PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-10534154-B2
Application Number: US-201815979765-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Interlock arrangement for attaching a lens barrel to a lens carrier

Abstract:
Various embodiments include an interlock arrangement that may be used to attach a lens barrel to a lens carrier of a camera. In some embodiments, the interlock arrangement may restrict movement of the lens barrel relative to the lens carrier along at least an optical axis. In various examples, the interlock arrangement may include one or more grooves and one or more protrusions. For instance, a groove may be defined by the lens barrel or the lens carrier, and a protrusion may extend from the lens barrel or the lens carrier to at least partially into the groove. In some cases, the interlock arrangement may include an adhesive that at least partially fills gaps within the interlock arrangement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. According to some embodiments, the interlock arrangement may include one or more recesses that provide inlets for the adhesive to be introduced to the gaps within the interlock arrangement.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A device, comprising:
 a lens barrel to hold one or more lens elements that define an optical axis; 
 a lens carrier that attaches to the lens barrel at least partially via an interlock arrangement that restricts movement of the lens barrel relative to the lens carrier along at least the optical axis; 
 wherein the interlock arrangement includes:
 a groove defined by the lens barrel or the lens carrier; 
 a protrusion that extends from the lens barrel or the lens carrier to at least partially into the groove; 
 an adhesive that at least partially fills gaps within the interlock arrangement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier; and 
 a discrete recess defined in a surface of the lens barrel or the lens carrier, wherein the discrete recess is positioned proximate the groove and the protrusion such that the discrete recess provides an inlet for the adhesive to be introduced to the gaps within the interlock arrangement between surfaces of the groove and the protrusion. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The device of  claim 1 , wherein the adhesive includes:
 at least a first portion that is in compression between the lens barrel and the lens carrier when force is applied to the lens barrel in a first direction that is parallel to the optical axis; and 
 at least a second portion that is in compression between the lens barrel and the lens carrier when force is applied to the lens barrel in a second direction that is opposite the first direction. 
 
     
     
       3. The device of  claim 1 , wherein the interlock arrangement forms a channel between the lens barrel and the lens carrier that is sized such that, when the adhesive is introduced via the discrete recess, the adhesive traverses the channel via capillary effect to at least partially fill the gaps within the interlock arrangement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. 
     
     
       4. The device of  claim 1 , wherein the groove is an L-shaped groove formed circumferentially along an outer periphery of the lens barrel or an inner periphery of the lens carrier. 
     
     
       5. The device of  claim 1 , wherein the protrusion extends towards the groove in a direction that is orthogonal to the optical axis. 
     
     
       6. The device of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the groove is a first groove; 
 the protrusion is a first protrusion; 
 the interlock arrangement further comprises:
 a second groove defined by the lens barrel or the lens carrier, wherein the second groove is opposite the first groove with respect to the lens barrel; and 
 a second protrusion that extends from the lens barrel or the lens carrier to at least partially into the second groove, wherein the second protrusion is opposite the first protrusion with respect to the lens barrel. 
 
 
     
     
       7. The device of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the device is a mobile multifunction device; and 
 the device further comprises:
 a display; 
 a camera module, including:
 the lens barrel; 
 the lens carrier; 
 the interlock arrangement; 
 an image sensor configured to capture light passing through the one or more lens elements and convert the captured light into image signals; and 
 a lens actuator to move the lens carrier relative to the image sensor; and 
 
 one or more processors to:
 cause the lens actuator to move the lens carrier relative to the image sensor; and 
 cause the display to present an image based at least in part on one or more of the image signals from the image sensor. 
 
 
 
     
     
       8. A camera module, comprising:
 one or more lens elements that define an optical axis; and 
 a lens barrel that holds the one or more lens elements; 
 a lens carrier; and 
 an interlock arrangement to attach the lens barrel to the lens carrier, wherein the interlock arrangement includes:
 one or more grooves defined by at least one of the lens barrel or the lens carrier; 
 one or more protrusions extending from at least one of the lens barrel or the lens carrier, wherein each respective protrusion of the one or more protrusions extends at least partially into a respective groove of the one or more grooves; 
 an adhesive that at least partially fills gaps within the interlock arrangement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier, wherein one or more portions of the adhesive are in compression when force is applied to the lens barrel in directions parallel to the optical axis; and 
 one or more discrete recesses defined in a surface of the lens barrel or the lens carrier, wherein a discrete recess of the one or more discrete recesses is positioned proximate a corresponding groove and protrusion such that the discrete recess provides an inlet for the adhesive to be introduced to the gaps within the interlock arrangement between surfaces of the groove and protrusion. 
 
 
     
     
       9. The camera module of  claim 8 , wherein the interlock arrangement forms one or more channels between the lens barrel and the lens carrier that are sized such that, when the adhesive is introduced via the one or more discrete recesses, the adhesive traverses the one or more channels via capillary effect to at least partially fill the gaps within the interlock arrangement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. 
     
     
       10. The camera module of  claim 8 , wherein the adhesive includes:
 at least a first portion that is in compression between the lens barrel and the lens carrier when force is applied to the lens barrel in a first direction that is parallel to the optical axis; and 
 at least a second portion that is in compression between the lens barrel and the lens carrier when force is applied to the lens barrel in a second direction that is opposite the first direction. 
 
     
     
       11. The camera module of  claim 8 , wherein:
 the one or more grooves include a first groove defined by the lens carrier; 
 the one or more protrusions include a first protrusion that extends from the lens barrel to at least partially into the first groove; and 
 the discrete recess comprises:
 a first discrete recess defined by the lens barrel and located proximate the first protrusion, wherein the first discrete recess provides a first inlet for the adhesive to be introduced to gaps within the interlock arrangement between surfaces of the first groove and the first protrusion. 
 
 
     
     
       12. The camera module of  claim 11 , wherein:
 the one or more grooves further include a second groove defined by the lens carrier; 
 the one or more protrusions further include a second protrusion that extends from the lens barrel to at least partially into the second groove, the second protrusion opposite the first protrusion with respect to the lens barrel; and 
 the one or more discrete recesses further comprise:
 a second discrete recess defined by the lens barrel and located proximate the second protrusion, wherein the second discrete recess provides a second inlet for the adhesive to be introduced to gaps within the interlock arrangement between surfaces of the second groove and the second protrusion. 
 
 
     
     
       13. The camera module of  claim 8 , wherein:
 the one or more grooves include a first groove defined by the lens barrel; 
 the one or more protrusions include a first protrusion that extends from the lens carrier to at least partially into the first groove; and 
 the lens barrel comprises a shoulder that extends along a plane orthogonal to the optical axis; 
 the discrete recess comprises:
 a first discrete recess defined by the shoulder and located proximate the first groove, wherein the first discrete recess provides a first inlet for the adhesive to be introduced to gaps within the interlock arrangement between surfaces of the first groove and the first protrusion. 
 
 
     
     
       14. The camera module of  claim 13 , wherein:
 the one or more grooves further include a second groove defined by the lens barrel; 
 the one or more protrusions further include a second protrusion that extends from the lens carrier to at least partially into the second groove, the second protrusion opposite the first protrusion with respect to the lens barrel; and 
 the one or more discrete recesses further comprise:
 a second discrete recess defined by the shoulder and located proximate the second groove, wherein the second discrete recess provides a second inlet for the adhesive to be introduced to gaps within the interlock arrangement between surfaces of the second groove and the second protrusion. 
 
 
     
     
       15. A method of assembling a camera module having an interlock arrangement, the method comprising:
 inserting a lens barrel at least partially into a lens carrier such that a protrusion of the interlock arrangement extends from the lens barrel or the lens carrier to at least partially into a first portion of a groove of the interlock arrangement, wherein the groove is defined by the lens barrel or the lens carrier; 
 rotating the lens barrel about an optical axis defined by one or more lens elements held by the lens barrel, such that the protrusion extends at least partially into a second portion of the groove; and 
 dispensing an adhesive into a discrete recess defined in a surface of the lens barrel or the lens carrier, wherein the discrete recess is positioned proximate the groove and the protrusion such that the discrete recess provides an inlet for the adhesive to be introduced to gaps within the interlock arrangement between surfaces of the groove and the protrusion. 
 
     
     
       16. The camera module of  claim 8 , further comprising:
 an image sensor configured to capture light passing through the one or more lens elements; and 
 an actuator to move the lens carrier relative to the image sensor. 
 
     
     
       17. The method of  claim 15 , further comprising:
 adjusting a position of the lens barrel relative to an image sensor to orient the one or more lens elements in an aligned position in which the one or more lens elements are optically aligned with the image sensor, wherein the adjusting occurs during a time period that occurs after the rotating the lens barrel. 
 
     
     
       18. The method of  claim 17 , further comprising:
 curing the adhesive to bond the lens barrel to the lens carrier and to fix the one or more lens elements in the aligned position. 
 
     
     
       19. The method of  claim 15 , wherein:
 the dispensing the adhesive into the discrete recess comprises:
 filling, with a first portion of the adhesive and via capillary effect, a first gap between a first surface of the protrusion and a first surface of the groove; and 
 
 the first portion of the adhesive is in compression when force is applied to the lens barrel in at least a first direction that is parallel to the optical axis. 
 
     
     
       20. The method of  claim 19 , wherein:
 the dispensing the adhesive into the discrete recess further comprises:
 filling, with a second portion of the adhesive and via capillary effect, a second gap between the lens barrel and the groove; and 
 
 the second portion of the adhesive is in compression when force is applied to the lens barrel in at least a second direction that is opposite the first direction.

Description:
This application claims benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/521,196 filed on Jun. 16, 2017, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. To the extent that any incorporated material conflicts with the material expressly set forth herein, the expressly set forth material controls. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Technical Field 
     This disclosure relates generally to an interlock arrangement for attaching a lens barrel to a lens carrier of a camera. 
     Description of the Related Art 
     The advent of small, mobile multipurpose devices such as smartphones and tablet or pad devices has resulted in a need for high-resolution, small form factor cameras for integration in the devices. Some small form factor cameras may include a lens barrel that is threaded so that it can be fastened to another camera component. Furthermore, some small form factor cameras may include a lens barrel that is bonded to another camera component using an adhesive. In some such designs, the bond between the lens barrel and the other camera component may be fragile due to the adhesive being primarily in tension and/or shear under certain circumstances (e.g., a drop event), and therefore the lens barrel may tend to detach from the other camera component. 
     Some small form factor cameras may incorporate optical image stabilization (OIS) mechanisms that may sense and react to external excitation/disturbance by adjusting location of the optical lens on the X and/or Y axis in an attempt to compensate for unwanted motion of the lens. Some small form factor cameras may incorporate an autofocus (AF) mechanism whereby the object focal distance can be adjusted to focus an object plane in front of the camera at an image plane to be captured by the image sensor. In some such autofocus mechanisms, the optical lens is moved as a single rigid body along the optical axis (referred to as the Z axis) of the camera to refocus the camera. 
     SUMMARY OF EMBODIMENTS 
     A device may include a lens barrel and a lens carrier. The lens barrel may hold one or more lens elements that define an optical axis. The lens carrier may be attached to the lens barrel at least partially via an interlock arrangement. In some instances, the interlock arrangement may restrict movement of the lens barrel relative to the lens carrier along at least the optical axis. 
     According to some examples, the interlock arrangement may include a groove and a protrusion. The groove may be defined by the lens barrel or the lens carrier. The protrusion may extend from the lens barrel or the lens carrier to at least partially into the groove. Furthermore, the interlock arrangement may include an adhesive. The adhesive may at least partially fill gaps within the interlock arrangement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. In some embodiments, the interlock arrangement may include a recess defined by the lens barrel and/or the lens carrier. The recess may provide an inlet for the adhesive to be introduced to the gaps within the interlock arrangement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. According to some embodiments, the interlock arrangement may be configured such that, when the adhesive is introduced via the recess, the adhesive travels via capillary effect to at least partially fill the gaps within the interlock arrangement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. 
     In some examples, at least a first portion of the adhesive may be in compression when force is applied to the lens barrel in a first direction. For example, the first direction may be parallel to the optical axis. Additionally, or alternatively, at least a second portion of the adhesive may be in compression when force is applied to the lens barrel in a second direction. For instance, the second direction may be opposite the first direction. 
     Some embodiments include a camera module. The camera module may include one or more lens elements that define an optical axis, a lens barrel that holds the lens elements, a lens carrier, and an interlock arrangement to attach the lens barrel to the lens carrier. According to various embodiments, the interlock arrangement may include one or more grooves, one or more protrusions, and an adhesive. The grooves may be defined by the lens barrel and/or the lens carrier. The protrusions may extend from the lens barrel and/or the lens carrier. For example, each respective protrusion may extend at least partially into a respective groove. The adhesive may at least partially fill gaps within the interlock arrangement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. In various embodiments, one or more portions of the adhesive may be in compression when force is applied to the lens barrel in directions parallel to the optical axis. 
     In some examples, the interlock arrangement may include one or more recesses defined by the lens barrel. For instance, each of the recesses may provide a respective inlet for the adhesive to be introduced to the gaps within the interlock arrangement. In some embodiments, when the adhesive is introduced via the recesses, the adhesive may travel via capillary effect to at least partially fill the gaps within the interlock arrangement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. 
     Some embodiments include a method of assembling a camera module having an interlock arrangement. The method may include inserting a lens barrel at least partially into a lens carrier such that a protrusion of the interlock arrangement extends from the lens barrel or the lens carrier to at least partially into a first portion of a groove of the interlock arrangement. The groove may be defined by the lens barrel or the lens carrier. In some cases, the method may include rotating the lens barrel about an optical axis defined by one or more lens elements held by the lens barrel, such that the protrusion extends at least partially into a second portion of the groove. Furthermore, the method may include dispensing an adhesive into a recess that is formed on the lens barrel to provide an inlet for the adhesive to be introduced to the interlock arrangement. For instance, the adhesive may be dispensed into the recess such that the adhesive travels to at least partially fill gaps within the interlock arrangement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  illustrates a perspective view of an example camera module that includes an example interlock arrangement for attaching a lens barrel to a lens carrier, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a process flow diagram of an example process for attaching a lens barrel to a lens carrier via an interlock arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates a cross-sectional side view of an example camera module that includes an example interlock arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 4A-4B  each illustrate a respective view of an example lens barrel that includes one or more protrusions of an interlock arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG. 4A  shows a perspective view of the lens barrel.  FIG. 4B  shows a top view of the lens barrel. 
         FIG. 5  illustrates a perspective view of an example camera module that includes an example interlock arrangement for attaching a lens barrel to a lens carrier, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 6  illustrates a process flow diagram of an example process for attaching a lens barrel to a lens carrier via an interlock arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 7A-7B  each illustrate a respective cross-sectional side view of an example camera module that includes an example interlock arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 8A-8B  each illustrate a respective view of an example lens barrel that includes one or more grooves of an interlock arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG. 8A  shows a perspective view of the lens barrel.  FIG. 8B  shows a top view of the lens barrel. 
         FIG. 9  illustrates a perspective view of an example camera module that includes an example interlock arrangement for attaching a lens barrel to a lens carrier, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 10  is a flowchart of an example method of assembling a camera module having an interlock arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 11  illustrates a schematic side view of an example camera module having an example voice coil motor (VCM) actuator for moving an optical package that may include an interlock arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 12  illustrates a block diagram of a portable multifunction device that may include a camera, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 13  depicts a portable multifunction device that may include a camera, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 14  illustrates an example computer system that may include a camera, in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     This specification includes references to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment.” The appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner consistent with this disclosure. 
     “Comprising.” This term is open-ended. As used in the appended claims, this term does not foreclose additional structure or steps. Consider a claim that recites: “An apparatus comprising one or more processor units . . . ” Such a claim does not foreclose the apparatus from including additional components (e.g., a network interface unit, graphics circuitry, etc.). 
     “Configured To.” Various units, circuits, or other components may be described or claimed as “configured to” perform a task or tasks. In such contexts, “configured to” is used to connote structure by indicating that the units/circuits/components include structure (e.g., circuitry) that performs those task or tasks during operation. As such, the unit/circuit/component can be said to be configured to perform the task even when the specified unit/circuit/component is not currently operational (e.g., is not on). The units/circuits/components used with the “configured to” language include hardware—for example, circuits, memory storing program instructions executable to implement the operation, etc. Reciting that a unit/circuit/component is “configured to” perform one or more tasks is expressly intended not to invoke 35 U.S.C. § 112, sixth paragraph, for that unit/circuit/component. Additionally, “configured to” can include generic structure (e.g., generic circuitry) that is manipulated by software and/or firmware (e.g., an FPGA or a general-purpose processor executing software) to operate in manner that is capable of performing the task(s) at issue. “Configure to” may also include adapting a manufacturing process (e.g., a semiconductor fabrication facility) to fabricate devices (e.g., integrated circuits) that are adapted to implement or perform one or more tasks. 
     “First,” “Second,” etc. As used herein, these terms are used as labels for nouns that they precede, and do not imply any type of ordering (e.g., spatial, temporal, logical, etc.). For example, a buffer circuit may be described herein as performing write operations for “first” and “second” values. The terms “first” and “second” do not necessarily imply that the first value must be written before the second value. 
     “Based On.” As used herein, this term is used to describe one or more factors that affect a determination. This term does not foreclose additional factors that may affect a determination. That is, a determination may be solely based on those factors or based, at least in part, on those factors. Consider the phrase “determine A based on B.” While in this case, B is a factor that affects the determination of A, such a phrase does not foreclose the determination of A from also being based on C. In other instances, A may be determined based solely on B. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Some embodiments include camera equipment outfitted with an interlock arrangement that may be used to attach a lens barrel to a lens carrier. In various examples, the lens barrel and/or the lens carrier may be threadless, e.g., the lens barrel and the lens carrier may not have a matching pair of male-female threads. 
     In some embodiments, a device may include a lens barrel and a lens carrier. The lens barrel may hold one or more lens elements that define an optical axis. The lens carrier may be attached to the lens barrel at least partially via an interlock arrangement. In some instances, the interlock arrangement may restrict movement of the lens barrel relative to the lens carrier along at least the optical axis. 
     According to some examples, the interlock arrangement may include a groove and a protrusion. As used herein, the term “groove” may refer to a channel that is sized such that the protrusion may fit at least partially into the channel and move along the channel when the lens barrel is inserted into the lens carrier. As used herein, the term “recess” may refer to an opening that is sized and positioned such that when the lens barrel is in a certain position within the lens carrier, a channel is formed such that adhesive may be introduced into a groove through the channel, but the channel is sized such that the protrusion cannot pass through the channel. 
     The groove may be defined by the lens barrel or the lens carrier. The protrusion may extend from the lens barrel or the lens carrier to at least partially into the groove. For instance, the protrusion may extend towards the groove in a direction that is orthogonal to the optical axis. In some cases, the groove may be an L-shaped groove formed circumferentially along an outer periphery of the lens barrel or an inner periphery of the lens carrier. 
     Furthermore, the interlock arrangement may include an adhesive. The adhesive may at least partially fill gaps within the interlock arrangement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. In some embodiments, the interlock arrangement may include a recess defined by the lens barrel and/or the lens carrier. The recess may provide an inlet for the adhesive to be introduced to the gaps within the interlock arrangement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. According to some embodiments, the interlock arrangement may be configured such that, when the adhesive is introduced via the recess, the adhesive travels via capillary effect to at least partially fill the gaps within the interlock arrangement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. For instance, the interlock arrangement may form a channel between the lens barrel and the lens carrier that is sized such that, when the adhesive is introduced via the recess, the adhesive traverses the channel via capillary effect to at least partially fill the gaps within the interlock arrangement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. 
     In some examples, at least a first portion of the adhesive may be in compression when force is applied to the lens barrel in a first direction. For example, the first direction may be parallel to the optical axis. Additionally, or alternatively, at least a second portion of the adhesive may be in compression when force is applied to the lens barrel in a second direction. For instance, the second direction may be opposite the first direction. 
     In some cases, the interlock arrangement may include multiple grooves and multiple protrusions. For instance, the interlock arrangement may include a first groove defined by the lens barrel or the lens carrier, and another groove defined by the lens barrel or the lens carrier. When the lens barrel is attached to the lens carrier via the interlock arrangement, the first groove and the second groove may be opposite one another with respect to the lens barrel. Furthermore, the interlock arrangement may include a first protrusion that extends from the lens barrel or the lens carrier to at least partially into the first groove, and a second protrusion that extends from the lens barrel or the lens carrier to at least partially into the second groove. When the lens barrel is attached to the lens carrier via the interlock arrangement, the first protrusion and the second protrusion may be opposite one another with respect to the lens barrel. 
     In some embodiments, the device may be a mobile device (e.g., a mobile multifunction device). The mobile device may include a camera module. The lens barrel, the lens carrier, and the interlock arrangement may be part of the camera module. The camera module may further include an image sensor configured to capture light passing through the lens elements and convert the captured light into image signals. Furthermore, the camera module may include a lens actuator to move the lens carrier relative to the image sensor (and/or to move the image sensor relative to the lens carrier). The mobile device may further include a display and one or more processors in some embodiments. 
     In some cases, the processors may be configured to cause the lens actuator (e.g., a voice coil motor (VCM) actuator, a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) actuator, etc.) to move the lens carrier relative to the image sensor and/or to move the image sensor relative to the lens carrier, e.g., to provide autofocus and/or optical image stabilization functionality. In some examples, the processors may be configured to cause the display to present an image based at least in part on one or more image signals from the image sensor. 
     In some embodiments, a camera module may include one or more elements that define an optical axis, a lens barrel that holds the one or more lens elements, a lens carrier, and an interlock arrangement to attach the lens barrel to the lens carrier. According to various embodiments, the interlock arrangement may include one or more grooves, one or more protrusions, and an adhesive. The grooves may be defined by the lens barrel and/or the lens carrier. The protrusions may extend from the lens barrel and/or the lens carrier. For example, each respective protrusion may extend at least partially into a respective groove. The adhesive may at least partially fill gaps within the interlock arrangement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. In various embodiments, one or more portions of the adhesive may be in compression when force is applied to the lens barrel in directions parallel to the optical axis. 
     In some examples, the interlock arrangement may include one or more recesses defined by the lens barrel. For instance, each of the recesses may provide a respective inlet for the adhesive to be introduced to the gaps within the interlock arrangement. In some embodiments, when the adhesive is introduced via the recesses, the adhesive may travel via capillary effect to at least partially fill the gaps within the interlock arrangement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. For instance, the interlock arrangement may form one or more channels between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. The channel may be sized such that, when the adhesive is introduced via the recesses, the adhesive traverses the channels via capillary effect to at least partially fill the gaps within the interlock arrangement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. In various embodiments, the channel may include one or more of the gaps within the interlock arrangement. 
     In some cases, at least a first portion of the adhesive may be in compression when force is applied to the lens barrel in a first direction that is parallel to the optical axis. Additionally, or alternatively, at least a second portion of the adhesive may be in compression when force is applied to the lens barrel in a second direction that is opposite the first direction. 
     According to some examples, the grooves may include a first groove defined by the lens carrier. The protrusions may include a first protrusion that extends from the lens barrel to at least partially into the first groove. The interlock arrangement may include a first recess defined by the lens barrel and/or the lens carrier, and located proximate the first protrusion. For instance, the first recess may be located above the first protrusion. The first recess may provide a first inlet for the adhesive to be introduced to gaps within the interlock arrangement between surfaces of the first groove and the first protrusion. In some cases, the grooves may include a second groove defined by the lens carrier. The protrusions may include a second protrusion that extends from the lens barrel to at least partially into the second groove. The second protrusion may be opposite the first protrusion with respect to the lens barrel in some cases. Furthermore, the interlock arrangement may include a second recess defined by the lens barrel and/or the lens carrier, and located proximate the second protrusion. For instance, the second recess may be located above the second protrusion. The second recess may provide a second inlet for the adhesive to be introduced to gaps within the interlock arrangement between surfaces of the second groove and the second protrusion. 
     In some embodiments, the grooves may include a first groove defined by the lens barrel. The protrusions may include a first protrusion that extends from the lens carrier to at least partially into the first groove. The interlock arrangement may include a shoulder that extends from the lens barrel, e.g., along a plane orthogonal to the optical axis. In some examples, the shoulder may be a portion of the lens barrel that extends to overlap a portion of the lens carrier. In some instances, the shoulder may limit the amount the lens barrel may be inserted into the lens carrier. The shoulder may define a first recess located proximate the first groove. For instance, the first recess may be located above the first groove. The first recess may provide a first inlet for the adhesive to be introduced to gaps within the interlock arrangement between surfaces of the first groove and the first protrusion. In some cases, the grooves may include a second groove defined by the lens barrel. The protrusions may include a second protrusion that extends from the lens carrier to at least partially into the second groove. The second protrusion may be opposite the first protrusion with respect to the lens barrel in some instances. Furthermore, the interlock arrangement may include a second recess defined by the shoulder and located proximate the second groove. For instance, the second recess may be located above the second groove. The second recess may provide a second inlet for the adhesive to be introduced to gaps within the interlock arrangement between surfaces of the second groove and the second protrusion. 
     Some embodiments include a method of assembling a camera module having an interlock arrangement. The method may include inserting a lens barrel at least partially into a lens carrier such that a protrusion of the interlock arrangement extends from the lens barrel or the lens carrier to at least partially into a first portion of a groove of the interlock arrangement. The groove may be defined by the lens barrel or the lens carrier. In some cases, the method may include rotating the lens barrel about an optical axis defined by one or more lens elements held by the lens barrel, such that the protrusion extends at least partially into a second portion of the groove. Furthermore, the method may include dispensing an adhesive into a recess that is formed on the lens barrel to provide an inlet for the adhesive to be introduced to the interlock arrangement. For instance, the adhesive may be dispensed into the recess such that the adhesive travels to at least partially fill gaps within the interlock arrangement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. 
     In some embodiments, dispensing the adhesive into the recess may include filling, with a first portion of the adhesive, a first gap between a first surface of the protrusion and a first surface of the groove. For example, the first gap may be filled with the first portion of the adhesive via capillary effect. In some cases, the first portion of the adhesive may be in compression when force is applied to the lens barrel in at least a first direction. For instance, the first direction may be parallel to the optical axis. Additionally, or alternatively, dispensing the adhesive into the recess may include filling, with a second portion of the adhesive, a second gap between the lens barrel and the groove. For example, the second gap may be filled with the second portion of the adhesive via capillary effect. In some cases, the second portion of the adhesive may be in compression when force is applied to the lens barrel in at least a second direction. For instance, the second direction may be opposite the first direction. 
     According to some embodiments, the method may include adjusting a position of the lens barrel relative to an image sensor. For instance, the position of the lens barrel may be adjusted to orient the lens elements in an aligned position in which the lens elements are optically aligned with the image sensor. In some implementations, the position of the lens barrel may be adjusted during a time period that occurs after rotating the lens barrel. Furthermore, in some implementations, the method may include curing the adhesive to bond the lens barrel to the lens carrier and to fix the lens elements in the aligned position. 
     Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that some embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments. 
     It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first contact could be termed a second contact, and, similarly, a second contact could be termed a first contact, without departing from the intended scope. The first contact and the second contact are both contacts, but they are not the same contact. 
     The terminology used in the description herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     As used herein, the term “if” may be construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” may be construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event],” depending on the context. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a perspective view of an example camera module  100  that includes an example interlock arrangement  102  for attaching a lens barrel  104  to a lens carrier  106 , in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, the camera module  100  may include one or multiple features, components, and/or functionality of embodiments described herein with reference to  FIGS. 2-14 . 
     In some embodiments, the lens barrel  104  may hold one or more lens elements  108  (also referred to herein as the “lens  108 ”) that define an optical axis  110 . According to various embodiments, the lens barrel  104  may be a threadless lens barrel. Furthermore, the lens carrier  106  may be a threadless lens carrier. For illustrative purposes,  FIG. 1  shows the camera module  100  in an exploded view in which the lens barrel  104  is not attached to the lens carrier  106 . However, as discussed in further detail herein, the lens barrel  104  may be attached to and/or interlocked with the lens carrier  106  via the interlock arrangement  102 . For instance, a drop-and-turn process may be used to interlock the lens barrel  104  with the lens carrier  106  via the interlock arrangement  102 , e.g., as described below with reference to  FIG. 2 . In various embodiments, the interlock arrangement  102  may restrict movement of the lens barrel  104  relative to the lens carrier  106  along at least the optical axis  110  (e.g., in the +z and −z directions). As such, the interlock arrangement  102  may prevent the lens barrel  104  from detaching from the lens carrier  106  under certain circumstances such as a drop event. 
     According to some embodiments, the interlock arrangement  102  may include one or more grooves  112  and one or more protrusions  114 . For example, a groove  112  may be defined by the lens barrel  104  or the lens carrier  106 . A protrusion  114  may extend from the lens barrel  104  or the lens carrier  106  to at least partially into the groove  112 . In some cases, the protrusion  114  may extend towards the groove  112  in a direction that is orthogonal to the optical axis  110 . Furthermore, the groove  112  may be an L-shaped groove formed circumferentially along an outer periphery of the lens barrel  104  or an inner periphery of the lens carrier  106 .  FIG. 1  shows grooves  112  defined by the lens carrier  106 , and protrusions  114  extending from the lens barrel  104  to at least partially into the grooves  112 . 
     In various examples, the interlock arrangement  102  may include an adhesive (e.g., epoxy, glue, etc.). The adhesive may at least partially fill gaps within the interlock arrangement  102  between the lens barrel  104  and the lens carrier  106 . According to some embodiments, the interlock arrangement  102  may include one or more recesses  116 . For instance, a recess  116  may be defined by the lens barrel  104 . The recess  116  may provide an inlet for the adhesive to be introduced to the gaps within the interlock arrangement  102  between the lens barrel  104  and the lens carrier  106 . For instance, the adhesive may be dispensed into the interlock arrangement  102  via the recess  116 , and the adhesive may travel via capillary effect to at least partially fill gaps within the interlock arrangement  102 . 
     In some instances, at least a first portion of the adhesive may be in compression when force is applied to the lens barrel  104  in a first direction. For example, the first direction may be parallel to the optical axis  110 . Additionally, or alternatively, at least a second portion of the adhesive may be in compression when force is applied to the lens barrel  104  in a second direction. For instance, the second direction may be opposite the first direction. 
     According to some embodiments, the interlock arrangement  102  may include four grooves  112 , four protrusions  114 , and/or four recesses  116 , e.g., as indicated in  FIG. 1 . In some instances, each of the protrusions  114  may extend from the lens barrel  104  to at least partially into a respective groove  112 . In some embodiments, a first pair of protrusions  114  may be located opposite one another with respect to the lens barrel  104 , and a second pair of protrusions  114  may be located opposite one another with respect to the lens barrel  104 . Furthermore, each recess  116  may be located proximate a respective protrusion  114 . For instance, each recess  116  may be located above a respective protrusion  114 . It should be understood, however, that in some embodiments the interlock arrangement  102  may include fewer or more grooves  112 , protrusions  114 , and/or recesses  116 , than shown in  FIG. 1 . It should also be understood that in some embodiments the grooves  112 , protrusions  114 , and/or recesses  116  may be shaped, positioned, and/or oriented differently than shown in  FIG. 1 . 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a process flow diagram of an example process  200  for attaching a lens barrel to a lens carrier via an interlock arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments. For clarity, the following discussion with respect to the process  200  of  FIG. 2  will also refer to elements of  FIG. 1 . It should be understood, however, that in some embodiments the process  200  may include one or multiple features, components, and/or functionality of embodiments described herein with reference to  FIGS. 1 and 3-14 . 
     At  202 , the process  200  may include inserting the lens barrel  104  at least partially into the lens carrier  106 . For instance, the lens barrel  104  may be positioned above the lens carrier  106  and inserted into the lens carrier  106  along a path that substantially follows an axis, e.g., the optical axis  110 . When inserting the lens barrel  104  into the lens carrier  106 , the protrusions  114  may be oriented such that they are each aligned with a respective first portion of a respective groove  114 . In some examples, a first portion of a groove  112  may extend in a first direction, e.g., a direction parallel to the optical axis  110 . In some embodiments, the groove  112  may be formed on one or more inner surfaces of the lens carrier  106 . 
     At  204 , the process  200  may include rotating the lens barrel  104 . For example, the lens barrel  104  may be rotated, relative to the lens carrier  106 , clockwise or counterclockwise about the optical axis  110 . In various embodiments, each of the protrusions  114  may engage a respective groove  112  while the lens barrel  104  is being rotated. For instance, each groove  112  may have a respective second portion that extends in a second direction that is different than the first direction of the respective first portion of the groove  112 . In some examples, the second direction may be orthogonal to the first direction. Additionally, or alternatively, the second direction may extend circumferentially along a portion of an inner periphery of the lens carrier  106 . According to some embodiments, the respective first portion of the groove  112  and the respective second portion of the groove  112  may together form an L-shaped groove. The L-shaped groove may extend circumferentially along a portion of an inner periphery of the lens carrier  106  in some embodiments. 
     At  206 , the process  200  may include dispensing adhesive into the interlock arrangement  102 . For instance, the adhesive may be dispensed into the interlock arrangement  102  at least partially via the recesses  116 . In some examples, the adhesive may be dispensed into the recesses  116  such that the adhesive travels to at least partially fill gaps within the interlock arrangement  102  between the lens barrel  104  and the lens carrier  106 . Additionally, or alternatively, the adhesive may be dispensed into one or more slots and/or recesses formed by the lens carrier  106 . For example, each of the respective first portions of the grooves  112  may form, or be part of, a respective insertion slot through which the lens barrel  104  may be initially inserted into the lens carrier  106 . In some instances, the insertion slots may provide inlets for the adhesive to be introduced to gaps within the interlock arrangement  102  between the lens barrel  104  and the lens carrier  106 . 
       FIG. 3  illustrates a cross-sectional side view of an example camera module  300  that includes an example interlock arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments. For example, the cross-sectional side view of  FIG. 3  may correspond to a cross-section taken along section line  3 - 3  shown in  FIG. 2 . In some embodiments the camera module  300  may include one or multiple features, components, and/or functionality of embodiments described herein with reference to  FIGS. 1, 2, and 4A-14 . 
     In various examples, the camera module  300  may include a lens barrel  104  that is attached to a lens carrier  106  via an interlock arrangement  102 . According to some embodiments, the interlock arrangement  102  may include one or more grooves  112 , one or more protrusions  114 , an adhesive  302  (e.g., epoxy, glue, etc.), and one or more recesses  116 . As shown in  FIG. 3 , the grooves  112  may be defined by the lens carrier  106 . Furthermore, the protrusions  114  and the recesses  116  may be defined by the lens barrel  104 . Each respective protrusion  114  may extend from the lens barrel  104  to at least partially into a respective groove  112 . The protrusions  114  may extend in a direction that is orthogonal to the optical axis  110  in some embodiments. The adhesive  302  may at least partially fill gaps within the interlock arrangement  102  between the lens barrel  104  and the lens carrier  106 . 
     In some instances, one or more forces may be applied to the lens barrel  104  in one or more directions parallel to the optical axis  110 . In the case of a drop event, for example, opposite forces may be applied to the lens barrel  104  and the lens carrier  106  upon impact. In some other camera designs, an adhesive used to bond a lens barrel to a lens carrier may be primarily in tension and/or shear, not compression, when forces are applied to the lens barrel in directions parallel to the optical axis. As such, the lens barrel in those other camera designs may tend to detach from the lens carrier as a result of a drop event and/or another situation in which forces are applied to the lens barrel. In contrast, in various embodiments described herein one or more portions of the adhesive  302  may be in compression when force is applied to the lens barrel  104 , e.g., in directions parallel to the optical axis  110  (defined by one or more lens elements held by the lens barrel  104 ). Accordingly, embodiments of the interlock arrangement described herein may be more likely to prevent the barrel  104  from detaching from the lens carrier  106  than the other camera designs (in which the adhesive is primarily in tension and/or shear) in some instances. 
     In some cases, a first portion  304  of the adhesive  302  may fill a first gap between a protrusion  114  and a groove  112 . The first portion  304  may be located proximate an upper surface and/or an upper portion of the protrusion  114 . In some embodiments, the first portion  304  may be in compression when force is applied to the lens barrel  104  in a first direction parallel to the optical axis  110  (e.g., the +z direction). 
     Additionally, or alternatively, a second portion  306  of the adhesive  302  may fill a second gap between the protrusion  114  and the groove  112 . The second portion  306  may be located proximate a lower surface and/or a lower portion of the protrusion  114 . In some embodiments, the second portion  306  may be in compression when force is applied to the lens barrel  104  in a second direction parallel to the optical axis  110  (e.g., the −z direction). 
     In some embodiments, a third portion  308  of the adhesive  302  may fill a third gap between the protrusion  114  and the groove  112 . The third portion  308  may be located proximate a radial surface and/or a radial portion of the protrusion  114 . For instance, the radial surface/portion of the protrusion  114  may extend from the upper surface/portion of the protrusion  114  to the lower surface/portion of the protrusion  114 . 
     In some examples, the third gap (filled by the third portion  308  of the adhesive  302 ) may be smaller than the first gap (filled by the first portion  304  of the adhesive  302 ) and/or the second gap (filled by the second portion  306  of the adhesive  302 ). The first gap and the second gap may be larger than the third gap to accommodate an adjustment of the position of the lens barrel  104  relative to an image sensor (e.g., the image sensor  1124  described below with reference to  FIG. 11 ) in some embodiments. For instance, the position of the lens barrel  104  may be adjusted to orient one or more lens elements in the lens barrel  104  to a focused and/or optically aligned position with the image sensor, e.g., as discussed below with reference to  FIG. 10 . In some embodiments, an active alignment process may be used to adjust the position of the lens barrel  104  to optically align the lens elements with the image sensor. 
     In some embodiments, the gaps within the interlock arrangement  102  between the lens barrel  104  and the lens carrier  106  may be sized such that the adhesive  302  may travel from the recesses  116  to at least partially fill the gaps via capillary effect. In some non-limiting examples, one or more of the gaps may have a dimension ranging from about 20 microns to about 200 microns. 
       FIGS. 4A-4B  each illustrate a respective view of an example lens barrel  400  that includes one or more protrusions of an interlock arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG. 4A  shows a perspective view of the lens barrel  400 .  FIG. 4B  shows a top view of the lens barrel  400 . In some embodiments the lens barrel  400  may include one or multiple features, components, and/or functionality of embodiments described herein with reference to  FIGS. 1-3 and 5-14 . 
     According to some examples, the lens barrel  400  may define one or more protrusions and/or one or more recesses. For example, as shown in  FIGS. 4A-4B , the lens barrel  400  may define a first protrusion  114   a , a second protrusion  114   b , a third protrusion  114   c , and a fourth protrusion  114   d . Furthermore, the lens barrel  400  may define a first recess  116   a , a second recess  116   b , a third recess  116   c , and a fourth recess  116   d.    
     In some embodiments, each of the recesses may be located proximate a respective protrusion. The first recess  116   a  may be located proximate the first protrusion  114   a . For example, the first recess  116   a  may be located above the first protrusion  114   a  in some embodiments. The second recess  116   b  may be located proximate the second protrusion  114   b . For example, the second recess  116   b  may be located above the second protrusion  114   b  in some embodiments. The third recess  116   c  may be located proximate the third protrusion  114   c . For example, the third recess  116   c  may be located above the third protrusion  114   c  in some embodiments. The fourth recess  116   d  may be located proximate the fourth protrusion  114   d . For example, the fourth recess  116   d  may be located above the fourth protrusion  114   d  in some embodiments. 
     In some examples, the protrusions  114   a - 114   d  may extend from different parts of a face of the lens barrel  104  in different directions. For instance, the first protrusion  114   a  may extend in a first direction from a first part of a face of the lens barrel  104 . The second protrusion  114   b  may extend in a second direction from a second part of the face of the lens barrel  104 . The third protrusion  114   c  may extend in a third direction from a third part of the face of the lens barrel  104 . In some embodiments, the third direction may be opposite the first direction. The fourth protrusion  114   d  may extend in a third direction from a fourth part of the face of the lens barrel  104 . In some embodiments, the fourth direction may be opposite the second direction. 
     In some embodiments, one or more of the protrusions  114   a - 114   d  may include an angled face. For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 4A , each of the protrusions  114   a - 114   d  includes a face that is non-parallel with the optical axis  110 . The angled face of a protrusion may fit within a groove having a corresponding angle, e.g., as illustrated in  FIG. 3 . Additionally, or alternatively, one or more of the protrusions  114   a - 114   d  may have faces that are parallel to the optical axis  110 , e.g., as illustrated in  FIG. 9 . It should be understood that the protrusions and/or the grooves may have any other shape suitable for the interlock arrangements disclosed herein. 
       FIG. 5  illustrates a perspective view of an example camera module  500  that includes an example interlock arrangement  502  for attaching a lens barrel  504  to a lens carrier  506 , in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, the camera module  500  may include one or multiple features, components, and/or functionality of embodiments described herein with reference to  FIGS. 1-4B and 6-14 . 
     In some embodiments, the lens barrel  504  may hold one or more lens elements  508  (also referred to herein as the “lens  508 ”) that define an optical axis  510 . For illustrative purposes,  FIG. 5  shows the camera module  500  in an exploded view in which the lens barrel  504  is not attached to the lens carrier  506 . However, as discussed in further detail herein, the lens barrel  504  may be attached to and/or interlocked with the lens carrier  506  via the interlock arrangement  502 . For instance, a drop-and-turn process may be used to interlock the lens barrel  504  with the lens carrier  506  via the interlock arrangement  502 , e.g., as described below with reference to  FIG. 6 . In various embodiments, the interlock arrangement  502  may restrict movement of the lens barrel  504  relative to the lens carrier  506  along at least the optical axis  510  (e.g., in the +z and −z directions). As such, the interlock arrangement  502  may prevent the lens barrel  504  from detaching from the lens carrier  506  under certain circumstances such as a drop event. 
     According to some embodiments, the interlock arrangement  502  may include one or more grooves  512  and one or more protrusions  514 . For example, a groove  512  may be defined by the lens barrel  504  or the lens carrier  506 . A protrusion  514  may extend from the lens barrel  504  or the lens carrier  506  to at least partially into the groove  512 . In some cases, the protrusion  514  may extend towards the groove  512  in a direction that is orthogonal to the optical axis  510 . Furthermore, the groove  512  may be an L-shaped groove formed circumferentially along an outer periphery of the lens barrel  504  or an inner periphery of the lens carrier  506 .  FIG. 5  shows grooves  512  defined by the lens barrel  504 , and protrusions  514  extending from the lens carrier  506  to at least partially into the grooves  512 . 
     In various examples, the interlock arrangement  502  may include an adhesive (e.g., epoxy, glue, etc.). The adhesive may at least partially fill gaps within the interlock arrangement  502  between the lens barrel  504  and the lens carrier  506 . According to some embodiments, the interlock arrangement  502  may include one or more recesses  516 . For instance, a recess  516  may be defined by the lens barrel  504 . In some cases, the interlock arrangement  502  may include a shoulder  518  that extends from the lens barrel  504 , e.g., along a plane orthogonal to the optical axis  510 . The shoulder  518  may define the recess  516  in some embodiments. The recess  516  may provide an inlet for the adhesive to be introduced to the gaps within the interlock arrangement  502  between the lens barrel  504  and the lens carrier  506 . For instance, the adhesive may be dispensed into the interlock arrangement  502  via the recess  516 , and the adhesive may travel via capillary effect to at least partially fill gaps within the interlock arrangement  502 . 
     In some instances, at least a first portion of the adhesive may be in compression when force is applied to the lens barrel  504  in a first direction. For example, the first direction may be parallel to the optical axis  510 . Additionally, or alternatively, at least a second portion of the adhesive may be in compression when force is applied to the lens barrel  504  in a second direction. For instance, the second direction may be opposite the first direction. 
       FIG. 6  illustrates a process flow diagram of an example process  600  for attaching a lens barrel to a lens carrier via an interlock arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments. For clarity, the following discussion with respect to the process  600  of  FIG. 6  will also refer to elements of  FIG. 5 . It should be understood, however, that in some embodiments the process  600  may include one or multiple features, components, and/or functionality of embodiments described herein with reference to  FIGS. 1-5 and 7A-14 . 
     At  602 , the process  600  may include inserting the lens barrel  504  at least partially into the lens carrier  506 . For instance, the lens barrel  504  may be positioned above the lens carrier  506  and inserted into the lens carrier  506  along a path that substantially follows an axis, e.g., the optical axis  510 . When inserting the lens barrel  504  into the lens carrier  506 , a first portion of a groove  114  may be aligned with a corresponding protrusion  514  of the lens carrier  506 . In some examples, the first portion of the groove  512  may extend in a first direction, e.g., a direction parallel to the optical axis  510 . In some embodiments, the groove  514  may be formed on one or more outer surfaces of the lens barrel  504 . 
     At  604 , the process  600  may include rotating the lens barrel  504 . For example, the lens barrel  504  may be rotated, relative to the lens carrier  506 , clockwise or counterclockwise about the optical axis  510 . In various embodiments, each of the protrusions  514  may engage a respective groove  512  while the lens barrel  504  is being rotated. For instance, each groove  512  may have a second portion that extends in a second direction that is different than the first direction of the first portion of the groove  512 . In some examples, the second direction may be orthogonal to the first direction. Additionally, or alternatively, the second direction may extend circumferentially along a portion of an outer periphery of the lens barrel  504 . According to some embodiments, the first portion of the groove  512  and the second portion of the groove  512  may together form an L-shaped groove. The L-shaped groove may extend circumferentially along a portion of an outer periphery of the lens barrel  504  in some embodiments. 
     At  606 , the process  600  may include dispensing adhesive into the interlock arrangement  502 . For instance, the adhesive may be dispensed into the interlock arrangement  502  at least partially via the recesses  516 . In some examples, the adhesive may be dispensed into the recesses  516  such that the adhesive travels to at least partially fill gaps within the interlock arrangement  502  between the lens barrel  504  and the lens carrier  506 . 
       FIGS. 7A-7B  each illustrate a respective cross-sectional side view of an example camera module  700  that includes an example interlock arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments. For example, the cross-sectional side views of  FIGS. 7A and 7B  may correspond to cross-sections taken along section lines  7 A- 7 A and  7 B- 7 B, respectively, shown in  FIG. 6 . In some embodiments, the camera module  700  may include one or multiple features, components, and/or functionality of embodiments described herein with reference to  FIGS. 1-6 and 8A-14 . 
     In various examples, the camera module  700  may include a lens barrel  504  that is attached to a lens carrier  506  via an interlock arrangement  502 . According to some embodiments, the interlock arrangement  502  may include one or more grooves  512 , one or more protrusions  514 , an adhesive  702  (e.g., epoxy, glue, etc.), and one or more recesses  516 . As shown in  FIG. 7A , the grooves  512  and the recesses  516  may be defined by the lens barrel  504 . Furthermore, the protrusions  514  may be defined by the lens carrier  506 . Each respective protrusion  514  may extend from the lens carrier  506  to at least partially into a respective groove  512 . The protrusions  514  may extend in a direction that is orthogonal to the optical axis  510  in some embodiments. The adhesive  702  may at least partially fill gaps within the interlock arrangement  502  between the lens barrel  504  and the lens carrier  506 . 
     In some instances, one or more forces may be applied to the lens barrel  504  in one or more directions parallel to the optical axis  510 . In the case of a drop event, for example, opposite forces may be applied to the lens barrel  504  and the lens carrier  506  upon impact. As shown in  FIG. 7A , a first portion  704  of the adhesive  702  may fill a first gap between a protrusion  514  and a groove  512  in some embodiments. The first portion  704  may be located proximate a lower surface and/or a lower portion of the protrusion  514 . In some embodiments, the first portion  704  may be in compression when force is applied to the lens barrel  504  in a first direction parallel to the optical axis  510  (e.g., the +z direction). 
     Additionally, or alternatively, a second portion  706  of the adhesive  702  may fill a second gap between one or more surfaces of the lens carrier  506  and the shoulder  518 , e.g., as shown in  FIG. 7B . The second portion  706  may be located proximate a lower surface and/or a lower portion of the shoulder  518 . In some embodiments, the second portion  706  may be in compression when force is applied to the lens barrel  504  in a second direction parallel to the optical axis  510  (e.g., the −z direction). 
     In some embodiments, the gaps within the interlock arrangement  502  between the lens barrel  504  and the lens carrier  506  may be sized such that the adhesive  702  may travel from the recesses  516  to at least partially fill the gaps via capillary effect. 
       FIGS. 8A-8B  each illustrate a respective view of an example lens barrel  800  that includes one or more grooves of an interlock arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG. 8A  shows a perspective view of the lens barrel  800 .  FIG. 8B  shows a top view of the lens barrel  800 . In some embodiments, the lens barrel  800  may include one or multiple features, components, and/or functionality of embodiments described herein with reference to  FIGS. 1-7B and 9-14 . 
     According to some examples, the lens barrel  800  may define one or more grooves and/or one or more recesses. For example, as shown in  FIGS. 8A-8B , the lens barrel  800  may define a first groove  512   a , a second groove  512   b , a third groove  512   c , and a fourth groove  512   d . Furthermore, the lens barrel  800  may define a first recess  516   a , a second recess  516   b , a third recess  516   c , and a fourth recess  516   d . In some embodiments, the recesses may be formed on a shoulder  518  that extends from the lens barrel, e.g., along a plane orthogonal to the optical axis  510 . 
     In some embodiments, each of the recesses may be located proximate a respective groove. The first recess  516   a  may be located proximate the first groove  512   a . For example, the first recess  516   a  may be located above the first groove  512   a  in some embodiments. The second recess  516   b  may be located proximate the second groove  512   b . For example, the second recess  516   b  may be located above the second groove  512   b  in some embodiments. The third recess  516   c  may be located proximate the third groove  512   c . For example, the third recess  516   c  may be located above the third groove  512   c  in some embodiments. The fourth recess  516   d  may be located proximate the fourth groove  512   d . For example, the fourth recess  516   d  may be located above the fourth groove  512   d  in some embodiments. 
     In some examples, the first groove  512   a  and the third groove  512   c  may be opposite one another with respect to the lens barrel  800 . Furthermore, the second groove  512   b  and the fourth groove  512   d  may be opposite one another with respect to the lens barrel  800  in some cases. 
       FIG. 9  illustrates a perspective view of an example camera module  900  that includes an example interlock arrangement  902  for attaching a lens barrel  904  to a lens carrier  906 , in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, the camera module  900  may include one or multiple features, components, and/or functionality of embodiments described herein with reference to  FIGS. 1-8B and 10-14 . 
     In some embodiments, the lens barrel  904  may hold one or more lens elements  908  (also referred to herein as the “lens  908 ”) that define an optical axis  910 . For illustrative purposes,  FIG. 9  shows the camera module  900  in an exploded view in which the lens barrel  904  is not attached to the lens carrier  906 . However, as discussed in further detail herein, the lens barrel  904  may be attached to and/or interlocked with the lens carrier  906  via the interlock arrangement  902 . For instance, a drop-and-turn process may be used to interlock the lens barrel  904  with the lens carrier  906  via the interlock arrangement  902 , e.g., as described above with reference to  FIGS. 2 and 6 . In various embodiments, the interlock arrangement  902  may restrict movement of the lens barrel  904  relative to the lens carrier  906  along at least the optical axis  910  (e.g., in the +z and −z directions). As such, the interlock arrangement  902  may prevent the lens barrel  904  from detaching from the lens carrier  906  under certain circumstances such as a drop event. 
     As shown in  FIG. 9 , the interlock arrangement  902  may include one or more protrusions  914  that extend along a first axis (e.g., the x-axis) towards one or more grooves  916 . The first axis may be orthogonal to the optical axis  910 . In this manner, the size of the camera module may be reduced along a second axis (e.g., the y-axis) that is orthogonal to the first axis and/or to the optical axis  910 . In some embodiments, one or more of the protrusions  914  may have faces that are parallel to the optical axis  910 , e.g., as illustrated in  FIG. 9 . Additionally, or alternatively, one or more of the protrusions  914  may include an angled face (e.g., a face that is non-parallel with the optical axis  910 ) that may fit within a groove having a corresponding angle, e.g., as discussed above with reference to  FIGS. 4A-4B . 
     According to some embodiments, the grooves  912  may be defined by the lens barrel  904  and/or the lens carrier  906 . The protrusions  914  may extend from the lens barrel  104  and/or the lens carrier  106  to at least partially into the grooves  912 . In some cases, each of the protrusions  914  may extend towards a respective groove  912  in direction that is orthogonal to the optical axis  910 . In some examples, the grooves  112  may L-shaped grooves formed circumferentially along an outer periphery of the lens barrel  904  and/or an inner periphery of the lens carrier  906 .  FIG. 9  shows grooves  912  defined by the lens carrier  906 , and protrusions  914  extending from the lens barrel  904  to at least partially into the grooves  912 . 
     In various examples, the interlock arrangement  902  may include an adhesive (e.g., epoxy, glue, etc.). The adhesive may at least partially fill gaps within the interlock arrangement  902  between the lens barrel  904  and the lens carrier  906 . According to some embodiments, the interlock arrangement  902  may include one or more recesses, e.g., as described herein with reference to  FIGS. 1-8 and 10 . The recesses may provide an inlet for the adhesive to be introduced to the gaps within the interlock arrangement  902  between the lens barrel  904  and the lens carrier  906 . 
     For instance, a recess  116  may be defined by the lens barrel  104 . The recess  116  may provide an inlet for the adhesive to be introduced to the gaps within the interlock arrangement  102  between the lens barrel  104  and the lens carrier  106 . For instance, the adhesive may be dispensed into the interlock arrangement  102  via the recess  116 , and the adhesive may travel via capillary effect to at least partially fill gaps within the interlock arrangement  102 . 
     According to some embodiments, the interlock arrangement  902  may include two grooves  912  and two protrusions  914 , e.g., as indicated in  FIG. 9 . In some embodiments, a first protrusion  114  and a second protrusion  114  may be located opposite one another with respect to the lens barrel  904 . It should be understood, however, that in some embodiments the interlock arrangement  902  may include fewer or more grooves  912  and/or protrusions  914  than shown in  FIG. 9 . It should also be understood that in some embodiments the grooves  912  and/or protrusions  114  may be shaped, positioned, and/or oriented differently than shown in  FIG. 9 . 
       FIG. 10  is a flowchart of an example method  1000  of assembling a camera module having an interlock arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, the method  700  may include one or multiple features, components, and/or functionality of embodiments described herein with reference to  FIGS. 1-9 and 11-14 . 
     At  1002 , the method  1000  may include inserting a lens barrel at least partially into a lens carrier. For example, the lens barrel may be inserted into the lens carrier such that a protrusion of the interlock arrangement extends at least partially into a groove of the interlock arrangement. The protrusion may be defined by the lens barrel or the lens carrier. In various examples, the groove may be defined by the other of the lens barrel or the lens carrier that does not define the protrusion. In some embodiments, the protrusion may be defined by the lens barrel and the groove may be defined by the lens carrier. In some cases, the protrusion may be defined by the lens carrier and the groove may be defined by the lens barrel. According to various embodiments, the interlock arrangement may include multiple protrusions defined by the lens barrel and/or the lens carrier, and multiple grooves defined by the lens barrel and/or the lens carrier. 
     At  1004 , the method  1000  may include rotating the lens barrel about an optical axis. For instance, the lens barrel may be rotated about an optical axis defined by one or more lens elements held by the lens barrel. In some examples, the lens barrel may be rotated clockwise. In other examples, the lens barrel may be rotated counterclockwise. 
     At  1006 , the method  1000  may include dispensing an adhesive (e.g., epoxy, glue, etc.) into a recess formed on the lens barrel. The recess may provide an inlet for the adhesive to be introduced to the interlock arrangement. In some embodiments, the adhesive may be dispensed into the recess such that the adhesive travels to at least partially fill gaps within the interlock arrangement between the lens barrel and the lens carrier. 
     At  1008 , the method  1000  may include determining whether to perform optical alignment (e.g., an active alignment process). If it is determined, at  1008 , to perform optical alignment, then the method  1000  may include adjusting a position of the lens barrel relative to an image sensor of the camera module to optically align the lens with the image sensor, at  1010 . In some cases, the method  1000  may include curing the adhesive, at  1012 . For example, the adhesive may be cured before, during, and/or after performing optical alignment. As another example, the adhesive may be cured during and/or after dispensing the adhesive into the recess, e.g., if it is determined, at  1008 , not to perform optical alignment. 
       FIG. 11  illustrates a schematic side view of an example camera module  1100  having an example voice coil motor (VCM) actuator for moving an optical package  1102  that may include an interlock arrangement, in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, the camera module  1100  may include one or multiple features, components, and/or functionality of embodiments described herein with reference to  FIGS. 1-10 and 12-14 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 11 , the actuator  1100  may include a base or substrate  1104  and a cover  1106 . The base  1104  may include and/or support one or more position sensors (e.g., Hall sensors, TMR sensors, GMR sensors, etc.)  1108 , one or more optical image stabilization coils  1110 , and one or more suspension wires  1112 , which may at least partly enable magnetic sensing for autofocus and/or optical image stabilization position detection, e.g., by detecting movements of position sensor magnets  1114 . 
     In some embodiments, the actuator  1100  may include one or more autofocus coils  1116  and one or more actuator magnets  1118 , which may at least partly enable autofocus functionality such as moving the optical package  1102  along the z axis and/or along an optical axis defined by one or more lenses of the optical package  1102 . In some examples, at least one position sensor magnet  1114  may be disposed proximate to at least one autofocus coil  1116 . In some embodiments, at least one position sensor magnet  1114  may be coupled to at least one autofocus coil  1116 . For instance, the autofocus coils  1116  may each define a central space that is encircled by the respective autofocus coil  1116 . The position sensor magnets  1114  may be disposed within the central spaces encircled by the autofocus coils  1116 . Additionally or alternatively, the position sensor magnets  1114  may be attached to support structures (not shown) that are fixed to the autofocus coils  1116 . For example, a support structure, to which a position sensor magnet  1114  is attached, may be disposed within a central space encircled by an autofocus coil  1116  and the support structure may be fixed to the autofocus coil  1116 . 
     In some embodiments, the actuator  1100  may include four suspension wires  1112 . The optical package  1102  may be suspended with respect to the base  1104  by suspending one or more upper springs  1120  on the suspension wires  1112 . In some embodiments, the actuator may include one or more lower springs  1122 . In the optical package  1102 , an optics component (e.g., one or more lens elements, a lens assembly, etc.) may be screwed, mounted or otherwise held in or by an optics holder. Note that upper spring(s)  1120  and lower spring(s)  1122  may be flexible to allow the optical package  1102  a range of motion along the Z (optical) axis for optical focusing, and suspension wires  1112  may be flexible to allow a range of motion on the x-y plane orthogonal to the optical axis for optical image stabilization. Also note that, while embodiments show the optical package  1102  suspended on wires  1112 , other mechanisms may be used to suspend the optical package  1102  in other embodiments. 
     In various embodiments, the camera module may include an image sensor  1124 . The image sensor  1124  may be disposed below the optical package  1102  such that light rays may pass through one or more lens elements of the optical package  1102  (e.g., via an aperture at the top of the optical package  1102 ) and to the image sensor  1124 . 
     Multifunction Device Examples 
       FIG. 12  illustrates a block diagram of a portable multifunction device  1200 , in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, the portable multifunction device  1200  may include one or multiple features, components, and/or implement functionality of embodiments described herein with reference to  FIGS. 1-11, 13, and 14 . 
     In some embodiments, the device  1200  is a portable communications device, such as a mobile telephone, that also contains other functions, such as PDA, camera, video capture and/or playback, and/or music player functions. Example embodiments of portable multifunction devices include, without limitation, the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. Other portable electronic devices, such as laptops, cell phones, smartphones, pad or tablet computers with touch-sensitive surfaces (e.g., touch screen displays and/or touch pads), may also be used. It should also be understood that, in some embodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but is a desktop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch screen display and/or a touch pad). In some embodiments, the device is a gaming computer with orientation sensors (e.g., orientation sensors in a gaming controller). In other embodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but is a camera and/or video camera. 
     In the discussion that follows, an electronic device that includes a display and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should be understood, however, that the electronic device may include one or more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physical keyboard, a mouse and/or a joystick. 
     The device  1200  typically supports a variety of applications, such as one or more of the following: a drawing application, a presentation application, a word processing application, a website creation application, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheet application, a gaming application, a telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, a workout support application, a photo management application, a digital camera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing application, a digital music player application, a streaming video application, and/or a digital video player application. 
     The various applications that may be executed on the device  1200  may use at least one common physical user-interface device, such as the touch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitive surface as well as corresponding information displayed on the device may be adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physical architecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the device may support the variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and transparent to the user. 
     Device  1200  may include memory  1202  (which may include one or more computer readable storage mediums), memory controller  1222 , one or more processing units (CPU&#39;s)  1220 , peripherals interface  1218 , RF circuitry  1208 , audio circuitry  1210 , speaker  1211 , touch-sensitive display system  1212 , microphone  1213 , input/output (I/O) subsystem  1206 , other input control devices  1216 , and external port  1224 . Device  1200  may include one or more optical sensors or cameras  1264  (e.g., one or more embodiments of the cameras described herein). These components may communicate over one or more communication buses or signal lines  1203 . 
     It should be appreciated that device  1200  is only one example of a portable multifunction device, and that device  1200  may have more or fewer components than shown, may combine two or more components, or may have a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown in  FIG. 12  may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software, including one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits. 
     Memory  1202  may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Access to memory  1202  by other components of device  1200 , such as CPU  1220  and the peripherals interface  1218 , may be controlled by memory controller  1222 . 
     Peripherals interface  1218  can be used to couple input and output peripherals of the device to CPU  1220  and memory  1202 . The one or more processors  1220  run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in memory  1202  to perform various functions for device  1200  and to process data. 
     In some embodiments, peripherals interface  1218 , CPU  1220 , and memory controller  1222  may be implemented on a single chip, such as chip  1204 . In some other embodiments, they may be implemented on separate chips. 
     RF (radio frequency) circuitry  1208  receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  1208  converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  1208  may include well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a coder/decoder (codec) chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RF circuitry  1208  may communicate with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The wireless communication may use any of a variety of communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document. 
     Audio circuitry  1210 , speaker  1211 , and microphone  1213  provide an audio interface between a user and device  1200 . Audio circuitry  1210  receives audio data from peripherals interface  1218 , converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to speaker  1211 . Speaker  1211  converts the electrical signal to audible sound waves. Audio circuitry  1210  also receives electrical signals converted by microphone  1213  from sound waves. Audio circuitry  1210  converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to peripherals interface  1218  for processing. Audio data may be retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory  1202  and/or RF circuitry  1208  by peripherals interface  1218 . In some embodiments, audio circuitry  1210  also includes a headset jack. The headset jack provides an interface between audio circuitry  1210  and removable audio input/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headset with both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input (e.g., a microphone). 
     I/O subsystem  1206  couples input/output peripherals on device  1200 , such as touch screen  1212  and other input control devices  1216 , to peripherals interface  1218 . I/O subsystem  1206  may include display controller  1256  and one or more input controllers  1260  for other input control devices  1216 . The one or more input controllers  1260  receive/send electrical signals from/to other input control devices  1216 . The other input control devices  1216  may include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternative embodiments, input controller(s)  1260  may be coupled to any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, infrared port, USB port, and a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons may include an up/down button for volume control of speaker  1211  and/or microphone  1213 . The one or more buttons may include a push button. 
     Touch-sensitive display  1212  provides an input interface and an output interface between the device and a user. Display controller  1256  receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to touch screen  1212 . Touch screen  1212  displays visual output to the user. The visual output may include graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all of the visual output may correspond to user-interface objects. 
     Touch screen  1212  has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor or set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact. Touch screen  1212  and display controller  1256  (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory  1202 ) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on touch screen  1212  and converts the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages or images) that are displayed on touch screen  1212 . In an example embodiment, a point of contact between touch screen  1212  and the user corresponds to a finger of the user. 
     Touch screen  1212  may use LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED (light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologies may be used in other embodiments. Touch screen  1212  and display controller  1256  may detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of a variety of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with touch screen  1212 . In an example embodiment, projected mutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. 
     Touch screen  1212  may have a video resolution in excess of 100 dpi. In some embodiments, the touch screen has a video resolution of approximately 160 dpi. The user may make contact with touch screen  1212  using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to work primarily with finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired by the user. 
     In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen  1212 , device  1200  may include a touchpad (not shown) for activating or deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output. The touchpad may be a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from touch screen  1212  or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen. 
     Device  1200  also includes power system  1262  for powering the various components. Power system  1262  may include a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices. 
     Device  1200  may also include one or more optical sensors or cameras  1264 .  FIG. 12  shows an optical sensor coupled to optical sensor controller  1258  in I/O subsystem  1206 . Optical sensor  1264  may, for example, include charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistors or photosensors. Optical sensor  1264  receives light from the environment, projected through one or more lenses, and converts the light to data representing an image. In conjunction with imaging module  1243  (also called a camera module), optical sensor  1264  may capture still images and/or video sequences. In some embodiments, at least one optical sensor may be located on the back of device  1200 , opposite touch screen display  1212  on the front of the device. In some embodiments, the touch screen display may be used as a viewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition. In some embodiments, at least one optical sensor may instead or also be located on the front of the device. 
     Device  1200  may also include one or more proximity sensors  1266 .  FIG. 12  shows proximity sensor  1266  coupled to peripherals interface  1218 . Alternatively, proximity sensor  1266  may be coupled to input controller  1260  in I/O subsystem  1206 . In some embodiments, the proximity sensor turns off and disables touch screen  1212  when the multifunction device is placed near the user&#39;s ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call). 
     Device  1200  may also include one or more orientation sensors  1268 . In some embodiments, the one or more orientation sensors include one or more accelerometers (e.g., one or more linear accelerometers and/or one or more rotational accelerometers). In some embodiments, the one or more orientation sensors include one or more gyroscopes. In some embodiments, the one or more orientation sensors include one or more magnetometers. In some embodiments, the one or more orientation sensors include one or more of global positioning system (GPS), Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), and/or other global navigation system receivers. The GPS, GLONASS, and/or other global navigation system receivers may be used for obtaining information concerning the location and orientation (e.g., portrait or landscape) of device  1200 . In some embodiments, the one or more orientation sensors include any combination of orientation/rotation sensors.  FIG. 12  shows the one or more orientation sensors  1268  coupled to peripherals interface  1218 . Alternatively, the one or more orientation sensors  1268  may be coupled to an input controller  1260  in I/O subsystem  1206 . In some embodiments, information is displayed on the touch screen display in a portrait view or a landscape view based on an analysis of data received from the one or more orientation sensors. 
     In some embodiments, device  1200  may also include one or more other sensors (not shown) including but not limited to ambient light sensors and motion detectors. These sensors may be coupled to peripherals interface  1218  or, alternatively, may be coupled to an input controller  1260  in I/O subsystem  1206 . For example, in some embodiments, device  1200  may include at least one forward-facing (away from the user) and at least one backward-facing (towards the user) light sensors that may be used to collect ambient lighting metrics from the environment of the device  1200  for use in video and image capture, processing, and display applications. 
     In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory  1202  include operating system  1226 , communication module  1228 , contact/motion module (or set of instructions)  1230 , graphics module  1232 , text input module  1234 , Global Positioning System (GPS) module  1235 , and applications  1236 . Furthermore, in some embodiments memory  1202  stores device/global internal state  1257 . Device/global internal state  1257  includes one or more of: active application state, indicating which applications, if any, are currently active; display state, indicating what applications, views or other information occupy various regions of touch screen display  1212 ; sensor state, including information obtained from the device&#39;s various sensors and input control devices  1216 ; and location information concerning the device&#39;s location and/or attitude. 
     Operating system  1226  (e.g., Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components. 
     Communication module  1228  facilitates communication with other devices over one or more external ports  1224  and also includes various software components for handling data received by RF circuitry  1208  and/or external port  1224 . External port  1224  (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the 30-pin connector used on iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) devices. 
     Contact/motion module  1230  may detect contact with touch screen  1212  (in conjunction with display controller  1256 ) and other touch sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). Contact/motion module  1230  includes various software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact, such as determining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-down event), determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact). Contact/motion module  1230  receives contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which is represented by a series of contact data, may include determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. These operations may be applied to single contacts (e.g., one finger contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g., “multi-touch”/multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments, contact/motion module  1230  and display controller  1256  detect contact on a touchpad. 
     Contact/motion module  1230  may detect a gesture input by a user. Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contact patterns. Thus, a gesture may be detected by detecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a finger tap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event at the same position (or substantially the same position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequently followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event. 
     Graphics module  1232  includes various software components for rendering and displaying graphics on touch screen  1212  or other display, including components for changing the intensity of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics” includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including without limitation text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations and the like. 
     In some embodiments, graphics module  1232  stores data representing graphics to be used. Each graphic may be assigned a corresponding code. Graphics module  1232  receives, from applications etc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with, if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and then generates screen image data to output to display controller  1256 . 
     Text input module  1234 , which may be a component of graphics module  1232 , provides soft keyboards for entering text in various applications that need text input. 
     GPS module  1235  determines the location of the device and provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone module  1238  for use in location-based dialing, to camera module  1243  as picture/video metadata, and to applications that provide location-based services such as map/navigation applications). 
     Applications  1236  may include one or more of, but are not limited to, the following modules (or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof:
         telephone module  1238 ;   video conferencing module  1239 ;   camera module  1243  for still and/or video imaging;   image management module  1244 ;   browser module  1247 ;   search module  1251 ;   video and music player module  1252 , which may be made up of a video player module and a music player module; and/or   online video module  1255 .   one or more other modules not shown, such as a gaming module.       

     Examples of other applications  1236  that may be stored in memory  1202  include but are not limited to other word processing applications, other image editing applications, drawing applications, presentation applications, communication/social media applications, map applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice replication. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  1208 , audio circuitry  1210 , speaker  1211 , microphone  1213 , touch screen  1212 , display controller  1256 , contact module  1230 , graphics module  1232 , and text input module  1234 , telephone module  1238  may be used to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers in an address book, modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation and disconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As noted above, the wireless communication may use any of a variety of communications standards, protocols and technologies. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  1208 , audio circuitry  1210 , speaker  1211 , microphone  1213 , touch screen  1212 , display controller  1256 , optical sensor  1264 , optical sensor controller  1258 , contact/motion module  1230 , graphics module  1232 , text input module  1234 , and telephone module  1238 , videoconferencing module  1239  includes executable instructions to initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user and one or more other participants in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  1212 , display controller  1256 , optical sensor(s)  1264 , optical sensor controller  1258 , contact/motion module  1230 , graphics module  1232 , and image management module  1244 , camera module  1243  includes executable instructions to capture still images or video (including a video stream) and store them into memory  1202 , modify characteristics of a still image or video, or delete a still image or video from memory  1202 . 
     In conjunction with touch screen  1212 , display controller  1256 , contact/motion module  1230 , graphics module  1232 , text input module  1234 , and camera module  1243 , image management module  1244  includes executable instructions to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/or video images. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  1208 , touch screen  1212 , display system controller  1256 , contact/motion module  1230 , graphics module  1232 , and text input module  1234 , browser module  1247  includes executable instructions to browse the Internet in accordance with user instructions, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portions thereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  1212 , display system controller  1256 , contact/motion module  1230 , graphics module  1232 , and text input module  1234 , search module  1251  includes executable instructions to search for text, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory  1202  that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  1212 , display system controller  1256 , contact/motion module  1230 , graphics module  1232 , audio circuitry  1210 , speaker  1211 , RF circuitry  1208 , and browser module  1247 , video and music player module  1252  includes executable instructions that allow the user to download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, and executable instructions to display, present or otherwise play back videos (e.g., on touch screen  1212  or on an external, connected display via external port  1224 ). In some embodiments, device  1200  may include the functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  1212 , display system controller  1256 , contact/motion module  1230 , graphics module  1232 , audio circuitry  1210 , speaker  1211 , RF circuitry  1208 , text input module  1234 , and browser module  1247 , online video module  1255  includes instructions that allow the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen or on an external, connected display via external port  1224 ), and otherwise manage online videos in one or more video formats, such as the H.264/AVC format or the H.265/HEVC format. 
     Each of the above identified modules and applications correspond to a set of executable instructions for performing one or more functions described above and the methods described in this application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods described herein). These modules (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise rearranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  1202  may store a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  1202  may store additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     In some embodiments, device  1200  is a device where operation of a predefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/or a touchpad as the primary input control device for operation of device  1200 , the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) on device  1200  may be reduced. 
     The predefined set of functions that may be performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad include navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by the user, navigates device  1200  to a main, home, or root menu from any user interface that may be displayed on device  1200 . In such embodiments, the touchpad may be referred to as a “menu button.” In some other embodiments, the menu button may be a physical push button or other physical input control device instead of a touchpad. 
       FIG. 13  depicts illustrates an example portable multifunction device  1200  that may include one or more cameras, in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, the portable multifunction device  1200  may include one or multiple features, components, and/or functionality of embodiments described herein with reference to  FIGS. 1-12 and 14 . 
     The device  1200  may have a touch screen  1212 . The touch screen  1212  may display one or more graphics within user interface (UI)  1300 . In this embodiment, as well as others described below, a user may select one or more of the graphics by making a gesture on the graphics, for example, with one or more fingers  1302  (not drawn to scale in the figure) or one or more styluses  1303  (not drawn to scale in the figure). 
     Device  1200  may also include one or more physical buttons, such as “home” or menu button  1204 . As described previously, menu button  1304  may be used to navigate to any application  1236  in a set of applications that may be executed on device  1200 . Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button  1304  is implemented as a soft key in a GUI displayed on touch screen  1212 . 
     In one embodiment, device  1200  includes touch screen  1212 , menu button  1304 , push button  1306  for powering the device on/off and locking the device, volume adjustment button(s)  1308 , Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card slot  1310 , head set jack  1312 , and docking/charging external port  1224 . Push button  1306  may be used to turn the power on/off on the device by depressing the button and holding the button in the depressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by depressing the button and releasing the button before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an unlock process. In an alternative embodiment, device  1200  also may accept verbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions through microphone  1213 . 
     It should be noted that, although many of the examples herein are given with reference to optical sensor(s)/camera(s)  1264  (on the front of a device), one or more rear-facing cameras or optical sensors that are pointed opposite from the display may be used instead of, or in addition to, an optical sensor(s)/camera(s)  1264  on the front of a device. 
     Example Computer System 
       FIG. 14  illustrates an example computer system  1400  that may include one or more cameras, in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, the computer system  1400  may include one or multiple features, components, and/or implement functionality of embodiments described herein with reference to  FIGS. 1-13 . 
     The computer system  1400  may be configured to execute any or all of the embodiments described above. In different embodiments, computer system  1400  may be any of various types of devices, including, but not limited to, a personal computer system, desktop computer, laptop, notebook, tablet, slate, pad, or netbook computer, mainframe computer system, handheld computer, workstation, network computer, a camera, a set top box, a mobile device, a consumer device, video game console, handheld video game device, application server, storage device, a television, a video recording device, a peripheral device such as a switch, modem, router, or in general any type of computing or electronic device. 
     Various embodiments of a camera motion control system as described herein, including embodiments of magnetic position sensing, as described herein may be executed in one or more computer systems  1400 , which may interact with various other devices. Note that any component, action, or functionality described above with respect to  FIGS. 1-9  may be implemented on one or more computers configured as computer system  1400  of  FIG. 14 , according to various embodiments. In the illustrated embodiment, computer system  1400  includes one or more processors  1410  coupled to a system memory  1420  via an input/output (I/O) interface  1430 . Computer system  1400  further includes a network interface  1440  coupled to I/O interface  1430 , and one or more input/output devices  1450 , such as cursor control device  1460 , keyboard  1470 , and display(s)  1480 . In some cases, it is contemplated that embodiments may be implemented using a single instance of computer system  1400 , while in other embodiments multiple such systems, or multiple nodes making up computer system  1400 , may be configured to host different portions or instances of embodiments. For example, in one embodiment some elements may be implemented via one or more nodes of computer system  1400  that are distinct from those nodes implementing other elements. 
     In various embodiments, computer system  1400  may be a uniprocessor system including one processor  1410 , or a multiprocessor system including several processors  1410  (e.g., two, four, eight, or another suitable number). Processors  1410  may be any suitable processor capable of executing instructions. For example, in various embodiments processors  1410  may be general-purpose or embedded processors implementing any of a variety of instruction set architectures (ISAs), such as the x86, PowerPC, SPARC, or MIPS ISAs, or any other suitable ISA. In multiprocessor systems, each of processors  1410  may commonly, but not necessarily, implement the same ISA. 
     System memory  1420  may be configured to store program instructions  1422  accessible by processor  1410 . In various embodiments, system memory  1420  may be implemented using any suitable memory technology, such as static random access memory (SRAM), synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM), nonvolatile/Flash-type memory, or any other type of memory. Additionally, existing camera control data  1432  of memory  1420  may include any of the information or data structures described above. In some embodiments, program instructions and/or data may be received, sent or stored upon different types of computer-accessible media or on similar media separate from system memory  1420  or computer system  1400 . While computer system  1400  is described as implementing the functionality of functional blocks of previous figures, any of the functionality described herein may be implemented via such a computer system. 
     In one embodiment, I/O interface  1430  may be configured to coordinate I/O traffic between processor  1410 , system memory  1420 , and any peripheral devices in the device, including network interface  1440  or other peripheral interfaces, such as input/output devices  1450 . In some embodiments, I/O interface  1430  may perform any necessary protocol, timing or other data transformations to convert data signals from one component (e.g., system memory  1420 ) into a format suitable for use by another component (e.g., processor  1410 ). In some embodiments, I/O interface  1430  may include support for devices attached through various types of peripheral buses, such as a variant of the Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus standard or the Universal Serial Bus (USB) standard, for example. In some embodiments, the function of I/O interface  1430  may be split into two or more separate components, such as a north bridge and a south bridge, for example. Also, in some embodiments some or all of the functionality of I/O interface  1430 , such as an interface to system memory  1420 , may be incorporated directly into processor  1410 . 
     Network interface  1440  may be configured to allow data to be exchanged between computer system  1400  and other devices attached to a network  1485  (e.g., carrier or agent devices) or between nodes of computer system  1400 . Network  1485  may in various embodiments include one or more networks including but not limited to Local Area Networks (LANs) (e.g., an Ethernet or corporate network), Wide Area Networks (WANs) (e.g., the Internet), wireless data networks, some other electronic data network, or some combination thereof. In various embodiments, network interface  1440  may support communication via wired or wireless general data networks, such as any suitable type of Ethernet network, for example; via telecommunications/telephony networks such as analog voice networks or digital fiber communications networks; via storage area networks such as Fibre Channel SANs, or via any other suitable type of network and/or protocol. 
     Input/output devices  1450  may, in some embodiments, include one or more display terminals, keyboards, keypads, touchpads, scanning devices, voice or optical recognition devices, or any other devices suitable for entering or accessing data by one or more computer systems  1400 . Multiple input/output devices  1450  may be present in computer system  1400  or may be distributed on various nodes of computer system  1400 . In some embodiments, similar input/output devices may be separate from computer system  1400  and may interact with one or more nodes of computer system  1400  through a wired or wireless connection, such as over network interface  1440 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 14 , memory  1420  may include program instructions  1422 , which may be processor-executable to implement any element or action described above. In one embodiment, the program instructions may implement the methods described above. In other embodiments, different elements and data may be included. Note that data may include any data or information described above. 
     Those skilled in the art will appreciate that computer system  1400  is merely illustrative and is not intended to limit the scope of embodiments. In particular, the computer system and devices may include any combination of hardware or software that can perform the indicated functions, including computers, network devices, Internet appliances, PDAs, wireless phones, pagers, etc. Computer system  1400  may also be connected to other devices that are not illustrated, or instead may operate as a stand-alone system. In addition, the functionality provided by the illustrated components may in some embodiments be combined in fewer components or distributed in additional components. Similarly, in some embodiments, the functionality of some of the illustrated components may not be provided and/or other additional functionality may be available. 
     Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that, while various items are illustrated as being stored in memory or on storage while being used, these items or portions of them may be transferred between memory and other storage devices for purposes of memory management and data integrity. Alternatively, in other embodiments some or all of the software components may execute in memory on another device and communicate with the illustrated computer system via inter-computer communication. Some or all of the system components or data structures may also be stored (e.g., as instructions or structured data) on a computer-accessible medium or a portable article to be read by an appropriate drive, various examples of which are described above. In some embodiments, instructions stored on a computer-accessible medium separate from computer system  1400  may be transmitted to computer system  1400  via transmission media or signals such as electrical, electromagnetic, or digital signals, conveyed via a communication medium such as a network and/or a wireless link. Various embodiments may further include receiving, sending or storing instructions and/or data implemented in accordance with the foregoing description upon a computer-accessible medium. Generally speaking, a computer-accessible medium may include a non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium or memory medium such as magnetic or optical media, e.g., disk or DVD/CD-ROM, volatile or non-volatile media such as RAM (e.g. SDRAM, DDR, RDRAM, SRAM, etc.), ROM, etc. In some embodiments, a computer-accessible medium may include transmission media or signals such as electrical, electromagnetic, or digital signals, conveyed via a communication medium such as network and/or a wireless link. 
     The methods described herein may be implemented in software, hardware, or a combination thereof, in different embodiments. In addition, the order of the blocks of the methods may be changed, and various elements may be added, reordered, combined, omitted, modified, etc. Various modifications and changes may be made as would be obvious to a person skilled in the art having the benefit of this disclosure. The various embodiments described herein are meant to be illustrative and not limiting. Many variations, modifications, additions, and improvements are possible. Accordingly, plural instances may be provided for components described herein as a single instance. Boundaries between various components, operations and data stores are somewhat arbitrary, and particular operations are illustrated in the context of specific illustrative configurations. Other allocations of functionality are envisioned and may fall within the scope of claims that follow. Finally, structures and functionality presented as discrete components in the example configurations may be implemented as a combined structure or component. These and other variations, modifications, additions, and improvements may fall within the scope of embodiments as defined in the claims that follow.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20180515
Publication Date: 20200114
Grant Date: 20200114
Priority Date: 20170616
Inventors: HUBERT, AURELIEN R.
YANG, QIANG
TAKASE, YOSHIYUKI
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G02B7/08", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B3/10", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B17/02", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N23/631", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N23/631", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N23/63", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N23/57", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B17/02", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N23/687", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N23/55", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N23/55", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N23/687", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N23/57", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B5/00", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B7/08", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B7/022", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B7/025", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B13/36", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B2205/0069", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B2205/0007", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B2205/0007", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B2205/0069", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B7/025", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B3/10", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B13/36", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B2205/0007", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B5/00", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B7/025", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N5/2254", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N5/23293", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B7/022", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B2205/0069", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G03B3/00", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 64657929