PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-9874721-B2
Application Number: US-201514830646-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Camera lens system

Abstract:
An optical imaging lens assembly that may have six lens components. The first, third, fourth, and fifth lens components may have positive refractive power. The second and sixth lens components may have negative refractive power. The lens assembly may satisfy the relation |f/f 5 |+|f/f 6 |&lt;1.4, wherein f is a focal length of the optical imaging lens assembly, f 5  is a focal length of the fifth lens component, f 6  is a focal length of the sixth lens component. The lens assembly may also satisfy the further relation 0.8&lt;|f/f 5 |+|f/f 6 |. The first lens component may include a wafer lens having a lens element molded on one or both surfaces of a planar substrate or two wafer lenses having a lens element molded on one surface of each of two planar substrates. The wafer lens may include an electrically controlled electrochromic surface having variable light transmittance.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An optical imaging lens assembly comprising, in order sequentially from an object side to an image side: a first lens component with positive refractive power; a second lens component with negative refractive power; a third lens component with positive refractive power; a fourth lens component with positive refractive power; a fifth lens component with positive refractive power and a concave image side surface; and a sixth lens component with negative refractive power; wherein f is a focal length of the optical imaging lens assembly, f 5  is a focal length of the fifth lens component, f 6  is a focal length of the sixth lens component, and the following relations are satisfied:
   0.2 &lt;|f/f   5 |&lt;0.4 
   | f/f   5   |+|f/f   6 |&lt;1.4. 
 
     
     
       2. The optical imaging lens assembly of  claim 1  wherein the following further relation is satisfied:
   0.5&lt;| f/f   5   |+|f/f   6 |. 
 
     
     
       3. The optical imaging lens assembly of  claim 1  wherein the following further relation is satisfied:
   0.9&lt;| f/f   5   |+|f/f   6 |&lt;1.3. 
 
     
     
       4. The optical imaging lens assembly of  claim 1  wherein the following further relation is satisfied:
   1.2≦| f/f   5   |+|f/f   6 |≦1.3.
 
 
     
     
       5. The optical imaging lens assembly of  claim 1  wherein the following further relation is satisfied:
   0.9≦| f/f   5   |+|f/f   6 |≦1.0.
 
 
     
     
       6. The optical imaging lens assembly of  claim 1  wherein the first lens component includes a wafer lens having a lens element molded on a surface of a planar substrate. 
     
     
       7. The optical imaging lens assembly of  claim 6  wherein the first lens component further includes an electrochromic surface on one surface of the planar substrate. 
     
     
       8. The optical imaging lens assembly of  claim 1  wherein the first lens component includes two wafer lenses, each of the two wafer lenses having a lens element molded on only one surface of a planar substrate. 
     
     
       9. The optical imaging lens assembly of  claim 8  wherein the first lens component further includes an electrochromic surface on one surface of the planar substrate of one of the two wafer lenses. 
     
     
       10. The optical imaging lens assembly of  claim 1  wherein at least one of an object-side refracting surface or an image-side refracting surface of each of the six lens components is aspheric. 
     
     
       11. The optical imaging lens assembly of  claim 1  wherein an object-side refracting surface and an image-side refracting surface of each of the six lens components are both aspheric. 
     
     
       12. An optical imaging lens assembly comprising, in order sequentially from an object side to an image side: a first lens component with positive refractive power; a second lens component with positive refractive power; a third lens component with negative refractive power; a fourth lens component with positive refractive power; a fifth lens component with positive refractive power and a concave image side surface; and a sixth lens component with negative refractive power; wherein f is a focal length of the optical imaging lens assembly, f 5  is a focal length of the fifth lens component, f 6  is a focal length of the sixth lens component, and the following relation is satisfied:
   −0.6&lt; f/f   5   +f/f   6 &lt;−0.4.
 
 
     
     
       13. The optical imaging lens assembly of  claim 12  wherein the following further relation is satisfied:
   −0.5&lt; f/f   5   +f/f   6 &lt;−0.4.
 
 
     
     
       14. The optical imaging lens assembly of  claim 12  wherein the following further relation is satisfied:
   −0.6&lt; f/f   5   +f/f   6 &lt;−0.5.
 
 
     
     
       15. The optical imaging lens assembly of  claim 12  wherein the first lens component includes a wafer lens having a lens element molded on a surface of a planar substrate. 
     
     
       16. The optical imaging lens assembly of  claim 15  wherein the first lens component further includes an electrochromic surface on one surface of the planar substrate. 
     
     
       17. The optical imaging lens assembly of  claim 12  wherein the first lens component includes two wafer lenses, each of the two wafer lenses having a lens element molded on only one surface of a planar substrate. 
     
     
       18. The optical imaging lens assembly of  claim 17  wherein the first lens component further includes an electrochromic surface on one surface of the planar substrate of one of the two wafer lenses. 
     
     
       19. The optical imaging lens assembly of  claim 12  wherein at least one of an object-side refracting surface or an image-side refracting surface of each of the six lens components is aspheric. 
     
     
       20. The optical imaging lens assembly of  claim 12  wherein an object-side refracting surface and an image-side refracting surface of each of the six lens components are both aspheric. 
     
     
       21. A portable wireless communications device comprising: an outer housing; and a digital camera integrated inside the outer housing, the digital camera having an optical imaging lens assembly comprising, in order sequentially from an object side to an image side: a first lens component with positive refractive power; a second lens component with negative refractive power; a third lens component with positive refractive power; a fourth lens component with positive refractive power; a fifth lens component with positive refractive power and a concave image side surface; and a sixth lens component with negative refractive power; wherein f is a focal length of the optical imaging lens assembly, f 5  is a focal length of the fifth lens component, f 6  is a focal length of the sixth lens component, and the following relations are satisfied:
   0.2&lt;| f/f   5 |&lt;0.4 
   | f/f   5   |+|f/f   6 |&lt;1.4. 
 
     
     
       22. The portable wireless communications device of  claim 21  wherein the following further relation is satisfied:
   0.5&lt;| f/f   5   |+|f/f   6 |. 
 
     
     
       23. The portable wireless communications device of  claim 21  wherein the optical imaging lens assembly has a total track length of less than 6 millimeters.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims the benefit pursuant to 35 U.S.C. 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/113,970, filed Feb. 9, 2015, which application is specifically incorporated herein, in its entirety, by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Field 
     Embodiments of the invention relate to the field of lenses including a nonspherical surface; and more specifically, to lenses having six components. 
     Background 
     The advent of small mobile multipurpose devices such as smartphones, tablet or pad devices and laptop computers has resulted in a need for high resolution small form factor cameras for integration in the devices. However, due to limitations of conventional camera technology, conventional small cameras used in such devices tend to capture images at lower resolutions and/or with lower image quality than can be achieved with larger high quality cameras. Achieving higher resolution with small package size cameras generally requires use of photosensor with small pixel size and a high quality compact imaging lens system. Advances in technology have achieved reduction of the pixel size in photosensor. However, as photosensor become more compact and powerful, demand for compact imaging lens system with improved imaging quality performance has increased. 
     SUMMARY 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure may provide camera lens system designs with a large field of view (FOV) and a large aperture (low F-number) that can capture high resolution images at low background light levels for integration into electronic devices. Embodiments of the present disclosure also may provide a camera lens system design that can incorporate devices to vary the lens system focal ratio and allow adjustment of the depth of field (DOF) or exposure level of the image sensor array. 
     In some embodiments, an optical imaging lens assembly may be provided with six lens components. The first, fourth, and fifth lens components may have positive refractive power. The sixth lens component may have negative refractive power. One of the second or third lens components may have positive refractive power and the other have negative refractive power. The lens assembly may satisfy the relation |f/f 5 |+|f/f 6 |&lt;1.4, wherein f is a focal length of the optical imaging lens assembly, f 5  is a focal length of the fifth lens component, f 6  is a focal length of the sixth lens component. The lens assembly may satisfy the further relation 0.8&lt;|f/f 5 |+|f/f 6 |. The first lens component may include a wafer lens having a lens element molded on one or both surfaces of a planar substrate or two wafer lenses having a lens element molded on one surface of each of two planar substrates. The wafer lens may include an electrochromic surface having variable light transmittance in response to an applied electrical voltage. 
     Other features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the accompanying drawings and from the detailed description that follows below. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The invention may best be understood by referring to the following description and accompanying drawings that are used to illustrate embodiments of the invention by way of example and not limitation. In the drawings, in which like reference numerals indicate similar elements: 
         FIG. 1  is a cross-sectional illustration of an example embodiment of a lens system that includes six refractive lens elements. 
         FIG. 2  shows the polychromatic ray aberration curves over the half field of view and over the visible spectral band ranging 470 nm to 650 nm for the lens system illustrated in  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3  shows the polychromatic curves of spherical aberration, astigmatism, and distortion over the visible band ranging 470 nm to 650 nm for the lens system illustrated in  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional illustration of another example embodiment of a lens system that includes six refractive lens elements. 
         FIG. 5  shows the polychromatic ray aberration curves over the half field of view and over the visible spectral band ranging 470 nm to 650 nm for the lens system illustrated in  FIG. 4 . 
         FIG. 6  shows the polychromatic curves of spherical aberration, astigmatism, and distortion over the visible band ranging 470 nm to 650 nm for the lens system illustrated in  FIG. 4 . 
         FIG. 7  is a cross-sectional illustration of another example embodiment of a lens system that includes a wafer lens component and five refractive lens elements. 
         FIG. 8  shows the polychromatic ray aberration curves over the half field of view and over the visible spectral band ranging 470 nm to 650 nm for the lens system illustrated in  FIG. 7 . 
         FIG. 9  shows the polychromatic curves of spherical aberration, astigmatism, and distortion over the visible band ranging 470 nm to 650 nm for the lens system illustrated in  FIG. 7 . 
         FIG. 10  is a cross-sectional illustration of another example embodiment of a lens system that includes a wafer lens component and five refractive lens elements. 
         FIG. 11  shows the polychromatic ray aberration curves over the half field of view and over the visible spectral band ranging 470 nm to 650 nm for the lens system illustrated in  FIG. 10 . 
         FIG. 12  shows the polychromatic curves of spherical aberration, astigmatism, and distortion over the visible band ranging 470 nm to 650 nm for the lens system illustrated in  FIG. 10 . 
         FIG. 13  is a cross-sectional illustration of another example embodiment of a lens system that includes a wafer lens component and five refractive lens elements. 
         FIG. 14  shows the polychromatic ray aberration curves over the half field of view and over the visible spectral band ranging 470 nm to 650 nm for the lens system illustrated in  FIG. 13 . 
         FIG. 15  shows the polychromatic curves of spherical aberration, astigmatism, and distortion over the visible band ranging 470 nm to 650 nm for the lens system illustrated in  FIG. 13 . 
         FIG. 16  is a cross-sectional illustration of another example embodiment of a lens system that includes a wafer lens component and five refractive lens elements. 
         FIG. 17  shows the polychromatic ray aberration curves over the half field of view and over the visible spectral band ranging 470 nm to 650 nm for the lens system illustrated in  FIG. 16 . 
         FIG. 18  shows the polychromatic curves of spherical aberration, astigmatism, and distortion over the visible band ranging 470 nm to 650 nm for the lens system illustrated in  FIG. 16 . 
         FIG. 19  is a cross-sectional illustration of another example embodiment of a lens system that includes six refractive lens elements. 
         FIG. 20  shows the polychromatic ray aberration curves over the half field of view and over the visible spectral band ranging 470 nm to 650 nm for the lens system illustrated in  FIG. 19 . 
         FIG. 21  shows the polychromatic curves of spherical aberration, astigmatism, and distortion over the visible band ranging 470 nm to 650 nm for the lens system illustrated in  FIG. 19 . 
         FIG. 22  is a cross-sectional illustration of another example embodiment of a lens system that includes two wafer lens components and five refractive lens elements. 
         FIG. 23  shows the polychromatic ray aberration curves over the half field of view and over the visible spectral band ranging 470 nm to 650 nm for the lens system illustrated in  FIG. 22 . 
         FIG. 24  shows the polychromatic curves of spherical aberration, astigmatism, and distortion over the visible band ranging 470 nm to 650 nm for the lens system illustrated in  FIG. 22 . 
         FIG. 25  is a cross-sectional illustration of another example embodiment of a lens system that includes two wafer lens components and five refractive lens elements. 
         FIG. 26  shows the polychromatic ray aberration curves over the half field of view and over the visible spectral band ranging 470 nm to 650 nm for the lens system illustrated in  FIG. 25 . 
         FIG. 27  shows the polychromatic curves of spherical aberration, astigmatism, and distortion over the visible band ranging 470 nm to 650 nm for the lens system illustrated in  FIG. 25 . 
         FIG. 28  is a cross-sectional illustration of another example embodiment of a lens system that includes a wafer lens component and five refractive lens elements. 
         FIG. 29  shows the polychromatic ray aberration curves over the half field of view and over the visible spectral band ranging 470 nm to 650 nm for the lens system illustrated in  FIG. 28 . 
         FIG. 30  shows the polychromatic curves of spherical aberration, astigmatism, and distortion over the visible band ranging 470 nm to 650 nm for the lens system illustrated in  FIG. 28 . 
         FIG. 31  is a cross-sectional illustration of another example embodiment of a lens system that includes a wafer lens component and five refractive lens elements. 
         FIG. 32  shows the polychromatic ray aberration curves over the half field of view and over the visible spectral band ranging 470 nm to 650 nm for the lens system illustrated in  FIG. 31 . 
         FIG. 33  shows the polychromatic curves of spherical aberration, astigmatism, and distortion over the visible band ranging 470 nm to 650 nm for the lens system illustrated in  FIG. 31 . 
         FIG. 34A  shows a side elevation of a wafer lens component. 
         FIG. 34B  shows a pictorial view of the wafer lens component shown in  FIG. 34A . 
         FIG. 34C  shows an exploded pictorial view of the wafer lens component shown in  FIG. 34A . 
         FIG. 35  shows a side elevation of another wafer lens component. 
         FIG. 36  shows a side elevation of yet another wafer lens component. 
         FIG. 37  shows a plan view of an electrochromic lens component that provides a variable aperture stop. 
         FIG. 38  shows a plan view of an apodized aperture. 
         FIG. 39  is a block diagram of camera-related elements including a camera module and associated electronics circuitry. 
         FIG. 40  is a cutaway view of an E-O variable aperture in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 41  is a cutaway view of an E-O variable aperture in accordance with another embodiment. 
         FIG. 42  is a cutaway view of yet another embodiment. 
         FIG. 43  is a cutaway view of a further embodiment of the E-O variable aperture. 
         FIG. 44  is a cutaway view of a camera E-O aperture structure that can have at least three states, including a neutral density filter state. 
         FIG. 45  shows two locations, in the optical system of a camera module integrated in a consumer electronics device, in which the E-O aperture may be placed. 
         FIG. 46  is a cut-away view of an electro-optic aperture. 
         FIG. 47  is a cut-away view of an embodiment of the invention in which a conductive section has been added to directly connect the transparent conductor layers, within the imaging path. 
         FIG. 48  is a perspective view of a portable wireless communications device in which a camera module is integrated. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth. However, it is understood that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known circuits, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure the understanding of this description. 
     In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate several embodiments of the present invention. It is understood that other embodiments may be utilized, and mechanical compositional, structural, electrical, and operational changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. The following detailed description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the embodiments of the present invention is defined only by the claims of the issued patent. 
     The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Spatially relative terms, such as “beneath”, “below”, “lower”, “above”, “upper”, and the like may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element&#39;s or feature&#39;s relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term “below” can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device may be otherwise oriented (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly. 
     As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising” specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     The term “element” as applied to a lens designates any single transparent mass of refractive material having two opposed refracting surfaces, which surfaces are disposed transversely of the optical axis of the lens and spaced therealong. 
     The term “component” as applied to a lens designates either (1) a single transparent mass of refractive material having two opposed refracting surfaces, i.e. an element, or (2) a grouped plurality of such masses arranged in series along the optical axis of the lens with their adjacent refracting surfaces either in full overall contact or in spaced parallel relation with the spacing being of such small magnitude that it does not enter into the lens computations. 
     The term “convex” as applied to a lens surface indicates that the lens surface is convex where the surface intersects the optical axis. The term “concave” as applied to a lens surface indicates that the lens surface is concave where the surface intersects the optical axis. 
     Embodiments of small form factor camera including a photosensor and a compact lens system with a large field of view (FOV) and a large aperture (low F-number) are described. Various embodiments of a compact lens system including six lens components with refractive power, including lens systems having wafer lens components, are described. These embodiments of compact lens systems may be used in the camera and provide a larger image with a lower F-number (larger aperture) than has been realized in conventional compact cameras. The camera may be implemented in a small package size while still capturing sharp, high resolution images, making embodiments of the camera suitable for use in small and/or mobile multipurpose devices such as cell phones, smartphones, pad or tablet computing devices, laptop, netbook, notebook, subnotebook, ultrabook computers, surveillance devices, and so on. However, aspects of the camera (e.g., the lens system and photosensor) may be scaled up or down to provide cameras with larger or smaller package sizes. In addition, embodiments of the camera system may be implemented as stand-alone digital cameras. In addition to still (single frame capture) camera applications, embodiments of the camera system may be adapted for use in video camera applications. 
     Embodiments of the compact lens systems are described for potential application to cameras having a ⅓ inch (6.15 mm diagonal) sensor. Example embodiments of lens systems may have about a 4.1 mm EFL (effective focal length), F/1.8 aperture size, and 77.6-degree diagonal field of view (DFOV) (6.6-mm image circle diameter). Several example embodiments of compact low F-number lens systems are described, including embodiments with a wafer lens component that includes an electrochromic aperture mechanism and five additional refracting lens components and example embodiments with six refracting lens components. 
       FIGS. 1, 4, and 19  show various example embodiments that include six refracting lens components.  FIGS. 7, 10, 13, 16, 28, and 31  show various example embodiments that include a wafer lens component, with front and/or rear layers of polymeric materials, and five additional refracting lens components.  FIGS. 22 and 25  show various example embodiments that include a wafer lens component, which includes two wafer lens components, and five additional refracting lens elements. These examples are not intended to be limiting, and variations on the various parameters given for the lens system are possible while still achieving similar results. 
     The refractive lens components in the various embodiments may be composed of plastic materials. In at least some embodiments, the refractive lens elements may be composed of injection molded plastic material. However, other transparent optical materials may be used. Also note that, in a given embodiment, different ones of the lens elements may be composed of materials with different optical characteristics, for example different Abbe numbers and/or different refractive indices. The wafer lens components in the embodiments may be composed of a single or multiple layer laminate of polymeric or plastic materials on a planar substrate, which may be a planar glass substrate. 
     The camera may also include a frontal aperture stop (AS) located in front of (i.e., on the object side of) a first lens component. While  FIGS. 1, 4, 7, 13, and 19  show frontal aperture stop located at or near the front vertex of the lens system, location of the aperture stop may be closer to or farther away from the vertex of the lens component. Further, in some embodiments, the aperture stop may be located elsewhere in the lens system as shown in  FIGS. 22 and 25 . For example, the aperture stop may be located at the planar surface of the wafer lens component as shown in  FIGS. 10, 16, 22, 25, 28, and 31 . 
     The camera may also, but not necessarily, include an infrared (IR) filter located between a last lens component of the lens system and the photosensor. The IR filter may, for example, be composed of a glass material. However, other materials may be used. Note that the IR filter does not affect the effective focal length of the lens system. Further note that the camera may also include other component than those illustrated and described herein. 
     In the camera, the lens system forms an image at an image plane (IP) at or near the surface of the photosensor. The image size for a distant object is directly proportional to the effective focal length (f) of a lens system. The total track length (TTL) of the lens system is the distance on the optical axis (AX) between the front vertex at the object side surface of the first (object side) lens component and the image plane. For lens system having a large FOV and a low F-number, the TTL is normally greater than the effective focal length. 
     In at least some embodiments, the lens system may be configured such that the effective focal length f of the lens system is at or about 4.1 millimeters (mm), the F-number (focal ratio, or F-number) is at or about 1.8, the field of view (FOV) is at or about 77.6 degrees (although narrower or wider FOVs may be achieved), and the total track (TTL) is within the range of about 4.5 mm to about 7 mm. More generally, the lens system may be configured to satisfy the relation TTL/f&gt;1.0. 
     In some example embodiments described herein, the lens system may be configured such that the effective focal length f of the lens system is 4.1 mm at reference wavelength 555 nm and the F-number is 1.8. The lens system may, for example, be configured with focal length f of 4.1 mm and F-number of 1.8 to satisfy specified optical, imaging, and/or packaging constraints for particular camera system applications. Note that the F-number, also referred to as the focal ratio or F-number is defined by f/D, where D is the diameter of the entrance pupil, i.e., the effective aperture. As an example, at f=4.1 mm, an F-number of 1.8 is achieved with an effective aperture diameter of 2.28 mm. The example embodiment may also be configured with a field of view (FOV) at or about 77.6 degrees, a half FOV at or about 38.8 degrees. Total track length (TTL) of the example embodiments vary from about 5.8 mm to about 6.0 mm. The ratio of TTL/f varies within the range of about 1.4 mm to about 1.5 mm for the example embodiments. 
     However, note that the focal length f, F-number, and/or other parameters may be scaled or adjusted to meet various specifications of optical, imaging, and/or packaging constraints for other camera system applications. Constraints for a camera system that may be specified as requirements for particular camera system applications and/or that may be varied for different camera system applications include but are not limited to the focal length f, effective aperture, F-number, field of view (FOV), imaging performance requirements, and packaging volume or size constraints. 
     In some embodiments, the lens system may be equipped with an adjustable iris (entrance) pupil or aperture stop. Using an adjustable aperture stop, the F-number (focal ratio) may be dynamically varied within a range. For example, if the lens is well corrected at f/1.8, at a given focal length f and FOV, then the focal ratio may be varied within the range of 1.8 to 6 (or higher) by adjusting the aperture stop, assuming that the aperture stop can be adjusted to the desired F-number setting. In some embodiments, the lens system may be used at faster focal ratios (F-number&lt;1.8) by adjusting the aperture stop with degraded image quality performance at the same FOV (e.g. 77.6 degrees), or with reasonably good performance at a smaller FOV. 
     In some embodiments, the lens system may also be equipped with a focusing mechanism for focusing an object scene at infinity (object scene distance from camera&gt;20 meters) to near object distance (&lt;50 mm). For example, in some embodiments, the lens system as described herein may be equipped with adjustable focus mechanism wherein the lens system and/or photosensor at the image plane may be moved for focusing an object scene at distances ranging from greater than 20 meters to less than 50 mm. 
     While ranges of values may be given herein as examples of adjustable cameras and lens systems in which one or more optical parameters may be dynamically varied (e.g., using adjustable aperture stop and/or adjustable focus), embodiments of camera systems that include fixed (non-adjustable) lens systems in which values for optical and other parameters are within these ranges may be implemented. 
     Referring first to embodiments as illustrated in  FIGS. 1, 4, and 19 , a compact lens system  110 ,  210 ,  710  suitable for use in a camera may include six lens components. The six lens components  101 - 106  in the lens system  110  of  FIG. 1 , the six lens components  201 - 206  in the lens system  210  of  FIG. 4 , and the six lens components  701 - 706  in the lens system  710  of  FIG. 19  each have a refractive power and form a lens system having a focal length of f. The six lens components of each of the lens systems  110 ,  210 ,  710  are arranged along an optical axis (AX)  112 ,  212 ,  712  from an object side to an image side as follows:
         a first lens component  101 ,  201 ,  701  having a positive refractive power, a focal length f 1 , and a convex object side surface;   a second lens component  102 ,  202 ,  702  having a negative refractive power and a focal length f 2 ;   a third lens component  103 ,  203 ,  703  having a positive refractive power and a focal length f 3 ;   a fourth lens component  104 ,  204 ,  704  having a positive refractive power and a focal length f 4 ;   a fifth lens component  105 ,  205 ,  705  having a positive refractive power and a focal length f 5 ; and   a sixth lens component  106 ,  206 ,  706  having a negative refractive power and a focal length f 6 .       

     In addition, at least one surface, the object side or the image side, of each of the six lens components is aspheric. In some embodiments both the object side surface and the image side surface of one or more of the six lens components is aspheric. 
     The lens systems  110 ,  210 ,  710  form an image on or near the surface of an image sensor  118 ,  218 ,  718 . A cover material  116 ,  216 ,  716 , such as a cover glass or an infrared cut filter, may be placed between the lens systems  110 ,  210 ,  710  and the image sensor  118 ,  218 ,  718 . A frontal aperture stop (AS)  114 ,  214 ,  714  may be located on the object side of the first lens component  101 ,  201 ,  701 . 
     Embodiments of a camera lens system as described herein and illustrated in  FIGS. 1, 4, and 19  may be configured such that the dioptric power distribution of the six lens components satisfy the following conditions:
 
0.8&lt;| f   1   /f|&lt; 1.5;
 
1.0&lt;| f   2   /f|&lt; 2.0;
 
1.0&lt;| f   3   /f|&lt; 30.0;
 
1.0&lt;| f   4   /f|&lt; 7.0;
 
1.0&lt;| f   5   /f|&lt; 4.0;
 
0.8&lt;| f 6/ f|&lt; 2.0;
         where f is the effective focal length of the lens system.       

     The lens systems  110 ,  210 ,  710  are configured such that the ratio (TTL/f) satisfies the relation:
 
1.0&lt;TTL/ f &lt;1.5.
 
     In at least some embodiments of lens systems  110 ,  210 , and  710 , the lens components with positive dioptric powers may be composed of a material (e.g., a plastic material) having an Abbe number of V 1 . The second, and sixth lens components with negative dioptric powers may be composed of a material (e.g., plastic material) having an Abbe number of V 2 . The Abbe numbers of the lens materials for the lens components may satisfy the condition:
 
30&lt; V   1   −V   2 &lt;35.
 
     Referring now to embodiments as illustrated in  FIGS. 7, 10, 13, and 16 , a compact lens system  310 ,  410 ,  510 ,  610  suitable for use in a camera may include six lens components. The six lens components  301 - 306  in the lens system  310  of  FIG. 7 , the six lens components  401 - 406  in the lens system  410  of  FIG. 10 , the six lens components  501 - 506  in the lens system  510  of  FIG. 13 , and the six lens components  601 - 606  in the lens system  610  of  FIG. 16  each have a refractive power and form a lens system having a focal length of f. 
     The first lens component  301 ,  401 ,  501 ,  601  of the embodiments illustrated in  FIGS. 7, 10, 13, and 16  is in the form of a wafer lens component in which a laminate layer of polymeric or plastic materials is formed on a planar substrate, which may be a planar glass substrate. The remaining five lens components,  302 - 306  in the lens system  310  of  FIG. 7, 402-406  in the lens system  410  of  FIG. 10, 502-506  in the lens system  510  of  FIG. 13, and 602-606  in the lens system  610  of  FIG. 16 , are shown as lens elements formed of a single transparent mass of refractive material. In other embodiments, not shown, one or more of the remaining five lens components may be a grouped plurality of such masses arranged in series, such as an additional wafer lens component. The six lens components of each of the lens systems  310 ,  410 ,  510 ,  610  are arranged along an optical axis (AX)  312 ,  412 ,  512 ,  612  from an object side to an image side as follows:
         a first lens component  301 ,  401 ,  501 ,  601  in the form of a wafer lens component, having a positive refractive power, a focal length f 1 , and a convex object side surface;   a second lens component  302 ,  402 ,  502 ,  602  having a negative refractive power and a focal length f 2 ;   a third lens component  303 ,  403 ,  503 ,  603  having a positive refractive power and a focal length f 3 ;   a fourth lens component  304 ,  404 ,  504 ,  604  having a positive refractive power and a focal length f 4 ;   a fifth lens component  305 ,  405 ,  505 ,  605  having a positive refractive power and a focal length f 5 ; and   a sixth lens component  306 ,  406 ,  506 ,  606  having a negative refractive power and a focal length f 6 .       

     In addition, at least one surface, the object side or the image side, of each of the six lens components is aspheric. In some embodiments both the object side surface and the image side surface of one or more of the six lens components is aspheric. 
     The lens systems  310 ,  410 ,  510 ,  610  form an image on or near the surface of an image sensor  318 ,  418 ,  518 ,  618 . A cover material  316 ,  416 ,  516 ,  616 , such as a cover glass or an infrared cut filter, may be placed between the lens systems  310 ,  410 ,  510 ,  610  and the image sensor  318 ,  418 ,  518 ,  618 . A frontal aperture stop (AS)  314 ,  514 , may be located on the object side of the first lens component  301 ,  501 . 
     Embodiments of a camera lens system as described herein and illustrated in  FIGS. 7, 10, 13, and 16  may be configured such that the dioptric power distribution of the six lens components satisfy the following conditions:
 
0.8&lt;| f   1   /f|&lt; 1.5;
 
1.0&lt;| f   2   /f|&lt; 2.0;
 
1.0&lt;| f   3   /f|&lt; 30.0;
 
1.0&lt;| f   4   /f|&lt; 7.0;
 
1.0&lt;| f   5   /f|&lt; 4.0;
 
0.8&lt;| f   6   /f|&lt; 2.0;
         where f is the effective focal length of the lens system.       

     The lens systems  310 ,  410 ,  510 ,  610  are configured such that the ratio (TTL/f) satisfies the relation:
 
1.0&lt;TTL/ f &lt;2.0.
 
     In at least some embodiments of lens systems  310 ,  410 ,  510 ,  610  illustrated in  FIGS. 7, 10, 13, and 16 , the lens components with positive dioptric powers may be composed of a material (e.g., a plastic material) having an Abbe number of V 1 . The second, and sixth lens components with negative dioptric powers may be composed of a material (e.g., plastic material) having an Abbe number of V 2 . The Abbe numbers of the lens materials for the lens components may satisfy the condition,
 
30&lt; V   1   −V   2 &lt;35.
 
     In at least some embodiments of the lens systems  310 ,  410 ,  510 ,  610  illustrated in  FIGS. 7, 10, 13, and 16 , the first lens component  301 ,  401 ,  501 ,  601  with positive dioptric power and focal length f 1  may be composed of a wafer lens. 
     Referring to the lens systems  310  illustrated in  FIG. 7 , the wafer lens  301  may include a planar substrate  322  and single layer laminates  324 ,  326  of polymeric or plastic material on each side of the planar substrate, which may be a planar glass substrate. The laminate layers  324 ,  326  of polymeric or plastic material may be formed using known manufacturing methods such as casting, molding, or microlithographic processes on the planar substrate  322 . If polymeric material is used it may be a ultra-violet (UV) light curable polymeric. The laminate layers  324 ,  326  are formed with a shape that provides the refractive power for the wafer lens component  301 . 
     The wafer lens component  301  may include an electrochromic layer that provides a variable light transmittance in response to an applied electrical voltage. The electrochromic layer may supplement the function of the aperture stop  314  or, in other embodiments, serve the function of a variable aperture stop without using an aperture stop. The electrochromic layer may be located either on the object planar side or the image planar side of the planar substrate  322 . The electrochromic layer may be composed of transparent film layer of electrically conductive organic or inorganic material, such as metallic oxides and conductive polymers. 
     The wafer lens component is comprised as a unit of the combination of a polymeric laminate layer and a planar substrate. Thus the refractive power of the wafer lens component is provided by the laminate layer or layers and the planar substrate or substrates. The laminate layer and the planar substrate will generally have different characteristics such as the indices of refraction and Abbe numbers. These composite optical materials contribute to the refractive power of the wafer lens component and these composite material refractive indices are considered in the computation of the refractive power of the wafer lens or wafer lens group. Therefore, the wafer lens component differs optically from a lens element of the same geometry that is formed of a single transparent mass of refractive material and the planar substrate, which may be a planar glass substrate, of the wafer lens does enter into the lens computations. 
     The lens systems  410 ,  510 ,  610  illustrated in  FIGS. 10, 13, and 16  show structures for the wafer lens components  401 ,  501 ,  601  that are similar to the structure for the wafer lens component  301  that is illustrated in  FIG. 7 . In  FIGS. 10, 13, and 16 , features similar to those in  FIG. 7  have the same last two digits in the reference numerals. 
     Referring now to embodiments as illustrated in  FIGS. 22 and 25 , a compact lens system  810 ,  910  suitable for use in a camera may include six lens components. The six lens components  801 - 806  in the lens system  810  of  FIG. 22  and the six lens components  901 - 906  in the lens system  910  of  FIG. 25  each have a refractive power and form a lens system having a focal length of f. 
     The first lens component  801 ,  901  of the embodiments illustrated in  FIGS. 22 and 25  is in the form of a wafer lens component in which laminate layers of polymeric or plastic materials are formed on planar substrates, which may be planar glass substrates. The remaining five lens components,  802 - 806  in the lens system  810  of  FIG. 22 and 902-906  in the lens system  910  of  FIG. 25 , are shown as lens elements formed of a single transparent mass of refractive material. In other embodiments, not shown, one or more of the remaining five lens components may be a grouped plurality of such masses arranged in series, such as an additional wafer lens component. The six lens components of each of the lens systems  810 ,  910  are arranged along an optical axis (AX)  812 ,  912  from an object side to an image side as follows:
         a first lens component  801 ,  901  in the form of a wafer lens component, having a positive refractive power, a focal length f 1 , and a convex object side surface;   a second lens component  802 ,  902  having a negative refractive power and a focal length f 2 ;   a third lens component  803 ,  903  having a positive refractive power and a focal length f 3 ;   a fourth lens component  804 ,  904  having a positive refractive power and a focal length f 4 ;   a fifth lens component  805 ,  905  having a positive refractive power and a focal length f 5 ; and   a sixth lens component  806 ,  906  having a negative refractive power and a focal length f 6 .       

     In addition, at least one surface, the object side or the image side, of each of the six lens components is aspheric. In some embodiments both the object side surface and the image side surface of one or more of the six lens components is aspheric. 
     The lens systems  810 ,  910  forms an image on or near the surface of an image sensor  818 ,  918 . A cover material  816 ,  916 , such as a cover glass or an infrared cut filter, may be placed between the lens systems  810 ,  910  and the image sensor  818 ,  918 . 
     Embodiments of a camera lens system as described herein and illustrated in  FIGS. 22 and 25  may be configured such that the dioptric power distribution of the six lens components satisfy the following conditions:
 
0.8&lt;| f   1   /f|&lt; 1.5;
 
1.0&lt;| f   2   /f|&lt; 2.0;
 
0.8&lt;| f   3   /f|&lt; 1.5;
 
1.0&lt;| f   4   /f|&lt; 30.0;
 
1.0&lt;| f   5   /f|&lt; 5.0;
 
0.8&lt;| f   6   /f |&lt;2.0;
         where f is the effective focal length of the lens system.       

     The lens systems  810 ,  910  are configured such that the ratio (TTL/f) satisfies the relation:
 
1.0&lt;TTL/ f &lt;2.0.
 
     In at least some embodiments of lens systems  810 ,  910  illustrated in  FIGS. 22 and 25 , the lens components with positive dioptric powers may be composed of a material (e.g., a plastic material) having an Abbe number of V 1 . The second, and sixth lens components with negative dioptric powers may be composed of a material (e.g., plastic material) having an Abbe number of V 2 . The Abbe numbers of the lens materials for the lens components may satisfy the condition,
 
30&lt; V   1   −V   2 &lt;35.
 
     In at least some embodiments of the lens systems  810 , and  910  illustrated in  FIGS. 22 and 25 , the wafer lens component  801 ,  901  with positive dioptric power and focal length f 1  may comprise two wafer lenses  820 ,  830 ,  920 ,  930 . 
     Referring to the lens systems  810  illustrated in  FIG. 22 , the wafer lenses  820 ,  830  may each include a planar substrate  822 ,  832 , which may be a planar glass substrate. A laminate layer  824 ,  834  of polymeric or plastic material may be formed on one surface of the planar substrate  822 ,  832  using known manufacturing methods such as casting, molding, or microlithographic process. If polymeric material is used it may be a UV curable polymeric. The laminate layer  824 ,  834  is formed with a shape that provides the refractive power for the wafer lens. The two wafer lenses  820 ,  830  may be arranged so that the first laminate layer  824  faces the object side and the second laminate layer  824  faces the image side. The plano surfaces of the two planar substrates  822 ,  832  may face one another either in full overall contact or in spaced parallel relation with the spacing being of such small magnitude that it does not enter into the lens computations. 
     The wafer lens component is comprised as a unit of the combination of a polymeric laminate layer and a planar substrate, which may be a planar glass substrate. Thus the refractive power of the wafer lens component is provided by the laminate layer or layers and the planar substrate or substrates. The laminate layer and the planar substrate will generally have different characteristics such as the indices of refraction and Abbe numbers. These composite optical materials contribute to the refractive power of the wafer lens component and these composite material refractive indices are considered in the computation of the refractive power of the wafer lens or wafer lens group. Therefore, the wafer lens component differs optically from a lens element of the same geometry that is formed of a single transparent mass of refractive material and the planar substrate of the wafer lens does enter into the lens computations. 
     The wafer lens component  801  may include an electrochromic layer  814  that provides a variable light transmittance in response to an applied electrical voltage. The electrochromic layer  814  may serve the function of a variable aperture stop. The electrochromic layer  814  may be located in between the image side planar surface of the first wafer lens substrate  822  and the object side planar surface of the second wafer lens substrate  832 . The electrochromic layer  814  may be composed of transparent film layer of electrically conductive organic or inorganic material, such as metallic oxides and conductive polymers. 
     The lens system  910  illustrated in  FIG. 25  shows a structure for the wafer lens component  901  that is similar to the structure for the wafer lens component  801  that is illustrated in  FIG. 22 . In  FIG. 25 , features similar to those in  FIG. 22  have the same last two digits in the reference numerals. 
     Referring now to embodiments as illustrated in  FIGS. 28 and 31 , a compact lens system  1010 ,  1110  suitable for use in a camera may include six lens components. The six lens components the six lens components  1001 - 1006  in the lens system  1010  of  FIG. 28  and the six lens components  1101 - 1106  in the lens system  1110  of  FIG. 31  each have a refractive power and form a lens system having a focal length of f. 
     The first lens component  1001 ,  1101  of the embodiments illustrated in  FIGS. 28 and 31  is in the form of a wafer lens component in which a laminate layer of polymeric or plastic materials is formed on a planar substrate, which may be a planar glass substrate. The remaining five lens components,  1002 - 1006  in the lens system  1010  of  FIG. 28, and 1102-1106  in the lens system  1110  of  FIG. 31 , are shown as lens elements formed of a single transparent mass of refractive material. In other embodiments, not shown, one or more of the remaining five lens components may be a grouped plurality of such masses arranged in series, such as an additional wafer lens component. The six lens components of each of the lens systems  1010 ,  1110  are arranged along an optical axis (AX)  1012 ,  1112  from an object side to an image side as follows:
         a first lens component  1001 ,  1101  in the form of a wafer lens component, having a positive refractive power, a focal length f 1 , and a convex object side surface;   a second lens component  1002 ,  1102  having a positive refractive power and a focal length f 2 ;   a third lens component  1003 ,  1103  having a negative refractive power and a focal length f 3 ;   a fourth lens component  1004 ,  1104  having a positive refractive power and a focal length f 4 ;   a fifth lens component  1005 ,  1105  having a positive refractive power and a focal length f 5 ; and   a sixth lens component  1006 ,  1106  having a negative refractive power and a focal length f 6 .       

     In addition, at least one surface, the object side or the image side, of each of the six lens components is aspheric. In some embodiments both the object side surface and the image side surface of one or more of the six lens components is aspheric. 
     The lens systems  1010 ,  1110  form an image on or near the surface of an image sensor  1018 ,  1118 . A cover material  1016 ,  1116 , such as a cover glass or an infrared cut filter, may be placed between the lens systems  1010 ,  1110  and the image sensor  1018 ,  1118 . An aperture stop (AS)  1014 ,  1114  is located on the image side of the planar substrate  1022 ,  1122  of the first lens component  1001 ,  1101 . 
     Embodiments of a camera lens system as described herein and illustrated in  FIGS. 28 and 31  may be configured such that the dioptric power distribution of the six lens components satisfy the following conditions:
 
2.1&lt;| f   1   /f|&lt; 2.2;
 
1.6&lt;| f   2   /f|&lt; 1.7;
 
1.3&lt;| f   3   /f|&lt; 1.5;
 
1.5&lt;| f   4   /f|&lt; 2.3;
 
2.0&lt;| f   5   /f|&lt; 26.0;
 
1.0&lt;| f   6   /f|&lt; 1.9;
         where f is the effective focal length of the lens system.       

     The lens systems  1010 ,  1110  are configured such that the ratio (TTL/f) satisfies the relation:
 
1.0&lt;TTL/ f &lt;2.0.
 
     The first lens component  1001 ,  1101  is a wafer lens that may include a planar substrate  1022 ,  1122  and a single layer laminate  1024 ,  1124  of polymeric or plastic material on the object side of the planar substrate, which may be a planar glass substrate. The laminate layer  1024 ,  1124  of polymeric or plastic material may be formed using known manufacturing methods such as casting, molding, or microlithographic processes on the planar substrate  1022 ,  1122 . If polymeric material is used it may be a UV curable polymeric. The laminate layer  1024 ,  1124  is formed with a shape that provides the refractive power for the wafer lens component  1001 ,  1101 . 
     The wafer lens component  1001 ,  1101  may include an electrochromic layer  1014 ,  1114  that provides a variable light transmittance in response to an applied electrical voltage. The electrochromic layer may serve the function of a variable aperture stop. The electrochromic layer may be composed of transparent film layer of electrically conductive organic or inorganic material, such as metallic oxides and conductive polymers. 
     The wafer lens component is comprised as a unit of the combination of a polymeric laminate layer and a planar substrate. Thus the refractive power of the wafer lens component is provided by the laminate layer or layers and the planar substrate or substrates. The laminate layer and the planar substrate will generally have different characteristics such as the indices of refraction and Abbe numbers. These composite optical materials contribute to the refractive power of the wafer lens component and these composite material refractive indices are considered in the computation of the refractive power of the wafer lens or wafer lens group. Therefore, the wafer lens component differs optically from a lens element of the same geometry that is formed of a single transparent mass of refractive material and the planar substrate, which may be a planar glass substrate, of the wafer lens does enter into the lens computations. 
     The lens systems described herein may include an object side lens component in the form of a wafer lens component. The wafer lens component is comprised as a unit of the combination of one or more planar substrates and one or more laminate refractive layers. Thus the refractive power of the wafer lens element or group is provided by the laminate layer or layers and the planar substrate or substrates. The laminate layer and the planar substrate will generally have different characteristics such as the indices of refraction and Abbe numbers. These composite optical materials contribute to the refractive power of the wafer lens component and these composite material refractive indices are considered in the computation of the refractive power of the wafer lens component. Therefore, the wafer lens component differs optically from a lens element of the same geometry that is formed of a single transparent mass of refractive material and the planar substrate of the wafer lens does enter into the lens computations. 
     The wafer lens component of the lens systems described herein includes a plano surface on the planar substrate that is located along the optical axis at the appropriate position for an aperture stop or other form of light control. The aperture stop or light control may be in the form of a thin film applied to the plano surface of the planar substrate. For example, the aperture stop may be located at the planar surface  414 ,  614 ,  814 ,  914 ,  1014 ,  1114  of the wafer lens component  401 ,  601 ,  801 ,  901 ,  1001 ,  1101  as shown in  FIGS. 10, 16, 22, 25, 28, and 31 . 
       FIG. 34A  shows a side elevation of a wafer lens component  3401 .  FIG. 34B  shows a pictorial view of the wafer lens component  3401 .  FIG. 34C  shows an exploded pictorial view of the wafer lens component  3401 . The wafer lens component  3401  has a planar substrate  3422  with a refractive element  3424  molded on a first plano surface of the planar substrate and a light.controlling element  3414  applied to the opposite plano surface of the planar substrate. This arrangement of the wafer lens component  3401  is similar to the wafer lens component of the embodiments shown in  FIGS. 28 and 31 . While the light.controlling element  3414  is illustrated as having a substantial thickness for clarity, in some embodiments the light.controlling element may be a thin film that is much thinner than what is suggested by the figures. 
     The light.controlling element  3414  may be in the form of an aperture stop that includes an opaque material which defines a transparent opening, such as a circular opening, centered on the optical axis. In another embodiment the light.controlling element may be in the form of a neutral density filter that reduces the intensity of light uniformly over the entire surface, 
     In yet another embodiment the light.controlling element may be in the form of an apodized aperture that reduces the intensity of light by a smoothly increasing amount as the distance from the optical axis increases, as suggested by  FIG. 38 . An apodized aperture may provide a smoothly increasing attenuation of transmitted light from a central transparent opening with substantially no attenuation to a fully opaque outer edge that fully attenuates transmitted light. In other embodiments, an apodized aperture may provide a smoothly increasing attenuation of transmitted light that begins with a substantial attenuation and/or end before fully attenuating the light. For example, an apodized aperture may include a transparent circular opening centered on the optical axis joined to an opaque outer ring by an apodized ring. The apodized ring may provide a smoothly increasing attenuation of transmitted light that begins at the outer edge of the transparent circular opening with a substantial attenuation of perhaps 20% and ends at the inner edge of the opaque outer ring with less than full attenuation of perhaps 80%. 
     The light.controlling element  3414  may be provide a variable light transmittance. In some embodiments, the light.controlling element may be a thin film layer of conductive organic or inorganic material applied to the planar substrate  3422  to provide an electrochromic lens component having variable light transmittance in response to an applied electrical voltage. In one embodiment, the electrochromic lens component provides a variable neutral density filter. 
       FIG. 35  shows a side elevation of another wafer lens component  3501 . The wafer lens component  3501  has a planar substrate  3522  with a first refractive element  3524  molded on a first plano surface of the planar substrate and a light.controlling element  3514  applied to the opposite plano surface of the planar substrate. A second refractive element  3526  is molded on the light.controlling element  3514  on the side of the light.controlling element opposite from side applied to the plano surface of the planar substrate. This arrangement of the wafer lens component  3501  is similar to the wafer lens component of the embodiments shown in  FIGS. 10 and 16 . The light.controlling element  3514  may be of any of the forms previously described in connection with  FIGS. 34A-34C . 
       FIG. 36  shows a side elevation of yet another wafer lens component  3601 . The wafer lens component  3601  has a first planar substrate  3622  with a first refractive element  3624  molded on a first plano surface of the first planar substrate. The wafer lens component  3601  further has a second planar substrate  3632  with a second refractive element  3634  molded on a second plano surface of the second planar substrate. The first refractive element  3624  and the second refractive element  3634  are arranged to form the two outside elements of the wafer lens component  3601 . A light.controlling element  3614  is placed between the first planar substrate  3622  and the second planar substrate  3632  to be supported by the plano surfaces of the planar substrates opposite the plano surfaces on which the refractive elements  3624 ,  3634  are molded. This arrangement of the wafer lens component  3601  is similar to the wafer lens component of the embodiments shown in  FIGS. 22 and 25 . The light.controlling element  3614  may be of any of the forms previously described in connection with  FIGS. 34A-34C . 
       FIG. 37  shows a plan view of an electrochromic lens component  3714  that provides a variable aperture stop. The embodiment illustrated includes a transparent circular opening  3740  centered on the optical axis. The transparent circular opening  3740  is surrounded by two concentric annular rings  3742 ,  3744 . The concentric annular rings may be electrochromic films that are adjustable between being substantially transparent to being substantially opaque to provide a solid state equivalent of a mechanical aperture stop. 
     In another embodiment an electrochromic lens component may provide an apodized aperture of the type illustrated in  FIG. 38  with a variable intensity profile distribution across the aperture opening for the light energy transmitted through the optical system. 
       FIGS. 39-47  illustrate embodiments of electrochromic lens components that may be used to provide a light control for some embodiments of the lens system described herein. 
       FIG. 39  is a block diagram of the camera module  10  together with electronic circuit elements that are needed to implement the camera function. Note that there may be additional functions that are implemented in the consumer electronics device as is known to those of ordinary skill in the art but that are not described here in the interest of conciseness, e.g. communication network interfaces, display screens, touch screens, keyboards, and audio transducers. The camera module  10  has an imaging sensor  13  that is part of an optical system, which also includes a focusing lens  11  and an electro-optically (E-O) variable aperture  14 . These optical components are aligned to an optical axis as shown. Note however, that while in this particular example all of the optical components are in a straight line, in other embodiments there may be a mirror or other optical deflector that allows one or more of the components to be positioned off of a straight line. Nevertheless, those components may still be considered “aligned with the optical axis.” What is shown in  FIG. 39  is a particularly efficient mechanism (in terms of packaging) that can fit within the tight confines of a low z-height device such as a smart phone, a tablet computer, or a laptop computer, where, in particular, all of the optical interfaces are positioned substantially parallel to a front or rear face of the external housing of the device. In other words, each optical component lies flat within an x-y plane with its height given in the z-direction shown. 
     The imaging sensor  13  may be any conventional solid-state imaging sensor such as a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensor chip, which presents an interface to an exposure controller  18  to receive certain parameters for determining an exposure for taking a picture. The sensor parameters may include pixel integration time, which may be set by the exposure controller  18  in accordance with any suitable exposure control algorithm that considers various input variables (e.g., level of scene illumination and the availability of a flash or strobe illumination). The exposure controller  18  may automatically perform the algorithm to determine an appropriate exposure setting, and then signal the imaging sensor to update its parameters in response to a manual shutter release command (e.g., in response to a mechanical or virtual shutter button being actuated by a user of the device). The exposure controller  18  may be implemented as a programmed processor or as a completely hardwired logic state machine together with stored parameter options. Once a digital image has been captured by the imaging sensor  13  under the chosen exposure setting, it may be transferred to a digital image storage  19  (e.g., solid state volatile or non-volatile memory), prior to being further processed or analyzed by higher layer camera functions that yield for example a still picture file (e.g., in a JPEG format) or a video file (e.g., in a digital movie format). 
     Also included in the camera module  10  is a focusing lens  11  which may include one or more lens components that serve to focus light from the scene onto the imaging sensor  13  (thereby producing an optical image on an active pixel array portion of the imaging sensor  13 ). The focusing lens  11  may be one of the lens systems described herein. The focusing lens  11  may be part of either a fixed focus optical subsystem, or a variable focus subsystem that implements an autofocus mechanism. In the case of an auto focus mechanism, additional control parameters relating to lens position can be set by the exposure controller  18  for each exposure to be taken, as is apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. 
     The camera module  10  also has the E-O variable aperture  14 , which for the purposes of the block diagram is shown as being positioned in front of the focusing lens  11  on the optical path. When used with embodiments of the lens system described herein, the E-O variable aperture  14  will be located within the focusing lens  11 . The aperture  14  effectively implements a pupil whose width or size is electrically variable. The aperture  14  may be positioned at any suitable aperture location along the optical axis in front of the imaging sensor  13 . When the aperture  14  has been electrically controlled into a small or narrow pupil, highly collimated rays are admitted by it, which results in a sharp focus at an image plane of the optical system. On the other hand, when the aperture  14  is configured into a large or wide pupil, un-collimated rays are admitted resulting in an optical image that is sharp around what the focusing lens  11  is focusing on, and may be blurred otherwise. The aperture  14  thus determines how collimated the admitted rays of light from the scene are, that ultimately come to a focus in an image plane. The aperture  14  also determines the amount of incident light or how many incoming rays are admitted, and thus how much light reaches the imaging sensor, where of course the narrower the aperture the darker the digital image that is captured by the sensor  13  (for a given integration time). Control of the effective pupil size of the aperture  14  is achieved using an electronic driver circuit  15 , which may receive a control signal or command from the exposure controller  18  that may represent the desired size of the effective pupil. The driver circuit  15  translates this input command into a drive voltage that is applied to the input transparent conductors of the aperture  14 , as described below. 
     Turning now to  FIG. 40 , a cutaway view of the aperture  14  in accordance with an embodiment of the invention is shown. As can be seen, the aperture  14  has a stack that includes a front transparent conductor medium  17  which in this example is connected to the “+” terminal of the driver circuit, an electrolyte medium, an active EC medium, and a rear transparent conductor medium  20  (connected to the complimentary terminal of the driver circuit). In one embodiment, the elements of the stack are formed to be in contact with one another as they are depicted in the figure, i.e. the electrolyte medium is formed as a layer whose surface is in contact with the rear transparent conductor layer  20 , and whose opposite surface is in contact with the active EC medium, e.g. an active EC layer, while a surface of the latter is in contact with the front transparent conductor layer  17 . 
     In one embodiment, the electrolyte medium consists of an ion source medium that is adjacent to the rear transparent conductor  20  and is in contact with an ion conduction medium, which in turn is adjacent to the active EC layer. Here, an ion source layer is formed that is not in contact with the active EC layer, but rather is in contact with the ion conduction layer, the latter being in contact with the active EC layer. In other words, the ion conduction layer is entirely sandwiched between the ion source layer and the active EC layer. This arrangement may also be found in other embodiments of the aperture  14 , for instance as they are depicted in the cut away views of  FIGS. 41-43 . 
     The ion source layer stores suitable ions, for example, lithium ions, that will be used for activating the EC layer when a sufficient charge field, that may be generally vertically directed in the context of the figures here, has been generated between the transparent conductor layers  17 ,  20 . In addition, the ion source layer should be sufficiently clear or transparent to allow light rays from the scene to pass through (in a generally vertical direction in the context of the figures here). The ion source layer may also be referred to as a counter electrode layer. 
     The ion conduction layer allows for high mobility of the ions that have been produced by the ion source when entering the active EC layer. 
     The transparent conductor layers  17 ,  20  in the front and rear are formed on a plano surface of a substrate  16  as shown in  FIG. 40 . The stack-up of layers, shown in all of the figures here as starting with the transparent conductor layer  17 , may be formed on upon another. The substrate is an element of a wafer lens as previously described. The substrate may be made of glass, polycarbonate, or other suitable material or composition that is transparent enough for use in an optical system of a consumer electronics camera and that can be used to support the formation of the transparent conductor layers  17 ,  20  and one or two refractive components. 
     A transparent conductor may be, for example, a layer of indium tin oxide (ITO) or other transparent conductive material that is formed as a relatively thin layer. The transparent conductor provides a conductive path for charge from the driver circuit to be applied to the ion source while at the same time allowing the free passage of light rays from the scene. In this case, the front transparent conductor layer  17  is formed on a rear face of the front substrate  16 . Note that the references here to “front” and “rear” are only to make it easier to describe the structure of the aperture  14  and are not intended to be otherwise limiting. For example, in one embodiment, the incident light enters that stack up through the front substrate  16  that is at the bottom of the stack shown in  FIG. 40 ; the aperture  14  may also work where the incident light from the scene enters the aperture in the reverse direction, e.g. through a rear substrate. 
     Still referring to  FIG. 40 , in this embodiment, the active EC layer is tapered at its edge as shown, forming a gradual ring rather than having an abrupt or step-like edge. The ring-shape is apparent as viewed from above (not shown). In other words, while the EC layer spreads substantially perpendicular to an optical axis of the camera module  10  (see  FIG. 39 ) it does not have uniform thickness and instead has a tapered thickness that drops to essentially zero within an empty inner region of the EC layer as shown in  FIG. 40 . In this case, this empty inner region is substantially aligned with or centered with the optical axis. The downward tapering of the EC layer makes way for the material of the ion conduction layer to fill that gap, resulting in a substantially frusto-conical shape for the ion conduction layer as seen in  FIG. 40 . The tapered active EC layer thus presents a minimum pupil width for the aperture  14 , being in this case co-extensive with the bottom of the tapered active EC layer. 
     In operation, the aperture  14  presents effectively a wide pupil so long as there is insufficient current through the outer region of the EC medium, which can be achieved when essentially zero voltage is being applied by the driver circuit to the front and rear transparent conductors. When the driver increases the voltage, ions are forced to travel from the electrolyte medium through the tapered active EC layer, which darkens that outer region of the EC layer. Here it should be noted that the darkness of the EC layer depends on the thickness at that point, in addition to the strength of the current at that point. Thus, the darkness change in the tapered EC layer is gradual in that the darkness increases as one moves outward, away from the center optical axis, for a given fixed voltage. The shape of the taper at the edge of the EC layer may be tuned in order to tune the diffraction qualities of the optical system. This may help create a sharper image on the imaging sensor  13  (see  FIG. 39 ) than an E-O aperture that has an abrupt edge within the active EC layer. For example, tuning the edge of the EC layer may help reduce color aliasing artifacts by reducing spatial frequency response at very high frequencies, and increasing low spatial frequency response (sharpness). 
     Although not shown in the drawings, a top view of the aperture  14  reveals that the inner region which may be centrally aligned with the optical axis may be formed into any suitable shape, although it is expected that a circular shape may produce improved results in that it matches the naturally circular shape of a lens component of the focusing lens  11 . Also, while there are several references here to a “ring” or “ring-like” shape, this does not mean that the external boundary of that shape is necessarily also circular, but rather that the shape is merely annular in that there is an essentially empty inner region surrounded by a non-empty outer region. 
     The overall process of activation and deactivation of the EC layer is reversible, so that the outer region of the active EC layer can transition from a substantially clear (transparent) state into a colored or dark state (in response to sufficient current being produced through it) and back (when the activation voltage is removed). 
     In one embodiment, in its clear state (e.g., at zero drive voltage), the aperture  14  has at least 95 percent transmission of light in a visible band of interest (for consumer electronics digital photography); when the effective pupil diameter is then decreased by three “aperture stop” steps (where each step reduces the diameter by a factor of square root of 2, or about 1.414, hence a halving of the effective area of the pupil), the aperture  14  should still exhibit at least 75 percent light transmission. 
     In one embodiment, referring now to  FIG. 44 , a stack-up according to  FIG. 40  having active EC medium  1  is combined with another stack-up having EC medium  2 . This enables the structure as a whole (shown in  FIG. 44 ) to be controlled or switched into three states, namely a clear state, a dark aperture stop (or stopped down) state, and a neutral density state in which the aperture as a whole exhibits substantially homogeneous reduction in intensity of light from the scene (across all visible colors or wavelengths of interest). A control circuit  23  translates the input request into suitable driver voltage settings of variable voltage sources V 1  and V 2  which in turn cause the active EC media  1 ,  2 , respectively, to exhibit the proper opacity. 
     Turning now to  FIG. 41 , a cut away view of another embodiment of the invention is shown, where in this case the aperture stack is formed such that its front transparent conductor medium or layer  17  is a patterned layer. In particular, as shown in  FIG. 41 , the front transparent conductor layer  17  has a gap or hole formed in it (e.g., through chemical or mechanical etching) that is substantially aligned with or centered with the optical axis. This gap results in insufficient current being generated through the portion of the active EC layer that lies directly under the gap, to activate that portion of the EC medium. In other words, a ring-like current is generated through the active EC layer (when the activation voltage is applied by the driver circuit). This ensures that the inner region of the aperture stack remains essentially clear, forming a minimum effective pupil width, substantially coextensive with the gap in the transparent conductor layer  17 , at a high activation voltage, and yields a progressively larger pupil width as the activation voltage is reduced. In this embodiment, the EC medium consists of an active EC layer that is substantially perpendicular to the optical axis but that also has essentially uniform thickness as shown. The voltage applied by the driver circuit may be modulated or changed continuously from a low or minimum level such as zero volts, which yields a low opacity in the outer region of the EC layer, to a high voltage that yields a high opacity in the outer region of the EC layer. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 42 , this cut away view illustrates an embodiment where the front transparent conductor layer medium  17  of the aperture stack contains an inner transparent conductor plug region, also referred to as an isolated region, i.e. electrically isolated from an outer region of the front transparent conductor medium  17 . This isolated region may be essentially centered or aligned with the optical axis. It may remain electrically floating or it may alternatively be tied to a different voltage than the outer region of the front transparent conductor medium  17 , while the latter is being driven to an activation voltage by the driver circuit. This mechanism again produces a ring-like current through an outer region of the active EC layer, thereby maintaining very low opacity in the inner region of the active EC layer. Thus, similar to the embodiments described above, at a high drive voltage, the outer region of the active EC layer (which is subjected to the ring-like current) reaches high opacity, while its inner region is subjected to essentially no or very low current and thus remains at low opacity. 
     It should be noted that a further advantage of the embodiment of  FIG. 42  over that of  FIG. 41  may be that the difference in optical property between the inner region of the optical path through the aperture  14  (centered or aligned with the optical axis), and the outer region of the optical path (which is subjected to greater opacity by the active EC layer) is reduced, when the drive voltage is minimum and the pupil size is at its widest. In other words, light rays from the scene that pass through the inner region of the aperture  14  will be subjected to essentially the same optical characteristics as the light rays that travel through the outer region (assuming that the effect of the physical gap shown between the isolated region and the outer region of the front transparent conductor layer  17  in  FIG. 42  can be ignored). This might not be the case with the embodiment of  FIG. 40  (because of the tapered active EC layer) and with the embodiment of  FIG. 41  (because of the substantial gap in the transparent conductor layer  17 ). 
     Turning now to  FIG. 43 , in yet another embodiment of the aperture stack, the ion conduction medium or layer becomes a patterned layer as shown, by forming a gap or hole in what may be an otherwise uniformly thick ion conduction layer. The hole may be substantially aligned or centered with the optical axis as shown. This means that when the activation voltage is applied by the driver circuit, not enough ions from the ion source layer will be traveling through the (empty) inner region of the ion conduction layer, and thus should not impact the inner region of the active EC layer that lies directly underneath the hole. Thus, there should be no substantial darkening of the inner region of the active EC layer. Once again, a minimum effective pupil width is achieved in this case, using a different mechanism than those described in  FIGS. 40-42 . Once again, a ring-like current is generated through the EC layer (when the activation voltage is applied by the driver circuit) in order to reduce the width of the aperture. The minimum width or area of the aperture may correspond to essentially the size of the hole in the ion conduction layer. 
     Turning now to  FIG. 46 , a section view of an electro-optic aperture is shown in accordance with another embodiment of the invention. A stack of the aperture here is similar to the embodiment of  FIG. 40  in that there is a substrate on which a transparent conductor medium or layer  17  has been formed. As suggested above, the substrate may be made of any suitable material such as sapphire or glass or other sufficiently transparent material on which the stack of the electro-optic aperture and a refractive element may be formed. In contact with the transparent conductor medium  17  is an active EC layer, an opposite surface of which is in contact with an ion conduction layer. The latter is in contact with an ion source layer. This entire sandwich is bounded by the front and rear transparent conductor layers  17 ,  20 . In the embodiment of  FIG. 46 , there is also a front anti-reflection and/or infrared (IR) cut layer that has been formed between the front transparent conductor layer  17  and the substrate. In addition, the imaging path through the aperture has been defined, in this case, by the addition of a visibly opaque layer having an inner opening. The visibly opaque layer in this example has been applied directly to the substrate, and is formed between the substrate and the adjacent anti-reflection and/or IR cut layer. Note also that openings are formed in the front anti-reflection and/or IR cut layer and a rear anti-reflection layer, so as to allow electrical contacts (not shown) to directly connect with the front and rear transparent conductor layers  17 ,  20 , in order to apply the electro-optic aperture&#39;s activation voltage. In this case, the front and rear anti-reflection and/or IR cut layers entirely envelop or cover the aperture stack, except for the regions needed to make electrical contact (as shown). 
     Turning now to  FIG. 47 , another embodiment of the invention is shown in which the stack of  FIG. 46  has been modified by the addition of a conductive section  26 . This is described in  FIG. 47  as being a small electrical short that is located approximately at the center of the imaging path, directly connecting the two transparent conductor layers  17 ,  20 . In one embodiment, this conductive section or short  26  is relatively small, for example, on the order of about 10 micrometers thick or wide. The conductive section may be formed somewhat similar to how a via is formed in a microelectronic manufacturing process between different metal layers of an integrated circuit. Note that the conductive section  26  may be made of the same material as the front and rear transparent conductor mediums  17 ,  20 . 
       FIG. 47  also shows an example resistor circuit model of such an “apodized” aperture, in which an activation voltage of in this case 2 Volts is being applied to the two transparent conductor layers  17 ,  20 . The conductive section  26  by virtue of being located at the center of the imaging path will have the midpoint voltage of about +1 Volt. Note, however, that the potential across the active EC medium will vary from essentially zero volts at the center (due to the presence of the conductive section  26 ) and progressively greater towards the periphery of the imaging path, here up to 2 Volts at the periphery. This means that the EC medium is least opaque at the center, and progressively more opaque moving outward to the periphery. It can also be seen that if the conductive section  26  is made thicker or larger, the smallest or minimum pupil size of the aperture may also be larger, because the region of the EC layer across which there is zero voltage is larger. 
     Although  FIG. 47  shows the conductive section  26  as being oriented at about 90° relative to the front and rear transparent conductor layers  17 ,  20 , and is located closer to a center rather than a periphery of a cross-section of the imaging path, an alternative may be to locate and orient or shape the conductive section  26  differently. In addition, there may be more than one such discrete conductive section or short that directly connects the transparent conductor layers  17 ,  20 . 
     Referring now to  FIG. 48 , a perspective view of a portable wireless communications device  30  in which a camera module  10  using a lens system in accordance with an embodiment of the invention is integrated. The device in this case may be a smart phone or a tablet computer, which is a handheld device in the sense of being intended for use while held in a single hand of the user. Of course, the camera module  10  may alternatively be integrated in other types of portable wireless devices, such as laptop or notebook computers, and it may also be integrated within non-portable devices such as desktop personal computers, television monitors, or any other electronic device that has a particularly short profile in the Z-axis (Z-height). In the case of the smart phone or tablet computer, the device has an outer housing in which is integrated a cellular network wireless communications circuit that enables the device to function as a mobile telephony terminal or end station. The portable wireless communications device may have an outer housing whose Z-height is in the range of 8 mm-13 mm, thereby being particularly fitting to receive therein a camera module that has a Z-height within the range of 6 mm-9 mm. 
     The following descriptions provide further details of the exemplary embodiments illustrated in  FIGS. 1 through 27  of a compact lens system having a low F-number that may be used in a small form factor camera. 
       FIG. 1  is a cross-sectional illustration of an example embodiment of a compact lens system  110 . The lens system  110  includes six lens components  101 - 106  with refractive power. The parts of the lens system  110  are arranged along an optical axis AX of the lens system from an object side to an image side (from left to right in the drawing) as follows:
         a first lens component L 1    101  with positive refractive power having a convex object side surface and focal length f 1 ;   an aperture stop AS  114 ;   a second lens component L 2    102  with negative refractive power having a convex object side surface and focal length f 2 ;   a third lens component L 3    103  with positive refractive power and focal length f 3 ;   a fourth lens component L 4    104  with positive refractive power and focal length f 4 ;   a fifth lens component L 5    105  with positive refractive power and focal length f 5 ; and   a sixth lens component L 6    106  with negative refractive power and focal length f 6 .       

     The lens system  110  forms an image at the surface of a photosensor  118 . In some embodiments, an infrared (IR) filter  116  may be located between the sixth lens component L 6    106  and the photosensor  118 . 
     The effective focal length of the lens system  110  is given by f. The total track length (TTL) of the compact lens system  110  is the distance along the optical axis between the object side surface of the first component L 1  and the image plane. The lens system  110  is configured such that the ratio (TTL/f) of the lens system  110  satisfies the relation:
 
1.0&lt;TTL/ f &lt;2.0
 
     An aperture stop AS  114 , which may be located at the front surface of lens component L 1    101 , determines the entrance pupil of the lens system  110 . The lens system  110  focal ratio or f-number is defined as the lens system  110  effective focal length f divided by the entrance pupil diameter. The IR filter  118  may act to block infrared radiation that could damage or adversely affect the photosensor, and may be configured so as to have no effect on f. 
     Tables 1A and 1B provide example values for various optical and physical parameters of an example embodiment of the lens system  110  as illustrated in  FIG. 1 . Tables 1A and 1B may be referred to as providing an optical prescription for the lens system  110 . The optical prescription in Tables 1A and 1B describes an example embodiment of a compact lens system  110  as illustrated in  FIG. 1  that includes six lens components with refractive power and effective focal length f. 
     Referring to Tables 1A and 1B, embodiments of lens system  110  cover applications in the visible region of the spectrum from 470 nanometers (nm) to 650 nm with a reference wavelength at 555 nm. The optical prescription in Tables 1A and 1B provides high image quality at f/1.8 over 470 nm to 650 nm spectrum, for an effective focal length f of 4.1 millimeters (mm), covering 77.6 degrees field of view (FOV) (38.8 degrees half FOV). The lens system  110 , illustrated in  FIG. 1  and with optical prescription as shown in Tables 1A and 1B, has total track length TTL of 5.802 mm and ratio (TTL/f) of 1.4151. 
     The six lens components L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , L 4 , L 5 , and L 6  of lens system  110  may be composed of plastic materials with refractive indices and Abbe numbers as listed in Table 1A. As shown in Table 1A, in at least some embodiments of lens system  110 , three types of plastic materials may be used for the lens components. Lens component L 1  may be composed of plastic material with an Abbe number of 56.3, and L 3 , L 4 , and L 5  may be composed of the same plastic material with an Abbe number V 1  of 55.9, and lens components L 2  and L 6 , may be composed of another plastic material with an Abbe number V 2  of 22.4. The application of these plastic materials for the lens components in lens system  110  enables lens system  110  to be optimized and corrected for chromatic aberrations over the visible region. 
     The lens component materials may be chosen and the refractive power distribution of the lens components may be calculated to satisfy the effective focal length f and correction of the field curvature or Petzval sum. The monochromatic and chromatic variations of optical aberrations may be reduced by adjusting the radii of curvature and aspheric coefficients or geometrical shapes of the lens components and axial separations as illustrated in Table 1B to produce well corrected and balanced minimal residual aberrations. 
       FIG. 2  shows the polychromatic ray aberration curves over the half field of view (HFOV=38.8 degrees) over the visible spectral band ranging from 470 nm to 650 nm for a lens system  110  as illustrated in  FIG. 1  and described in Tables 1A and 1B. 
       FIG. 3  shows the polychromatic curves for the chromatic variations of spherical aberration, astigmatic field curves, and distortion for the lens system  110  as illustrated in  FIG. 1  and described in Tables 1A and 1B. 
     The second lens component L 2    102  of the lens system  110  has negative refractive power or negative focal length f 2  and a convex object side surface. In addition, lens component L 2  of lens system  110  is negative meniscus in shape and has positive vertex radii of curvature R 3  and R 4 , where R 3 &gt;R 4 , and R 3 /R 4  is about 2.371. 
     In the example embodiment of the lens system  110  as described by the optical prescription in Tables 1A and 1B, the refractive powers of the lens components are distributed such that the ratios of the focal lengths of the lens component relative to the system focal length f are as follows:
 
| f   1   /f |=0.908,
 
| f   2   /f |=1.430,
 
| f   3   /f |=2.384,
 
| f   4   /f |=5.962,
 
| f   5   /f |=2.765, and
 
| f   6   /f |=1.180.
 
     The lens components have vertex radii of curvature that satisfy the following relations:
 
 L   1    R   1   /R   2 =−0.808,
 
 L   2    R   3   /R   4 =2.371,
 
 L   3    R   5   /R   6 =−0.392,
 
 L   4    R   7   /R   8 =1.013,
 
 L   5    R   9   /R   10 =0.782, and
 
 L   6    R   11   /R   12 =110.099.
 
     The aspheric coefficients for the surfaces of the lens components in lens system  110  in the example embodiment are listed in Table 1B. Configuring lens system  110  according to the arrangement of the power distribution of the lens components, and adjusting the radii of curvature and aspheric coefficient as shown in Tables 1A and 1B, the total track length (TTL), of the lens system  110  may be reduced (e.g., to 5.802 mm as shown in Table 1A). Aberration of the system may effectively be corrected to obtain optical performance of high image quality resolution in a small form factor WFOV, f/1.80 lens system  110 . 
       FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional illustration of an example embodiment of a compact lens system  210 . The lens system  210  includes six lens components  201 - 206  with refractive power. The lens system  210  may be viewed as a variation of the lens system  110  of  FIG. 1  and components of the two systems  110 ,  210  may be similar. However, in lens system  210 , the system F-number or focal ratio is f/1.75. 
     Tables 2A and 2B provide example values for various optical and physical parameters of an example embodiment of a lens system  210  as illustrated in  FIG. 4 . Tables 2A and 2B may be referred to as providing an optical prescription for a lens system  210 . The optical prescription in Tables 2A and 2B describe an example embodiment of a lens system as illustrated in  FIG. 4  that includes six lens components with refractive power and effective focal length f. 
     The optical prescription in Tables 2A and 2B is for lens system  210  with an effective focal length f of 4.1 mm at 555 nm wavelength, a focal ratio of f/1.75, with 77.6 degrees FOV, TTL of 5.801 mm, and with TTL/f equal to 1.4148. Lens system  210  is a compact imaging system designed for visible spectrum covering 470 nm to 650 nm. 
     The lens components L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , L 4 , L 5 , and L 6    201 - 206  of the lens system  210  may be composed of plastic materials with refractive indices and Abbe numbers as listed in Table 2A. In this example embodiment of a lens system  210 , the choice of lens materials is as listed in Table 1A. Referring to the lens system  210 , the lens component L 1 , L 3 , L 4 , and L 5    201 ,  203 - 205  may be composed of a plastic material having an Abbe number of V 1 =55.9. The lens components L 2    202  and L 6    206  may be composed of a plastic material with Abbe number V 2 =22.4. 
     The lens system  210  as specified in Tables 2A and 2B is configured to correct optical aberrations as described above for the lens system  110  specified by the optical prescription in Tables 1A and 1B. 
       FIG. 5  shows the polychromatic ray aberration curves over the half field of view (HFOV=38.8 degrees) for an object located at infinity (object distance&gt;20 meters) for object point on-axis (at 0 degree) to an off-axis field point at 38.8 degrees, and over the visible band ranging from 470 nm to 650 nm for a compact lens system  210  as illustrated in  FIG. 4  and described in Tables 2A and 2B. 
       FIG. 6  shows the polychromatic curves for the chromatic variations of spherical aberration, astigmatic field curves, and distortion for the lens system  210  as illustrated in  FIG. 4  and described in Tables 2A and 2B. 
     In the example embodiment of the lens system  210  as described by the optical prescription in Tables 2A and 2B, the refractive powers of the lens components are distributed such that the ratios of the focal lengths of the lens component relative to the system focal length f are as follows:
 
| f   1   /f|= 0.935,
 
| f   2   /f|= 1.432,
 
| f   3   /f|= 2.260,
 
| f   4   /f|= 6.210,
 
| f   5   /f|= 2.692, and
 
| f   6   /f|= 1.212.
 
     The lens components have vertex radii of curvature that satisfy the following relations:
 
 L   1    R   1   /R   2 =−0.701,
 
 L   2    R   3   /R   4 =2.252,
 
 L   3    R   5   /R   6 =−0.145,
 
 L   4    R   7   /R   8 =1.011,
 
 L   5    R   9   /R   10 =0.768, and
 
 L   6    R   11   /R   12 =22.807.
 
     The aspheric coefficients for the surfaces of the lens components in the lens system  210  in the example embodiment are listed in Table 2B. Configuring lens system  210  according to the arrangement of the power distribution of the lens components, and adjusting the radii of curvature and aspheric coefficient as shown in Tables 2A and 2B, the total track length (TTL), of the lens system  210  may be reduced (e.g., to 5.801 mm as shown in Table 2A). Aberration of the system may effectively be corrected to obtain optical performance of high image quality resolution, for an object scene at infinity in a small form factor f/1.75 lens system  210 . 
       FIG. 7  is a cross-sectional illustration of an example embodiment of a compact lens system  310 . The lens system  310  includes a wafer lens component L 1    301  with refractive power and five lens components  302 - 306  with refractive power. The parts of the lens system  310  are arranged along an optical axis AX of the lens system from an object side to an image side (from left to right in the drawing) as follows:
         an aperture stop AS  314 ,   a first wafer lens component L 1    301  with positive refractive power having a convex object side surface and focal length f 1 ,   a second lens component L 2    302  with negative refractive power and focal length f 2 ,   a third lens component L 3    303  with positive refractive power and focal length f 3 ,   a fourth lens component L 4    304  with positive refractive power having a convex image side surface and focal length f 4 ,   a fifth lens component L 5    305  with positive refractive power and focal length f 5 , and   a sixth lens component L 6    306  with negative refractive power.       

     The lens system  310  forms an image at the surface of a photosensor  318 . In some embodiments, an infrared (IR) filter  316  may be located between the sixth lens component L 6    306  and the photosensor  318 . 
     The effective focal length of the lens system  310  is given by f. The total track length (TTL) of the compact lens system  310  is the distance along the optical axes AX between the object side surface of the first component L 1  and the image plane. Referring to  FIG. 7 , the TTL is the axial distance between the front vertex of the object side surface of L 1  and the image plane. The lens system  310  is configured such that the ratio (TTL/f) of the lens system  310  satisfies the relation:
 
1.0&lt;TTL/ f &lt;2.0.
 
     An aperture stop AS  314 , which may be located at the front surface of lens component L 1    301 , determines the entrance pupil of the lens system  310 . The lens system  310  focal ratio or f-number is defined as the lens system  310  effective focal length f divided by the entrance pupil diameter. The IR filter  318  may act to block infrared radiation that could damage or adversely affect the photosensor, and may be configured so as to have no effect on f. 
     Tables 3A and 3B provide example values of various optical and physical parameters of an example embodiment of a lens system  310  as illustrated in  FIG. 7 . Tables 3A and 3B may be referred to as providing an optical prescription for a lens system  310 . The optical prescription in Tables 3A and 3B is for a lens system  310  with an effective focal length f of 4.1 mm at 555 nm wavelength, a focal ratio of f/1.8, with 77.6 degrees FOV, TTL of 5.80 mm, and with TTL/f equal to 1.4146. Lens system  310  is a compact imaging system designed for visible spectrum covering 470 nm to 650 nm. 
     The wafer lens component L 1    301  may be composed of a planar substrate  322  and layer laminates  324 ,  326  of UV curable polymeric or plastic materials (listed in Table 3B) formed using known manufacturing methods such as casting, molding, or microlithographic process on the planar substrate, which may be a planar glass substrate. The remaining five lens components L 2 , L 3 , L 4 , L 5 , and L 6    302 - 306  of the lens system  310  may be composed of plastic materials with refractive indices and Abbe numbers as listed in Table 3A. In this example embodiment of a lens system  310 , the choice of lens materials for the refractive lens components are the same as in the optical prescription for the lens system  110  as listed in Table 1A. Referring to the lens system  310  as specified in Tables 3A and 3B, the lens component L 3 , L 4 , and L 5    303 - 305  may be composed of a plastic material having an Abbe number of V 1 =55.9. The lens components L 2    302  and L 6    306  may be composed of a plastic material with Abbe number V 2 =22.4. 
     The lens system  310  as specified in Tables 3A and 3B is configured to correct optical aberrations as described above for the lens system  110  specified by the optical prescription in Tables 1A and 1B. 
       FIG. 8  shows the polychromatic ray aberration curves over the half field of view (HFOV=38.8 degrees) for an object point on-axis (at 0 degree) to an off-axis field point at 38.8 degrees, and over the visible band ranging from 470 nm to 650 nm for a compact lens system  310  as illustrated in  FIG. 7  and described in Tables 3A and 3B. 
       FIG. 9  shows the polychromatic curves for the chromatic variations of spherical aberration, astigmatic field curves, and distortion for the lens system  310  as illustrated in  FIG. 7  and described in Tables 3A and 3B. Note that the plots illustrated in  FIGS. 8 and 9  show well corrected aberrations of the lens system  310  in  FIG. 7 . 
     In the example embodiment of the lens system  310  as described by the optical prescription in Tables 3A and 3B, the refractive powers of the lens components are distributed such that the ratios of the focal lengths of the lens component relative to the system focal length f are as follows:
 
| f   1   /f|= 1.030,
 
| f   2   /f|= 1.564,
 
| f   3   /f|= 1.976,
 
| f   4   /f|= 6.439,
 
| f   5   /f|= 2.576, and
 
| f   6   /f|= 1.111.
 
     The lens components have vertex radii of curvature that satisfy the following relations:
 
 L   1    R   1   /R   2 =−0.544,
 
 L   2    R   3   /R   4 =2.052,
 
 L   3    R   5   /R   6 =−0.611,
 
 L   4    R   7   /R   8 =1.021,
 
 L   5    R   9   /R   10 =0.771, and
 
 L   6    R   11   /R   12 =−47.688.
 
     The aspheric coefficients for the surfaces of the lens components in lens system  310  in the example embodiment are listed in Table 3B. Configuring lens system  310  according to the arrangement of the power distribution of the lens components, and adjusting the radii of curvature and aspheric coefficient as shown in Tables 3A and 3B, the total track length (TTL), of the lens system  310  may be reduced (e.g., to 5.800 mm as shown in Table 3A). Aberration of the system may effectively be corrected to obtain optical performance of high image quality resolution, for object scene at infinity in a small form factor f/1.80 lens system  310 . 
       FIG. 10  is a cross-sectional illustration of an example embodiment of a low F-number (f/1.80) lens system  410 . The lens system  410  includes a wafer lens component L 1    401  and five additional lens components  402 - 406  with refractive power. The parts of the lens system  410  are arranged along an optical axis AX of the lens system from an object side to an image side (from left to right in the drawing) as follows:
         a first wafer lens component L 1    401  with positive refractive power having a convex object side surface and focal length f 1 ,   an aperture stop AS  414  applied to the object side plano surface of the substrate  422  of the first wafer lens component  401 ,   a second lens component L 2    402  with negative refractive power and focal length f 2 ,   a third lens component L 3    403  with positive refractive power and focal length f 3 ,   a fourth lens component L 4    404  with positive refractive power having a convex image side surface and focal length f 4 ,   a fifth lens component L 5    405  with positive refractive power and focal length f 5 , and   a sixth lens component L 6    406  with negative refractive power.       

     The lens system  410  forms an image at the surface of a photosensor  418 . In some embodiments, an infrared (IR) filter  416  may be located between the sixth lens component L 6    406  and the photosensor  418 . The lens system  410  may be viewed as a variation of the lens system  310  of  FIG. 7  and the components of the two systems  410  and  310  may be similar. However, in the lens system  410  of  FIG. 10 , the aperture stop is located at the first planar surface of the substrate  422  of the wafer lens component L 1    401 . The wafer lens component  401  comprises a planar substrate  422 , which may be a planar glass substrate, with a first layer laminate  424  and a second layer laminate  426  of polymeric or plastic materials formed on the planar surfaces of the planar substrate. 
     An aperture stop (AS)  414  is applied to the object side plano surface of the planar substrate  422 . The aperture stop  414  may be a fixed aperture stop in the form of a material applied to the planar substrate  422  to provide a transparent opening, such as a circular opening, centered on the optical axis. In another embodiment, a thin film layer  414  of conductive organic or inorganic material may be deposited on the planar substrate  422  to provide an aperture stop in the form of an electrochromic lens component having variable light transmittance in response to an applied electrical voltage. The electrochromic lens component  414  may provide a central transparent opening that can be adjusted by an applied voltage that provides a variable intensity profile distribution across the aperture opening for the light energy transmitted through the optical system. 
     Tables 4A and 4B provide example values of various optical and physical parameters of an example embodiment of the lens system  410  as illustrated in  FIG. 10 . The lens system  410  may be equipped with an electrochromic layer for dynamically varying the light transmittance of the lens in response to an applied electrical voltage. 
     Tables 4A and 4B may be referred to as providing an optical prescription for a lens system  410 . The optical prescription in Tables 4A and 4B is for lens system  410  with an effective focal length f of 4.10 mm at 555 nm wavelength, a focal ratio of f/1.8, with 77.6 degrees FOV, TTL of 5.800 mm, and with TTL/f equal to 1.4146. Lens system  410  is a compact imaging system designed for visible spectrum covering 470 nm to 650 nm. 
     The wafer lens component L 1    401  may be composed of a planar substrate  422  and layer laminates  424 ,  426  of UV curable polymeric or plastic materials (with refractive indices and Abbe numbers listed in Table 4A) formed using known manufacturing methods such as casting, molding, or microlithographic process on the planar substrate. The remaining five lens components L 2 , L 3 , L 4 , L 5 , and L 6    402 - 406  of the lens system  410  may be composed of plastic materials with refractive indices and Abbe numbers as listed in Table 4A. In this example embodiment of a lens system  410 , the choice of lens materials for the refractive lens components are the same as in the optical prescription for the lens system  310  as listed in Table 3A. Referring to the lens system  410  as specified in Tables 4A and 4B, the lens component L 3 , L 4 , and L 5    403 - 405  may be composed of a plastic material having an Abbe number of V 1 =55.9. The lens components L 2    402  and L 6    406  may be composed of a plastic material with Abbe number V 2 =22.4. 
     The lens system  410  as specified in Tables 4A and 4B is configured to correct optical aberrations as described above for the lens system  110  specified by the optical prescription in Tables 1A and 1B. 
       FIG. 11  shows the polychromatic ray aberration curves over the half field of view (HFOV=38.8 degrees) for an object point on-axis (at 0 degree) to an off-axis field point at 38.8 degrees, and over the visible band ranging from 470 nm to 650 nm for a compact lens system  410  as illustrated in  FIG. 10  and described in Tables 4A and 4B. 
       FIG. 12  shows the polychromatic curves for the chromatic variations of spherical aberration, astigmatic field curves, and distortion for the lens system  410  as illustrated in  FIG. 10  and described in Tables 4A and 4B. Note that the plots illustrated in  FIGS. 11 and 12  illustrate corrected aberrations of the lens system in  FIG. 10 . 
     In the example embodiment of the lens system  410  as described by the optical prescription in Tables 4A and 4B, the refractive powers of the lens components are distributed such that the ratios of the focal lengths of the lens component relative to the system focal length f are as follows:
 
| f   1   /f|= 1.030,
 
| f   2   /f|= 1.564,
 
| f   3   /f|= 1.976,
 
| f   4   /f|= 6.439,
 
| f   5   /f|= 2.576, and
 
| f   6   /f|= 1.111.
 
     The lens components have vertex radii of curvature that satisfy the following relations:
 
 L   1    R   1   /R   2 =−0.544,
 
 L   2    R   3   /R   4 =2.052,
 
 L   3    R   5   /R   6 =−0.611,
 
 L   4    R   7   /R   8 =1.021,
 
 L   5    R   9   /R   10 =0.771, and
 
 L   6    R   11   /R   12 =−47.688.
 
     The aspheric coefficients for the surfaces of the lens components in lens system  410  in the example embodiment are listed in Table 4B. Configuring lens system  410  according to the arrangement of the power distribution of the lens components, and adjusting the radii of curvature and aspheric coefficient as shown in Tables 4A and 4B, the total track length (TTL), of the lens system  410  may be reduced (e.g., to 5.800 mm as shown in Table 4A). Aberration of the system may effectively be corrected to obtain optical performance of high image quality resolution, for object scene at infinity in a small form factor f/1.80 lens system  410 . 
       FIG. 13  is a cross-sectional illustration of an example embodiment of a low F-number (f/1.80) lens system  510 . The lens system  510  includes a wafer lens component L 1    501  with refractive power and five lens components ( 502 - 506 ) with refractive power. The parts of the lens system  310  are arranged along an optical axis AX of the lens system from an object side to an image side (from left to right in the drawing) as follows:
         an aperture stop AS  514 ,   a first wafer lens component L 1    501  with positive refractive power having a convex object side surface and focal length f 1 ,   a second lens component L 2    502  with negative refractive power and focal length f 2 ,   a third lens component L 3    503  with positive refractive power and focal length f 3 ,   a fourth lens component L 4    504  with positive refractive power having a convex image side surface and focal length f 4 ,   a fifth lens component L 5    505  with positive refractive power and focal length f 5 , and   a sixth lens component L 6    506  with negative refractive power.       

     The lens system  510  forms an image at the surface of a photosensor  518 . In some embodiments, an infrared (IR) filter  516  may be located between the sixth lens component L 6    506  and the photosensor  518 . 
     This lens system  510  may be viewed as a similar in design configuration to the lens system  310  of  FIG. 7 . The components of the two systems  310 ,  510  may be similar. Both lens systems  310 ,  510  have an aperture stop  314 ,  514  located on the object side of the wafer lens component L 1    301 ,  501 . The wafer lens components  301 ,  501  comprise a planar substrate  322 ,  522 , which may be a planar glass substrate, with a first laminate layer  324 ,  524  and a second laminate layer  326 ,  526  of polymeric or plastic materials formed on the planar surfaces of the planar substrates  322 ,  522 . The planar substrates  322 ,  522  are comprised of different materials for the two lens systems  310 ,  510 . 
     Tables 5A and 5B provide example values of various optical and physical parameters of an example embodiment of a lens system  510  as illustrated in  FIG. 13 . Tables 5A and 5B may be referred to as providing an optical prescription for a lens system  510 . The optical prescription in Tables 5A and 5B is for lens system  510  with an effective focal length f of 4.10 mm at 555 nm wavelength, a focal ratio of f/1.8, with 77.6 degrees FOV, TTL of 5.809 mm, and with TTL/f equal to 1.4168. Lens system  510  is a compact imaging system designed for visible spectrum covering 470 nm to 650 nm. 
     The wafer lens component L 1    501  may be composed of a planar substrate  522 , which may be a planar glass substrate, and layer laminates  524 ,  526  of polymeric or plastic materials (with refractive indices and Abbe numbers listed in Table 5A) formed using known manufacturing methods such as casting, molding, or microlithographic process on the planar substrate. The remaining five lens components L 2 , L 3 , L 4 , L 5 , and L 6    502 - 506  of lens system  510  may be composed of plastic materials with refractive indices and Abbe numbers as listed in Table 5A. In this example embodiment of lens system  510 , the choice of lens materials for the refractive lens components are the same as in the optical prescription for the lens system  310  as listed in Table 3A. Referring to the lens system  510 , the lens component L 3 , L 4 , and L 5    503 - 505  may be composed of a plastic material having an Abbe number of V 1 =55.9. The lens components L 2  and L 6    502 ,  506  may be composed of a plastic material with Abbe number V 2 =22.4. 
     The lens system  510  as specified in Tables 5A and 5B is configured to correct optical aberrations as described above for the lens system  110  specified by the optical prescription in Tables 1A and 1B. 
       FIG. 14  shows the polychromatic ray aberration curves over the half field of view (HFOV=38.8 degrees) for an object point on-axis (at 0 degree) to an off-axis field point at 38.8 degrees, and over the visible band ranging from 470 nm to 650 nm for a compact lens system  510  as illustrated in  FIG. 13  and described in Tables 5A and 5B. 
       FIG. 15  shows the polychromatic curves for the chromatic variations of spherical aberration, astigmatic field curves, and distortion for the lens system  510  as illustrated in  FIG. 13  and described in Tables 5A and 5B. Note that the plots illustrated in  FIGS. 14 and 15  illustrate corrected aberrations of the lens system in  FIG. 13 . 
     In the example embodiment of the lens system  510  as described by the optical prescription in Tables 5A and 5B, the refractive powers of the lens components are distributed such that the ratios of the focal lengths of the lens component relative to the system focal length f are as follows:
 
| f   1   /f|= 1.082,
 
| f   2   /f|= 1.615,
 
| f   3   /f|= 1.780,
 
| f   4   /f|= 6.351,
 
| f   5   /f|= 2.671, and
 
| f   6   /f|= 1.087.
 
     The lens components have vertex radii of curvature that satisfy the following relations:
 
 L   1    R   1   /R   2 =−0.591,
 
 L   2    R   3   /R   4 =1.940,
 
 L   3    R   5   /R   6 =−0.566,
 
 L   4    R   7   /R   8 =1.014,
 
 L   5    R   9   /R   10 =0.781, and
 
 L   6    R   11   /R   12 =−20.098.
 
     The aspheric coefficients for the surfaces of the lens components in lens system  510  in the example embodiment are listed in Table 5B. Configuring lens system  510  according to the arrangement of the power distribution of the lens components, and adjusting the radii of curvature and aspheric coefficient as shown in Tables 5A and 5B, the total track length (TTL), of the lens system  510  may be reduced (e.g., to 5.809 mm as shown in Table 5A). Aberration of the system may effectively be corrected to obtain optical performance of high image quality resolution, for object scene at infinity in a small form factor f/1.80 lens system  510 . 
       FIG. 16  is a cross-sectional illustration of an example embodiment of a low F-number (f/1.80) lens system  610 . The lens system  610  includes a wafer lens component L 1    601  and five additional lens components  602 - 606  with refractive power. The parts of the lens system  610  are arranged along an optical axis AX of the lens system from an object side to an image side (from left to right in the drawing) as follows:
         a first wafer lens component L 1    601  with positive refractive power having a convex object side surface and focal length f 1 ,   an aperture stop AS  614  applied to the object side plano surface of the substrate  622  of the first wafer lens component  601 ,   a second lens component L 2    602  with negative refractive power and focal length f 2 ,   a third lens component L 3    603  with positive refractive power and focal length f 3 ,   a fourth lens component L 4    604  with positive refractive power having a convex image side surface and focal length f 4 ,   a fifth lens component L 5    605  with positive refractive power and focal length f 5 , and   a sixth lens component L 6    606  with negative refractive power.       

     The lens system  610  forms an image at the surface of a photosensor  618 . In some embodiments, an infrared (IR) filter  616  may be located between the sixth lens component L 6    606  and the photosensor  618 . 
     This lens system  610  may be viewed as similar in design configuration to the lens system  410  of  FIG. 10 . The components of the two systems  410 ,  610  may be similar. Both lens systems  410 ,  610  have an aperture stop located at one of the planar surfaces of the substrate  422 ,  622  of the wafer lens component L 1    401 ,  601 . The wafer lens components  401 ,  601  comprise a planar substrate  422 ,  622 , which may be a planar glass substrate, with a first laminate layer  424 ,  624  and a second laminate layer  426 ,  626  of polymeric or plastic materials formed on the planar surfaces of the planar substrates  422 ,  622 . The planar substrates  422 ,  622  are comprised of different materials for the two lens systems  410 ,  610 . 
     An aperture stop (AS)  614  is applied to the object side plano surface of the planar substrate  622 . The aperture stop  614  may be a fixed aperture stop in the form of a material applied to the planar substrate  622  to provide a transparent opening, such as a circular opening, centered on the optical axis. In another embodiment, a transparent thin film layer  614  of conductive organic polymer or inorganic material may be deposited on the planar substrate  622  to provide an aperture stop in the form of an electrochromic layer having variable light transmittance in response to an applied electrical voltage. The electrochromic lens component  614  may provide a central transparent opening that can be adjusted by an applied voltage that provides a variable intensity profile distribution across the aperture opening for the light energy transmitted through the optical system. 
     Tables 6A and 6B provide example values of various optical and physical parameters of an example embodiment of a lens system  610  as illustrated in  FIG. 16 . The lens system  610  may be equipped with electrochromic layer for dynamically varying the light transmittance of the lens in response to an applied electrical voltage. Tables 6A and 6B may be referred to as providing an optical prescription for a lens system  610 . The optical prescription in Tables 6A and 6B is for lens system  610  with an effective focal length f of 4.10 mm at 555 nm wavelength, a focal ratio of f/1.8, with 77.6 degrees FOV, TTL of 5.809 mm, and with TTL/f equal to 1.4168. Lens system  610  is a compact imaging system designed for visible spectrum covering 470 nm to 650 nm. 
     The wafer lens component L 1    601  may be composed of a planar substrate  622 , which may be a planar glass substrate, and layer laminates  624 ,  626  of polymeric or plastic materials (with refractive indices and Abbe numbers listed in Table 6A) formed using known manufacturing methods such as casting, molding, or microlithographic process on the planar substrate. The remaining five lens components L 2 , L 3 , L 4 , L 5 , and L 6    602 - 606  of lens system  610  may be composed of plastic materials with refractive indices and Abbe numbers as listed in Table 6A. In this example embodiment of a lens system  610 , the choice of lens materials for the refractive lens components are the same as in the optical prescription for the lens system  410  as listed in Table 4A. Referring to the lens system  610 , the lens component L 3 , L 4 , and L 5    603 - 605  may be composed of a plastic material having an Abbe number of V 1 =55.9. The lens components L 2  and L 6    602 ,  606  may be composed of a plastic material with Abbe number V 2 =22.4. 
     The lens system  610  as specified in Tables 6A and 6B is configured to correct optical aberrations as described above for the lens system  110  specified by the optical prescription in Tables 1A and 1B. 
       FIG. 17  shows the polychromatic ray aberration curves over the half field of view (HFOV=38.8 degrees) for an object point on-axis (at 0 degree) to an off-axis field point at 38.8 degrees, and over the visible band ranging from 470 nm to 650 nm for a compact lens system  610  as illustrated in  FIG. 16  and described in Tables 6A and 6B. 
       FIG. 18  shows the polychromatic curves for the chromatic variations of spherical aberration, astigmatic field curves, and distortion for the lens system  610  as illustrated in  FIG. 16  and described in Tables 6A and 6B. Note that the plots illustrated in  FIGS. 17 and 18  illustrate corrected aberrations of the lens system in  FIG. 16 . 
     In the example embodiment of the lens system  610  as described by the optical prescription in Tables 6A and 6B, the refractive powers of the lens components are distributed such that the ratios of the focal lengths of the lens component relative to the system focal length f are as follows:
 
| f   1   /f|= 1.082,
 
| f   2   /f|= 1.615,
 
| f   3   /f|= 1.780,
 
| f   4   /f|= 6.351,
 
| f   5   /f|= 2.671, and
 
| f   6   /f|= 1.087.
 
     The lens components have vertex radii of curvature that satisfy the following relations:
 
 L   1    R   1   /R   2 =−0.591,
 
 L   2    R   3   /R   4 =1.940,
 
 L   3    R   5   /R   6 =−0.566,
 
 L   4    R   7   /R   8 =1.014,
 
 L   5    R   9   /R   10 =0.781, and
 
 L   6    R   11   /R   12 =−20.098.
 
     The aspheric coefficients for the surfaces of the lens components in lens system  610  in the example embodiment are listed in Table 6B. Configuring lens system  610  according to the arrangement of the power distribution of the lens components, and adjusting the radii of curvature and aspheric coefficient as shown in Tables 6A and 6B, the total track length (TTL), of the lens system  610  may be reduced (e.g., to 5.809 mm as shown in Table 6A). Aberration of the system may effectively be corrected to obtain optical performance of high image quality resolution, for object scene at infinity in a small form factor f/1.80 lens system  610 . 
       FIG. 19  is a cross-sectional illustration of an example embodiment of a compact lens system  710 . The lens system  710  includes six lens components ( 701 - 706 ) with refractive power. The lens system  710  may be viewed as a variation of lens system  110  of  FIG. 1  and components of the two systems  110  and  710  may be similar. 
     Tables 7A and 7B provide example values of various optical and physical parameters of an example embodiment of a lens system  710  as illustrated in  FIG. 19 . Tables 7A and 7B may be referred to as providing an optical prescription for a lens system  710 . The optical prescription in Tables 7A and 7B is for a lens system  710  with an effective focal length f of 4.1 mm at 555 nm wavelength, a focal ratio of f/2.0, with 77.8 degrees FOV, TTL of 5.750 mm, and with TTL/f equal to 1.4024. Lens system  710  is a compact imaging system designed for visible spectrum covering 470 nm to 650 nm. 
     The lens components L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , L 4 , L 5 , and L 6    701 - 706  of the lens system  710  may be composed of plastic materials with refractive indices and Abbe numbers as listed in Table 7A. In this example embodiment of a lens system  710 , the choice of lens materials is as listed in Table 7A. Referring to the lens system  710 , the lens component L 1 , L 3 , L 4 , and L 5    701 ,  703 - 705  may be composed of a plastic material having an Abbe number of V 1 =55.9. The lens components L 2    702  and L 6    706  may be composed of a plastic material with Abbe number V 2 =22.4. 
     The lens system  710  as specified in Tables 7A and 7B is configured to correct optical aberrations as described above for the lens system  110  specified by the optical prescription in Tables 1A and 1B. 
       FIG. 20  shows the polychromatic ray aberration curves over the half field of view (HFOV=38.8 degrees) for an object located at infinity (object distance&gt;20 meters) for object point on-axis (at 0 degree) to an off-axis field point at 38.8 degrees, and over the visible band ranging from 470 nm to 650 nm for a compact lens system  710  as illustrated in  FIG. 19  and described in Tables 7A and 7B. 
       FIG. 21  shows the polychromatic curves for the chromatic variations of spherical aberration, astigmatic field curves, and distortion for the lens system  710  as illustrated in  FIG. 19  and described in Tables 7A and 7B. 
     In the example embodiment of the lens system  710  as described by the optical prescription in Tables 7A and 7B, the refractive powers of the lens components are distributed such that the ratios of the focal lengths of the lens component relative to the system focal length f are as follows:
 
| f   1   /f|= 0.962,
 
| f   2   /f|= 1.740,
 
| f   3   /f|= 25.215,
 
| f   4   /f|= 1.719,
 
| f   5   /f|= 2.818, and
 
| f   6   /f|= 0.976.
 
     The lens components have vertex radii of curvature that satisfy the following relations:
 
 L   1    R   1   /R   2 =−0.392,
 
 L   2    R   3   /R   4 =5.718,
 
 L   3    R   5   /R   6 =0.917,
 
 L   4    R   7   /R   8 =1.667,
 
 L   5    R   9   /R   10 =0.768, and
 
 L   6    R   11   /R   12 =−3.885.
 
     The aspheric coefficients for the surfaces of the lens components in the lens system  710  in the example embodiment are listed in Table 7B. Configuring lens system  710  according to the arrangement of the power distribution of the lens components, and adjusting the radii of curvature and aspheric coefficient as shown in Tables 7A and 7B, the total track length (TTL), of the lens system  710  may be reduced (e.g., to 5.750 mm as shown in Table 7A). Aberration of the system may effectively be corrected to obtain optical performance of high image quality resolution, for object scene at infinity in a small form factor f/2.0 lens system  710 . 
       FIG. 22  is a cross-sectional illustration of an example embodiment of a compact lens system  810 . The lens system  810  includes a wafer lens group component L 1    801 , comprising a first wafer lens component  820  and a second wafer lens component  830  each with refractive power, and five additional lens components  802 - 806  with refractive power. The parts of the lens system  810  are arranged along an optical axis AX of the lens system from an object side to an image side (from left to right in the drawing) as follows:
         a first wafer lens group component L 1    801  with positive refractive power having a convex object side surface and focal length f 1 ,   an aperture stop AS  814  located between the first wafer lens component  820  and the second wafer lens component  830 ,   a second lens component L 2    802  with negative refractive power and focal length f 2 ,   a third lens component L 3    803  with positive refractive power having a convex object side surface and focal length f 3 ,   a fourth lens component L 4    804  with positive refractive power having a convex image side surface and focal length f 4 ,   a fifth lens component L 5    805  with positive refractive power and focal length f 5 , and   a sixth lens component L 6    806  with negative refractive power.       

     The lens system  810  forms an image at the surface of a photosensor  818 . In some embodiments, an infrared (IR) filter  816  may be located between the sixth lens component L 6    806  and the photosensor  818 . Each of the two wafer lens components  820 ,  830  comprises a planar substrate  822 ,  832  with a UV curable layer laminate  824 ,  834  of polymeric or plastic materials formed on one of the planar surfaces of the substrate, which may be a planar glass substrate. 
     The wafer lens group component  801  may be equipped with electrochromic layer  814  located between the planar image side surface of the substrate  822  of the first wafer lens component  820  and the planar object side surface of the substrate of the second wafer lens component  830 . The electrochromic layer  814  comprises a transparent layer of conductive organic polymer or inorganic material having variable light transmittance in response to an applied electrical voltage. The lens system  810  may also be equipped and used with a standard iris type aperture stop (not shown). 
     Tables 8A and 8B provide example values of various optical and physical parameters of an example embodiment of a lens system  810  as illustrated in  FIG. 22 . The lens system  810  may be equipped with an electrochromic layer for dynamically varying the light transmittance of the lens in response to an applied electrical voltage. 
     Tables 8A and 8B may be referred to as providing an optical prescription for a lens system  810 . The optical prescription in Tables 8A and 8B is for lens system  810  with an effective focal length f of 4.10 mm at 555 nm wavelength, a focal ratio of f/2.0, with 74 degrees FOV, TTL of 5.799 mm, and with TTL/f equal to 1.4140. Lens system  810  is a compact imaging system designed for visible spectrum covering 470 nm to 650 nm. 
     The wafer lens group component L 1    801  may be composed of two wafer lens components  820 ,  830  having planar substrates  822 ,  832  and layer laminates  824 ,  834  of polymeric or plastic materials (with refractive indices and Abbe numbers listed in Table 8A) formed using known manufacturing methods such as casting, molding, or microlithographic process on the planar substrate. The remaining five lens components L 2 , L 3 , L 4 , L 5 , and L 6    802 - 806  of the lens system  810  may be composed of plastic materials with refractive indices and Abbe numbers as listed in Table 8A. Referring to the lens system  810  as specified in Table 8A, the lens component L 3 , L 4 , and L 5    803 - 805  may be composed of a plastic material having an Abbe number of V 1 =55.9. The second lens component L 2    802  may be composed of a plastic material with Abbe number of V 2 =23.9 and the sixth lens component L 6    806  may be composed of a plastic material with Abbe number V 3 =21.5. 
     The lens system  810  as specified in Tables 8A and 8B is configured to correct optical aberrations as described above for the lens system  110  specified by the optical prescription in Tables 1A and 1B. 
       FIG. 23  shows the polychromatic ray aberration curves over the half field of view (HFOV=37 degrees) for an object point on-axis (at 0 degree) to an off-axis field point at 37 degrees, and over the visible band ranging from 470 nm to 650 nm for a compact lens system  810  as illustrated in  FIG. 22  and described in Tables 8A and 8B. 
       FIG. 24  shows the polychromatic curves for the chromatic variations of spherical aberration, astigmatic field curves, and distortion for the lens system  810  as illustrated in  FIG. 22  and described in Tables 8A and 8B. Note that the plots illustrated in  FIGS. 23 and 24  illustrate well-corrected aberrations of the lens system in  FIG. 22 . 
     In the example embodiment of the lens system  810  as described by the optical prescription in Tables 8A and 8B, the refractive powers of the lens components are distributed such that the ratios of the focal lengths of the lens component relative to the system focal length f are as follows:
 
| f   1   /f|= 1.393,
 
| f   2   /f|= 1.221,
 
| f   3   /f|= 0.928,
 
| f   4   /f|= 14.581,
 
| f   5   /f|= 4.050, and
 
| f   6   /f|= 1.440.
 
     The lens components have vertex radii of curvature that satisfy the following relations:
 
 L   1    R   1   /R   2 =−0.245,
 
 L   2    R   3   /R   4 =2.046,
 
 L   3    R   5   /R   6 =0.014,
 
 L   4    R   7   /R   8 =0.943,
 
 L   5    R   9   /R   10 =0.884, and
 
 L   6    R   11   /R   12 =6.117.
 
     The aspheric coefficients for the surfaces of the lens components in lens system  810  in the example embodiment are listed in Table 8B. Configuring lens system  810  according to the arrangement of the power distribution of the lens components, and adjusting the radii of curvature and aspheric coefficient as shown in Tables 8A and 8B, the total track length (TTL), of the lens system  810  may be reduced (e.g., to 5.799 mm as shown in Table 8A). Aberration of the system may effectively be corrected to obtain optical performance of high image quality resolution, for object scene at infinity in a small form factor f/2.0 lens system  810 . 
       FIG. 25  is a cross-sectional illustration of an example embodiment of a compact lens system  910 . The lens system  910  includes a wafer lens group component L 1    901 , comprising first wafer lens component  920  and second wafer lens component  930  each with refractive power, and five additional lens components  902 - 906  with refractive power. The parts of the lens system  810  are arranged along an optical axis AX of the lens system from an object side to an image side (from left to right in the drawing) as follows:
         a first wafer lens group component L 1    901  with positive refractive power having a convex object side surface and focal length f 1 ,   an aperture stop AS  914  located between a first wafer lens component  920  and a second wafer lens component  930 ,   a second lens component L 2    902  with negative refractive power and focal length f 2 ,   a third lens component L 3    903  with positive refractive power having a convex object side surface and focal length f 3 ,   a fourth lens component L 4    904  with positive refractive power having a convex image side surface and focal length f 4 ,   a fifth lens component L 5    905  with positive refractive power and focal length f 5 , and   a sixth lens component L 6    906  with negative refractive power.       

     The lens system  910  forms an image at the surface of a photosensor  918 . In some embodiments, an infrared (IR) filter  916  may be located between the sixth lens component L 6    906  and the photosensor  918 . Each of the two wafer lens components  920 ,  930  comprises a planar substrate  922 ,  932  with a UV curable layer laminate  924 ,  934  of polymeric or plastic materials formed on one of the planar surfaces of the substrate, which may be a planar glass substrate. 
     The wafer lens group component  901  may be equipped with electrochromic layer  914  located between the planar image side surface of the substrate  922  of the first wafer lens component  920  and the planar object side surface of the substrate of the second wafer lens component  930 . The electrochromic layer  914  comprises a transparent layer of conductive organic polymer or inorganic material having variable light transmittance in response to an applied electrical voltage. The lens system  910  may also be equipped and used with a standard iris type aperture stop (not shown). 
     Tables 9A and 9B provide example values of various optical and physical parameters of an example embodiment of a lens system  910  as illustrated in  FIG. 25 . The lens system  910  may be equipped with electrochromic layer for dynamically varying the light transmittance of the lens in response to an applied electrical voltage. 
     Tables 9A and 9B may be referred to as providing an optical prescription for a lens system  910 . The optical prescription in Tables 9A and 9B is for lens system  910  with an effective focal length f of 4.10 mm at 555 nm wavelength, a focal ratio of f/2.0, with 74 degrees FOV, TTL of 5.799 mm, and with TTL/f equal to 1.4140. Lens system  810  is a compact imaging system designed for visible spectrum covering 470 nm to 650 nm. 
     The wafer lens group component L 1    901  may be composed of two wafer lens components  920 ,  930  having planar substrates  922 ,  932  and layer laminates  924 ,  934  of polymeric or plastic materials (with refractive indices and Abbe numbers listed in Table 9A) formed using known manufacturing methods such as casting, molding, or microlithographic process on the planar substrate. The remaining five lens components L 2 , L 3 , L 4 , L 5 , and L 6    902 - 906  of the lens system  910  may be composed of plastic materials with refractive indices and Abbe numbers as listed in Table 9A. Referring to the lens system  910  as specified in Table 9A, the lens component L 3 , L 4 , and L 5    903 - 905  may be composed of a plastic material having an Abbe number of V 1 =55.9. The second lens component L 2    902  may be composed of a plastic material with Abbe number of V 2 =23.9 and the sixth lens component L 6    906  may be composed of a plastic material with Abbe number V 3 =21.5. 
     The lens system  910  as specified in Tables 9A and 9B is configured to correct optical aberrations as described above for the lens system  110  specified by the optical prescription in Tables 1A and 1B. 
       FIG. 26  shows the polychromatic ray aberration curves over the half field of view (HFOV=37 degrees) for an object point on-axis (at 0 degree) to an off-axis field point at 37 degrees, and over the visible band ranging from 470 nm to 650 nm for a compact lens system  910  as illustrated in  FIG. 25  and described in Tables 9A and 9B. 
       FIG. 27  shows the polychromatic curves for the chromatic variations of spherical aberration, astigmatic field curves, and distortion for the lens system  910  as illustrated in  FIG. 25  and described in Tables 9A and 9B. Note that the plots illustrated in  FIGS. 26 and 27  illustrate well-corrected aberrations of the lens system in  FIG. 25 . 
     In the example embodiment of the lens system  910  as described by the optical prescription in Tables 9A and 9B, the refractive powers of the lens components are distributed such that the ratios of the focal lengths of the lens component relative to the system focal length f are as follows:
 
| f   1   /f|= 1.393,
 
| f   2   /f|= 1.217,
 
| f   3   /f|= 0.946,
 
| f   4   /f|= 10.971,
 
| f   5   /f|= 3.982, and
 
| f   6   /f|= 1.437.
 
     The lens components have vertex radii of curvature that satisfy the following relations:
 
 L   1    R   1   /R   2 =−0.245,
 
 L   2    R   3   /R   4 =2.047,
 
 L   3    R   5   /R   6 =0.085,
 
 L   4    R   7   /R   8 =0.957,
 
 L   5    R   9   /R   10 =0.870, and
 
 L   6    R   11   /R   12 =4.904.
 
     The aspheric coefficients for the surfaces of the lens components in lens system  910  in the example embodiment are listed in Table 9B. Configuring lens system  910  according to the arrangement of the power distribution of the lens components, and adjusting the radii of curvature and aspheric coefficient as shown in Tables 9A and 9B, the total track length (TTL), of the lens system  910  may be reduced (e.g., to 5.799 mm as shown in Table 9A). Aberration of the system may effectively be corrected to obtain optical performance of high image quality resolution, for object scene at infinity in a small form factor f/2.0 lens system  910 . 
       FIG. 28  is a cross-sectional illustration of an example embodiment of a low F-number (f/2.20) lens system  1010 . The lens system  1010  includes a wafer lens component L 1    1001  and five additional lens components  1002 - 1006  with refractive power. The parts of the lens system  1010  are arranged along an optical axis AX of the lens system from an object side to an image side (from left to right in the drawing) as follows:
         a first wafer lens component L 1    1001  with positive refractive power having a convex object side surface and focal length f 1 ,   an aperture stop AS  1014  applied to the image side plano surface of the substrate  1022  of the first wafer lens component  1001 ,   a second lens component L 2    1002  with positive refractive power and focal length f 2 ,   a third lens component L 3    1003  with negative refractive power and focal length f 3 ,   a fourth lens component L 4    1004  with positive refractive power having a convex image side surface and focal length f 4 ,   a fifth lens component L 5    1005  with positive refractive power and focal length f 5 , and   a sixth lens component L 6    1006  with negative refractive power.       

     The lens system  1010  forms an image at the surface of a photosensor  1018 . In some embodiments, an infrared (IR) filter  1016  may be located between the sixth lens component L 6    1006  and the photosensor  1018 . 
     An aperture stop (AS)  1014  is applied to the image side plano surface of the planar substrate  1022 . The aperture stop  1014  may be a fixed aperture stop in the form of a material applied to the planar substrate  1022  to provide a transparent opening, such as a circular opening, centered on the optical axis. In another embodiment, a thin film layer  1014  of conductive organic or inorganic material may be deposited on the planar substrate  1022 , on the circular area inscribed by the circular opening, to provide an aperture stop in the form of an electrochromic lens component having variable light transmittance in response to an applied electrical voltage. The electrochromic lens component  1014  may provide a central transparent opening that can be adjusted by an applied voltage that provides a variable intensity profile distribution across the aperture opening for the light energy transmitted through the optical system. The central transparent opening may be adjustable in size and/or a light intensity profile distribution provided across the aperture stop diameter for the light transmitted through the optical system. 
     Tables 10A and 10B provide example values of various optical and physical parameters of an example embodiment of the lens system  1010  as illustrated in  FIG. 28 . The lens system  1010  may be equipped with an electrochromic layer for dynamically varying the light transmittance of the lens in response to an applied electrical voltage. 
     Tables 10A and 10B may be referred to as providing an optical prescription for a lens system  1010 . The optical prescription in Tables 10A and 10B is for lens system  1010  with an effective focal length f of 4.10 mm at 555 nm wavelength, a focal ratio of f/2.2, with 74.0 degrees FOV, TTL of 5.500 mm, and with TTL/f equal to 1.3415. Lens system  1010  is a compact imaging system designed for visible spectrum covering 1070 nm to 650 nm. 
     The wafer lens component L 1    1001  may be composed of a planar substrate  1022  and a layer laminate  1024  of UV curable polymeric or plastic materials (with refractive indices and Abbe numbers listed in Table 10A) formed using known manufacturing methods such as casting, molding, or microlithographic process on the planar substrate. The remaining five lens components L 2 , L 3 , L 4 , L 5 , and L 6    1002 - 1006  of the lens system  1010  may be composed of plastic materials with refractive indices and Abbe numbers as listed in Table 10A. 
     The lens system  1010  as specified in Tables 10A and 10B is configured to correct optical aberrations as described above for the lens system  110  specified by the optical prescription in Tables 1A and 1B. 
       FIG. 29  shows the polychromatic ray aberration curves over the half field of view (HFOV=37.0 degrees) for an object point on-axis (at 0 degree) to an off-axis field point at 37.0 degrees, and over the visible band ranging from 1070 nm to 650 nm for a compact lens system  1010  as illustrated in  FIG. 28  and described in Tables 10A and 10B. 
       FIG. 29  shows the polychromatic curves for the chromatic variations of spherical aberration, astigmatic field curves, and distortion for the lens system  1010  as illustrated in  FIG. 28  and described in Tables 10A and 10B. Note that the plots illustrated in  FIGS. 29 and 30  illustrate corrected aberrations of the lens system in  FIG. 28 . 
     In the example embodiment of the lens system  1010  as described by the optical prescription in Tables 10A and 10B, the refractive powers of the lens components are distributed such that the ratios of the focal lengths of the lens component relative to the system focal length f are as follows:
 
| f   1   /f|= 2.120,
 
| f   2   /f|= 1.693,
 
| f   3   /f|= 1.358,
 
| f   4   /f|= 1.578,
 
| f   5   /f|= 25.632, and
 
| f   6   /f|= 1.849.
 
     The lens components have vertex radii of curvature that satisfy the following relations:
 
 L   2    R   3   /R   4 =−1.650,
 
 L   3    R   5   /R   6 =1.865,
 
 L   4    R   7   /R   8 =−0.584,
 
 L   5    R   9   /R   10 =1.005, and
 
 L   6    R   11   /R   12 =1.794.
 
     The aspheric coefficients for the surfaces of the lens components in lens system  1010  in the example embodiment are listed in Table 10B. Configuring lens system  1010  according to the arrangement of the power distribution of the lens components, and adjusting the radii of curvature and aspheric coefficient as shown in Tables 10A and 10B, the total track length (TTL), of the lens system  1010  may be reduced (e.g., to 5.500 mm as shown in Table 10A). Aberration of the system may effectively be corrected to obtain optical performance of high image quality resolution, for object scene at infinity in a small form factor f/2.20 lens system  1010 . 
       FIG. 31  is a cross-sectional illustration of an example embodiment of a low F-number (f/2.00) lens system  1110 . The lens system  1110  includes a wafer lens component L 1    1101  and five additional lens components  1102 - 1106  with refractive power. The parts of the lens system  1110  are arranged along an optical axis AX of the lens system from an object side to an image side (from left to right in the drawing) as follows:
         a first wafer lens component L 1    1101  with positive refractive power having a convex object side surface and focal length f 1 ,   an aperture stop AS  1114  applied to the image side plano surface of the substrate  1122  of the first wafer lens component  1101 ,   a second lens component L 2    1102  with positive refractive power and focal length f 2 ,   a third lens component L 3    1103  with negative refractive power and focal length f 3 ,   a fourth lens component L 4    1104  with positive refractive power having a convex image side surface and focal length f 4 ,   a fifth lens component L 5    1105  with positive refractive power and focal length f 5 , and   a sixth lens component L 6    1106  with negative refractive power.       

     The lens system  1110  forms an image at the surface of a photosensor  1118 . In some embodiments, an infrared (IR) filter  1116  may be located between the sixth lens component L 6    1106  and the photosensor  1118 . 
     An aperture stop (AS)  1114  is applied to the image side plano surface of the planar substrate  1122 . The aperture stop  1114  may be a fixed aperture stop in the form of a material applied to the planar substrate  1122  to provide a transparent opening, such as a circular opening, centered on the optical axis. In another embodiment, a thin film layer  1114  of conductive organic or inorganic material may be deposited on the planar substrate  1122 , on the circular area inscribed by the circular opening, to provide an aperture stop in the form of an electrochromic lens component having variable light transmittance in response to an applied electrical voltage. The electrochromic lens component  1114  may provide a central transparent opening that can be adjusted by an applied voltage that provides a variable intensity profile distribution across the aperture opening for the light energy transmitted through the optical system. The central transparent opening may be adjustable in size and/or a light intensity profile distribution provided across the aperture stop diameter for the light transmitted through the optical system. 
     Tables 11A and 11B provide example values of various optical and physical parameters of an example embodiment of the lens system  1110  as illustrated in  FIG. 31 . The lens system  1110  may be equipped with an electrochromic layer for dynamically varying the light transmittance of the lens in response to an applied electrical voltage. 
     Tables 11A and 11B may be referred to as providing an optical prescription for a lens system  1110 . The optical prescription in Tables 11A and 11B is for lens system  1110  with an effective focal length f of 4.10 mm at 555 nm wavelength, a focal ratio of f/2.00, with 74.0 degrees FOV, TTL of 5.500 mm, and with TTL/f equal to 1.3415. Lens system  1110  is a compact imaging system designed for visible spectrum covering 1170 nm to 650 nm. 
     The wafer lens component L 1    1101  may be composed of a planar substrate  1122  and a layer laminate  1124  of UV curable polymeric or plastic materials (with refractive indices and Abbe numbers listed in Table 11A) formed using known manufacturing methods such as casting, molding, or microlithographic process on the planar substrate. The remaining five lens components L 2 , L 3 , L 4 , L 5 , and L 6    1102 - 1106  of the lens system  1110  may be composed of plastic materials with refractive indices and Abbe numbers as listed in Table 11A. 
     The lens system  1110  as specified in Tables 11A and 11B is configured to correct optical aberrations as described above for the lens system  110  specified by the optical prescription in Tables 1A and 1B. 
       FIG. 32  shows the polychromatic ray aberration curves over the half field of view (HFOV=37.0 degrees) for an object point on-axis (at 0 degree) to an off-axis field point at 37.0 degrees, and over the visible band ranging from 1170 nm to 650 nm for a compact lens system  1110  as illustrated in  FIG. 31  and described in Tables 11A and 11B. 
       FIG. 33  shows the polychromatic curves for the chromatic variations of spherical aberration, astigmatic field curves, and distortion for the lens system  1110  as illustrated in  FIG. 31  and described in Tables 11A and 11B. Note that the plots illustrated in  FIGS. 32 and 33  illustrate corrected aberrations of the lens system in  FIG. 31 . 
     In the example embodiment of the lens system  1110  as described by the optical prescription in Tables 11A and 11B, the refractive powers of the lens components are distributed such that the ratios of the focal lengths of the lens component relative to the system focal length f are as follows:
 
| f   1   /f|= 2.161,
 
| f   2   /f|= 1.627,
 
| f   3   /f|= 1.483,
 
| f   4   /f|= 2.285,
 
| f   5   /f|= 2.229, and
 
| f   6   /f|= 1.090.
 
     The lens components have vertex radii of curvature that satisfy the following relations:
 
 L   2    R   3   /R   4 =−1.492,
 
 L   3    R   5   /R   6 =2.091,
 
 L   4    R   7   /R   8 =−0.184,
 
 L   5    R   9   /R   10 =0.605, and
 
 L   6    R   11   /R   12 =2.611.
 
     The aspheric coefficients for the surfaces of the lens components in lens system  1110  in the example embodiment are listed in Table 11B. Configuring lens system  1110  according to the arrangement of the power distribution of the lens components, and adjusting the radii of curvature and aspheric coefficient as shown in Tables 11A and 11B, the total track length (TTL), of the lens system  1110  may be reduced (e.g., to 5.500 mm as shown in Table 11A). Aberration of the system may effectively be corrected to obtain optical performance of high image quality resolution, for object scene at infinity in a small form factor f/2.00 lens system  1110 . 
     The following Tables provide lens prescriptions for the exemplary embodiments of the lens systems as described herein and illustrated in  FIGS. 1 through 33 . For example, Tables 1A and 1B correspond to the example embodiment of the lens system  110  with six lens components as illustrated in  FIG. 1 . 
     In the Tables, all dimensions are in millimeters unless otherwise specified. A positive radius indicates that the center of curvature is to the image side of the surface. A negative radius indicates that the center of curvature is to the object side of the surface. “INF” stands for infinity (as used in optics). “ASP” indicates an aspheric surface, and “FLT” indicates a flat surface. The thickness (or separation) is the axial distance from the intersection of a surface with the optical axis to the intersection of the next surface with the optical axis. The design wavelengths represent wavelengths in the spectral band of the imaging system. 
     For materials of the lens elements, window, wafer substrate, and IR filter, a refractive index N d  at the helium d-line wavelength is provided, as well as an Abbe number V d  relative to the d-line and the C- and F-lines of hydrogen. The Abbe number, V d , may be defined by the equation:
 
 V   d =( N   d −1)/( N   F   −N   C ),
         where N F  and N C  are refractive index values of the material at the F and C lines of hydrogen, respectively.       

     Referring to the Tables of aspheric constants (Tables 1B, 2B, 3B, 4B, 5B, 6B, 7B, 8B, and 9B), the aspheric equation describing an aspherical surface may be given by: 
     
       
         
           
             Z 
             = 
             
               
                 
                   cr 
                   2 
                 
                 
                   1 
                   + 
                   
                     
                       1 
                       - 
                       
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             1 
                             + 
                             K 
                           
                           ) 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           c 
                           2 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           r 
                           2 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               + 
               
                 Ar 
                 4 
               
               + 
               
                 Br 
                 6 
               
               + 
               
                 Cr 
                 8 
               
               + 
               
                 Dr 
                 10 
               
               + 
               
                 Er 
                 12 
               
               + 
               
                 Fr 
                 14 
               
             
           
         
       
         
         
           
             where Z is the sag of the surface parallel to the Z-axis (for all embodiments the Z-axis coincides with the optical axis); 
             c is the curvature of the surface (the reciprocal of the radius of curvature of the surface); 
             K is the conic constant; and 
             A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H are the aspheric coefficients. 
             In the Tables “E” denotes exponential notation (powers of 10). 
           
         
       
    
     Note that the values given in the following Tables for the various parameters in the various embodiments of the lens system are given by way of example and are not intended to be limiting. For example, one or more of the parameters for one or more of the surfaces of one or more of the lens elements in the example embodiments, as well as parameters for the materials of which the elements are composed, may be given different values while still providing similar performance for the lens system. In particular, note that some of the values in the Tables may be scaled up or down for larger or smaller implementations of a camera using an embodiment of a lens system as described herein. 
     Further note that the surface numbers (S i ) of the elements in the various embodiments of the lens system as shown in the Tables are listed from the first surface  0  at the object plane to the last surface at the image plane. Since number and location of element may vary in embodiments, the surface number(s) that correspond to some elements may vary in the different Tables. For example, in the first sets of Tables (e.g., Tables 1A, 2A, 3A, 5A, 7A), the aperture stop is surface  2 , and a dummy surface  3 , and the first lens element has surfaces  4  and  5 . However, in Tables 4A, 6A, 8A, and 9A, the location of the aperture stop is different, and thus the surface numbers are different in the Tables. For example, in Tables 4A, and 6A, the aperture stop is surface  5 , while in Tables 8A, and 9A, the aperture stop is surface  6 . In particular, note that where reference is given to the radius of curvature (R i ) of the surfaces of the lens element in this document, the reference (R i ) used (e.g., R 1  and R 2  for the surfaces of the first lens component are the same for all of the embodiments. But these surface numbers may, but do not necessarily, correspond to the surface numbers of the lens components as given in the Tables. 
     While certain exemplary embodiments have been described and shown in the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that such embodiments are merely illustrative of and not restrictive on the broad invention, and that this invention is not limited to the specific constructions and arrangements shown and described, since various other modifications may occur to those of ordinary skill in the art. The description is thus to be regarded as illustrative instead of limiting. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1A 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Optical data for embodiment 1 shown in FIGS. 1-3 
               
               
                 f = 4.10 mm, Fno = 1.80, HFOV = 38.8 deg, TTL = 5.802 mm 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 S i   
                 Component 
                 R i   
                 Shape 
                 D i   
                 Material 
                 N d   
                 V d   
                 f l   
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 0 
                 Object plane 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 INF 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 1 
                   
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.1000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 2 
                 Aperture Stop 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 −0.1000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 3 
                   
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.0000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 4 
                 L 1   
                 3.478 
                 ASP 
                 0.8415 
                 Plastic 
                 1.535 
                 56.3 
                 3.72 
               
               
                 5 
                   
                 −4.306 
                 ASP 
                 0.1000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 6 
                 L 2   
                 4.988 
                 ASP 
                 0.3000 
                 Plastic 
                 1.642 
                 22.4 
                 −5.86 
               
               
                 7 
                   
                 2.104 
                 ASP 
                 0.4351 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 8 
                 L 3   
                 7.382 
                 ASP 
                 0.5546 
                 Plastic 
                 1.545 
                 55.9 
                 9.77 
               
               
                 9 
                   
                 −18.849 
                 ASP 
                 0.2000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 10 
                 L 4   
                 −1.808 
                 ASP 
                 0.6199 
                 Plastic 
                 1.545 
                 55.9 
                 24.44 
               
               
                 11 
                   
                 −1.785 
                 ASP 
                 0.1000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 12 
                 L 5   
                 1.977 
                 ASP 
                 0.7213 
                 Plastic 
                 1.545 
                 55.9 
                 11.34 
               
               
                 13 
                   
                 2.529 
                 ASP 
                 0.5800 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 14 
                 L 6   
                 341.527 
                 ASP 
                 0.4500 
                 Plastic 
                 1.642 
                 22.4 
                 −4.84 
               
               
                 15 
                   
                 3.102 
                 ASP 
                 0.2061 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 16 
                 IR filter 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.2000 
                 Glass 
                 1.516 
                 64.1 
                   
               
               
                 17 
                   
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.4939 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 18 
                 Image plane 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 S i : surface i 
               
               
                 R i : radius of surface i 
               
               
                 D i : distance between surface i and surface i + 1 along optical axis 
               
               
                 N d : index of refraction for material relative to d-line 
               
               
                 V d : Abbe number for material relative to d-line 
               
               
                 f l : focal length of lens component 
               
               
                 Design wavelengths: 650 nm, 610 nm, 555 nm, 510 nm, 470 nm 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1B 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Aspheric coefficients for embodiment 1 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 S i   
                 c 
                 K 
                 A 
                 B 
                 C 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4 
                 0.28750410 
                 0 
                 −1.22660E−02 
                 −1.80348E−02 
                 8.08814E−03 
               
               
                 5 
                 −0.23224629 
                 0 
                  4.28982E−03 
                 −2.40772E−02 
                 1.11635E−03 
               
               
                 6 
                 0.20046644 
                 0 
                 −8.50145E−02 
                  9.78919E−02 
                 −9.90679E−02  
               
               
                 7 
                 0.47535388 
                 0 
                 −1.39210E−01 
                  1.37842E−01 
                 −1.12006E−01  
               
               
                 8 
                 0.13546629 
                 0 
                 −8.18461E−02 
                  4.04755E−03 
                 1.22742E−02 
               
               
                 9 
                 −0.05305431 
                 0 
                 −3.23811E−03 
                 −4.31370E−02 
                 −3.77823E−03  
               
               
                 10 
                 −0.55324600 
                 0 
                  2.37318E−01 
                 −1.80644E−01 
                 1.02618E−01 
               
               
                 11 
                 −0.56017071 
                 0 
                  5.80029E−02 
                 −1.93666E−02 
                 1.93259E−02 
               
               
                 12 
                 0.50575673 
                 0 
                 −1.05377E−01 
                  1.23054E−02 
                 −9.55660E−04  
               
               
                 13 
                 0.39535762 
                 0 
                 −2.31359E−02 
                 −1.18798E−02 
                 2.60935E−03 
               
               
                 14 
                 0.00292803 
                 0 
                 −1.34742E−02 
                 −8.07593E−03 
                 3.73454E−03 
               
               
                 15 
                 0.32234908 
                 0 
                 −5.40835E−02 
                  3.85873E−03 
                 −9.11372E−05  
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 S i   
                 D 
                 E 
                 F 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 4 
                 −6.44199E−03 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 5 
                 −2.73123E−04 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 6 
                  4.40673E−02 
                 −6.92648E−03 
                 1.21333E−04 
               
               
                   
                 7 
                  4.57428E−02 
                 −7.89421E−03 
                 3.54635E−04 
               
               
                   
                 8 
                  4.18908E−04 
                 −7.97154E−04 
                   
               
               
                   
                 9 
                  2.55378E−02 
                 −9.41971E−03 
                 9.45106E−04 
               
               
                   
                 10 
                 −2.72490E−02 
                  3.17547E−03 
                 −3.16218E−05  
               
               
                   
                 11 
                 −3.46939E−03 
                 −1.39817E−03 
                 5.70189E−04 
               
               
                   
                 12 
                 −3.51103E−03 
                  1.48264E−03 
                 −2.16652E−04  
               
               
                   
                 13 
                 −2.32234E−04 
                 −9.11350E−06 
                   
               
               
                   
                 14 
                 −6.33816E−04 
                  3.80461E−05 
                   
               
               
                   
                 15 
                  1.46169E−05 
                 −2.49181E−06 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2A 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Optical data for embodiment 2 shown in FIGS. 4-6 
               
               
                 f = 4.10 mm, Fno = 1.75, HFOV = 38.8 deg, TTL = 5.801 mm 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 S i   
                 Component 
                 R i   
                 Shape 
                 D i   
                 Material 
                 N d   
                 V d   
                 f l   
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 0 
                 Object plane 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 INF 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 1 
                   
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.1000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 2 
                 Aperture Stop 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 −0.1000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 3 
                   
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.0000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 4 
                 L 1   
                 3.438 
                 ASP 
                 0.8418 
                 Plastic 
                 1.545 
                 55.9 
                 3.83 
               
               
                 5 
                   
                 −4.907 
                 ASP 
                 0.1000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 6 
                 L 2   
                 4.537 
                 ASP 
                 0.3000 
                 Plastic 
                 1.642 
                 22.4 
                 −5.87 
               
               
                 7 
                   
                 2.015 
                 ASP 
                 0.4246 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 8 
                 L 3   
                 5.775 
                 ASP 
                 0.5758 
                 Plastic 
                 1.545 
                 55.9 
                 9.27 
               
               
                 9 
                   
                 −39.746 
                 ASP 
                 0.2000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 10 
                 L 4   
                 −1.817 
                 ASP 
                 0.6089 
                 Plastic 
                 1.545 
                 55.9 
                 25.46 
               
               
                 11 
                   
                 −1.797 
                 ASP 
                 0.1000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 12 
                 L 5   
                 1.993 
                 ASP 
                 0.7202 
                 Plastic 
                 1.545 
                 55.9 
                 11.04 
               
               
                 13 
                   
                 2.595 
                 ASP 
                 0.5800 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 14 
                 L 6   
                 69.926 
                 ASP 
                 0.4500 
                 Plastic 
                 1.642 
                 22.4 
                 −4.97 
               
               
                 15 
                   
                 3.066 
                 ASP 
                 0.2072 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 16 
                 IR filter 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.2000 
                 Glass 
                 1.516 
                 64.1 
                   
               
               
                 17 
                   
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.4928 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 18 
                 Image plane 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 S i : surface i 
               
               
                 R i : radius of surface i 
               
               
                 D i : distance between surface i and surface i + 1 along optical axis 
               
               
                 N d : index of refraction for material relative to d-line 
               
               
                 V d : Abbe number for material relative to d-line 
               
               
                 f l : focal length of lens component 
               
               
                 Design wavelengths: 650 nm, 610 nm, 555 nm, 510 nm, 470 nm 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2B 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Aspheric coefficients for embodiment 2 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 S i   
                 c 
                 K 
                 A 
                 B 
                 C 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4 
                 0.29089657 
                 0 
                 −1.15067E−02 
                 −1.34184E−02 
                 4.86021E−03 
               
               
                 5 
                 −0.20380403 
                 0 
                  1.09377E−02 
                 −2.73701E−02 
                 2.28406E−03 
               
               
                 6 
                 0.22040692 
                 0 
                 −7.37741E−02 
                  9.37532E−02 
                 −1.05396E−01  
               
               
                 7 
                 0.49632890 
                 0 
                 −1.34247E−01 
                  1.39273E−01 
                 −1.20138E−01  
               
               
                 8 
                 0.17315303 
                 0 
                 −7.97668E−02 
                  1.19479E−02 
                 3.80387E−03 
               
               
                 9 
                 −0.02515947 
                 0 
                 −9.13996E−03 
                 −3.69218E−02 
                 −2.39618E−03  
               
               
                 10 
                 −0.55039144 
                 0 
                  2.23858E−01 
                 −1.67729E−01 
                 1.01546E−01 
               
               
                 11 
                 −0.55634823 
                 0 
                  5.87339E−02 
                 −1.91706E−02 
                 2.06234E−02 
               
               
                 12 
                 0.50179782 
                 0 
                 −9.74163E−02 
                  1.21856E−02 
                 −1.76657E−03  
               
               
                 13 
                 0.38530949 
                 0 
                 −1.63365E−02 
                 −1.31735E−02 
                 2.60935E−03 
               
               
                 14 
                 0.01430073 
                 0 
                 −1.90327E−02 
                 −8.09167E−03 
                 3.97263E−03 
               
               
                 15 
                 0.32614741 
                 0 
                 −5.81269E−02 
                  4.43093E−03 
                 −2.35110E−04  
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 S i   
                 D 
                 E 
                 F 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 4 
                 −4.37215E−03 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 5 
                  1.81393E−05 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 6 
                  5.13700E−04 
                 −9.45393E−03 
                 4.93946E−04 
               
               
                   
                 7 
                  5.14475E−02 
                 −9.92644E−03 
                 6.51872E−04 
               
               
                   
                 8 
                  2.50503E−03 
                 −8.80993E−04 
                   
               
               
                   
                 9 
                  2.09979E−02 
                 −7.54139E−03 
                 7.22142E−04 
               
               
                   
                 10 
                 −2.93636E−02 
                  3.85890E−03 
                 −9.28392E−05  
               
               
                   
                 11 
                 −3.85223E−03 
                 −1.44144E−03 
                 5.65440E−04 
               
               
                   
                 12 
                 −3.07175E−03 
                  1.34454E−03 
                 −1.95675E−04  
               
               
                   
                 13 
                 −1.84749E−04 
                 −1.21334E−05 
                   
               
               
                   
                 14 
                 −6.39122E−04 
                  3.59974E−05 
                   
               
               
                   
                 15 
                  4.49751E−05 
                 −4.47194E−06 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3A 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Optical data for embodiment 3 shown in FIGS. 7-9 
               
               
                 f = 4.10 mm, Fno = 1.80, HFOV = 38.8 deg, TTL = 5.8 mm 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 S i   
                 Component 
                 R i   
                 Shape 
                 D i   
                 Material 
                 N d   
                 V d   
                 f l   
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 0 
                 Object plane 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 INF 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 1 
                   
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.1450 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 2 
                 Aperture Stop 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 −0.1450 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 3 
                   
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.0000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 4 
                 L 1  wafer lens 
                 3.264 
                 ASP 
                 0.2655 
                 Polymer 
                 1.514 
                 54.6 
                 4.22 
               
               
                 5 
                 L 1  substrate 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.2100 
                 Glass 
                 1.459 
                 67.9 
                   
               
               
                 6 
                 L 1  wafer lens 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.2961 
                 Polymer 
                 1.514 
                 54.6 
                   
               
               
                 7 
                   
                 −5.997 
                 ASP 
                 0.1000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 8 
                 L 2   
                 4.123 
                 ASP 
                 0.3000 
                 Plastic 
                 1.642 
                 22.4 
                 −6.41 
               
               
                 9 
                   
                 2.009 
                 ASP 
                 0.4160 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 10 
                 L 3   
                 7.034 
                 ASP 
                 0.7531 
                 Plastic 
                 1.545 
                 55.9 
                 8.10 
               
               
                 11 
                   
                 −11.508 
                 ASP 
                 0.2000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 12 
                 L 4   
                 −1.819 
                 ASP 
                 0.5294 
                 Plastic 
                 1.545 
                 55.9 
                 26.40 
               
               
                 13 
                   
                 −1.782 
                 ASP 
                 0.1000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 14 
                 L 5   
                 1.908 
                 ASP 
                 0.7100 
                 Plastic 
                 1.545 
                 55.9 
                 10.56 
               
               
                 15 
                   
                 2.474 
                 ASP 
                 0.6200 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 16 
                 L 6   
                 −143.732 
                 ASP 
                 0.4000 
                 Plastic 
                 1.642 
                 22.4 
                 −4.56 
               
               
                 17 
                   
                 3.014 
                 ASP 
                 0.1617 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 18 
                 IR filter 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.2000 
                 Glass 
                 1.516 
                 64.1 
                   
               
               
                 19 
                   
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.5383 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 20 
                 Image plane 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 S i : surface i 
               
               
                 R i : radius of surface i 
               
               
                 D i : distance between surface i and surface i + 1 along optical axis 
               
               
                 N d : index of refraction for material relative to d-line 
               
               
                 V d : Abbe number for material relative to d-line 
               
               
                 f l : focal length of lens component 
               
               
                 Design wavelengths: 650 nm, 610 nm, 555 nm, 510 nm, 470 nm 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3B 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Aspheric coefficients for embodiment 3 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 S i   
                 c 
                 K 
                 A 
                 B 
                 C 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4 
                 0.30636552 
                 0 
                 −5.49659E−04 
                 −1.94135E−02 
                  1.46062E−02 
               
               
                 7 
                 −0.16674053 
                 0 
                  4.44902E−03 
                 −4.58763E−03 
                 −1.71930E−02 
               
               
                 8 
                 0.24256094 
                 0 
                 −1.11588E−01 
                  1.21961E−01 
                 −1.28328E−01 
               
               
                 9 
                 0.49771381 
                 0 
                 −1.58419E−01 
                  1.52120E−01 
                 −1.41908E−01 
               
               
                 10 
                 0.14216545 
                 0 
                 −6.45028E−02 
                  1.19684E−02 
                  2.51976E−03 
               
               
                 11 
                 −0.08689695 
                 0 
                 −6.58575E−04 
                 −4.36637E−02 
                 −9.87431E−03 
               
               
                 12 
                 −0.54974671 
                 0 
                  2.39432E−01 
                 −1.97502E−01 
                  1.12117E−01 
               
               
                 13 
                 −0.56129680 
                 0 
                  6.03550E−02 
                 −2.08599E−02 
                  2.47274E−02 
               
               
                 14 
                 0.52416039 
                 0 
                 −1.19833E−01 
                  1.91819E−02 
                 −3.09786E−03 
               
               
                 15 
                 0.40414921 
                 0 
                 −2.45426E−02 
                 −1.31263E−02 
                  2.60935E−03 
               
               
                 16 
                 −0.00695738 
                 0 
                 −3.03299E−02 
                 −4.85877E−03 
                  3.83284E−03 
               
               
                 17 
                 0.33179200 
                 0 
                 −7.00772E−02 
                  8.42318E−03 
                 −1.05602E−03 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 S i   
                 D 
                 E 
                 F 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                  4 
                 −8.40756E−03 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                  7 
                  4.12375E−03 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                  8 
                  5.08025E−02 
                 −5.83535E−03 
                 −1.15956E−04  
               
               
                   
                  9 
                  6.71637E−02 
                 −1.60902E−02 
                 1.68568E−03 
               
               
                   
                 10 
                 −3.87681E−03 
                  1.03184E−03 
                   
               
               
                   
                 11 
                  2.44840E−02 
                 −8.92772E−03 
                 9.75016E−04 
               
               
                   
                 12 
                 −2.84359E−02 
                  2.74025E−03 
                 5.99208E−05 
               
               
                   
                 13 
                 −5.27760E−03 
                 −9.41927E−04 
                 4.80805E−04 
               
               
                   
                 14 
                 −4.79025E−03 
                  2.27861E−03 
                 −3.54821E−04  
               
               
                   
                 15 
                 −1.39902E−04 
                 −2.80100E−05 
                   
               
               
                   
                 16 
                 −7.61052E−04 
                  5.05100E−05 
                   
               
               
                   
                 17 
                  1.36618E−04 
                 −8.92466E−06 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 4A 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Optical data for embodiment 4 shown in FIGS. 10-12 
               
               
                 f = 4.10 mm, Fno = 1.80, HFOV = 38.8 deg, TTL = 5.8 mm 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 S i   
                 Component 
                 R i   
                 Shape 
                 D i   
                 Material 
                 N d   
                 V d   
                 f l   
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 0 
                 Object plane 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 INF 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 1 
                   
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.0000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 2 
                   
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.0000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 3 
                   
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.0000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 4 
                 L 1  wafer lens 
                 3.264 
                 ASP 
                 0.2655 
                 Polymer 
                 1.514 
                 54.6 
                 4.22 
               
               
                 5 
                 Aperture stop 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.2100 
                 Glass 
                 1.459 
                 67.9 
                   
               
               
                   
                 L 1  substrate 
                   
                   
                 0.0000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 6 
                 L 1  wafer lens 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.2961 
                 Polymer 
                 1.514 
                 54.6 
                   
               
               
                 7 
                   
                 −5.997 
                 ASP 
                 0.1000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 8 
                 L 2   
                 4.123 
                 ASP 
                 0.3000 
                 Plastic 
                 1.642 
                 22.4 
                 −6.41 
               
               
                 9 
                   
                 2.009 
                 ASP 
                 0.4160 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 10 
                 L 3   
                 7.034 
                 ASP 
                 0.7531 
                 Plastic 
                 1.545 
                 55.9 
                 8.10 
               
               
                 11 
                   
                 −11.508 
                 ASP 
                 0.2000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 12 
                 L 4   
                 −1.819 
                 ASP 
                 0.5294 
                 Plastic 
                 1.545 
                 55.9 
                 26.40 
               
               
                 13 
                   
                 −1.782 
                 ASP 
                 0.1000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 14 
                 L 5   
                 1.908 
                 ASP 
                 0.7100 
                 Plastic 
                 1.545 
                 55.9 
                 10.56 
               
               
                 15 
                   
                 2.474 
                 ASP 
                 0.6200 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 16 
                 L 6   
                 −143.732 
                 ASP 
                 0.4000 
                 Plastic 
                 1.642 
                 22.4 
                 −4.56 
               
               
                 17 
                   
                 3.014 
                 ASP 
                 0.1617 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 18 
                 IR filter 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.2000 
                 Glass 
                 1.516 
                 64.1 
                   
               
               
                 19 
                   
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.5383 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 20 
                 Image plane 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 S i : surface i 
               
               
                 R i : radius of surface i 
               
               
                 D i : distance between surface i and surface i + 1 along optical axis 
               
               
                 N d : index of refraction for material relative to d-line 
               
               
                 V d : Abbe number for material relative to d-line 
               
               
                 f l : focal length of lens component 
               
               
                 Design wavelengths: 650 nm, 610 nm, 555 nm, 510 nm, 470 nm 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 4B 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Aspheric coefficients for embodiment 4 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 S i   
                 c 
                 K 
                 A 
                 B 
                 C 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4 
                 0.30636552 
                 0 
                 −5.49659E−04 
                 −1.94135E−02 
                  1.46062E−02 
               
               
                 7 
                 −0.16674053 
                 0 
                  4.44902E−03 
                 −4.58763E−03 
                 −1.71930E−02 
               
               
                 8 
                 0.24256094 
                 0 
                 −1.11588E−01 
                  1.21961E−01 
                 −1.28328E−01 
               
               
                 9 
                 0.49771381 
                 0 
                 −1.58419E−01 
                  1.52120E−01 
                 −1.41908E−01 
               
               
                 10 
                 0.14216545 
                 0 
                 −6.45028E−02 
                  1.19684E−02 
                  2.51976E−03 
               
               
                 11 
                 −0.08689695 
                 0 
                 −6.58575E−04 
                 −4.36637E−02 
                 −9.87431E−03 
               
               
                 12 
                 −0.54974671 
                 0 
                  2.39432E−01 
                 −1.97502E−01 
                  1.12117E−01 
               
               
                 13 
                 −0.56129680 
                 0 
                  6.03550E−02 
                 −2.08599E−02 
                  2.47274E−02 
               
               
                 14 
                 0.52416039 
                 0 
                 −1.19833E−01 
                  1.91819E−02 
                 −3.09786E−03 
               
               
                 15 
                 0.40414921 
                 0 
                 −2.45426E−02 
                 −1.31263E−02 
                  2.60935E−03 
               
               
                 16 
                 −0.00695738 
                 0 
                 −3.03299E−02 
                 −4.85877E−03 
                  3.83284E−03 
               
               
                 17 
                 0.33179200 
                 0 
                 −7.00772E−02 
                  8.42318E−03 
                 −1.05602E−03 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 S i   
                 D 
                 E 
                 F 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                  4 
                 −8.40756E−03 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                  7 
                  4.12375E−03 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                  8 
                  5.08025E−02 
                 −5.83535E−03 
                 −1.15956E−04  
               
               
                   
                  9 
                  6.71637E−02 
                 −1.60902E−02 
                 1.68568E−03 
               
               
                   
                 10 
                 −3.87681E−03 
                  1.03184E−03 
                   
               
               
                   
                 11 
                  2.44840E−02 
                 −8.92772E−03 
                 9.75016E−04 
               
               
                   
                 12 
                 −2.84359E−02 
                  2.74025E−03 
                 5.99208E−05 
               
               
                   
                 13 
                 −5.27760E−03 
                 −9.41927E−04 
                 4.80805E−04 
               
               
                   
                 14 
                 −4.79025E−03 
                  2.27861E−03 
                 −3.54821E−04  
               
               
                   
                 15 
                 −1.39902E−04 
                 −2.80100E−05 
                   
               
               
                   
                 16 
                 −7.61052E−04 
                  5.05100E−05 
                   
               
               
                   
                 17 
                  1.36618E−04 
                 −8.92466E−06 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 5A 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Optical data for embodiment 5 shown in FIGS. 13-15 
               
               
                 f = 4.10 mm, Fno = 1.80, HFOV = 38.8 deg, TTL = 5.809 mm 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 S i   
                 Component 
                 R i   
                 Shape 
                 D i   
                 Material 
                 N d   
                 V d   
                 f l   
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 0 
                 Object plane 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 INF 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 1 
                   
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.1500 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 2 
                 Aperture Stop 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 −0.1500 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 3 
                   
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.0000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 4 
                 L 1  wafer lens 
                 3.536 
                 ASP 
                 0.2502 
                 Polymer 
                 1.514 
                 54.6 
                 4.44 
               
               
                 5 
                 L 1  substrate 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.2000 
                 Glass 
                 1.523 
                 54.5 
                   
               
               
                 6 
                 L 1  wafer lens 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.3000 
                 Polymer 
                 1.514 
                 54.6 
                   
               
               
                 7 
                   
                 −5.987 
                 ASP 
                 0.1011 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 8 
                 L 2   
                 3.767 
                 ASP 
                 0.3000 
                 Plastic 
                 1.642 
                 22.4 
                 −6.62 
               
               
                 9 
                   
                 1.942 
                 ASP 
                 0.4589 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 10 
                 L 3   
                 6.162 
                 ASP 
                 0.6772 
                 Plastic 
                 1.545 
                 55.9 
                 7.30 
               
               
                 11 
                   
                 −10.884 
                 ASP 
                 0.2303 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 12 
                 L 4   
                 −1.818 
                 ASP 
                 0.5769 
                 Plastic 
                 1.545 
                 55.9 
                 26.04 
               
               
                 13 
                   
                 −1.793 
                 ASP 
                 0.1000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 14 
                 L 5   
                 1.925 
                 ASP 
                 0.7145 
                 Plastic 
                 1.545 
                 55.9 
                 10.95 
               
               
                 15 
                   
                 2.466 
                 ASP 
                 0.7000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 16 
                 L 6   
                 −60.978 
                 ASP 
                 0.3000 
                 Plastic 
                 1.642 
                 22.4 
                 −4.46 
               
               
                 17 
                   
                 3.034 
                 ASP 
                 0.2064 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 18 
                 IR filter 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.2000 
                 Glass 
                 1.516 
                 64.1 
                   
               
               
                 19 
                   
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.4936 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 20 
                 Image plane 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 S i : surface i 
               
               
                 R i : radius of surface i 
               
               
                 D i : distance between surface i and surface i + 1 along optical axis 
               
               
                 N d : index of refraction for material relative to d-line 
               
               
                 V d : Abbe number for material relative to d-line 
               
               
                 f l : focal length of lens component 
               
               
                 Design wavelengths: 650 nm, 610 nm, 555 nm, 510 nm, 470 nm 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 5B 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Aspheric coefficients for embodiment 5 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 S i   
                 c 
                 K 
                 A 
                 B 
                 C 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4 
                 0.28280877 
                 0 
                 −1.50475E−03 
                 −1.40582E−02 
                 9.69797E−03 
               
               
                 7 
                 −0.16701613 
                 0 
                  1.39148E−02 
                 −6.91190E−03 
                 −1.75341E−02  
               
               
                 8 
                 0.26544972 
                 0 
                 −1.04295E−01 
                  1.12965E−01 
                 −1.21551E−01  
               
               
                 9 
                 0.51486288 
                 0 
                 −1.59244E−01 
                  1.44680E−01 
                 −1.30340E−01  
               
               
                 10 
                 0.16228073 
                 0 
                 −5.69215E−02 
                  4.72225E−06 
                 1.13604E−02 
               
               
                 11 
                 −0.09188138 
                 0 
                  1.18962E−02 
                 −4.90515E−02 
                 −5.17486E−03  
               
               
                 12 
                 −0.55011630 
                 0 
                  2.49732E−01 
                 −1.96532E−01 
                 1.09648E−01 
               
               
                 13 
                 −0.55778804 
                 0 
                  6.74387E−02 
                 −2.69490E−02 
                 2.34045E−02 
               
               
                 14 
                 0.51943600 
                 0 
                 −1.09990E−01 
                  9.30399E−03 
                 2.30891E−03 
               
               
                 15 
                 0.40559696 
                 0 
                 −2.69307E−02 
                 −1.23070E−02 
                 2.60935E−03 
               
               
                 16 
                 −0.01639926 
                 0 
                 −3.57117E−02 
                 −4.58896E−03 
                 3.87766E−03 
               
               
                 17 
                 0.32960394 
                 0 
                 −7.50685E−02 
                  9.06250E−03 
                 −9.94141E−04  
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 S i   
                 D 
                 E 
                 F 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 4 
                 −6.08580E−03 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 7 
                  4.69879E−03 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 8 
                  4.71812E−02 
                 −6.53804E−03 
                 4.94216E−04 
               
               
                   
                 9 
                  5.62430E−02 
                 −1.07063E−02 
                 6.53201E−04 
               
               
                   
                 10 
                 −1.31272E−03 
                 −2.22092E−04 
                   
               
               
                   
                 11 
                  2.57927E−02 
                 −9.36247E−03 
                 9.75016E−04 
               
               
                   
                 12 
                 −2.84398E−02 
                  3.08408E−03 
                 1.01345E−05 
               
               
                   
                 13 
                 −4.94994E−03 
                 −1.05322E−03 
                 5.22163E−04 
               
               
                   
                 14 
                 −5.92646E−03 
                  2.17124E−03 
                 −3.07418E−04  
               
               
                   
                 15 
                 −2.16879E−04 
                 −1.45797E−05 
                   
               
               
                   
                 16 
                 −7.37169E−04 
                  4.68569E−05 
                   
               
               
                   
                 17 
                  1.17801E−04 
                 −7.78831E−06 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 6A 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Optical data for embodiment 6 shown in FIGS. 16-18 
               
               
                 f = 4.10 mm, Fno = 1.80, HFOV = 38.8 deg, TTL = 5.809 mm 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 S i   
                 Component 
                 R i   
                 Shape 
                 D i   
                 Material 
                 N d   
                 V d   
                 f l   
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 0 
                 Object plane 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 INF 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 1 
                   
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.0000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 2 
                   
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.0000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 3 
                   
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.0000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 4 
                 L 1  wafer lens 
                 3.536 
                 ASP 
                 0.2502 
                 Polymer 
                 1.514 
                 54.6 
                 4.44 
               
               
                 5 
                 Aperture stop 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.2000 
                 Glass 
                 1.523 
                 54.5 
                   
               
               
                   
                 L 1  substrate 
                   
                   
                 0.0000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 6 
                 L 1  wafer lens 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.3000 
                 Polymer 
                 1.514 
                 54.6 
                   
               
               
                 7 
                   
                 −5.987 
                 ASP 
                 0.1011 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 8 
                 L 2   
                 3.767 
                 ASP 
                 0.3000 
                 Plastic 
                 1.642 
                 22.4 
                 −6.62 
               
               
                 9 
                   
                 1.942 
                 ASP 
                 0.4589 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 10 
                 L 3   
                 6.162 
                 ASP 
                 0.6772 
                 Plastic 
                 1.545 
                 55.9 
                 7.30 
               
               
                 11 
                   
                 −10.884 
                 ASP 
                 0.2303 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 12 
                 L 4   
                 −1.818 
                 ASP 
                 0.5769 
                 Plastic 
                 1.545 
                 55.9 
                 26.04 
               
               
                 13 
                   
                 −1.793 
                 ASP 
                 0.1000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 14 
                 L 5   
                 1.925 
                 ASP 
                 0.7145 
                 Plastic 
                 1.545 
                 55.9 
                 10.95 
               
               
                 15 
                   
                 2.466 
                 ASP 
                 0.7000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 16 
                 L 6   
                 −60.978 
                 ASP 
                 0.3000 
                 Plastic 
                 1.642 
                 22.4 
                 −4.46 
               
               
                 17 
                   
                 3.034 
                 ASP 
                 0.2064 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 18 
                 IR filter 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.2000 
                 Glass 
                 1.516 
                 64.1 
                   
               
               
                 19 
                   
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.4936 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 20 
                 Image plane 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 S i : surface i 
               
               
                 R i : radius of surface i 
               
               
                 D i : distance between surface i and surface i + 1 along optical axis 
               
               
                 N d : index of refraction for material relative to d-line 
               
               
                 V d : Abbe number for material relative to d-line 
               
               
                 f l : focal length of lens component 
               
               
                 Design wavelengths: 650 nm, 610 nm, 555 nm, 510 nm, 470 nm 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 6B 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Aspheric coefficients for embodiment 6 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 S i   
                 c 
                 K 
                 A 
                 B 
                 C 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4 
                 0.28280877 
                 0 
                 −1.50475E−03 
                 −1.40582E−02 
                 9.69797E−03 
               
               
                 7 
                 −0.16701613 
                 0 
                  1.39148E−02 
                 −6.91190E−03 
                 −1.75341E−02  
               
               
                 8 
                 0.26544972 
                 0 
                 −1.04295E−01 
                  1.12965E−01 
                 −1.21551E−01  
               
               
                 9 
                 0.51486288 
                 0 
                 −1.59244E−01 
                  1.44680E−01 
                 −1.30340E−01  
               
               
                 10 
                 0.16228073 
                 0 
                 −5.69215E−02 
                  4.72225E−06 
                 1.13604E−02 
               
               
                 11 
                 −0.09188138 
                 0 
                  1.18962E−02 
                 −4.90515E−02 
                 −5.17486E−03  
               
               
                 12 
                 −0.55011630 
                 0 
                  2.49732E−01 
                 −1.96532E−01 
                 1.09648E−01 
               
               
                 13 
                 −0.55778804 
                 0 
                  6.74387E−02 
                 −2.69490E−02 
                 2.34045E−02 
               
               
                 14 
                 0.51943600 
                 0 
                 −1.09990E−01 
                  9.30399E−03 
                 2.30891E−03 
               
               
                 15 
                 0.40559696 
                 0 
                 −2.69307E−02 
                 −1.23070E−02 
                 2.60935E−03 
               
               
                 16 
                 −0.01639926 
                 0 
                 −3.57117E−02 
                 −4.58896E−03 
                 3.87766E−03 
               
               
                 17 
                 0.32960394 
                 0 
                 −7.50685E−02 
                  9.06250E−03 
                 −9.94141E−04  
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 S i   
                 D 
                 E 
                 F 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 4 
                 −6.08580E−03 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 7 
                  4.69879E−03 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 8 
                  4.71812E−02 
                 −6.53804E−03 
                 4.94216E−04 
               
               
                   
                 9 
                  5.62430E−02 
                 −1.07063E−02 
                 6.53201E−04 
               
               
                   
                 10 
                 −1.31272E−03 
                 −2.22092E−04 
                   
               
               
                   
                 11 
                  2.57927E−02 
                 −9.36247E−03 
                 9.75016E−04 
               
               
                   
                 12 
                 −2.84398E−02 
                  3.08408E−03 
                 1.01345E−05 
               
               
                   
                 13 
                 −4.94994E−03 
                 −1.05322E−03 
                 5.22163E−04 
               
               
                   
                 14 
                 −5.92646E−03 
                  2.17124E−03 
                 −3.07418E−04  
               
               
                   
                 15 
                 −2.16879E−04 
                 −1.45797E−05 
                   
               
               
                   
                 16 
                 −7.37169E−04 
                  4.68569E−05 
                   
               
               
                   
                 17 
                  1.17801E−04 
                 −7.78831E−06 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 7A 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Optical data for embodiment 7 shown in FIGS. 19-21 
               
               
                 f = 4.10 mm, Fno = 2.00, HFOV = 38.9 deg, TTL = 5.75 mm 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 S i   
                 Component 
                 R i   
                 Shape 
                 D i   
                 Material 
                 N d   
                 V d   
                 f l   
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 0 
                 Object plane 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 INF 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 1 
                   
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.1000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 2 
                 Aperture Stop 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 −0.1000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 3 
                   
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.0000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 4 
                 L 1   
                 2.927 
                 ASP 
                 0.7540 
                 Plastic 
                 1.545 
                 55.9 
                 3.94 
               
               
                 5 
                   
                 −7.462 
                 ASP 
                 0.1004 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 6 
                 L 2   
                 21.63 
                 ASP 
                 0.3200 
                 Plastic 
                 1.642 
                 22.4 
                 −7.13 
               
               
                 7 
                   
                 3.783 
                 ASP 
                 0.4857 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 8 
                 L 3   
                 6.353 
                 ASP 
                 0.5760 
                 Plastic 
                 1.545 
                 55.9 
                 103.38 
               
               
                 9 
                   
                 6.928 
                 ASP 
                 0.2314 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 10 
                 L 4   
                 −3.056 
                 ASP 
                 0.6505 
                 Plastic 
                 1.545 
                 55.9 
                 7.05 
               
               
                 11 
                   
                 −1.833 
                 ASP 
                 0.1001 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 12 
                 L 5   
                 2.06 
                 ASP 
                 0.7118 
                 Plastic 
                 1.545 
                 55.9 
                 11.55 
               
               
                 13 
                   
                 2.683 
                 ASP 
                 0.6000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 14 
                 L 6   
                 −12.755 
                 ASP 
                 0.3200 
                 Plastic 
                 1.642 
                 22.4 
                 −4.00 
               
               
                 15 
                   
                 3.283 
                 ASP 
                 0.3497 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 16 
                 IR filter 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.2000 
                 Glass 
                 1.516 
                 64.1 
                   
               
               
                 17 
                   
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.3503 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 18 
                 Image plane 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 S i  : surface i 
               
               
                 R i : radius of surface i 
               
               
                 D i : distance between surface i and surface i + 1 along optical axis 
               
               
                 N d : index of refraction for material relative to d-line 
               
               
                 V d : Abbe number for material relative to d-line 
               
               
                 f l : focal length of lens component 
               
               
                 Design wavelengths: 650 nm, 610 nm, 555 nm, 510 nm, 470 nm 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 7B 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Aspheric coefficients for embodiment 7 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 S i   
                 c 
                 K 
                 A 
                 B 
                 C 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4 
                 0.34170254 
                 0 
                 −5.24592E−03 
                 −2.52093E−02 
                 2.22410E−02 
               
               
                 5 
                 −0.13401359 
                 0 
                 −5.67166E−02 
                  4.22624E−02 
                 −4.90450E−02  
               
               
                 6 
                 0.04623186 
                 0 
                 −1.23909E−01 
                  1.62520E−01 
                 −1.52104E−01  
               
               
                 7 
                 0.26435256 
                 0 
                 −1.16169E−01 
                  1.44632E−01 
                 −1.18920E−01  
               
               
                 8 
                 0.15739955 
                 0 
                 −1.23371E−01 
                  2.90183E−02 
                 −4.96919E−03  
               
               
                 9 
                 0.14433149 
                 0 
                 −2.17615E−02 
                 −5.58962E−02 
                 2.12051E−02 
               
               
                 10 
                 −0.32725905 
                 0 
                  1.84854E−01 
                 −1.69669E−01 
                 6.37742E−02 
               
               
                 11 
                 −0.54569396 
                 0 
                  2.49552E−02 
                 −1.15589E−02 
                 3.66118E−03 
               
               
                 12 
                 0.48554219 
                 0 
                 −1.13966E−01 
                  5.14297E−03 
                 1.17551E−03 
               
               
                 13 
                 0.37272941 
                 0 
                 −3.63398E−02 
                 −5.76586E−03 
                 1.71744E−03 
               
               
                 14 
                 −0.07840018 
                 0 
                 −1.42030E−02 
                 −2.40083E−04 
                 3.96810E−04 
               
               
                 15 
                 0.30461492 
                 0 
                 −5.17864E−02 
                  3.77687E−03 
                 6.71947E−05 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 S i   
                 D 
                 E 
                 F 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 4 
                 −1.74366E−02 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 5 
                  1.05678E−02 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 6 
                  6.24354E−02 
                 −7.57519E−03 
                   
               
               
                   
                 7 
                  5.13912E−02 
                 −8.26591E−03 
                   
               
               
                   
                 8 
                  4.57293E−04 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 9 
                 −2.21788E−03 
                 −5.98601E−04 
                   
               
               
                   
                 10 
                 −9.07999E−03 
                  2.28743E−04 
                   
               
               
                   
                 11 
                  1.75784E−03 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 12 
                 −6.47208E−04 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 13 
                 −2.36109E−04 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 14 
                 −6.89044E−05 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 15 
                 −2.40595E−05 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 8A 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Optical data for embodiment 8 shown in FIGS. 22-24 
               
               
                 f = 4.10 mm, Fno = 2.00, HFOV = 37.0 deg, TTL = 5.799 mm 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 S i   
                 Component 
                 R i   
                 Shape 
                 D i   
                 Material 
                 N d   
                 V d   
                 f l   
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 0 
                 Object plane 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 INF 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 1 
                   
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.0000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 2 
                   
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.0000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 3 
                   
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.0000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 4 
                 L 1 w 1  wafer lens 
                 3.602 
                 ASP 
                 0.2500 
                 Polymer 
                 1.514 
                 54.6 
                 5.71 
               
               
                 5 
                 L 1 w 1  substrate 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.2000 
                 Glass 
                 1.523 
                 54.5 
                   
               
               
                 6 
                 Aperture stop 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.0300 
                 EC* 
                 1.472 
                 65.5 
                   
               
               
                 7 
                 L 1 w 2  substrate 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.2000 
                 Glass 
                 1.523 
                 54.5 
                   
               
               
                 8 
                 L 1 w 2  wafer lens 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.1800 
                 Polymer 
                 1.514 
                 54.6 
                   
               
               
                 9 
                   
                 −14.733 
                 ASP 
                 0.1000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 10 
                 L 2   
                 3.108 
                 ASP 
                 0.3000 
                 Plastic 
                 1.636 
                 23.9 
                 −5.01 
               
               
                 11 
                   
                 1.519 
                 ASP 
                 0.1000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 12 
                 L 3   
                 2.054 
                 ASP 
                 0.8551 
                 Plastic 
                 1.545 
                 55.9 
                 3.80 
               
               
                 13 
                   
                 146.849 
                 ASP 
                 0.4522 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 14 
                 L 4   
                 −1.509 
                 ASP 
                 0.4698 
                 Plastic 
                 1.545 
                 55.9 
                 59.78 
               
               
                 15 
                   
                 −1.601 
                 ASP 
                 0.0500 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 16 
                 L 5   
                 2.142 
                 ASP 
                 0.8256 
                 Plastic 
                 1.545 
                 55.9 
                 16.61 
               
               
                 17 
                   
                 2.422 
                 ASP 
                 0.3702 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 18 
                 L 6   
                 19.579 
                 ASP 
                 0.5165 
                 Plastic 
                 1.651 
                 21.5 
                 −5.90 
               
               
                 19 
                   
                 3.201 
                 ASP 
                 0.2941 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 20 
                 IR filter 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.2000 
                 Glass 
                 1.516 
                 64.1 
                   
               
               
                 21 
                   
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.4059 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 22 
                 Image plane 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 S i : surface i 
               
               
                 R i : radius of surface i 
               
               
                 D i : distance between surface i and surface i + 1 along optical axis 
               
               
                 N d : index of refraction for material relative to d-line 
               
               
                 V d : Abbe number for material relative to d-line 
               
               
                 f l : focal length of lens component 
               
               
                 *EC: electrochromic media, modeled data, exact data unavailable 
               
               
                 Design wavelengths: 650 nm, 610 nm, 555 nm, 510 nm, 470 nm 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 8B 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Aspheric coefficients for embodiment 8 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 S i   
                 c 
                 K 
                 A 
                 B 
                 C 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4 
                 0.27762165 
                 0 
                 −1.53046E−02 
                 −8.81942E−03 
                 3.94984E−04 
               
               
                 9 
                 −0.06787259 
                 0 
                  3.00793E−02 
                 −1.15440E−01 
                 6.60296E−02 
               
               
                 10 
                 0.32175841 
                 0 
                 −9.75184E−03 
                 −6.65000E−02 
                 2.02022E−02 
               
               
                 11 
                 0.65851378 
                 0 
                 −1.61474E−01 
                  1.03269E−01 
                 −9.69970E−02  
               
               
                 12 
                 0.48678203 
                 0 
                 −9.82156E−02 
                  5.69474E−02 
                 −1.58593E−02  
               
               
                 13 
                 0.00680969 
                 0 
                  1.59563E−02 
                 −5.08762E−02 
                 2.21621E−02 
               
               
                 14 
                 −0.66259823 
                 0 
                  2.42440E−01 
                 −2.41260E−01 
                 1.39617E−01 
               
               
                 15 
                 0.62449088 
                 0 
                  6.43812E−02 
                 −5.81055E−02 
                 2.94540E−02 
               
               
                 16 
                 0.46675448 
                 0 
                 −1.42411E−01 
                  2.31785E−02 
                 −1.45856E−02  
               
               
                 17 
                 0.41280238 
                 0 
                 −4.85666E−02 
                 −1.23605E−02 
                 4.79435E−03 
               
               
                 18 
                 0.05107600 
                 0 
                 −7.24467E−02 
                  2.03904E−02 
                 −9.89985E−04  
               
               
                 19 
                 0.31240283 
                 0 
                 −9.72346E−02 
                  2.07161E−02 
                 −2.06560E−03  
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 S i   
                 D 
                 E 
                 F 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 4 
                 −1.84415E−03 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 9 
                 −1.47681E−02 
                 −1.06832E−04 
                   
               
               
                   
                 10 
                  2.69213E−03 
                 −1.85232E−03 
                   
               
               
                   
                 11 
                  4.36120E−02 
                 −9.94064E−03 
                   
               
               
                   
                 12 
                 −2.38579E−04 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 13 
                 −5.45726E−03 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 14 
                 −3.45297E−02 
                  4.26712E−03 
                   
               
               
                   
                 15 
                  1.16857E−03 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 16 
                  6.01874E−03 
                 −1.34223E−03 
                   
               
               
                   
                 17 
                 −6.37472E−04 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 18 
                 −3.64897E−04 
                  3.40631E−05 
                   
               
               
                   
                 19 
                  6.29097E−05 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 9A 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Optical data for embodiment 9 shown in FIGS. 25-27 
               
               
                 f = 4.10 mm, Fno = 1.80, HFOV = 38.8 deg, TTL = 5.802 mm 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 S i   
                 Component 
                 R i   
                 Shape 
                 D i   
                 Material 
                 N d   
                 V d   
                 f l   
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 0 
                 Object plane 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 INF 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 1 
                   
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.0000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 2 
                   
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.0000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 3 
                   
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.0000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 4 
                 L 1 w 1  wafer lens 
                 3.602 
                 ASP 
                 0.2500 
                 Polymer 
                 1.514 
                 54.6 
                 5.71 
               
               
                 5 
                 L 1 w 1  substrate 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.2000 
                 Glass 
                 1.523 
                 54.5 
                   
               
               
                 6 
                 Aperture stop 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.0300 
                 EC* 
                 1.472 
                 65.5 
                   
               
               
                 7 
                 L 1 w 2  substrate 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.2000 
                 Glass 
                 1.523 
                 54.5 
                   
               
               
                 8 
                 L 1 w 2  wafer lens 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.1800 
                 Polymer 
                 1.514 
                 54.6 
                   
               
               
                 9 
                   
                 −14.733 
                 ASP 
                 0.1000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 10 
                 L 2   
                 3.097 
                 ASP 
                 0.3000 
                 Plastic 
                 1.636 
                 23.9 
                 −4.99 
               
               
                 11 
                   
                 1.513 
                 ASP 
                 0.1000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 12 
                 L 3   
                 1.969 
                 ASP 
                 0.8551 
                 Plastic 
                 1.545 
                 55.9 
                 3.88 
               
               
                 13 
                   
                 23.261 
                 ASP 
                 0.4281 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 14 
                 L 4   
                 −1.543 
                 ASP 
                 0.4698 
                 Plastic 
                 1.545 
                 55.9 
                 44.98 
               
               
                 15 
                   
                 −1.609 
                 ASP 
                 0.0500 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 16 
                 L 5   
                 2.19 
                 ASP 
                 0.8256 
                 Plastic 
                 1.545 
                 55.9 
                 16.33 
               
               
                 17 
                   
                 2.516 
                 ASP 
                 0.3939 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 18 
                 L 6   
                 14.835 
                 ASP 
                 0.5165 
                 Plastic 
                 1.651 
                 21.5 
                 −5.89 
               
               
                 19 
                   
                 3.025 
                 ASP 
                 0.2941 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 20 
                 IR filter 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.2000 
                 Glass 
                 1.516 
                 64.1 
                   
               
               
                 21 
                   
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.4059 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 22 
                 Image plane 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 S i : surface i 
               
               
                 R i : radius of surface i 
               
               
                 D i : distance between surface i and surface i + 1 along optical axis 
               
               
                 N d : index of refraction for material relative to d-line 
               
               
                 V d : Abbe number for material relative to d-line 
               
               
                 f l : focal length of lens component 
               
               
                 *EC: electrochromic media, modeled data, exact data unavailable 
               
               
                 Design wavelengths: 650 nm, 610 nm, 555 nm, 510 nm, 470 nm 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 9B 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Aspheric coefficients for embodiment 9 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 S i   
                 c 
                 K 
                 A 
                 B 
                 C 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4 
                 0.27762165 
                 0 
                 −1.61133E−02 
                 −6.12050E−03 
                 −1.40968E−03  
               
               
                 9 
                 −0.06787259 
                 0 
                  2.73873E−02 
                 −1.20496E+00 
                 7.48179E−02 
               
               
                 10 
                 0.32291254 
                 0 
                 −1.68170E−02 
                 −6.27849E−02 
                 1.83515E−02 
               
               
                 11 
                 0.66076459 
                 0 
                 −1.70112E−01 
                  1.03415E−01 
                 −9.49920E−02  
               
               
                 12 
                 0.50778700 
                 0 
                 −1.07302E−01 
                  5.48757E−02 
                 −1.74288E−02  
               
               
                 13 
                 0.04298967 
                 0 
                  2.32408E−02 
                 −4.98282E−02 
                 2.36758E−02 
               
               
                 14 
                 −0.64788520 
                 0 
                  2.51197E−01 
                 −2.33783E−01 
                 1.40417E−01 
               
               
                 15 
                 −0.62167595 
                 0 
                  6.23081E−02 
                 −5.26817E−02 
                 2.74941E−02 
               
               
                 16 
                 0.45651821 
                 0 
                 −1.42448E−01 
                  2.21766E−02 
                 −1.49025E−02  
               
               
                 17 
                 0.39744364 
                 0 
                 −4.42719E−02 
                 −1.66528E−02 
                 6.54516E−03 
               
               
                 18 
                 0.06740787 
                 0 
                 −7.53034E−02 
                  1.53727E−02 
                 5.64255E−04 
               
               
                 19 
                 0.33063134 
                 0 
                 −1.04407E−01 
                  2.13734E−02 
                 −2.23191E−03  
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 S i   
                 D 
                 E 
                 F 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 4 
                 −1.54698E−03 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 9 
                 −1.87366E−02 
                 −1.06824E−04 
                   
               
               
                   
                 10 
                  6.11101E−03 
                 −3.89990E−03 
                   
               
               
                   
                 11 
                  4.29889E−02 
                 −9.96789E−03 
                   
               
               
                   
                 12 
                  6.93913E−04 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 13 
                 −5.97372E−03 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 14 
                 −3.51704E−02 
                  3.87289E−03 
                   
               
               
                   
                 15 
                  1.20392E−03 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 16 
                  6.57234E−03 
                 −1.53369E−03 
                   
               
               
                   
                 17 
                 −8.90249E−04 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 18 
                 −5.00299E−04 
                  1.35185E−05 
                   
               
               
                   
                 19 
                  6.63282E−05 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 10A 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Optical data for embodiment 10 shown in FIGS. 28-30 
               
               
                 f = 4.10 mm, Fno = 2.20, HFOV = 37.0 deg, TTL = 5.500 mm 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 S i   
                 Component 
                 R i   
                 Shape 
                 D i   
                 Material 
                 N d   
                 V d   
                 f l   
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 0 
                 Object plane 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 INF 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 1 
                   
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.0000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 2 
                   
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.0000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 3 
                   
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.0000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 4 
                 L1 wafer lens 
                 4.478 
                 ASP 
                 0.2000 
                 Polymer 
                 1.514 
                 54.6 
                 8.69 
               
               
                 5 
                 L1 substrate 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.2000 
                 Glass 
                 1.523 
                 54.5 
                   
               
               
                 6 
                 Aperture stop 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.1000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 7 
                 L2 
                 9.759 
                 ASP 
                 0.5177 
                 Plastic 
                 1.535 
                 56.3 
                 6.94 
               
               
                 8 
                   
                 −5.915 
                 ASP 
                 0.1001 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 9 
                 L3 
                 2.884 
                 ASP 
                 0.3001 
                 Plastic 
                 1.651 
                 21.5 
                 −5.57 
               
               
                 10 
                   
                 1.546 
                 ASP 
                 0.2844 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 11 
                 L4 
                 5.506 
                 ASP 
                 0.7508 
                 Plastic 
                 1.552 
                 55.9 
                 6.47 
               
               
                 12 
                   
                 −9.433 
                 ASP 
                 0.5684 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 13 
                 L5 
                 3.116 
                 ASP 
                 0.5181 
                 Plastic 
                 1.552 
                 55.9 
                 105.09 
               
               
                 14 
                   
                 3.101 
                 ASP 
                 0.3071 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 15 
                 L6 
                 2.503 
                 ASP 
                 0.7539 
                 Plastic 
                 1.552 
                 55.9 
                 −7.58 
               
               
                 16 
                   
                 1.395 
                 ASP 
                 0.3500 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 17 
                 IR filter 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.2000 
                 Glass 
                 1.516 
                 64.1 
                   
               
               
                 18 
                   
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.3500 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 19 
                 Image plane 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 S i : surface i 
               
               
                 R i : radius of surface i 
               
               
                 D i : distance between surface i and surface i + 1 along optical axis 
               
               
                 N d : index of refraction for material relative to d-line 
               
               
                 V d : Abbe number for material relative to d-line 
               
               
                 f l : focal length of lens component 
               
               
                 Design wavelengths: 650 nm, 610 nm, 555 nm, 510 nm, 470 nm 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 10B 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Aspheric coefficients for embodiment 10 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 S i   
                 c 
                 K 
                 A 
                 B 
                 C 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4 
                 0.22331141 
                 0 
                 −2.16361E−02 
                  1.62943E−03 
                  2.20577E−03 
               
               
                 7 
                 0.10246718 
                 0 
                  1.34699E−02 
                 −2.19748E−02 
                 −8.03120E−03 
               
               
                 8 
                 −0.16905894 
                 0 
                  4.88659E−02 
                 −1.03574E−01 
                  6.07549E−02 
               
               
                 9 
                 0.34673568 
                 0 
                 −5.23701E−02 
                 −7.61703E−03 
                 −4.37841E−03 
               
               
                 10 
                 0.64691942 
                 0 
                 −1.48485E−01 
                  1.00325E−01 
                 −1.05525E−01 
               
               
                 11 
                 0.18160645 
                 0 
                 −2.65234E−02 
                  4.25966E−02 
                 −2.05494E−02 
               
               
                 12 
                 −0.10600724 
                 0 
                 −5.50676E−02 
                 −6.70601E−03 
                  2.69608E−02 
               
               
                 13 
                 0.32095787 
                 0 
                  2.35762E−03 
                 −8.58559E−02 
                  4.01230E−02 
               
               
                 14 
                 0.32250676 
                 0 
                  2.05244E−02 
                 −5.45955E−02 
                  2.05671E−02 
               
               
                 15 
                 0.39950240 
                 0 
                 −2.11619E−01 
                  6.92158E−02 
                 −7.38029E−03 
               
               
                 16 
                 0.71701343 
                 −5.04077888 
                 −7.81914E−02 
                  2.25263E−02 
                 −4.35741E−03 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 S i   
                 D 
                 E 
                 F 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 4 
                 −5.89599E−04 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 7 
                  3.23003E−03 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 8 
                 −1.40560E−02 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 9 
                  1.36806E−02 
                  1.28286E−04 
                 −2.29763E−03 
               
               
                   
                 10 
                  5.74088E−02 
                 −1.13118E−02 
                 −1.17832E−03 
               
               
                   
                 11 
                  3.99115E−03 
                  4.30409E−03 
                 −1.59654E−03 
               
               
                   
                 12 
                 −9.98028E−03 
                 −2.24427E−03 
                  2.55090E−03 
               
               
                   
                 13 
                 −1.60232E−02 
                  3.18830E−03 
                 −3.78718E−04 
               
               
                   
                 14 
                 −2.81978E−03 
                 −5.17012E−05 
                  2.02126E−05 
               
               
                   
                 15 
                 −1.89401E−04 
                 −1.00294E−04 
                  2.23299E−05 
               
               
                   
                 16 
                  4.44412E−04 
                 −1.82311E−05 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 11A 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Optical data for embodiment 11 shown in FIGS. 31-33 
               
               
                 f = 4.10 mm, Fno = 2.00, HFOV = 37.0 deg, TTL = 5.500 mm 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 S i   
                 Component 
                 R i   
                 Shape 
                 D i   
                 Material 
                 N d   
                 V d   
                 f l   
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 0 
                 Object plane 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 INF 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 1 
                   
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.0000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 2 
                   
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.0000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 3 
                   
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.0000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 4 
                 L1 wafer lens 
                 4.565 
                 ASP 
                 0.2000 
                 Polymer 
                 1.514 
                 54.6 
                 8.86 
               
               
                 5 
                 L1 substrate 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.2000 
                 Glass 
                 1.523 
                 54.5 
                   
               
               
                 6 
                 Aperture stop 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.1000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 7 
                 L2 
                 8.824 
                 ASP 
                 0.5299 
                 Plastic 
                 1.535 
                 56.3 
                 6.67 
               
               
                 8 
                   
                 −5.914 
                 ASP 
                 0.1000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 9 
                 L3 
                 4.111 
                 ASP 
                 0.3000 
                 Plastic 
                 1.651 
                 21.5 
                 −6.08 
               
               
                 10 
                   
                 1.966 
                 ASP 
                 0.5047 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 11 
                 L4 
                 6.027 
                 ASP 
                 0.6550 
                 Plastic 
                 1.552 
                 55.9 
                 9.37 
               
               
                 12 
                   
                 −32.798 
                 ASP 
                 0.4444 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 13 
                 L5 
                 2.172 
                 ASP 
                 0.4040 
                 Plastic 
                 1.552 
                 55.9 
                 9.14 
               
               
                 14 
                   
                 3.589 
                 ASP 
                 0.4888 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 15 
                 L6 
                 3.504 
                 ASP 
                 0.6734 
                 Plastic 
                 1.552 
                 55.9 
                 −4.47 
               
               
                 16 
                   
                 1.342 
                 ASP 
                 0.3500 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 17 
                 IR filter 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.2000 
                 Glass 
                 1.516 
                 64.1 
                   
               
               
                 18 
                   
                 INF 
                 FLT 
                 0.3500 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 19 
                 Image plane 
                 INF 
                 FLT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 S i : surface i 
               
               
                 R i : radius of surface i 
               
               
                 D i : distance between surface i and surface i + 1 along optical axis 
               
               
                 N d : index of refraction for material relative to d-line 
               
               
                 V d : Abbe number for material relative to d-line 
               
               
                 f l : focal length of lens component 
               
               
                 Design wavelengths: 650 nm, 610 nm, 555 nm, 510 nm, 470 nm 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 11B 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Aspheric coefficients for embodiment 11 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 S i   
                 c 
                 K 
                 A 
                 B 
                 C 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4 
                 0.21904221 
                 0 
                 −3.53205E−02 
                 7.40469E−03 
                 −2.35244E−04 
               
               
                 7 
                 0.11332407 
                 0 
                  5.62394E−02 
                 −4.52245E−02  
                  8.03545E−03 
               
               
                 8 
                 −0.16908705 
                 0 
                  4.17862E−02 
                 −1.08919E−01  
                  5.55381E−02 
               
               
                 9 
                 0.24325145 
                 0 
                 −1.18168E−01 
                 1.12603E−04 
                 −1.95298E−03 
               
               
                 10 
                 0.50853109 
                 0 
                 −1.83974E−01 
                 1.10144E−01 
                 −9.96899E−02 
               
               
                 11 
                 0.16593012 
                 0 
                 −4.17040E−02 
                 3.45716E−02 
                 −1.41134E−02 
               
               
                 12 
                 −0.03048947 
                 0 
                 −9.28217E−02 
                 2.80591E−02 
                  7.80852E−03 
               
               
                 13 
                 0.46037044 
                 0 
                  2.61662E−03 
                 −7.42071E−02  
                  3.44516E−02 
               
               
                 14 
                 0.27865523 
                 0 
                  8.02350E−02 
                 −8.10489E−02  
                  2.28301E−02 
               
               
                 15 
                 0.28542276 
                 0 
                 −2.17443E−01 
                 7.12621E−02 
                 −7.16745E−03 
               
               
                 16 
                 0.74529479 
                 −5.0919178 
                 −8.43477E−02 
                 2.62584E−02 
                 −5.11070E−03 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 S i   
                 D 
                 E 
                 F 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 4 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 7 
                 −1.38925E−03 
                 −7.71100E−03 
                   
               
               
                   
                 8 
                 −1.86905E−02 
                 −3.38142E−04 
                   
               
               
                   
                 9 
                  1.42282E−02 
                 −3.81412E−03 
                  3.92806E−05 
               
               
                   
                 10 
                  6.41426E−02 
                 −2.16768E−02 
                  2.76549E−03 
               
               
                   
                 11 
                 −2.87396E−03 
                  5.11498E−03 
                 −1.07184E−03 
               
               
                   
                 12 
                 −5.46666E−03 
                 −3.95604E−05 
                  7.41611E−04 
               
               
                   
                 13 
                 −1.63290E−02 
                  4.36408E−03 
                 −5.02876E−04 
               
               
                   
                 14 
                 −2.66925E−03 
                  5.23517E−05 
                 −2.73421E−06 
               
               
                   
                 15 
                 −3.12518E−04 
                 −1.03896E−04 
                  2.90063E−05 
               
               
                   
                 16 
                  4.69322E−04 
                 −1.28516E−05 
                 −3.04910E−07

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20150819
Publication Date: 20180123
Grant Date: 20180123
Priority Date: 20150209
Inventors: MERCADO ROMEO I.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G02F1/1533", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02F1/155", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02F1/157", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02F1/157", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B9/62", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B13/0085", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B13/0045", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B13/0085", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B9/00", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B9/62", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B27/0025", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B13/0045", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N23/51", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B9/62", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N5/2252", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B13/0085", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02F1/157", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B13/0045", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B27/0025", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N5/2254", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 56566724