PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-12130495-B1
Application Number: US-202217722114-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B1

Title: Flangeless optical assembly for receiving glue dispense

Abstract:
Various embodiments include an engaging arrangement that may be used to attach a lens barrel to a lens carrier of a camera. In some embodiments, the engaging arrangement may restrict movement of the lens barrel relative to the lens carrier along at least an optical axis. In various examples, the engaging arrangement may include one or more grooves and one or more protrusions. For instance, a groove may be defined by the lens barrel or the lens carrier, and a protrusion may extend from the lens barrel or the lens carrier to at least partially into the groove. In some cases, the engaging arrangement may include an adhesive positioned continuously 360 degrees around the engaging arrangement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A device, comprising:
 a lens barrel to hold one or more lens elements that define an optical axis, wherein the lens barrel is configured to permit positioning of an adhesive around a continuous opening between the lens barrel and a lens carrier; 
 the lens carrier, wherein the lens carrier attaches to the lens barrel at least partially via an engaging arrangement; and 
 the adhesive, wherein the adhesive is positioned continuously around the continuous opening at the engaging arrangement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier, 
 wherein the engaging arrangement prevents movement of the lens barrel relative to the lens carrier along at least one direction of the optical axis and includes:
 a groove, defined by the lens barrel or the lens carrier, that extends around an entire circumference of the engaging arrangement within a plane orthogonal to the optical axis, and 
 a protrusion that extends from the lens barrel or the lens carrier and at least partially into the groove. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The device of  claim 1 , wherein the groove forms a seat on the lens barrel or the lens carrier, wherein the protrusion forms a surface that rests against the adhesive on the seat, and wherein the seat and the surface are positioned at an angle that is not perpendicular to the optical axis. 
     
     
       3. The device of  claim 1 , wherein the engaging arrangement further includes:
 a circumferential opening at a proximal end of the engaging arrangement between the lens barrel and lens carrier for positioning the adhesive continuously around the inner opening of the lens carrier at the engaging arrangement, wherein the circumferential opening is perpendicular to the optical axis. 
 
     
     
       4. The device of  claim 3 , wherein at least one chamfer on the lens carrier and at least one chamfer on the lens barrel forms the circumferential opening. 
     
     
       5. The device of  claim 3 , wherein the circumferential opening leads to a circumferential channel between the lens barrel and the lens carrier that is sized such that, when the adhesive is positioned continuously around the inner opening of the lens carrier, the adhesive traverses the circumferential channel to at least partially fill the circumferential channel at the engaging arrangement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. 
     
     
       6. The device of  claim 1 , wherein compression of the adhesive in a direction that is parallel to the optical axis and between at least the groove and the protrusion inhibits delamination of the adhesive. 
     
     
       7. The device of  claim 1 , wherein the adhesive includes:
 at least a first portion that is in compression between the lens barrel and the lens carrier when force is applied to the lens barrel in a first direction that is parallel to the optical axis; and 
 at least a second portion that is in compression between the lens barreland the lens carrier when force is applied to the lens barrel in a second direction that is opposite the first direction. 
 
     
     
       8. The device of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the groove is a first groove; 
 the protrusion is a first protrusion; 
 the engaging arrangement further comprises:
 a second groove defined by the lens barrel or the lens carrier, wherein the second groove is opposite the first groove with respect to the lens barrel; and 
 a second protrusion that extends from the lens barrel or the lens carrier to at least partially into the second groove, wherein the second protrusion is opposite the first protrusion with respect to the lens barrel. 
 
 
     
     
       9. The device of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the device is a mobile multifunction device; and 
 the device further comprises:
 a display; 
 a camera module, including:
 the lens barrel; 
 the lens carrier having an autofocus (AF) coil; 
 the engaging arrangement; 
 an image sensor configured to capture light passing through the one or more lens elements and covert the captured light into image signals; and 
 a lens actuator to move the lens carrier relative to the image sensor; and 
 
 one or more processors to:
 cause the lens actuator to move the lens carrier relative to the image sensor; and 
 cause the display to present an image based at least in part on one or more of the image signals from the image sensor. 
 
 
 
     
     
       10. A camera module, comprising:
 one or more lens elements that define an optical axis; 
 a lens barrel that holds the one or more lenses, wherein the lens barrel is configured to permit positioning of an adhesive around a continuous opening between the lens barrel and a lens carrier; 
 the lens carrier; 
 an engaging arrangement to attach the lens barrel to the lens carrier; and 
 the adhesive, wherein the adhesive is uniformly dispensed around an opening between the lens barrel and the lens carrier, 
 wherein the engaging arrangement restricts movement of the lens barrel relative to the lens carrier along at least one direction of the optical axis and includes:
 a groove, defined by the lens barrel or the lens carrier, that extends around an entire circumference of the engaging arrangement within a plane orthogonal to the optical axis, and 
 a protrusion that extends from the lens barrel or the lens carrier and at least partially into the groove. 
 
 
     
     
       11. The camera module of  claim 10 , wherein the groove forms a seat on the lens barrel or the lens carrier, wherein the protrusion forms a surface that rests on the seat, and wherein the seat and the surface are positioned at an angle that is not perpendicular to the optical axis. 
     
     
       12. The camera module of  claim 10 , wherein the engaging arrangement further includes:
 a circumferential opening at a proximal end of the engaging arrangement between the lens barrel and lens carrier for uniformly dispensing the adhesive around the inner opening of the lens carrier at the engaging arrangement, wherein the circumferential opening is perpendicular to the optical axis. 
 
     
     
       13. The camera module of  claim 12 , wherein at least one chamfer on the lens carrier and at least one chamfer on the lens barrel forms the circumferential opening. 
     
     
       14. The camera module of  claim 12 , wherein the circumferential opening leads to a circumferential channel between the lens barrel and the lens carrier that is sized such that, when the adhesive is uniformly dispensed around the inner opening of the lens carrier, the adhesive traverses the circumferential channel to at least partially fills the circumferential channel at the engaging arrangement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. 
     
     
       15. The camera module of  claim 10 , wherein compression of the adhesive in a direction that is parallel to the optical axis and between at least the groove and the protrusion inhibits delamination of the adhesive. 
     
     
       16. The camera module of  claim 10 , wherein the adhesive includes:
 at least a first portion that is in compression between the lens barrel and the lens carrier when force is applied to the lens barrel in a first direction that is parallel to the optical axis; and 
 at least a second portion that is in compression between the lens barrel and the lens carrier when force is applied to the lens barrel in a second direction that is opposite the first direction. 
 
     
     
       17. The camera module of  claim 10 , wherein:
 the groove is a first groove; 
 the protrusion is a first protrusion; 
 the engaging arrangement further comprises:
 a second groove defined by the lens barrel or the lens carrier, wherein the second groove is opposite the first groove with respect to the lens barrel; and 
 a second protrusion that extends from the lens barrel or the lens carrier to at least partially into the second groove, wherein the second protrusion is opposite the first protrusion with respect to the lens barrel. 
 
 
     
     
       18. A method of assembling a camera module having an engaging arrangement,
 the method comprising: 
 inserting a lens barrel at least partially into a lens carrier such that a protrusion of the engaging arrangement extends from the lens barrel or the lens carrier and at least partially into a first portion of a groove of the engaging arrangement, wherein the lens barrel is configured to permit positioning of an adhesive around a continuous opening between the lens barrel and lens carrier, wherein the engaging arrangement restricts movement of the lens barrel relative to the lens carrier along at least one direction of an optical axis defined by one or more lens elements held by the lens barrel, and wherein the groove is defined by the lens barrel or the lens carrier and extends around an entire circumference of the engaging arrangement within a plane orthogonal to the optical axis; 
 positioning the adhesive continuously around the continuous opening between the lens barrel and the lens carrier; and 
 rotating the lens barrel about the optical axis defined by the one or more lens elements held by the lens barrel. 
 
     
     
       19. The method of  claim 18 , wherein rotating the lens barrel about the optical axis defined by the one or more lens elements held by the lens barrel comprises rotating the lens barrel about the optical axis defined by the one or more lens elements held by the lens barrel such that the protrusion extends at least partially into a second portion of the groove. 
     
     
       20. The method of  claim 18 , wherein the adhesive is positioned continuously around the inner opening of the lens carrier at the engaging arrangement before the lens barrel is at least partially inserted into the lens carrier such that the protrusion of the engaging arrangement extends from the lens barrel or the lens carrier and at least partially into the first portion of the groove of the engaging arrangement.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     Technical Field 
     This disclosure relates generally to an engaging arrangement for attaching a lens barrel to a lens carrier of an optical assembly of a camera. 
     Description of the Related Art 
     The advent of small, mobile multipurpose devices such as smartphones and tablet or pad devices has resulted in a need for high-resolution, small form factor cameras for integration in the devices. Some small form factor cameras may include a lens barrel that is threaded so that it can be fastened to another camera component. Furthermore, some small form factor cameras may include a lens barrel that is bonded to another camera component using an adhesive. In some such designs, the bond between the lens barrel and the other camera component may be fragile due to the adhesive being primarily in tension and/or shear under certain circumstances (e.g., a drop event), and therefore the lens barrel may tend to detach from the other camera component. 
     Some small form factor cameras may incorporate optical image stabilization (OIS) mechanisms that may sense and react to external excitation/disturbance by adjusting location of the optical lens on the X and/or Y axis in an attempt to compensate for unwanted motion of the lens. Some small form factor cameras may incorporate an autofocus (AF) mechanism whereby the object focal distance can be adjusted to focus an object plane in front of the camera at an image plane to be captured by the image sensor. In some such autofocus mechanisms, the optical lens is moved as a single rigid body along the optical axis (referred to as the Z axis) of the camera to refocus the camera. 
     In some aspects, once the image sensor is attached to a camera module, the image sensor becomes a static component. During attachment of the lens, the lens may be aligned with the image sensor for a sharper image. In some aspects, both the lens and the image sensor may tilt and have compliance in the Z axis adding to the complexity of aligning the optical axes to maintain sharp focus. 
     SUMMARY OF EMBODIMENTS 
     Some embodiments include a device. The device may include an optical assembly having a lens barrel and a lens carrier. The lens barrel may hold one or more lens elements that define an optical axis. The lens carrier may be attached to the lens barrel at least partially via an engaging arrangement. In some aspects, the engaging arrangement may include at least one of a coupling arrangement or a contacting arrangement. In some instances, the engaging arrangement may restrict movement of the lens barrel relative to the lens carrier in at least one direction along the optical axis. 
     According to some examples, the engaging arrangement may include a groove and a protrusion. The groove may be defined by the lens barrel or the lens carrier. The protrusion may extend from the lens barrel or the lens carrier and at least partially into the groove. Furthermore, the device may include an adhesive. The adhesive may be dispensed within the engaging arrangement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. For example, the device may include a gap extending 360 degrees around the optical axis and between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. The adhesive may be dispensed or positioned into the gap continuously along the entire length of the gap (e.g., 360 degrees around the optical axis) and within the engaging arrangement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. Dispensing or positioning the adhesive into the gap along an entire length of the gap within the engaging arrangement may provide even distribution of the adhesive around the engaging arrangement thereby reducing the risk of delamination and reducing the risk that the lens barrel may tilt within the lens carrier. 
     In some embodiments, the gap may include chamfers defined by the lens barrel and/or the lens carrier. The chamfers may be positioned at an inlet of the gap and provide an extended distance across the gap for the adhesive to be introduced into the gap within the engaging arrangement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. According to some embodiments, the engaging arrangement may be configured such that, when the adhesive is introduced into the gap, the adhesive travels to at least partially fill the gap within the engaging arrangement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. 
     In some examples, the engaging arrangement may include an coupling arrangement. For example, the coupling arrangement may include an upper protrusion and one or more lower protrusions spaced vertically (Z-axis) by a groove. The coupling arrangement may also include one or more coupling protrusions. The one or more coupling protrusions may be configured to extend into the groove between the upper protrusion and at least one lower protrusion of the one or more the lower protrusions, respectively. The coupling arrangement may restrict movement of the lens barrel relative to the lens carrier in at least one or more directions along the optical axis. For example, the coupling arrangement may restrict movement in the positive vertical direction and/or restrict movement in the negative vertical direction. When an adhesive is dispensed or positioned 360 degrees around the groove within the coupling arrangement, compression in the positive vertical direction on the adhesive between the one or more coupling protrusions and the one or more lower protrusions may reduce the risk of delamination and reduce the risk that the lens barrel may tilt within the lens carrier. 
     Additionally, or alternatively, when an adhesive is dispensed or positioned continuously 360 degrees around the groove within the coupling arrangement, compression in the negative vertical direction on the adhesive between the one or more coupling protrusions and the upper protrusion may reduce the risk of delamination and reduce the risk that the lens barrel may tilt within the lens carrier. The coupling arrangement may restrict movement of the lens barrel relative to the lens carrier in at least one direction along the optical axis. For example, the coupling arrangement may restrict movement of the lens barrel in the negative vertical direction and/or restrict movement in the positive vertical direction. When an adhesive is dispensed or positioned continuously 360 degrees around the groove within the coupling arrangement, compression in the negative vertical direction on the adhesive between the one or more coupling protrusions and the one or more lower protrusions may reduce the risk of delamination and reduce the risk that the lens barrel may tilt within the lens carrier. 
     In some examples, the engaging arrangement may include a contacting arrangement. For example, the contacting arrangement may include an upper protrusion and a lower protrusion. The lower protrusion may fit into a groove formed by the upper protrusion when the lens barrel is received by the lens carrier. In some aspects, the contacting arrangement may be a z-stopper arrangement. The contacting arrangement may restrict movement of the lens barrel relative to the lens carrier in at least one direction along the optical axis. For example, the contacting arrangement may restrict movement of the lens barrel in the negative vertical direction. When an adhesive is dispensed or positioned continuously 360 degrees around the groove within the contacting arrangement, compression in the negative vertical direction on the adhesive in the groove between the upper protrusion and the lower protrusion may reduce the risk of delamination and reduce the risk that the lens barrel may tilt within the lens carrier. 
     In some aspects, when the lens barrel is configured to be inserted through an upper opening of a central cavity of the lens carrier and into the central cavity of the lens carrier, the upper protrusion, the one or more lower protrusions, and the groove may be positioned on an exterior surface of the lens barrel and the one or more coupling protrusions may be positioned on an interior surface of the lens carrier forming the central cavity. The upper protrusion may extend completely around the exterior surface of the lens barrel. The one or more lower protrusions may extend around a portion (e.g., a circumferential length) of the exterior surface of the lens barrel that is less than an entire circumference around the exterior surface of the lens barrel. 
     The one or more lower protrusions extending around a portion of the exterior surface of the lens barrel that is less than the entire circumference around the exterior surface of the lens barrel may form one or more spaces on the exterior surface of the lens barrel between the one or more lower protrusions. The one or more spaces may be vertically aligned along the exterior surface of the lens barrel with the one or more lower protrusions and may be sized to permit an coupling protrusion positioned on the interior surface of the lens carrier to pass between the one or more lower protrusions and into the groove. 
     After the lens barrel is inserted through the upper opening and into the central cavity of the lens carrier, the lens barrel may be positioned (e.g., rotated) so that the one or more coupling protrusions are aligned with the one or more spaces formed between the one or more lower protrusions. When the one or more coupling protrusions are aligned with the one or more spaces formed between the one or more lower protrusions, the lens barrel may be further inserted into the central cavity of the lens carrier so that the one or more coupling protrusions vertically pass by the one or more lower protrusions and move into the groove. The one or more coupling protrusions may vertically move into the groove until the coupling protrusions engage the upper protrusion on the exterior surface of the lens barrel. 
     Subsequently, the lens barrel may be rotated within the central cavity of the lens carrier so that the one or more coupling protrusions are not aligned with the one or more spaces and form the coupling arrangement so that the one or more coupling protrusions engage the one or more lower protrusions when the lens barrel is moved towards the upper opening and/or so that the one or more coupling protrusions engage the one or more upper protrusions when the lens barrel is moved away from the upper opening. In some instances, the coupling arrangement may restrict movement of the lens barrel relative to the lens carrier in at least one direction along the optical axis. 
     An adhesive may be disposed into a gap formed between the exterior surface of the lens barrel and the interior surface of the lens carrier. The adhesive may be dispensed or positioned into the gap continuously along an entire length of the gap (e.g., 360 degrees around the optical axis) and within the coupling arrangement. Dispensing or positioning the adhesive into the gap continuously along an entire length of the gap within the coupling arrangement may provide even distribution of the adhesive around the coupling arrangement thereby reducing the risk of delamination and reducing the risk that the lens barrel may tilt within the lens carrier. 
     In some examples, at least a first portion of the adhesive may be in compression when force is applied to the lens barrel in a first direction. For example, the first direction may be parallel to the optical axis. Additionally, or alternatively, at least a second portion of the adhesive may be in compression when force is applied to the lens barrel in a second direction. For instance, the second direction may be opposite the first direction. 
     Some embodiments include a camera module. The camera module may include one or more lens elements that define an optical axis, a lens barrel that holds the lens elements, a lens carrier, and an engaging arrangement to attach the lens barrel to the lens carrier. According to various embodiments, the engaging arrangement may include one or more grooves and one or more protrusions. The grooves may be defined by the lens barrel and/or the lens carrier. The protrusions may extend from the lens barrel and/or the lens carrier. For example, each respective protrusion may extend at least partially into a respective groove. In some aspects, an adhesive may be disposed or positioned in a gap formed between the one or more grooves and the one or more protrusions. The adhesive may be dispensed or positioned into the gap continuously along an entire length of the gap (e.g., 360 degrees around lens carrier and at least partially fill the gap between the one or more grooves and the one or more protrusions. In various embodiments, one or more portions of the adhesive may be in compression in a first direction along the optical axis and/or in a second direction opposite the first direction along the optical axis when force is applied to the lens barrel or the lens carrier in one or more directions parallel to the optical axis. 
     Some embodiments include a method of assembling a camera module having an engaging arrangement. The method may include inserting a lens barrel at least partially into a lens carrier such that a protrusion of the engaging arrangement extends from the lens barrel or the lens carrier and at least partially into a first portion of a groove of the engaging arrangement. The groove may be defined by the lens barrel or the lens carrier. In some cases, the method may include rotating the lens barrel about an optical axis defined by one or more lens elements held by the lens barrel, such that the protrusion extends at least partially into a second portion of the groove. Furthermore, the method may include dispensing an adhesive into a gap that is formed between the one or more protrusions and the one or more groves on the lens barrel and 360 degrees around the lens barrel. For instance, the adhesive may be dispensed into the gap such that the adhesive travels to at least partially fill the gap within the engaging arrangement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. In some aspects, the adhesive may be dispensed or positioned on the one or more protrusions and/or the one or more grooves of the engaging arrangement located on an interior surface of the lens carrier before the lens barrel is inserted into the lens carrier. In some aspects, the adhesive may be dispensed into the gap between the one or more protrusions and/or the one or more grooves of the engaging arrangement through one or more chamfers on the lens barrel and/or the lens carrier after the lens barrel is inserted into the lens carrier. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    illustrates a perspective view of an example camera module that includes an example coupling arrangement for attaching a lens barrel to a lens carrier according to some aspects. 
         FIG.  2    illustrates a perspective view of an example camera module that includes an example contacting arrangement for attaching a lens barrel to a lens carrier according to some aspects. 
         FIG.  3    illustrates a process flow diagram of an example process for attaching a lens barrel to a lens carrier via a coupling arrangement according to some aspects. 
         FIG.  4    illustrates a process flow diagram of an example process for attaching a lens barrel to a lens carrier via a contacting arrangement according to some aspects. 
         FIG.  5    illustrates a cross-sectional side view of an example camera module that includes an example coupling arrangement according to some aspects. 
         FIG.  6    illustrates a cross-sectional side view of an example camera module that includes an example contacting arrangement according to some aspects. 
         FIG.  7    is a flowchart of an example method of assembling a camera module having an engaging arrangement according to some aspects. 
         FIG.  8    is a flowchart of another example method of assembling a camera module having an engaging arrangement according to some aspects. 
         FIG.  9    illustrates a schematic cross-sectional side view of a portion of an example camera that may include one or more actuators and a sensor shift flexure arrangement for improved signal routing according to some aspects. 
         FIG.  10    illustrates a schematic representation of an example device that may include a camera with a sensor shift flexure arrangement for improved signal routing according to some aspects. 
         FIG.  11    illustrates a schematic block diagram of an example computer system that may include a camera with a sensor shift flexure arrangement for improved signal routing according to some aspects. 
     
    
    
     This specification includes references to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment.” The appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner consistent with this disclosure. 
     “Comprising.” This term is open-ended. As used in the appended claims, this term does not foreclose additional structure or steps. Consider a claim that recites: “An apparatus comprising one or more processor units . . . .” Such a claim does not foreclose the apparatus from including additional components (e.g., a network interface unit, graphics circuitry, etc.). 
     “Configured To.” Various units, circuits, or other components may be described or claimed as “configured to” perform a task or tasks. In such contexts, “configured to” is used to connote structure by indicating that the units/circuits/components include structure (e.g., circuitry) that performs those task or tasks during operation. As such, the unit/circuit/component can be said to be configured to perform the task even when the specified unit/circuit/component is not currently operational (e.g., is not on). The units/circuits/components used with the “configured to” language include hardware—for example, circuits, memory storing program instructions executable to implement the operation, etc. Reciting that a unit/circuit/component is “configured to” perform one or more tasks is expressly intended not to invoke 35 U.S.C. § 112, sixth paragraph, for that unit/circuit/component. Additionally, “configured to” can include generic structure (e.g., generic circuitry) that is manipulated by software and/or firmware (e.g., an FPGA or a general-purpose processor executing software) to operate in manner that is capable of performing the task(s) at issue. “Configure to” may also include adapting a manufacturing process (e.g., a semiconductor fabrication facility) to fabricate devices (e.g., integrated circuits) that are adapted to implement or perform one or more tasks. 
     “First,” “Second,” etc. As used herein, these terms are used as labels for nouns that they precede, and do not imply any type of ordering (e.g., spatial, temporal, logical, etc.). For example, a buffer circuit may be described herein as performing write operations for “first” and “second” values. The terms “first” and “second” do not necessarily imply that the first value must be written before the second value. 
     “Based On.” As used herein, this term is used to describe one or more factors that affect a determination. This term does not foreclose additional factors that may affect a determination. That is, a determination may be solely based on those factors or based, at least in part, on those factors. Consider the phrase “determine A based on B.” While in this case, B is a factor that affects the determination of A, such a phrase does not foreclose the determination of A from also being based on C. In other instances, A may be determined based solely on B. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Some embodiments include camera equipment outfitted with an engaging arrangement that may be used to attach a lens barrel to a lens carrier of an optical assembly. In some aspects, the engaging arrangement may include at least one of a coupling arrangement or a contacting arrangement. In some instances, the engaging arrangement may restrict movement of the lens barrel relative to the lens carrier in at least one direction along the optical axis. In various examples, the lens barrel and/or the lens carrier may be threadless, e.g., the lens barrel and the lens carrier may not have a matching pair of male-female threads. 
     In some embodiments, a device may include a lens barrel and a lens carrier. The lens barrel may hold one or more lens elements that define an optical axis. The lens carrier may be attached to the lens barrel at least partially via an engaging arrangement. In some instances, the engaging arrangement may restrict movement of the lens barrel relative to the lens carrier in at least one direction along the optical axis. 
     According to some examples, the engaging arrangement may include a groove and a protrusion. As used herein, the term “groove” may refer to a channel that is sized such that the protrusion may fit at least partially into the channel and move along the channel when the lens barrel is inserted into the lens carrier. As used herein, the term “recess” may refer to an opening that is sized and positioned such that when the lens barrel is in a certain position within the lens carrier, a channel is formed such that adhesive may be introduced into a groove through the channel, but the channel is sized such that the protrusion cannot pass through the channel. 
     The groove may be defined by the lens barrel or the lens carrier. The protrusion may extend from the lens barrel or the lens carrier to at least partially into the groove. For instance, the protrusion may extend towards the groove in a direction that is at a non-orthogonal angle to the optical axis. In some cases, the groove may be a Z-shaped groove and/or an angled groove formed circumferentially along an outer periphery of the lens barrel or an inner periphery of the lens carrier. 
     Furthermore, the engaging arrangement may include an adhesive. The adhesive may at least partially fill a gap extending 360 degrees around the lens barrel and within the engaging arrangement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. In some embodiments, the engaging arrangement may include a recess (e.g., a chamfered recess) defined by the lens barrel and/or the lens carrier. The recess may provide an inlet for the adhesive to be introduced to the gaps within the engaging arrangement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. According to some embodiments, the engaging arrangement may be configured such that, when the adhesive is introduced via the recess, the adhesive travels via capillary effect to at least partially fill the gap within the engaging arrangement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. For instance, the engaging arrangement may form a channel between the lens barrel and the lens carrier that is sized such that, when the adhesive is introduced via the recess, the adhesive traverses the channel via capillary effect to at least partially fill the gap within the engaging arrangement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. 
     In some examples, at least a first portion of the adhesive may be in compression when force is applied to the lens barrel in a first direction. For example, the first direction may be parallel to the optical axis. Additionally, or alternatively, at least a second portion of the adhesive may be in compression when force is applied to the lens barrel in a second direction. For instance, the second direction may be opposite the first direction. 
     In some cases, the engagement arrangement may include a coupling arrangement having multiple grooves and multiple protrusions. For instance, the coupling arrangement may include a first groove defined by the lens barrel or the lens carrier, and another groove defined by the lens barrel or the lens carrier. When the lens barrel is attached to the lens carrier via the coupling arrangement, the first groove and the second groove may be opposite one another with respect to the lens barrel. Furthermore, the coupling arrangement may include a first protrusion that extends from the lens barrel or the lens carrier to at least partially into the first groove, and a second protrusion that extends from the lens barrel or the lens carrier to at least partially into the second groove. When the lens barrel is attached to the lens carrier via the coupling arrangement, the first protrusion and the second protrusion may be opposite one another with respect to the lens barrel. 
     In some embodiments, the device may be a mobile device (e.g., a mobile multifunction device). The mobile device may include a camera module. The lens barrel, the lens carrier, and the engaging arrangement may be part of the camera module. The camera module may further include an image sensor configured to capture light passing through the lens elements and convert the captured light into image signals. Furthermore, the camera module may include a lens actuator to move the lens carrier relative to the image sensor (and/or to move the image sensor relative to the lens carrier). The mobile device may further include a display and one or more processors in some embodiments. 
     In some cases, the processors may be configured to cause the lens actuator (e.g., a voice coil motor (VCM) actuator, a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) actuator, etc.) to move the lens carrier relative to the image sensor and/or to move the image sensor relative to the lens carrier, e.g., to provide autofocus and/or optical image stabilization functionality. In some examples, the processors may be configured to cause the display to present an image based at least in part on one or more image signals from the image sensor. 
     In some embodiments, a camera module may include one or more elements that define an optical axis, a lens barrel that holds the one or more lens elements, a lens carrier, and an engaging arrangement to attach the lens barrel to the lens carrier. According to various embodiments, the engaging arrangement may include one or more grooves and one or more protrusions. The grooves may be defined by the lens barrel and/or the lens carrier. The protrusions may extend from the lens barrel and/or the lens carrier. For example, each respective protrusion may extend at least partially into a respective groove. In some aspects, an adhesive may be disposed in a gap formed between the one or more grooves and the one or more protrusions. The adhesive may be dispensed into the gap along an entire length of the gap (e.g., 360 degrees around lens carrier and at least partially fill the gap between the one or more grooves and the one or more protrusions. In various embodiments, one or more portions of the adhesive may be in compression in a first direction along the optical axis and/or in a second direction opposite the first direction along the optical axis when force is applied to the lens barrel or the lens carrier in directions parallel to the optical axis. 
     In some examples, the engaging arrangement may include a recess (e.g., a chamfered recess) defined by the lens barrel. For instance, the recess may provide a respective inlet for the adhesive to be introduced to the gap within the engaging arrangement. In some embodiments, when the adhesive is introduced via the recess, the adhesive may travel via capillary effect to at least partially fill the gap within the engaging arrangement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. For instance, the engaging arrangement may form one or more channels between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. The channel may be sized such that, when the adhesive is introduced via the recesses, the adhesive traverses the channels via capillary effect to at least partially fill the gap within the engaging arrangement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. 
     In some cases, at least a first portion of the adhesive may be in compression when force is applied to the lens barrel in a first direction that is parallel to the optical axis. Additionally, or alternatively, at least a second portion of the adhesive may be in compression when force is applied to the lens barrel in a second direction that is opposite the first direction. 
     According to some examples, the grooves may include a first groove defined by the lens carrier. The protrusions may include a first protrusion that extends from the lens barrel to at least partially into the first groove. The engaging arrangement may include a first recess defined by the lens barrel and/or the lens carrier, and located proximate the first protrusion. For instance, the first recess may be located above the first protrusion. The first recess may provide a first inlet for the adhesive to be introduced to gaps within the engaging arrangement between surfaces of the first groove and the first protrusion. In some cases, the grooves may include a second groove defined by the lens carrier. The protrusions may include a second protrusion that extends from the lens barrel to at least partially into the second groove. The second protrusion may be opposite the first protrusion with respect to the lens barrel in some cases. Furthermore, the engaging arrangement may include a second recess defined by the lens barrel and/or the lens carrier, and located proximate the second protrusion. For instance, the second recess may be located above the second protrusion. The second recess may provide a second inlet for the adhesive to be introduced to gaps within the engaging arrangement between surfaces of the second groove and the second protrusion. 
     In some embodiments, the grooves may include a first groove defined by the lens barrel. The protrusions may include a first protrusion that extends from the lens carrier to at least partially into the first groove. The engaging arrangement may include a shoulder that extends from the lens barrel, e.g., along a plane orthogonal to the optical axis. In some examples, the shoulder may be a portion of the lens barrel that extends to overlap a portion of the lens carrier. In some instances, the shoulder may limit the amount the lens barrel may be inserted into the lens carrier. The shoulder may define a first recess located proximate the first groove. For instance, the first recess may be located above the first groove. The first recess may provide a first inlet for the adhesive to be introduced to gaps within the engaging arrangement between surfaces of the first groove and the first protrusion. In some cases, the grooves may include a second groove defined by the lens barrel. The protrusions may include a second protrusion that extends from the lens carrier to at least partially into the second groove. The second protrusion may be opposite the first protrusion with respect to the lens barrel in some instances. Furthermore, the engaging arrangement may include a second recess defined by the shoulder and located proximate the second groove. For instance, the second recess may be located above the second groove. The second recess may provide a second inlet for the adhesive to be introduced to gaps within the engaging arrangement between surfaces of the second groove and the second protrusion. 
     Some embodiments include a method of assembling a camera module having an engaging arrangement. The method may include inserting a lens barrel at least partially into a lens carrier such that a protrusion of the engaging arrangement extends from the lens barrel or the lens carrier to at least partially into a first portion of a groove of the engaging arrangement. The groove may be defined by the lens barrel or the lens carrier. In some cases, the method may include rotating the lens barrel about an optical axis defined by one or more lens elements held by the lens barrel, such that the protrusion extends at least partially into a second portion of the groove. Furthermore, the method may include dispensing an adhesive into a recess that is formed on the lens barrel to provide an inlet for the adhesive to be introduced to the engaging arrangement. For instance, the adhesive may be dispensed into the recess such that the adhesive travels to at least partially fill gaps within the engaging arrangement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. 
     In some embodiments, dispensing the adhesive into the recess may include filling, with a first portion of the adhesive, a first gap between a first surface of the protrusion and a first surface of the groove. For example, the first gap may be filled with the first portion of the adhesive via capillary effect. In some cases, the first portion of the adhesive may be in compression when force is applied to the lens barrel in at least a first direction. For instance, the first direction may be parallel to the optical axis. Additionally, or alternatively, dispensing the adhesive into the recess may include filling, with a second portion of the adhesive, a second gap between the lens barrel and the groove. For example, the second gap may be filled with the second portion of the adhesive via capillary effect. In some cases, the second portion of the adhesive may be in compression when force is applied to the lens barrel in at least a second direction. For instance, the second direction may be opposite the first direction. 
     According to some embodiments, the method may include adjusting a position of the lens barrel relative to an image sensor. For instance, the position of the lens barrel may be adjusted to orient the lens elements in an aligned position in which the lens elements are optically aligned with the image sensor. In some implementations, the position of the lens barrel may be adjusted during a time period that occurs after rotating the lens barrel. Furthermore, in some implementations, the method may include curing the adhesive to bond the lens barrel to the lens carrier and to fix the lens elements in the aligned position. 
     Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that some embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments. 
     It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first contact could be termed a second contact, and, similarly, a second contact could be termed a first contact, without departing from the intended scope. The first contact and the second contact are both contacts, but they are not the same contact. 
     The terminology used in the description herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     As used herein, the term “if” may be construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” may be construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event],” depending on the context. 
     With respect to some camera modules, once an image sensor is attached to the camera module during manufacturing, the image sensor becomes a static component. Subsequently, during lens attachment, the lens is aligned with the image sensor to provide a sharp image. In some aspects, for example with sensor-shift technologies, both the lens and the image sensor may tilt and have movement along the optical axis (e.g., the z-direction). Because of this, aligning the optical axes to maintain sharp image focus is increasingly complex. In some sensor-shift camera modules, the lens barrel may serve as a stopper (e.g., a z-stopper) preventing or reducing movement along the optical axis and preventing or reducing the risk of the lens detaching and making contact (e.g., hitting) the substrate. A lens flange may prevent an adhesive between the lens barrel and the lens carrier from being dispensed completely around (e.g., 360 degrees) the engagement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. Without the adhesive being dispensed completely around the engagement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier, delamination of the adhesive may occur causing lens imbalance and lens tilt impacting image quality of a captured image. 
     In some aspects, an adhesive may not be distributed 360 degrees around the engagement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. Instead, the adhesive distribution may be concentrated in select clustered areas at bonding sections, partial connection sections, delamination sections, and the adhesive void sections between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. These sections may be separated by gaps. Due to the concentrated area containing the adhesive separated by the gaps, the partial connections sections, the delamination sections, and/or adhesive void sections may form between the lens barrel and the lens carrier causing lens imbalance and lens tilt impacting image quality of a captured image. Based on the distribution of the adhesive and the locations of the partial connection sections, delamination sections, and the adhesive void sections, the lens barrel may tilt towards to a first direction (e.g., an ordinal west W coordinate of north N, south S, east E, and west W ordinal coordinates). 
     As described herein, an adhesive may not be distributed 360 degrees around the engagement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. For example, the adhesive distribution may be concentrated in select clustered areas including bonding sections, partial connection sections, unconnected sections, and adhesive void sections in an inner portion between the lens barrel and the lens carrier separated by gaps. Due to the concentrated areas containing the adhesive separated by gaps, the delamination sections on an outer portion of the engagement may form between the lens barrel and the lens carrier causing lens imbalance and lens tilt impacting image quality of a captured image. 
     There are many different types of problematic couplings. In some aspects, a lens barrel may be coupled to a lens carrier via an adhesive. The coupling may be a partial connection such that the adhesive couples the lens barrel to the lens carrier at a first portion while a space forms between the lens barrel and the lens carrier at a second portion. In some aspects, the coupling engagement may include delamination such that the adhesive couples the lens barrel to the lens carrier at a first portion while at a second portion the lens carrier begins to break off or delaminate from the lens barrel. In some aspects, a lens barrel may be decoupled or unconnected from a lens carrier forming a distance between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. The coupling engagement may include an adhesive breaking apart such that the lens barrel and the lens carrier separate from each other. In some aspects, a lens barrel may be coupled to a lens carrier, via an adhesive. The coupling engagement may include a void such that the void forms within the adhesive. For example, the adhesive may couple the lens barrel to the lens carrier except at the location of the void. 
       FIG.  1    illustrates a perspective view of an example camera module  100  that includes an example coupling arrangement  102  for attaching a lens barrel  104  to a lens carrier  106  according to some aspects. In some embodiments, the camera module  100  may include one or multiple features, components, and/or functionality of embodiments described herein with reference to  FIGS.  2 - 11   . 
     In some embodiments, the lens barrel  104  may hold one or more lens elements  108  (also referred to herein as the “lens  108 ”) that define an optical axis  110 . According to various embodiments, the lens barrel  104  may be a threadless lens barrel. Furthermore, the lens carrier  106  may be a threadless lens carrier. For illustrative purposes,  FIG.  1    shows the camera module  100  in an exploded view in which the lens barrel  104  is not attached to the lens carrier  106 . However, as discussed in further detail herein, the lens barrel  104  may be attached to and/or coupled with the lens carrier  106  via the coupling arrangement  102 . For instance, a drop-and-turn process may be used to interlock the lens barrel  104  with the lens carrier  106  via the coupling arrangement  102 . In various embodiments, the coupling arrangement  102  may restrict movement of the lens barrel  104  relative to the lens carrier  106  along at least the optical axis  110  (e.g., in the +z and −z directions). As such, the coupling arrangement  102  may prevent the lens barrel  104  from detaching from the lens carrier  106  under certain circumstances such as a drop event. In some aspects, the lens carrier  106  may retain or include an autofocus (AF) coil  136  of an AF voice motor coil (VCM) for moving the lens  108  (e.g., the lens barrel  104  and the lens carrier  106 ) in one or more directions along the optical axis  110 . 
     According to some embodiments, the coupling arrangement  102  may include one or more grooves and one or more protrusions. For example, the coupling arrangement  102  may include an upper protrusion  112 , one or more lower protrusions  114 , and a groove  116 . As shown in  FIG.  1   , the upper protrusion  112  may be circumferentially positioned around (e.g., completely around) an exterior surface  126  of the lens barrel  104 . The one or more lower protrusions  114  may also be circumferentially positioned at least partially around the exterior surface  126  of the lens barrel  104  and at another elevation along the direction of the optical axis  110  (negative z-direction) from the upper protrusion  112 . In some aspect, one or more lower protrusions  114  may be circumferentially positioned around a portion of the exterior surface  126  of the lens barrel  104  that is less than entire circumference of the lens barrel  104  at the exterior surface  126 . For example, the one or more lower protrusions  114  may be separated by one or more spaces  134  on the exterior surface  126  of the lens barrel  104 . The one or more spaces  134  may have a width sized to permit at least one coupling protrusion  118  to move through a respective space  134  and into the groove  116  as described herein. 
     The coupling arrangement  102  may also include one or more coupling protrusions  118 . The one or more coupling protrusions  118  are configured for positioning between the upper protrusion  112  and the one or more lower protrusions  114  within the groove  116 . As shown in  FIG.  1   , the one or more coupling protrusions  118  may be positioned on an interior surface  128  of the lens carrier  106 . Each of the one or more coupling protrusions  118  may have width sized to pass through the one or more spaces  134  and a height sized for positioning in the groove  116  between the upper protrusion  112  and the one or more lower protrusions  114 . The coupling arrangement  102  may restrict movement of the lens barrel relative to the lens carrier along at least the optical axis. For example, the coupling arrangement  102  may restrict movement of the lens barrel in the positive vertical direction and/or restrict movement in the negative vertical direction along at least the optical axis. As described further herein, the interior surface  128  of the lens carrier  106  along with the upper opening  130  and the lower opening  132  may form a central cavity  124  for receiving the lens barrel  104 . 
     The camera module  100  may also include one or more chamfers. As shown in  FIG.  1   , the lens barrel  104  may include a lens chamfer  120  and the lens carrier  106  may include a lens carrier chamfer  122 . When the lens barrel  104  is positioned in a central cavity  124  (e.g., formed by the interior surface  128 , the upper opening  130 , and the lower opening  132 ) of the lens carrier  106 , a gap may be formed between the exterior surface  126  of the lens barrel  104  and the interior surface  128  of the lens carrier  106 . The lens chamfer  120  and the lens carrier chamfer  122  may be positioned at a top opening of the gap and may widen the distance from the exterior surface  126  to the interior surface  128  at the top opening. Thus, the lens chamfer  120  and the lens carrier chamfer  122  may provide a gap so that an adhesive (e.g., epoxy, glue, or the like) may be dispensed 360 degrees around the top opening and into the gap within the coupling arrangement  102 . For example, an adhesive may be dispensed completely around a top opening of the gap and permitted to travel through the gap and reside at the coupling arrangement  102 . When an adhesive is dispensed 360 degrees around the groove within the coupling arrangement, compression in the positive vertical direction on a first portion of the adhesive between the one or more coupling protrusions and the one or more lower protrusions may reduce the risk of delamination and reduce the risk that the lens barrel may tilt within the lens carrier. Additionally, when an adhesive is dispensed 360 degrees around the groove within the coupling arrangement, compression in the negative vertical direction on a second portion of the adhesive between the one or more coupling protrusions and the upper protrusion may reduce the risk of delamination and reduce the risk that the lens barrel may tilt within the lens carrier. 
       FIG.  2    illustrates a perspective view of an example camera module  200  that includes an example contacting arrangement  202  for attaching a lens barrel  204  to a lens carrier  206  according to some aspects. In some embodiments, the camera module  200  may include one or multiple features, components, and/or functionality of embodiments described herein with reference to  FIGS.  1  and  3 - 11   . 
     In some embodiments, the lens barrel  204  may hold one or more lens elements  208  (also referred to herein as the “lens  208 ”) that define an optical axis  210 . According to various embodiments, the lens barrel  204  may be a threadless lens barrel. Furthermore, the lens carrier  206  may be a threadless lens carrier. For illustrative purposes,  FIG.  2    shows the camera module  200  in an exploded view in which the lens barrel  204  is not attached to the lens carrier  206 . However, as discussed in further detail herein, the lens barrel  204  may be coupled to the lens carrier  206  via the contacting arrangement  202 . For instance, the lens barrel  204  may be inserted into the central cavity  224  of the lens carrier  206  through an upper opening  230 . The lens barrel  204  may be moved though the central cavity  224  until the upper protrusion  212  with the lens carrier  206  engages with a seat formed by the lower protrusion  214  of the lens carrier  206 . In various embodiments, the contacting arrangement  202  may restrict movement of the lens barrel  204  relative to the lens carrier  206  along at least the optical axis  210  (e.g., in the +z and −z directions). As such, the contacting arrangement  202  may prevent the lens barrel  204  from detaching from the lens carrier  206 , for example, through the lower opening  232 , under certain circumstances such as a drop event. In some aspects, the lens carrier  206  may retain or include an autofocus (AF) coil  236  of an AF voice motor coil (VCM) for moving the lens  208  (e.g., the lens barrel  204  and the lens carrier  206 ) in one or more directions along the optical axis  210 . 
     According to some embodiments, the contacting arrangement  202  may include one or more groves and one or more protrusions. For example, the contacting arrangement  202  may include an upper protrusion  212  and one or more lower protrusion  214 . As shown in  FIG.  2   , the upper protrusion  212  may be circumferentially positioned around (e.g., completely around) an exterior surface  226  of the lens barrel  204 . The one or more lower protrusion  214  may also be circumferentially positioned at least partially around the interior surface  228  of the lens carrier  206 . In some aspect, one or more lower protrusions  214  may be circumferentially positioned around a portion of the interior surface  228  of the lens carrier  206  that is less than entire circumference of the interior surface  228  of the lens carrier  206 . For example, the one or more lower protrusions  214  may be separated by one or more spaces on the interior surface  228  of the lens carrier  206 . 
     In some aspects, the one or more lower protrusions  214  may include a seat  234  for receiving a downward facing surface  236  of the upper protrusion  212 . The seat  234  may include a surface that is not parallel with the optical axis  210  and that is not orthogonal to the optical axis  210 . The downward facing surface  236  may be a surface that is configured to be received by the surface of the seat  234 . In some instances, the seat  234  may form a z-shape with the lower protrusion  214  and the interior surface  228 . Additionally, or alternatively, the downward facing surface  236  may form a z-shape with the upper protrusion  212  and the exterior surface  226 . For example, when the seat  234  is adjacent (e.g., engaged with, separated a distance from, separated using an adhesive from) the downward facing surface  236 , the seat  234 , the downward facing surface  236 , and/or a gap or channel formed between the surface  236  and the seat  234  may have a z-shaped relative to the optical axis  210 . The z-shape may allow adhesive to travel via gravity and/or the capillary effect to at least partially fill gaps within the contacting arrangement  202 . 
     The contacting arrangement  202  may restrict movement of the lens barrel relative to the lens carrier in at least one direction along the optical axis. For example, the contacting arrangement  202  may restrict movement of the lens barrel in the negative vertical direction along at least the optical axis. As described further herein, the interior surface  228  of the lens carrier  206  along with the upper opening  230  and the lower opening  232  may form a central cavity  224  for receiving the lens barrel  204 . 
     The camera module  200  may also include one or more chamfers. As shown in  FIG.  2   , the lens carrier  206  may include a lens carrier chamfer  216 . When the lens barrel  204  is positioned in a central cavity  224  (e.g., formed by the interior surface  228 , the upper opening  230 , and the lower opening  232 ) of the lens carrier  206 , a gap may be formed between the exterior surface  226  of the lens barrel  204  and the interior surface  228  of the lens carrier  206 . The lens carrier chamfer  216  may be positioned at a top opening of the gap and may widen the distance from the exterior surface  226  to the interior surface  228  at the top opening. Thus, the lens carrier chamfer  216  may provide a gap so that an adhesive (e.g., epoxy, glue, or the like) may be dispensed 360 degrees around the top opening and into the gap within the contacting arrangement  202 . For example, an adhesive may be dispensed completely around a top opening of the gap and permitted to travel through the gap and reside at the contacting arrangement  202 . When an adhesive is dispensed 360 degrees around the groove within the contacting arrangement  202 , compression in the negative vertical direction on a portion of the adhesive between the seat  234  and the downward facing surface  236  may reduce the risk of delamination and reduce the risk that the lens barrel may tilt within the lens carrier. 
       FIG.  3    illustrates a process flow diagram of an example process  300  for attaching a lens barrel to a lens carrier via a coupling arrangement according to some aspects. For clarity, the following discussion with respect to the process  300  of  FIG.  3    will also refer to elements of  FIGS.  1  and  2   . It should be understood, however, that in some embodiments the process  300  may include one or multiple features, components, and/or functionality of embodiments described herein with reference to  FIGS.  1 ,  2 , and  4 - 11   . 
     At  301 , the process  300  may include inserting the lens barrel  302  at least partially into the lens carrier  304 . For instance, the lens barrel  302  may be positioned above the lens carrier  304  and inserted into the lens carrier  304  along a path that substantially follows an axis, e.g., the optical axis  110 . When inserting the lens barrel  302  into the lens carrier  304 , the one or more lower protrusions  114  may be oriented such that each respective space  134  is aligned with a respective coupling protrusion  118 . The lens barrel  302  may be moved through the upper opening  130  and into the central cavity  124  towards to the lower opening  132 . The lens barrel  302  moves through the central cavity  124  towards to the lower opening  132  until the one or more coupling protrusions  118  engage the upper protrusion  112  so that the one or more coupling protrusions  118  are resting within the groove  116 . As another example, the lens barrel  302  may be positioned above the lens carrier  304  and inserted into the lens carrier  304  along a path that substantially follows an axis, e.g., the optical axis  210 . When inserting the lens barrel  302  into the lens carrier  304 , the lens barrel  302  may be inserted into the upper opening  230  and through the central cavity  224  of the lens carrier  206  towards the lower opening  232  until the downward facing surface  236  of the upper protrusions  212  engages with the seat  234  of the lower protrusion  214 . 
     At  303 , the process  300  may include rotating the lens barrel  302 . For example, the lens barrel  302  may be rotated, relative to the lens carrier  304 , clockwise or counterclockwise about the optical axis  110  or the lens  306 . In various embodiments, each of the one or more coupling protrusions  118  may engage the upper protrusion  112  and thus are resting within the groove  116 . According to some embodiments, the groove  116  may be an L-shaped groove. The L-shaped groove may extend circumferentially along a portion of exterior surface  126  of the lens barrel  104  in some embodiments. The lens barrel  302  may be rotated, relative to the lens carrier  304 , clockwise or counterclockwise about the optical axis  110  so that at least a portion of the coupling protrusion(s)  118  within the groove  116  is not aligned with the respective space  134  and engages with a lower protrusion  114  when the lens barrel  104  is moved in the upward z-direction in addition to engaging the upper protrusion  112  when the lens barrel  104  is moved in the downward z-direction. As another example, the lens barrel  302  may be rotated, relative to the lens carrier  304 , clockwise or counterclockwise about the optical axis  210  or the lens  306 . 
     At  305 , the process  300  may include dispensing adhesive into the coupling arrangement  102 . For instance, the adhesive  314  may be dispensed 360 degrees around gap  308  into the coupling arrangement  102 . In some examples, the adhesive  314  may be dispensed into the gap  308  such that the adhesive travels to at least partially fill the gap  308  within the coupling arrangement  102  between the lens barrel  302  and the lens carrier  304 . In some instances, the gap  308  may be widened using one or more chamfers positioned at the opening of the gap  308  as described herein. As another example, the adhesive  314  may be dispensed 360 degrees around the gap  308  into the coupling arrangement  202  and at least partially through the gap  308 . In some examples, the adhesive  314  may be dispensed into the gap  308  such that the adhesive travels to at least partially fill the gap  308  within the coupling arrangement  202  between the lens barrel  302  and the lens carrier  304 . In some instances, the gap  308  may be widened using one or more chamfers positioned at the opening of the gap  308  as described herein. 
       FIG.  4    illustrates a process flow diagram of an example process  400  for attaching a lens barrel to a lens carrier via a contacting arrangement according to some aspects. For clarity, the following discussion with respect to the process  400  of  FIG.  4    will also refer to elements of  FIGS.  1  and  2   . It should be understood, however, that in some embodiments the process  400  may include one or multiple features, components, and/or functionality of embodiments described herein with reference to  FIGS.  1 - 3  and  5 - 11   . 
     At  401 , the process  400  may include dispensing adhesive around the interior surface of the lens carrier. For instance, an adhesive may be dispensed 360 degrees around the interior surface  404  of the lens carrier  404  at an elevation of the coupling protrusion  118 . In some aspects, the adhesive may be dispensed 360 degrees around the coupling arrangement  102  including one or more coupling protrusions  118 . As another example, an adhesive may be dispensed 360 degrees around the interior surface  408  of the lens carrier  404  at an elevation of the lower protrusion  214  and/or the seat  234  of the lower protrusion  214 . In some aspects, an adhesive may be dispensed around the interior surface  408  of the lens carrier  404  before a lens barrel is inserted into the central cavity  402  of the lens carrier  404 . 
     At  403 , the process  400  may include inserting the lens barrel  410  at least partially into the lens carrier  404 . For instance, the lens barrel  410  may be positioned above the lens carrier  404  and inserted into the lens carrier  304  along a path that substantially follows an axis, e.g., the optical axis  110 , such as through the lens  412 . When inserting the lens barrel  410  into the lens carrier  404 , the one or more lower protrusions  114  may be oriented such that each respective space  134  is aligned with a respective coupling protrusion  118 . The lens barrel  410  may be moved through the upper opening  130  and into the central cavity  124  towards to the lower opening  132 . The lens barrel  410  moves through the central cavity  124  towards to the lower opening  132  until the one or more coupling protrusions  118  engage the upper protrusion  112  so that the one or more coupling protrusions  118  are resting within the groove  116 . The adhesive  414  dispensed around the interior surface  408  of the lens carrier  404  may engage with the exterior surface  126  of the lens carrier as the lens carrier  404  moves through the central cavity  124  towards to the lower opening  132  and to the one or more coupling protrusions  118 . In some aspects, when the lens barrel  410  is inserted into the lens carrier  404 , the adhesive  414 , dispensed on the interior surface  228  of the lens carrier  404 , for example, including at least one of the coupling protrusions  118 , engages at least one of the lower protrusion  114  of the exterior surface  126  of the lens barrel  410 , the upper protrusion  112  of the exterior surface  126  of the lens barrel  410 , or the groove  116  of the exterior surface  126  of the lens barrel  410 . 
     As another example, the lens barrel  410  may be positioned above the lens carrier  404  and inserted into the lens carrier  404  along a path that substantially follows an axis, e.g., the optical axis  210 , such as through the lens  412 . When inserting the lens barrel  410  into the lens carrier  404 , the lens barrel  410  may be inserted into the upper opening  230  and through the central cavity  224  of the lens carrier  206  towards the lower opening  232  until the downward facing surface  236  of the upper protrusions  212  engages with the seat  234  of the lower protrusion  214 . The adhesive  414  dispensed around the interior surface  408  of the lens carrier  404  may engage with the exterior surface  226  of the lens carrier  404  as the lens carrier  404  moves through the central cavity  224  towards to the seat  234  of the lower protrusion  214 . In some aspects, when the lens barrel  410  is inserted into the lens carrier  404 , the adhesive  414  dispensed on the contacting arrangement  202  including at least one of the seat  234  or the lower protrusion  214  may engage at least one of the downward facing surface  236  of the upper protrusion  212  or the seat  234  of the lower protrusion  214 . 
     At  405 , the process  400  may include rotating the lens barrel  410 . For example, the lens barrel  410  may be rotated, relative to the lens carrier  404 , clockwise or counterclockwise about the optical axis  110  or the lens  412 . In various embodiments, each of the one or more coupling protrusions  118  may engage the upper protrusion  112  and thus are resting within the groove  116 . According to some embodiments, the groove  116  may be an L-shaped groove. The L-shaped groove may extend circumferentially along a portion of exterior surface  126  of the lens barrel  410  in some embodiments. The lens barrel  410  may be rotated, relative to the lens carrier  404 , clockwise or counterclockwise about the optical axis  110  so that at least a portion of the coupling protrusion(s)  118  within the groove  116  is not aligned with the respective space  134  and engages with a lower protrusion  114  when the lens barrel  410  is moved in the upward z-direction in addition to engaging the upper protrusion  112  when the lens barrel  410  is moved in the downward z-direction. In addition, by rotating the lens barrel  410 , the adhesive  414  may be more evenly distributed across the interlock arrangement  102  between the coupling protrusion(s)  118  of the interior surface  128  of the lens carrier  404  and at least one of the upper protrusion(s)  112  of the exterior surface  126  of the lens barrel  410 , the groove  116  of the exterior surface  126  of the lens barrel  410 , or the lower protrusion(s)  114  of the exterior surface  126  of the lens barrel  410 . As another example, the lens barrel  302  may be rotated, relative to the lens carrier  304 , clockwise or counterclockwise about the optical axis  210  or the lens  412 . By rotating the lens barrel  410 , the adhesive  414  may be more evenly distributed across the contacting arrangement  202  between the seat  234  and/or the lower protrusion(s)  218  of the interior surface  228  of the lens carrier  404  and at least one of the downward facing surface(s)  236  and/or the upper protrusion(s)  212  of the exterior surface  226  of the lens barrel  410 . 
       FIG.  5    illustrates two half cross-sectional side views of an example camera module  500  that includes an example coupling arrangement according to some aspects. For example, the two half cross-sectional side views of  FIG.  5    may correspond to partial or half cross-sections taken along section line  3 - 3  shown in  FIG.  3   . In some embodiments the camera module  500  may include one or multiple features, components, and/or functionality of embodiments described herein with reference to  FIGS.  1 - 4  and  6 - 11   . In some aspects, the example camera module  500  may include one or more same or similar features as the example camera module  100  illustrated in  FIG.  1   . 
     In some embodiments, the lens barrel  504  may hold one or more lens elements such as a lens, as described herein, that define an optical axis  510 . According to various embodiments, the lens barrel  504  may be a threadless lens barrel. Furthermore, the lens carrier  506  may be a threadless lens carrier. As shown in  FIG.  5   , the lens barrel  504  may be attached to and/or coupled with the lens carrier  506  via the coupling arrangement  502 . For instance, a drop-and-turn process may be used to couple the lens barrel  504  with the lens carrier  506  via the coupling arrangement  502 . In various embodiments, the coupling arrangement  502  may restrict movement of the lens barrel  504  relative to the lens carrier  506  along at least the optical axis  510  (e.g., in the +z and −z directions). As such, the coupling arrangement  502  may prevent the lens barrel  504  from detaching from the lens carrier  506  under certain circumstances such as a drop event. 
     According to some embodiments, the coupling arrangement  502  may include one or more grooves and one or more protrusions. For example, the coupling arrangement  502  may include an upper protrusion  512 , one or more lower protrusions  514 , and a groove  516 . The upper protrusion  512  may be circumferentially positioned around (e.g., completely around) an exterior surface of the lens barrel  504 . The one or more lower protrusions  514  may also be circumferentially positioned at least partially around the exterior surface of the lens barrel  504  and at another elevation along the direction of the optical axis  510  (negative z-direction) from the upper protrusion  512 . In some aspect, one or more lower protrusions  514  may be circumferentially positioned around a portion of the exterior surface of the lens barrel  504  that is less than entire circumference of the lens barrel  504  at the exterior surface. For example, the one or more lower protrusions  514  may be separated by one or more spaces on the exterior surface of the lens barrel  504 . The one or more spaces may have a width sized to permit at least one coupling protrusion  518  to move through a respective space and into the groove  516 . 
     The coupling arrangement  502  may also include one or more coupling protrusions  518 . The one or more coupling protrusions  518  are configured for positioning between the upper protrusion  512  and the one or more lower protrusions  514  within the groove  516 . As shown in  FIG.  5   , the one or more coupling protrusions  518  may be positioned on an interior surface of the lens carrier  506 . Each of the one or more coupling protrusions  518  may have width sized to pass through the one or more spaces and a height sized for positioning in the groove  516  between the upper protrusion  512  and the one or more lower protrusions  514 . In a coupled state, the coupling arrangement  502  may restrict movement of the lens barrel  504  relative to the lens carrier  506  in at least one direction along the optical axis  510 . For example, in the coupled state, the coupling arrangement  502  may restrict movement of the lens barrel  504  in the positive vertical direction and/or restrict movement of the lens barrel  504  in the negative vertical direction along at least the optical axis  510 . For example, as shown in  FIG.  5   , the coupling arrangement  502  may be in a coupled state such that the coupling protrusion  516  is positioned within the groove  516  between the upper protrusion  512  and the lower protrusion  514  and restricting movement of the lens barrel  504  in the positive and/or the negative direction along the optical axis  510 . In addition, surfaces of the coupling arrangement  502  holding the lens barrel  504  in a coupled state relative to the lens carrier  506  such as the surfaces of the lower protrusion  514  and the coupling protrusion  518  at the first location  528  and/or the surfaces of the upper protrusion  512  and the coupling protrusion  518  at the second location  530  may not be parallel with the optical axis  510  and may not be orthogonal to the optical axis  510  to allow the adhesive  526  to travel from the top opening of the gap  524  to at least partially fill the gap  524  via capillary effect. 
     The camera module  500  may also include one or more chamfers. As shown in  FIG.  5   , the lens barrel  504  may include a lens chamfer  520  and the lens carrier  506  may include a lens carrier chamfer  522 . With the lens barrel  504  positioned in a central cavity (e.g., formed by the interior surface  128 , the upper opening  130 , and the lower opening  132  illustrated in  FIG.  1   ) of the lens carrier  506 , a gap  524  may be formed between the exterior surface of the lens barrel  504  and the interior surface of the lens carrier  506 . The lens chamfer  520  and the lens carrier chamfer  522  may be positioned at a top opening of the gap  524  and may widen the distance from the exterior surface of the lens barrel  504  to the interior surface  128  of the lens carrier  506  at the top opening. Thus, the lens chamfer  520  and the lens carrier chamfer  522  may provide a larger opening into the gap  524  so that the adhesive  526  (e.g., epoxy, glue, or the like) may be dispensed 360 degrees around the top opening and into the gap  524  within the coupling arrangement  502 . For example, the adhesive  526  may be dispensed completely around a top opening of the gap  524  and permitted to travel through the gap  524  and reside at the coupling arrangement  502 . 
     In some instances, one or more forces may be applied to the lens barrel  504  in one or more directions parallel to the optical axis  510 . In the case of a drop event, for example, opposite forces may be applied to the lens barrel  504  and the lens carrier  506  upon impact. In some other camera designs, an adhesive used to bond a lens barrel to a lens carrier may be primarily in tension and/or shear, not compression, when forces are applied to the lens barrel in directions parallel to the optical axis. As such, the lens barrel in those other camera designs may tend to detach from the lens carrier as a result of a drop event and/or another situation in which forces are applied to the lens barrel. In contrast, in various embodiments described herein one or more portions of the adhesive  526  may be in compression when force is applied to the lens barrel  504 , e.g., in directions parallel to the optical axis  510  (defined by one or more lens elements held by the lens barrel  504 ). Accordingly, embodiments of the coupling arrangement described herein may be more likely to prevent the lens barrel  504  from detaching from the lens carrier  506  than the other camera designs (in which the adhesive is primarily in tension and/or shear) in some instances. For example, when the adhesive  526  is dispensed 360 degrees around the groove  516  within the coupling arrangement  502 , as shown in  FIG.  5   , compression of the lens barrel  504 , via the lower protrusion  514 , on the adhesive  526  at the first location  528  in the positive vertical direction (e.g., +z direction) parallel to the optical axis  510  on the lens carrier  506 , via the one or more coupling protrusions  518 , may reduce the risk of delamination of the adhesive  526  and may reduce the risk that the lens barrel  504  may tilt within the lens carrier  506 . Additionally, when the adhesive  526  is dispensed 360 degrees around the groove  516  within the coupling arrangement  502 , as shown in  FIG.  5   , compression of the lens barrel  504 , via the upper protrusions  512 , on the adhesive  526  at the second location  530  in the negative vertical direction (e.g., −z direction) parallel to the optical axis  510  on the lens carrier  506 , via the one or more coupling protrusions  518 , may also reduce the risk of delamination of the adhesive  526  and may reduce the risk that the lens barrel  504  may tilt within the lens carrier  506 . 
       FIG.  6    illustrates a cross-sectional side view of an example camera module  600  that includes an example contacting arrangement according to some aspects. For example, the cross-sectional side view of  FIG.  6    may correspond to a cross-section taken along section line  4 - 4  shown in  FIG.  4   . In some embodiments the camera module  600  may include one or multiple features, components, and/or functionality of embodiments described herein with reference to  FIGS.  1 - 5  and  7 - 11   . In some aspects, the example camera module  600  may include one or more same or similar features as the example camera module  200  illustrated in  FIG.  2   . 
     In some embodiments, the lens barrel  604  may hold one or more lens elements (also referred to herein as the “lens”) that define an optical axis  610 . According to various embodiments, the lens barrel  604  may be a threadless lens barrel. Furthermore, the lens carrier  606  may be a threadless lens carrier. As shown in  FIG.  6   , the lens barrel  604  is coupled to the lens carrier  606  via the contacting arrangement  602 . For instance, the lens barrel  604  may have been inserted into the central cavity of the lens carrier  606  through an upper opening. The lens barrel  604  may have moved though the central cavity until the lens barrel protrusion  614  of the lens barrel  604  engages with a seat formed by the lens carrier protrusion  612  of the lens carrier  606 . In various embodiments, the contacting arrangement  602  may restrict movement of the lens barrel  604  relative to the lens carrier  606  along at least the optical axis  610  (e.g., in the +z and −z directions). As such, the contacting arrangement  602  may prevent the lens barrel  604  from detaching from the lens carrier  606 , for example under certain circumstances such as a drop event. 
     According to some embodiments, the contacting arrangement  602  may include one or more groves and one or more protrusions. For example, as described herein, the contacting arrangement  602  may include a lens barrel protrusion  614  and one or more lens carrier protrusions  612 . The lens barrel protrusion  614  may be circumferentially positioned around (e.g., completely around) an exterior surface of the lens barrel  604 . The one or more lens carrier protrusions  612  may also be circumferentially positioned at least partially around the interior surface of the lens carrier  606 . In some aspects, one or more lens carrier protrusions  612  may be circumferentially positioned around a portion of the interior surface of the lens carrier  606  that is less than entire circumference of the interior surface of the lens carrier  606 . For example, the one or more lens carrier protrusions  612  may be separated by one or more spaces on the interior surface of the lens carrier  606 . 
     In some aspects, the one or more lens carrier protrusions  612  may include a seat  634  for receiving a downward facing surface  636  of the lens barrel protrusion  614 . The seat  634  may include a surface that is not parallel with the optical axis  610  and that is not orthogonal to the optical axis  610 . The downward facing surface  636  may be a surface that is configured to be received by the seat  634 . In some instances, the seat  634  may form a z-shape with a respective lens carrier protrusion  612  and the interior surface of the lens carrier  606 . Additionally, or alternatively, the downward facing surface  636  may form a z-shape with a respective lens barrel protrusion  614  and the exterior surface of the lens barrel  604 . For example, when the seat  634  is adjacent (e.g., engaged with, separated a distance from, separated using an adhesive from) the downward facing surface  636 , the seat  634 , the downward facing surface  636 , and/or a gap  618  (or channel) formed between the downward facing surface  636  and the seat  634  may have a z-shaped relative to the optical axis  610 . The z-shape may allow the adhesive  620  to travel via gravity and/or the capillary effect to at least partially fill gap  618  within the contacting arrangement  602  when the adhesive  620  is dispensed into the gap  618 . 
     The contacting arrangement  602  may restrict movement of the lens barrel  604  relative to the lens carrier  606  in at least one direction along the optical axis  610 . For example, the contacting arrangement  602  may restrict movement of the lens barrel  604  in the negative vertical direction (e.g., −z direction) along at least the optical axis  610 . The camera module  600  may also include one or more chamfers. As shown in  FIG.  6   , the lens carrier  606  may include a lens carrier chamfer  622 . As described herein, when the lens barrel  604  is positioned in a central cavity, a gap  618  may be formed between the exterior surface of the lens barrel  604  and the interior surface of the lens carrier  606 . The lens carrier chamfer  622  may be positioned at a top opening of the gap  618  and may widen the distance from the exterior surface of the lens barrel  604  to the interior surface of the lens carrier  606  at the top opening of the gap  618 . Thus, the lens carrier chamfer  622  may provide a greater distance across the gap  618  so that the adhesive  620  (e.g., epoxy, glue, or the like) may be dispensed 360 degrees around the top opening and into the gap  618  within the contacting arrangement  602 . For example, the adhesive  618  may have been dispensed completely around the top opening of the gap  618 , permitted to travel through the gap  618 , and reside at the contacting arrangement  602 . 
     In some instances, one or more forces may be applied to the lens barrel  604  in one or more directions parallel to the optical axis  610 . In the case of a drop event, for example, opposite forces may be applied to the lens barrel  604  and the lens carrier  606  upon impact. In some other camera designs, an adhesive used to bond a lens barrel to a lens carrier may be primarily in tension and/or shear, not compression, when forces are applied to the lens barrel in directions parallel to the optical axis. As such, the lens barrel in those other camera designs may tend to detach from the lens carrier as a result of a drop event and/or another situation in which forces are applied to the lens barrel. In contrast, in various embodiments described herein one or more portions of the adhesive  620  may be in compression when force is applied to the lens barrel  604 , e.g., in directions parallel to the optical axis  610  (defined by one or more lens elements held by the lens barrel  604 ). Accordingly, embodiments of the contacting arrangement  602  described herein may be more likely to prevent the lens barrel  604  from detaching from the lens carrier  606  than the other camera designs (in which the adhesive is primarily in tension and/or shear) in some instances. For example, when the adhesive  620  is dispensed 360 degrees around the groove  616  within the contacting arrangement  602 , as shown in  FIG.  6   , compression of the lens barrel  604 , via the lens barrel protrusion  614 , on the adhesive  620  at the first location  624  in the negative vertical direction (e.g., −z direction) parallel to the optical axis  610  on the lens carrier  606 , via the one or more lens carrier protrusions  612 , may reduce the risk of delamination of the adhesive  620  and may reduce the risk that the lens barrel  604  may tilt within the lens carrier  606 . For example, when the adhesive  620  is dispensed 360 degrees around the groove  616  within the contacting arrangement  602 , compression of the lens barrel  604  in the negative vertical direction (e.g., −z direction) on a portion of the adhesive between the seat  634  and the downward facing surface  636  may reduce the risk of delamination and reduce the risk that the lens barrel  604  may tilt within the lens carrier  606 . 
       FIG.  7    illustrates a process flow diagram of an example process  700  for attaching a lens barrel to a lens carrier via an engaging arrangement according to some aspects. For clarity, the following discussion with respect to the process  700  of  FIG.  7    will also refer to elements of  FIGS.  1  and  1   . For example, the engaging arrangement may include one of the coupling arrangement described herein or the contacting arrangement described herein. It should be understood, however, that in some embodiments the process  700  may include one or multiple features, components, and/or functionality of embodiments described herein with reference to  FIGS.  1 - 6  and  10 - 11   . 
     At  702 , the process  700  may include providing a lens carrier for receiving a lens barrel. In some instances, the lens carrier may be the lens carrier  106  illustrated in  FIG.  1    and the lens barrel may be the lens barrel  104  illustrated in  FIG.  1   . Additionally, or alternatively, the lens carrier may be the lens carrier  206  illustrated in  FIG.  2    and the lens barrel may be the lens barrel  204  illustrated in  FIG.  2   . In some aspects, the lens carrier may be the lens carrier  506  illustrated in  FIG.  5    and the lens barrel may be the lens barrel  504  illustrated in  FIG.  5   . Additionally, or alternatively, the lens carrier may be the lens carrier  606  illustrated in  FIG.  6    and the lens barrel may be the lens barrel  604  illustrated in  FIG.  6   . 
     At  704 , the process  700  may include inserting the lens barrel into the lens carrier such that a protrusion extending from the lens carrier and/or the lens barrel extends into a groove of a coupling arrangement. For example, the lens barrel may be positioned above the lens carrier and inserted into the lens carrier along a path that substantially follows an axis, e.g., the optical axis. When inserting the lens barrel into the lens carrier, the one or more lower protrusions may be oriented such that each respective space is aligned with a respective coupling protrusion. The lens barrel may be moved through the upper opening and into the central cavity towards to the lower opening. The lens barrel moves through the central cavity towards to the lower opening until the one or more coupling protrusions engage the upper protrusion so that the one or more coupling protrusions are resting within the groove. As another example, the lens barrel may be positioned above the lens carrier and inserted into the lens carrier along a path that substantially follows an axis, e.g., the optical axis. When inserting the lens barrel into the lens carrier, the lens barrel may be inserted into the upper opening and through the central cavity of the lens carrier towards the lower opening until the downward facing surface of the upper protrusions engages with the seat of the lower protrusion. 
     At  706 , the process  700  may include rotating the lens barrel about an optical axis to lock the lens barrel with the lens carrier. For example, the lens barrel may be rotated, relative to the lens carrier, clockwise or counterclockwise about the optical axis or the lens. In various embodiments, each of the one or more coupling protrusions may engage the upper protrusion and thus are resting within the groove. According to some embodiments, the groove may be an L-shaped groove. The L-shaped groove may extend circumferentially along a portion of exterior surface of the lens barrel in some embodiments. The lens barrel may be rotated, relative to the lens carrier, clockwise or counterclockwise about the optical axis so that at least a portion of the coupling protrusion(s) within the groove is not aligned with the respective space and engages with a lower protrusion when the lens barrel is moved in the upward z-direction in addition to engaging the upper protrusion when the lens barrel is moved in the downward z-direction. As another example, the lens barrel may be rotated, relative to the lens carrier, clockwise or counterclockwise about the optical axis or the lens. 
     At  708 , the process  700  may include dispensing an adhesive 360 degrees around a gap within the coupling arrangement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. For example, the adhesive may be dispensed 360 degrees around gap into the coupling arrangement. In some examples, the adhesive may be dispensed into the gap such that the adhesive travels to at least partially fill the gap within the coupling arrangement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. In some instances, the gap may be widened using one or more chamfers positioned at the opening of the gap as described herein. As another example, the adhesive may be dispensed 360 degrees around the gap into the contacting arrangement and at least partially through the gap. In some examples, the adhesive may be dispensed into the gap such that the adhesive travels to at least partially fill the gap within the contacting arrangement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. In some instances, the gap may be widened using one or more chamfers positioned at the opening of the gap as described herein. 
     At  710 , the process  700  may include rotating the lens barrel about the optical axis to increase coverage of the adhesive on the engaging arrangement. For example, the lens barrel may be rotated relative to the lens carrier in the clockwise or counter-clockwise direction to more evenly distribute the adhesive 360 degrees around the coupling arrangement or the contacting arrangement. After the lens barrel is rotated, the lens barrel may be rotated to lock the lens barrel with the lens carrier. 
     At  712 , the process  700  may include initiating one or more active alignment (AA) processes for a lens of the lens carrier. For example, a position of the lens barrel relative to an image sensor of the camera module may be adjusted to optically align the lens with the image sensor, at  710 . In some cases, the adhesive may be cured, for example, before, during, and/or after performing optical alignment. As another example, the adhesive may be cured during and/or after dispensing the adhesive into the recess, e.g., if it is determined, at  708 , not to perform optical alignment. 
       FIG.  8    illustrates a process flow diagram of an example process  800  for attaching a lens barrel to a lens carrier via an engaging arrangement according to some aspects. For clarity, the following discussion with respect to the process  800  of  FIG.  8    will also refer to elements of  FIGS.  1  and  2   . For example, the engaging arrangement may include one of the coupling arrangement described herein or the contacting arrangement described herein. It should be understood, however, that in some embodiments the process  800  may include one or multiple features, components, and/or functionality of embodiments described herein with reference to  FIGS.  1 - 7  and  9 - 11   . 
     At  802 , the method  800  may include providing a lens carrier for receiving a lens barrel. In some instances, the lens carrier may be the lens carrier  106  illustrated in  FIG.  1    and the lens barrel may be the lens barrel  104  illustrated in  FIG.  1   . Additionally, or alternatively, the lens carrier may be the lens carrier  206  illustrated in  FIG.  2    and the lens barrel may be the lens barrel  204  illustrated in  FIG.  2   . In some aspects, the lens carrier may be the lens carrier  506  illustrated in  FIG.  5    and the lens barrel may be the lens barrel  504  illustrated in  FIG.  5   . Additionally, or alternatively, the lens carrier may be the lens carrier  606  illustrated in  FIG.  6    and the lens barrel may be the lens barrel  604  illustrated in  FIG.  6   . 
     At  804 , the method  800  may include dispensing an adhesive 360 degrees within an engaging arrangement around an interior surface of the lens carrier. For example, before inserting the lens barrel into the lens carrier, the adhesive may be dispensed or positioned continuously 360 degrees around an interior surface of the lens carrier at the coupling arrangement and/or at a coupling protrusion of the coupling arrangement. As another example, before inserting the lens barrel into the lens carrier, the adhesive may be dispensed 360 degrees around the contacting arrangement and/or at a lower protrusion of the contacting arrangement. 
     At  806 , the method  800  may include inserting the lens barrel into the lens carrier such that a protrusion extending from the lens carrier or the lens barrel into a groove of the engaging arrangement and such that the adhesive dispensed 360 degrees around the interior of the lens carrier engages an exterior surface of the lens barrel. For example, the lens barrel may be positioned above the lens carrier and inserted into the lens carrier along a path that substantially follows an axis, e.g., the optical axis. When inserting the lens barrel into the lens carrier, the one or more lower protrusions may be oriented such that each respective space is aligned with a respective coupling protrusion. The lens barrel may be moved through the upper opening and into the central cavity towards to the lower opening. The lens barrel moves through the central cavity towards to the lower opening until the one or more coupling protrusions engage the upper protrusion so that the one or more coupling protrusions are resting within the groove. As another example, the lens barrel may be positioned above the lens carrier and inserted into the lens carrier along a path that substantially follows an axis, e.g., the optical axis. When inserting the lens barrel into the lens carrier, the lens barrel may be inserted into the upper opening and through the central cavity of the lens carrier towards the lower opening until the downward facing surface of the upper protrusions engages with the seat of the lower protrusion. 
     At  808 , the method  800  may include rotating the lens barrel about the optical axis to secure the lens barrel with the lens carrier and/or to increase coverage of the adhesive. For example, the lens barrel may be rotated, relative to the lens carrier, clockwise or counterclockwise about the optical axis or the lens. In various embodiments, each of the one or more coupling protrusions may engage the upper protrusion and thus are resting within the groove. According to some embodiments, the groove may be an L-shaped groove. The L-shaped groove may extend circumferentially along a portion of exterior surface of the lens barrel in some embodiments. The lens barrel may be rotated, relative to the lens carrier, clockwise or counterclockwise about the optical axis so that at least a portion of the coupling protrusion(s) within the groove is not aligned with the respective space and engages with a lower protrusion when the lens barrel is moved in the upward z-direction in addition to engaging the upper protrusion when the lens barrel is moved in the downward z-direction. As another example, the lens barrel may be rotated, relative to the lens carrier, clockwise or counterclockwise about the optical axis or the lens. As yet another example, the lens barrel may be rotated relative to the lens carrier in the clockwise or counter-clockwise direction to more evenly distribute the adhesive 360 degrees around the coupling arrangement or the contacting arrangement. 
     At  810 , the method  800  may include initiating one or more active alignment (AA) processes for a lens of the lens carrier. For example, a position of the lens barrel relative to an image sensor of the camera module may be adjusted to optically align the lens with the image sensor. In some cases, the adhesive may be cured, for example, before, during, and/or after performing optical alignment. As another example, the adhesive may be cured during and/or after dispensing the adhesive into the recess, e.g., if it is determined, at  808 , not to perform optical alignment. 
       FIG.  9    illustrates a schematic cross-sectional side view of a portion of an example camera  900  that may include one or more actuators and a sensor shift flexure arrangement for improved signal routing, in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, camera  900  may include a lens group  902 , an image sensor  904 , and a voice coil motor (VCM) actuator module  906 . The lens group  902  may define an optical axis. The image sensor  904  may be configured to capture light passing through the lens group  902  and convert the captured light into image signals. In some cases, the VCM actuator module  906  may be one of multiple VCM actuator modules of the camera  900 . For instance, the camera  900  may include four such VCM actuator modules  906 , such as two pairs of VCM actuator modules  906  that oppose one another relative to the lens group  902 . The VCM actuator modules  906  may be configured to move the lens group  902  along the optical axis (e.g., in the Z-axis direction, to provide autofocus (AF) functionality) and/or tilt the lens group  902  relative to the optical axis. Furthermore, the VCM actuator module(s)  906  may be configured to move the image sensor  904  in directions orthogonal to the optical axis (e.g., in the X-axis and/or Y-axis directions, to provide optical image stabilization (OIS) functionality). 
     In various embodiments, the VCM actuator module  906  may include a magnet  908  (e.g., a stationary single pole magnet), a lens holder  910 , a substrate  912 , a top flexure (not shown), and a bottom flexure  914 . Furthermore, the VCM actuator module  906  may include an AF coil  916  and a bottom sensor positioning (SP) coil  918 . 
     In some embodiments, the lens holder  910  may hold, or otherwise support, the AF coil  916  proximate a side of the magnet  908 . The lens holder  910  may be coupled to the lens group  902  such that the lens group  902  shifts together with the lens holder  910 . 
     In various embodiments, the substrate  912  may hold, or otherwise support, the bottom SP coil  918  proximate a bottom side of the magnet  908 . The substrate  912  may be coupled to the image sensor  904  such that the image sensor  904  shifts together with the substrate  912 . In some embodiments, the substrate  912  may also be coupled with, or may otherwise support, an infrared cut-off filter (IRCF)  920  (and/or one or more other optical elements), e.g., as indicated in  FIG.  9   . 
     In some embodiments, the VCM actuator module  906  may include a position sensor  922  (e.g., a Hall sensor) for position detection based on movement of the SP coil  918  in directions orthogonal to the optical axis. For example, the position sensor  922  may be located on the substrate  912  proximate to the SP coil  918 . 
     The flexure  914  may be configured to provide compliance for motion of the substrate  912  in directions orthogonal to the optical axis. Furthermore, the flexure  914  may be configured to suspend the substrate  912  and the image sensor  904  from one or more stationary structures  924  of the camera  900 . 
     The top flexure (not shown) may be configured to mechanically and electrically connect the lens holder  910  to the shield can  926  and/or to one or more other stationary structures (e.g., stationary structure  924 ). The top flexure may be configured to provide compliance for movement of the lens holder  910  along the optical axis and for tilt of the lens holder  910  relative to the optical axis. The shield can  926  may encase, at least in part, an interior of the camera  900 . The shield can  926  may be a stationary component that is static relative to one or more moving components (e.g., the lens holder  910  and substrate  912 ). 
     In some embodiments, the stationary magnet  908  may be fixed to a stationary structure (e.g., magnet holder  928 ). In some examples, each of the AF coil  916  and the SP coil  918  may be a race track coil. 
     Electromagnetic interaction between the AF coil  916  and the magnet  908  may produce Lorentz forces that cause the lens holder  910  to move along the optical axis and/or to tilt relative to the optical axis. Electromagnetic interaction between the SP coil  918  and the magnet  908  may produce Lorentz forces that cause the substrate  912  to move in directions orthogonal to the optical axis. The lens group  902  may shift together with (e.g., in lockstep with) the lens holder  910 . Furthermore, the image sensor  904  may shift together with (e.g., in lockstep with) the substrate  912 . 
     As discussed herein, electrical contacts/connections may allow for electrical signals (e.g., image signals) to be conveyed from the image sensor  904  to a controller (not shown). For instance, the image sensor  904  may be in electrical contact with the substrate  912  via one or more contacts, and thus image signals may be conveyed from the image sensor  904  to the substrate  912 . The image signals may be conveyed from the substrate  912  to one or more external components via the flexure  914  and a flex circuit. According to various examples, electrical contacts/connections may allow for current to be conveyed from the controller to the substrate  912  to drive the SP coil  918 . 
       FIG.  10    illustrates a schematic representation of an example device  1000  that may include one or more cameras. For example, the device  1000  may include a camera system having an engagement arrangement, such as the camera systems and engagement arrangements described herein with reference to  FIGS.  1 - 8   . In some embodiments, the device  1000  may be a mobile device and/or a multifunction device. In various embodiments, the device  1000  may be any of various types of devices, including, but not limited to, a personal computer system, desktop computer, laptop, notebook, tablet, slate, pad, or netbook computer, mainframe computer system, handheld computer, workstation, network computer, a camera, a set top box, a mobile device, an augmented reality (AR) and/or virtual reality (VR) headset, a consumer device, video game console, handheld video game device, application server, storage device, a television, a video recording device, a peripheral device such as a switch, modem, router, or in general any type of computing or electronic device. 
     In some embodiments, the device  1000  may include a display system  1002  (e.g., comprising a display and/or a touch-sensitive surface) and/or one or more cameras  1004 . In some non-limiting embodiments, the display system  1002  and/or one or more front-facing cameras  1004   a  may be provided at a front side of the device  1000 , e.g., as indicated in  FIG.  10   . Additionally, or alternatively, one or more rear-facing cameras  1004   b  may be provided at a rear side of the device  1000 . In some embodiments comprising multiple cameras  1004 , some or all of the cameras  1004  may be the same as, or similar to, each other. Additionally, or alternatively, some or all of the cameras  1004  may be different from each other. In various embodiments, the location(s) and/or arrangement(s) of the camera(s)  1004  may be different than those indicated in  FIG.  10   . 
     Among other things, the device  1000  may include memory  1006  (e.g., comprising an operating system  1008  and/or application(s)/program instructions  1010 ), one or more processors and/or controllers  1012  (e.g., comprising CPU(s), memory controller(s), display controller(s), and/or camera controller(s), etc.), and/or one or more sensors  1014  (e.g., orientation sensor(s), proximity sensor(s), and/or position sensor(s), etc.). In some embodiments, the device  1000  may communicate with one or more other devices and/or services, such as computing device(s)  1016 , cloud service(s)  1018 , etc., via one or more networks  1020 . For example, the device  1000  may include a network interface that enables the device  1000  to transmit data to, and receive data from, the network(s)  1020 . Additionally, or alternatively, the device  1000  may be capable of communicating with other devices via wireless communication using any of a variety of communications standards, protocols, and/or technologies. 
       FIG.  11    illustrates a schematic block diagram of an example computer system  1100  that may include a camera having a sensor shift flexure arrangement for improved signal routing, e.g., as described herein with reference to  FIGS.  1 - 10   . In addition, computer system  1100  may implement methods for controlling operations of the camera and/or for performing image processing on images captured with the camera. In some embodiments, the device  1600  (described herein with reference to  FIG.  10   ) may additionally, or alternatively, include some or all of the functional components of the described herein. 
     The computer system  1100  may be configured to execute any or all of the embodiments described above. In different embodiments, computer system  1100  may be any of various types of devices, including, but not limited to, a personal computer system, desktop computer, laptop, notebook, tablet, slate, pad, or netbook computer, mainframe computer system, handheld computer, workstation, network computer, a camera, a set top box, a mobile device, an augmented reality (AR) and/or virtual reality (VR) headset, a consumer device, video game console, handheld video game device, application server, storage device, a television, a video recording device, a peripheral device such as a switch, modem, router, or in general any type of computing or electronic device. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, computer system  1100  includes one or more processors  1102  coupled to a system memory  1104  via an input/output (I/O) interface  1106 . Computer system  1100  further includes one or more cameras  1108  coupled to the I/O interface  1106 . Computer system  1100  further includes a network interface  1110  coupled to I/O interface  1106 , and one or more input/output devices  1112 , such as cursor control device  1114 , keyboard  1116 , and display(s)  1118 . In some cases, it is contemplated that embodiments may be implemented using a single instance of computer system  1100 , while in other embodiments multiple such systems, or multiple nodes making up computer system  1100 , may be configured to host different portions or instances of embodiments. For example, in one embodiment some elements may be implemented via one or more nodes of computer system  1100  that are distinct from those nodes implementing other elements. 
     In various embodiments, computer system  1100  may be a uniprocessor system including one processor  1102 , or a multiprocessor system including several processors  1102  (e.g., two, four, eight, or another suitable number). Processors  1102  may be any suitable processor capable of executing instructions. For example, in various embodiments processors  1102  may be general-purpose or embedded processors implementing any of a variety of instruction set architectures (ISAs), such as the x86, PowerPC, SPARC, or MIPS ISAs, or any other suitable ISA. In multiprocessor systems, each of processors  1102  may commonly, but not necessarily, implement the same ISA. 
     System memory  1104  may be configured to store program instructions  1120  accessible by processor  1102 . In various embodiments, system memory  1104  may be implemented using any suitable memory technology, such as static random access memory (SRAM), synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM), nonvolatile/Flash-type memory, or any other type of memory. Additionally, existing camera control data  1122  of memory  1104  may include any of the information or data structures described above. In some embodiments, program instructions  1120  and/or data  1122  may be received, sent or stored upon different types of computer-accessible media or on similar media separate from system memory  1104  or computer system  1100 . In various embodiments, some or all of the functionality described herein may be implemented via such a computer system  1100 . 
     In one embodiment, I/O interface  1106  may be configured to coordinate I/O traffic between processor  1102 , system memory  1104 , and any peripheral devices in the device, including network interface  1110  or other peripheral interfaces, such as input/output devices  1112 . In some embodiments, I/O interface  1106  may perform any necessary protocol, timing or other data transformations to convert data signals from one component (e.g., system memory  1104  into a format suitable for use by another component (e.g., processor  1102 ). In some embodiments, I/O interface  1106  may include support for devices attached through various types of peripheral buses, such as a variant of the Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus standard or the Universal Serial Bus (USB) standard, for example. In some embodiments, the function of I/O interface  1106  may be split into two or more separate components, such as a north bridge and a south bridge, for example. Also, in some embodiments some or all of the functionality of I/O interface  1106 , such as an interface to system memory  1104 , may be incorporated directly into processors  1102 . 
     Network interface  1110  may be configured to allow data to be exchanged between computer system  1100  and other devices attached to a network  1124  (e.g., carrier or agent devices) or between nodes of computer system  1100 . Network  1124  may in various embodiments include one or more networks including but not limited to Local Area Networks (LANs) (e.g., an Ethernet or corporate network), Wide Area Networks (WANs) (e.g., the Internet), wireless data networks, some other electronic data network, or some combination thereof. In various embodiments, network interface  1110  may support communication via wired or wireless general data networks, such as any suitable type of Ethernet network, for example; via telecommunications/telephony networks such as analog voice networks or digital fiber communications networks; via storage area networks such as Fibre Channel SANs, or via any other suitable type of network and/or protocol. 
     Input/output device(s)  1112  may, in some embodiments, include one or more display terminals, keyboards, keypads, touchpads, scanning devices, voice or optical recognition devices, or any other devices suitable for entering or accessing data by one or more computer systems  1100 . Multiple input/output devices  1112  may be present in computer system  1100  or may be distributed on various nodes of computer system  1100 . In some embodiments, similar input/output devices may be separate from computer system  1100  and may interact with one or more nodes of computer system  1100  through a wired or wireless connection, such as over network interface  1110 . 
     Those skilled in the art will appreciate that computer system  1100  is merely illustrative and is not intended to limit the scope of embodiments. In particular, the computer system and devices may include any combination of hardware or software that can perform the indicated functions, including computers, network devices, Internet appliances, PDAs, wireless phones, pagers, etc. Computer system  1100  may also be connected to other devices that are not illustrated, or instead may operate as a stand-alone system. In addition, the functionality provided by the illustrated components may in some embodiments be combined in fewer components or distributed in additional components. Similarly, in some embodiments, the functionality of some of the illustrated components may not be provided and/or other additional functionality may be available. 
     Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that, while various items are illustrated as being stored in memory or on storage while being used, these items or portions of them may be transferred between memory and other storage devices for purposes of memory management and data integrity. Alternatively, in other embodiments some or all of the software components may execute in memory on another device and communicate with the illustrated computer system via inter-computer communication. Some or all of the system components or data structures may also be stored (e.g., as instructions or structured data) on a computer-accessible medium or a portable article to be read by an appropriate drive, various examples of which are described above. In some embodiments, instructions stored on a computer-accessible medium separate from computer system  1100  may be transmitted to computer system  1100  via transmission media or signals such as electrical, electromagnetic, or digital signals, conveyed via a communication medium such as a network and/or a wireless link. Various embodiments may further include receiving, sending or storing instructions and/or data implemented in accordance with the foregoing description upon a computer-accessible medium. Generally speaking, a computer-accessible medium may include a non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium or memory medium such as magnetic or optical media, e.g., disk or DVD/CD-ROM, volatile or non-volatile media such as RAM (e.g., SDRAM, DDR, RDRAM, SRAM, etc.), ROM, etc. In some embodiments, a computer-accessible medium may include transmission media or signals such as electrical, electromagnetic, or digital signals, conveyed via a communication medium such as network and/or a wireless link. 
     The methods described herein may be implemented in software, hardware, or a combination thereof, in different embodiments. In addition, the order of the blocks of the methods may be changed, and various elements may be added, reordered, combined, omitted, modified, etc. Various modifications and changes may be made as would be obvious to a person skilled in the art having the benefit of this disclosure. The various embodiments described herein are meant to be illustrative and not limiting. Many variations, modifications, additions, and improvements are possible. Accordingly, plural instances may be provided for components described herein as a single instance. Boundaries between various components, operations and data stores are somewhat arbitrary, and particular operations are illustrated in the context of specific illustrative configurations. Other allocations of functionality are envisioned and may fall within the scope of claims that follow. Finally, structures and functionality presented as discrete components in the example configurations may be implemented as a combined structure or component. These and other variations, modifications, additions, and improvements may fall within the scope of embodiments as defined in the claims that follow.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20220415
Publication Date: 20241029
Grant Date: 20241029
Priority Date: 20220415
Inventors: SHAH, PAULOM
HUBERT, Aurelien R
JEONG, HO SEOP
VITTU, JULIEN C
YANG, QIANG
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G02B7/025", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H02K41/0354", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B13/36", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B7/022", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B17/08", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B7/14", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B13/36", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B7/022", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H02K41/0354", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B17/08", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B7/14", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H02K41/0354", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B17/08", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B13/36", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B7/022", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B7/14", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 93217105