PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-8897002-B2
Application Number: US-201213492789-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Internal components of a portable computing device

Abstract:
The present application describes various embodiments of systems and methods for providing internal components for portable computing devices having a thin profile. More particularly, the present application describes internal components configured to fit within a relatively thin outer enclosure.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A portable computing device, comprising:
 a base portion including a top case and bottom case, the top case comprising:
 a printed circuit assembly disposed in the top case, comprising:
 a heat pipe configured to convey heat from a first portion to a second portion; 
 a fastener configured to couple a first region of the heat pipe to the top case; and 
 a conductive elastomer, configured to attach to the fastener and provide an electrical pathway from the fastener to the bottom case. 
 
 
 
     
     
       2. The portable computing device of  claim 1  wherein the bottom case comprises a conductive area in a region near the conductive elastomer when the bottom case is affixed to the top case, wherein the conductive elastomer is configured to allow access to at least one portion of the fastener. 
     
     
       3. The portable computing device as recited in  claim 1 , further comprising:
 an integrated support system integrally formed with the top case, the integrated support system configured to distribute an externally applied load through the base portion and provide structural elements for attaching selected operational components to the top case. 
 
     
     
       4. The portable computing device as recited in  claim 3 , the integrated support system comprising a keyboard support rib that surrounds an opening in a keyboard zone in the top case, the keyboard support rib configured to support a keyboard assembly disposed in the opening. 
     
     
       5. The portable computing device as recited in  claim 4 , the keyboard assembly comprising:
 a plurality of keypads; 
 a light guide panel configured to receive light from a light source at least some of which passes through a first surface of the light guide panel to directly illuminate selected portions of the plurality of keycaps; 
 a reflector layer disposed at a second surface of the light guide panel, the second surface opposite the first surface, the reflector layer configured to reflect light incident at the second surface to the first surface thereby enhancing an amount of light used to illuminate the plurality of key caps; and 
 a feature plate secured to the top case and configured to support the keyboard assembly. 
 
     
     
       6. The portable computing device as recited in  claim 5 , the keyboard support rib comprising:
 a first horizontal surface configured to secure a perimeter portion of the feature plate; and 
 a second horizontal surface configured to secure the reflector layer, the second horizontal surface forming a reference datum for the reflector layer. 
 
     
     
       7. The portable computing device as recited in  claim 6 , the keyboard support rib forming part of an EMI shield in the form of a Faraday cage that prevents leakage of EM radiation from the keyboard assembly and forming part of a light trap that prevents leakage of light from the light guide panel. 
     
     
       8. The portable computing device as recited in  claim 3 , further comprising:
 an antenna array comprising: 
 a support structure configured to be radio frequency transparent, connected to the integrated support system, and 
 a first antenna element disposed on the support structure, and a metal shield coupled to the antenna array configured to function as a ground plane for the first antenna element, the metal shield comprising a first contact point configured to engage a grounded surface, wherein the antenna array further comprises a second antenna element disposed on the support structure. 
 
     
     
       9. The portable computing device as recited in  claim 8 , the metal shield further comprising:
 a second contact point configured to engage the grounded surface and wherein the first and second contact points are configured to engage the grounded surface from opposing directions. 
 
     
     
       10. The portable computing device as recited in  claim 3 , the top case further comprising:
 a touch pad support, the touch pad support integrally formed with the integrated support system. 
 
     
     
       11. The portable computing device as recited in  claim 10 , the touch pad support comprising one or more shoulders configured to secure a touch pad assembly, the touch pad assembly comprising a touch pad cover that defines an outer surface of the touch pad assembly configured for receiving touch events thereon, the touch pad cover extending from a first end of the touch pad assembly to a second end of the touch pad assembly. 
     
     
       12. The portable computing device as recited in  claim 11 , the touch pad assembly secured to the integrated support structure at the at least two shoulders using a fastener such that a load applied at the touch pad is transferred to the integrated support system that, in turn, distributes the load through the base portion. 
     
     
       13. The portable computing device as recited in  claim 12 , the touch pad assembly further comprising:
 a touch sensor disposed beneath the cover configured to detect the received touch events and generate a touch signal; and 
 a printed circuit board comprising one or more touch circuits and connectors, the printed circuit board configured to receive the touch signal, the printed circuit board in communication with the touch sensor and coupled to the second end of the cover. 
 
     
     
       14. The portable computing device as recited in  claim 13 , the printed circuit board further comprising a structural element, the structural element configured to support the second end of the cover and configured to provide structural support for the touch pad assembly, the structural element in contact with the touch pad support. 
     
     
       15. The portable computing device as recited in  claim 14 , the structural element comprising a stiffener, the stiffener having one or more protrusions that extend past the second end of the cover. 
     
     
       16. The portable computing device as recited in  claim 15 , the touch pad assembly further comprising:
 a backing plate positioned below the touch pad configured to define a planar surface that forms a portion of a compartment in which a mass storage device is positioned, the compartment comprising a plurality of ribs integrally formed with the integrated support system. 
 
     
     
       17. The portable computing device as recited in  claim 16 , the mass storage device comprising a first major surface, a second major surface, and a plurality of edge surfaces defining a plurality of corners, a first elastomeric material, and a second elastomeric material with the first elastomeric material positioned between the first major surface of the mass storage device and with a major wall of a compartment and the second elastomeric material positioned between the corners of the mass storage device and the side walls of the compartment. 
     
     
       18. The portable computing device as recited in  claim 3 , further comprising:
 a printed circuit board; 
 a display driver mounted to the printed circuit board and in communication therewith; and 
 a light emitting diode mounted to the printed circuit board and in communication therewith. 
 
     
     
       19. The portable computing device as recited in  claim 18 , further comprising a light guide panel and a display panel, wherein the printed circuit board is at least partially positioned between the light guide panel and the display panel. 
     
     
       20. The portable computing device as recited in  claim 1 , further comprising:
 an image sensor assembly comprising: 
 a first lens configured to process incoming visual signals; 
 an image sensor configured to receive the processed incoming visual signals; and 
 a support stiffener comprising a well, the well configured to accept the image sensor, wherein the image sensor is affixed to the support stiffener. 
 
     
     
       21. The portable computing device as recited in  claim 20 , wherein the image sensor assembly further comprises a first bond wire configured to couple a first signal from the image sensor to an external electrical component. 
     
     
       22. The portable computing device as recited in  claim 21 , wherein the image sensor assembly further comprises a light emitting diode configured to indicate image sensor activity. 
     
     
       23. The portable computing device as recited in  claim 22 , wherein the image sensor assembly further comprises a light sensor configured to detect ambient light levels.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The embodiments described herein relate generally to portable computing devices. More particularly, the present embodiments relate to internal components that may be included in portable computing devices. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The outward appearance of a portable computing device, including its design and its heft, is important to a user of the portable computing device, as the outward appearance contributes to the overall impression that the user has of the portable computing device. Dimensions of the portable computing device may be particularly important to a user. 
     One design challenge associated with the manufacture of portable computing devices is the design of internal components as they relate to an enclosure of the portable computing device. When the design of the enclosure is selected to be relatively compact, the internal components within the enclosure must be designed and configured to fit within the compact space of the enclosure. Internal component functionality should not be compromised to because of a lack of implementation space. 
     Therefore, it is desirable for internal components of a portable computing device to have good functionality and to have a compact configuration to allow integration into relatively compact volumes. 
     SUMMARY 
     Embodiments of improved internal components for a portable computing device are provided. In one embodiment a touch pad includes a cover, a touch sensor, and a printed circuit board. The printed circuit board may be connected to the touch sensor and coupled to the cover at an end thereof that is free to pivot. Thereby, the printed circuit board may stiffen the end of the cover. This may facilitate use of a dome switch coupled to the printed circuit board and configured to operate upon pivoting the cover without use of a separate stiffener for the cover. 
     In another embodiment a display apparatus is provided. The display apparatus may include a printed circuit board, a light emitting diode, and a display driver. The display driver and the light emitting diode may be mounted to the printed circuit board. Thereby, a separate stiffener for the light emitting diode may not be required. The printed circuit board may be at least partially positioned between a light guide panel and a display panel. The display panel may be connected directly to the printed circuit board or through a flex connector. 
     In another embodiment an image sensor assembly is provided. The image sensor assembly can include a lens, an image sensor to receive images and a support structure that can include a well to mount the image sensor. The support structure can protect the image sensor as well as function to locate and affix the image sensor. 
     In another embodiment, an antenna assembly is provided. The antenna assembly can include one or more antennas disposed on a radio frequency transparent support structure. The antenna assembly can also include a metal shield, coupled to the support structure. The metal shield can perform as a ground plane for the antennas as well as an electromagnetic interference shield to reduce sensitivity of the antennas to electromagnetic emissions. 
     A solderable standoff is disclosed. The solderable standoff includes a metal core and a compliant outer sleeve. The metal core can include at least one solderable surface for the attachment to printed circuit boards with common soldering methods. The compliant outer sleeve can improve cosmetic appearance. 
     An electro-mechanical interlock is provided. The electro-mechanical interlock can couple a first printed circuit board to a second printed circuit board with a fastener. The fastener can include a flat surface that can contact a first and a second conductive surface to complete an electrical circuit when the fastener is engaged to couple the printed circuit boards together. 
     A compliant elastomer is provided. The compliant elastomer can be fitted to a fastener. The compliant elastomer can be used to enhance ground pathways between the fastener and any surface, such as an enclosure for a portable computing device. 
     Other apparatuses, methods, features and advantages of the disclosure will be or will become apparent to one with skill in the art upon examination of the following figures and detailed description. It is intended that all such additional systems, methods, features and advantages be included within this description, be within the scope of the disclosure, and be protected by the accompanying claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The included drawings are for illustrative purposes and serve only to provide examples of possible structures and arrangements for the disclosed apparatuses, assemblies, methods, and systems. These drawings in no way limit any changes in form and detail that may be made to the disclosure by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 1  shows a front facing perspective view of an embodiment of the portable computing device in the form of portable computing device in an open (lid) state according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 2  shows the portable computing device of  FIG. 1  in a closed (lid) configuration that shows rear cover and logo according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 3  shows another embodiment of the portable computing device in an open state according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 4  shows an external view of the bottom case of the portable computing device of  FIG. 1  or  3  according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 5  illustrates a top case with an integrated support system according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 6  illustrates a view of the top case of  FIG. 5  highlighting the relationship between integrated support system and various structural components according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 7  illustrates a bottom view of a touch pad according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 8  schematically illustrates an exploded side view of the touch pad of  FIG. 7 ; 
         FIG. 9  illustrates a bottom view of a touch pad according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 10  schematically illustrates an exploded side view of the touch pad of  FIG. 9 ; 
         FIG. 11  schematically illustrates a method for assembling a touch pad according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 12  illustrates a side view of internal components of the portable computing device along line  12 / 14 - 12 / 14  in  FIG. 2  according to a first example embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 13  schematically illustrates the internal components of  FIG. 12 ; 
         FIG. 14  illustrates a side view of internal components of the portable computing device along line  12 / 14 - 12 / 14  in  FIG. 2  according to a second example embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 15  schematically illustrates the internal components of  FIG. 14 ; 
         FIG. 16  schematically illustrates a method for assembling a display assembly according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIGS. 17A-17B  are illustrations of solderable standoff, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIGS. 18A-18B  are illustrations of a solderable threaded standoff, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIGS. 19A-19B  are illustrations of another embodiment of a solderable standoff in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIGS. 20A-20B  are illustrations of yet another embodiment of a solderable standoff. 
         FIG. 21  illustrates an antenna assembly in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 22  shows antenna assembly coupled to the rear cover, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 23  shows sections of  FIG. 22 . 
         FIG. 24  illustrates one embodiment of a feature plate, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 25  shows a cross section of the feature plate. 
         FIG. 26  is another view of keyboard assembly. 
         FIGS. 27A and 27B  are of a camera assembly. 
         FIG. 28  is an illustration of an electro-mechanical interlock assembly, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 29  is an illustration of one embodiment of a conductive elastomer in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Representative applications of apparatuses and methods according to the presently described embodiments are provided in this section. These examples are being provided solely to add context and aid in the understanding of the described embodiments. It will thus be apparent to one skilled in the art that the presently described embodiments can be practiced without some or all of these specific details. In other instances, well known process steps have not been described in detail in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the presently described embodiments. Other applications are possible, such that the following examples should not be taken as limiting. 
     The following relates to a portable computing device such as a laptop computer, net book computer, tablet computer, etc. The portable computing device can include a multi-part housing having a top case and a bottom case joining at a reveal to form a base portion. The portable computing device can have an upper portion (or lid) that can house a display screen and other related components whereas the base portion can house various processors, drives, ports, battery, keyboard, touchpad and the like. The top case and the bottom case can each be joined in a particular manner at an interface region such that the gap and offset between top and bottom cases are not only reduced, but are also more consistent from device to device during the mass production of devices. These general subjects are set forth in greater detail below. 
     In a particular embodiment, the lid and base portion can be pivotally connected with each other by way of what can be referred to as a clutch assembly. The clutch assembly can be arranged to pivotally couple the base portion to the lid. The clutch assembly can include at least a cylindrical portion that in turn includes an annular outer region, and a central bore region surrounded by the annular outer region, the central bore suitably arranged to provide support for electrical conductors between the base portion and electrical components in the lid. The clutch assembly can also include a plurality of fastening regions that couple the clutch to the base portion and the lid of the portable computing device with at least one of the fastening regions being integrally formed with the cylindrical portion such that space, size and part count are minimized. 
     The multipart housing can be formed of a strong and durable yet lightweight material. Such materials can include composite materials and or metals such as aluminum. Aluminum has a number of characteristics that make it a good choice for the multipart housing. For example, aluminum is a good electrical conductor that can provide good electrical ground and it can be easily machined and has well known metallurgical characteristics. The superior conductivity of aluminum provides a good chassis ground for internal electrical components arranged to fit and operate within the housing. The aluminum housing also provides a good electromagnetic interference (EMI) shield protecting sensitive electronic components from external electromagnetic radiation as well as reducing electromagnetic radiation emanating from the portable computing device. 
     The top case can include a cavity, or lumen, into which a plurality of operational components can be inserted during an assembly operation. In the described embodiment, the operational components can inserted into the lumen and attached to the top case in an “top-bottom” assembly operation in which top most components are inserted first followed by components in a top down arrangement. For example, the top case can be provided and shaped to accommodate a keyboard module. The keyboard module can include a keyboard assembly formed of a plurality of keycap assemblies and associated circuitry, such as a flexible membrane on which can be incorporated a switching matrix and protective feature plate. Therefore, following the top-bottom assembly approach, the keyboard assembly is first inserted into the top case followed by the flexible membrane and then the feature plate that is attached to the top case. Other internal components can then be inserted in a top to bottom (when viewed from the perspective of the finished product) manner. 
     In addition to the keyboard, the portable computing device can include a touch sensitive device along the lines of a touch pad, touch screen, etc. In those embodiments where the portable computing device includes a touch pad the touch pad can be formed from a glass material. The glass material provides a cosmetic surface and is the primary source of structural rigidity for the touchpad. The use of the glass material in this way significantly reduces the overall thickness of the touchpad compared to previous designs. The touchpad can include circuitry for processing signals from a sensor associated with the touchpad. In one embodiment, the circuitry can be embodied as a printed circuit board (PCB). The PCB can be formed of material and placed in such a way that provides structural support for the touchpad. Thus, a separate touchpad support is eliminated. 
     Due at least to the strong and resilient nature of the material used to form the multipart housing; the multipart housing can include a number of openings having wide spans that do not require additional support structures. Such openings can take the form of ports that can be used to provide access to internal circuits. The ports can include, for example, data ports suitable for accommodating data cables configured for connecting external circuits. The openings can also provide access to an audio circuit, video display circuit, power input, etc. 
     In one embodiment, the top case can be formed from a single billet of aluminum that is machined into a desired shape and size. The top case can include an integrated support system that adds to the structural integrity of the top case. The integrated support system can be continuous in nature in that there are no gaps or breaks. The integrated support system can be used to provide support for individual components (such as a keyboard). For example, the integrated support system can take the form of ribs that can be used as a reference datum for a keyboard. The ribs can also provide additional structural support due to the added thickness of the ribs. The ribs can also be used as part of a shield that help to prevent light leaking from the keyboard as well as act as a Faraday cage that prevents leakage of extraneous electromagnetic radiation. 
     The continuous nature of the integrated support system can result in a more even distribution of an external load applied to the multi-part housing resulting in a reduced likelihood of warping, or bowing that reduces risk to internal components. The integrated support system can also provide mounting structures for those internal components mounted to the multi-part housing. Such internal components include a mass storage device (that can take the form of a hard disk drive, HDD, or solid state drive, SSD), audio components (audio jack, microphone, speakers, etc.) as well as input/output devices such as a keyboard and touch pad. 
     These and other embodiments are discussed below with reference to  FIGS. 1-29 . However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the detailed description given herein with respect to these figures is for explanatory purposes as the invention extends beyond these limited embodiments. 
       FIGS. 1-6  show various views of the portable computing device in accordance with various embodiments.  FIG. 1  shows a front facing perspective view of an embodiment of the portable computing device in the form of portable computing device  100  in an open (lid) state. Portable computing device  100  can include base portion  102  formed of bottom case  104  fastened to top case  106 . Base portion  102  can be pivotably connected to lid portion  108  by way of clutch assembly  110  hidden from view by a cosmetic wall. Base portion  102  can have an overall uniform shape sized to accommodate clutch assembly  110  and inset portion  112  suitable for assisting a user in lifting lid portion  108  by, for example, a finger. Top case  106  can be configured to accommodate various user input devices such as keyboard  114  and touchpad  116 . Keyboard  114  can include a plurality of low profile keycap assemblies each having an associated key pad  118 . In one embodiment, an audio transducer (not shown) can use selected portions of keyboard  114  to output audio signals such as music. In the described embodiment, a microphone can be located at a side portion of top case  106  that can be spaced apart to improve frequency response of an associated audio circuit. 
     Each of the plurality of key pads  118  can have a symbol imprinted thereon for identifying the key input associated with the particular key pad. Keyboard  114  can be arranged to receive a discrete input at each keypad using a finger motion referred to as a keystroke. In the described embodiment, the symbols on each key pad can be laser etched thereby creating an extremely clean and durable imprint that will not fade under the constant application of keystrokes over the life of portable computing device  100 . In order to reduce component count, a keycap assembly can be re-provisioned as a power button. For example, key pad  118 - 1  can be used as power button  118 - 1 . In this way, the overall number of components in portable computing device  100  can be commensurably reduced. 
     Touch pad  116  can be configured to receive finger gesturing. A finger gesture can include touch events from more than one finger applied in unison. The gesture can also include a single finger touch event such as a swipe or a tap. The gesture can be sensed by a sensing circuit in touch pad  116  and converted to electrical signals that are passed to a processing unit for evaluation. In this way, portable computing device  100  can be at least partially controlled by touch. 
     Lid portion  108  can be moved with the aid of clutch assembly  110  from the closed position to remain in the open position and back again. Lid portion  108  can include display  120  and rear cover  122  (shown more clearly in  FIG. 2 ) that can add a cosmetic finish to lid portion  108  and also provide structural support to at least display  120 . In the described embodiment, lid portion  108  can include mask (also referred to as display trim)  124  that surrounds display  120 . Display trim  124  can be formed of an opaque material such as ink deposited on top of or within a protective layer of display  120 . Display trim  124  can enhance the overall appearance of display  120  by hiding operational and structural components as well as focusing attention onto the active area of display  120 . 
     Display  120  can display visual content such as a graphical user interface, still images such as photos as well as video media items such as movies. Display  120  can display images using any appropriate technology such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), OLED, etc. Portable computing device  100  can also include image capture device  126  located on a transparent portion of display trim  124 . Image capture device  126  can be configured to capture both still and video images. Lid portion  108  can be formed to have uni-body construction that can provide additional strength and resiliency to lid portion  108  which is particularly important due to the stresses caused by repeated opening and closing. In addition to the increase in strength and resiliency, the uni-body construction of lid portion  108  can reduce overall part count by eliminating separate support features. 
     Data ports  128 - 132  can be used to transfer data and/or power between an external circuit(s) and portable computing device  100 . Data ports  128 - 132  can include, for example, input slot  128  that can be used to accept a memory card (such as a FLASH memory card), data ports  130  and  132  can take be used to accommodate data connections such as USB, FireWire, Thunderbolt, and so on. In some embodiments, speaker grid  134  can be used to port audio from an associated audio component enclosed within base portion  102 . 
       FIG. 2  shows portable computing device  100  in a closed (lid) configuration that shows rear cover  122  and logo  202 . In one embodiment, logo  202  can be illuminated by light from display  120 . It should be noted that in the closed configuration, lid portion  108  and base portion  102  form what appears to be a uniform structure having a continuously varying and coherent shape that enhances both the look and feel of portable computing device  100 . 
       FIG. 3  shows another embodiment in the form of portable computing device  300  that is smaller than portable computing device  100 . Since portable computing device  300  is smaller in size than portable computing device  100 , certain features shown in  FIG. 1  are modified, or in some cases lacking, in portable computing device  300 . For example, base portion  302  can be reduced in size such that separate speakers (such as speaker grid  134 ) are replaced with an audio port embodied as part of keyboard  114 . However, bottom case  304  and top case  306  can retain many of the features described with regards to portable computing device  100  (such as display  120  though reduced to an appropriate size). 
       FIG. 4  shows an external view of bottom case  104  showing relative positioning of support feet  402 , inset  112 , cosmetic wall  404  that can be used to conceal clutch assembly  110  and fasteners  406  used to secure bottom case  104  and top case  106  together. Support feet  402  can be formed of wear resistant and resilient material such as plastic. Also in view are multi-purpose front side sequentially placed vents  408  and  410  that can be used to provide a flow of outside air that can be used to cool internal components. In the described embodiment, vents  408  and  410  can be placed on an underside of top cover  106  in order to hide the vents from view as well as obscure the view of an interior of portable computing device  100  from the outside. Vents  408  and  410  can act as a secondary air intake subordinate to primary air intake vents located at a rear portion of portable computing device  100  (described below). In this way, vents  408  and  410  can help to maintain an adequate supply of cool air in those situations where portions of the rear vents are blocked or otherwise have their air intake restricted. 
     Vents  408  and  410  can also be used to output audio signals in the form of sound generated by an audio module (not shown). In one embodiment, a selected portion (such as portions  412  and  414 ) can be used to output sound at a selected frequency range in order to improve quality of an audio presentation by portable computing device  100 . Vents  408  and  410  can be part of an integrated support system in that vents  408  and  410  can be machined from the outside and cut from the inside during fabrication of top case  106 . As part of the machining of vents  408  and  410 , stiffener ribs can be placed within vent openings  408  and  410  to provide additional structural support for portable computing device  100 . 
     Moreover, trusses  418  can be formed between vents  408  and  410  in combination with stiffener ribs can add both structural support as well as assist in defining both the cadence and size of vents  408  and  410 . The cadence and size of vents  408  and  410  can be used to control air flow into portable computing device  100  as well as emission of RF energy in the form of EMI from portable computing device  100 . Accordingly, stiffener ribs can separate an area within vents  408  and  410  to produce an aperture sized to prevent passage of RF energy. As well known in the art, the size of an aperture can restrict the emission of RF energy having a wavelength that can be “trapped” by the aperture. In this case, the size of vents  408  and  410  is such that a substantial portion of RF energy emitted by internal components can be trapped within portable computing device  100 . Furthermore, by placing vents  408  and  410  at a downward facing surface of top case  106 , the aesthetics of portable computing device  100  can be enhanced since views of internal components from an external observer are eliminated. 
       FIG. 5  shows integrated support system  700  in accordance with the described embodiments. In order to enhance the structural integrity, reduce bowing, and improve resistance to infrequent but potentially damaging events such as being dropped, top case  106  can be fabricated to include integrated support system  700 . Generally speaking, top case  106  can be divided into various structural zones each of which can be expected to be exposed to various amounts and types of stress. For example, top case  106  can divided into palm rest zone  702 , touch pad zone  704 , side vents zone  706 , rear vent zone  708 , clutch bolt zone  710 , and keyboard zone  712  that can each have individual structures that tie in together in a floor-to-ceiling arrangement to form integrated support system  700 . (It should be noted that by integrated it is meant that there are substantially no breaks or gaps in the structural elements that form integrated support system  700 .) For example, keyboard zone  712  can include keyboard support rib  714  that racetracks about keyboard zone  712 . Keyboard support rib  714  can have an enhanced thickness “t” in order to provide a substantially increased resistance to flexing or bending (that is proportional to t 3 ). By interconnecting the various structural elements of integrated support system  700 , any stress or other load applied at a particular point in a specific zone can be more evenly distributed within top case  106  thereby reducing the likelihood of bowing or warping top case  106 . 
     In addition to providing stress distribution about the perimeter of top case  106 , structural elements of integrated support system  700  can span top case  106  in a “crisscross” pattern obviating the problems of flexing due to what can be referred to as a “trampoline” effect, in which a central portion of top case  106  flexes more than does the edge regions (along the lines of a trampoline). In this way, portable computing device  100  can respond to physical impacts and externally applied stress as an integrated whole in contrast to conventionally configured portable computing devices where internal components are discretely attached to a housing with little or no cross support. In this way, the framing of top case  106  in the form of integrated support system  700  can flow from wall to wall and edge to edge and structural member to structural member 
       FIG. 6  shows a view of top case  106  highlighting the relationship between integrated support system  700  and various structural components in accordance with the described embodiment. More particularly,  FIG. 6  shows an interior view of top case  106  illustrating various openings used to accommodate keyboard  114  and touch pad  116 . More specifically, keyboard openings  722  can each have a size and shape in accordance with an associated key cap assembly. For example, opening  722 - 1  can be sized to accommodate power button  118 - 1  whereas opening  722 - 2  can be sized to accommodate a space bar. In addition to keyboard openings  722 , opening  724  can accommodate touch pad  116 . For example, touch pad  116  can be attached directly to top case  106  at shoulders  726  and flex support  727  can be used to provide support for a flex connector. Furthermore, a dome switch associated with touch pad  116  can be supported at support plate  728 . 
     Top case  106  can be fabricated in such a way that integrated support system  700  (as shown by the dotted line) can be used to provide support for internal components as well as a mechanism for distributing loads more evenly about top case  106  thereby avoiding localized stress points. In this way, the likelihood of warping or bowing of top case  106  can be substantially reduced. In addition to providing for load distribution, integrated support system  700  can provide support points and structures for various internal components. For example, as described above, stiffener ribs can be integrally formed with integrated support system  700  in such a way that an external load applied to portable computing device  100  in the vicinity of vents  410  (or  408 ) can be passed by way of stiffener ribs to integrated support system  700 . In this way, the load can be transferred away from the point where the load is applied and distributed more evenly about top case  106  and bottom case  104  thereby reducing the possibility of warping or bowing. 
     As part of integrated support system  700 , magnetic clamp supports  732  can provide a support structure for magnet pad  734  used to support magnets that magnetically attach top case  106  and bottom case  104  together that facilitates the insertion of and securing of fasteners  406  into bosses  736 . For example, during an assembly operation, top case  106  and bottom case  104  are first magnetically attached to each other using magnets secured to magnet pad  734 . The magnetic attraction is such that sufficient “play” in (x,y) is available for securing fasteners  406  into bosses  736  affording an easier and more timely assembly operation. Moreover, by securing top case  106  and bottom case  104  in a central region, an amount of flexion of bottom case  104  is substantially reduced thereby preventing “belly rub” where an exterior surface of bottom case  104  flexes to the point where it comes in contact with a surface upon which it rests. Other mounting features can include audio jack mounts  738 , microphone mounts  739 , and clutch assembly support plates  740  for securing clutch assembly  110  to top case  106 . 
     Magnetic attachment plates  742  can be used to form a magnetic circuit with magnets disposed within lid portion  108  for securing lid portion  108  to base portion  102  in the closed configuration of portable computing device  100 . Rear vent openings  744  can be used to provide air for cooling internal components such as a CPU, GPU and so forth. In one embodiment, left and right vent openings  744 - 1  can be used to direct exhaust air away from portable computing device  100  whereas central vent openings  744 - 2  can be used to direct cooler intake air into portable computing device  100 . In addition to vent openings  744 , vent openings  408  and  410  can be used as a secondary source of cool intake air in those situations with vent openings  744 - 2  are partially or fully blocked to assure adequate cooling of various internal components. Keyboard support rib  714  can be used to support a keyboard feature plate as well as part of an EMI shield used to block RF energy and a light block used to block extraneous light emanating from a light source used to illuminate key pads  118 . 
     Returning to the touch pad  116 , a first embodiment of the touch pad  116 A is illustrated in  FIG. 7 . As illustrated, the touch pad  116 A may include a cover  802 A which may define an outer surface with which a user may interact by inputting gestures thereon. The cover  802 A may comprise glass in some embodiments. The gestures may be detected by a touch sensor  804 A, which may be coupled to the bottom of the cover  802 A, as illustrated. In some embodiments the touch sensor  804 A may comprise a plastic material such polyethylene terephthalate (PET). 
     The touch pad  116 A may also include a printed circuit board  806  including one or more touch circuits  808 A and connectors  810 A thereon. The touch sensor  804 A may be positioned between the printed circuit board  806 A and the cover  802 A. The printed circuit board  806 A may be in communication with the touch sensor  804 A such that that the printed circuit board receives signals therefrom. 
     The cover  802 A may extend from a first end  812 A to a second end  814 A. The first end  812 A of the cover  802 A may pivotably couple to the top case  106  of the portable computing device. In particular, mounting points  816 A may be configured to couple to the shoulders  726  of the top case  106  such that the touch pad  116 A is received in the opening  724  (see, e.g.,  FIG. 6 ). 
     Whereas the first end  812 A of the cover  802 A may be pivotably coupled to the top case  106 , the second end  814 A of the cover may be decoupled from the case. Thereby, the second end  814 A of the cover  802 A may pivot. In this regard, the touchpad  116 A may further comprise a dome switch  818 A (or other embodiment of a switch) positioned at the second end  814 A of the cover  802 A. The dome switch  818 A may be coupled to the touch sensor  804 A. Accordingly, as the second end  814 A of the cover  802 A pivots, the dome switch  818 A may be activated. Thus, user inputs may also be inputted through the touch pad  116 A through pivoting the cover  802 A to actuate the dome switch  818 A. 
     However, due to the second end  814 A of the cover  802 A being decoupled from the outer case  106 , it may be desirable to stiffen and support the second end. In this regard, a stiffener  820 A may be coupled to the second end  814 A of the cover  802 A, with the touch sensor  804 A positioned between the stiffener and the cover. The stiffener  820 A may comprise a metal such as aluminum, or other material that is relatively rigid. 
     The stiffener  820 A may extend across the width of the cover  802 A to provide the second end  814 A of the cover with an added degree of stiffness. Thereby, when the second end  814 A of the cover  802 A is depressed, even proximate the sides thereof, the dome switch  818 A may be actuated. Accordingly, the stiffener  820 A may enhance the functionality of the dome switch  818 A. 
     Further, the stiffener  820 A may comprise one or more protrusions  822 A that extend past the second end  814 A of the cover  802 A. As illustrated in  FIG. 8 , which shows an exploded schematic view of the touch pad  116 A, the protrusions  822 A may be configured to engage recesses  748  defined in the outer case  106  proximate the opening  724  therein. Accordingly, the protrusions  822 A may prevent the touch pad  116 A from extending out of the opening  724  in the top case  106 . As further illustrated in  FIGS. 7 and 8 , the touch sensor  804 A may extend past the second end  814 A of the cover  802 A and past the protrusions  822 A such that a gap  824 A between the cover and the top case  106  may be concealed. In this regard, the touch sensor  804 A may define a relatively dark color, such as black, which conceals the gap  824 A and other components in the personal computing device  100 . 
     As further illustrated in  FIG. 8 , in some embodiments a backing plate  750  may be positioned below the touch pad  116 A. The backing plate  750  may be configured to define a planar surface  752  which may form a portion of a compartment in which a mass storage device  754  (e.g., a hard drive or solid state memory) is positioned. In this regard, the planar surface  752  of the backing plate  750  may abut an elastomeric material coupled to the mass storage device  754 . 
       FIGS. 9 and 10  illustrate an alternate embodiment of a touch pad  116 B. Components of the touch pad  116 B illustrated in  FIGS. 9 and 10  that are similar to the components of the touch pad  116 A illustrated in  FIGS. 7 and 8  are referenced by similar reference numerals. For purposes of brevity, the similar components will not be described in detail. 
     However, the touch pad  116 B includes some components which differ from the previously described embodiment. In this regard, the touch pad  116 B does not include a separate stiffener. Rather, the printed circuit board  806 B is repositioned from the first end  812 B to the second end  814 B of the cover  802 B. Thus, the printed circuit board  806 B itself may function as a stiffener configured to support the second end  814 B of the cover  802 B. In this regard, the printed circuit board  806 B may also define one or more protrusions  822 B that extend past the second end  814 B of the cover  802 B, and which are configured to engage recesses  748  in the top case  106 . Further, in addition to the touch circuits  808 B and connectors  810 B, the dome switch  818 B may be coupled to the printed circuit board  806 B. 
     Coupling between the printed circuit board  806 B and the dome switch  818 B as employed in the touch pad  116 B may be relatively more secure than the coupling between the dome switch  818 A and the touch sensor  816 A, as employed in the touch pad  116 A. Also, attaching the dome switch  818 B to the printed circuit board  806 B may simplify assembly of the touch pad  116 B. Further, by removing the need for a separate stiffener, the touchpad  116 B may be simplified. Accordingly, the embodiment of the touch pad  116 B illustrated in  FIGS. 9 and 10  may be preferable in some embodiments. 
     A related method for assembling a touch pad is also provided. As illustrated in  FIG. 11 , the method may include providing a cover extending from a first end to a second end, providing a touch sensor, and providing a printed circuit board at operation  900 . The method may further comprise coupling the printed circuit board to the second end of the cover to support the second end of the cover at operation  902 . Further, the method may include connecting the printed circuit board to the touch sensor at operation  904 . 
     In some embodiments the method may also include pivotably coupling the first end of the cover to a case of a portable computing device with the second end decoupled from the case. Further, the method may include coupling a switch to the printed circuit board, wherein the switch is configured to actuate upon pivoting the cover about the first end. The method may also include concealing a gap between the cover and the case by extending the touch sensor past one or more protrusions defined by the printed circuit board at the first end of the cover. 
     Turning now to the display  120 ,  FIG. 12  illustrates a first embodiment of a view through the portable computing device along line  12 / 14 - 12 / 14  in  FIG. 2 . As illustrated, the base portion  102  may include a number of internal components positioned between the top case  106  and the bottom case  104 . For example, a central processing unit  756 , a heat pipe  758 , and a heat exchanger  760  may be positioned therein. 
     Further, the lid portion  108  may include the display  120  and the rear cover  122 , as described above. The display  120  may include various components including a glass panel  1202 , a display panel  1204  (e.g., a thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) panel), one or more films  1206  (including for example, a diffuser), a light guide panel  1208 , and a light reflector  1210 . A light emitting diode (LED) array  812  may illuminate the light guide panel  1208 . The LED array  1212  may be mounted to a stiffener  1213 , which is mounted to the rear cover  122  of the lid portion  108 . 
     Additional internal components may be housing within a clutch cover  1214 . For example, an antenna assembly  2100  may be included therein. Further, in the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 12 , a driver IC  1218 A mounted to, and in communication with, a printed circuit board substrate  1220 A may be included in the clutch cover  1214  and connected to the display panel  1204  via a flex connector  1222 A. 
     Certain components related to the display  120  described above with respect to  FIG. 12  are illustrated schematically in  FIG. 13 . As illustrated, the embodiment described above remotely locates the driver IC  1218 A and the printed circuit board substrate  1220 A therefore, which may thereby require use of the flex connector  1222 A to connect to the display panel  1204 . Further, a separate stiffener  1213  may be needed to mount the LED array  1212 . Further, as illustrated in  FIG. 13 , a flex connector  1224  may also be required to connect power to the LED array  1212 . 
       FIG. 14  illustrates an alternate embodiment of internal components configured to more efficiently make use of space within the personal computing device and overcome the deficiencies noted above. The components illustrated in  FIG. 14  are substantially the same as the components illustrated in  FIG. 12  with certain exceptions. In this regard, the driver IC  1218 B, printed circuit board  1220 B for the display driver, and the flex connector  1222 B (which is optional, as described below) may be positioned in an alternate location, and arranged differently. 
     More particularly, as schematically illustrated in  FIG. 15 , the LED array  1212  may be mounted to the printed circuit board  1220 B for the driver IC  1218 B and in communication therewith. Thereby, the LED array  1212  may be supported and positioned proximate an end of the light guide panel  1208 . The driver IC  1218 B may also be mounted to the printed circuit board  1220 B and in communication therewith. Accordingly, use of a separate stiffener for the LED array  1212  may not be required. Additionally, the printed circuit board  1220 B may be at least partially positioned between the light guide panel  1208  and the display panel  1204 , such that the space therebetween may be efficiently employed. Thereby, the width of display  120  may be reduced at the edges thereof. 
     In some embodiments, the display panel  1204  may be connected to the printed circuit board  1220 B by a flex connector  1222 B. However, due to placing the printed circuit board  1220 B against the display panel  1204 , in another embodiment the display panel may be directly connected to the printed circuit board without use of the flex connector  1222 B. Also, since the LED array  1212  is directly mounted to the printed circuit board  1220 B, a flex connector for the LED array may not be required. Accordingly, the display  120  may also be simplified in this respect. Thus, the embodiment of the display  120  illustrated in  FIGS. 14 and 15  may reduce the number of internal components in the personal computing device and more efficiently make use of the available space therein. 
     A related method is also provided. As illustrated in  FIG. 16 , the method may include providing a printed circuit board, a display driver, and a light emitting diode at operation  900 . Further, the method may include mounting the display driver and the light emitting diode to the printed circuit board such that the display driver and the light emitting diode are in communication therewith at operation  902 . The method may also include providing a light guide panel and a display panel, and positioning the printed circuit board at least partially between the light guide panel and the display panel. The method may additionally include connecting the display panel to the printed circuit board with a flex connector. Alternatively, the method may include directly connecting the display panel to the printed circuit board (e.g., via anisotropic conductive film (ACF) bonding). Further, the method may include positioning the light emitting diode proximate an end of the light guide panel. 
     In some embodiments, spacing between a PCB and another object should be maintained a predetermined distance. A traditional standoff can be used, but attaching a traditional standoff can be labor intensive and can require one or more holes to be drilled into the PCB. To ease manufacturing and reduce PCB fabrication costs, a solderable standoff can be used. 
       FIGS. 17A-17B  are illustrations of solderable standoff, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure.  FIG. 17A  shows metal core  1700 . A full view  1704  of metal core  1700  is shown along with a cross-section  1706 . Metal core  1700  can be soldered to a substrate, such as a PCB, with traditional solder processes, such as a reflow process. Metal core  1700  can include interlock features  1705  disposed along the sides to provide a locking surface.  FIG. 17B  shows solderable standoff  1720  including metal core  1700  and rubber cap  1730 . Full view  1724  and a cross section  1726  of the solderable standoff  1720  is shown. In one embodiment, rubber cap  1730  can be pressed onto metal core  1700  and can engage interlock features  1702 . In one embodiment rubber cap can be made of rubber, compression molded rubber, synthetic rubber or any other compliant material capable of withstanding exposure to temperatures related to soldering. For example, if a reflow solder temperature is about 270 degrees C., then material for rubber cap  1730  should be capable of withstanding exposure of at least 270 degrees C. Assembled standoff can be soldered to a PCB with conventional soldering methods. Typically a land pattern sized in accordance with the metal core  1700  can be provided on the PCB. Standoff  1720  can provide spacing control between a PCB and any other object such as another PCB, mechanical assembly or other component. Rubber cap  1730  can provide compliance between PCB and any other object, particularly in instances when an impulse may be applied to personal computing device  100 . 
       FIGS. 18A-18B  are illustrations of a solderable threaded standoff, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure.  FIG. 18A  shows metal core  1800  in both a full view  1804  and a cross-section view  1806 . Metal core  1800  can be solder to a PCB with traditional soldering processes. Metal core  1800  can include interlock features  1802 . Metal core  1800  can include a threaded hole  1810  that can be configured to receive a fastener, such as a screw. 
       FIG. 18B  shows solderable threaded standoff  1820  in full view  1824  and in cross-section  1826 . Solderable threaded standoff  1820  can include metal core  1800  and rubber outer sleeve  1830 . Rubber outer sleeve  1830  can be pressed onto metal core  1800  and can engage interlock features  1802 . Rubber outer sleeve  1830  can provide a compliant sleeve as well as provide a cosmetic cover for the metal core  1800 . Material selected for rubber outer sleeve  1830  should be tolerant of typical soldering temperatures. Solderable threaded standoff  1820  can be soldered to a PCB and provide threaded anchor points for additional PCBs or other components. In one embodiment, metal core  1800  can extend at least 0.4 mm beyond rubber outer sleeve  1830  to ease the soldering process. 
       FIGS. 19A-19B  are illustrations of another embodiment of a solderable standoff in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure.  FIG. 19A  shows metal core  1900  in both full view  1904  and cross-section view  1906 . Metal core  1900  is symmetric with respect to top and bottom surfaces so that either or both surfaces can be soldered to a PCB. Metal core  1900  can include interlock features  1902 . In one embodiment, metal core  1900  can include a threaded hole  1910  configured to receive a fastener. In other embodiments, hole  1910  can be smooth and without threads. 
       FIG. 19B  shows solderable standoff  1920  in full view  1924  and in cross-section  1926 . Solderable standoff  1920  can include metal core  1900  and rubber outer sleeve  1930 . Rubber outer sleeve  1930  can be pressed onto metal core  1900  and can engage interlock features  1902 . Rubber outer sleeve  1830  can provide a compliant sleeve as well as provide a cosmetic cover for the metal core  1900 . Material selected for rubber outer sleeve  1930  should be tolerant of typical soldering temperatures. Solderable standoff  1920  can be soldered to a PCB and provide threaded anchor points for additional PCBs or other components. In one embodiment, metal core  1900  can extend at least 0.4 mm beyond rubber outer sleeve  1930  to ease the soldering process. 
       FIGS. 20A-20B  are illustrations of yet another embodiment of a solderable standoff  FIG. 20A  shows metal core  2000  in full view  2004  and cross-section  2006 . Metal core  2000  can include threaded hole  2010  disposed in the center of metal core  2000 . Metal core can also include groove  2002 . Metal core  2000  can be soldered to a substrate, such as PCB to provide a threaded anchoring point.  FIG. 20B  shows solderable standoff  2020  in full view  2024  and cross-section  2026 . Plastic outer sleeve  2030  can be pressed over metal core  2000  after metal core  2000  has undergone the soldering process. Since plastic outer sleeve  2030  does not have to withstand relatively high temperatures related to soldering, material selection for plastic outer sleeve  2030  can be less restrictive compared to material selection for rubber cover described in  FIGS. 17A-17B ,  FIGS. 18A-18B  and  FIGS. 19A-19B .  FIG. 20B  also shows fastener  2035  engaged in threaded hole  2010 . 
     Portable computing device  100  can include internal components configured to wirelessly transfer data with wireless access points. One or more antennas are typically used to connect with the wireless access points. In one embodiment, one or more antennas can be concealed by cosmetic wall  404  near the region of clutch assembly  110 . 
       FIG. 21  illustrates an antenna assembly  2100 , in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. The antenna assembly  2100  can include antenna array  2102  and shield  2106 . Antenna array  2102  can be configured to support one or more antennas for communication with other wireless devices such as wireless access points or even other portable computing devices. Two or more antennas can be used to enhance wireless communications through diversity or multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technologies. Antenna array  2102  can include a support structure  2110  that can be formed from a polymer, plastic or any other technically feasible radio frequency transparent material. One or more antenna elements  2104  can be disposed on support structure  2110 . Antenna elements  2104  can be driven elements, or non-driven elements such as directors or reflectors. In one embodiment, support structure  2110  can include a first antenna with a first radiation pattern and a second antenna with a second radiation pattern. 
     Shield  2106  can be coupled to antenna array  2102 . Shield  2106  can be formed from a conductive material such as steel or aluminum, or can be formed from a non-conductive material made conductive with conductive coatings or paints. When shield  2106  is coupled to antenna array  2102 , shield  2106  can act as a ground plane for antenna elements  2104 . Shield  2106  can include one or more contact points  2108  that can be configured to engage with and make electrical contact with a conductive surface. In one embodiment, contact points  2108  can engage with rear cover  122  in lid portion  108  of portable computing device  100 . When shield  2106  is coupled to ground through contact points  2108 , shield  2106  can also be grounded and can act as an electromagnetic interference (EMI) shield that can reduce sensitivity of circuit element to EMI emissions. In one embodiment, when shield  2106  is grounded, shield  2106  can protect antenna array  2102  from EMI sources that can be nearby. 
       FIG. 22  shows antenna assembly coupled to rear cover  122 , in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. Rear cover  122  can be formed from a conductive material such as aluminum and can have a protective coating such as an anodization layer. Rear cover  122  can include an edge  2202  that can be configured to receive contact points  2108 . In one embodiment, edge  2202  can have the protective coating removed prior to receiving contact points  2108 . In one embodiment, contact points  2108  can be spaced by a predetermined amount. For example, contact points  2108  can be spaced apart by 12 mm, 
       FIG. 23  shows section A-A ( 2300 ) from  FIG. 22 . Section A-A shows a relationship between shield  2106  and edge  2202  of antenna assembly  2100  in one region of rear cover  122 . In this view, driver IC  1218 A is shown in relation to rear cover  122  and antenna assembly  2100 . Cosmetic wall  404  is also illustrated surrounding driver board  818 A and antenna assembly  2100 . Contact point  2108  is shown engaging with edge  2202  of rear cover  122 . When rear cover  122  is grounded, then shield  2106  is coupled to ground as well. 
       FIG. 23B  shows section B-B ( 2310 ) from  FIG. 22 . Rear cover  122  and edge  2202  are shown in relation to contact point  2108  from shield  2106 . This view particularly illustrates the contact point  2108  can engage a second surface of edge  2202 . By engaging opposing surfaces of edge  2202 , shield  2106  can be configured to at least partially mechanically attach to edge  2202 . 
       FIG. 24  illustrates feature plate  2400  used to support and enclose a keyboard module fastened to top case  106  by way of numerous fasteners  2402  such as screws, rivets, etc. Numerous advantages, however, can be realized by way of having a feature plate  2400  that is riveted to a top case  106  by way of multiple rivets  2402  to enclose various internal components therein. For example, the combination of the top case  106  and steel feature plate  2400  can result in the creation of an effective EMI shield (shown and described in more detail below) that can take the form of a Faraday cage type shield. This EMI shielding effect is enhanced by the use of numerous fastening points held together by rivets  2402 , which tends to seal off the internal components of the keyboard better than when fewer fastening points are used, such as in a screw or bolt type arrangement. This EMI shield then effectively isolates the keyboard in an EMI sense from various other components in the computing device, such as the processor or any antenna that may be at the device. 
     As another benefit, using a rivet rather than other types of fastening components, such as screws, bolts and the like results in no need for the fastening component to extend through the top case  106 . This is also advantageous in that manufacturing riveting processes can be significantly faster than similar screwing or bolting processes, in that the obverse side of the components being riveted does not need to be accessed in some cases, such as that which is disclosed above. Another benefit that can be realized by using rivets instead of screws is that the overall assembly can be thinner, particularly since there is no longer a need to accommodate threaded structures or components, which can take up space. 
     The use of rivets rather than screws can lead to simpler manufacturing processes that tend to save costs, are faster, and can also result in the use of more fastening points, which in turn leads to greater integrity in components that are fastened together more reliably. The overall feel of a riveted together top case, keyboard and feature plate assembly is also improved by using rivets rather than screws, as the combination of components tends to be stiffer, more stable, and more affixed together as an overall assembly. 
     Accordingly,  FIG. 25  shows cross section C-C shown in  FIG. 24  illustrating the relationship between keyboard support rib  714  and how it can provide a reference datum for both an EMI shield and light trap. Moreover, keyboard support rib  714  can have an enhanced thickness “t” in order to provide a substantially increased resistance to flexing or bending (that is proportional to t 3 ). Keyboard assembly  2500  can include a keycap (not shown) disposed within well  2550 . Keyboard dome sheet  2504  can be used to translate a physical key press at keycap  118  to an electrical switching event that can be received at keyboard membrane  2506 . Keyboard feature plate  2400  can be formed of a metal such as steel. In the described embodiment, keyboard feature plate  2400  can be used to support keyboard membrane  2506 , keyboard dome sheet  2504 , and mask  2510  in contact with first surface  2512  that masks light from LGP  1208  in accordance with pre-selected illuminated portions of keycap  118 . Light from LGP  1208  is provided by a discrete light source such as an LED  1212 . In one embodiment, LEDs  1212  can In order to maximize the amount of light provided to keycap  118  at first surface  2512 , reflector layer  2516  can be disposed on second surface  2518  of LGP  1208 . Reflector layer  2516  can be a metallic foil that in combination with keyboard feature plate  2400  can form an enclosure that is well suited for trapping excess light from LED  1212  as well any EMI generated by keyboard membrane  1006 . As shown, keyboard support rib  714  can act as a reference datum for reflector layer  2516 . In this way, feature plate  2400  and reflector layer  1016  together can completely seal LGP  1208  to prevent excess light and EM radiation from escaping. LED  1212  can be disposed on driver board  2520  and can emit light substantially parallel to the driver board  2520 . In one embodiment, LEDs  1212  can emit light into one edge of the LGP  1208 . Driver board  2520  can be a printed circuit board, a flexible circuit board, a rigid flex board, or any other feasible substrate. Driver board  2520  can provide a substrate to mount LEDs  1212  and can route power to the LEDs  2505 . In some embodiments, light guide panel  1208  can be configured to adjust light distribution to more evenly distribute light. Generally elements such as key caps closer to light sources can appear brighter than elements further away from light sources. To address this shortcoming, the LGP  1208  can be configured to adjust an amount of light appearing at each key cap. In one embodiment, LGP  1208  can be made less efficient at predetermined locations. 
       FIG. 26  is another view of keyboard assembly  2500 . This view highlights LED  1212  placement along one edge of keyboard assembly  2500 . In one embodiment, arranging LEDs  1212  along one edge of the assembly  2500  can provide a more uniform light distribution into LGP  1208  which can produce a more uniform distribution of light to key caps  118 . Furthermore, since light from LEDs  1212  is propagated along a relatively shorter axis of keyboard assembly  2500 , light losses related to distance is reduced. LED  1212  placement along one edge also can reduce self shadowing effects caused by an LED placed with the field. 
       FIGS. 27A  and B are views of a camera assembly  2700 . Camera assembly can be a portion of image capture device  126  shown in  FIG. 1 .  FIG. 27A  shows a side view of camera assembly  2700  can include stiffener  2710 , image sensor  2712  and one or more lenses  2714 . Stiffener  2710  can be relatively thin yet rigid to support and protect image sensor  2712 . In one embodiment, stiffener  2710  can be a metal, such as aluminum; however, other material can be used such as reinforced plastics, fiberglass or other materials with similar material properties. As shown, stiffener  2710  can provide a mounting surface for image sensor  2712  while also protecting at least one side of image sensor  2712  from external forces, such as pressure. Additionally, sensor  2712  can be stiffened in accordance with the stiffness of stiffener  2710 . Stiffener  2710  can also include a pocket  2720  that can accept image sensor  2712 . In one embodiment image sensor  2712  can be affixed to stiffener  2710  with an adhesive such as glue or a pressure sensitive adhesive. A circuit board  2740  can be disposed on stiffener  2710 . In one embodiment, circuit board  2740  can be a flexible circuit board. In other embodiments, circuit board  2740  can be a rigid-flex board, a rigid board, or any other technically feasible substrate. Circuit board  2740  can also support light sensor  2718  that can detect environmental (local, and/or ambient) light levels with which can be used to control display brightness. Circuit board  2740  can also support LED  2712 . LED  2712  can be used to indicate image sensor operation or status. Bond wires  2716  can couple signals from image sensor  2712  through circuit board  2740  to circuits for processing data from image sensor. In one embodiment, bond wires  2716  can couple image sensor data to a processing circuit that can receive these signals and encode the image data as USB data.  FIG. 27B  shows a top view of one embodiment of camera assembly  2700 . 
       FIG. 28  is an illustration of an electro-mechanical interlock assembly  2800 , in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. The electro-mechanical interlock (hereinafter referred to as the interlock) can advantageously couple two or more PCBs within portable computing device  100  while contemporaneously controlling current flow in an electric circuit. The interlock assembly  2800  includes a first PCB  2812  and a second PCB  2802 . Second PCB can include a first conductor  2806  and a second conductor  2804  separated by a gap (not shown in figure). Interlock assembly  2800  can also include a locking bracket  2814  and fastener  2818 . 
     When fastener  2818  is used to couple first PCB  2812  to second PCB  2802 , flat surface  2816  of fastener  2818  can contact and electrically couple first conductor  2806  to second conductor  2804 . In one embodiment, first conductor  2806  and second conductor  2804  can be PCB land patterns corresponding to flat surface  2816 . First conductor  2806  and second conductor  2804  can be copper, tinned copper, or any other technically feasible conductive material. In one embodiment a battery voltage can be coupled to first conductor  2806  through circuit  2808 . In this embodiment, fastener  2818  can act as a battery disconnect switch and prevent mechanical or cosmetic damage that can occur when otherwise disconnecting the battery. 
       FIG. 29  is an illustration  2900  of one embodiment of a conductive elastomer in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, the conductive elastomer can be formed from a silver loaded silicone. In another embodiment, the conductive elastomer can be formed from styrene, nitrile, neoprene or other compliant material that can be made conductive with an addition silver, copper, aluminum or any other technically feasible material. The selected materials forming the conductive elastomer provide a solid yet compliant elastomer that can deform at least partially when compressed. 
     Portable computing device  100  can include many sources of electrical noise that, if unconstrained, can cause undue interference to neighboring electrical devices. In the exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 29 , a heat pipe  758  can have received EMI radiation from sources within the portable computing device  100 . Fastener  2902  can be used to mechanically anchor heat pipe  758  to a fixture  2904  that can in turn be coupled to top case  106  (not shown). In one embodiment, conductive elastomer  2906  can be affixed to fastener  2902 . Fastener  2902  can also receive an electrically conductive finish such as bright nickel, chrome or the like. When bottom case  104  is affixed to top case  106 , bottom case  104  can come into contact with conductive elastomer  2906  and provide a ground signal pathway from bottom case  104  through conductive elastomer  2906  to heat pipe  758 . The ground signal pathway can help attenuate EMI signals that may be present on heat pipe  758 , especially when bottom case  104  is coupled to a low impedance ground source. In one embodiment, a ground signal pathway can be enhanced by placing a fastener including the conductive elastomer in the region requiring ground signal pathway improvement. 
     In one embodiment conductive elastomer  2906  can be configured to be a dome shape. In this embodiment, conductive elastomer  2906  can cosmetically enhance internal components of portable computing device  100 . In another embodiment, conductive elastomer  2906  can be configured to be a cylindrical shape. In this embodiment, access to screw  2902  is provided even when conductive elastomer  2906  is in place on screw  2902 , enhancing serviceability of some internal components. 
     Although the foregoing disclosure has been described in detail by way of illustration and example for purposes of clarity and understanding, it will be recognized that the above described disclosure may be embodied in numerous other specific variations and embodiments without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the disclosure. Certain changes and modifications may be practiced, and it is understood that the disclosure is not to be limited by the foregoing details, but rather is to be defined by the scope of the appended claims.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20120608
Publication Date: 20141125
Grant Date: 20141125
Priority Date: 20120608
Inventors: DEGNER BRETT W.
LIGTENBERG CHRISTIAAN A.
HOPKINSON RON A.
KESSLER PATRICK
HAMEL BRADLEY J.
MATHEW DINESH C.
BROCK JOHN M.
HENDREN KEITH J.
AUGENBERGS PETERIS K.
GIDDINGS JOSS N.
WALDON MATTHEW C.
HAZEGH CINA
CASEBOLT MATTHEW P.
SCHWALBACH CHARLES A.
SMITH BRANDON S.
LEGGETT WILLIAM F.
REID GAVIN J.
TATE TOM
THOMASON GARY
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G06F1/1658", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "F16B37/061", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/184", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/184", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1656", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/187", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/203", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1681", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/169", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1698", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/2266", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1616", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1658", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/203", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "F16B37/061", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1637", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1698", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/2266", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/187", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/169", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 49712404