PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-11018730-B2
Application Number: US-201816484040-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Method and apparatus for interference measurement using beam management reference signal

Abstract:
Provided herein are a method and an apparatus for interference measurement using a beam management reference signal (BM-RS). The disclosure provides an apparatus for a user equipment (UE), comprising circuitry configured to: decode one or more beam management reference signals broadcasted by a Transmission Reception Point (TRP) in a cell, wherein the one or more beam management reference signals are used by the TRP to perform beam management for respective one or more other UEs in the cell; and measure interference from the one or more other UEs in the cell based on the decoded one or more beam management reference signals. According to some embodiments, the overhead for the interference measurement can be reduced since it is not necessary to allocate a separate CSI-RS for the purpose of interference measurement.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An apparatus for a User Equipment (UE), comprising:
 a radio frequency (RF) interface to receive beam management reference signals broadcasted by a Transmission Reception Point (TRP) in a cell, wherein the beam management reference signals are used by the TRP to perform beam management for respective other UEs in the cell; and 
 processing circuitry coupled with the RF interface, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to: 
 decode the beam management reference signals; 
 decode an indication received from the TRP that indicates a subset of the decoded beam management reference signals as an interference measurement resource (IMR) to measure interference from a respective subset of the other UEs in the cell, wherein at least one of the decoded beam management reference signals is associated with a particular UE in the subset of the other UEs; 
 select the subset of the decoded beam management reference signals as the IMR according to the indication from the TRP; and 
 measure interference from the other UEs in the subset based on the selected subset of the decoded beam management reference signals. 
 
     
     
       2. The apparatus of  claim 1 , wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:
 generate an interference report including the measured interference from each of the respective subset of the other UEs; and 
 send the interference report to the TRP. 
 
     
     
       3. The apparatus of  claim 1 , wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:
 perform a channel estimation for the UE based on abeam management reference signal specific to a respective other UE of the other UEs to get an estimated channel characteristic H of the UE subject to interference from the respective other UE; and 
 obtain the interference from the respective other UE as R=H* H . 
 
     
     
       4. The apparatus of  claim 1 , wherein the beam management reference signals comprise periodic beam management reference signals broadcasted by the TRP to perform an initial beam acquisition for the respective other UEs in the cell. 
     
     
       5. The apparatus of  claim 1 , wherein the beam management reference signals comprise aperiodic beam management reference signals broadcasted by the TRP to perform a TRP transmission beam refinement for the respective other UEs in the cell. 
     
     
       6. The apparatus of  claim 4 , wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:
 measure the interference from the other UEs in the cell based on the periodic beam management reference signals, in response to a trigger signal from the TRP for notifying the UE to perform the interference measurement; and 
 stop measuring the interference from the other UEs in the cell based on the periodic beam management reference signals, in response to a trigger signal from the TRP for notifying the UE to stop the interference measurement. 
 
     
     
       7. The apparatus of  claim 1 , wherein the beam management reference signals comprise a Zero Power Channel Status Information Reference Signal (ZP CSI-RS), a Non-zero Power Channel Status Information Reference Signal (NZP CSI-RS) or a Demodulation Reference Signal (DM-RS). 
     
     
       8. The apparatus of  claim 1 , wherein when the UE and the TRP operate in a dynamic Time Division Duplexing (TDD) mode, and wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:
 decode uplink beam management reference signals transmitted respectively by other UEs in a neighbor cell for uplink beam management; and 
 measure interference from the other UEs in the neighbor cell based on the decoded uplink beam management reference signals. 
 
     
     
       9. The apparatus of  claim 8 , wherein the uplink beam management reference signals comprise a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), a Physical Uplink Control Chanel (PUCCH) signal or a Physical Random Access Chanel (PRACH) signal. 
     
     
       10. The apparatus of  claim 8 , wherein when the cell and the neighbor cell are not synchronized, the processing circuitry is further configured to:
 determine a measurement gap based on a timing difference between the cell and the neighbor cell; and 
 measure the interference from the other UEs in the neighbor cell at a timing scheduled according to the determined measurement gap and a timing of measuring the interference from the other UEs in the cell. 
 
     
     
       11. The apparatus of  claim 8 , wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:
 generate an interference report including both the measured interference from the other UEs in the cell and the measured interference from the other UEs in the neighbor cell; and 
 send the interference report to the TRP. 
 
     
     
       12. An apparatus for a User Equipment (UE), comprising:
 a radio frequency (RF) interface to receive uplink beam management reference signals transmitted respectively by other UEs in a neighbor cell for uplink beam management; and 
 processing circuitry coupled with the RF interface, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to:
 decode uplink beam management reference signals from a subset of the other UEs, wherein the subset of the other UEs is selected based at least on an indication received from a Transmission Reception Point (TRP) that indicates beam management reference signals corresponding to the subset of the other UEs as an interference measurement resource (IMR); and 
 measure interference from the subset of the other UEs in the neighbor cell based on the decoded uplink beam management reference signals. 
 
 
     
     
       13. The apparatus of  claim 12 , wherein the uplink beam management reference signals comprise a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), a Physical Uplink Control Chanel (PUCCH) signal or a Physical Random Access Chanel (PRACH) signal. 
     
     
       14. An apparatus for a Transmission Reception Point (TRP), comprising:
 a radio frequency (RF) interface; and 
 processing circuitry coupled with the RF interface, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to:
 broadcast beam management reference signals to User Equipments (UEs) in a cell to perform beam management for the UEs; and 
 encode an indication to be transmitted to an UE in the cell for indicating a subset of the beam management reference signals as interference measurement resource (IMR) for the UE to measure interference from a respective subset of other UEs in the cell, wherein at least one of the beam management reference signals in the subset of the beam management reference signals is associated with a particular UE in the subset of the other UEs, and 
 wherein the RF interface is configured to transmit the encoded indication to the UE. 
 
 
     
     
       15. The apparatus of  claim 14 , wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to: receive, from the UE, an interference report including the measured interference from each of the respective subset of the other UEs in the cell. 
     
     
       16. The apparatus of  claim 14 , wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:
 dynamically configure the indication via higher layer signaling or downlink control information (DCI). 
 
     
     
       17. The apparatus of  claim 14 , wherein the beam management reference signals comprise periodic beam management reference signals broadcasted by the TRP to perform an initial beam acquisition for the UEs in the cell. 
     
     
       18. The apparatus of  claim 14 , wherein the beam management reference signals comprise aperiodic beam management reference signals broadcasted by the TRP to perform a TRP transmission beam refinement for the UEs in the cell. 
     
     
       19. The apparatus of  claim 17 , wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to: encode a trigger signal to be transmitted to the UE for notifying the UE to perform the interference measurement based on the periodic beam management reference signals or stop the interference measurement based on the periodic beam management reference signals. 
     
     
       20. The apparatus of  claim 14 , wherein the beam management reference signals comprise a Zero Power Channel Status Information Reference Signal (ZP CSI-RS), a Non-zero Power Channel Status Information Reference Signal (NZP CSI-RS) or a Demodulation Reference Signal (DM-RS). 
     
     
       21. The apparatus of  claim 14 , wherein when the UE and the TRP operate in a dynamic Time Division Duplexing (TDD) mode, and wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:
 receive, from the UE, an interference report including both the interference from the other UEs in the cell and interference from other UEs in a neighbor cell, 
 wherein the interference from the other UEs in the neighbor cell is measured by the UE based on uplink beam management reference signals transmitted respectively by the other UEs in the neighbor cell for uplink beam management. 
 
     
     
       22. The apparatus of  claim 21 , wherein the uplink beam management reference signals comprise a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), a Physical Uplink Control Chanel (PUCCH) signal or a Physical Random Access Chanel (PRACH) signal. 
     
     
       23. The apparatus of  claim 21 , wherein when the cell and the neighbor cell are not synchronized, the processing circuitry is further configured to:
 determine a measurement gap based on a timing difference between the cell and the neighbor cell; and 
 indicate the UE to measure the interference from the other UEs in the neighbor cell at a timing scheduled according to the determined measurement gap and a timing of measuring the interference from the other UEs in the cell.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a national phase entry under 35 U.S.C. § 371 of International Application No. PCT/CN2018/085318, filed May 2, 2018, entitled “METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR INTERFERENCE MEASUREMENT USING BEAM MANAGEMENT REFERENCE SIGNAL,” which claims priority to International Application No. PCT/CN2017/082730 filed on May 2, 2017, entitled “INTERFERENCE MEASUREMENT USING BEAM MANAGEMENT REFERENCE SIGNAL”, which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties for all purposes. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of wireless communications, and particularly to a method and an apparatus for interference measurement using a beam management reference signal (BM-RS). 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     In order to do link adaptation, it is important to estimate interference so that a channel quality indication (CQI) can be calculated accurately. Interference measurement resource (IMR) needs to be allocated to perform interference measurement. The IMR transmission may be periodic, semi-persistent or aperiodic and the IMR may be based on a channel status information reference signal (CSI-RS), including a zero-power CSI-RS (ZP CSI-RS) and a non-zero power CSI-RS (NZP CSI-RS). 
     SUMMARY 
     An embodiment of the disclosure provides an apparatus for a user equipment (UE), including circuitry configured to: decode one or more beam management reference signals broadcasted by a Transmission Reception Point (TRP) in a cell, wherein the one or more beam management reference signals are used by the TRP to perform beam management for respective one or more other UEs in the cell; and measure interference from the one or more other UEs in the cell based on the decoded one or more beam management reference signals. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Embodiments of the disclosure will be illustrated, by way of example and not limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings in which like reference numerals refer to similar elements. 
         FIG. 1  shows an architecture of a system of a network in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 2  is a flow chart showing operations for interference measurement based on periodic downlink beam management reference signals (DL BM-RSs) in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 3  shows an example time chart of interference measurement and report based on periodic DL BM-RSs in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 4  is a flow chart showing operations for interference measurement based on semi-persistent DL BM-RSs in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 5  shows an example time chart of interference measurement and report based on semi-persistent DL BM-RSs in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 6  is a flow chart showing operations for interference measurement based on aperiodic DL BM-RSs in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 7  shows an example time chart of interference measurement and report based on aperiodic DL BM-RSs in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 8  is a flow chart showing operations for interference measurement based on both uplink beam management reference signals (UL BM-RSs) and DL BM-RSs in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 9  illustrates example components of a device in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 10  illustrates example interfaces of baseband circuitry in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 11  is a block diagram illustrating components, according to some example embodiments of the disclosure, able to read instructions from a machine-readable or computer-readable medium and perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     Various aspects of the illustrative embodiments will be described using terms commonly employed by those skilled in the art to convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many alternate embodiments may be practiced using portions of the described aspects. For purposes of explanation, specific numbers, materials, and configurations are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the illustrative embodiments. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that alternate embodiments may be practiced without the specific details. In other instances, well known features may have been omitted or simplified in order to avoid obscuring the illustrative embodiments. 
     Further, various operations will be described as multiple discrete operations, in turn, in a manner that is most helpful in understanding the illustrative embodiments; however, the order of description should not be construed as to imply that these operations are necessarily order dependent. In particular, these operations need not be performed in the order of presentation. 
     The phrase “in an embodiment” is used repeatedly herein. The phrase generally does not refer to the same embodiment; however, it may. The terms “comprising,” “having,” and “including” are synonymous, unless the context dictates otherwise. The phrases “A or B” and “A/B” mean “(A), (B), or (A and B).” 
     In a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, an interference measurement resource (IMR) has been introduced to allow interference measurements on predetermined resources configured for a User Equipment (UE). The IMR in the LTE system is generally based on periodic zero-power channel status information reference signals (ZP CSI-RS). 
     The IMR may allow the UE to capture interference characteristics. In a fifth generation (5G) or New Radio (NR) system, the ZP CSI-RS could be used as the IMR for the UE in a similar manner with that in the LTE system, especially, for inter-cell interference measurement. It can be easily supported by zero-power transmission (no transmission) on the resource elements (REs) allocated for the interference measurement. Consequently, the UE can utilize the corresponding REs to estimate the inter-cell interference which corresponds to the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) transmission of a neighbor Transmission Reception Point (TRP). The approach is considered to be suitable for the conventional inter-cell interference measurement, and causes relatively low overhead. 
     However, it should be noted that in the scenario of the 5G or NR system supporting Multi-User Multi-Input Multi-Output (MU-MIMO) operations, such a periodic ZP CSI-RS transmission may be inefficient for intra-cell interference measurement. For example, due to dynamic scheduling decisions for MU-MIMO, the intra-cell interference measurement for CSI could be dynamic. For one UE which is measuring interference on one ZP CSI-RS based resource, some other UEs without data transmission at the instance of interference measurement might send data at the instance of scheduled transmission. It may lead to the interference which is not reflected in the result of interference measurement. In this case, the interference measurement based on the semi-statically configured periodic ZP CSI-RS may not be helpful enough to accurately estimate intra-cell interference from different UEs. Thus, the corresponding CSI reporting may not be able to reflect the real channel condition, which degrades the performance of link adaptation. 
     A possible way of intra-cell interference measurement in the scenario of MU-MIMO is to utilize a UE-specific non-zero-power CSI-RS (NZP CSI-RS) as the IMR, where the TRP can estimate the interference from co-scheduled UEs on the corresponding NZP CSI-RS. That is, the TRP can get interference caused by the combination of any paired UEs with beam-formed CSI-RS transmission. 
     There might be two ways for the intra-cell interference measurement by using the UE-specific NZP CSI-RS. 
     The first approach is that the UE acquires the CSI from the serving TRP based on a one-shot CSI-RS transmission. It is assumed that NZP CSI-RS of all scheduled UEs are colliding with each other. The transmitted UE-specific NZP CSI-RS is used for both channel and interference measurements. That is, the UE performs channel estimation and then subtracts the estimation of received desired signal from the whole received signal to accomplish the intra-cell and inter-cell interference measurement. The interference caused by all other paired UEs on the paired UEs&#39; NZP CSI-RSs are accounted as intra-cell interference. In general, the intra-cell interference measurement based on the one-shot CSI-RS transmission requires higher density of NZP CSI-RS according to results of link-level evaluation. 
     In order to keep the CSI-RS density low, the other approach for the intra-cell interference measurement using NZP CSI-RS is based on channel estimation with the NZP CSI-RS of other UEs and interference emulation. In this approach, a victim UE can use the NZP CSI-RS transmitted to an aggressor UE, to estimate the channel characteristics (denoted as H i ) of the victim UE subject to the interference from the aggressor UE i . Then the victim UE can obtain the intra-cell interference from the aggressor UE i  as R i =H i *H i   H , where (⋅) H  is the transpose conjugate operation. Herein, the victim UE may refer to the UE which is subject to the interference from the aggressor UEs, and the aggressor UEs may refer to those UEs which may cause interference to the channel of the victim UE. With this approach, it is possible to construct at the victim UE different possible combinations of the intra-cell interference by combining different R i  from different aggressor UE i . In principle, this approach may not require high density of NZP CSI-RS. 
     For the intra-cell interference measurement based on channel estimation with the NZP CSI-RS of other UEs and interference emulation, one issue is the overhead, especially when the number of co-scheduled UEs increases. 
     In order to reduce the overhead, some embodiments of the disclosure provide solutions to utilize beam management reference signals broadcast by the TRP in a cell as the IMR for the intra-cell interference measurement. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates an architecture of a system  100  of a network in accordance with some embodiments. The system  100  is shown to include a user equipment (UE)  101 , a UE  102 , and a UE  103 . The UEs  101 ,  102  and  103  are illustrated as smartphones (e.g., handheld touchscreen mobile computing devices connectable to one or more cellular networks), but may also comprise any mobile or non-mobile computing device, such as Personal Data Assistants (PDAs), pagers, laptop computers, desktop computers, wireless handsets, or any computing device including a wireless communications interface. 
     In some embodiments, any of the UEs  101 ,  102  and  103  can comprise an Internet of Things (IoT) UE, which can comprise a network access layer designed for low-power IoT applications utilizing short-lived UE connections. An IoT UE can utilize technologies such as machine-to-machine (M2M) or machine-type communications (MTC) for exchanging data with an MTC server or device via a public land mobile network (PLMN), Proximity-Based Service (ProSe) or device-to-device (D2D) communication, sensor networks, or IoT networks. The M2M or MTC exchange of data may be a machine-initiated exchange of data. An IoT network describes interconnecting IoT UEs, which may include uniquely identifiable embedded computing devices (within the Internet infrastructure), with short-lived connections. The IoT UEs may execute background applications (e.g., keep-alive messages, status updates, etc.) to facilitate the connections of the IoT network. 
     The UEs  101 ,  102  and  103  may be configured to connect, e.g., communicatively couple, with a radio access network (RAN)  110 —the RAN  110  may be, for example, an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN), a NextGen RAN (NG RAN), or some other type of RAN. The UEs  101 ,  102  and  103  utilize connections  104 ,  105  and  106 , respectively, each of which comprises a physical communications interface or layer (discussed in further detail below); in this example, the connections  103  and  104  are illustrated as an air interface to enable communicative coupling, and can be consistent with cellular communications protocols, such as a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) protocol, a code-division multiple access (CDMA) network protocol, a Push-to-Talk (PTT) protocol, a PTT over Cellular (POC) protocol, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) protocol, a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) protocol, a fifth generation (5G) protocol, a New Radio (NR) protocol, and the like. 
     In this embodiment, the UEs  101  and  102  may further directly exchange communication data via a ProSe interface  107 . The ProSe interface  107  may alternatively be referred to as a sidelink interface comprising one or more logical channels, including but not limited to a Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH), a Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), a Physical Sidelink Discovery Channel (PSDCH), and a Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel (PSBCH). 
     The RAN  110  can include one or more Transmission Reception Points (TRPs)  111  and  112  that enable the connections  104 ,  105  and  106 . Any of the TRPs  111  and  112  can be a part of a base station (BS), a NodeB, an evolved NodeB (eNB), a next Generation NodeB (gNB), a RAN node, and so forth, and can comprise ground stations (e.g., terrestrial access points) or satellite stations providing coverage within a geographic area (e.g., a cell). The TRPs  111  and  112  can supports the MU-MIMO operation. 
     Any of the TRPs  111  and  112  can terminate the air interface protocol and can be the first point of contact for the UEs  101 ,  102  and  103 . In some embodiments, any of the TRPs  111  and  112  can fulfill various logical functions for the RAN  110  including, but not limited to, radio network controller (RNC) functions such as radio bearer management, uplink and downlink dynamic radio resource management and data packet scheduling, and mobility management. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, the UEs  101 ,  102  and  103  can be configured to communicate using Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) communication signals with each other or with any of the TRPs  111  and  112  over a multicarrier communication channel in accordance various communication techniques, such as, but not limited to, an Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) communication technique (e.g., for downlink communications) or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) communication technique (e.g., for uplink and ProSe or sidelink communications), although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. The OFDM signals can comprise a plurality of orthogonal subcarriers. 
     In some embodiments, a downlink resource grid can be used for downlink transmissions from any of the TRPs  111  and  112  to the UEs  101 ,  102  and  103 , while uplink transmissions can utilize similar techniques. The grid can be a time-frequency grid, called a resource grid or time-frequency resource grid, which is the physical resource in the downlink in each slot. Such a time-frequency plane representation is a common practice for OFDM systems, which makes it intuitive for radio resource allocation. Each column and each row of the resource grid corresponds to one OFDM symbol and one OFDM subcarrier, respectively. The duration of the resource grid in the time domain corresponds to one slot in a radio frame. The smallest time-frequency unit in a resource grid is denoted as a resource element. Each resource grid comprises a number of resource blocks, which describe the mapping of certain physical channels to resource elements. Each resource block comprises a collection of resource elements; in the frequency domain, this may represent the smallest quantity of resources that currently can be allocated. There are several different physical downlink channels that are conveyed using such resource blocks. 
     The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) may carry user data and higher-layer signaling to the UEs  101 ,  102  and  103 . The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) may carry information about the transport format and resource allocations related to the PDSCH channel, among other things. It may also inform the UEs  101 ,  102  and  103  about the transport format, resource allocation, and H-ARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request) information related to the uplink shared channel. Typically, downlink scheduling (assigning control and shared channel resource blocks to the UEs within a cell) may be performed at any of the TRPs  111  and  112  based on channel quality information fed back from any of the UEs  101 ,  102  and  103 . The downlink resource assignment information may be sent on the PDCCH used for (e.g., assigned to) each of the UEs  101 ,  102  and  103 . 
     The PDCCH may use control channel elements (CCEs) to convey the control information. Before being mapped to resource elements, the PDCCH complex-valued symbols may first be organized into quadruplets, which may then be permuted using a sub-block interleaver for rate matching. Each PDCCH may be transmitted using one or more of these CCEs, where each CCE may correspond to nine sets of four physical resource elements known as resource element groups (REGs). Four Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) symbols may be mapped to each REG. The PDCCH can be transmitted using one or more CCEs, depending on the size of the downlink control information (DCI) and the channel condition. There can be four or more different PDCCH formats defined in LTE with different numbers of CCEs (e.g., aggregation level, L=1, 2, 4, or 8). 
     Some embodiments may use concepts for resource allocation for control channel information that are an extension of the above-described concepts. For example, some embodiments may utilize an enhanced physical downlink control channel (EPDCCH) that uses PDSCH resources for control information transmission. The EPDCCH may be transmitted using one or more enhanced the control channel elements (ECCEs). Similar to above, each ECCE may correspond to nine sets of four physical resource elements known as an enhanced resource element groups (EREGs). An ECCE may have other numbers of EREGs in some situations. 
     The RAN  110  is shown to be communicatively coupled to a core network (CN)  120 —via an S1 interface  113 . In embodiments, the CN  120  may be an evolved packet core (EPC) network, a NextGen Packet Core (NPC) network, or some other type of CN. In this embodiment the S1 interface  113  is split into two parts: the S1-U interface  114 , which carries traffic data between the TRPs  111  and  112  and the serving gateway (S-GW)  122 , and the S1-mobility management entity (MME) interface  115 , which is a signaling interface between the TRPs  111  and  112  and MMEs  121 . 
     In this embodiment, the CN  120  comprises the MMEs  121 , the S-GW  122 , the Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (P-GW)  123 , and a home subscriber server (HSS)  124 . The MMEs  121  may be similar in function to the control plane of legacy Serving General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Support Nodes (SGSN). The MMEs  121  may manage mobility aspects in access such as gateway selection and tracking area list management. The HSS  124  may comprise a database for network users, including subscription-related information to support the network entities&#39; handling of communication sessions. The CN  120  may comprise one or several HSSs  124 , depending on the number of mobile subscribers, on the capacity of the equipment, on the organization of the network, etc. For example, the HSS  124  can provide support for routing/roaming, authentication, authorization, naming/addressing resolution, location dependencies, etc. 
     The S-GW  122  may terminate the S1 interface  113  towards the RAN  110 , and route data packets between the RAN  110  and the CN  120 . In addition, the S-GW  122  may be a local mobility anchor point for inter-TRP handovers and also may provide an anchor for inter-3GPP mobility. Other responsibilities may include lawful intercept, charging, and some policy enforcement. 
     The P-GW  123  may terminate a SGi interface toward a PDN. The P-GW  123  may route data packets between the EPC network  123  and external networks such as a network including the application server  130  (alternatively referred to as application function (AF)) via an Internet Protocol (IP) interface  125 . Generally, the application server  130  may be an element offering applications that use IP bearer resources with the core network (e.g., UMTS Packet Services (PS) domain, LTE PS data services, etc.). In this embodiment, the P-GW  123  is shown to be communicatively coupled to an application server  130  via an IP communications interface  125 . The application server  130  can also be configured to support one or more communication services (e.g., Voice-over-Internet Protocol (VoIP) sessions, PTT sessions, group communication sessions, social networking services, etc.) for the UEs  101 ,  102  and  103  via the CN  120 . 
     The P-GW  123  may further be a node for policy enforcement and charging data collection. Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCRF)  126  is the policy and charging control element of the CN  120 . In a non-roaming scenario, there may be a single PCRF in the Home Public Land Mobile Network (HPLMN) associated with a UE&#39;s Internet Protocol Connectivity Access Network (IP-CAN) session. In a roaming scenario with local breakout of traffic, there may be two PCRFs associated with a UE&#39;s IP-CAN session: a Home PCRF (H-PCRF) within a HPLMN and a Visited PCRF (V-PCRF) within a Visited Public Land Mobile Network (VPLMN). The PCRF  126  may be communicatively coupled to the application server  130  via the P-GW  123 . The application server  130  may signal the PCRF  126  to indicate a new service flow and select the appropriate Quality of Service (QoS) and charging parameters. The PCRF  126  may provision this rule into a Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCEF) (not shown) with the appropriate traffic flow template (TFT) and QoS class of identifier (QCI), which commences the QoS and charging as specified by the application server  130 . 
     The quantity of devices and/or networks illustrated in  FIG. 1  is provided for explanatory purposes only. In practice, there may be additional devices and/or networks, fewer devices and/or networks, different devices and/or networks, or differently arranged devices and/or networks than illustrated in  FIG. 1 . Alternatively or additionally, one or more of the devices of system  100  may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another one or more of the devices of system  100 . Furthermore, while “direct” connections are shown in  FIG. 1 , these connections should be interpreted as logical communication pathways, and in practice, one or more intervening devices (e.g., routers, gateways, modems, switches, hubs, etc.) may be present. 
       FIG. 2  is a flow chart showing operations for interference measurement based on downlink beam management reference signals (DL BM-RSs) in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure. 
     In the 5G or NR system, beam management will be performed at both the TRP side and the UE side to acquire and maintain optimal TRP and UE beams for communication. For downlink transmission, the beam management may include three procedures: P- 1 , P- 2  and P- 3 . P- 1  is to obtain the initial TRP Tx (transmit) beam and UE Rx (receive) beam. P- 2  is to enable the TRP Tx beam refinement and P- 3  is to enable the UE Rx beam refinement. For downlink beam management procedure P- 1 , the TRP needs to periodically broadcast beam-formed reference signals to UEs within a cell served by the TRP. 
     As proposed above, in the scenario of MU-MIMO, it may be suitable for a victim UE to perform the intra-cell interference measurement based on the channel estimation with the NZP CSI-RSs transmitted to aggressor UEs and the interference emulation. However, this approach may cause a large amount of overhead as the number of co-scheduled UEs increases. 
     In the scenario of MU-MIMO, the DL BM-RSs are periodically broadcast by the TRP to the UEs within a cell in the beam management procedure P- 1  for initial beam acquisition. For example, the DL BM-RSs may include a CSI-RS or a Demodulation Reference Signal (DM-RS). Since the CSI-RS for the beam management procedure P- 1  is beam-formed and periodically transmitted to the UE, which is non-zero power based, the CSI-RS for the beam management procedure P- 1  can be also utilized as a periodic IMR based on NZP CSI-RS. That is, the intra-cell interference measurement can be realized by using the periodic NZP CSI-RS broadcast by the TRP during the beam management procedure P- 1 . In this way, the overhead for the intra-cell interference measurement can be reduced since it is not necessary to allocate a separate CSI-RS for the purpose of intra-cell interference measurement. 
     With the NZP CSI-RSs for the beam management procedure P- 1 , the intra-cell interference measurement based on the channel estimation and the interference emulation could be simplified because the NZP CSI-RSs transmitted to the respective aggressor UEs have been known to the victim UE. For MU-MIMO operations, the TRP can indicate to the victim UE the interference from which aggressor UEs should be measured, or in other words, which NZP CSI-RSs should be measured. The victim UE will measure the interference based on the NZP CSI-RSs sent to the respective aggressor UEs and feedback the interference measurement result to the TRP. The indication of the NZP CSI-RSs to be measured for interference is UE specific and could be dynamically changed. If no NZP CSI-RS is indicated, then the victim UE should not perform the interference measurement based on the periodic NZP CSI-RSs. Otherwise, the UE should perform the interference measurement based on the corresponding NZP CSI-RSs as indicated. 
     Specifically, at  205 , the TRP  111  may broadcast periodic BM-RSs to the UEs in the cell. The periodic BM-RSs are to be utilized by the TRP  111  during the beam management procedure P- 1  to perform an initial beam acquisition for respective UEs in the cell. 
     At  210 , the UE  101  may decode the periodic BM-RSs received from the TRP  111  so as to facilitate the TRP  111  to realize the initial beam acquisition. 
     Meanwhile, according to some embodiments, these periodic BM-RSs may be also utilized as the IMR for the UE  101  to perform the intra-cell interference measurement. 
     Accordingly, at  225 , the UE  101  may measure the intra-cell interference from other UEs in the cell based on the decoded periodic BM-RSs. For example, the periodic BM-RSs may include periodic NZP CSI-RSs. 
     In order to keep the low density of the CSI-RSs for interference measurement, the intra-cell interference of the victim UE (e.g. the UE  101 ) may be measured based on the channel estimation with the NZP CSI-RSs of one or more aggressor UEs and the interference emulation as described above. 
     Specifically, the UE  101  can use the NZP CSI-RS transmitted to an aggressor UE, to estimate the channel characteristics (denoted as HO of the UE  101  subject to the interference from the aggressor UE i . Then the UE  101  can obtain the intra-cell interference from the aggressor UE i  as R i =H i *H i   H , where (⋅) H  is the transpose conjugate operation. 
     Then at  230 , the UE  101  may report the measured interference from each aggressor UE i , i.e. R i , to the TRP  111 . The TRP  111  may perform the interference emulation for any combination of aggressor UEs and then determine appropriate approaches to handle the interference. Alternatively, the interference emulation may be performed at the UE side. In this case, the UE  101  may generate an interference report including the measured interference of a certain combination of one or more aggressor UEs and send the interference report to the TRP. 
     Since there may be only some of the other UEs in the cell that may cause remarkable interference to the victim UE, the victim UE may select a subset of the other UEs in the cell as the aggressor UEs to measure the intra-cell interference or the TRP may indicate the victim UE to select a subset of the other UEs in the cell as the aggressor UEs to measure the intra-cell interference. Accordingly, the victim UE may select a respective subset of the decoded BM-RSs as the IMR to measure the intra-cell interference from the selected subset of the other UEs in the cell. 
     As shown in  FIG. 2 , before measuring the intra-cell interference, at  220 , the UE  101  may select a subset of the decoded BM-RSs corresponding to the selected subset of the other UEs in the cell so as to measure the intra-cell interference from the selected subset of the other UEs in the cell. 
     In some embodiments, the UE  101  may determine the interference from which of the other UEs in the cell should be measured and thus determine which of the decoded BM-RSs should be utilized as the IMR for the intra-cell interference measurement, based on the desire of the UE  101  itself. 
     In some embodiments, the UE  101  may select the subset of the decoded BM-RSs for the intra-cell interference measurement according to an indication from the TRP  111 . For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 2 , at  215 , the TRP  111  may encode an indication and transmit the encoded indication to the UE  101  to indicate the interference from which of the other UEs in the cell should be measured. Since each UE in the cell has a corresponding beam management reference signal specific to the UE, the indication from the TRP is actually to indicate which BM-RSs should be utilized as the IMR to measure the intra-cell interference of the UE. Then according to the indication from the TRP, the UE  101  may select a subset of the decoded BM-RSs to measure the intra-cell interference from a respective subset of the other UEs in the cell. In some embodiments, the indication may be UE specific and may be dynamically configured by the TRP  111  via higher layer signaling or downlink control information (DCI). 
     With the operations in the flow chart of  FIG. 2 , it is possible to measure, at the victim UE, the intra-cell interference from different possible combinations of the aggressor UEs as indicated by the TRP  111  by combining the obtained different interference R i  from each different aggressor UE i . 
       FIG. 3  shows an example time chart of interference measurement and report based on periodic DL BM-RSs in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure. As illustrated in the figure, the BM-RSs are periodically broadcast by the TRP to the UEs in the cell. If the victim UE receives an indication from the TRP for indicating the subset of the BM-RSs for the intra-cell interference measurement, the victim UE should perform the intra-cell interference measurement based on the subset of the BM-RSs and report the measured interference to the TRP periodically. Otherwise, if no BM-RSs are indicated for the intra-cell interference measurement, the UE should not perform the intra-cell interference measurement based on the periodic BM-RSs. 
     Since the reference signals for the beam management procedure P- 1  are periodically broadcast to the UEs in the cell, the intra-cell interference measurement based on the P- 1  BM-RSs is performed periodically and the interference report is sent to the TRP periodically. In some embodiments of the disclosure, the victim UE may conduct the intra-cell interference measurement based on semi-persistent downlink beam management reference signals instead of periodic DL BM-RSs for improved flexibility. 
       FIG. 4  is a flow chart showing operations for interference measurement based on semi-persistent DL BM-RSs in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure. The operations  405 ,  410 ,  415 ,  420  and  430  in the flow chart of  FIG. 4  are the same as the operations  205 ,  210 ,  215 ,  220  and  230  in the flow chart of  FIG. 2 , and thus the detailed description related to these operations will be omitted for conciseness. Different from the interference measurement based on periodic BM-RSs of  FIG. 2 , in  FIG. 4 , the TRP  111  can control the UE  101  to perform or stop the interference measurement by encoding a trigger signal and transmitting the encoded trigger signal to the UE  101  at  435 . Accordingly, at  425 , the UE  101  may measure the intra-cell interference based on the BM-RSs in response to the trigger signal for notifying the UE  101  to perform the interference measurement or stop the intra-cell interference measurement in response to the trigger signal for notifying the UE  101  to stop the interference measurement. In this case, the periodic BM-RSs for the beam management procedure P- 1  are semi-persistently utilized as the IMR for the victim UE to perform the intra-cell interference measurement more flexibly. 
       FIG. 5  shows an example time chart of interference measurement and report based on semi-persistent DL BM-RSs in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure. As illustrated in the figure, the victim UE may perform or stop the interference measurement based on the periodic P- 1  BM-RSs in response to receiving a trigger signal for notifying the victim UE to perform or stop the interference measurement. 
     Another way to improve the flexibility of the intra-cell interference measurement is to utilize BM-RSs for the beam management procedure P- 2  as the IMR for the intra-cell interference measurement of the victim UE. The beam management procedure P- 2  is to refine the TRP Tx beam for downlink transmission. During the procedure P- 2 , the TRP sends beam management reference signals (e.g. CSI-RS) to be measured by the UE and the UE needs to feedback the received signals to complete the beam refinement. The procedure P- 2  may be performed aperiodically. In other words, the TRP may broadcast aperiodic BM-RSs to the UE during the procedure P- 2 . Similar to the P- 1  periodic BM-RSs for the intra-cell interference measurement, the aperiodic BM-RSs can also be reused as the IMR for the UE to perform the intra-cell interference measurement. 
       FIG. 6  is a flow chart showing operations for interference measurement based on aperiodic downlink beam management reference signals in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure. The operations in the flow chart of  FIG. 6  are similar to the operations in the flow chart of  FIG. 2 , except that the P- 2  aperiodic BM-RSs instead of the P- 1  periodic BM-RSs are utilized as the IMR for intra-cell interference measurement. Thus the detailed description related to the operations in  FIG. 6  will be omitted for conciseness. 
     Since the intra-cell interference is to be measured based on the P- 2  aperiodic BM-RSs, the UE can report the intra-cell interference aperiodically. For example, the UE can measure and report the intra-cell interference in response to a trigger signal configured by the TRP for triggering the interference measurement.  FIG. 7  shows an example time chart of interference measurement and report based on aperiodic BM-RSs in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure. As shown in the figure, the aperiodic NZP CSI-RSs for the P- 2  beam management procedure may be also indicated as the aperiodic IMR for the intra-cell interference measurement. In this way, the flexibility of the intra-cell interference can be further increased, and the overhead for the intra-cell interference can be reduced. 
     In addition to the intra-cell interference as discussed above, the UE may be subject to interference from other UEs in a neighbor cell, especially when the UE and the TRP are working in a dynamic Time Division Duplexing (TDD) mode. In the dynamic TDD mode, a downlink transmission of a UE in a cell may be subject to interference from an uplink transmission of other UEs in a neighbor cell. Sometimes the interference from the other UEs in the neighbor cell may be more significant than the intra-cell interference of the UE. Thus in order to estimate the channel status information of the UE in the dynamic TDD mode more accurately, it may be necessary to measure the interference from the other UEs in the neighbor cell. 
     In the 5G or NR system supporting MU-MIMO operations, UL beam management has been considered to maintain a good UE-TRP beam pair. For the UEs with beam correspondence, the UEs could directly reuse the DL Rx beam to be the UL Tx beam. However, for those without beam correspondence, some uplink beam sweeping operations should be used to help the UEs to determine the best UL Tx beam. Further in the TRP side, without beam correspondence, the TRP cannot easily determine which beam is to be used to receive the UL signal. Hence the UL beam management are to be supported for the case when partial or no beam correspondence can be guaranteed. 
     Similar to the DL beam management, UL beam management reference signals are used to perform the UL beam management. Likewise, the UL beam management reference signals transmitted by the other UEs in the neighbor cell can also be utilized as the IMR for the UE to measure the interference from the other UEs in the neighbor cell. 
     In some embodiments, it is proposed to measure interference by reusing both uplink beam management reference signals and downlink beam management reference signals as the IMR of the UE  101 .  FIG. 8  is a flow chart showing operations at the UE  101  for interference measurement based on both uplink beam management reference signals (UL BM-RSs) and DL BM-RSs in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure. 
     At  810 , it may be determined whether the UE  101  and the TRP  111  are operating in the dynamic TDD mode. If they are not operating in the dynamic TDD mode, the UE  101  may just measure the intra-cell interference from other UEs in a same cell based on DL BM-RSs as described above. Specifically, the UE  101  may decode the DL BM-RSs broadcast by the TRP  111  for DL beam management at  815  and then measure the intra-cell interference from other UEs in the same cell based on the decoded DL BM-RSs at  820 . For the details of the operations  815  and  820 , references may be made to the description about the foregoing embodiments as shown in  FIG. 2  to  FIG. 7 . 
     If the UE  101  and the TRP  111  are operating in the dynamic TDD mode, the interference from other UEs in the neighbor cell may be a main interference source and thus need to be measured so as to accurately estimate the total interference. Thus, at  825 , the UE  101  may decode UL BM-RSs transmitted by other UEs in the neighbor cell for UL beam management. As an example, the UL BM-RSs may include a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), a Physical Uplink Control Chanel (PUCCH) signal or a Physical Random Access Chanel (PRACH) signal. Then, the UE  101  may utilize the decoded UL BM-RSs as the IMR to measure the interference from the other UEs in the neighbor cell. 
     In order to accurately measure the total interference on the UE  101  from the other UEs in the same cell and the other UEs in the neighbor cell, an issue regarding the synchronization of the network (e.g. RAN  110 ) should be taken into account. If the network is synchronized, i.e. the cell and the neighbor cell is synchronized, the UE  101  can measure the interference from the other UEs in the neighbor cell with the UL DM-RSs as the IMR at  835  at a same timing as that of measuring the intra-cell interference from the other UEs in the cell based on the DL DM-RSs. Otherwise, if the network is not synchronized, i.e. the cell and the neighbor cell is not synchronized, a measurement gap may be determined at  840  based on a timing difference between the cell and the neighbor cell. Here, the measurement gap is a gap between a timing of measuring the interference from the other UEs in the cell and a timing of measuring the interference from the other UEs in the neighbor cell. Then the UE  101  may measure the interference from the other UEs in the neighbor cell based on the decoded UL BM-RSs at a timing scheduled according to the determined measurement gap and the timing of measuring the interference from the other UEs in the cell at  845 . 
     In this way, in the dynamic TDD mode, both the interference from the other UEs in the cell and the interference from the other UEs in the neighbor cell can be measured with the DL BM-RSs and the UL BM-RSs respectively. As a result, the UE  101  can report both the interference from the other UEs in the cell and the interference from the other UEs in the neighbor cell to the TRP  111  at  850 . 
     Embodiments described herein may be implemented into a device using any suitably configured hardware and/or software.  FIG. 9  illustrates example components of a device  900  in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, the device  900  may include application circuitry  902 , baseband circuitry  904 , Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry  906 , front-end module (FEM) circuitry  908 , one or more antennas  910 , and power management circuitry (PMC)  912  coupled together at least as shown. The components of the illustrated device  900  may be included in a UE or a TRP. In some embodiments, the device  900  may include less elements (e.g., a RAN node may not utilize application circuitry  902 , and instead include a processor/controller to process IP data received from an EPC). In some embodiments, the device  900  may include additional elements such as, for example, memory/storage, display, camera, sensor, or input/output (I/O) interface. In other embodiments, the components described below may be included in more than one device (e.g., said circuitries may be separately included in more than one device for Cloud-RAN (C-RAN) implementations). 
     The application circuitry  902  may include one or more application processors. For example, the application circuitry  902  may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The processor(s) may include any combination of general-purpose processors and dedicated processors (e.g., graphics processors, application processors, etc.). The processors may be coupled with or may include memory/storage and may be configured to execute instructions stored in the memory/storage to enable various applications or operating systems to run on the device  900 . In some embodiments, processors of application circuitry  902  may process IP data packets received from an EPC. 
     The baseband circuitry  904  may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The baseband circuitry  904  may include one or more baseband processors or control logic to process baseband signals received from a receive signal path of the RF circuitry  906  and to generate baseband signals for a transmit signal path of the RF circuitry  906 . Baseband processing circuitry  904  may interface with the application circuitry  902  for generation and processing of the baseband signals and for controlling operations of the RF circuitry  906 . For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuitry  904  may include a third generation (3G) baseband processor  904 A, a fourth generation (4G) baseband processor  904 B, a fifth generation (5G) baseband processor  904 C, or other baseband processor(s)  904 D for other existing generations, generations in development or to be developed in the future (e.g., second generation (2G), sixth generation (6G), etc.). The baseband circuitry  904  (e.g., one or more of baseband processors  904 A-D) may handle various radio control functions that enable communication with one or more radio networks via the RF circuitry  906 . In other embodiments, some or all of the functionality of baseband processors  904 A-D may be included in modules stored in the memory  904 G and executed via a Central Processing Unit (CPU)  904 E. The radio control functions may include, but are not limited to, signal modulation/demodulation, encoding/decoding, radio frequency shifting, etc. 
     In some embodiments, modulation/demodulation circuitry of the baseband circuitry  904  may include Fast-Fourier Transform (FFT), precoding, or constellation mapping/demapping functionality. In some embodiments, encoding/decoding circuitry of the baseband circuitry  904  may include convolution, tail-biting convolution, turbo, Viterbi, or Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) encoder/decoder functionality. Embodiments of modulation/demodulation and encoder/decoder functionality are not limited to these examples and may include other suitable functionality in other embodiments. 
     In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry  904  may include one or more audio digital signal processor(s) (DSP)  904 F. The audio DSP(s)  904 F may be include elements for compression/decompression and echo cancellation and may include other suitable processing elements in other embodiments. Components of the baseband circuitry may be suitably combined in a single chip, a single chipset, or disposed on a same circuit board in some embodiments. In some embodiments, some or all of the constituent components of the baseband circuitry  904  and the application circuitry  902  may be implemented together such as, for example, on a system on a chip (SOC). 
     In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry  904  may provide for communication compatible with one or more radio technologies. For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuitry  904  may support communication with an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN) or other wireless metropolitan area networks (WMAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN), a wireless personal area network (WPAN). Embodiments in which the baseband circuitry  904  is configured to support radio communications of more than one wireless protocol may be referred to as multi-mode baseband circuitry. 
     RF circuitry  906  may enable communication with wireless networks using modulated electromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium. In various embodiments, the RF circuitry  906  may include switches, filters, amplifiers, etc. to facilitate the communication with the wireless network. RF circuitry  906  may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry to down-convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry  908  and provide baseband signals to the baseband circuitry  904 . RF circuitry  906  may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry to up-convert baseband signals provided by the baseband circuitry  904  and provide RF output signals to the FEM circuitry  908  for transmission. 
     In some embodiments, the receive signal path of the RF circuitry  906  may include mixer circuitry  906   a , amplifier circuitry  906   b  and filter circuitry  906   c . In some embodiments, the transmit signal path of the RF circuitry  906  may include filter circuitry  906   c  and mixer circuitry  906   a . RF circuitry  906  may also include synthesizer circuitry  906   d  for synthesizing a frequency for use by the mixer circuitry  906   a  of the receive signal path and the transmit signal path. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry  906   a  of the receive signal path may be configured to down-convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry  908  based on the synthesized frequency provided by synthesizer circuitry  906   d . The amplifier circuitry  906   b  may be configured to amplify the down-converted signals and the filter circuitry  906   c  may be a low-pass filter (LPF) or band-pass filter (BPF) configured to remove unwanted signals from the down-converted signals to generate output baseband signals. Output baseband signals may be provided to the baseband circuitry  904  for further processing. In some embodiments, the output baseband signals may be zero-frequency baseband signals, although this is not a requirement. In some embodiments, mixer circuitry  906   a  of the receive signal path may comprise passive mixers, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. 
     In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry  906   a  of the transmit signal path may be configured to up-convert input baseband signals based on the synthesized frequency provided by the synthesizer circuitry  906   d  to generate RF output signals for the FEM circuitry  908 . The baseband signals may be provided by the baseband circuitry  904  and may be filtered by filter circuitry  906   c.    
     In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry  906   a  of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry  906   a  of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for quadrature down-conversion and up-conversion, respectively. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry  906   a  of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry  906   a  of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for image rejection (e.g., Hartley image rejection). In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry  906   a  of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry  906   a  may be arranged for direct down-conversion and direct up-conversion, respectively. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry  906   a  of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry  906   a  of the transmit signal path may be configured for super-heterodyne operation. 
     In some embodiments, the output baseband signals and the input baseband signals may be analog baseband signals, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some alternate embodiments, the output baseband signals and the input baseband signals may be digital baseband signals. In these alternate embodiments, the RF circuitry  906  may include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry and the baseband circuitry  904  may include a digital baseband interface to communicate with the RF circuitry  906 . 
     In some dual-mode embodiments, a separate radio IC circuitry may be provided for processing signals for each spectrum, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. 
     In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuitry  906   d  may be a fractional-N synthesizer or a fractional N/N+1 synthesizer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect as other types of frequency synthesizers may be suitable. For example, synthesizer circuitry  906   d  may be a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizer comprising a phase-locked loop with a frequency divider. 
     The synthesizer circuitry  906   d  may be configured to synthesize an output frequency for use by the mixer circuitry  906   a  of the RF circuitry  906  based on a frequency input and a divider control input. In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuitry  906   d  may be a fractional N/N+1 synthesizer. 
     In some embodiments, frequency input may be provided by a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), although that is not a requirement. Divider control input may be provided by either the baseband circuitry  904  or the applications processor  902  depending on the desired output frequency. In some embodiments, a divider control input (e.g., N) may be determined from a look-up table based on a channel indicated by the applications processor  902 . 
     Synthesizer circuitry  906   d  of the RF circuitry  906  may include a divider, a delay-locked loop (DLL), a multiplexer and a phase accumulator. In some embodiments, the divider may be a dual modulus divider (DMD) and the phase accumulator may be a digital phase accumulator (DPA). In some embodiments, the DMD may be configured to divide the input signal by either N or N+1 (e.g., based on a carry out) to provide a fractional division ratio. In some example embodiments, the DLL may include a set of cascaded, tunable, delay elements, a phase detector, a charge pump and a D-type flip-flop. In these embodiments, the delay elements may be configured to break a VCO period up into Nd equal packets of phase, where Nd is the number of delay elements in the delay line. In this way, the DLL provides negative feedback to help ensure that the total delay through the delay line is one VCO cycle. 
     In some embodiments, synthesizer circuitry  906   d  may be configured to generate a carrier frequency as the output frequency, while in other embodiments, the output frequency may be a multiple of the carrier frequency (e.g., twice the carrier frequency, four times the carrier frequency) and used in conjunction with quadrature generator and divider circuitry to generate multiple signals at the carrier frequency with multiple different phases with respect to each other. In some embodiments, the output frequency may be a LO frequency (fLO). In some embodiments, the RF circuitry  906  may include an IQ/polar converter. 
     FEM circuitry  908  may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry configured to operate on RF signals received from one or more antennas  910 , amplify the received signals and provide the amplified versions of the received signals to the RF circuitry  906  for further processing. FEM circuitry  908  may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry configured to amplify signals for transmission provided by the RF circuitry  906  for transmission by one or more of the one or more antennas  910 . In various embodiments, the amplification through the transmit or receive signal paths may be done solely in the RF circuitry  906 , solely in the FEM  908 , or in both the RF circuitry  906  and the FEM  908 . 
     In some embodiments, the FEM circuitry  908  may include a TX/RX switch to switch between transmit mode and receive mode operation. The FEM circuitry may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of the FEM circuitry may include an LNA to amplify received RF signals and provide the amplified received RF signals as an output (e.g., to the RF circuitry  906 ). The transmit signal path of the FEM circuitry  908  may include a power amplifier (PA) to amplify input RF signals (e.g., provided by RF circuitry  906 ), and one or more filters to generate RF signals for subsequent transmission (e.g., by one or more of the one or more antennas  910 ). 
     In some embodiments, the PMC  912  may manage power provided to the baseband circuitry  904 . In particular, the PMC  912  may control power-source selection, voltage scaling, battery charging, or DC-to-DC conversion. The PMC  912  may often be included when the device  900  is capable of being powered by a battery, for example, when the device is included in a UE. The PMC  912  may increase the power conversion efficiency while providing desirable implementation size and heat dissipation characteristics. 
     While  FIG. 9  shows the PMC  912  coupled only with the baseband circuitry  904 . However, in other embodiments, the PMC  912  may be additionally or alternatively coupled with, and perform similar power management operations for, other components such as, but not limited to, application circuitry  902 , RF circuitry  906 , or FEM  908 . 
     In some embodiments, the PMC  912  may control, or otherwise be part of, various power saving mechanisms of the device  900 . For example, if the device  900  is in an RRC_Connected state, where it is still connected to the RAN node as it expects to receive traffic shortly, then it may enter a state known as Discontinuous Reception Mode (DRX) after a period of inactivity. During this state, the device  900  may power down for brief intervals of time and thus save power. 
     If there is no data traffic activity for an extended period of time, then the device  900  may transition off to an RRC_Idle state, where it disconnects from the network and does not perform operations such as channel quality feedback, handover, etc. The device  900  goes into a very low power state and it performs paging where again it periodically wakes up to listen to the network and then powers down again. The device  900  may not receive data in this state, in order to receive data, it may transition back to RRC_Connected state. 
     An additional power saving mode may allow a device to be unavailable to the network for periods longer than a paging interval (ranging from seconds to a few hours). During this time, the device is totally unreachable to the network and may power down completely. Any data sent during this time incurs a large delay and it is assumed the delay is acceptable. 
     Processors of the application circuitry  902  and processors of the baseband circuitry  904  may be used to execute elements of one or more instances of a protocol stack. For example, processors of the baseband circuitry  904 , alone or in combination, may be used execute Layer 3, Layer 2, or Layer 1 functionality, while processors of the application circuitry  904  may utilize data (e.g., packet data) received from these layers and further execute Layer 4 functionality (e.g., transmission communication protocol (TCP) and user datagram protocol (UDP) layers). As referred to herein, Layer 3 may comprise a radio resource control (RRC) layer, described in further detail below. As referred to herein, Layer 2 may comprise a medium access control (MAC) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, described in further detail below. As referred to herein, Layer 1 may comprise a physical (PHY) layer of a UE/RAN node, described in further detail below. 
       FIG. 10  illustrates example interfaces of baseband circuitry in accordance with some embodiments. As discussed above, the baseband circuitry  904  of  FIG. 9  may comprise processors  904 A- 904 E and a memory  904 G utilized by said processors. Each of the processors  904 A- 904 E may include a memory interface,  1004 A- 1004 E, respectively, to send/receive data to/from the memory  904 G. 
     The baseband circuitry  904  may further include one or more interfaces to communicatively couple to other circuitries/devices, such as a memory interface  1012  (e.g., an interface to send/receive data to/from memory external to the baseband circuitry  904 ), an application circuitry interface  1014  (e.g., an interface to send/receive data to/from the application circuitry  902  of  FIG. 9 ), an RF circuitry interface  1016  (e.g., an interface to send/receive data to/from RF circuitry  906  of  FIG. 9 ), a wireless hardware connectivity interface  1018  (e.g., an interface to send/receive data to/from Near Field Communication (NFC) components, Bluetooth® components (e.g., Bluetooth® Low Energy), Wi-Fi® components, and other communication components), and a power management interface  1020  (e.g., an interface to send/receive power or control signals to/from the PMC  912 . 
       FIG. 11  is a block diagram illustrating components, according to some example embodiments, able to read instructions from a machine-readable or computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium) and perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein. Specifically,  FIG. 11  shows a diagrammatic representation of hardware resources  1100  including one or more processors (or processor cores)  1110 , one or more memory/storage devices  1120 , and one or more communication resources  1130 , each of which may be communicatively coupled via a bus  1140 . For embodiments where node virtualization (e.g., NFV) is utilized, a hypervisor  1102  may be executed to provide an execution environment for one or more network slices/sub-slices to utilize the hardware resources  1100   
     The processors  1110  (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processor, a complex instruction set computing (CISC) processor, a graphics processing unit (GPU), a digital signal processor (DSP) such as a baseband processor, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a radio-frequency integrated circuit (RFIC), another processor, or any suitable combination thereof) may include, for example, a processor  1112  and a processor  1114 . 
     The memory/storage devices  1120  may include main memory, disk storage, or any suitable combination thereof. The memory/storage devices  1120  may include, but are not limited to any type of volatile or non-volatile memory such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static random-access memory (SRAM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), Flash memory, solid-state storage, etc. 
     The communication resources  1130  may include interconnection or network interface components or other suitable devices to communicate with one or more peripheral devices  1104  or one or more databases  1106  via a network  1108 . For example, the communication resources  1130  may include wired communication components (e.g., for coupling via a Universal Serial Bus (USB)), cellular communication components, NFC components, Bluetooth® components (e.g., Bluetooth® Low Energy), Wi-Fi® components, and other communication components. 
     Instructions  1150  may comprise software, a program, an application, an applet, an app, or other executable code for causing at least any of the processors  1110  to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein. The instructions  1150  may reside, completely or partially, within at least one of the processors  1110  (e.g., within the processor&#39;s cache memory), the memory/storage devices  1120 , or any suitable combination thereof. Furthermore, any portion of the instructions  1150  may be transferred to the hardware resources  1100  from any combination of the peripheral devices  1104  or the databases  1106 . Accordingly, the memory of processors  1110 , the memory/storage devices  1120 , the peripheral devices  1104 , and the databases  1106  are examples of computer-readable and machine-readable media. 
     The following paragraphs describe examples of various embodiments. 
     Example 1 includes an apparatus for a User Equipment (UE), including circuitry configured to: decode one or more beam management reference signals broadcasted by a Transmission Reception Point (TRP) in a cell, wherein the one or more beam management reference signals are used by the TRP to perform beam management for respective one or more other UEs in the cell; and measure interference from the one or more other UEs in the cell based on the decoded one or more beam management reference signals. 
     Example 2 includes the apparatus of Example 1, wherein the circuitry is further configured to select a subset of the decoded one or more beam management reference signals as interference measurement resource (IMR) to measure interference from a respective subset of the one or more other UEs based on the selected subset of the decoded one or more beam management reference signals. 
     Example 3 includes the apparatus of Example 2, wherein the circuitry is further configured to: decode an indication received from the TRP for indicating the subset of the decoded one or more beam management reference signals as the IMR; and select the subset of the decoded one or more beam management reference signals as the IMR according to the indication from the TRP. 
     Example 4 includes the apparatus of Example 3, wherein the indication is to be dynamically configured by the TRP via higher layer signaling or downlink control information (DCI). 
     Example 5 includes the apparatus of any of Examples 2-4, wherein the circuitry is further configured to report the measured interference from each of the respective subset of the one or more other UEs to the TRP. 
     Example 6 includes the apparatus of any of Examples 2-4, wherein the circuitry is further configured to: generate an interference report including the measured interference from each of the respective subset of the one or more other UEs; and send the interference report to the TRP. 
     Example 7 includes the apparatus of any of Examples 1-6, wherein the circuitry is further configured to: perform a channel estimation for the UE based on a beam management reference signal specific to a respective other UE of the one or more other UEs to get an estimated channel characteristic H of the UE subject to interference from the respective other UE; and obtain the interference from the respective other UE as R=H*H H . 
     Example 8 includes the apparatus of any of Examples 1-7, wherein the one or more beam management reference signals include one or more periodic beam management reference signals broadcasted by the TRP to perform an initial beam acquisition for the respective one or more other UEs in the cell. 
     Example 9 includes the apparatus of any of Examples 1-7, wherein the one or more beam management reference signals include one or more aperiodic beam management reference signals broadcasted by the TRP to perform a TRP transmission beam refinement for the respective one or more other UEs in the cell. 
     Example 10 includes the apparatus of Example 8, wherein the circuitry is further configured to: measure the interference from the one or more other UEs in the cell based on the one or more periodic beam management reference signals, in response to a trigger signal from the TRP for notifying the UE to perform the interference measurement; and stop measuring the interference from the one or more other UEs in the cell based on the one or more periodic beam management reference signals, in response to a trigger signal from the TRP for notifying the UE to stop the interference measurement. 
     Example 11 includes the apparatus of any of Examples 1-10, wherein the one or more beam management reference signals include a Zero Power Channel Status Information Reference Signal (ZP CSI-RS), a Non-zero Power Channel Status Information Reference Signal (NZP CSI-RS) or a Demodulation Reference Signal (DM-RS). 
     Example 12 includes the apparatus of any of Examples 1-11, wherein the TRP is a part of an evolved node B (eNB) or a next Generation NodeB (gNB). 
     Example 13 includes the apparatus of any of Examples 1-5 and 7-12, wherein when the UE and the TRP operate in a dynamic Time Division Duplexing (TDD) mode, the circuitry is further configured to: decode one or more uplink beam management reference signals transmitted respectively by one or more other UEs in a neighbor cell for uplink beam management; and measure interference from the one or more other UEs in the neighbor cell based on the decoded one or more uplink beam management reference signals. 
     Example 14 includes the apparatus of Example 13, wherein the one or more uplink beam management reference signals include a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), a Physical Uplink Control Chanel (PUCCH) signal or a Physical Random Access Chanel (PRACH) signal. 
     Example 15 includes the apparatus of Example 13 or 14, wherein when the cell and the neighbor cell are not synchronized, the circuitry is further configured to: determine a measurement gap based on a timing difference between the cell and the neighbor cell; and measure the interference from the one or more other UEs in the neighbor cell at a timing scheduled according to the determined measurement gap and a timing of measuring the interference from the one or more other UEs in the cell. 
     Example 16 includes the apparatus of any of Examples 13-15, wherein the circuitry is further configured to: generate an interference report including both the measured interference from the one or more other UEs in the cell and the measured interference from the one or more other UEs in the neighbor cell; and send the interference report to the TRP. 
     Example 17 includes an apparatus for a User Equipment (UE), including circuitry configured to: decode one or more uplink beam management reference signals transmitted respectively by one or more other UEs in a neighbor cell for uplink beam management; and measure interference from the one or more other UEs in the neighbor cell based on the decoded one or more uplink beam management reference signals. 
     Example 18 includes the apparatus of Example 17, wherein the one or more uplink beam management reference signals include a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), a Physical Uplink Control Chanel (PUCCH) signal or a Physical Random Access Chanel (PRACH) signal. 
     Example 19 includes the apparatus of Example 17, wherein the UE operates in a dynamic Time Division Duplexing (TDD) mode. 
     Example 20 includes an apparatus for a Transmission Reception Point (TRP), including circuitry configured to: broadcast one or more beam management reference signals to one or more User Equipments (UEs) in a cell to perform beam management for the one or more UEs; and encode an indication to be transmitted to an UE in the cell for indicating a subset of the one or more beam management reference signals as interference measurement resource (IMR) for the UE to measure interference from a respective subset of one or more other UEs in the cell. 
     Example 21 includes the apparatus of Example 20, wherein the circuitry is further configured to receive, from the UE, the measured interference from each of the respective subset of the one or more other UEs in the cell. 
     Example 22 includes the apparatus of Example 20, wherein the circuitry is further configured to receive, from the UE, an interference report including the measured interference from each of the respective subset of the one or more other UEs in the cell. 
     Example 23 includes the apparatus of any of Examples 20-22, wherein the circuitry is further configured to dynamically configure the indication via higher layer signaling or downlink control information (DCI). 
     Example 24 includes the apparatus of any of Examples 20-23, wherein the one or more beam management reference signals include one or more periodic beam management reference signals broadcasted by the TRP to perform an initial beam acquisition for the one or more UEs in the cell. 
     Example 25 includes the apparatus of any of Examples 20-23, wherein the one or more beam management reference signals include one or more aperiodic beam management reference signals broadcasted by the TRP to perform a TRP transmission beam refinement for the one or more UEs in the cell. 
     Example 26 includes the apparatus of Example 24, wherein the circuitry is further configured to encode a trigger signal to be transmitted to the UE for notifying the UE to perform the interference measurement based on the one or more periodic beam management reference signals or stop the interference measurement based on the one or more periodic beam management reference signals. 
     Example 27 includes the apparatus of any of Examples 20-26, wherein the one or more beam management reference signals include a Zero Power Channel Status Information Reference Signal (ZP CSI-RS), a Non-zero Power Channel Status Information Reference Signal (NZP CSI-RS) or a Demodulation Reference Signal (DM-RS). 
     Example 28 includes the apparatus of any of Examples 20-27, wherein the TRP is a part of an evolved node B (eNB) or a next Generation NodeB (gNB). 
     Example 29 includes the apparatus of any of Examples 20, 21 and 23-28, wherein when the UE and the TRP operate in a dynamic Time Division Duplexing (TDD) mode, the circuitry is further configured to: receive, from the UE, an interference report including both the interference from the one or more other UEs in the cell and interference from one or more other UEs in a neighbor cell, wherein the interference from the one or more other UEs in the neighbor cell is measured by the UE based on one or more uplink beam management reference signals transmitted respectively by the one or more other UEs in the neighbor cell for uplink beam management. 
     Example 30 includes the apparatus of Example 29, wherein the one or more uplink beam management reference signals include a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), a Physical Uplink Control Chanel (PUCCH) signal or a Physical Random Access Chanel (PRACH) signal. 
     Example 31 includes the apparatus of Example 29 or 30, wherein when the cell and the neighbor cell are not synchronized, the circuitry is further configured to: determine a measurement gap based on a timing difference between the cell and the neighbor cell; and indicate the UE to measure the interference from the one or more other UEs in the neighbor cell at a timing scheduled according to the determined measurement gap and a timing of measuring the interference from the one or more other UEs in the cell. 
     Example 32 includes a method performed at a User Equipment (UE), including: decoding one or more beam management reference signals broadcasted by a Transmission Reception Point (TRP) in a cell, wherein the one or more beam management reference signals are used by the TRP to perform beam management for respective one or more other UEs in the cell; and measuring interference from the one or more other UEs in the cell based on the decoded one or more beam management reference signals. 
     Example 33 includes the method of Example 32, wherein the method further includes selecting a subset of the decoded one or more beam management reference signals as interference measurement resource (IMR) to measure interference from a respective subset of the one or more other UEs based on the selected subset of the decoded one or more beam management reference signals. 
     Example 34 includes the method of Example 33, wherein the method further includes: decoding an indication received from the TRP for indicating the subset of the decoded one or more beam management reference signals as the IMR; and selecting the subset of the decoded one or more beam management reference signals as the IMR according to the indication from the TRP. 
     Example 35 includes the method of Example 34, wherein the indication is to be dynamically configured by the TRP via higher layer signaling or downlink control information (DCI). 
     Example 36 includes the method of any of Examples 33-35, wherein the method further includes reporting the measured interference from each of the respective subset of the one or more other UEs to the TRP. 
     Example 37 includes the method of any of Examples 33-35, wherein the method further includes generating an interference report including the measured interference from each of the respective subset of the one or more other UEs; and sending the interference report to the TRP. 
     Example 38 includes the method of any of Examples 32-37, wherein the method further includes: performing a channel estimation for the UE based on a beam management reference signal specific to a respective other UE of the one or more other UEs to get an estimated channel characteristic H of the UE subject to interference from the respective other UE; and obtain the interference from the respective other UE as R=H*H H . 
     Example 39 includes the method of any of Examples 32-38, wherein the one or more beam management reference signals include one or more periodic beam management reference signals broadcasted by the TRP to perform an initial beam acquisition for the respective one or more other UEs in the cell. 
     Example 40 includes the method of any of Examples 32-38, wherein the one or more beam management reference signals include one or more aperiodic beam management reference signals broadcasted by the TRP to perform a TRP transmission beam refinement for the respective one or more other UEs in the cell. 
     Example 41 includes the method of Example 39, wherein the method further includes: measuring the interference from the one or more other UEs in the cell based on the one or more periodic beam management reference signals, in response to a trigger signal from the TRP for notifying the UE to perform the interference measurement; and stopping measuring the interference from the one or more other UEs in the cell based on the one or more periodic beam management reference signals, in response to a trigger signal from the TRP for notifying the UE to stop the interference measurement. 
     Example 42 includes the method of any of Examples 32-41, wherein the one or more beam management reference signals include a Zero Power Channel Status Information Reference Signal (ZP CSI-RS), a Non-zero Power Channel Status Information Reference Signal (NZP CSI-RS) or a Demodulation Reference Signal (DM-RS). 
     Example 43 includes the method of any of Examples 32-42, wherein the TRP is a part of an evolved node B (eNB) or a next Generation NodeB (gNB). 
     Example 44 includes the method of any of Examples 32-36 and 38-43, wherein when the UE and the TRP operate in a dynamic Time Division Duplexing (TDD) mode, the method further includes: decoding one or more uplink beam management reference signals transmitted respectively by one or more other UEs in a neighbor cell for uplink beam management; and measuring interference from the one or more other UEs in the neighbor cell based on the decoded one or more uplink beam management reference signals. 
     Example 45 includes the method of Example 44, wherein the one or more uplink beam management reference signals include a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), a Physical Uplink Control Chanel (PUCCH) signal or a Physical Random Access Chanel (PRACH) signal. 
     Example 46 includes the method of Example 44 or 45, wherein when the cell and the neighbor cell are not synchronized, the method further includes determining a measurement gap based on a timing difference between the cell and the neighbor cell; and measuring the interference from the one or more other UEs in the neighbor cell at a timing scheduled according to the determined measurement gap and a timing of measuring the interference from the one or more other UEs in the cell. 
     Example 47 includes the method of any of Examples 44-46, wherein the method further includes: generating an interference report including both the measured interference from the one or more other UEs in the cell and the measured interference from the one or more other UEs in the neighbor cell; and sending the interference report to the TRP. 
     Example 48 includes a method performed at a User Equipment (UE), including: decoding one or more uplink beam management reference signals transmitted respectively by one or more other UEs in a neighbor cell for uplink beam management; and measuring interference from the one or more other UEs in the neighbor cell based on the decoded one or more uplink beam management reference signals. 
     Example 49 includes the method of Example 48, wherein the one or more uplink beam management reference signals include a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), a Physical Uplink Control Chanel (PUCCH) signal or a Physical Random Access Chanel (PRACH) signal. 
     Example 50 includes the method of Example 48, wherein the UE operates in a dynamic Time Division Duplexing (TDD) mode. 
     Example 51 includes a method performed at a Transmission Reception Point (TRP), including: broadcasting one or more beam management reference signals to one or more User Equipments (UEs) in a cell to perform beam management for the one or more UEs; and encoding an indication to be transmitted to an UE in the cell for indicating a subset of the one or more beam management reference signals as interference measurement resource (IMR) for the UE to measure interference from a respective subset of one or more other UEs in the cell. 
     Example 52 includes the method of Example 51, wherein the method further includes receiving, from the UE, the measured interference from each of the respective subset of the one or more other UEs in the cell. 
     Example 53 includes the method of Example 51, wherein the method further includes receiving, from the UE, an interference report including the measured interference from each of the respective subset of the one or more other UEs in the cell. 
     Example 54 includes the method of any of Examples 51-53, wherein the method further includes dynamically configuring the indication via higher layer signaling or downlink control information (DCI). 
     Example 55 includes the method of any of Examples 51-54, wherein the one or more beam management reference signals include one or more periodic beam management reference signals broadcasted by the TRP to perform an initial beam acquisition for the one or more UEs in the cell. 
     Example 56 includes the method of any of Examples 51-54, wherein the one or more beam management reference signals include one or more aperiodic beam management reference signals broadcasted by the TRP to perform a TRP transmission beam refinement for the one or more UEs in the cell. 
     Example 57 includes the method of Example 55, wherein the method further includes encoding a trigger signal to be transmitted to the UE for notifying the UE to perform the interference measurement based on the one or more periodic beam management reference signals or stop the interference measurement based on the one or more periodic beam management reference signals. 
     Example 58 includes the method of any of Examples 51-57, wherein the one or more beam management reference signals include a Zero Power Channel Status Information Reference Signal (ZP CSI-RS), a Non-zero Power Channel Status Information Reference Signal (NZP CSI-RS) or a Demodulation Reference Signal (DM-RS). 
     Example 59 includes the method of any of Examples 51-58, wherein the TRP is a part of an evolved node B (eNB) or a next Generation NodeB (gNB). 
     Example 60 includes the method of any of Examples 51, 52 and 54-59, wherein when the UE and the TRP operate in a dynamic Time Division Duplexing (TDD) mode, the method further includes receiving, from the UE, an interference report including both the interference from the one or more other UEs in the cell and interference from one or more other UEs in a neighbor cell, wherein the interference from the one or more other UEs in the neighbor cell is measured by the UE based on one or more uplink beam management reference signals transmitted respectively by the one or more other UEs in the neighbor cell for uplink beam management. 
     Example 61 includes the method of Example 60, wherein the one or more uplink beam management reference signals include a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), a Physical Uplink Control Chanel (PUCCH) signal or a Physical Random Access Chanel (PRACH) signal. 
     Example 62 includes the method of Example 60 or 61, wherein when the cell and the neighbor cell are not synchronized, the method further includes determining a measurement gap based on a timing difference between the cell and the neighbor cell; and indicating the UE to measure the interference from the one or more other UEs in the neighbor cell at a timing scheduled according to the determined measurement gap and a timing of measuring the interference from the one or more other UEs in the cell. 
     Example 63 includes a non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions when executed by one or more processor(s) causing the processor(s) to perform the method of any of Examples 32-62. 
     Example 64 includes an apparatus for a User Equipment (UE), including means for performing the actions of the method of any of Examples 32-50. 
     Example 65 includes an apparatus for a Transmission Reception Point (TRP), including means for performing the actions of the method of any of Examples 51-62. 
     Example 66 includes a User Equipment (UE) as shown and described in the description. 
     Example 67 includes a Transmission Reception Point (TRP) as shown and described in the description. 
     Example 68 includes a method performed at a User Equipment (UE) as shown and described in the description. 
     Example 69 includes a method performed at a Transmission Reception Point (TRP) as shown and described in the description. 
     Although certain embodiments have been illustrated and described herein for purposes of description, a wide variety of alternate and/or equivalent embodiments or implementations calculated to achieve the same purposes may be substituted for the embodiments shown and described without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. This application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the embodiments discussed herein. Therefore, it is manifestly intended that embodiments described herein be limited only by the appended claims and the equivalents thereof.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20180502
Publication Date: 20210525
Grant Date: 20210525
Priority Date: 20170502
Inventors: WANG, Guolong
ZHANG, YUSHU
LI, QIAN
DAVYDOV, ALEXEI
KWON, SEOK CHUL
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H04J11/0026", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W24/02", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B7/0417", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B7/0452", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B17/345", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B7/0452", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B7/0632", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B7/0632", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B7/0452", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B7/0632", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B7/0417", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B17/345", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 64016880