform. 
 
     
     
       2. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the haptic-housing coupling mechanism comprises a spring physically coupling the haptic actuator to the device housing. 
     
     
       3. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the haptic-input coupling mechanism comprises a welded joint directly physically coupling the haptic actuator to the input component. 
     
     
       4. The electronic device of  claim 1 , further comprising a strap coupled to the device housing, wherein the strap is operative to hold the device housing against a wrist of the user. 
     
     
       5. The electronic device of  claim 4 , wherein the input component is a digital crown. 
     
     
       6. The electronic device of  claim 4 , wherein the input component is a push button. 
     
     
       7. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the input component is movable with respect to the device housing via the opening. 
     
     
       8. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein:
 when the haptic actuator provides a first actuator waveform, the haptic-housing coupling mechanism is operative to produce a first device housing waveform at the device housing; 
 when the haptic actuator provides the first actuator waveform, the haptic-input coupling mechanism is operative to produce a first device input waveform at the input component; 
 when the haptic actuator provides a second actuator waveform, the haptic-housing coupling mechanism is operative to produce a second device housing waveform at the device housing; 
 when the haptic actuator provides the second actuator waveform, the haptic-input coupling mechanism is operative to produce a second device input waveform at the input component; 
 a frequency parameter of the first actuator waveform is below a threshold; 
 a frequency parameter of the second actuator waveform is above the threshold; 
 a movement parameter of the first device input waveform is no greater than two times a movement parameter of the first device housing waveform; and 
 a movement parameter of the second device input waveform is no less than five times a movement parameter of the second device housing waveform. 
 
     
     
       9. The electronic device of  claim 8 , wherein the frequency parameter of the first actuator waveform is at least two times less than the frequency parameter of the second actuator waveform. 
     
     
       10. An electronic device comprising:
 a device housing defining an interior space; 
 a haptic actuator positioned within the interior space; 
 an input component; 
 a haptic-housing coupling mechanism mounting the haptic actuator to the device housing and comprising a first portion coupled to the haptic actuator and a second portion coupled to the device housing; and 
 a haptic-input coupling mechanism physically coupling the haptic actuator to the input component while enabling the input component to move freely in at least one direction with respect to the device housing, wherein: 
 the haptic-input coupling mechanism comprises a welded joint physically coupling the haptic actuator to the input component; and 
 the haptic-housing coupling mechanism is distinct from the haptic actuator; and in response to the haptic actuator producing an actuator waveform: 
 the haptic-housing coupling mechanism produces a first device waveform at the device housing; 
 the haptic-input coupling mechanism produces a second device waveform at the input component; and 
 a motion of the device housing created by the first device waveform is greater than a motion of the input component created by the second device waveform. 
 
     
     
       11. The electronic device of  claim 10 , wherein the haptic actuator is configured to move within the interior space in the at least one direction with respect to the device housing when the haptic actuator is driven by an actuator input waveform. 
     
     
       12. The electronic device of  claim 10 , wherein:
 the haptic actuator comprises a first fundamental resonance frequency; and 
 the haptic-housing coupling mechanism comprises a second fundamental resonance frequency that is greater than the first fundamental resonance frequency. 
 
     
     
       13. The electronic device of  claim 10 , wherein the haptic-housing coupling mechanism comprises a spring physically coupling the haptic actuator to the device housing. 
     
     
       14. An electronic device comprising:
 a device housing defining an interior space; 
 a haptic actuator positioned within the interior space; 
 a haptic-housing coupling mechanism physically coupling the haptic actuator to the device housing, wherein: 
 the haptic actuator comprises a first fundamental resonance frequency; and 
 the haptic-housing coupling mechanism comprises a second fundamental resonance frequency that is greater than the first fundamental resonance frequency; 
 an input component; and 
 a haptic-input coupling mechanism physically coupling the haptic actuator to the input component while enabling the input component to move freely in at least one direction with respect to the device housing, wherein: 
 when a frequency parameter of an actuator input waveform applied to the haptic actuator is the first fundamental resonance frequency, the haptic actuator drives movement of the device housing; and 
 when the frequency parameter of the actuator input waveform applied to the haptic actuator is greater than the second fundamental resonance frequency, the haptic actuator simultaneously drives movement of the input component and movement of the device housing that is less than the movement of the input component. 
 
     
     
       15. An electronic device comprising:
 a device housing defining an interior space; 
 a haptic actuator positioned within the interior space; 
 a haptic-housing coupling mechanism physically coupling the haptic actuator to the device housing, wherein: 
 the haptic actuator comprises a first fundamental resonance frequency; and 
 the haptic-housing coupling mechanism comprises a second fundamental resonance frequency that is greater than the first fundamental resonance frequency; 
 an input component; and 
 a haptic-input coupling mechanism physically coupling the haptic actuator to the input component while enabling the input component to move freely in at least one direction with respect to the device housing, wherein: 
 when the haptic actuator provides a first actuator waveform, the haptic-housing coupling mechanism is operative to produce a first device housing waveform at the device housing; 
 when the haptic actuator provides the first actuator waveform, the haptic-input coupling mechanism is operative to produce a first device input waveform at the input component; 
 when the haptic actuator provides a second actuator waveform, the haptic-housing coupling mechanism is operative to produce a second device housing waveform at the device housing; 
 when the haptic actuator provides the second actuator waveform, the haptic-input coupling mechanism is operative to produce a second device input waveform at the input component; 
 a frequency parameter of the first actuator waveform is below the second fundamental resonance frequency; 
 a frequency parameter of the second actuator waveform is above the second fundamental resonance frequency; 
 a movement parameter of the first device input waveform is within a threshold magnitude of a movement parameter of the first device housing waveform; and 
 a movement parameter of the second device input waveform is greater than a movement parameter of the second device housing waveform by at least the threshold magnitude. 
 
     
     
       16. A haptic feedback assembly for an electronic device comprising a first component and a second component, the haptic feedback assembly comprising:
 a haptic actuator; 
 a first coupling mechanism physically coupling the haptic actuator to the first component; and 
 a second coupling mechanism operative to physically couple the haptic actuator to the second component, wherein a compliance of the second coupling mechanism is less than a compliance of the first coupling mechanism; 
 wherein: 
 in response to the haptic actuator producing an actuator waveform; 
 the first coupling mechanism produces a first device waveform at the first component; 
 the second coupling mechanism produces a second device waveform at the second component; and 
 a motion of the first component created by the first device waveform is greater than a motion of the second component created by the second device waveform.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE(S) 
     This application claims the benefit of prior filed U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/738,032, filed Sep. 28, 2018, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     This generally relates to providing multiple modes of haptic feedback, and, more particularly, to providing multiple modes of haptic feedback for an electronic device using a single haptic actuator. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Haptic technology, which may simply be referred to as haptics, is a tactile feedback-based technology that may stimulate a user&#39;s sense of touch by imparting relative amounts of force to the user. Haptics has become a popular way of conveying information to users of consumer electronic devices. For example, an electronic device may include a haptic actuator that provides tactile feedback to the user when the user is in contact with any part of the electronic device, where the haptic actuator may apply relative amounts of force to a user of the electronic device through actuation of a mass that is part of the haptic actuator. 
     SUMMARY 
     Systems, methods, and computer-readable media for enabling multiple modes of haptic feedback for an electronic device using a single haptic actuator are provided. 
     For example, an electronic device may be provided that includes a device housing defining an interior space, a haptic actuator positioned within the interior space, an input component positioned at least partially within the interior space and accessible by a user via an opening extending through the device housing, a haptic-housing coupling mechanism physically coupling the haptic actuator to the device housing, and a haptic-input coupling mechanism physically coupling the haptic actuator to the input component, wherein a compliance of the haptic-input coupling mechanism is less than a compliance of the haptic-housing coupling mechanism. 
     As another example, a haptic feedback assembly for an electronic device including a first component and a second component may be provided that includes a haptic actuator, a first coupling mechanism operative to physically couple the haptic actuator to the first component, and a second coupling mechanism operative to physically couple the haptic actuator to the second component, wherein a compliance of the second coupling mechanism is less than a compliance of the first coupling mechanism. 
     As another example, an electronic device may be provided that includes a device housing defining an interior space, a haptic actuator positioned within the interior space, an input component, a haptic-housing coupling mechanism softly mounting the haptic actuator to the device housing, and a haptic-input coupling mechanism physically coupling the haptic actuator to the input component while enabling the input component to move freely in at least one direction with respect to the device housing. 
     As yet another example, an electronic device may be provided that includes a device housing defining an interior space, a haptic actuator positioned within the interior space, and a haptic-housing coupling mechanism physically coupling the haptic actuator to the device housing, wherein the haptic actuator includes a first fundamental resonance frequency, and the haptic-housing coupling mechanism includes a second fundamental resonance frequency that is greater than the first fundamental resonance frequency. 
     This Summary is provided only to summarize some example embodiments, so as to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the subject matter described in this document. Accordingly, it will be appreciated that the features described in this Summary are only examples and should not be construed to narrow the scope or spirit of the subject matter described herein in any way. Unless otherwise stated, features described in the context of one example may be combined or used with features described in the context of one or more other examples. Other features, aspects, and advantages of the subject matter described herein will become apparent from the following Detailed Description, Figures, and Claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The discussion below makes reference to the following drawings, in which like reference characters refer to like parts throughout, and in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic view of an illustrative electronic device enabled for multiple modes of haptic feedback; 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic view of another illustrative electronic device enabled for multiple modes of haptic feedback; 
         FIG. 3  is a front, right, bottom perspective view of the electronic device of  FIG. 2 ; 
         FIG. 4  is a schematic view of a portion of the electronic device of  FIGS. 2 and 3 ; 
         FIG. 5  is a front, right, bottom perspective view of an exemplary multi-modal haptic feedback assembly of the electronic device of  FIGS. 2-4 ; 
         FIG. 6  is a front, right, bottom perspective view of another exemplary multi-modal haptic feedback assembly of the electronic device of  FIGS. 2-4 ; 
         FIG. 6A  is a front view of a portion of the electronic device of  FIGS. 2-4  with the multi-modal haptic feedback assembly of  FIG. 6  when assembled; 
         FIG. 7  is a front, right, bottom perspective view of another exemplary multi-modal haptic feedback assembly of the electronic device of  FIGS. 2-4 ; 
         FIG. 8  is a front, right, bottom perspective view of another exemplary multi-modal haptic feedback assembly of the electronic device of  FIGS. 2-4 ; 
         FIG. 9  is a front, right, bottom perspective view of another exemplary multi-modal haptic feedback assembly of the electronic device of  FIGS. 2-4 ; 
         FIG. 10  is a front, right, bottom perspective view of a portion of the electronic device of  FIGS. 2-4  with the multi-modal haptic feedback assembly of  FIG. 7  in two different stages of assembly; 
         FIG. 11  is a front, right, bottom perspective view of a portion of the electronic device of  FIGS. 2-4  with another exemplary multi-modal haptic feedback assembly; 
         FIG. 12  is a graph illustrating a relationship between an exemplary actuator waveform and exemplary device waveforms; 
         FIG. 13  is a schematic view of an illustrative subsystem of an electronic device to support higher peak power for shorter bursts of haptic feedback; and 
         FIGS. 14-16  are front views of a portion of various electronic devices with a multi-modal haptic feedback assembly and at least one additional input component sensor. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the following detailed description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the various embodiments described herein. Those of ordinary skill in the art will realize that these various embodiments are illustrative only and are not intended to be limiting in any way. Other embodiments will readily suggest themselves to such skilled persons having the benefit of this disclosure. 
     In addition, for clarity purposes, not all of the routine features of the embodiments described herein are shown or described. One of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that in the development of any such actual embodiment, numerous embodiment-specific decisions may be required to achieve specific design objectives. These design objectives will vary from one embodiment to another and from one developer to another. Moreover, it will be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time-consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine engineering undertaking for those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure. 
     The present disclosure relates to enabling multiple modes of haptic feedback for an electronic device using a single haptic actuator. Adjusting a parameter (e.g., frequency) of an actuator waveform generated by the single haptic actuator may affect how a mechanical coupling (e.g., a compliant coupling) between the haptic actuator and a portion of the electronic device produces, from the actuator waveform, a device waveform at that device portion. A first (e.g., more rigid (e.g., less compliant)) mechanical coupling (e.g., a welding joint) may be provided between the haptic actuator and a first portion of the electronic device (e.g., a user input component of the electronic device), while a second (e.g., less rigid (e.g., more compliant)) mechanical coupling (e.g., via a spring or cushion) may be provided between the haptic actuator and a second portion of the electronic device (e.g., the device housing of the electronic device) in order to selectively provide localized haptic feedback at the first portion of the electronic device (e.g., by adjusting a parameter (e.g., frequency parameter) of the actuator waveform), where the first and second portions of the electronic device may not be physically coupled to one another or may be significantly compliantly coupled to one another as compared to any compliancy of each device portion&#39;s respective coupling to the actuator housing. 
     Systems, methods, and computer-readable media for enabling multiple modes of haptic feedback for an electronic device using a single haptic actuator are provided and described with reference to  FIGS. 1-16 . 
       FIG. 1  is a schematic view of an illustrative electronic device  100  that may provide multiple modes of haptic feedback. Electronic device  100  may be any portable, mobile, or hand-held electronic device configured to provide multiple modes of haptic feedback. Alternatively, electronic device  100  may not be portable at all, but may instead be generally stationary. Electronic device  100  can include, but is not limited to, a media player, video player, still image player, game player, other media player, music recorder, movie or video camera or recorder, still camera, other media recorder, radio, medical equipment, domestic appliance, transportation vehicle instrument, musical instrument, calculator, cellular telephone (e.g., an iPhone™ available by Apple Inc.), other wireless communication device, personal digital assistant, remote control, pager, computer (e.g., a desktop, laptop, tablet, server, etc.), monitor, television, stereo equipment, set up box, set-top box, wearable device (e.g., an Apple Watch™ by Apple Inc. to be worn on a wrist, a head-wearable device, etc.), boom box, modem, router, printer, and combinations thereof. Electronic device  100  may include any suitable controller or control circuitry or processor  102 , memory  104 , communications component  106 , power supply  108 , input component  110 , and output component  112 . Electronic device  100  may also include a bus  114  that may provide one or more wired or wireless communication links or paths for transferring data and/or power to, from, or between various other components of device  100 . Device  100  may also be provided with a device housing  101  that may at least partially enclose one or more of the components of device  100  for protection from debris and other degrading forces external to device  100 . Device housing  101  may provide at least a portion of the cosmetic exterior of device  100  and may be made of any suitable material(s), including, but not limited to, glass, ceramic, metal, plastic, wood, and/or the like. In some embodiments, one or more of the components may be provided within its own device housing (e.g., input component  110  may be an independent keyboard or mouse within its own device housing that may wirelessly or through a wire communicate with processor  102 , which may be provided within its own device housing). In some embodiments, one or more components of electronic device  100  may be combined or omitted. Moreover, electronic device  100  may include other components not combined or included in  FIG. 1 . For example, device  100  may include any other suitable components or several instances of the components shown in  FIG. 1 . For the sake of simplicity, only one of each of the components is shown in  FIG. 1 . 
     Memory  104  may include one or more storage mediums, including for example, a hard-drive, flash memory, permanent memory such as read-only memory (“ROM”), semi-permanent memory such as random access memory (“RAM”), any other suitable type of storage component, or any combination thereof. Memory  104  may include cache memory, which may be one or more different types of memory used for temporarily storing data for electronic device applications. Memory  104  may store media data (e.g., music and image files), software (e.g., applications for implementing functions on device  100  (e.g., haptic synthesizer applications that may be configured to be used by a synthesizer engine generate and/or provide instructions or voltage waveforms for recreating a haptic atom or sequence of atoms, along with any effectors, to a haptic actuator, etc.)), firmware, preference information (e.g., media playback preferences), lifestyle information (e.g., food preferences), exercise information (e.g., information obtained by exercise monitoring equipment), transaction information (e.g., information such as credit card information), wireless connection information (e.g., information that may enable device  100  to establish a wireless connection with any other suitable device or server or other remote entity), subscription information (e.g., information that keeps track of podcasts or television shows or other media a user subscribes to), contact information (e.g., telephone numbers and e-mail addresses), calendar information, any other suitable data, or any combination thereof. 
     Communications component  106  may be provided to allow device  100  to communicate with one or more other electronic devices or servers or subsystems using any suitable communications protocol(s). For example, communications component  106  may support Wi-Fi (e.g., an 802.11 protocol), Ethernet, Bluetooth™, near field communication (“NFC”), radio-frequency identification (“RFID”), high frequency systems (e.g., 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, and 5.6 GHz communication systems), infrared, transmission control protocol/internet protocol (“TCP/IP”) (e.g., any of the protocols used in each of the TCP/IP layers), hypertext transfer protocol (“HTTP”), BitTorrent™, file transfer protocol (“FTP”), real-time transport protocol (“RTP”), real-time streaming protocol (“RTSP”), secure shell protocol (“SSH”), any other communications protocol, or any combination thereof. Communications component  106  may also include circuitry that can enable device  100  to be electrically coupled to another device or server or subsystem and communicate with that other device, either wirelessly or via a wired connection. 
     Power supply  108  may provide power to one or more of the components of device  100 . In some embodiments, power supply  108  can include one or more batteries for providing power (e.g., when device  100  is a portable device, such as a cellular telephone). In some embodiments, power supply  108  can be coupled to a power grid (e.g., for charging a portable battery and/or when device  100  is not a portable device, such as a desktop computer). As another example, power supply  108  can be configured to generate power from a natural source (e.g., solar power using solar cells). 
     One or more input components  110  may be provided to permit a user to interact or interface with device  100  and/or to sense certain information about the ambient environment. For example, input component  110  can take a variety of forms, including, but not limited to, a touch pad, trackpad, dial, click wheel, scroll wheel, touch screen, one or more buttons, a keyboard, push-button switch, rotary dial, mouse, joy stick, track ball, switch, photocell, force-sensing resistor (“FSR”), encoder (e.g., rotary encoder and/or shaft encoder that may convert an angular position or motion of a shaft or axle to an analog or digital code), microphone, camera, scanner (e.g., a barcode scanner or any other suitable scanner that may obtain product identifying information from a code, such as a linear barcode, a matrix barcode (e.g., a quick response (“QR”) code), or the like), proximity sensor (e.g., capacitive proximity sensor), biometric sensor (e.g., a fingerprint reader or other feature recognition sensor, which may operate in conjunction with a feature-processing application that may be accessible to electronic device  100  for authenticating or otherwise identifying or detecting a user), line-in connector for data and/or power, force sensor (e.g., any suitable capacitive sensors, pressure sensors, strain gauges, sensing plates (e.g., capacitive and/or strain sensing plates), etc.), temperature sensor (e.g., thermistor, thermocouple, thermometer, silicon bandgap temperature sensor, bimetal sensor, etc.) for detecting the temperature of a portion of electronic device  100  or an ambient environment thereof, a performance analyzer for detecting an application characteristic related to the current operation of one or more components of electronic device  100  (e.g., processor  102 ), motion sensor (e.g., single-axis or multi-axis accelerometers, angular rate or inertial sensors (e.g., optical gyroscopes, vibrating gyroscopes, gas rate gyroscopes, or ring gyroscopes), linear velocity sensors, and/or the like), magnetometer (e.g., scalar or vector magnetometer), pressure sensor, light sensor (e.g., ambient light sensor (“ALS”), infrared (“IR”) sensor, etc.), thermal sensor, acoustic sensor, sonic or sonar sensor, radar sensor, image sensor, video sensor, global positioning system (“GPS”) detector, radio frequency (“RF”) detector, RF or acoustic Doppler detector, RF triangulation detector, electrical charge sensor, peripheral device detector, event counter, and any combinations thereof. Each input component  110  can be configured to provide one or more dedicated control functions for making selections or issuing commands associated with operating device  100 . 
     Electronic device  100  may also include one or more output components  112  that may present information (e.g., graphical, audible, and/or tactile information) to a user of device  100 . An output component of electronic device  100  may take various forms, including, but not limited to, audio speakers, headphones, data and/or power line-outs, visual displays (e.g., for transmitting data via visible light and/or via invisible light), antennas, infrared ports, flashes (e.g., light sources for providing artificial light for illuminating an environment of the device), tactile/haptic/taptic outputs (e.g., rumblers, vibrators, haptic actuators, any suitable components that are operative to provide tactile sensations in the form of vibrations and/or the like, etc.), and any combinations thereof. 
     It should be noted that one or more input components  110  and one or more output components  112  may sometimes be referred to collectively herein as an input/output (“I/O”) component or I/O interface  111 . For example, a touch sensor type of input component  110  and display type of output component  112  may sometimes be a single I/O component  111 , such as a touch screen, that may receive input information through a user&#39;s touch of a display screen and that may also provide visual information to a user via that same display screen. 
     Processor  102  of device  100  may include any processing circuitry operative to control the operations and performance of one or more components of electronic device  100 . For example, processor  102  may be used to run one or more applications, such as an application  103 . Application  103  may include, but is not limited to, one or more operating system applications, firmware applications, and/or software applications, such as haptic synthesizer applications that may be configured to be used by a synthesizer engine or any suitable module to generate and/or provide instructions or voltage waveforms for recreating a haptic atom or sequence of atoms, along with any effectors, for use by a haptic output component (e.g., a haptic actuator), media playback applications, media editing applications, pass applications, calendar applications, state determination applications (e.g., device state determination applications), biometric feature-processing applications, compass applications, health applications, thermometer applications, weather applications, thermal management applications, force sensing applications, device diagnostic applications, video game applications, or any other suitable applications. For example, processor  102  may load application  103  as a user interface program or any other suitable program to determine how instructions or data received via any suitable one or more input components  110  (e.g., due to user interaction with a mechanical button and/or motion sensor, etc.) and/or any other component of device  100  (e.g., application data indicative of any suitable event (e.g., a calendar event) and/or remote data that may be received via communications component  106 , etc.) may manipulate the one or more ways in which information may be stored on device  100  (e.g., in memory  104 ) and/or provided to a user via an output component  112  (e.g., via a haptic actuator output component) and/or communicated to a remote subsystem (e.g., to any other electronic device or remote server or the like via communications component  106 ). Application  103  may be accessed by processor  102  from any suitable source, such as from memory  104  (e.g., via bus  114 ) or from another device or server (e.g., via communications component  106 ). Processor  102  may include a single processor or multiple processors. For example, processor  102  may include at least one “general purpose” microprocessor, a combination of general and special purpose microprocessors, instruction set processors, graphics processors, video processors, and/or related chips sets, and/or special purpose microprocessors. Processor  102  also may include on board memory for caching purposes. Processor  102  may be implemented as any electronic device capable of processing, receiving, or transmitting data or instructions. For example, process  102  can be a microprocessor, a central processing unit, an application-specific integrated circuit, a field-programmable gate array, a digital signal processor, an analog circuit, a digital circuit, or combination of such devices. Processor  102  may be a single-thread or multi-thread processor. Processor  102  may be a single-core or multi-core processor. Accordingly, as described herein, the term “processor” may refer to a hardware-implemented data processing device or circuit physically structured to execute specific transformations of data including data operations represented as code and/or instructions included in a program that can be stored within and accessed from a memory. The term is meant to encompass a single processor or processing unit, multiple processors, multiple processing units, analog or digital circuits, or other suitably configured computing element or combination of elements. Processor or processing unit or controller  102  may be configured to access memory  104 , which may have various instructions, computer programs or other data stored thereon. The instructions or computer programs may be configured to perform one or more of the operations or functions described with respect to the electronic device  100 . For example, the instructions may be configured to control or coordinate the operation of one or more input components  110 , one or more output components  112 , one or more communications components  106 , one or more power supplies  108 , and/or any other suitable component(s) of device  100 . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 2-11 , for example, an electronic device  200  may be operative to provide multiple modes of haptic feedback, where device  200  may be configured as an electronic device (e.g., a wearable electronic device) with an I/O component (e.g., a touch screen I/O component), two different input components, and a haptic actuator output component, each of which may be at least partially provided within a device housing (e.g., a housing that may be worn by a user (e.g., on a user&#39;s wrist as a smart watch)). Device  200  may include any suitable control circuitry or processor  202 , which may be similar to any suitable processor  102  of device  100 , application  203 , which may be similar to any suitable application  103  of device  100 , memory (not shown), which may be similar to any suitable memory  104  of device  100 , communications component (not shown), which may be similar to any suitable communications component  106  of device  100 , power supply (not shown), which may be similar to any suitable power supply  108  of device  100 , at least one input component  210 , which may be similar to any suitable input component  110  of device  100  (e.g., one input component  210  as a first input component  230  and another input component  210  as a second input component  240 ), at least one output component  212 , which may be similar to any suitable input component  110  of device  100  (e.g., output component  212  as a haptic actuator output component  250 ), I/O component  211 , which may be similar to any suitable I/O component  111  of device  100  (e.g., I/O component  211  as a touch screen I/O component  220 ), one or more busses  214 , which may be similar to any suitable bus  114  of device  100 , and/or housing  201 , which may be similar to any suitable housing  101  of device  100 . Housing  201  may be any suitable shape and may include any suitable number of walls, which may define an internal housing space  209  within which one or more other device components may be at least partially positioned. In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 3 , for example, housing  201  may be of a generally hexahedral shape and may include a top wall  201   t , a bottom wall  201   b  that may be opposite top wall  201   t , a left wall  201   l , a right wall  201   r  that may be opposite left wall  201   l , a front wall  201   f , and a back wall  201   k  that may be opposite front wall  201   f , where at least a portion of I/O component  211  may be at least partially exposed to the external environment via a housing opening through front wall  201   f , where at least a portion of input component  230  may be at least partially exposed to the external environment via a housing opening  201   oa  through right wall  201   r , and where at least a portion of input component  240  may be at least partially exposed to the external environment via a housing opening  201   ob  through right wall  201   r  (or via a housing opening through left wall  201   l  or the like). In some embodiments, one or more components of device  200  may be combined or omitted. Moreover, device  200  may include other components not combined or included in  FIGS. 2-11 . For example, device  200  may include any other suitable components or several instances of the components shown in  FIG. 1  or only some but not all of the components shown in  FIGS. 2-11 . For the sake of simplicity, only one of each of the components is shown in  FIGS. 2-11 . While device  200  may illustratively be a smart watch (e.g., a wearable mobile wireless communications device (e.g., an Apple Watch™)) that may include a band or strap  213  for securing housing  201  to a user, it is to be understood that device  200  may be any other type of electronic device, for example, a cellular telephone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, any suitable wearable device, and/or the like (e.g., as described with respect to device  100 ). In some embodiments, each one of first and second input components  230  and  240  may be configured to be finger-operated user input devices, such as may be illustratively in the form of a rotary dial input component  230  (e.g., a digital crown) and a pushbutton switch input component  240 , which may be communicatively coupled to processor  202  via one or more busses  214 . Each input component may cooperate with processor  202  to perform one or more device functions in response to operation thereof. For example, a device function may include a powering on or off of electronic device  200 , initiating communication via a wireless communications component of device  200 , and/or performing a menu function of a user interface application that may be running on device  200 . Haptic actuator output component  250  may be communicatively coupled to processor  202  via one or more busses  214  and may be operative to provide haptic feedback to the user (e.g., in the form of various vibrations or “taps” (e.g., particularly when the user is wearing device  200 )). As just one example, provided haptic feedback may be indicative of a message received, and the duration of the feedback may be indicative of the type of message received. Of course, the haptic feedback may be indicative of or convey any other suitable types of information. Processor  202  may be configured to apply a voltage or any other suitable signal(s) to move a moveable body or masses between first and second positions along one or more axes. For example, processor  202  or any other component(s) of the device may provide or include a class-D amplifier to drive haptic actuator output component  250  and/or sensors for sensing voltage and/or current (see, e.g.,  FIG. 13 ). 
     As shown in  FIG. 4 , for example, haptic actuator  250  may include an actuator housing  251 , which may illustratively have a dimension in a length direction greater than a dimension in a width direction. Actuator housing  251  (e.g., a stator) may be provided by any suitable material(s) and may be provided by any suitable structure(s) (e.g., ferritic structure(s) for supporting the ability of haptic actuator  250  to generate haptic feedback). Haptic actuator  250  may include one or more coils, such as first and second coils  254  and  255 , which may be carried by actuator housing  251 , for example, by the top and the bottom of housing  251 , respectively. The first and second coils  254  and  255  may each have a loop shape or “racetrack” shape and may be aligned in a stacked relation and spaced apart. Haptic actuator  250  may also include a field member  260  that may be carried by actuator housing  251 . Field member  260 , similarly to actuator housing  250 , may have a dimension in a length direction greater than a dimension in a width direction. Thus, field member  260  may be reciprocally movable in the width direction (e.g., the y-direction). While the movement of field member  260  may be described as being moveable in one direction (e.g., a linear haptic actuator), it should be understood that in some embodiments, the field member may be movable in other directions (e.g., an angular haptic actuator), or may be a combination of both a linear and an angular haptic actuator. 
     Field member  260  may include one or more magnets (e.g., permanent magnets). For example, as shown, field member  260  may illustratively include permanent magnets  261  and  262  between first and second coils  254  and  255 . Magnets  261  and  262  may be neodymium or any other suitable material, for example, and may be positioned in opposing directions with respect to their respective poles. Magnets  261  and  262  may have a rectangular shape and may be aligned along a length of first and second coils  254  and  255 . While a pair of rectangular shaped permanent magnets may be illustrated, it will be appreciated that there may be any number of permanent magnets having any shape between first and second coils  254  and  255 . Field member  260  may also include a mass  257  between magnets  261  and  262 . Mass  257  may be tungsten or any suitable different material(s) and may be more than one mass. Haptic actuator  250  may also include respective mass flexures or flexure bearings  265   a  and  265   b  that may mount first and second sides of field member  260  to be reciprocally movable within actuator housing  251  responsive to first and second coils  254  and  255 . For example, flexure bearings  265   a  and  265   b  may be operative to mount respective sides of field member  260  to be reciprocally movable within actuator housing  251  responsive to coils  254  and  255 . More particularly, flexure bearings  265   a  and  265   b  may move or flex in the direction of field member  260  and return it to an equilibrium position. As just one example, overall flexure or movement of each one of flexure bearings  265   a  and  265   b  may be about 1/10 th  of the length of the flexure bearing. For example, flexure bearings  265   a  and  265   b  may be operative to provide a suspension system that may include one or more springs for maintaining field member  260  suspended in housing  251 . The springs may include mechanical springs, such as, for example, coil springs, leaf springs, and flexures. The springs may also or additionally include magnetic springs that, through interaction with the permanent magnets and/or ferritic parts of housing  251 , if any, may store and amplify the energy in the form of elastic/magnetic energy. In addition, the suspension system, for example, through shafts, linear/angular bearings, sliding bearings, flexures, multi-bar linkage mechanisms, and springs, may enable motion of the field member  260  in the desired direction (e.g., along an axis in a linear actuator or around a certain axis in an angular actuator) while constraining motion in other degrees of freedom. The suspension system may include other and/or additional components for maintaining the suspension of the field member  260  as well as constrain movement of the field member. Haptic actuator  250  may also include mechanical limit stops  267   a  and  267   b  between housing  251  and field member  260 , where mechanical limit stops  267   a  and  267   b  may be operative to limit the movement of field member  260  to a desired range and/or to stop field member  260  from crashing or banging into housing  251 . While mechanical stops  267   a  and  267   b  are described, it will be appreciated that the mechanical stops may be part of or a portion of housing  251 . In other embodiments (not shown), the haptic actuator may include a permanent magnet carried by the actuator housing, and the field member may include one or more coils that cooperate with the permanent magnet. In other words, in contrast to the embodiment described above with respect to  FIG. 4 , the permanent magnet may be stationary (e.g., carried by the actuator housing) and the coils, as part of the field member, may be moving (e.g., connected to the mass). Of course, there may be any number of coils and/or permanent magnets. 
     Generally, haptic outputs may be used to notify, alert or otherwise gain the attention of a person or a user. For example, haptic actuator  250  of wearable device  200  may be operative to move or shake device  200 , such that the person wearing device  200  has his or her attention drawn to it. Example electronic devices may be physically coupled to a haptic actuator that is operative to produce a haptic/tactile output. Generally, a haptic actuator may produce relative motion between two parts of the electronic device. More specifically, haptic actuator  250  may include internal mass(es)  257  that may be operative to move with respect to a mass of electronic device  200 . For example, haptic actuator  250  may be operative to react to an actuator input waveform IWF (e.g., as may be provided by processor  202  (e.g., via one or more busses  214 ) (e.g., as shown in  FIG. 2 )) to create forces that may move the internal mass relative to the electronic device. These forces may impart kinetic energy to the electronic device, thereby inducing motion in the device. This device motion may be represented by a device output waveform. This device motion may be felt by a person wearing, holding, or interacting with the device. 
     The terms “haptic” and “tactile” are used herein. It should be understood that, although haptic may sometimes refer to a sense or perception of force and tactile may sometimes refer to a sense or perception of touch, the two terms may be used herein in a substantially interchangeable manner and each term is intended to encompass the other. Thus, a haptic output may encompass a tactile output and a tactile output may encompass a haptic output. Certain embodiments may employ unique and distinct haptic waveforms (e.g., “atoms”) to provide haptic alerts to a user. More specifically, an atom may correspond to a drive signal that may include a voltage, a voltage value, a current, or any other suitable electrical input that may be configured to control an actuator. In some embodiments, once the atom has been played by the actuator, the actuator may return to its nominal position. These atoms may be combined in a variety of forms and ways to create different haptic patterns. The atoms may be thought of as letters of a haptic language. Each atom may represent a base building block or a base haptic pattern or waveform of the haptic language. Accordingly, the combination of different atoms results in different words and/or phrases in the haptic language. As the various atoms are combined in different patterns, the alerts of the haptic language may become more advanced. As a result, different “words” or “phrases” of the haptic language may be associated with, for example, various alert events or notifications. The various atoms may be chosen from a predefined or prearranged library of atoms. The atoms in the library may also be freely combined with one another. In some implementations, different combinations of atoms may be cycled or otherwise repeated at a given frequency or over a certain duration of time. For example, a first atom or combination of atoms may be played 10 times at certain intervals. This cycle may then be repeated for a specified number of times and/or for specified duration. As a user of the electronic device becomes familiar with the haptic language, the user may be able to understand what event notifications or alerts are being received based, for example, solely or in part on the haptic output provided by the haptic language. Further, a user (or developer) may be able to program or create a customized haptic language specific or otherwise tailored to the needs of the user, a program, an application and the like. Audio and/or acoustic output may also be provided as part of, or in addition to, a haptic waveform of an alert. Addition of the audio output may further enhance the haptic language and/or enable further customization of alerts. Accordingly, alerts may be generated for any suitable purpose, including, but not limited to, upon receipt of data by the electronic device from an external source (e.g., text messages, emails, phone calls, warning systems, and the like), by an application (e.g., to indicate that a user input is requested), by an input component (e.g., when a suitable user input is detected by any input component of the device), upon reaching a certain time (e.g., a time at which a calendar entry occurs), by an operational state of the electronic device (e.g., a low battery charge, an upgrade to the operating system of the electronic device, the temperature of the electronic device reaching a certain point and so on), through a user-initiated setting (e.g., an alarm set to occur at a certain time), due to geographic factors (e.g., entering or exiting a certain area), proximity to another person and/or another electronic device, and/or the like. Basic atoms may correspond to simple alerts while more complex combinations of atoms may correspond to more intricate alerts. Various alerts may be provided for a variety of operations of an electronic device, information received by an electronic device, information displayed by an electronic device, interactions with a graphical user interface of an electronic device, acknowledgement of user inputs, and so on, collectively referred to as “alert events” or “alert conditions”. Moreover, different haptic alerts may be provided by different portions of electronic device  200  for enabling device  200  to provide multi-modal haptic feedback. For example, a majority of a first haptic alert may be provided generally by housing  201  of device  200  (e.g., as may be felt generally by a user&#39;s wrist when wearing housing  201  of device  200  using strap  213 ) while a majority of a second haptic alert may be provided by first input component  230  of device  200  (e.g., as may be felt generally by a user&#39;s finger when interacting with (e.g., touching) first input component  230 ). 
     Generally, three different waveforms may be involved in or associated with any given atom. First, an input waveform IWF (e.g., as shown in  FIG. 2 ) may be provided to the haptic actuator (e.g., as one or more signals from processor  202 ). Next, the actuator may move in response to the input waveform, thereby generating an actuator waveform AWF (e.g., as shown in  FIG. 2 ). Third, the motion of the haptic actuator (or of a mass of the haptic actuator or of the housing of the haptic actuator) may produce a motion or perceptually distinct motions of the electronic device via one or more distinct coupling mechanisms that may be coupling the haptic actuator and one or more respective portions of device  200 , which may be expressed as a device waveform or perceptually distinct device waveforms DWFs. For example, as shown in  FIG. 2 , a particular haptic actuator waveform AWF of haptic actuator output component  250  may produce a first device waveform DWF 1  at first input component  230  via a first haptic-input coupling mechanism  235  that may physically couple haptic actuator output component  250  to first input component  230 , a second device waveform DWF 2  at second input component  240  via a second haptic-input coupling mechanism  245  that may physically couple haptic actuator output component  250  to second input component  240 , a third device waveform DWF 3  at least at a first housing coupling location  201   cl   1  of device housing  201  via a first haptic-housing coupling mechanism  275  that may physically couple haptic actuator output component  250  to first housing coupling location  201   cl   1 , and a fourth device waveform DWF 4  at least at a second coupling location  201   cl   2  of device housing  201  via a second haptic-housing coupling mechanism  285  that may physically couple haptic actuator output component  250  to second housing coupling location  201   cl   2 . Differences between such various haptic coupling mechanisms and differences between such various portions of device  200  to which such various haptic coupling mechanisms couple haptic actuator output component  250  may be configured to at least partially dictate variations between such device waveforms for a particular actuator waveform, such that differences between different device waveforms for a particular actuator waveform may enable device  200  to provide multi-modal haptic feedback. It should be appreciated that a device waveform may have an amplitude or an intensity that is different from the amplitude or the intensity of the actuator waveform due to the mass of the device when compared to the mass of the actuator. Further, a device waveform may have a displacement direction that is opposite from the displacement direction of the actuator waveform because the motion of the actuator/mass may cause an opposing motion of the device. Further, the term “output waveform” or “output atom” as used herein, may encompass both actuator waveforms and device waveforms. In some embodiments, a device waveform (or device output waveform) may be substantially identical to an actuator waveform except that its amplitude or intensity may be a percentage of the amplitude or intensity of the actuator waveform, insofar as the device has greater mass than the actuator (or a moving part of the actuator). Generally, “parameters” of a waveform may be those characteristics of a waveform that are measurable and variable. Thought of another way, varying a parameter of a waveform may vary a haptic output of an electronic device. Typically, although not necessarily, a waveform (be it input waveform, actuator waveform, or device waveform) may be described and shown on a graph of any two parameters, where each parameter may correspond to an axis of the graph. Certain parameters may be more useful than others in describing certain waveforms. In some embodiments, these parameters may include, but are not limited to, displacement, frequency, expected motion, shape of the waveform, an envelope associated with the waveform, velocity, intensity or amplitude, zero crossings, force, time, mass of the actuator, mass of an electronic device and/or a housing of the electronic device, number of cycles, momentum of the actuator or the electronic device, and/or the like. Each of these parameters may be viewed with respect to other parameters set forth above and various other parameters. In some embodiments, an intensity of a waveform may include or be associated with an amplitude of a waveform. Thus, the higher the intensity of a particular haptic output or output waveform, the higher the amplitude of the waveform. For example, displacement and velocity may be described with respect to time. Further, insofar as momentum is equal to mass times velocity, a waveform of any graph showing velocity vs. time may also illustrate a scaled version of momentum vs. time, insofar as the masses of the moving parts of the actuator or housing are time-invariant. Likewise, force may be described with respect to mass. In yet other examples, the shape of the atom may include characteristics of a waveform such as, for example, whether the waveform is a square wave, a sinusoidal wave and so on. As shown in  FIG. 12 , for example, a graph  1200  may show expected motion (e.g., |X(s)/F(s)| (e.g., meters per Newton)) for each one of an actuator waveform AWF, device waveform DWF 1 , and device waveform DWF 3  vs. frequency (e.g., Hertz). 
     In certain embodiments, the haptic actuators disclosed herein may be tuned or calibrated to provide a consistent feel between various devices and/or different users. More specifically, the electronic device and/or the haptic actuator of the electronic device may be calibrated based on values of parameters that are specific to the electronic device. This may include size of any component(s) of the electronic device, the material(s) of any component(s) (e.g., housing, input component(s), etc.) of the electronic device, differences in tolerances of the various components of the electronic device, expected user force(s) to be applied to any component(s) (e.g., input component interface) of the electronic device during use, and so on. For example, a housing of the electronic device may be available in different sizes. Accordingly, a drive period, a brake period, and/or an audio output may be tuned or calibrated based on the shape and/or size of the housing. In other examples, a duration of a drive period of an input waveform to a haptic actuator output component may be tuned based on (e.g., approximately to match) a resonant or resonance frequency (e.g., resonance frequency and/or a quality factor) of the haptic actuator and/or any other component(s) (e.g., coupling mechanism) present in the electronic device. In still yet other embodiments, the atoms and/or the different periods of the atoms may be tuned to different housings or other components (e.g., input components) of an electronic device. In other implementations, audio output and haptic output may be tuned or otherwise calibrated based on user and/or manufacturer preferences. For example, the intensity of a vibratory and/or audio output may be set by a user via an operating system on the device. The haptic output and the audio output may also be calibrated or tuned based on the material of the housing. For example, the audio output and haptic output may be customized or calibrated in a first manner if the housing is made of or plated with a precious metal (e.g., gold or silver) and customized or calibrated in a second manner if the housing is made of or plated with a second material (e.g., stainless steel or aluminum). Calibration of the haptic actuator may also be based on an operating temperature of the device and/or an overall temperature under which the electronic device is operating. Accordingly, the atoms, and the haptic output caused by the atoms, may be adjusted based on the temperature. In certain other embodiments, the haptic actuator may be calibrated or tuned based on the wear of the haptic actuator. For example, the atom and the haptic output may be adjusted over the life of the electronic device. In other implementations, different types of device waveforms may be tuned or otherwise calibrated based on user and/or manufacturer preferences. For example, the intensity of different device waveforms (e.g., the intensity of device waveform DWF 1  and the intensity of device waveform DWF 3 ) may each be set by a user via an operating system on the device or by a manufacturer (e.g., through configuration of coupling mechanisms  235  and  275  and/or through selection of specific actuator waveforms). The haptic outputs may also be calibrated or tuned based on the material of the housing and/or the material of the input component and/or the material of different coupling mechanisms. 
     While haptic actuator  250  of  FIG. 4  may be described as a linear resonant type actuator that may oscillate a spring-mass-damper (e.g., at its resonance frequency), embodiments described herein may also be used with any other suitable type of haptic actuator output component, such as an eccentric rotating mass actuator that may create similar haptic output by spinning an off-center mass. In such embodiments, one full cycle of revolution of the rotating mass may be equivalent to one period of the linear actuator. In yet other embodiments, the actuator may be piezoelectric actuators, shape memory alloys, electroactive polymers, thermal actuators, and/or the like. Moreover, although a wrist wearable electronic device is specifically mentioned and shown with respect to various illustrated embodiments, the embodiments disclosed herein may be used with any number of electronic devices. For example, electronic device  100  and/or  200  may be a mobile telephone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or other portable electronic device, a time keeping device, a pair of computerized glasses, a navigation device, a sports device, a portable music player, a health device, a medical device and the like. 
     Haptic actuator  250  may be physically coupled to device housing  201  of device  200  via one or more haptic-housing coupling mechanisms (e.g., one or more of haptic-housing coupling mechanisms  275  and  285 ), such that motion of mass(es)  257  (e.g., actuator waveform(s)) within haptic actuator housing  251  of haptic actuator  250  (e.g., due to application of input waveforms (e.g., currents) on haptic actuator  250  that may be used to control or otherwise limit oscillation of the actuator mass (e.g., especially when the actuator mass is at or near resonance frequency) and/or to maintain a resonance frequency of the actuator mass) may be transferred to haptic actuator housing  251  and through one or more of the haptic-housing coupling mechanisms to device housing  201  of wearable electronic device  200  (e.g., as device waveform(s)). In this manner, the motion of the actuator mass may create a perceived stimulus at device housing  201  and/or any other portion of device  200  with which a user may interface (e.g., a user input component). In certain embodiments, the motion may be selective or otherwise concentrated in that it substantially affects only housing  201  or only any other certain component of electronic device  200 . In another embodiment, the motion may broadly affect device  200  as a whole. In either event, haptic actuator  250  may produce one or more device waveforms that may provide any suitable tactile output that may be used as an alert or notification or any other suitable conveyance of information to the user. 
     A single actuator waveform generated from single haptic actuator output component  250  of device  200  may produce different device waveforms at different portions of device  200 , and different haptic-device coupling mechanisms (e.g., different haptic-housing coupling mechanisms and/or different haptic-input coupling mechanisms) coupling the single haptic actuator output component  250  to the respective different portions of device  200  (e.g., different device housing portions and/or different device input components) may be used to dictate, at least partially, a relationship between a particular actuator waveform and the different device waveforms produced therefrom at the respective different portions of device  200 . By providing or configuring different haptic-device coupling mechanisms with different respective response characteristics or responses (e.g., different compliances and/or pliabilities and/or flexibilities and/or stiffnesses and/or deformation resistances and/or resonance frequencies, etc.) for the respective physical couplings provided between single haptic actuator output component  250  of device  200  and the respective different portions of device  200 , those differing responses may be used to define different cutoffs for different parameter ranges for the waveforms that may enable single haptic actuator output component  250  to provide multi-modal haptic feedback. For example, any haptic actuator waveform AWF of haptic actuator output component  250  may produce one, some, or each one of first device waveform DWF 1  at first input component  230  via first haptic-input coupling mechanism  235  that may physically couple haptic actuator output component  250  to first input component  230 , second device waveform DWF 2  at second input component  240  via second haptic-input coupling mechanism  245  that may physically couple haptic actuator output component  250  to second input component  240 , third device waveform DWF 3  at least at first housing coupling location  201   cl   1  of device housing  201  via first haptic-housing coupling mechanism  275  that may physically couple haptic actuator output component  250  to first housing coupling location  201   cl   1 , and fourth device waveform DWF 4  at least at second coupling location  201   cl   2  of device housing  201  via second haptic-housing coupling mechanism  285  that may physically couple haptic actuator output component  250  to second housing coupling location  201   cl   2 . 
     First haptic-input coupling mechanism  235  may be any suitable mechanism or combination of mechanisms that may physically couple any suitable portion(s) of haptic actuator output component  250  (e.g., at least one portion of haptic actuator housing  251 ) to any suitable portion(s) of input component  230  (e.g., at least one portion of input component  230  that is positioned within internal housing space  209  of device housing  201 ) with any first haptic-input response characteristic(s) (e.g., response characteristic(s) for an applied force for a degree or degrees of freedom) but that may not physically couple such portion(s) of haptic actuator output component  250  to any portion of device housing  201  itself (e.g., the portion(s) of input component  230  that may be coupled to haptic actuator output component  250  via haptic-input coupling mechanism  235  may not be physically coupled to device housing  201  but may move with respect to device housing  201  (e.g., via housing opening  201   oa ), where such movement may be caused by a user external to the device interfacing with input component  230  and/or by haptic actuator output component  250  (e.g., via haptic-input coupling mechanism  235 )). In some embodiments, one, some, or each element of first haptic-input coupling mechanism  235  may be distinct from haptic actuator output component  250  and/or may be distinct from first input component  230  (e.g., first haptic-input coupling mechanism  235  may be a glue or welding material or the like that physically couples a portion of haptic actuator output component  250  to a portion of first input component  230 ). Alternatively, in some embodiments, one, some, or each element of first haptic-input coupling mechanism  235  may be an element of haptic actuator output component  250  and/or may be an element of first input component  230  (e.g., a first element of first haptic-input coupling mechanism  235  may be a female screw thread provided in a passageway through a component (e.g., housing  251 ) of haptic actuator output component  250 , a second element of first haptic-input coupling mechanism  235  may be an opening provided through a component (e.g., button) of first input component  230 , and a third element of first haptic-input coupling mechanism  235  may be a male screw thread provided about a shaft that may be screwed through the female screw thread of haptic actuator output component  250  and through the opening in the component of first input component  230  for physically coupling haptic actuator output component  250  to first input component  230 ). 
     Second haptic-input coupling mechanism  245  may be any suitable mechanism or combination of mechanisms that may physically couple any suitable portion(s) of haptic actuator output component  250  (e.g., at least one portion of haptic actuator housing  251 ) to any suitable portion(s) of input component  240  (e.g., at least one portion of input component  240  that is positioned within internal housing space  209  of device housing  201 ) with any second haptic-input response characteristic(s), but that may not couple such portion(s) of haptic actuator output component  250  to any portion of device housing  201  itself (e.g., the portion(s) of input component  240  coupled to haptic actuator output component  250  via haptic-input coupling mechanism  245  may not be physically coupled to device housing  201  but may move with respect to device housing  201  (e.g., via housing opening  201   ob ), where such movement may be caused by a user external to the device interfacing with input component  240  and/or by haptic actuator output component  250  (e.g., via haptic-input coupling mechanism  245 )). In some embodiments, one, some, or each element of second haptic-input coupling mechanism  245  may be distinct from haptic actuator output component  250  and/or may be distinct from second input component  240 . Alternatively, in some embodiments, one, some, or each element of second haptic-input coupling mechanism  245  may be an element of haptic actuator output component  250  and/or may be an element of second input component  240 . 
     First haptic-housing coupling mechanism  275  may be any suitable mechanism or combination of mechanisms that may physically couple any suitable portion(s) of haptic actuator output component  250  (e.g., at least one portion of haptic actuator housing  251 ) to any suitable portion(s) of device housing  201  (e.g., at least at a portion of an interior surface  201   i  of device housing  201  at first housing coupling location  201   cl   1 ) with any first haptic-housing response characteristic(s). In some embodiments, one, some, or each element of first haptic-housing coupling mechanism  275  may be distinct from haptic actuator output component  250  and/or may be distinct from device housing  201  (e.g., first haptic-housing coupling mechanism  275  may be a glue or welding material or the like that physically couples a portion of haptic actuator output component  250  to a portion of device housing  201 ). Alternatively, in some embodiments, one, some, or each element of first haptic-housing coupling mechanism  275  may be an element of haptic actuator output component  250  and/or may be an element of device housing  201  (e.g., a first element of first haptic-housing coupling mechanism  275  may be a female screw thread provided in a passageway through a component (e.g., housing  251 ) of haptic actuator output component  250 , a second element of first haptic-housing coupling mechanism  275  may be an opening provided through a component (e.g., tab) of device housing  201 , and a third element of first haptic-housing coupling mechanism  275  may be a male screw threaded provided about a screw shaft that may be screwed into the female screw thread of haptic actuator output component  250  and through the opening in the component of device housing  201  for physically coupling haptic actuator output component  250  to device housing  201 ). 
     Second haptic-housing coupling mechanism  285  may be any suitable mechanism or combination of mechanisms that may physically couple any suitable portion(s) of haptic actuator output component  250  (e.g., at least one portion of haptic actuator housing  251 ) to any suitable portion(s) of device housing  201  (e.g., at least at a portion of an interior surface  201   i  of device housing  201  at second housing coupling location  201   cl   2 ) with any second haptic-housing response characteristic(s). In some embodiments, one, some, or each element of second haptic-housing coupling mechanism  285  may be distinct from haptic actuator output component  250  and/or may be distinct from device housing  201 . Alternatively, in some embodiments, one, some, or each element of second haptic-housing coupling mechanism  285  may be an element of haptic actuator output component  250  and/or may be an element of device housing  201 . 
     Differences between any suitable response characteristic(s) of various haptic coupling mechanisms and/or differences between the various portions of device  200  to which such various haptic coupling mechanisms may couple haptic actuator output component  250  may be configured to at least partially dictate variations between different device waveforms that may be produced by a particular actuator waveform, such that differences between different device waveforms produced by a particular actuator waveform may enable device  200  to provide multi-modal haptic feedback (e.g., to provide different haptic alerts at different portions of device  200 ). For example, differences between any suitable compliance characteristic(s) of haptic-input coupling mechanism  235  and any suitable compliance characteristic(s) of haptic-housing coupling mechanism  275  may be configured not only (1) to enable at least one particular parameter (e.g., displacement or movement) of each one of device waveform DWF 1  and device waveform DWF 3  to differ from one another by no more than any suitable first threshold (e.g., the movement of device waveform DWF 1  is less than or equal to 1.5 times (or any other suitable magnitude of) the movement of device waveform DWF 3 ) when those device waveforms are produced by a first particular actuator waveform AWF or by any one of a first particular type of actuator waveform AWF (e.g., a first actuator waveform AWF with a frequency parameter within a first range of frequencies) but also (2) to enable at least one particular parameter (e.g., displacement or movement) of each one of device waveform DWF 1  and device waveform DWF 3  to differ from one another by more than any suitable second threshold (e.g., the movement of device waveform DWF 1  is more than or equal to 10 times (or any other suitable magnitude of) the movement of device waveform DWF 3 ) when those device waveforms are produced by a second particular actuator waveform AWF or by any one of a second particular type of actuator waveform AWF (e.g., a second actuator waveform AWF with a frequency parameter within a second range of frequencies). As another example, differences between any suitable resonance frequency characteristic(s) (e.g., the fundamental frequency) of haptic-input coupling mechanism  235  and any suitable resonance frequency characteristic(s) (e.g., the fundamental frequency) of haptic-housing coupling mechanism  275  (e.g., as compared to one another and/or as compared to any suitable resonance frequency characteristic(s) (e.g., the fundamental frequency) of haptic actuator output component  250 ) may be configured not only (1) to enable at least one particular parameter (e.g., displacement or movement) of each one of device waveform DWF 1  and device waveform DWF 3  to differ from one another by no more than any suitable first threshold (e.g., the movement of device waveform DWF 1  is within a certain first magnitude (e.g., a factor of 1.5) of the movement of device waveform DWF 3 ) when those device waveforms are produced by a first particular actuator waveform AWF or by any one of a first particular type of actuator waveform AWF (e.g., a first actuator waveform AWF with a frequency parameter within a first range of frequencies) but also (2) to enable at least one particular parameter (e.g., displacement or movement) of each one of device waveform DWF 1  and device waveform DWF 3  to differ from one another by more than any suitable second threshold (e.g., the movement of device waveform DWF 1  is greater than the movement of device waveform DWF 3  by at least a second magnitude (e.g., a factor of 10)) when those device waveforms are produced by a second particular actuator waveform AWF or by any one of a second particular type of actuator waveform AWF (e.g., a second actuator waveform AWF with a frequency parameter within a second range of frequencies). Such a configuration may be operative to enable device  200  to provide not only a first type of haptic alert (e.g., a perception that each one of device housing  201  at portion  201   cl   1  and input component  230  are being moved by the same or similar device waveforms (e.g., the entirety of device  200  is providing substantially the same haptic feedback)) when haptic actuator output component  250  is generating a first actuator waveform AWF with a frequency parameter within a first range of frequencies, but also a second type of haptic alert (e.g., a perception that input component  230  is being moved by a more powerful device waveform than device housing  201  at portion  201   cl   1  (e.g., input component  230  is providing a localized haptic feedback that is distinguishable from any haptic feedback being provided by device housing  201 )) when haptic actuator output component  250  is generating a second actuator waveform AWF with a frequency parameter within a second range of frequencies (e.g., one or more parameters of an AWF may be selected or adjusted by making an appropriate selection or adjustment to an IWF provided to the haptic actuator (e.g., by an appropriate application  103  or  203 )). As just one particular example, as shown by graph  1200  of  FIG. 12 , device  200  may be configured to provide a first haptic alert HA 1  when haptic actuator output component  250  is providing an actuator waveform AWF with a frequency parameter within a first range of frequencies that may be defined to extend between a minimum frequency parameter value HA 1   n  and a maximum frequency parameter value HA 1   x  (e.g., a range within which the movement of device waveform DWF 1  produced by actuator waveform AWF is less than or equal to any suitable first haptic threshold magnitude of (e.g., 1.5 times (or any other suitable magnitude of)) the movement of device waveform DWF 3  produced by actuator waveform AWF), and device  200  may also be configured to provide a second haptic alert HA 2  when haptic actuator output component  250  is providing an actuator waveform AWF with a frequency parameter within a second range of frequencies that may be defined to extend between a minimum frequency parameter value HA 2   n  and a maximum frequency parameter value HA 2   x  (e.g., a range within which the movement of device waveform DWF 1  produced by actuator waveform AWF is at least greater than any suitable second haptic threshold magnitude of (e.g., 10 times (or any other suitable magnitude of)) the movement of device waveform DWF 3  produced by actuator waveform AWF). Such minimum and maximum parameter values HA 1   n , HA 1   x , HA 2   n , and HA 2   x  may be dependent not only on the value of each one of the first and second haptic threshold magnitudes (e.g., as may be defined by a manufacturer of device  200  and/or by a user for providing a desired haptic feedback experience), but also on (1) any suitable differences between any suitable compliance characteristic(s) of haptic-input coupling mechanism  235  and any suitable compliance characteristic(s) of haptic-housing coupling mechanism  275  and/or (2) any suitable differences between any suitable resonance frequency characteristic(s) (e.g., the fundamental frequency) of haptic-input coupling mechanism  235  and any suitable resonance frequency characteristic(s) (e.g., the fundamental frequency) of haptic-housing coupling mechanism  275  (e.g., as compared to one another and/or as compared to any suitable resonance frequency characteristic(s) (e.g., the fundamental frequency) of haptic actuator output component  250 ). 
     Any suitable differences between any suitable response characteristic(s) (e.g., compliance characteristic(s) and/or resonance frequency characteristic(s) and/or the like) of a first haptic coupling mechanism (e.g., a haptic-input coupling mechanism) and such suitable response characteristic(s) (e.g., compliance characteristic(s) and/or resonance frequency characteristic(s) and/or the like) of a second haptic coupling mechanism (e.g., a haptic-housing coupling mechanism) may be provided by different haptic coupling mechanisms of an electronic device in order to enable that electronic device to provide multiple modes of haptic feedback using a single haptic actuator, where, for example, such multi-modal haptic feedback may include a first mode in which the entirety of the device may be perceived by a device user to be providing substantially the same haptic feedback and a second mode in which a particular portion of the device (e.g., a user input component) may be perceived by a device user to be providing a localized haptic feedback that is distinguishable from (e.g., greater than) any haptic feedback being provided by another portion of the device (e.g., a majority of the device&#39;s housing). For example, as shown at least with respect to  FIGS. 5-11 , various types of coupling mechanisms of a single haptic actuator of an electronic device may be provided such that one of the coupling mechanisms may provide a physical coupling with different response or compliance and/or frequency characteristics than may be provided by a physical coupling provided by another one of the coupling mechanisms (e.g., such that a physical coupling provided by a haptic-housing coupling mechanism between the single haptic actuator and a device housing of the electronic device may be a more compliant (e.g., less stiff) physical coupling (e.g., in at least one degree of freedom) than a physical coupling provided by a haptic-input coupling mechanism between the single haptic actuator and a user input component of the electronic device and/or such that a physical coupling provided by a haptic-housing coupling mechanism between the single haptic actuator and a device housing of the electronic device may have a different resonance frequency response (e.g., a different response to a particular applied waveform) than that of a physical coupling provided by a haptic-input coupling mechanism between the single haptic actuator and a user input component of the electronic device (e.g., such that when a particular type of parameter (e.g., frequency parameter) of the actuator waveform AWF generated by the single haptic actuator is increased from within a first range to within a second range, the device may change from providing a first haptic alert of a first mode in which substantially the entirety of the device (e.g., the device housing and the user input component) may be perceived by a device user to be providing substantially the same haptic feedback to providing a second haptic alert of a second mode in which a specific portion of the device (e.g., the user input component of the device) may be perceived by the device user to be providing a localized haptic feedback that is distinguishable from (e.g., greater than) any haptic feedback being provided by another portion of the device (e.g., a majority of the device&#39;s housing))). 
       FIG. 5  shows a first exemplary multi-modal haptic feedback assembly  500  that may provide actuator housing  251  of haptic actuator output component  250  of electronic device  200  with at least two haptic coupling mechanisms having different response characteristics. In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 5 , for example, actuator housing  251  may be any suitable three-dimensional shape that may generally be described as providing a top wall  251   t , a bottom wall  251   b  that may be opposite top wall  251   t , a left wall  251   l , a right wall  251   r  that may be opposite left wall  251   l , a front wall  251   f , and a back wall  251   k  that may be opposite front wall  251   f , and multi-modal haptic feedback assembly  500  may be configured to provide actuator housing  251  as an actuator housing structure  551 , haptic-input coupling mechanism  235  as a first haptic coupling mechanism  535 , and haptic-housing coupling mechanism  275  as a second haptic coupling mechanism  575  that may have different response characteristics than first haptic coupling mechanism  535 . Actuator housing structure  551  may be configured to provide actuator housing  251  as a unitary structure that may include at least a portion of each actuator housing wall being integral with or rigidly coupled to or substantially rigidly coupled (e.g., welded) to one, two, three, four, or each other actuator housing wall except the actuator housing wall opposite thereto. Haptic coupling mechanism  535  may be configured to provide haptic-input coupling mechanism  235  for coupling any suitable portion of any suitable user input component (e.g., user input component  230 ) of device  200  to any suitable portion of actuator housing structure  551  (e.g., wall  251   r ) with a physical coupling that may be rigid or substantially rigid. For example, haptic coupling mechanism  535  may include any suitable rigid coupling material or mechanism  535   m  (e.g., a welded joint or glue or heat activated epoxy or female/male threaded screw components and/or any other suitable mechanism) for rigidly or substantially rigidly coupling any suitable portion  251   rp  of any suitable wall (e.g., wall  251   r ) of actuator housing  251  to any suitable portion (not shown) of input component  230 . Haptic coupling mechanism  575  may be configured to provide haptic-housing coupling mechanism  275  for physically coupling any suitable portion of device housing  201  (e.g., an internal surface  201   i  of device housing  201  at first housing coupling location  201   cl   1 ) of device  200  to any suitable portion of actuator housing structure  551  (e.g., wall  251   r ) with a physical coupling that may be less rigid (e.g., more compliant) (e.g., by any suitable amount) than the physical coupling provided by haptic coupling mechanism  535  between actuator housing structure  551  and input component  230 . For example, haptic coupling mechanism  575  may include a female screw thread or grommet  575   c  of any suitable compliant material (e.g., a cushion or elastomeric material) that may be rigidly or substantially rigidly coupled to any suitable portion  251   cp  of any suitable wall (e.g., wall  251   r ) of actuator housing  251  (e.g., via any suitable rigid holder  575   h  that may be rigidly coupled to portion  251   cp ), where female screw thread or grommet  575   c  may be operative to receive any rigid or substantially rigid element (e.g., male screw thread or hook (not shown)) of internal surface  201   i  of device housing  201  at first housing coupling location  201   cl   1  for physically coupling device housing  201  to actuator housing  251  in a more compliant fashion than haptic coupling mechanism  535  may physically couple input component  230  to actuator housing  251 . Therefore, a soft mounting surface may be provided by grommet  575   c  for establishing a compliant coupling between actuator housing  251  and device housing  201 . While grommet  575   c  may be shown in  FIG. 5  as a female element that may be rigidly coupled to actuator housing  251 , it is to be appreciated that the soft mounting surface of element  575   c  may instead be a female element rigidly coupled to device housing  201  for receiving any element of actuator housing  251 , or a soft male element that may be rigidly received by a rigid female element, such that only one element of the physical coupling may be provided by a soft or compliant mechanism for enabling haptic coupling mechanism  575  to be more compliant or less rigid than haptic coupling mechanism  535 , which may be rigid or substantially rigid. Alternatively or additionally, as shown, multi-modal haptic feedback assembly  500  may be configured to provide haptic-housing coupling mechanism  285  as a third haptic coupling mechanism  585  that may have different response characteristics (e.g., less stiff characteristics) than first haptic coupling mechanism  535 . Haptic coupling mechanism  585  may be configured to provide haptic-housing coupling mechanism  285  for coupling any suitable portion of device housing  201  (e.g., an internal surface  201   i  of device housing  201  at second housing coupling location  201   cl   2 ) of device  200  to any suitable portion of actuator housing structure  551  (e.g., wall  251   f ) with a less rigid (e.g., more compliant) physical coupling than the physical coupling between actuator housing structure  551  and input component  230  provided by haptic coupling mechanism  535 . For example, haptic coupling mechanism  585  may include a cushion  585   m  of any suitable compliant material (e.g., a cushion or elastomeric material) that may be rigidly or substantially rigidly coupled to any suitable portion of any suitable wall (e.g., wall  251   f ) of actuator housing  251  (e.g., via any suitable rigid holding mechanism (e.g., adhesive) that may adhere a portion of cushion adhesive  585   m  to actuator housing  251 ) and that may be rigidly or substantially rigidly coupled to any suitable portion of any suitable wall (e.g., internal wall  201   i  at housing coupling location  201   cl   2 ) of device housing  201  (e.g., via any suitable rigid holding mechanism (e.g., adhesive) that may adhere a portion of cushion adhesive  585   m  to device housing  201 ) for physically coupling device housing  201  to actuator housing  251  in a more compliant fashion than haptic coupling mechanism  535  may physically couple input component  230  to actuator housing  251  (e.g., due to any suitable compliance characteristics of the material(s) of cushion  585   m  (e.g., a double-sided tape with a cushioned body)). A device housing wall through which input component is exposed (e.g., by opening  201   oa ) does not have to be the same device housing wall to which a haptic-housing coupling mechanism may physically couple the actuator housing, but may be a completely different device housing wall (e.g., adjacent wall or opposite wall). Instead, a physical coupling of the device housing to the actuator housing may be any suitable distance from a physical coupling of the input component to the actuator housing. 
       FIG. 6  shows an exemplary multi-modal haptic feedback assembly  600  that may provide actuator housing  251  of haptic actuator output component  250  of electronic device  200  with at least two haptic coupling mechanisms having different response characteristics. In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 6 , for example, actuator housing  251  may be any suitable three-dimensional shape that may generally be described as providing a top wall  251   t , a bottom wall  251   b  that may be opposite top wall  251   t , a left wall  251   l , a right wall  251   r  that may be opposite left wall  251   l , a front wall  251   f , and a back wall  251   k  that may be opposite front wall  251   f , and multi-modal haptic feedback assembly  600  may be configured to provide actuator housing  251  as an actuator housing structure  651 , haptic-input coupling mechanism  235  as a first haptic coupling mechanism  635 , and haptic-housing coupling mechanism  275  as a second haptic coupling mechanism  675  that may have different response characteristics than first haptic coupling mechanism  635 . Actuator housing structure  651  may be configured to provide actuator housing  251  as a unitary structure that may include at least a portion of each actuator housing wall being integral with or rigidly coupled to or substantially rigidly coupled (e.g., welded) to one, two, three, four, or each other actuator housing wall except the actuator housing wall opposite thereto. Haptic coupling mechanism  675  may be configured to provide haptic-housing coupling mechanism  275  for physically coupling any suitable portion of device housing  201  (e.g., an internal surface  201   i  of device housing  201  at first housing coupling location  201   cl   1 ) of device  200  to any suitable portion of actuator housing structure  651  (e.g., wall  251   r ) with a physical coupling that may be less rigid (e.g., more compliant) (e.g., by any suitable amount) or otherwise providing a different response than the physical coupling provided by haptic coupling mechanism  635  between actuator housing structure  651  and input component  230 . For example, haptic coupling mechanism  675  may include any suitable flexure or spring for providing compliance to the physical coupling, such as a bow spring, a cantilever spring, a leaf spring, or any other suitable flexure or spring. For example, as shown, haptic coupling mechanism  675  may include a cantilever spring  675   s  (e.g., a spring made of metal or any other suitable material that may exhibit the compliant functionality of such a spring), which may extend from a first fixed end  675   x  to a second free end  675   f , where first fixed end  675   x  may be rigidly anchored to actuator housing  251  in any suitable manner (e.g., by a weld joint or any other suitable mechanism (e.g., at any suitable portion  251   rp  of any suitable wall (e.g., wall  251   r ) of actuator housing  251 )) and where second free end  675   f  may be positioned free in space with respect to actuator housing  251  (e.g., by a distance SD) when no external force is being applied to spring  675   s . A device housing coupling feature of haptic coupling mechanism  675  for coupling to device housing  201  may be coupled to spring  675   s  at any portion of spring  675   s  proximate to free end  675   f , such as a rigid holder  675   h  that may be rigidly coupled to portion  675   sp  of spring  675   s  adjacent free end  675   f , where holder  675   h  may be provided with any suitable mechanism for physically coupling with device housing  201 , such as a holder opening  675   o  that may be operative to receive any rigid or substantially rigid element of device housing  201  at first housing coupling location  201   cl   1  (e.g., a male screw thread or hook or the like (e.g., as shown in  FIG. 6A , a coupling feature  201   y  may extend between a first end that may be fixed to internal surface  201   i  of device housing  201  and a second free end that may be configured to be passed through holder opening  675   o )) for physically coupling device housing  201  to actuator housing  251  via compliant spring  675   s . Alternatively, spring  675   s  itself may be configured to provide any suitable device housing coupling feature for coupling to device housing  201  (e.g., a portion of free end  675   f  may be bent or curled or otherwise shaped to provide a holder opening similar to opening  675   o  such that a separate component  675   h  may not be rigidly coupled to spring  675   s ). In some embodiments, a female screw thread or grommet of any suitable compliant material (e.g., a cushion or elastomeric material) similar to grommet  575   c  may be provided in holder opening  675   o  for providing additional compliance to haptic coupling mechanism  675 . Haptic coupling mechanism  635  may be configured to provide haptic-input coupling mechanism  235  for coupling any suitable portion of any suitable user input component (e.g., user input component  230 ) of device  200  to any suitable portion of actuator housing structure  651  (e.g., wall  251   r ) with a physical coupling that may be rigid or substantially rigid. For example, haptic coupling mechanism  635  may include any suitable rigid coupling material or mechanism  635   m  (e.g., a welded joint or glue or heat activated epoxy or female/male threaded screw components and/or any other suitable mechanism) for rigidly or substantially rigidly coupling any suitable portion  251   rp  of any suitable wall (e.g., wall  251   r ) of actuator housing  251  to any suitable portion of input component  230  (e.g., to an end portion  230   e  of input component  230 , as shown in  FIG. 6A ), either directly (e.g., adjacent fixed end  675   x  of spring  675   s ) or via fixed end  675   x  of spring  675   s  (e.g., at a portion  675   xp  of fixed end  675   x ). Alternatively, haptic coupling mechanism  635  may rigidly couple a portion of input component  230  to actuator housing  251  along another actuator housing wall that may be different than the actuator housing wall at which spring  675   s  may be coupled (e.g., wall  251   b  rather than wall  251   r ). For example, as shown, multi-modal haptic feedback assembly  600  may be configured to provide haptic-input coupling mechanism  245  as a haptic coupling mechanism  645  that may have different response characteristics (e.g., more stiff characteristics) than haptic-housing coupling mechanism  675 . For example, haptic coupling mechanism  645  may include any suitable rigid coupling material or mechanism  645   m  (e.g., a welded joint or glue or heat activated epoxy or female/male threaded screw components and/or any other suitable mechanism) for rigidly or substantially rigidly coupling any suitable portion  251   bp  of any suitable wall (e.g., wall  251   b ) of actuator housing  251  to any suitable portion (not shown) of input component  230  or input component  240  or otherwise. 
     In some embodiments, haptic coupling mechanism  635  may be configured to provide haptic-input coupling mechanism  235  that may not necessarily be more rigid or less stiff than haptic coupling mechanism  675  providing haptic-housing coupling mechanism  275 . However, haptic-input coupling mechanism  635  may be configured with any suitable response characteristic(s) that may be different than such response characteristic(s) of haptic-housing coupling mechanism  675  (e.g., directly and/or relative to such response characteristic(s) of haptic actuator output component  250 ) such that the device waveform of the device housing produced by the actuator waveform of the actuator housing and the device waveform of the input component produced by the actuator waveform of the actuator housing may be separated through frequency separation (e.g., at least at certain frequencies of the actuator waveform). For example, as shown in  FIG. 6A , haptic actuator  250  may include at least flexure bearing  265   b  that may mount a side of field member  260  with mass  257  to be reciprocally movable within actuator housing  251 / 651 . Flexure bearing or mass flexure  265   b  may be any suitable spring or the like that may combine with field member  260  and actuator housing  251 / 651  to provide a linear resonant actuator (“LRA”), where an electrical signal through the LRA&#39;s coils may force the mass up and down (or the like along a single linear axis), resulting in a force that may cause displacement. The combination of flexure stiffness, mass and magnet/coil size may cause the LRA to have at least a natural resonance frequency or a lowest resonance frequency or a fundamental frequency. In some embodiments, haptic-housing coupling mechanism  675  may be configured to couple haptic actuator  250  to device housing  201  with a haptic-housing coupling resonance frequency that may be different than (e.g., greater than) the natural resonance frequency or lowest resonance frequency or fundamental frequency of haptic actuator  250  (e.g., of its LRA). For example, these frequencies of haptic-housing coupling mechanism  675  and of the LRA of haptic actuator  250  may be configured with respect to one another such that haptic actuator  250  may drive device housing  201  via haptic-housing coupling mechanism  675  in a related manner (e.g., such that housing  201  and actuator  250  move substantially together) before a first haptic threshold magnitude, such as while haptic actuator output component  250  is providing an actuator waveform AWF with a frequency parameter within a first range of frequencies that may be defined to extend between a minimum frequency parameter value HA 1   n  and a maximum frequency parameter value HA 1   x , yet these frequencies of haptic-housing coupling mechanism  675  and of the LRA of haptic actuator  250  may also be configured with respect to one another such that haptic actuator  250  may drive device housing  201  via haptic-housing coupling mechanism  675  in a distinct manner (e.g., such that housing  201  and actuator  250  move independently from each other) after a second haptic threshold magnitude that may be equal to or greater than the first haptic threshold, such as while haptic actuator output component  250  is providing an actuator waveform AWF with a frequency parameter within a second range of frequencies that may be defined to extend between a minimum frequency parameter value HA 2   n  and a maximum frequency parameter value HA 2   x . Haptic-input coupling mechanism  635  may be configured to couple haptic actuator  250  to input component  230  with a haptic-input coupling resonance frequency that may be different than the natural resonance frequency or lowest resonance frequency or fundamental frequency of haptic actuator  250  (e.g., of its LRA) in a different way than the haptic-housing coupling resonance frequency of haptic-housing coupling mechanism  675  may differ from the natural resonance frequency or lowest resonance frequency or fundamental frequency of haptic actuator  250 . 
       FIG. 7  shows an exemplary multi-modal haptic feedback assembly  700  that may provide actuator housing  251  of haptic actuator output component  250  of electronic device  200  with at least two haptic coupling mechanisms having different response characteristics. In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 7 , for example, actuator housing  251  may be any suitable three-dimensional shape that may generally be described as providing a top wall  251   t , a bottom wall  251   b  that may be opposite top wall  251   t , a left wall  251   l , a right wall  251   r  that may be opposite left wall  251   l , a front wall  251   f , and a back wall  251   k  that may be opposite front wall  251   f , and multi-modal haptic feedback assembly  700  may be configured to provide actuator housing  251  as an actuator housing structure  751 , haptic-input coupling mechanism  235  as a first haptic coupling mechanism  735 , and haptic-housing coupling mechanism  275  as a second haptic coupling mechanism  775  that may have different response characteristics than first haptic coupling mechanism  735 . Actuator housing structure  751  may be configured to provide actuator housing  251  as a unitary structure that may include at least a portion of each actuator housing wall being integral with or rigidly coupled to or substantially rigidly coupled (e.g., welded) to one, two, three, four, or each other actuator housing wall except the actuator housing wall opposite thereto. Alternatively, as shown, two or more walls may be provided by a single unitary structure (e.g., bottom wall  251   b  and right wall  251   r  of actuator housing structure may be provided as a single “L-shaped” or bent component). Haptic coupling mechanism  775  may be configured to provide haptic-housing coupling mechanism  275  for physically coupling any suitable portion of device housing  201  (e.g., an internal surface  201   i  of device housing  201  at first housing coupling location  201   cl   1 ) of device  200  to any suitable portion of actuator housing structure  751  (e.g., wall  251   f  and/or wall  251   k  and/or wall  251   b  and/or wall  251   r ) with a physical coupling that may be less rigid (e.g., more compliant) (e.g., by any suitable amount) than the physical coupling provided by haptic coupling mechanism  735  between actuator housing structure  751  and input component  230 . For example, haptic coupling mechanism  775  may include any suitable portion of any suitable actuator housing wall being configured as any suitable flexure or spring for providing compliance to the physical coupling, such as a bow spring, a cantilever spring, a leaf spring, or any other suitable flexure or spring. For example, as shown, haptic coupling mechanism  775  may provide a cantilever spring  775   s  with a portion of actuator housing wall  251   r , which may extend from a first fixed end  775   x  to a second free end  775   f , where first fixed end  775   x  may be a portion of actuator housing wall  251   r  that may be rigidly coupled to any other wall of haptic actuator  250  (e.g., wall  251   f  and/or wall  251   k  and/or wall  251   b ) such that movement of first fixed end  775   x  may be rigidly fixed to movement of a remainder of actuator housing  251  except for the movement of free end  775   f  of spring  775   s , and where second free end  775   f  may be positioned free in space with respect to a remainder of actuator housing  251  (e.g., due to a cutout  251   rc  made in actuator housing  251  to provide spring  775   s ) when no external force is being applied to spring  775   s . A device housing coupling feature of haptic coupling mechanism  775  for coupling to device housing  201  may be coupled to spring  775   s  at any portion of spring  775   s  proximate to free end  775   f , such as a rigid holder  775   h  that may be rigidly coupled to portion  775   sp  of spring  775   s  adjacent free end  775   f , where holder  775   h  may be provided with any suitable mechanism for physically coupling with device housing  201 , such as a holder opening  775   o  that may be operative to receive any rigid or substantially rigid element (e.g., male screw thread or hook or the like) of internal surface  201   i  of device housing  201  at first housing coupling location  201   cl   1  for physically coupling device housing  201  to actuator housing  251  via compliant spring  775   s . For example, as shown in  FIG. 10 , a male screw thread or hook or other suitable coupling feature  201   y  of haptic coupling mechanism  775  may be provided by an internal surface  201   i  of device housing  201  (e.g., coupling feature  201   y  may extend between a first end that may be fixed to internal surface  201   i  of device housing  201  and a second free end that may be configured to be passed through holder opening  775   o  when haptic feedback assembly  700  may be moved in the direction of arrow D into position within internal housing space  209  of device housing  201 ). Alternatively, spring  775   s  itself may be configured to provide any suitable device housing coupling feature for coupling to device housing  201  (e.g., a portion of free end  775   f  may be bent or curled or otherwise shaped to provide a holder opening similar to opening  775   o  such that a separate component  775   h  may not be rigidly coupled to spring  775   s ). In some embodiments, a female screw thread or grommet of any suitable compliant material (e.g., a cushion or elastomeric material) similar to grommet  575   c  may be provided in holder opening  775   o  for providing additional compliance to haptic coupling mechanism  775 . Haptic coupling mechanism  735  may be configured to provide haptic-input coupling mechanism  235  for coupling any suitable portion of any suitable user input component (e.g., user input component  230 ) of device  200  to any suitable portion of actuator housing structure  751  (e.g., wall  251   r ) with a physical coupling that may be rigid or substantially rigid. For example, haptic coupling mechanism  735  may include any suitable rigid coupling material or mechanism  735   m  (e.g., a welded joint or glue or heat activated epoxy or female/male threaded screw components and/or any other suitable mechanism) for rigidly or substantially rigidly coupling any suitable portion  251   rp  of any suitable wall (e.g., wall  251   r ) of actuator housing  251  to any suitable portion on input component  230  (e.g., end portion  230   e  of input component  230  as shown in  FIG. 10  when inserted in the direction I through opening  201   oa ) (e.g., at or adjacent fixed end  775   x  of spring  775   s ). Alternatively, haptic coupling mechanism  735  may rigidly couple a portion of input component  230  to actuator housing  251  along another actuator housing wall that may be different than the actuator housing wall at which spring  775   s  may be provided (e.g., wall  251   b  or wall  251   f  rather than wall  251   r ). For example, as shown, multi-modal haptic feedback assembly  700  may be configured to provide haptic-input coupling mechanism  245  as a haptic coupling mechanism  745  that may have different response characteristics (e.g., more stiff characteristics) than haptic-housing coupling mechanism  775 . For example, haptic coupling mechanism  745  may include any suitable rigid coupling material or mechanism  745   m  (e.g., a welded joint or glue or heat activated epoxy or female/male threaded screw components and/or any other suitable mechanism) for rigidly or substantially rigidly coupling any suitable portion  251   fp  of any suitable wall (e.g., wall  251   l ) of actuator housing  251  to any suitable portion (not shown) of input component  230  or input component  240  or otherwise. Although not shown in  FIG. 7 , but as shown in  FIG. 10 , multi-modal haptic feedback assembly  700  may be configured to provide haptic-housing coupling mechanism  285  as a haptic coupling mechanism  785  that may have different response characteristics (e.g., more compliant characteristics) than haptic-input coupling mechanism  635  and/or haptic-input coupling mechanism  735  and/or different response characteristics (e.g., more compliant or more rigid characteristics) than haptic-housing coupling mechanism  775 , where haptic-housing coupling mechanism  285  may include holder opening  785   o  that may be operative to receive any rigid or substantially rigid element of device housing  201  at second housing coupling location  201   cl   2  for physically coupling device housing  201  to actuator housing  251  via a compliant portion (e.g., spring) of coupling mechanism  785 . For example, as shown in  FIG. 10 , a male screw thread or hook or other suitable coupling feature  201   z  of haptic coupling mechanism  785  may be provided by an internal surface  201   i  of device housing  201  (e.g., coupling feature  201   z  may extend between a first end that may be fixed to internal surface  201   i  of device housing  201  and a second free end that may be configured to be passed through holder opening  785   o  when haptic feedback assembly  700  may be moved in the direction of arrow D into position within internal housing space  209  of device housing  201 ). 
       FIG. 8  shows an exemplary multi-modal haptic feedback assembly  800  that may provide actuator housing  251  of haptic actuator output component  250  of electronic device  200  with at least two haptic coupling mechanisms having different response characteristics. In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 8 , for example, actuator housing  251  may be any suitable three-dimensional shape that may generally be described as providing a top wall  251   t , a bottom wall  251   b  that may be opposite top wall  251   t , a left wall  251   l , a right wall  251   r  that may be opposite left wall  251   l , a front wall  251   f , and a back wall  251   k  that may be opposite front wall  251   f , and multi-modal haptic feedback assembly  800  may be configured to provide actuator housing  251  as an actuator housing structure  851 , haptic-input coupling mechanism  235  as a first haptic coupling mechanism  835 , and haptic-housing coupling mechanism  275  as a second haptic coupling mechanism  875  that may have different response characteristics than first haptic coupling mechanism  835 . Actuator housing structure  851  may be configured to provide actuator housing  251  as a unitary structure that may include at least a portion of each actuator housing wall being integral with or rigidly coupled to or substantially rigidly coupled (e.g., welded) to one, two, three, four, or each other actuator housing wall except the actuator housing wall opposite thereto. Haptic coupling mechanism  875  may be configured to provide haptic-housing coupling mechanism  275  for physically coupling any suitable portion of device housing  201  (e.g., an internal surface  201   i  of device housing  201  at first housing coupling location  201   cl   1 ) of device  200  to any suitable portion of actuator housing structure  851  (e.g., wall  251   f  and/or wall  251   k  and/or wall  251   b  and/or wall  251   r ) with a physical coupling that may be less rigid (e.g., more compliant) (e.g., by any suitable amount) than the physical coupling provided by haptic coupling mechanism  835  between actuator housing structure  851  and input component  230 . For example, haptic coupling mechanism  875  may include any suitable portion of any suitable actuator housing wall being configured as any suitable flexure or spring for providing compliance to the physical coupling, such as a bow spring, a cantilever spring, a leaf spring, or any other suitable flexure or spring. For example, as shown, haptic coupling mechanism  875  may provide a cantilever spring  875   s  with a portion of actuator housing wall  251   b , where spring  875   s  may extend from a first fixed end  875   x  to a second free end  875   f , where first fixed end  875   x  may be a portion  251   s  of actuator housing wall  251   b  that may be rigidly coupled to any other wall of haptic actuator  250  (e.g., a remainder of wall  251   b  extending between walls  251   l  and  251   r , and/or wall  251   f  and/or wall  251   k  and/or wall  251   r ) such that movement of first fixed end  875   x  may be rigidly fixed to movement of a remainder of actuator housing  251  except for the movement of free end  875   f  of spring  875   s , and where second free end  875   f  may be positioned free in space with respect to a remainder of actuator housing  251  when no external force is being applied to spring  875   s . Therefore, wall  251   b  may be provided as a single unitary structure (e.g., as a single “L-shaped” or bent component). A device housing coupling feature of haptic coupling mechanism  875  for coupling to device housing  201  may be coupled to spring  875   s  at any portion of spring  875   s  proximate to free end  875   f , such as a rigid holder  875   h  that may be rigidly coupled to portion  875   sp  of spring  875   s  adjacent free end  875   f , where holder  875   h  may be provided with any suitable mechanism for physically coupling with device housing  201 , such as a holder opening  875   o  that may be operative to receive any rigid or substantially rigid element (e.g., male screw thread or hook (not shown)) of internal surface  201   i  of device housing  201  at first housing coupling location  201   cl   1  for physically coupling device housing  201  to actuator housing  251  via compliant spring  875   s . Alternatively, spring  875   s  itself may be configured to provide any suitable device housing coupling feature for coupling to device housing  201  (e.g., a portion of free end  875   f  may be bent or curled or otherwise shaped to provide a holder opening similar to opening  875   o  such that a separate component  875   h  may not be rigidly coupled to spring  875   s ). In some embodiments, a female screw thread or grommet of any suitable compliant material (e.g., a cushion or elastomeric material) similar to grommet  575   c  may be provided in holder opening  875   o  for providing additional compliance to haptic coupling mechanism  875 . Haptic coupling mechanism  835  may be configured to provide haptic-input coupling mechanism  235  for coupling any suitable portion of any suitable user input component (e.g., user input component  230 ) of device  200  to any suitable portion of actuator housing structure  851  (e.g., wall  251   b ) with a physical coupling that may be rigid or substantially rigid. For example, haptic coupling mechanism  835  may include any suitable rigid coupling material or mechanism  835   m  (e.g., a welded joint or glue or heat activated epoxy or female/male threaded screw components and/or any other suitable mechanism) for rigidly or substantially rigidly coupling any suitable portion  251   sp  of any suitable wall (e.g., portion  251   sp  of wall portion  251   s  of wall  251   b  adjacent fixed end  875   x  of spring  875   s ) of actuator housing  251  to any suitable portion (not shown) of input component  230  (e.g., at or adjacent fixed end  875   x  of spring  875   s ). Alternatively, haptic coupling mechanism  835  may rigidly couple a portion of input component  230  to actuator housing  251  along another actuator housing wall that may be different than the actuator housing wall at which spring  875   s  may be provided (e.g., a portion of wall  251   b  other than portion  251   s  of wall  251   b , or wall  251   f  or wall  215   k  or the like rather than portion  251   s  of wall  251   r  at end  875   x ). For example, as shown, multi-modal haptic feedback assembly  800  may be configured to provide haptic-input coupling mechanism  245  as a haptic coupling mechanism  845  that may have different response characteristics (e.g., more stiff characteristics) than haptic-housing coupling mechanism  875 . For example, haptic coupling mechanism  845  may include any suitable rigid coupling material or mechanism  845   m  (e.g., a welded joint or glue or heat activated epoxy or female/male threaded screw components and/or any other suitable mechanism) for rigidly or substantially rigidly coupling any suitable portion  251   fp  of any suitable wall (e.g., wall  251   f ) of actuator housing  251  to any suitable portion (not shown) of input component  230  or input component  240  or otherwise. 
       FIG. 9  shows an exemplary multi-modal haptic feedback assembly  900  that may provide actuator housing  251  of haptic actuator output component  250  of electronic device  200  with at least two haptic coupling mechanisms having different response characteristics. In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 9 , for example, actuator housing  251  may be any suitable three-dimensional shape that may generally be described as providing a top wall  251   t , a bottom wall  251   b  that may be opposite top wall  251   t , a left wall  251   l , a right wall  251   r  that may be opposite left wall  251   l , a front wall  251   f , and a back wall  251   k  that may be opposite front wall  251   f , and multi-modal haptic feedback assembly  900  may be configured to provide actuator housing  251  as an actuator housing structure  951 , haptic-input coupling mechanism  235  as a first haptic coupling mechanism  935 , and haptic-housing coupling mechanism  275  as a second haptic coupling mechanism  975  that may have different response characteristics than first haptic coupling mechanism  935 . Actuator housing structure  951  may be configured to provide actuator housing  251  as a unitary structure that may include at least a portion of each actuator housing wall being integral with or rigidly coupled to or substantially rigidly coupled (e.g., welded) to one, two, three, four, or each other actuator housing wall except the actuator housing wall opposite thereto. Alternatively, as shown, two or more walls may be provided by a single unitary structure (e.g., bottom wall  251   b  and right wall  251   r  of actuator housing structure may be provided as a single “L-shaped” or bent component). Haptic coupling mechanism  975  may be configured to provide haptic-housing coupling mechanism  275  for physically coupling any suitable portion of device housing  201  (e.g., an internal surface  201   i  of device housing  201  at first housing coupling location  201   c   11 ) of device  200  to any suitable portion of actuator housing structure  951  (e.g., wall  251   t  and/or wall  251   r  and/or wall  251   f  and/or wall  251   k ) with a physical coupling that may be less rigid (e.g., more compliant) (e.g., by any suitable amount) than the physical coupling provided by haptic coupling mechanism  935  between actuator housing structure  951  and input component  230 . For example, haptic coupling mechanism  975  may include any suitable portion of any suitable actuator housing wall being configured as any suitable flexure or spring for providing compliance to the physical coupling, such as a bow spring, a cantilever spring, a leaf spring, or any other suitable flexure or spring. For example, as shown, haptic coupling mechanism  975  may provide a cantilever spring  975   s  with a portion of actuator housing wall  251   t , where spring  975   s  may extend from a first fixed end  975   x  to a second free end  975   f , where first fixed end  975   x  may be a portion  251   s  of actuator housing wall  251   t  (e.g., a portion extending from an end surface  251   te  of wall  251   t  (e.g., at or near when wall  251   t  may be rigidly coupled to wall  251   f  and/or wall  251   k  and/or wall  251   r )) such that movement of first fixed end  975   x  may be rigidly fixed to movement of a remainder of actuator housing  251  except for the movement of free end  975   f  of spring  975   s , and where second free end  975   f  may be positioned free in space with respect to a remainder of actuator housing  251  when no external force is being applied to spring  975   s . A device housing coupling feature of haptic coupling mechanism  975  for coupling to device housing  201  may be coupled to spring  975   s  at any portion of spring  975   s  proximate to free end  975   f , such as a rigid holder  975   h  that may be rigidly coupled to portion  975   sp  of spring  975   s  adjacent free end  975   f , where holder  975   h  may be provided with any suitable mechanism for physically coupling with device housing  201 , such as a holder opening  975   o  that may be operative to receive any rigid or substantially rigid element (e.g., male screw thread or hook (not shown)) of internal surface  201   i  of device housing  201  at first housing coupling location  201   c   11  for physically coupling device housing  201  to actuator housing  251  via compliant spring  975   s . Alternatively, spring  975   s  itself may be configured to provide any suitable device housing coupling feature for coupling to device housing  201  (e.g., a portion of free end  975   f  may be bent or curled or otherwise shaped to provide a holder opening similar to opening  975   o  such that a separate component  975   h  may not be rigidly coupled to spring  975   s ). In some embodiments, a female screw thread or grommet of any suitable compliant material (e.g., a cushion or elastomeric material) similar to grommet  575   c  may be provided in holder opening  975   o  for providing additional compliance to haptic coupling mechanism  975 . Haptic coupling mechanism  935  may be configured to provide haptic-input coupling mechanism  235  for coupling any suitable portion of any suitable user input component (e.g., user input component  230 ) of device  200  to any suitable portion of actuator housing structure  951  (e.g., wall  251   r ) with a physical coupling that may be rigid or substantially rigid. For example, haptic coupling mechanism  935  may include any suitable rigid coupling material or mechanism  935   m  (e.g., a welded joint or glue or heat activated epoxy or female/male threaded screw components and/or any other suitable mechanism) for rigidly or substantially rigidly coupling any suitable portion  251   rp  of any suitable wall (e.g., wall  251   r ) of actuator housing  251  to any suitable portion (not shown) of input component  230  (e.g., proximate free end  975   f  of spring  975   s  that may be shaped to curl along and adjacent to at least a portion of wall  251   r ). Alternatively, haptic coupling mechanism  935  may rigidly couple a portion of input component  230  to actuator housing  251  along the same actuator housing wall  251   t  that may be providing spring  975   s  (not shown). 
       FIG. 11  shows an exemplary multi-modal haptic feedback assembly  1100  that may provide actuator housing  251  of haptic actuator output component  250  of electronic device  200  with at least two haptic coupling mechanisms having different response characteristics. In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 11 , for example, actuator housing  251  may be any suitable three-dimensional shape that may generally be described as providing a top wall  251   t , a bottom wall  251   b  that may be opposite top wall  251   t , a left wall  251   l , a right wall  251   r  that may be opposite left wall  251   l , a front wall  251   f , and a back wall (not shown) that may be opposite front wall  251   f , and multi-modal haptic feedback assembly  1100  may be configured to provide actuator housing  251  as an actuator housing structure  1151 , haptic-input coupling mechanism  235  as a first haptic coupling mechanism  1135 , and haptic-housing coupling mechanism  275  as a second haptic coupling mechanism  1175  that may have different response characteristics than first haptic coupling mechanism  1135 . Actuator housing structure  1151  may be configured to provide actuator housing  251  as a unitary structure that may include at least a portion of each actuator housing wall being integral with or rigidly coupled to or substantially rigidly coupled (e.g., welded) to one, two, three, four, or each other actuator housing wall except the actuator housing wall opposite thereto. Alternatively, as shown, two or more walls may be provided by a single unitary structure (e.g., bottom wall  251   b  and right wall  251   r  of actuator housing structure may be provided as a single “L-shaped” or bent component, and top wall  251   t  and left wall  251   l  of actuator housing structure may be provided as a single “L-shaped” or bent component). Haptic coupling mechanism  1175  may be configured to provide haptic-housing coupling mechanism  275  for physically coupling any suitable portion of device housing  201  (e.g., an internal surface  201   i  of device housing  201  at least at first housing coupling location  201   cl   1 ) of device  200  to any suitable portion of actuator housing structure  1151  with a physical coupling that may be less rigid (e.g., more compliant) (e.g., by any suitable amount) than the physical coupling provided by haptic coupling mechanism  1135  between actuator housing structure  1151  and input component  230 . For example, haptic coupling mechanism  1175  may include at least one suitable flexure or spring for providing compliance to the physical coupling, such as a bow spring, a cantilever spring, a leaf spring, or any other suitable flexure or spring. For example, as shown, haptic coupling mechanism  1175  may provide a first flexure leafy spring  1175   sr , where spring  1175   sr  may extend from a first end  1175   srft  to a second end  1175   srfb  via any suitable intermediate portion  1175   srx , where intermediate portion  1175   srx  may be rigidly or substantially rigidly coupled to any suitable portion of actuator housing  251  (e.g., to any suitable portion of wall  251   r ) via any suitable rigid coupling material or mechanism  1175   srxm  (e.g., a welded joint or glue or heat activated epoxy or female/male threaded screw components and/or any other suitable mechanism) for rigidly or substantially rigidly coupling any suitable portion of intermediate portion  1175   srx  of spring  1175   sr  to any suitable portion of any suitable wall (e.g., wall  251   r ) of actuator housing  251 , where first end  1175   srft  may be rigidly or substantially rigidly coupled to any suitable portion of device housing  201  (e.g., to any suitable portion  201   cl   1 ) via any suitable rigid coupling material or mechanism  1175   srftm  (e.g., a welded joint or glue or heat activated epoxy or female/male threaded screw components and/or any other suitable mechanism) and/or via any suitable rigid coupling material or mechanism  1175   bt  (e.g., a rigid body that may include a welded joint or glue or heat activated epoxy or female/male threaded screw components and/or any other suitable mechanism to rigidly couple to first end  1175   srft  and that may include one or more threaded screw holes (e.g., hole  1175   btrh  and/or hole  1175   btlh ) or any other suitable mechanism that may be used for rigidly coupling mechanism  1175   bt  to device housing  201 ), and where second end  1175   srfb  may be rigidly or substantially rigidly coupled to any suitable portion of device housing  201  (e.g., to any suitable portion  201   cl   1 ) via any suitable rigid coupling material or mechanism  1175   srfbm  (e.g., a welded joint or glue or heat activated epoxy or female/male threaded screw components and/or any other suitable mechanism) and/or via any suitable rigid coupling material or mechanism  1175   bb  (e.g., a rigid body that may include a welded joint or glue or heat activated epoxy or female/male threaded screw components and/or any other suitable mechanism to rigidly couple to second end  1175   srfb  and that may include one or more threaded screw holes (e.g., hole  1175   bbrh  and/or hole  1175   bblh ) or any other suitable mechanism that may be used for rigidly coupling mechanism  1175   bb  to device housing  201 ). Additionally or alternatively, for example, as shown, haptic coupling mechanism  1175  may provide a second flexure leafy spring  1175   sl , where spring  1175   sl  may extend from a first end  1175   slft  to a second end  1175   slfb  via any suitable intermediate portion  1175   slx , where intermediate portion  1175   slx  may be rigidly or substantially rigidly coupled to any suitable portion of actuator housing  251  (e.g., to any suitable portion of wall  251   l ) via any suitable rigid coupling material or mechanism  1175   slxm  (e.g., a welded joint or glue or heat activated epoxy or female/male threaded screw components and/or any other suitable mechanism) for rigidly or substantially rigidly coupling any suitable portion of intermediate portion  1175   slx  of spring  1175   sl  to any suitable portion of any suitable wall (e.g., wall  251   l ) of actuator housing  251 , where first end  1175   slft  may be rigidly or substantially rigidly coupled to any suitable portion of device housing  201  (e.g., to any suitable portion  201   cl   1 ) via any suitable rigid coupling material or mechanism  1175   slftm  (e.g., a welded joint or glue or heat activated epoxy or female/male threaded screw components and/or any other suitable mechanism) and/or via any suitable rigid coupling material or mechanism  1175   bt  (e.g., a rigid body that may include a welded joint or glue or heat activated epoxy or female/male threaded screw components and/or any other suitable mechanism to rigidly couple to first end  1175   slft  and that may include one or more threaded screw holes (e.g., hole  1175   btrh  and/or hole  1175   btlh ) or any other suitable mechanism that may be used for rigidly coupling mechanism  1175   bt  to device housing  201 ), and where second end  1175   slfb  may be rigidly or substantially rigidly coupled to any suitable portion of device housing  201  (e.g., to any suitable portion  201   cl   1 ) via any suitable rigid coupling material or mechanism  1175   slfbm  (e.g., a welded joint or glue or heat activated epoxy or female/male threaded screw components and/or any other suitable mechanism) and/or via any suitable rigid coupling material or mechanism  1175   bb  (e.g., a rigid body that may include a welded joint or glue or heat activated epoxy or female/male threaded screw components and/or any other suitable mechanism to rigidly couple to second end  1175   slfb  and that may include one or more threaded screw holes (e.g., hole  1175   bbrh  and/or hole  1175   bblh ) or any other suitable mechanism that may be used for rigidly coupling mechanism  1175   bb  to device housing  201 ). Haptic coupling mechanism  1135  may include any suitable rigid coupling material or mechanism  1135   srxm  (e.g., a welded joint or glue or heat activated epoxy or female/male threaded screw components and/or any other suitable mechanism) for rigidly or substantially rigidly coupling any suitable portion of any suitable wall (e.g., wall  251   r ) of actuator housing  251  to any suitable portion (e.g., end  230   e ) of user input component  230  (e.g., via intermediate portion  1175   srx  of spring  1175   sr  and/or via rigid coupling mechanism  1175   srxm  (as shown)). Additionally or alternatively, as shown, multi-modal haptic feedback assembly  1100  may be configured to provide haptic-input coupling mechanism  245  as another haptic coupling mechanism  1145  that may have different response characteristics than haptic coupling mechanism  1135 , where haptic coupling mechanism  1145  may include any suitable rigid coupling material or mechanism  1145   slxm  (e.g., a welded joint or glue or heat activated epoxy or female/male threaded screw components and/or any other suitable mechanism) for rigidly or substantially rigidly coupling any suitable portion of any suitable wall (e.g., wall  251   l ) of actuator housing  251  to any suitable portion of user input component  240  (not shown in  FIG. 11 ) (e.g., via intermediate portion  1175   slx  of spring  1175   sl  and/or via rigid coupling mechanism  1175   slxm  (as shown)). Therefore, while a portion of input component  230  may be rigidly or substantially rigidly physically coupled to actuator housing  251  by haptic coupling mechanism  1135  (e.g., via rigid coupling mechanism  1135   srxm  and via intermediate portion  1175   srx  of spring  1175   sr  (e.g., a rigid material) and via rigid coupling mechanism  1175   srxm  (as shown)), device housing  201  may be physically coupled in a less rigid manner to actuator housing  251  by haptic coupling mechanism  1175  (e.g., via one or more of free ends  1175   srfb  and  1175   srft  of spring  1175   sr  and/or via one or more of free ends  1175   slfb  and  1175   slft  of spring  1175   sl ), as any free end of any sprig of haptic coupling mechanism  1175  (e.g., free with respect to actuator housing  251 ) may be configured to provide a physical coupling to actuator housing  251  with response characteristics that are different (e.g., less rigid (e.g., more compliant)) by any suitable amount than the response characteristics of the physical coupling to actuator housing  251  of rigid or substantially rigid haptic coupling mechanism  1135  due to the configuration of the spring(s). 
     Therefore, any haptic-housing coupling mechanism (e.g., any suitable spring and/or compliant grommet and/or compliant adhesive cushion and/or the like) may be configured or operative to act like a rigid or substantially rigid physical coupling or any other suitable coupling that may enable the haptic-housing coupling mechanism to at least substantially closely tie the movement of its coupled housing to the movement of its coupled actuator for an actuator waveform (AWF) with a parameter (e.g., a frequency parameter) up to a certain magnitude of first threshold but also to exhibit more compliance for dampening or absorbing the effects of the AWF (e.g., frequency of the AWF producing the device waveform of the haptic-housing coupling mechanism) as the AWF&#39;s parameter becomes stronger than some second threshold that may be greater than or equal to the first threshold (e.g., as a frequency parameter of the AWF increases beyond a particular cut-off threshold) for enabling the haptic-housing coupling mechanism to allow the movement of its coupled housing to not be closely tied to the movement of its coupled actuator, while any haptic-input coupling mechanism may be operative to act like a rigid or substantially rigid physical coupling even when the parameter of the AWF becomes stronger than the second threshold (e.g., as may be shown in  FIG. 12 ). An actuator housing of a single haptic actuator housing may be soft mounted to a device housing of an electronic device (e.g., with a mount resonance above the resonance frequency f 0  of the haptic actuator) and hard mounted to a user input component of the device not physically coupled to the device housing, such that the device waveform of the device housing produced by the actuator waveform of the actuator housing and the device waveform of the input component produced by the actuator waveform of the actuator housing may be separated through frequency separation (e.g., at least at certain frequencies of the actuator waveform). This may enable multi-modal haptic feedback to be produced by an electronic device with a single haptic actuator that may be outputting only a single actuator waveform at any moment in time (e.g., rather than utilizing two distinct haptic actuators for generating two distinct actuator waveforms at a moment in time). Only one or more simple additional mechanisms (e.g., one or more compliant mechanisms (e.g., any suitable spring and/or compliant grommet and/or compliant adhesive cushion and/or the like)) may be utilized for enabling an electronic device with a single haptic actuator to provide multi-modal haptic feedback for different portions of the device (e.g., the device housing and a user input component), thereby providing a low cost solution and/or a low power solution and/or a limited real-estate resource solution for enabling such multi-modal haptic feedback on a particular electronic device. The net haptic effect and/or decoupling may be enabled by a haptic-housing coupling mechanism, a haptic-input coupling mechanism, and a transition between two different actuator waveforms (e.g., a transition from an actuator waveform with a first frequency parameter below a threshold (e.g., a threshold that may be dependent on characteristics of the coupling mechanisms) to an actuator waveform with a second frequency parameter greater than the threshold (e.g., using any suitable haptic synthesizer application (e.g., application  103  or application  203 ) that may be configured to be used by a synthesizer engine or any suitable module to generate and/or provide instructions or voltage waveforms (input waveforms) for generating specific actuator waveforms for dictating a specific mode of the multi-modal haptic feedback)). In some embodiments, there may be three or more modes of the multi-modal haptic feedback enabled by the electronic device. For example, there may be a compliant haptic-housing coupling mechanism for coupling the actuator housing to the device housing, a first haptic-input coupling mechanism for coupling a first input component to the actuator housing, and a second haptic-input coupling mechanism for coupling a second input component to the actuator housing. In some embodiments, such a second haptic-input coupling mechanism may be less compliant or otherwise differently responsive than the haptic-housing coupling mechanism but more compliant or otherwise differently responsive than the first haptic-input coupling mechanism, such that a first threshold or parameter range may be defined (e.g., based on characteristics of the haptic actuator) for an AWF that may provide a first haptic alert (e.g., similar detectable DWFs at the device housing and each input component), a second threshold or parameter range may be defined (e.g., based on the response or compliance of the haptic-housing coupling mechanism) for an AWF that may provide a second haptic alert (e.g., similar detectable DWFs at each input component and a mild or unnoticeable DWF at the device housing), and a third threshold or parameter range may be defined (e.g., based on the response or compliance of the second input component) for an AWF that may provide a third haptic alert (e.g., a detectable DWF at the first input component and a mild or unnoticeable DWF at the device housing and a mild or unnoticeable DWF at the second input component). 
     As shown in  FIG. 13 , any or each electronic device may be provided with a subsystem  113  that may be operative to support higher peak power for certain types of an actuator input waveform IWF while avoiding brown outs. For example, such higher peak power may be utilized to provide short bursts by an actuator input waveform IWF with a higher peak power that may be used for providing a second haptic alert of a second mode with a higher peak force in which a specific portion of the device (e.g., the user input component of the device) may be perceived by the device user to be providing a localized haptic feedback (e.g., a short click/detent asset) that is distinguishable from (e.g., greater than) any haptic feedback being provided by another portion of the device (e.g., a majority of the device&#39;s housing), which may be carried out in response to detecting a user interacting with a user input component in a particular manner. As shown, for example, any suitable battery  108   b  of power supply  108  may be operative to provide power P Bat  (e.g., via any suitable bus  114 ) to a boost component  108   t  (e.g., a voltage regulator), which may also receive any suitable input current or power limit control signal  108   g  (e.g., from any suitable processor) and may be used to recharge an energy storage component  108   r  (e.g., a capacitor (e.g., 1 mF or higher)) over a drawn out period of time without exceeding a power limit of battery  108   b , such as with at least a portion of a P Boost  while another portion of P Boost  may be used to provide long waves via at least a portion of P Engine  to a driver amplifier  108   d  (e.g., a class-D amplifier) that may be used by driver amplifier  108   d  to drive haptic actuator output component  250  with IWF with long waves. When needed, and without discharging to a voltage that would be too low, energy storage component  108   r  may be used to supply a short burst of current via P Cap  to provide at least a portion of P Engine  to driver amplifier  108   d  that may be used by driver amplifier  108   d  to drive haptic actuator output component  250  with IWF with short bursts (e.g., 4 Watts for 10 milliseconds). This scheme may enable a higher peak power for short waveforms and can enable a higher peak force for a localized haptic mode of a multi-mode haptic feedback feature of the electronic device. 
     An electronic device may be configured to detect different types of user interactions with an input component in different manners and provide different haptic responses to such detections. For example, as shown in  FIG. 14 , an electronic device  1400  may include first haptic-input coupling mechanism  235  that may physically couple haptic actuator output component  250  to first input component  230 , first haptic-housing coupling mechanism  275  that may physically couple haptic actuator output component  250  to first housing coupling location  201   cl   1  of housing  201 , and second haptic-housing coupling mechanism  285  that may physically couple haptic actuator output component  250  to second housing coupling location  201   cl   2  of housing  201 , where input component  230  may include a user interface region  230   u  exposed external to housing  201  and a stem region  230   s  extending between user interface region  230   u  and haptic-input coupling mechanism  235 , while any suitable tactile click switch  230   t  may be coupled to haptic actuator output component  250  (e.g., to stator housing  251 ) and may be operative to be pushed in the direction of arrow L by haptic actuator output component  250  against any suitable housing or other internal component  201   m  in order for tactile click switch  230   t  to provide click tactile feedback that may be felt by a user interfacing with user interface region  230   u  when such a user pushes input component  230  in the linear direction of arrow L. This may provide a more silent tactile switch than an electronic device  1500  of  FIG. 15  that may include first haptic-input coupling mechanism  235  that may physically couple haptic actuator output component  250  to first input component  230 , first haptic-housing coupling mechanism  275  that may physically couple haptic actuator output component  250  to first housing coupling location  201   cl   1  of housing  201 , and second haptic-housing coupling mechanism  285  that may physically couple haptic actuator output component  250  to second housing coupling location  201   cl   2  of housing  201 , where input component  230  may include user interface region  230   u  exposed external to housing  201  and stem region  230   s  extending between user interface region  230   u  and tactile click switch  230   t , which may be provided between input component  230  and haptic-input coupling mechanism  235 , while tactile click switch  230   t  may be operative to be pushed in the direction of arrow L by input component  230  against haptic-input coupling mechanism  235  in order for tactile click switch  230   t  to provide click tactile feedback that may be felt by a user interfacing with user interface region  230   u  when such a user pushes input component  230  in the linear direction of arrow L. An alternative user interaction with input component  230  other than depressing input component  230  in the linear direction of arrow L may be rotation of input component  230  about a linear axis in either the direction of arrow CW or arrow CCW, and any suitable sensor(s) may be provided to detect such rotation and initiate a localized haptic feedback mode of a multi-modal haptic feedback assembly at input component  230 . Therefore, device  1400  may provide both a silent tactile switch plus bi-modal click tactile feedback for different types of user interaction with input component  230 , and device  1500  may provide both a tactile switch plus bi-modal click tactile feedback for different types of user interaction with input component  230 . As shown in  FIG. 16 , an electronic device  1600  may include first haptic-input coupling mechanism  235  that may physically couple haptic actuator output component  250  to first input component  230 , first haptic-housing coupling mechanism  275  that may physically couple haptic actuator output component  250  to first housing coupling location  201   cl   1  of housing  201 , and second haptic-housing coupling mechanism  285  that may physically couple haptic actuator output component  250  to second housing coupling location  201   cl   2  of housing  201 , where input component  230  may include user interface region  230   u  exposed external to housing  201  and stem region  230   s  extending between user interface region  230   u  and haptic-input coupling mechanism  235 , while any suitable force sensor  230   f  (e.g., a strain gauge or a capacitive displacement sensor or a cap gap sensor or the like) may be positioned anywhere that may be operative to detect any suitable force exerted on input component  230  by a user or any suitable movement of input component  230  and/or the multi-modal feedback assembly and device  1600  may be configured such that any suitable press force (e.g., in the direction of arrow L) on user interface  230   u  by a user may be detected for initiating a localized haptic feedback mode of a multi-modal haptic feedback assembly at input component  230 . 
     Certain processes described herein (e.g., any waveform control applications and/or algorithms), as well as any other aspects of the disclosure, may each be implemented by software, but may also be implemented in hardware, firmware, or any combination of software, hardware, and firmware. They each may also be embodied as computer-readable code recorded on a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium may be any data storage device that can store data or instructions which can thereafter be read by a computer system. Examples of the computer-readable medium may include, but are not limited to, read-only memory, random-access memory, flash memory, CD-ROMs, DVDs, magnetic tape, and optical data storage devices (e.g., memory  104  of  FIG. 1 ). The computer-readable medium can also be distributed over network-coupled computer systems so that the computer readable code is stored and executed in a distributed fashion. For example, the computer-readable medium may be communicated from one electronic device to another electronic device using any suitable communications protocol. The computer-readable medium may embody computer-readable code, instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal, such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and may include any information delivery media. A modulated data signal may be a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. 
     Many alterations and modifications of the preferred embodiments will no doubt become apparent to a person of ordinary skill in the art after having read the foregoing description, it is to be understood that the particular embodiments shown and described by way of illustration are in no way intended to be considered limiting. Insubstantial changes from the claimed subject matter as viewed by a person with ordinary skill in the art, now known or later devised, are expressly contemplated as being equivalently within the scope of the claims. Therefore, obvious substitutions now or later known to one with ordinary skill in the art are defined to be within the scope of the defined elements. It is also to be understood that various directional and orientational terms, such as “up” and “down,” “front” and “back,” “left” and “right,” “upper” and “lower,” “top” and “bottom” and “side,” “vertical” and “horizontal” and “diagonal,” “length” and “width” and “thickness” and “diameter” and “cross-section” and “longitudinal,” “X-” and “Y-” and “Z-,” and/or the like, may be used herein only for convenience, and that no fixed or absolute directional or orientational limitations are intended by the use of these words. If reoriented, different directional or orientational terms may need to be used in their description, but that will not alter their fundamental nature as within the scope and spirit of the subject matter described herein in any way. Thus, references to the details of the described embodiments are not intended to limit their scope.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20190501
Publication Date: 20211019
Grant Date: 20211019
Priority Date: 20180928
Inventors: AMIN-SHAHIDI, DARYA
LEE, ALEX M.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G06F1/169", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/016", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0346", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/016", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0362", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/163", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/016", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 69947490