PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-10409391-B2
Application Number: US-201615258863-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Keyboard with adaptive input row

Abstract:
Embodiments related to an electronic device having an adaptive input row. The adaptive input row may be positioned within an opening of a device and include a cover for receiving a touch and a display that is configured to present an adaptable set of indicia. The adaptive input row may also include one or more sensors for detecting the location of a touch and/or the magnitude of a force of the touch. The adaptive input row may be positioned adjacent or proximate to a keyboard of the electronic device.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A laptop computer comprising:
 a housing comprising:
 an upper portion; and 
 a lower portion pivotally coupled to the upper portion, the lower portion having an opening; 
 
 a primary display positioned at least partially within the upper portion of the housing; 
 a keyboard positioned at least partially within the lower portion of the housing; 
 an adaptive input row positioned at least partially within the opening of the lower portion of the housing and along a first side of the keyboard and comprising:
 a cover for receiving a touch, wherein an edge of the cover is spaced apart from a side of the opening of the lower portion; 
 a display positioned below the cover and configured to present an adaptable set of indicia; and 
 a touch sensor configured to detect a location of the touch; and 
 
 a touch input device positioned along a second side of the keyboard opposite to the adaptive input row. 
 
     
     
       2. The laptop computer of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the adaptive input row is positioned adjacent to a number row of the keyboard; and 
 wherein the second side of the keyboard is a lower side of the keyboard. 
 
     
     
       3. The laptop computer of  claim 1 , wherein:
 multiple user-input regions are defined along a length of the cover; 
 a first user-input region of the multiple user-input regions is responsive to the touch in a first input mode; and 
 the first user-input region is not responsive to the touch in a second input mode. 
 
     
     
       4. The laptop computer of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the laptop computer further comprises a force sensor that is configured to detect a magnitude of a force of the touch; 
 the force sensor is positioned below the display; and 
 the force sensor includes a first pair of capacitive electrodes separated by a compressible layer. 
 
     
     
       5. The laptop computer of  claim 4 , wherein the force sensor is configured to provide a seal to prevent an ingress of moisture or liquid into an internal volume of the adaptive input row. 
     
     
       6. The laptop computer of  claim 4 , wherein:
 the first pair of capacitive electrodes is disposed at a first end of the display; 
 the adaptive input row further comprises a second pair of capacitive electrodes disposed at a second end of the display; 
 the laptop computer further comprises a sensor circuit operatively coupled to the first and second pairs of capacitive electrodes; and 
 the sensor circuit is configured to output a signal that corresponds to the location of the touch on the cover based on a relative amount of deflection between the first and second pairs of capacitive electrodes. 
 
     
     
       7. The laptop computer of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the laptop computer further comprises a force sensor that is configured to detect a magnitude of a force of the touch; 
 the force sensor is positioned below the display; and 
 the force sensor comprises an array of force-sensitive structures arranged along a length of the adaptive input row. 
 
     
     
       8. The laptop computer of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 a processing unit positioned within the housing; and 
 wherein the primary display is configured to display a graphical-user interface generated by the processing unit. 
 
     
     
       9. The laptop computer of  claim 1 , wherein the touch input device comprises a track pad having a selection button. 
     
     
       10. A laptop computer comprising:
 a housing comprising:
 an upper portion; and 
 a lower portion pivotally coupled to the upper portion, the lower portion having an opening; 
 
 a primary display coupled to the upper portion of the housing; 
 a set of alpha-numeric keys coupled to the lower portion of the housing; and 
 an adaptive input row positioned at least partially within the opening of the lower portion of the housing and adjacent to the set of alpha-numeric keys and comprising:
 a cover; 
 a gap formed between an edge of the opening of the lower portion of the housing and the cover; 
 a display positioned below the cover; and 
 a sensor configured to detect a location of a touch on the cover, wherein: 
 
 the display is configured to display a first set of indicia when the adaptive input row is operated in a first input mode; 
 output from the sensor is interpreted as a first set of commands when the adaptive input row is in the first input mode; 
 the display is configured to display a second set of indicia when the adaptive input row is operated in a second input mode; and 
 output from the sensor is interpreted as a second set of commands when in the second input mode. 
 
     
     
       11. The laptop computer of  claim 10 , wherein the adaptive input row includes a touch-sensitive region that extends beyond a display region illuminated by the display. 
     
     
       12. The laptop computer of  claim 11 , wherein, in response to the touch being located within the touch-sensitive region, the adaptive input row is operable to change the display from the first set of indicia to a third set of indicia. 
     
     
       13. The laptop computer of  claim 10 , wherein:
 a set of programmably defined regions is defined along a length of the adaptive input row; and 
 the first and second set of indicia are displayed over the set of programmably defined regions. 
 
     
     
       14. The laptop computer of  claim 10 , wherein the first set of indicia includes an animated indicium that is responsive to the touch on the cover. 
     
     
       15. The laptop computer of  claim 10 , wherein the sensor is configured to differentiate between:
 a touch gesture input in which the touch is moved across at least a portion of the cover; 
 a forceful touch input in which the touch exerts a force that exceeds a threshold; or 
 a multi-touch input in which multiple touches contact the cover. 
 
     
     
       16. A laptop computer comprising:
 a housing comprising:
 an upper portion; and 
 a lower portion pivotally coupled to the upper portion; 
 
 a primary display positioned within the upper portion of the housing; 
 a keyboard having a set of keys positioned within the lower portion of the housing; 
 an adaptive input row positioned within the lower portion of the housing and along a side of the set of keys, the adaptive input row comprising:
 a cover forming a portion of an exterior surface of the laptop computer, wherein a gap is formed laterally between an edge of the cover and the lower portion of the housing; 
 a display positioned below the cover; and 
 a sensor configured to detect a touch within a programmably defined region on the cover. 
 
 
     
     
       17. The laptop computer of  claim 16 , wherein:
 the sensor comprises a capacitive touch sensor formed from an array of capacitive nodes; and 
 the programmably defined region includes a touch-sensitive area detectable by multiple capacitive nodes. 
 
     
     
       18. The laptop computer of  claim 16 , wherein the sensor comprises two or more force-sensitive structures configured to detect a location of the touch along a length of the cover and a force of the touch. 
     
     
       19. The laptop computer of  claim 16 , wherein:
 the sensor comprises a force-sensitive structure that is disposed about a perimeter of the display; and 
 the force-sensitive structure comprises:
 an upper capacitive electrode; 
 a lower capacitive electrode; and 
 a compressible layer positioned between the upper and lower capacitive electrodes. 
 
 
     
     
       20. The laptop computer of  claim 19 , wherein the force-sensitive structure forms a protective seal around the display. 
     
     
       21. An electronic device, comprising:
 a housing; 
 a primary display positioned within a first portion of the housing; 
 a keyboard having a set of keys positioned within a second portion of the housing; 
 an adaptive input row positioned within the second portion of the housing and along a side of the set of keys and comprising:
 a cover forming a portion of an exterior surface of the electronic device; 
 a display positioned below the cover; and 
 a sensor configured to detect a touch within a programmably defined region on the cover; 
 a flexible conduit operatively coupled to the display and the sensor, the flexible conduit passing through an opening in the housing located proximate to an end of the adaptive input row; 
 a gasket positioned about the flexible conduit to form a seal between the flexible conduit and the opening.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S) 
     This application is a nonprovisional patent application of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/234,950, filed Sep. 30, 2015 and titled “Keyboard with Adaptive Input Row,” the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     FIELD 
     The described embodiments relate generally to user-input devices. More particularly, the present embodiments relate to an adaptive input row for receiving various types of user input. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Traditionally, user input to a computer system includes a keyboard having dedicated keys or buttons. The operation of each key or button may be tied to a particular function or command. However, traditional keyboard systems lack the flexibility to accommodate expansive features offered by newer devices, operating systems, and software. A traditional keyboard may include some keys that may be used to perform multiple or alternative functions by pressing the key at the same time as a “shift” or “function” button. However, such configurations provide limited flexibility and can be awkward or non-intuitive for a user to operate. 
     SUMMARY 
     Some example embodiments are directed to an electronic device having an adaptive input row. The device may include a housing that defines an opening and an adaptive input row that is positioned within the opening. The adaptive input row may include a cover for receiving a touch, and a display positioned below the cover and configured to present an adaptable set of indicia. The adaptive input row may also include a touch sensor configured to detect the location of the touch, and a force sensor configured to detect a magnitude of a force of the touch. The device may also include a set of keys positioned proximate to the adaptive input row. In some embodiments, the adaptive input row is positioned adjacent to a number row of the set of keys. 
     In some embodiments, the device may also include a processing unit positioned within the housing, and a primary display positioned at least partially within the housing and configured to display a graphical-user interface executed by the processing unit. In some embodiments, the display is an organic light-emitting diode display. The electronic device may be a keyboard device. 
     In some embodiments, multiple user-input regions are defined along a length of the cover. A first user-input region of the multiple user-input regions may be responsive to the touch in a first input mode, and may not be responsive to the touch in a second input mode. 
     In some embodiments, the force sensor is positioned below the display. The force sensor may include a pair of capacitive electrodes separated by a compressible layer. In some embodiments, the force sensor is configured to provide a seal to prevent an ingress of moisture or liquid into an internal volume of the adaptive input row. In some embodiments, the pair of capacitive electrodes is a first pair of capacitive electrodes disposed at a first end of the display. The adaptive input row may also include a second pair of capacitive electrodes disposed at a second end of the display. In some embodiments, the electronic device further comprises sensor circuitry operatively coupled to the first and second pairs of capacitive electrodes. The sensor circuitry may be configured to output a signal that corresponds to a location of the touch on the cover based on a relative amount of deflection between the first and second pairs of capacitive electrodes. 
     In some embodiments, the force sensor is positioned below the display. The force sensor may include an array of force-sensitive structures arranged along a length of the adaptive input row. 
     Some example embodiments are directed to a user input device that includes a set of alpha-numeric keys, and an adaptive input row positioned adjacent the set of alpha-numeric keys. The adaptive input row may include a cover, a display positioned below the cover, and a sensor configured to detect a location of a touch on the cover. The display may be configured to display a first set of indicia when the device is operated in a first output mode. Touch output from the sensor may be interpreted as a first set of commands when in the first input mode. The display may be configured to display a second set of indicia when the device is operated in a second output mode. Touch output from the sensor may be interpreted as a second set of commands when in the second input mode. In some embodiments, the adaptive input row includes a touch-sensitive region that extends beyond a display region positioned over the display. 
     In some embodiments, a set of programmably defined regions is defined along a length of the adaptive input row. The first and second sets of indicia may be displayed over the same set of programmably defined regions. In some embodiments, the first set of indicia includes an animated indicia that is responsive to the touch on the cover. 
     In some embodiments, the touch on the cover includes a touch gesture input in which the touch is moved across at least a portion of the cover. The touch may also include a forceful touch input in which the touch exerts a force that exceeds a threshold. The touch may also include a multi-touch input in which multiple touches contact the cover. 
     Some example embodiments are directed to an electronic device including a housing, a primary display positioned within a first opening of the housing, and a keyboard having a set of keys protruding through a set of openings in the housing. The device may also include an adaptive input row positioned within a second opening of the housing adjacent to the set of keys. The adaptive input row may include a cover forming a portion of an exterior surface of the electronic device and a display positioned below the cover. The adaptive input row may also include a sensor configured to detect a touch within a programmably defined region on the cover. 
     In some embodiments, the sensor comprises a capacitive touch sensor formed from an array of capacitive nodes. The programmably defined region may include a touch-sensitive area detectable by multiple capacitive nodes. In some embodiments, the sensor comprises a capacitive touch sensor configured to detect a touch gesture on the cover. Additionally or alternatively, the sensor may include two or more force-sensitive structures that are configured to detect a location of the touch along the length of the cover and a force of the touch. 
     In some embodiments, the sensor comprises a force-sensitive structure that is disposed about the perimeter of the display. The force-sensitive structure may include an upper capacitive electrode, a lower capacitive electrode, and a compressible layer positioned between the upper and lower capacitive electrodes. In some embodiments, the force-sensitive structure forms a protective seal around the display. 
     In some embodiments, the electronic device further comprises a flexible conduit operatively coupled to the display and sensor. The flexible conduit may pass through a third opening in the housing located proximate to an end of the adaptive input row. The electronic device may also include a gasket positioned about the flexible conduit to form a seal between the flexible conduit and the third opening. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The disclosure will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like structural elements, and in which: 
         FIG. 1  depicts an example device having a keyboard and an adaptive input row. 
         FIGS. 2A-2J  depict example embodiments for uses of an adaptive input row. 
         FIG. 3  depicts an exploded view of a simplified adaptive input row. 
         FIGS. 4A-4F  depict cross-sectional views of example embodiments of an input row stackup. 
         FIG. 5A  depicts a side view of an adaptive input row having an example force layer. 
         FIG. 5B  depicts a side view of an adaptive input row having another example force layer. 
         FIGS. 6A-6B  depict side views of an adaptive input row having another example force layer. 
         FIG. 6C  depicts a cross-sectional view of the example force layers of  FIG. 6B . 
         FIG. 7  depicts another example device having an adaptive input row. 
         FIG. 8  depicts another example device with an adaptive input row. 
         FIG. 9  depicts an example electronic device. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Reference will now be made in detail to representative embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the following descriptions are not intended to limit the embodiments to one preferred embodiment. To the contrary, it is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as can be included within the spirit and scope of the described embodiments as defined by the appended claims. 
     The following disclosure relates to an electronic device having a keyboard or similar user-input device that includes an adaptive input row. The adaptive input row may include a display used to present a set of indicia or visual cues that correspond to a set of adaptive commands or functions. The adaptive input row may be responsive to a user touch, allowing selection of one or more of the set of adaptive commands or functions. The adaptive input row may be positioned above the set of alpha-numeric keys in the place of a traditional function row on a keyboard. In some cases, the adaptive input row can be used to perform the same functionality as a traditional function row, as well as perform an expanded and diverse set of commands and functions as described herein. 
     Some example embodiments are directed to an adaptive input row having a display that is configured to produce an adaptable set of visual indicia that correspond to an input mode of the adaptive input row. The indicia on the display may correspond to one or more of the following: a hardware-dependent input mode used to control one or more devices or hardware elements; a software-dependent input mode used to control one or more aspects of a software program being executed on the device; a user-defined mode that is configurable by the user; and other input mode examples which are described herein. The display may be used to present a set of static indicia, one or more animated indicia, or a combination of static and animated indicia. 
     The display may be integrated with one or more touch sensors and/or force sensors that are configured to detect various combinations of user touch and force input on the surface of the adaptive input row. The touch and/or force sensors may provide a touch-sensitive surface that is configured to detect the location of a touch, a magnitude of a touch, and/or a movement of the touch along the adaptive input row. The touch and/or force sensors may be used in combination or together to interpret a broad range of user touch configurations, including touch gestures, multi-touch input, and variable force input. 
     Some example embodiments are directed to an input row stack that includes a display positioned below a cover. The input row stack may also include one or both of a touch sensor and a force sensor. The touch and/or force sensor may be used to determine the position of a touch along the length of the row. In some implementations, the input row includes a touch-sensitive region that extends beyond a display region. The extended region may be used to perform dedicated functions or operations. 
     These and other embodiments are discussed below with reference to  FIGS. 1-8 . However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the detailed description given herein with respect to these Figures is for explanatory purposes only and should not be construed as limiting. 
       FIG. 1  depicts an example device having an adaptive input row. In the present embodiment, the device  100  is a notebook computing device that includes an adaptive input row  110 , keyboard  120  and a primary display  130  all positioned at least partially within a housing  102 . Other example devices may include a desktop computing system, a standalone keyboard, a tablet computing system, and so on. Additional example devices are described below with respect to  FIGS. 6 and 7 . Example internal components of the device  100  are described below with respect to  FIG. 8 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , the device  100  includes an adaptive input row  110  positioned along a surface of a housing  102  above the keyboard  120 . In the present example, the adaptive input row  110  is positioned adjacent to the portion of the keyboard  120  that typically includes a row of number keys. This position of the adaptive input row  110  can also be described as being along a side of the keyboard  120  that is opposite to the user. In some cases, the adaptive input row  110  is positioned in the location ordinarily occupied by the function row of a traditional keyboard. However, the position and arrangement of the adaptive input row  110  may vary in different embodiments. For example, the adaptive input row may be positioned along the side of the keyboard  120 , adjacent to a bottom of the keyboard  120 , or located in another region of the device  100  that is not proximate to the keyboard  120 . 
     The adaptive input row  110  may have a color and/or finish that matches the color and/or finish of the housing  102 . For example, the adaptive input row  110  may be painted or otherwise treated to match the color and appearance of an aluminum or plastic housing  102 . In some embodiments, a border region is formed around the perimeter of the adaptive input row  110  that is configured to substantially match the appearance of the housing  102 , while a central portion of the adaptive input row  110  is transparent to facilitate the presentation of graphics and symbols. 
     The adaptive input row  110  may be configured to operate as a single-dimensional, touch-sensitive surface. For example, the adaptive input row  110  may be touch-sensitive and include either or both of a touch sensor or a force sensor that is configured to determine the location of a touch along the length of the adaptive input row  110 . As described in more detail below with respect to  FIGS. 2A-2F , the adaptive input row  110  may be configured to receive a wide variety of touch and/or force inputs, which may be used to interpret a diverse set of commands or operations. In this example, the adaptive input row  110  has a width that is approximately the same as the width of the keys of the keyboard  120 . While the adaptive input row  110  may be sized to accept an object of approximately the width of a fingertip, the adaptive input row  110  may be configured to recognize some small movements in directions that are transverse to the length of the adaptive input row  110 . 
     The adaptive input row  110  may include an adaptable display and be configured to receive touch input from the user. The adaptable display may be a self-illuminated or illuminated display that is configured to present different sets of visual indicia depending on the input mode of the adaptive input row  110 . The visual indicia may correspond to a function or command, which may also change depending on the input mode. Thus, touch selection of the same region of the adaptive input row  110  may initiate or trigger a wide variety of functions or commands. Several non-limiting example scenarios are described below with respect to  FIGS. 2A-2F . Various example adaptive input row stack-ups are also provided below with respect to  FIGS. 3, 4A-4F, 5A-5B, and 6A-6C . 
     In the example of  FIG. 1 , the device  100  includes a housing  102 . The housing may include an upper portion  102   a  pivotally coupled to a lower portion  102   b . The pivotal coupling may allow the housing  102  to move between an open position (shown in  FIG. 1 ) and a closed position. In the open position, the user can access the keyboard  120  and view the primary display  130 . In the closed position, the upper portion  102   a  may be folded to come into contact with the lower portion  102   b  to hide or protect the keyboard  120  and the primary display  130 . In some implementations, the upper portion  102   a  is detachable from the lower portion  102   b.    
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , the device  100  includes a keyboard  120  positioned at least partially within the lower portion  102   b  of the housing  102 . In some embodiments, the lower portion  102   b  includes a web portion that includes multiple openings through which each of the keys of the keyboard  120  protrude. In some embodiments, the keyboard  120  is positioned within a single large opening in the lower portion  102   b . In one example, each of the keys is an electromechanical switch that is electrically actuated when a user depresses a key mechanism past an actuation point or threshold. The keys of the keyboard may be actuated by making an electrical contact between two elements, although, in some embodiments, an optical signal, magnetic signal, or other type of actuation may be used. 
     The device  100  includes a primary display  130  that is positioned at least partially within an opening of the upper portion  102   a  of the housing  102 . The primary display  130  may be operatively coupled to one or more processing units of the device  100  and used to display a graphical-user interface being generated using the one or more processing units. In some embodiments, the primary display  130  functions as the main monitor for a computing operating system to display the main graphical output for the device  100 . The primary display  130  may also be used to display the user interface associated with one or more programs executed on the processing units of the device  100 . For example, the primary display  130  may display a word processing user interface, a spreadsheet user interface, a web browsing user interface, and so on. 
     The device  100  may also include various other components or devices depicted or not depicted in  FIG. 1 . In particular, the device  100  may include a track pad  104  for receiving touch input from a user. The track pad  104  may be positioned along a surface of the lower portion  102   b  along a side of the keyboard  120  opposite to the adaptive input row  110 . The track pad  104  may be used to control or guide a cursor or pointer displayed on the primary display  130 . The track pad  104  may also be used to control the location of a caret in a word processing user interface, the location of an active cell in a spreadsheet user interface, or select text in a web browser user interface. 
     Below the track pad  104 , the device may include one or more selection buttons  106 . The selection button  106  may be used to select items or objects displayed on the primary display  130 . The selection button  106  may be used, for example, to select an item displayed under or proximate to the cursor or pointer controlled by the track pad  104 . In some cases, the selection button  106  is an electromechanical button that is actuated by depressing the selection button  106  past a threshold position. The selection button  106  may also be an electronic button that is actuated by pressing a region with a force that is greater than a threshold or actuation force. In such cases, the selection button  106  may not actually displace a perceptible amount when actuated. 
     The device  100  also includes one or more ports  108  or electrical connectors positioned along one or more sides of the housing  102 . The ports  108  may include, for example, a USB connection port, an IEEE 1394 data port, audio connection port, video connection port, or other electrical hardware port that is configured to transmit and/or receive signals or data. The ports  108  may also include a power connection port that is configured to receive electrical power from an external source such as a wall outlet or other power source. 
     In general, the adaptive input row may provide an expandable or adaptable user input for the device. In particular, an adaptive input row having a display, a touch sensor and/or a force sensor may be configured to receive user input for a wide range of scenarios.  FIGS. 2A-2F  depict example embodiments of an adaptive input row and how it may be used to interpret a wide variety of user input. 
       FIG. 2A  depicts an example partial view of an adaptive input row  200  positioned above or adjacent a set of keys  220  of a keyboard. In this example, the adaptive input row  200  is displaying a set of indicia  201 - 204  that corresponds to various functions or operations. The set of indicia  201 - 204  may be displayed in accordance with a first input mode, such as a function-row input mode. The function-row input mode may, for example, be the default or initial input mode of the adaptive input row  200 . 
     The adaptive input row  200  may include a set of programmably defined regions  211 - 214 , each associated with a respective indicium of the set of indicia  201 - 204 . Each region  211 - 214  may be defined as the area above and immediately surrounding a respective indicium  201 - 204 . In this example, each region  211 - 214  is defined as a substantially rectangular region that abuts an adjacent region along the length of the adaptive input row  200 . The approximate border between the regions is indicated by a short line segment, as shown in  FIG. 2A . However, it is not necessary that the borders of the regions  211 - 214  be visually marked or designated. It is also not necessary that the regions  211 - 214  be rectangular in shape or be directly abutting each other. For example, in some embodiments, the regions  211 - 214  may be oval or rounded in shape and be separated by a small gap or region that is not associated with an indicium. 
     As shown in  FIG. 2A , the adaptive input row  200  includes a touch-sensitive region  210  that is not associated with a respective indicium. In some embodiments, the touch-sensitive region  210  may not include any display or illumination capacity. While the adaptive input row  200  may not display an indicium or symbol, the touch-sensitive region  210  may still be associated with one or more functions or operations. For example, the touch-sensitive region  210  may be operable, when touched, to perform an “illuminate” function that causes the other indicia  201 - 204  of the adaptive input row  200  to become illuminated. Similarly, the touch-sensitive region  210  may be operable, when touched, to change the indicia or graphical output on other programmably defined regions  211 - 214  of the adaptive input row  200 . For example, in response to a touch within the touch-sensitive region  210 , the adaptive input row  200  may be configured to change the set of indicia  201 - 204  from a first set indicia to a second, different set of indicia. In some cases, the touch-sensitive region  210  may be operable to change between different input modes of the adaptive input row  200 . The touch-sensitive region  210  may also be operable to perform a “wake” function that activates the adaptive input row  200 , the keyboard, and/or the device. In some embodiments, the touch-sensitive region  210  is at least partially illuminated by a backlight to provide a glow or other visual indicator. In some embodiments, the touch-sensitive region  210  includes one or more indelible markings, such as a printed border, symbol, or shaded region. 
     The indicia that are displayed and the respective regions may vary depending on the input mode of the adaptive input row  200 . In the example input mode of  FIG. 2A , the set of indicia may include a set of function icons  202  (“F1”),  203  (“F2”), and  204  (“F3”). The function icons  202 - 204  may correspond to functionality traditionally associated with the function-number keys (e.g., F1 through F12) on a traditional keyboard. The functionality assigned to these icons  202 - 204  may be defined by the operating system or other software running on the device. A user may initiate or execute the assigned functionality by touching the respective region  212 - 214  associated with one of the function icons  202 - 204 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 2A , the adaptive input row  200  may also display an indicium  201  that, in this example, is depicted as a volume icon. The indicium may correspond to the volume control of a speaker contained within or controlled by the device. A touch on the region  211  corresponding to the indicium  201  may initiate a volume control function or operation. 
     In particular,  FIG. 2B  depicts another (second) input mode that may be invoked in response to, for example, the touch of an object  225  (e.g., a finger) on the region  211 . In the second input mode depicted in  FIG. 2B , the programmably defined regions  211 - 214  remain in the same location and a different set of indicia  201 ,  205 ,  206 , and  204  are displayed. The set of indicia associated in the second input mode may include both changed indicia and indicia that may stay the same. For example, the indicia  201  and  204  remain displayed in their respective regions  211  and  214 . However, different indicia  205  and  206  are displayed within regions  212  and  213 , respectively. 
     The new or changed indicia may correspond to the user selection, which in this example may be interpreted as a request to control speaker hardware settings (e.g., volume control). Accordingly, the indicia  205  and  206  are associated with hardware control functionality, specifically, volume down (“−”) and volume up (“+”) speaker controls. While these are provided as example hardware control features, other icon arrangements or functionality may also be provided. 
     With respect to the example second input mode of  FIG. 2B , the touch-sensitive region  210  may remain associated with the same function or operation assigned with the input mode of  FIG. 2A . That is, the touch-sensitive region  210  may be assigned an “illuminate,” “wake,” or other similar operation and may be illuminated. Alternatively, the touch-sensitive region  210  may become un-illuminated or darkened in accordance with the second input mode due to the adaptive input row  200  being in a currently active state. 
       FIG. 2C  depicts another example (third) input mode that may be invoked in response to a user selection or other triggering event. As shown in  FIG. 2C , another (third) set of indicia may be displayed in accordance with the third input mode. Specifically, a first indicium  215  may include a mute/unmute symbol, a second indicium  216  may include a volume down symbol, and a third indicium  217  may include a volume up symbol. A touch on each of the regions associated with indicia  215 - 217  may be interpreted as a command to perform the corresponding function (e.g., mute/unmute, decrease volume, increase volume). 
     The third input mode depicted in  FIG. 2C  also includes a fourth indicium  218 , which may include a graduated indicator symbol. The fourth indicium  218  may be displayed within a corresponding region  219  that is configured to receive a touch gesture input. For example, a sliding touch to the left or right within region  219  may result in a corresponding volume adjustment, either up or down, depending on the direction of the sliding touch. Thus, the adaptive input row  200  may be used to provide a variable level of control that corresponds to or is scaled with respect to an amount of movement of a gesture or other touch input. 
       FIG. 2D  depicts another example input mode including a set of indicia  221 ,  222 ,  223  that is associated with an application software functionality and/or user interface. In the present example, the input mode of  FIG. 2D  is associated with an e-mail application software program that may be currently being executed on the device. The indicium  222  may include an envelope having a number indicating a number of unread e-mails. A user selection on the region  227 , corresponding to indicium  222 , may be interpreted as a request to read new or recent e-mail messages. Accordingly, the device may display a user interface having new or recent e-mail messages, in response to a touch selection on region  227 . The indicium  223  may include a sheet of paper and pencil representing a command to open a new e-mail. Accordingly, a user selection on region  228 , corresponding to indicium  223 , may result in a new e-mail being opened and displayed on the primary display of the device ( 130  of  FIG. 1 ). The example of  FIG. 2D  also includes indicium  221 , which may indicate the type of application software (“EMAIL”) associated with the current input mode of the adaptive input row  200 . 
     In some implementations of the input mode of  FIG. 2D , some of the regions may be active or touch-sensitive and other regions may be inactive. For example, regions  227  and  228  may be active or touch-sensitive in accordance with the description provided above. That is, a touch on either region  227  or region  228  may result in a command or function being executed or performed. In contrast, region  226  may be inactive in the present input mode. That is, a touch on region  221  may not result in a command or function being executed or performed. Because the regions of an input mode are programmably defined, nearly any portion of the adaptive input row may be selectively designated as either active or inactive in accordance with the input mode. 
       FIG. 2E  depicts another example input mode that may be implemented using the adaptive input row  200 . The example input mode may include the display of an indicium  232  that may be animated or modified in accordance with a movement of an object  234  (e.g., a finger) across the adaptive input row  200 . Specifically, the adaptive input row  200  includes a slider having a slider node  233  that may be translated along the length of the adaptive input row  200  in accordance with the movement of the touch of the object  234 . In the present example, a sliding gesture across the adaptive input row  200  results in an animated indicium  232  having a slider node  233  that follows or tracks the movement of the object  234 . 
       FIG. 2E  provides another example in which a gesture input over a region  231  may be provided to the adaptive input row  200  to provide a variable or scaled operation. The slider-type indicium  232  of  FIG. 2E  may be used to control a scalable or variable operation, such as a horizontal scroll across a document or user interface. In this case, the amount of scrolling may correspond to an amount of movement of the object  234 . 
       FIG. 2F  depicts another example input mode using the adaptive input row  200 . The example input mode may include an indicium  235  that is animated to prompt or guide the user. In this example, the indicium  235  is a crescent that is animated in motion along path  236  from left to right across the adaptive input row  200 . The animated crescent  235  may prompt or guide the user to region  237 , which may be a touch-sensitive or activated region on the adaptive input row  200 . 
       FIGS. 2G-2J  depict various example types of touch input that may be provided to the adaptive input row. In general, the touch input may include one or more types of touch interactions including, for example, a touch, a forceful touch, a gesture, or any combination thereof. 
     As shown in  FIG. 2G , the adaptive input row  200  may be configured to receive and detect the force of a touch provided by an object  240  (e.g., a finger) placed in contact with the adaptive input row  200 . As described in more detail below with respect to  FIGS. 3, 4A-4F, 5A-5B , and  6 A- 6 C, the adaptive input row  200  may include a force sensor that is configured to detect an amount of force applied to the adaptive input row  200 . In some embodiments, the force sensor of the adaptive input row  200  may be used to detect whether an applied force exceeds a threshold in order to distinguish between a light touch and a forceful touch. In many embodiments, the output of the force sensor is non-binary and corresponds to the amount or degree of force applied. Thus, more than one threshold may be used to define multiple levels of input force. Additionally, the force sensor may be used to generate a continuously varying signal that corresponds to the amount of force applied to the adaptive input row  200 , which may be used to control a variable or scalable function or operation. 
     In some embodiments, a visual response  241  is produced by the adaptive input row  200  in response to a touch or a force being applied by the object  240 . The visual response  241  may, in some cases, include an animation or other visual effect. For example, the visual response  241  may include a ripple or wave animation in response to a touch by the object  240 . In some implementations, the visual response  241  may include an animation (e.g., a wave or ripple) indicating that the force of the touch has exceeded a threshold. A touch having a force that exceeds a threshold may be used to invoke alternative or secondary functionality along the adaptive input row  200 . Additionally or alternatively, the force of a touch may be used to provide a variable or scaled input to a function or operation. For example, an amount of scrolling or the size of a selection may be controlled, in part, by modulating the amount of force applied to the adaptive input row  200 . 
     Additionally or alternatively, the adaptive input row  200  may be configured to produce a haptic response in response to a touch or applied force. For example, the adaptive input row  200  may include or be operatively coupled to a vibratory motor or other haptic device that is configured to produce a localized haptic output over a portion of the adaptive input row  200 . The localized haptic output may include an impulse or vibratory response that is perceptible to the touch on the surface of the adaptive input row  200 . The localized haptic output may be attenuated or damped for surfaces of the device other than the adaptive input row  200 . 
       FIG. 2H  depicts an example of a multi-touch input that may be received by the adaptive input row  200 . In the example of  FIG. 2H , a first object  251  (e.g., a first finger) may be used to apply a forceful touch while a second object  252  (e.g., a second finger) may be used to touch and/or perform a gesture. The configuration depicted in  FIG. 2H  may be used to perform one of multiple types of touch input. For example, the forceful touch of the first object  251  may be used to invoke a secondary command, such as a document scroll command. While maintaining the forceful touch, as indicated by the visual response  253 , a gesture may be performed using the second object  252  which may be used as a variable input to the scroll command. For example, the amount of movement across the row provided by the second object  252  may correspond to an amount of scrolling that is performed. 
       FIG. 2I  depicts another example of a multi-touch input that may be received by the adaptive input row  200 . As shown in  FIG. 2I , a first object  261  (e.g., a first finger) and a second object  262  (e.g., a second finger) may perform a coordinated movement or gesture to invoke a command or function. In the present example, the first object  261  and second object  262  may be moved away from each other in opposite directions. This multi-touch gesture may invoke a zoom-in or enlarge command for an object or image displayed using the primary display of the device. Similarly, the first object  261  and second object  262  may be moved toward each other in opposite directions to invoke a zoom-out or reduce command. 
       FIG. 2J  depicts an example of a two-dimensional gesture that may be received by the adaptive input row  200 . In general, due to the long narrow shape of the touch-sensitive surface, adaptive input row  200  may be well-suited to detect single-dimensional (e.g., length-wise) touch location information. However, as shown in  FIG. 2J , the adaptive input row  200  may also be configured to detect a small amount of transverse movement. In the example of  FIG. 2J , the adaptive input row  200  may be configured to determine the transverse (or width-wise) position of an object  271  (e.g., a finger) as it moves along a path  272 . In some embodiments, the adaptive input row  200  may be configured to detect a contoured or curved gesture path  272 . Additionally or alternatively, the adaptive input row  200  may be configured to detect a vertical or width-wise gesture that is performed transverse to the length of the adaptive input row  200 . 
     The ability to determine transverse position may not be limited to gesture input. For example, in some embodiments, more than one programmably defined region may be defined along the width of the adaptive input row  200 . Accordingly, the number of selectable regions may be increased by distinguishing between a touch on an upper region versus a lower region of the adaptive input row  200 . 
     The examples of  FIGS. 2A-2J  are provided by way of example and are not intended to be limiting in nature. Additionally, display features of any one of the examples of  FIGS. 2A-2F  may be combined with any one of the example touch-input examples of  FIGS. 2G-2J . Similarly, one or more features of any one example of  FIGS. 2A-2J  may be combined with one or more features of another example of  FIGS. 2A-2J  to achieve functionality or an input mode not expressly described in a single figure. 
     The flexible and configurable functionality described above with respect to  FIGS. 2A-2J  depends, in part, on the ability to programmably define various touch-sensitive regions across the adaptive input row. The programmably defined touch-sensitive regions may be enabled using one or more sensors that are integrated with the adaptive input row. The sensors may include one or both of a touch sensor and a force sensor. 
       FIG. 3  depicts a simplified exploded view of an adaptive input row  300  having both a touch sensor layer  306  (or touch layer  306 ) and a force sensor layer  308  (or force layer  308 ) positioned under a cover  302 . As shown in the simplified embodiment of  FIG. 3 , the touch layer  306  may be positioned between a display  304  and the cover  302 . The force layer  308  may be positioned on a side of the display  304  opposite to the touch layer  306 . However, the relative position of the various layers may change depending on the embodiment. 
     In the simplified exploded view of  FIG. 3 , the layers are depicted as having approximately the same length. However, in some embodiments, the length of the layers may vary within the stack. For example, the cover  302  and touch layer  306  may be longer than the display  304  and the force layer  308 . In some cases, the cover  302  and the touch layer  306  may be extended to define a touch-sensitive region that is not illuminated by the display  304 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 3 , the touch sensor layer  306  includes an array of sensing nodes  316  that is configured to detect the location of a finger or object on the cover  302 . The array of sensing nodes  316  may operate in accordance with a number of different touch sensing schemes. In some implementations, the touch layer  306  may operate in accordance with a mutual-capacitance sensing scheme. Under this scheme, the touch layer  306  may include two layers of intersecting transparent traces that are configured to detect the location of a touch by monitoring a change in capacitive or charge coupling between pairs of intersecting traces. In another implementation, the touch layer  306  may operate in accordance with a self-capacitive sensing scheme. Under this scheme, the touch layer  306  may include an array of capacitive electrodes or pads that is configured to detect the location of a touch by monitoring a change in self-capacitance of a small field generated by each electrode. In other implementations, a resistive, inductive, or other sensing scheme could also be used. 
     In general, the density or size of the sensing nodes  316  of the touch layer  306  is greater than the size of a typical programmably defined region  310 , which may be sized to receive the touch of a single finger. In some cases, a group of multiple sensing nodes  316  are used to logically define the programmably defined region  310 . Thus, in some embodiments, multiple sensing nodes  316  may be used to detect the location of a single finger. 
     The sensing nodes  316  may be formed by depositing or otherwise fixing a transparent conductive material to a substrate material. Potential substrate materials include, for example, glass or transparent polymers like polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or cyclo-olefin polymer (COP). Example transparent conductive materials include polyethyleneioxythiophene (PEDOT), indium tin oxide (ITO), carbon nanotubes, graphene, piezoresistive semiconductor materials, piezoresistive metal materials, silver nanowire, other metallic nanowires, and the like. The transparent conductors may be applied as a film or may be patterned into an array on the surface of the substrate using a printing, sputtering, or other deposition technique. 
     In some embodiments, the touch layer  306  is formed directly on the cover  302 . Before forming the touch layer  306 , the cover  302  may be strengthened using an ion-exchange or other strengthening treatment process. The touch layer  306  may be formed directly onto the cover  302  using, for example, a stereo lithographic process or other similar technique for forming multiple conductive layers on a substrate. The strengthening and sense-layer-forming processes may be performed on a sheet of material that is larger than the final shape of the cover  302 . Thus, after forming the touch layer  306 , in some instances, the final shape of the cover  302  may be cut from the larger sheet of material. The cover  302  may then be edge ground and otherwise prepared for assembly with other components of the adaptive input row  300 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 3 , the adaptive input row  300  may also include a force layer  308  positioned, in this case, under the display  304 . The force layer  308  may include an array of force nodes  318  which may be used to estimate the magnitude of force applied by one or multiple touches on the cover  302 . Similar to the touch layer  306 , the force layer  308  may include an array of force-sensing structures or force nodes  318 , which may operate in accordance with various force-sensing principles. 
     In some embodiments, the force nodes  318  are formed from a strain-sensitive material, such as a piezoresistive, piezoelectric, or similar material having an electrical property that changes in response to stress, strain, and/or deflection. Example strain-sensitive materials include carbon nanotube materials, graphene-based materials, piezoresistive semiconductors, piezoresistive metals, metal nanowire material, and the like. Each force node  318  may be formed from an individual block of strain-sensitive material that is electrically coupled to sensing circuitry. Alternatively, each force node  318  may be formed from an electrode pair that is positioned on opposite sides or ends of a sheet of a strain-sensitive sheet. 
     In some embodiments, the force nodes  318  are formed from a capacitive force-sensitive structure that includes at least two capacitive plates separated by a compliant or compressible layer. The force of a touch may cause the partial compression or deflection of the compressible layer and may cause the two capacitive plates to move closer together, which may be measured as a change in capacitance using sensing circuitry operatively coupled to each of the force nodes  318 . The change in capacitance, which corresponds to an amount of compression or deflection of the compressible layer, may be correlated to an estimated (applied) force. 
     Alternatively, the force nodes  318  may operate in accordance with an optical or resistive sensing principle, For example, an applied force may cause a compression of a compliant or compressible layer which may be detected using an optical sensor. In some embodiments, compression of the compressible layer may result in contact between two or more layers, which may detected by measuring the continuity or resistance between the layers. 
     The arrangement and density of the force nodes  318  may vary depending on the implementation. For example, if it not necessary to resolve the force for each of multiple touches on the adaptive input row  300 , the force layer  308  may comprise a single force node  318 . However, in order to estimate the magnitude of force of each of multiple touches on the cover  302 , multiple force nodes  318  may be used. The density and size of the force nodes  318  will depend on the desired force-sensing resolution. Additionally or alternatively, the force layer  308  may be used to determine both the location and the force applied to the adaptive input row  300 . In this case the size and placement of the force nodes  318  may depend on the mechanical principle used to determine the location of the touch. Example force layer embodiments that may be used to detect location as well as forces are described in more detail below with respect to  FIGS. 5A-5B . 
     In some embodiments, the touch layer  306  and the force layer  308  may be formed on a single, shared layer. For example the sensing nodes  316  and the force nodes  318  may be interspersed with each other. The combined touch and force layer may be positioned between the display  304  and the cover  302  or, alternatively, may be positioned below the display  304  on a side opposite to the cover  302 . 
     In some embodiments, one or more additional layers may be incorporated into the adaptive input row  300 . For example, the additional layer may include a haptic layer having one or more mechanisms for producing a localized haptic response on the surface of the cover  302 . In some instances, a haptic layer may include a piezoelectric transducer or other mechanism that is configured to produce a vibration or impulse that is perceptible to the touch of a finger on the surface of the cover  302 . In some embodiments, the haptic layer may include one or more strips of piezoelectric material that are configured to displace the cover  302  in response to an electrical stimulus or signal. 
     As described above with respect to  FIG. 1 , an adaptive input row may be integrated with or positioned in an opening in the housing of a device.  FIGS. 4A-4F  depict cross-sectional views taken across section A-A of  FIG. 1  and illustrate various example component stackups for an adaptive input row  400 . While various components are depicted as being located in a particular position, the relative placement of some components may vary depending on the embodiment. Additionally, some components, including intermediate substrates, adhesive layers, and various other layers have been omitted from  FIGS. 4A-4F  for clarity. In general, the adaptive input row examples of  FIGS. 4A-4F  may be used to perform one or more of the inputs or display features described above with respect to  FIGS. 2A-2J . 
       FIGS. 4A and 4B  depict an example adaptive input row  400  in an un-deflected and deflected state, respectively. The adaptive input row  400  may be deflected by, for example, the force (F) of one or more touches on the surface of the cover  402 . In this embodiment, the force (F) results in a partial compression or deflection of the force-sensing layer  408 . Described in more detail below, the force-sensing layer  408  may be formed from a single force-sensing component or an array of force-sensing components or nodes positioned throughout the force-sensing layer  408 . 
     The movement of various components due to the deflection of the adaptive input row  400  is exaggerated between  FIGS. 4A and 4B  to better illustrate various principles. However, in an actual implementation, the amount of movement or deflection may be significantly less than as depicted in the examples of  FIGS. 4A and 4B . In some cases, the actual movement or deflection of the adaptive input row  400  is imperceptible or virtually imperceptible to a human touch. Furthermore, it is not necessary to deflect the adaptive input row  400  in order to actuate one or more regions of the adaptive input row  400 . In particular, the adaptive input row  400  includes a touch layer  406  positioned below the cover  402  which may include a touch node array that is configured to detect light or near touches on the surface of the cover  402 . Therefore, the un-deflected state of  FIG. 4A  may also represent an un-actuated or an actuated state, as deflection of the adaptive input row  400  is not necessary in order to recognize a touch on the cover  402  of the adaptive input row  400 . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 4A and 4B , the adaptive input row  400  is positioned in an opening  412  defined within the housing  410 . In the present embodiment, the opening  412  is a recess or pocket formed in a top surface of housing  410 . Accordingly, the opening  412  (with the exception of passage  414 ) does not expose the internal components of the device even when the adaptive input row  400  is not installed or positioned within the opening  412 . This may be advantageous for sealing the device against debris or contaminants or liquid ingress. The opening  412  may be defined, at least in part, by a support structure  418 , which may be integrally formed with the housing  410  or, alternatively, may be formed from a separate component. 
     The adaptive input row  400  includes a cover  402  having a touch-sensitive surface that forms a portion of an exterior surface of the device. The cover  402  may be formed from a durable transparent material, including various types of ceramics, such as glass, alumina, sapphire, zirconia, and the like. The cover  402  may also be formed from a polymer material, such as polycarbonate, polyethylene, acrylic, polystyrene, and the like. The upper or exterior surface of the cover  402  may be approximately aligned with the upper or exterior surface of the housing  410 . In the present example, a small gap  416  is formed between the opening  412  of the housing  410  and the edge of the cover  402 . The gap  416  allows for a small amountof relative movement between the cover  402  and the housing  410 . The gap  416  may also form a structural relief between the components and reduce or eliminate forces applied to the housing  410  from affecting the force-sensing layer  408  of the adaptive input row  400 . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 4A and 4B , a display  404  may be positioned below the cover  402 . The display  404  may be a pixelated display configured to display programmable images and graphic displays. In some embodiments, the display  404  may have a pixel spacing or pitch of  0 . 4  mm or less. The display  404  may also have a refresh rate of 30 Hz or greater. In the present example, the display  404  includes an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display formed from two layers: an encapsulation layer  404   a  and a phosphorescent organic layer  404   b . The display  404  may also include one of a variety of other types of display elements including, for example, a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light-emitting diode (LED) display, a electroluminescent (EL) display, an electrophoretic ink display, and the like. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 4A and 4B , the display  404  and the cover  402  are nearly congruent. In particular, with the exception of touch-sensitive region  401 , the area of the display  404  overlaps with the area of the cover  402 . Thus, nearly the entire area of the cover  402  (with the exception of region  401 ) may be illuminated by the display  404 . In this example, the cover  402  includes a non-display, touch-sensitive region  401  located at an end of the adaptive input row  400 . The touch-sensitive region  401 , as the name implies, may be configured to detect a touch and/or a force of touch but is not illuminated by the display  404 . The touch-sensitive region  401  may correspond to the touch-sensitive region  210  of  FIG. 2A-2B . In some embodiments, the touch-sensitive region  401  is not illuminated. Alternatively, the touch-sensitive region  401  may be illuminated by a light-emitting diode (LED) or other light-emitting element positioned under the cover  402 . The light-emitting element may be integrated, for example, with circuitry  422  positioned under the touch-sensitive region  401 . 
     A touch layer  406  may also be positioned below the cover  402 . In some embodiments, the touch layer  406  is positioned on a layer disposed between the cover  402  and the display  404 . As described above with respect to  FIG. 3 , the touch layer  406  may include an array or grid of capacitive nodes that is configured to detect the location of a touch on the surface of the cover  402 . In general, the size of the capacitive node is smaller than a typical programmably defined region so that multiple capacitive nodes may be included within a single programmably defined region. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 4A and 4B , the adaptive input row  400  also includes a force layer  408  that may be used to estimate an amount of force (F) applied to the cover  402 . The force layer  408  may operate in accordance with one or more force-sensing principles, including piezoelectric, piezo-resistive, capacitive, and so on. The force layer  408  may be formed as a single force-sensing structure or may include an array or pattern of multiple force-sensing structures. While the force layer  408  is depicted as a generic block in  FIGS. 4A and 4B , the force layer  408  may not cover the entire region below the display  404 . Alternative example force layers are described below with respect to  FIGS. 5A-5B and 6A-6C . 
     The examples of  FIGS. 4A and 4B , the display  404 , the touch layer  406 , and the force layer  408  are operatively coupled to circuitry  422 . To reduce signal degradation, the circuitry  422  may be located in the opening  412  formed in the housing  410 . The circuitry  422  may be positioned, for example, below the non-display, touch sensitive region  401 . The circuitry  422  may include signal conditioning circuitry, analog to digital conversion circuitry, and/or other signal processing circuitry. In some embodiments, the circuitry  422  may also include one or more microprocessors used to control one or more of the display  404 , the touch layer  406 , and the force layer  408 . 
     The circuitry  422  may be coupled to other electronic components positioned within the housing  410  via a flexible conduit  426 . The flexible conduit  426  may be used to operatively couple the circuitry  422  with internal device components including, for example, one or more processing units and computer memory. A more complete description of internal device components is provided below with respect to  FIG. 8 . 
     In this example, the flexible conduit  426  enters an internal volume of the housing  410  through the passage  414 . The passage  414  may be formed as a hole or slot in the support structure  418 . To prevent the ingress of liquid or other potential contaminants, a gasket or seal  428  may be disposed between the flexible conduit  426  and the passage  414 . The seal  428  may be formed from a soft compliant material such as silicone or another type of elastomer. In some embodiments, the seal  428  may be over-molded directly onto the flexible conduit  426 . Alternatively, the seal  428  may be formed as a separate component and slipped onto the flexible conduit  426  before it is inserted into the passage  414 . 
     Alternatively, the circuitry  422  may be formed on or attached to the flexible conduit  426 . Thus, in some cases, the circuitry  422  may pass through the passage  414  and may even be positioned within the internal volume of the housing  410 . In some embodiments, the circuitry  422  may be positioned within a separate opening that is partitioned or otherwise separated from the opening  412 . 
     The adaptive input row  400  may include other features or components that reduce potential exposure to moisture, liquid, or other contaminants. For example, the adaptive input row  400  may include a potting layer  424  formed around the edges of the display  404 . In some embodiments, the potting layer  424  may also cover some or all of the force layer  408  and/or touch layer  406 . In some embodiments, the potting layer  424  is formed from two or more layers having different materials and/or covering different regions of the adaptive input row  400 . The potting layer  424  may be formed from an epoxy or other similar compound. The potting layer  424  may be embedded with another material such as a glass fiber to improve the strength and performance of the potting layer  424 . The potting layer  424  may also be specially formulated to be less sensitive to moisture or other potential contaminants. 
     In some embodiments, some or all of the opening  412  may be filled with a potting or encapsulating material. For example, the region of the opening  412  surrounding the circuitry  422  may be filled with potting or encapsulating material. By encapsulating or potting the region around the circuitry  422 , the electronics may be protected from moisture while also sealing the passage  414  and preventing moisture or liquid from entering the internal volume of the housing  410 . 
       FIGS. 4C and 4D  depict an alternative embodiment of an adaptive input row  450  having a cantilevered cover  452 . In this configuration, one or more edges or sides of the cover  452  are attached or integrally formed with the housing  460 . For example, the cover  452  may be formed from a sheet of glass that is attached to the housing  460  and configured to overhang in a cantilever fashion over the opening  462  in the housing  460 . The display  454  may be positioned below the cover  452  and above the force layer  458 . A gap  468  may be formed between the cover  452  and an edge of the opening  462  allowing the cover  452  to bow or displace slightly. 
     As shown in  FIG. 4D , a force (F), due to, for example, a forceful touch on the cover  452 , may cause the cover  452  to deflect similar to a cantilevered beam. Similar to the previous example, the force layer  458  (or other compliant layer) may deflect slightly in response to the force (F). The depicted deflection is exaggerated to better illustrate the principles of this embodiment. In some implementations, the deflection may be much smaller and the movement of the cover  452  may be imperceptible or virtually imperceptible to a human touch. 
     Other than the cantilevered cover  452 , the other components of the adaptive input row  450  may be as described above with respect to  FIGS. 4A and 4B . Redundant descriptions have been omitted for clarity. 
       FIGS. 4E and 4F  depict alternative configurations for positioning the circuitry that is operatively coupled to elements of the adaptive input row. The examples of  FIGS. 4E and 4F  may be combined with any one of the adaptive input row embodiments described herein and is not limited to the particular configuration or stackup depicted in  FIGS. 4E and 4F . 
       FIG. 4E  depicts an example adaptive input row  470  having circuitry  472  positioned within a cavity  474 . As shown in  FIG. 4E , the cavity  474  is covered by an extension  476  integrally formed with the housing  477 . Thus, the circuitry  472  is positioned below the extension  476  of the housing  477  rather than beneath the cover, as depicted in the examples of  FIGS. 4A-4D . In the configuration of  FIG. 4E , the cover  478  may be nearly the same size as the display  475  and, thus, the display  475  may be used to provide graphical output for nearly the entire cover  478 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 4E , the circuitry  472  may be coupled to one or more separate components by flexible conduit  426 . Similar to previous examples, the flexible conduit  426  may enter an interior volume of the housing  477  through passage  414 . To prevent the ingress of liquid or other potential contaminants, a gasket or seal  428  may be disposed between the flexible conduit  426  and the passage  414 . 
       FIG. 4F  depicts an example adaptive input row  480  having circuitry  482  positioned within an internal volume or region  484  of the housing  487 . In the configuration of  FIG. 4F , the cover  488  may be nearly the same size as the display  485  and, thus, the display  485  may be used to provide graphical output for nearly the entire cover  488 . Another potential advantage is that the housing  477  may be formed to more closely fit the outer dimensions of the adaptive input row  480 . As shown in  FIG. 4F , the circuitry  472  may be coupled to elements of the stack by the flexible conduit  486 . The flexible conduit  486  may enter an interior volume of the housing  487  through passage  414 . To prevent the ingress of liquid or other potential contaminants, a gasket or seal  428  may be disposed between the flexible conduit  486  and the passage  414 . 
       FIGS. 5A and 5B  depict adaptive input rows having alternative force layers that may be used to estimate the force of a touch. The example force layers of  FIGS. 5A and 5B  may also be used to estimate the location of a touch, with or without the use of a separate touch sense layer. The embodiments depicted in  FIGS. 5A and 5B  may be installed or positioned in an opening of a housing similar to the examples described above with respect to  FIGS. 4A-4F . 
       FIG. 5A  depicts an example adaptive input row  500  having a cover  502  positioned over a display  504 , which may include an OLED display similar to the examples described above with respect to  FIGS. 4A-4B . A force layer  508  is positioned below the display  504  on a side opposite the cover  502 . The force layer  508  may be supported by structure  505 , which may be integrated with the device housing or may be formed from a separate component. 
     In the example of  FIG. 5A , the force layer  508  includes a capacitive-type force-sensing structure  510 . Specifically, the force layer  508  includes two force-sensing structures  510  or nodes disposed near opposite ends of the adaptive input row  500 . Each force-sensing structure  510  includes an upper capacitive plate or electrode  511  that is separated from a lower capacitive plate or electrode  512  by a compressible layer  515 . When a force is applied to the cover  502 , one or both of the compressible layers  515  may compress or deflect, which results in the upper electrode  511  moving closer to the lower electrode  512 . The amount of deflection may be measured by monitoring or measuring a change in capacitance between the electrodes  511 ,  512 . The estimated amount of deflection may be correlated to an estimated force, which may be used to estimate the force of the touch on the cover  502 . Accordingly, the force layer  508  may be used to compute or estimate the magnitude of an applied force on the adaptive input row  500 . 
     Additionally or alternatively, the force layer  508  may be used to estimate a location of the touch along the length of the adaptive input row  500 . For example, a relative displacement may be measured or computed between the force-sensing structures  510  positioned on opposite ends of the adaptive input row  500 . By comparing the relative displacement between the two force-sensing structures  510 , an approximate location of the applied force or touch may be determined. For example, if the displacement of each force-sensitive structure  510  is approximately the same, the location of the touch may be estimated to be near the center of the adaptive input row  500  (provided that the force-sensitive structures  510  are evenly spaced and have nearly the same compressibility). If, however, the displacement of the force-sensitive structure  510  on the left is greater than the displacement of the force-sensitive structure  510  on the right, the location of the touch may be estimated to be toward the left-end of the adaptive input row  500 . 
     The location information provided using the force layer  508  may be used alone or in conjunction with information provided by a separate touch layer to determine the force and location of one or more touches on the adaptive input row  500 . The force layer  508  may be particularly beneficial when estimating an amount of force applied by two or more touches on the cover  502 . Using location information estimated using a touch layer, the relative displacement of the two force-sensitive structures may be used to estimate an amount of force that is applied by each of the two or more touches. 
       FIG. 5B  depicts an adaptive input row  550  having another example force layer  558  that may be used to estimate a magnitude and/or a location of a force on the adaptive input row  550 . Similar to the previous example, the adaptive input row  550  includes a display  554  positioned under a cover  552 . The force layer  558  is positioned below the display  554  and supported by structure  555 . 
     In the present embodiment, the force layer  558  includes a linear array of force-sensitive structures or force nodes  560  (referred to herein as nodes). Each of the nodes  560  may be formed from a piezoresistive, piezoelectric, or other strain-sensitive material that is configured to exhibit a change in an electrical property in response to a strain or deflection. Alternatively, each of the nodes  560  may be formed from a capacitive electrode stack, similar to the example described above with respect to  FIG. 5A . In particular, each of the nodes  560  may include a pair of capacitive plates or electrodes that are separated by a compressible material that is configured to compress or deflect in response to the force of a touch on the cover  552 . 
     In the example of  FIG. 5B , the nodes  560  are arranged in a one-dimensional array along the length of the adaptive input row  550 . In some embodiments, the one-dimensional array of nodes  560  is configured to detect a localized deflection of the adaptive input row  550  to estimate both a magnitude of force and a location of the touch. For example, the cover  552 , display  554 , and any other layers or substrates of the stack may be flexible enough to deflect or bow over a localized region, which may result in fewer than all of the nodes  560  being deflected in accordance with the localized region. In this scenario, it may be advantageous that the structure  555  be substantially rigid and not deflect significantly in response to the force of a touch. In some embodiments, a sub-group of the nodes  560  experiences the localized deflection or bowing of the layers positioned above the force layer  558 . Over the sub-group of affected nodes  560 , the deflection may be greatest for those nodes  560  closest to the location of the touch. Using the relative deflection or output of the affected nodes  560 , the location of the touch may be estimated, as well as the magnitude of the applied force. In a similar fashion, the array of nodes  560  may be used to measure the location and magnitude of multiple touches on the adaptive input row  550 . 
     While  FIG. 5B  depicts an array of nodes  560  arranged along a single (length) direction, other embodiments may include an array of nodes arranged along two directions (e.g., along both length and width of the adaptive input row similar to as depicted in the force layer  308  of  FIG. 3 ). A two-dimensional node configuration may be used to determine a two-dimensional location of the touch. In particular, a two-dimensional force node array may be used to estimate both a length-wise and width-wise location of a touch. 
     In some embodiments, a force layer may also function as a seal or barrier to prevent or reduce the ingress of moisture, liquid, or other foreign matter.  FIGS. 6A-6C  depict example configurations of adaptive input rows having a force layer that is configured to both estimate an applied force and form a gasket or seal around a portion of the adaptive input row. Various components, including a touch layer and other components, are omitted from the simplified illustration of  FIGS. 6A-6C  for clarity and to reduce redundancy. However, various components and functionality expressly described with respect to other embodiments, including touch sensing and the use of a touch layer, may be combined with the features of  FIGS. 6A-6C . 
     As shown in  FIG. 6A , the adaptive input row  600  includes a force layer  608  positioned under a display  604  and cover  602 . In the present embodiment, the force layer  608  is formed from a set of capacitive force-sensing structures  610 . Each force-sensing structure  610  may include a pair of capacitive plates or electrodes  611 ,  612  separated by a compressible layer  615 . The force-sensing structures  610  may operate in accordance with a capacitive force-sensing scheme consistent with the examples described above with respect to  FIGS. 3 and 5A . 
     In the present embodiment, the force-sensing structures  610  may also form a gasket or seal around a portion of the adaptive input row  600 . For example, the force-sensing structures  610  may be bonded or otherwise fixed with respect to adjacent layers (in this case display  604  and support structure  630 ) using an adhesive or other sealant that is configured to form a liquid-resistant barrier. For example, the set of force-sensing structures  610  may be bonded to a single layer of pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) that forms a liquid-resistant barrier on at least that side of the set of force-sensing structures  610 . In some embodiments, the adhesive joint may also include an intermediate substrate or layer that facilitates the bond with an adhesive layer. The set of force-sensing structures  610  may be similarly bonded/adhered on both sides to form a substantially liquid-resistant barrier. 
     Additionally, the compressible layer  615  may also be configured to reduce the risk of contamination. For example, the compressible layer  615  may be formed from a material that acts as a liquid and contaminant barrier as well as provides the desired compressibility for the operation of the force layer  608 . In some cases, the compressible layer  615  may be formed from an elastomer material, such as silicone, Viton, Buna-N, ethylene propylene or other similar material. The compressible layer  615  may also be formed from a solid material, a closed-cell foam or other liquid-resistant form of material. The compressible layer  615  may be bonded to or otherwise attached to the pair of electrodes  611 ,  612  to form a substantially liquid-resistant seal or barrier. 
     As shown in  FIG. 6A , the force-sensing structures  610  encircle a portion of the adaptive input row  600  located under the display  604  and above the support structure  630 . The layout or position of the force-sensing structures  610  may be similar to as shown in  FIG. 6C  (which is a cross-sectional view of the force-sensing structures  660  in  FIG. 6B ). In particular, each force-sensing structure  610  may form a portion or segment of a wall that functions as a barrier to seal an interior volume or interior portion of the adaptive input row  600 . 
       FIG. 6B  depicts an adaptive input row  650  having a display  654  positioned below a cover  652 . The adaptive input row  650  also includes a force layer ( 658  of  FIG. 6C ), which actually surrounds a region occupied by the display  654 . The adaptive input row  650 , in this example, is formed around the perimeter of the display  654 . The force layer ( 658  of  FIG. 6C ) includes a set of force-sensing structures  660  that are positioned between the cover  652  and the support structure  670 . By forming the force layer  658  by a series or array of force-sensing structures  660  that are positioned around the perimeter of the display  654 , the force layer  658  may form a protective barrier or seal for an internal volume or portion of the adaptive input row  650 . 
     Similar to the previous examples, the force-sensing structures  660  include a pair of capacitive plates or electrodes  661 ,  662  separated by a compressible layer  665 . Similar to the example described above with respect to  FIG. 6A , the force-sensing structures  660  may be configured to form a gasket or seal to prevent the ingress of moisture, liquid, or other potential contaminants. In the example of  FIG. 6B , the force-sensing structures  660  cooperate to form a seal or gasket around the entire display  654 . In some cases, this configuration reduces or eliminates the need to pot or encapsulate the edges of the display  654 . 
       FIG. 6C  depicts a cross-sectional view of the force layer  658  of  FIG. 6B  along section B-B. In the simplified illustration of  FIG. 6C , the display  654  and other internal components have been omitted for clarity. In the example of  FIG. 6C , the force layer  658  includes multiple force-sensing structures that together form a segmented barrier around the internal volume  680  of the adaptive input row  650 . The small gaps  682  between each force-sensing structure  660  or segment may be filled with a sealant or similar material to prevent the ingress of moisture, liquid or other potential contaminants. In some embodiments, the small gaps  682  are filled with the same material that forms the compressible layer  665  of the force-sensing structures  660 . 
     In the configuration of  FIG. 6C , the force-sensing structures  660  or segments may be configured to produce a distinct or independent force-sensing output in response to a force of a touch on the cover  652 . In some embodiments, the relative output of the force-sensing structures  660  may be used to estimate a location or region of potential locations of the touch. For example, if one or more force-sensing structures  660  toward the right end of the segmented structure experience a greater deflection than force-sensing structures  660  on the left end, the location of the touch(es) may be estimated to be in a region located toward the right-end of the adaptive input row  650 . In some embodiments, the force-sensing structures  660  may be used to provide two-dimensional touch or force-location information. 
       FIGS. 7 and 8  depict alternative electronic devices that may include an adaptive input row. In particular,  FIG. 7  depicts a keyboard device  700  that includes an adaptive input row  710 . The adaptive input row  710  is positioned within an opening in a housing  702  similar to other embodiments described herein. The adaptive input row  710  may have a color and/or finish that matches the color and/or finish of the housing  702 . For example, the adaptive input row  710  may be painted or otherwise treated to match the color and appearance of an aluminum or plastic housing  702 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 7 , the adaptive input row  710  is also located adjacent to a set of keys  720 . In some embodiments, the adaptive input row  710  may be located adjacent to a number row of the set of keys  720 . The location of the adaptive input row  710  may be similar to the location of a traditional function row of a traditional keyboard layout. 
       FIG. 8  depicts an example desktop computing device  800  having a keyboard  850  and a display  840 . The display  840  may function as a primary display of the device, similar to the primary display described above with respect to  FIG. 1 . Computing electronics, including one or more processing units and computer memory, may be located in the keyboard device  850 , the display  840 , and/or a separate enclosed housing or tower not depicted. As shown in  FIG. 8 , the device  800  includes an adaptive input row  810  located in the housing of the keyboard device  850 . The placement and operation of the adaptive input row  810  may be in accordance with the various examples provided herein. 
       FIG. 9  depicts a schematic representation of an example device having an adaptive input row. The schematic representation depicted in  FIG. 9  may correspond to components of the portable electronic device depicted in  FIGS. 1, 7, and 8 , described above However,  FIG. 9  may also more generally represent other types of devices that include an adaptive input row or similar device. 
     As shown in  FIG. 9 , a device  900  includes a processing unit  902  operatively connected to computer memory  904  and computer-readable media  906 . The processing unit  902  may be operatively connected to the memory  904  and computer-readable media  906  components via an electronic bus or bridge. The processing unit  902  may include one or more computer processors or microcontrollers that are configured to perform operations in response to computer-readable instructions. The processing unit  902  may include the central processing unit (CPU) of the device. Additionally or alternatively, the processing unit  902  may include other processors within the device including application specific integrated chips (ASIC) and other microcontroller devices. 
     The memory  904  may include a variety of types of non-transitory computer-readable storage media, including, for example, read access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable memory (e.g., EPROM and EEPROM), or flash memory. The memory  904  is configured to store computer-readable instructions, sensor values, and other persistent software elements. Computer-readable media  906  also includes a variety of types of non-transitory computer-readable storage media including, for example, a hard-drive storage device, solid state storage device, portable magnetic storage device, or other similar device. The computer-readable media  906  may also be configured to store computer-readable instructions, sensor values, and other persistent software elements. 
     In this example, the processing unit  902  is operable to read computer-readable instructions stored on the memory  904  and/or computer-readable media  906 . The computer-readable instructions may adapt the processing unit  902  to perform the operations or functions described above with respect to  FIGS. 2A-2J . The computer-readable instructions may be provided as a computer-program product, software application, or the like. 
     As shown in  FIG. 9 , the device  900  also includes a display  908  and an input device  909 . The display  908  may include a liquid-crystal display (LCD), organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display, light-emitting diode (LED) display, or the like. If the display  908  is an LCD, the display may also include a backlight component that can be controlled to provide variable levels of display brightness. If the display  908  is an OLED or LED type display, the brightness of the display  908  may be controlled by modifying the electrical signals that are provided to display elements. 
     The input device  909  is configured to provide user input to the device  900 . The input device  909  may include, for example, a touch screen, touch button, keyboard, key pad, or other touch input device. The device  900  may include other input devices, including, for example, a power button, volume buttons, home buttons, scroll wheels, and camera buttons. 
     As shown in  FIG. 9 , the device  900  also includes an adaptive input row  910 . The adaptive input row  910  may be operatively coupled to the processing unit  902  and memory  904  in order to provide user input similar to the input device  909 . The adaptive input row  910  may also be configured to provide an adaptable display that may be controlled by the processing unit  902  or other aspect of the device  900 . In general, the adaptive input row  910  may be configured to operate in accordance with the various examples provided herein. 
     The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, used specific nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the specific details are not required in order to practice the described embodiments. Thus, the foregoing descriptions of the specific embodiments described herein are presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not targeted to be exhaustive or to limit the embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20160907
Publication Date: 20190910
Grant Date: 20190910
Priority Date: 20150930
Inventors: SILVANTO, MIKAEL M.
ZWEIGLE, ERIK A.
QI, JUN
LIGTENBERG, CHRISTIAAN A.
CAO, ROBERT Y.
ANDRE, BARTLEY K.
ANDERSON, MOLLY J.
KIM, BYOUNGSUK
MATHEW, DINESH C.
YIN, VICTOR H.
Assignee: APPLE INC
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Family ID: 57130478