PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-10153554-B2
Application Number: US-201615253374-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Electronic device antennas with harmonic resonances

Abstract:
An electronic device may have a housing and other structures that form an antenna ground for an antenna. An antenna resonating element arm for the antenna may extend along the periphery of the housing. The resonating element arm may have opposing first and second ends. A return path may couple the resonating element arm to the antenna ground at the first end. An antenna feed may be coupled between the resonating element arm and the antenna ground in parallel with the return path. Electrical components such as first and second capacitors may be coupled between the antenna resonating element arm and the antenna ground. A first of the capacitors may be coupled between the antenna resonating element arm and the antenna ground at a location between the first and second ends. A second of the capacitors may be coupled between the second end and the antenna ground.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An electronic device having front and rear faces, comprising:
 a housing having a metal housing wall and having a periphery; 
 a display coupled to the housing on the front face; and 
 an inverted-F antenna including an inverted-F antenna resonating element arm that extends along the periphery and that has first and second opposing ends, an antenna ground formed at least partly from the metal housing wall, a return path that extends between the inverted-F antenna resonating element arm and the antenna ground, an antenna feed coupled between the inverted-F antenna resonating element arm and the antenna ground in parallel with the return path, and an electrical component coupled to the antenna resonating element arm at a location between the first and second ends, wherein the inverted-F antenna is configured to exhibit a third harmonic resonance at a first frequency band and is configured to exhibit a fifth harmonic resonance at a second frequency band having a higher frequency than the first frequency band, and the electrical component is coupled to the inverted-F antenna resonating element arm at a location between the first and second ends at which electric fields are minimized when the inverted-F antenna operates at the first frequency band. 
 
     
     
       2. The electronic device defined in  claim 1  wherein the electrical component comprises a capacitor coupled between antenna resonating element and the antenna ground. 
     
     
       3. The electronic device defined in  claim 2  wherein the first frequency band comprises a satellite navigation system band. 
     
     
       4. The electronic device defined in  claim 3  wherein the second frequency band comprises a wireless local area network band. 
     
     
       5. The electronic device defined in  claim 4  wherein the wireless local area network band comprises a band at 2.4 GHz. 
     
     
       6. The electronic device defined in  claim 5  wherein the return path is coupled between the inverted-F antenna resonating element and the antenna ground at the first end. 
     
     
       7. The electronic device defined in  claim 1  wherein the metal housing wall has a rectangular outline and the inverted-F antenna resonating element arm extends along three of four sides of the rectangular outline. 
     
     
       8. A wristwatch having front and rear faces, comprising:
 a metal housing having metal sidewalls that define a periphery of the metal housing; and 
 an inverted-F antenna including an inverted-F antenna resonating element arm that extends along the periphery, that is surrounded by the metal sidewalls, and that has first and second opposing ends, an antenna ground formed at least partly from the metal housing wall, a return path that extends between the first end of the inverted-F antenna resonating element arm and the antenna ground, and an antenna feed coupled between the inverted-F antenna resonating element arm and the antenna ground in parallel with the return path, wherein the inverted-F antenna is configured to exhibit a third harmonic resonance at a first frequency band and is configured to exhibit a fifth harmonic resonance at a second frequency band having a higher frequency than the first frequency band. 
 
     
     
       9. The wristwatch defined in  claim 8  further comprising a display in the metal housing on the front face. 
     
     
       10. The wristwatch defined in  claim 9  wherein the first frequency band comprises a satellite navigation band. 
     
     
       11. The wristwatch defined in  claim 10 , wherein the display includes a transparent display cover layer having a groove that receives the inverted-F antenna resonating element. 
     
     
       12. The wristwatch defined in  claim 10  further comprising a capacitor coupled between the inverted-F antenna resonating element and the antenna ground. 
     
     
       13. The wristwatch defined in  claim 12  wherein the capacitor is coupled to the inverted-F antenna resonating element at a location at which electric fields are minimized at the first frequency band and are maximized at the second frequency band. 
     
     
       14. The wristwatch defined in  claim 13  further comprising an additional capacitor coupled between the second end and the antenna ground. 
     
     
       15. An electronic device, comprising:
 a metal housing having a periphery; 
 a display in the metal housing having a dielectric display cover layer with a groove that runs along the periphery; and 
 an inverted-F antenna having an inverted-F antenna resonating element arm in the groove that extends along the periphery and that has first and second opposing ends, an antenna ground formed at least partly from the metal housing, a return path that extends between the first end of the inverted-F antenna resonating element arm and the antenna ground, an antenna feed coupled between the inverted-F antenna resonating element arm and the antenna ground in parallel with the return path, and a capacitor coupled between the inverted-F antenna resonating element arm and the antenna ground, wherein the metal housing includes sidewall structures that surround the inverted-F antenna resonating element arm. 
 
     
     
       16. The electronic device defined in claim  15  wherein the inverted-F antenna is configured to exhibit a third harmonic resonance at a satellite navigation system band and is configured to exhibit a fifth harmonic resonance at a wireless local area network band having a higher frequency than the satellite navigation system band. 
     
     
       17. The electronic device defined in  claim 16  wherein the capacitor is coupled to the inverted-F antenna resonating element at a location between the first and second ends at which electric fields are minimized when the inverted-antenna resonating element operates at the satellite navigation system band. 
     
     
       18. The electronic device defined in  claim 16  wherein the capacitor is coupled to the inverted-F antenna resonating element at a location between the first and second ends at which electric fields are maximized when the inverted-antenna resonating element operates at the satellite navigation system band. 
     
     
       19. The electronic device defined in  claim 16  wherein the metal housing has four sides and wherein the inverted-F antenna resonating element extends along three of the four sides of the metal housing.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     This relates to electronic devices, and more particularly, to antennas for electronic devices with wireless communications circuitry. 
     Electronic devices are often provided with wireless communications capabilities. To satisfy consumer demand for small form factor wireless devices, manufacturers are continually striving to implement wireless communications circuitry such as antenna components using compact structures. At the same time, there is a desire for wireless devices to cover a growing number of communications bands. 
     Because antennas have the potential to interfere with each other and with components in a wireless device, care must be taken when incorporating antennas into an electronic device. Moreover, care must be taken to ensure that the antennas and wireless circuitry in a device are able to exhibit satisfactory performance over a range of operating frequencies. 
     It would therefore be desirable to be able to provide improved wireless communications circuitry for wireless electronic devices. 
     SUMMARY 
     An electronic device such as a wristwatch may have a housing with metal portions such as metal sidewalls. The housing and other conductive structures in the device such as metal traces in printed circuits may form an antenna ground for an antenna. An antenna resonating element for the antenna may be formed from a resonating element arm that extends along the periphery of the housing. 
     The resonating element arm may have opposing first and second ends. A return path may couple the resonating element arm to the antenna ground at the first end. An antenna feed may be coupled between the resonating element arm and the antenna ground in parallel with the return path. 
     Electrical components such as first and second capacitors may be coupled between the antenna resonating element arm and the antenna ground. A first of the capacitors may be coupled between the antenna resonating element arm and the antenna ground at a location between the first and second ends. A second of the capacitors may be coupled between the second end and the antenna ground 
     The inverted-F antenna may be configured to exhibit a third harmonic resonance at a satellite navigation system band and a fifth harmonic resonance at a wireless local area network band having a higher frequency than the satellite navigation system band. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a front perspective view of an illustrative electronic device in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram of an illustrative electronic device in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic diagram of an illustrative antenna and associated radio-frequency transceiver in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative electronic device in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 5  is a schematic diagram of an illustrative inverted-F antenna in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 6  is a top view of an illustrative electronic device with an antenna in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIGS. 7, 8, and 9  are diagrams showing how an inverted-F antenna resonating element may exhibit a fundamental resonance, a third harmonic resonance, and a fifth harmonic resonance in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIGS. 10 and 11  are top views of illustrative electronic devices with antennas in accordance with embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     An electronic device such as electronic device  10  of  FIG. 1  may be provided with wireless circuitry. The wireless circuitry may include antennas. Antennas such as cellular telephone antennas, wireless local area network antennas, and satellite navigation system antennas may be formed from resonating elements in the electronic device. 
     Electronic device  10  may be a computing device such as a laptop computer, a computer monitor containing an embedded computer, a tablet computer, a cellular telephone, a media player, or other handheld or portable electronic device, a smaller device such as a wristwatch device, a pendant device, a headphone or earpiece device, a device embedded in eyeglasses or other equipment worn on a user&#39;s head, or other wearable or miniature device, a television, a computer display that does not contain an embedded computer, a gaming device, a navigation device, an embedded system such as a system in which electronic equipment with a display is mounted in a kiosk or automobile, equipment that implements the functionality of two or more of these devices, or other electronic equipment. In the illustrative configuration of  FIG. 1 , device  10  is a portable device such as a wristwatch. Other configurations may be used for device  10  if desired. The example of  FIG. 1  is merely illustrative. 
     Device  10  may have opposing front and rear faces. In the example of  FIG. 1 , device  10  includes a display such as display  14 . Display  14  has been mounted on the front face of device  10  in housing  12 . Housing  12 , which may sometimes be referred to as an enclosure or case, may be formed of plastic, glass, ceramics, fiber composites, metal (e.g., stainless steel, aluminum, etc.), other suitable materials, or a combination of any two or more of these materials. Housing  12  may be formed using a unibody configuration in which some or all of housing  12  is machined or molded as a single structure or may be formed using multiple structures (e.g., an internal frame structure, one or more structures that form exterior housing surfaces, etc.). Housing  12  may have metal sidewalls or sidewalls formed from other materials. For example, housing  12  may have a metal rear wall that extends over the rear face of device  10 . 
     Display  14  may be a touch screen display that incorporates a layer of conductive capacitive touch sensor electrodes or other touch sensor components (e.g., resistive touch sensor components, acoustic touch sensor components, force-based touch sensor components, light-based touch sensor components, etc.) or may be a display that is not touch-sensitive. Capacitive touch screen electrodes may be formed from an array of indium tin oxide pads or other transparent conductive structures. 
     Display  14  may include an array of display pixels formed from liquid crystal display (LCD) components, an array of electrophoretic display pixels, an array of plasma display pixels, an array of organic light-emitting diode display pixels, an array of electrowetting display pixels, or display pixels based on other display technologies. 
     Display  14  may be protected using a display cover layer. The display cover layer may be formed from a transparent material such as glass, plastic, sapphire or other crystalline dielectric materials, ceramic, or other clear dielectric materials. 
     Device  10  may, if desired, be coupled to a strap such as strap  16 . Strap  16  may be used to hold device  10  against a user&#39;s wrist (as an example). Configurations that do not include straps may also be used for device  10 . 
     A schematic diagram showing illustrative components that may be used in device  10  is shown in  FIG. 2 . As shown in  FIG. 2 , device  10  may include control circuitry such as storage and processing circuitry  28 . Storage and processing circuitry  28  may include storage such as hard disk drive storage, nonvolatile memory (e.g., flash memory or other electrically-programmable-read-only memory configured to form a solid state drive), volatile memory (e.g., static or dynamic random-access-memory), etc. Processing circuitry in storage and processing circuitry  28  may be used to control the operation of device  10 . This processing circuitry may be based on one or more microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, application specific integrated circuits, etc. 
     Storage and processing circuitry  28  may be used to run software on device  10 , such as internet browsing applications, voice-over-internet-protocol (VOIP) telephone call applications, email applications, media playback applications, operating system functions, etc. To support interactions with external equipment, storage and processing circuitry  28  may be used in implementing communications protocols. Communications protocols that may be implemented using storage and processing circuitry  28  include internet protocols, wireless local area network protocols (e.g., IEEE 802.11 protocols—sometimes referred to as WiFi® and protocols for other short-range wireless communications links such as the Bluetooth® protocol), cellular telephone protocols, MIMO protocols, antenna diversity protocols, etc. 
     Input-output circuitry  44  may include input-output devices  32 . Input-output devices  32  may be used to allow data to be supplied to device  10  and to allow data to be provided from device  10  to external devices. Input-output devices  32  may include user interface devices, data port devices, and other input-output components. For example, input-output devices  32  may include touch screens, displays without touch sensor capabilities, buttons, scrolling wheels, touch pads, key pads, keyboards, microphones, cameras, buttons, speakers, status indicators, light sources, audio jacks and other audio port components, digital data port devices, light sensors, light-emitting diodes, motion sensors (accelerometers), capacitance sensors, proximity sensors, magnetic sensors, force sensors (e.g., force sensors coupled to a display to detect pressure applied to the display), etc. 
     Input-output circuitry  44  may include wireless circuitry  34 . Wireless circuitry  34  may include coil  50  and wireless power receiver  48  for receiving wirelessly transmitted power from a wireless power adapter. To support wireless communications, wireless circuitry  34  may include radio-frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry formed from one or more integrated circuits, power amplifier circuitry, low-noise input amplifiers, passive RF components, one or more antennas such as antennas  40 , transmission lines, and other circuitry for handling RF wireless signals. Wireless signals can also be sent using light (e.g., using infrared communications). 
     Wireless circuitry  34  may include radio-frequency transceiver circuitry  90  for handling various radio-frequency communications bands. For example, circuitry  34  may include transceiver circuitry  36 ,  38 ,  42 , and  46 . Transceiver circuitry  36  may be wireless local area network transceiver circuitry that may handle 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands for WiFi® (IEEE 802.11) communications and that may handle the 2.4 GHz Bluetooth® communications band. Circuitry  34  may use cellular telephone transceiver circuitry  38  for handling wireless communications in frequency ranges such as a low communications band from 700 to 960 MHz, a midband from 1400 MHz or 1500 MHz to 2170 MHz (e.g., a midband with a peak at 1700 MHz), and a high band from 2170 or 2300 to 2700 MHz (e.g., a high band with a peak at 2400 MHz) or other communications bands between 700 MHz and 2700 MHz or other suitable frequencies (as examples). Circuitry  38  may handle voice data and non-voice data. Wireless communications circuitry  34  can include circuitry for other short-range and long-range wireless links if desired. For example, wireless communications circuitry  34  may include 60 GHz transceiver circuitry, circuitry for receiving television and radio signals, paging system transceivers, near field communications (NFC) transceiver circuitry  46  (e.g., an NFC transceiver operating at 13.56 MHz or other suitable frequency), etc. Wireless circuitry  34  may include satellite navigation system circuitry such as global positioning system (GPS) receiver circuitry  42  for receiving GPS signals at 1575 MHz or for handling other satellite positioning data. In WiFi® and Bluetooth® links and other short-range wireless links, wireless signals are typically used to convey data over tens or hundreds of feet. In cellular telephone links and other long-range links, wireless signals are typically used to convey data over thousands of feet or miles. 
     Wireless circuitry  34  may include antennas  40 . Antennas  40  may be formed using any suitable antenna types. For example, antennas  40  may include antennas with resonating elements that are formed from loop antenna structures, patch antenna structures, inverted-F antenna structures, slot antenna structures, planar inverted-F antenna structures, helical antenna structures, monopole antennas, dipoles, hybrids of these designs, etc. Different types of antennas may be used for different bands and combinations of bands. For example, one type of antenna may be used in forming a local wireless link antenna and another type of antenna may be used in forming a remote wireless link antenna. In some configurations, different antennas may be used in handling different bands for cellular telephone transceiver circuitry  38 . 
     A schematic diagram showing how antenna  40  may be coupled to transceiver circuitry  90  is shown in  FIG. 3 . As shown in  FIG. 3 , radio-frequency transceiver circuitry  90  may be coupled to antenna feed  102  of antenna  40  using transmission line  92 . Antenna feed  102  may include a positive antenna feed terminal such as positive antenna feed terminal  98  and may have a ground antenna feed terminal such as ground antenna feed terminal  100 . Transmission line  92  may be formed form metal traces on a printed circuit or other conductive structures and may have a positive transmission line signal path such as path  94  that is coupled to terminal  98  and a ground transmission line signal path such as path  96  that is coupled to terminal  100 . Transmission line paths such as path  92  may be used to route antenna signals within device  10 . For example, transmission line paths may be used to couple antenna structures such as one or more antennas in an array of antennas to transceiver circuitry  90 . Transmission lines in device  10  may include coaxial cable paths, microstrip transmission lines, stripline transmission lines, edge-coupled microstrip transmission lines, edge-coupled stripline transmission lines, transmission lines formed from combinations of transmission lines of these types, etc. Filter circuitry, switching circuitry, impedance matching circuitry, and other circuitry may be interposed within transmission line  92  and/or circuits such as these may be incorporated into antenna  40  (e.g., to support antenna tuning, to support operation in desired frequency bands, etc.). 
     Antenna  40  may be, for example, an inverted-F antenna or other antenna that is formed from a resonating element that runs along the periphery of device  10 . Consider, as an example, the illustrative cross-sectional side view of device  10  that is shown in  FIG. 4 . As shown in  FIG. 4 , antenna  40  may be formed from metal traces  126  on plastic carrier  124 . Plastic carrier  124  may have the shape of a full or partial rectangular ring and may protrude into a rectangular (or partly rectangular) groove such as groove  128  running along the periphery of device  10  in the underside of display cover layer  120 . 
     Display cover layer  120  may be formed from a transparent member that protects display layer  122  and other underlying components from damage. Display cover layer  120  may, for example, be formed from a layer of clear glass, a layer of transparent plastic, a crystalline member such as a sapphire cover layer, or other transparent protective material. Display  14  may include display cover layer  120  and may include a display layer (sometimes referred to as a display or display module) such as display layer  122 . Display layer  122  may be a liquid crystal display, an organic light-emitting diode display, an electrophoretic display, or other suitable display and may have one or more layers that form an array of pixels for displaying images to a user. Display layer  122  and/or other layers may be used to form a touch sensor, a near-field communications loop antenna, and/or other components for mounting under display cover layer  120 . 
     Device  10  may also include printed circuits such as printed circuit  130 . Printed circuits such as printed circuit  130  may include patterned metal traces for conveying signals between components mounted on the printed circuit and may include ground traces such as illustrative ground trace  132 . Traces such as trace  132  and conductive structures in device  10  (e.g., metal housing walls  12 ), may serve as an antenna ground for antenna  40 . Metal traces  126  may serve as an inverted-F antenna resonating element (e.g., an inverted-F arm). 
     In addition to including components such as display  122  and printed circuit  130 , device  10  may include other components  134  mounted in the interior of housing  12 . For example, device  10  may include a battery, additional printed circuits, additional integrated circuits, sensors, and/or other circuitry (see, e.g., control circuitry  28  and input-output circuitry  44 ). 
       FIG. 5  is a schematic diagram of an illustrative antenna of the type that may wrap around some or all of the periphery of device  10 . As shown in  FIG. 4 , antenna  40  may be an inverted-F antenna having inverted-F antenna resonating element  150 . Inverted-F antenna resonating element  150  may have antenna resonating element arm  126  (see, e.g., the metal traces  126  on plastic carrier  124  of  FIG. 4 ). Return path  154  (sometimes referred to as a short circuit path) may be coupled between arm  126  and ground  152 . Ground  152  may be formed from metal portions of housing  12  (e.g., metal housing sidewalls, a metal rear housing wall, etc.) and/or may be formed from ground traces such as ground traces  132  in printed circuit  130 . 
     Antenna feed  102  may have positive antenna feed terminal  98  coupled to arm  126  and ground antenna feed terminal  100  coupled to antenna ground  152 . Feed  102  may be coupled between arm  126  and ground  152  in parallel with return path  154 . As shown in the illustrative configuration of  FIG. 5 , return path  154  may be located on one end of antenna resonating element  150  (e.g., the left-hand side of element  150  in the example of  FIG. 5 ). Adjustable and/or fixed antenna tuning components such as capacitors  156  and  158  may be coupled between antenna resonating element arm  126  and ground  152 . For example, capacitor  158  may be coupled between the opposing end of antenna resonating elements  150  and antenna ground  152 . Components  156  and  158  are capacitors in the example of  FIG. 5 , but other types of devices may be incorporated into components  156  and/or  158  if desired (e.g., adjustable inductors, adjustable tuning circuits including both capacitors and inductors, fixed inductors, fixed capacitors, etc.). The value of capacitor  156  may be, for example, 0.1 to 0.5 pF or other suitable values. The value of capacitor  158  may be, for example, 1.0 to 2.0 pF or other suitable values. 
     Inverted-F antenna resonating element arm  126  may run along the periphery of device  10 . For example, inverted-F antenna may run clockwise along three edges of housing  12 , as shown in  FIG. 6  (e.g., in an illustrative configuration in which housing  12  has a square footprint or other rectangular footprint with four sides). This arrangement for antenna  40  helps antenna  40  exhibit right-hand circular polarization and therefore enhances the ability of antenna  40  to receive circularly polarized signals such as right-hand circularly polarized satellite navigation system signals. Configurations in which arm  126  runs along two sides or four sides of device  10  may also be used. Length  162  of arm  126  may affect the frequency resonances associated with antenna  40 . If desired, one or more switches such as optional switch  160  may be included in arm  126  to adjust length  162  of arm  126 . 
       FIGS. 7, 8, and 9  show illustrative frequency resonances that may be associated with antenna  40  of  FIG. 6 . In each of these FIGS., the distribution of current I in arm  126  has been plotted as a function of position along the length of arm  126 . As shown  FIGS. 7, 8, and 9 , arm  126  may exhibit a fundamental (first order) resonance at frequency 500 MHz ( FIG. 7 ), may exhibit a third order resonance at frequency 1580 MHz ( FIG. 8 ), and may exhibit a fifth order resonance at 2.7 GHz ( FIG. 9 ). Current is a maximum (so that voltage and electric field are a minimum) at point  166  of  FIG. 8 . Accordingly, capacitor  156  may be located at point  166  so as not to disturb the frequency of the third order resonance. The third order resonance of arm  126  coincides with the Global Positioning System (GPS) frequency of 1575 MHz, so the third order response of arm  126  allows antenna  40  to be used to receive satellite navigation system signals. The fifth order resonance of arm  126  is associated with a current minimum (and therefore a voltage and electric field maximum) at point  166  where capacitor  156  is coupled between arm  126  and ground. Accordingly, the presence of capacitor  156  affects the performance of antenna  40  at the fifth order resonance frequency (about 2.7 GHz in this example). In particular, capacitor  156  reduces the resonant frequency of antenna  40  to about 2.4 GHz (e.g., a frequency associated with wireless local area network signals such as IEEE 802.11 signals and Bluetooth® signal at 2.4 GHz). The ability of capacitor  156  to tune antenna  40  lower at 2.4 GHz while leaving the satellite navigation system frequency band relatively unchanged helps allow the 2.4 GHz and satellite navigation system frequency bands to be independently tuned. Capacitor  158  affects the performance of both of these bands and therefore may help lower the resonant frequency for both satellite navigation system and wireless local area network bands. 
     Additional illustrative antenna resonating element arm arrangements for antenna  40  are shown in  FIGS. 10 and 11 . As with the illustrative configuration of  FIG. 6 , antennas  40  of  FIGS. 10 and 11  may handle both satellite navigation system (e.g., Global Positioning System) and WiFi®/Bluetooth® (e.g., 2.4 GHz wireless local area network) communications bands. In the  FIG. 10  configuration, path length  200  may be associated with a second harmonic for antenna  40  that coincides with satellite navigation system frequencies (e.g., 1575 MHz), whereas path length  202  corresponds to a first harmonic for 2.4 GHz (e.g., WiFi®) communications. In the  FIG. 11  configuration, path length  204  coincides with a third harmonic at 1575 MHz for satellite navigation system operations and path length  206  of the folded end of arm  126  corresponds to a first harmonic at 2.4 GHz (e.g., for WiFi® communications). 
     The foregoing is merely illustrative and various modifications can be made to the described embodiments. The foregoing embodiments may be implemented individually or in any combination.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20160831
Publication Date: 20181211
Grant Date: 20181211
Priority Date: 20160831
Inventors: Martinis, Mario
DI NALLO, CARLO
NATH, JAYESH
JIANG, YI
WU, JIANGFENG
ZHANG, LIJUN
YONG, Siwen
PASCOLINI, MATTIA
WANG, ZHEYU
DA COSTA BRAS LIMA, EDUARDO JORGE
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H01Q1/48", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/2291", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q9/0421", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/50", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q5/328", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q5/328", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/273", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q9/42", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/243", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q9/42", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/273", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/243", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q9/0421", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q9/0421", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/50", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/48", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/2291", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 61243644