PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-8781836-B2
Application Number: US-201113032525-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Hearing assistance system for providing consistent human speech

Abstract:
Broadly speaking, the embodiments disclosed herein describe an apparatus, system, and method that allows a user of a hearing assistance system to perceive consistent human speech. The consistent human speech can be based upon user specific preferences.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A method performed by a portable computing device for providing consistent speech, wherein the portable computing device includes a processor, memory and an audio processing component coupled with an audio input device, comprising:
 receiving human speech at the audio input device, the human speech including one or more inconsistent components; 
 converting the human speech into consistent speech, including:
 converting the human speech to text; and 
 converting the text directly to consistent speech based at least in part on a text to speech protocol that renders at least one of the one or more inconsistent components consistent, wherein the one or more inconsistent components include varying speech patterns or speech artifacts; and 
 
 passing the consistent speech to an output device. 
 
     
     
       2. The method as recited in  claim 1 , further comprising:
 presenting the consistent speech by the output device. 
 
     
     
       3. The method as recited in  claim 2 , wherein the text to speech protocol is a first text to speech protocol; and
 the method, further comprising:
 receiving an end user evaluation of the consistent speech presented by the output device; 
 upon determining that the end user evaluation indicates that the presented consistent speech is acceptable, identifying the first text to speech protocol as a preferred text to speech protocol; 
 upon determining that the end user evaluation indicates that the presented consistent speech is not acceptable:
 selecting a second text to speech conversion protocol, wherein the second text to speech protocol is different from the first speech to text protocol; 
 converting the text directly to consistent speech based at least in part on the second speech to text protocol; and 
 passing the consistent speech based at least in part on the second speech to text protocol to the output device. 
 
 
 
     
     
       4. The method as recited in  claim 1 , wherein the output device is incorporated into a hearing aid, and wherein the portable computing device is in wireless communication with the hearing aid. 
     
     
       5. The method of  1 , wherein the human speech and the consistent speech are in the same language. 
     
     
       6. The method of  1 , wherein the consistent speech includes less than all of the one or more inconsistent components in the human speech. 
     
     
       7. The method of  1 , further comprising, prior to the converting:
 determining a degree of consistency of the human speech; 
 comparing the degree of consistency of the human speech to a predefined consistency threshold; and 
 upon determining that the degree of consistency does not meet the predefined consistency threshold, performing the converting of the human speech into consistent speech. 
 
     
     
       8. The method of  7 , wherein the comparing indicates an amount of processing and one or more types of processing required to convert the human speech into consistent speech. 
     
     
       9. A hearing assistance system, comprising:
 a portable computing device, comprising:
 a processor; 
 memory; 
 a user input interface; 
 an audio input device arranged to receive human speech, the human speech including one or more inconsistent components; 
 a speech consistency engine coupled to the audio input device, the speech consistency engine arranged to receive the human speech from the audio input device, and to condition the received human speech into consistent human speech, wherein the speech consistency engine includes:
 a speech to text (STT) engine arranged to convert the human speech to text; and 
 a text to speech (TTS) engine coupled to the SST engine used to convert the text to consistent human speech based at least in part on a text to speech conversion protocol that renders at least one of the one or more inconsistent components consistent, wherein the one or more inconsistent components include varying speech patterns or speech artifacts; and 
 
 an interface arranged to facilitate the establishment of a communication link between the speech consistency engine and an output device, wherein the consistent human speech is passed from the speech consistency engine to the output device. 
 
 
     
     
       10. The hearing assistance system as recited in  claim 9 , wherein the consistent human speech is presented by the output device. 
     
     
       11. The hearing assistance system as recited in  claim 9 , wherein the output device is incorporated into a hearing aid physically apart from the portable computing device. 
     
     
       12. The hearing assistance system as recited in  claim 10 , wherein the user input interface is arranged to receive an end user evaluation of the presented consistent human speech; and
 wherein the portable computing device is arranged to:
 identify the text to speech conversion protocol used by the speech consistency engine as a preferred text to speech conversion protocol when the end user evaluation indicates that the presented consistent speech is acceptable to the end user; and 
 update the text to speech protocol used by the speech consistency engine when the end user evaluation indicates that the presented consistent speech is not acceptable to the end user. 
 
 
     
     
       13. The hearing assistance system of  claim 9 , wherein the received human speech and the consistent human speech are in the same language. 
     
     
       14. The hearing assistance system of  claim 9 , wherein the consistent human speech includes less than all of the one or more inconsistent components in the received human speech. 
     
     
       15. The hearing assistance system of  claim 9 , wherein, prior to the conditioning, the speech consistency engine is arranged to:
 determine a degree of consistency of the received human speech; 
 compare the degree of consistency of the received human speech to a predefined consistency threshold; and 
 upon determining that the degree of consistency does not meet the predefined consistency threshold, perform the conditioning of the received human speech into consistent human speech. 
 
     
     
       16. The hearing assistance system of  claim 15 , wherein the comparing indicates an amount of processing and one or more types of processing required to convert the received human speech into consistent human speech. 
     
     
       17. A non-transitory computer readable medium for storing a computer program executable by a processor in a portable computing device for providing consistent speech, wherein the portable computing device includes an audio processing component coupled with an audio input device, the computer readable medium comprising:
 computer code for receiving human speech at the audio input device, the human speech including one or more inconsistent components; 
 computer code for converting the human speech into consistent speech, including:
 computer code for converting the human speech to text; and 
 computer code for converting the text directly to consistent speech based at least in part on a text to speech protocol that renders at least one of the one or more inconsistent components consistent, wherein the one or more inconsistent components include varying speech patterns or speech artifacts; and 
 
 computer code for passing the consistent speech to an output device. 
 
     
     
       18. The computer readable medium as recited in  claim 17 , further comprising:
 computer code for presenting the consistent speech by the output device. 
 
     
     
       19. The computer readable medium as recited in  claim 18 , wherein the text to speech protocol is a first text to speech protocol; and
 the computer readable medium, further comprising:
 computer code for receiving an end user evaluation of the consistent speech presented by the output device; 
 computer code for identifying the first text to speech protocol as a preferred text to speech protocol when the end user evaluation indicates that the presented consistent speech is acceptable; 
 computer code for selecting a second text to speech conversion protocol when the end user evaluation indicates that the presented consistent speech is not acceptable; 
 computer code for converting the text directly to consistent speech based at least in part on the second speech to text protocol; and 
 computer code for passing the consistent speech based at least in part on the second speech to text protocol to the output device. 
 
 
     
     
       20. The computer readable medium as recited in  claim 17 , wherein the output device is incorporated into a hearing aid, and wherein the portable computing device is in wireless communication with the portable computing device. 
     
     
       21. The computer readable medium of  claim 17 , wherein the human speech and the consistent speech are in the same language. 
     
     
       22. The computer readable medium of  claim 17 , wherein the consistent speech includes less than all of the one or more inconsistent components in the human speech. 
     
     
       23. The computer readable medium of  claim 17 , further comprising:
 computer code for, prior to the converting, determining a degree of consistency of the human speech; 
 computer code for, prior to the converting, comparing the degree of consistency of the human speech to a predefined consistency threshold; and 
 computer code for, prior to the converting, performing the converting of the human speech into consistent speech when the degree of consistency does not meet the predefined consistency threshold. 
 
     
     
       24. The computer readable medium of  claim 23 , wherein the comparing indicates an amount of processing and one or more types of processing required to convert the human speech into consistent speech.

Description:
FIELD OF THE DESCRIBED EMBODIMENTS 
     The described embodiments relate to methods and apparatus for processing and/or enhancing audio signals used by a hearing aid. In particular, methods, systems and apparatus are described for providing a consistent version of human speech by the hearing aid. 
     DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART 
     A modern hearing aid can help to mitigate at least some of the problems associated with impaired hearing by amplifying ambient sound. A modern hearing aid can receive an input audio signal using an input converter. The audio input signal can in turn be converted into electrical input signals that are routed to a signal processing unit for further processing and amplification. The further processing and amplification can be used to compensate for the individual loss of hearing of a hearing aid wearer. The signal processing unit provides an electrical output signal which is fed via an output converter to the wearer of the hearing aid so the wearer perceives the output signal as an acoustic signal. Earpieces which generate an acoustic output signal are usually used as output converters. 
     Unfortunately, modern hearing aids do not take into consideration varying speech artifacts and other speech artifact that may make understanding the context of speech difficult. For example, in a classroom or lecture environment where a presenter is speaking and providing visual input (such as writing on a board), the hearing aid user may have difficulty concentrating on both the visually presented information and that provided aurally by the speaker. This is particularly true if the speaker has an idiosyncratic speech artifact, accent, and so forth that can require the hearing aid user to focus on understanding the audible version of the lecturer&#39;s speech provided by the hearing aid possibly at the expense of the visually presented information. 
     Therefore, with the advent of programmable hearing aids and other hearing assistance devices whose signal processing can at least be partially modified, what is desired is providing a hearing aid or hearing assistance device that provides a consistent speech presentation. 
     SUMMARY 
     Broadly speaking, the embodiments disclosed herein describe providing individualized consistent speech patterns to a user of a hearing assistance system. More specifically, a method performed by a portable computing device for providing consistent speech is described. In one embodiment, the portable computing device includes an audio processing component coupled with an audio input device. The method can be performed by carrying out the following operations: receiving human speech at the audio input device, converting the human speech to text, converting the text directly to a consistent speech using a text to speech protocol, and passing the consistent speech to an output device. 
     In one aspect of the described embodiment, an end user provides an evaluation of the consistent speech that can be used to identify the text to speech protocol used to convert the text directly to consistent speech as a preferred conversion protocol. 
     In one embodiment, a hearing assistance system includes at least a portable computing device having at least a user input interface, an audio input device arranged to receive human speech, a speech consistency engine coupled to the audio input device arranged to receive the human speech from the audio input device and condition the received human speech into consistent human speech, and an interface arranged to facilitate the establishment of a communication link between the speech consistency engine and an output device. In the described embodiment, the consistent human speech is passed from the speech consistency engine to the output device. 
     In another embodiment, non-transitory computer readable medium for storing a computer program executable by a processor in a portable computing device for providing consistent speech is described. In the described embodiment, the portable computing device includes an audio processing component coupled with an audio input device. The non-transitory computer readable medium includes computer code for receiving human speech at the audio input device, computer code for converting the human speech to text, computer code for converting the text directly to a consistent speech using a text to speech protocol, and computer code for passing the consistent speech to an output device. 
     A method of calibrating a hearing assistance system for providing a consistent human speech at an output device of the hearing assistance system is described. The method can be carried out by receiving a human speech calibration file at a venue, the human speech calibration file including at least an idiosyncratic human speech artifact, converting the human speech calibration file to the consistent human speech using at least a current consistent speech preference, receiving an evaluation of the consistent human speech, associating the current consistent speech preference with a venue when the evaluation indicates that the consistent human speech is acceptable. 
     Other aspects and advantages will become apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the invention. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The described embodiments will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like structural elements, and in which: 
         FIG. 1A  and  FIG. 1B  show representative hearing assistance systems in accordance with the presently described embodiments. 
         FIG. 2  shows an embodiment of a speech consistency engine in accordance with the described embodiments. 
         FIG. 3  shows a flowchart detailing process in accordance with the described embodiments. 
         FIG. 4  is a flowchart detailing a calibration process in accordance with the described embodiments. 
         FIG. 5  is a representative computing system in accordance with the described embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DESCRIBED EMBODIMENTS 
     In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the concepts underlying the described embodiments. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the described embodiments can be practiced without some or all of these specific details. In other instances, well known process steps have not been described in detail in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the underlying concepts. 
     Modern hearing aids do not take into consideration varying speech patterns and other idiosyncratic speech artifacts that may make understanding the content of speech difficult. For example, in a classroom or lecture environment where a presenter is concurrently speaking and providing visual input (such as writing on a board), the hearing aid user may have difficulty concentrating on both the visually presented information and the information provided aurally by the speaker. This is particularly true if the speaker aurally presents with an idiosyncratic speech artifact that requires the hearing aid user to focus on understanding the audible version of the lecturer&#39;s speech provided by the hearing aid possibly at the expense of the visually presented information. 
     In order to overcome this problem, the embodiments herein describe a method, system, and apparatus that provide an end user with consistency in speech regardless of the speaking style or other idiosyncratic artifacts of the speech giver. In this way, the consistency of the speech perceived by the end user can enhance the understanding and overall user experience. In one embodiment, the consistency of the provided speech can be user based in that the hearing aid user can specify characteristics (such as pausing, emphasis, intonation, etc.) of the consistent speech. 
     In one embodiment, a hearing assistance system can include an audio processing component and an audio presenting component. The audio processing component can include, in turn, an audio input portion arranged to receive an audio input. In the context of this discussion, the primary audio input of interest is human speech. The audio processing component can also include a speech consistency engine arranged to receive the human speech and convert any inconsistent portion of the incoming human speech into consistent human speech. In one embodiment, a degree of the consistency of the incoming human speech (also referred to as native speech consistency) can be determined. The degree of native speech consistency can then be compared against a threshold value. This comparison can be used to evaluate if the degree of native speech consistency of the incoming speech is sufficient that no further processing is required. Conversely, the comparison can indicate just how much and the type of subsequent processing that is required to bring the (at least partially inconsistent) incoming speech into conformance with end user acceptance. It should be noted that by degree of native speech consistency it is meant that certain characteristics (intonation, speech patterns, pacing, etc.) of the incoming speech can be compared against the speech characteristics that an end user considers to constitute consistent human speech. In one embodiment, a weighting factor can be used to indicate the amount of importance to each speech characteristic. For example, the end user may be sensitive to fast paced speech but relatively agnostic to intonation. In this case, a speech consistency filter can include weighted filter components that more heavily weigh the fast paced speech filter component than the intonation filter component. In this way, the speech consistency filter can preferentially flag fast paced incoming speech over intonation. 
     The audio processing component can also include a speech consistency engine arranged to convert inconsistent (or at least the inconsistent components) of the incoming speech into speech that is meets with end user requirements. In one embodiment, the speech consistency engine can receive information from the speech consistency filter. The information can, in turn, be used by the speech consistency engine in processing of the incoming speech. In one embodiment, the information can cause the speech consistency engine to be disabled in those situations where the incoming speech has been determined to be consistent (at least in terms of end user acceptance). In one embodiment, the information from the speech consistency filter can be used by the speech consistency engine to select specific speech processing protocols to be used to render the inconsistent components of the incoming speech consistent. 
     It should be noted that in some cases the human speech can be received “live” by which it is meant that a human is presenting the speech received at that audio input portion in real time. In other cases, the human speech can be recorded or otherwise processed prior to being received at the audio input portion. This is typically the case where the human speech has been pre-recorded and is being presented audibly (using, for example, a speaker) or the human is presenting speech live but at a remote location necessitating the speech be electronically pre-processed prior to being received at the audio input portion. In these “non-live” situations, it is possible that at least some of the processing carried out by the audio processing component can be performed by an external circuit. For example, if as part of the non-live speech presentation a textual representation of the speech is provided, then the provided text can be used by the audio processing component to simplify the audio processing operations. It should also be noted that the audio input portion can receive digital audio files. The digital audio files can take many forms such as a digital data file (such as a .WAV file, MP3 file, and so forth). The source of such digital data files can include computing devices such as a smartphone (such as an iPhone™) or portable media player (such as an iPod™) each manufactured by Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. For example, lectures can be recorded and presented by a portable media player at a later time, or a book can be recorded in the form of an audio book that can be listened to by a user that their time of choosing. 
     In any case, once the audio input portion has received audio input, the audio input portion can process the received audio input in such a way so as to provide a consistent speech output. In one embodiment, the consistent speech output can include speech artifacts that are specifically tailored to particular requirements of the end user. In this way, the end user can hear the same speech artifact regardless of the speech patterns or other idiosyncratic speech artifacts of the speech giver. For example, the end user can specify a length of time between individual words in order to provide the end user more time to digest and understand the context of the speech being provided by the speech giver. In one embodiment, specific phonemes, words, or phrases can be emphasized (or de-emphasized) in order to provide the end user with a more consistent listening experience. In this way, the ability of the end user to understand the content of the speech in the context in which it is given can be substantially improved since the end user can now focus on the content of the speech and not the manner in which the speech is presented. 
     In one embodiment, the audio presenting component can include processing circuitry arranged to receive and process consistent speech received from the audio processing component. The audio presenting component can include an output device. The output device can be used to present the consistent human speech in the form of audible sound. In one embodiment, the audio presenting component can take the form of a hearing aid. In this case, the output device can present the consistent human speech audibly or in the form of signals that can be impressed upon auditory nerves or bones that can then be perceived by the end user. Cochlear implants are typical of such devices. 
     The hearing aid can be in direct communication with the audio processing component. The direct communication can be wireless communication or wired communication. In one embodiment, the audio processing component can be embodied as circuit external to the hearing aid. Such external circuits can include portable computing devices such as portable media players, smartphones, and the like. In any case, either the audio processing component or the hearing aid can condition the consistent speech in accordance with specific hearing requirements of the hearing aid user. In this way, the consistent speech can be more readily perceived by the hearing aid user. In one embodiment, the conditioning of the speech can be based upon characteristics of the individual&#39;s specific hearing impairment. The characteristics can be embodied within a hearing aid (HA) profile used to configure the audio processing. For example, in the case of age related high frequency loss, the audio processing portion can emphasize lower frequencies or ranges of frequencies most likely to be heard by the individual. In one embodiment, the synthesized speech can avoid using higher frequencies altogether by, for example, employing a naturally sounding male voice. 
     It should be noted that the audio processing component and audio presenting component can be embodied in a single housing. For example, a hearing aid may include a processor configured to function as an audio processing component and a speaker configured to function as the audio presenting component. Alternatively, each of the audio processing and audio presenting components may be embodied in separate housings. For example, a portable computing device (e.g., smart phone, cell phone, media player, tablet, or the like) can be configured to function as the audio processing component and a hearing aid, ear phones, head phones, etc. are configured to function as the audio presenting component. Still alternatively, portions of each the audio processing and audio presenting components may be embodied within the same or different housings or any combination thereof. 
     These and other embodiments are discussed below with reference to  FIGS. 1-5 . However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the detailed description given herein with respect to these figures is for explanatory purposes as the invention extends beyond these limited embodiments. 
       FIG. 1A  depicts representative hearing assistance system  10  in accordance with the presently described embodiments. Hearing assistance system  10  can include audio processing component  12  and audio presenting component  14 . Audio processing component  12  can include, in turn, audio input portion  16  arranged to receive audio input  18 . In the context of this discussion, the primary audio input of interest is human speech. Audio processing component  12  can also include speech consistency engine  20  arranged to receive human speech  18  and convert any inconsistent portion of the human speech  18  into consistent human speech  22 . In one embodiment, a degree of the consistency of the incoming human speech (also referred to as native speech consistency) can be determined by speech consistency filter  24 . The degree of native speech consistency can then be compared against a threshold value. This comparison can be used to evaluate if the degree of native speech consistency of the incoming speech is sufficient that no further consistency related processing is required. 
     Speech consistency engine  20  can convert inconsistent (or at least the inconsistent components) of human speech  18  into consistent speech  22  (i.e., speech that is consistent with end user requirements and is therefore considered to be acceptable). In one embodiment, speech consistency engine  20  can receive information  26  from speech consistency filter  24 . Information  26  can be used by speech consistency engine  20  in processing of human speech  18 . Information  26  can include the degree of native consistency of human speech  18 , weighting factors used in the determination of the degree of native consistency, and so on. In one embodiment, information  26  can result in speech consistency engine  20  entering into an inactive state in those situations where human speech  18  is deemed to be consistent (at least in terms of end user acceptance). In one embodiment, information  26  can be used by speech consistency engine  20  to select specific speech processing protocols (describe in some detail with regards to a specific embodiment of speech consistency engine  20 ) to be used to render the inconsistent components of human speech  18  consistent. 
     Audio presenting component  14  can include processing circuitry  28  arranged to receive and process consistent speech  22  from the audio processing component  12 . Audio presenting component  14  can include output device  30 . In one embodiment, output device  30  can take the form of acoustic transducer (e.g., speaker) that can be used to present consistent human speech  22  in the form of audible sound. In one embodiment, audio presenting component  14  can be part of or take the form of a hearing aid. In this case, output device  30  can present consistent human speech  22  in the form of audible sound. However, output device  30  can also take the form of a signal generator that provides signals that can be impressed upon auditory nerves or bones that can then be perceived by the end user. Cochlear implants are typical of such devices. In one embodiment, audio presenting component  14  as a hearing aid can be in direct communication with audio processing component  12 , the direct communication being wireless communication or wired communication. It should also be noted that in some cases, both audio processing component  12  and audio presenting component  14  can be embodied in a single device that can be implanted into the auditory canal of the end user. In some cases, however, only a portion can be placed external to the auditory canal of the end user. 
     It should be noted that consistent speech  22  can be human speech perceived by a user having consistent and well defined structure. For example, in the embodiment shown, consistent speech  22  can be formed by reconfiguring incoming (and presumed inconsistent) speech  18  into consistent speech  22  formed of well-defined speech units S 1  . . . SN arranged in a manner that can be easily perceived and understood by the user. For example, the user may prefer that speech units SN be equi-temporally spaced apart in order to present a speech cadence easy to understand. In one embodiment, speech units SN can be phonemes, words, sentences, or any other appropriate language elements. The choice of speech units SN and timing Δt between utterance of two consecutive speech units can be pre-determined, venue specific, or selected by the user of hearing assistance system  10 . It should be noted that the form of speech units SN, timing Δt, volume of speech, intonation, to name just a few can each be preferentially selected by the user for maximum comprehension. 
       FIG. 1B  illustrates a specific embodiment of hearing assistance system  10  in the form of hearing assistance system  100 . In the embodiment shown, hearing assistance system  100  does not filter incoming speech  18  with regards to the native degree of consistency since in this situation the end user considers all incoming speech to be inconsistent and therefore in need of subsequent processing. It should be noted, however, that the absence of speech consistency filter  24  may be only be due to the fact that a software module associated with speech consistency filter  24  is disabled. For example, when hearing assistance system  100  acts as a hearing aid, the end user may simply decide that all incoming speech is inconsistent and must therefore be processed accordingly. In this case, any functionality associated with filtering incoming speech for native consistency may simply be “switched off” thereby preserving computing resources and power. 
     In any case, when hearing assistance system  100  acts a hearing aid, audio processing component  102  can be external to audio presenting component  104 . In other words, audio processing component  102  can be embodied as a circuit external to audio presenting component  104 . In this way, audio processing component  102  can be incorporated in computing devices such as smartphones, tablet computers, media players, and so forth. In one embodiment, audio processing component  102  can be included in or otherwise take the form of circuitry external to audio presentation component  104 . As such, audio processing component  102  or its equivalent functionality can be incorporated into a device such as a smartphone (such as an iPhone™) or a portable media player (such as an iPod™) or a tablet computer (such as an iPad™) each manufactured by Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. It should also be noted, however, that in some cases, audio processing component  102  can be incorporated within housing  106  of audio presenting component  104 . In this scenario, it is contemplated that all processing resources required to provide consistent speech  22  are in fact incorporated into a single unit at least a portion of which can be placed in whole or in part within the auditory canal of the end user. 
     For the remainder of this discussion, it will be presumed that hearing assistance system  100  performs the functionality of hearing aid where audio presentation component  104  is separate from but nonetheless in communication with audio processing portion  102 . This scenario would be expected when a hearing impaired end user utilizes the computing and communication resources in a portable computing device (such as a iPhone™) to augment or otherwise assist in improving the end user&#39;s overall listening experience. Communication between audio processing portion  102  and audio presentation component  104  can by way of a wired connection or a wireless connection. In any case, audio presentation component  104  can be configured for placement at least partially within the auditory canal and includes housing  106 . In one embodiment, audio presentation component  104  can be external to the auditory canal (e.g., headphones, an implant not within the auditory canal, and so forth). In one embodiment, housing  106  can be configured for placement entirely within the auditory canal of the user. In accordance with this embodiment, information can be presented in the auditory canal by way of output device  108  positioned within housing  106 , e.g., through one or more openings (represented by opening  110 ) in housing  106 . In one embodiment, housing  106  can be configured for placement external to the auditory canal, e.g., in an exterior portion of the ear such as between the auricle of the ear and the head of the user. Transceiver  112  positioned within housing  106  can be configured to receive and transmit signals, e.g., from/to audio processing portion  102 . Transceiver  112  can communicate via a wired communication port  114  or wireless connection, e.g., using an infra-red (IR) LED or a radio frequency (RF) connection through an antenna  116 . Processor  118  can be coupled to transceiver  112  and to output device  108 . Processor  118  can be configured to receive/transmit data via transceiver  112  and store and retrieve data from the memory  120 . In addition, processor  118  can be configured to process data from transceiver  112  and memory  120  and is further configured to drive output device  108  to present information that can include consistent speech  22  that in one embodiment can be customized based upon preferences of the end user. 
     Suitable microphones, amplifiers, and speakers/hearing aid receivers will be understood by one of skill in the art. The audio processing performed by audio processing portion  102  can be based upon a number of hearing aid parameters that can be changed by adjusting controls or by programming. Such hearing aid parameters can include frequency response (e.g., signal edge displacement, rise time in the low and high tone range), gain, starting point of AGC, peak clipping, and so forth. For optimal performance, a particular audio environment can have associated with it a particular range of hearing aid parameters that can be further adjusted for the individual user. However, in order to properly adjust the audio processing of the audio circuitry, a potentially large number of hearing aid controls must be adjusted on a real time basis. Since the user can only freely adjust relatively few parameters such as volume or gain, one of the described embodiments utilizes a hearing aid parameter profile, or more simply, HA profile. 
     In one embodiment, audio input portion  124  can take the form of a microphone or other appropriate acoustic transducer. Microphone  124  can use, for example, a vibrating membrane that can mechanically respond to sound waves impinging on its surface. The vibrating membrane can interact with a transducer (not shown) to create an electrical signal that is analogous (i.e., analog) to the detected sound waves. In the described embodiments, the electrical signal can represent human speech  18  received in real time at microphone  124  that is presumed in this example to be sufficiently insufficient in nature to require subsequent consistency processing by a speech consistency engine. 
     In one embodiment, audio processing component  102  can include speech consistency engine  130  as one embodiment of speech consistency engine  20  shown in  FIG. 1A . Speech consistency engine  130  can be programmable by which it is meant that the audio processing carried out by speech consistency engine  130  can be widely varied. For example, speech consistency engine  130  can be programmed according to a hearing aid profile that can include a plurality of settings each of which can alter a corresponding audio processing operation. For example, the settings can include various frequency response curves (along the lines of an equalizer), gain control, filtering such as notch or band pass filtering and the like. In this way, hearing assistance device  100  can adapt its signal processing to a wide number of variables such as the environmental (i.e., ambient) noise level, room acoustic characteristics, user provided changes to parameters and so on. Speech consistency engine  130  can also be programmed to condition human speech  18  in a manner prescribed by a particular user to provide consistent speech  22  having user specified characteristics such as intonation, pausing, emphasis and so forth. 
     In one embodiment, speech consistency engine  130  can include components suitable for converting human speech  18  to corresponding text T. In one embodiment, speech to text (STT) processing can be carried out by speech to text (STT) processor  132 , also referred to as STT engine  132 . By converting human speech  18  to text T, STT engine  132  acts to remove any idiosyncratic speech anomalies and patterns present in human speech  18 . In other words, STT engine  132  acts to condition human speech  18  in accordance with the specific speech to text protocol used by STT engine  132 . In one embodiment STT engine  132  can generate incoming text T corresponding to human speech  18 . STT engine  132  can, in turn, provide incoming text T to text to speech engine (TTS)  134  arranged to convert text T to consistent speech  22 . 
     In one embodiment, TTS engine  134  can be programmable in that the protocols by which TTS engine  134  converts incoming text T to consistent speech  22  can be widely varied based at least upon the preferences provided by the hearing aid user. In this way, not only is consistent speech  22  essentially free of any idiosyncratic speech artifacts, but is also presented in a manner that is more likely to be easily perceived and understood by the hearing aid user since the hearing aid user can now focus on the content of the speech since the speech is now presented in a consistent and well defined manner. It should be noted that speech characteristics such as pitch, speed, intonation and volume (e.g., increase the TTS volume compared to ambient volume) are parameters that a user may store in a speech configuration file. For example, with regards to intonation, some users may prefer a TTS output with a very low intonation, that is, the synthesized voices exhibit little or no pitch change between different pronunciations of the same word in different contexts. In this way, using a low intonation is one way of producing consistent, easy to parse, speech output. 
     In one embodiment shown in  FIG. 2 , TTS engine  134  can include front end  136  and back end  138 . In a process referred to as text normalization, pre-processing or tokenization, text analysis module  140  included in front end  136  can be programmed to convert incoming text T (that can contain language in the form of words but also symbols like numbers and abbreviations) into the equivalent of textual output in the form of words  142 . Linguistic analysis module  144  in a process referred to as text-to-phoneme or grapheme-to-phoneme conversion, can assign phonetic transcriptions to each of words  142 . The assigned words can then be divided and marked into prosodic elements, such as phrases, clauses, and sentences. Phonetic transcriptions and prosody information together make up the symbolic linguistic representation  146  is output by front-end  136 . In one embodiment, linguistic analysis module  144  can be programmable in that at least some of the processing carried out by linguistic analysis module  144  can be influenced by user preferences  150 . In one embodiment, the user can select a particular speech synthesis protocol. For example, user preferences  150  can include an indicator directing TTS engine  136  to use specific speech synthesis models such as unit selection, diphone, domain specific, HMM based synthesis and so forth. 
     In one embodiment, the user can select a different speech synthesis model to use and then subjectively evaluate their ability to clearly understand the provided speech. In one embodiment, the evaluation can be based upon a calibration speech. The calibration speech can include a number of different speech mannerisms, colloquialisms, speech artifacts, etc. that can be used to evaluate different user preferences. When the user decides that a particular speech model is suited for a particular situation or venue, then that speech synthesis model can be programmed into TTS engine  136  for use anytime the particular venue is encountered. 
     In one embodiment, a particular speech synthesis model can be associated with a specific human speech environment. For example, in a lecture type environment the user may find that HMM based synthesis works best whereas watching a video with accompanying voice over, that unit selection synthesis works best. In any case, the user has the option of customizing the operation of TTS engine  136  to suit their particular needs. Therefore, whenever the user is attending, or plans to attend a lecture or similar venue, the user can use the preferences associated with the lecture venue to process human speech  18 . 
     In one embodiment, the target prosody (or at least a portion thereof) can be provided by the hearing aid user. For example, if the hearing aid user has difficulty understanding particular word intonations or when words are spoken quickly with little or no pausing, then part of the processing carried out by linguistic analysis module  144  can include identifying an incoming speech artifact that matches or at least partially matches those speech artifacts flagged by the hearing aid user as requiring special processing. For example, if the hearing aid user has difficulty understanding human speech spoken at high speed (i.e., short pauses between words or phrases), the user can specify that linguistic analysis module  144  provide constant, or nearly constant, pauses between words that may require especially long pauses between at least some words that were spoken quickly. In this way, the conditions speech  22  provided to the user can be perceived as having essentially constant pausing between words where the pauses are of a duration that the hearing aid user can more easily understand. 
     In one embodiment, back-end  138  can include synthesizer  152 . Synthesizer  152  can convert symbolic linguistic representation  146  provided by front end  136  into consistent sound  22 . 
       FIG. 3  shows a flowchart detailing process  300  in accordance with the described embodiments. Process  300  can be carried out by a hearing assistance system that can include an audio processing component arranged to detect audible sound and process the audible sound accordingly. In communication with the audio processing component, an audio presentation component can receive the processed audio from the audio processing component for further processing. The further processing can include formatting or otherwise conditioning the processed audio for presentation by an output device to an end user. 
     In any case, process  300  can be carried out by performing at least the following operations at a hearing assistance system. More particularly, process  300  can begin at  302  by receiving human speech at an input device. In one embodiment, the input device can be an audio input device arranged to detect audible sound such as human speech. In one embodiment, the human speech can be live in that a human is providing the speech in person at a location in the vicinity of the hearing assistance system. In one embodiment, the human speech can be pre-processed and then provided to the hearing assistance system. In one embodiment, the human speech can be received a particular venue where the venue can represent a current location at which a speech is being given, such as a lecture hall, stage show, etc. The venue can also represent a type of speech being received (song, lecture, play, etc.). At  304 , the speech is converted to corresponding text. In one embodiment, a speech consistency filter can be used to determine an amount of native consistency exhibited by the human speech. In those cases where the human speech is considered consistent (at least in terms of the end user), then consistency processing is unnecessary. Otherwise, the speech consistency filter can provide useful information that can be used to subsequently process the speech. At  306 , the text is converted to a current consistent speech. In one embodiment, optional user preferences can be used to convert the text to current consistent speech. In addition to user preferences, information from the speech consistency filter can also be used in conjunction with or in place of user preferences in converting the text to current consistent speech based at least upon the current user consistent speech preference. At  308 , the current consistent speech is providing to an output device for presentation to an end user. 
       FIG. 4  is a flowchart detailing calibration process  400  in accordance with the described embodiments. Calibration process  400  can be used to select user preferences that can be used to convert speech deemed to be inconsistent into consistent speech. It should be noted that calibration process  400  can be carried out as part of process  300 . For example, process  400  can be performed in real time prior to operation  302  when human speech is received at the audio input device. In this way, processing parameters used by the audio processing component can be customized to the current conditions experienced by the end user. 
     Process  400  can also be carried out at any time and any place using calibration speech data. The calibration speech data can include specific speech data associated with particular idiosyncratic speech artifacts (fast speakers, use of slang, etc.). In one embodiment, as part of the calibration speech data, recognized slang can be included that can then be converted to more well-known equivalents. This may be particularly useful in situations where the user is traveling to regions in which specific dialects, word usages, and local slang words are unfamiliar. In this way, when presented with an unfamiliar phrase or word, the user can as a result be provided with recognizable words and word patterns without wasting time and effort attempting to figure out the meaning of the unfamiliar words. In one embodiment, the user can provide a user evaluation of the current consistent speech in real time. In one embodiment, the user preferences can be based upon a type of speech provided (lecture, book reading, political speech, live presentation, recorded presentation, and so forth). 
     Accordingly, process  400  can begin at  402  consistent speech is presented. The consistent speech can be associated with a venue such as a lecture. At  404 , an end user evaluation of the consistent speech is received. At  406 , based upon the evaluation, a determination is made if the consistent speech is acceptable. If it is determined at  406  that the consistent speech is acceptable, then at  408  the current text to speech protocol is identified as preferred. Otherwise, at  410  an updated text to speech conversion protocol is obtained. The updated text to speech protocol can include definitions for unrecognized words. The updated text to speech protocol can include word parsing and timing (how words, sentences, paragraphs are broken up and the duration of time between the utterance of the words, and sentences and paragraphs). In one embodiment, emoticons (or the equivalent) can be provided as an indication of emotion that may otherwise be lost in the synthesizing process. For example, if the speech giver is proving an emotionally moving speech, then certain indications can be added to the consistent speech indicating such. 
     At  412 , using the updated text to speech protocol, the incoming text is converted to consistent speech. At  414 , consistent speech is provided to an output device for presentation to the end user. Control can then be passed to  402  where the evaluation can be repeated to assure end user satisfaction. 
       FIG. 5  is a block diagram of an electronic device  500  suitable for use with the described embodiments. The electronic device  500  illustrates circuitry of a representative computing device. The electronic device  500  includes a processor  502  that pertains to a microprocessor or controller for controlling the overall operation of the electronic device  500 . For example, processor  502  can be used to implement speech synthesizing functionality required to convert inconsistent human speech to consistent human speech. The electronic device  500  stores data pertaining to items in a file system  504  and a cache  506 . The file system  504  is, typically, a storage disk or a plurality of disks. The file system  504  typically provides high capacity storage capability for the electronic device  500 . However, since the access time to the file system  504  is relatively slow, the electronic device  500  can also include a cache  506 . The cache  506  is, for example, Random-Access Memory (RAM) provided by semiconductor memory. The relative access time to the cache  506  is substantially shorter than for the file system  504 . However, the cache  506  does not have the large storage capacity of the file system  504 . Further, the file system  504 , when active, consumes more power than does the cache  506 . The power consumption is often a concern when the electronic device  500  is a portable media device that is powered by a battery  507 . The electronic device  500  can also include a RAM  509  and a Read-Only Memory (ROM)  511 . The ROM  511  can store programs, utilities or processes to be executed in a non-volatile manner. The RAM  509  provides volatile data storage, such as for the cache  506 . In one embodiment, user preferences used to convert text to consistent speech can be stored in file system  504 . In one embodiment, file system  504  can represent non-transitory computer readable medium for storing a computer program executable by processor  502 . A data bus  515  can facilitate data transfer between at least the file system  504 , the cache  506 , the processor  502 , and the CODEC  517 . The speaker  519  can be a speaker internal to the electronic device  500  or external to the electronic device  500 . For example, headphones or earphones that connect to the electronic device  500  would be considered an external speaker. Microphone  520  can be used to detect audible sound. 
     The electronic device  500  also includes a network/bus interface  521  that couples to a data link  523 . The data link  523  allows the electronic device  500  to couple to a host computer or to accessory devices. The data link  523  can be provided over a wired connection or a wireless connection. In the case of a wireless connection, the network/bus interface  521  can include a wireless transceiver. The media items (media assets) can pertain to one or more different types of media content. In one embodiment, the media items are audio tracks (e.g., songs, audio books, and podcasts). In another embodiment, the media items are images (e.g., photos). However, in other embodiments, the media items can be any combination of audio, graphical or visual content. 
     The various aspects, embodiments, implementations or features of the described embodiments can be used separately or in any combination. Various aspects of the described embodiments can be implemented by software, hardware or a combination of hardware and software. The computer readable medium is any data storage device that can store data which can thereafter be read by a computer system. Examples of the computer readable medium include read-only memory, random-access memory, CD-ROMs, DVDs, magnetic tape, and optical data storage devices. The computer readable medium can also be distributed over network-coupled computer systems so that the computer readable code is stored and executed in a distributed fashion. 
     The many features and advantages of the present invention are apparent from the written description and, thus, it is intended by the appended claims to cover all such features and advantages of the invention. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, the invention should not be limited to the exact construction and operation as illustrated and described. Hence, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to as falling within the scope of the invention.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20110222
Publication Date: 20140715
Grant Date: 20140715
Priority Date: 20110222
Inventors: FOO EDWIN W.
HUGHES GREGORY F.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G10L13/02", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G10L21/02", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04R25/505", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G10L15/01", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G10L15/26", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04R25/554", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04R25/554", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G10L15/01", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G10L15/26", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G10L13/10", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G10L13/02", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G10L21/02", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04R25/505", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G10L13/10", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 46653495