PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-8605008-B1
Application Number: US-11449908-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B1

Title: Head-mounted display

Abstract:
A goggle system for providing a personal media viewing experience to a user is provided. The goggle system may include an outer cover, a mid-frame, optical components for generating the media display, and a lens on which the generated media displayed is provided to the user. The goggle system, or head mounted display may have any suitable appearance. For example, the goggle system may resemble ski or motorcycle goggles. To enhance the user&#39;s comfort, the goggle system may include breathable components, including for example breathable foam that rests against the user&#39;s face, and may allow the user to move the display generation components for alignment with the user&#39;s eyes. In some embodiments, the goggle system may include data processing circuitry operative to adjust left and right images generated by the optical components to display 3-D media, or account for a user&#39;s eyesight limitations.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A head-mounted display, comprising:
 a spacer operative to receive at least one component of the head-mounted display; 
 an outer cover coupled to the spacer, the outer cover forming at least a portion of an outer surface of the head-mounted display; 
 at least one optical module movably coupled to the spacer, substantially enclosed by the outer cover, and operative to be displaced along at least two axes and in rotation around at least one axis with respect to the spacer without moving the outer cover with respect to the spacer. 
 
     
     
       2. The head-mounted display of  claim 1 , wherein the spacer comprises a plurality of flexible fins extending away from the outer cover towards a user&#39;s head. 
     
     
       3. The head-mounted display of  claim 2 , wherein the flexible fins are operative to bend to allow the spacer to conform to the shape of the user&#39;s head. 
     
     
       4. The head-mounted display of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 a frame coupled to the spacer, wherein the at least one optical module is enclosed within the frame. 
 
     
     
       5. The head-mounted display of  claim 4 , further comprising a stabilization system for coupling the frame to the spacer. 
     
     
       6. The head-mounted display of  claim 1 , wherein the outer cover comprises at least one of glass, plastic, ceramic, and metal. 
     
     
       7. The head-mounted display of  claim 1 , wherein the spacer comprises at least one groove for receiving the outer cover. 
     
     
       8. The head-mounted display of  claim 1 , wherein the spacer comprises at least perforation for at least one of allowing humidity to escape from within the head-mounted display and maintaining a constant temperature inside and outside the head-mounted display. 
     
     
       9. The head-mounted display of  claim 1 , wherein the at least one component comprises at least one of at least one strap, an inner cover, and an attachment feature.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims the benefit of prior filed U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/927,624, filed May 4, 2007, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention is directed to a display for video that is mounted to a user&#39;s head. 
     Users of electronic devices may view media on different types of screens. For example, users may view media on a screen integrated in the electronic device (e.g., view media on the display screen of a personal electronic device, for example the iPod™ available by Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.). As another example, users may couple the electronic device to a separate display and direct the display to provide the media. For example, users may couple a computer to a screen and display media on the computer screen. As another example, users may direct a television to display media streamed or downloaded from an electronic device (e.g., using an Apple TV™ available by Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. to display content from a user&#39;s computer on a television). 
     For users who wish to view media provided by an electronic device when they are away from their homes and away from their television and computer screens (e.g., users traveling), integrated displays may be limiting. Such users may instead desire a personal display system with which the user may appear to view media on a large display (e.g., on a home television) while in fact using a portable display system. Such users may also desire a personal display that is visible only to the user (e.g., for viewing private or sensitive content). 
     Accordingly, there is a need for a personal display system with which users can privately view media provided by an electronic device. In particular, there is a need for a head-mounted display for allowing users to view media. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     A system for providing a personal display for viewing media provided by an electronic device is provided. 
     A personal goggle system for presenting a personal display of media is provided. The goggle system may include an outer cover, a frame and a display generation component. To enhance the appearance and aesthetic appeal of the goggle system, the outer cover and frame may be designed to resemble ski or motorcycle goggles (e.g., covering only the user&#39;s eyes, with a foam layer against the user&#39;s face). 
     In some embodiments, the outer layer may include one or more surfaces covering the frame. The surfaces may be curved or flat, and may include one or more features for customizing or enhancing the appearance of the outer cover. For example, the outer layer may include a curved surface on which a graphic or design may be painted, fixed (e.g., a sticker), carved, sculpted, molded, or embedded using any other suitable process. To further customize or personalize the goggle system, the outer cover may be removable and replaceable (e.g., for a user to change the appearance of the goggle system at different times). 
     The goggle frame may be constructed from one or several components. For example, the goggle frame may include at least one of a mid-frame or spacer, an inner cover, and a mounting frame. The frame may include one or more features operative to receive the outer cover (e.g., a surface against which the outer cover is glued, or a catch mechanism for engaging the outer cover). The mid-frame may form the structural component to which the remaining components of the goggle system are coupled. For example, the inner cover, which may support the mounting frame (which in turn may support the display generation component) may be coupled to the mid-frame. The mid-frame and outer cover may be constructed from any suitable material, including for example from a flexible material operative to bend or flex to match the shape of a user&#39;s face. 
     The goggle system may include any suitable display generation component. For example, the goggle system may include two display generation components operative to provide the displayed images for each eye. In some embodiments, the display generation components may be moved relative the goggle frame to be placed opposite the user&#39;s eyes (e.g., move or tilt the display generation components to align them with the user&#39;s eyes). The display generation components may be operative to provide different images for each eye. For example, the components may offset the images to give the user the illusion of viewing media in three dimensions. As another example, the components may provide different images for each eye based on the eyesight corrections needed by the user (e.g., change the focus to reflect an eyesight prescription). In some embodiments, the display generation components may provide the displayed images on a lens coupled to the frame (e.g., attached to the inner cover). 
     The goggle system may include a foam layer adjacent the frame that rests against the user&#39;s face. The foam may serve to prevent ambient light from entering the goggle system and affecting the images displayed on the lens. The foam layer may be formed from any suitable compressible material, including for example different types of foam or flock. In some embodiments, the foam may be more compressible in regions where a user&#39;s eyeglasses contact the frame to enhance the comfort of the goggle system. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The above and other features of the present invention, its nature and various advantages will be more apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which: 
         FIG. 1  is an exploded view of a goggle system for providing a personal display of media in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective view of the goggle system of  FIG. 1  when it is assembled in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 3  is a side view of the goggle system of  FIG. 2  in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 4  is a top view of the goggle system of  FIG. 2  in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 5  is a rear view of the goggle system of  FIG. 2  in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 6  is a perspective view of an outer cover used in a goggle system in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 7A  is a perspective view of a goggle system on a user&#39;s head in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 7B  is a rear perspective view of a goggle system on a user&#39;s head in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 7C  is a front view of a goggle system on a user&#39;s head in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 7D  is a side view of a goggle system on a user&#39;s head in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 7E  is a top view of a goggle system on a user&#39;s head in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 7F  is a bottom view of a goggle system on a user&#39;s head in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 8A  is a perspective view of a goggle system with a translucent outer cover on a user&#39;s head in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 8B  is a top view of a goggle system with a translucent outer cover on a user&#39;s head in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 8C  is a front view of a goggle system without the outer cover on a user&#39;s head in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 8D  is a side view of a goggle system without the outer cover on a user&#39;s head in accordance with one embodiment of the invention 
         FIG. 8E  is a top view of a goggle system without an outer cover on a user&#39;s head in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 9  is a perspective view of an assembled goggle system in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 10  is a perspective view of foam formed by a first process in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 11  is a perspective view of foam formed by a second process in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 12  is a perspective view of foam formed by a third process in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 13  is a perspective view of foam formed by a fourth process in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 14  is a perspective view of a mounting frame assembled to an inner cover of a goggle system in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 15  is a schematic view of a goggle system as the inner cover flexes in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 16  is a perspective view of an illustrative bottom frame in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 17  is a perspective view of another bottom frame in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 18  is a perspective view of a display adjust mechanism coupled to a bottom frame in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIGS. 19A and 19B  are a perspective view and a top view of another display adjust mechanism coupled to a bottom frame in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIGS. 20A-C  are side views of an illustrative goggle system as a display adjust mechanism tilts dovetailed followers in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIGS. 21A-C  are a top view, side view, and perspective view of a goggle system used in conjunction with eyeglasses in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 22  is a schematic view of an illustrative optical module that uses a free shaped prism in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 23  is a schematic view of an illustrative optical module that uses an inline reflective optical collimator to provide images to the user in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIGS. 24-26  are schematic views of different approaches for providing media from an electronic device to the goggle system in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 27  is an exploded view of a goggle system in accordance with another embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 28A  is a top view and  FIG. 28B  is a perspective view of another goggle system in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 29  is a perspective view of a foam layer placed on a user&#39;s face in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 30  is a perspective view of the back side of the foam layer of  FIG. 29  in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 31  is a cross-sectional view of the foam layer of  FIG. 29  in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; and 
         FIG. 32  is a top view of a schematic head-mounted display in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       FIG. 1  is an exploded view of a goggle system for providing a personal display of media in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. Goggle system  100  may include outer cover  102 , mid-frame  110 , inner cover  120 , inner lens  130 , foam  140 , and mounting frame  150 . 
     Outer cover  102  may be coupled to mid-frame  110  to form the outer surface of goggle system  100 . Outer cover  102  may be formed from any suitable material including, for example, glass, plastic, ceramic, metal (e.g., polished aluminum), or any other suitable material. In some embodiments, outer surface  104  of outer cover  102  may be treated to provide an aesthetically pleasing finish (e.g., a reflective finish, or added logos or designs) to enhance the appearance of the goggle system. In some embodiments, outer surface  104  may be personalized. For example, a user may paint outer surface  104 , attach decals or stickers, or modify outer surface  104  in any other suitable manner to personalize outer surface  104 . 
     Outer cover  102  may be constructed into any suitable shape. In the example shown in  FIG. 1 , outer cover  102  is a curved surface that generally follows the contours of a user&#39;s face. As another example, outer cover  102  may be a planar or substantially planar surface. In some embodiments, outer cover  102  may be constructed into a particular shape defined or selected by the user. For example, outer cover  102  may include a feature (e.g., a recessed or protruding design formed by machining) embedded on outer cover  102 , or outer cover may extend beyond or not reach the edges of mid-frame  110  (e.g., outer cover  102  manufactured in the shape of a logo, or may include wings extending beyond the periphery of mid-frame  110 ). In some embodiments, outer cover  102  may be formed from several pieces that are combined (e.g., and held in place by mid-frame  110 ). To enhance customization of goggle system  100 , outer cover  102  may be removable and replaceable with different outer covers (e.g., as skins for the goggle system). 
     In some embodiments, inner surface  106  of outer cover  102  may be darkened. For example, inner surface  106  may be black (e.g., painted black, or manufactured from black material). This may provide a better viewing contrast for a user of goggle system  100 , as images provided by display generation components for display on lens  130  may contrast with outer cover  102 . In addition, a darkened inner surface  106  may enhance a user&#39;s experience by giving the user the impression of being in a theater or other optimal environment for viewing media. 
     Mid-frame  110  may form the outer support structure for goggle system  100 . Mid-frame  110  may be formed from any suitable material that has suitable properties for supporting some or all of the components of goggle system  100 . For example, mid-frame  110  may be formed from a material capable of withstanding impacts or shocks to protect the components of goggle system  100 . As another example, mid-frame  110  may be formed from a lightweight material that affords the user comfort. Suitable materials may include, for example, composite materials, plastics, metals, metal alloys (e.g., steel, stainless steel, aluminum, titanium, or magnesium-based alloys), or any other suitable material. Portions of mid-frame  110  that are visible during use may be treated or finished to provide an aesthetically pleasing appearance. 
     In some embodiments, mid-frame  110  may include groove  112  for receiving outer cover  102  (e.g., formed on the outer portion of mid-frame  110 ) or any other suitable attachment feature. Any suitable approach may be used to couple outer cover  102  to groove  112 , including for example press-fitting, an adhesive, a gasket, tape, a mechanical fastener, combinations of these, or any other suitable approach. In some embodiments, groove  112  and outer cover  102  may include interlocking elements (e.g., grooves and ridges, fingers and holes, or a snap fit) operative to engage and maintain outer cover  102  in mid-frame  110 . 
     Mid-frame  110  may include any suitable features for optimizing a user&#39;s comfort and the performance of components of goggle system  100 . For example, mid-frame  110  may include perforations  114  designed to allow humidity to escape from within goggle system  100 , and to maintain a constant temperature inside and outside goggle system  100  (e.g., to prevent fogging or failure of electronic components of the goggle system). Perforations  114  may be circular, oval, rectangular, or any other suitable shape, and may be distributed using any suitable pattern or approach on mid-frame  110  (e.g., the size and location of perforations  114  may be selected to optimize user comfort and goggle system performance). 
     In some embodiments, mid-frame  110  may include slots  116  for receiving a strap for securing goggle system  100  to the user&#39;s face. The strap may include any suitable strap or apparatus for securing goggle system  100  to the user&#39;s face including, for example, an elastic strap, a fabric or cloth strap (e.g., with a buckle or tightening mechanism), several straps, or any other suitable mechanism for securing the goggle system. Slots for receiving the strap may be seen more clearly in  FIG. 5 , for example (see, e.g., slots  222 ). Slots  116  may be formed in any suitable shape and located on any suitable portion of mid-frame  110 . 
     Mid-frame  110  may include channel  118  for receiving inner cover  120  or any other suitable attachment feature (e.g., formed on the inner portion of mid-frame  110 ). Any suitable approach may be used to couple inner cover  120  to channel  118 , including for example press-fitting, an adhesive, a gasket, tape, a mechanical fastener, combinations of these, or any other suitable approach. In some embodiments, groove  112  and outer cover  102  may include interlocking elements (e.g., grooves and ridges, fingers and holes, or a snap fit) operative to engage and maintain outer cover  102  in mid-frame  110 . 
     Inner cover  120  may form the support structure for the display generation components of goggle system  100 . Combined with mid-frame  110 , inner cover  120  and mid-frame  110  may provide structural integrity to goggle system  100 . Inner cover  120  may be manufactured from any suitable material, including for example, plastic, composite materials, metal or metallic alloys (e.g., aluminum), combinations thereof, or any other suitable material. The material used for inner cover  120  may be selected for any particular quality or attribute. For example, the material used may be selected for its weight, strength or rigidity, flexibility or suppleness, combinations of these, or any other suitable attribute. 
     Inner cover  120  may include curved surface  122  along all or at least part of the outer edge of inner cover  120 . Curved surface  122  may be operative to conform to the shape of a user&#39;s face, for example along a user&#39;s forehead, cheeks, and nose. In some embodiments, curved surface  122  may be configured to closely follow a user&#39;s face to reduce or eliminate ambient light entering between inner cover  120  and the user&#39;s face (and affecting the media displayed on lens  130 ). 
     Inner cover  120  may include protrusion  124  extending from curved surface  122  operative to support the display generation components of goggle system  100 . Protrusion  124  may include mounting plate  126  and side walls  128 . Mounting plate  126  may be operative to receive mounting frame  150 , which may support some or all of the display generation components of goggle system  100 . Side walls  128  may be constructed such that the distance between the user&#39;s eyes and mounting plate  126  is optimized for the user&#39;s viewing experience (e.g., side walls  128  have a length such that the distance between a user&#39;s eyes and the display generation components and the size or resolution of the displayed image is equivalent to watching media in a movie theater, for example 5 meters from a large screen). 
     Inner cover  120  may include aperture  129  aligned with the display generation components of goggle system  100 . In some embodiments, inner cover  120  may include a single aperture  129  through which displays provided by several display generation components may be projected (e.g., the displays of two display generation components, one for each eye). In some embodiments, inner cover  120  may include several apertures, for example one for each eye or one for each of several display generation components. If the position of the display generation components is adjustable, aperture  129  may be enlarged to allow images generated by the display generation components to project through inner cover  120  for each display generation component position. In some embodiments, inner cover  120  may include a transparent or translucent pane within aperture  129  through which displays generated by the display generations components may pass. The panes may serve, for example, to protect the display generation circuitry from impacts, scratches, or other damage originating from the inner surface of inner cover  120 . 
     Images provided by the display generation components of goggle system  100  may be displayed for the user on lens  130 . Lens  130  may be positioned in inner cover  120  such that lens  130  covers or substantially covers aperture  129 , and is opposite the display generation components of goggle system  100  (e.g., for images generated by the display generation components to appear on lens  130 ). Lens  130  may be coupled to the inner surface of inner cover  120  using any suitable approach. In some embodiments, lens  130  may be detachedly coupled to inner cover  120 , for example using an adhesive, tape, hook and fastener material (e.g., Velcro™), a mechanical fastener (e.g., a screw or bolt), a rubber gasket, or any other suitable detachable mechanism. Such an approach may allow a user to remove lens  130  for cleaning, repairing or replacing components of goggle system  100  (e.g., the display generation components). In some embodiments, lens  130  may instead be permanently coupled to inner surface  120 , for example using an adhesive, a fastener, an engagement system (e.g., a knob that mushrooms), or any other suitable mechanism or combination of mechanisms. 
     Lens  130  may be manufactured from any suitable material. In some embodiments, the material for lens  130  may be selected for optical properties to optimize the display of images or media generated by the display generation components of goggle system  100 . Such materials may include, for example, glass, plastic, a composite material, paper, or any other suitable material. The material may be selected based on any other suitable attribute, including for example ease of cleaning, resistance to scratches or other damage affecting the optical properties of the lens, impact resistance or tight sealing to protect the display generation components from damage, or any other attribute or combination of attributes. In some embodiments, lens  130  may instead or in addition be embedded in one or more of the display generation components (e.g., near aperture  129 ). 
       FIG. 2  is a perspective view of the goggle system of  FIG. 1  when it is assembled in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Goggle system  200  may include outer cover  204 , mid-frame  210 , inner cover  220 , mounting frame  250  and foam  240 , which may include some or all of the features of related elements of goggle system  100  ( FIG. 1 ). Outer cover  204  may be coupled to mid-frame  210  to form the exterior face of goggle system  200 . Inner cover  220  may be coupled to mid-frame  220  to form the structural backbone of goggle system  200 . Mounting frame  250  may be coupled to inner cover  220  to support the display generation components, electronic components, power supply, or other components of goggle system  200 . Foam  240  may be coupled to the inner surface of inner cover  220  to provide a comfortable fit for the user of goggle system  200 . Lens  230  ( FIG. 5 ) may be coupled to the inner surface of inner cover  220  to display images provided by the display generation components of goggle system  200 . 
       FIG. 3  is a side view of goggle system  200  in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.  FIG. 4  is a top view of goggle system  200  in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.  FIG. 5  is a rear view of goggle system  200  in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Goggle system  200  may have any suitable dimension. For example, the height  211  ( FIG. 3 ) of goggle system  200  may be in the range of 65 to 110 mm (e.g., 102 mm) or within any other suitable range (e.g., 80 to 100 mm). As another example, the length  212  of goggle system  200  may be in the range of 60 to 110 mm (e.g., 80 mm) or within any other suitable range (e.g., 70 to 100 mm). As still another example, the width  213  of goggle system  200  may be in the range of 130 to 210 mm (e.g., 188 mm) or within any other suitable range (e.g., 150 to 180 mm). 
       FIG. 6  is a perspective view of an outer cover used in a goggle system in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Outer cover  604  may include a curved material operative to generally follow the contours of the user&#39;s face. The shape of outer cover may be defined or characterized by any suitable characteristic length, angle, curvature or other dimension. For example, outer cover  604  may be characterized by vertical dimensions  610  and horizontal dimension  612 . Vertical dimensions  610  and horizontal dimension  612  may be located opposite the position of a particular element of the goggle system (e.g., opposite the display generation components), or at any other suitable location on outer cover  604 . In some embodiments, the curvature of outer cover  604  may be designed to allow for clearance of components of goggle system  200  located between outer cover  204  and inner cover  220  (e.g., the movable display generation components). 
     Once assembled, goggle system  200  may have any suitable appearance. For example, goggle system  200  may resemble ski, snowboard or motorcycle goggles (e.g., include a rounded outer surface following the contour of the user&#39;s face). The height (e.g., height  211 ) and width (e.g., width  213 ) of goggle system  200  may be selected to approximate the size of ski goggles and reduce the amount of the user&#39;s face that is covered by goggle system  200 . As another example, goggle system  200  may be incorporated in a hat or helmet, or may include straps or another attaching mechanism operative to be placed over the user&#39;s head to secure the goggle system while in use. 
       FIGS. 7A-7F  and  8 A- 8 E show a series of schematic views of a goggle system on a user&#39;s head in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. In these views, the goggle system displayed resembles ski or motorcycle goggles.  FIG. 7A  is a perspective view of a goggle system on a user&#39;s head in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.  FIG. 7B  is a rear perspective view of a goggle system on a user&#39;s head in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.  FIG. 7C  is a front view of a goggle system on a user&#39;s head in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.  FIG. 7D  is a side view of a goggle system on a user&#39;s head in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.  FIG. 7E  is a top view of a goggle system on a user&#39;s head in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.  FIG. 7F  is a bottom view of a goggle system on a user&#39;s head in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Goggle system  700  is placed on user&#39;s head  702 . 
       FIG. 8A  is a perspective view of a goggle system with a translucent outer cover on a user&#39;s head in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.  FIG. 8B  is a top view of a goggle system with a translucent outer cover on a user&#39;s head in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.  FIG. 8C  is a front view of a goggle system without the outer cover on a user&#39;s head in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.  FIG. 8D  is a side view of a goggle system without the outer cover on a user&#39;s head in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.  FIG. 8E  is a top view of a goggle system without an outer cover on a user&#39;s head in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Goggle system  800  is placed on the head of user  802 . 
       FIG. 9  is a perspective view of an assembled goggle system in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Illustrative goggle system  900  may include mid-frame  910 , inner cover  920 , foam  940 , and lens  930 . Inner surface  932  of lens  930  may include left image portion  934  and right image portion  936 . Left and right image portions  934  and  936  may be transparent or translucent portions of lens  930  that are aligned with the display generation components of goggle system  900  (not shown, located behind inner cover  920 ). In contrast, the remaining portion of lens  930  may be opaque or non-reflective for differentiating from left and right image portions  934  and  936 . The size of left and right image portions  934  and  936  may be selected to allow for full-screen, wide-screen, or panoramic displays of media. As discussed in more detail below, the display generation components of the goggle system may provide the same or different images for each of the left and right image portions  934  and  936 , for example to provide optical effects to the media displayed to the user (e.g., 3D effects, or to account for deficiencies in a user&#39;s vision). 
     Returning to  FIG. 1 , foam  140  may be attached to inner cover  120 . In particular, foam  140  may be attached to curved surface  122  to provide a closer fit to a user&#39;s face. In some embodiments, foam  140  may be used to prevent ambient light from entering goggle system  100  between the user&#39;s face and lens  130 . Foam  140  may also serve to increase a user&#39;s comfort with goggle system  100 . Foam  140  may be formed using a number of different approaches, or combinations of different approaches. 
       FIG. 10  is a perspective view of foam formed by a first process in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Illustrative foam  1000  may be formed from flock laminated to foam. Different foams, for example foams having different densities, may be die-cut then pressed after lamination to form foam  1000 . Foam  1000  may have different densities and different thicknesses at different portions of the foam. In some embodiments, foam  1000  may be gray with black flock. 
       FIG. 11  is a perspective view of foam formed by a second process in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Illustrative foam  1100  may be formed from flock laminated to foam. Different foams, for example foams having different densities, may be pressed together, and then cut after lamination to form foam  1100 . In some embodiments, the flock of foam  1100  may be black. 
       FIG. 12  is a perspective view of foam formed by a third process in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Illustrative foam  1200  may be formed from a polyurethane paint applied to a mold to provide a skin for foam  1200 . Once the mold has been painted, foam may be applied in the painted mold. The resulting foam and polyurethane skin may form foam  1200 . The amount of foam applied to the painted mold may be varied to vary the thickness of foam  1200 . In some embodiments, different types of foam may be applied to vary the density of foam  1200 . 
       FIG. 13  is a perspective view of foam formed by a fourth process in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Illustrative foam  1300  may be formed by first creating a skin, for example by vacuum forming. The skin may be in any suitable material that may be used in vacuum forming. Once the skin has been created, foam may be applied to the skin to form foam  1300 . The amount of foam applied to the vacuum formed skin may be varied to vary the thickness of foam  1300 . In some embodiments, different types of foam may be applied to vary the density of foam  1300 . 
     Returning to  FIG. 1 , goggle system  100  may include mounting frame  150  operative to support electronic components of the goggle system, including for example the display generation components goggle system  100 . Mounting frame  150  may be coupled to inner cover  120 , for example to mounting plate  126 . Mounting frame  150  may include a rigid frame operative to support at least the display generation components of goggle system  100  so that the display generation components may be held opposite the user&#39;s eyes. Mounting frame  150  may be constructed from any suitable material, including for example from plastic, a composite material, a metal or metallic alloy (e.g., aluminum), combinations thereof, or any other suitable material. 
     In some embodiments, mounting frame  150  may be configured to remain substantially immobile relative to a user&#39;s eyes when inner cover  120  and foam  140  are moved (e.g., when goggle system  100  is adjusted to fit the contours of a user&#39;s face). Mounting frame  150  may be coupled to inner cover  120  using any suitable approach, including approaches that allow mounting frame  150  to remain substantially immobile relative lens  130 . For example, mounting frame  150  may be coupled to inner cover  120  using an adhesive, tape, a fastener (e.g., a screw or a bold and nut), an interlocking mechanism (e.g., a snap-fit), or any other suitable approach. In some embodiments, mounting frame  150  may include apertures  151  that are configured to be aligned with apertures  121  of inner cover  120  to receive a fastener for coupling mounting frame  150  to inner cover  120 . Apertures  121  and  151  may be located adjacent the position of the display generation components such that inner cover  120  may bend without affecting the display of media on the lens. 
       FIG. 14  is a perspective view of a mounting frame assembled to an inner cover of a goggle system in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Mounting frame  1450  may be operative to support display generation components  1430  by means of support structure  1432  (described in more detail below). Mounting frame  1450  may be coupled to inner cover  1420  using any suitable approach, including for example using a single or several connection points  1422 . In the example of  FIG. 14 , mounting frame  1450  may include aperture  1452  operative to be aligned with a feature of inner cover  1420  (e.g., an aperture or a connector embedded in inner cover  1420 ). Connector  1421 , which may be integrated within inner cover  1420 , may be operative to pass through aperture  1452  to couple mounting frame  1450  to inner cover  1420 . In some embodiments, other coupling mechanisms may be used instead of or in addition to connector  1421 , including for example several connectors, adhesives, heat treatment, hook and fastener material, or any other suitable coupling mechanism. 
     Aperture  1452 , and the corresponding feature of inner cover  1420 , may be located at any suitable position relative to the edges of mounting frame  1450  and inner cover  1420 . For example, aperture  1452  and the feature of inner cover  1420  may be located adjacent the centerline of goggle system  1400 . To prevent mounting frame  1450  from rotating or twisting relative inner cover  1420 , aperture  1452  may be constructed using an asymmetrical shape (e.g., an oval or a polygon), or mounting frame  1450 , inner cover  1420 , or both may include a second feature (e.g., a pin in mounting frame  1450  extending into an aperture in inner cover  1420 ) to prevent the rotation of mounting frame around connector  1452 . In some embodiments, to further reduce movement of mounting frame  1450 , mounting wings  1454  of mounting frame  1450  may be secured to inner cover  1420  (e.g., using an adhesive). 
     In some embodiments, mounting frame  1450  may be coupled to inner cover  1420  such that inner cover may bend relative mounting frame  1450  to enhance the fit of goggle system  1400  around the user&#39;s face.  FIG. 15  is a schematic view of a goggle system as the inner cover flexes in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Goggle system  1500  may include inner cover  1520 , to which a mounting frame may be coupled using connectors  1521 . Inner cover may flex from initial position  1530  (indicated in wire frame) to final position  1532 . The amount of movement of each portion of inner cover  1520  is indicated by the shade used to draw final position  1532 . In particular, curved surface  1534 , near the outer edge of inner cover  1520  may have moved a large amount, while connectors  1521 , and by extension the mounting plate, may have moved very little, perhaps imperceptibly. 
     Returning to  FIG. 1 , mounting frame  150  may support the display generation components  160  of goggle system  100  using any suitable approach. For example, bottom frame  152 , dovetailed followers  154  and display adjust mechanism  156  may be coupled to mounting frame  150  and operative to support display generation components  160  of goggle system  100 .  FIG. 16  is a perspective view of an illustrative bottom frame in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Bottom frame  1600  may include frame  1601  that includes slots  1602  for receiving dovetailed followers  1610 . Dovetailed followers  1610  may be coupled to tube  1620  via apertures  1612 . Tube  1620  may include screws  1622 , and apertures  1612  may include corresponding grooves (not shown) such that when tube  1620  rotates, screws  1622  engage or disengage grooves in apertures  1612 , thus causing dovetailed followers  1610  to translate laterally along the axis of tube  1620 . This movement may allow a user to move the display generation components (e.g., display generation components  160 ,  FIG. 1 ), which may be coupled to dovetailed followers  1610 , to align the display generation components with the user&#39;s eyes. In some embodiments, tube  1620  may include two decoupled portions such that a user can rotate only half of tube  1620  at a time, thus moving only one of the dovetailed followers  1610  at a time. 
     Bottom frame  1600  may include gear  1624  coupled to tube  1620 , such that gear  1624  rotates when tube  1620  rotates. If tube  1620  is decoupled into several portions, bottom frame  1600  may include several gears  1624 , one for each portion. Bottom frame  1600  may be coupled to any suitable element or assembly operative to control the rotation of tube  1620 . For example, bottom frame  1600  may be coupled to a display adjust mechanism that includes a second gear operative to engage gear  1624  for controlling the position of dovetailed followers  1610 . 
     Bottom frame  1600  may include pads  1630  for coupling bottom frame  1600  to a mounting frame of the goggle system (e.g., mounting frame  150 ,  FIG. 1 ). For example, protrusions  153  of mounting frame  150  ( FIG. 1 ) may be configured to engage pads  1630  using any suitable approach. For example, protrusions  153  may be coupled to pads  1630  using a press fit, an adhesive, an interlocking mechanism, a snap-fit mechanism, a fastener, a combination thereof, or any other suitable mechanism or combination of mechanisms. Alternatively, or in addition, bottom frame  1600  may include openings  1632  operative to receive fasteners or features of the mounting frame for coupling bottom frame  1600  to the mounting frame (e.g., mounting frame  150 ,  FIG. 1 ). 
       FIG. 17  is a perspective view of another bottom frame in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Illustrative bottom frame  1700  may be substantially similar to bottom frame  1600 , and may include frame  1701 , slots  1702 , dovetailed followers  1710 , apertures  1712 , tube  1720 , screws  1722 , and gear  1724 . In addition, bottom frame  1700  may include wheel  1730 . Wheel  1730  may be coupled to tube  1720  such that when a user rotates wheel  1730 , tube  1720  rotates as well, causing dovetailed followers  1710  to move laterally. 
     In some embodiments, wheel  1730  may extend from top surface  1732  or bottom surface  1734  of bottom frame  1700  such that a user may directly access wheel  1730  to move dovetailed followers  1710 . For example, wheel  1730  may be configured to extend out of mid-frame  710  (e.g., through opening  420 ,  FIG. 4 ). 
     In some embodiments, a display adjust mechanism may be coupled to the bottom frame (e.g., bottom frame  1600  or bottom frame  1700 ) to control the movement of the dovetailed followers (e.g., which support the display generation components).  FIG. 18  is a perspective view of a display adjust mechanism coupled to a bottom frame in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Display adjust mechanism  1810  may be coupled to bottom frame  1830  using fasteners  1802  (e.g., engaging pads  1630 ,  FIG. 16 ). In some embodiments, one or more other attachment mechanisms may be used instead or in addition to couple display adjust mechanism  1810  to bottom frame  1830 . 
     Display adjust mechanism  1810  may include wheel  1812  for allowing a user to control dovetailed followers  1834  inserted in bottom frame  1830 . Wheel  1812  may be coupled to first gear  1814 , which may be placed adjacent to second gear  1816 , which may in turn be placed adjacent to third gear  1818 . Third gear  1818  may then engage worm gear  1820 , which may engage gear  1832  of bottom frame  1830 , such that when the user rotates wheel  1812 , gear  1832  rotates and causes dovetailed followers  1834  to move laterally. Support structure  1811  may include several apertures or other structural features operative to support the axes on which gears  1814 ,  1816 ,  1818 , and  1820  are placed. 
     To align the display generation components of the goggle system with the user&#39;s eyes, the user may rotate wheel  1812  to cause dovetailed followers  1834 , and the display generation components coupled to dovetailed followers  1834  (e.g., coupled to the bottom surface of dovetailed followers  1834 ), to translate until the display generation components are in a satisfactory position. In some embodiments, wheel  1812  may be configured to rotate 1.8 times to cause dovetailed followers  1834 , and thus the display generation components, to move from 55 mm separation to 81 mm separation. Alternatively, the size, number of gears, and pitch of the screws may be modified to change the relation between the rotation of wheel  1812  and the movement of dovetailed followers  1834 . 
     To provide easy access to wheel  1812 , the mid-frame may include an aperture (e.g., aperture  420 ,  FIG. 4 ) through which at least a portion of wheel  1812  may extend. The aperture and the wheel may be designed to minimize the free space surrounding the wheel to limit foreign particles from entering the goggle system and affecting the display generation components. For example, the aperture may include a silicone or rubber ring, or brush elements operative to contact wheel  1812  to further eliminate space between wheel  1812  and the aperture in the goggle system through which debris may enter. Alternatively, or in addition, the goggle system may include a cover or covering element operative to be placed over the aperture and wheel  1812  when the wheel is not in use to prevent particles from entering the goggle system. 
     In some embodiments, display adjust mechanism  1810  may be coupled to an actuator or motor for automatically displacing dovetailed followers  1834 . The actuator or motor may be controlled by control circuitry embedded in the goggle system, or by control circuitry remote from the goggle system (e.g., connected to the goggle system wirelessly or by a wire). In some embodiments, the user may actuate the motor using a suitable user interface (e.g., embedded on or coupled to the goggle system, or using an electronic device coupled to the goggle system). In some embodiments, the goggle system may automatically control the actuator or motor by determining where a user&#39;s eyes are (e.g., using suitable sensing circuitry, such as light sensing circuitry) and may move dovetailed followers  1834  such that the display generation components are automatically aligned with the user&#39;s eyes. 
       FIGS. 19A and 19B  are a perspective view and a top view of another display adjust mechanism coupled to a bottom frame in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Display adjust mechanism  1910  may be coupled to bottom frame  1930  having dovetailed followers  1934  with display generation components  1960 . As opposed to display adjust mechanism  1810  of  FIG. 18  which is shown to be coupled on top of frame  1830  above dovetailed followers  1834 , display adjust mechanism  1910  may be coupled to the front of frame  1930  between dovetailed followers  1934 , as shown in  FIG. 19A  for example. This may allow the height of the goggle system to be reduced. 
     In some embodiments, display adjust mechanism  1910  may be operative to move dovetailed followers  1934  in directions other than laterally in the direction of arrows L. For example, display adjust mechanism  1910  may be operative to move dovetailed followers  1934  up and down in the direction of arrows H, to tilt dovetailed followers  1934  up and down in the direction of arrows Tu and Td, or both.  FIGS. 20A-C  are side views of an illustrative goggle system as a display adjust mechanism tilts dovetailed followers in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. As display adjust mechanism  2010  tilts dovetailed followers  2034  down in the direction of arrow Td, the distance between the display generation components and the user&#39;s nose may decrease. To prevent the user&#39;s nose from interfering with the movement of the display generation circuitry, a compressible foam element may be provided to compress when dovetailed followers  2034  and the display generation components coupled thereto are tilted down in the direction of arrow Td. 
     In some embodiments, display adjust mechanisms  1910 ,  2010  or both may be coupled to an actuator or motor for electrically displacing dovetailed followers  1934  and  2034 , respectively. The actuator or motor may be controlled by signals provided by control circuitry of the goggle system or control circuitry remote from the goggle system (e.g., connected to the goggle system wirelessly or by a wire). In some embodiments, the user may actuate the motor using a suitable user interface (e.g., embedded on or coupled to the goggle system, or using an electronic device coupled to the goggle system). In some embodiments, the goggle system may automatically control the actuator or motor by determining where a user&#39;s eyes are (e.g., using suitable sensing circuitry, such as light sensing circuitry) and may move dovetailed followers  1834  in any of the directions H, L, and T such that the display generation components are automatically aligned with the user&#39;s eyes. 
     Returning again to  FIG. 1 , circuit board  161  and optical module  162  may be coupled to form each display generation component  160  of goggle system  100 . Each circuit board  161  may be operative to at least partially direct the operations of optical module  162 . For example, each circuit board  161  may be operative to receive media for display from a media source, and provide the appropriate media signals to each optical module  162 . In some embodiments, a circuit board  161  may include power circuitry operative to direct or provide power to optical module  662 , receive and process user inputs (e.g., user inputs received from cable  164  or from a user interface integrated in goggle system  100 ), and provide images and video to optical module  162 . In some embodiments, each circuit board  161  may include or may be coupled to one or more batteries, for example a rechargeable battery, for conditioning the received power and providing the conditioned power to optical modules  162 . 
     Optical modules  162  may be coupled to dovetailed followers  154  using any suitable mechanism. For example, optical modules  162  may be coupled to dovetailed followers  154  using a fastener (e.g., a bolt), an adhesive, tape, a mating feature, or any other suitable approach. In some embodiments, optical modules  162  may be removably coupled to dovetailed followers  154  to allow for easier replacement or repair. Optical modules  162  may include any suitable modules for receiving a media signal (e.g., an image or a video signal) and generating a display corresponding to the media on lens  130 . 
     In some embodiments, optical modules  162  may be operative to adjust or modify the displayed media based on any suitable criteria (e.g., as standalone modules or using circuit board  161 ). For example, optical modules  162  may be operative to resize or otherwise modify an image such that the image appears to be displayed at a greater distance than the distance between optical modules  162  and the user&#39;s eyes (e.g., the image appears to be viewed from 4 meters and not 20 mm). As another example, optical modules  162  may be operative to generate media displays that correspond to standard definition or high definition images. 
     In some embodiments, left and right optical modules  162  may generate and display different images associated with the received media. For example, optical modules  162  (e.g., upon receiving appropriate instructions from circuit board  161 ), may offset left and right images so that the user is given the illusion of viewing media in three dimensions. The optical modules  162  may identify the appropriate left and right images using any suitable approach, including for example receiving separate left and right images from the media source, or generating left and right images from the single media provided by the media source. 
     As another example, left and right optical modules  162  may adjust the images displayed to account for limitations or corrections (e.g., by glasses or contact lens) of the user&#39;s eyesight. For example, if a user is myopic in one eye, the optical module  162  associated with that eye may modify the image displayed to correct the user&#39;s myopia. The goggle system may determine the correction required for each eye, if any, using any suitable approach. For example, the user may enter a glasses or contact lens prescription that indicates the required correction. As another example, each optical module  162  may automatically analyze the user&#39;s eyes, and determine the adjustment needed based on the analysis. This may allow users who normally wear glasses to use goggle system  100  without their glasses, which may lead to discomfort. 
     The goggle system may be operative to store a user&#39;s display generation component settings in memory. For example, the goggle system may store eyesight correction values (if any), the position of the display generation components (e.g., along 3 axes), a preferred volume level, or any other preference related to the user&#39;s interaction with the system. When the user puts on the goggle system, the system may identify the user and retrieve from memory the goggle system settings associated with the user. The goggle system may identify the user in response to a user input (e.g., the user logs in, or selects a particular profile from a menu), or the goggle system may automatically identify the user (e.g., using a retina or fingerprint scan, or voiceprint analysis). 
       FIGS. 21A-C  are a top view, side view, and perspective view of a goggle system used in conjunction with eyeglasses in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Illustrative goggle system  2100  may include inner lens  2105  and foam  2110 . To ensure that the experience of a user with eyeglasses remains enjoyable, inner lens  2105 , foam  2110 , and other components of goggle system  2100  may be selected such that when in use, the eyeglasses  2130  approach, but do not contact, inner lens  2105 . Distance  2106  between eyeglasses  2130  and inner lens  2105  may be selected to limit the interference between eyeglass lens  2130  and inner lens  2105 . For example, distance  2106  may be in the range of 0.25 to 5.0 mm (e.g., 1.7 mm). Inner lens  2105  may also be positioned such that distance  2107  between inner lens  2105  and eye  2132  reduces the stress on the user&#39;s eyes as the user watches media on lens  2105 . For example, distance  2107  may be in the range of 10 to 40 mm (e.g., 20 mm). 
     In some embodiments, length  2108  of lens  2105  may be selected such that length  2108  is larger than the length of a user&#39;s eyeglasses. For example, length  2108  may be in the range of 120 to 160 mm (e.g., 140 mm). Eyeglass temples  2132  may come into contact with one or more portions of foam  2110  to ensure that no ambient light affects the media displayed on inner lens  2105 . Foam  2110  may be wrapped around eyeglass temples  2132  such that foam  2110  substantially contacts the user&#39;s face in the vicinity of eyeglass temple  2132 . Using the approach described above, however, whereby each optical module  162  provides different images based on the user&#39;s vision, any limitations or discomfort caused by wearing glasses may be eliminated. 
     Optical modules  162  may be constructed in any suitable shape. In some embodiments, optical modules  162  may include a free shaped prism.  FIG. 22  is a schematic view of an illustrative optical module that uses a free shaped prism in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Optical module  2200  may include image source  2202 , which may provide several light waves  2204  that form an image. Light waves  2204  may enter first face  2212  of free shaped prism  2210 , where light waves  2204  may be refracted. Light waves  2204  may then impact second face  2214  of free shaped prism  2210 , and subsequently be reflected to third face  2216  of free shaped prism  2210 . Light waves  2204  may finally pass through second face  2214  and reach the user&#39;s eye  2220 . 
     The shapes of first, second, and third faces  2212 ,  2214 , and  2216  of prism  2210  may be complex shapes operative to reflect light received from images source  2202  in specific manners. In particular, the shapes may be designed such that every light wave  2204  emitted by source  2202  spends the exact same amount of time refracting and reflecting within prism  2210  such that all of the light waves  2204  that were emitted at a single point in time reach the user&#39;s eye at the same time. In some cases, the creation of faces  2212 ,  2214  and  2216  may require significant engineering efforts to design and manufacture. 
       FIG. 23  is a schematic view of an illustrative optical module that uses an inline reflective optical collimator to provide images to the user in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Optical module  2300  may include inline reflective optical collimator  2301 , and image source  2302  may be incorporated within collimator  2301 . When light waves  2304  of an image are emitted by image source  2302 , the light waves may be reflected by reflective surface  2310 , and in turn be reflected again by opposing reflective surface  2312 . 
     Reflective surfaces  2310  and  2312  may be designed such that light waves  2304  may reflect between surfaces  2310  and  2312  until the image represented by the light waves has been sufficiently modified (e.g., modified to appear that it is displayed from a suitable distance, for example 4 meters). Light waves  2304  may then escape collimator  2301  and reach the user&#39;s eye  2320 . 
     Goggle system  100  may provide for audio in any suitable manner. In some embodiments, the user may receive audio from the electronic device from which media is provided to goggle system  100  (e.g., an iPod™ available by Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif., that is coupled to goggle system  100 ). Audio may then be received using headphones or speakers connected to the electronic device. In some embodiments, goggle system  100  may include an audio connector (e.g., a jack) or an integrated speaker or headset for providing audio directly from goggle system  100 . In such embodiments, circuit board  161  or other components of goggle system  100  may be operative to extract audio streams from the media received by goggle system  100  (e.g., from an electronic device) and provide the audio stream to the audio connector, speakers or headset. In some embodiments, the speaker or headset may be integrated in a strap or other mechanism that holds goggle system  100  around a user&#39;s head (e.g., headphone speakers located in the strap at the user&#39;s ear level). 
     To improve the user&#39;s experience, goggle system  100  may include any suitable noise cancellation or noise reduction mechanism. For example, the goggle system may be provided with noise-proof earphones. As another example, the goggle system may identify outside and ambient noises (e.g., using a microphone embedded in the goggle system) and cancel the identified ambient noises when providing audio to the user. 
     In some embodiments, the components of the goggle system may be selected and manufactured to minimize weight. For example, the outer cover may be constructed to weigh no more than 33 grams, the mid-frame no more than 17 grams, the inner cover no more than 30 grams, the foam no more than 20 grams, the inner lens no more than 4 grams, the optical modules no more than 13 grams each, the dovetailed followers no more than 14 grams, the bottom frame no more than 19 grams, the mounting frame no more than 12 grams, and the display adjust mechanism no more than 18 grams. In some embodiments, the dovetailed followers, bottom frame, mounting frame, and display adjust mechanism may be manufactured in mass such that their combined weight is no more than 30 grams. 
     Goggle system  100  may be configured to receive media for display in the lens in any suitable manner.  FIGS. 24-26  are schematic views of different approaches for providing media from an electronic device to the goggle system in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Entertainment system  2400 , displayed in  FIG. 24 , may include goggle system  2401 , electronic device  2420 , and cable  2402  coupling electronic device  2420  to goggle system  2401 . Electronic device  2420  may be any suitable electronic device for providing media to goggle system  2401 , such as, for example, a computer, a cellular telephone, a mobile communications device, a personal media device, a gaming device, a set-top box, a television system, or any other suitable electronic device. 
     Using cable  2402 , media signals, control signals, power, or any other suitable type of signal may be transferred between electronic device  2420  and goggle system  2401 . In some embodiments, goggle system  2401  may include a user interface allowing the user to control one or more features of electronic device  2401  through cable  2402 . 
     Entertainment system  2400  may include connector box  2410 . Connector box  2410  may include one or more connector portions for connecting to goggle system  2401  and electronic device  2420 . In some embodiments, box  2410  may be permanently coupled to one of goggle system  2401  and electronic device  2420 . Box  2410  may include a power connector, a video connector, and an audio connector, or any other suitable input/output interface. For example, box  2410  may include a connector for a 30-pin cable coupled to electronic device  2420  (e.g., a connector for media incoming from the electronic device). 
     In some embodiments, box  2410  may provide power to goggle system  2401 . For example, box  2410  may power the circuit boards and optical modules of goggle system  2401 . As another example, box  2410  may recharge a battery in goggle system  2401  that powers the components of goggle system  2401 . In some embodiments, box  2410  may be configured to provide a conversion of video or audio signals from electronic device  2420  to goggle system  2401 . For example, box  2410  may be configured to perform an analog to digital conversion for the media provided by electronic device  2420 , or box  2410  may extract left and right images from received media. 
     In some embodiments, box  2410  may include memory, for example for storing or caching media to display in goggle system  2401 . If box  2410  is coupled to goggle system  2401  only, box  2410  may store media available to goggle system  2401  in the absence of an electronic device. For example, box  2410  may incorporate some or all of the functionality of the electronic device (e.g., box  2410  used as an iPod). Box  2410  may include a user interface for allowing the user to control one or more features of goggle system  2401 , electronic device  2420 , or both. For example, the user interface may allow a user to control the media currently displayed in goggle system  2401  (e.g., fast forward, rewind, pause, next, or slow-motion), the volume of media, playlist controls, the luminosity of the display, or any other operation of the goggle system that may be electrically controlled (e.g., as opposed to mechanically controlled, such as the wheel of the display adjust mechanism in some embodiments of the invention). The user interface may include any suitable user interface such as, for example, a button, keypad, dial, click wheel, touch screen or pad, multi-touch screen or pad, or any other suitable interface. 
     In some embodiments, box  2410  may authenticate goggle system  2401  or electronic device  2420  before providing media from the electronic device to the goggle system. This approach may allow box  2410  to verify that a user has properly purchased or acquired access to the media that will be displayed. 
     Entertainment system  2500 , displayed in  FIG. 25 , may include goggle system  2501  and electronic device  2520 . Goggle system  2501  may be coupled to electronic device  2520  using cable  2502 . In some embodiments, the some or all of the functionality and components of box  2410  ( FIG. 24 ) may be incorporated in goggle system  2501 , electronic device  2520 , or both. For example, goggle system  2501  may include a user interface for controlling various features of goggle system  2501  and of electronic device  2520 , memory, processing or control circuitry, or any other suitable components. 
     Entertainment system  2600 , displayed in  FIG. 26 , may include goggle system  2601  and electronic device  2620 . Electronic device  2620  may use a wireless communications protocol to provide data, such as media or playback instructions, to goggle system  2601 . Suitable communications protocols may include, for example, Wi-Fi communications (e.g., one of the 802.11 standards), Bluetooth, Nordic, high frequency systems (e.g., 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, and 5.6 GHz communication systems), short-range radio circuitry (e.g., walkie-talkie type circuitry), infrared, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Synchronous Code Division Multiplexing (CDMA), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), GSM Evolution (EDGE), combinations thereof, or any other suitable communications protocol. 
     Goggle system  2601  and electronic device  2620  may communicate any suitable data. For example, goggle system  2601  may transmit instructions for electronic device  2620  to perform one or more operations (e.g., provide media, create a playlist, shuffle songs, or navigate a menu). As another example, electronic device  2620  may transmit media streams (e.g., video streams or audio streams) to goggle system  2601  for display by the display generation components. 
     In some embodiments, some or all of the functionality and components of box  2410  ( FIG. 24 ) may be incorporated in goggle system  2601 , electronic device  2620 , or both. For example, goggle system  2601  may include a user interface for controlling various features of goggle system  2601  and of electronic device  2520 , memory, processing or control circuitry, or any other suitable components. 
     In some embodiments, the goggle systems may include some or all of the components, functionality, or both of the electronic device. For example, the goggle system may include a processor, data processing circuitry, or control circuitry, a user interface, memory for storing media (e.g., a hard-drive, a solid state drive, flash memory, permanent memory such as ROM, semi-permanent memory such as RAM, or cache), or any other suitable component. In some embodiments, the goggle system may include some or all of the software or firmware of the electronic device (e.g., a CODEC). 
     In some embodiments, the electronic device, the goggle system, or both may include one or more tuners for tuning television or radio signals. The tuners may allow the user to watch live television or listen to live radio with the goggle system. In some embodiments, the electronic device, the goggle system, or both may include circuitry or software for downloading media, streaming media (e.g., on demand media), purchasing access to content (e.g., pay-per-view programs), or for accessing any other type of media or content. 
     The user may control the playback of media, and other goggle system operations using any suitable approach. For example, the goggle system may include a user interface for controlling one or more of the operations of the goggle system and one or more of the operations of an electronic device coupled to the goggle system. Suitable operations may include, for example, controlling the display of media in the goggle system (e.g., the position of the display generation components, the luminosity of the display, audio volume, playback control, or 2-D/3-D toggle), controlling the remote device (e.g., on/off, playback control, playlist generation and management, library management, etc.), or any other suitable operation. The user interface may be any suitable user interface including, for example, a button, keypad, dial, click wheel, touch screen or pad, multi-touch screen or pad, combinations thereof, or any other suitable user interface. 
     In some embodiments, the goggle system may include different components, or combinations of components from goggle system  100 .  FIG. 27  is an exploded view of a goggle system in accordance with another embodiment of the invention. Goggle system  2700  may include outer lens or cover  2702 , spacer or mid-frame  2710 , foam layer  2740 , and optical modules  2750 . It is to be noted that goggle system  2700  may not include an inner cover coupled to the optical modules (e.g., inner cover  120 ,  FIG. 1 ), for example to further reduce the rigidity and enhance the flexibility of goggle system  2700 . 
     Outer cover  2702  may include some or all of the features of outer cover  104  ( FIG. 1 ). In particular, outer cover  2702  may be manufactured from any suitable material including, for example, glass, plastic, ceramic, metal (e.g., polished aluminum), or any other suitable material. Spacer or mid-frame  2710  may include some or all of the features of mid-frame  110 , inner cover  120  ( FIG. 1 ), or both. Spacer  2710  may be coupled to outer cover  2702  around optical modules  2750 . Spacer  2710  may be manufactured from any flexible material operative to bend or deflect with outer cover  2702  but also stiff enough as not to compress (e.g., and damage optical modules  2750 ). Spacer  2710  may conform to the shape of a user&#39;s face but still provide the desired spacing between the user&#39;s eyes and modules  2750 . 
     Foam layer  2740  may include some or all of the features of foam  140  ( FIG. 1 ). For example, foam layer  2740  may include any compressible foam or material operative to compress to accommodate uneven matches between the curvature of spacer  2710  and the shape of a user&#39;s face to maximize the user&#39;s comfort when wearing goggle system  2700 . 
     Optical modules  2750  may include a frame, a display adjust mechanism, dovetailed followers, and display generation modules, all of which may include some or all of the features of the corresponding components described above in connection with goggle system  100  ( FIG. 1 ). Optical modules  2750  may be protected in a rigid shell  2752  and compliantly coupled to outer cover  2702  via a rotatable hinge coupling system  2754  that may allow shell  2752  with modules  2750  to swivel with respect to outer cover  2702  (e.g., adjusting the user&#39;s display). In some embodiments, optical modules  2750  may instead or in addition be coupled to spacer  2710 . 
     In some embodiments, flexible padding  2756  may be provided between modules  2750  and outer cover  2702  to protect modules  2750  when they rotate relative hinge coupling system  2754  and impact outer cover  2702 . Padding  2756  may include any suitable type of foam or spring system or any other suitable flexible material or system that may allow for deflection of padding  2756  as shell  2752  rotates in the direction of arrows F about the center line of the outer cover. In some embodiments, outer cover  2702  may instead or in addition be operative to deflect to allow shell  2752  to move. 
       FIG. 28A  is a top view, and  FIG. 28B  is a perspective view of another goggle system in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Goggle system  2800  may include outer cover  2802 , foam layer  2840  and optical modules  2850 . Outer cover  2802  may include outer surface  2804  and several fins  2806  extending away from outer surface  2804  about shell  2852  of optical modules  2850 . Fins  2806  may be manufactured by creating several spaced apertures or slots  2807  in a portion of outer cover  2802  (e.g., along the top surface, bottom surface, or both of outer cover  2802 ). Any suitable material may be selected for fins  2806 . For example, the material used for fins  2806  may be selected so that fins  2806  are stiff in the direction of arrows S (i.e., along their long axis) to maintain the desired spacing between optical modules  2850  and a user&#39;s eyes, but also such that fins  2806  may deflect towards one another in the direction of arrows E when outer cover  2802  is deflected. The length L of each fin  2806  may be selected such that a user&#39;s eyes may be separated from modules  2850  by the desired distance once foam layer  2840  is coupled to the ends of fins  2806  of outer cover  2802  (e.g., as shown in  FIG. 28B ). 
     The goggle system may use any suitable foam for ensuring the user a comfortable fit. For example, the goggle system may include different types of foam layers.  FIG. 29  is a perspective view of a foam layer placed on a user&#39;s face in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.  FIG. 30  is a perspective view of the back side of the foam layer of  FIG. 29  in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Foam layer  2940 , which may include some or all of the features of foam layer  140  ( FIG. 1 ), may include a soft foam portion  2942  through the full part thickness of foam layer  2940  in at least certain specific locations. This may improve the comfort of a user using goggles with foam layer  2940 , especially for users who wear eyeglasses (e.g., user  2900  who is wearing eyeglasses  2910  with temples  2912  supported by nose  2902 ). As shown in  FIG. 30 , soft foam portion  2942  may be provided through the full part thickness of foam layer  2940  at locations  2942 ′, which may correspond to temples  2912  of eyeglasses  2910 , and at location  2942 ″, which may correspond to the user&#39;s nose  2902 . The portions of soft foam portion  2942  that run through the full part thickness of foam layer  2940  may improve the comfort of user  2900  by at least reducing the pressure created by foam layer  2940  on temples  2912  and nose  2902 , for example. 
       FIG. 31  is a cross-sectional view of the foam layer of  FIG. 29  in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Foam layer  2940  may include soft foam portion  2942  and a hard foam portion  2944  that may be of a harder density than soft foam portion  2944 . Foam layer  2940  may also include a flocked material  2946  forming the cosmetic external surface of foam portions  2942  and  2944  to increase the comfort of the user and enhance the aesthetic appearance of the goggle system. In some embodiments, foam layer  2940  may include mounting plate  2948  provided on the surface of foam layer  2940  facing away from the user for coupling foam layer  2940  to another portion of the goggle system (e.g., an outer cover). Mounting plate  2948  may be formed from any suitable material, including for example metal, a composite material, plastic (e.g., polyurethane), or any other suitable material. 
       FIG. 32  is a top view of a schematic head-mounted display in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Head mounted display  3210  may include outer shield  3212 , which may be formed in a wide variety of shapes. For example, outer shield  3212  may include rectilinear shapes, curvilinear shapes, a sheet (e.g., a curved surface), a box-like shape (e.g., with one or more side walls), or any other suitable shape. Outer shield  3212  may be formed from any suitable material including, for example, a plastic, metal, rubber, ceramic material, combinations of these, or any other suitable material. In some embodiments, a flexible material may be selected for outer shield  3212  to ensure the head mounted display remains somewhat compliant, thereby improving the feel of the head mounted display when worn on the face (e.g., conforming better to the face). 
     Head mounted display  3210  may include optical module  3214 , which may include a frame operative to support and protect display elements  3215 . Because optical module  3214  includes display elements  3215  (which may be fragile), the frame may include one or more rigid or durable components. In some embodiments, the frame may include a cross bar and one or more integrally formed enclosures for housing display elements  3215 . 
     Head mounted display  3210  may include connector assembly  3216  operative to couple optical module  3214  to outer shield  3212  using any suitable approach. Connector assembly  3216  may rigidly secure optical module  3214  to outer shield  3212  (e.g., does not allow optical module  3214  to move), or connector assembly  3216  may allow optical module  3214  to move relative to outer shield  3212 . For example, connector assembly  3216  may allow the optical module  3214  to slide relative to the inner surface of outer shield  3212  along one or more axes, or to pivot about one or more axes. In some embodiments, optical module  3214  may be coupled to connector assembly  3216  using a flexure system, a gimbal type arrangement, a linkage system, a combination of these, or any other suitable system. Connector assembly  3216  may provide any number of degrees of freedom depending on the needs of head mounted display  3210 . 
     Connector assembly  3216  may include a stabilization system for stabilizing optical module  3214  relative to outer shield  3212 . For example, a spring (e.g., a sprung system) may be used such that the spring force between optical module  3214  and outer shield  3212  may equalize the forces to maintain the optical elements of optical module  3214  parallel to the user&#39;s face when outer shield  3212  bends around the user&#39;s face. The spring force may be embodied in a variety of ways, including for example conventional springs such as compression, tension, torsion, and leaf springs may be used, compressive materials (e.g., foam), or any other suitable manner. 
     Head mounted display  3210  may include face frame  3218 , which may be constructed to both bend easily, but be very stiff in compression. This can be implemented in a wide variety of ways, including for example using a fanned structure with air voids, voids filled with selected materials (e.g., foam), combinations of these, or any other suitable material. The fanned structure may be formed from a variety of materials depending on the desired rigidity and flexibility. Such materials may include, for example, plastics, rubbers, and various foam materials. 
     Face frame  3218  may be fixed or mounted to inner portion of the outer shield  3212 . For example, face frame  3218  may be coupled along the peripheral edge portion of outer shield  3212 . In some embodiments, face frame  3218  may include a mounting system for attaching itself to outer shield  3212 . For example, face frame  3218  may include slots that receive flanges on the inner surface of outer shield  3212  (or vice versa). In this manner, face frame  3218  may be very easily snapped into place. This may allow for different sized face frames  3218  to be used (e.g., people have different faces and therefore different sizes of face frames may be needed). Any suitable mounting arrangement may be used including, for example, friction couplings, screws, adhesives (e.g., glue or epoxy), hook and fastener material (e.g., Velcro), or any other suitable mounting arrangement. 
     Head mounted display  3210  may include face contacting member  3220  operative to comfortably conform to a user&#39;s face when head mounted display  3210  is worn. Face contacting member  3220  may compress as necessary to conform to the user&#39;s face using uniform compressibility or varying compressibility about the perimeter (discrete points or portions may be more or less compressible than other points or portions). Face contacting member  3220  may be affixed or mounted to face frame  3218 , for example in a manner similar to how face frame  3218  is attached to the outer shield  3212 . In some embodiments, face frame  3218  and face contacting member  3220  may be coupled together as an integrated unit. Various materials may be used for the face contacting member  3220 , including for example foam-like materials (e.g., as a single piece of foam or a combination of several pieces of foam) or other compressible materials. By changing the material or materials used for different portions of face contacting member  3220 , the compressive forces at discrete points about the perimeter may vary thereby making head mounted display  3210  more comfortable to wear. In some embodiments, face contacting member  3220  may include an outer layer selected for its aesthetic appearance. For example, one or more sides of face contacting member  3220  (e.g., the side surfaces and face contacting surfaces) may be covered with a coating or flocking material such as fabric or rubber like materials. 
     It will be understood that this invention may be implemented in any suitable device for supporting the display generation components. For example, the principles of this invention may also be applied to glasses (e.g., sunglasses), a helmet, a hat, or any other suitable device for supporting the display generation components on a user. 
     The above described embodiments of the present invention are presented for purposes of illustration and not of limitation, and the present invention is limited only by the claims which follow.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20080502
Publication Date: 20131210
Grant Date: 20131210
Priority Date: 20070504
Inventors: PREST CHRISTOPHER D.
TANG JOHN
HANKEY M. EVANS
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G02B2027/0181", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B2027/0185", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B2027/0181", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/003", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B27/0172", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B27/0176", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G09G3/003", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B27/0176", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B2027/0185", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B27/0172", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 49681554