PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-9380558-B2
Application Number: US-201514810431-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Multiple network mobile device connection management

Abstract:
A mobile wireless device maintains registration on two parallel wireless communication networks that each use different wireless communication protocols. In response to a first connection request received from a first wireless network, the mobile wireless device tunes a single receiver contained therein from the first wireless network to a second wireless network. Subsequently in response to a second connection request received from the second wireless network, the mobile wireless device connects to the second wireless network.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A method of managing connections between a mobile wireless device, which includes a single tunable receiver, and a plurality of wireless networks, the method comprising:
 registering the mobile wireless device with a first wireless network; 
 registering the mobile wireless device with a second wireless network while maintaining registration with the first wireless network; 
 receiving an Internet Protocol Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) connection origination message from the first wireless network; 
 sending a connection rejection message to the first wireless network rejecting the IMS connection before tuning to the second wireless network without de-registering from the first wireless network; 
 tuning the single tunable receiver from the first wireless network to the second wireless network, in response to the connection origination message from the first wireless network; and 
 connecting to the second wireless network, in response to a connection request from the second wireless network. 
 
     
     
       2. The method as recited in  claim 1 , wherein the connection origination message comprises a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) invite message, and the connection rejection message comprises a SIP reject message. 
     
     
       3. The method as recited in  claim 1 , further comprising:
 detecting a bearer type establishment associated with the connection origination message received from the first wireless network; and 
 completing the mobile terminated voice connection through the second wireless network in response to the connection request from the second wireless network, wherein the connection request comprises a paging message. 
 
     
     
       4. The method as recited in  claim 1 , further comprising:
 releasing a radio resource control (RRC) connection with the first wireless network before tuning to the second wireless network; and 
 establishing a new RRC connection with the first wireless network after retuning the single tunable receiver from the second wireless network back to the first wireless network. 
 
     
     
       5. The method as recited in  claim 1 , further comprising:
 releasing one or more radio access bearers between the mobile wireless device and the first wireless network before tuning to the second wireless network. 
 
     
     
       6. The method as recited in  claim 1 , wherein the first wireless network uses a Long Term Evolution (LTE) or Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) radio access technology (RAT), and the second wireless network uses a legacy 3G or 2G RAT. 
     
     
       7. The method as recited in  claim 1 , further comprising:
 monitoring a physical location of the mobile wireless device; and 
 re-registering the mobile wireless device with the second wireless network after detecting the physical location of the mobile wireless device changes between distinct registration zones of the second wireless network. 
 
     
     
       8. The method as recited in  claim 7 , wherein monitoring the physical location of the mobile wireless device includes tracking one or more of a global positioning system location of the mobile wireless device, a Wi-Fi access point location, or a cell site location of the first wireless network. 
     
     
       9. A mobile wireless device comprising:
 a receiver tunable to receive signals from a first wireless network and also tunable to receive signals from a second wireless network; and 
 a processor configured to cause the mobile wireless device to:
 register with the first wireless network; 
 register with the second wireless network, while maintaining registration with the first wireless network; 
 receive an Internet Protocol Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) connection origination message from the first wireless network; 
 sending a connection rejection message to the first wireless network rejecting the IMS connection before tuning to the second wireless network without de-registering from the first wireless network; 
 tune the receiver from the first wireless network to the second wireless network, in response to the IMS connection origination message from the first wireless network; and 
 connect to the second wireless network, in response to a connection request from the second wireless network. 
 
 
     
     
       10. The mobile wireless device as recited in  claim 9 , wherein the processor is further configured to cause the mobile wireless device to release one or more radio access bearers between the mobile wireless device and the first wireless network before tuning to the second wireless network. 
     
     
       11. The mobile wireless device as recited in  claim 9 , wherein the IMS connection origination message comprises a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) invite message, and the message sent to the first wireless network comprises a SIP reject message. 
     
     
       12. The mobile wireless device as recited in  claim 9 , wherein the processor is further configured to cause the mobile wireless device to:
 monitor a physical location of the mobile wireless device; and 
 re-register the mobile wireless device with the second wireless network when a change in registration zone is detected. 
 
     
     
       13. The mobile wireless device as recited in  claim 9 , wherein the processor is further configured to cause the mobile wireless device to:
 detect a change in tracking area identifiers for the first wireless network as the mobile wireless device changes physical location; 
 map the detected tracking area identifiers to registration zones for the second wireless network; 
 determine a change in registration zones for the second wireless network as the mobile wireless device changes physical location using the mapped and detected tracking area identifiers; and 
 re-register the mobile wireless device with the second wireless network when determining a change in registration zones occurs. 
 
     
     
       14. The mobile wireless device as recited in  claim 9 , wherein the processor is further configured to cause the mobile wireless device to:
 detect a bearer type establishment associated with the IMS connection origination message received from the first wireless network; and 
 complete the mobile terminated voice connection through the second wireless network in response to the connection request from the second wireless network. 
 
     
     
       15. The mobile wireless device as recited in  claim 9 , wherein the processor is further configured to cause the mobile wireless device to:
 determine a physical location of the mobile wireless device based on location information for the mobile wireless device; and 
 re-register the mobile wireless device with second wireless network when a change in physical location of the mobile wireless device indicates a change in paging areas of the second wireless network. 
 
     
     
       16. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions for managing connections between a mobile wireless device and a plurality of wireless networks, the instructions, when executed by a processor of the mobile wireless device, cause the mobile wireless device to:
 register with a first wireless network to receive paging messages directly from the first wireless network; 
 register with a second wireless network to receive paging messages directly from the second wireless network; 
 receive an Internet Protocol Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) connection origination message from the first wireless network; and 
 in response to receiving the connection origination message, reject the IMS connection from the first wireless network by at least sending a message to the first wireless network without de-registering from the first wireless network; and 
 connect to the second wireless network in response to a paging message from the second wireless network. 
 
     
     
       17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium as recited in  claim 16 , wherein the connection origination message comprises a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) invite message, and the message sent to the first wireless network to reject the connection comprises a SIP reject message. 
     
     
       18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium as recited in  claim 16 , wherein execution of the instructions further causes the mobile wireless device to:
 detect a bearer type establishment associated with the connection origination message received from the first wireless network; 
 tune a receiver in the mobile wireless device from the first wireless network to the second wireless network when determining the bearer type establishment is for a mobile terminated voice connection through the first wireless network; and 
 complete the mobile terminated voice connection through the second wireless network after receiving a page message from the second wireless network. 
 
     
     
       19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium as recited in  claim 16 , wherein execution of the instructions further causes the mobile wireless device to:
 releasing a radio resource control (RRC) connection with the first wireless network before tuning to the second wireless network; and 
 establishing a new RRC connection with the first wireless network after retuning the single tunable receiver from the second wireless network back to the first wireless network. 
 
     
     
       20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium as recited in  claim 16 , wherein the first wireless network uses a Long Term Evolution (LTE) or Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) radio access technology (RAT), and the second wireless network uses a legacy 3G or 2G RAT.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/438,666, filed on Apr. 3, 2012, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/472,617, filed Apr. 6, 2011, the contents of each which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The described embodiments generally relate to methods and apparatuses for managing connections for mobile wireless devices. More particularly, the present embodiments describe connection management for mobile wireless devices that support multiple wireless networks where each wireless network can use a different wireless communication technology. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Wireless networks continue to evolve as new communication technologies develop and standardize. Current wireless network deployments include many variations in architecture, including support for multiple wireless communication technologies simultaneously by one or more wireless network service providers. A representative wireless network for a wireless network service provider can include support for one or more releases of wireless communication protocols specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and Third Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) communication standards organizations. The 3GPP develops mobile communication standards that include releases for Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE Advanced standards. The 3GPP2 develops wireless communication standards that include CDMA2000 1xRTT and 1xEV-DO standards. A representative wireless network for a wireless network service provider can include simultaneous support for one or more releases of the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) wireless communication standard and one or more releases of the Third Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) CDMA2000 1x (also referred to as 1xRTT or 1x) wireless communication standard. This representative simultaneous wireless network can support circuit switched voice connections through a CDMA2000 1x wireless network and packet switched connections (voice or data) through an LTE wireless network. 
     Dual receiver mobile wireless devices can include separate sets of circuitry known as receive signal chains for receiving signals from different wireless communication networks that can operate according to different wireless communication protocols that can use different wireless communication technology, particularly in the radio frequency access network portions of the wireless communication network. With separate receive signal chains, a dual receiver mobile wireless device can connect simultaneously to two different wireless communication networks that can use two different wireless communication technologies. The dual receiver mobile wireless device can independently receive pages from one wireless communication network, e.g. a CDMA2000 1x wireless network, through one receive signal chain and also receive pages from a second wireless communication network, e.g. an LTE wireless network through a second receive signal chain. Even when the dual receiver mobile wireless device is connected to and actively transferring data through the LTE wireless network using one of the receivers, the dual receiver mobile wireless device can receive a page requesting a separate voice connection from the CDMA2000 1x wireless network through a second receiver. Thus the dual receiver mobile wireless device can establish a mobile originated or a mobile terminated circuit switched voice connection over the CDMA2000 1x wireless network while also remaining connected to (or camped on) the packet switched LTE wireless network. 
     A single receiver mobile wireless device, however, can only camp on one wireless communication network at a time, e.g. either on the evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (eUTRAN) of the LTE wireless network or on the radio access network (RAN) of the CDMA2000 1x wireless network, but not to both wireless communication networks simultaneously. When the LTE wireless network does not support a circuit switched fall back (CSFB) mode or provide for voice over LTE (VoLTE) connections, the single receiver mobile wireless device can be unable to receive a page from the CDMA2000 1x wireless network and to establish a mobile terminated voice connection with the CDMA2000 1x wireless network when camped simultaneously on the eUTRAN of the LTE wireless network. Thus, there exists a need for a method whereby a single receiver mobile wireless device can achieve similar functionality to a dual receiver mobile wireless device, so that the single receiver mobile wireless device can retain the ability to complete a circuit switched voice connection through a first wireless network, such as the CDMA2000 1x wireless network, when camped on a second wireless network, such as on the eUTRAN of a parallel LTE wireless network. 
     SUMMARY OF THE DESCRIBED EMBODIMENTS 
     In one embodiment, a method of managing connections between a mobile wireless device and a plurality of wireless networks is described. The method includes at least the following steps. In a first step, the mobile wireless device registers with a first wireless network and also registers with a second wireless network. Subsequently, the mobile wireless device receives a connection origination message from the first wireless network and in response connects to the second wireless network. The first and second wireless networks each use a different wireless communication protocol. In some embodiments, the mobile wireless device sends a connection rejection message to the first wireless network before connecting to the second wireless network. In an embodiment, the first wireless network uses a 3GPP LTE wireless communication protocol and the second wireless network uses a 3GPP2 CDMA2000 1x wireless communication protocol. 
     In another embodiment, a mobile wireless device including a receiver and a configurable processor is described. The receiver is tunable to receive signals from a first wireless network and also to receive signals from a second wireless network. The processor is configured to register the mobile wireless device with the first and second wireless networks. The processor is also configured to receive a connection origination message from the first wireless network and in response establish a connection between the mobile wireless device and the second wireless network. The first and second wireless networks each use different wireless communication protocols. 
     In a further embodiment, non-transitory computer program product encoded in a non-transitory computer readable medium for managing connections between a mobile wireless device and a plurality of wireless networks is described. The non-transitory computer program product in the mobile wireless device includes the following non-transitory computer program code. Non-transitory computer program code for registering the mobile wireless device with a first wireless network and with a second wireless network. Non-transitory computer program code for receiving a connection origination message from the first wireless network and in response connecting the mobile wireless device to the second wireless network. The first and second wireless networks each use a different wireless communication protocol. In some embodiments, the non-transitory computer program product also includes the following non-transitory computer program code. Non-transitory computer program code for releasing one or more radio access bearers between the mobile wireless device and the first wireless network and for sending a connection rejection message to the first wireless network in response to receiving the connection origination message from the first wireless network. In addition, non-transitory computer program code for tuning the receiver of the mobile wireless device from the first wireless network to the second wireless network and for receiving a connection request from the second wireless network. In an embodiment, the connection origination message is a SIP invite message, and the connection rejection message is a SIP reject message. 
     Although described in terms of a CDMA2000 1x wireless network and an LTE wireless network, the embodiments disclosed herein can be extended to include GSM networks and UMTS networks as well. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The described embodiments and the advantages thereof may best be understood by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. 
         FIG. 1  illustrates components of a generic wireless communication network. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates components of a UMTS wireless communication network. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates components of a CDMA2000 1x wireless communication network. 
         FIG. 4  illustrates components of a LTE wireless communication network. 
         FIG. 5  illustrates several representative architectures for a mobile wireless communication device. 
         FIG. 6  illustrates a state transition diagram for a mobile wireless communication device for a UMTS wireless network and a GSM wireless network. 
         FIG. 7  illustrates a state transition diagram for a mobile wireless communication device for a UMTS wireless network, an LTE wireless network and a GSM wireless network. 
         FIG. 8  illustrates a state transition diagram for a mobile wireless communication device for an LTE wireless network and a CDMA2000 1x wireless network. 
         FIG. 9  illustrates a mobile wireless device connected to both an LTE wireless network and to a CDMA2000 1x wireless network. 
         FIG. 10  illustrates a state transition diagram for a mobile wireless device in an LTE wireless network. 
         FIG. 11  illustrates connection elements for a mobile wireless device in an LTE wireless network and in a CDMA2000 1x wireless network. 
         FIG. 12  illustrates representative paging cycles for an LTE wireless network operating in parallel with a CDMA2000 1x wireless network. 
         FIG. 13  illustrates a representative method for connection management of a mobile wireless device in communication with multiple wireless networks. 
         FIG. 14  illustrates a representative method for management of a mobile terminated connection for a mobile wireless device in communication with multiple wireless networks. 
         FIG. 15  illustrates a representative method for management of a mobile originated connection for a mobile wireless device in communication with multiple wireless networks. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SELECTED EMBODIMENTS 
     In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the concepts underlying the described embodiments. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the described embodiments may be practiced without some or all of these specific details. In other instances, well known process steps have not been described in detail in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the underlying concepts. 
     The examples and embodiments provided below describe various methods and apparatuses for managing connectivity in a wireless mobile wireless device, and in particular to connecting a mobile wireless device that has a single receiver to a plurality of wireless communication networks that use different wireless communication technologies, such as to an LTE wireless network and a CDMA2000 1x wireless network. It should be understood, however, that other implementations of the same methods and apparatuses can apply to mobile wireless devices used in other types of wireless networks. For example, the same teachings could also be applied to a GSM network and a UMTS network or to other wireless networks using voice and packet data wireless communications. In general, the teachings described herein can apply to a mobile wireless device operating in a wireless network based on radio access technology. The specific examples and implementations described herein are presented for simplicity in relation to an LTE wireless network interworking with a CDMA2000 1x wireless network but also can apply to other wireless network environments that use different wireless communication technologies in parallel. For example, the LTE wireless network can also be an LTE Advanced wireless network and the CDMA2000 1x wireless network can include the capability of a CDMA2000 EV-DO wireless network. 
     Wireless communication network deployments continue to evolve as wireless communication network technology advances and new or updated wireless communication protocols are standardized. Circuit switched networks continue to offer voice services while packet switched networks expand from data oriented services to include a multiplicity of services including video and packet voice. Wireless mobile wireless devices also continue to increase in functionality to supplement voice connections with multimedia internet connectivity. A typical “smart phone” can include wireless circuitry that can communicate over several different types of wireless networks including short range wireless, e.g. Bluetooth, medium range wireless, e.g. WiFi, and long range wireless, e.g. GSM/GPRS, UMTS, CDMA2000 1x/EV-DO and LTE/LTE-Advanced. Each wireless receiver in a mobile wireless device can consume significant amounts of battery power and can occupy a portion of limited board space available inside the mobile wireless device. In a mobile wireless device designed to a particular form factor, manufacturing cost point, and/or power consumption requirement based on a level of integrated circuitry available, a single long range wireless receiver can be preferred over including multiple long range wireless receivers in the mobile wireless device. A multiple long range wireless receiver mobile wireless device can connect to multiple long range wireless networks that can each use different wireless technologies, in some cases simultaneously; however a single long range wireless receiver device can connect to only one long range wireless network at a time. Providing a capability to switch between multiple long range wireless networks seamlessly with minimal service interruptions on a single receiver device can be desired. 
     Different wireless communication networks can use different wireless communication technologies. With a dual receiver mobile wireless device, separate sets of receiver circuitry can enable the dual receiver mobile wireless device to connect to the different wireless communication networks independently (and in some cases simultaneously). The dual receiver mobile wireless device can be actively connected to one of the wireless networks, such as an LTE wireless network, using one receiver and can receive pages from a second wireless network, such as a CDMA2000 1x wireless network through a second receiver. In this case, the dual receiver mobile wireless device can be provide a user of the device a data connection to the internet over the LTE wireless network and still receive mobile terminated voice connections through the CDMA2000 1x wireless network. Wireless network providers can deploy new wireless communication technology over many years, and mobile wireless devices capable of connecting using different wireless communication standards can be required during transitional periods, particularly as voice services migrate from circuit switched networks, such as a CDMA2000 1x wireless network, to packet switched networks, such as an LTE wireless network. 
     A mobile wireless device can include a single receiver through which signals can be received from a first wireless network or from a second wireless network individually but not simultaneously. The first and second wireless networks can be connected together between elements of their access network portions or their core network portions or both. In a representative embodiment, the first wireless network can be an LTE wireless network and the second wireless network can be a CDMA2000 1x wireless network. To notify each wireless network of its presence, the single receiver mobile wireless device can perform an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) registration on the LTE wireless network and can also perform and maintain a simultaneous registration with the CDMA2000 1x wireless network. As a normal mode of operation, the mobile wireless device can maintain an “idle mode” association with the CDMA2000 1x wireless network through the registration but can avoid periodically monitoring pages from the CDMA2000 1x wireless network during paging intervals using the single receiver. Thus the single receiver mobile wireless device need not periodically listen for pages transmitted by the CDMA2000 1x wireless network when camped on the LTE wireless network. The LTE wireless network can provide a connection request to the mobile wireless device, and the mobile wireless device can determine whether a connection is required on the LTE wireless network or on the parallel CDMA2000 1x wireless network in response to the connection request. 
     The single receiver mobile wireless device can maintain the “idle mode” state in the CDMA2000 1x wireless network by performing any required re-registrations as the mobile wireless device traverses through different registration zones of the CDMA2000 1x wireless network. A change in registration zone for the CDMA2000 1x wireless network can be determined by monitoring the physical location of the single receiver mobile wireless device through one or more different means. The single receiver mobile wireless device can include a global positioning system (GPS) receiver through which it can maintain knowledge of its own location and reference that location with respect to a database of registration zones for the CDMA2000 1x wireless network. The location of the single receiver mobile wireless device can also be estimated using knowledge of nearby cell sites and/or WiFi access points with knowledge also of their locations. After determining a change in physical location of the single receiver mobile wireless device that traverses boundaries of registration zones, the single receiver mobile wireless device can tune its single receiver from the LTE wireless network to the CDMA2000 1x wireless network to re-register in the new registration zone of the CDMA2000 1x wireless network. Alternatively, the single receiver mobile wireless device can periodically tune away its receiver from the LTE wireless network to the CDMA2000 1x wireless network to determine if the registration zone has changed. This periodic tuning away can be significantly less frequent than the frequency of paging cycles for the CDMA20001x network. The single receiver mobile wireless device need not monitor the periodic paging channel of the CDMA2000 1x wireless network based on the paging occasion according to the single receiver mobile wireless device&#39;s slot cycle index. Instead, the single receiver mobile wireless device can be notified of an incoming connection request over IMS through the eUTRAN of the LTE wireless network. Notification to the single receiver mobile wireless device can be sent by the LTE wireless network using a session initiation protocol (SIP) invite, for example, or through other similar means. 
     After being notified over the LTE wireless network of the incoming connection request, the single receiver mobile wireless device can tune its single receiver from the LTE wireless network to the CDMA2000 1x wireless network and can monitor the paging channel of the CDMA2000 1x wireless network during one or more paging intervals. Although the single receiver mobile wireless device can be notified of the incoming connection request through the LTE wireless network, no connection establishment using IMS need be completed through the LTE wireless network, and instead a circuit switched connection can be established through the parallel CDMA2000 1x wireless network. After tuning its single receiver to the CDMA2000 1x wireless network, the mobile wireless device can be able to receive pages from the CDMA 2000 1x network and can complete a circuit switched voice connection with the CDMA 2000 1x network. After the circuit switched voice connection on the CDMA2000 1x wireless network ends, the single receiver mobile wireless device can revert to a “normal” mode of operation in which the single receiver mobile wireless device can be camped on the eUTRAN of the LTE wireless network and can perform any required re-registrations on the CDMA2000 1x wireless network. 
     When the single receiver mobile wireless device initiates a mobile originated (MO) voice connection, the single receiver mobile wireless device can camp on the CDMA2000 1x wireless network and initiate a connection as described in the relevant 3GPP2 specification. The mobile wireless device can tune its single receiver from the LTE wireless network to the CDMA2000 1x wireless network without terminating an ongoing connection with the LTE wireless network. When the mobile originated voice connection terminates, the mobile wireless device can re-tune the single receiver back to the LTE wireless network and re-establish any lost connections, such as a radio resource control (RRC) connection with the LTE wireless network. 
     These and other embodiments are discussed below with reference to  FIGS. 1-15 . However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the detailed description given herein with respect to these figures is for explanatory purposes only and should not be construed as limiting. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a representative generic wireless communication network  100  that can include multiple mobile wireless devices  102  connected by radio links  126  to radio sectors  104  provided by a radio access network  128 . Each radio sector  104  can represent a geographic area of radio coverage emanating from an associated radio node  108  using a radio frequency carrier at a selected frequency. Radio sectors  104  can have different geometric shapes depending on antenna configuration, such as radiating outward in an approximate circle or hexagon from a centrally placed radio node  108  or cone shaped for a directional antenna from a corner placed radio node  108 . Radio sectors  104  can overlap in geographic area coverage so that the mobile wireless device  102  can receive signals from more than one radio sector  104  simultaneously. Each radio node  108  can generate one or more radio sectors  104  to which the mobile wireless device  102  can connect by one or more radio links  126 . 
     In some wireless networks  100 , the mobile wireless device  102  can be connected to more than one radio sector  104  simultaneously. The multiple radio sectors  104  to which the mobile wireless device  102  is connected can come from a single radio node  108  or from separate radio nodes  108  that can share a common radio controller  110 . A group of radio nodes  108  together with the associated radio controller  110  can be referred to as a radio access subsystem  106 . Typically each radio node  108  in a radio access subsystem  106  can include a set of radio frequency transmitting and receiving equipment mounted on an antenna tower, and the radio controller  110  connected to the radio nodes  108  can include electronic equipment for controlling and processing transmitted and received radio frequency signals. The radio controller  110  can manage the establishment, maintenance and release of the radio links  126  that connect the mobile wireless device  102  to the radio access network  128 . 
     The radio access network  128 , which provides radio frequency air link connections to the mobile wireless device  102 , connects also to a core network  112  that can include a circuit switched domain  122 , usually used for voice traffic, and a packet switched domain  124 , usually used for data traffic. Radio controllers  110  in the radio access subsystems  106  of the radio access network  128  can connect to both a circuit switching center  118  in the circuit switched domain  122  and a packet switching node  120  in the packet switched domain of the core network  112 . The circuit switching center  118  can route circuit switched traffic, such as a voice call, to a public switched telephone network (PSTN)  114 . The packet switching node  120  can route packet switched traffic, such as a “connectionless” set of data packets, to a public data network (PDN)  116 . 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a representative UMTS wireless communication network  200  that can include one or more user equipment (UE)  202  that can communicate with a UMTS terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN)  242  that can connect to a core network (CN)  236 . The core network  236  can include a circuit switched domain  238  that can connect the UE  202  to a public switched telephone network (PSTN)  232  and a packet switched domain  240  that can connect the UE  202  to a packet data network (PDN)  234 . The UTRAN  242  can include one or more radio network sub-systems (RNS)  204 / 214  each of which can include a radio network controller (RNC)  208 / 212  and one or more Node-Bs (base stations)  206 / 210 / 216  managed by a corresponding RNC. The RNC  208 / 212  within the UTRAN  242  can be interconnected to exchange control information and manage packets received from and destined to the UE  202 . Each RNC  208 / 212  can handle the assignment and management of radio resources for the cells  244  through which the UE  202  connect to the wireless network  200  and can operate as an access point for the UE  202  with respect to the core network  236 . The Node-B  206 / 210 / 216  can receive information sent by the physical layer of UE  202  through an uplink and transmit data to UE  202  through a downlink and can operate as access points of the UTRAN  242  for UE  202 . 
     UTRAN  242  can construct and maintain a radio access bearer (RAB) for communication between UE  202  and the core network  236 . Services provided to a specific UE  202  can include circuit switched (CS) services and packet switched (PS) services. For example, a general voice conversation can be transported through a circuit switched service, while a Web browsing application can provide access to the World Wide Web (WWW) through an internet connection that can be classified as a packet switched (PS) service. To support circuit switched services, the RNC  208 / 212  can connect to the mobile switching center (MSC)  228  of core network  236 , and MSC  228  can be connected to gateway mobile switching center (GMSC)  230 , which can manage connections to other networks, such as the PSTN  232 . To support packet switched services, the RNC  208 / 212  can also be connected to serving general packet radio service (GPRS) support node (SGSN)  224 , which can connect to gateway GPRS support node (GGSN)  226  of core network  236 . SGSN  224  can support packet communications with the RNC  208 / 212 , and the GGSN  226  can manage connections with other packet switched networks, such as the PDN  234 . A representative PDN  234  can be the “Internet”. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates a representative CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  that can include elements comparable to those described earlier for the generic wireless network  100  and the UMTS wireless network  200 . Multiple mobile stations  302  can connect to one or more radio sectors  304  through radio frequency links  326 . Each radio sector  304  can radiate outward from a base transceiver station (BTS)  308  that can connect to a base station controller (BSC)  310 , together forming a base station subsystem (BSS)  306 . Multiple base station subsystems  306  can be aggregated to form a radio access network  328 . Base station controllers  310  in different base station subsystems  306  can be interconnected. The base station controllers  310  can connect to both a circuit switched domain  322  that use multiple mobile switching centers (MSC)  318  and a packet switched domain  324  formed with packet data service nodes (PDSN)  320 , which together can form a core network  312  for the wireless network  300 . As with the other wireless networks  100 / 200  described above, the circuit switched domain  322  of the core network  312  can interconnect to the PSTN  114 , while the packet switched domain  324  of the core network  312  can interconnect to the PDN  116 . 
       FIG. 4  illustrates a representative Long Term Evolution (LTE) wireless network  400  architecture designed as a packet switched network exclusively. A mobile terminal  402  can connect to an evolved radio access network  422  through radio links  426  associated with radio sectors  404  that emanate from evolved Node B′s (eNodeB)  410 . The eNodeB  410  includes the functions of both the transmitting and receiving base stations (such as the Node B  206  in the UMTS network  200  and the BTS  308  in the CDMA2000 network  300 ) as well as the base station radio controllers (such as the RNC  212  in the UMTS network  200  and the BSC  310  in the CDMA2000 network  300 ). The equivalent core network of the LTE wireless network  400  is an evolved packet core network  420  including serving gateways  412  that interconnect the evolved radio access network  422  to public data network (PDN) gateways  416  that connect to external internet protocol (IP) networks  418 . Multiple eNodeB  410  can be grouped together to form an evolved UTRAN (eUTRAN)  406 . The eNodeB  410  can also be connected to a mobility management entity (MME)  414  that can provide control over connections for the mobile terminal  402 . 
     As a packet switched only network, the LTE wireless network  400  can require either a packet voice service, such as a voice over LTE (VoLTE) service to provide voice connections through the LTE wireless network  400  to the mobile terminal  402 , or a circuit switched fall back (CSFB) service. In some areas, as the wireless networks evolve during deployment, neither a VoLTE or CSFB service can be supported by either the LTE wireless network  400  or by the mobile terminal  402  (or both). In this case, packet switched services can provide “data” connectivity, while circuit switched services on a parallel wireless network, such as the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 , can provide voice services. The mobile wireless device must be capable of connecting on both the LTE wireless network  400  and the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  to offer the user a full complement of services, although connectivity to both wireless networks simultaneously need not be required. When configured with only a single receiver, the mobile wireless device can be “idly” camped on or “actively” connected to only one wireless network at a time. The single receiver mobile wireless device can be unable to receive pages directly from the network on which it is not camped or connected; however, an indirect method to indicate the availability of pages for the other network can be provided by the current network as described herein. By rapidly switching when required between an LTE wireless network  400  over which packet oriented data connections can exist to the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  over which mobile originated or mobile terminated circuit switched oriented voice connections can be established can provide the single receiver mobile wireless device non-simultaneous voice and data connectivity over wireless networks that use different wireless communication protocols. 
       FIG. 5  illustrates select elements for several different architectures that can be used in a mobile wireless device. A dual receiver mobile wireless device  500  can include a first transceiver  504  that can process signals according to a first wireless communication protocol and a second transceiver  506  that can process signals according to a second wireless communication protocol. The first transceiver  504  can be interconnected to the second transceiver  506  to provide control information between them enabling coordinated transmission and reception to minimize interference. Both the first transceiver  504  and the second transceiver  506  can be connected to an application processor (AP)  506  that can provide higher layer functions, such as requesting establishment and release of connections for various resident application services. The transceivers  504 / 506  can provide the lower layer functions that can support the transport of data for the higher layer services ordered by the application processor  502 . The first transceiver  504  as shown can be connected to a first antenna  508  that can transmit and receive signals according to the first wireless communication protocol. The second transceiver  506  can be connected to a second antenna  510  and a third antenna  512  that can transmit and receive signals according to a second wireless communication protocol. The use of multiple antennas for certain wireless communication protocols can provide improved performance (e.g. higher data rates and/or better immunity to noise/interference) compared to a single antenna configuration. For example, a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) scheme can be used for mobile terminals  402  connected to the LTE wireless network  400 . The dual transceiver architecture shown for the mobile wireless device  500  can provide the capability to connect to one wireless network, such as the LTE wireless network  400  through one of the transceivers, e.g. the second transceiver  506 , while still receiving pages from another wireless network, such as the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  through another transceiver, e.g. the first transceiver  504 . 
       FIG. 5  illustrates a second dual receiver mobile wireless device  520  having an arrangement to share the first antenna  508  and the second antenna  510  between the first transceiver  504  and the second transceiver  506  through a switching network  522 . When the wireless communication protocols for the transceivers  504 / 506  can require only one antenna each, then both transceivers  504 / 506  can operate simultaneously with each transceiver  504 / 506  connected to a single one of the antennas  508 / 510 . When the communication protocol for at least one of the transceivers  504 / 506  requires both of the antennas  508 / 510  for operation, the second dual receiver mobile wireless device  520  can alternate between transceivers for separate connections. The switch  522  can provide the flexibility to connect the antennas  508 / 510  to one or both of the transceivers  504 / 506  at any time. 
     Multiple transceivers  504 / 506  can require more space and can consume additional power in the mobile wireless device, and a multi-functional single receiver mobile wireless device  530  can be more compact and power efficient. The single receiver mobile wireless device  530  can include a dual mode transceiver  532  connected to the first and second antennas  508 / 510  and can provide the capability to connect to two different wireless networks individually but not simultaneously, particularly when at least one of the wireless networks can require the use of multiple antennas, such as an LTE wireless communications protocol that mandates the use of at least two receivers in a mobile wireless terminal  402 . When connected to the LTE wireless network  400 , the dual mode transceiver  532  can use both antennas  508 / 510  for transmission and reception of radio frequency signals. By an indirect signaling method, the dual mode transceiver  532  can receive notice that a separate CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  seeks to make a connection with the single receiver mobile wireless device  530 . Direct reception of pages from the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  intended for the single receiver mobile wireless device  530  can be not received when the dual mode transceiver  532  is tuned to a radio frequency required for the LTE wireless network  400 . To connect to the separate CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 , the dual mode transceiver  532  can partially or wholly sever connections with the LTE wireless network  400  and tune the dual mode transceiver  532  to a radio frequency appropriate for the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 , which can differ from radio frequencies used for the LTE wireless network  400 . Upon completion of the connection with the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 , the mobile wireless device  530  can re-tune the dual mode transceiver  532  to a radio frequency required for the LTE wireless network  400  and re-establish a connection if required. Establishing and releasing connections, as well as changing between wireless networks that use different wireless technologies can be summarized in several state transition diagrams as follows next. 
       FIG. 6  illustrates a state transition diagram  600  having several states for a radio resource control (RRC) portion of a protocol stack for a UE  202  in a combined UMTS/GSM network. The UE  202  can be in an unconnected IDLE state  624 , in a UTRA RRC connected state  610  or in a GSM connected state  616 . In IDLE state  624 , UE  202  can request an RRC connection to establish radio resources for communication with a wireless network whenever data is available to exchange between UE  202  and the UTRAN  242 . Establishing the RRC connection can occur when an application on UE  202  requires a connection to send data or retrieve data from the network, when initiating a mobile voice connection, and when terminating a connection for the UE  202  after receiving a page on a paging channel from the UTRAN  242  or SGSN  224  indicating data available from an external data network. Once UE  202  has sent a request to UTRAN  242  to establish a radio connection, UTRAN  242  can choose a state for the RRC connection. The UTRA RRC connected state can include four separate states, CELL_DCH state  606 , CELL_FACH state  608 , CELL PCH state  604  and URA PCH state  602 . 
     From a UTRAN “idle” state  612  within the IDLE state  624 , UE  202  can transition to the CELL FACH state  608 , in which it can make an initial data transfer, subsequent to which the wireless network can determine which RRC connected state to use for continued data transfer. The wireless network can move UE  202  into the Cell Dedicated Channel (CELL_DCH) state  606  or keep UE  202  in the Cell Forward Access Channel (CELL_FACH) state  608 . In CELL_DCH state  606 , a dedicated channel can be allocated to UE  202  for both uplink and downlink to exchange data. The CELL_DCH state  606 , with a dedicated physical channel allocated to UE  202 , can typically consume more battery power from UE  202  than the other states, and significantly more battery power than the IDLE state  624 . Alternatively, rather than place the UE  202  in the CELL_DCH state, UTRAN  242  can maintain UE  202  in a CELL_FACH state  608 . In a CELL FACH state  608  no dedicated channel can be allocated to UE  202 . Instead, common channels can be used to send signaling in relatively small bursts of data. However, UE  202  can continue to monitor common channels in the CELL_FACH state  608 , and therefore the UE  202  can consume more battery power than in select alternative states, namely CELL_PCH state  604  and URA_PCH state  602 , as well as compared to IDLE state  624 . The UE  202  can transition between the UTRAN “idle” state  612  to the GSM/GPRS “idle” state  614  through a process known as reselection  622 . The reselection  622  process can include retuning a single transceiver in a mobile wireless device between different frequencies and also using different algorithms and methods to transmit and send signals, as the different networks can use completely different communications protocols. The UE  202  can also transition between the UTRA “RRC connected” state  610  to the GSM/GPRS “connected” state  616  through a process referred to as inter-radio access technology (RAT) handover  618 . For certain wireless communication protocols, a handover between one wireless network using one wireless communications technologies and a second wireless network using a different wireless technology can occur while maintaining an active connection. For other wireless communication protocols, the handover can occur only in an idle state, i.e. active connections cannot be maintained upon handover, which can thus require releasing and establishing connections (transitions  620 ). For a single receiver mobile wireless device  530 , an active connection on a first wireless network can be released, suspended or dropped indirectly (e.g. non-responsive timeout) when transitioning the transceiver from a from the first wireless network to a second wireless network. When returning to the first wireless network, connections can be re-established. If the two wireless networks permit a seamless transition, an inter-RAT handover  618  between connected states can be possible allowing for the time required to transition the internal circuitry between different wireless communication technologies. 
       FIG. 7  extends the state transition diagram of  FIG. 6  to include states for the LTE wireless network  400 . Transitions between an active E-UTRAN connected state  704  and the connected states of the GSM/UMTS networks can be accomplished through inter-RAT handovers  618 . Transitions between the E-UTRAN connected state  704  and the E-UTRAN idle state  702  can be effected by establishing and releasing connections  620 . Transitions between the E-UTRAN idle state  702  and the idle states of the GSM/GPRS/UMTS networks can use reselection  622  processes. In addition to transitions between connected states and between idle states, a mobile wireless device can also transition from a UTRA RRC connected state  610  or a GSM/GPRS connected state  616  to a E-UTRAN idle state  702  by reselection  622 . 
       FIG. 8  illustrates a state transition diagram between states in an LTE wireless network  400  and in a CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 . A mobile wireless device in the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  can be in a 1xRTT/EV-DO idle state  802  and can establish and release connections  622  to transition between the 1xRTT/EV-DO idle state  802  and a 1xRTT/EV-DO connected state  804 . Transition between the 1xRTT/EV-DO idle state  802  and the E-UTRAN IDLE state  702  can be realized through a reselection  622  process, while transition between the 1xRTT/EV-DO connected state  804  can be realized using the inter-RAT handover  618  procedure. The inter-RAT handover  618  permits maintaining a current connection while transitioning between two networks that use two different wireless communication protocols. When establishing a new separate connection using a different wireless communication protocol, a dual transceiver mobile wireless device can use the second transceiver to establish the new connection; however a single transceiver mobile wireless device can only communicate with one network at a time. As such, in order to change from a connected state on a first wireless network to a connected state on a second wireless network, the single transceiver mobile wireless device can transition from a connected state on the first wireless network to an idle state (e.g. by releasing the connection) and then reselect to the second wireless network before establishing a new connection with the second wireless network. 
       FIG. 9  illustrates a mobile wireless device  902  capable of communicating with the LTE wireless network  400  and also communicating with the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  through radio links  426  to the E Node B  410  in the LTE wireless network  400  or through radio links  326  to the BTS  308  in the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  respectively. When connected to the LTE wireless network  400 , the mobile wireless device  902 , which can contain only a single transceiver and can therefore be able to connect actively to only one wireless network at a time, can be unable to receive pages that include a connection request to the mobile wireless device  902  from the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 . The CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 , however, can be interconnected with the LTE wireless network  400  through one or more connections between elements of their respective core networks  312 / 420 . In particular the mobility management entity (MME)  414  in the LTE wireless network  400  can provide control functions for mobility of the mobile wireless device  902  between the LTE wireless network  400  and the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 . The mobile wireless device  902  can be registered with the MME  414  on the LTE wireless network  400 . The MME  414  can provide tracking and paging of the mobile wireless device  902  when registered with the LTE wireless network  400 . When seeking to establish radio access bearers for the mobile wireless device  902  in the LTE wireless network  400  or to provide handovers within the LTE wireless network  400  between different E Node Bs  410 , the MME  414  can also interact with the E Node B  410  and the serving gateway  412 . 
     If the mobile wireless device  902  is camped on or connected to the LTE wireless network  400  and a voice call connection request occurs on the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 , the mobile switching center (MSC)  300  in the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  can provide an indication of the incoming voice connection request to the MME  414 . Through a mechanism known as circuit switched fallback (CSFB), the mobile wireless device  902  can transition from the LTE wireless network  400  over to the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  to receive the incoming voice connection request on the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 . CSFB allows a mobile wireless device  902  registered on the LTE wireless network  400  to be “known” to the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 , i.e. the MME  414  in the LTE wireless network  400  can register the mobile wireless device  902  with the MSC  300  in the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 . While the indication of an incoming voice connection request to the mobile wireless device  902  can occur through the LTE wireless network  400 , the actual circuit switched voice connection can occur through the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 . If the mobile wireless device  902  is actively connected to the LTE wireless network  400 , the MME  414  can forward to incoming voice connection request to the mobile wireless device  902 , which can respond affirmatively or deny the request. If the mobile wireless device  902  is in an idle mode in the LTE wireless network  400 , then the LTE wireless network  400  can page the mobile wireless device  902 , thereby establishing an RRC connection for signaling the voice connection request from the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  to the mobile wireless device  902 . In either case, the mobile wireless device  902  can then terminate (or suspend) any current data and signaling connections with the LTE wireless network  400  in order to switch its single transceiver over to the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  in order to receive a page for the voice connection request. 
     A primary method intended for voice connections between the mobile wireless device  902  and the LTE wireless network  400  can use a packet voice method known as IMS VoLTE rather than CSFB. The MSC  300  can interact with the call session control function (CSCF)  418  in the LTE wireless network  400  to cause an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) voice over LTE (VoLTE) connection to start through a session internet protocol (SIP) invite message originating from the P/I/S-CSCF  418  entity, which can be communicated to the mobile wireless device  902  through the E Node B  410 . When the mobile wireless device  902  and the LTE  400  can support an IMS VoLTE service, the mobile wireless device  902  can complete a call to another mobile wireless device on a separate wireless network; however, when the IMS VoLTE service is not available in the LTE wireless network  400  or the mobile wireless device  902  is unable to support the IMS VoLTE service, a different method to provide voice connections for the mobile wireless device  902  can be required. In particular, the mobile wireless device  902  can use an existing CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  to form a voice connection based on an alternative method that differs from the CSFB method or the IMS VoLTE method described above. The mobile wireless device  902  can be registered simultaneously on the LTE wireless network  400  and the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 . The mobile wireless device  902  can be normally camped on or connected to the LTE wireless network  400  and can switch to the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  to establish circuit switched voice connections when notified of an incoming voice connection through the LTE wireless network  400 . As the mobile wireless device  902  can be registered on both the LTE wireless network  400  and the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  simultaneously, each wireless network can page the mobile wireless device  902  independently. The LTE wireless network  400  can attempt to form a voice connection through the LTE wireless network  400  to the mobile wireless device  902 , and in response the mobile wireless device  902  can switch over to the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  to receive a parallel page and form a connection through the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  instead of through the LTE wireless network  400 . 
       FIG. 10  illustrates a state transition diagram  1000  for the mobile wireless device  902  operating in the LTE wireless network  400 . When powering on from a “powered off” mobile wireless device “off” state  1002 , the mobile wireless device  902  enters an LTE detached stated  1004 , in which the mobile wireless device  902  can be not yet associated with (or known to) to the LTE wireless network  400 . The mobile wireless device  902  can search for and register with the LTE wireless network  400  in the LTE detached state  1004 . After the mobile wireless device  902  registers with the LTE wireless network  400 , the mobile wireless device can enter an LTE active state  1006  and can have a radio resource control (RRC) connection to the E Node B  410  in the LTE wireless network  400 . The mobile wireless device  902  in the LTE active state  1006  can be located by the LTE wireless network  400  down to the cell/radio sector level. If the mobile wireless device  902  changes location while in the LTE active state  1006 , any changes in cells/radio sectors to which the mobile wireless device  902  is connected can be managed and known to the LTE wireless network  400 . When the mobile wireless device  902  has no data to send or receive with the LTE wireless network  400 , in order to conserve power the mobile wireless device  902  can transition to an LTE idle state  1008 . While in the LTE idle state  1008 , the mobile wireless device  902  can be tracked only to a granularity known as a tracking area, which can include a set of cells/radio sectors that each use different E Node Bs  410 . To determine the specific cell in which the mobile wireless device  902  can be located in the LTE idle state  1008 , the LTE wireless network  400  can page the mobile wireless device  902  before establishing a mobile terminated connection with the mobile wireless device  902 . When the mobile wireless device  902  changes location while in the LTE idle state  1008 , the mobile wireless device  902  can determine and send updates to the LTE wireless network  400  when traversing tracking area boundaries. 
     In order for the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  to be aware of the mobile wireless device  902 , the mobile wireless device  902  can register with the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  (in addition to registering with the LTE wireless network  400 ). The mobile wireless device  902  can perform a power up registration with the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  when the mobile wireless device  902  boots up. The mobile wireless device  902  can then camp on an eNodeB  410  of an eUTRAN  406  in the parallel LTE wireless network  400  and can periodically re-register with the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  as required. After boot up, the mobile wireless device  902  can tune its single receiver away from the eUTRAN  406  of the LTE wireless network  400  with which it is registered and can perform periodic timer based registration, distance based registration, zone based registration and/or parameter change based registration with the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  as required. Thus, while the mobile wireless device  902  can be camped on the eUTRAN  406  of the LTE wireless network  400  normally, the mobile wireless device  902  can tune to the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  to perform any required re-registrations to maintain a locatable presence with the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 . Registrations with the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  can ensure that the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  can locate the mobile wireless device  902  and can deliver any pages to a correct group of cell sites of the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  for the mobile wireless device  902  to receive. 
       FIG. 11  illustrates several different connections that can exist simultaneously between the mobile wireless device  902  and the LTE wireless network  400  and the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 . When in an active state, the mobile wireless device  902  can have one or more radio bearers  1104  allocated that can connect the mobile wireless device  902  to the eNodeB  410  of the access portion of the LTE wireless network  400 . A default evolved packet system (EPS) bearer  1106  can be assigned to the mobile wireless device  902  when connecting to the LTE wireless network  400  and can be used for radio resource control (RRC) signaling. Additional dedicated EPS bearers  1106  can be assigned to the mobile wireless device  902  to support data traffic services having particular quality of service (QoS) characteristics required for the particular data traffic service carried on the dedicated EPS bearer  1106 . Setup of the dedicated EPS bearers  1106  can be considered analogous to establishing a packet data protocol (PDP) context in a GSM/GPRS/UMTS network  200 . Before the mobile wireless device  902  can receive an IMS service over the LTE wireless network  400 , the mobile wireless device  902  can complete an IMS registration  1108  with the call session control function (CSCF) shown in the P/I/S-CSCF  418  block of the LTE wireless network  400 . The mobile wireless device  902  can have established a default EPS bearer  1106  that can be used for IMS signaling. Following IMS registration (and authentication) services can be provided to the mobile wireless device  902  by the LTE wireless network  400 . 
     Similar to radio bearers  1104  on the LTE wireless network  400 , one or more radio links  1110  on the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  can transport signals between the mobile wireless device  902  and the base transceiver system (BTS)  308 . To receive voice connection requests, the mobile wireless device  902  can perform a voice registration  1114  with the home location register (HLR)  1102  that can contain subscriber information in the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 . For data services in the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 , a data registration  1112  of the mobile wireless device  902  and receipt and delivery of packet data can be handled by the packet data serving node (PDSN)  320 . For a single receiver mobile wireless device  902 , we can expect that data services can be provided through the LTE wireless network  400 , while voice services can be provided through the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  (in the absence of CSFB or VoLTE services). As such, registration on the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  as described herein can refer to “voice” registration  1114  rather than to “data” registration  1112 . 
     The mobile wireless device  902  can use knowledge of its own location for zone based registration with the LTE wireless network  400  and the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 . The mobile wireless device  902  can use a location technique such as available from GPS or harvested from WiFi access point locations or from LTE cell/radio sector site data to keep track of its own location. During a location change, while camped on or connected to the LTE wireless network  400 , the mobile wireless device  902  can tune away from the eUTRAN  406  of the LTE wireless network  400  to ensure that the mobile wireless device  902  keeps track of registration zones for the CDMA2000 1x wireless network (or for any accompanying changes of registration zones of the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 ). The mobile wireless device  902  can perform any zone based re-registrations as required while its receiver is tuned to the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 . When the mobile wireless device  902  does not store data of registration zones (e.g. no previously harvested data) for the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 , the mobile wireless device  902  can query a server to learn LTE wireless network  400  cell/radio sector site information and/or WiFi access point information and thereby retrieve registration zones for the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 . Maintaining registration with the LTE wireless network  400  and the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  simultaneously and accurately updating location information of the mobile wireless device  902  within the wireless networks  300 / 400  can ensure that pages destined for the mobile wireless device  902  can be sent to the correct cells/radio sectors in the respective wireless networks  300 / 400 . 
       FIG. 12  illustrate representative paging cycles  1200 / 1202  for the LTE wireless network  400  and the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  respectively. The LTE paging cycle  1200  can consist of a series of 10 ms time periods during which a page can be received by the mobile wireless device  902 , each time period separated by a time interval spanning 320 to 2560 ms. In a typical LTE wireless network  400  configuration, successive paging periods in the LTE paging cycle  1200  can be spaced 1280 ms apart. To conserve battery power, the mobile wireless device  902  in an LTE idle state  1008  can power up its receiver during the 10 ms LTE paging time period and power down the receiver in between the LTE paging time periods. The CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  paging cycle  1202  can include 80 ms paging periods, each paging period separated by a time interval spanning 1.28 to 163.84 seconds. In a typical CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 , the paging periods can be separated by 5.12 seconds. Rather than have the mobile wireless device  902  switch between the LTE wireless network  400  and the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  to listen for pages during each paging period of the CDMA2000 paging cycle  1202 , the mobile wireless device  902  can rely on a direct or on an indirect indication from the LTE wireless network  400  of an incoming request to establish a voice connection with the mobile wireless device  902  received through the LTE wireless network  400  as described next. 
     The P/I/S-CSCF  418  block in the LTE wireless network  400  can send a SIP invite message (or another equivalent message) to the mobile wireless device  902  that can contain information about one or more target cells/radio sectors in the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  in which the mobile wireless device  902  can be expected to receive pages requesting to establish an incoming voice connection with the mobile wireless device  902 . Information provided in the SIP invite message by the LTE wireless network  400  can help the mobile wireless device  902  to camp on the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  as early as possible to listen for an incoming voice connection request and thus to reduce call setup latency for incoming voice connections. The SIP invite message can be a “request” type message inviting the mobile wireless device  902  to participate in a call session. In a “normal” SIP session, the receiving end point (i.e. the mobile wireless device  902 ) can respond to the SIP invite message by sending an affirmative or failure response, to which the originating end point (i.e. the P/I/S-CSCF  418 ) can return an ACK or BYE message. The body of the SIP invite message can contain information on CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  cells/radio sectors over which pages can be sent to the mobile wireless device  902  in order to form a mobile terminated voice connection with the mobile wireless device  902  through the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 . The LTE wireless network  400  thus can act as a “relay” for establishing a voice connection with the mobile wireless device  902  through the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 . Essentially, the mobile wireless device  902  can be paged simultaneously on both the LTE wireless network  400 , to which it can be connected or on which it can be camped, and on the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 , on which it can be registered but not connected or camped. As the mobile wireless device  902  can contain a single receiver tuned to the LTE wireless network  400  and not contain a second receiver tuned to the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 , the “relay” function provided by the LTE wireless network  400  can inform the mobile wireless device  902  about incoming pages requesting voice connections from the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  so that the mobile wireless device  902  can re-tune to the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  to receive a page requesting a voice connection and then to establish a voice connection with the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 . 
     When the mobile wireless device  902  receives a page from the LTE wireless network  400  to establish a voice connection, the mobile wireless device  902  can reject the page from the LTE wireless network  400  indirectly based on knowledge of the dedicated EPS bearer  1106  being established for the received page. The mobile wireless device  902  can detect a bearer type during EPS bearer  1106  establishment. When the mobile wireless device  902  detects that a bearer is being established for a mobile terminated (MT) voice call on the eUTRAN  406  of the LTE wireless network  400  over IMS, the mobile wireless device  902  can tune its receiver to the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  in order to receive a page message from the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  and subsequently complete the MT voice call establishment through the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  rather than completing the voice over IMS call through the LTE wireless network  400 . The mobile wireless device  902  can switch from the LTE wireless network  400  to the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  without responding to the page from the LTE wireless network  400  directly. Parallel paging of the mobile wireless device  902  in the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  and the LTE wireless network  400  can ensure that the mobile wireless device  902  can receive an incoming call irrespective of the current wireless network on which it can be camped. The LTE wireless network  400  can send the SIP invite message with a format similar to what would be sent to a mobile wireless device  902  that can support VoLTE; however, a mobile wireless device  902  that does not support VoLTE can instead establish a voice connection through the parallel CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  rather than through the LTE wireless network  400 . 
     The mobile wireless device  902  can also respond to the page received from the LTE wireless network  400  by sending an explicit reject message to the LTE wireless network  400  in response to the IMS invite message and can bring down an associated dedicated LTE EPS bearer  1106 . The mobile wireless device  902  can send a SIP reject to the LTE wireless network  400  by using a 4xx code or other existing or custom code that can indicate to the LTE wireless network  400  that the voice connection will not be completed through the LTE wireless network  400 . The response to the IMS invite message need not indicate to the LTE wireless network  400  that the mobile wireless device  902  will connect instead through the parallel CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 . In addition to rejecting the page received from the LTE wireless network  400  and to releasing any dedicated EPS bearer  1106  being established, the mobile wireless device  902  can also initiate a radio resource control (RRC) connection release with the LTE wireless network  400 . The RRC connection release can trigger a mobile management entity (MME)  414  in the LTE wireless network  400  to complete an 51 context release. The default EPS bearer  1106  can thus also be brought down by the mobile wireless device  902  when responding to the IMS invite message in addition to any dedicated EPS bearer  1106 . 
     The mobile wireless device  902  can also send an explicit SIP reject message in response to the IMS invite message received from the LTE wireless network  400  and can tune its single receiver to the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  immediately without releasing an established default EPS bearer  1106 . The mobile wireless device  902  can send a SIP reject by using a 4xx code or other existing or custom code, as above, but the RRC connection can be not released before tuning the receiver in the mobile wireless device  902  to the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  from the LTE wireless network  400 . The mobile wireless device  902  can tune its single receiver to the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  immediately, which can allow for quicker reception of a page from the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 . 
     Network planning for the eUTRAN  406  in the LTE wireless network  400  can be implemented in a manner such that a tracking area identifier (TAI) in the LTE wireless network  400  can be mapped to one or more registration zones in the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 . The LTE wireless network  400  can plan the set of TAI such that the mobile wireless device  902  can detect a change in CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  registration zone based on a change in the TAI for the LTE wireless network  400 . Thus, the mobile wireless device  902  can register with the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 , initially upon power up, and can expect to have pages sent to appropriate cells/radio sectors in the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  until a change in registration zone is detected (e.g. indirectly through knowledge of the TAI) by the mobile wireless device  902 . With an alignment of the TAI of the LTE wireless network  400  with the registration zones of the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 , the mobile wireless device  902  can more easily detect a CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  registration zone change, and hence with the alignment the mobile terminated call performance rate of the mobile wireless device  902  can be improved. 
     The mobile wireless device  902  can be paged simultaneously through the eUTRAN  406  of the LTE wireless network  400  and through the BSS  306  in the radio access network  328  of the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 . The mobile wireless device  902  can receive an IMS SIP invite message delivered through the eUTRAN  406  of the LTE wireless network and can then tune its single receiver to the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 . Simultaneous paging over both the LTE wireless network  400  and the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  can reduce call set up latency and can require less state management. When the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  has a larger slot cycle index than the paging cycle of the LTE wireless network  400  and of the paging cycle of the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 , repeat paging can be used and the chance of the mobile wireless device  902  missing a page can be reduced. 
     When the mobile wireless device  902  originates a circuit switched call, the mobile wireless device  902  can tune its receiver from the LTE wireless network  400  to the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 . The mobile wireless device  902  can camp on the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  and can originate a circuit switched mobile originated voice connection according to relevant 3GPP2 specifications. The mobile wireless device  902  can choose to perform an RRC connection release with the eUTRAN  406  of the LTE wireless network  400  prior to switching its transceiver to the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 . Alternatively, to reduce call set up latency, the mobile wireless device  902  can choose to switch its transceiver to the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  immediately when initiating a circuit switched voice connection over the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  without performing an RRC connection release to the LTE wireless network  400 . When the voice connection between the mobile wireless device  902  and the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  last a relatively short time period, the RRC connection to the LTE wireless network  300  can still be present when the mobile wireless device  902  retunes its transceiver to the LTE wireless network  400  from the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 . For sufficiently long voice connections between the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300  and the mobile wireless device  902 , however, a timeout for the RRC connection between the mobile wireless device  902  and the LTE wireless network  400  can occur. A new RRC connection between the mobile wireless device  902  and the LTE wireless network  400  can be re-established if required. 
       FIG. 13  illustrates a method  1300  for managing connections between the mobile wireless device  902  and two different wireless networks. In step  1302 , the mobile wireless device  902  registers with a first wireless network. In step  1304 , the mobile wireless device  902  registers with a second wireless network, different from the first wireless network. In a representative embodiment, the first and second wireless networks use two different wireless communication technologies. The mobile wireless device  902  is registered simultaneously on the two different wireless networks. The mobile wireless device  902 , in step  1306 , receives a connection origination message from the first wireless network. The connection origination message, in one embodiment, can request a connection through the first wireless network, while in another embodiment, the connection origination message can indicate an incoming connection request for the second wireless network. In step  1308 , the mobile wireless device  902  can connect to the second wireless network rather than to the first wireless network from which the connection request was received by the mobile wireless device  902 . In a representative embodiment, the mobile wireless device  902  can include a single receiver that can be tuned to either the first wireless network or to the second wireless network. The mobile wireless device  902  can include only the single receiver rather than dual receivers, and thus the mobile wireless device  902  can be incapable of receiving signals, such as paging messages, from the second wireless network when connected to the first wireless network. 
       FIG. 14  illustrates another method  1400  for managing connectivity between the mobile wireless device  902  and two different wireless networks. In step  1402 , the mobile wireless device  902  registers with the first wireless network. In step  1404 , the mobile wireless device  902  registers with the second wireless network. In step  1406 , the mobile wireless device  902  determines if the physical location of the mobile wireless device  902  has changed. If the physical location of the mobile wireless device  902  has changed, then in step  1408 , the mobile wireless device  902  re-registers with the second wireless network. By re-registering, the mobile wireless device  902  provides a registration zone update to the second wireless network that can be unaware of the change in physical location of the mobile wireless device  902 . If the physical location of the mobile wireless device  902  has not changed as determined in step  1406 , or following a re-registration step  1408 , the mobile wireless device  902  can determine if a SIP request message has been received from the first wireless network in step  1410 . The SIP request message can request a mobile terminated connection, such as a voice connection through the first wireless network. In one embodiment, the mobile wireless device  902  can be incapable of completing the voice connection through the first wireless network but can complete a voice connection through the second wireless network. If no SIP request message is received from the first wireless network in step  1410 , the mobile wireless device  902  can repeat the location monitoring and re-registering steps while waiting for a SIP request message, i.e. cycle through steps  1406  to  1410 . 
     When the mobile wireless device  902  receives a SIP request message from the first wireless network in step  1410 , the mobile wireless device  902  can optionally send a SIP reject message to the first wireless network in step  1412 . The SIP reject message can indicate to the first wireless network that the mobile wireless device  902  will not complete the requested connection through the first wireless network. In step  1414 , the mobile wireless device can tune a single receiver to the second wireless network from the first wireless network. In step  1416 , the mobile wireless device can wait and receive a call origination page from the second wireless network. The mobile wireless device  902  can be aware that a call origination page is available to receive based on having received the SIP request message in parallel on the first wireless network. In response to receipt of the call origination page from the second wireless network in step  1416 , the mobile wireless device  902  can complete a voice connection with the second wireless network in step  1418 . 
       FIG. 15  illustrates yet another method  1500  for managing connections between the mobile wireless device  902  and multiple wireless networks. In step  1502 , the mobile wireless device  902  registers with the first wireless network and in step  1504 , the mobile wireless device  902  registers with the second wireless network. In step  1506 , the mobile wireless device  902  camps on the first wireless network. The mobile wireless device  902  can initiate a mobile originated voice connection by switching from the first wireless network to the second wireless network. In an embodiment, in step  1508 , the mobile wireless device  902  releases a radio resource control (RRC) connection with the first wireless network prior to switching to the second wireless network. The RRC connection release step  1508  can be optional. In step  1510 , the mobile wireless device  902  tunes its single receiver from the first wireless network to the second wireless network. In step  1512 , the mobile wireless device  902  camps on the second wireless network. In step  1514 , the mobile wireless device  902  starts a voice connection with the second wireless network. In step  1516 , the mobile wireless device  902  ends the established voice connection with the second wireless network. The mobile wireless device  902 , in step  1518 , re-tunes its single receiver back to the first wireless network from the second wireless network. In step  1520 , the mobile wireless device  902  re-establishes an RRC connection with the first wireless network when the prior RRC connection no longer exists. The RRC connection can have been released, e.g. in optional step  1508 , or can have been dropped because of a timeout that can occur on the first wireless network when the mobile wireless device  902  is connected to the second wireless network for the voice connection. 
     The various aspects, embodiments, implementations or features of the described embodiments can be used separately or in any combination. Various aspects of the described embodiments can be implemented by software, hardware or a combination of hardware and software. 
     The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, used specific nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the specific details are not required in order to practice the described embodiments. Thus, the foregoing descriptions of the specific embodiments described herein are presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not target to be exhaustive or to limit the embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. 
     The advantages of the embodiments described are numerous. Different aspects, embodiments or implementations can yield one or more of the following advantages. Many features and advantages of the present embodiments are apparent from the written description and, thus, it is intended by the appended claims to cover all such features and advantages of the invention. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, the embodiments should not be limited to the exact construction and operation as illustrated and described. Hence, all suitable modifications and equivalents can be resorted to as falling within the scope of the invention.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20150727
Publication Date: 20160628
Grant Date: 20160628
Priority Date: 20110406
Inventors: MATHIAS ARUN G.
CHAUDHARY MADHUSUDAN
SHI JIANXIONG
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H04W36/30", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W60/005", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W68/02", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W88/06", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W76/027", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W68/00", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W60/06", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W36/18", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W36/00698", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W60/005", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W88/06", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W68/02", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W88/06", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W76/18", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W76/18", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W60/06", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W60/005", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W68/02", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W68/00", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W36/00698", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 46966479