PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-11360587-B1
Application Number: US-202117183210-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B1

Title: Deployment systems for computer system finger devices

Abstract:
A system may include a finger device that is worn on a user&#39;s finger. The finger device may serve as a controller for a head-mounted device or other devices in the system. The finger device may have a foldable housing with hinge structures that allow portions of the housing to fold with respect to each other. Magnets or other bistability structures may be used to provide the folding housing with folding bistability. This allows the housing to be placed in a stable unfolded state that releases the finger or a stable folded state in which the housing snaps over the finger and holds the finger device in place. A base may be used to store the finger device for charging. The base may have deployment structures that help place the finger device on the user&#39;s finger for use.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A finger device configured to be worn on a finger to control a head-mounted device with a display, the finger device comprising:
 sensor circuitry configured to gather finger position information as the finger moves; and 
 a foldable housing configured to be coupled to the finger at a tip of the finger while leaving a finger pad at the tip of the finger exposed, wherein the foldable housing has first and second portions coupled by hinge structures, wherein the foldable housing has bistability structures configured to impart folding bistability to the foldable housing, and wherein the bistability structures comprise magnetic bistability structures that are configured to separate the first and second portions away from one another in a first stable state. 
 
     
     
       2. The finger device defined in  claim 1  wherein the bistability structures comprises first and second magnets located respectively in the first and second portions, wherein the first magnet has a first pole and a second pole, wherein the second magnet has a third pole and a fourth pole, and wherein the first pole of the first magnet is configured to attract the fourth pole of the second magnet in: 1) the first stable state in which the foldable housing is unfolded and the first and second housing portions are moved away from each other to open the foldable housing and 2) a second stable state in which the foldable housing is folded and the first and second housing portions are moved towards each other to close the foldable housing. 
     
     
       3. The finger device defined in  claim 1  wherein the bistability structures comprise magnetic structures. 
     
     
       4. The finger device defined in  claim 1  wherein the bistability structures comprise at least one magnet. 
     
     
       5. The finger device defined in  claim 1  wherein the bistability structures comprise a magnetic material with multiple polarization zones forming a magnet array. 
     
     
       6. The finger device defined in  claim 1  wherein the bistability structures comprise multiple magnets. 
     
     
       7. The finger device defined in  claim 1  wherein the bistability structures are configured to operate in 1) first stable state in which the foldable housing is unfolded and the first and second housing portions are moved away from each other to open the foldable housing and 2) a second stable state in which the foldable housing is folded and the first and second housing portions are moved towards each other to close the foldable housing. 
     
     
       8. The finger device defined in  claim 1  wherein the hinge structures include a hinge that couples the first and second housing portions together for rotational motion about a folding axis. 
     
     
       9. The finger device defined in  claim 1  wherein the hinge structures include parallel first and second hinges, wherein the housing has a center portion, wherein the first hinge couples the first portion to the center portion for rotation about a first hinge axis, and wherein the second hinge couples the center portion to the second portion for rotation about a second hinge axis. 
     
     
       10. The finger device defined in  claim 9  wherein the bistability structures include a first magnet in the first portion, a second magnet in the center portion, and a third magnet in the second portion. 
     
     
       11. The finger device defined in  claim 9  wherein the bistability structures include respective magnets in the first and second portions. 
     
     
       12. The finger device defined in  claim 9  wherein the bistability structures include at least three magnets. 
     
     
       13. The finger device defined in  claim 9  wherein the bistability structures include at least one magnet. 
     
     
       14. The finger device defined in  claim 1  wherein the first and second portions comprise, respectively first and second side housing portions configured to press against respective first and second opposing sides of the finger. 
     
     
       15. The finger device defined in  claim 1  wherein the first housing portion has a first gear and wherein the second housing portion has a second gear that engages the first gear to synchronize motion between the first and second housing portions as the housing is folded and unfolded. 
     
     
       16. The finger device defined in  claim 1  further comprising a coil configured to receive wireless power signals from a base, wherein the bistability structure comprise magnets configured to attract magnets in the base. 
     
     
       17. A system, comprising:
 a foldable finger device that is wearable on a finger while controlling external equipment, wherein the finger device has first and second housing portions coupled by hinge structures and has first and second respective magnets in the first and second housing portions that separate the first and second housing portions away from one another in a first stable state and that move the first and second housing portions towards one another in a second stable state; and 
 an item configured to store the foldable finger device, the item comprising:
 a magnet that is configured to attract the first magnet of the foldable finger device; and 
 support structures that support the magnet and that are configured to support the foldable finger device for storage while the magnet attracts the first magnet of the foldable finger device. 
 
 
     
     
       18. The system defined in  claim 17  wherein the support structures comprise a portion of a head-mounted device. 
     
     
       19. The system defined in  claim 18  wherein the support structures comprise a strap in the head-mounted device. 
     
     
       20. The system defined in  claim 17  wherein the support structures have a button configured to move when pushed by the finger to close foldable finger device. 
     
     
       21. The system defined in  claim 20  wherein the support structures include movable members, wherein the button is configured to move the movable members when the button is pushed by the finger, and wherein the movable members are configured to move the first and second housing portions towards each other to fold the foldable finger device onto the finger in response to the button being pushed. 
     
     
       22. The system defined in  claim 17  further comprising wireless power circuitry configured to wirelessly transmit power to the finger device while the finger device is supported by the support structures for storage. 
     
     
       23. The system defined in  claim 17  wherein the magnet comprises a first magnet of a pair of magnets in the item, wherein the first magnet of the pair of magnets and a second magnet of the pair of magnets are configured to attract, respectively, the first and second magnets of the finger device while the finger device is stored on the support structures. 
     
     
       24. The system defined in  claim 23  wherein the first and second magnets of the pair of magnets comprises switchable magnets and wherein the item comprises control circuitry configured to control the switchable magnets to release the finger device from the switchable magnets. 
     
     
       25. The system defined in  claim 17  wherein the magnet is configured to release the first magnet of the finger device when the finger device is moved relative to the support structures so that the magnet and the first magnet are not aligned. 
     
     
       26. A finger device configured to be worn on a finger, the finger device comprising;
 a foldable housing configured to be coupled to the finger, wherein the foldable housing has first and second portions coupled by hinge structures, wherein the foldable housing has magnets configured to impart folding bistability to the foldable housing, and wherein the foldable housing is operable in a stable unfolded state in which the magnets move the first and second portions away from one another and is operable in a stable folded state in which the magnets move the first and second portions towards one another to attach the foldable housing to the finger; 
 a sensor configured to gather finger input as the finger moves the housing; and 
 wireless communications circuitry configured to wirelessly transmit the finger input. 
 
     
     
       27. The finger device defined in  claim 26  wherein the magnets include first and second magnets, where the hinge structures comprise a hinge that couples the first portion to the second portion for rotation about a hinge axis, wherein the first magnet is in the first portion, and wherein the second magnet is in the second portion. 
     
     
       28. The finger device defined in  claim 26  wherein the magnets include first, second, and third magnets, wherein the housing has a center portion, wherein the hinge structures comprises a first hinge that couples the first portion to the center portion and a second hinge that couples the center portion to the second portion, wherein the first magnet is in the first portion, the second magnet is in the center portion, and the third magnet is in the third portion.

Description:
This application claims the benefit of provisional patent application No. 63/006,613, filed Apr. 7, 2020, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     This relates generally to electronic devices, and, more particularly, to finger-mounted electronic devices. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Electronic devices such as computers can be controlled using computer mice and other input accessories. Input accessories can be used to control content that is displayed on a display and to take other actions. Some input accessories for computer systems may be cumbersome or uncomfortable or may be difficult for a user to deploy. 
     SUMMARY 
     A system may include a finger device that is worn on a user&#39;s finger. The finger device has sensor circuitry in a housing. The sensor circuitry may include a strain gauge, accelerometer, and/or other sensor circuitry to detect finger input as the housing is moved by the finger. Wireless communications circuitry may be used to supply the finger input to other devices in the system such as a head-mounted device. During operation, finger input may be used to manipulate content displayed by the head-mounted device or other equipment in the system. 
     The finger device housing may have hinge structures that allow portions of the housing to fold with respect to each other. Magnets or other bistability structures may be used to provide the folding housing with folding bistability. The folding bistability of the housing allows the housing to be placed in a stable unfolded state that releases the finger or a stable folded state in which the housing snaps over the finger and holds the finger device in place. 
     A base may be used to store the finger device. The base may have wireless power circuitry to wirelessly charge the finger device. In some configurations, the base may have deployment structures that help place the finger device on the user&#39;s finger for use and that help remove the finger device for storage. Finger device support structures may form a stand-alone dock, may form an enclosure, may form part of a wearable electronic device, and/or may form other base structures. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram of an illustrative system with a finger device in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 2  is a top view of an illustrative finger of a user on which a finger device has been placed in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative finger device on the finger of a user in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 4  is a perspective view of an illustrative finger device with hinge in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative finger device with magnetic structures to provide folding bistability that helps the user remove the finger device from the user&#39;s finger and that helps the user attach the finger device to the user&#39;s finger in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 6A  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative finger device that is attached magnetically to a base in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 6B  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative finger device in a first stable state in which the finger device is being worn on a finger of a user in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 6C  is a cross-sectional side view of the illustrative finger device of  FIG. 6B  in a second stable state in which the finger device is released from the finger of the user and stored on a base in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 7  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative base with magnets showing how a user may slide the finger device along the surface of the base to move the device away from the magnets in the base in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 8  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative finger device with three magnets in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 9  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative finger device with interlocking gears in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIGS. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15  are cross-sectional side views of illustrative finger devices and associated bases in accordance with embodiments. 
         FIG. 16  is a cross-sectional side view of a pair of back-to-back finger devices being attached to first and second respective fingers in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 17  is a cross-sectional end view of an illustrative bistable strip in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 18  is a top view of an illustrative finger device that includes bistability structures such as the bistable strip of  FIG. 17  in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 19  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative finger device having a housing formed from a bistable strip structure in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 20  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative finger device with sliding portions in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 21  is a bottom perspective view of an illustrative finger device with a datum reference structure that is configured to engage part of a user&#39;s finger in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 22  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative finger device in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 23  is a perspective view of an illustrative base in which an illustrative finger device is stored in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 24  is a top view of an illustrative removable case such as a removable battery case in which a head-mounted device and a finger device are stored in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 25  is a perspective view of an illustrative removable case for storing a finger device in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 26  is a perspective view of an illustrative strap for a head-mounted device that is configured to magnetically attract a finger device for storage in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 27  is a top view of an illustrative head-mounted device with a strap on which finger devices may be removably stored in accordance with an embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Electronic devices that are configured to be mounted on the body of a user may be used to gather user input and to provide a user with output. For example, electronic devices that are configured to be worn on one or more of a user&#39;s fingers, which are sometimes referred to as finger devices or finger-mounted devices, may be used to gather user input and to supply output. A finger device may, as an example, include an inertial measurement unit with an accelerometer for gathering information on figure motions such as finger taps or free-space finger gestures, may include force sensors for gathering information on normal and shear forces in the finger device and the user&#39;s finger, and may include other sensors for gathering information on the interactions between the finger device (and the user&#39;s finger on which the device is mounted) and the surrounding environment. The finger device may include a haptic output device to provide the user&#39;s finger with haptic output and may include other output components. 
     One or more finger devices may gather user input from a user. The user may use finger devices in operating electronic devices. For example, a finger device may be used as a controller for a virtual reality or mixed reality device (e.g., head-mounted equipment such as glasses, goggles, a helmet, or other device with a display). During operation, the finger devices may gather user input such as information on interactions between the finger device(s) and the surrounding environment (e.g., interactions between a user&#39;s fingers and the environment, including finger motions and other interactions associated with virtual content displayed for a user). The user input may be used in controlling visual output on the display. Corresponding haptic output may be provided to the user&#39;s fingers using the finger devices. Haptic output may be used, for example, to provide the fingers of a user with a desired texture sensation as a user is touching a real object or as a user is touching a virtual object. Haptic output can also be used to create detents and other haptic effects. 
     Finger devices can be worn on any or all of a user&#39;s fingers (e.g., the index finger, the index finger and thumb, three of a user&#39;s fingers on one of the user&#39;s hands, some or all fingers on both hands, etc.). To enhance the sensitivity of a user&#39;s touch as the user interacts with surrounding objects, finger devices may have inverted U shapes or other configurations that allow the finger devices to be worn over the top and sides of a user&#39;s finger tips while leaving the user&#39;s finger pads exposed. This allows a user to touch objects with the finger pad portions of the user&#39;s fingers during use. If desired, finger devices may be worn over knuckles on a user&#39;s finger, between knuckles, and/or on other portions of a user&#39;s finger. Finger devices may have a single segment (e.g., a single housing that fits over the end of a user&#39;s finger) or may have multiple segments (e.g., multiple housing portions that are flexibly coupled to each other so that they may be worn on respective segments of a user&#39;s finger). One or more finger devices may be worn at a time. The use of a finger device that is worn on a user&#39;s fingertip is sometimes described herein as an example. 
     Users can use finger devices to interact with any suitable electronic equipment. For example, a user may use one or more finger devices to interact with a virtual reality or mixed reality system (e.g., a head-mounted device with a display), to supply input to a desktop computer, tablet computer, cellular telephone, watch, ear buds, or other accessory, or to interact with other electronic equipment. 
       FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram of an illustrative system of the type that may include one or more finger devices. As shown in  FIG. 1 , system  8  may include electronic device(s) such as finger device(s)  10  and other electronic device(s)  24 . Each finger device  10  may be worn on a finger of a user&#39;s hand. Additional electronic devices in system  8  such as devices  24  may include devices such as a laptop computer, a computer monitor containing an embedded computer, a tablet computer, a desktop computer (e.g., a display on a stand with an integrated computer processor and other computer circuitry), a cellular telephone, a media player, or other handheld or portable electronic device, a smaller device such as a wristwatch device, a pendant device, a headphone or earpiece device, a head-mounted device such as glasses, goggles, a helmet, or other equipment worn on a user&#39;s head, or other wearable or miniature device, a television, a computer display that does not contain an embedded computer, a gaming device, a remote control, a navigation device, an embedded system such as a system in which equipment is mounted in a kiosk, in an automobile, airplane, or other vehicle, a removable external case for electronic equipment, a strap, a wrist band or head band, a removable cover for a device, a case or bag that has straps or that has other structures to receive and carry electronic equipment and other items, a necklace or arm band, a wallet, sleeve, pocket, or other structure into which electronic equipment or other items may be inserted, part of a chair, sofa, or other seating (e.g., cushions or other seating structures), part of an item of clothing or other wearable item (e.g., a hat, belt, wrist band, headband, sock, glove, shirt, pants, etc.), or equipment that implements the functionality of two or more of these devices. 
     With one illustrative configuration, which may sometimes be described herein as an example, device  10  is a finger-mounted device having a finger-mounted housing with a U-shaped body that grasps a user&#39;s finger or a finger-mounted housing with other shapes configured to rest against a user&#39;s finger and device(s)  24  is a cellular telephone, tablet computer, laptop computer, wristwatch device, head-mounted device, a device with a speaker, and/or other electronic device (e.g., a device with a display, audio components, and/or other output components, equipment that includes multiple devices such as a cellular telephone or computer that serves as a host and a head-mounted device that provides display functionality for the host, etc.). A finger device with a U-shaped housing may have opposing left and right sides that are configured to receive a user&#39;s finger and a top housing portion that couples the left and right sides and that overlaps the user&#39;s fingernail. 
     Devices  10  and  24  may include control circuitry  12  and  26 . Control circuitry  12  and  26  may include storage and processing circuitry for supporting the operation of system  8 . The storage and processing circuitry may include storage such as nonvolatile memory (e.g., flash memory or other electrically-programmable-read-only memory configured to form a solid state drive), volatile memory (e.g., static or dynamic random-access-memory), etc. Processing circuitry in control circuitry  12  and  26  may be used to gather input from sensors and other input devices and may be used to control output devices. The processing circuitry may be based on one or more microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, baseband processors and other wireless communications circuits, power management units, audio chips, application specific integrated circuits, etc. 
     To support communications between devices  10  and  24  and/or to support communications between equipment in system  8  and external electronic equipment, control circuitry  12  may communicate using communications circuitry  14  and/or control circuitry  26  may communicate using communications circuitry  28 . Circuitry  14  and/or  28  may include antennas, radio-frequency transceiver circuitry, and other wireless communications circuitry and/or wired communications circuitry. Circuitry  14  and/or  26 , which may sometimes be referred to as control circuitry and/or control and communications circuitry, may, for example, support bidirectional wireless communications between devices  10  and  24  over wireless link  38  (e.g., a wireless local area network link, a near-field communications link, or other suitable wired or wireless communications link (e.g., a Bluetooth® link, a WiFi® link, a 60 GHz link or other millimeter wave link, etc.). Devices  10  and  24  may also include power circuits for transmitting and/or receiving wired and/or wireless power and may include batteries. In configurations in which wireless power transfer is supported between devices  10  and  24 , in-band wireless communications may be supported using inductive power transfer coils (as an example). 
     Devices  10  and  24  may include input-output devices such as devices  16  and  30 . Input-output devices  16  and/or  30  may be used in gathering user input, in gathering information on the environment surrounding the user, and/or in providing a user with output. Devices  16  may include sensors  18  and devices  24  may include sensors  32 . Sensors  18  and/or  32  may include force sensors (e.g., strain gauges, capacitive force sensors, resistive force sensors, etc.), audio sensors such as microphones, touch and/or proximity sensors such as capacitive sensors (e.g., two-dimensional touch sensors), optical sensors such as optical sensors that emit and detect light, ultrasonic sensors, and/or other touch sensors and/or proximity sensors, monochromatic and color ambient light sensors, image sensors, fingerprint sensors, temperature sensors, sensors for measuring three-dimensional non-contact gestures (“air gestures”), pressure sensors, sensors for detecting position, orientation, and/or motion (e.g., accelerometers, magnetic sensors such as compass sensors, gyroscopes, and/or inertial measurement units that contain some or all of these sensors), health sensors such as sensors for measuring blood oxygen content and heart rates sensors, radio-frequency sensors (e.g., sensors that gather position information, three-dimensional radio-frequency images, and/or other information using radar principals or other radio-frequency sensing, sensors that detect position, orientation, and/or motion relative to other objects using Bluetooth® positioning techniques or using Ultra-wideband positioning techniques), muscle activity sensors (EMG) for detecting finger actions, optical sensors such as self-mixing sensors and light detection and ranging (lidar) sensors that gather time-of-flight measurements, optical sensors such as visual odometry sensors that gather position and/or orientation information using images gathered with digital image sensors in cameras, gaze tracking sensors, visible light and/or infrared cameras having digital image sensors, humidity sensors, moisture sensors, three-dimensional sensors (e.g., time-of-flight image sensors, pairs of two-dimensional image sensors that gather three-dimensional images using binocular vision, three-dimensional structured light sensors that emit an array of infrared light beams or other structured light using arrays of lasers or other light emitters and associated optical components and that capture images of the spots created as the beams illuminate target objects, and/or other three-dimensional image sensors), facial recognition sensors based on three-dimensional image sensors, and/or other sensors, gas sensors, and/or other sensors. In some arrangements, devices  10  and/or  24  may use sensors  18  and/or  32  and/or other input-output devices  16  and/or  30  to gather user input (e.g., buttons may be used to gather button press input, touch sensors overlapping displays can be used for gathering user touch screen input, touch pads may be used in gathering touch input, microphones may be used for gathering audio input, accelerometers may be used in monitoring when a finger contacts an input surface and may therefore be used to gather finger press input, etc.). If desired, device  10  and/or device  24  may include rotating buttons (e.g., a crown mechanism on a watch or finger device or other suitable rotary button that rotates and that optionally can be depressed to select items of interest). Alphanumeric keys and/or other buttons may be included in devices  16  and/or  30 . 
     Devices  16  and/or  30  may include haptic output devices  20  and/or  34 . Haptic output devices  20  and/or  34  can produce motion that is sensed by the user (e.g., through the user&#39;s fingertips). Haptic output devices  20  and/or  34  may include actuators such as electromagnetic actuators, motors, piezoelectric actuators, electroactive polymer actuators, vibrators, linear actuators, rotational actuators, actuators that bend bendable members, actuator devices that create and/or control repulsive and/or attractive forces between devices  10  and/or  24  (e.g., components for creating electrostatic repulsion and/or attraction such as electrodes, components for producing ultrasonic output such as ultrasonic transducers, components for producing magnetic interactions such as electromagnets for producing direct-current and/or alternating-current magnetic fields, permanent magnets, magnetic materials such as iron or ferrite, and/or other circuitry for producing repulsive and/or attractive forces between devices  10  and/or  24 ). In some situations, actuators for creating forces in device  10  may be used in squeezing a user&#39;s finger and/or otherwise directly interacting with a user&#39;s finger pulp. In other situations, these components may be used to interact with each other (e.g., by creating a dynamically adjustable electromagnetic repulsion and/or attraction force between a pair of devices  10  and/or between device(s)  10  and device(s)  24  using electromagnets). 
     If desired, input-output devices  16  and/or  30  may include other devices  22  and/or  36  such as displays (e.g., in device  24  to display images for a user), status indicator lights (e.g., a light-emitting diode in device  10  and/or  24  that serves as a power indicator, and other light-based output devices), speakers and other audio output devices, electromagnets, permanent magnets, structures formed from magnetic material (e.g., iron bars or other ferromagnetic members that are attracted to magnets such as electromagnets and/or permanent magnets), batteries, etc. Devices  10  and/or  24  may also include power transmitting and/or receiving circuits configured to transmit and/or receive wired and/or wireless power signals (e.g., wireless power transmitting coils and wireless power receiving coils, capacitive electrodes for wireless power transmission and/or wireless power reception, etc.). 
       FIG. 2  is a top view of a user&#39;s finger (finger  40 ) and an illustrative finger-mounted device  10 . As shown in  FIG. 2 , device  10  may be formed from a finger-mounted unit that is mounted on or near the tip of finger  40  (e.g., partly or completely overlapping fingernail  42 ). If desired, device  10  may be worn elsewhere on a user&#39;s fingers such as over a knuckle, between knuckles, etc. Configurations in which a device such as device  10  is worn between fingers  40  and/or in which a device such as device  10  has a housing configured to be worn on other body parts of a user may also be used. 
     A user may wear one or more of devices  10  simultaneously. For example, a user may wear a single one of devices  10  on the user&#39;s ring finger or index finger. As another example, a user may wear a first device  10  on the user&#39;s thumb, a second device  10  on the user&#39;s index finger, and an optional third device  10  on the user&#39;s middle finger. Arrangements in which devices  10  are worn on other fingers and/or all fingers of one or both hands of a user may also be used. 
     Control circuitry  12  (and, if desired, communications circuitry  14  and/or input-output devices  16 ) may be contained entirely within device  10  (e.g., in a housing for a fingertip-mounted unit) and/or may include circuitry that is coupled to a fingertip structure (e.g., by wires from an associated wrist band, glove, fingerless glove, etc.). Configurations in which devices  10  have bodies that are mounted on individual user fingertips are sometimes described herein as an example. 
       FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative finger device (finger-mounted device)  10  showing illustrative mounting locations  46  for electrical components (e.g., control circuitry  12 , communications circuitry  14 , and/or input-output devices  16 ) within and/or on the surface(s) of finger device housing  44 . These components may, if desired, be incorporated into other portions of housing  44 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 3 , housing  44  may have a U shape (e.g., housing  44  may be a U-shaped housing structure that faces downwardly and covers the upper surface of the tip of user finger  40  and fingernail  42 ). During operation, a user may press against structures such as structure  50 . As the bottom of finger  40  (e.g., finger pulp  40 P) presses against surface  48  of structure  50 , the user&#39;s finger may compress and force portions of the finger outwardly against the sidewall portions of housing  44  (e.g., for sensing by force sensors or other sensors mounted to the side portions of housing  44 ). Lateral movement of finger  40  in the X-Y plane may also be sensed using force sensors or other sensors on the sidewalls of housing  44  or other portions of housing  44  (e.g., because lateral movement will tend to press portions of finger  40  against some sensors more than others and/or will create shear forces that are measured by force sensors that are configured to sense shear forces). 
     Ultrasonic sensors, optical sensors, inertial measurement units, strain gauges and other force sensors, radio-frequency sensors, and/or other sensors may be used in gathering sensor measurements indicative of the activities of finger  40 . If desired, these sensors may also be used in mapping the contours of three-dimensional objects (e.g., by time-of-flight measurements and/or other measurements). For example, an ultrasonic sensor such as a two-dimensional image sensor or an ultrasonic sensor with a single ultrasonic transducer element may emit free-space ultrasonic sound signals that are received and processed after reflecting off of external objects. This allows a three-dimensional ultrasonic map to be generated indicating the shapes and locations of the external objects. 
     In some configurations, finger activity information (position, movement, orientation, etc.) may be gathered using sensors that are mounted in external electronic equipment (e.g., in a computer or other desktop device, in a head-mounted device or other wearable device, and/or in other electronic device  24  that is separate from device  10 ). For example, optical sensors such as images sensors that are separate from devices  10  may be used in monitoring devices  10  to determine their position, movement, and/or orientation. If desired, devices  10  may include passive and/or active optical registration features to assist an image sensor in device  24  in tracking the position, orientation, and/or motion of device  10 . For example, devices  10  may include light-emitting devices such as light-emitting diodes and/or lasers. The light-emitting devices may be arranged in an asymmetric pattern on housing  44  and may emit light that is detected by an image sensor, depth sensor, and/or other light-based tracking sensor circuitry in device  24 . By processing the received patterned of emitted light, device  24  can determine the position, orientation, and/or motion of device  10 . 
     Tracking can also be performed that involves extrapolating from a known body part orientation (e.g., a finger orientation) to produce orientation information on other body parts (e.g., wrist and/or arm orientation estimated using inverse kinematics). Visual odometry sensors may, if desired, be included in devices  10 . These sensors may include image sensors that gather frames of image data of the surroundings of devices  10  and may be used in measuring position, orientation, and/or motion from the frame of image data. Lidar, ultrasonic sensors oriented in multiple directions, radio-frequency tracking sensors, and/or other finger device tracking arrangements may be used, if desired. In some arrangements, user input for controlling system  8  can include both user finger input and other user input (e.g., user eye gaze input, user voice input, etc.). For example, gaze tracking information such as a user&#39;s point-of-gaze measured with a gaze tracker can be fused with finger input when controlling device  10  and/or devices  24  in system  8 . The finger input may include information on finger orientation, position, and/or motion and may include information on how forcefully a finger is pressing against surfaces (e.g., force information). 
     The sensors in device  10  may, for example, measure how forcefully a user is moving device  10  (and finger  40 ) against surface  48  (e.g., in a direction parallel to the surface normal n of surface  48  such as the −Z direction of  FIG. 3 ) and/or how forcefully a user is moving device  10  (and finger  40 ) within the X-Y plane, tangential to surface  48 . The direction of movement of device  10  in the X-Y plane and/or in the Z direction can also be measured by the force sensors and/or other sensors  18  at locations  46 . 
     Structure  50  may be a portion of a housing of device  24 , may be a portion of another device  10  (e.g., another housing  44 ), may be a portion of a user&#39;s finger  40  or other body part, may be a surface of a real-world object such as a table, a movable real-world object such as a bottle or pen, or other inanimate object external to device  10 , and/or may be any other structure that the user can contact with finger  40  while moving finger  40  in a desired direction with a desired force. Because motions such as these can be sensed by device  10 , device(s)  10  can be used to gather pointing input (e.g., input moving a cursor or other virtual object on a display such as a display in devices  36 ), can be used to gather tap input, swipe input, pinch-to-zoom input (e.g., when a pair of devices  10  is used), or other gesture input (e.g., finger gestures, hand gestures, arm motions, etc.), and/or can be used to gather other user input. 
     In general, user input gathered by device  10  may be used in controlling any suitable operations in system  8 . As an example, system  8  (e.g., one or more devices such as device  24  and/or other equipment in system  8 ) may change the content displayed for a user by a display device (e.g., a head-mounted display in a head-mounted device or other display) in response to the user input. A pointer may be moved within a displayed image (e.g., to point to a virtual object or real-world object in the user&#39;s field of view), lines may be drawn by moving a pointer or virtual paintbrush, content can be scrolled (e.g., in response to user scroll up and scroll down commands received by monitoring deformation of the item), etc. Highlight regions (e.g., a computer-generated visual highlighting element such as a ring, enlarged area, brightened or darkened area, etc.) may also be moved in response to user input. User input may be used to direct system  8  to select highlighted items (e.g., to launch an application, to select media for playback, to perform a file action such as deleting, copying, renaming, etc.). If desired, user input may be used to change pages of displayed content (e.g., to advance through pages in a visual presentation, to move through the pages of a book, etc.). User input may also be used to adjust audio settings, to select a media track, to perform fast forward, reverse, pause, stop, and play operations, and/or to otherwise control the playback of media content containing video, audio, and/or haptic feedback. System  8  may have user adjustable settings such as account settings, user playback settings, and/or other settings. User input from device  10  may be used in adjusting these settings and/or other adjustable parameters in system  8 . Device  10  may, as an example, provide finger input information directly to device  24  (e.g., a head-mounted display device) or may provide finger input information to a first device (e.g., a computer or cellular telephone serving as a host) while the first device uses a display in a second device (e.g., a display in a head-mounted device) to display content in response to the finger input information. 
     If desired, finger device  10  may be placed on a user&#39;s finger by pressing housing  44  into place over the top of the tip of the finger. This type of arrangement, which may sometimes be referred to as a press-fit or friction-fit arrangement, may accommodate a range of finger sizes, particularly in configurations in which housing  44  has portions that deform (e.g., by flexing). When it is desired to remove device  10  from the user&#39;s finger, housing  44  may be pulled off of the tip of the user&#39;s finger. 
     Another illustrative arrangement involves providing device  10  with one or more hinges or other structures that allow device  10  to fold and unfold. When it is desired to attach device  10  to the user&#39;s finger, device  10  can be folded into its folded state so that device  10  squeezes inwardly against the sides of the user&#39;s finger. When it is desired to remove device  10  from the user&#39;s finger, device  10  can be unfolded and thereby freed from the finger. 
       FIG. 4  is a perspective view of finger device  10  in an illustrative configuration in which device  10  is foldable. In the example of  FIG. 4 , housing  44  of device  10  has an upper housing portion  44 T that spans the upper portion of the user&#39;s finger and has opposing left and right side housing portions  44 F that respectively press against the left and right sides of the user&#39;s finger. Hinge structures formed from one or more hinges may be provided in housing  44  to allow housing  44  to fold and unfold. 
     As a first example, a single hinge may be formed along the center of housing portion  44 T to allow housing  44  to fold and unfold by rotation about rotational (fold) axis  52 . 
     As a second example, a pair of parallel hinges may be formed in housing  44 . A first of the hinges may extend along first fold axis (hinge axis)  54  and a second of the hinges may extend along a parallel fold axis such as second fold axis (hinge axis)  56 . In this type of arrangement, housing  44  may fold along both axis  54  and axis  56 . In some configurations, the hinges may include interlocking elements that impart rotational friction (e.g., the hinges may be friction hinges) to help lock the fold position of device  10 . In other configurations, rotational friction from the hinges may be reduced. 
     In general, a single hinge, a pair of hinges, or three or more hinges or other foldable structures may be provided in housing  44  to allow device  10  to fold (and unfold). Configurations in which housing  44  folds about a single hinge may sometimes be described herein as an example. This is illustrative. Any suitable hinge structures may be used, if desired. 
     Device  10  may be held in a desired shape using friction hinges and/or device  10  may be provided with bistability structures such as magnets or bistable spring structures that provide housing  44  with folding bistability.  FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional view of an illustrative finger device in an illustrative configuration using magnets to provide bistability. As shown in  FIG. 5 , upper housing portion  44 T has first portion  44 T- 1  and second portion  44 T- 2  that are joined by hinge  58  and configured to rotate about fold axis  52 . Magnets  60  are provided in housing  44 . In the example of  FIG. 5 , magnets  60  are aligned so that the magnetic axis of each magnet is horizontal. Other configurations (e.g., configurations with diagonally oriented magnetic axes) may be used, if desired. Magnets  60  may be formed from discrete magnet structures (e.g., individual magnets) or may be formed from magnetic material that has multiple polarization zones forming physically continuous and magnetically separate magnets serving as a magnet array. Configurations in which magnets  60  are individual magnets may sometimes be described as an example. In general, each magnet  60  may include one or more magnetic polarization zones and/or multiple individual magnets. 
     When portions  44 T- 1  and  44 T- 2  of  FIG. 5  are horizontally aligned, magnets  60  attract each other (e.g., because the south pole of the left magnet faces the north pole of the right magnet). Nevertheless, the even alignment of portions  44 T- 1  and  44 T- 2  on opposing sides of hinge  58  tends to prevent any movement of portions  44 T- 1  and  44 T- 2  relative to each other. 
     When portions  44 T- 1  and  44 T- 2  are moved in directions  70  to open device  10 , housing  44  begins to unfold outwardly about fold axis  52 . The movement of portions  44 T- 1  and  44 T- 2  in directions  70  tends to bring the north pole of the left magnet into alignment with the south pole of the right magnet. As a result, these poles of magnets  60  are attracted towards each other in directions  64 , helping to move portions  44 T- 1  and  44 T- 2  further in directions  70  to snap open device  10 . This movement continues until stopped by stop structures in hinge  58  or until housing portions  44 T- 1  and  44 T- 2  can otherwise no longer unfold any further. Similarly, when portions  44 T- 1  and  44 T- 2  are moved in directions  72  to close device  10  around a user&#39;s finger, housing  44  begins to fold inwardly about fold axis  52 . The movement of portions  44 T- 1  and  44 T- 2  in directions  72  tends to bring the north pole of the left magnet into alignment with the south pole of the right magnet. As a result, these poles of magnets  60  are attracted towards each other in directions in directions  68 , helping to move portions  44 T- 1  and  44 T- 2  further in directions  72 . Portions  44 T- 1  and  44 T- 2  therefore move inwardly as much as possible toward the sides of the user&#39;s finger, snapping device  10  shut, squeezing housing  44  around the user&#39;s finger, and securing device  10  to the user&#39;s finger. 
     As this example demonstrates, the inclusion of magnets  60  in portions  44 T- 1  and  44 T- 2  of housing  44  therefore creates folding bistability. In a first stable state (sometimes referred to as the open or unfolded state), the left and right sides of housing  44  are moved in directions  70 , so that housing portions  44 F click open to release the user&#39;s finger. In a second stable state (sometimes referred to as the closed or folded state), the left and right sides of housing  44  are moved in directions  72 , so that housing portions  44 F click closed and grip the user&#39;s finger. The condition where housing portions  44 T- 1  and  44 T- 2  are horizontally aligned across hinge  58  corresponds to an unstable condition that separates the first and second stable states. Housing  44  tends not to remain in the unstable condition, because the first and second states are favored and more stable. 
     In the example of  FIG. 5 , hinge  58  is located between magnets  60 . If desired, hinge  58  may be offset from the line of the magnets to put the unstable equilibrium at any desired place and so make the equilibrium angle any desired value. 
     If desired, bistability may be provided using other types of bistable elements (e.g., springs). The use of magnets to provide device  10  with folding bistability is illustrative. 
     When device  10  is provided with folding bistability, device  10  will tend to snap into place about a user&#39;s finger during folding operations. Device  10  will remain attached to the user&#39;s finger unless sufficient unfolding force is applied to device  10 . Once device  10  is sufficiently unfolded, device  10  will tend to snap into its unfolded state. 
     An item such as a base may be provided with magnets or other structures to help a user attach and remove finger device  10 . The base, which may sometimes be referred to as a stand, dock, storage structure, or garage, may be a stand-alone item (e.g., a countertop dock, a removable battery case, etc.) or may form part of an electronic device such as a wearable electronic device. In some configurations, such as when the base forms a battery case, the housing of the base forms an enclosure with an interior region that is configured to receive device  10 . As described in connection with the example of  FIG. 5 , hinge  58  may, if desired, be offset from an axis that extends between magnets  58  to put the unstable equilibrium at any desired place and so make the equilibrium angle any desired value (e.g., to facilitate the opening and/or closing of device  10  as device  10  is stowed on the base and removed from the base). 
     Magnets in the item may, for example, help hold device  10  in its open state while a user inserts a finger between side portions  44 F of housing  44 . Consider, as an example, base  74  of  FIG. 6A . As shown in  FIG. 6A , device  10  may be placed upside down on base  74  so that magnets  60  of device  10  are attracted to corresponding magnets  76  of base  74 . This holds device  10  in an open configuration. Support structures for device  10  such as base  74  may include circuitry such as the circuitry of device  10  and/or device  24  of  FIG. 1 . For example, bases such as base  74  may have wireless power circuitry  78 . Device  10  may also have wireless power circuitry  78 . Using wireless power circuitry  78  (e.g., coils for transmitting and/or receiving wireless power, etc.) base  74  may charge a battery in device  10 . For example, base  74  may wirelessly transmit power from a battery in base  74  or may wirelessly transmit power received from a wall outlet or other power source to device  10 . Device  10  may receive this wireless power and may use the received power to charge an internal battery and/or power other circuitry in device  10 . 
     When a user desires to use device  10 , the user may insert finger  40  between housing portions  44 F (with fingernail  42  facing down in the example of  FIG. 6A ). The user may then slide device  10  in direction Z (into the page of  FIG. 6A ). 
       FIGS. 6B and 6C  are cross-sectional side views of an illustrative finger device in respective first and second stable states. 
     In the configuration of  FIG. 6B , device  10  is in a first stable state in which housing portions  44 F are biased inwardly and grip the sides of finger  40 . In this state, a user is wearing and using device  10 . An air gap  59  may be present at the top of finger  40  above fingernail  42 . When a user desires to remove device  10  from finger  40  for storage, device  10  may be pressed against base  74  ( FIG. 6C ), causing hinge  58  to move towards fingernail  42  (e.g. to eliminate air gap  59 ). The movement of hinge  58  towards fingernail  42  causes housing portions  44 F to move outwardly in directions  61  of  FIG. 6C , thereby releasing finger  40 . After finger  40  has been removed from device  10 , magnets  76  and  60  hold device  10  against base  74  so that device  10  may remain in a second stable state in which device  10  is stored on base  74  for subsequent use. 
     As shown in  FIG. 7 , magnets  76  may be located at only one end of base  74 . When housing  44  is located over magnets  76 , magnets  76  attract magnets  60  in housing  44  and hold device  10  open. When housing  44  is slid in direction Z by finger  40  to location  44 ′, magnets  60  move out of alignment with magnets  76 . As a result, magnets  60  are released from magnets  76  when housing  44  is in position  44 ′. Housing  44  therefore folds about finger  42 . The user may then lift finger  42  and device  10  away from base  74  in direction  80  so that device  10  may be used to control equipment in system  8 . 
       FIG. 8  is a cross-sectional view of device  10  in an illustrative configuration in which device  10  has a hinge structure formed from a pair of parallel hinges. As shown in  FIG. 8 , hinge  58  (sometimes referred to as hinge structures, hinges, etc.) includes first hinge  58 - 1  that allows the left side of housing  44  and a center portion of housing  44  to rotate with respect to each other about axis  54  and second hinge  58 - 2  that allows the right side of housing  44  and the center portion of housing  44  to rotate with respect to each other about axis  56 . This hinge structure configuration allows housing portions  44 F to fold relative to each other to attach and detach device  10  from a user&#39;s finger. Magnets  60  (e.g., neodymium magnets or other permanent magnets) include a left magnet, a center magnet, and a right magnet with aligned poles and correspondingly aligned magnetic axes. This arrangement provides housing  44  with folding bistability about axis  54  and folding bistability about axis  56 . 
     If desired, gears or other structures may be used for synchronizing the motion of separate housing portions in device  10  during folding and unfolding operations. Consider, as an example, device  10  of  FIG. 9 . As shown in  FIG. 9 , housing portion  44 T- 1  may have first gear  82 , which rotates about axis  54 , and housing portion  44 T- 2  may have an interlocked second gear  84 , which rotates about axis  56 . The teeth of gears  82  and  84  mesh with each other, so that folding movement of one of side portions  44 F induces a synchronized folding movement of the other of side portions  44 . This helps ensure that folding of the sides of device  10  is symmetric with respect to central housing portion  44 C. 
       FIG. 10  is a side view of device  10  being deployed from a base by upward movement of finger  40 . A shown in  FIG. 10 , housing  44  of device  10  may have magnets  60  that are attracted to magnets  76  in base  74  for storage of device  10 . When it is desired to detach device  10  from base  74  and to attach device  10  to finger  40 , a user may move finger  40  upwards in direction  90 , thereby pressing the middle of housing  44  and hinge  58  upward into recess  92  of the housing of base  74 . The shape of housing  44  creates lever arms that cause magnets  60  to separate downwardly from magnets  76  as housing  44  is pushed upwards, thereby releasing device  10  onto the user&#39;s finger. Magnets  60  may provide folding bistability, so that device  10  snaps onto finger  40  once released from base  74 . 
       FIG. 11  is a side view of another illustrative base arrangement. In the example of  FIG. 11 , base  74  has magnets  76  that attract magnets  60  in housing  44  of device  10  to hold device  10  in place for storage. When a user desires to wear device  10 , the user places finger  40  onto button  94  and presses downwardly in direction  106  to compress button spring  108 . This moves linkage members  96  in directions  100  and moves magnets  98  at the end of members  96  in directions  100 . Magnets  98  may attract magnets  60  or other magnets such as magnets  60 ′, so that movement of linkage members  96  in directions  100  causes the sides of housing  44  to move downwardly in directions  100 , thereby folding device  10  about finger  40 . Finger  40  and device  10  may then be removed from base  74 . 
     In the illustrative configuration of  FIG. 12 , base  74  has movable side members  102  that are pulled in directions  100  by linkage members  96  when button  94  is depressed to compress spring  108 . When a user presses downwardly on button  94  in direction  106 , members  102  fold device  10  onto finger  40 , releasing magnets  60  in housing  44  from magnet  76  of base  74 . 
       FIG. 13  shows how control circuitry  12  in base  74  (see, e.g., control circuitry  12  of device  10  of  FIG. 1 ), may be used in releasing device  10 . As shown in  FIG. 13 , base  74  may have a sensor such as sensor  110  that senses when finger  40  is approaching device  10  in direction  112 . Sensor  110  may be, for example, an optical proximity sensor, a capacitive proximity sensor, a force sensor that detects pressure on base  74 , a touch sensor, and/or other sensor that senses the presence of finger  40 . In response to sensing the presence of finger  40 , control circuitry  12  adjusts switchable magnets  76 ′ to repel rather than attract magnets  60 . This forces the sides of housing  44  upward to fold about hinge  58  onto finger  40 . 
       FIG. 14  is a cross-sectional top view of device  10  and base  74  in an illustrative configuration in which a longitudinally actuated button is used to deploy device  10 . In the example of  FIG. 14 , base  74  has a button such as button  120 . Spring  122  is coupled between button  120  of base  74  and support structure  124  of base  74 . When a user desires to wear device  10 , the user places finger  40  between side portions  44 F of device  10 . Top housing portion  44 T, which is not shown in  FIG. 14 , links portions  44 F together. In the position shown in  FIG. 14 , button  120  rests between side portions  44 F, overcoming the inward force produced by side portions  44 F due to the folding bistability of device  10 . This holds portions  44 F apart and allows the user to place finger  40  between side portions  44 F. The user may then press button  120  in direction  126 , thereby compressing springs  122  and sliding button  120  out from between portions  44 F. When button  120  is no longer between portions  44 F, portions  44 F move towards each other in directions  128  and device  10  folds onto finger  40 . 
     In the example of  FIG. 15 , housing  44  has protrusion  44 P. During device storage, magnets  76  in movable members  130  of base  74  are aligned with magnets  60  in housing  44  of device  10 , thereby holding device  10  against base  74 . When a user desires to wear device  10 , the user may push finger  40  upwards in direction  134 . This causes the slanted surfaces of protrusion  134  to press members  130  outwardly in directions  132 . As members  130  move away from each other, magnets  76  are moved out of alignment with magnets  60 , thereby releasing device  10 . When device  10  is released from base  74 , the folding bistability provided by magnets  60  snaps housing  44  onto finger  40 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 16 , two of devices  10  may be attached back to back using magnets  60 . When a user desires to wear devices  10  on fingers  40 , fingers  40  may be pressed inwardly between the sides of housings  44  in directions  140 . This causes portions of housing  44  in each of devices  10  to bear against each other, moving magnets  60  in opposing devices  10  apart from each other. When magnets  60  are moved sufficiently far apart, devices  10  will release each other. The folding bistability of devices  10  will then cause each device  10  to snap closed on a respective finger  40 . 
     In addition to or instead of using magnets to provide device  10  with folding bistability, device  10  may include bistable springs or other bistability components to provide bistability to the folding of device  10 . Consider, as an example, bistable spring  150  of  FIG. 17 . Bistable spring  150 , which may be formed from spring metal, polymer, or other suitable material, has a curved-cross-sectional profile and is elongated to form a strip that runs into the page of  FIG. 17 . Spring  150  exhibits two stable states. In the first stable state, spring  150  has a first shape (e.g., spring  150  may be straight as shown in  FIG. 17 ). In the second stable state, spring  150  is bent into a second shape. For example, spring  150  may be bent about bend axis  52  sufficiently to cause the curved cross-sectional profile of spring  150  to flatten out along at least part of the length of spring  150 . 
     Bistable spring  150  may be used to provide device  10  with folding bistability. For example, spring  150  may span hinge  58  and couple portions of housing  44  on opposing sides of hinge  58  together. When spring  150  is in its first state, side housing portions  44 F are moved away from each other and device  10  is unfolded to receive a user&#39;s finger. When the user&#39;s finger is inserted into device  10  and presses upward on hinge  58 , spring  150  bends into its second stable state, allowing side portions  44 F to move towards each other. Magnets or other structures may help pull sides  44 F together or bistable structures such as spring  150  may help bias sides  44 F towards each other as device  10  is folded onto the user&#39;s finger. 
     In the example of  FIG. 19 , bistable spring  150  is hollow and contains internal circuitry (see, e.g., control circuitry  12  and other circuitry of device  10  of  FIG. 1 ). Spring  150  may serve as some or all of housing  44  of device  10 . In its first stable state, spring  150  is straight (see first stable position  150 ′). This allows spring  150  to be removed from finger  40 . When it is desired to wear device  10 , a user may wrap spring  150  fully or partly around finger  40 . This causes spring  150  to enter a stabled wrapped state (second stable position  150 ″), where device  10  is attached to finger  40 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 20 , device  10  may have housing portions that deploy by sliding. In particular, housing  44  of device  10  may have side portions  44 F that are slidably engaged with top portion  44 T. Structures  153  (e.g., interlocking corrugations, magnets, friction pads, etc.) may be used to help hold fingers  44 F in desired locations. When it is desired to remove device  10  from a user&#39;s finger, side portions  44 F are retracted in directions  152  by sliding portions  44 F inwardly. When it is desired to attach device  10  to a user&#39;s finger, side portions  44 F are extended in directions  154  by sliding portions  44 F outwardly to cover side portions of the user&#39;s fingertip. 
     Device  10  may be provided with structures that engage portions of finger  40  (e.g., the tip of finger  40 , nail  42 , portions of finger  40  and/or nail  42  at the cuticle of finger  40 , portions of a knuckle of finger  40 , etc.). Housing  44  of device  10  may, for example, be provided with a finger engagement structure such as engagement structure  44 D of  FIG. 21 . Engagement structure  44 D, which may sometimes be referred to as a reference datum, reference structure, or datum, serves as a datum that helps ensure that housing  44  is positioned in a desired longitudinal alignment with respect to the longitudinal axis of finger  44  when device  10  is being worn (e.g., structure  44 D may help locate device  10  at a desired distance back from the tip of finger  40 , etc.). Engagement structure  44 D may engage the tip of the user&#39;s finger, the user&#39;s cuticle, and/or other portions of finger  40 . 
       FIG. 22  is a cross-sectional side view of device  10  in an illustrative configuration in which housing portions  44 F have clip extensions that form a spring-based clip. Hinge  58  may have a spring and/or housing  44  may be provided with magnets that help bias side portions  44 F toward each other to fold device  10  onto a user&#39;s finger. When it is desired to remove device  10  from the user&#39;s finger, the user may squeeze clip extensions  44 FE inwardly in directions  156 , thereby causing opposing side portions  44 F to swing outwardly in directions  158  to release the user&#39;s finger. 
     When device  10  is stored on base  74 , base  74  may transfer wireless power to device  10 , may transfer power via electrodes that contact mating electrodes in device  10  (e.g., electrodes forming a wired connection), may communicate wirelessly and/or via a wired connection with device  10 , may surround and protect device  10  (e.g., when base  74  forms an enclosure for device  10 ), and may support device  10  in an arrangement that facilitates deployment of device  10  (e.g., using a storage arrangement that has releasable magnets or other deployment structure to help place device  10  onto a user&#39;s finger when it is desired to wear device  10 ). Base  74  may have a power adapter that converts alternating-current power from a wall outlet to direct-current power. This power may then be provided to device  10  wirelessly or via a wired connection to charge a battery in device  10 . If desired, base  74  may have a battery that supplies the direct-current power. Base  74  may be configured to rest on a table top or other support surface, may be a wearable device, may be a removable case (e.g., a removable cover or other enclosure formed from fabric, polymer, metal, glass, ceramic, and/or other materials), and/or may have other suitable form factor. In some configurations, head-mounted devices and other electronic devices in system  8  (e.g., device  24  of  FIG. 1 ) may serve as support structures for device  10  (e.g., device  24  can serve as a base for device  10 ). 
     In the example of  FIG. 23 , base  74  has a cylindrical shape and housing  44  of device  10  is received within a recess in base  74  when stored. Base  74  may have a cube shape, a conical shape, a spherical shape, other shapes, and/or combinations of these shapes. The cylindrical shape of the housing of base  74  of  FIG. 23  is illustrative. 
       FIG. 24  is a top view of base  74  in an illustrative configuration in which base  74  serves as a removable storage case. In the example of  FIG. 24 , base  74  has first recess (opening)  160  and second recess (opening)  162 . Recess  160  has a size and shape configured to receive electronic device  24  for storage in the interior of base  74 . For example, recess  160  may be configured to receive and store a head-mounted device. Recess  162  has a size and shape configured to receive finger device  10  for storage in the interior of base  74 , as shown in  FIG. 24 . Optional lid  163  may be folded to cover recesses  160  and  162  (e.g., to provide added protection). Base  74  may include magnets that are adjacent to an interior surface of recess  162 , thereby allowing device  10  to be stored against that surface when inserted in recess  162 . Switchable magnets, movable members actuated by a movable finger button, and/or any other suitable deployment structures may be used to help a user fold device  10  onto the user&#39;s finger when it is desired to remove device  10  from base  74  for use in system  8 . 
       FIG. 25  is a perspective view of base  74  in a configuration in which the housing of base  74  has one or more recesses such as recess  162  to receive one or more finger devices  10  but does not include a recess to receive a head-mounted device (as an example). An optional hinged lid such as lid  163  or other movable structure may be used to selectively cover recesses such as recess  162 . 
     If desired, device  10  may be stored on an exterior surface of device  24 . As an example, device  24  may be a wearable device such as a head-mounted device with structures that allow device  24  to serve as a base for device  10 . As shown in  FIG. 26 , a head-mounted device may have a head-mounted support structure such as strap  164 . Magnets may be mounted in strap  164  to attract corresponding magnets in housing  44 . This allows device  10  to be magnetically attached to an outwardly facing surface of strap  164 . During use of device  24 , a user may place a finger within housing  44 . The folding bistability of device  44  allows housing  44  to snap closed on the finger. When it is desired to store device  10  for later use, device  10  can be placed on the exterior of strap  164  (e.g., while a user wears strap  164  and the rest of the head-mounted device on the user&#39;s head). 
       FIG. 27  is a top view of a wearable device configured to store finger devices  10 . As shown in  FIG. 27 , device  24  may include a main unit such as unit  170 . Unit  170  may include a display for displaying images for a user, control circuitry, and other circuitry. Unit  170  may be mounted over a user&#39;s eyes. Unit  170  and strap  164  may be configured to be worn by a user on the user&#39;s head (e.g., head  168 ). 
     Strap  164  may contain magnets to magnetically store finger devices. For example, magnets may be placed within strap  164  so that a finger device may be removably stored in a top-down orientation on an exterior surface of strap  164 , as shown by illustrative finger device  10 A. When a user desires to remove device  10 A to wear device  10 A on finger  40 , the user may insert finger  40  into device  10 A with fingernail  42  facing strap  164 , as shown in  FIG. 27 . 
     If desired, device  24  may have structures such as housing structures  24 H with magnets that attract magnets in a finger device. As shown by illustrative device  10 B of  FIG. 27 , the magnets may be located in portion  24 H′ of housing structures  24 H so that device  10 B may be stored in structures  24 H in a top-up orientation (e.g., an orientation in which the upper portion of housing  44  faces away from strap  164 ). When a user desires to remove device  10 B to wear device  10 B on finger  40 , the user may insert finger  40  into device  10 B with fingernail  42  facing away from strap  164 , as shown in  FIG. 27 . Multiple devices  10  may be stored in top-down and top-up configurations and/or multiple devices  10  may be stored on opposing sides of head  168 . The arrangement of  FIG. 27  is illustrative. 
     As described above, one aspect of the present technology is the gathering and use of information such as information from input-output devices. The present disclosure contemplates that in some instances, data may be gathered that includes personal information data that uniquely identifies or can be used to contact or locate a specific person. Such personal information data can include demographic data, location-based data, telephone numbers, email addresses, twitter ID&#39;s, home addresses, data or records relating to a user&#39;s health or level of fitness (e.g., vital signs measurements, medication information, exercise information), date of birth, username, password, biometric information, or any other identifying or personal information. 
     The present disclosure recognizes that the use of such personal information, in the present technology, can be used to the benefit of users. For example, the personal information data can be used to deliver targeted content that is of greater interest to the user. Accordingly, use of such personal information data enables users to calculated control of the delivered content. Further, other uses for personal information data that benefit the user are also contemplated by the present disclosure. For instance, health and fitness data may be used to provide insights into a user&#39;s general wellness, or may be used as positive feedback to individuals using technology to pursue wellness goals. 
     The present disclosure contemplates that the entities responsible for the collection, analysis, disclosure, transfer, storage, or other use of such personal information data will comply with well-established privacy policies and/or privacy practices. In particular, such entities should implement and consistently use privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining personal information data private and secure. Such policies should be easily accessible by users, and should be updated as the collection and/or use of data changes. Personal information from users should be collected for legitimate and reasonable uses of the entity and not shared or sold outside of those legitimate uses. Further, such collection/sharing should occur after receiving the informed consent of the users. Additionally, such entities should consider taking any needed steps for safeguarding and securing access to such personal information data and ensuring that others with access to the personal information data adhere to their privacy policies and procedures. Further, such entities can subject themselves to evaluation by third parties to certify their adherence to widely accepted privacy policies and practices. In addition, policies and practices should be adapted for the particular types of personal information data being collected and/or accessed and adapted to applicable laws and standards, including jurisdiction-specific considerations. For instance, in the United States, collection of or access to certain health data may be governed by federal and/or state laws, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), whereas health data in other countries may be subject to other regulations and policies and should be handled accordingly. Hence different privacy practices should be maintained for different personal data types in each country. 
     Despite the foregoing, the present disclosure also contemplates embodiments in which users selectively block the use of, or access to, personal information data. That is, the present disclosure contemplates that hardware and/or software elements can be provided to prevent or block access to such personal information data. For example, the present technology can be configured to allow users to select to “opt in” or “opt out” of participation in the collection of personal information data during registration for services or anytime thereafter. In another example, users can select not to provide certain types of user data. In yet another example, users can select to limit the length of time user-specific data is maintained. In addition to providing “opt in” and “opt out” options, the present disclosure contemplates providing notifications relating to the access or use of personal information. For instance, a user may be notified upon downloading an application (“app”) that their personal information data will be accessed and then reminded again just before personal information data is accessed by the app. 
     Moreover, it is the intent of the present disclosure that personal information data should be managed and handled in a way to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use. Risk can be minimized by limiting the collection of data and deleting data once it is no longer needed. In addition, and when applicable, including in certain health related applications, data de-identification can be used to protect a user&#39;s privacy. De-identification may be facilitated, when appropriate, by removing specific identifiers (e.g., date of birth, etc.), controlling the amount or specificity of data stored (e.g., collecting location data at a city level rather than at an address level), controlling how data is stored (e.g., aggregating data across users), and/or other methods. 
     Therefore, although the present disclosure broadly covers use of information that may include personal information data to implement one or more various disclosed embodiments, the present disclosure also contemplates that the various embodiments can also be implemented without the need for accessing personal information data. That is, the various embodiments of the present technology are not rendered inoperable due to the lack of all or a portion of such personal information data. 
     Physical environment: A physical environment refers to a physical world that people can sense and/or interact with without aid of electronic systems. Physical environments, such as a physical park, include physical articles, such as physical trees, physical buildings, and physical people. People can directly sense and/or interact with the physical environment, such as through sight, touch, hearing, taste, and smell. 
     Computer-generated reality: in contrast, a computer-generated reality (CGR) environment refers to a wholly or partially simulated environment that people sense and/or interact with via an electronic system. In CGR, a subset of a person&#39;s physical motions, or representations thereof, are tracked, and, in response, one or more characteristics of one or more virtual objects simulated in the CGR environment are adjusted in a manner that comports with at least one law of physics. For example, a CGR system may detect a person&#39;s head turning and, in response, adjust graphical content and an acoustic field presented to the person in a manner similar to how such views and sounds would change in a physical environment. In some situations (e.g., for accessibility reasons), adjustments to characteristic(s) of virtual object(s) in a CGR environment may be made in response to representations of physical motions (e.g., vocal commands). A person may sense and/or interact with a CGR object using any one of their senses, including sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell. For example, a person may sense and/or interact with audio objects that create 3D or spatial audio environment that provides the perception of point audio sources in 3D space. In another example, audio objects may enable audio transparency, which selectively incorporates ambient sounds from the physical environment with or without computer-generated audio. In some CGR environments, a person may sense and/or interact only with audio objects. Examples of CGR include virtual reality and mixed reality. 
     Virtual reality: A virtual reality (VR) environment refers to a simulated environment that is designed to be based entirely on computer-generated sensory inputs for one or more senses. A VR environment comprises a plurality of virtual objects with which a person may sense and/or interact. For example, computer-generated imagery of trees, buildings, and avatars representing people are examples of virtual objects. A person may sense and/or interact with virtual objects in the VR environment through a simulation of the person&#39;s presence within the computer-generated environment, and/or through a simulation of a subset of the person&#39;s physical movements within the computer-generated environment. 
     Mixed reality: In contrast to a VR environment, which is designed to be based entirely on computer-generated sensory inputs, a mixed reality (MR) environment refers to a simulated environment that is designed to incorporate sensory inputs from the physical environment, or a representation thereof, in addition to including computer-generated sensory inputs (e.g., virtual objects). On a virtuality continuum, a mixed reality environment is anywhere between, but not including, a wholly physical environment at one end and virtual reality environment at the other end. In some MR environments, computer-generated sensory inputs may respond to changes in sensory inputs from the physical environment. Also, some electronic systems for presenting an MR environment may track location and/or orientation with respect to the physical environment to enable virtual objects to interact with real objects (that is, physical articles from the physical environment or representations thereof). For example, a system may account for movements so that a virtual tree appears stationery with respect to the physical ground. Examples of mixed realities include augmented reality and augmented virtuality. Augmented reality: an augmented reality (AR) environment refers to a simulated environment in which one or more virtual objects are superimposed over a physical environment, or a representation thereof. For example, an electronic system for presenting an AR environment may have a transparent or translucent display through which a person may directly view the physical environment. The system may be configured to present virtual objects on the transparent or translucent display, so that a person, using the system, perceives the virtual objects superimposed over the physical environment. Alternatively, a system may have an opaque display and one or more imaging sensors that capture images or video of the physical environment, which are representations of the physical environment. The system composites the images or video with virtual objects, and presents the composition on the opaque display. A person, using the system, indirectly views the physical environment by way of the images or video of the physical environment, and perceives the virtual objects superimposed over the physical environment. As used herein, a video of the physical environment shown on an opaque display is called “pass-through video,” meaning a system uses one or more image sensor(s) to capture images of the physical environment, and uses those images in presenting the AR environment on the opaque display. Further alternatively, a system may have a projection system that projects virtual objects into the physical environment, for example, as a hologram or on a physical surface, so that a person, using the system, perceives the virtual objects superimposed over the physical environment. An augmented reality environment also refers to a simulated environment in which a representation of a physical environment is transformed by computer-generated sensory information. For example, in providing pass-through video, a system may transform one or more sensor images to impose a select perspective (e.g., viewpoint) different than the perspective captured by the imaging sensors. As another example, a representation of a physical environment may be transformed by graphically modifying (e.g., enlarging) portions thereof, such that the modified portion may be representative but not photorealistic versions of the originally captured images. As a further example, a representation of a physical environment may be transformed by graphically eliminating or obfuscating portions thereof. Augmented virtuality: an augmented virtuality (AV) environment refers to a simulated environment in which a virtual or computer generated environment incorporates one or more sensory inputs from the physical environment. The sensory inputs may be representations of one or more characteristics of the physical environment. For example, an AV park may have virtual trees and virtual buildings, but people with faces photorealistically reproduced from images taken of physical people. As another example, a virtual object may adopt a shape or color of a physical article imaged by one or more imaging sensors. As a further example, a virtual object may adopt shadows consistent with the position of the sun in the physical environment. 
     Hardware: there are many different types of electronic systems that enable a person to sense and/or interact with various CGR environments. Examples include head mounted systems, projection-based systems, heads-up displays (HUDs), vehicle windshields having integrated display capability, windows having integrated display capability, displays formed as lenses designed to be placed on a person&#39;s eyes (e.g., similar to contact lenses), headphones/earphones, speaker arrays, input systems (e.g., wearable or handheld controllers with or without haptic feedback), smartphones, tablets, and desktop/laptop computers. A head mounted system may have one or more speaker(s) and an integrated opaque display. Alternatively, a head mounted system may be configured to accept an external opaque display (e.g., a smartphone). The head mounted system may incorporate one or more imaging sensors to capture images or video of the physical environment, and/or one or more microphones to capture audio of the physical environment. Rather than an opaque display, a head mounted system may have a transparent or translucent display. The transparent or translucent display may have a medium through which light representative of images is directed to a person&#39;s eyes. The display may utilize digital light projection, OLEDs, LEDs, μLEDs, liquid crystal on silicon, laser scanning light source, or any combination of these technologies. The medium may be an optical waveguide, a hologram medium, an optical combiner, an optical reflector, or any combination thereof. In one embodiment, the transparent or translucent display may be configured to become opaque selectively. Projection-based systems may employ retinal projection technology that projects graphical images onto a person&#39;s retina. Projection systems also may be configured to project virtual objects into the physical environment, for example, as a hologram or on a physical surface. 
     The foregoing is merely illustrative and various modifications can be made to the described embodiments. The foregoing embodiments may be implemented individually or in any combination.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20210223
Publication Date: 20220614
Grant Date: 20220614
Priority Date: 20200407
Inventors: WANG, PAUL X.
LEHMANN, Alex J.
HAMEL, BRADLEY J.
MATHEW, DINESH C.
ROTHKOPF, FLETCHER R.
DIFONZO, JOHN C.
HENDREN, KEITH J.
KALOTY, NAVPREET S.
QU, NICHOLAS L.
KRAHN, Scott J.
ZIMMERMAN, AIDAN N.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H02J50/12", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/0335", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0346", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0338", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/014", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/016", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0202", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/0384", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0338", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/0331", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0383", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H02J50/10", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0338", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0383", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H02J50/10", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/0384", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0202", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/0331", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 81944245