PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-10283996-B2
Application Number: US-201514835396-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Packaging for an electronic device

Abstract:
Packaging is disclosed. The packaging may include a charging element to charge an electronic device contained within the packaging. The charging may be performed by inductive charging. The packaging may include a magnet to position and retain an item within the packaging. The packaging may include protective surfaces formed of microfiber to help protect an item contained therein. The microfiber may be debossed around its periphery to minimize interruption between the microfiber and an underlying surface to which it is applied.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. Packaging, comprising:
 a base shell containing a surface for receiving an item; 
 a charging coil disposed above the item-receiving surface; 
 a post rotatably coupling the charging coil to the base shell so that the charging coil and a central axis of the post can tilt relative to the base shell; and 
 an electrical port coupled to the base shell and accessible from an outer side of the base shell, wherein the electrical port is electrically connected to the charging element. 
 
     
     
       2. The packaging of  claim 1 , further comprising a tray disposed within a cavity formed by the base shell, wherein the tray defines the item-receiving surface. 
     
     
       3. The packaging of  claim 1 , wherein the charging coil is a part of a circular puck. 
     
     
       4. The packaging of  claim 1 , wherein the charging coil is an inductive charging coil. 
     
     
       5. The packaging of  claim 1 , wherein the item-receiving surface defines an indentation that is aligned with a charging surface of a charging element that contains the charging coil. 
     
     
       6. The packaging of  claim 1 , wherein the charging coil encircles a magnet. 
     
     
       7. The packaging of  claim 1 , wherein the charging coil is tilted toward a center of the base shell when in a neutral position, and
 wherein the charging coil tilts away from the center of the base to contact an item when the item is placed next to the charging-coil. 
 
     
     
       8. The packaging of  claim 1 , wherein the item-receiving surface defines an indentation that is aligned with a charging surface of a charging element that contains the charging coil,
 wherein the charging element is tilted toward a center of the base shell when in a neutral position, and 
 wherein the charging element tilts away from the center of the base to contact an item when an item is placed in the indentation. 
 
     
     
       9. The packaging of  claim 1 , wherein the charging coil is tilted toward a center of the base shell when in a neutral position, and
 wherein the charging coil tilts away from the center of the base to contact an item when the item is placed next to the charging-coil, due to magnetic attraction between the charging coil and the item. 
 
     
     
       10. The packaging of  claim 1 , wherein the charging coil is spaced apart from the item-receiving surface by the post. 
     
     
       11. The packaging of  claim 1 , wherein the item-receiving surface defines an opening therethrough, and
 wherein the post extends through the opening. 
 
     
     
       12. The packaging of  claim 1 , wherein the electrical port is configured to receive power from an outside power source. 
     
     
       13. The packaging of  claim 1 , wherein the electrical port is electrically connected to the charging coil through the post. 
     
     
       14. The packaging of  claim 1 , further comprising a lid configured to cover and enclose the item on the item-receiving surface. 
     
     
       15. Packaging, comprising:
 a base shell defining a cavity; 
 a tray assembly disposed in the cavity and defining an item-receiving surface, wherein the item-receiving surface comprises a raised boundary spaced inward from an outer perimeter of the item-receiving surface; and 
 a magnet disposed within the cavity between the base shell and the tray assembly, 
 wherein the magnetic field of the magnet extends above the upper item-receiving surface of the tray assembly, and 
 wherein the position of the magnet coincides with the center of the area within the raised boundary. 
 
     
     
       16. The packaging of  claim 15 , wherein the magnetic field of the magnet is configured to retain the item relative to the base shell by magnetic attraction between the magnet and the item. 
     
     
       17. The packaging of  claim 15 , wherein the tray assembly comprises a tray disposed in the cavity between the base shell and the item-receiving surface,
 wherein the tray defines an opening therethrough, and 
 wherein the magnet is disposed within the opening. 
 
     
     
       18. The packaging of  claim 15 , wherein the base shell has an inner surface defining a portion of the first cavity,
 wherein a second cavity is formed in the inner surface, and 
 wherein the magnet is disposed within the second cavity. 
 
     
     
       19. The packaging of  claim 15 , wherein the tray assembly is fixed to a bottom surface of the cavity. 
     
     
       20. The packaging of  claim 15 , wherein the magnet is fixed in position below and within the raised boundary. 
     
     
       21. The packaging of  claim 15 , further comprising a charging element disposed below the item-receiving surface. 
     
     
       22. The packaging of  claim 15 , further comprising a charging element, wherein the charging element comprises the magnet. 
     
     
       23. A method for providing power to a device, the method comprising:
 tilting a charging element from a neutral position to a charging position, under force of magnetic attraction of the charging element to a device; and 
 transferring power to the device from the charging element when the charging element is in the charging position, 
 wherein the magnetic force overcomes a biasing force applied by a support structure for the charging element, 
 wherein the charging element includes an inductive coil, and power is transferred to the device via an electromagnetic field, and 
 wherein the charging element is coupled to an upper end portion of a post, and wherein tilting of the charging element from the neutral position to the charging position is accomplished by rotation of the charging element and the post together about an axis extending transversely through a lower end portion of the post. 
 
     
     
       24. The method of  claim 23 , wherein rotation of the charging element and the post occurs in response to the force of magnetic attraction between the charging element and the device. 
     
     
       25. The method of  claim 23 , wherein tilting of the charging element from the neutral position to the charging position takes place automatically in response to the device being placed in proximity to the charging element. 
     
     
       26. The method of  claim 23 , wherein the charging element maintains the neutral position in the absence of the device.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S) 
     This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/045,476, filed on Sep. 3, 2014, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/129,608, filed on Mar. 6, 2015, each of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference thereto. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     The described embodiments relate generally to packaging. More particularly, the present embodiments relate to packaging for electronic devices. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Electronic devices are often shipped and sold in packaging. Packaging may help to protect the devices from potential damage. 
     SUMMARY 
     Some embodiments of the present invention provide packaging including a base shell containing a surface for receiving an item, a charging element disposed above the item-receiving surface, and an electrical port coupled to the base shell and accessible from an outer side of the base shell, wherein the electrical port is electrically connected to the charging element. 
     Some embodiments of the present invention provide packaging including a base shell defining a cavity, a tray assembly disposed in the cavity and defining an upper surface for receiving an item, and a magnet disposed within the cavity between the base and the tray assembly, and wherein the magnetic field of the magnet extends above the upper surface of the tray assembly. 
     Some embodiments of the present invention provide packaging including a shell with a first wall and a second wall protruding from a perimeter of the first wall, where the first wall and second wall together define a cavity. The packaging may also include a protective layer disposed within the cavity, wherein an outer periphery of the protective layer is debossed and coupled to a surface of the cavity. 
     Some embodiments of the present invention provide a method for providing power to a device, where the method includes tilting a charging element from a neutral position to a charging position under force of magnetic attraction of the charging element to the device, and transferring power to the device from the charging element when the charging element is in the charging position. In some embodiments the magnetic force overcomes a biasing force applied by a support structure for a charging element. In some embodiments the charging element includes an inductive coil and power is transferred to the device via an electromagnetic field. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The disclosure will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like structural elements, and in which: 
         FIG. 1  shows an exploded perspective view of a packaging system according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  shows a perspective view of a packaging system according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  shows an exploded perspective view of the packaging system of  FIG. 2  according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 4  shows an alternate exploded perspective view of the packaging system of  FIG. 2  according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 5  shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion of a base assembly according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 6  shows a perspective view of a microfiber layer according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 7  shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion of a lid assembly according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 8  shows a perspective view of a packaging system according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 9  shows an exploded perspective view of the packaging system of  FIG. 8  according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 10  shows an exploded perspective view of a packaging system according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 11  shows an exploded perspective view of a packaging system according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 12  shows a perspective view of a packaging system according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 13  shows an exploded perspective view of the packaging system of  FIG. 12  according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 14  shows an enlarged perspective view of a charging sub-assembly according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 15  shows a perspective view of a packaging system according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 16  shows an exploded perspective view of the packaging system of  FIG. 15  according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 17  shows an exploded perspective view of the packaging system of  FIG. 15  according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 18  shows an exploded perspective view of a packaging system according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 19  shows a perspective view of a protective cover according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 20  shows a perspective view of a protective cover according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 21  shows a blind assembly of a packaging system according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 22  shows an end view of a wire according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 23  shows an end view of a wire according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 24  shows a packaging system according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 24A and 24B  show a wire according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 25  shows an electronic device according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 26  shows an assembly operation for a clip assembly according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 27  shows an assembly operation for a clip assembly according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 28  shows an assembly operation for a clip assembly according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 29  shows an assembly operation for a clip assembly according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 30  shows an assembly operation for a clip assembly according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 31  shows an assembly operation for a clip assembly according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 32  shows an assembly operation for a clip assembly according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 33  shows an assembly operation for a clip assembly according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 34  shows an assembly operation for a clip assembly according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 35  shows an assembly operation for a clip assembly according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 36  shows a perspective view of a packaging system according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 37  shows a perspective view of a punch system according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 38  shows a cross-sectional view of a punch system according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 39  shows a cross-sectional view of a punch system according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 40  shows a cross-sectional view of mating portions of a packaging system according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 41  shows a cross-sectional view of mating portions of a packaging system according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 42  shows a cross-sectional view of mating portions of a packaging system according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 43  shows a perspective view of a packaging system according to embodiments of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Reference will now be made in detail to representative embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the following descriptions are not intended to limit the embodiments to one preferred embodiment. To the contrary, it is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as can be included within the spirit and scope of the described embodiments as defined by the appended claims. 
     The following disclosure relates to packaging for electronic devices. Packaging may be of varying quality. For example, a plastic bag or paper wrapping might serve to package an item, or for greater protection, a padded cardboard box might be used. Typically, however, packaging is temporary and disposable; once an end user removes a purchased item from its packaging, the packaging is discarded. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, however, packaging for an electronic device serves a continuing purpose throughout the life of the device it contains. In some embodiments the disclosed packaging serves as a case for storing and protecting the device, and/or a dock for powering the device. In such embodiments the packaging may include more robust structural features than typical packaging, and may include protective interior surfaces to protect the stored device throughout repeated usage. As used herein, “packaging” also encompasses product cases and docks. For example, the term “packaging” may include retail packaging, protective product cases, product display cases, and product docks; but its use is not limited to these categories. 
     In some embodiments, in order to help retain a device within the packaging, in some embodiments it includes a magnet that can attract a device placed in the packaging (e.g., by attracting metal or another magnet within the device). This can help locate the device in the optimum position within the packaging for ease of access and to minimize damage. 
     In some embodiments the disclosed packaging also serves as a charging station for the electronic device, thereby providing a convenient place to store and supply power to the device. In some embodiments the charger is an inductive charger, which allows a user to simply place his device within the packaging to charge it, without having to plug a power wire into the device. 
     These and other embodiments are discussed below with reference to the figures. However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the detailed description given herein with respect to these figures is for explanatory purposes only and should not be construed as limiting. 
       FIGS. 1-4  illustrate packaging  10  according to some embodiments of the present invention. Packaging  10  includes a base assembly  102  and a lid assembly  106 . Base assembly  102  and lid assembly  106  are separable from each other, and can be coupled together to enclose an inner area, within which an item  60  may be stored. Item  60  may be any type of item, and in some embodiments it is an electronic device such as a smartphone, a portable music player, a wearable device such as a watch (e.g., a smartwatch), or a portable computer (e.g., a laptop or tablet). 
       FIG. 1  shows base assembly  102  in an exploded view, along with item  60 . Base assembly  102  may include a base shell  110  and a tray assembly  104 . Tray assembly  104  may be formed from a single tray  120 , as shown in  FIGS. 1 and 9 , or an assembly of multiple components as shown in  FIGS. 3 and 4 . 
     Base shell  110  may be formed of a material having a relatively high hardness (e.g., as compared to some internal packaging components as will be described), sufficient to maintain its shape and protect internal components of packaging  10  and item  60  contained therein. For example, base shell  110  may be formed of molded or machined plastic (e.g., polycarbonate) or metal (e.g., aluminum). In some embodiments base shell  110  forms an outer side surface  112  and an inner cavity  114 . Cavity  114  may at least partially contain internal components of packaging  10  and item  60 . 
     Tray assembly may include an item-receiving layer having an item-receiving surface  142  upon which item  60  may be retained within packaging  10 . Item-receiving surface  142  may be formed of a material having a relatively low hardness (e.g., as compared to base shell  110 ), to protect item  60 , which comes into contact with item-receiving surface  142  when item  60  is stored within packaging  10 . For example, item-receiving surface  142  may be formed of a microfiber material. 
     In some embodiments, tray assembly  104  is received within cavity  114  of base shell  110 . In some embodiments outer dimensions of tray assembly  104  match inner dimensions of cavity  114  formed by side surfaces  117  thereof. This dimensional correspondence helps maintain the position of tray assembly  104  relative to base shell  110 , which in turn helps maintain the position of item  60 . 
     In some embodiments, item  60  is maintained in position relative to item-receiving surface  142  by a magnet  150  disposed below item-receiving surface  142 . In some embodiments, magnet  150  is a permanent magnet, and is disposed in contact with or just below a bottom surface of tray assembly  104 . For example, in order to position magnet  150  at the desired position relative to tray assembly  104 , magnet  150  may be disposed within a sub-cavity  118  formed in a bottom surface  116  of cavity  114  (see  FIGS. 1 and 5 ) and/or may be disposed on a shunt  152  disposed on bottom surface  116  (see  FIG. 3 ). Locating magnet  150  in sub-cavity  118  helps minimize its interference with lower portions of tray assembly  104 , so that tray assembly  104  can fit flush against the rest of bottom surface  142 . In some embodiments an adhesive  192  is used to secure tray assembly  104  to bottom surface  116 , and this flush fit may provide ample area for adhesion (e.g., greater than 20% of the area of bottom surface  116 ). Magnet  150  may be fixed to the bottom surface of tray assembly  104  and/or a surface of base shell  110  (e.g., within sub-cavity  118 ). In some embodiments, magnet  150  may be incorporated into a charging element (e.g., a charging element having the characteristics of charging element  410  described below). In some embodiments, such a charging element may take the place of magnet  150 , and may be incorporated into base assembly  102  (e.g., in a fixed position therein). Such charging element may provide power to item  60  while it is within packaging  10  (e.g., while retained by magnet  150 ). For example, magnet  150  and the charging element (as separate elements, or as a combined charging element incorporating a magnet) may be positioned in alignment with an intended position for item  60  in packaging  10 , and/or an intended position of a receiver coil of item  60 , as described further below with respect to charging assembly  40  and packaging assembly  20 .a 1   
     In some embodiments, to further provide ample room for magnet  150  while still providing a compact base assembly  102 , tray assembly  104  may include an opening  124  within which magnet  150  is partially disposed. See, e.g., opening  124  in tray  120  shown in  FIGS. 3-5 . In this way, magnet  150  can be positioned closer to item-receiving surface  142 , and a smaller magnet may be used than may otherwise be used, since its magnetic field would have less distance to travel to extend above item-receiving surface. 
     Magnet  150  may produce a magnetic field  154  that extends above item-receiving surface  142  (see  FIG. 5 ). In some embodiments, magnet  150  may retain item  60  relative to item-receiving surface  142  by magnetic attraction to item  60 . For example, item  60  may include a magnetic material (e.g., a ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material, and/or a magnet), and magnetic field  154  of magnet  150  may operate on the magnetic material of item  60  to retain item  60  on item-receiving surface  142  by attracting the magnetic material of item  60  (and thus item  60  itself) toward magnet  150  disposed below item-retaining surface  142 . Magnetic field  154  may be strong enough to induce an attractive force between magnet  150  and item  60  strong enough to overcome impact forces and other expected forces incident to transport and handling of package  10  and item  60 . For example, item  60  may be retained in position if packaging  10  is dropped from a reasonable height (e.g., less than 3 or 6 feet) or placed upside-down. For example, in some embodiments, magnetic field  154  may be strong enough to induce an attractive force sufficient to independently retain a 200-300 gram object (e.g., a 240 gram object) against the force of gravity (e.g., in a situation where base assembly  102  is turned upside-down while retaining item  60 ). 
     In some embodiments, as shown, for example, in  FIGS. 2-4 , tray assembly  104  may be formed of several sub-components, such as, for example, tray  120 , pillow layer  130 , and protective layer  140 . Tray  120  may be disposed beneath pillow layer  130  and protective layer  140 , and may be in fixed to base shell  110 . Tray  120  may be formed of a material having a relatively high hardness (e.g., similar to base shell  110 ), sufficient to maintain its shape and that of other components of tray assembly  104  that may be relatively softer (e.g., pillow layer  130  and protective layer  140 ). Tray  120  may be positioned in contact with base shell  110 , and may itself define a portion of inner cavity  114  when disposed within base shell  110 . The relative hardness and position of tray  120  may also contribute to the structural integrity of packaging  10  by contributing to the strength of base shell  110 . 
     Pillow layer  130  may be fixed to an upper side of tray  120 , and may be formed of the same or a softer material than tray  120  (e.g., a relatively soft thermoplastic material (e.g., ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) or a relatively soft foam material (e.g., silicone foam, EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate) foam)). Pillow layer  130  may act as a support layer, and may provide support and cushioning for item  60  disposed on item-receiving surface  142  of tray assembly  104 , by providing a more yielding substance than that of tray  120  between item  60  and tray  120 . 
     Protective layer  140  may be fixed to an upper side of pillow layer  130  (or may be fixed directly to tray  120  or base shell  110  in embodiments without pillow layer  130  or tray  120 , or with a pillow layer that only partially covers the area between tray  120  and protective layer  140 ). Protective layer  140  may be formed of a softer material than tray  120 , and in some embodiments may be formed of a softer material than pillow layer  130  (e.g., a relatively soft thermoplastic material (e.g., ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) or a relatively soft foam material (e.g., silicone foam, EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate) foam)). Protective layer  140  may have low propensity to mar (e.g., scratch or discolor) other materials into which it comes into contact. For example, in some embodiments protective layer  140  is formed of a microfiber material. In some embodiments, pillow layer  130  acts as a substrate to protective layer  140 , providing a yielding surface upon which protective layer  140  is disposed. In combination with base shell  110  and tray  120 , pillow layer  130  and protective layer  140  provide a soft, non-marring, dimensionally-stable item-receiving surface  142 . 
     In some embodiments, item-receiving surface  142  includes surface features to help maintain item  60  in a desired position. As shown, for example, in  FIGS. 3 and 4 , item-receiving surface  142  may include a raised boundary  146  inset from its perimeter  145 . Raised boundary  146  may be given its shape by a corresponding raised boundary  136  inset from a perimeter  135  of pillow layer  130 , over which protective layer  140  is formed. Raised boundary  146  may be sized and shaped to correspond to outer portions of item  60 , so as to contact or be in close proximity to these outer portions when item  60  is placed within raised boundary  146 . This can help maintain the position of item  60  within packaging  10  by helping to inhibit its movement past raised boundary  146 . Raised boundary  146  may be positioned anywhere on tray assembly  104 . For example, it may be positioned within a middle third of the length of tray assembly  104  in order to accommodate an item  60  having a central portion and bands attached to either side thereof, (such as a watch face with bands on either side) so that the central portion can be maintained within raised boundary  146  and the bands can extend over it to be positioned on other areas of tray assembly  104 . Also for example, raised boundary  146  may be positioned in an end third of the length of tray assembly  104  in order to similarly accommodate an item  60  having an end portion with a single band extending from one side, or having a longer band extending from one side and a shorter band extending from the other. 
     In some embodiments, as shown, for example, in  FIGS. 2 and 3 , lid assembly  106  may be formed of several sub-components, such as, for example, lid shell  160 , pillow layer  170 , and protective layer  180 . Lid shell  160  may be formed similarly to base shell  110 , i.e., of a material having a relatively high hardness compared to internal packaging components, sufficient to maintain its shape and protect internal components of packaging  10  and item  60  contained therein. For example, lid shell  160  may be formed of molded or machined plastic (e.g., polycarbonate) or metal (e.g., aluminum). 
     In some embodiments, lid shell  160  forms an inner cavity  168 , within which pillow layer  170  and protective layer  180  are disposed. In some embodiments, pillow layer  170  and protective layer  180  are fixed to an upper portion of inner cavity  168 , so as not to occupy the majority of inner cavity  168 . In some embodiments lid assembly  106  is sized and shaped to mate with base assembly  102 , such that cavity  114  of base assembly  102  and cavity  168  of lid assembly  106  combine to form a cavity of packaging  10  within which item  60  is retained (see, e.g.,  FIGS. 2 and 10 ). 
     As shown in the cross-sectional view of  FIG. 7 , pillow layer  170  may be fixed to an inner surface of upper wall  164  of lid shell  160 . Pillow layer may be formed of the same or a softer material than lid shell  160  (e.g., a relatively soft thermoplastic material (e.g., ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) or a relatively soft foam material (e.g., silicone foam, EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate) foam)). 
     Protective layer  180  may be fixed to a lower side of pillow layer  170  as shown in  FIG. 7  (or may be fixed directly to lid shell  160  in embodiments without pillow layer  170  or with a pillow layer that only partially covers the area between lid shell  160  and protective layer  180 ). Protective layer  180  may be formed of the same or a softer material than lid shell  160 , and in some embodiments may be formed of a softer material than pillow layer  170  (e.g., a relatively soft thermoplastic material (e.g., ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) or a relatively soft foam material (e.g., silicone foam, EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate) foam)). Protective layer  180  may have low propensity to mar other materials into which it comes into contact. For example, in some embodiments protective layer  180  is formed of a microfiber material. 
     When lid assembly  106  is positioned on base assembly  102  such that packaging  10  is in a closed configuration, an inner surface of protective layer  180  may come into contact with item  60 . Pillow layer  170  may act as a support layer, and may provide support and cushioning for item  60  disposed on item-receiving surface  142  of tray assembly  104 , by providing a more yielding substance than that of lid shell  160  between item  60  and lid shell  160 . In some embodiments, pillow layer  170  acts as a substrate to protective layer  180 , providing a yielding surface upon which protective layer  180  is disposed. In combination with lid shell  160 , pillow layer  170  and protective layer  180  provide a soft, non-marring, dimensionally-stable inner surface for lid assembly  106 . 
     Microfiber material often has a thickness and feel that manifest in an abrupt interface between the microfiber and an uncovered portion of a smooth substrate upon which the microfiber is applied. For example, lid shell  160  may have a smooth inner surface  162  upon which pillow layer  170  and microfiber protective layer  180  are disposed. But some of smooth inner surface  162  may remain uncovered. For example, in some embodiments smooth inner surface  162  is exposed along side walls  166  of lid shell  160 , but its upper wall  164  is covered by microfiber protective layer  180 .  FIG. 7  shows an example configuration. 
     In some embodiments, to create a smoother transition from inner surface  162  to microfiber protective layer  180  an outer periphery  182  of microfiber protective layer  180  may be debossed, as shown in  FIGS. 6 and 7 . Debossed fibers in outer periphery  182  of microfiber protective layer  180  are compressed and therefore present a smoother look and feel, closer to that of the smooth inner surface  162 . Debossed outer periphery  182  creates a kind of transition zone between the smooth feel of inner surface  162  and the more tactile feel of microfiber protective layer  180 , where the transition zone is more compressed and smoother than the rest of protective layer  180 . In some embodiments debossed outer periphery  182  extends in from the outer edge of protective layer  180  by between 1 millimeter and 3 millimeters (e.g., 1.5 millimeters)—substantial enough for a handler to feel a smooth transition. 
     Various components of lid assembly  106  and base assembly  102  have been discussed above and will be further discussed below. In some embodiments some of these components are described as fixed together. They may be fixed together in any suitable manner as may be recognized by one of skill in the art. In some embodiments they are fixed together using adhesive. 
     For example, as shown in  FIG. 4 , a lower surface of tray  120  may be fixed to base shell  110  by adhesive  192 . Pillow layer  130  may be fixed to tray  120  by adhesive  194 . Protective layer  140  may be similarly fixed to pillow layer  130  by adhesive. Lid shell  160 , pillow layer  170 , and protective layer  180  may be similarly fixed together by adhesive. 
     In some embodiments, base assembly  102  may be simplified, and instead of a tray assembly with a tray, pillow layer, and protective layer as described above, it may include tray  120  having a cavity  126  recessed therein, where cavity  126  is formed by a retaining sidewall  128  formed to correspond to the outer profile of item  60 , as shown, for example, in  FIGS. 8 and 9 . Item-receiving surface  142  may form a bottom surface of cavity  126 . Retaining sidewall  128  may fit around item  60  closely so as not to allow horizontal motion of item  60  within cavity  126 . This may be accomplished by forming retaining sidewall  128  to match the outer profile of item  60 . Vertical motion of item  60  may be prevented by lid assembly  106 , which, when positioned over base assembly  102  in a closed configuration of packaging  10 , may position protective surface  180  thereof above item  60  without enough space for item  60  to move vertically outside the bounds of retaining sidewall  128 . 
     In some embodiments, as shown, for example, in  FIGS. 8 and 9 , to maintain item  60  in the proper vertical position relative to base shell  110  the portion of tray  120  defining its cavity  126  is raised off of bottom surface  116  of cavity  114  of base shell  110 . In some such embodiments, in order to increase structural integrity of base assembly  102 , a shim  122  may be disposed between and fixed to tray  120  and base shell  110 , to bridge a gap that would otherwise be present between the portion of tray  120  defining its cavity  126  and bottom surface  116  of cavity  114  of base shell  110 . 
     Packaging  10  is well-suited to storing and protecting item  60  not only during shipment and retail handling, but also after its sale to a consumer. Packaging  10  provides a robust, re-usable case and/or dock for item  60  that a consumer may desire in order to protect item  60  and to keep it in optimum condition. 
     Because packaging  10  may be used as a case after its sale to a consumer, a purveyor may wish to maintain the appearance and integrity of packaging  10  itself, and not to overburden packaging  10  with accessories and documentation that may accompany device  60 . To accomplish this, an outer packaging assembly  20  may be used to itself package packaging  10  along with related accessories and documentation. As shown in  FIG. 10 , outer packaging assembly  20  may include an outer box lid  210 , an outer box base  220 , a collar  230 , an accessory tray  240 , a document sleeve  250 , and a paper wrap  260 . 
     Outer box lid  210  and outer box base  220  may cover and enclose the rest of packaging assembly  20  and packaging  10 . Collar  230  may include support panels  232  and an opening  234  for providing support for accessory tray  240  and providing an area to receive recesses thereof, respectively. Accessory tray  240  may be formed of a molded material to form recesses  242 , such as, for example, plastic, or molded fiber. In some embodiments, bottom surfaces of recesses  242  are formed of microfiber, to protect accessories placed therein. Recesses  242  of accessory tray  240  may be used to hold accessories provided with item  60  (e.g., power cable, earphones). Document sleeve  250  may be disposed above accessory tray  240  and enclose documentation provided with item  60 . Paper wrap  260  may be wrapped around packaging  10  to protect it from damage (e.g., scratches) during assembly, shipping, and other handling. For example, paper wrap  260  may protect the integrity and legibility of any markings, etchings, or surface treatments that may be formed on the exterior of packaging  10 . 
       FIGS. 11-13 and 15-17  illustrate packaging  30  according to some embodiments of the present invention. Packaging  30  includes a base assembly  302  and a lid assembly  306 . Base assembly  302  and lid assembly  306  are separable from each other, and can be coupled together to enclose an inner area, within which item  60  may be stored. 
       FIG. 11  shows base assembly  302  in an exploded view, along with item  60 . Base assembly  302  may include a base shell  310 , a tray assembly  304 , and a charging assembly  40  (see  FIG. 14 ). Tray assembly  304  may be formed from a single tray, as shown in  FIG. 11 , or an assembly of multiple components as shown in  FIG. 17 , for example. 
     Base shell  310  may be formed of a material having a relatively high hardness (e.g., as compared to some internal packaging components as will be described), sufficient to maintain its shape and protect internal components of packaging  30  and item  60  contained therein. For example, base shell  310  may be formed of molded or machined plastic (e.g., polycarbonate) or metal (e.g., aluminum). In some embodiments base shell  310  forms an outer side surface  312  and an inner cavity  314 . Cavity  314  may at least partially contain internal components of packaging  30  and item  60 . 
     Tray assembly may include an item-receiving surface  342  upon which item  60  may be retained within packaging  30 . Item-receiving surface  342  may be formed of a material having a relatively low hardness (e.g., as compared to base shell  310 ), to protect item  60 , which comes into contact with item-receiving surface  342  when item  60  is stored within packaging  30 . For example, item-receiving surface  342  may be formed of a microfiber material. 
     In some embodiments, tray assembly  304  is received within cavity  314  of base shell  310 . In some embodiments outer dimensions of tray assembly  304  match inner dimensions of cavity  314  formed by side surfaces  317  thereof. This dimensional correspondence helps maintain the position of tray assembly  304  relative to base shell  310 , which in turn helps maintain the position of item  60 . 
     In some embodiments, a charging assembly  40  is incorporated into packaging  30 , e.g., within base assembly  302  (see, e.g.,  FIGS. 11-13 ). But charging assembly  40  may not be included in some embodiments (see, e.g.,  FIGS. 16 and 17 ). In embodiments including charging assembly  40 , it may be mounted to base assembly  302  (e.g., to base shell  310  via a mount  430 ) and may include a post  420  that extends up through item-receiving surface  342  to position a charging element  410  coupled to post  420  on or just above item-receiving surface  342 , as shown, for example, in  FIG. 11 . Post  420  is not limited to the cylindrical form shown, but can have any form connecting charging element  410  to other elements or charging assembly  40  or packaging assembly  20 . 
     Charging element  410  may supply power to item  60  (e.g., to a battery or other power-storage element thereof) when item  60  is disposed on item-receiving surface  342 . Charging element  410  may be electrically connected to an electrical port  460  accessible through outer side surface  312  of base shell  310 . Electrical port  460  may be configured to receive input from a plug configured for any power and/or data standard (e.g., Universal Serial Bus or MagSafe® (owned by Apple Inc.)) and/or one with a bespoke design. In some embodiments, as shown, for example, in  FIGS. 12-14 , charging element  410  is a circular puck. But the shape of charging element  410  need not be circular or puck-shaped. It can have any suitable shape for coupling to and/or providing power to an item  60 . In some embodiments, a charging surface  412  of charging element  410  has a shape corresponding to a surface of item  60 . For example, charging element  410  may have a concave charging surface, and item  60  may have a similarly sized and shaped convex surface sized and shaped to be received by concave charging surface  412 . Charging element  410  and other components of charging assembly  40  may have the same characteristics as those described with reference to similar components disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Nos. 62/045,470; 62/045,474; 62/045,455; and/or 62/045,457, all filed Sep. 3, 2014. Each of these applications is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     Charging element  410  may be connected to electrical port  460  via a wired connection (e.g., via wire  450 ), which may include at least wires for supplying power (e.g., common and ground) or wires for supplying data. Power or data from a device or resource connected to electrical port  460  may be transferred to charging element  410  via wire  450  and post  420 , which may also include wires passing therethrough to carry such power or data. 
       FIG. 14  illustrates an exploded view of charging assembly  40  extending through item-receiving surface  342  of tray assembly  304 . In some embodiments, charging assembly  40  includes charging element  410 , post  420 , mount  430 , an anchor  440 , wire  450 , and electrical port  460 . In some embodiments, charging element  410  is an inductive charging element having an induction coil  416  disposed therein, and provides power to a device placed in proximity to it via an electromagnetic field, without requiring a wired connection (e.g., by inducing a current in a coil of the device). Inductive charging element  410  may power a device (e.g., item  60 ) most efficiently when charging element  410  is in a particular position relative to the device. Optimal positioning can help increase charging efficiency, which increases as charging element  410  and a receiver coil of an electronic device (e.g., item  60 ) become better aligned. In some embodiments, to facilitate optimal positioning of charging element  410  and item  60  to be charged, charging element pivots toward item  60  when item  60  is placed in proximity thereto, such that charging element  410  positions itself in an optimal power-transfer position. Such pivoting may occur about a horizontal axis (e.g., an axis parallel to product-receiving surface  342 ). 
     Motion of charging element  410  relative to base assembly  302  (e.g., by pivoting in the manner described) helps maintain charging efficiency among differently-shaped items  60  or different positions of item  60  within packaging  30 . In some embodiments, charging element may move in ways other than pivoting as described, alternatively or in addition to such pivoting. For example charging element  410  may rotate about an axis that moves with charging element  410  as it pivots as described above, such as an axis through post  420 . In some embodiments charging element may translate along such an axis (e.g., the axis of post  420 ). 
     In some embodiments, charging element  410  has a neutral, or default, position in which it is tilted toward a center of item-receiving surface  342 , away from an intended location of item  60  (or at least of the portion of item  60  configured to receive power inductively). When a user places item  60  in proximity to charging element  410 , charging element  410  tilts toward item  60  to position itself in an optimum (or at least better) position to transfer power to item  60  inductively. For example, charging element  410  may tilt about an axis of mount  430 , to which charging element  410  may be coupled via post  420 . 
     The neutral position of charging element  410  may be maintained in the absence of item  60  (or any other item that may apply an outside force on charging element  410 ) through its support structure, which includes mount  430 . Mount  430  may receive post  420  in an opening  434  of mount  430 , and may include a leaf spring such as rocker spring  432 . Mount  430  is mounted to a substrate of base assembly  302 . In some embodiments mount  430  is rotatably mounted to bottom surface  316  of cavity  314  of base shell  310 . Mount  430  may be mounted thereto via anchors  440  that confine protrusions of mount  430  to permit rotation of mount  430  relative to anchors  440 . 
     Rocker spring  432  may bias mount  430  in the neutral position. For example, rocker spring  432  may apply a biasing force against any element of base assembly  302  that charging element  410  moves relative to. For example, it may apply a biasing force against a bottom surface of tray assembly  304 , as shown in the configuration of  FIG. 14 . In some embodiments, the biasing force is tuned so as to be overcome by a magnetic force produced by charging element  410  in proximity to item  60 . In some embodiments, charging element  410  includes a magnet  414  to produce such magnetic force. The magnetic force of magnet  414  overcomes the biasing force of rocker spring  432  when charging element  410  is in proximity to item  60 , thereby causing charging element  410  to rotate (about an axis of mount  430 ) and tilt toward item  60  into an optimal position to inductively provide power to item  60  (while causing attendant rotation of mount  430  and post  420 ). In addition to driving charging element  410  to tilt toward and magnetically couple to item  60 , the magnetic attraction between charging element  410  and item  60  may help maintain item  60  in position within packaging assembly  20  (e.g., when packaging assembly  20  containing item  60  is handled or stored, such as during shipping or stocking). 
     In some embodiments, rocker spring  432  is directly fixed to tray assembly  304 , and post mount  430  acts as a rocker that pushes on the spring when moved away from its neutral position, thereby providing similar biasing force as described above. In such embodiments, post mount  430  may be free from direct attachment to base shell  310  or tray assembly  304 , and may not be confined by, for example, anchors  440 . 
     To help a user locate item  60  properly to induce rotation of charging element  410  into its optimal charging position, tray assembly  304  may include a location feature  344 . In some embodiments location feature  344  may be a graphic marking to show a user where to place item  60  (e.g., an “X” or a bull&#39;s-eye pattern). In some embodiments, as shown in, e.g.,  FIGS. 13-17 , location feature  344  may be a physical indentation in item-receiving surface  342  of tray assembly  304 . Indentation  344  may also help maintain the position of item  60  under influence of magnetic force from charging element  410 , thereby helping to drive rotation of charging element  410  to the optimal charging position. A corresponding indentation  382  in lid assembly  306  (see  FIG. 12 ) may assist this function. Together, lower indentation  344  and upper indentation  382  may capture opposing sides of item  60  (e.g., opposing sides of a smartwatch face in the case where item  60  is a smartwatch) to securely hold it therebetween. 
     Lower indentation  344  and upper indentation  382  may have any suitable shape, and may be the same or different shapes. For example, one or both of lower indentation  344  and upper indentation  382  may be in an oval shape, as shown in  FIGS. 13-17 . In some embodiments, one or both of lower indentation  344  and upper indentation  382  may be ring-shaped to fit the profile of item  60  (e.g., opposing sides of a smartwatch face and band in the case where item  60  is a smartwatch). In some embodiments, one or both of lower indentation  344  and upper indentation  382  may be circular to support the outer sides of item  60  (e.g., outer sides of a smartwatch face and band in the case where item  60  is a smartwatch) 
     In some embodiments, lower indentation  344  and upper indentation  382  may be asymmetric. That is, one of lower indentation  344  and upper indentation  382  may be deeper or sized differently than the other. For example, in some embodiments lower indentation  344  is deeper than upper indentation  382 , to accommodate an asymmetrical feature of item  60  (e.g., a crown or other control knob or button thereof, as where item  60  is a watch). Also for example, in some embodiments upper indentation  382  is deeper than lower indentation  344 , to accommodate an asymmetrical feature of item  60  (e.g., a crown or other control knob or button thereof, as where item  60  is a watch). In some embodiments the deeper indentation  344 ,  382  is a drawn-out version of the shape of the less-deep indentation  344 ,  382 . In some embodiments the deeper indentation  344 ,  382  has a shape with a sub-indentation therein, to localize depth where it is to accommodate protruding elements of item  60 . 
     In some embodiments (see, e.g.,  FIG. 14 ) one or both of indentations  344 ,  382  may include a ridge  345 ,  383  built up around the indentation  344 ,  382 , while the surface around the ridge remains lower than the ridge. This can allow indentation  344 ,  382  to be deeper than the distance from the surrounding surface to the bottom of the indentation, to better retain item  60  while avoiding a reduction in distance between the surfaces surrounding indentations  344 ,  382  when packaging  30  is closed. 
     In some embodiments, charging assembly  40  may not include a post (e.g., post  420 ), and instead charging element  410  itself is directly attached to rotatable mount such as mount  430 . In some embodiments, charging element  410  does not rotate with respect to base assembly  302 . In such embodiments, charging assembly may not include a post (e.g., post  420 ), mount (e.g., mount  430 ). or anchor (e.g., anchor  440 ), and charging element  410  may be fixed relative to base assembly  102  or  302 . For example, charging element  410  may be fixed in a position above item-receiving surface  342  (such as is shown, for example, in  FIGS. 12 and 13 ) by a fastening mechanism, such as, for example, adhesive, a screw, a rivet, a press-fit, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, charging element  410  may be fixed in a position below an item-receiving surface (e.g., below item-receiving surface  142  or  342 ). In embodiments where charging element  410  is fixed relative to base assembly  102  or  302 , it is fixed in a position in alignment with an intended position for item  60  to be placed within the packaging (e.g., packaging  10  or  20 ). More specifically, the position of element  410  is fixed in a position in alignment with an intended position of a receiver coil of item  60 , to which it can transfer power inductively. 
     To assemble charging assembly  40  within packaging  30 , in some embodiments it is helpful to have some slack in wire  450 . For example, in some assembly processes one end of wire  450  (e.g., connected to electrical port  460 ) is connected to opening  318  within cavity  314  of base assembly  302  while the other end is extended through tray assembly  304  and connected to charging element  410 . See  FIG. 21 , for example. Slack is helpful in order to have the ability to make this connection to opening  318  before seating tray assembly  304  within cavity  314 . But it is also helpful to be able to control where wire  450  ends up after tray assembly  304  is seated within cavity  314 . Since access to wire  450  is lost while tray assembly  304  is seated within cavity  314 , its position cannot be manually controlled. 
     To control the final position of wire  450  during such “blind assembly,” in some embodiments wire  450  includes a spring wire  452  along with other power and/or data wires  454 . In some embodiments, power and/or data wires  454  are positioned radially around spring wire  452 . In some embodiments wire  450  includes an outer jacket or sheath  456  containing spring wire  452  and data wires  454 , as shown, for example, in  FIGS. 22 and 23 , which show an end, or cross-sectional, view of wire  450 . Spring wire  452  may be formed of a high modulus material that does not yield or plastically deform (e.g., spring steel, piano wire, shape memory wire). Spring wire  452  may have a pre-set natural shape (e.g., including one or more loops or coils) that it predictably collapses into in the absence of applied tension (e.g., when stretched out to perform assembly processes). Spring wire  452  may drive collapse of wire  450  into its pre-set natural shape. For example, spring wire  452  may have a natural shape including one or more loops or coils  458  between ends thereof (see, e.g.,  FIG. 24 ), and so upon seating of tray assembly  304  into cavity  314 , spring wire  452  may control motion of wire  450  to collapse in the same shape, thereby locating wire  450  in a predictable and stable location within cavity  314 . In some embodiments, wire  450  may be formed with a pre-set default shape having a coil with only a single turn (see, e.g.,  FIGS. 24A and 24B , which show wire  450  in isolation), in order to minimize the height of the coil. In some embodiments, outer jacket or sheath  456  may be shaped to conform to the pre-set shape of spring wire  452 . In some embodiments, outer jacket or sheath  456  may be formed of a Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (e.g., Teflon® by DuPont®) to provide stiffness. 
     In some embodiments, the pre-set shape of wire  450  can be defined by heating outer jacket or sheath  456  above a threshold degree, while wire  450  is held in the desired shape. In such embodiments, the pre-set shape of wire  450  may be controlled by outer jacket or sheath  456 , and in such embodiments spring wire  452  may be omitted. In some embodiments, heating may be performed in, for example an oven. In some embodiments, heating may be performed in, for example, a bath, in order to heat more quickly and with greater temperature control than in an oven. For example, wire  450  may be assembled including outer jacket or sheath  456  and power and/or data wires  454 . Assembled wire  450  may then be cut to its desired length. Ends of cut wire  450  may then be sealed with glue (e.g., by being dipped into glue). Sealed wire  450  may then be wrapped around a form (e.g., a fixture). Wire  450  wrapped around the form may then be submerged in a heated bath. Wire  450  wrapped around the form may then be submerged in a cooling bath. Heating wire  450  above a certain temperature and then cooling wire  450  below the temperature can cause outer jacket or sheath  456  (and wire  450 ) to retain the shape it was in when it was heated above the temperature, absent applied tension (thereby defining its pre-set natural shape). Wire  450  may then be removed from the form, and its sealed ends cut off. Wire  450  may then be connected between components, and may be stretched and deformed from its pre-set natural shape (e.g., to reach components that are farther apart during assembly than they will be after assembly). Wire  450  will return to its pre-set natural shape once the tension applied to deform it is removed (e.g., after assembly). 
     These structures and techniques, including spring wire  452  and/or spring outer jacket or sheath  456 ) can be used to predictably control the position of a wire in many contexts and for many purposes. For example, as depicted in  FIG. 25 , it may be desired to keep a wire  450  extending within an electronic device  90  (e.g., connecting internal components  92  and  94 ) in a stable position to avoid interference with other internal components  96  therein. In such a situation, the natural state of wire  450  can be set (by spring wire  452  and/or spring outer jacket or sheath  456 ) to extend around those other components  96 .  FIG. 25  shows an internal representation of electronic device  90 . Spring wire  452  and/or spring outer jacket or sheath  456  can be used to make a wire follow any predetermined path  459 . Since spring wire  452  and/or spring outer jacket or sheath  456  naturally tends toward its natural position, in many applications it may reduce or eliminate the need for fasteners to keep itself (and the wire containing it) in place. 
     In some embodiments, packaging  30  also includes a clip assembly  350 . Clip assembly  350  can also assist in locating item  60  in a desired location on tray assembly  304 . For example, in the case where item  60  is a smartwatch, a band thereof may extend around clip  350 . In some embodiments, clip assembly  350  is removable. This can be beneficial since clip  350  may provide optimal support for item  60  during shipping and handling, but an end user may find it easier to re-use packaging  30  without clip assembly  350 , and to rely on other features of packaging  30  to retain item  60  (e.g., indentations  344  and  382 , or charging element  410 ). A user may also find it easier to locate item  60  in an optimal position for charging with clip assembly  350  removed. 
     Portions of packaging  30  that may come into contact with item  60  while item  60  is disposed therein may be formed of a soft, non-marring material, such as microfiber. For example, item-receiving surface  342  may be defined by a protective layer  340  of tray assembly  304 , and may be formed of microfiber, and an outer surface of clip assembly  350  may be defined by a protective layer  356 , which may be formed of microfiber. 
     In some embodiments, as shown, for example, in  FIG. 17 , tray assembly  304  may be formed of several sub-components, such as, for example, pillow layer  330  and protective layer  340 . Base shell  310  may be disposed beneath pillow layer  330  and protective layer  340 , and pillow layer  330  may be fixed thereto. 
     In some embodiments, base shell  310  may include a riser  311  that provides a surface  313  to which pillow layer  330  is affixed. Surface  313  may be maintained spaced apart from bottom surface  316  to leave room for lower indentation  344  to extend downward from item-receiving surface  342 . 
     In some embodiments, the relatively high hardness of base shell  310  is sufficient to maintain its shape and that of other components of tray assembly  304  that may be relatively softer (e.g., pillow layer  330  and protective layer  340 ) contained therein. Tray assembly  304  may be positioned in contact with base shell  304 , and may itself define a portion of inner cavity  314  when disposed within base shell  304 . 
     In some embodiments, as shown, for example, in  FIG. 17 , clip assembly  350  may be formed of several sub-components, such as, for example, clip  352 , substrate layer  354 , and protective layer  356 . Clip  352  may be formed of a relatively hard, resilient material that is resistant to deformation and maintains the shape of clip assembly  350  at ambient temperature. For example, clip assembly  350  may have a C-shape as shown. In some embodiments it may have other shapes, such as a circle or oval. To achieve its final shape, clip  352  may be formed of a thermoformable material (e.g., thermoplastic) that can be heated and formed into its final shape. Example forming processes are described below. The C-shape in the illustrated embodiments provides an outer surface about which a band of item  60  can be disposed (e.g., a watch band), while the opening in the C-shape provides an area for a display housing of item  60  (e.g., a watch). In some embodiments, a rear of item  60  (e.g., rear of a watch) may receive power from charging element  410  through the opening in the C-shape of clip assembly  350 . 
     Substrate layer  354  may be fixed to clip  352 . In some embodiments substrate layer  354  is formed of material softer than clip  352 , for example ABS thermoplastic, and may act as a support layer, providing support and cushioning as described above with respect to pillow layers  130  and  330 . In some embodiments substrate layer  354  is formed of polycarbonate. In some embodiments protective layer  356  is may be formed of the same or a softer material than base shell  310 , and in some embodiments may be formed of a softer material than substrate layer  354  (e.g., a relatively soft thermoplastic material (e.g., ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) or a relatively soft foam material (e.g., silicone foam, EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate) foam)). Protective layer  356  may have low propensity to mar other materials into which it comes into contact. For example, in some embodiments protective layer  356  is formed of a microfiber material as described above with respect to protective layers  140  and  340 . Microfiber protective layer  356  may have a debossed outer periphery (e.g., where microfiber wraps around edges of clip  352 , or where microfiber from one side of clip  352  meets microfiber from the other side of clip  352 ). This debossing may be uneven, in that the inner side of the periphery is debossed more (i.e., deeper) than the outer side of the periphery. This can help maintain a consistent edge of the clip assembly  350  during its forming process (described below). 
     In some embodiments the entire outer surface of clip assembly  350  may be formed of protective layer  356  (e.g., microfiber), for example surrounding substrate layer  354  (e.g., laminated thereto). In such embodiments clip  352  may be omitted. 
     In some embodiments, clip assembly  350  is assembled in a flat state and then thermoformed around a mold to its final shape. For example, flat clip assembly  350  may be heated and then drawn over a form  710  (e.g., a mandrel-shaped form). 
       FIGS. 26-32  illustrate an example of this process.  FIG. 26  shows a clip forming mechanism  700  having multiple clip troughs  702 . Carrier strips  712  are positioned within clip troughs  702 , and are connected at their ends to actuators  704 . In some embodiments, clip assembly  350  is heated (e.g., in an oven, such as, for example, a conveyor belt oven) to bring its temperature above a point at which its materials will be pliable or plastically deformable. In some embodiments, clip assembly  350  may be thermoplastic or contain thermoplastic layers. In some embodiments, the temperature of clip assembly  350  is brought above the point at which its materials (e.g., thermoplastics) will be pliable or plastically deformable (e.g., above its glass transition temperature or that of its thermoplastic components), but below a point that could introduce cosmetic or other flaws into clip assembly  350 . For example, in some embodiments, clip assembly  350  is heated to a surface temperature of 120 degrees Celsius (C) (+/−10 degrees C.). Temperature is controlled to make clip assembly  350  sufficiently pliable to accept a new shape, but to avoid temperatures that are too hot, at which surfaces of clip assembly  350  may singe or discolor, and edges may deform and become wavy or otherwise inconsistent. To achieve a suitable temperature range, an oven temperature may be set at 220 degrees Celsius (C) (+/−5 degrees C.) to achieve a conveyor convective air outlet temperature of 180 degrees C. (+/−5 degrees C.), and clip assembly  350  may be maintained within the oven for 60 seconds (+/−5 seconds) (e.g., travelling along a conveyor belt of the oven for 60 seconds). 
     As shown in  FIG. 27 , heated clip assembly  350  may then be disposed beneath form  710  in trough  702 , and may follow the shape of trough  702 . Clip assembly  350  may be placed in trough  702  so that its more-deeply-debossed side faces upward. This orientation will help minimize waviness that may otherwise be introduced into the peripheral edges of clip assembly  350  by the forming process, since deformation forces will be introduced to the edge primarily from one side. Trough  702  may be formed with a curved bottom at its center (e.g., in a V- or U-shape, curved in the length direction of the trough) and may have a length and width equal to that of clip assembly  350 , which can help locate clip assembly  350  centered in trough  702 , with the center of clip assembly  350  positioned directly below the center of form  710 . This will help the final clip assembly  350  be symmetrical in shape. 
     Clip assembly  350  may be supported on the side opposite form  710  by carrier strip  712 . Carrier strip  712  may be formed of a flexible material having high strength and thermal stability, such as, for example, stainless steel (or, in some embodiments, a plastic film). Clip assembly  350  and form  710  may then be brought into contact (e.g., form  710  may be lowered onto clip assembly  350  in the direction of arrow  714  as shown in  FIG. 28 ). Still in its heated state clip assembly  350  may then be evenly drawn around form  710  from both ends by carrier  712 , as shown in  FIG. 29 . For example, actuators  704  can be actuated to move inward toward form  710 , drawing carrier strips  712  and carried clip assembly  350  around form  710  through the connection of carrier strips  712  to actuators  704 , as shown in  FIG. 29 . Actuators  704  may fully extend to fully wrap clip assembly  350  around form  710 , as shown in  FIG. 30 . Actuators  704  may remain extended in this way to hold clip assembly  350  around form  710  until clip assembly  350  is cooled sufficiently to hold its shape on its own (e.g., for 20-30 seconds, allowing clip assembly  350  to cool sufficiently to cause it to solidify and retain its new shape (e.g., below its glass transition temperature or that of its thermoplastic components)). Cooling may be promoted by passing air or other fluid over clip assemblies  350  (e.g., by fans blowing air) to promote convective heat transfer away from clip assemblies  350 . 
     After clip assembly  350  is cooled, actuators  704  may retract, thereby releasing clip assembly  350  from carrier strip  712 . Form  710 , with clip assemblies  350  still wrapped around it, may be raised away from troughs  702  (see  FIG. 31 ), and clip assemblies  350  may be removed from form  710  by, for example, being slid off from its front side, as shown in  FIG. 32 . To facilitate such forming and removal, form  710  may be connected to the rest of clip forming mechanism  700  by only its rear side, and may have no obstruction from its forming surface to its front side, so that there is nothing obstructing the removal of clip assemblies  350 . 
     The easy insertion and centered location within troughs  702 , as well as the easy removal from form  710 , as described above, makes the clip assembly formation processes described herein suitable to simultaneous formation of multiple clip assemblies in a fast and efficient manner, suitable for consistent manufacturability on a mass production scale. The careful temperature control and even application of forming forces helps maintain consistent shape and colorfastness of clip assemblies  350 , while avoiding damage or defect (cosmetic or otherwise) in the material of clip assembly  350 , particularly its microfiber protective layer  356 . 
       FIGS. 33-35  illustrate another example of this process. In some embodiments, clip assembly  350  is heated (e.g., in an oven) to bring its temperature above a point at which its materials will be pliable or plastically deformable. As shown in  FIG. 33 , flat clip assembly  350  may then be disposed beneath form  710  in its heated state. It may be supported on the side opposite form  710  by a carrier  712 . Clip assembly  350  and form  710  may then be brought into contact (e.g., form  710  may be lowered onto clip assembly  350  in the direction of arrow  714  as shown in  FIG. 34 ). Still in its heated state clip assembly  350  may then be drawn around form  710  by carrier  712 , as shown in  FIGS. 34 and 35 . For example, forces can be applied to ends of carrier  712  to draw carrier  712  (and clip assembly  350 ) around form  710 , as shown in  FIG. 35 . Clip assembly  350  may then be allowed to cool, which can cause it to solidify and retain its new shape. 
     In some embodiments, as shown, for example, in  FIG. 17 , lid assembly  306  may be formed of several sub-components, such as, for example, lid shell  360 , pillow layer  370 , and protective layer  380 . Lid shell  360  may be formed similarly to base shell  310  and lid shell  260  described above, i.e., of a material having a relatively high hardness compared to internal packaging components, sufficient to maintain its shape and protect internal components of packaging  30  and item  60  contained therein. For example, lid shell  360  may be formed of molded or machined plastic (e.g., polycarbonate) or metal (e.g., aluminum). 
     In some embodiments, lid shell  360  forms an inner cavity within which pillow layer  370  and protective layer  380  are disposed. In some embodiments, pillow layer  370  and protective layer  380  are fixed to an upper portion of the inner cavity of lid shell  360 , so as not to occupy the majority of the inner cavity. In some embodiments lid shell  360  includes a riser  362  that provides a surface  364  to which pillow layer  370  is affixed. Surface  364  may be maintained spaced apart from an upper interior surface of lid shell  360  to leave room for upper indentation  382  to extend upward from protective layer  380 . 
     In some embodiments lid assembly  306  is sized and shaped to mate with base assembly  302 , such that cavity  314  of base assembly  302  and the cavity of lid assembly  306  combine to form a cavity of packaging  30  within which item  60  is retained (see, e.g.,  FIGS. 15 and 18 ). 
     Pillow layer  370  may be fixed to an inner surface of lid shell  360 , similarly as described above with reference to pillow layer  170  and  FIG. 7 . Pillow layer may be formed of the same or a softer material than lid shell  360  (e.g., a relatively soft thermoplastic material (e.g., ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) or a relatively soft foam material (e.g., silicone foam, EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate) foam)). 
     Protective layer  380  may be fixed to a lower side of pillow layer  370  (or may be fixed directly to lid shell  360  in embodiments without pillow layer  370  or with a pillow layer that only partially covers the area between lid shell  360  and protective layer  380 ). Protective layer  380  may be formed of a softer material than lid shell  360 , and in some embodiments may be formed of a softer material than pillow layer  370  (e.g., a relatively soft thermoplastic material (e.g., ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) or a relatively soft foam material (e.g., silicone foam, EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate) foam)). Protective layer  380  may have low propensity to mar other materials into which it comes into contact. For example, in some embodiments protective layer  380  is formed of a microfiber material. 
     When lid assembly  306  is positioned on base assembly  302  such that packaging  30  is in a closed configuration, an inner surface of protective layer  380  may come into contact with item  60 . Pillow layer  370  may act as a support layer, and may provide support and cushioning for item  60  disposed on item-receiving surface  342  of tray assembly  304  by providing a more yielding substance than that of lid shell  360  between item  60  and lid shell  360 . In some embodiments, pillow layer  370  acts as a substrate to protective layer  380 , providing a yielding surface upon which protective layer  380  is disposed. In combination with lid shell  360 , pillow layer  370  and protective layer  380  provide a soft, non-marring, dimensionally-stable inner surface for lid assembly  306 . 
     Various components of lid assembly  306 , clip assembly  350 , and base assembly  302  have been discussed above and will be further discussed below. In some embodiments some of these components are described as fixed together. They may be fixed together in any suitable manner as may be recognized by one of skill in the art. In some embodiments they are fixed together using adhesive. 
     For example, as shown in  FIG. 17 , a lower surface of riser  311  may be fixed to an interior of base shell  310  by adhesive  391 . Pillow layer  330  may be fixed to riser  311  by adhesive  392 . Protective layer  340  may be fixed to pillow layer  330  by adhesive  393 . Clip substrate  354  may be fixed to clip  352  by adhesive. Protective layer  356  of clip assembly  350  may be fixed to clip substrate by adhesive  397 . Riser  364  may be fixed to an interior of lid shell  360  by adhesive  396 . Pillow layer  370  of lid assembly  306  may be fixed to riser  364  by adhesive  395 . Protective layer  380  may be fixed to pillow layer  370  by adhesive  394 . Adhesives described herein may be, for example, thermoplastic adhesives. 
     Packaging  30  is well-suited to storing and protecting item  60  not only during shipment and retail handling, but also after its sale to a consumer. Packaging  30  provides a robust, re-usable case and/or dock for item  60  that a consumer may desire in order to protect item  60  and to keep it in optimum condition. Further, in embodiments including charging assembly  40 , packaging  30  becomes a re-usable charging station for item  60  to help a user conveniently recharge a battery of item  60 . 
     Because packaging  30  may be used as a case after its sale to a consumer, a purveyor may wish to maintain the appearance and integrity of packaging  30  itself, and not to overburden packaging  30  with accessories and documentation that may accompany device  60 . To accomplish this, an outer packaging assembly  50  may be used to itself package packaging  30  along with related accessories and documentation. As shown in  FIG. 18 , outer packaging assembly  50  may include an outer box lid  510 , an outer box base  520 , a collar  530 , an accessory tray  540 , and a document sleeve  550 . Outer packaging assembly  50  may also include a paper wrap similar to paper wrap  260  of  FIG. 10 . 
     Outer box lid  510  and outer box base  520  may cover and enclose the rest of packaging assembly  50  and packaging  30 . Collar  530  may include support ridge  532  and an opening  534  for providing support for accessory tray  540  and providing an area to receive recesses thereof, respectively. Accessory tray  540  may be formed of a molded material to form recesses  542 , such as, for example, plastic, or molded fiber. Recesses  542  of accessory tray  540  may be used to hold accessories provided with item  60  (e.g., power cable, earphones). In some embodiments, bottom surfaces of recesses  542  are formed of microfiber, to protect accessories placed therein. Document sleeve  550  may be disposed above accessory tray  540  and enclose documentation provided with item  60 . Paper wrap may be wrapped around packaging  30  to protect it from damage (e.g., scratches) during assembly, shipping, and other handling. 
     Some embodiments of the present invention include item covers to protect certain areas of item  60 . For example,  FIG. 19  shows a protective item face cover  810 , and  FIG. 20  shows a protective item rear cover  820 . Either or both of item face cover  810  and item rear cover  820  can be used with either of packaging  10  or  30 , with any other type of packaging, or independently of packaging. Item face cover  810  may be disposed on and covering a face of item  60  (e.g., the face of a watch in the event item  60  is a watch, including a smartwatch) to protect the face. Item rear cover  820  may be disposed on and covering a rear surface of item  60  (e.g., the rear surface of a watch in the event item  60  is a watch, including a smartwatch) to protect the rear surface. Item face cover  810  and item rear cover  820  may be removable by a user, and may be disposable, such that they are intended to protect their respective surfaces during shipment and handling, but are intended to be removed and disposed of by an end user. 
     Item covers  810  and  820  may be compression molded, and may have three-dimensional form and detail. Item covers  810  and  820  may be formed of a relatively yielding material, such as, for example, silicon, and may have a protective cover layer formed of, for example, a polyester material such as Mylar®, a spray-coated silicon, or both (e.g., a spray-coated silicon over a polyester material). For example, item face cover  810  may have a contact surface  812  for contacting and covering the face of item  60 , and item rear cover  820  may have a contact surface  822  for contacting and covering the rear of item  60 . Contact surfaces  812  and  822  may each have a non-flat shape, e.g., a three-dimensional curvature to correspond to a curvature of the shape of item  60 . In some embodiments, in order to appropriately mate with a convex-curved surface of item  60 , contact surface  812  or  822  may have a concave curve. In some embodiments, contact surfaces  812  and  822  may have non-continuous curvatures, so as to define distinct and separate curvatures thereof (e.g., two areas of concave curvature that are not tangential at a joining edge thereof). Due to the compression-molded shape of item covers  810  and  820 , contact surfaces  812  and  822  may maintain their shapes (e.g., concave curved) in the absence of any applied force. 
     In some embodiments, the thickness of item covers  810  and  820  varies. For example, the distance between contact surfaces  812  and  822  and opposing respective outer surfaces  814  and  824  may be different at different points on contact surfaces  812  and  822 . For example, this distance may be greater near centers of item covers  810  and  820  (in order to provide greater protection and cushioning at centers of protected areas of item  60 ), and may taper to a lesser distance toward peripheral edges of item covers  810  and  820 . 
     In some embodiments, packaging  10  or packaging  30  may include markings or etchings on an exterior surface thereof (e.g., laser etching). In some embodiments, exterior surfaces of base shells  110  and  310  and/or lid shells  160  and  360   10  may have surface treatments applied, such as, for example, painting or anodizing, or may be wrapped in an outer material, such as, for example, microfiber or leather. 
     In some embodiments packaging  10  or packaging  30  is wrapped in leather  830  (see, e.g.,  FIG. 36 ). For example, in some embodiments leather  830  may be steamed (e.g., saturated with water vapor or other vapor at high temperature) to temporarily increase its elasticity and then stretched over shell  110 ,  160 ,  310 , and/or  360 . An adhesive may be disposed between leather  830  and shell  110 ,  160 ,  310 , and/or  360  to maintain leather  830  in shape over shell  110 ,  160 ,  310 , and/or  360  after leather  830  dries. 
     As leather  830  dries, it may tend toward contracting in some areas, which could put stress on shell  110 ,  160 ,  310 , and/or  360 . To reinforce shell  110 ,  160 ,  310 , and/or  360  against such stress, or to increase strength of shell  110 ,  160 ,  310 , and/or  360  for other reasons, shell  110 ,  160 ,  310 , and/or  360  may be formed of a high-strength material, for example, a glass-filled resin such as polycarbonate. Such a high strength material as glass-filled polycarbonate can help shell  110 ,  160 ,  310 , and/or  360  maintain its shape (e.g., not warping or bowing) under tension applied by drying and dried leather  830 , and under the effect of heat applied during the leather application process. 
     In some embodiments, portions  832  of the leather may be debossed (e.g., to show text or a logo impressed into the leather). See, e.g.,  FIG. 36 . To form such debossed areas, a supported punch  840  may be used. See, e.g.,  FIGS. 37-39 . Such supported punch  840  may include one or more punches  842  in the shape(s) to be debossed, and a support plate  844  surrounding and abutting at least a portion of punch  842  (including, for example, the entire perimeter(s) of punch(es)  842  as shown in  FIG. 37 ). To deboss leather  830 , supported punch  840  may be lowered onto the surface of leather  830  to compress leather  830  in that area. Punch  842  may be forced onto leather  830  a greater distance than support plate  844 , to deboss the portion of leather  832  in contact with punch  842  (i.e., to lower the surface of leather  830  in debossed areas  832  relative to the rest of leather  830 ). 
     Upon compressing leather  830  beneath punch  842 , leather  830  immediately outside of the area beneath punch  842  may tend to deform due to the pressure applied by punch  842 . For example, surrounding leather may curve downward to transition to the compressed level of the debossed area, and/or may bunch up around the debossed area  832  due to compressive forces causing the leather below punch  842  to bulge out at its sides. Support plate  844  may help control this deformation by constraining the area surrounding debossed area  832 . For example, leather around debossed area  832  cannot bunch up higher than its original level where support plate  844  is held at that level, as shown in  FIG. 39 . Instead of bunching up, this leather is forced into edge corners  846  formed at the interface between punch  842  and support plate  844 . This forms a clean, crisp upper edge  834  to the debossed area  832 , which can increase its definition and visibility on packaging  30 . 
     In some embodiments lid assembly  106 ,  306  engages with base assembly  102 ,  302  by a friction fit between side portions of lid assembly  106 ,  306  and base assembly  102 ,  302  that overlap, to form closed packaging  10 ,  30 . An example of such a friction fit is illustrated in  FIG. 40 , which is a cross-sectional view of the mating portions of lid assembly  106 ,  306  and base assembly  102 ,  302 . The lateral force  732  applied between contacting sides  734  and  736  of lid assembly  106 ,  306  and base assembly  102 ,  302  produces a frictional force therebetween that tends to retain lid assembly  106 ,  306  on base assembly  102 ,  302 . Such closed packaging  10 ,  30  can be opened by applying a separating force that overcomes the friction force. Such friction fit may be around the entire perimeter of packaging  10 ,  30 , or may be only in portions of packaging  10 ,  30 . For example, in some embodiments corner curves  108 ,  308  of lid assembly  106 ,  306  and base assembly  102 ,  302  may be in clearance (i.e., not friction fit) when packaging  10 ,  30  is in the closed configuration, and only the straight sides  109 ,  309  (e.g., sides connecting the corners) may be engaged in a friction fit. See, e.g.,  FIGS. 2, 8, 12, 15 . An example of such a clearance fit is illustrated in  FIG. 41 , which is a cross-sectional view of the mating portions of lid assembly  106 ,  306  and base assembly  102 ,  302 . Since surfaces  734  and  736  are not in contact (or have no force generated therebetween due to their fit together) in such clearance fit, there is no frictional force therebetween tending to retain lid assembly  106 ,  306  on base assembly  102 ,  302 . Including a friction fit along the sides  109 ,  309  of packaging  10 ,  30  and a clearance fit at corners  108 ,  308  thereof may help a user to align lid assembly  106 ,  306  on base assembly  102 ,  302  to close packaging  10 ,  30 , and minimizes the potential for lid assembly  106 ,  306  to become stuck on base assembly  102 ,  302  (e.g., due to misalignment among corners  108 ,  308 ). In some embodiments a friction fit may be used only along one pair of opposing sides  109 ,  309 , and a clearance fit elsewhere around the perimeter of packaging  10 ,  30 . This configuration may be particularly useful where one pair of opposing sides  109 ,  309  is longer than another pair  109 ,  309 , as in packaging  10 . For example, long sides  109  of packaging  10  may engage together with a friction fit in the closed configuration, while the rest of the perimeter of packaging  10  may be in clearance. This can help keep lid assembly  106 ,  306  from pinching on the shorter sides of base assembly  102 ,  302  when a user is attempting to remove lid assembly  106 ,  306  from base assembly  102 ,  302 . 
     The fit about the perimeter of packaging  10 ,  30 , may be tailored by tailoring the draft angles of mating portions to make the portions interfere where a friction fit is desired, or not interfere where a clearance fit is desired. Such draft angles may increase or decrease gradually so as not to present a visual or tactile interruption. Other dimensions may be changed to similarly accomplish such targeted areas of friction fit and clearance as described. 
     In some embodiments lid assembly  106 ,  306  and base assembly  102 ,  302  do not engage with a friction fit, but there is a clearance between their overlapping sides around the entire perimeter of packaging  10 ,  30 . Such clearance may be desirable when, for example, packaging  10 ,  30  is wrapped in leather  830 . The clearance can minimize leather-on-leather contact to protect the leather and to provide a smoother opening and closing operation (e.g., minimize tackiness or sticking). 
     In some embodiments—for example, those where lid assembly  106 ,  306  and base assembly  102 ,  302  have clearance between their overlapping sides—lid assembly  106 ,  306  and base assembly  102 ,  302  may be retained together in the closed configuration by magnetic forces. Such magnetic forces may be induced by attraction between magnets  860  embedded within lid shell  160 ,  360  and base shell  110 ,  310 , as shown, for example, in  FIG. 42 , which is a cross-sectional view of the mating portions of lid assembly  306  and base assembly  302 . Such magnets  860  may be, for example, Neodymium magnets (e.g., N45 magnets), and in some embodiments may be shunted (i.e., may include a shunt  862 ). As shown in  FIG. 42 , in some embodiments magnets  860  may be embedded in slots  870  around the perimeter of lid shell  360  and base shell  310 , in locations that line up when packaging  30  is closed (i.e., locations that, when packaging  30  is closed, are within a magnetic field range of each other). In this way, when packaging  30  is closed magnets  860  of lid assembly  306  will come into proximity with magnets  860  of base assembly  302 , and lid assembly  306  will be held in place on base assembly  302  by attractive forces between magnets  860 . Such closed packaging  30  can be opened by applying a separating force that overcomes the magnetic force. Such magnetic closure features as described herein may also be applied to packaging  10 . 
     In some embodiments magnets  860  are embedded within slots  870  in the mating perimeters of lid shell  360  and base shell  310  (e.g., potted therein with, for example, glue). In some embodiments some magnets  860  described above may be replaced with a material that is attracted to magnets (e.g., a ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material), so that the magnetic force is produced between a magnet  860  and a material that is attracted to magnets, instead of or in addition to between magnets  860 . In some embodiments, magnetic attraction as described may be combined with a friction fit between lid assembly  306  and base assembly  302 . In some embodiments, magnets  860  are magnetized after being embedded within lid shell  360  and/or base shell  310 , and in some embodiments after lid shell  360  and/or base shell  310  are wrapped in leather  830 . This can help ensure that magnetization of magnets  860  is not degraded by manufacturing and assembly processes (e.g., heat applied while wrapping lid shell  360  and base shell  310  in leather  830 ). 
     Embodiments described herein describe packaging  10 ,  30  and structures thereof that help retain item  60  therein, so that item  60  is retained by closed packaging  10 ,  30  itself, and not additional structures or mechanisms therein or attached thereto. In other words, packaging  10 ,  30  may not include separate ties, clips, etc. that must be removed before item  60  can be removed from packaging  10 ,  30  for the first time, but item  60  is able to be held securely in place just by the structure of packaging  10 ,  30  as described above (e.g., raised boundary  136 ,  146 , magnet  150 , cavity  126 , sidewall  128 , clip assembly  350 , indentations  344 ,  382 , and the fit together of lid assembly  106 ,  306  and base assembly  102 ,  302 ). The absence of such additional retention mechanisms contributes to an impression that item  60  is floating within packaging  10 ,  30 , and makes item  60  immediately available for use upon opening packaging  10 ,  30 . It also contributes to packaging  10 ,  30 &#39;s use as a case, since the retention features are built-in and a permanent part of packaging  10 ,  30  throughout its life. This makes item  60  just as secure within packaging  10 ,  30  upon re-use of packaging  10 ,  30  as a case as it was when initially packaged at the factory. 
       FIG. 43  illustrates packaging  910  according to some embodiments of the present invention. Packaging  910  may be used to hold an item  60  which may be, for example a watch band or bracelet. Packaging  910  may include a cavity  912  within which item  60  is retained. Ends  62 ,  64  of item  60  may be retained at ends  914 ,  916  of cavity by, for example, a press-fit. Some items  60  may have overlapping portions  66  between ends  914 ,  916  of cavity  912 . For example, a watch band formed in two parts may have lug ends retained at ends  914 ,  916  of cavity  912 , and free ends that overlap between ends  914 ,  916  of cavity  912 . To reduce the potential for abrasion between overlapping portions  66  of item  60 , packaging  910  may include a pad  920  therebetween. Pad  920  may be formed of a cushioning material with a tacky exterior, so that it will provide protection and stay in place. For example, pad  920  may be formed of Mylar co-molded within silicon. 
     Subject matter related to that disclosed herein is disclosed in U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/045,476, filed on Sep. 3, 2014, titled “Packaging for an Electronic Device,” which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference thereto. 
     The foregoing descriptions of the specific embodiments described herein are presented for purposes of illustration and description. These exemplary embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. All specific details described are not required in order to practice the described embodiments. 
     It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings, and that by applying knowledge within the skill of the art, one may readily modify and/or adapt for various applications such specific embodiments, without undue experimentation, without departing from the general concept of the present invention. Such adaptations and modifications are intended to be within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments, based on the teaching and guidance presented herein. 
     The Detailed Description section is intended to be used to interpret the claims. The Summary and Abstract sections may set forth one or more but not all exemplary embodiments of the present invention as contemplated by the inventor(s), and thus, are not intended to limit the present invention and the appended claims. 
     The present invention has been described above with the aid of functional building blocks illustrating the implementation of specified functions and relationships thereof. The boundaries of these functional building blocks have been arbitrarily defined herein for the convenience of the description. Alternate boundaries can be defined so long as the specified functions and relationships thereof are appropriately performed. 
     The phraseology or terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and not limitation, such that the terminology or phraseology of the present specification is to be interpreted by the skilled artisan. 
     The breadth and scope of the present invention should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but should be defined only in accordance with the claims and their equivalents.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20150825
Publication Date: 20190507
Grant Date: 20190507
Priority Date: 20140903
Inventors: FETTERMAN, KEVIN SCOTT
BERK, Jonathan
HERSHEY, Daniel David
ANDERSON, Alissa
BURKE, Margaret Madigan
WANDERMAN, Jack
KRASNIEWICZ, Brett Evans
COXETER, Peter
STEVENSON, Benjamin Arthur
CASEBOLT, MATTHEW PHILLIP
LAM, Felix Chung Fan
MERRITT, ROBERT MICHAEL
NIIRO, Mark Toki
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H02J7/0044", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H02J7/025", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H02J7/0042", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H02J7/0044", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H02J7/0044", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H02J7/0042", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 55403654