PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-8284170-B2
Application Number: US-24286808-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Touch screen device, method, and graphical user interface for moving on-screen objects without using a cursor

Abstract:
An electronic device with a touch screen display: detects a single finger contact on the touch screen display; creates a touch area that corresponds to the single finger contact; determines a representative point within the touch area; determines if the touch area overlaps an object displayed on the touch screen display, which includes determining if one or more portions of the touch area other than the representative point overlap the object; connects the object with the touch area if the touch area overlaps the object, where connecting maintains the overlap of the object and the touch area; after connecting the object with the touch area, detects movement of the single finger contact; determines movement of the touch area that corresponds to movement of the single finger contact; and moves the object connected with the touch area in accordance with the determined movement of the touch area.

Claims:
1. A method, comprising:
 at a computing device with a touch screen display:
 detecting a single finger contact on the touch screen display; 
 creating a single touch area that corresponds to the single finger contact on the touch screen display; 
 determining if the single touch area concurrently overlaps with a plurality of objects displayed on the touch screen display; 
 connecting the plurality of objects with the single touch area if each object in the plurality of objects is determined to concurrently overlap the single touch area, wherein connecting the plurality of objects with the single touch area maintains the overlap between the single touch area and each object in the plurality of objects when the single touch area is moved in accordance with detected movement of the single finger contact; 
 after connecting the plurality of objects with the single touch area, detecting movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; 
 determining movement of the single touch area that corresponds to movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; and 
 moving the connected plurality of objects that concurrently overlap the single touch area in accordance with the determined movement of the single touch area. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The method of  claim 1 , including determining a representative point within the single touch area; wherein determining if the single touch area overlaps with the plurality of objects includes determining if one or more portions of the single touch area other than the representative point overlap the plurality of objects. 
     
     
       3. The method of  claim 1 , including
 while detecting movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display, detecting intersection of the single touch area and/or the plurality of objects connected with the single touch area with an unconnected object on the touch screen display; and 
 in response to detecting intersection of the single touch area and/or the plurality of objects connected with the single touch area with the unconnected object, moving the unconnected object such that the unconnected object ceases to intersect the single touch area and/or the plurality of objects connected with the single touch area. 
 
     
     
       4. The method of  claim 1 , including
 determining that the single touch area ceases to overlap with an object in the plurality of objects connected with the single touch area; and 
 in response to determining that the single touch area ceases to overlap with the object, disconnecting the single touch area from the object. 
 
     
     
       5. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the plurality of objects are moved in accordance with the determined movement of the single touch area without using a cursor. 
     
     
       6. A computing device, comprising:
 a touch screen display; 
 one or more processors; 
 memory; and 
 one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for:
 detecting a single finger contact on the touch screen display; 
 creating a single touch area that corresponds to the single finger contact on the touch screen display; 
 determining if the single touch area concurrently overlaps with a plurality of objects displayed on the touch screen display; 
 connecting the plurality of objects with the single touch area if each object in the plurality of objects is determined to concurrently overlap the single touch area, wherein connecting the plurality of objects with the single touch area maintains the overlap between the single touch area and each object in the plurality of objects when the single touch area is moved in accordance with detected movement of the single finger contact; 
 after connecting the plurality of objects with the single touch area, detecting movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; 
 determining movement of the single touch area that corresponds to movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; and 
 moving the connected plurality of objects that concurrently overlap the single touch area in accordance with the determined movement of the single touch area. 
 
 
     
     
       7. The device of  claim 6 , including instructions for determining a representative point within the single touch area; wherein determining if the single touch area overlaps with the plurality of objects includes determining if one or more portions of the single touch area other than the representative point overlap the plurality of objects. 
     
     
       8. The device of  claim 6 , including instructions for:
 while detecting movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display, detecting intersection of the single touch area and/or the plurality of objects connected with the single touch area with an unconnected object on the touch screen display; and 
 in response to detecting intersection of the single touch area and/or the plurality of objects connected with the single touch area with the unconnected object, moving the unconnected object such that the unconnected object ceases to intersect the single touch area and/or the plurality of objects connected with the single touch area. 
 
     
     
       9. The device of  claim 6 , including instructions for:
 determining that the single touch area ceases to overlap with an object in the plurality of objects connected with the single touch area; and 
 in response to determining that the single touch area ceases to overlap with the object, disconnecting the single touch area from the object. 
 
     
     
       10. The device of  claim 6 , wherein the plurality of objects are moved in accordance with the determined movement of the single touch area without using a cursor. 
     
     
       11. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored therein instructions, which when executed by a computing device with a touch screen display, cause the device to:
 detect a single finger contact on the touch screen display; 
 create a single touch area that corresponds to the single finger contact on the touch screen display; 
 determine if the single touch area concurrently overlaps with a plurality of objects displayed on the touch screen display; 
 connect the plurality of objects with the single touch area if each object in the plurality of objects is determined to concurrently overlap the single touch area, wherein connecting the plurality of objects with the single touch area maintains the overlap between the single touch area and each object in the plurality of objects when the single touch area is moved in accordance with detected movement of the single finger contact; 
 after connecting the plurality of objects with the single touch area, detect movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; 
 determine movement of the single touch area that corresponds to movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; and 
 move the connected plurality of objects that concurrently overlap the single touch area in accordance with the determined movement of the single touch area. 
 
     
     
       12. The computer readable storage medium of  claim 11 , including instructions which cause the device to determine a representative point within the single touch area; wherein determining if the single touch area overlaps with the plurality of objects includes determining if one or more portions of the single touch area other than the representative point overlap the plurality of objects. 
     
     
       13. The computer readable storage medium of  claim 11 , including instructions which cause the device to:
 while detecting movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display, detect intersection of the single touch area and/or the plurality of objects connected with the single touch area with an unconnected object on the touch screen display; and 
 in response to detecting intersection of the single touch area and/or the plurality of objects connected with the single touch area with the unconnected object, move the unconnected object such that the unconnected object ceases to intersect the single touch area and/or the plurality of objects connected with the single touch area. 
 
     
     
       14. The computer readable storage medium of  claim 11 , including instructions which cause the device to:
 determine that the single touch area ceases to overlap with an object in the plurality of objects connected with the single touch area; and 
 in response to determining that the single touch area ceases to overlap with the object, disconnect the single touch area from the object. 
 
     
     
       15. The computer readable storage medium of  claim 11 , wherein the plurality of objects are moved in accordance with the determined movement of the single touch area without using a cursor. 
     
     
       16. A graphical user interface on a computing device with a touch screen display, comprising:
 a plurality of objects; 
 wherein:
 a single finger contact is detected on the touch screen display; 
 a single touch area is created that corresponds to the single finger contact on the touch screen display; 
 whether the single touch area concurrently overlaps with a plurality of objects displayed on the touch screen display is determined; 
 the plurality of objects are connected with the single touch area if each object in the plurality of objects is determined to concurrently overlap the single touch area, wherein connecting the plurality of objects with the single touch area maintains the overlap between the single touch area and each object in the plurality of objects when the single touch area is moved in accordance with detected movement of the single finger contact; 
 after connecting the plurality of objects with the single touch area, movement of the single finger contact is detected on the touch screen display; 
 movement of the single touch area that corresponds to movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display is determined; and 
 the connected plurality of objects that concurrently overlap the single touch area are moved in accordance with the determined movement of the single touch area.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is related to the following applications: (1) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/188,182, “Touch Pad For Handheld Device,” filed Jul. 1, 2002; (2) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/722,948, “Touch Pad For Handheld Device,” filed Nov. 25, 2003; (3) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/643,256, “Movable Touch Pad With Added Functionality,” filed Aug. 18, 2003; (4) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/654,108, “Ambidextrous Mouse,” filed Sep. 2, 2003; (5) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/840,862, “Multipoint Touchscreen,” filed May 6, 2004; (6) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/903,964, “Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jul. 30, 2004; (7) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/038,590, “Mode-Based Graphical User Interfaces For Touch Sensitive Input Devices” filed Jan. 18, 2005; (8) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/057,050, “Display Actuator,” filed Feb. 11, 2005; (9) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/367,749, “Multi-Functional Hand-Held Device,” filed Mar. 3, 2006; and (10) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/850,635, “Touch Screen Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Determining Commands by Applying Heuristics,” filed Sep. 5, 2007. All of these applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The disclosed embodiments relate generally to electronic devices with touch screen displays, and more particularly, to electronic devices that use one or more finger contacts to move on-screen objects without using a cursor to move the objects. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The use of touch screen displays as input devices for computers and other electronic devices has increased significantly in recent years. Some touch screen displays permit direct finger manipulation of on-screen objects in a manner that resembles manipulation of physical objects in the physical world, rather than requiring indirect manipulation of on-screen objects (e.g., via a cursor). In general, touch screen interfaces that closely emulate the physical world provide a more transparent and intuitive experience to a user because the user can simply use the touch screen interface based on their understanding of the physical world. 
     But existing touch screen interfaces with direct finger manipulation of on-screen objects have limitations in their abilities to emulate interaction with real world objects. For example, touch screen interfaces typically convert a finger contact on the touch screen into a single point (e.g., the centroid of the detected finger contact) and then use this point to interact with objects on the touch screen. If the single point does not overlap with an on-screen object, even though other parts of the finger contact do overlap with the object, then the object may not be selected for manipulation by the user. Thus, more precise positioning of the finger contact is needed to interact with an object, which in turn obscures more of the object during manipulation. In addition, with each finger contact converted to a single point, at least two fingers are required to rotate an object. 
     Accordingly, there is a need for electronic devices with more transparent and intuitive user interfaces for moving on-screen objects in accordance with finger contacts and movements on a touch screen display without using a cursor to move the objects. Such interfaces increase the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with electronic devices with touch screen displays. 
     SUMMARY 
     The above deficiencies and other problems associated with user interfaces for electronic devices with touch screen displays are reduced or eliminated by the disclosed devices. In some embodiments, the device is portable. In some embodiments, the device has a touch-sensitive display (also known as a “touch screen” or “touch screen display”) with a graphical user interface (GUI), one or more processors, memory and one or more modules, programs or sets of instructions stored in the memory for performing multiple functions. In some embodiments, the user interacts with the GUI primarily through finger contacts and gestures on the touch-sensitive display. In some embodiments, the functions may include game playing, telephoning, video conferencing, e-mailing, instant messaging, blogging, digital photographing, digital videoing, web browsing, digital music playing, and/or digital video playing. Instructions for performing these functions may be included in a computer readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computer-implemented method is performed at an electronic device with a touch screen display. The computer-implemented method includes: displaying a plurality of objects on the touch screen display; detecting single finger contact on the touch screen display; creating a touch area that corresponds to the single finger contact on the touch screen display; determining a representative point within the touch area; and determining if the touch area overlaps an object in the plurality of objects displayed on the touch screen display. Determining if the touch area overlaps the object includes determining if one or more portions of the touch area other than the representative point overlap the object. The computer-implemented method further includes connecting the object with the touch area if the touch area is determined to overlap the object. Connecting the object with the touch area maintains the overlap of the object and the touch area. The computer-implemented method further includes: after connecting the object with the touch area, detecting movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; determining movement of the touch area that corresponds to movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; and moving the object connected with the touch area in accordance with the determined movement of the touch area. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computing device includes a touch screen display, one or more processors, memory, and one or more programs. The one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors. The one or more programs include instructions for: displaying a plurality of objects on the touch screen display; detecting a single finger contact on the touch screen display; creating a touch area that corresponds to the single finger contact on the touch screen display; determining a representative point within the touch area; and determining if the touch area overlaps an object in the plurality of objects displayed on the touch screen display. Determining if the touch area overlaps the object includes determining if one or more portions of the touch area other than the representative point overlap the object. The one or more programs further include instructions for connecting the object with the touch area if the touch area is determined to overlap the object. Connecting the object with the touch area maintains the overlap of the object and the touch area. The one or more programs further include instructions for: after connecting the object with the touch area, detecting movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; determining movement of the touch area that corresponds to movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; and moving the object connected with the touch area in accordance with the determined movement of the touch area. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computer readable storage medium has stored therein instructions which when executed by a computing device with a touch screen display, cause the device to: display a plurality of objects on the touch screen display; detect a single finger contact on the touch screen display; create a touch area that corresponds to the single finger contact on the touch screen display; determine a representative point within the touch area; determine if the touch area overlaps an object in the plurality of objects displayed on the touch screen display, wherein determining if the touch area overlaps the object includes determining if one or more portions of the touch area other than the representative point overlap the object; connect the object with the touch area if the touch area is determined to overlap the object, wherein connecting the object with the touch area maintains the overlap of the object and the touch area; after connecting the object with the touch area, detect movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; determine movement of the touch area that corresponds to movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; and move the object connected with the touch area in accordance with the determined movement of the touch area. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface on a computing device with a touch screen display includes a plurality of objects. The plurality of objects are displayed on the touch screen display. A single finger contact is detected on the touch screen display. A touch area is created that corresponds to the single finger contact on the touch screen display. A representative point is determined within the touch area. Whether the touch area overlaps an object in the plurality of objects displayed on the touch screen display is determined. The determination includes determining if one or more portions of the touch area other than the representative point overlap the object. The object is connected with the touch area if the touch area is determined to overlap the object. Connecting the object with the touch area maintains the overlap of the object and the touch area. After connecting the object with the touch area, movement of the single finger contact is detected on the touch screen display. Movement of the touch area is determined that corresponds to movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display. The object connected with the touch area is moved in accordance with the determined movement of the touch area. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computing device includes: a touch screen display; means for displaying a plurality of objects on the touch screen display; means for detecting a single finger contact on the touch screen display; means for creating a touch area that corresponds to the single finger contact on the touch screen display; means for determining a representative point within the touch area; means for determining if the touch area overlaps an object in the plurality of objects displayed on the touch screen display, wherein determining if the touch area overlaps the object includes determining if one or more portions of the touch area other than the representative point overlap the object; means for connecting the object with the touch area if the touch area is determined to overlap the object, wherein connecting the object with the touch area maintains the overlap of the object and the touch area; means for after connecting the object with the touch area, detecting movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; means for determining movement of the touch area that corresponds to movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; and means for moving the object connected with the touch area in accordance with the determined movement of the touch area. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computer-implemented method is performed at an electronic device with a touch screen display. The computer-implemented method includes: displaying a plurality of objects on the touch screen display; detecting a single finger contact on the touch screen display; and creating a touch area that corresponds to the single finger contact on the touch screen display. The touch area includes a perimeter. The computer-implemented method further includes: determining a representative point within the touch area; for an object in the plurality of objects displayed on the touch screen display, determining if the representative point of the touch area overlaps the object; determining if the perimeter of the touch area overlaps the object; and determining if a portion of the touch area between the representative point of the touch area and the perimeter of the touch area overlaps the object; and connecting the object with the touch area if the touch area is determined to overlap the object. Connecting the object with the touch area maintains the overlap of the object and the touch area. The computer-implemented method further includes: after connecting the object with the touch area, detecting movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; determining movement of the touch area that corresponds to movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; and moving the object connected with the touch area in accordance with the determined movement of the touch area. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computing device includes: a touch screen display; one or more processors; memory; and one or more programs. The one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors. The one or more programs include instructions for: displaying a plurality of objects on the touch screen display; detecting a single finger contact on the touch screen display; creating a touch area that corresponds to the single finger contact on the touch screen display, wherein the touch area includes a perimeter; determining a representative point within the touch area; for an object in the plurality of objects displayed on the touch screen display: determining if the representative point of the touch area overlaps the object; determining if the perimeter of the touch area overlaps the object; and determining if a portion of the touch area between the representative point of the touch area and the perimeter of the touch area overlaps the object; connecting the object with the touch area if the touch area is determined to overlap the object, wherein connecting the object with the touch area maintains the overlap of the object and the touch area; after connecting the object with the touch area, detecting movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; determining movement of the touch area that corresponds to movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; and moving the object connected with the touch area in accordance with the determined movement of the touch area. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computer readable storage medium has stored therein instructions, which when executed by a computing device with a touch screen display, cause the computing device to: display a plurality of objects on the touch screen display; detect a single finger contact on the touch screen display; create a touch area that corresponds to the single finger contact on the touch screen display, wherein the touch area includes a perimeter; determine a representative point within the touch area; for an object in the plurality of objects displayed on the touch screen display: determine if the representative point of the touch area overlaps the object; determine if the perimeter of the touch area overlaps the object; and determine if a portion of the touch area between the representative point of the touch area and the perimeter of the touch area overlaps the object; connect the object with the touch area if the touch area is determined to overlap the object, wherein connecting the object with the touch area maintains the overlap of the object and the touch area; after connecting the object with the touch area, detect movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; determine movement of the touch area that corresponds to movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; and move the object connected with the touch area in accordance with the determined movement of the touch area. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface on a computing device with a touch screen display includes a plurality of objects. The plurality of objects are displayed on the touch screen display. A single finger contact is detected on the touch screen display. A touch area is created that corresponds to the single finger contact on the touch screen display. The touch area includes a perimeter. A representative point is determined within the touch area. For an object in the plurality of objects displayed on the touch screen display: whether the representative point of the touch area overlaps the object is determined; whether the perimeter of the touch area overlaps the object is determined; and whether a portion of the touch area between the representative point of the touch area and the perimeter of the touch area overlaps the object is determined. The object is connected with the touch area if the touch area is determined to overlap the object. Connecting the object with the touch area maintains the overlap of the object and the touch area. After connecting the object with the touch area, movement of the single finger contact is detected on the touch screen display. Movement of the touch area is determined that corresponds to movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display. The object connected with the touch area is moved in accordance with the determined movement of the touch area. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a portable electronic device includes: a touch screen display; means for displaying a plurality of objects on the touch screen display; means for detecting a single finger contact on the touch screen display; means for creating a touch area that corresponds to the single finger contact on the touch screen display, wherein the touch area includes a perimeter; means for determining a representative point within the touch area; for an object in the plurality of objects displayed on the touch screen display: means for determining if the representative point of the touch area overlaps the object; means for determining if the perimeter of the touch area overlaps the object; and means for determining if a portion of the touch area between the representative point of the touch area and the perimeter of the touch area overlaps the object; means for connecting the object with the touch area if the touch area is determined to overlap the object, wherein connecting the object with the touch area maintains the overlap of the object and the touch area; means for after connecting the object with the touch area, detecting movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; means for determining movement of the touch area that corresponds to movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; and means for moving the object connected with the touch area in accordance with the determined movement of the touch area. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computer-implemented method is performed at an electronic device with a touch screen display. The computer-implemented method includes: displaying a plurality of objects on the touch screen display; detecting a single finger contact on the touch screen display; creating a touch area that corresponds to the single finger contact on the touch screen display; determining if the touch area overlaps an object in the plurality of objects displayed on the touch screen display; connecting the object with the touch area if the touch area is determined to overlap the object; after connecting the object with the touch area, detecting rotation of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; determining rotation of the touch area that corresponds to rotation of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; and rotating the object connected with the touch area in accordance with the determined rotation of the touch area. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computing device includes: a touch screen display; one or more processors; memory; and one or more programs. The one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors. The one or more programs include instructions for: displaying a plurality of objects on the touch screen display; detecting a single finger contact on the touch screen display; creating a touch area that corresponds to the single finger contact on the touch screen display; determining if the touch area overlaps an object in the plurality of objects displayed on the touch screen display; connecting the object with the touch area if the touch area is determined to overlap the object; after connecting the object with the touch area, detecting rotation of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; determining rotation of the touch area that corresponds to rotation of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; and rotating the object connected with the touch area in accordance with the determined rotation of the touch area. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computer readable storage medium has stored therein instructions, which when executed by a computing device with a touch screen display, cause the computing device to: display a plurality of objects on the touch screen display; detect a single finger contact on the touch screen display; create a touch area that corresponds to the single finger contact on the touch screen display; determine if the touch area overlaps an object in the plurality of objects displayed on the touch screen display; connect the object with the touch area if the touch area is determined to overlap the object; after connecting the object with the touch area, detect rotation of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; determine rotation of the touch area that corresponds to rotation of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; and rotate the object connected with the touch area in accordance with the determined rotation of the touch area. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface on a computing device with a touch screen display includes a plurality of objects. The plurality of objects are displayed on the touch screen display. A single finger contact is detected on the touch screen display. A touch area is created that corresponds to the single finger contact on the touch screen display. Whether the touch area overlaps an object in the plurality of objects displayed on the touch screen display is determined. The object is connected with the touch area if the touch area is determined to overlap the object. After connecting the object with the touch area, rotation of the single finger contact is detected on the touch screen display. Rotation of the touch area is determined that corresponds to rotation of the single finger contact on the touch screen display. The object connected with the touch area is rotated in accordance with the determined rotation of the touch area. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a portable electronic device includes: a touch screen display; means for displaying a plurality of objects on the touch screen display; means for detecting a single finger contact on the touch screen display; means for creating a touch area that corresponds to the single finger contact on the touch screen display; means for determining if the touch area overlaps an object in the plurality of objects displayed on the touch screen display; means for connecting the object with the touch area if the touch area is determined to overlap the object; means for after connecting the object with the touch area, detecting rotation of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; means for determining rotation of the touch area that corresponds to rotation of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; and means for rotating the object connected with the touch area in accordance with the determined rotation of the touch area. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computer-implemented method is performed at an electronic device with a touch screen display. The computer-implemented method includes: displaying a plurality of objects on the touch screen display; detecting a single finger contact on the touch screen display; creating a touch area that corresponds to the single finger contact on the touch screen display; detecting movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; determining movement of the touch area that corresponds to movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; while detecting movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display, detecting intersection of the touch area with an object in the plurality of objects on the touch screen display; and, in response to detecting intersection of the touch area with the object, moving the object such that the object ceases to intersect the touch area. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computing device includes: a touch screen display; one or more processors; memory; and one or more programs. The one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors. The one or more programs include: instructions for: displaying a plurality of objects on the touch screen display; detecting a single finger contact on the touch screen display; creating a touch area that corresponds to the single finger contact on the touch screen display; detecting movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; determining movement of the touch area that corresponds to movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; while detecting movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display, detecting intersection of the touch area with an object in the plurality of objects on the touch screen display; and, in response to detecting intersection of the touch area with the object, moving the object such that the object ceases to intersect the touch area. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computer readable storage medium has stored therein instructions, which when executed by a computing device with a touch screen display, cause the computing device to: display a plurality of objects on the touch screen display; detect a single finger contact on the touch screen display; create a touch area that corresponds to the single finger contact on the touch screen display; detect movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; determine movement of the touch area that corresponds to movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; while detecting movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display, detect intersection of the touch area with an object in the plurality of objects on the touch screen display; and, in response to detecting intersection of the touch area with the object, move the object such that the object ceases to intersect the touch area. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface on a computing device with a touch screen display includes a plurality of objects. The plurality of objects are displayed on the touch screen display. A single finger contact is detected on the touch screen display. A touch area is created that corresponds to the single finger contact on the touch screen display. Movement of the single finger contact is detected on the touch screen display. Movement of the touch area is determined that corresponds to movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display. While detecting movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display, intersection of the touch area with an object in the plurality of objects on the touch screen display is detected. In response to detecting intersection of the touch area with the object, the object is moved such that the object ceases to intersect the touch area. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a portable electronic device includes: a touch screen display; means for displaying a plurality of objects on the touch screen display; means for detecting a single finger contact on the touch screen display; means for creating a touch area that corresponds to the single finger contact on the touch screen display; means for detecting movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; means for determining movement of the touch area that corresponds to movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; means for while detecting movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display, detecting intersection of the touch area with an object in the plurality of objects on the touch screen display; and means for, in response to detecting intersection of the touch area with the object, moving the object such that the object ceases to intersect the touch area. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computer-implemented method is performed at an electronic device with a touch screen display. The computer-implemented method includes: detecting a single finger contact on the touch screen display; creating a touch area that corresponds to the single finger contact on the touch screen display; determining if the touch area overlaps with a plurality of objects displayed on the touch screen display; and connecting the plurality of objects with the touch area if each object in the plurality of objects is determined to overlap the touch area. Connecting the plurality of objects with the touch area maintains the overlap between the touch area and each object in the plurality of objects. The computer-implemented method further includes: after connecting the plurality of objects with the touch area, detecting movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; determining movement of the touch area that corresponds to movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; and moving the plurality of objects connected with the touch area in accordance with the determined movement of the touch area. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computing device includes: a touch screen display; one or more processors; memory; and one or more programs. The one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors. The one or more programs include instructions for: detecting a single finger contact on the touch screen display; creating a touch area that corresponds to the single finger contact on the touch screen display; determining if the touch area overlaps with a plurality of objects displayed on the touch screen display; connecting the plurality of objects with the touch area if each object in the plurality of objects is determined to overlap the touch area, wherein connecting the plurality of objects with the touch area maintains the overlap between the touch area and each object in the plurality of objects; after connecting the plurality of objects with the touch area, detecting movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; determining movement of the touch area that corresponds to movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; and moving the plurality of objects connected with the touch area in accordance with the determined movement of the touch area. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computer readable storage medium has stored therein instructions, which when executed by a computing device with a touch screen display, cause the computing device to: detect a single finger contact on the touch screen display; create a touch area that corresponds to the single finger contact on the touch screen display; determine if the touch area overlaps with a plurality of objects displayed on the touch screen display; connect the plurality of objects with the touch area if each object in the plurality of objects is determined to overlap the touch area, wherein connecting the plurality of objects with the touch area maintains the overlap between the touch area and each object in the plurality of objects; after connecting the plurality of objects with the touch area, detect movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; determine movement of the touch area that corresponds to movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; and move the plurality of objects connected with the touch area in accordance with the determined movement of the touch area. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface on a computing device with a touch screen display includes a plurality of objects. A single finger contact is detected on the touch screen display. A touch area is created that corresponds to the single finger contact on the touch screen display. Whether the touch area overlaps with a plurality of objects displayed on the touch screen display is determined. The plurality of objects are connected with the touch area if each object in the plurality of objects is determined to overlap the touch area. Connecting the plurality of objects with the touch area maintains the overlap between the touch area and each object in the plurality of objects. After connecting the plurality of objects with the touch area, movement of the single finger contact is detected on the touch screen display. Movement of the touch area that corresponds to movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display is determined. The plurality of objects connected with the touch area are moved in accordance with the determined movement of the touch area. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a portable electronic device includes: a touch screen display; means for detecting a single finger contact on the touch screen display; means for creating a touch area that corresponds to the single finger contact on the touch screen display; means for determining if the touch area overlaps with a plurality of objects displayed on the touch screen display; means for connecting the plurality of objects with the touch area if each object in the plurality of objects is determined to overlap the touch area, wherein connecting the plurality of objects with the touch area maintains the overlap between the touch area and each object in the plurality of objects; means for after connecting the plurality of objects with the touch area, detecting movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; means for determining movement of the touch area that corresponds to movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display; and means for moving the plurality of objects connected with the touch area in accordance with the determined movement of the touch area. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computer-implemented method is performed at an electronic device with a touch screen display. The computer-implemented method includes: displaying a plurality of objects on the touch screen display; and simultaneously detecting a plurality of finger contacts on the touch screen display. For each respective finger contact in the plurality of detected finger contacts, the method further includes: creating a respective touch area that corresponds to the respective finger contact on the touch screen display; determining a respective representative point within the respective touch area; determining if the respective touch area overlaps a respective object in the plurality of objects displayed on the touch screen display, wherein determining if the respective touch area overlaps the respective object includes determining if one or more portions of the respective touch area other than the respective representative point overlap the respective object; connecting the respective object with the respective touch area if the respective object is determined to overlap the respective touch area, wherein connecting the respective object with the respective touch area maintains the overlap of the respective object and the respective touch area; after connecting the respective object with the respective touch area, detecting movement of the respective finger contact on the touch screen display; determining movement of the respective touch area that corresponds to movement of the respective finger contact on the touch screen display; and moving the respective object connected with the respective touch area in accordance with the determined movement of the respective touch area. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an computing device includes: a touch screen display; one or more processors; memory; and one or more programs. The one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors. The one or more programs include instructions for: displaying a plurality of objects on the touch screen display; and simultaneously detecting a plurality of finger contacts on the touch screen display. For each respective finger contact in the plurality of detected finger contacts, the one or more programs further include instructions for: creating a respective touch area that corresponds to the respective finger contact on the touch screen display; determining a respective representative point within the respective touch area; determining if the respective touch area overlaps a respective object in the plurality of objects displayed on the touch screen display, wherein determining if the respective touch area overlaps the respective object includes determining if one or more portions of the respective touch area other than the respective representative point overlap the respective object; connecting the respective object with the respective touch area if the respective object is determined to overlap the respective touch area, wherein connecting the respective object with the respective touch area maintains the overlap of the respective object and the respective touch area; after connecting the respective object with the respective touch area, detecting movement of the respective finger contact on the touch screen display; determining movement of the respective touch area that corresponds to movement of the respective finger contact on the touch screen display; and moving the respective object connected with the respective touch area in accordance with the determined movement of the respective touch area. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computer readable storage medium has stored therein instructions, which when executed by a computing device with a touch screen display, cause the computing device to: display a plurality of objects on the touch screen display; and simultaneously detect a plurality of finger contacts on the touch screen display. For each respective finger contact in the plurality of detected finger contacts, the instructions further cause the computing device to: create a respective touch area that corresponds to the respective finger contact on the touch screen display; determine a respective representative point within the respective touch area; determine if the respective touch area overlaps a respective object in the plurality of objects displayed on the touch screen display, wherein determining if the respective touch area overlaps the respective object includes determining if one or more portions of the respective touch area other than the respective representative point overlap the respective object; connect the respective object with the respective touch area if the respective object is determined to overlap the respective touch area, wherein connecting the respective object with the respective touch area maintains the overlap of the respective object and the respective touch area; after connecting the respective object with the respective touch area, detect movement of the respective finger contact on the touch screen display; determine movement of the respective touch area that corresponds to movement of the respective finger contact on the touch screen display; and move the respective object connected with the respective touch area in accordance with the determined movement of the respective touch area. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface on a computing device with a touch screen display includes a plurality of objects. The plurality of objects are displayed on the touch screen display. A plurality of finger contacts on the touch screen display are simultaneously detected. For each respective finger contact in the plurality of detected finger contacts: a respective touch area is created that corresponds to the respective finger contact on the touch screen display; a respective representative point within the respective touch area is determined; whether the respective touch area overlaps a respective object in the plurality of objects displayed on the touch screen display is determined, wherein the determination includes determining if one or more portions of the respective touch area other than the respective representative point overlap the respective object; the respective object is connected with the respective touch area if the respective object is determined to overlap the respective touch area, wherein connecting the respective object with the respective touch area maintains the overlap of the respective object and the respective touch area; after connecting the respective object with the respective touch area, movement of the respective finger contact is detected on the touch screen display; movement of the respective touch area is determined that corresponds to movement of the respective finger contact on the touch screen display; and the respective object connected with the respective touch area is moved in accordance with the determined movement of the respective touch area. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a portable electronic device includes: a touch screen display; means for displaying a plurality of objects on the touch screen display; and means for simultaneously detecting a plurality of finger contacts on the touch screen display. For each respective finger contact in the plurality of detected finger contacts, the device further includes: means for creating a respective touch area that corresponds to the respective finger contact on the touch screen display; means for determining a respective representative point within the respective touch area; means for determining if the respective touch area overlaps a respective object in the plurality of objects displayed on the touch screen display, wherein the means for determining if the respective touch area overlaps the respective object includes means for determining if one or more portions of the respective touch area other than the respective representative point overlap the respective object; means for connecting the respective object with the respective touch area if the respective object is determined to overlap the respective touch area, wherein connecting the respective object with the respective touch area maintains the overlap of the respective object and the respective touch area; means for after connecting the respective object with the respective touch area, detecting movement of the respective finger contact on the touch screen display; means for determining movement of the respective touch area that corresponds to movement of the respective finger contact on the touch screen display; and means for moving the respective object connected with the respective touch area in accordance with the determined movement of the respective touch area. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computer-implemented method is performed at an electronic device with a touch screen display. The computer-implemented method includes: displaying a plurality of objects on the touch screen display; and detecting a hand edge contact on the touch screen display. The hand edge contact comprises a pinky finger edge contact and a palm edge contact. The computer-implemented method further includes: creating a touch area that corresponds to the hand edge contact on the touch screen display; detecting movement of the hand edge contact on the touch screen display; determining movement of the touch area that corresponds to movement of the hand edge contact on the touch screen display; while detecting movement of the hand edge contact on the touch screen display, detecting intersection of the touch area with an object in the plurality of objects on the touch screen display; and, in response to detecting intersection of the touch area with the object, moving the object such that the object ceases to intersect the touch area. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computing device includes: a touch screen display; one or more processors; memory; and one or more programs. The one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors. The one or more programs include instructions for: displaying a plurality of objects on the touch screen display; detecting a hand edge contact on the touch screen display, wherein the hand edge contact comprises a pinky finger edge contact and a palm edge contact; creating a touch area that corresponds to the hand edge contact on the touch screen display; detecting movement of the hand edge contact on the touch screen display; determining movement of the touch area that corresponds to movement of the hand edge contact on the touch screen display; while detecting movement of the hand edge contact on the touch screen display, detecting intersection of the touch area with an object in the plurality of objects on the touch screen display; and, in response to detecting intersection of the touch area with the object, moving the object such that the object ceases to intersect the touch area. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computer readable storage medium has stored therein instructions, which when executed by a computing device with a touch screen display, cause the computing device to: display a plurality of objects on the touch screen display; detect a hand edge contact on the touch screen display, wherein the hand edge contact comprises a pinky finger edge contact and a palm edge contact; create a touch area that corresponds to the hand edge contact on the touch screen display; detect movement of the hand edge contact on the touch screen display; determine movement of the touch area that corresponds to movement of the hand edge contact on the touch screen display; while detecting movement of the hand edge contact on the touch screen display, detect intersection of the touch area with an object in the plurality of objects on the touch screen display; and, in response to detecting intersection of the touch area with the object, move the object such that the object ceases to intersect the touch area. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface on a computing device with a touch screen display includes a plurality of objects. The plurality of objects are displayed on the touch screen display. A hand edge contact is detected on the touch screen display. The hand edge contact comprises a pinky finger edge contact and a palm edge contact. A touch area is created that corresponds to the hand edge contact on the touch screen display. Movement of the hand edge contact is detected on the touch screen display. Movement of the touch area is determined that corresponds to movement of the hand edge contact on the touch screen display. While detecting movement of the hand edge contact on the touch screen display, intersection of the touch area with an object in the plurality of objects on the touch screen display is detected. In response to detecting intersection of the touch area with the object, the object is moved such that the object ceases to intersect the touch area. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a portable electronic device includes: a touch screen display; means for displaying a plurality of objects on the touch screen display; means for detecting a hand edge contact on the touch screen display, wherein the hand edge contact comprises a pinky finger edge contact and a palm edge contact; means for creating a touch area that corresponds to the hand edge contact on the touch screen display; means for detecting movement of the hand edge contact on the touch screen display; means for determining movement of the touch area that corresponds to movement of the hand edge contact on the touch screen display; means for while detecting movement of the hand edge contact on the touch screen display, detecting intersection of the touch area with an object in the plurality of objects on the touch screen display; and means for, in response to detecting intersection of the touch area with the object, moving the object such that the object ceases to intersect the touch area. 
     Thus, devices with touch screen displays are provided with more intuitive interfaces that use direct finger manipulation to contact, move, and interact with objects on the touch screen display, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a better understanding of the aforementioned embodiments of the invention as well as additional embodiments thereof, reference should be made to the Description of Embodiments below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures. 
         FIGS. 1A and 1B  are block diagrams illustrating portable multifunction devices with touch-sensitive displays in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a portable multifunction device having a touch screen in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an exemplary electronic device with a touch screen display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 4A and 4B  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for a menu of applications on a portable multifunction device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 5A  illustrates an overhead view of an exemplary finger in contact with a touch screen display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 5B  illustrates a side view of the finger and the touch screen of  FIG. 5A . 
         FIG. 5C  illustrates the components of a touch area in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 5D-5F  illustrate hit regions for on-screen objects in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 6A-6F  illustrate various degrees and types of overlap of a touch area with an object displayed on the touch screen display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 7A-7E  illustrate touch areas created by modeling a single finger contact as a geometric object in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 8A  illustrates translating an on-screen object in a graphical user interface on a touch screen display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 8B  illustrates rotating an on-screen object in a graphical user interface on a touch screen display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 8C  illustrates simultaneously translating and rotating an on-screen object in a graphical user interface on a touch screen display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 9A and 9B  illustrate two-dimensional and simulated three-dimensional on-screen objects modeled as a set of vertices in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 10A-10C  illustrate moving an unconnected on-screen object in response to intersection with a connected on-screen object in a graphical user interface on a touch screen display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 11A-11C  illustrate moving an unconnected on-screen object in response to intersection with a connected on-screen object in a graphical user interface on a touch screen display, where both objects are modeled as a set of vertices, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 12A-12C  illustrate moving an on-screen object in response to intersection with a touch area in a graphical user interface on a touch screen display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 13A  illustrates translating multiple on-screen objects in a graphical user interface on a touch screen display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 13B  illustrates rotating multiple on-screen objects in a graphical user interface on a touch screen display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 13C  illustrates simultaneously translating and rotating multiple on-screen objects in a graphical user interface on a touch screen display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 13D  illustrates simultaneously translating and rotating multiple on-screen objects in a graphical user interface on a touch screen display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 14A-14C  illustrate moving on-screen objects in a graphical user interface on a touch screen display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 15A-15B  illustrate a touch area overlapping with one or more vertices of an on-screen object in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 16A-16G  are flow diagrams illustrating a method of moving an on-screen object with a single finger in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 17  is a flow diagram illustrating a method of moving an on-screen object with a single finger in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 18  is a flow diagram illustrating a method of rotating an on-screen object with a single finger in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 19  is a flow diagram illustrating a method of moving an on-screen object with a single finger in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 20  is a flow diagram illustrating a method of moving a plurality of on-screen objects with a single finger in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 21A-21B  are flow diagrams illustrating a method of simultaneously moving multiple on-screen objects with multiple fingers in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 22  is a flow diagram illustrating a method of moving an object with a hand edge contact in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments. 
     It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first gesture could be termed a second gesture, and, similarly, a second gesture could be termed a first gesture, without departing from the scope of the present invention. 
     The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in the description of the invention and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     As used herein, the term “if” may be construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” may be construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event],” depending on the context. 
     Embodiments of an electronic device, user interfaces for such devices, and associated processes for using such devices are described. In some embodiments, the device is a portable communications device such as a mobile telephone that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/or music player functions. 
     The user interface may include a physical click wheel in addition to a touch screen or a virtual click wheel displayed on the touch screen. A click wheel is a user-interface device that may provide navigation commands based on an angular displacement of the wheel or a point of contact with the wheel by a user of the device. A click wheel may also be used to provide a user command corresponding to selection of one or more items, for example, when the user of the device presses down on at least a portion of the wheel or the center of the wheel. Alternatively, breaking contact with a click wheel image on a touch screen surface may indicate a user command corresponding to selection. For simplicity, in the discussion that follows, a portable multifunction device that includes a touch screen is used as an exemplary embodiment. It should be understood, however, that some of the user interfaces and associated processes may be applied to other devices, such as personal computers and laptop computers, which may include one or more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physical click wheel, a physical keyboard, a mouse and/or a joystick. 
     The device supports a variety of applications, such as one or more of the following: a gaming application, a telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, a blogging application, a photo management application, a digital camera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing application, a digital music player application, and/or a digital video player application. 
     The various applications that may be executed on the device may use at least one common physical user-interface device, such as the touch screen. One or more functions of the touch screen as well as corresponding information displayed on the device may be adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physical architecture (such as the touch screen) of the device may support the variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and transparent. 
     The user interfaces may include one or more soft keyboard embodiments. The soft keyboard embodiments may include standard (QWERTY) and/or non-standard configurations of symbols on the displayed icons of the keyboard, such as those described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/459,606, “Keyboards For Portable Electronic Devices,” filed Jul. 24, 2006, and Ser. No. 11/459,615, “Touch Screen Keyboards For Portable Electronic Devices,” filed Jul. 24, 2006, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. The keyboard embodiments may include a reduced number of icons (or soft keys) relative to the number of keys in existing physical keyboards, such as that for a typewriter. This may make it easier for users to select one or more icons in the keyboard, and thus, one or more corresponding symbols. The keyboard embodiments may be adaptive. For example, displayed icons may be modified in accordance with user actions, such as selecting one or more icons and/or one or more corresponding symbols. One or more applications on the portable device may utilize common and/or different keyboard embodiments. Thus, the keyboard embodiment used may be tailored to at least some of the applications. In some embodiments, one or more keyboard embodiments may be tailored to a respective user. For example, one or more keyboard embodiments may be tailored to a respective user based on a word usage history (lexicography, slang, individual usage) of the respective user. Some of the keyboard embodiments may be adjusted to reduce a probability of a user error when selecting one or more icons, and thus one or more symbols, when using the soft keyboard embodiments. 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of devices with touch-sensitive displays.  FIGS. 1A and 1B  are block diagrams illustrating portable multifunction devices  100  with touch-sensitive displays  112  in accordance with some embodiments. The touch-sensitive display  112  is sometimes called a “touch screen” for convenience, and may also be known as or called a touch-sensitive display system. The device  100  may include a memory  102  (which may include one or more computer readable storage mediums), a memory controller  122 , one or more processing units (CPU&#39;s)  120 , a peripherals interface  118 , RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , a speaker  111 , a microphone  113 , an input/output (I/O) subsystem  106 , other input or control devices  116 , and an external port  124 . The device  100  may include one or more optical sensors  164 . These components may communicate over one or more communication buses or signal lines  103 . 
     It should be appreciated that the device  100  is only one example of a portable multifunction device  100 , and that the device  100  may have more or fewer components than shown, may combine two or more components, or a may have a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown in  FIGS. 1A and 1B  may be implemented in hardware, software or a combination of both hardware and software, including one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits. 
     Memory  102  may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Access to memory  102  by other components of the device  100 , such as the CPU  120  and the peripherals interface  118 , may be controlled by the memory controller  122 . 
     The peripherals interface  118  couples the input and output peripherals of the device to the CPU  120  and memory  102 . The one or more processors  120  run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in memory  102  to perform various functions for the device  100  and to process data. 
     In some embodiments, the peripherals interface  118 , the CPU  120 , and the memory controller  122  may be implemented on a single chip, such as a chip  104 . In some other embodiments, they may be implemented on separate chips. 
     The RF (radio frequency) circuitry  108  receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals. The RF circuitry  108  converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals. The RF circuitry  108  may include well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. The RF circuitry  108  may communicate with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The wireless communication may use any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for email (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), and/or Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS)), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document. 
     The audio circuitry  110 , the speaker  111 , and the microphone  113  provide an audio interface between a user and the device  100 . The audio circuitry  110  receives audio data from the peripherals interface  118 , converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to the speaker  111 . The speaker  111  converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves. The audio circuitry  110  also receives electrical signals converted by the microphone  113  from sound waves. The audio circuitry  110  converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to the peripherals interface  118  for processing. Audio data may be retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory  102  and/or the RF circuitry  108  by the peripherals interface  118 . In some embodiments, the audio circuitry  110  also includes a headset jack (e.g.  212 ,  FIG. 2 ). The headset jack provides an interface between the audio circuitry  110  and removable audio input/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headset with both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input (e.g., a microphone). 
     The I/O subsystem  106  couples input/output peripherals on the device  100 , such as the touch screen  112  and other input/control devices  116 , to the peripherals interface  118 . The I/O subsystem  106  may include a display controller  156  and one or more input controllers  160  for other input or control devices. The one or more input controllers  160  receive/send electrical signals from/to other input or control devices  116 . The other input/control devices  116  may include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s)  160  may be coupled to any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, infrared port, USB port, and a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g.,  208 ,  FIG. 2 ) may include an up/down button for volume control of the speaker  111  and/or the microphone  113 . The one or more buttons may include a push button (e.g.,  206 ,  FIG. 2 ). A quick press of the push button may disengage a lock of the touch screen  112  or begin a process that uses gestures on the touch screen to unlock the device, as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/322,549, “Unlocking a Device by Performing Gestures on an Unlock Image,” filed Dec. 23, 2005, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. A longer press of the push button (e.g.,  206 ) may turn power to the device  100  on or off. The user may be able to customize a functionality of one or more of the buttons. The touch screen  112  is used to implement virtual or soft buttons and one or more soft keyboards. 
     The touch-sensitive touch screen  112  provides an input interface and an output interface between the device and a user. The display controller  156  receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to the touch screen  112 . The touch screen  112  displays visual output to the user. The visual output may include graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all of the visual output may correspond to user-interface objects, further details of which are described below. 
     A touch screen  112  has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor or set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact. The touch screen  112  and the display controller  156  (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory  102 ) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on the touch screen  112  and converts the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages or images) that are displayed on the touch screen. In an exemplary embodiment, a point of contact between a touch screen  112  and the user corresponds to a finger of the user. 
     The touch screen  112  may use LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, or LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, although other display technologies may be used in other embodiments. The touch screen  112  and the display controller  156  may detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of a plurality of capacitive touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to projected mutual capacitance touch sensing technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining areas of contact with a touch screen  112 . 
     A touch-sensitive display in some embodiments of the touch screen  112  may be analogous to the multi-touch sensitive tablets described in the following U.S. Pat. No. 6,323,846 (Westerman et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 6,570,557 (Westerman et al.), and/or U.S. Pat. No. 6,677,932 (Westerman), and/or U.S. Patent Publication 2002/0015024A1, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. However, a touch screen  112  displays visual output from the portable device  100 , whereas touch sensitive tablets do not provide visual output. 
     A touch-sensitive display in some embodiments of the touch screen  112  may be as described in the following applications: (1) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/381,313, “Multipoint Touch Surface Controller,” filed May 2, 2006; (2) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/840,862, “Multipoint Touchscreen,” filed May 6, 2004; (3) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/903,964, “Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jul. 30, 2004; (4) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/048,264, “Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jan. 31, 2005; (5) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/038,590, “Mode-Based Graphical User Interfaces For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jan. 18, 2005; (6) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,758, “Virtual Input Device Placement On A Touch Screen User Interface,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; (7) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,700, “Operation Of A Computer With A Touch Screen Interface,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; (8) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,737, “Activating Virtual Keys Of A Touch-Screen Virtual Keyboard,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; and (9) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/367,749, “Multi-Functional Hand-Held Device,” filed Mar. 3, 2006. All of these applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. 
     The touch screen  112  may have a resolution in excess of 100 dpi. In an exemplary embodiment, the touch screen has a resolution of approximately 160 dpi. The user may make contact with the touch screen  112  using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to work primarily with finger-based contacts and gestures, which are much less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the rough finger-based input into a precise command for performing the actions desired by the user. 
     In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, the device  100  may include a touchpad (not shown) for activating or deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output. The touchpad may be a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the touch screen  112  or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen. 
     In some embodiments, the device  100  may include a physical or virtual click wheel as an input control device  116 . A user may navigate among and interact with one or more graphical objects (henceforth referred to as icons) displayed in the touch screen  112  by rotating the click wheel or by moving a point of contact with the click wheel (e.g., where the amount of movement of the point of contact is measured by its angular displacement with respect to a center point of the click wheel). The click wheel may also be used to select one or more of the displayed icons. For example, the user may press down on at least a portion of the click wheel or an associated button. User commands and navigation commands provided by the user via the click wheel may be processed by an input controller  160  as well as one or more of the modules and/or sets of instructions in memory  102 . For a virtual click wheel, the click wheel and click wheel controller may be part of the touch screen  112  and the display controller  156 , respectively. For a virtual click wheel, the click wheel may be either an opaque or semitransparent object that appears and disappears on the touch screen display in response to user interaction with the device. In some embodiments, a virtual click wheel is displayed on the touch screen of a portable multifunction device and operated by user contact with the touch screen. 
     The device  100  also includes a power system  162  for powering the various components. The power system  162  may include a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices. 
     The device  100  may also include one or more optical sensors  164 .  FIGS. 1A and 1B  show an optical sensor coupled to an optical sensor controller  158  in I/O subsystem  106 . The optical sensor  164  may include charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistors. The optical sensor  164  receives light from the environment, projected through one or more lens, and converts the light to data representing an image. In conjunction with an imaging module  143  (also called a camera module), the optical sensor  164  may capture still images or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the back of the device  100 , opposite the touch screen display  112  on the front of the device, so that the touch screen display may be used as a viewfinder for either still and/or video image acquisition. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the front of the device so that the user&#39;s image may be obtained for videoconferencing while the user views the other video conference participants on the touch screen display. In some embodiments, the position of the optical sensor  164  can be changed by the user (e.g., by rotating the lens and the sensor in the device housing) so that a single optical sensor  164  may be used along with the touch screen display for both video conferencing and still and/or video image acquisition. 
     The device  100  may also include one or more proximity sensors  166 .  FIGS. 1A and 1B  show a proximity sensor  166  coupled to the peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, the proximity sensor  166  may be coupled to an input controller  160  in the I/O subsystem  106 . The proximity sensor  166  may perform as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/241,839, “Proximity Detector In Handheld Device”; Ser. No. 11/240,788, “Proximity Detector In Handheld Device”; Ser. No. 11/620,702, “Using Ambient Light Sensor To Augment Proximity Sensor Output”; Ser. No. 11/586,862, “Automated Response To And Sensing Of User Activity In Portable Devices”; and Ser. No. 11/638,251, “Methods And Systems For Automatic Configuration Of Peripherals,” which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. In some embodiments, the proximity sensor turns off and disables the touch screen  112  when the multifunction device is placed near the user&#39;s ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call). In some embodiments, the proximity sensor keeps the screen off when the device is in the user&#39;s pocket, purse, or other dark area to prevent unnecessary battery drainage when the device is a locked state. 
     The device  100  may also include one or more accelerometers  168 .  FIGS. 1A and 1B  show an accelerometer  168  coupled to the peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, the accelerometer  168  may be coupled to an input controller  160  in the I/O subsystem  106 . The accelerometer  168  may perform as described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 20050190059, “Acceleration-based Theft Detection System for Portable Electronic Devices,” and U.S. Patent Publication No. 20060017692, “Methods And Apparatuses For Operating A Portable Device Based On An Accelerometer,” both of which are which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. In some embodiments, information is displayed on the touch screen display in a portrait view or a landscape view based on an analysis of data received from the one or more accelerometers. 
     In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory  102  may include an operating system  126 , a communication module (or set of instructions)  128 , a contact/motion module (or set of instructions)  130 , a graphics module (or set of instructions)  132 , a text input module (or set of instructions)  134 , a Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set of instructions)  135 , and applications (or set of instructions)  136 . 
     The operating system  126  (e.g., Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components. 
     The communication module  128  facilitates communication with other devices over one or more external ports  124  and also includes various software components for handling data received by the RF circuitry  108  and/or the external port  124 . The external port  124  (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the 30-pin connector used on iPod (trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.) devices. 
     The contact/motion module  130  may detect contact with the touch screen  112  (in conjunction with the display controller  156 ) and other touch sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). The contact/motion module  130  includes various software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact, such as determining if contact has occurred, determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across the touch screen  112 , and determining if the contact has been broken (i.e., if the contact has ceased). Determining movement of the point of contact may include determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. These operations may be applied to single contacts (e.g., one finger contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g., “multitouch”/multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments, the contact/motion module  130  and the display controller  156  also detects contact on a touchpad. In some embodiments, the contact/motion module  130  and the controller  160  detects contact on a click wheel. 
     The graphics module  132  includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics on the touch screen  112 , including components for changing the intensity of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics” includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including without limitation text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations and the like. 
     The text input module  134 , which may be a component of graphics module  132 , provides soft keyboards for entering text in various applications (e.g., contacts  137 , e-mail  140 , IM  141 , blogging  142 , browser  147 , and any other application that needs text input). 
     The GPS module  135  determines the location of the device and provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone  138  for use in location-based dialing, to camera  143  and/or blogger  142  as picture/video metadata, and to applications that provide location-based services such as weather widgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets). 
     The applications  136  may include the following modules (or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof:
         a contacts module  137  (sometimes called an address book or contact list);   a telephone module  138 ;   a video conferencing module  139 ;   an e-mail client module  140 ;   an instant messaging (IM) module  141 ;   a blogging module  142 ;   a camera module  143  for still and/or video images;   an image management module  144 ;   a video player module  145 ;   a music player module  146 ;   a browser module  147 ;   a calendar module  148 ;   widget modules  149 , which may include weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  149 - 3 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , dictionary widget  149 - 5 , and other widgets obtained by the user, as well as user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   widget creator module  150  for making user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   search module  151 ;   video and music player module  152 , which merges video player module  145  and music player module  146 ;   notes module  153 ;   map module  154 ; and/or   online video module  155 .       

     Examples of other applications  136  that may be stored in memory  102  include other word processing applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice replication. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the contacts module  137  may be used to manage an address book or contact list, including: adding name(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book; associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or other information with a name; associating an image with a name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers or e-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications by telephone  138 , video conference  139 , e-mail  140 , or IM  141 ; and so forth. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the telephone module  138  may be used to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers in the address book  137 , modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation and disconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As noted above, the wireless communication may use any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , contact list  137 , and telephone module  138 , the videoconferencing module  139  may be used to initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user and one or more other participants. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the e-mail client module  140  may be used to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail. In conjunction with image management module  144 , the e-mail module  140  makes it very easy to create and send e-mails with still or video images taken with camera module  143 . 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the instant messaging module  141  may be used to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to an instant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit a respective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service (SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-based instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS for Internet-based instant messages), to receive instant messages and to view received instant messages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or received instant messages may include graphics, photos, audio files, video files and/or other attachments as are supported in a MMS and/or an Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging” refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , image management module  144 , and browsing module  147 , the blogging module  142  may be used to send text, still images, video, and/or other graphics to a blog (e.g., the user&#39;s blog). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor(s)  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and image management module  144 , the camera module  143  may be used to capture still images or video (including a video stream) and store them into memory  102 , modify characteristics of a still image or video, or delete a still image or video from memory  102 . 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and camera module  143 , the image management module  144  may be used to arrange, modify or otherwise manipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/or video images. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , and speaker  111 , the video player module  145  may be used to display, present or otherwise play back videos (e.g., on the touch screen or on an external, connected display via external port  124 ). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , and browser module  147 , the music player module  146  allows the user to download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files. In some embodiments, the device  100  may include the functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the browser module  147  may be used to browse the Internet, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portions thereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , e-mail module  140 , and browser module  147 , the calendar module  148  may be used to create, display, modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendar entries, to do lists, etc.). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , the widget modules  149  are mini-applications that may be downloaded and used by a user (e.g., weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  149 - 3 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , and dictionary widget  149 - 5 ) or created by the user (e.g., user-created widget  149 - 6 ). In some embodiments, a widget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In some embodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , the widget creator module  150  may be used by a user to create widgets (e.g., turning a user-specified portion of a web page into a widget). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the search module  151  may be used to search for text, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory  102  that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the notes module  153  may be used to create and manage notes, to do lists, and the like. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , and browser module  147 , the map module  154  may be used to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data associated with maps (e.g., driving directions; data on stores and other points of interest at or near a particular location; and other location-based data). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , the online video module  155  allows the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen or on an external, connected display via external port  124 ), send an e-mail with a link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats, such as H.264. In some embodiments, instant messaging module  141 , rather than e-mail client module  140 , is used to send a link to a particular online video. Additional description of the online video application can be found in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/936,562, “Portable Multifunction Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Playing Online Videos,” filed Jun. 20, 2007, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/968,067, “Portable Multifunction Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Playing Online Videos,” filed Dec. 31, 2007, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
     Each of the above identified modules and applications correspond to a set of instructions for performing one or more functions described above. These modules (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. For example, video player module  145  may be combined with music player module  146  into a single module (e.g., video and music player module  152 ,  FIG. 1B ). In some embodiments, memory  102  may store a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  102  may store additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     In some embodiments, the device  100  is a device where operation of a predefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusively through a touch screen  112  and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/or a touchpad as the primary input/control device for operation of the device  100 , the number of physical input/control devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) on the device  100  may be reduced. 
     The predefined set of functions that may be performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad include navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by the user, navigates the device  100  to a main, home, or root menu from any user interface that may be displayed on the device  100 . In such embodiments, the touchpad may be referred to as a “menu button.” In some other embodiments, the menu button may be a physical push button or other physical input/control device instead of a touchpad. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a portable multifunction device  100  having a touch screen  112  in accordance with some embodiments. The touch screen may display one or more graphics within user interface (UI)  200 . In this embodiment, as well as others described below, a user may select one or more of the graphics by making contact or touching the graphics, for example, with one or more fingers  202  (not drawn to scale in the figure). In some embodiments, selection of one or more graphics occurs when the user breaks contact with the one or more graphics. In some embodiments, the contact may include a gesture, such as one or more taps, one or more swipes (from left to right, right to left, upward and/or downward) and/or a rolling of a finger (from right to left, left to right, upward and/or downward) that has made contact with the device  100 . In some embodiments, inadvertent contact with a graphic may not select the graphic. For example, a swipe gesture that sweeps over an application icon may not select the corresponding application when the gesture corresponding to selection is a tap. 
     The device  100  may also include one or more physical buttons, such as “home” or menu button  204 . As described previously, the menu button  204  may be used to navigate to any application  136  in a set of applications that may be executed on the device  100 . Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as a soft key in a GUI in touch screen  112 . 
     In one embodiment, the device  100  includes a touch screen  112 , a menu button  204 , a push button  206  for powering the device on/off and locking the device, volume adjustment button(s)  208 , a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card slot  210 , a head set jack  212 , and a docking/charging external port  124 . The push button  206  may be used to turn the power on/off on the device by depressing the button and holding the button in the depressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by depressing the button and releasing the button before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an unlock process. In an alternative embodiment, the device  100  also may accept verbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions through the microphone  113 . 
       FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an exemplary electronic device with a touch screen display in accordance with some embodiments. Device  300  need not be portable. In some embodiments, the device  300  is a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a table computer, a multimedia player device, a navigation device, an educational device (such as a child&#39;s learning toy), a gaming system, or a control device (e.g., a home or industrial controller). The device  300  typically includes one or more processing units (CPU&#39;s)  310 , one or more network or other communications interfaces  360 , memory  370 , and one or more communication buses  320  for interconnecting these components. The communication buses  320  may include circuitry (sometimes called a chipset) that interconnects and controls communications between system components. The device  300  includes a user interface  330  comprising a touch-screen display  340 . The user interface  330  also may include a keyboard and/or mouse (or other pointing device)  350 . Memory  370  includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM or other random access solid state memory devices; and may include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory  370  may optionally include one or more storage devices remotely located from the CPU(s)  310 . In some embodiments, memory  370  stores programs, modules, and data structures analogous to the programs, modules, and data structures stored in the memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100  ( FIG. 1 ), or a subset thereof. Furthermore, memory  370  may store additional programs, modules, and data structures (not shown) not present in the memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100 . 
     Each of the above identified elements in  FIG. 3  may be stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices. Each of the above identified modules corresponds to a set of instructions for performing a function described above. The above identified modules or programs (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  370  may store a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  370  may store additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) that may be implemented on a portable multifunction device  100 . 
       FIGS. 4A and 4B  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for a menu of applications on a portable multifunction device  100  in accordance with some embodiments. Similar user interfaces may be implemented on device  300 . In some embodiments, user interface  400 A includes the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:
         Signal strength indicator(s)  402  for wireless communication(s), such as cellular and Wi-Fi signals;   Time  404 ;   Bluetooth indicator  405 ;   Battery status indicator  406 ;   Tray  408  with icons for frequently used applications, such as:
           Phone  138 , which may include an indicator  414  of the number of missed calls or voicemail messages;   E-mail client  140 , which may include an indicator  410  of the number of unread e-mails;   Browser  147 ; and   Music player  146 ; and   
           Icons for other applications, such as:
           IM  141 ;   Image management  144 ;   Camera  143 ;   Video player  145 ;   Weather  149 - 1 ;   Stocks  149 - 2 ;   Blog  142 ;   Calendar  148 ;   Calculator  149 - 3 ;   Alarm clock  149 - 4 ;   Dictionary  149 - 5 ; and   User-created widget  149 - 6 .   
               

     In some embodiments, user interface  400 B includes the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:
           402 ,  404 ,  405 ,  406 ,  141 ,  148 ,  144 ,  143 ,  149 - 3 ,  149 - 2 ,  149 - 1 ,  149 - 4 ,  410 ,  414 ,  138 ,  140 , and  147 , as described above;   Map  154 ;   Notes  153 ;   Settings  412 , which provides access to settings for the device  100  and its various applications  136 , as described further below;   Video and music player module  152 , also referred to as iPod (trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.) module  152 ; and   Online video module  155 , also referred to as YouTube (trademark of Google, Inc.) module  155 .       

     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) and associated processes that may be implemented on a computing device with a touch screen display, such as device  300  or portable multifunction device  100 . 
       FIG. 5A  illustrates an overhead view  500  of an exemplary finger in contact with a touch screen display in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG. 5A  shows finger  540  in contact  520 - 1  with a touch screen display  505 - 1 . A touch area  525 - 1  created by the device that corresponds to the contact  520  is shown, along with a representative point  530 - 1  and a centroid  535  of the touch area. Note that the touch area  525  created by the device is typically not visible to a user. In other words, the touch area  525  models the finger contact  520 , but the touch area  520  is typically not shown on the touch screen display  505 . 
       FIG. 5B  illustrates a side view of the finger and the touch screen display of  FIG. 5A . In  FIG. 5B , dotted lines corresponding to the edges of finger contact  520 - 1  and touch area  525 - 1  in  FIG. 5A  are shown. In some embodiments, the created touch area  525 - 1  is smaller than the contact area  520 - 1  of the finger  540 - 1 , as shown in  FIGS. 5A and 5B . In some embodiments, the created touch area  525  is larger than the contact area  520  of the finger  540  (not shown). 
       FIG. 5C  illustrates the components of a touch area  525  in accordance with some embodiments. The touch area  525  is created in response to detecting a finger contact  520  with a touch screen display  510 . The touch area  525  includes an area  555  with a perimeter  550  and a representative point  530 . In some embodiments, the representative point is the centroid  535  ( FIG. 5A ) of the touch area. In some embodiments, the representative point  530  is offset from the centroid  535  of the touch area (e.g., as shown in  FIG. 5A ). The representative point may be offset from the centroid to compensate for parallax, persistent errors between desired and actual contact locations, or other finger placement errors. 
       FIGS. 5D-5F  illustrate hit regions  560  for on-screen objects in accordance with some embodiments. A touch area  525  is determined to overlap an object  570  if the touch area overlaps the object&#39;s hit region  560 . Similarly, a touch area is determined to intersect an object if the touch area intersects the object&#39;s hit region. An object&#39;s hit region  560  is typically the same as the object  570  displayed on the touch screen. For example, in  FIG. 5D , hit region  560 - 1  is the same as the on-screen object  570 . In some embodiments, however, the hit region is larger (e.g., hit region  560 - 2 ,  FIG. 5E ) or smaller (e.g., hit region  560 - 3 ,  FIG. 5F ) than the object  570  displayed on the touch screen. A larger hit region ( FIG. 5E ) makes it easier for a touch area to overlap or intersect the object. Conversely, a smaller hit region ( FIG. 5F ) makes it harder for a touch area to overlap or intersect the object. As used in the specification and claims, phrases like “determining if the touch area overlaps an object” will be understood to mean “determining if the touch area overlaps an object&#39;s hit region,” where the object&#39;s hit region may be the same as, larger than, or smaller than the on-screen object. For ease of illustration and explanation, an object&#39;s hit region  560  will be the same as the on-screen object (e.g., connected object  510  and unconnected object  600 ) in the Figures (except for  FIGS. 5E and 5F ). 
       FIGS. 6A-6F  illustrate various degrees and types of overlap of a touch area with an object displayed on the touch screen display in accordance with some embodiments.  FIGS. 6A-6C  show no overlap, partial overlap, and complete overlap, respectively, between a touch area  525  and an on-screen object.  FIGS. 6D-6F  illustrate different parts of the touch area  525  that may be analyzed to determine if the touch area overlaps the object, such as the perimeter of the touch area and/or an interior portion of the touch area. 
       FIGS. 7A-7E  illustrate touch areas created by modeling a single finger contact as a geometric object in accordance with some embodiments. The touch areas  525  are modeled as ellipses with major axis  720  and minor axis  715  in  FIGS. 7A ,  7 D, and  7 E. The touch areas  525  are modeled as polygons in  FIGS. 7B and 7C .  FIG. 7E  also illustrates angles between an axis corresponding to the touch area  525  and an axis corresponding to the touch screen display  505 - 2  that may be determined and used to monitor rotation of the touch area. In turn, the determined rotation of the touch area may be used create corresponding rotations in objects connected to the touch area. Thus, information derived from a single finger contact may be used to control rotation of an on-screen object in a physically intuitive manner. 
       FIGS. 8A-8C  illustrate moving an on-screen object connected to a single finger touch area in accordance with movement of the touch area. Exemplary movements include translation ( FIG. 8A ); rotation about a point in the overlap region between the object and the touch area ( FIG. 8B ); and simultaneous translation and rotation of the object ( FIG. 8C ). 
       FIGS. 9A and 9B  illustrate two-dimensional and simulated three-dimensional on-screen objects modeled as a set of vertices in accordance with some embodiments. The vertices may be arranged in rows (e.g.,  914   a - f ,  FIG. 9A ), columns (e.g.,  912   a - j ,  FIG. 9A ), and/or diagonals (e.g.,  916   a - n , FIG. A). 
       FIGS. 10A-10C  illustrate moving an unconnected on-screen object in response to intersection (a virtual collision) with an on-screen object connected to a touch area. 
       FIGS. 11A-11C  illustrate moving an unconnected on-screen object in response to intersection with an on-screen object connected to a touch area. Both objects are modeled as a set of vertices and a rigid body simulation of the virtual collision is displayed. 
       FIGS. 12A-12C  illustrate moving an on-screen object in response to intersection (e.g., virtual nudging or bumping) with a touch area. The movement may include translation ( 1206 ,  FIG. 12C ) and/or rotation (not shown) of the nudged object. 
       FIGS. 13A-13C  illustrate moving multiple on-screen objects connected to a single finger touch area in accordance with movement of the touch area. Exemplary movements include translation ( FIG. 13A ); rotation ( FIG. 13B ); and simultaneous translation and rotation of the objects ( FIG. 13C ).  FIG. 13D  illustrates moving multiple on-screen objects, with each object connected to a single finger touch area, in accordance with movement of the touch areas. 
       FIGS. 14A-14C  illustrate moving on-screen objects in response to intersection (e.g., virtual nudging or bumping) with a touch area that corresponds to a hand edge. The movement may include translation ( 1420 ,  1422 , and  1424 ,  FIG. 12C ) and/or rotation (not shown) of the nudged objects. 
       FIGS. 15A-15B  illustrate a touch area overlapping with one or more vertices of an on-screen object in accordance with some embodiments. Touch area overlap may determined with vertices on the perimeter of the object (e.g.,  FIG. 15B ) and/or with vertices in the interior of the object (e.g.,  FIG. 15A ). 
     For ease of illustration,  FIGS. 8A-8C ,  10 A- 10 C,  11 A- 11 C,  12 A- 12 C,  13 A- 13 D, and  14 A- 14 C show movements in fingers, touch areas, and objects between widely separated positions a and b. In practice, detecting finger contact movements and determining corresponding touch area and on-screen object movements are incremental determinations done in real time. Thus, object(s) connected to a touch area will appear to be attached to the finger contact as the finger moves on the touch screen display (e.g., from position a to position b). 
       FIGS. 5A-5F ,  6 A- 6 F,  7 A- 7 E,  8 A- 8 C,  9 A- 9 B,  10 A- 10 C,  11 A- 11 C,  12 A- 12 C,  13 A- 13 D,  14 A- 14 C, and  15 A- 15 B illustrate exemplary user interfaces for moving on-screen objects in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in these Figures are used to illustrate the processes described below with respect to  FIGS. 16A-16G ,  17 ,  18 ,  19 ,  20 ,  21 A- 21 B, and  22 . 
       FIGS. 16A-16G  are flow diagrams illustrating a method of moving an on-screen object with a single finger in accordance with some embodiments. The method  1600  is performed at a computing device  300  with a touch screen display. In some embodiments, the method is performed at a portable multifunction device with a touch screen display (e.g., portable multifunction device  100 ). As described below, the method  1600  provides an intuitive interface for direct finger manipulation of on-screen objects with a single finger, without using a cursor to move the objects. 
     The device displays ( 1602 ) a plurality of objects on the touch screen display. For example, in  FIG. 8A , objects  600 - 2 ,  600 - 3 , and  510 - 7  are displayed on touch screen display  505 . For ease of explanation, the objects in  FIG. 8A  (and other similar figures) are shown as simple rectangular on-screen objects. In practice, the objects are typically more complex and may include text, web pages, icons (including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations, and other two-dimensional and simulated three-dimensional objects. 
     The device detects ( 1604 ) a single finger contact on the touch screen display. For example, the device uses contact/motion module  130  ( FIG. 1A ) to detect finger contact  520 - 1  on touch screen display  505 - 1  ( FIGS. 5A and 5B ). 
     The device creates ( 1606 ,  FIG. 16A ) a touch area that corresponds to the single finger contact on the touch screen display. The touch area includes a perimeter (e.g., perimeter  550 - 2 ,  FIG. 5C ). For example, the device uses contact/motion module  130  ( FIG. 1A ) to create a touch area  525 - 1  that corresponds to single finger contact  520 - 1  ( FIGS. 5A and 5B ). 
     In some embodiments, the device models ( 1652 ,  FIG. 16D ) the detected single finger contact as a geometric object to create the touch area. For example, in  FIG. 7A , the device uses contact/motion module  130  ( FIG. 1A ) to model finger contact  520 - 2  as touch area  525 - 8 . 
     In some embodiments, the geometric object is a two-dimensional object ( 1654 ), such as the touch areas  525  shown in  FIGS. 7A-7E . In some embodiments, the geometric object is an ellipse ( 1656 ). For example, in  FIGS. 7A ,  7 D, and  7 E, the touch areas  525  are modeled as ellipses. In some embodiments, the geometric object is a polygon ( 1658 ). For example, in  FIG. 7B , the touch area  525 - 9  is modeled as a rectangle and in  FIG. 7C  the touch area  525 - 10  is modeled as an octagon. In some embodiments, the touch area is bounded by a spline curve ( 1660 ). 
     In some embodiments, the device applies ( 1662 ) a watershed algorithm to data corresponding to the detected single finger contact  520  on the touch screen display to create an image of the detected single finger contact, and models the image as a geometric object to create the touch area  525 . In some embodiments, the data corresponding to the detected single finger contact are capacitance data ( 1664 ), such as capacitance data from a touch screen display that measures projected mutual capacitance data. Like the touch area  525 , the image is typically not displayed. 
     In some embodiments, the device thresholds ( 1666 ) data corresponding to the detected single finger contact on the touch screen display to create a thresholded image of the detected single finger contact, and models the thresholded image as a geometric object to create the touch area. In some embodiments, the data corresponding to the detected single finger contact are capacitance data ( 1668 ,  FIG. 16D ), such as capacitance data from a touch screen display that measures projected mutual capacitance data. Like the touch area  525 , the thresholded image is typically not displayed. 
     The device determines ( 1608 ,  FIG. 16A ) a representative point  530  within the touch area. For example, in  FIG. 8A , the contact/motion module  130  determines representative point  530 - 9 - a  when the finger  540 - 2 - a  makes contact with the touch screen  505  at position a. 
     In some embodiments, the representative point within the touch area is the centroid of the touch area ( 1610 ), e.g., centroid  535  ( FIG. 5A ). In some embodiments, the representative point within the touch area is a point that is offset from the centroid of the touch area ( 1612 ). In some embodiments, the representative point within the touch area is a point that is offset from the centroid of the touch area along a major axis or minor axis of the touch area ( 1614 ). For example, in  FIG. 7D , the representative point  530 - 8  within the touch area  525 - 11  is a point that is offset from the centroid  535 - 2  of the touch area along a major axis of the touch area ellipse. The representative point  530  may be offset from the centroid to compensate for parallax, persistent errors between desired and actual contact locations, or other finger placement errors. 
     In some embodiments, the device determines ( 1616 ) an axis of the touch area. In some embodiments, the device determines ( 1618 ) a major axis  720  of the touch area. In some embodiments, the device ( 1620 ) determines a minor axis  715  of the touch area. For example, in  FIG. 7E , the contact/motion module  130  determines major axis  720 - 4  and/or minor axis  715 - 4  of touch area  525 - 12 . In some embodiments, the device determines ( 1622 ) an angle between an axis corresponding to the touch area  525  and an axis corresponding to the touch screen display (e.g., an angle between a major or minor axis of the touch area and a vertical or horizontal axis of the touch screen display). For example, in  FIG. 7E , the contact/motion module  130  may determine at least one of: (1) angle  730  between the major axis  720 - 4  of touch area  525 - 12  and a horizontal axis  755  of the touch screen display  505 ; (2) angle  735  between the major axis  720 - 4  of touch area  525 - 12  and a vertical axis  750  of the touch screen display  505 ; (3) angle  740  between the minor axis  715 - 4  of touch area  525 - 12  and a vertical axis  750  of the touch screen display  505 ; and (3) angle  745  between the minor axis  715 - 4  of touch area  525 - 12  and a horizontal axis  755  of the touch screen display  505 . As explained below, in response to detecting changes in one or more of these angles, the device may make corresponding changes in the rotation of objects connected to the touch area  525 . 
     The device determines ( 1624 ,  FIG. 16B ) if the touch area  525  overlaps an object in the plurality of objects displayed on the touch screen display. Determining if the touch area overlaps the object includes determining if one or more portions of the touch area  525  other than the representative point  530  overlap the object (i.e., determining if one or more portions of the touch area other than the representative point overlap the object is in addition to or in place of a determining if the representative point overlaps the object). This determination detects overlap with an object that would be missed if the overlap determination was just based on overlap between a representative point  530  of the touch area  525  (e.g., the centroid  535 ) and the object. 
     As noted above,  FIGS. 6A-6C  illustrate various degrees of overlap of the touch area  525  with an object displayed on the touch screen display in accordance with some embodiments. In  FIG. 6A , there is no overlap between the touch area  525 - 2  and the object  600 - 1 . In  FIG. 6B , there is partial overlap between the touch area  525 - 3  and object  510 - 2 , but the partial overlap (overlap portion  610 - 1  of touch area  525 - 3 ) does not include the representative point  530 - 3  of touch area  525 - 3 . In  FIG. 6C , there is complete overlap of the touch area  525 - 4  and the object  510 - 3 . 
     In some embodiments, determining if the touch area overlaps the object includes determining ( 1670 ,  FIG. 16E ) if the perimeter of the touch area overlaps the object. For example, for the object  510 - 4  and touch area  525 - 5  shown in  FIG. 6D , the contact/motion module  130  in conjunction with the graphics module  132  would determine that at least some of the bolded portion of perimeter  550 - 2  overlaps object  510 - 4 . 
     In some embodiments, determining if the touch area overlaps the object includes determining ( 1672 ) if a portion of the touch area between the representative point within the touch area and the perimeter of the touch area overlaps the object. For example, for the object  510 - 5  and touch area  525 - 6  shown in  FIG. 6E , the contact/motion module  130  in conjunction with the graphics module  132  would determine that at least some of the shaded portion  610 - 2  of touch area  525 - 6  overlaps object  510 - 5 . 
     In some embodiments, determining if the touch area overlaps the object includes determining if the perimeter of the touch area overlaps the object, and determining if a portion of the touch area between the representative point within the touch area and the perimeter of the touch area overlaps the object ( 1674 ). For example, for the object  510 - 6  and touch area  525 - 7  shown in  FIG. 6F , the contact/motion module  130  in conjunction with the graphics module  132  would determine that at least some of the bolded portion of perimeter  550 - 3  overlaps object  510 - 6  and at least some of the shaded portion  610 - 3  of touch area  525 - 7  overlaps object  510 - 6 . 
     In some embodiments, the object comprises a set of vertices and determining if the touch area overlaps the object comprises determining ( 1676 ) if the touch area overlaps with one or more vertices in the set of vertices. In some embodiments, the object has a shape and the set of vertices form a mesh that corresponds to the shape of the object ( 1678 ). For example, in  FIG. 15A , object  510 - 25  has a square shape, a set of vertices form a mesh that corresponds to the square shape, and the contact/motion module  130  in conjunction with the graphics module  132  would determine that touch area  525 - 25  overlaps with the vertices highlighted by black dots in  FIG. 15A . In some embodiments, the object includes a perimeter and the set of vertices form the perimeter of the object ( 1680 ,  FIG. 16E ). For example, in  FIG. 15B , object  510 - 26  has a perimeter, a set of vertices form a perimeter of the object, and the contact/motion module  130  in conjunction with the graphics module  132  would determine that touch area  525 - 26  overlaps with the vertices highlighted by black dots in  FIG. 15B . 
     The device connects ( 1626 ,  FIG. 16B ) the object with the touch area if the touch area is determined to overlap the object. For example, in  FIG. 8A , the contact/motion module  130  in conjunction with the graphics module  132  connect object  510 - 7  with touch area  525 - 13  because a portion  610 - 20  of touch area  525 - 13 - a  overlaps object  510 - 7  (even though portion  610 - 20  does not include the representative point  530 - 9 - a  of touch area  525 - 13   a ). Connecting the object with the touch area maintains the overlap of the object and the touch area. As used herein, “connecting the object with the touch area” means coordinating movement of the object and the touch area if the touch area is determined to overlap the object so as to maintain the overlap of the object and the touch area. As used herein, “maintaining the overlap” means maintaining at least some overlap, and does not require maintaining exactly the same overlap. The size and shape of the overlap may change, e.g., because the size and shape of the detected finger contact  520  and the corresponding touch area  525  may change somewhat during finger movement. 
     In some embodiments, the device leaves unconnected ( 1628 ) with the touch area objects in the plurality of objects that do not overlap the touch area. For example, in  FIG. 8A , the device leaves objects  600 - 2  and  600 - 3  unconnected with touch area  525 - 13  because objects  6002 - and  600 - 3  do not overlap touch area  525 - 13  when a finger contact is made at position a. 
     In some embodiments, creating ( 1606 ) the touch area  525 , determining ( 1608 ) the representative point  530 , determining ( 1624 ) if the touch area  525  overlaps the object, and connecting ( 1626 ) the object with the touch area are all done in response to detecting ( 1604 ) the single finger contact on the touch screen display. 
     After connecting the object with the touch area, the device detects ( 1630 ) movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display. For example, in  FIG. 8A , after connecting object  510 - 7  with touch area  525 - 13  at position a, the contact/motion module  130  detects movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display to another position, position b. 
     The device determines ( 1632 ,  FIG. 16B )) movement of the touch area that corresponds to movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display. For example, in  FIG. 8A , the contact/motion module  130  determines movement  804  of the touch area from position a (where touch area  525 - 13  is denoted  525 - 13 - a ) to position b (where touch area  525 - 13  is denoted  525 - 13 - b ), which corresponds to movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display from position a to position b. 
     In some embodiments, determining movement of the touch area includes determining ( 1682 ,  FIG. 16F ) translation  804  of the touch area in accordance with the detected movement (e.g., from  525 - 13 - a  to  525 - 13 - b  in  FIG. 8A ). 
     In some embodiments, determining movement of the touch area includes determining ( 1684 ) translation  804  of the representative point of the touch area in accordance with the detected movement (e.g., from  530 - 9 - a  to  530 - 9 - b  in  FIG. 8A ). 
     In some embodiments, determining movement of the touch area includes determining ( 1686 ) rotation  808  of the touch area in accordance with the detected movement of the contact (e.g., from  525 - 14 - a  to  525 - 14 - b  in  FIG. 8B ). 
     In some embodiments, determining movement of the touch area includes determining ( 1688 ) rotation of an axis of the touch area (e.g., major axis  720  or minor axis  715 ) in accordance with the detected movement of the contact. For example, the contact/motion module  130  may determine rotation of major axis  720  or minor axis  715  relative to an axis of the touch screen by determining a change in angle  730 ,  735 ,  740 , or  745  ( FIG. 7E ) in accordance with the detected movement of the contact. 
     In some embodiments, determining movement of the touch area includes determining ( 1690 ) translation and rotation  816  of the touch area in accordance with the detected movement of the contact (e.g., from  525 - 16 - a  to  525 - 16 - b  in  FIG. 8C ). 
     In some embodiments, determining movement of the touch area includes determining ( 1692 ,  FIG. 16F ) changes in the size and shape of the touch area  525  in accordance with the detected movement of the contact. 
     The device moves ( 1634 ,  FIG. 16B ) the object connected with the touch area in accordance with the determined movement of the touch area. For example, in conjunction with the contact/motion module  130 , the graphics module  132  moves the object connected with the touch area  525  in accordance with the determined movement of the touch area. By using direct finger manipulation, the object is moved in accordance with the determined movement of the touch area without using a cursor ( 1635 ). 
     In some embodiments, moving the object connected with the touch area in accordance with the determined movement of the touch area includes translating ( 1693 ,  FIG. 16G ) the object connected with the touch area in accordance with the determined movement of the touch area. For example, in  FIG. 8A , the graphics module  132  moves  806  connected object  510 - 7  from position a (where object  510 - 7  is denoted object  510 - 7 - a ) to position b (where object  510 - 7  is denoted  510 - 7 - b ), in accordance with the determined movement  804  of the touch area  525 - 13  from  525 - 13 - a  to  525 - 13 - b . In  FIG. 8A , object  510 - 7  will appear to be connected to the user&#39;s finger  540  during the translation. 
     In some embodiments, moving the object connected with the touch area in accordance with the determined movement of the touch area includes rotating ( 1694 ) the object connected with the touch area in accordance with the determined movement of the touch area. For example, in  FIG. 8B , the graphics module  132  rotates  810  connected object  510 - 8  from position a (where object  510 - 8  is denoted object  510 - 8 - a ) to position b (where object  510 - 8  is denoted  510 - 8 - b ), in accordance with the determined movement  808  of the touch area  525 - 14  from  525 - 14 - a  to  525 - 14 - b . In  FIG. 8B , object  510 - 8  will appear to be connected to the user&#39;s finger  540  during the rotation. 
     In some embodiments, rotating the object connected with the touch area in accordance with the determined movement of the touch area includes rotating ( 1695 ) the object connected with the touch area about a point in an area that overlaps the touch area and the object connected with the touch area (e.g., about the centroid of the area that overlaps the touch area and the object connected with the touch area). 
     In some embodiments, moving the object connected with the touch area in accordance with the determined movement of the touch area includes simultaneously translating and rotating ( 1696 ) the object connected with the touch area in accordance with the determined movement of the touch area. For example, in  FIG. 8C , the graphics module  132  simultaneously translates and rotates  818  connected object  510 - 10  from position a (where object  510 - 10  is denoted object  510 - 10 - a ) to position b (where object  510 - 10  is denoted  510 - 10 - b ), in accordance with the determined movement  816  of the touch area  525 - 16  from  525 - 16 - a  to  525 - 16 - b . In  FIG. 8C , object  510 - 10  will appear to be connected to the user&#39;s finger  540  during the simultaneous translation and rotation. 
     In some embodiments, moving the object connected with the touch area in accordance with the determined movement of the touch area includes moving ( 1697 ) the object in accordance with a simulation of an equation of motion having friction. For example, the object may be flung across the touch screen, bounce off a screen edge or another object, and gradually come to rest when the finger contact that corresponds to the touch area breaks contact with the touch screen. 
     In some embodiments, the object connected with the touch area includes a rigid body mesh (e.g.,  FIGS. 9A and 9B ) and moving the object connected with the touch area in accordance with the determined movement of the touch area includes moving ( 1698 ) the object connected with the touch area in accordance with a rigid body simulation (e.g.  FIGS. 11A-11C ). In some embodiments, the rigidity of the mesh may be adjusted by a user. 
     In some embodiments, the object connected with the touch area simulates a three-dimensional object and moving the object connected with the touch area in accordance with the determined movement of the touch area includes moving ( 1699 ,  FIG. 16G ) the object connected with the touch area in accordance with a three-dimensional simulation. For example, the graphics module  132  may simulate translation and/or rotation of the three-dimensional object out of the plane of the touch screen display. 
     In some embodiments, while detecting movement of the single finger contact  520  on the touch screen display, the device detects intersection of the touch area  525  and/or the object  510  connected with the touch area with an unconnected object  600  in the plurality of objects on the touch screen display. In contrast to a “connected” object  510 , an “unconnected” object  600  does not at least partially overlap with a touch area  525  that corresponds to a finger contact  520  when the finger initially makes contact with the touch screen display  505 . Thus, the movement of an unconnected object  600  is not coordinated with the movement of the touch area  525  so as to maintain overlap of the unconnected object and the touch area. Instead, as described below with respect to  FIGS. 12A-12C , an unconnected object  600  moves away from a touch area  525  when the touch area intersects the unconnected object  600 . Similarly, as described below with respect to  FIGS. 10A-10C  and  11 A- 11 C, an unconnected object  600  moves away from a connected object  510  (moving in concert with the touch area  525 ) when the connected object  510  intersects the unconnected object  600 . 
     In response to detecting intersection of the touch area  525  and/or the object  510  connected with the touch area with the unconnected object  600 , the device moves ( 1636 ,  FIG. 16C ) the unconnected object such that the unconnected object ceases to intersect the touch area and/or the object connected with the touch area. 
     For example, in  FIG. 12A , the contact/motion module  130  detects movement  1202  of the single finger contact on the touch screen display. In  FIG. 12B , the contact/motion module  130  detects intersection  1204  of touch area  525 - 19 - b  with an unconnected object  600 - 13 - b  in a plurality of objects ( 600 - 13  and  600 - 15 ) on the touch screen display  505 . In  FIG. 12C , in response to detecting the intersection  1204 , the graphics module  132  in conjunction with the contact/motion module  130  moves the unconnected object  600 - 13 - c  such that the unconnected object ceases to intersect the touch area  525 - 19 - c.    
     As another example, in  FIG. 10A , the contact/motion module  130  detects movement  1002  of the single finger contact on the touch screen display (which results in corresponding movement  1004  of object  510 - 11 , which is connected to touch area  525 - 17 - a ). In  FIG. 10B , the graphics module  132  in conjunction with the contact/motion module  130  detects intersection  1006  of connected object  510 - 11 - b  with an unconnected object  600 - 10 - b  in a plurality of objects ( 600 - 10  and  600 - 11 ) on the touch screen display  505 . In  FIG. 10C , in response to detecting the intersection  1006 , the graphics module  132  in conjunction with the contact/motion module  130  moves the unconnected object  600 - 10 - c  such that the unconnected object ceases to intersect the connected object  510 - 11 - c.    
     In some embodiments, moving the unconnected object  600  such that the unconnected object ceases to intersect the touch area  525  and/or the object  510  connected with the touch area includes translating ( 1638 ) the unconnected object. For example, unconnected object  600 - 13 - c  is translated  1206  in  FIG. 12C  and unconnected object  600 - 10 - c  is translated  1008  in  FIG. 10C . 
     In some embodiments, moving the unconnected object such that the unconnected object ceases to intersect the touch area and/or the object connected with the touch area includes rotating ( 1640 ) the unconnected object. For example, unconnected object  600 - 10 - c  is rotated  1010  in  FIG. 10C . 
     In some embodiments, moving the unconnected object such that the unconnected object ceases to intersect the touch area and/or the object connected with the touch area includes simultaneously translating and rotating ( 1642 ) the unconnected object. For example, unconnected object  600 - 10 - c  is simultaneously translated  1008  and rotated  1010  in  FIG. 10C . 
     In some embodiments, moving the unconnected object such that the unconnected object ceases to intersect the touch area and/or the object connected with the touch area includes moving unconnected the object in accordance with a simulation of an equation of motion having friction ( 1644 ). For example, the unconnected object may recoil from the intersection (a virtual collision) like a physical object, move across the touch screen, bounce off a screen edge or another object, and gradually come to rest in response to the intersection  1006 . 
     In some embodiments, the unconnected object includes a rigid body mesh and moving the unconnected object such that the unconnected object ceases to intersect the touch area and/or the object connected with the touch area includes moving the unconnected object in accordance with a rigid body simulation ( 1646 ). In some embodiments, the rigidity of the mesh may be adjusted by a user. 
     For example, in  FIGS. 11A-11C , both connected object  1104  and unconnected object  1102  include a rigid body mesh. These meshes are shown in  FIGS. 11A-11C , but are typically not directly seen on touch screen display  505 . In  FIG. 11A , the contact/motion module  130  detects movement  1120  of the single finger contact on the touch screen display (which results in corresponding movement  1122  of object  1104 - a , which is connected to touch area  525 - 18 - a ). In  FIG. 11B , the graphics module  132  in conjunction with the contact/motion module  130  detects intersection of connected object  1104 - b  with an unconnected object  1102 - b  in a plurality of objects on the touch screen display  505 . As part of a rigid body simulation of the intersection (collision), object  1104 - b  is momentarily compressed  1126  and object  1102 - b  is momentarily compressed  1128  in  FIG. 11B . In  FIG. 11C , in response to detecting the intersection, the graphics module  132  in conjunction with the contact/motion module  130  moves the unconnected object  1102 - c  such that the unconnected object ceases to intersect the connected object  1104 - c . As part of the rigid body simulation, object  1104 - c  expands  1136  back to its original shape and object  1102 - c  expands  1134  back to its original shape, as shown in  FIG. 11C . 
     In some embodiments, the unconnected object simulates a three-dimensional object and moving the unconnected object such that the unconnected object ceases to intersect the touch area and/or the object connected with the touch area includes moving the unconnected object in accordance with a three-dimensional simulation ( 1648 ). For example, the graphics module  132  may simulate translation and/or rotation of the three-dimensional unconnected object out of the plane of the touch screen display. 
     In some embodiments, the device determines that the touch area  525  ceases to overlap with the connected object  510 . In some embodiments, the touch area ceases to overlap with the connected object because of a decrease in the size of the touch area (e.g., a stationary touch area reduces in size). In some embodiments, the touch area overlap ceases because the corresponding finger contact  520  with the touch screen display ceases, thereby eliminating the touch area. In response to determining that the touch area ceases to overlap with the connected object, the device disconnects ( 1650 ) the touch area from the connected object. 
     Note that details of the processes described above with respect to method  1600  (e.g.,  FIGS. 16D-16G ) are also applicable in an analogous manner to methods  1700 ,  1800 ,  1900 ,  2000 , and  2200  described below. For brevity, these details are not repeated below. 
       FIG. 17  is a flow diagram illustrating a method of moving an on-screen object with a single finger in accordance with some embodiments. The method  1700  is performed at a computing device  300  with a touch screen display. In some embodiments, the method is performed at a portable multifunction device with a touch screen display (e.g., portable multifunction device  100 ). As described below, the method  1700  provides an intuitive interface for direct finger manipulation of on-screen objects with a single finger, without using a cursor to move the objects. 
     The device displays ( 1702 ) a plurality of objects on the touch screen display (e.g., objects  600 - 2 ,  600 - 3 , and  510 - 7 ,  FIG. 8A ). 
     The device detects ( 1704 ) a single finger contact on the touch screen display (e.g., contact  520 - 1 ,  FIGS. 5A and 5B ). 
     The device creates ( 1706 ) a touch area that corresponds to the single finger contact on the touch screen display (e.g., touch area  525 - 1  that corresponds to single finger contact  520 - 1 ,  FIGS. 5A and 5B ). The touch area includes a perimeter (e.g., perimeter  550 - 2 ,  FIG. 5C ). 
     The device determines ( 1708 ) a representative point within the touch area (e.g., point  530 - 9 - a  when the finger  540 - 2 - a  makes contact with the touch screen  505  at position a,  FIG. 8A ). 
     For an object in the plurality of objects displayed on the touch screen display, the device: determines if the representative point  530  of the touch area  525  overlaps the object; determines if the perimeter  550  of the touch area overlaps the object; and determines if a portion  610  of the touch area between the representative point of the touch area and the perimeter of the touch area overlaps the object ( 1710 ). 
     The device connects ( 1712 ) the object with the touch area if the touch area is determined to overlap the object (e.g., in  FIG. 8A , object  510 - 7  is connected with touch area  525 - 13 ). Connecting the object with the touch area maintains the overlap of the object and the touch area. 
     In some embodiments, creating ( 1706 ) the touch area  525 , determining ( 1708 ) the representative point  530 , determining ( 1710 ) if the touch area  525  overlaps the object, and connecting ( 1712 ) the object with the touch area are all done in response to detecting ( 1704 ) the single finger contact on the touch screen display. 
     After connecting the object with the touch area, the device detects ( 1714 ) movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display (e.g., from position a to position b in  FIG. 8A ). 
     The device determines ( 1716 ) movement of the touch area that corresponds to movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display (e.g., movement  804  of the touch area  525 - 13  from position a to position b,  FIG. 8A ). 
     The device moves ( 1718 ) the object connected with the touch area in accordance with the determined movement of the touch area (e.g., move  806  connected object  510 - 7  from position a to position b,  FIG. 8A ). By using direct finger manipulation, the object is moved in accordance with the determined movement of the touch area without using a cursor ( 1720 ). 
       FIG. 18  is a flow diagram illustrating a method of rotating an on-screen object with a single finger in accordance with some embodiments. The method  1800  is performed at a computing device  300  with a touch screen display. In some embodiments, the method is performed at a portable multifunction device with a touch screen display (e.g., portable multifunction device  100 ). As described below, the method  1800  provides an intuitive interface for rotating on-screen objects with a single finger, without using a cursor to rotate the objects. 
     The device displays ( 1802 ) a plurality of objects on the touch screen display (e.g., objects  600 - 2 ,  600 - 3 , and  510 - 8 ,  FIG. 8B ). 
     The device detects ( 1804 ) a single finger contact on the touch screen display (e.g., contact  520 - 1 ,  FIGS. 5A and 5B ). 
     The device creates ( 1806 ) a touch area that corresponds to the single finger contact on the touch screen display (e.g., touch area  525 - 1  that corresponds to single finger contact  520 - 1 ,  FIGS. 5A and 5B ). 
     The device determines ( 1808 ) if the touch area (e.g., touch area  525 - 14 - a ,  FIG. 8B ) overlaps an object (e.g., object  510 - 8 - a ,  FIG. 8B ) in the plurality of objects displayed on the touch screen display. 
     The device connects ( 1810 ) the object with the touch area if the touch area is determined to overlap the object (e.g., in  FIG. 8B , object  510 - 8  is connected with touch area  525 - 14 ). 
     In some embodiments, creating ( 1806 ) the touch area  525 , determining ( 1808 ) if the touch area  525  overlaps the object, and connecting ( 1810 ) the object with the touch area are all done in response to detecting ( 1804 ) the single finger contact on the touch screen display. 
     After connecting the object with the touch area, the device detects ( 1812 ) rotation of the single finger contact on the touch screen display (e.g., from position a to position b in  FIG. 8B ). 
     The device determines ( 1814 ) rotation of the touch area that corresponds to rotation of the single finger contact on the touch screen display (e.g., rotation  808  of the touch area  525 - 14  from position a to position b,  FIG. 8B ). 
     The device rotates ( 1816 ) the object connected with the touch area in accordance with the determined rotation of the touch area (e.g., rotate  810  connected object  510 - 8  from position a to position b,  FIG. 8B ). By using direct finger manipulation, the object is rotated in accordance with the determined movement of the touch area without using a cursor ( 1818 ). 
       FIG. 19  is a flow diagram illustrating a method of moving an on-screen object with a single finger in accordance with some embodiments. The method  1900  is performed at a computing device  300  with a touch screen display. In some embodiments, the method is performed at a portable multifunction device with a touch screen display (e.g., portable multifunction device  100 ). As described below, the method  1900  provides an intuitive interface for nudging and otherwise moving on-screen objects with a single finger via direct finger manipulation, without using a cursor to move the objects. 
     The device displays ( 1902 ) a plurality of objects on the touch screen display (e.g., objects  600 - 13  and  600 - 15 ,  FIG. 12A ). 
     The device detects ( 1904 ) a single finger contact on the touch screen display (e.g., contact  520 - 1 ,  FIGS. 5A and 5B ). 
     The device creates ( 1906 ) a touch area that corresponds to the single finger contact on the touch screen display (e.g., touch area  525 - 1  that corresponds to single finger contact  520 - 1 ,  FIGS. 5A and 5B ). In some embodiments, creating ( 1906 ) the touch area  525  is done in response to detecting ( 1706 ) the single finger contact on the touch screen display. 
     The device detects ( 1908 ) movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display (e.g., from position a in  FIG. 12A  to position b in  FIG. 12B ). 
     The device determines ( 1910 ) movement  1202  ( FIG. 12A ) of the touch area that corresponds to movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display. 
     While detecting movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display, the device detects ( 1912 ) intersection  1204  ( FIG. 12B ) of the touch area (e.g., touch area  525 - 19 - b ,  FIG. 12B ) with an object (e.g., object  600 - 13 - b ,  FIG. 12B ) in the plurality of objects on the touch screen display. 
     In response to detecting intersection of the touch area with the object, the device moves ( 1914 ) the object such that the object ceases to intersect the touch area. For example, in response to detecting intersection  1204  ( FIG. 12B ) of the touch area  525 - 19 - b  with the object  600 - 13 - b , the device moves ( 1206 ) the object such that the object  600 - 13 - c  ceases to intersect the touch area  525 - 19 - c  ( FIG. 12C ). By using direct finger manipulation, the object is moved without using a cursor ( 1916 ). 
       FIG. 20  is a flow diagram illustrating a method of moving a plurality of on-screen objects with a single finger in accordance with some embodiments. The method  2000  is performed at a computing device  300  with a touch screen display. In some embodiments, the method is performed at a portable multifunction device with a touch screen display (e.g., portable multifunction device  100 ). As described below, the method  2000  provides an intuitive interface for direct finger manipulation of multiple on-screen objects with a single finger, without using a cursor to move the objects. 
     The device detects ( 2002 ) a single finger contact on the touch screen display (e.g., contact  520 - 1 ,  FIGS. 5A and 5B ). 
     The device creates ( 2004 ) a touch area that corresponds to the single finger contact on the touch screen display (e.g., touch area  525 - 1  that corresponds to single finger contact  520 - 1 ,  FIGS. 5A and 5B ). The touch area includes a perimeter (e.g., perimeter  550 - 2 ,  FIG. 5C ). 
     The device determines ( 2006 ) if the touch area (e.g., touch area  525 - 20 - a ,  FIG. 13A ; touch area  525 - 21 - a ,  FIG. 13B ; or touch area  525 - 22 - a ,  FIG. 13C ) overlaps with a plurality of objects (e.g., objects  510 - 15 - a  and  510 - 16 - a ,  FIG. 13A ; objects  510 - 17 - a  and  510 - 18 - a ,  FIG. 13B ; or objects  510 - 19 - a  and  510 - 20 - a ,  FIG. 13C , respectively) displayed on the touch screen display. 
     In some embodiments, the device determines a representative point (e.g., point  530 - 21 ,  FIG. 13A ; point  530 - 22 ,  FIG. 13B ; or point  530 - 23 ,  FIG. 13C , respectively) within the touch area and determines ( 2008 ) if one or more portions of the touch area other than the representative point overlap the plurality of objects. 
     The device connects ( 2010 ) the plurality of objects with the touch area if each object in the plurality of objects is determined to overlap the touch area (e.g., in  FIG. 13A , objects  510 - 15  and  510 - 16  are connected with touch area  525 - 20 ; in  FIG. 13B , objects  510 - 17  and  510 - 18  are connected with touch area  525 - 21 ; and, in  FIG. 13C , objects  510 - 19  and  510 - 20  are connected with touch area  525 - 22 , respectively). Connecting the plurality of objects with the touch area maintains the overlap between the touch area and each object in the plurality of objects. 
     In some embodiments, creating ( 2004 ) the touch area  525 , determining ( 2008 ) the representative point  530 , determining ( 2006 ) if the touch area  525  overlaps the plurality of objects, and connecting ( 1626 ) the objects with the touch area are all done in response to detecting ( 2002 ) the single finger contact on the touch screen display. 
     After connecting the plurality of objects with the touch area, the device detects ( 2012 ) movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display (e.g., from position a to position b in  FIG. 13A ; from position a to position b in  FIG. 13B ; or from position a to position b in  FIG. 13C ). 
     The device determines ( 2014 ) movement of the touch area that corresponds to movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display (e.g., movement  1302  of the touch area  525 - 20  from position a to position b,  FIG. 13A ; movement  1306  of the touch area  525 - 21  from position a to position b,  FIG. 13B ; or movement  1310  of the touch area  525 - 22  from position a to position b,  FIG. 13C , respectively). 
     The device moves ( 2016 ) the plurality of objects connected with the touch area in accordance with the determined movement of the touch area (e.g., translate  1304  connected objects  510 - 15  and  510 - 16  from position a to position b,  FIG. 13A ; rotate  1308  connected objects  510 - 17  and  510 - 18  from position a to position b,  FIG. 13B ; or simultaneously translate and rotate  1312  connected objects  510 - 19  and  510 - 20  from position a to position b,  FIG. 13C , respectively). By using direct finger manipulation, the plurality of objects are moved in accordance with the determined movement of the touch area without using a cursor ( 2017 ). 
     In some embodiments, while detecting movement of the single finger contact on the touch screen display, the device detects intersection of the touch area and/or the plurality of objects connected with the touch area with an unconnected object on the touch screen display. In response to detecting intersection of the touch area and/or the plurality of objects connected with the touch area with the unconnected object, the device moves ( 2018 ) the unconnected object such that the unconnected object ceases to intersect the touch area and/or the plurality of objects connected with the touch area. 
     In some embodiments, the device determines that the touch area ceases to overlap with an object in the plurality of objects connected with the touch area. In response to determining that the touch area ceases to overlap with the object, the device disconnects ( 2020 ) the touch area from the object. 
       FIGS. 21A-21B  are flow diagrams illustrating a method of simultaneously moving multiple on-screen objects with multiple fingers in accordance with some embodiments. The method  2100  is performed at a computing device  300  with a touch screen display. In some embodiments, the method is performed at a portable multifunction device with a touch screen display (e.g., portable multifunction device  100 ). As described below, the method  2100  provides an intuitive interface for direct finger manipulation of multiple on-screen objects with multiple fingers, without using a cursor to move the objects. 
     The device displays ( 2102 ) a plurality of objects on the touch screen display (e.g., objects  510 - 21 ,  510 - 22 ,  600 - 20  and  600 - 21 ,  FIG. 13D ). 
     The device simultaneously detects ( 2104 ) a plurality of finger contacts on the touch screen display (e.g., contacts by fingers  540 - 10 - a  and  540 - 11 - a  in  FIG. 13D , with each contact analogous to contact  520 - 1  in  FIGS. 5A and 5B ). 
     For each respective finger contact in the plurality of detected finger contacts, the device: creates a respective touch area that corresponds to the respective finger contact on the touch screen display (e.g., touch area  525 - 23 - a  for the contact by finger  540 - 10 - a  and touch area  525 - 24 - a  for the contact by finger  540 - 11 - a  in  FIG. 13D ), wherein the respective touch area includes a perimeter; determines a respective representative point within the respective touch area (e.g., point  530 - 24  in touch area  525 - 23 - a  and point  530 - 25  in touch area  525 - 24 - a  in  FIG. 13D ); and determines if the respective touch area overlaps a respective object in the plurality of objects displayed on the touch screen display ( 2106 ). Determining if the respective touch area overlaps the respective object includes determining if one or more portions of the respective touch area other than the respective representative point (e.g., points  530 - 24  and  530 - 25 ) overlap the respective object. 
     The device connects ( 2108 ) the respective object with the respective touch area if the respective object is determined to overlap the respective touch area (e.g., in  FIG. 13D , object  510 - 22  is connected with touch area  525 - 23  and object  510 - 21  is connected with touch area  525 - 24 ). Connecting the respective object with the respective touch area maintains the overlap of the respective object and the respective touch area. 
     In some embodiments, creating ( 2106 ) a respective touch area  525 , determining a respective representative point  530 , determining if the touch area  525  overlaps a respective object, and connecting ( 2108 ) the respective object with the respective touch area are all done in response to detecting ( 2104 ) the respective finger contact on the touch screen display. 
     After connecting the respective object with the respective touch area, the device detects ( 2110 ) movement of the respective finger contact on the touch screen display (e.g., from respective position a to respective position b in  FIG. 13D ). 
     The device determines ( 2112 ) movement of the respective touch area that corresponds to movement of the respective finger contact on the touch screen display (e.g., movement  1314  of the touch area  525 - 24  from position a to position b,  FIG. 13D , and movement  1316  of the touch area  525 - 23  from position a to position b,  FIG. 13D ). 
     The device moves ( 2114 ) the respective object connected with the respective touch area in accordance with the determined movement of the respective touch area (e.g., simultaneously translate and rotate  1318  connected object  510 - 21  from position a to position b,  FIG. 13D  and simultaneously translate and rotate  1320  connected object  510 - 22  from position a to position b,  FIG. 13D ). By using direct finger manipulation, the respective object is moved in accordance with the determined movement of the respective touch area without using a cursor ( 2115 ). 
     In some embodiments, for a respective finger contact in the plurality of detected finger contacts: while detecting movement of the respective finger contact on the touch screen display, the device detects intersection of the respective touch area and/or the respective object connected with the respective touch area with a respective unconnected object in the plurality of objects on the touch screen display. In response to detecting intersection of the respective touch area and/or the respective object connected with the touch area with the respective unconnected object, the device moves ( 2116 ) the respective unconnected object such that the respective unconnected object ceases to intersect the respective touch area and/or the respective object connected with the respective touch area. 
     In some embodiments, for a respective finger contact in the plurality of detected finger contacts: the device determines that the respective touch area ceases to overlap with the respective connected object. In response to determining that the respective touch area ceases to overlap with the respective connected object, the device disconnects ( 2118 ) the respective touch area from the respective connected object. 
       FIG. 22  is a flow diagram illustrating a method of moving an object with a hand edge contact in accordance with some embodiments. The method  2200  is performed at a computing device  300  with a touch screen display. In some embodiments, the method is performed at a portable multifunction device with a touch screen display (e.g., portable multifunction device  100 ). As described below, the method  2200  provides an intuitive interface for direct manipulation of on-screen objects with a hand edge, without using a cursor to move the object. 
     The device displays ( 2202 ) a plurality of objects on the touch screen display (e.g., objects  600 - 24 - 600 - 28 ,  FIG. 14A ). 
     The device detects ( 2204 ) a hand edge contact on the touch screen display. The hand edge contact comprises a pinky finger edge contact and a palm edge contact. 
     The device creates ( 2206 ) a touch area that corresponds to the hand edge contact on the touch screen display. For example, in  FIG. 14A , touch area  1402 - a  includes touch area  1404 - 1 - a  that corresponds to a first portion of the pinky finger edge contact, touch area  1404 - 2 - a  that corresponds to a second portion of the pinky finger edge contact, and touch area  1406 - a  that corresponds to the palm edge contact. In some embodiments, creating ( 2206 ) the touch area  1402  is done in response to detecting ( 2204 ) the hand edge contact on the touch screen display. 
     The device detects ( 2208 ) movement of the hand edge contact on the touch screen display. 
     The device determines ( 2210 ) movement of the touch area that corresponds to movement of the hand edge contact on the touch screen display (e.g., movements  1408 ,  1410 , and  1412  of the component touch areas in touch area  1402 ,  FIG. 14A ). 
     While detecting movement of the hand edge contact on the touch screen display, the device detects ( 2212 ) intersection of the touch area with an object in the plurality of objects on the touch screen display (e.g., intersection  1414  with object  600 - 26 - b , intersection  1416  with object  600 - 27 - b , and intersection  1418  with object  600 - 27 - b ,  FIG. 14B ). 
     In response to detecting intersection of the touch area with the object, the device moves ( 2214 ) the object such that the object ceases to intersect the touch area. For example, in response to detecting intersection  1414  ( FIG. 14B ) of the touch area  1404 - 1 - b  with the object  600 - 26 - b , the device moves ( 1420 ) the object such that the object  600 - 26 - c  ceases to intersect the touch area  1404 - 1 - c  ( FIG. 14C ). Similarly, in response to detecting intersection  1416  ( FIG. 14B ) of the touch area  1404 - 2 - b  with the object  600 - 27 - b , the device moves ( 1422 ) the object such that the object  600 - 27 - c  ceases to intersect the touch area  1404 - 2 - c  ( FIG. 14C ). Similarly, in response to detecting intersection  1418  ( FIG. 14B ) of the touch area  1406 - b  with the object  600 - 28 - b , the device moves ( 1424 ) the object such that the object  600 - 28 - c  ceases to intersect the touch area  1406 - c  ( FIG. 14C ). By using direct manipulation, the object is moved without using a cursor ( 2216 ). 
     The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20080930
Publication Date: 20121009
Grant Date: 20121009
Priority Date: 20080930
Inventors: BERNSTEIN JEFFREY TRAER
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G06F3/04842", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04842", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04817", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04808", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0488", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0486", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0482", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04808", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0488", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 41719039