PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-12073705-B2
Application Number: US-202117525779-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Separation alerts for notification while traveling

Abstract:
Methods to provide separation notifications are described. In an embodiment, movement is detected beyond a threshold distance from a trusted location, in response to the detecting, receiving an indication that at least one accessory device is nearby the electronic device and storing information on a status of a wireless connection with the at least one accessory device, receiving an indication that the electronic device is in transit, monitoring the wireless connection for the at least one accessory device, and upon detection of a lost wireless connection for the at least one accessory device, send a separation notification.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A method performed by one or more processors of an electronic device to provide separation notifications, the method comprising:
 detecting that the electronic device exits a trusted location; 
 in response to the detecting, receiving an indication that at least one accessory device is nearby the electronic device upon exit of the trusted location and storing information on a status of a wireless connection with the at least one accessory device; 
 receiving an indication that the electronic device is in transit; 
 monitoring the wireless connection for the at least one accessory device nearby the electronic device upon exit of the trusted location; and 
 upon detection of a lost wireless connection for the at least one accessory device, send a separation notification. 
 
     
     
       2. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 upon detection of the lost wireless connection for the at least one accessory device, setting a first timer for a first defined period of time; 
 upon expiry of the first timer, request information on whether the lost wireless connection is reestablished; 
 updating information stored on the status of the wireless connection; and 
 sending the separation notification unless the lost connection is reestablished. 
 
     
     
       3. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 upon detection of a lost wireless connection for the at least one accessory device, monitoring a second geofence for a last known location; 
 updating information stored on the status of the wireless connection; and 
 upon detection of crossing the second geofence boundary within a second defined period of time, sending the separation notification. 
 
     
     
       4. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 monitoring a geofence for a last known location; and 
 upon detection of crossing a geofence boundary of a last known location for a threshold period of time, increasing a rate of a beacon scan. 
 
     
     
       5. The method of  claim 4 , wherein the rate of the beacon scan is performed every N seconds for M minutes at a higher duty cycle. 
     
     
       6. The method of  claim 4 , further comprising increasing the rate of the beacon scan to be performed every P times more than an expected rate of packets received from the at least one accessory device. 
     
     
       7. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 receiving an indication that the electronic device is located in a known location; 
 and 
 ceasing the monitoring of the wireless connection when the electronic device located within a boundary of the known location. 
 
     
     
       8. The method of  claim 1  wherein the receiving an indication that at least one accessory device is nearby the electronic device comprises at least one of:
 receiving an indication of a wireless connection with the at least one accessory device or receiving beacon data with an indication that the at least one accessory device is nearby. 
 
     
     
       9. A non-transitory machine-readable medium storing instructions to cause one or more processors of an electronic device to perform operations comprising:
 detecting that the electronic device exits a trusted location; 
 in response to the detecting, receiving an indication that at least one accessory device is nearby the electronic device upon exit of the trusted location and storing information on a status of a wireless connection with the at least one accessory device; 
 receiving an indication that the electronic device is in transit; 
 monitoring the wireless connection for the at least one accessory device nearby the electronic device upon exit of the trusted location; and 
 upon detection of a lost wireless connection for the at least one accessory device, send a separation notification. 
 
     
     
       10. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of  claim 9 , further comprising:
 upon detection of the lost wireless connection for the at least one accessory device, setting a first timer for a first defined period of time; 
 upon expiry of the first timer, requesting information on whether the lost wireless connection is reestablished; 
 updating information stored on the status of the wireless connection; and 
 sending the separation notification unless the lost connection is reestablished. 
 
     
     
       11. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of  claim 9 , further comprising:
 upon detection of a lost wireless connection for the at least one accessory device, monitoring a second geofence for a last known location; 
 updating information stored on the status of the wireless connection; and 
 upon detection of crossing the second geofence boundary within a second defined period of time, sending the separation notification. 
 
     
     
       12. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of  claim 9 , further comprising:
 monitoring a geofence for a last known location; and 
 upon detection of crossing a geofence boundary of a last known location for a threshold period of time, increasing a rate of a beacon scan. 
 
     
     
       13. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of  claim 12 , wherein the rate of the beacon scan is performed every N seconds for M minutes at a higher duty cycle. 
     
     
       14. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of  claim 12 , further comprising increasing the rate of the beacon scan to be performed every P times more than an expected rate of packets received from the at least one accessory device. 
     
     
       15. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of  claim 9 , further comprising:
 receiving an indication that the electronic device is located in a known location; and 
 ceasing the monitoring of the wireless connection when the electronic device located within a boundary of the known location. 
 
     
     
       16. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of  claim 9 , wherein the receiving an indication that at least one accessory device is nearby the electronic device comprises at least one of:
 receiving an indication of a wireless connection with the at least one accessory device or receiving beacon data with an indication that the at least one accessory device is nearby. 
 
     
     
       17. A data processing system comprising:
 a memory to store instructions for execution; 
 one or more processors to execute the instructions stored in memory, wherein the instructions, when executed cause the one or more processors to:
 detect that an electronic device exits a trusted location; 
 in response to the detecting, receiving an indication that at least one accessory device is nearby the electronic device upon exit of the trusted location and storing information on a status of a wireless connection with the at least one accessory device; 
 receive an indication that the electronic device is in transit; 
 monitor the wireless connection for the at least one accessory device nearby the electronic device upon exit of the trusted location; and 
 upon detection of a lost wireless connection for the at least one accessory device, send a separation notification. 
 
 
     
     
       18. The data processing system of  claim 17 , further causing the one or more processors to:
 upon detection of a lost wireless connection for the at least one accessory device, set a first timer for a first defined period of time; 
 upon expiry of the first timer, request information on whether the lost wireless connection is reestablished; 
 update information stored on the status of the wireless connection; and 
 send the separation notification unless the lost connection is reestablished. 
 
     
     
       19. The data processing system of  claim 17 , further causing the one or more processors to:
 upon detection of a lost wireless connection for the at least one accessory device, monitor a second geofence for a last known location; 
 update information stored on the status of the wireless connection; and 
 upon detection of crossing the second geofence boundary within a second defined period of time, send the separation notification. 
 
     
     
       20. The data processing system of  claim 17 , further causing the one or more processors to:
 monitor a geofence for a last known location; and 
 upon detection of crossing a geofence boundary of a last known location for a threshold period of time, increasing a rate of a beacon scan. 
 
     
     
       21. The data processing system of  claim 20 , wherein the rate of the beacon scan is performed every N seconds for M minutes at a higher duty cycle. 
     
     
       22. The data processing system of  claim 20 , further causing the one or more processors to:
 increase the rate of the beacon scan to be performed every P times more than an expected rate of packets received from the at least one accessory device. 
 
     
     
       23. The data processing system of  claim 17 , further causing the one or more processors to:
 receive an indication that the electronic device is located in a known location; and 
 cease the monitoring of the wireless connection when the electronic device located within a boundary of the known location. 
 
     
     
       24. The data processing system of  claim 17 , wherein the receiving an indication that at least one accessory device is nearby the electronic device comprises at least one of:
 receive an indication of a wireless connection with the at least one accessory device or receive beacon data with an indication that the at least one accessory device is nearby.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 63/185,926, entitled “Separation Alerts for Notifications while Traveling,” filed on May 7, 2021 and U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 63/197,317, entitled “Separation Alerts for Notifications while Traveling,” filed on Jun. 4, 2021, each of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     Embodiments described herein relate generally to a system and method of locating wireless devices and accessories. 
     BACKGROUND 
     When a device loses a wireless connection with another device, the user may be alerted to the loss of the connection as soon as the wireless connection is lost and without regard for the possibility that the loss of connection is temporary. As a result, prior alerts regarding a loss of wireless connection have been surfaced too frequently and were not meaningful. 
     SUMMARY 
     In an embodiment, a method performed by one or more processors of an electronic device to provide separation notifications, the method provides detecting movement beyond a threshold distance from a trusted location, in response to the detecting, receiving an indication that at least one accessory device is nearby the electronic device and storing information on a status of a wireless connection with the at least one accessory device, receiving an indication that the electronic device is in transit, monitoring the wireless connection for the at least one accessory device, and upon detection of a lost wireless connection for the at least one accessory device, send a separation notification. 
     In an embodiment, a method performed by one or more processors of an electronic device to provide separation notifications, the method provides detecting movement beyond a threshold distance from a trusted location, in response to the detecting, receiving an indication that at least one accessory device is nearby the electronic device and storing information on status of a wireless connection with the at least one accessory device, receiving an indication that the electronic device is located in a known location and monitoring a geofence for the known location, upon receipt of an indication of crossing the geofence boundary, monitoring the wireless connection for the at least one accessory device, and upon detection of a lost wireless connection for the at least one accessory device, send a separation notification. 
     In an embodiment, a method performed by one or more processors of an electronic device to provide separation notifications, the method provides detecting movement beyond a threshold distance from a trusted location, in response to the detecting, receiving an indication that at least one accessory device is nearby the electronic device and storing information on the at least one accessory device, receiving an indication that the electronic device is in transit, and upon detection of crossing a geofence boundary for the trusted location, increasing a rate of a beacon scan, and upon receipt of beacon data, send a separation notification if beacon data does not indicate the at least one accessory device is nearby. 
     In an embodiment, a method performed by one or more processors of an electronic device to provide separation notifications, receiving an indication located at a known location, receiving an indication that at least one accessory device is nearby the electronic device and storing information on the at least one accessory devices, upon detection of crossing a geofence boundary for the known location, increasing a rate of a beacon scan for a defined period of time, and upon receipt of beacon data, sending a separation notification if beacon data does not indicate the at least one accessory device is nearby. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is a block diagram of a network operating environment for mobile devices, according to an embodiment. 
         FIG.  2    illustrates a system to locate a wireless accessory, according to an embodiment. 
         FIG.  3    illustrates a system for pairing and locating a wireless accessory, according to embodiment. 
         FIG.  4    is a flow diagram illustrating methods for use with the device locator systems, according to an embodiment. 
         FIG.  5    is a timeline for provision of separation notifications while a mobile device is in transit, according to an embodiment. 
         FIG.  6    is a timeline for provision of separation notifications for a mobile device that is in an untrusted, known location, according to an embodiment. 
         FIG.  7    is a timeline for provision of separation notifications while a mobile device is in transit, according to an embodiment. 
         FIG.  8    is a timeline for provision of separation notifications for a mobile device that is in an untrusted, known location, according to an embodiment. 
         FIG.  9    is a flow diagram illustrating bookkeeping, which may be used in some embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG.  10    is a flow diagram illustrating provision of separation notifications for leashed accessory devices, in an embodiment. 
         FIGS.  11 A and  11 B  are flow diagrams illustrating provision of separation notifications, in an embodiment. 
         FIG.  12    is a flow diagram illustrating a beacon scan, in an embodiment. 
         FIG.  13    is a flow diagram illustrating provision of separation notifications for non-leashed accessory devices, in an embodiment. 
         FIG.  14 - 18    illustrate a device locator UI, according to an embodiment. 
         FIG.  19    is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary API architecture, which may be used in some embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG.  20    is a block diagram of a device architecture for a mobile or embedded device, according to an embodiment. 
         FIG.  21    is a block diagram of a computing system, according to an embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Embodiments described herein provide techniques to enable separation notifications and locator services for lost or misplaced devices or items. In various embodiments, description is made with reference to figures. However, certain embodiments may be practiced without one or more of these specific details, or in combination with other known methods and configurations. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth, such as specific configurations, dimensions and processes, etc., in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. In other instances, well-known semiconductor processes and manufacturing techniques have not been described in particular detail in order to not unnecessarily obscure the embodiments. Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, configuration, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrase “in one embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, configurations, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. 
     In the discussion that follows, a computing device that includes a touch-sensitive display is described. It should be understood, however, that the computing device may include one or more other physical user-interface devices. The various applications that may be executed on the device may use at least one common physical user-interface device, such as the touch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitive surface as well as corresponding information displayed on the device may be adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physical architecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the device may support the variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and transparent. 
     Some processes are described below in terms of some sequential operations. However, it should be appreciated that some of the operations described may be performed in a different order. Moreover, some operations may be performed in parallel rather than sequentially. 
       FIG.  1    is a block diagram of a network operating environment  100  for mobile devices, according to an embodiment. The network operating environment  100  includes multiple mobile devices, such as an accessory device with mobile device  102 A and mobile device  102 B. The mobile devices  102 A- 102 B can each be any electronic device capable of communicating with a wireless network and a wireless accessory device. Some example mobile devices include but are not limited to a smartphone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a wearable computer (e.g., smartwatch or other wearable computing accessory), a mobile media player, a personal digital assistant, earpods, locator tags, headphones, head mounted display, health equipment, and other similar devices. Each of mobile device  102 A and mobile device  102 B optionally can include a user interface, such as user interface  104  of mobile device  102 B. In other embodiments, mobile device  102 A, as an accessory device, may not have a user interface. Mobile device  102 A may be a third-party device that utilizes an application programming interface to access device locator services. The third-party device may be provided by a different device manufacturer or be part of a different ecosystem (e.g., operating system) from mobile device  102 A and  102 B. Mobile device  102 A and mobile device  102 B can communicate over one or more wired and/or wireless networks  110  to perform data communication. For example, a wireless network  112  (e.g., cellular network, Wi-Fi network) can communicate with a wide area network  114 , such as the Internet, by use of a gateway  116 . Likewise, an access device  118 , such as a mobile hotspot wireless access device, can provide communication access to the wide area network  114 . The gateway  116  and access device  118  can then communicate with the wide area network  114  over a combination of wired and/or wireless networks. 
     In some implementations, both voice and data communications can be established over the wireless network  112  and/or the access device  118 . For example, mobile device  102 A can place and receive phone calls (e.g., using VoIP protocols), send and receive e-mail messages (e.g., using POP3 protocol), and retrieve electronic documents and/or streams, such as web pages, photographs, and videos, over the wireless network  112 , gateway  116 , and wide area network  114  (e.g., using TCP/IP or UDP protocols). In some implementations, mobile device  102 A can place and receive phone calls, send and receive e-mail messages, and retrieve electronic documents over the access device  118  and the wide area network  114 . In some implementations, mobile device  102 A or mobile device  102 B can be physically connected to the access device  118  using one or more cables, for example, where the access device  118  is a personal computer. In this configuration, mobile device  102 A or mobile device  102 B can be referred to as a “tethered” device. In one embodiment, mobile device  102 A can communicate with mobile device  102 B via a wireless peer-to-peer connection  120 . The wireless peer-to-peer connection  120  can be used to synchronize data between the devices. 
     Mobile device  102 A or mobile device  102 B can communicate with one or more services, such as a telephony service  210 , a messaging service  140 , a media service  150 , a storage service  160 , and a device locator service  170  over the one or more wired and/or wireless networks  110 . For example, the telephony service  130  can enable telephonic communication between mobile device  102 A and mobile device  102 B, or between a mobile device and a wired telephonic device. The telephony service  130  can route voice over IP (VoIP) calls over the wide area network  114  or can access a cellular voice network (e.g., wireless network  112 ). The messaging service  140  can, for example, provide e-mail and/or other messaging services. The media service  150  can, for example, provide access to media files, such as song files, audio books, movie files, video clips, and other media data. The storage service  160  can provide network storage capabilities to mobile device  102 A and mobile device  102 B to store documents and media files. The device locator service  170  can enable a user to locate a lost or misplaced device that was, at least at some point, connected to the one or more wired and/or wireless networks  110 . Other services can also be provided, including a software update service to update operating system software or client software on the mobile devices. In one embodiment, the messaging service  140 , media service  150 , storage service  160 , and device locator service  170  can each be associated with a cloud service provider, where the various services are facilitated via a cloud services account associated with the mobile devices  102 A- 102 B. 
     Mobile device  102 A- 102 B may have applications, services, and functionality locally accessible on the devices including location services  180 . In particular, devices  102 A- 102 B may have a device locator application (e.g., a “Find my” application)  190  to utilize device locator services  170  and location services  180 . Locally accessible data may be stored on known locations  182  and safe or trusted locations  184 . In some instances, machine learning algorithms  186  may be used to identify known locations  182 , and/or trusted locations  184 . Although cluster analysis is provided as an example of machine learning algorithms that may be used, those with skill in the art will recognize that other algorithms may be used to identify potential known or trusted locations. By way of example, cluster data analysis may be used to identify and classify and provide semantic labels for locations, such as locations frequented by a user. Particular safe or trusted locations  184  may be designated explicitly or confirmed as such by a user of the device  102 A-B after data analysis. In other instances, the known locations  182  or the trusted locations  184  may be classified offline and provided by device locator service  170  or a third-party (e.g., a database with map information). 
     On-device heuristics and/or machine learning models may be used to infer relationships between a user and locations based on analysis of the locally stored data of frequented locations. For example, a frequently visited location such as a home, a vehicle, a workplace, and/or any other location may be designated as a trusted location  184  by the user. Known locations  182  may be business locations, public spaces, parks, museums, and/or any other location that may be frequented by a user. Boundary information for the respective stored locations may be stored along with classification type for the location and any semantic label assigned to the location. Stored information may include a defined set of boundaries or a radius distance around a point location to allow for creation of a geofence for the location. The geofence is a virtual perimeter for a real-world geographic area. Global positioning system (GPS) may be used to create a virtual fence around a location and track the physical location of the mobile device  102 A-B within the geofence boundary as well as entry and exit of the bounded area. 
     Machine learning algorithms  186  may include on-device heuristics, machine learning algorithms, or a combination thereof to analyze and assign a label regarding movement or travel of a device to be designated as being “in transit” state or “settled” state in a particular location for a period of time. Analysis may be performed using a variety of signals from data sources available to the mobile device  102 B, including, but not limited to, the following: sensor data, positioning data, calendar data, transit card usage data, application data, historical data on patterns/routines of travel, and/or any other data accessible to the mobile device  102 B. In some embodiments, a mobile device  102 B may be classified with a “settled” semantic label after remaining within the geographic boundaries that define a location (e.g., the trusted location  184 ) for a defined period of time. In the simplest case, positioning data for the mobile device  102 B may remain within the boundaries of a geofence for a particular location for a duration of time (e.g., 5 minutes). Sensor data, such as accelerometer data, may indicate that the mobile device  102 B is at rest to support an inference of being settled. Application data may support the inference that the mobile device  102 B is settled, such as the mobile device being located at a calendar appointment location. Application data indicating a type of application in use may also provide an inference of the device being settled, such as using a media application. Historical data for the user on routines or patterns in travel may be used to determine whether the mobile device  102 B is settled, such as a bedtime routine at a home or hotel location. Mobile device  102 B may be classified as with an “in transit” label based on prior behavior, patterns, or routines for the user and analyzed on mobile device  102 B. For example, the user may have routine of going to work around the same time every day and an “in transit” state may be assigned if the data on the device supports that the pattern is being repeated. In the simplest case, a speed at which the mobile device is moving or entering and exiting known geographic areas (e.g., using geofences) may allow for the inferring that the mobile device  102 B is in transit. If the mobile device  102 B is detected as accelerating in known areas of transit (e.g., on roads, highways, train routes, etc.), then the mobile device  102 B may be given the status of “in transit.” Similarly, if transit applications/cards are used/in use, then the mobile device  102 B may be designated as “in transit”. 
       FIG.  2    illustrates a system  200  to locate a wireless accessory  201 , according to an embodiment. In one embodiment, the wireless accessory  201  is an accessory device  102 A and includes one or more wireless transceivers and can communicate, either directly or indirectly (e.g., through another device or computer) with a companion device (e.g., mobile device  102 B) over a wireless network or peer-to-peer communication link. Some examples of wireless accessory devices include but are not limited to wireless earbuds, headphones, headsets, fitness equipment, and other wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches, fitness bands, optical head-mounted displays). The wireless accessory  201  can also include other wireless devices such as game controllers or remote controls. The wireless accessory  201 , in one embodiment, also includes smartphones, tablet computers, laptop computers, smart speaker devices, televisions, or television set top boxes that at least temporarily are unable to access a wide area network, such as the Internet (e.g., wide area network  114  as in  FIG.  1   ). The wireless accessory can also be any other wireless device, including beacons or locator tags that can be attached to other devices to enable the tracking or locating of those devices. In one embodiment, the wireless accessory  201  can be paired with the mobile device  102 B using a wireless technology standard, such as but not limited to Bluetooth. The wireless accessory  201  can also communicate with the mobile device  102 B over wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi direct, Zigbee, or AirPlay. While the companion device to which the wireless accessory  201  is paired is generally referred to as a mobile device  102 B, companion devices are not limited to mobile devices. Companion devices, in some embodiments, can also include laptop or desktop devices and can additionally include some wearable accessories, such as but not limited to a smart watch device or a wearable display. 
     In one embodiment, the wireless accessory  201  can periodically transmit a wireless beacon signal. The wireless accessory  201  can transmit the beacon signal using one of a variety of wireless technologies described herein (e.g., Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, etc.) and in one embodiment can also beacon using an ultra-wide band (UWB) radio technology. The beacon signal can be transmitted using a single wireless technology, one of multiple selectable wireless technologies, or multiple simultaneous wireless technologies. The beacon signal can transmit a beacon identifier that includes information to specifically identify the wireless accessory  201 . In one embodiment, the beacon identifier is a public encryption key associated with the device. 
     The beacon signal can also convey information about the wireless accessory  201 , such as a beacon type, device classification, battery level. In one embodiment the beacon signal can also convey device status, such as a lost status, alarm status, separated from owner, or a near-owner status. The beacon signal can also include information that specifies battery life, charging status, and/or other status information. The lost or “separated from owner” status can indicate that the wireless accessory  201  has determined itself to be lost or has been placed into a lost state by the owner of the device. The alarm status can indicate that the wireless accessory  201  was placed in a state that the device should trigger an alarm if moved from a current location. The near-owner status can indicate that the wireless accessory  201  has detected the nearby presence of the mobile device  102 B associated with the owner of the accessory. 
     In some embodiments, the beacon signal can be detected by a finder device (not shown), which is locally proximate to the wireless accessory  201  in order to use crowdsourcing to locate a lost wireless accessory  201 . The finder device can be a similar device as the mobile device  102 B and can receive and transmit data over a wide area network  114  and/or receive and transmit using similar wireless technologies as the wireless accessory  201  (e.g., Bluetooth, etc.). In particular, the finder device can receive data using the wireless protocol over which the beacon signal is transmitted. The finder device can determine a location using one or more location and/or positioning services including, but not limited to a satellite positioning service  206  or a terrestrial positioning system using RF signals received from wireless base stations  205  such as Wi-Fi access points or cell tower transmitters of a cellular telephone network. In an embodiment, the finder device periodically stores its location as determined based on the one or more location and/or positioning services. The stored location can be associated with a timestamp for which the location was determined. When the finder device receives a beacon signal from the wireless accessory  201 , the finder device can transmit a location for the finder device over the wide area network  114  to a device locator server  203 . The timestamp for a determined location for the finder device can be correlated with a timestamp for which a beacon signal was received to associate a geographic location with a received beacon signal. 
     Where the wireless accessory  201  provides a public key within the beacon signal, the finder device can encrypt the determined location data and transmit the encrypted location data to the device locator server  203  over the wide area network  114 . In one embodiment, additional data can either be encrypted and transmitted along with the location data or transmitted unencrypted to the device locator server  203 . For example, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) for the beacon signal can be transmitted along with the location data. The RSSI data can then be used to determine the distance of the wireless accessory  201  from the finder device and assist in triangulation on the owner device. Where the RSSI data is transmitted in an unencrypted state, in one embodiment the server can use RSSI information to reduce noise by discarding very weak signals if other, stronger signals are present. In one embodiment, UWB ranging data can also be provided, where such data is available. 
     In one embodiment, the finder device can behave differently upon receiving a beacon signal from a wireless accessory  201  depending upon a device status conveyed by the wireless accessory  201 . For standard beacon signals, the finder device can place encrypted location data into a queue and transmit the location data to the device locator server  203  during a periodic transmission window. However, if the wireless accessory  201  is indicating an alarm state, the finder device can transmit the location data to the device locator server  203  immediately. Additionally, the finder device may not transmit the location data to the device locator server  203  if the beacon signal of the wireless accessory  201  indicates that the accessory is near the owner of the accessory. Alternatively, the finder device may delay transmission of encrypted location data. 
     If the owner of the wireless accessory  201  wishes to locate the wireless accessory, the owner can access a device locator user interface  204  on the mobile device  102 B. The device locator user interface  204  can be associated with a device locator application that is used to locate electronic devices and accessories that are registered with an online account of the user, such as a cloud services account or another type of online account. The device owner, using the device locator UI  204 , can query the device locator server  203  for location data that may have been transmitted to the device locator server by a finder device of the wireless accessory  201 . In one embodiment, the mobile device  102 B can transmit the public encryption key associated with the wireless accessory  201  to the device locator server  203 . The device locator server  203  can then return any stored location data that corresponds with the public encryption key. The location data returned to the mobile device  102 B can be encrypted data that is encrypted by the finder device using the public encryption key. The mobile device  102 B can use an associated private key to decrypt the encrypted location data. The decrypted location data can then be processed by the mobile device  102 B to determine a most probable location for the wireless accessory  201 . In various embodiments, the most probable location for the wireless accessory  201  can be determined by triangulation from multiple received locations and using other data, such as a beacon signal RSSI associated with each location and timestamp or UWB ranging data included within the location data. 
       FIG.  3    illustrates a system  300  for pairing and locating a wireless accessory, according to embodiments described herein. In one embodiment a mobile device  102 B of a user of the wireless accessory  201  (e.g., example of device  102 A) can present an accessory pairing UI  302  by which the user can pair the mobile device  102 B with the wireless accessory  201 . During an initial pairing ( 305 ) between the mobile device  102 B and the wireless accessory  201 , a public key exchange ( 310 ) can be performed between the mobile device and the wireless accessory  201 . In one embodiment, during the public key exchange ( 310 ) the mobile device  102 B and the wireless accessory  201  exchange public keys of public key pairs generated by the device and the wireless accessory  201 . In one embodiment the public key exchange ( 310 ) is a one-way transfer, in which the mobile device  102 B transmits a public key of a public/private key pair to the wireless accessory  201 . Alternatively, or additionally, the public key exchange ( 310 ) may be a Diffie-Hellman key exchange in which the device and the accessory establish a shared secret between two parties. In one embodiment, the public key exchange ( 310 ) additionally uses elliptic curve cryptography to establish the shared secret. For example, Elliptic-curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) can be used to enable the establishment of a public key pair and one or more shared secrets. In one embodiment, the one or more shared secrets include an anti-tracking secret, which can the wireless accessory  201  to periodically derive additional public keys. 
     After the wireless accessory  201  has been paired with the mobile device  102 B, the wireless accessory  201  can periodically broadcast a beacon signal  301  that includes device status information and a beacon identifier. In one embodiment the beacon identifier is a public key derived from a shared secret that is established during the public key exchange ( 310 ). Additionally, the wireless accessory  201  can periodically perform a public key derivation ( 315 ) to generate a new public key and begin broadcasting the new public key as the beacon identifier. The public key is a K-byte key, with a new K-byte key generated every M minutes. The value K and M can vary between embodiments. In one embodiment, a K value of 28 bytes is used. In one embodiment, a K value of 27 bytes is used. The value K can be determined at least in part based on the beacon length associated with the wireless protocol used to transmit the beacon signal  301 . In one embodiment, the beacon signal can transmit a variant of beacon advertisement packet associated with a low-energy radio protocol, such as Bluetooth Low Energy. 
     The value M, in one embodiment, is 15 minutes, such that a new K-byte key is generated every 15 minutes. The public key can be derived deterministically based on a timestamp and an anti-tracking secret generated during the public key exchange  310 . The public key derivation ( 315 ) process enables the wireless accessory  201  to use different keys over time, preventing the long-term association with a specific key with a specific device. The key can be derived based on an anti-tracking secret known only to the mobile device  102 B and the wireless accessory  201 , allowing the mobile device  102 B, and only the mobile device, to determine which public key will be broadcast by the wireless accessory  201  at any given timestamp. The anti-tracking secret can be generated along with an ECDH public key and transferred to the wireless accessory  201 . The anti-tracking secret can then be used to enable the wireless accessory  201  to generate a sequence of public keys P i . In one embodiment, the sequence of public keys P i =λ i ·P, which defines a group operation between a scalar or exponent value λ i  and group elements, such as, for example, Elliptic Curve points P. The scalar or exponent value λ=KDF(AT, i), where KDF is a key derivation function, AT is the anti-tracking secret, and i is a counter or timestamp. 
     In one embodiment, backtracking resistance can be enabled to protect the anti-tracking secret in the event the wireless accessory  201  is compromised. When backtracking resistance is enabled, the anti-tracking secret is transferred to the wireless accessory  201  but is not retained by the wireless accessory. Instead, the accessory computes a value λ i+1 =H(λ i ∥time), with λ 0 =AT and H being a cryptographic hash function. The wireless accessory  201  then stores λ i  for a given time period i. If the wireless accessory  201  is compromised, only λ i  for current and future values of i is exposed, without exposing the anti-tracking secret AT. In one embodiment, backtracking resistance is performed by periodically writing λ i  to non-volatile memory of the wireless accessory  201 . 
     In one embodiment the wireless accessory  201  can transmit the beacon signal  301  every two seconds, although other beacon rates can be used, and the beacon rate can vary under certain circumstances. For example, the wireless accessory  201  can decrease a beacon rate when in a near-owner state. Beacon rate can also vary based on accelerometer triggered events. For example, the wireless accessory  201  can increase the beacon rate when in an alarm state, which can be triggered by the accelerometer on the wireless accessory  201 . 
     The wireless accessory  201  can enter the near-owner state if, after transmitting the beacon signal  301 , the wireless accessory  201  receives a reply from the mobile device  102 B associated with the user of the accessory, which indicates that the mobile device  102 B is within range of the wireless accessory. Additionally, while the wireless accessory is in the near-owner state, the amount of data transmitted by the beacon signal  301  may be reduced. In one embodiment, the rate at which new public keys are generated can also be reduced while the wireless accessory is in the near-owner state. 
     The wireless accessory  201  can enter an alarm state upon receiving a message from the mobile device  102 B that indicates that the wireless accessory  201  should enter the alarm state. When in the alarm state, the wireless accessory can initially enter an armed state in which the wireless accessory  201  can reduce or cease the transmission of locator beacon signals, although other types of wireless signaling can persist. The wireless accessory  201  can remain in the armed state until the state is deactivated by the mobile device  102 B or alarm is triggered. The alarm can be triggered, in one embodiment, upon detection of movement, for example, via an accelerometer within the wireless accessory  201 . The alarm can also be triggered, in one embodiment, upon detection that the wireless accessory has moved out of range of the mobile device and is no longer in the near-owner state. When the alarm is triggered, the rate at which the beacon signal  301  can be increased, to increase the speed by which the wireless accessory  201  can be located. 
     The beacon signal  301  transmitted by the wireless accessory  201  can be detected by a set of finder devices  303  and/or the mobile device  102 B, which are other electronic devices that can receive the beacon signal transmitted by the wireless accessory and are transmit location and other data associated with the beacon signal  301  to the device locator server  203  via the wide area network  114 . In one embodiment the set of finder devices  303  include variants of the mobile device  102 B or can be other types of electronic devices. For example, the set of finder devices can perform operations ( 320 ) to correlate the beacon signal  301  received from the wireless accessory  201  with a device location associated with the finder device. As described with respect to  FIG.  2   , the device location can be determined via a satellite positioning service or a terrestrial positioning system that uses RF signals received from wireless base stations (e.g., Wi-Fi access points or cell tower transmitters). In one embodiment the set of finder devices  303  can also include stationary devices such as smart speaker devices, televisions, or television set top boxes that can receive the beacon signal  301 . 
     The set of finder devices  303  can encrypt the location data with the beacon identifier (e.g., public key) received within the beacon signal  301  and send the location data ( 325 ) to the device locator server  203 . The data sent by the set of finder devices  303  is send anonymously and no identifying information for the finder devices is stored with the data sent by the finder devices. 
     The device locator server  203  can store encrypted location data in a data store  304 , which in one embodiment can be a distributed database having multiple nodes. Hashes of the beacon identifier/public key of an accessory can be sent along with encrypted location data. The encrypted location data can be stored to a database node based on a hash of the beacon identifier. The encrypted location data can be indexed by the device locator server  203  using the hash of the beacon identifier. Sending the hash of the beacon identifier instead of the full beacon identifier prevents the storage of the full beacon identifier to the server. Other information can also be sent and stored with the location data, either in an encrypted or unencrypted state. The other information can include timestamps for when the beacon signal  301  was received, RSSI information for the received beacon, and/or ranging information determined, for example, via UWB ranging. 
     When the user or owner of the wireless accessory  201  wishes to locate the accessory, the user or owner can access the device locator UI  204  on the mobile device  102 B. The device locator UI  204  can be associated with a locator application  190  or feature of the mobile device  102 B. The device locator UI  204  may also have a web-based interface that can be accessed from the mobile device  102 B or another type of electronic device, such as a laptop or desktop device. The mobile device  102 B, upon loading the device locator UI  204 , can send a request ( 330 ) for location data to the device locator server  203 . The request  330  can include a set of public keys or public key hashes, which can serve as beacon identifiers for the beacon data. The mobile device  102 B can generate the set of public keys based on the secret information held by the mobile device  102 B and the wireless accessory  201  and the timestamps over which the mobile device  102 B wishes to receive location data. In one embodiment the set of public keys is the sequence of public keys P i  that are generated based on the anti-tracking secret. The sequence of public keys P i  corresponds to a matching sequence of private keys d i . The mobile device  102 B can generate the sequence of public keys, as well as the corresponding sequence of public keys d i , where i is a counter or timestamp. In one embodiment, the mobile device  102 B can generate and send the previous 24 hours of public keys (or hashes of the 24 hours of public keys) within the request  330 . If no data is found for 24 hours of public keys, the mobile device  102 B can send generate keys for an earlier period, back to a pre-determined location data retention limit. 
     In one embodiment the encrypted location data is stored and indexed based on a hash of the public key instead of the public key to prevent the provider of the location service data from storing data that can be used to tie the encrypted location data to a specific device, and thus a specific user or user account. The finder device can send the hash of the public key that is broadcast within the beacon signal  301  associated with an observation location. The owner of the device can query the device locator server  203  using a hash of the public key that is determined for a query period. 
     In some embodiments, if a location query is to be performed via the web-based interface from an electronic device, such as a laptop or desktop device, keys to enable the decryption of the location data may be required to be sent to the electronic device. In one embodiment, decryption keys for the location data may be sent to the server that provides the web-based interface to enable the server to decrypt location data, at least while the location data is being viewed through the web-based interface. Before location data is displayed via the web-based interface, a notice may be presented to inform the user that location decryption keys are being temporarily shared with the web-based interface server to enable location data to be decrypted and presented. In one embodiment, the sharing of the location decryption keys can be performed via an automatic and temporarily delegation of location query rights with a proxy account associated with the web-based interface. 
     In one embodiment, the wireless accessory  201  can be placed in a light lost mode. In the light lost mode, a set of future public keys can be generated for the wireless accessory and transmitted to the device locator server  203 . The device locator server  203  can then notify the mobile device  102 B if any location data is received that correspond with a key in the set of future public keys. In one embodiment, a finder device that sends a location for a wireless accessory that is in the light lost mode can be directed by the device locator server  203  to relay a message to the wireless accessory  201  that notifies the wireless accessory that it is in the light lost mode. A similar mechanism can be used to relay a message to the wireless accessory  201  that places the accessory in an explicit lost mode. The explicit lost mode can be enabled by the user via the device locator UI  204 . In the explicit lost mode, the wireless accessory  201  cannot be paired with another device unless unlocked by the owner. Additional examples of paired devices using location services may be found in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/543,227 filed Aug. 16, 2019 entitled “A System and Method for Locating Wireless Accessories,” which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
       FIG.  4    is a flow diagrams illustrating methods for use with the device locator systems described herein.  FIG.  4 A  illustrates a method  400  to pair a mobile device with a wireless accessory. Aspects of the description of the operations below refers to the mobile device  102 B, wireless accessory  201  (e.g.,  102 A) and device locator server  203 . 
     As shown in  FIG.  4   , method  400  includes an operation (block  401 ) that performs an initial pairing with a wireless accessory. The initial pairing can be a Bluetooth pairing or another type of pairing using other wireless radio technologies. During the initial pairing, the mobile device and the wireless accessory can exchange identifiers, passkeys, or other credentials that enables a wireless data exchange to be performed between a mobile or another electronic device and the wireless accessory. On one embodiment the initial paring with the wireless accessory can include the exchange of credentials associated with the wireless protocol for which the pairing is performed, allowing all data exchanged wirelessly to have at least a first layer of encryption. 
     The mobile device can then generate a public/private key pair and one or more additional shared secrets (block  402 ). The device can then send the public key and one or more additional shared secrets to the wireless accessory (block  403 ). A variety of key generation techniques can be used. In one embodiment, a variant of ECDH is used to generate a public key pair for encryption. In one embodiment, the one or more additional shared secrets can include an anti-tracking secret that enables the wireless accessory to derive a new public key based on an existing public key. 
     After generating the public/private keypair and one or more additional shared secrets, the mobile device can store public/private key pair to keystore (block  404 ). In one embodiment the keystore is a cloud-based keystore that can be synchronized with other devices associated with the same cloud services account, or family of cloud services accounts, to which the mobile device and wireless accessory are associated. The cloud-based keystore allows the wireless accessory to be located by other synchronized devices. The mobile device can then register the wireless accessory with a device management server (block  405 ). Registering the wireless accessory with the device management server can form an association between the wireless accessory and the cloud services account to which the mobile device is associated. The device management server can be associated with other cloud-based servers that are used to facilitate cloud-based services accessible to the mobile device, such as the device locator server  203  of  FIG.  2    and  FIG.  3   . Additional examples of paired devices using location services may be found in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/543,227 filed Aug. 16, 2019 entitled “A System and Method for Locating Wireless Accessories,” which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
       FIG.  5    is a timeline  500  for provision of separation notifications while mobile device  102 B is in transit, according to an embodiment. In an embodiment, mobile device  102 B is paired and has a wireless connection, such as a Bluetooth connection, with accessory device  102 A. As such, accessory device  102 A may be described as being “leashed” to mobile device  102 B. Separation notifications may be provided for the leashed accessory device  102 A while in transit, if the accessory device  102 A exits a trusted location  506  with mobile device  102 B. 
     Entry to a trusted location  502  may be detected  526  when the mobile device  102 B crosses a boundary for a geofence defined and monitored for the trusted location  522 , in an embodiment. As indicated above, trusted locations and untrusted locations information may be accessible on the mobile device  102 B. When a determination is made from positioning information (e.g., GPS) for the mobile device  102 B that the mobile device  102 B has entered the trusted location, the geofence for the trusted location may be established and monitored. In some embodiments, one or more signals may be used to determine whether the mobile device  102 B entered a location, is in a “settled” state at a location, exited the location, or is in a “in transit” state from/to a location. On entry to the trusted location  502 , the wireless connection between accessory device  102 A and mobile device  102 B may be monitored  516 . The wireless connection may continue to be monitored  516  while mobile device  102 B leaves the trusted location  504  and is traveling (e.g., “in transit” state) to an untrusted location  512 . 
     When movement is detected beyond a threshold distance from the trusted location  506  after crossing the geofence border for the trusted location, the mobile device  102 B may be characterized as having exited the trusted location and is in the “in transit” state  508  by the classifier. Bookkeeping  518  may be performed to determine each of the accessory devices  102 A that are near the mobile device  102 B upon exit of the trusted location  506  and traveling with the mobile device  102 B while in the “in transit” state. Bookkeeping may involve recording a status of wireless connection between the mobile device  102 B and each accessory device  102 A determined to be with the mobile device  102 B upon exit  506 . A beacon scan may be performed at increased rate in addition to monitoring each wireless connection to determine each device that is in transit with the mobile device  102 B. In particular, received beacon data from the beacon scan  518  may contain a packet from accessory device  102 A with a status (e.g., near-owner, separated from owner, etc.) for at least one accessory device  102 A. Some embodiments may provide for storage of positioning information associated with a last status for an accessory device  102 A. 
     The wireless connection with the accessory device  102 A may be monitored  516 , and upon detection of a lost wireless connection for the at least one accessory device  102 A, a separation notification may be sent and presented on the user interface  104 , unless the connection is reestablished. In the simplest case, monitoring the wireless connection may entail testing to see if the wireless connection to the at least one accessory device exists (e.g., by attempting to send packets). Bookkeeping may be performed to update the status (e.g., near-owner, separated from owner, etc.) of devices near the mobile device  102 B while in transit. 
     If no loss of wireless connection was detected, then the wireless connection monitoring  516  will cease upon detection of entry to the untrusted location  528 . A geofence for the untrusted location  524  may be monitored to detect entry to the untrusted location  510 . Bookkeeping is again performed  520 , upon exit of the untrusted location  514  to update the status (e.g., near-owner, separated from owner, etc.) of any accessory device  102 A. 
     Although the timeline  500  is presented as providing bookkeeping and separation notifications upon leaving a trusted location  504 , those with skill in the art will recognize that the same provision of separation notifications in timeline  500  may be performed upon exit of untrusted, known locations. In some embodiments, the timeline  500  will repeat upon exit of untrusted location  514  and mobile device  102 B will continue to monitor accessory devices  102 A that were near mobile device  102 B upon exit of trusted location  506 . In yet another embodiment, additional accessory devices obtained upon exit of the untrusted location  514  may be optionally monitored for separation from mobile device  102 B. 
       FIG.  6    is a timeline  600  for provision of separation notifications for a mobile device  102 B that is in a “settled” state in an untrusted, known location  182 , according to an embodiment. In an embodiment, mobile device  102 B is paired and has a wireless connection, such as a Bluetooth connection, with accessory device  102 A. As such, accessory device  102 A may be described as being “leashed” to mobile device  102 B. Separation notifications may be provided for the leashed accessory device  102 A at the untrusted location  182 , if the accessory device  102 A exits the trusted location  606  with mobile device  102 B, in an embodiment. 
     Entry to the trusted location  602  may be detected  626  when the mobile device  102 B crosses a boundary for a geofence monitored for the trusted location  622 , in an embodiment. As indicated above, trusted locations and untrusted locations information may be accessible on the mobile device  102 B. When a determination is made from positioning information (e.g., GPS) for the mobile device  102 B that the mobile device  102 B has entered the trusted location, the geofence for the trusted location may be established and monitored. In some embodiments, one or more signals may be used to determine whether the mobile device  102 B entered a location, is in a “settled” state at a location, exited the location, or is in a “in transit” state from/to a location. On entry to the trusted location  602 , the wireless connection between accessory device  102 A and mobile device  102 B may be monitored  616 . In the simplest case, monitoring the wireless connection may entail testing to see if the wireless connection to the at least one accessory device exists (e.g., by attempting to send packets). The wireless connection may continue to be monitored  616  while mobile device  102 B leaves the trusted location  604  and is traveling (e.g., “in transit” state) to an untrusted location  612 . 
     When movement is detected beyond a threshold distance from the trusted location  606 , the mobile device  102 B may be characterized as having exited the trusted location and is in the “in transit” state  608  by a classifier. Bookkeeping  618  may be performed to determine each of the accessory devices  102 A that are near the mobile device  102 B upon detection of entry of the untrusted location  628  and exit of the untrusted location  620  of the mobile device  102 B with the user. Bookkeeping may involve recording a status of wireless connection between the mobile device  102 B and each accessory device  102 A determined to be with the mobile device  102 B upon entry  610  and exit  614 . A beacon scan may be performed at increased rate in addition to monitoring each wireless connection to determine each accessory device  102 A that is with the mobile device  102 B upon entry to the untrusted location  610  and upon exit  614  from the untrusted, known location  620 . In particular, received beacon data from the aggressive beacon scan  618  and  620  may contain a packet from accessory device  102 A with a status indicating whether at least one accessory device  102 A is near the owner or separated from owner. The wireless connection with the accessory device  102 A may be monitored  616 , and upon detection of a lost wireless connection for the at least one accessory device  102 A, a separation notification may be sent and presented on the user interface  104 , unless the connection is reestablished. Bookkeeping may be performed to update the status of devices near the mobile device  102 B. 
     A geofence for the untrusted location  624  may be monitored to detect entry to the untrusted location  610  and exit  614 . Bookkeeping is again performed  620 , upon exit of the untrusted location  614  to update the status of any accessory device  102 A that was near mobile device  102 B upon exit from the trusted location  604 , such as accessory device  102 A. The status may be updated to indicate if accessory device  102 A has a wireless connection with mobile device  102 B or has lost the connection. The status may also be updated to indicate if beacon data received provided information on status of the accessory device  102 A, such as whether the accessory device  102 A is near-owner or separated from owner. In some embodiments, the timeline  500  will repeat upon exit of untrusted location  614  and mobile device  102 B will continue to monitor accessory devices  102 A that were near mobile device  102 B upon exit of trusted location  606 . 
       FIG.  7    is a timeline  700  for provision of separation notifications while mobile device  102 B is in transit, according to an embodiment. In some embodiments, accessory device  102 A is paired with a device associated with a cloud-based user account, registered with locator services  170  to allow access to location information for the accessory device  102 A, and stored public/private key pair in the synchronized keystore described in relation to  FIG.  4   . Mobile device  102 B may have access to the public/private key pair associated with accessory device  102 A by virtue of the cloud-based keystore for the cloud-based user account. In an embodiment, mobile device  102 B has been paired with accessory device  102 A and has access to the public/private key pair associated with accessory device  102 A. In either case, a relationship or association is formed between mobile device  102 B and accessory device  102 A and mobile device  102 B and accessory device  102 A do not have a wireless connection, such as a Bluetooth connection, with accessory device  102 A. 
     As indicated above, when mobile device  102 B is paired with the accessory device  102 A or has access to the cloud-based keystore, the mobile device  102 B is associated with accessory device  102 A and may have access to locator services  170  location information for accessory device  102 A. Additionally, when mobile device  102 B is paired to accessory device  102 A and/or has access to the cloud-based keystore with the public/private keypair for accessory device  102 A, mobile device  102 B may be established as representing an ownership relationship with accessory device  102 A and beacon signal status regarding ownership (e.g., near-owner and separated from owner) can be provided based off proximity to mobile device  102 B with the relationship. Put another way, accessory device  102 A has a near-owner status when it is near mobile device  102 B and a separated from owner status when it is not proximate to mobile device  102 B. As such, accessory device  102 A may be described as a registered accessory with a relationship or association with mobile device  102 B, but accessory device  102 A is unleashed, disconnected, and/or “not leashed” to mobile device  102 B. Separation notifications may be provided for the registered and unleashed accessory device  102 A while in transit, if the accessory device  102 A exits a trusted location  706  with mobile device  102 B. 
     Entry to a trusted location  702  may be detected  726  when the mobile device  102 B crosses a boundary for a geofence monitored for the trusted location  722 , in an embodiment. As indicated above, trusted locations and untrusted locations information may be accessible on the mobile device  102 B. When a determination is made from positioning information (e.g., GPS) for the mobile device  102 B that the mobile device  102 B has entered the trusted location, the geofence for the trusted location may be established and monitored. In some embodiments, one or more signals may be used to determine whether the mobile device  102 B entered a location, is in a “settled” state at a location, exited a location, or is in a “in transit” state from/to a location. 
     When movement is detected beyond a threshold distance from the trusted location  706  after crossing the geofence border for the trusted location, the mobile device  102 B may be characterized as having exited the trusted location and is in an “in transit” state  708  by a classifier. Bookkeeping  718  may be performed to determine each of the accessory devices  102 A that are near the mobile device  102 B upon exit of the trusted location  706  and traveling with the mobile device  102 B while in the “in transit” state. Bookkeeping may involve recording a status of wireless connection between the mobile device  102 B and each accessory device  102 A determined to be with the mobile device  102 B upon exit  706 . Mobile device  102 B may be limited in the number of wireless connections that the device can have established at any one time. Those with skill in the art will recognize that wireless connection status can change for each device as wireless connections are established, lost, and/or reestablished over time, and bookkeeping is performed to record the wireless connection status for each device. A beacon scan may be performed at increased rate to determine each device that is in transit with the mobile device  102 B. In particular, received beacon data from the beacon scan  718  may contain a packet from accessory device  102 A with a status (e.g., near-owner and separated from owner status) for at least one accessory device  102 A. 
     Repeated beacon scans may be performed such that the accessory device  102 A may be described as monitored  716  with repeated increased beacon scans, and upon detection of a lost accessory device  102 A, a separation notification may be sent and presented on the user interface  104 , unless the connection is reestablished. Bookkeeping may be performed to update the status of devices near the mobile device  102 B while in transit. 
     If no loss of accessory device  102 A was detected, then the wireless connection monitoring  716  will cease upon detection of entry  710  to the untrusted location  728 . A geofence for the untrusted location  724  may be monitored to detect entry to the untrusted location  712 . Bookkeeping is again performed  720 , upon exit of the untrusted location  714  to update the status of any accessory device  102 A. 
     Although the timeline  700  is presented as providing bookkeeping and separation notifications upon leaving a trusted location  704 , those with skill in the art will recognize that the same provision of separation notifications in timeline  700  may be performed upon exit of untrusted, known locations. In some embodiments, the timeline  700  will repeat upon exit of untrusted location  714  and mobile device  102 B will continue to monitor accessory devices  102 A that were near mobile device  102 B upon exit of trusted location  706 . In yet another embodiment, additional accessory devices obtained upon exit of the untrusted location  714  may be optionally monitored for separation from mobile device  102 B. 
       FIG.  8    is a timeline  800  for provision of separation notifications for a mobile device  102 B that is in a “settled” state in an untrusted, known location  812 , according to an embodiment. In some embodiments, accessory device  102 A is paired with a device associated with a cloud-based user account, registered with locator services  170  to allow access to location information for the accessory device  102 A, and stored public/private key pair in the synchronized keystore described in relation to  FIG.  4   . Mobile device  102 B may have access to the public/private key pair associated with accessory device  102 A by virtue of the cloud-based keystore for the cloud-based user account. In an embodiment, mobile device  102 B has been paired with accessory device  102 A and has access to the public/private key pair associated with accessory device  102 A. In either case, a relationship or association is formed between mobile device  102 B and accessory device  102 A and mobile device  102 B and accessory device  102 A does not have a wireless connection, such as a Bluetooth connection, with accessory device  102 A. 
     As indicated above, when mobile device  102 B is paired with the accessory device  102 A or has access to the cloud-based keystore, the mobile device  102 B is associated with accessory device  102 A and may have access to locator services  170  location information for accessory device  102 A. Additionally, when mobile device  102 B is paired to accessory device  102 A and/or has access to the cloud-based keystore with the public/private keypair for accessory device  102 A, mobile device  102 B may be established as representing an ownership relationship with accessory device  102 A and beacon signal status regarding ownership (e.g., near-owner and separated from owner) can be provided based off proximity to mobile device  102 B with the relationship. Put another way, accessory device  102 A has a near-owner status when it is near mobile device  102 B and a separated from owner status when it is not proximate to mobile device  102 B. As such, accessory device  102 A may be described as a registered accessory with a relationship or association with mobile device  102 B, but accessory device  102 A is unleashed, disconnected, and/or “not leashed” to mobile device  102 B. Separation notifications may be provided for the not leashed accessory device  102 A at the untrusted location, if the accessory device  102 A exits the trusted location  806  with mobile device  102 B, in an embodiment. 
     Entry to the trusted location  802  may be detected  828  when the mobile device  102 B crosses a boundary for a geofence monitored for the trusted location, in an embodiment. As indicated above, trusted locations and untrusted locations information may be accessible on the mobile device  102 B. When a determination is made from positioning information for the mobile device  102 B that the mobile device  102 B has entered the trusted location, the geofence for the trusted location may be established and monitored. In some embodiments, one or more signals may be used to determine whether the mobile device  102 B entered a location, is in a “settled” state at a location, exited the location, or is in a “in transit” state from/to a location. When movement is detected beyond a threshold distance from the trusted location  806  after crossing the geofence border for the trusted location, the mobile device  102 B may be characterized as having exited the trusted location  830  and in the “in transit” state  808  by a classifier. 
     Bookkeeping  818  may be performed to determine each of the accessory devices  102 A that are near the mobile device  102 B upon detection of entry of the untrusted location  818  and exit of the untrusted location  820  of the mobile device  102 B with the user. Bookkeeping may involve recording a status of wireless connection between the mobile device  102 B and each device determined to be with the mobile device  102 B upon entry  810  and exit  814 . Mobile device  102 B may be limited in the number of wireless connections that the device can have established at any one time. Those with skill in the art will recognize that wireless connection status can change for each device as wireless connections are established, lost, and/or reestablished over time, and bookkeeping is performed to record the wireless connection status for each device. A beacon scan  818  may be performed at increased rate in addition to monitoring each wireless connection to determine each accessory device that is with the mobile device  102 B upon entry to the untrusted location  810  and upon exit  814  from the untrusted, known location  820 . In particular, received beacon data from the beacon scan  818  and  820  may contain a packet from accessory device  102 A with a status (e.g., near-owner and separated from owner status) indicating whether at least one accessory device  102 A is near the owner or separated from owner. Repeated beacon scans may be performed such that the accessory device  102 A may be described as monitored using one or more aggressive beacon scans, and upon detection of an indication of separation from owner status from beacon data for the at least one accessory device  102 A, a separation notification may be sent and presented on the user interface  104 , unless the connection is reestablished. Bookkeeping may be performed to update the status of devices near the mobile device  102 B. 
     A geofence for the untrusted location  824  may be monitored to detect entry to the untrusted location  832  and exit  834 . Bookkeeping is performed  820 , upon exit of the untrusted location  814  to update the status of any accessory device  102 A that was near mobile device  102 B upon exit from the trusted location  804 , such as accessory device  102 A. The status may be updated to indicate if beacon data received provided information on status of the accessory device  102 A, such as whether the accessory device  102 A is near-owner or separated from owner. In some embodiments, the timeline  700  will repeat upon exit of untrusted location  814  and mobile device  102 B will continue to monitor accessory devices  102 A that were near mobile device  102 B upon exit of trusted location  706 . 
       FIG.  9    is a flow diagram  900  illustrating bookkeeping, which may be used in some embodiments of the invention. Optionally, bookkeeping may be performed when at least one location status change of mobile device  102 B or accessory device  102 A is detected ( 902 ). Those with skill in the art will recognize that bookkeeping for the status of whether a mobile device is near to one or more accessory devices may be done on-demand or with any mobile device  102 B or accessory device  102 A status change. One or more signals may be used to detect a location change, such as crossing a geofence boundary or positioning services. In some embodiments, mobile device  102 B and accessory device  102 A may be detected as proximate to the known location using information from a set of devices that may be used as signals for detecting a location change, such as an entry to a location using a paired door lock or an entry panel, a light switch, a home electronics device, any fixtures, transit card usage, other devices fixed to a location, or any other on-device data collected that may indicate the location of the mobile device  102 B. 
     Next, status on a wireless connection with at least one accessory device  102 A is received ( 904 ) and status information is stored ( 906 ). Any type of status information on the wireless connection may be stored for the mobile device  102 B related to each accessory device  102 A, such as a change in connection state, a loss of connection, an existence of connection, an RSSI measurement value, available wireless connections for the mobile device  102 B at the time of check, and/or any other status information may be stored. For example, each accessory device  102 A with a wireless connection may be given a status of being near-owner for the mobile device  102 B, and each accessory device  102 A that does not have a wireless connection may be given a status of separated from owner. 
     Next, a beacon scan is performed ( 908 ) to collect status information on accessory devices  102 A paired or otherwise associated with the mobile device  102 B. Beacon data may be received ( 910 ) by the mobile device  102 B and may provide an indication as to whether an accessory device  102 A is near-owner, separated from owner, or any other status provided with a beacon signal. Beacon data may provide additional status information including, but not limited to accessory device status, lost status, alarm status, and/or any other status. By way of example, if all of the wireless connection for the mobile device are in use, beacon data for the accessory device  102 A may have a near-owner status and not be wirelessly connected because all available connections are in use for the mobile device  102 B. Information on the at least one accessory device ( 912 ) status derived from the beacon data may be stored. 
     Optionally, a condition may be placed on whether the mobile device  102 B provides separations notifications for particular accessory devices  102 A. If at least one accessory device is near-owner or has a wireless connection to the mobile device  102 B when the user leaves a trusted location ( 914 ), then the separation notifications may be provided for the accessory devices  102 A. Those with skill in the art will recognize that separation notifications may be provided upon leaving trusted locations in addition to untrusted locations as well as accessory devices acquired during transit. 
       FIG.  10    is a flow diagram  1000  illustrating provision of separation notifications for leashed accessory devices, in an embodiment. Movement beyond a threshold distance from a trusted location is detected ( 1002 ). A first geofence may be established for the trusted location and detection of mobile device  102 B beyond a boundary of the first geofence may indicate that the mobile device  102 B has exited the trusted location. In some embodiments, multiple signals are used to determine if the mobile device  102 B has moved beyond a threshold distance from a trusted location, such as location classified as a user&#39;s home. Bookkeeping, as described with  FIG.  9   , may be performed to determine the accessory devices  102 A that are with the user&#39;s mobile device  102 B and update the status information for accessory devices  102 A associated with the mobile device  102 B ( 1004 ). 
     Next, an indication may be received that the mobile device  102 B location status has changed ( 1006 ). If the indication is that the mobile device  102 B is in transit, then the wireless connection of the accessory device  102 A is monitored ( 1008 ). In some embodiments, the classifier on the mobile device  102 B may be used to indicate that the device is the in transit state. Upon detection of a lost wireless connection for the at least one accessory device ( 1016 ), a separation notification may be sent ( 1020 ), if the connection is not reestablished as described below with  FIGS.  11 A and  11 B  ( 1018 ). In some embodiments, a last known location geofence may be established at a last known location. Upon detection of crossing the geofence boundary of a last known location for a threshold period of time, a rate of a beacon scan may be increased as shown in  FIG.  12   . If the threshold period of time (e.g., thirty seconds) has been exceeded, then a separation notification may be presented on the mobile device  102 B. 
     Alternatively, if the indication of device location is that the device is in a known location ( 1006 ), then bookkeeping is performed upon entry to the known location ( 1010 ). A geofence for the known location is monitored and bookkeeping (See  FIG.  9   ) is performed again upon detection of the mobile device crossing the known location geofence boundary ( 1012 ). An aggressive beacon scan is performed as illustrated with  FIG.  12    ( 1014 ). Separation notification is sent ( 1020 ), if the connection is not reestablished ( 1018 ). An aggressive beacon scan as shown with  FIG.  12    is again performed to determine accessory device  102 A status ( 1020 ). 
       FIGS.  11 A and  11 B  are flow diagrams illustrating provision of separation notifications, in an embodiment.  FIG.  11 A  is a flow diagram  1100  illustrates approaches for provision of separation notifications so as to reduce the latency in presenting a relevant separation notification. Upon detection of a lost wireless connection for the at least one accessory device  102 A, a first timer for a first defined period of time (e.g., thirty seconds) may be set ( 1102 ). Upon expiry of the first timer, information is requested on whether the lost wireless connection is reestablished ( 1104 ). If the connection is reestablished ( 1106 ), then the status of the connection is set to established ( 1108 ). Alternatively, the status of the connection is set as not established ( 1110 ). 
       FIG.  11 B  is a flow diagram  1101  illustrates approaches for provision of separation notifications so as to reduce the latency in presenting a relevant separation notification. Upon detection of a lost wireless connection for the at least one accessory device  102 A, a second geofence for a last known location is monitored ( 1112 ). The defined boundaries for the last known location  182  may be accessible by mobile device  102 B. If the mobile device  102 B does not move quickly across the second geofence boundary ( 1114 ), then the status of the connection is set to established ( 1116 ). Alternatively, the status of the connection is set as not established ( 1118 ). 
       FIG.  12    is a flow diagram  1200  illustrating an aggressive beacon scan, in an embodiment. A periodic beacon scan using a wireless baseband processor is performed at a higher duty cycle ( 1201 ), such as 100%. The increased beacon scans are performed both when the accessory device  102 A accessible on or off WAN network. In some embodiments, the rate of the beacon scan is performed every N seconds for M minutes, such as six seconds for every three minutes. The rate is increased to be performed P times, such as three times, more than an expected rate of packets received from the accessory device  102 A being sent every Q seconds, such as every two seconds. Put another way, the beacon scan increased rate of P may be a multiple of the Q seconds of expected receipt of beacon data from accessory device  102 A. In between scans, the wireless baseband processor may be asleep. While the beacon scan can also be performed when the application processor is active, beacon scans can be performed by the wireless processor and a wireless radio receiver as a low power operation while the mobile device  102 B is idle, inactive, or otherwise in a low power state. In some embodiments, the scan may be performed at a higher duty cycle, such as at 100%, to insure capture of the beacon data from nearby devices. 
     In some embodiments, the duration of the increased scan may be configured depending on the particular task, such as detecting accessory devices or monitoring locations of accessory devices  102 A. For example, upon exit from a trusted location  706 , the scan may be performed twice to immediately detect accessory devices  102 A with the mobile device  102 B, as shown in  FIG.  7   . Continuing with  FIG.  7    example, the scan may be performed for a longer duration as shown with “Increased beacon scan”  716  when monitoring the status of the accessory device  102 A. In some embodiments, positioning information, such as GPS, is obtained for the mobile device  102 B to record a last known location for a particular status (e.g., near-owner, separated from owner) of an accessory device  102 A. 
     The beacon id and timestamp for the beacon data is stored ( 1202 ) and the application processor is woken up to process the beacon data ( 1204 ). The beacon id in one embodiment, is a public key that is generated by the wireless device based on a timestamp and a shared secret generated with the mobile device of the owner. Status of a set of accessory devices (e.g., accessory device  102 A) may be determined as “near-owner” or “separated from owner” based on the received beacon data that corresponds to each accessory device ( 1206 ). 
       FIG.  13    is a flow diagram  1300  illustrating provision of separation notifications for non-leashed accessory devices, in an embodiment. In an embodiment, movement beyond a threshold distance from a trusted location  184  is detected. A first geofence may be established for the trusted location and detection of mobile device  102 B beyond a boundary of the first geofence may indicate that the mobile device  102 B has exited the trusted location. In some embodiments, multiple signals are used to determine if the mobile device  102 B has moved beyond a threshold distance from a trusted location, such as location classified as a user&#39;s home. 
     Bookkeeping, as described with  FIG.  9   , may be performed ( 1302 ) to determine the accessory devices  102 A that are with the user and update the status information for accessory devices  102 A associated with the mobile device  102 B ( 1304 ). 
     Next, an indication may be received that the mobile device  102 B location status has changed ( 1306 ). If the indication is that the mobile device  102 B is in transit, then the beacon scan may be increased ( 1308 ). The beacon scanning may be increased upon detection of crossing the geofence boundary for the trusted location. In some embodiments, the classifier on the mobile device  102 B may be used to indicate that the device is in transit. Upon detection of a lost wireless connection for the at least one accessory device ( 1316 ), a separation notification may be sent ( 1320 ), if the connection is not reestablished as described below with  FIGS.  11 A and  11 B  ( 1318 ). In some embodiments, a last known location geofence may be established at a last known location. Upon detection of crossing the geofence boundary of a last known location for a threshold period of time, a rate of a beacon scan may be increased as shown in  FIG.  12   . If the threshold period of time has been exceeded, then a separation notification may be presented on the mobile device  102 B. 
     Alternatively, if the indication of device location is that the device is in a known location ( 1306 ), then bookkeeping is performed upon entry to the known location ( 1310 ). A geofence for the known location is monitored and bookkeeping is performed, upon detection of the mobile device  102 B crossing the known location geofence boundary ( 1312 ). An aggressive beacon scan is performed as illustrated with  FIG.  12   . Separation notification is sent ( 1320 ), if the connection is not reestablished ( 1318 ). An aggressive beacon scan is again performed ( 1320 ). 
       FIG.  14 - 18    illustrate a device locator UI  204 , according to an embodiment.  FIG.  14    shows a first graphical user interface of the device locator UI  204 , according to an embodiment, which shows a notification for various wireless accessories of a user.  FIG.  15    shows a second graphical user interface of the device locator UI  204 , according to an embodiment, which enables a wireless accessory left behind to be viewed on a map, add trusted location, or request cease notifications for items.  FIG.  16    shows a third graphical user interface of the device locator UI  204 , according to an embodiment, which enables a wireless accessory to found on a map.  FIG.  17    shows a third graphical user interface of the device locator UI  204 , according to an embodiment, which enables a wireless accessory to be set to a lost mode or notify when found. 
     As shown in  FIG.  14   , the device locator UI  204  can be displayed on an electronic device  1400 , which can be a mobile device  102 B, or any other type of electronic device described herein. The device locator UI  204  can cause the presentation of separation notifications  1402  on the home screen  1401  of the electronic device  1400 . 
     As shown in  FIG.  15   , the device locator UI  204  can present a unified graphical interface on electronic device  1500  through which multiple different types of devices and accessories can be located, including wireless devices with network or cellular access and wireless accessories without native network access. The device locator UI  204  can include a map  1504  with a marker  1505  that shows the current or last known location of a wireless device or accessory. The marker  1505  can be an icon, image, graphic or any other user interface element that identifies the accessory and conveys a location for the accessory. A selectable element  1506  in the device locator UI  204  can present a description or name of the wireless device or accessory and can show an estimated distance between the wireless device or accessory and the current location of the electronic device  1500  as shown in  FIG.  16   . A selectable element  1503  in the device locator UI  204  can present an interface to allow users to select to add trusted locations and selectable element  1507  can present a user interface to allow users to select not to be notified about the locations of particular items. 
     As shown in  FIG.  16   , the device locator UI  204  can present a second user interface that enables a wireless accessory view the item  1603  and distance from electronic device  1600 . The second user interface can be displayed, in one embodiment, in response to the selection of the selectable element  1506  shown in  FIG.  15   . The second user interface can present a user interface element  1602  that represents and/or describes the wireless accessory in question, as well as the map  1601  and marker  1602  that show the current or last known location of the wireless accessory. 
     As shown in  FIG.  17   , the device locator UI  204  can present a third graphical user interface that enables a wireless accessory to be set to a lost mode. In one embodiment, when a wireless accessory cannot be located via the device locator UI  204 , the map  1701  will not display a marker that indicates a location for the accessory. The device locator UI  204  can present the user interface element  1704  that represents and/or describes the wireless accessory in question and a set of selectable user interface elements. One selectable user interface element  1706  can present the option to notify the user when the accessory is found. When notify when found is enabled, in one embodiment the wireless accessory can be placed into a light lost mode. The electronic device associated with the device locator UI  1704  can generate a set of public keys that the wireless accessory will broadcast with the beacon signal during a future time period (e.g., next 24 hours, next 48 hours, etc.). If a signal is detected by a finder device using one of the future keys, the device locator server can notify one or more electronic devices associated with the user. 
     Another selectable user interface element  1707  can place the wireless accessory into an explicit lost mode. When explicitly placed into lost mode, the wireless accessory will be unable to be paired with other devices until the accessory is unlocked by the user or owner that places the device into lost mode. When sending a request to place a wireless accessory into lost mode, the requesting user can be required to enter authenticating information to ensure that the requesting user is authorized to request that lost mode be initiated on the lost accessory. The authenticating information can include a username or password associated with an account of a user, such as a cloud services account to which the user, electronic device, and wireless accessory are associated. The authenticating information can also include biometric information, such as a fingerprint or facial recognition data. 
     In one embodiment, a message and contact information provided by the requesting user can be displayed on the user device to alert a person who finds the lost wireless accessory on how to contact the requesting user. In one embodiment, the message and contact information can be displayed when another user attempts to pair another electronic device with the lost accessory. 
     As shown in  FIG.  18   , the device locator UI  204  can present a fourth graphical user interface in electronic device  1800  that enables a designation of a known location  1806  shown on map with  1804  to become a trusted location with selection of selectable element  1803 . The device locator UI  204  can present the user interface element  1805  that represents and/or describes the wireless accessory in question. 
       FIG.  19    is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary API architecture, which may be used in some embodiments of the invention. As shown in  FIG.  19   , the API architecture  1900  includes the API-implementing component  110  (e.g., an operating system, a library, a device driver, an API, an application program, software or other module) that implements the API  1920 . The API  1920  specifies one or more functions, methods, classes, objects, protocols, data structures, formats and/or other features of the API-implementing component that may be used by the API-calling component  1930 . The API  1920  can specify at least one calling convention that specifies how a function in the API-implementing component receives parameters from the API-calling component and how the function returns a result to the API-calling component. The API-calling component  1930  (e.g., an operating system, a library, a device driver, an API, an application program, software or other module), makes API calls through the API  1920  to access and use the features of the API-implementing component  1910  that are specified by the API  1920 . The API-implementing component  1910  may return a value through the API  1920  to the API-calling component  1930  in response to an API call. 
     It will be appreciated that the API-implementing component  1910  may include additional functions, methods, classes, data structures, and/or other features that are not specified through the API  1920  and are not available to the API-calling component  1930 . It should be understood that the API-calling component  1930  may be on the same system as the API-implementing component  1910  or may be located remotely and accesses the API-implementing component  1910  using the API  1920  over a network. While  FIG.  19    illustrates a single API-calling component  1930  interacting with the API  1920 , it should be understood that other API-calling components, which may be written in different languages (or the same language) than the API-calling component  1930 , may use the API  1920 . 
     The API-implementing component  1910 , the API  1920 , and the API-calling component  1930  may be stored in a machine-readable medium, which includes any mechanism for storing information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer or other data processing system). For example, a machine-readable medium includes magnetic disks, optical disks, random-access memory; read only memory, flash memory devices, etc. 
       FIG.  20    is a block diagram of a device architecture  2000  for a mobile or embedded device, according to an embodiment. The device architecture  2000  includes a memory interface  2002 , a processing system  2004  including one or more data processors, image processors and/or graphics processing units, and a peripherals interface  2006 . The various components can be coupled by one or more communication buses or signal lines. The various components can be separate logical components or devices or can be integrated in one or more integrated circuits, such as in a system on a chip integrated circuit. 
     The memory interface  2002  can be coupled to memory  2050 , which can include high-speed random-access memory such as static random-access memory (SRAM) or dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) and/or non-volatile memory, such as but not limited to flash memory (e.g., NAND flash, NOR flash, etc.). 
     Sensors, devices, and subsystems can be coupled to the peripherals interface  2006  to facilitate multiple functionalities. For example, a motion sensor  2010 , a light sensor  2012 , and a proximity sensor  2014  can be coupled to the peripherals interface  2006  to facilitate the mobile device functionality. One or more biometric sensor(s)  2015  may also be present, such as a fingerprint scanner for fingerprint recognition or an image sensor for facial recognition. Other sensors  2016  can also be connected to the peripherals interface  2006 , such as a positioning system (e.g., GPS receiver), a temperature sensor, or other sensing device, to facilitate related functionalities. A camera subsystem  2020  and an optical sensor  2022 , e.g., a charged coupled device (CCD) or a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) optical sensor, can be utilized to facilitate camera functions, such as recording photographs and video clips. 
     Communication functions can be facilitated through one or more wireless communication subsystems  2024 , which can include radio frequency receivers and transmitters and/or optical (e.g., infrared) receivers and transmitters. The specific design and implementation of the wireless communication subsystems  2024  can depend on the communication network(s) over which a mobile device is intended to operate. For example, a mobile device including the illustrated device architecture  2000  can include wireless communication subsystems  2024  designed to operate over a GSM network, a CDMA network, an LTE network, a Wi-Fi network, a Bluetooth network, or any other wireless network. In particular, the wireless communication subsystems  2024  can provide a communications mechanism over which a media playback application can retrieve resources from a remote media server or scheduled events from a remote calendar or event server. 
     An audio subsystem  2026  can be coupled to a speaker  2028  and a microphone  2030  to facilitate voice-enabled functions, such as voice recognition, voice replication, digital recording, and telephony functions. In smart media devices described herein, the audio subsystem  2026  can be a high-quality audio system including support for virtual surround sound. 
     The I/O subsystem  2040  can include a touch screen controller  2042  and/or other input controller(s)  2045 . For computing devices including a display device, the touch screen controller  2042  can be coupled to a touch sensitive display system  2046  (e.g., touch-screen). The touch sensitive display system  2046  and touch screen controller  2042  can, for example, detect contact and movement and/or pressure using any of a plurality of touch and pressure sensing technologies, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with a touch sensitive display system  2046 . Display output for the touch sensitive display system  2046  can be generated by a display controller  2043 . In one embodiment, the display controller  2043  can provide frame data to the touch sensitive display system  2046  at a variable frame rate. 
     In one embodiment, a sensor controller  2044  is included to monitor, control, and/or processes data received from one or more of the motion sensor  2010 , light sensor  2012 , proximity sensor  2014 , or other sensors  2016 . The sensor controller  2044  can include logic to interpret sensor data to determine the occurrence of one of more motion events or activities by analysis of the sensor data from the sensors. 
     In one embodiment, the I/O subsystem  2040  includes other input controller(s)  2045  that can be coupled to other input/control devices  2048 , such as one or more buttons, rocker switches, thumb-wheel, infrared port, USB port, and/or a pointer device such as a stylus, or control devices such as an up/down button for volume control of the speaker  2028  and/or the microphone  2030 . 
     In one embodiment, the memory  2050  coupled to the memory interface  2002  can store instructions for an operating system  2052 , including portable operating system interface (POSIX) compliant and non-compliant operating system or an embedded operating system. The operating system  2052  may include instructions for handling basic system services and for performing hardware dependent tasks. In some implementations, the operating system  2052  can be a kernel. 
     The memory  2050  can also store communication instructions  2054  to facilitate communicating with one or more additional devices, one or more computers and/or one or more servers, for example, to retrieve web resources from remote web servers. The memory  2050  can also include user interface instructions  2056 , including graphical user interface instructions to facilitate graphic user interface processing. 
     Additionally, the memory  2050  can store sensor processing instructions  2058  to facilitate sensor-related processing and functions; telephony instructions  2060  to facilitate telephone-related processes and functions; messaging instructions  2062  to facilitate electronic-messaging related processes and functions; web browser instructions  2064  to facilitate web browsing-related processes and functions; media processing instructions  2066  to facilitate media processing-related processes and functions; location services instructions including GPS and/or navigation instructions  2068  and Wi-Fi based location instructions to facilitate location based functionality; camera instructions  2070  to facilitate camera-related processes and functions; and/or other software instructions  2072  to facilitate other processes and functions, e.g., security processes and functions, and processes and functions related to the systems. The memory  2050  may also store other software instructions such as web video instructions to facilitate web video-related processes and functions; and/or web shopping instructions to facilitate web shopping-related processes and functions. In some implementations, the media processing instructions  2066  are divided into audio processing instructions and video processing instructions to facilitate audio processing-related processes and functions and video processing-related processes and functions, respectively. A mobile equipment identifier, such as an International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI)  2074  or a similar hardware identifier can also be stored in memory  2050 . 
     Each of the above identified instructions and applications can correspond to a set of instructions for performing one or more functions described above. These instructions need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures, or modules. The memory  2050  can include additional instructions or fewer instructions. Furthermore, various functions may be implemented in hardware and/or in software, including in one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits. 
       FIG.  21    is a block diagram of a computing system  2100 , according to an embodiment. The illustrated computing system  2100  is intended to represent a range of computing systems (either wired or wireless) including, for example, desktop computer systems, laptop computer systems, tablet computer systems, cellular telephones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) including cellular-enabled PDAs, set top boxes, entertainment systems or other consumer electronic devices, smart appliance devices, or one or more implementations of a smart media playback device. Alternative computing systems may include more, fewer and/or different components. The computing system  2100  can be used to provide the computing device and/or a server device to which the computing device may connect. 
     The computing system  2100  includes bus  2135  or other communication device to communicate information, and processor(s)  2110  coupled to bus  2135  that may process information. While the computing system  2100  is illustrated with a single processor, the computing system  2100  may include multiple processors and/or co-processors. The computing system  2100  further may include memory  2120  in the form of random access memory (RAM) or other dynamic storage device coupled to the bus  2135 . The memory  2120  may store information and instructions that may be executed by processor(s)  2110 . The memory  2120  may also be main memory that is used to store temporary variables or other intermediate information during execution of instructions by the processor(s)  2110 . 
     The computing system  2100  may also include read only memory (ROM)  2130  and/or another data storage device  2140  coupled to the bus  2135  that may store information and instructions for the processor(s)  2110 . The data storage device  2140  can be or include a variety of storage devices, such as a flash memory device, a magnetic disk, or an optical disc and may be coupled to computing system  2100  via the bus  2135  or via a remote peripheral interface. 
     The computing system  2100  may also be coupled, via the bus  2135 , to a display device  2150  to display information to a user. The computing system  2100  can also include an alphanumeric input device  2160 , including alphanumeric and other keys, which may be coupled to bus  2135  to communicate information and command selections to processor(s)  2110 . Another type of user input device includes a cursor control  2170  device, such as a touchpad, a mouse, a trackball, or cursor direction keys to communicate direction information and command selections to processor(s)  2110  and to control cursor movement on the display device  2150 . The computing system  2100  may also receive user input from a remote device that is communicatively coupled via one or more network interface(s)  2180 . 
     The computing system  2100  further may include one or more network interface(s)  2180  to provide access to a network, such as a local area network. The network interface(s)  2180  may include, for example, a wireless network interface having antenna  2185 , which may represent one or more antenna(e). The computing system  2100  can include multiple wireless network interfaces such as a combination of Wi-Fi, Bluetooth®, near field communication (NFC), and/or cellular telephony interfaces. The network interface(s)  2180  may also include, for example, a wired network interface to communicate with remote devices via network cable  2187 , which may be, for example, an Ethernet cable, a coaxial cable, a fiber optic cable, a serial cable, or a parallel cable. 
     In one embodiment, the network interface(s)  2180  may provide access to a local area network, for example, by conforming to IEEE 802.11 wireless standards and/or the wireless network interface may provide access to a personal area network, for example, by conforming to Bluetooth standards. Other wireless network interfaces and/or protocols can also be supported. In addition to, or instead of, communication via wireless LAN standards, network interface(s)  2180  may provide wireless communications using, for example, Time Division, Multiple Access (TDMA) protocols, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) protocols, Code Division, Multiple Access (CDMA) protocols, Long Term Evolution (LTE) protocols, and/or any other type of wireless communications protocol. 
     The computing system  2100  can further include one or more energy sources  2105  and one or more energy measurement systems  2145 . Energy sources  2105  can include an AC/DC adapter coupled to an external power source, one or more batteries, one or more charge storage devices, a USB charger, or other energy source. Energy measurement systems include at least one voltage or amperage measuring device that can measure energy consumed by the computing system  2100  during a predetermined period of time. Additionally, one or more energy measurement systems can be included that measure, e.g., energy consumed by a display device, cooling subsystem, Wi-Fi subsystem, or other frequently used or high-energy consumption subsystem. 
     In some embodiments, the hash functions described herein can utilize specialized hardware circuitry (or firmware) of the system (client device or server). For example, the function can be a hardware-accelerated function. In addition, in some embodiments, the system can use a function that is part of a specialized instruction set. For example, the can use an instruction set which may be an extension to an instruction set architecture for a particular type of microprocessor. Accordingly, in an embodiment, the system can provide a hardware-accelerated mechanism for performing cryptographic operations to improve the speed of performing the functions described herein using these instruction sets. 
     In utilizing the various aspects of the embodiments, it would become apparent to one skilled in the art that combinations or variations of the above embodiments are possible for forming a fan out system in package including multiple redistribution layers. Although the embodiments have been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the appended claims are not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described. The specific features and acts disclosed are instead to be understood as embodiments of the claims useful for illustration.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20211112
Publication Date: 20240827
Grant Date: 20240827
Priority Date: 20210507
Inventors: DETWILER, BENJAMIN A.
MOVVA, Siva Ganesh
ERNST, KATHERINE K.
HERU, Richard Akira
BERGERENGEN, JOHAN O.
WASADA, LANGFORD M.
Erdmann, IV, Ernst Thomas
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H04W4/023", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W76/14", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W4/029", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W76/19", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G08B21/24", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G08B21/182", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F18/24", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W12/64", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W12/63", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W64/00", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W76/19", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W4/80", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W4/12", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W4/029", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W4/023", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W4/021", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F18/24", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06V40/16", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06V40/12", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W12/64", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W12/63", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W8/005", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W60/04", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G08B21/24", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06N20/00", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W4/021", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L67/53", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L67/52", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W4/80", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W4/029", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G08B21/182", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W4/12", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G08B21/24", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W24/04", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W4/023", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W4/021", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W76/14", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W76/19", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W4/029", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W4/023", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G08B21/24", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 81579749