PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-11089562-B2
Application Number: US-201916292129-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Electronic devices having multi-band satellite navigation capabilities

Abstract:
An electronic device may be provided with first and second antennas and satellite navigation receiver circuitry. The first antenna may receive first satellite navigation signals in a first satellite navigation frequency band such as the L5 band. The second antenna may receive second satellite navigation signals in a second satellite navigation frequency band such as the L1 band. Control circuitry may process the satellite navigation signals received in the first and second satellite navigation frequency bands to identify a geographic location of the electronic device with a high degree of precision and accuracy. The first and second antennas may transmit radio-frequency signals in non-satellite frequency bands such as cellular telephone bands using a multiple-input and multiple-output scheme. The antennas may include antenna resonating elements formed from segments of peripheral conductive housing structures for the electronic device.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An electronic device comprising:
 a first antenna that includes a first antenna feed and that is configured to receive first radio-frequency signals in a first satellite navigation frequency band using the first antenna feed; and 
 a second antenna that includes second and third antenna feeds and that is configured to receive second radio-frequency signals in a second satellite navigation frequency band using the second antenna feed and that is configured to transmit and receive third radio-frequency signals in a non-satellite frequency band using the third antenna feed, the second satellite navigation frequency band being different from the first satellite navigation frequency band, wherein the second antenna is configured to receive the second radio-frequency signals concurrently with the reception of the first radio-frequency signals by the first antenna. 
 
     
     
       2. The electronic device defined in  claim 1 , wherein the first antenna is configured to transmit fourth radio-frequency signals in the non-satellite frequency band. 
     
     
       3. The electronic device defined in  claim 2 , wherein the first antenna is configured to transmit the fourth radio-frequency signals concurrently with transmission of the third radio-frequency signals by the second antenna using a multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) scheme. 
     
     
       4. The electronic device defined in  claim 3 , further comprising:
 a third antenna configured to transmit fifth radio-frequency signals in the non-satellite frequency band; and 
 a fourth antenna configured to transmit sixth radio-frequency signals in the non-satellite frequency band. 
 
     
     
       5. The electronic device defined in  claim 4 , wherein the non-satellite frequency band comprises a frequency band selected from the group consisting of: a cellular telephone frequency band, a wireless local area network frequency band, and a wireless personal area network frequency band. 
     
     
       6. The electronic device defined in  claim 4 , wherein the first satellite navigation frequency band comprises an L5 frequency band. 
     
     
       7. The electronic device defined in  claim 1  wherein the first satellite navigation frequency band comprises a frequency greater than 1300 MHz and the second satellite navigation frequency band comprises a frequency less than 1300 MHz. 
     
     
       8. The electronic device defined in  claim 7 , wherein the first satellite navigation frequency band comprises an L5 frequency band and the second satellite navigation frequency band comprises an L1 frequency band. 
     
     
       9. The electronic device defined in  claim 8 , wherein the first antenna is configured to transmit fourth radio-frequency signals in the non-satellite frequency band. 
     
     
       10. The electronic device defined in  claim 1 , further comprising:
 peripheral conductive housing structures having a first segment that forms a first antenna resonating element for the first antenna and a second segment that forms a second antenna resonating element for the second antenna; and 
 ground structures, wherein the ground structures are separated from the first antenna resonating element by a first slot and are separated from the second antenna resonating element by a second slot, the ground structures forming part of both the first and second antennas. 
 
     
     
       11. The electronic device defined in  claim 10 , further comprising a display mounted to the peripheral conductive housing structures and having conductive display structures that form part of the ground structures. 
     
     
       12. The electronic device defined in  claim 1 , further comprising:
 satellite navigation receiver circuitry having a first port coupled to the first antenna and a second port coupled to the second antenna; and 
 control circuitry coupled to the satellite navigation receiver circuitry and configured to identify a location of the electronic device based on the received first and second radio-frequency signals. 
 
     
     
       13. An electronic device comprising:
 an antenna ground; 
 peripheral conductive housing structures having a first segment separated from the antenna ground by a first slot and having a second segment separated from the antenna ground by a second slot; 
 a first antenna having a first antenna feed coupled to the first segment and the antenna ground across the first slot, wherein the first antenna is configured to receive first satellite navigation signals in a first frequency band and the first antenna is configured to convey first non-satellite radio-frequency signals in a non-satellite frequency band; 
 a second antenna having a second antenna feed coupled to the second segment and the antenna ground across the second slot, wherein the second antenna is configured to receive second satellite navigation signals in a second frequency band at higher frequencies than the first frequency band and the second antenna is configured to convey second non-satellite radio-frequency signals in the non-satellite frequency band; and 
 control circuitry configured to identify a geographic location of the electronic device based on the received first and second satellite navigation signals with a higher accuracy relative to a geographic location identified based on a single received satellite navigation signal. 
 
     
     
       14. The electronic device defined in  claim 13 , further comprising:
 satellite navigation receiver circuitry having a first port coupled to the first antenna feed and a second port coupled to the second antenna feed. 
 
     
     
       15. The electronic device defined in  claim 14 , wherein the first antenna has a third antenna feed coupled to the first segment and the antenna ground across the first slot, the second antenna having a fourth antenna feed coupled to the second segment and the antenna ground across the second slot. 
     
     
       16. The electronic device defined in  claim 15 , wherein the first antenna is configured to convey the first non-satellite radio-frequency signals over the third antenna feed, the second antenna is configured to convey the second non-satellite radio-frequency signals over the fourth antenna feed, and the electronic device further comprises:
 non-satellite transceiver circuitry having a third port coupled to the third antenna feed and having a fourth port coupled to the fourth antenna feed. 
 
     
     
       17. The electronic device defined in  claim 16 , further comprising:
 a first radio-frequency transmission line coupled between the first port and the first antenna feed; 
 a second radio-frequency transmission line coupled between the second port and the second antenna feed; 
 first filter circuitry that is interposed on the first radio-frequency transmission line and that is configured to block the first non-satellite radio-frequency signals from passing to the first port; and 
 second filter circuitry that is interposed on the second radio-frequency transmission line and that is configured to block the second non-satellite radio-frequency signals from passing to the second port. 
 
     
     
       18. A cellular telephone, having a periphery comprising:
 peripheral conductive housing structures that run around the periphery; 
 a dielectric gap in the peripheral conductive housing structures that divides the peripheral conductive housing structures into first and second segments and that extends from the first segment to the second segment; 
 a first antenna configured to receive first radio-frequency signals in an L5 frequency band, wherein the first antenna comprises a first antenna resonating element formed from the first segment; 
 a second antenna configured to receive second radio-frequency signals in an L1 frequency band, wherein the second antenna is configured to receive the second radio-frequency signals concurrently with the reception of the first radio-frequency signals by the first antenna and the second antenna comprises a second antenna resonating element formed from the second segment; and 
 control circuitry having a first port coupled to the first antenna and a second port coupled to the second antenna, wherein the control circuitry is configured to identify a geographic location of the cellular telephone using the concurrently received first and second radio-frequency signals. 
 
     
     
       19. The cellular telephone defined in  claim 18 , further comprising:
 a third antenna configured to convey third radio-frequency signals in a cellular telephone frequency band; and 
 a fourth antenna configured to convey fourth radio-frequency signals in the cellular telephone frequency band.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     This relates to electronic devices and, more particularly, to electronic devices with wireless communications circuitry. 
     Electronic devices often include wireless communications circuitry. For example, cellular telephones, computers, and other devices often contain antennas and wireless transceivers for supporting wireless communications. 
     To satisfy consumer demand for small form factor wireless devices, manufacturers are continually striving to implement wireless communications circuitry such as antenna components using compact structures. At the same time, there is a desire for wireless devices to cover a growing number of communications bands. For example, it may be desirable for a wireless device to cover both cellular telephone frequency bands and satellite navigation frequency bands. 
     Because antennas have the potential to interfere with each other and with components in a wireless device, care must be taken when incorporating antennas into an electronic device. Moreover, care must be taken to ensure that the antennas and wireless circuitry in a device are able to exhibit satisfactory performance over the desired range of operating frequencies. 
     It would therefore be desirable to be able to provide improved wireless communications circuitry for wireless electronic devices. 
     SUMMARY 
     An electronic device may be provided with wireless circuitry and a housing having peripheral conductive housing structures. The wireless circuitry may include first and second antennas, satellite navigation receiver circuitry, and non-satellite transceiver circuitry. 
     The first antenna may be coupled to a first port on the satellite navigation receiver circuitry and the second antenna may be coupled to a second port on the satellite navigation receiver circuitry. The first antenna may receive first satellite navigation signals in a first satellite navigation frequency band. The second antenna may receive second satellite navigation signals in a second satellite navigation frequency band. The first satellite navigation frequency band may include the L5 frequency band and the second satellite navigation frequency band may include the L1 frequency band used in performing satellite navigation operations, as an example. Control circuitry on the electronic device may process the satellite navigation signals received in the first and second satellite navigation frequency bands to identify a geographic location of the electronic device with a high degree of precision and accuracy. 
     In one suitable arrangement, the first antenna may be coupled to a third port on the non-satellite transceiver circuitry and the second antenna may be coupled to a fourth port on the non-satellite transceiver circuitry. The first and second antennas may convey non-satellite radio-frequency signals in one or more non-satellite frequency bands (e.g., cellular telephone frequency bands, wireless local area network frequency bands, etc.) using the third and fourth ports. If desired, the wireless circuitry may include third and fourth antennas that also cover the non-satellite frequency bands. Two or more of the first, second, third, and fourth antennas may concurrently convey radio-frequency signals in the same non-satellite frequency bands using a multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) scheme. The first, second, third, and fourth antennas may include antenna resonating elements formed from respective segments of the peripheral conductive housing structures. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of an illustrative electronic device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram of illustrative circuitry in an electronic device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic diagram of illustrative wireless circuitry in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 4  is a diagram showing how an illustrative electronic device may use satellite navigation signals from different sets of satellites to perform multi-band satellite navigation operations in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 5  is a top view of illustrative circuitry in an electronic device for performing multi-band satellite navigation operations using multiple antennas in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 6  is a plot of antenna performance (antenna efficiency) for illustrative antennas of the type shown in  FIG. 5  in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 7  is a flow chart of illustrative steps that may be involved in performing multi-band satellite navigation operations using multiple antennas in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Electronic devices such as electronic device  10  of  FIG. 1  may be provided with wireless communications circuitry. The wireless communications circuitry may be used to support wireless communications in multiple wireless communications bands. 
     The wireless communications circuitry may include one or more antennas. The antennas of the wireless communications circuitry can include loop antennas, inverted-F antennas, strip antennas, planar inverted-F antennas, slot antennas, hybrid antennas that include antenna structures of more than one type, or other suitable antennas. Conductive structures for the antennas may, if desired, be formed from conductive electronic device structures. 
     The conductive electronic device structures may include conductive housing structures. The housing structures may include peripheral structures such as peripheral conductive structures that run around the periphery of the electronic device. The peripheral conductive structures may serve as a bezel for a planar structure such as a display, may serve as sidewall structures for a device housing, may have portions that extend upwards from an integral planar rear housing (e.g., to form vertical planar sidewalls or curved sidewalls), and/or may form other housing structures. 
     Gaps may be formed in the peripheral conductive structures that divide the peripheral conductive structures into peripheral segments. One or more of the segments may be used in forming one or more antennas for electronic device  10 . Antennas may also be formed using an antenna ground plane and/or an antenna resonating element formed from conductive housing structures (e.g., internal and/or external structures, support plate structures, etc.). 
     Electronic device  10  may be a portable electronic device or other suitable electronic device. For example, electronic device  10  may be a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a somewhat smaller device such as a wrist-watch device, pendant device, headphone device, earpiece device, or other wearable or miniature device, a handheld device such as a cellular telephone, a media player, or other small portable device. Device  10  may also be a set-top box, a desktop computer, a display into which a computer or other processing circuitry has been integrated, a display without an integrated computer, a wireless access point, a wireless base station, an electronic device incorporated into a kiosk, building, or vehicle, or other suitable electronic equipment. 
     Device  10  may include a housing such as housing  12 . Housing  12 , which may sometimes be referred to as a case, may be formed of plastic, glass, ceramics, fiber composites, metal (e.g., stainless steel, aluminum, etc.), other suitable materials, or a combination of these materials. In some situations, parts of housing  12  may be formed from dielectric or other low-conductivity material (e.g., glass, ceramic, plastic, sapphire, etc.). In other situations, housing  12  or at least some of the structures that make up housing  12  may be formed from metal elements. 
     Device  10  may, if desired, have a display such as display  14 . Display  14  may be mounted on the front face of device  10 . Display  14  may be a touch screen that incorporates capacitive touch electrodes or may be insensitive to touch. The rear face of housing  12  (i.e., the face of device  10  opposing the front face of device  10 ) may have a rear housing wall (e.g., a planar housing wall). The rear housing wall may have slots that pass entirely through the rear housing wall and that therefore separate housing wall portions (rear housing wall portions and/or sidewall portions) of housing  12  from each other. The rear housing wall may include conductive portions and/or dielectric portions. If desired, the rear housing wall may include a planar metal layer covered by a thin layer or coating of dielectric such as glass, plastic, sapphire, or ceramic. Housing  12  (e.g., the rear housing wall, sidewalls, etc.) may also have shallow grooves that do not pass entirely through housing  12 . The slots and grooves may be filled with plastic or other dielectric. If desired, portions of housing  12  that have been separated from each other (e.g., by a through slot) may be joined by internal conductive structures (e.g., sheet metal or other metal members that bridge the slot). 
     Display  14  may include pixels formed from light-emitting diodes (LEDs), organic LEDs (OLEDs), plasma cells, electrowetting pixels, electrophoretic pixels, liquid crystal display (LCD) components, or other suitable pixel structures. A display cover layer such as a layer of clear glass or plastic may cover the surface of display  14  or the outermost layer of display  14  may be formed from a color filter layer, thin-film transistor layer, or other display layer. If desired, buttons may pass through openings in the cover layer. The cover layer may also have other openings such as an opening for speaker port  8 . 
     Housing  12  may include peripheral housing structures such as structures  16 . Structures  16  may run around the periphery of device  10  and display  14 . In configurations in which device  10  and display  14  have a rectangular shape with four edges, structures  16  may be implemented using peripheral housing structures that have a rectangular ring shape with four corresponding edges (as an example). Peripheral structures  16  or part of peripheral structures  16  may serve as a bezel for display  14  (e.g., a cosmetic trim that surrounds all four sides of display  14  and/or that helps hold display  14  to device  10 ). Peripheral structures  16  may, if desired, form sidewall structures for device  10  (e.g., by forming a metal band with vertical sidewalls, curved sidewalls, etc.). 
     Peripheral housing structures  16  may be formed of a conductive material such as metal and may therefore sometimes be referred to as peripheral conductive housing structures, conductive housing structures, peripheral metal structures, peripheral conductive housing sidewall structures, peripheral conductive housing sidewalls, peripheral conductive sidewalls, or a peripheral conductive housing member (as examples). Peripheral conductive housing structures  16  may be formed from a metal such as stainless steel, aluminum, or other suitable materials. One, two, three, four, five, six, or more than six separate structures may be used in forming peripheral conductive housing structures  16 . 
     It is not necessary for peripheral conductive housing structures  16  to have a uniform cross-section. For example, the top portion of peripheral conductive housing structures  16  may, if desired, have an inwardly protruding lip that helps hold display  14  in place. The bottom portion of peripheral conductive housing structures  16  may also have an enlarged lip (e.g., in the plane of the rear surface of device  10 ). Peripheral conductive housing structures  16  may have substantially straight vertical sidewalls, may have sidewalls that are curved, or may have other suitable shapes. In some configurations (e.g., when peripheral conductive housing structures  16  serve as a bezel for display  14 ), peripheral conductive housing structures  16  may run around the lip of housing  12  (i.e., peripheral conductive housing structures  16  may cover only the edge of housing  12  that surrounds display  14  and not the rest of the sidewalls of housing  12 ). 
     If desired, housing  12  may have a conductive rear surface or wall. For example, housing  12  may be formed from a metal such as stainless steel or aluminum. The rear surface of housing  12  may lie in a plane that is parallel to display  14 . In configurations for device  10  in which the rear surface of housing  12  is formed from metal, it may be desirable to form parts of peripheral conductive housing structures  16  as integral portions of the housing structures forming the rear surface of housing  12 . For example, a conductive rear housing wall of device  10  may be formed from a planar metal structure and portions of peripheral conductive housing structures  16  on the sides of housing  12  may be formed as flat or curved vertically extending integral metal portions of the planar metal structure. Housing structures such as these may, if desired, be machined from a block of metal and/or may include multiple metal pieces that are assembled together to form housing  12 . The conductive rear wall of housing  12  may have one or more, two or more, or three or more portions. Peripheral conductive housing structures  16  and/or the conductive rear wall of housing  12  may form one or more exterior surfaces of device  10  (e.g., surfaces that are visible to a user of device  10 ) and/or may be implemented using internal structures that do not form exterior surfaces of device  10  (e.g., conductive housing structures that are not visible to a user of device  10  such as conductive structures that are covered with layers such as thin cosmetic layers, protective coatings, and/or other coating layers that may include dielectric materials such as glass, ceramic, plastic, or other structures that form the exterior surfaces of device  10  and/or serve to hide structures  16  and/or the conductive rear wall of housing  12  from view of the user). 
     Display  14  may have an array of pixels that form an active area AA that displays images for a user of device  10 . An inactive border region such as inactive area IA may run along one or more of the peripheral edges of active area AA. 
     Display  14  may include conductive structures such as an array of capacitive electrodes for a touch sensor, conductive lines for addressing pixels, driver circuits, etc. Housing  12  may include internal conductive structures such as metal frame members and a planar conductive housing member (sometimes referred to as a backplate) that spans the walls of housing  12  (e.g., a substantially rectangular sheet formed from one or more metal parts that is welded or otherwise connected between opposing sides of peripheral conductive housing structures  16 ). The backplate may form an exterior rear surface of device  10  or may be covered by layers such as thin cosmetic layers, protective coatings, and/or other coatings that may include dielectric materials such as glass, ceramic, plastic, or other structures that form the exterior surfaces of device  10  and/or serve to hide the backplate from view of the user. Device  10  may also include conductive structures such as printed circuit boards, components mounted on printed circuit boards, and other internal conductive structures. These conductive structures, which may be used in forming a ground plane in device  10 , may extend under active area AA of display  14 , for example. 
     In regions  22  and  20 , openings may be formed within the conductive structures of device  10  (e.g., between peripheral conductive housing structures  16  and opposing conductive ground structures such as conductive portions of the rear wall of housing  12 , conductive traces on a printed circuit board, conductive electrical components in display  14 , etc.). These openings, which may sometimes be referred to as gaps or slots, may be filled with air, plastic, ceramic, and/or other dielectrics and may be used in forming slot antenna resonating elements for one or more antennas in device  10 , if desired. 
     Conductive housing structures and other conductive structures in device  10  may serve as a ground plane for the antennas in device  10 . The openings in regions  20  and  22  may serve as slots in open or closed slot antennas, may serve as a central dielectric region that is surrounded by a conductive path of materials in a loop antenna, may serve as a space that separates an antenna resonating element such as a strip antenna resonating element or an inverted-F antenna resonating element from the ground plane, may contribute to the performance of a parasitic antenna resonating element, or may otherwise serve as part of antenna structures formed in regions  20  and  22 . If desired, the ground plane that is under active area AA of display  14  and/or other metal structures in device  10  may have portions that extend into parts of the ends of device  10  (e.g., the ground may extend towards the dielectric-filled openings in regions  20  and  22 ), thereby narrowing the slots in regions  20  and  22 . 
     In general, device  10  may include any suitable number of antennas (e.g., one or more, two or more, three or more, four or more, etc.). The antennas in device  10  may be located at opposing first and second ends of an elongated device housing (e.g., in regions  20  and  22  of housing  12  of  FIG. 1 ), along one or more edges of the device housing, in the center of the device housing, in other suitable locations, or in one or more of these locations. The arrangement of  FIG. 1  is merely illustrative. 
     Portions of peripheral conductive housing structures  16  may be provided with peripheral gap structures. For example, peripheral conductive housing structures  16  may be provided with one or more gaps such as gaps  18 , as shown in  FIG. 1 . The gaps in peripheral conductive housing structures  16  may be filled with dielectric such as polymer, ceramic, glass, air, other dielectric materials, or combinations of these materials. Gaps  18  may divide peripheral conductive housing structures  16  into one or more peripheral conductive segments. There may be, for example, two peripheral conductive segments in peripheral conductive housing structures  16  (e.g., in an arrangement with two gaps  18 ), three peripheral conductive segments (e.g., in an arrangement with three gaps  18 ), four peripheral conductive segments (e.g., in an arrangement with four gaps  18 ), six peripheral conductive segments (e.g., in an arrangement with six gaps  18 ), etc. The segments of peripheral conductive housing structures  16  that are formed in this way may form parts of antennas in device  10 . 
     If desired, openings in housing  12  such as grooves that extend partway or completely through housing  12  may extend across the width of the rear wall of housing  12  and may penetrate through the rear wall of housing  12  to divide the rear wall into different portions. These grooves may also extend into peripheral conductive housing structures  16  and may form antenna slots, gaps  18 , and other structures in device  10 . Polymer or other dielectric may fill these grooves and other housing openings. In some situations, housing openings that form antenna slots and other structure may be filled with a dielectric such as air. 
     In a typical scenario, device  10  may have one or more upper antennas and one or more lower antennas (as an example). An upper antenna may, for example, be formed at the upper end of device  10  in region  22 . A lower antenna may, for example, be formed at the lower end of device  10  in region  20 . The antennas may be used separately to cover identical communications bands, overlapping communications bands, or separate communications bands. The antennas may be used to implement an antenna diversity scheme and/or a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna scheme. 
     Antennas in device  10  may be used to support any communications bands of interest. For example, device  10  may include antenna structures for supporting local area network communications, voice and data cellular telephone communications, global positioning system (GPS) communications or other satellite navigation system communications, Bluetooth® communications, near-field communications, etc. If desired, one or more of the antennas may be used to cover both satellite navigation system communications and cellular telephone communications. 
     A schematic diagram showing illustrative components that may be used in device  10  is shown in  FIG. 2 . As shown in  FIG. 2 , device  10  may include control circuitry  28 . Control circuitry  28  may include storage such as storage circuitry  30 . Storage circuitry  30  may include hard disk drive storage, nonvolatile memory (e.g., flash memory or other electrically-programmable-read-only memory configured to form a solid-state drive), volatile memory (e.g., static or dynamic random-access-memory), etc. 
     Control circuitry  28  may include processing circuitry such as processing circuitry  32 . Processing circuitry  32  may be used to control the operation of device  10 . Processing circuitry  32  may include on one or more microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, host processors, baseband processor integrated circuits, application specific integrated circuits, central processing units (CPUs), etc. Control circuitry  28  may be configured to perform operations in device  10  using hardware (e.g., dedicated hardware or circuitry), firmware, and/or software. Software code for performing operations in device  10  may be stored on storage circuitry  30  (e.g., storage circuitry  30  may include non-transitory (tangible) computer readable storage media that stores the software code). The software code may sometimes be referred to as program instructions, software, data, instructions, or code. Software code stored on storage circuitry  30  may be executed by processing circuitry  32 . 
     Control circuitry  28  may be used to run software on device  10  such as satellite navigation applications, internet browsing applications, voice-over-internet-protocol (VOIP) telephone call applications, email applications, media playback applications, operating system functions, etc. To support interactions with external equipment, control circuitry  28  may be used in implementing communications protocols. Communications protocols that may be implemented using control circuitry  28  include internet protocols, wireless local area network protocols (e.g., IEEE 802.11 protocols—sometimes referred to as WiFi®), protocols for other short-range wireless communications links such as the Bluetooth® protocol or other WPAN protocols, IEEE 802.11ad protocols, cellular telephone protocols, MIMO protocols, antenna diversity protocols, satellite navigation system protocols (e.g., global positioning system (GPS) protocols, global navigation satellite system (GLONASS) protocols, etc.), or any other desired communications protocols. Each communications protocol may be associated with a corresponding radio access technology (RAT) that specifies the physical connection methodology used in implementing the protocol. 
     Device  10  may include input-output circuitry  24 . Input-output circuitry  24  may include input-output devices  26 . Input-output devices  26  may be used to allow data to be supplied to device  10  and to allow data to be provided from device  10  to external devices. Input-output devices  26  may include user interface devices, data port devices, sensors, and other input-output components. For example, input-output devices may include touch screens, displays without touch sensor capabilities, buttons, joysticks, scrolling wheels, touch pads, key pads, keyboards, microphones, cameras, speakers, status indicators, light sources, audio jacks and other audio port components, digital data port devices, light sensors, gyroscopes, accelerometers or other components that can detect motion and device orientation relative to the Earth, capacitance sensors, proximity sensors (e.g., a capacitive proximity sensor and/or an infrared proximity sensor), magnetic sensors, and other sensors and input-output components. 
     Input-output circuitry  24  may include wireless circuitry such as wireless circuitry  34  (sometimes referred to herein as wireless communications circuitry  34 ) for wirelessly conveying radio-frequency signals. While control circuitry  28  is shown separately from wireless circuitry  34  in the example of  FIG. 2  for the sake of clarity, wireless circuitry  34  may include processing circuitry that forms a part of processing circuitry  32  and/or storage circuitry that forms a part of storage circuitry  30  of control circuitry  28  (e.g., portions of control circuitry  28  may be implemented on wireless circuitry  34 ). As an example, control circuitry  28  (e.g., processing circuitry  32 ) may include baseband processor circuitry or other control components that form a part of wireless circuitry  34 . 
     Wireless circuitry  34  may include radio-frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry formed from one or more integrated circuits, power amplifier circuitry, low-noise input amplifiers, passive RF components, one or more antennas, transmission lines, and other circuitry for handling RF wireless signals. Wireless signals can also be sent using light (e.g., using infrared communications). 
     Wireless circuitry  34  may include radio-frequency transceiver circuitry for handling various radio-frequency communications bands. For example, wireless circuitry  34  may include satellite navigation receiver circuitry  36 . Satellite navigation receiver circuitry  36  may include global positioning system (GPS) receiver equipment and may therefore sometimes be referred to herein as GPS receiver circuitry  36 . Satellite navigation receiver circuitry  36  may receive radio-frequency signals in one or more satellite navigation frequency bands (sometimes referred to herein as satellite navigation signals). The satellite navigation signals may be transmitted (broadcast) towards Earth by satellites in space. The satellite navigation signals may include data that has been encoded using a satellite navigation protocol (e.g., a GPS protocol). 
     Control circuitry  28  may process received satellite navigation signals to identify a geographic location of device  10 . In some scenarios, satellite navigation signals in a single satellite navigation frequency band may be used to identify the location of device  10 . If desired, satellite navigation signals in multiple satellite navigation frequency bands may be used to identify the location of device  10 . Satellite navigation signals in different satellite navigation frequency bands may be received concurrently by one or more antennas in device  10 . Performing satellite navigation operations using multiple satellite navigation frequency bands in this way may, for example, increase the accuracy and/or precision of the geographic location for device  10  relative to scenarios where only a single satellite navigation frequency band is used. 
     Examples of satellite navigation frequency bands (e.g., GPS frequency bands) that may be handled by satellite navigation receiver circuitry  36  include the L1 band (e.g., at 1575 MHz), the L2 band (e.g., at 1228 MHz), the L3 band (e.g., at 1381 MHz), the L4 band (e.g., at 1380 MHz), and the L5 band (e.g., at 1176 MHz). Each satellite navigation frequency band has a corresponding satellite navigation protocol that may be used by control circuitry  28  and satellite navigation receiver circuitry  36  to identify the geographic location of device  10 . Different sets of satellites may broadcast satellite navigation signals towards Earth in one or more of these satellite navigation frequency bands. For example, a first set of satellites may transmit satellite navigation signals in some of these frequency bands (e.g., the L1 band) whereas a second set of satellites may transmit satellite navigation signals in other frequency bands (e.g., the L5 band). Satellite navigation receiver circuitry  36  may include respective ports for receiving satellite navigation signals in different satellite navigation frequency bands. 
     In one suitable arrangement that is sometimes described herein as an example, satellite navigation receiver circuitry  36  concurrently receives first satellite navigation signals in the L1 frequency band from a first set of satellites and receives second satellite navigation signals in the L5 frequency band from a second set of satellites. However, this example is merely illustrative. In general, satellite navigation receiver circuitry  36  may handle satellite navigation signals in any combination of two or more satellite navigation frequency bands. As new satellite technology is deployed over time, the satellite navigation frequency bands may change and/or additional satellite navigation frequency bands may be introduced. Satellite navigation receiver circuitry  36  may handle any desired satellite navigation frequency bands at any desired frequencies. 
     As shown in  FIG. 2 , wireless circuitry  34  may also include non-satellite transceiver circuitry  38 . Non-satellite transceiver circuitry  38  may handle communications bands other than satellite navigation frequency bands such as 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands for Wi-Fi® (IEEE 802.11) communications or communications in other wireless local area network (WLAN) bands, the 2.4 GHz Bluetooth® communications band or other wireless personal area network (WPAN) bands, and/or cellular telephone frequency bands such as a cellular low band (LB) from 600 to 960 MHz, a cellular low-midband (LMB) from 1410 to 1510 MHz, a cellular midband (MB) from 1710 to 2170 MHz, a cellular high band (HB) from 2300 to 2700 MHz, a cellular ultra-high band (UHB) from 3400 to 3600 MHz, or other communications bands between 600 MHz and 4000 MHz or other suitable frequencies (as examples). 
     Non-satellite transceiver circuitry  38  may handle voice data and non-voice data. Wireless circuitry  34  may include circuitry for other short-range and long-range wireless links if desired. For example, wireless circuitry  34  may include 60 GHz transceiver circuitry (e.g., millimeter wave transceiver circuitry), circuitry for receiving television and radio signals, paging system transceivers, near field communications (NFC) circuitry, etc. 
     Wireless circuitry  34  may include antennas  40 . Antennas  40  may be formed using any suitable types of antenna structures. For example, antennas  40  may include antennas with resonating elements that are formed from loop antenna structures, patch antenna structures, inverted-F antenna structures, slot antenna structures, planar inverted-F antenna structures, helical antenna structures, dipole antenna structures, monopole antenna structures, hybrids of two or more of these designs, etc. Different types of antennas may be used for different bands and combinations of bands. 
     Space is often at a premium in electronic devices such as device  10 . In order to minimize space consumption within device  10 , the same antenna  40  may be used to cover multiple frequency bands. In one suitable arrangement that is described herein as an example, one or more antennas  40  in device  10  may handle satellite navigation signals in addition to radio-frequency signals in one or more cellular telephone frequency bands. Radio-frequency signals in frequency bands other than the satellite navigation frequency bands (e.g., radio-frequency signals in cellular telephone frequency bands, WPAN frequency bands, WLAN frequency bands, etc.) may sometimes be referred to herein as non-satellite radio-frequency signals. Frequency bands other than the satellite navigation frequency bands (e.g., cellular telephone frequency bands, WPAN frequency bands, WLAN frequency bands, etc.) may sometimes be referred to herein as non-satellite frequency bands. Multiple antennas  40  that handle communications in non-satellite frequency bands may be operated together using a multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) scheme. 
     A schematic diagram of wireless circuitry  34  is shown in  FIG. 3 . As shown in  FIG. 3 , wireless circuitry  34  may include transceiver circuitry  58  (e.g., satellite navigation receiver circuitry  36  or non-satellite transceiver circuitry  38  of  FIG. 2 ) that is coupled to a given antenna  40  using a path such as path  50 . Wireless communications circuitry  34  may be coupled to control circuitry  28 . Control circuitry  28  may be coupled to input-output devices  26 . Input-output devices  26  may supply output from device  10  and may receive input from sources that are external to device  10 . 
     To provide antenna structures such as antenna  40  with the ability to cover different frequencies of interest, antenna  40  may be provided with circuitry such as filter circuitry (e.g., one or more passive filters and/or one or more tunable filter circuits). Discrete components such as capacitors, inductors, and resistors may be incorporated into the filter circuitry. Capacitive structures, inductive structures, and resistive structures may also be formed from patterned metal structures (e.g., part of an antenna). If desired, antenna  40  may be provided with adjustable circuits such as tunable components  42  to tune the antenna over communications (frequency) bands of interest. Tunable components  42  may be part of a tunable filter or tunable impedance matching network, may be part of an antenna resonating element, may span a gap between an antenna resonating element and antenna ground, etc. 
     Tunable components  42  may include tunable inductors, tunable capacitors, or other tunable components. Tunable components such as these may be based on switches and networks of fixed components, distributed metal structures that produce associated distributed capacitances and inductances, variable solid state devices for producing variable capacitance and inductance values, tunable filters, or other suitable tunable structures. During operation of device  10 , control circuitry  28  may issue control signals on one or more paths such as path  56  that adjust inductance values, capacitance values, or other parameters associated with tunable components  42 , thereby tuning antenna  40  to cover desired frequency bands. Antenna tuning components that are used to adjust the frequency response of antenna  40  such as tunable components  42  may sometimes be referred to herein as antenna tuning components, tuning components, antenna tuning elements, tuning elements, adjustable tuning components, adjustable tuning elements, or adjustable components. Tunable components  42  may be used to tune the frequency response of antenna  40  to cover both a satellite navigation frequency band (e.g., the L1 or L5 band) and one or more cellular telephone frequency bands (e.g., a cellular low band, cellular midband, and/or cellular high band). 
     Path  50  may include one or more transmission lines. As an example, path  50  of  FIG. 3  may be a transmission line having a positive signal conductor such as line  52  and a ground signal conductor such as line  54 . Path  50  may sometimes be referred to herein as transmission line  50  or radio-frequency transmission line  50 . Line  52  may sometimes be referred to herein as positive signal conductor  52 , signal conductor  52 , signal line conductor  52 , signal line  52 , positive signal line  52 , signal path  52 , or positive signal path  52  of transmission line  50 . Line  54  may sometimes be referred to herein as ground signal conductor  54 , ground conductor  54 , ground line conductor  54 , ground line  54 , ground signal line  54 , ground path  54 , or ground signal path  54  of transmission line  50 . 
     Transmission line  50  may, for example, include a coaxial cable transmission line (e.g., ground conductor  54  may be implemented as a grounded conductive braid surrounding signal conductor  52  along its length), a stripline transmission line, a microstrip transmission line, coaxial probes realized by a metalized via, an edge-coupled microstrip transmission line, an edge-coupled stripline transmission line, a waveguide structure (e.g., a coplanar waveguide or grounded coplanar waveguide), combinations of these types of transmission lines and/or other transmission line structures, etc. 
     Transmission lines in device  10  such as transmission line  50  may be integrated into rigid and/or flexible printed circuit boards. In one suitable arrangement, transmission lines such as transmission line  50  may also include transmission line conductors (e.g., signal conductors  52  and ground conductors  54 ) integrated within multilayer laminated structures (e.g., layers of a conductive material such as copper and a dielectric material such as a resin that are laminated together without intervening adhesive). The multilayer laminated structures may, if desired, be folded or bent in multiple dimensions (e.g., two or three dimensions) and may maintain a bent or folded shape after bending (e.g., the multilayer laminated structures may be folded into a particular three-dimensional shape to route around other device components and may be rigid enough to hold its shape after folding without being held in place by stiffeners or other structures). All of the multiple layers of the laminated structures may be batch laminated together (e.g., in a single pressing process) without adhesive (e.g., as opposed to performing multiple pressing processes to laminate multiple layers together with adhesive). 
     A matching network (e.g., an adjustable matching network formed using tunable components  42 ) may include components such as inductors, resistors, and capacitors used in matching the impedance of antenna  40  to the impedance of transmission line  50 . Matching network components may be provided as discrete components (e.g., surface mount technology components) or may be formed from housing structures, printed circuit board structures, traces on plastic supports, etc. Components such as these may also be used in forming filter circuitry in antenna(s)  40  and may be tunable and/or fixed components. 
     Transmission line  50  may be coupled to antenna feed structures associated with antenna  40 . As an example, antenna  40  may form an inverted-F antenna, a slot antenna, a hybrid inverted-F slot antenna or other antenna having an antenna feed  44  with a positive antenna feed terminal such as terminal  46  and a ground antenna feed terminal such as ground antenna feed terminal  48 . Signal conductor  52  may be coupled to positive antenna feed terminal  46  and ground conductor  54  may be coupled to ground antenna feed terminal  48 . Positive antenna feed terminal  46  may be coupled to an antenna resonating element of antenna  40  whereas ground antenna feed terminal  48  is coupled to a ground plane of antenna  40  (sometimes referred to herein as an antenna ground), for example. Other types of antenna feed arrangements may be used if desired. For example, antenna  40  may be fed using multiple feeds each coupled to a respective port of transceiver circuitry  58  over a corresponding transmission line. If desired, signal conductor  52  may be coupled to multiple locations on antenna  40  (e.g., antenna  40  may include multiple positive antenna feed terminals coupled to signal conductor  52  of the same transmission line  50 ). Switches may be interposed on the signal conductor between transceiver circuitry  58  and the positive antenna feed terminals if desired (e.g., to selectively activate one or more positive antenna feed terminals at any given time). The illustrative feeding configuration of  FIG. 3  is merely illustrative. 
     Different antennas  40  in device  10  may be used to perform satellite navigation operations using different respective satellite navigation frequency bands.  FIG. 4  is a diagram showing how device  10  may perform satellite navigation operations using multiple satellite navigation frequency bands. As shown in  FIG. 4 , device  10  may be located at geographic location  60  on Earth  62 . Different sets of satellites (sometimes referred to as groups or constellations of satellites) such as a first set of satellites  64  and a second set of satellites  66  may be located in space over Earth  62 . The first set of satellites  64  may transmit (broadcast) satellite navigation signals  68  in a first satellite navigation frequency band (e.g., the L1 band). The second set of satellites  66  may broadcast satellite navigation signals  70  in a second satellite navigation frequency band (e.g., the L5 band). Antennas on device  10  may receive satellite navigation signals  68  and  70  and control circuitry  28  ( FIG. 2 ) may process the received satellite navigation signals to identify (e.g., triangulate) the geographic location  60  of device  10  on Earth  62  (e.g., based on the satellite navigation protocols such as GPS protocols associated with satellite navigation signals  68  and  70 ). Identifying the location of device  10  using multiple different satellite navigation frequency bands may allow device  10  to identify its location with greater precision and/or accuracy than when only a single satellite navigation frequency band is used (e.g., device  10  may identify geographic location  60  with greater precision and accuracy by processing satellite navigation signals received in both the L1 band and the L5 band than in scenarios where device  10  identifies its location using only satellite navigation signals in the L1 band). 
     Device  10  may include different antennas for handling different respective satellite navigation frequency bands. For example, device  10  may include a first antenna for handling the L1 band and a second antenna for handling the L5 band. In order to conserve space within device  10 , these antennas may also be used to cover non-satellite frequency bands such as one or more cellular telephone frequency bands. 
       FIG. 5  is a top view of device  10  illustrating how different antennas may be used to cover different frequency bands. As shown in  FIG. 5 , peripheral conductive housing structures  16  may be segmented by dielectric-filled gaps  18  (e.g., plastic gaps) that divide peripheral conductive housing structures  16  into segments. Gaps  18  may include a first gap  18 - 1 , a second gap  18 - 2 , a third gap  18 - 3 , a fourth gap  18 - 4 , a fifth gap  18 - 5 , and a sixth gap  18 - 6 . Gaps  18 - 6  and  18 - 1  may be formed on the left side of device  10 , gaps  18 - 4  and  18 - 3  may be formed on the right side of device  10 , gap  18 - 2  may be formed on the bottom side of device  10 , and gap  18 - 5  may be formed on the top side of device  10 . Gap  18 - 6  may separate a first segment  16 - 1  of peripheral conductive housing structures  16  from a sixth segment  16 - 6  of peripheral conductive housing structures  16 . Gap  18 - 5  may separate sixth segment  16 - 6  from a fifth segment  16 - 5  of peripheral conductive housing structures  16 . Gap  18 - 4  may separate fifth segment  16 - 5  from a fourth segment  16 - 4  of peripheral conductive housing structures  16 . Gap  18 - 3  may separate fourth segment  16 - 4  of peripheral conductive housing structures  16  from a third segment  16 - 3  of peripheral conductive housing structures  16 . Gap  18 - 2  may separate third segment  16 - 3  from second segment  16 - 2  of peripheral conductive housing structures  16 . Gap  18 - 1  may separate second segment  16 - 2  from first segment  16 - 1  of peripheral conductive housing structures  16 . 
     Device  10  may include ground structures  90 . Ground structures  90  may include one or more planar metal layers such as a metal layer used to form a rear housing wall for device  10 , a metal layer that forms an internal support structure for device  10 , conductive traces on a printed circuit board, and/or any other desired conductive layers in device  10 . Ground structures  90  may extend from segment  16 - 1  to segment  16 - 4  of peripheral conductive housing structures  16 . Ground structures  90  may be coupled to segments  16 - 1  and  16 - 4  using conductive adhesive, solder, welds, conductive screws, conductive pins, and/or any other desired conductive interconnect structures. If desired, ground structures  90  and segments  16 - 1  and  16 - 4  may be formed from different portions of a single integral conductive structure (e.g., a conductive housing for device  10 ). 
     Ground structures  90  need not be confined to a single plane and may, if desired, include multiple layers located in different planes or non-planar structures. Ground structures  90  may include conductive (e.g., grounded) portions of other electrical components within device  10 . For example, ground structures  90  may include conductive portions of display  14  of  FIG. 1 . Conductive portions of the display may include a metal frame for the display, a metal backplate for the display, shielding layers or shielding cans for the display, pixel circuitry in the display, touch sensor circuitry (e.g., touch sensor electrodes) for the display, and/or any other desired conductive structures in the display or used for mounting the display to the housing for device  10 . 
     Ground structures  90  and segments  16 - 6 ,  16 - 5 ,  16 - 3 , and  16 - 2  may be used in forming different antennas for device  10 . For example, device  10  may include a first antenna  40 - 1  formed from segment  16 - 3  and ground structures  90 , a second antenna  40 - 2  formed from segment  16 - 6  and ground structures  90 , a third antenna  40 - 3  formed from segment  16 - 2  and ground structures  90 , and a fourth antenna  40 - 4  formed from segment  16 - 5  and ground structures  90 . As an example, the resonating element for antenna  40 - 4  may include an inverted-F antenna resonating element arm that is formed from segment  16 - 5 . The resonating element for antenna  40 - 3  may include an inverted-F antenna resonating element arm that is formed from segment  16 - 2 . Similarly, the resonating element for antenna  40 - 2  may include an inverted-F antenna resonating element arm that is formed from segment  16 - 6  and the resonating element for antenna  40 - 1  may include an inverted-F antenna resonating element arm that is formed from segment  16 - 3 . This example is merely illustrative and, in general, antennas  40 - 1 ,  40 - 2 ,  40 - 3 , and  40 - 4  may include any desired antenna resonating element structures (e.g., slot antenna resonating elements, monopole antenna resonating elements, etc.). 
     Segments  16 - 6  and  16 - 5  may be separated from ground structures  90  by slot  72 . Segments  16 - 2  and  16 - 3  may be separated from ground structures  90  by slot  74 . Air and/or other dielectric material may fill slots  72  and  74 . Portions of slot  72  may contribute slot resonances to antennas  40 - 2  and  40 - 4  and portions of slot  74  may contribute slot resonances to antennas  40 - 3  and  40 - 1 , if desired. 
     Each antenna may include one or more antenna feeds (e.g., antenna feed  44  of  FIG. 3 ). In the example of  FIG. 5 , antenna  40 - 2  includes a first antenna feed  86 - 2  and a second antenna feed  88 - 2  coupled across slot  72 , antenna  40 - 4  includes antenna feed  88 - 4  coupled across slot  72 , antenna  40 - 1  includes a first antenna feed  86 - 1  and a second antenna feed  88 - 1  coupled across slot  74 , and antenna  40 - 3  includes antenna feed  88 - 3  coupled across slot  74 . Only the positive antenna feed terminals (e.g., positive antenna feed terminal  46  of  FIG. 3 ) of antenna feeds  88 - 1 ,  88 - 2 ,  88 - 3 ,  88 - 4 ,  86 - 1 , and  86 - 2  are shown in  FIG. 5  for the sake of clarity. In general, each antenna feed also includes a corresponding ground antenna feed terminal (e.g., ground antenna feed terminal  48  of  FIG. 3 ) coupled to ground structures  90 . The example of  FIG. 5  is merely illustrative. In general, antennas  40 - 1 ,  40 - 2 ,  40 - 3 , and  40 - 4  may include any desired number of antenna feeds. 
     Ground structures  90  and segments  16 - 1  and  16 - 4  may form portions of the antenna ground for antennas  40 - 1 ,  40 - 2 ,  40 - 3 , and  40 - 4 . If desired, slot  74  may be configured to form slot antenna resonating element structures that contribute to the overall performance of antennas  40 - 3  and/or  40 - 1 . Slot  74  may extend from gap  18 - 1  to gap  18 - 2  (e.g., the ends of slot  74  which may sometimes be referred to as open ends, may be formed by gaps  18 - 1  and  18 - 2 ). Slot  74  may have an elongated shape having any suitable length (e.g., about 4-20 cm, more than 2 cm, more than 4 cm, more than 8 cm, more than 12 cm, less than 25 cm, less than 10 cm, etc.) and any suitable width (e.g., approximately 2 mm, less than 2 mm, less than 3 mm, less than 4 mm, 1-3 mm, etc.). Gap  18 - 2  may be continuous with and extend perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the longest a portion of slot  74  (e.g., the portion of slot  74  extending from the left to the right of  FIG. 5 ). If desired, slot  74  may include vertical portions that extend parallel to the longitudinal axis of device  10  and upwards beyond gaps  18 - 1  and  18 - 2  (e.g., towards slot  72 ). 
     Similarly, slot  72  may be configured to form slot antenna resonating element structures that contribute to the overall performance of antennas  40 - 4  and/or  40 - 2 . Slot  72  may extend from gap  18 - 6  to gap  18 - 4  (e.g., the ends of slot  72  may be formed by gaps  18 - 6  and  18 - 4 ). Slot  72  may have an elongated shape having any suitable length (e.g., about 4-20 cm, more than 2 cm, more than 4 cm, more than 8 cm, more than 12 cm, less than 25 cm, less than 10 cm, etc.) and any suitable width (e.g., approximately 2 mm, less than 2 mm, less than 3 mm, less than 4 mm, 1-3 mm, etc.). Gap  18 - 5  may be continuous with and extend perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the longest a portion of slot  72 . If desired, slot  72  may include vertical portions that extend parallel to the longitudinal axis of device  10  and downwards beyond gaps  18 - 6  and  18 - 4  (e.g., towards slot  74 ). 
     Slots  72  and  74  may be filled with dielectric such as air, plastic, ceramic, or glass. For example, plastic may be inserted into portions of slots  72  and  74  and this plastic may be flush with the exterior of the housing for device  10 . Dielectric material in slot  72  may lie flush with dielectric material in gaps  18 - 6 ,  18 - 5 , and  18 - 4  at the exterior of the housing if desired. Dielectric material in slot  74  may lie flush with dielectric material in gaps  18 - 1 ,  18 - 3 , and  18 - 2  at the exterior of the housing. The example of  FIG. 5  in which slots  72  and  74  each have a U-shape is merely illustrative. If desired, slots  72  and  74  may have any other desired shapes (e.g., rectangular shapes, meandering shapes having curved and/or straight edges, etc.). 
     As shown in  FIG. 5 , device  10  may include transceiver module  86 . Transceiver module  86  may overlap and/or be mounted to ground structures  90  or may be formed elsewhere within device  10 . Transceiver module  86  may include satellite navigation receiver circuitry  36  and other non-satellite transceiver circuitry (e.g., non-satellite transceiver circuitry  38  of  FIG. 2 ). Transceiver module  86  may include an integrated circuit (chip), integrated circuit package, printed circuit board (e.g., rigid printed circuit board and/or flexible printed circuit), or other substrate (e.g., a substrate to which satellite navigation receiver circuitry  36  and the non-satellite transceiver circuitry are mounted). Transceiver module  86  may be coupled to the antennas in device  10  using different transmission lines such as transmission lines  82 - 1 ,  82 - 2 ,  82 - 3 ,  82 - 4 ,  80 - 1 , and  8 - 2  (e.g., radio-frequency transmission lines such as transmission line  50  of  FIG. 3 ). 
     Satellite navigation receiver circuitry  36  may have multiple radio-frequency ports. Each port may handle a different satellite navigation frequency band. In the example of  FIG. 5 , satellite navigation receiver circuitry  36  has a first port  76  and a second port  78 . First port  76  may handle the L1 band whereas second port  78  handles the L5 band, as an example. Port  76  may be coupled to antenna feed  86 - 2  on antenna  40 - 2  by transmission line  80 - 2 . Port  78  may be coupled to antenna feed  86 - 1  on antenna  40 - 1  by transmission line  80 - 1 . Satellite navigation receiver circuitry  36  may receive satellite navigation signals in the L1 band (e.g., satellite navigation signals  68  from the set of satellites  64  as shown in  FIG. 4 ) using antenna  40 - 2 , antenna feed  86 - 2 , transmission line  80 - 2 , and port  76 . Similarly, satellite navigation receiver circuitry  36  may receive satellite navigation signals in the L5 band (e.g., satellite navigation signals  70  from the set of satellites  66  as shown in  FIG. 4 ) using antenna  40 - 1 , antenna feed  86 - 1 , transmission line  80 - 1 , and port  78 . 
     Amplifier circuitry such as low noise amplifier  94  may be interposed on transmission line  80 - 2  for amplifying the satellite navigation signals received in the L1 band. Amplifier circuitry such as low noise amplifier  98  may be interposed on transmission line  80 - 1  for amplifying the satellite navigation signals received in the L5 band. Satellite navigation receiver circuitry  36  may convey the received satellite navigation signals to control circuitry  28  ( FIG. 2 ) over data path  89  (e.g., after down-converting the satellite navigation signals to baseband frequencies and/or performing analog-to-digital conversion on the satellite navigation signals). The control circuitry may process the satellite navigation signals received over both antennas  40 - 1  and  40 - 2  to identify the geographic location of device  10 . 
     In order to conserve space within device  10 , antennas  40 - 1  and  40 - 2  may also be used in handling non-satellite frequency bands such as one or more cellular telephone frequency bands. If desired, device  10  may include antennas that handle non-satellite frequency bands without also handling satellite navigation frequency bands. For example, antennas  40 - 3  and  40 - 4  of  FIG. 5  may handle cellular telephone communications without handling satellite navigation signals. Transceiver module  86  may include non-satellite radio-frequency ports such as ports  84 - 1 ,  84 - 2 ,  84 - 3 , and  84 - 4  (e.g., radio-frequency ports of non-satellite transceiver circuitry  38  of  FIG. 2 ). Port  84 - 2  may be coupled to antenna feed  88 - 2  of antenna  40 - 2  by transmission line  82 - 2 , port  84 - 4  may be coupled to antenna feed  88 - 4  of antenna  40 - 4  by transmission line  82 - 4 , port  84 - 3  may be coupled to antenna feed  88 - 3  of antenna  40 - 3  by transmission line  82 - 3 , and port  84 - 1  may be coupled to antenna feed  88 - 1  of antenna  40 - 1  by transmission line  82 - 1 . Transceiver module  86  may convey non-satellite radio-frequency signals in non-satellite frequency bands using antenna  40 - 1  (e.g., over port  84 - 1 , transmission line  82 - 1 , and antenna feed  88 - 1 ), antenna  40 - 2  (e.g., over port  84 - 2 , transmission line  82 - 2 , and antenna feed  88 - 2 ), antenna  40 - 3  (e.g., over port  84 - 3 , transmission line  82 - 3 , and antenna feed  88 - 3 ), and/or antenna  40 - 4  (e.g., over port  84 - 4 , transmission line  82 - 4 , and antenna feed  88 - 4 ). 
     Filter circuitry such as filter circuitry  92  may be interposed on transmission line  80 - 2 . Filter circuitry  92  may include antenna tuning circuitry (e.g., tunable components  42  of  FIG. 3  and/or passive tuning components) that configures antenna  40 - 2  to cover the satellite navigation frequency band associated with port  76  (e.g., the L1 band). In general, the length of segment  16 - 6 , the perimeter of slot  72 , and the antenna tuning circuitry in filter circuitry  92  may configure antenna  40 - 2  to radiate within desired frequency bands and with desired bandwidths. For example, antenna  40 - 2  may be configured to radiate in both the non-satellite frequency bands associated with port  84 - 2  and in the L1 band associated with port  76 . Similarly, filter circuitry such as filter circuitry  96  may be interposed on transmission line  80 - 1 . Filter circuitry  96  may include antenna tuning circuitry (e.g., tunable components  42  of  FIG. 3  and/or passive tuning components) that configures antenna  40 - 1  to cover the satellite navigation frequency band associated with port  78  (e.g., the L5 band). The length of segment  16 - 3 , the perimeter of slot  74 , and the antenna tuning circuitry in filter circuitry  96  may configure antenna  40 - 1  to radiate in both the non-satellite frequency bands associated with port  84 - 1  and in the L5 band associated with port  78 . In practice, it can be difficult to extend the bandwidth of antenna  40 - 2  to also cover additional satellite navigation frequency bands such as the L5 band. By offloading coverage of the L5 band to antenna  40 - 1 , antenna  40 - 2  may operate with satisfactory antenna efficiency in both the L1 band and the non-satellite frequency bands while antenna  40 - 1  operates with satisfactory antenna efficiency in both the L5 band and the non-satellite frequency bands. 
     Filter circuitry  92  and filter circuitry  96  may also include one or more filters (e.g., low pass filters, high pass filters, notch filters, bandpass filters, etc.) that block radio-frequency signals in non-satellite frequency bands from passing to ports  76  and  78 . This may serve to isolate satellite navigation receiver circuitry  36  from the non-satellite radio-frequency signals that are also conveyed by antennas  40 - 1  and  40 - 2 . 
     The example of  FIG. 5  is merely illustrative. Additional tuning circuitry and/or impedance matching circuitry may be coupled to any desired locations on antennas  40 - 1 ,  40 - 2 ,  40 - 3 , and  40 - 4 . If desired, the same antenna feed may be used to convey radio-frequency signals in both satellite navigation frequency bands and non-satellite frequency bands (e.g., both ports  84 - 2  and  76  may be coupled to antenna feed  86 - 2  for feeding antenna  40 - 2  and both ports  84 - 1  and  78  may be coupled to antenna feed  86 - 1  for feeding antenna  40 - 1 ). More than two antennas may be used to receive radio-frequency signals in satellite navigation frequency bands if desired. 
     When performing communications in non-satellite frequency bands using a single antenna, a single stream of wireless data may be conveyed between device  10  and external communications equipment (e.g., one or more other wireless devices such as wireless base stations, access points, cellular telephones, computers, etc.). This may impose an upper limit on the data rate (data throughput) obtainable by device  10  in communicating with the external communications equipment. As software applications and other device operations increase in complexity over time, the amount of data that needs to be conveyed between device  10  and the external communications equipment typically increases, such that a single antenna may not be capable of providing sufficient data throughput for handling the desired device operations. 
     In order to increase the overall data throughput of wireless circuitry  34  ( FIG. 2 ), multiple antennas may be operated using a multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) scheme. When operating using a MIMO scheme, two or more antennas on device  10  may be used to convey multiple independent streams of wireless data at the same frequency. This may significantly increase the overall data throughput between device  10  and the external communications equipment relative to scenarios where only a single antenna is used. In general, the greater the number of antennas that are used for conveying wireless data under the MIMO scheme, the greater the overall throughput of the wireless communications circuitry. 
     In order to perform wireless communications under a MIMO scheme, the antennas in device  10  need to convey data at the same frequencies. If desired, device  10  may perform so-called two-stream (2×) MIMO operations (sometimes referred to herein as 2×MIMO communications or communications using a 2×MIMO scheme) in which two antennas are used to convey two independent streams of radio-frequency signals at the same frequency. Device  10  may perform so-called four-stream (4×) MIMO operations (sometimes referred to herein as  4 X MIMO communications or communications using a 4×MIMO scheme) in which four antennas are used to convey four independent streams of radio-frequency signals at the same frequency. Performing 4×MIMO operations may support higher overall data throughput than 2×MIMO operations because 4×MIMO operations involve four independent wireless data streams whereas 2×MIMO operations involve only two independent wireless data streams. If desired, antennas  40 - 1 ,  40 - 2 ,  40 - 3 , and  40 - 4  of  FIG. 5  may perform 2×MIMO operations in some non-satellite frequency bands and may perform 4×MIMO operations in other non-satellite frequency bands (e.g., depending on which bands are handled by which antennas). Antennas  40 - 1 ,  40 - 2 ,  40 - 3 , and  40 - 4  may perform 2×MIMO operations in some non-satellite frequency bands concurrently with performing 4×MIMO operations in other non-satellite frequency bands, for example. 
     The presence of gap  18 - 5  may help to isolate antennas  40 - 2  and  40 - 4  when operating in the same non-satellite frequency bands and the presence of gap  18 - 2  may help to isolate antennas  40 - 1  and  40 - 3  when operating in the same non-satellite frequency bands. In this way, antennas  40 - 1 ,  40 - 2 ,  40 - 3 , and  40 - 4  may collectively perform non-satellite communications (e.g., using a MIMO scheme) in one or more non-satellite frequency bands while concurrently receiving radio-frequency signals in two different satellite navigation frequency bands (e.g., the L1 and L5 bands). This may allow device  10  to perform bidirectional wireless communications with a high data rate while concurrently determining the location of device  10  with a high degree of accuracy and precision. 
     In another suitable arrangement, filter circuitry  92  and  96  may include switching circuitry that switches antennas  40 - 1  and  40 - 2  between first and second states. In the first state, antenna  40 - 1  may exhibit optimal performance in the L1 band and  40 - 2  may exhibit optimal performance in the L5 band while sacrificing some performance in one or more non-satellite frequency bands. In the second state, antennas  40 - 1  and  40 - 2  may exhibit optimal performance in the non-satellite frequency bands while sacrificing some performance in the L1 and L5 frequency bands. 
       FIG. 6  is a graph in which antenna performance (antenna efficiency) has been plotted as a function of operating frequency for antennas  40 - 1  and  40 - 2  of  FIG. 5 . As shown in  FIG. 6 , curve  100  plots an exemplary antenna efficiency of antenna  40 - 1  and curve  102  plots an exemplary antenna efficiency of antenna  40 - 2 . As shown by curve  100 , antenna  40 - 1  exhibits a response peak within frequency band  104  (e.g., the L5 frequency band at 1176 MHz) and a response peak at higher frequencies such as frequencies within band  108  (e.g., cellular telephone frequency bands, WLAN frequency bands, etc.). As shown by curve  102 , antenna  40 - 2  exhibits a response peak within frequency band  106  (e.g., the L1 frequency band at 1575 MHz) and a response peak at higher frequencies such as frequencies within band  108 . While antennas  40 - 1  and  40 - 2  may each be incapable of covering both bands  104  and  106  on their own with satisfactory efficiency, antennas  40 - 1  and  40 - 2  may collectively cover both bands  104  and  106  with satisfactory antenna efficiency (e.g., for performing multi-band satellite navigation operations). 
     The example of  FIG. 6  is merely illustrative. In general, curves  100  and  102  may have other shapes if desired (e.g., curves  100  and  102  may also include response peaks at frequencies lower than band  104  such as frequencies within the cellular low band). Bands  104  and  106  may include any desired frequencies. Band  106  may include any desired satellite navigation frequency band at higher frequencies than band  104  (e.g., band  106  may include frequencies greater than 1300 MHz whereas band  104  includes frequencies less than 1300 MHz). Bands  104  and  106  may include the L1 band, the L2 band, the L3 band, the L4 band, the L5 band, or any other desired satellite navigation frequency bands. 
       FIG. 7  is a flow chart of illustrative steps that may be processed by device  10  in performing multi-band satellite navigation operations using antennas  40 - 1  and  40 - 2 . At step  110 , device  10  may receive first satellite navigation signals in a first satellite navigation frequency band (e.g., the L1 band) using antenna  40 - 2  and port  76  of satellite navigation receiver circuitry  36  ( FIG. 5 ). The first satellite navigation signals may be broadcast by the first set of satellites  64  of  FIG. 4 , for example. The satellite navigation receiver circuitry may pass the first satellite navigation signals to control circuitry  28  ( FIG. 2 ). 
     At step  112 , device  10  may receive second satellite navigation signals in a second satellite navigation frequency band (e.g., the L5 band) using antenna  40 - 1  and port  78  of satellite navigation receiver circuitry  36  ( FIG. 5 ). The second satellite navigation signals may be broadcast by the second set of satellites  66  of  FIG. 4 , for example. The satellite navigation receiver circuitry may pass the second satellite navigation signals to control circuitry  28  ( FIG. 2 ). Step  112  may be performed concurrently (simultaneously) with step  110 . 
     At step  114 , control circuitry  28  may process the received first and second satellite navigation signals to identify the geographic location of device  10  (e.g., location  60  of  FIG. 4 ). Device  10  may convey non-satellite radio-frequency signals in non-satellite frequency bands using antennas  40 - 1 ,  40 - 2 ,  40 - 3 , and/or  40 - 4  of  FIG. 5  (e.g., using a MIMO scheme) concurrently with zero, one, or more than one of steps  110 - 114  of  FIG. 7 . 
     The foregoing is merely illustrative and various modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The foregoing embodiments may be implemented individually or in any combination.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20190304
Publication Date: 20210810
Grant Date: 20210810
Priority Date: 20190304
Inventors: PASCOLINI, MATTIA
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H04W64/00", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G01S19/421", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W64/00", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 72335619