PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-10162446-B2
Application Number: US-201715658366-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Proximity edge sensing

Abstract:
In various implementations, a sensor operates in a force sensing mode by determining an applied force based on a first change in capacitance between first and second electrodes related to compression of a compressible material positioned between while the third electrode functions as a shield and in a proximity sensing mode by sensing proximity of an object based on a second change in capacitance of the third electrode while the first and/or second electrodes function as a shield. In some implementations, a device has a cover glass including a surface having a display area, an edge surface, and a cavity; a touch sensing electrode oriented toward the surface; an electrode positioned in the cavity oriented toward the edge surface; and a processing unit operable to detect touch or proximity of an object to the edge surface based on a change in capacitance between the electrode and the object.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An electronic device, comprising:
 a cover glass; 
 a first electrode; 
 a second electrode; 
 a first material positioned between the first and the second electrodes; 
 a third electrode positioned on a side of the second electrode opposite the first electrode; and 
 a second material positioned between the second electrode and the third electrode; 
 wherein the electronic device is operable to: 
 detect an applied force on the cover glass of the electronic device based on a first change in capacitance between the first electrode and the second electrode while the third electrode functions as a force sensing ground shield; 
 detect a proximity of an object to the electronic device based on a second change in capacitance measured using the third electrode, while the first electrode functions as a proximity ground shield. 
 
     
     
       2. The electronic device of  claim 1 , further comprising a fourth electrode wherein the second change in capacitance is a change in a mutual capacitance between the third electrode and the fourth electrode. 
     
     
       3. The electronic device of  claim 2 , wherein the fourth electrode is disposed on at least one of:
 a cavity formed partially in the cover glass of the electronic device; or 
 an input mechanism of the electronic device. 
 
     
     
       4. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the third electrode comprises multiple third electrodes positioned at select locations around a perimeter of the cover glass of the electronic device; and 
 the electronic device is operable to detect the proximity of the object based on changes in capacitance measured using each of the multiple third electrodes separately. 
 
     
     
       5. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the second electrode functions as an additional proximity ground shield while the electronic device measures the second change in capacitance. 
     
     
       6. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the electronic device is positioned between the cover glass and a housing of the electronic device to function as a gasket. 
     
     
       7. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the proximity of the object is to an input mechanism of the electronic device, wherein the input mechanism is adjacent to the electronic device. 
     
     
       8. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the electronic device measures the first and second changes in capacitance at different times. 
     
     
       9. An electronic device, comprising:
 a housing; 
 a cover glass positioned adjacent to the housing, the cover glass including:
 a cover glass surface having a display area; 
 a cover glass edge surface; and 
 a cavity formed partially in the cover glass opposite the cover glass surface apart from the display area; 
 
 a touch sensing electrode positioned on the cover glass, opposite the cover glass surface in the display area and oriented toward the cover glass surface; and 
 an additional electrode positioned in the cavity, oriented toward the cover glass edge surface; 
 wherein: 
 the touch sensing electrode is operable at least to detect a touch of an object on the cover glass surface; and 
 a proximity of the object to the cover glass edge may be detected by a change in capacitance measured using the additional electrode. 
 
     
     
       10. The electronic device of  claim 9 , wherein the additional electrode is laminated to a flexible circuit positioned in the cavity. 
     
     
       11. The electronic device of  claim 9 , wherein the additional electrode is disposed on a non-conductive structure adhered to the cavity. 
     
     
       12. The electronic device of  claim 9 , wherein the change in capacitance measured using the additional electrode is measured between the additional electrode and a second additional electrode positioned outside the cavity. 
     
     
       13. The electronic device of  claim 9 , further comprising an opaque material positioned in the cavity wherein the additional electrode is positioned on the opaque material. 
     
     
       14. The electronic device of  claim 13 , wherein the additional electrode comprises at least one of conductive paste, sputter conductor, indium tin oxide, or metal foil applied to the opaque material. 
     
     
       15. The electronic device of  claim 9 , wherein the additional electrode comprises multiple electrodes and the electronic device is operable to detect proximity of the object at a location corresponding to one of the multiple electrodes based on a change in capacitance of the respective electrode. 
     
     
       16. A method of controlling a combined proximity and force sensor, comprising:
 operating the combined proximity and force sensor in a force sensing mode in which an applied force on a surface of an electronic device can be detected based on a first change in capacitance between a first electrode and a second electrode of the combined proximity and force sensor while a third electrode of the combined proximity and force sensor is used as a force sensing ground shield; 
 operating the combined proximity and force sensor in a proximity sensing mode in which proximity of an object to the surface of the electronic device can be detected based on a second change in capacitance measured at the third electrode while the first electrode is used as a proximity sensing ground shield; and 
 switching the combined proximity and force sensor between the proximity sensing mode and the force sensing mode. 
 
     
     
       17. The method of  claim 16 , wherein said switching the combined proximity and force sensor between the proximity sensing mode and the force sensing mode comprises:
 performing combined proximity and force sensing cycles wherein a portion of each proximity and force sensing cycle comprises operating for a first period of time in the force sensing mode and a second period of time in the proximity sensing mode. 
 
     
     
       18. The method of  claim 17 , the first period of time is longer than the second period of time. 
     
     
       19. The method of  claim 16 , further comprising changing a displayed element of a user interface of the electronic device based on at least one of a detected applied force or a detected proximity of the object. 
     
     
       20. The method of  claim 16 , further comprising initiating an action based on a combination of a detected proximity of the object and a detected applied force.

Description:
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/817,786, filed Aug. 4, 2015, and entitled “Proximity Edge Sensing”, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety as if fully disclosed herein. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     The described embodiments relate generally to proximity sensing. More particularly, the present embodiments relate to proximity and/or touch sensing of edges of an electronic device. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Many electronic devices include one or more input devices for receiving input from a user and one or more output devices for providing output to a user. For example, input may be received via one or more keyboards, mice, track pads, buttons, knobs, microphones, and so on. By way of another example, output may be provided via one or more display screens, speakers, haptic devices, and so on. 
     Some electronic devices may include a touch screen in order to receive input and/or provide output. Such a touch screen may include a display that presents output in a display area and one or more touch sensing elements that detect touch in the display area. As such, a user may be able to interact with elements of a graphical user interface presented on the display by touch. 
     SUMMARY 
     The present disclosure relates to proximity and/or touch sensing of edges of an electronic device. 
     In various implementations, a combined proximity and force sensor may include first and second electrodes separated by a compressible material and an additional third electrode. The combined proximity and force sensor may operate in a force sensing mode by determining an applied force based on a first change in capacitance between the first and second electrodes related to compression of the compressible material while the third electrode functions as a force sensing ground shield. The combined proximity and force sensor may operate in a proximity sensing mode by sensing proximity of an object based on a second change in capacitance of the third electrode while the first and/or second electrodes functions as a proximity sensing ground shield. 
     In some implementations, an electronic device may include a touch display with a cover glass surface having a display area, a cover glass edge surface, and a cavity formed around a perimeter of the touch display. One or more capacitive or other touch sensing electrodes may be positioned on the cover glass opposite the cover glass surface in the display area, oriented toward the cover glass surface. The cover glass may also include an opaque material positioned in the cavity and one or more electrodes positioned on the opaque material, oriented toward the cover glass edge surface. The electronic device may detect touch or proximity to the cover glass edge surface based on a change in capacitance of the electrode. 
     In various embodiments, a combined proximity and force sensor may include a first electrode, a second electrode, a compressible material separating the first and second electrodes, and a third electrode coupled to the first electrode. The combined proximity and force sensor may operable to produce a first signal indicating a first change in capacitance between the first and second electrodes related to compression of the compressible material while the third electrode functions as a force sensing ground shield, the first signal usable by a processing unit to determine an applied force, and produce a second signal indicating a second change in capacitance of the third electrode while the first electrode functions as a proximity ground shield, the second signal usable by the processing unit to sense proximity of an object. The combined proximity and force sensor may produce the first and second signals at different times. 
     In some examples, the combined proximity and force sensor may further include a fourth electrode and the second change in capacitance may be a mutual capacitance between the third electrode and the fourth electrode. The fourth electrode may be disposed on at least one of a cavity in a cover glass of an electronic device or an input mechanism of the electronic device. The electronic device may incorporate the combined proximity and force sensor. 
     In various examples, the third electrode may be multiple third electrodes positioned at select locations around a perimeter of a cover glass and the combined proximity and force sensor may be operable to the combined proximity and force sensor is operable to produce signals indicating changes in capacitance for each of the multiple third electrodes separately. 
     In some examples, the second electrode may function as an additional proximity ground shield while the combined proximity and force sensor produces the second signal. In various examples, the combined proximity and force sensor may be a gasket. In some examples, the proximity may be to an input mechanism of an electronic device. The input mechanism may be adjacent to the combined proximity and force sensor. 
     In some embodiments, an electronic device may have a cover glass including a cover glass surface having a display area, a cover glass edge surface, and a cavity. The electronic device may also have a capacitive touch sensing electrode positioned on the cover glass opposite the cover glass surface in the display area, oriented toward the cover glass surface; an electrode positioned in the cavity, oriented toward the cover glass edge surface; and a processing unit connected to the electrode that is to detect touch or proximity of an object to the cover glass edge surface based on a change in capacitance between the electrode and the object. 
     In some examples, electronic device may further include an opaque material positioned in the cavity. The electrode may be positioned on the opaque material. 
     In various examples, the electrode may be laminated to a flexible circuit positioned in the cavity. In some examples, the electrode may be disposed on a non-conductive structure that is adhered to the cavity. In various examples, the electronic device may also include an antenna element positioned in the cavity and the electrode may be disposed on a support structure of the antenna element positioned in the cavity. In some examples, the electrode may include at least one of conductive paste, sputter conductor, indium tin oxide, or metal foil applied to the opaque material. 
     In some examples, the electrode may be multiple electrodes and the electronic device may be operable to detect touch of an area corresponding to or proximity to one of the multiple electrodes based on a change in capacitance of the respective electrode. 
     In various embodiments, a method of controlling a combined proximity and force sensor may include operating the combined proximity and force sensor in a force sensing mode by determining an applied force based on a first change in capacitance between a first electrode and a second electrode while using a third electrode as a force sensing ground shield, operating the combined proximity and force sensor in a proximity sensing mode by sensing proximity of an object based on a second change in capacitance of the third electrode while using the first electrode as a proximity sensing ground shield, and switching the combined proximity and force sensor between the proximity sensing mode and the force sensing mode. 
     In various examples, switching the combined proximity and force sensor between the proximity sensing mode and the force sensing mode may include performing combined proximity and force sensing cycles wherein a portion of each proximity and force sensing cycle includes operating for a first period of time in the force sensing mode and a second period of time in the proximity sensing mode. 
     In some examples, the method may further include changing a displayed element of a user interface based on the detected proximity. The proximity may be to an input mechanism and the displayed element of the user interface may be alterable by manipulating the input mechanism. 
     In various examples, the method may also include initiating an action based on a combination of the sensed proximity and a detected touch input. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The disclosure will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like structural elements, and in which: 
         FIG. 1  shows an isometric view of an example electronic device that includes proximity sensing. 
         FIG. 2  shows sensing proximity or touch to an input mechanism and/or edge of the electronic device of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3  shows a combination of sensing touch on a display and proximity or touch to an edge of the electronic device of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 4  shows sensing movement of proximity or touch on an edge of the electronic device of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 5  shows a cross-sectional view of an example of the electronic device of  FIG. 1 , taken along the line A-A of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 6  shows a front view of the third electrode illustrated in  FIG. 5  with other components removed for clarity. 
         FIG. 7  shows a cross-sectional view of an example of the electronic device of  FIG. 1 , taken along the line B-B of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 8  shows a block diagram illustrating example functional relationships between example components of the electronic device of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 9  shows a flow chart illustrating an example method for controlling a combined proximity and force sensor. This example method may be performed by the electronic device of  FIGS. 1-4, 5-6, and 8 . 
         FIG. 10  shows a flow chart illustrating an example method for altering a graphical user interface based on proximity to an input mechanism. This example method may be performed by the electronic device of  FIGS. 1-8 . 
         FIG. 11  shows a flow chart illustrating an example method for performing actions using combined touch screen and proximity or edge touch input. This example method may be performed by the electronic device of  FIGS. 1-8 . 
         FIG. 12  shows a flow chart illustrating an example method for performing actions using moving edge proximity or touch input. This example method may be performed by the electronic device of  FIGS. 1-8 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Reference will now be made in detail to representative embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the following descriptions are not intended to limit the embodiments to one preferred embodiment. To the contrary, it is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as can be included within the spirit and scope of the described embodiments as defined by the appended claims. 
     The present disclosure relates to proximity and/or touch sensing of edges of an electronic device. In various implementations, a combined proximity and force sensor may include first and second electrodes separated by a compressible material and an additional third electrode. The combined proximity and force sensor may operate in a force sensing mode by determining an applied force based on a first change in capacitance between the first and second electrodes related to compression of the compressible material. In this force sensing mode, the third electrode may function as a force sensing ground shield. The combined proximity and force sensor may operate in a proximity sensing mode by sensing proximity of an object based on a second change in capacitance of the third electrode. In this proximity sensing mode, the first and/or second electrodes may function as a proximity sensing ground shield. In this way, components of a combined proximity and force sensor may be used to detect both touch and force by using the components to perform different functions at different times. 
     The detected proximity may be used in a variety of ways. The proximity sensing mode may be used to detect when a user&#39;s body part (such as a finger) or a conductive stylus is proximate to an input device, an edge of a cover glass of a touch or other display, various edges of the cover glass or another edge of an electronic device, and so on. 
     In various examples of such implementations, the change in capacitance of the third electrode in the proximity sensing mode may result from the proximity of a user&#39;s body part to the third electrode. The capacitance may be between the third electrode and the user&#39;s body part and/or a fourth electrode. Such a fourth electrode may be disposed on the input mechanism of an electronic device, a cavity in the cover glass, and so on. 
     In some implementations, an electronic device may include a touch display. The touch display may include a cover glass with a cover glass surface having a display area, a cover glass edge surface, and a cavity formed around a perimeter of the touch display. One or more capacitive or other touch sensing electrodes may be positioned on the cover glass opposite the cover glass surface in the display area, oriented toward the cover glass surface. The cover glass may also include an opaque material positioned in the cavity and one or more electrodes positioned on the opaque material, oriented toward the cover glass edge surface. The electronic device may detect touch or proximity to the cover glass edge surface based on a change in capacitance of the electrode. In this way, touch and/or proximity to the edge of the electronic device may be utilized as input in addition to touch to the display area. 
     The electrode may be positioned on the opaque material in a variety of ways. In some examples, the electrode may be laminated to a flexible circuit and/or disposed on a non-conductive structure positioned in the cavity. In other examples, an antenna element may be positioned in the cavity and the electrode may be disposed on a support structure of the antenna element. In still other examples, the electrode may be conductive material directly applied to the opaque material, such as conductive paste, sputter conductor, metal foil, and so on. 
     In various implementations, a combined proximity and force sensor may be controlled by operating in a force sensing mode, operating in a proximity sensing mode, and switching between the force sensing mode and the proximity sensing mode. Switching between the force sensing mode and the proximity sensing mode may include performing combined proximity and force sensing cycles wherein a portion of each cycle includes operating for a first period of time in the force sensing mode and a second series of time in the proximity sensing mode. 
     In the present disclosure, determination of applied force may refer to determining pressure exerted by an object to a surface or other object. Sensing of proximity may refer to sensing that an object is touching a surface or other object or is nearby to the surface or other object. 
     These and other embodiments are discussed below with reference to  FIGS. 1-12 . However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the detailed description given herein with respect to these Figures is for explanatory purposes only and should not be construed as limiting. 
       FIG. 1  is an isometric view of an example electronic device  100  that includes proximity sensing. The electronic device  100  may include a housing  101 , a touch display  102  (which, with reference to  FIG. 5 , may include a cover glass  524 , touch sensing electrodes  517 , display components, and so on) with a cover glass edge surface  103 , and/or one or more input mechanisms  104  and  105 . The electronic device  100  may include one or more combined proximity and force sensors and/or other proximity and touch sensors operable to detect touch or proximity to the cover glass edge surface  103  and/or an edge of the housing  101 . 
     In some implementations, the one or more combined proximity and force sensors and/or other proximity and touch sensors may be utilized to detect that the electronic device  100  is currently worn. The electronic device  100  may operate in different states depending on whether or not the electronic device  100  is being worn by a user and the combined proximity and force sensors and/or other proximity and touch sensors may be used to determine such. For example, proximity or touch of the electronic device  100  to a user&#39;s wrist may be detected. 
     Although the electronic device  100  is illustrated as a wearable device, it is understood that this is an example. In various implementations, the electronic device  100  may be a laptop computing device, a desktop computing device, a fitness monitor, a digital media player, a cellular telephone, a smart phone, a display, a printer, a wearable device, a mobile computing device, a tablet computing device, and/or any other electronic device without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. 
     Further, although the input mechanisms  104  and  105  are illustrated as a knob and a button, respectively, it is understood that these are examples. In various implementations, the electronic device  100  may include any number of input mechanisms of varying different types without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates sensing proximity or touch to an input mechanism  104  or  105  and/or an edge of the electronic device  100  of  FIG. 1 . As shown, a user&#39;s finger  206  is proximate to the input mechanism  104 . The electronic device  100  may utilize one or more combined proximity and force sensors and/or other proximity/touch sensors to detect the proximity of the user&#39;s finger  206  and perform one or more actions based thereon. For example, the electronic device  100  may change a displayed element of a graphical user interface being presented to indicate how that displayed element may be altered by manipulating the input mechanism  104  (such as by turning the input mechanism  104 , pressing the input mechanism  104 , turning the input mechanism  104  in a first direction or a second direction, and so on). 
       FIG. 3  illustrates a combination of sensing touch on a display and proximity or touch to an edge of the electronic device  100  of  FIG. 1 . As shown, a user&#39;s finger  206  touches the edge  103  of the touch display  102  and then slides across the touch display  102  in the direction  307 . The electronic device  100  may utilize one or more combined proximity and force sensors and/or other proximity/touch sensors to detect the touch of the user&#39;s finger  206  to the edge  103  and the touch screen  102  to detect the following slide in the direction  307 . The electronic device  100  may then perform one or more actions based thereon. For example, the electronic device  100  may display a first menu when a sliding touch in the direction  307  starting on the touch display  102  is detected but may display a second menu when a sliding touch in the direction  307  starting on at the edge  103  is detected. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates sensing movement of proximity or touch on an edge of the electronic device  100  of  FIG. 1 . As shown, a user&#39;s finger  206  is moved in a direction  408  along an edge of the electronic device  100  (proximate to and/or touching) and adjacent to the edge  103  of the touch display  102 . The electronic device  100  may utilize one or more combined proximity and force sensors and/or other proximity/touch sensors to detect the movement of the user&#39;s finger  206  in the direction  408  and perform one or more actions based thereon. For example, the electronic device  100  may increase a volume setting when movement of the user&#39;s finger  206  in the direction  408  (or decrease when movement of the user&#39;s finger  206  in an opposite direction) is detected. In another example, movement of the user&#39;s finger  206  in the direction  408  or in an opposite direction may be used to scroll through a graphical menu in a corresponding direction. 
       FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional view of an example of the electronic device  100  of  FIG. 1 , taken along the line A-A of  FIG. 1 . The electronic device  100  may include a combined proximity and force sensors  510  (which may be adjacent to the input mechanism  104 ) and/or a proximity/touch sensor that utilizes an electrode  519 . 
     In this example, the combined proximity and force sensors  510  may be positioned between the touch display  102  and the housing  101 . The combined proximity and force sensors  510  may be continuous around an interior perimeter of the electronic device  100 . The combined proximity and force sensors  510  may include a first electrode  513  separated from a second electrode  515  by a compressible material  514  (such as silicone). The first electrode  513 , second electrode  515 , and compressible material  514  may be coupled to each other and/or the housing  101  using layers of adhesives  511  (such as pressure sensitive adhesive, ultraviolet cured adhesive, two part epoxy, or other adhesives). The combined proximity and force sensors  510  may also include a third electrode  512 , which may be coupled to the first electrode  513  and/or the touch display  102  using layers of adhesives  511 . 
     The combined proximity and force sensors  510  may be operable in a number of different modes. The components of the combined proximity and force sensors  510  may function differently in the different modes. For example, the combined proximity and force sensors  510  may be operable in a force sensing mode and a proximity sensing mode. 
     In a force sensing mode, a first capacitance between the first electrode  513  and the second electrode  515  may be measured (such as by the processing unit  840  of  FIG. 8 ). A force exerted upon the touch display  102  may cause the compressible material  514  to compress, allowing the first electrode  513  and the second electrode  515  to move closer to each other. This may result in a change in the mutual capacitance between the first and second electrodes  513  and  515  and this change may be measured and correlated to an amount of force applied to the cover glass surface  523 . Thus, the amount of the applied force may be determined. 
     For example, the combined proximity and force sensor  510  may produce a first signal indicating the mutual capacitance between the first and second electrodes  513  and  515  (a first change in capacitance). This first signal may be transmitted to the processing unit  840  of  FIG. 8 , which may correlated the first signal to an amount of force applied to the cover glass surface  523 . 
     While in the force sensing mode, the third electrode  512  may function as a force sensing ground shield. The third electrode  512  may perform this function by shielding the first and second electrodes  513  and  515  from modulation caused by the object exerting the force (such as a user&#39;s finger or other body part, a conductive stylus, and so on), other components such as an antenna element  520 , and/or other interferences. By shielding the first and second electrodes  513  and  515 , the third electrode  512  may prevent or reduce interference with the mutual capacitance between the first and second electrodes  513  and  515 , which may make force determinations more accurate. 
     In a proximity sensing mode, a second capacitance of the third electrode  512  may be measured. The second capacitance may be between the third electrode  512  and an object proximate to the cover glass edge surface  103 , such as a user&#39;s finger or a conductive stylus. Alternatively, the second capacitance may be a mutual capacitance between the third electrode  512  and a fourth electrode. The fourth electrode may be an electrode  519 , an electrode disposed on the input mechanism  104 , and/or another such electrode. An object proximate to the cover glass edge surface  103  may change the capacitance between the third electrode  512  and the fourth electrode. 
     For example, the combined proximity and force sensor  510  may produce a second signal indicating the capacitance between the third electrode  512  and the fourth electrode (a second change in capacitance). This second signal may be transmitted to the processing unit  840  of  FIG. 8 , which may use the second signal to sense proximity of an object. 
     While in the proximity sensing mode, the first and/or second electrodes  513  and  515  may function as a proximity ground shield for the third electrode  512 . The first and/or second electrodes  513  and  515  may perform this function by shielding the third electrode  512  from parasitics from the first and second electrodes  513  and  515  and/or components, and/or other interferences. By shielding the third electrode  512 , the first and/or second electrodes  513  and  515  may prevent or reduce interference with the capacitance of the third electrode  512 , which may make proximity determinations more accurate. 
     The combined proximity and force sensor  510  may switch between the force sensing mode and the proximity sensing mode. The combined proximity and force sensor  510  may be operable in a cycle where for a first period of time the combined proximity and force sensor  510  is operated in the force sensing mode and for a second period of time the combined proximity and force sensor  510  is operated in the proximity sensing mode. 
     For example, such a cycle may be approximately 20 milliseconds. Of the 20 milliseconds, the combined proximity and force sensor  510  may be operated in the force sensing mode for 15 milliseconds. Switching from the force sensing mode to the proximity sensing mode may take one millisecond. The combined proximity and force sensor  510  may be operated in the proximity sensing mode for 3 milliseconds. Switching from the proximity sensing mode to the force sensing mode may take one millisecond, completing a cycle. 
     In some implementations, the combined proximity and force sensor  510  may repeatedly cycle between the force sensing mode and the proximity sensing mode. In other implementations, the combined proximity and force sensor  510  may operate in the proximity sensing mode and then cycle once proximity is detected. In still other implementations, the combined proximity and force sensor  510  may operate in the force sensing mode and may cycle once force is detected. 
     In various implementations, one or more portions of the combined proximity and force sensor  510  may function as a gasket for the electronic device  100 . Such a gasket may be a seal between the touch display  102  and the housing  101  and/or between other components. This seal may prevent contaminants such as liquids or dust from entering the electronic device  100 . 
     For example,  FIG. 6  illustrates a front view of the third electrode  512  illustrated in  FIG. 5  with other components removed for clarity. The electrode  512  may be a portion of a larger electrode  630  that also includes a portion  631  (which may be formed of the same material as the electrode  512  or a different material) and forms a perimeter adjacent to the touch display  102  within the housing  101 . The electrode  512  may be separated from the portion  631  such that the electrode  512  may be used separately from the portion  631  for proximity sensing but electrode  512  and the portion  631  may be located sufficiently proximate to each other that the larger electrode  630  as a whole is operable to function as a force sensing grounding shield for any first and second electrodes  513  and  515  positioned beneath the larger electrode  630 . 
     Although the electrode  512  is illustrated as a single discrete portion of the larger electrode, it is understood that this is an example. In various implementations, multiple electrodes  512  may be utilized that are positioned at select locations as part of the larger electrode. Proximity or touch to each of the multiple electrodes  512  may be separately measured such that proximity at and/or touch to various edges of the electronic device  100  may be determined. In other words, signals indicating changes in capacitance for each of the multiple electrodes  512  may be produced separately and transmitted to a processing unit to determine proximity to the each multiple electrodes  512  separately thereby. 
     Further, although a single first electrode  513 , second electrode  515 , and compressible material  514  are illustrated and described above with respect to  FIG. 5 , it is understood that this is an example. In various implementations, multiple first electrodes  513 , second electrodes  515 , and compressible materials  514  may be configured between the touch display  102  and the housing  101  in order to determine force applied at different areas. 
     The electrode  512  may be separated from the portion  631  by one or more gaps such that the electrode  512  and the portion  631  are electrically isolated from each other. The gaps may be configured such that the larger electrode as a whole is operable to function as a force sensing grounding shield for any first and second electrodes  513  and  515  positioned beneath the larger electrode  630  without any such gaps impairing such shielding. 
     Returning to  FIG. 5 , a proximity/touch sensor included in the electronic device  100  may include the electrode  519 . The touch display  102  may include a cover glass  524  (such as a cover glass made of sapphire, glass, and/or other such materials) having a cover glass surface  523 . One or more touch sensing electrodes  517  may be positioned on the cover glass  524  opposite the cover glass surface  523  in a display area  516 , oriented toward the cover glass surface  523 . The touch sensing electrodes  517  may operate as capacitive touch sensors, ultrasonic touch sensors, and/or utilize any touch sensing technology. The display area  516  may be an area of the touch display  102  where images (e.g., a user interface, photographs, applications, and so on) may be presented and viewed through the cover glass surface  523 . 
     An opaque material  518  (such as black ink) may be disposed on an area of the cover glass  524  outside the display area  516  in order to block various components from view. Such components may include an antenna element  520  mounted on a support structure  521  positioned in a cavity  522  of the cover glass  524 . Such components may also include the electrode  519  positioned in the cavity  522  on the opaque material  518 . 
     The electrode  519  may be oriented differently from the touch sensing electrode(s)  517 . As shown, the electrode  519  may be oriented toward the cover glass edge surface  103  instead of the cover glass surface  523 . 
     A capacitance of the electrode  519  may be measured (such as by the processing unit  840  of  FIG. 8 ). The capacitance of the electrode  519  may change based on proximity or touch of an object (such as a user&#39;s finger or a conductive stylus) to the edge  103 . As such, the measured capacitance of the electrode  519  may be used to detect when the object is touching and/or proximate to the edge  103 . 
     The electrode  519  may be a number of electrodes positioned variously around the cover glass  524  in the cavity  522  such that touch and/or proximity at various points around the cover glass edge surface  103  may be determined. For example,  FIG. 7  is a cross-sectional view of the electronic device  100  of  FIG. 1 , taken along the line B-B of  FIG. 1 , showing the underside of the touch display  102 .  FIG. 7  illustrates the opaque material  518 , the electrodes  519 , the display area  516 , and the touch sensing electrodes  517 . As shown, the electrodes  519  may be electrically coupled to a flex circuit  733  that is bonded to the touch display  102  and/or the housing  101  by signal lines  732  (which may include and/or couple to traces, hot bar, anisotropic conductive film pad, indium tin oxide, board-to-board connectors, zero insertion force connectors, and so on). 
     Returning again to  FIG. 5 , the electrode  519  is shown as directly applied to the opaque material  518  in the cavity  522 . In some implementations, the electrode  519  may be conductive paste (such as silver paste), sputter conductor, indium tin oxide, metal foil, or other such material applied to the opaque material  518 . 
     However, it is understood that this is an example and the electrode  519  may be disposed in the cavity  522  by other mechanisms without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In one example, the electrode  519  may be disposed on a non-conductive structure (such as a cylindrical structure) positioned in the cavity  522 . In another example, the electrode  519  may be laminated to (and/or otherwise disposed on) a flex circuit positioned in the cavity  522 . 
     In yet another example, the electrode  519  may be disposed on the support structure  521  with the antenna element  520 . In such an example, the electrode  519  may be formed on the support structure  521  by various processes such as sintering, physical vapor deposition, ink nozzle, and so on. Further, in such an example, various techniques may be utilized to prevent or reduce interference between the electrode  519  and the antenna element  520 . In some cases, various forms of shielding may be used to prevent or reduce interference between the electrode  519  and the antenna element  520 . Additionally or alternatively, the electrode  519  and the antenna element  520  may be operated at different times, different frequencies, and so on to prevent or reduce interference between the electrode  519  and the antenna element  520 . 
     Although  FIG. 5  is illustrated and described as including both the combined proximity and force sensor  510  the proximity/touch sensor that utilizes the electrode  519 , it is understood that this is an example. In various implementations, the electronic device may include one of these without including both and/or may include other force sensors, proximity sensors, touch sensors, and so on. 
       FIG. 8  is a block diagram illustrating example functional relationships between example components of the electronic device  100  of  FIG. 1 . The electronic device  100  may include one or more processing units  840 , one or more communication components  842  (which may utilize the antenna element  520 ), one or more non-transitory storage media  841  (which may take the form of, but is not limited to, a magnetic storage medium; optical storage medium; magneto-optical storage medium; read only memory; random access memory; erasable programmable memory; flash memory; and so on), and/or one or more input/output components  843 . The input/output component  843  may be able to receive input and/or provide output via one or more input/output devices such as the input mechanism  104  and  105 , the touch display  102 , the combined proximity and force sensor  510 , and so on. 
     In some implementations, the combined proximity and force sensor  510  and/or other sensors may produce one or more signals indicating changes in capacitance between various electrodes. These signals may be transmitted to the processing unit  840  (which may be operably connected thereto, such as via the flex circuit  733 ). The processing unit  840  may correlate these changes in capacitance to an amount of force applied to a cover glass surface of the touch display  102 , detect proximity based on these changes in capacitance, and so on. 
       FIG. 9  is a flow chart illustrating an example method  900  for controlling a combined proximity and force sensor. This example method  900  may be performed by the electronic device of  FIGS. 1-4, 5-6, and 8 . 
     At  910 , a combined proximity and force sensor may be operated in a force sensing mode. For example, the combined proximity and force sensor may determine an applied force based on a first change in capacitance between a first electrode and a second electrode while using a third electrode as a force sensing grounding shield. 
     At  920 , the combined proximity and force sensor may switch between the force sensing mode and a proximity sensing mode. The combined proximity and force sensor may switch between the force sensing and proximity sensing modes any time the combined proximity and force sensor is operated in one of the modes and is then operated in the other mode. In some examples, the combined proximity and force sensing cycles may be performed wherein a portion of each combined proximity and force sensing cycle includes operating for a first period of time in the force sensing mode and a second period of time in the proximity sensing mode. 
     In some implementations, the combined proximity and force sensor may repeatedly cycle between the force sensing mode and the proximity sensing mode. In other implementations, the combined proximity and force sensor may operate in the proximity sensing mode and then cycle once proximity is detected. In still other implementations, the combined proximity and force sensor may operate in the force sensing mode and may cycle once force is detected. 
     At  930 , the combined proximity and force sensor may be operated in the proximity sensing mode. For example, the combined proximity and force sensor may sense proximity of an object based on a second change in capacitance of the third electrode while using the first electrode and/or the second electrode as a proximity sensing ground shield. 
     Although the example method  900  is illustrated and described as including particular operations performed in a particular order, it is understood that this is an example. In various implementations, various orders of the same, similar, and/or different operations may be performed without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. 
     For example, the example method  900  is illustrated as a linear sequence. However, in various implementations the combined proximity and force sensor may be operated in either the force sensing mode as shown at  910  or the proximity sensing mode as shown at  920  and then switched to the other mode as shown at  930  at any time without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. 
       FIG. 10  is a flow chart illustrating an example method  1000  for altering a graphical user interface based on proximity to an input mechanism. This example method  1000  may be performed by the electronic device of  FIGS. 1-8 . 
     At  1010 , a graphical user interface may be displayed. The graphical user interface may include one or more displayed elements. 
     At  1020 , proximity to an input mechanism may be detected. The proximity may be the proximity of an object, such as a user&#39;s finger or a conductive stylus, to the input mechanism. The input mechanism may be one or more knobs, buttons, keys, touch surfaces, and/or any other input mechanism (e.g., the input mechanism  104  of  FIG. 1 ). 
     At  1030 , the graphical user interface may be altered. The graphical user interface may be altered based on the detected proximity to the input mechanism. For example, the alteration of the graphical user interface may include changing a displayed element of the graphical user interface. The displayed element may be an element that is alterable by manipulation of the input mechanism. The displayed element may be changed to indicate alterations that may be made by different manipulations of the input mechanism, such as the alteration that may occur if the input mechanism is pressed as opposed to rotated, rotated in a first direction as opposed to a second, and so on. By way of another example, the graphical user interface may not be presented (e.g., the touch display may be off) during a sleep or other low power state and may be altered to present the graphical user interface (or an unlock screen) when the proximity is detected. 
     Although the example method  1000  is illustrated and described as including particular operations performed in a particular order, it is understood that this is an example. In various implementations, various orders of the same, similar, and/or different operations may be performed without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. 
     For example,  1020  is illustrated and described as detecting proximity to the input mechanism. However, in various implementations touch of the input mechanism may be determined instead proximity to the input mechanism without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. 
       FIG. 11  is a flow chart illustrating an example method  1100  for performing actions using combined touch screen and proximity or edge touch input. This example method  1100  may be performed by the electronic device of  FIGS. 1-8 . 
     At  1110 , proximity or touch to an edge may be detected. The edge may be a cover glass edge, the edge of a touch display, the edge of an electronic device adjacent to a touch display, and so on. The proximity or touch may be proximity of or touch by an object, such as a user&#39;s finger or a conductive stylus. 
     At  1120 , one or more touches may be detected on a touch display. The detected touch may be touch by an object, such as a user&#39;s finger or a conductive stylus. 
     At  1130 , an action may be performed or initiated based on the edge and touch input (the detected proximity and touches). The action may be performed or initiated based on a combination of the edge and the touch input. The detected proximity and touches may be interpreted as one or more gestures. 
     For example, a touch to an edge of a touch display may be detected that then slides partway across the touch display. An action performed or initiated based on this detected touch can be different from an action that is performed or initiated when a sliding touch is detected on the touch display without first detecting a touch on the edge. 
     Although the example method  1100  is illustrated and described as including particular operations performed in a particular order, it is understood that this is an example. In various implementations, various orders of the same, similar, and/or different operations may be performed without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. 
     For example,  1110  and  1120  are illustrated and described as separate, linear operations. However, in various implementations touch and/or proximity to an edge and touch on a touch display may occur and be detected simultaneously and/or in various overlapping and/or other orders without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. 
       FIG. 12  is a flow chart illustrating an example method  1200  for performing actions using moving edge proximity or touch input. This example method  1200  may be performed by the electronic device of  FIGS. 1-8 . 
     At  1210 , proximity or touch to an edge may be detected. The edge may be the edge of a touch display, the edge of an electronic device adjacent to a touch display, and so on. The proximity or touch may be proximity of or touch by an object, such as a user&#39;s finger or a conductive stylus. 
     At  1220 , movement of the proximity or touch may be detected. The movement may be in one or more directions along the edge. 
     At  1230 , an action may be performed or initiated based on the detected movement of the proximity or touch along the edge. The detected movement of the proximity or touch may be interpreted as one or more gestures. For example, a menu may be scrolled in a direction corresponding to the direction of the detected movement of the proximity or touch along the edge. By way of another example, a volume may be increased or decreased corresponding to the direction of the detected movement of the proximity or touch along the edge. 
     Although the example method  1200  is illustrated and described as including particular operations performed in a particular order, it is understood that this is an example. In various implementations, various orders of the same, similar, and/or different operations may be performed without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. 
     For example,  1210  and  1220  are illustrated and described as separate, linear operations. However, in various implementations detection of proximity or touch and detection of movement of such proximity or touch may be performed simultaneously and/or in various overlapping and/or other orders without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. 
     As described above and illustrated in the accompanying figures, the present disclosure relates to proximity and/or touch sensing of edges of an electronic device. In various implementations, a combined proximity and force sensor may include first and second electrodes separated by a compressible material and an additional third electrode. The combined proximity and force sensor may operate in a force sensing mode by determining an applied force based on a first change in capacitance between the first and second electrodes related to compression of the compressible material. In this force sensing mode, the third electrode may function as a force sensing ground shield. The combined proximity and force sensor may operate in a proximity sensing mode by sensing proximity of an object based on a second change in capacitance of the third electrode. In this proximity sensing mode, the first and/or second electrodes may function as a proximity sensing ground shield. In this way, components of a combined proximity and force sensor may be used to detect both touch and force by using the components to perform different functions at different times. 
     In some implementations, an electronic device may include a touch display. The touch display may include a cover glass with a cover glass surface having a display area, a cover glass edge surface, and a cavity formed around a perimeter of the touch display. One or more capacitive or other touch sensing electrodes may be positioned on the cover glass opposite the cover glass surface in the display area, oriented toward the cover glass surface. The cover glass may also include an opaque material positioned in the cavity and one or more electrodes positioned on the opaque material, oriented toward the cover glass edge surface. The electronic device may detect touch or proximity to the cover glass edge surface based on a change in capacitance of the electrode. In this way, touch and/or proximity to the edge of the electronic device may be utilized as input in addition to touch to the display area. 
     In the present disclosure, the methods disclosed may be implemented as sets of instructions or software readable by a device. Further, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the methods disclosed are examples of sample approaches. In other embodiments, the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the method can be rearranged while remaining within the disclosed subject matter. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various steps in a sample order, and are not necessarily meant to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented. 
     The described disclosure may be provided as a computer program product, or software, that may include a non-transitory machine-readable medium having stored thereon instructions, which may be used to program a computer system (or other electronic devices) to perform a process according to the present disclosure. A non-transitory machine-readable medium includes any mechanism for storing information in a form (e.g., software, processing application) readable by a machine (e.g., a computer). The non-transitory machine-readable medium may take the form of, but is not limited to, a magnetic storage medium (e.g., floppy diskette, video cassette, and so on); optical storage medium (e.g., CD-ROM); magneto-optical storage medium; read only memory (ROM); random access memory (RAM); erasable programmable memory (e.g., EPROM and EEPROM); flash memory; and so on. 
     The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, used specific nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the specific details are not required in order to practice the described embodiments. Thus, the foregoing descriptions of the specific embodiments described herein are presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not targeted to be exhaustive or to limit the embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20170724
Publication Date: 20181225
Grant Date: 20181225
Priority Date: 20150804
Inventors: KUBOYAMA, YUTA
GARG, VIKRAM
SHUMA, Richard D.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G06F3/044", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04113", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04105", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/163", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04102", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/045", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0414", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0416", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0412", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04108", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0488", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0445", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04108", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04105", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0488", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/163", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0445", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0416", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04108", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04105", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0488", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/163", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/045", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0412", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04113", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0416", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04102", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 58052572