PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-9470941-B2
Application Number: US-201113213156-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: In-cell or on-cell touch sensor with color filter on array

Abstract:
Methods and devices employing in-cell and/or on-cell touch sensor components, including in-cell and/or on-cell black matrix material that also may serve as a touch drive or sense electrode, are provided. In one example, an electronic display may include a lower substrate, an upper substrate, and a black matrix material that shields light between pixels of the electronic display. At least a portion of the black matrix material may form all or part of a component of a touch sensor of the electronic display.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An electronic display comprising:
 a touch drive electrode comprising a first common electrode configured to be supplied a first common voltage; and 
 touch sense electrodes configured to detect a user touch based at least in part on a capacitance formed between the touch drive electrode and the touch sense electrodes, wherein the touch sense electrodes comprise:
 a first substantially light-transmissive touch sense electrode and a second substantially light-transmissive touch sense electrode, wherein the first substantially light-transmissive touch sense electrode and the second substantially light transmissive touch sense electrode comprise a second common electrode configured to be supplied a second common voltage different from the first common voltage; and 
 a conductive portion of a black matrix material, wherein the black matrix material is configured to shield light between pixels of the electronic display and the conductive portion of the black matrix material is configured to supplement the first substantially light-transmissive touch sense electrode and the second substantially light-transmissive touch sense electrode. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The electronic display of  claim 1 , wherein the black matrix material is formed in a touch sensor layer on an inward-facing side of an upper substrate and is configured to be disposed over two differently colored organic resin filters in a thin film transistor layer disposed on a lower substrate. 
     
     
       3. The electronic display of  claim 1 , wherein the conductive portion of the black matrix material is configured to provide a signal indicating whether an object is located nearby through self capacitance or mutual capacitance with the touch drive electrode. 
     
     
       4. The electronic display of  claim 1 , wherein the black matrix material is disposed directly on a dielectric layer on an inward facing side of an upper substrate. 
     
     
       5. The electronic display of  claim 1 , wherein the black matrix material is disposed directly on an inward facing side of an upper substrate. 
     
     
       6. A method of manufacturing an electronic display panel comprising:
 forming a touch sensor layer over an inward facing side of a top glass substrate, wherein forming the touch sensor layer comprises:
 forming a touch sense electrode over the inward facing side of the top glass substrate, wherein the touch sense electrode comprises a first common electrode; 
 forming a dielectric layer over the inward facing side of the top glass substrate; 
 forming a first substantially light-transmissive touch drive electrode and a second substantially light-transmissive touch drive electrode over the inward facing side of the top glass substrate, wherein the first substantially light-transmissive touch drive electrode and the second substantially light-transmissive touch drive electrode comprise a second common electrode; 
 electrically connecting a common voltage source to the first common electrode and the second common electrode to enable the common voltage source to supply a first common voltage to the first common electrode and a second common voltage different from the first common voltage to the second common electrode; and 
 forming a conductive portion of a black matrix material over the inward facing side of the top glass substrate, wherein the black matrix material is configured to separate a plurality of display pixels in the electronic display panel and the conductive portion of the black matrix material is configured to supplement the first substantially light-transmissive touch drive electrode and the second substantially light-transmissive touch drive electrode. 
 
 
     
     
       7. The method of  claim 6 , wherein the first substantially light-transmissive touch drive electrode and the second substantially light transmissive touch drive electrode are adjacent. 
     
     
       8. The method of  claim 6 , wherein forming the touch sensor layer comprises:
 forming the touch sense electrode directly on the inward facing side of the top glass substrate; 
 forming the dielectric layer directly on the touch sense electrode; 
 forming the first substantially light-transmissive touch drive electrode and the second substantially light-transmissive touch drive electrode directly on the dielectric layer; and 
 forming the conductive portion of the black matrix material directly on the dielectric layer, the first substantially light-transmissive touch drive electrode, and the second substantially light-transmissive touch drive electrode. 
 
     
     
       9. An electronic device comprising:
 data processing circuitry configured to perform an operation based at least in part on detection of a user touch; and 
 an electronic touch-screen display configured to:
 detect the user touch based at least in part on a first capacitive interaction between a substantially light-transmissive touch drive electrode, a first touch sense electrode, and a user body part, wherein the substantially light-transmissive touch drive electrode comprises a first common electrode; 
 detect the user touch based at least in part on a second capacitive interaction between a second touch sense electrode, a black matrix touch drive electrode, and the user body part, wherein the second touch sense electrode comprises a second common electrode, and the black matrix touch drive electrode is configured to supplement the substantially light-transmissive touch drive electrode; and 
 display an image by supplying a first common voltage to the first common electrode and a second common voltage to the second common electrode. 
 
 
     
     
       10. The electronic device of  claim 9 , wherein the black matrix touch drive electrode is configured to facilitate reducing overall resistance of the electronic touch-screen display. 
     
     
       11. The electronic device of  claim 9 , wherein the black matrix touch drive electrode comprises a substantially opaque conductive material having a lower electrical resistance than the substantially light-transmissive touch drive electrode. 
     
     
       12. A method for manufacturing an electronic display panel comprising:
 forming a touch sensor layer over an inward-facing side of an upper substrate, wherein forming the touch sensor layer comprises:
 forming a first touch drive electrode and a second touch drive electrode over the inward-facing side of the upper substrate, wherein the first touch drive electrode and the second touch drive electrode comprise a first common electrode; 
 forming a dielectric layer over the inward-facing side of the upper substrate; 
 forming a substantially light-transmissive touch sense electrode over the inward-facing side of the upper substrate, wherein the substantially light transmissive touch sense electrode comprises a second common electrode; 
 electrically connecting a common voltage source to the first common electrode and the second common electrode to enable the common voltage source to supply a first common voltage to the first common electrode and a second voltage to the second common electrode; and 
 forming a conductive portion of a black matrix material over the inward-facing side of the upper substrate, wherein the black matrix material is configured to separate a plurality of display pixels in the electronic display panel and the conductive portion of the black matrix material is configured to supplement the substantially light-transmissive touch sense electrode. 
 
 
     
     
       13. The method of  claim 12 , wherein forming the touch sensor layer comprises:
 forming the first touch drive electrode and the second touch drive electrode directly on the inward-facing side of the top glass substrate; 
 forming the dielectric layer directly on the first touch drive electrode and the second touch drive electrode; 
 forming the substantially light-transmissive touch sense electrode directly on the dielectric layer; and 
 forming the conductive portion of the black matrix material directly on the dielectric layer and the substantially light-transmissive touch sense electrode. 
 
     
     
       14. The method of  claim 12 , wherein the touch sensor layer is formed at least in part in the recited order. 
     
     
       15. The electronic display of  claim 1 , wherein the touch drive electrode comprise a gate line, a source line, a drain line, or a pixel electrodes. 
     
     
       16. The electronic display of  claim 1 , wherein the touch sense electrodes comprise one or more gate lines, one or more source lines, one or more drain lines, one or more pixel electrodes, or any combination thereof. 
     
     
       17. The electronic display of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the touch drive electrode is configured to receive drive signals; and 
 the touch sense electrodes are configured to generate sense signals based at least in part on capacitive interaction between a user body part and the drive signals to indicate occurrence of a user touch. 
 
     
     
       18. The electronic display of  claim 1 , wherein the first common electrode and the second common electrode are electrically isolated. 
     
     
       19. The electronic display of  claim 1 , comprising a common voltage source configured to supply the first common voltage to the first common electrode and the second common voltage to the second common electrode. 
     
     
       20. The method of  claim 6 , wherein the first common electrode and the second common electrode are electrically isolated. 
     
     
       21. The electronic device of  claim 9 , wherein the first touch sense electrode comprises a gate line, a source line, a drain line, a pixel electrode, or any combination thereof. 
     
     
       22. The electronic device of  claim 9 , wherein the electronic touch-screen display comprises a common voltage source configured to supply the first common voltage to the first common electrode and the second common voltage to the second common electrode. 
     
     
       23. The electronic device of  claim 9 , wherein the first common voltage and the second common voltage are different. 
     
     
       24. The electronic device of  claim 9 , wherein the black matrix touch drive electrode comprises a conductive portion of a black matrix configured to shield light between pixels of the electronic display. 
     
     
       25. The electronic device of  claim 9 , wherein the first common electrode and the second common electrode are electrically isolated. 
     
     
       26. The electronic device of  claim 9 , wherein:
 the substantially light transmissive touch drive electrode and the black matrix touch drive electrode are configured to receive drive signals; 
 the first touch sense electrode is configured to generate first sense signals to indicate occurrence of the user touch at the first touch sense electrode; and 
 the second touch sense electrodes is configured to generate second sense signals to indicate occurrence of the user touch at the second touch sense electrode. 
 
     
     
       27. The method of  claim 12 , wherein the first common electrode and the second common electrode are electrically isolated. 
     
     
       28. The method of  claim 12 , wherein the first common voltage and the second common voltage are different.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     The present disclosure relates generally to electronic displays and, more particularly, to electronic displays having touch screen sensor components and black matrix within or on display pixel cells. 
     This section is intended to introduce the reader to various aspects of art that may be related to various aspects of the present techniques, which are described and/or claimed below. This discussion is believed to be helpful in providing the reader with background information to facilitate a better understanding of the various aspects of the present disclosure. Accordingly, it should be understood that these statements are to be read in this light, and not as admissions of prior art. 
     Electronic devices may employ a variety of user input devices, including buttons, mice, touch sensor panels, touch screens, and so forth. Touch screens, in particular, may be popular because of their ease and versatility of operation. Conventionally, touch screens may be flat panel displays such as liquid crystal displays (LCDs) or organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays overlaid with a touch panel. Such a touch screen may generally recognize the occurrence and position of touches on the screen, enabling the electronic device to respond appropriately. 
     Many touch screens may be formed from a capacitive touch sensor panel that is overlaid across an LCD. Such a capacitive touch sensor panel may be formed from some matrix of touch drive and touch sense lines made up of substantially transparent conductive material, such as indium tin oxide (ITO). These touch drive and touch sense lines are often arranged in rows and columns on a substantially transparent substrate. When an object, such as a user&#39;s finger, is near an intersection of a touch drive line and a touch sense line, a capacitance between the touch drive line and touch sense line may change. This change in capacitance may indicate that a touch is occurring at this location. While overlaying a substantially transparent capacitive touch sensor panel over an LCD may allow light from the LCD to pass through, the capacitive touch sensor panel may cause a non-zero reduction in the brightness of the LCD. Moreover, overlaying an LCD with a capacitive touch sensor panel may add thickness and weight. When touch screen components are integrated into display pixel cells of an LCD to avoid overlaying a discrete capacitive touch sensor panel onto the LCD, the integrated touch screen components may have a relatively high resistance and/or may capacitively couple to other display components. Moreover, though color filters are believed to have been incorporated into twisted-nematic-mode (TN-mode) electronic displays, it may be difficult to adapt the manufacture of such TN-mode electronic displays to manufacture fringe-field-switching-mode (FFS-mode) electronic displays. 
     SUMMARY 
     A summary of certain embodiments disclosed herein is set forth below. It should be understood that these aspects are presented merely to provide the reader with a brief summary of these certain embodiments and that these aspects are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Indeed, this disclosure may encompass a variety of aspects that may not be set forth below. 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and electronic devices incorporating LCDs that employ in-cell and/or on-cell touch sensor components, such as black matrix material within and/or above display pixel cells. Specifically, rather than employ a separate, overlaid touch sensor panel over an LCD panel, embodiments of the present disclosure may incorporate integrated touch sensor components in-cell within display pixel cells of the LCD or on-cell above the display pixel cells. Among other things, these touch sensor components may include a conductive portion of in-cell black matrix, which also may shield light from one pixel from bleeding into another pixel. 
     By way of example, an electronic display may include a lower substrate, an upper substrate, and a black matrix material that shields light between pixels of the electronic display. At least a portion of the black matrix material may form all or part of a component of a touch sensor of the electronic display. 
     Various refinements of the features noted above may exist in relation to various aspects of the present disclosure. Further features may also be incorporated in these various aspects as well. These refinements and additional features may exist individually or in any combination. For instance, various features discussed below in relation to one or more of the illustrated embodiments may be incorporated into any of the above-described aspects of the present disclosure alone or in any combination. The brief summary presented above is intended only to familiarize the reader with certain aspects and contexts of embodiments of the present disclosure without limitation to the claimed subject matter. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Various aspects of this disclosure may be better understood upon reading the following detailed description and upon reference to the drawings in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic block diagram of an electronic device with a liquid crystal display (LCD) having in-cell touch sensor components and/or in-cell black matrix, in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective view of a notebook computer representing an embodiment of the electronic device of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3  is a front view of a hand-held device representing another embodiment of the electronic device of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIGS. 4-6  are exploded views of various layers of an LCD having in-cell touch sensor components and/or black matrix serving as a touch sensor component, in accordance with embodiments; 
         FIG. 7  is a circuit diagram of switching a display circuitry of pixels of an LCD, in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 8  is a schematic block diagram illustrating an in-cell touch sensor subsystem of an LCD, in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIGS. 9-12  are schematic illustrations of side views of various layers of an FFS-mode LCD, in which a component of a black matrix is disposed on a top glass assembly and serves as a touch sensor component, in accordance with an embodiment; and 
         FIGS. 13-14  are flowcharts describing embodiments of methods for manufacturing the LCD of  FIGS. 9 and 10  and  FIGS. 11 and 12 , respectively. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     One or more specific embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below. These described embodiments are only examples of the presently disclosed techniques. Additionally, in an effort to provide a concise description of these embodiments, all features of an actual implementation may not be described in the specification. It should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developers&#39; specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which may vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it should be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking of design, fabrication, and manufacture for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure. 
     When introducing elements of various embodiments of the present disclosure, the articles “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to mean that there are one or more of the elements. The terms “comprising,” “including,” and “having” are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements other than the listed elements. Additionally, it should be understood that references to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” of the present disclosure are not intended to be interpreted as excluding the existence of additional embodiments that also incorporate the recited features. 
     As mentioned above, embodiments of the present disclosure relate to liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and electronic devices incorporating LCDs that employ touch sensor components and black matrix material within display pixel cells (“in-cell”) or over display pixel cells (“on-cell”). Specifically, rather than employ a separate, overlaid touch sensor panel over an LCD panel, embodiments of the present disclosure may incorporate integrated touch sensor components in-cell or on-cell relative to display pixel display cells of the LCD. Among other things, these touch sensor components may include a conductive portion of in-cell or on-cell black matrix, which also may shield light from one pixel from bleeding into another pixel. Specifically, a display pixel cell may be understood as formed between a lower substrate, also called a thin film transistor (TFT) glass substrate, and an upper substrate, also called a top glass substrate. A liquid crystal layer may be disposed between the various layers on the inward-facing sides of these upper and lower substrates. Thus, when the black matrix material is generally formed over an inward-facing side of the top glass substrate, the black matrix material may be “in-cell.” When the black matrix material is generally formed over an outward-facing side of the top glass substrate, the black matrix material may be referred to as “on-cell.” 
     The touch sensor components generally may include touch drive lines or regions and touch sense lines or regions. Where the touch drive lines or regions and touch sense lines or regions intersect, a capacitive touch pixel may be formed. When an object, such as a user finger, approaches the touch pixel, a capacitance of the between the intersection of the touch drive line or region and touch sense line or region may change. This change in capacitance may indicate that a user touch has occurred at the location of the touch pixel. 
     Various in-cell layers and/or other structures may form these in-cell touch sensor components. These in-cell touch sensor components may include integrated display panel components serving a secondary role as touch sensor components, as generally disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0194707, “INTEGRATED TOUCH SCREEN,” which is assigned to Apple Inc. and which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. As such, it should be understood that the touch drive and/or touch sense electrodes may be formed from one or more gate lines of the display, one or more pixel electrodes of the display, one or more common electrodes of the display, one or more source lines of the display, or one or more drains of the display, or some combination of these or other display pixel elements. Additionally or alternatively, at least some conductive portion of an in-cell black matrix material may serve as a touch sensor component or may augment other touch sensor components. Thus, in some embodiments, certain conductive portions of the in-cell black matrix material may serve as touch drive or touch sense electrodes. In other embodiments, certain conductive portions of the in-cell black matrix material may supplement touch drive or touch sense electrodes composed of substantially transparent conductive material (e.g., indium tin oxide (ITO)). Since the conductive portions of the in-cell black matrix material may have a lower resistance than the substantially transparent touch drive or touch sense electrodes, the inclusion of the conductive portions of the in-cell black matrix material may reduce the overall resistance. 
     In some embodiments, an organic-resin-based color filter may be formed in the thin film transistor (TFT) layer on the TFT glass substrate. That is, rather than using separate color filters formed in a different substrate layer, an organic resin doped to filter different colors may serve as a color filter layer for red, green, and/or blue subpixels as well as a TFT dielectric layer. A fringe-field-switching-mode (FFS-mode) LCD, as disclosed herein, may be particularly well suited to such an organic-resin-based color filter. Specifically, the organic-resin-based color filter may have a relatively low dielectric constant (e.g., around 4), and may remove a need for a separate dielectric layer. 
     The in-cell touch sensor components, including the black matrix material, may be formed onto an inward-facing side or outward-facing side of the upper substrate, or top glass substrate, rather than be formed in a separate assembly. As used herein, the various layers formed on the inward-facing side or outward-facing side of the top glass substrate may be referred to as the “top glass assembly.” By way of example, a touch drive or touch sense electrode and a dielectric layer may be formed on the top glass substrate, and the black matrix deposited onto the dielectric layer. At least some portion of the black matrix material may be conductive and may serve as a corresponding touch drive or touch sense electrode for a touch sensor subsystem of the LCD touch screen. 
     With the foregoing in mind, a general description of suitable electronic devices that may employ electronic touch screen displays having in-cell or on-cell touch components and black matrix will be provided below. In particular,  FIG. 1  is a block diagram depicting various components that may be present in an electronic device suitable for use with such a display.  FIGS. 2 and 3  respectively illustrate perspective and front views of suitable electronic device, which may be, as illustrated, a notebook computer or a handheld electronic device. 
     Turning first to  FIG. 1 , an electronic device  10  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include, among other things, one or more processor(s)  12 , memory  14 , nonvolatile storage  16 , a display  18  having in-cell touch sensor components  20 , input structures  22 , an input/output (I/O) interface  24 , network interfaces  26 , and a power source  28 . The various functional blocks shown in  FIG. 1  may include hardware elements (including circuitry), software elements (including computer code stored on a computer-readable medium) or a combination of both hardware and software elements. It should be noted that  FIG. 1  is merely one example of a particular implementation and is intended to illustrate the types of components that may be present in electronic device  10 . 
     By way of example, the electronic device  10  may represent a block diagram of the notebook computer depicted in  FIG. 2 , the handheld device depicted in  FIG. 3 , or similar devices. It should be noted that the processor(s)  12  and/or other data processing circuitry may be generally referred to herein as “data processing circuitry.” Such data processing circuitry may be embodied wholly or in part as software, firmware, hardware, or any combination thereof. Furthermore, the data processing circuitry may be a single contained processing module or may be incorporated wholly or partially within any of the other elements within the electronic device  10 . 
     In the electronic device  10  of  FIG. 1 , the processor(s)  12  and/or other data processing circuitry may be operably coupled with the memory  14  and the nonvolatile memory  16  to perform various algorithms for responding appropriately to a user touch on the display  18 . Such programs or instructions executed by the processor(s)  12  may be stored in any suitable article of manufacture that includes one or more tangible, computer-readable media at least collectively storing the instructions or routines, such as the memory  14  and the nonvolatile storage  16 . The memory  14  and the nonvolatile storage  16  may include any suitable articles of manufacture for storing data and executable instructions, such as random-access memory, read-only memory, rewritable flash memory, hard drives, and optical discs. Also, programs (e.g., an operating system) encoded on such a computer program product may also include instructions that may be executed by the processor(s)  12  to enable the electronic device  10  to provide various functionalities. 
     The display  18  may be a touch-screen liquid crystal display (LCD), which may enable users to interact with a user interface of the electronic device  10 . Various touch sensor components, such as touch sense and/or touch drive electrodes may be located within display pixel cells of the display  18 . As mentioned above, these in-cell/on-cell touch sensor  20  components may include integrated display panel components serving a secondary role as touch sensor components. As such, it should be understood that the in-cell/on-cell touch sensor  20  components may be formed from a gate line of the display, a pixel electrode of the display, a common electrode of the display, a source line of the display, or a drain line of the display, or some combination of these elements. Additionally or alternatively, at least some conductive portion of an in-cell black matrix material may serve as a component or supplementary to a component of the in-cell/on-cell touch sensor  20 . In some embodiments, the in-cell/on-cell touch sensor  20  may be a MultiTouch™ display allowing multiple touches to be detected on the display  18  at once. 
     The input structures  22  of the electronic device  10  may enable a user to interact with the electronic device  10  (e.g., pressing a button to increase or decrease a volume level). The I/O interface  24  may enable electronic device  10  to interface with various other electronic devices, as may the network interfaces  26 . The network interfaces  26  may include, for example, interfaces for a personal area network (PAN), such as a Bluetooth network, for a local area network (LAN), such as an 802.11x Wi-Fi network, and/or for a wide area network (WAN), such as a 3G or 4G cellular network. The power source  28  of the electronic device  10  may be any suitable source of power, such as a rechargeable lithium polymer (Li-poly) battery and/or an alternating current (AC) power converter. 
     The electronic device  10  may take the form of a computer or other type of electronic device. Such computers may include computers that are generally portable (such as laptop, notebook, and tablet computers) as well as computers that are generally used in one place (such as conventional desktop computers, workstations and/or servers). In certain embodiments, the electronic device  10  in the form of a computer may be a model of a MacBook®, MacBook® Pro, MacBook Air®, iMac®, Mac® mini, or Mac Pro® available from Apple Inc. By way of example, the electronic device  10 , taking the form of a notebook computer  30 , is illustrated in  FIG. 2  in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. The depicted computer  30  may include a housing  32 , a display  18 , input structures  22 , and ports of an I/O interface  24 . In one embodiment, the input structures  22  (such as a keyboard and/or touchpad) may be used to interact with the computer  30 , such as to start, control, or operate a GUI or applications running on computer  30 . For example, a keyboard and/or touchpad may allow a user to navigate a user interface or application interface displayed on display  18 . The display  18  may be relatively thin and/or bright, as the in-cell/on-cell touch sensor  20  may not require an additional capacitive touch panel overlaid on it. 
       FIG. 3  depicts a front view of a handheld device  34 , which represents one embodiment of the electronic device  10 . The handheld device  34  may represent, for example, a portable phone, a media player, a personal data organizer, a handheld game platform, or any combination of such devices. By way of example, the handheld device  34  may be a model of an iPod® or iPhone® available from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. In other embodiments, the handheld device  34  may be a tablet-sized embodiment of the electronic device  10 , which may be, for example, a model of an iPad® available from Apple Inc. 
     The handheld device  34  may include an enclosure  36  to protect interior components from physical damage and to shield them from electromagnetic interference. The enclosure  36  may surround the display  18 , which may display indicator icons  38 . The indicator icons  38  may indicate, among other things, a cellular signal strength, Bluetooth connection, and/or battery life. The I/O interfaces  24  may open through the enclosure  36  and may include, for example, a proprietary I/O port from Apple Inc. to connect to external devices. 
     User input structures  40 ,  42 ,  44 , and  46 , in combination with the display  18 , may allow a user to control the handheld device  34 . For example, the input structure  40  may activate or deactivate the handheld device  34 , the input structure  42  may navigate user interface  20  to a home screen, a user-configurable application screen, and/or activate a voice-recognition feature of the handheld device  34 , the input structures  44  may provide volume control, and the input structure  46  may toggle between vibrate and ring modes. A microphone  48  may obtain a user&#39;s voice for various voice-related features, and a speaker  50  may enable audio playback and/or certain phone capabilities. A headphone input  52  may provide a connection to external speakers and/or headphones. As mentioned above, the display  18  may be relatively thin and/or bright, as the in-cell/on-cell touch sensor  20  may not require an additional capacitive touch panel overlaid on it. 
     The display  18  may include a variety of layers.  FIGS. 4-6  depict block diagram exploded views of different layers that may appear in the display  18 . The embodiments of  FIGS. 4-6  describe various configurations of in-cell/on-cell touch sensor  20  components. Indeed,  FIGS. 4-6  illustrate embodiments having a backlight assembly  60 , a lower polarizing layer  62 , a lower substrate, or thin film transistor (TFT) glass substrate  64 , a thin film transistor (TFT) layer  66 , a liquid crystal layer  68 , an upper substrate, or top glass substrate  70 , black matrix/touch sense electrode  80 , touch sensor dielectric layer  88 , touch drive electrode  86 , and an upper polarizing filter plus high resistance or anti-static film  90 . In  FIG. 4 , in-cell/on-cell touch sensor  20  components, including the black matrix/touch sensor electrode  80 , the touch sensor dielectric layer  88 , and touch drive electrode  86 , are illustrated as being formed on the inward-facing side of the top glass substrate  60 . In  FIGS. 5 and 6 , on-cell touch sensor  20  components, including the black matrix/touch sensor electrode  80 , the touch sensor dielectric layer  88 , and touch drive electrode  86 , are illustrated as being formed in the outward-facing side of the top glass substrate  60 . In addition, in  FIGS. 5 and 6 , an in-cell/on-cell touch sensor  20  component, a shielding layer  92 , is formed on the inward-facing side of the top glass substrate  60 . 
     Turning first to  FIG. 4 , it may be seen that light from the backlight assembly  60  may pass through the lower polarizing layer  62 , the thin film transistor (TFT) glass substrate  64 , the TFT layer  66 , and into the liquid crystal layer  68 . The liquid crystal layer  68  may include liquid crystal particles or molecules suspended in a fluid or gel matrix. The liquid crystal particles may be oriented or aligned by an electrical field generated in the TFT layer  66 . The orientation of the liquid crystal particles in the liquid crystal layer  68  may ultimately impact the amount of light emitted through pixels of the display  18 . Specifically, the amount and/or polarity of light that exits the liquid crystal layer  68  and out through the top glass substrate  70  and high-resistance film  72  may be dependent on the electrical field generated in the TFT layer  66 . Thus, by modulating the electrical field applied to the liquid crystal layer  68 , the amount of light transmitted through a pixel of the display  18  may be varied accordingly. 
     Although the TFT glass substrate  64  is described as glass, the TFT glass substrate  64  may alternatively be formed from any suitable light-transparent material, such as quartz and/or plastic. The TFT layer  66  may be formed on the inward-facing side of the TFT glass substrate  64  using any suitable techniques, including deposition, etching, doping, and so forth. As will be described below, the TFT layer  66  may include a variety of conductive, non-conductive, and semi-conductive layers and structures that generally form the electrical devices and pathways driving the operation of pixels of the display  18 . To allow light from the backlight assembly  60  to pass through the TFT layer  66 , the TFT layer  66  generally may be formed from light-transparent materials, with few exceptions (e.g., black matrix). 
     The TFT layer  66  may include respective data lines (also referred to as source lines), scanning lines (also referred to as gate lines), pixel electrodes, and common electrodes, as well as other conductive traces and structures that may be found in the display  18 . In light-transmissive portions of the display  18 , these conductive structures may be formed using transparent conductive materials such as Indium Tin Oxide (ITO). In addition, the TFT layer  66  may include various layers for forming a thin film transistor (TFT), which may be used to provide a video data signal to TFTs thin film transistors (TFTs). Such a video data signal may cause TFTs to pass a certain voltage to pixel electrodes of the display  18 , generating an electrical field that modulates the liquid crystal layer  68 . In this way, the TFTs may allow more or less light to pass through specific subpixels of the display  18  to generate an image on the display  18 . Forming a TFT in the TFT layer  66  may involve installing layers (e.g., a gate insulating film) formed from suitable transparent materials (e.g., silicon oxide) and semi-conductive layers formed from suitable semi-conductor materials (e.g., amorphous silicon). In general, the respective conductive structures and traces, insulating structures, and semi-conductive structures may be suitably disposed to form various pixels of the display  18 , including common electrodes, a TFT, and respective source and gate lines used to operate the pixels of display  18 , as discussed in greater detail below with respect to  FIG. 7 . 
     The structures and/or layers found between the inward-facing side of the top glass substrate and the inward-facing side of the TFT glass substrate may form the “cell” of display pixels of the display  18 , as generally indicated by numeral  74 . In  FIG. 4 , the TFT layer  66  formed on the inward-facing side of the TFT glass substrate  64  may include a variety of components to allow the display  18  to be thinner, lighter, and/or brighter than displays that employ separate touch sensor panels. For example, the color filter layer  76 , being formed as a component of the TFT layer  66  rather than a separate layer, may be formed from an organic resin that has been doped to filter certain colors (e.g., red, green, or blue). The organic resin used in the color filter layer  76  may serve a dual purpose as an inter-dielectric layer between thin film transistors (TFT) of the TFT layer  66  and common electrode and pixel electrodes of the TFT layer  66 , and may have a dielectric constant of around 4 or less. 
     It should be appreciated that in alternative embodiments, black matrix material formed in the TFT layer  66  may serve as or supplement touch drive electrodes. Additionally or alternatively, the in-cell/on-cell touch sensor  20  components may be formed from one or more pixel electrodes of the display  18 , one or more common electrodes of the display  18 , one or more source lines of the display  18 , or one or more drains of the display  18 , or some combination of these elements. 
     A display flexible printed circuit (FPC)  82  may be bonded to the TFT glass substrate layer  64 . The display FPC  82  may be bonded to conductive traces on the TFT glass substrate and may provide signals to control elements of display pixels in the TFT layer  66 . For example, as will be descried below, the display FPC  82  may provide data to generate scanning and data signals, also referred to as gate signals and source signals, to cause the pixels of the display  18  to emit certain frequencies of light. 
     In the embodiment of  FIG. 4 , in-cell/on-cell touch sensor  20  components may be formed on an inward-facing side of the top glass substrate  70 . In particular, the touch drive electrodes  86  may be formed on the inward-facing side of the top glass substrate  70 , and the dielectric layer  88  formed over the touch drive electrodes  86 . A black matrix material may be formed over the dielectric layer  88 , at least some of the black matrix material serving as or supplementing touch sense electrodes as the black matrix/touch sense electrodes  80 . 
     After light passes through the liquid crystal layer  68 , the light may continue to pass between the black matrix, including the black matrix/touch sense electrodes  80 , through the dielectric layer  88  and touch drive electrode  86 , through the top glass substrate  70  and up to an upper polarizing layer  90  coupled to a high resistance and/or anti-static film. As will be discussed below, the high-resistance and/or anti-static film may be formed above or below the upper polarizing layer  90 . The touch drive electrodes  86  and the dielectric layer  88  may be formed from substantially transparent materials, such as indium tin oxide (ITO) or any other suitable substantially transparent conductive material. The black matrix/touch sense electrodes  80  may supplement touch sense electrodes formed from a substantially transparent conductive material, such as indium tin oxide (ITO) or any other suitable material. For such embodiments, the black matrix/touch sense electrodes  80  may effectively reduce the overall resistance of touch sense electrodes in the display  18 . Because the in-cell/on-cell touch sensor  20  components may be formed on the top glass substrate  70 , the touch FPC  84  may be bonded to the top glass substrate  70 . 
       FIGS. 5 and 6  represent alternative embodiments of the display  18 . In both  FIGS. 5 and 6 , on-cell touch sensor  20  components may be formed on an outward-facing side of the top glass substrate  70 , and an in-cell/on-cell touch sensor  20  component, a shielding layer  92 , may be formed on an inward-facing side of the top glass substrate  70 . The shielding layer  92  may be formed from a substantially transparent conductive material (e.g., ITO). By interposing the shielding layer  92  between the on-cell touch sensor  20  components and other display pixel cell  74  components, capacitive coupling may be reduced. Thus, the shielding layer  92  may reduce display and/or touch distortions that could occur from excessive capacitive interaction between these two systems. 
     In  FIG. 5 , the touch drive electrode  86  may be disposed onto the top glass substrate  70 , above which the dielectric layer  80  may be formed. The black matrix/touch sense electrodes  80  may be formed above the dielectric layer  80 . The upper polarizing layer  90  coupled to the high resistance and/or anti-static film may be formed above the black matrix/touch sense electrodes. Because the on-cell touch sensor  20  components may be formed on outward-facing side of the top glass substrate  70 , the touch FPC  84  may be bonded to the outward-facing side of the top glass substrate  70 . 
     In  FIG. 6 , the black matrix/touch sense electrodes  80  may be formed on the outward-facing side of the top glass substrate  70 . The dielectric layer  88 , the touch drive electrodes  86 , and upper polarizing layer  90  coupled to the high resistance and/or anti-static film  90  may be disposed above the on-cell portions of the black matrix/touch sense electrodes  80 . In a peripheral portion of the black matrix/touch sense electrodes  80 , which are not disposed directly above the display pixel cells, the touch FPC  84  may be bonded directly to the black matrix/touch sense electrodes  80 . 
     Among the various components patterned in the TFT layer  66  may be a pixel array  100 , as shown in  FIG. 7 .  FIG. 7  generally represents a circuit diagram of certain components of the display  18  in accordance with an embodiment. In particular, the pixel array  100  of the display  18  may include a number of unit pixels  102  disposed in a pixel array or matrix. In such an array, each unit pixel  102  may be defined by the intersection of rows and columns, represented by gate lines  104  (also referred to as scanning lines), and source lines  106  (also referred to as data lines), respectively. Although only 6 unit pixels  102 , referred to individually by the reference numbers  102   a - 102   f , respectively, are shown for purposes of simplicity, it should be understood that in an actual implementation, each source line  106  and gate line  104  may include hundreds or thousands of such unit pixels  102 . Each of the unit pixels  102  may represent one of three subpixels that respectively filters only one color (e.g., red, blue, or green) of light through the organic-resin-based color filter layer  76  formed in the TFT layer  66 . For purposes of the present disclosure, the terms “pixel,” “subpixel,” and “unit pixel” may be used largely interchangeably. 
     In the presently illustrated embodiment, each unit pixel  102  includes a thin film transistor  108  for switching a data signal stored on a respective pixel electrode  110 . The potential stored on the pixel electrode  110  relative to a potential of a common electrode  112 , which may be shared by other pixels  102 , may generate an electrical field sufficient to alter the arrangement of the liquid crystal layer  68  (not shown in  FIG. 7 ). In the depicted embodiment of  FIG. 7 , a source  114  of each TFT  108  may be electrically connected to a source line  106  and a gate  116  of each TFT  108  may be electrically connected to a gate line  104 . A drain  118  of each TFT  108  may be electrically connected to a respective pixel electrode  110 . Each TFT  108  may serve as a switching element that may be activated and deactivated (e.g., turned on and off) for a predetermined period of time based on the respective presence or absence of a scanning signal on the gate lines  104  that are applied to the gates  116  of the TFTs  108 . 
     When activated, a TFT  108  may store the image signals received via the respective source line  106  as a charge upon its corresponding pixel electrode  110 . As noted above, the image signals stored by the pixel electrode  110  may be used to generate an electrical field between the respective pixel electrode  110  and a common electrode  112 . The electrical field between the respective pixel electrode  110  and the common electrode  112  may alter the plurality of a liquid crystal layer  68  disposed above the unit pixel  102  (not shown). This electrical field may align the liquid crystal molecules within the liquid crystal layer  68  to modulate life transmission through the pixel  102 . Thus, as the electrical field changes, the amount of light passing through the pixel  102  may increase or decrease. In general, light may pass through the unit pixel  102  at an intensity corresponding to the applied voltage from the source line  106 . 
     The display  18  also may include a source driver integrated circuit (IC)  120 , which may include a chip, such as a processor or application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) that controls the display pixel array  100  by receiving image data  122  from the processor(s)  12 , and sending corresponding image signals to the unit pixels  102  of the pixel array  100 . It should be understood that the source driver  120  may be a chip-on-glass (COG) component on the TFT glass substrate  64 , a component of the display FPC  82 , and/or a component of a printed circuit board (PCB) that is connected to the TFT glass substrate  64  via the display FPC  82 . The source driver  120  also may couple to a gate driver integrated circuit (IC)  124  that may activate or deactivate rows of unit pixels  102  via the gate lines  104 . As such, the source driver  120  may provide timing signals  126  to the gate driver  124  to facilitate the activation/deactivation of individual rows of pixels  102 . In other embodiments, timing information may be provided to the gate driver  124  in some other manner. The display  18  may or may not include a common voltage (Vcom) source  128  to provide a common voltage (Vcom) voltage to the common electrodes  112 . In some embodiments, the Vcom source  128  may supply a different Vcom to different common electrodes  112  at different times. In other embodiments, the common electrodes  112  all may be maintained at the same potential (e.g., a ground potential). 
     As noted above, the in-cell/on-cell touch sensor  20  of the display  18  may operate using certain in-cell and/or on-cell touch sensor components, such as the black matrix/touch sense electrodes  80  formed on the inward-facing side of the top glass substrate  70 , as illustrated in  FIG. 4 , or the black matrix/touch sense electrodes  80  formed on the outward-facing side of the top glass substrate  70 , as illustrated in  FIGS. 5 and 6 . The general operation of such in-cell/on-cell touch sensors  20  will now be described with reference to  FIG. 9 , which provides one example of the in-cell/on-cell touch sensor  20  employed by the display  18 . The in-cell/on-cell touch sensor  20  may interface with the processors  12  of the electronic device  10  through a touch processor  160 . In general, the touch processor  160  may communicate the occurrence and position of touches on the display  18 , to enable the processors  12  to appropriately respond to such user touches. 
     The touch processor  160  may be operably coupled to a touch controller  162 , which may control the general operation of a touch pixel array  140 . As will be discussed further below, the touch pixel array may include an N×M of touch pixels  142  (e.g., a 6×10 matrix of touch pixels  142 ). The touch controller  162  may include, for example, one or more sense channels  164  (also referred to as an event detection and demodulation circuit), channel scan logic  166 , driver logic  168 , memory  170 , and one or more charge pumps  171 . The touch processor  162  may be integrated into a single application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), which may be disposed, for example, in a chip-on-glass (COG) component on the top glass substrate  70 , the touch FPC  84 , or a printed circuit board (PCB) coupled to the touch FPC  84 . The channel scan logic  166  may access the memory  170  and may autonomously read from and/or control the sense channels  164 . The channel scan logic  166  additionally may control the driver logic  168  to generate touch drive signals  172  at various frequencies and/or phases to a touch drive interface  146 , and a touch sense interface  148  may provide various sense signals  174  to the sense channels  164  in response. 
     As mentioned above, the touch pixel array  140  includes an M×N matrix of touch pixels  142 . These touch pixels  142  arise due to interactions between touch drive electrodes  86  and touch sense electrodes  178  (which may include, for example, the black matrix/touch sense electrodes  80 ). It should be noted that the terms “lines” and “electrodes” as sometimes used herein simply refers to conductive pathways, and is not intended to be limited to structures that are strictly linear. Rather, the terms “lines” and “electrodes” may encompass pathways that change direction, of different size, shape, materials, and regions. The touch drive electrodes  86  may be driven by touch drive signals  172  from the driver logic  168  of the touch controller  162 . 
     The sense lines  178  may respond differently to the touch drive signals  172  when an object, such as a finger, is located near the confluence of a touch drive electrode  86  and a touch sense electrode  178 . The presence of the object may be “seen” by the touch drive pixel  142  that results. That is, the resulting sense signals  174  that are generated in the touch sense electrodes  178  may be transmitted through the sense channels  164  in the touch controller  162 . In this way, the touch drive electrodes  86  and touch sense electrodes  178  may form capacitive sensing nodes, or the touch pixels  142 . It should be understood that the respective touch drive electrodes  86  and touch sense electrodes  178  may be formed, for example, from dedicated touch drive electrodes  86  and/or dedicated touch sense electrodes  178 , and/or may be formed from one or more gate lines  104  of the display  18 , one or more pixel electrode  110   s  of the display  18 , one or more common electrodes  112  of the display  18 , one or more source lines  106  of the display  18 , or one or more drains  118  of the display  18 , or some combination of these elements. In addition, at least some portion of the black matrix material of the display  18  may serve as, or supplement, the touch drive electrodes  86  and/or the touch sense electrodes  178  (e.g., the black matrix/touch sense electrodes  80 ). 
       FIGS. 9 and 10  represent schematic side views of various layers that may be employed in the display  18 , and generally represent examples of the embodiment of  FIG. 4 . The examples of  FIGS. 9 and 10  illustrate how these various layers may include in-cell/on-cell touch sensor  20  components. The layers of  FIGS. 9 and 10  include the TFT glass substrate layer  64 , upon which the TFT layer  66  may be formed, the liquid crystal layer  68 , the top glass substrate  70 , and the high-resistance layer  72 . In addition, a touch drive electrode layer  86 , a dielectric layer  88 , and a black matrix/touch sense electrode  80  are shown as formed on the inward-facing side of the top glass substrate  70 . The various layers of  FIGS. 9 and 10  are shown to form a red pixel  102   a  and a green pixel  102   b  as delineated by black matrix material  138 , here represented by the black matrix/touch sense electrode  80 . Because the in-cell/on-cell touch sensor  20  components of  FIGS. 9 and 10  are formed on the inward-facing side of the top glass substrate  70 , capacitive coupling between the in-cell/on-cell touch sensor  20  components and display components may be reduced as compared to being formed on the TFT glass substrate  64 . Meanwhile, by being formed on the top glass substrate  70  rather than being a separate touch sensor device, the in-cell/on-cell touch sensor  20  may reduce the complexity and/or weight that would be present otherwise. 
     It is noted that the examples of  FIGS. 9 and 10  differ from one another in that, in  FIG. 9 , an upper polarizing layer  90  and a high resistance layer  72  may be formed on the outward-facing side of the top glass substrate  70 , while in  FIG. 10 , an anti-static film  220  may be formed on the outward-facing side of the top glass substrate  70  instead of or in addition to the high resistance film  72 . It should be noted that, in alternative embodiments, the high resistance layer  72  and/or anti-static film  220  may be formed on an opposite side of the upper polarizing layer  90  from their respective placements in  FIGS. 9 and 10 . 
     In the example of  FIGS. 9 and 10 , the black matrix/touch sense electrode  80  and the touch drive electrode  86  may operate as in-cell/on-cell touch sensor  20  components. As such, the touch FPC  84  may be electrically connected to these components, as schematically illustrated. Since the in-cell/on-cell touch sensor  20  components are formed on the top glass substrate  70 , the touch FPC  84  may be bonded to the top glass substrate  70 . It may also be noted that the black matrix/touch sense electrode  80  may or may not be electrically connected to a light-transmissive conductive material (e.g., indium tin oxide (ITO)) that form a touch sense electrode  178 . In this way, the black matrix/touch sense electrode  80  may lower the effective resistance of the light-transmissive conductive touch sense electrodes  178 . It should further be noted that some common grounding material  214  (e.g., a silver (Ag) paste) may keep the high-resistance layer  72  and/or anti-static layer  220  at the same ground potential as the touch FPC  84 , the display FPC  82 , and any other in-cell components that are grounded. 
     Display pixel components may be formed in the TFT layer  66 . The various layers and components that may be present in the TFT layer  66  may include, for example, the TFT  108 , the color filter layer  76  (shown as a red component of the color filter layer ( 76   a ) and a green component of the color filter layer ( 76   b )), fingers of pixel electrode  110   s , and a common electrode  112 . The TFT  108  may include, for example, the gate  116 , the source  114  and drain  118 . A gate insulator  204  that may be formed from an insulating material (e.g., silicon oxide) and active silicon  206  may be formed between the gate  116  and the source  114  and/or drain  118 . When an activation signal is provided to the gate  116  based signals from the display FPC  82 , the active silicon  206  may permit charge to flow between the source  114  and the drain  118 , allowing a data signal applied to the source  114  to reach the drain  118 . As should be appreciated, this data signal may also derive from signals from the display FPC  82 . The display FPC  82  may be bonded to the TFT glass substrate  64  and connected to the gate  116  and the source  114  in any suitable manner. Also, as noted above, because the color filter layer  76  may be formed from an organic resin doped to filter red, blue, or green light, and may have a dielectric constant of approximately 4 or less, the color filter layer  76  may serve as an inter-dielectric layer between the TFT  108  and the pixel electrode  110   s  and common electrode  112 . 
     Although not shown in  FIGS. 9 and 10 , the drain  118  is electrically connected to the fingers of a pixel electrode  110  of one of the pixels  102  (e.g., the green pixel  102   b ). A light-transmissive passivation layer  210  may electrically separate the fingers of pixel electrode  110   s  from the common electrode  112 , allowing an electrical field to form between them. Based on the data signal provided to the source  114  when the gate  116  is activated, the electrical field may modulate the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer  68 , causing a controlled amount of light to pass through the green pixel  102   b . It should be appreciated that a top-pixel structure is also applicable in other embodiments. 
     In the example of  FIGS. 9 and 10 , the black matrix/touch sense electrode  80  may be formed from any suitable opaque metal (e.g., Cr/CrO x , or any other metals or other conducting polymer or hybrid with metal and organic black matrix, and so forth). When additional touch sense electrodes  178  are employed, the black matrix/touch sense electrode  80  may reduce the resistance of these touch sense electrodes  178 , which may be formed from indium tin oxide (ITO) and may have a higher resistance than the black matrix/touch sense electrode  80  material. 
     A common grounding material  214 , which is illustrated as a silver (Ag) paste, but which may be formed from any suitable conductive material, may be used to provide a uniform ground to components of the top glass substrate  70  and elements disposed on the TFT glass substrate  64 . For example, the high resistance layer  72  on the top glass substrate  70  may be maintained at the same ground potential as the display FPC  82  and touch FPC  84 . In some embodiments, the common electrode  112  voltage (Vcom) also may be maintained at a ground potential through the use of the grounding conductor  214 . 
       FIGS. 11 and 12  represent schematic side views of various layers that may be employed in the display  18 , and generally represent examples of the embodiment of  FIGS. 5 and 6 , respectively. Like elements of  FIGS. 11 and 12  that appear in  FIGS. 9 and 10  are not discussed further, but should be understood to generally operate in the same manner. Both  FIGS. 11 and 12  include in-cell/on-cell touch sensor  20  components formed on the outward-facing side of the top glass substrate  70  and the shielding layer  92  formed on the inward-facing side of the top glass substrate  70 . 
     In  FIG. 11 , the touch sense electrodes  178  are shown to be formed on the outward-facing side of the top glass substrate  70 , above which the dielectric layer  88  may be formed. The black matrix  80  and touch drive electrodes  86  may be formed above the dielectric layer  88 . The upper polarizing layer  90  coupled to the high resistance and/or anti-static film  220  may be formed above the black matrix/touch drive electrodes. Because the in-cell/on-cell touch sensor  20  components may be formed on outward-facing side of the top glass substrate  70 , the touch FPC  84  may be bonded to the outward-facing side of the top glass substrate  70 . As schematically illustrated in  FIG. 11 , the touch FPC  84  may be operably coupled to the black matrix  80 , touch sense electrodes  178 , and the touch drive electrodes  86 . 
     In  FIG. 12 , the black matrix/touch sense electrodes  80  are shown to be formed on the outward-facing side of the top glass substrate  70 . The dielectric layer  88 , the touch drive electrodes  86 , and upper polarizing layer  90  coupled to the high resistance and/or anti-static film  90  may be disposed above the on-cell portions of the black matrix/touch sense electrodes  80 . In a peripheral portion of the black matrix/touch sense electrodes  80 , which are not disposed directly above the display pixel cells, the touch FPC  84  may be bonded directly to the black matrix/touch sense electrodes  80 . As schematically indicated in  FIG. 12 , the touch FPC  84  may also be operably coupled to the touch drive electrodes  86 . 
     As represented by a flowchart  250  of  FIG. 13 , manufacturing the examples shown in  FIGS. 9 and 10  may involve forming the TFT layer  66  on the inward-facing side of the TFT glass substrate  64  (block  252 ) and forming the high-resistance layer  72  and/or anti-static film  220  and the upper polarizing layer  90  on the outward-facing side of the top glass substrate  70  (block  254 ). Additionally, the touch drive electrodes  86 , dielectric layer  88 , and black matrix/touch sensor electrodes  80  may be formed on the inward-facing side of the top glass substrate  70  (block  256 ). A liquid crystal layer  68  then may be placed between the inward-facing sides of the TFT glass substrate  64  and the top glass substrate  70  as they are combined (block  258 ). 
     Similarly, as represented by a flowchart  230  of  FIG. 14 , manufacturing the examples shown in  FIGS. 11 and 12  may involve forming the TFT layer  66  on the inward-facing side of the TFT glass substrate  64  (block  232 ). Additionally, the shielding layer  92  may be formed on the inward-facing side of the top glass substrate (block  233 ). Also, the black matrix/touch sensor electrodes  80 , the dielectric layer  88 , and the touch drive electrodes  86 , as well as the high-resistance layer  72  and/or the anti-static layer  220 , may be formed on the outward-facing side of the top glass substrate  70  (block  234 ). A liquid crystal layer  68  then may be placed between the inward-facing sides of the TFT glass substrate  64  and the top glass substrate  70  as they are combined (block  236 ). 
     The specific embodiments described above have been shown by way of example, and it should be understood that these embodiments may be susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms. It should be further understood that the claims are not intended to be limited to the particular forms disclosed, but rather to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of this disclosure.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20110819
Publication Date: 20161018
Grant Date: 20161018
Priority Date: 20110819
Inventors: PARK YOUNGBAE
CHEN CHENG
CHANG SHIH CHANG
ZHONG JOHN Z.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "Y10T29/49105", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02F1/13338", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0412", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0412", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02F1/1362", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02F1/136209", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "Y10T29/49105", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02F1/1362", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0412", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02F1/136209", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02F1/13338", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02F2001/136218", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/044", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02F2001/13685", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02F1/136209", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0412", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "Y10T29/49105", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02F1/1362", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02F1/13338", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02F1/13685", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02F1/136218", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02F1/136218", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02F1/13685", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0445", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0446", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0446", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0445", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 46754773