PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-10861629-B1
Application Number: US-201815890618-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B1

Title: Solid state deposition of magnetizable materials

Abstract:
Solid-state deposition of materials and structures formed thereof are described. In particular embodiments, solid-state deposition of materials may be utilized for integrated magnetic assemblies. The integrated magnetic assemblies may include a substrate having a cavity that is physically isolated from an environment external from the substrate and a magnetizable magnetic element formed of particles of magnetizable material. The magnetizable magnetic element may be carried within the cavity such that the magnetizable magnetic element fills the cavity and takes on a size and a shape of the cavity.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An electronic device, comprising:
 a housing having a cavity that forms a predefined shape; and 
 a magnetizable magnetic element formed of magnetizable particles, 
 wherein the magnetizable magnetic element is carried within the cavity such that the magnetizable magnetic element fills the cavity and takes on a size and a shape of the cavity; 
 an encapsulating layer that covers the cavity such that the magnetizable particles are enclosed within the housing; and 
 a touch display coupled with the housing, the touch display covering the cavity thereby enclosing the magnetizable magnetic element within the housing. 
 
     
     
       2. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the magnetizable particles are deposited into the cavity by spray deposition process. 
     
     
       3. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the magnetizable particles comprise a magnetic property capable of being adjusted in accordance with an applied magnetizing magnetic field. 
     
     
       4. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the magnetizable particles are coated with filler material. 
     
     
       5. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the housing is formed of a non-magnetic material. 
     
     
       6. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the magnetizable magnetic element comprises layers of magnetizable material. 
     
     
       7. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the magnetizable particles are magnetized such that a magnetic element having a magnetic property is formed, wherein the magnetic element includes a first portion having a magnetic field with a first magnetic property and a second portion having a magnetic field with a second magnetic property. 
     
     
       8. The electronic device of  claim 7 , wherein the first magnetic property corresponds to a first magnetic polarity and the second magnetic property corresponds to a second magnetic polarity. 
     
     
       9. A method for integrating magnetic particles with a housing of an electronic device, the method comprising:
 filling the magnetic particles in a recess of the housing, wherein the magnetic particles define a magnet that includes a shape corresponding to a predefined shape based on the recess; 
 covering the recess with an encapsulating layer that covers such that the magnet is enclosed within the housing; and 
 coupling a touch display with the housing, the touch display covering the recess. 
 
     
     
       10. The method of  claim 9 , wherein filling the magnetic particles in the recess comprises spraying the magnetic particles in the recess. 
     
     
       11. The method of  claim 10 , wherein the spraying of the magnetic particles of the magnetizable material includes thermal spraying. 
     
     
       12. The method of  claim 11 , further comprising:
 providing a heat sink that is thermally coupled with the housing; and 
 drawing, by the heat sink, heat providing by the thermal spraying. 
 
     
     
       13. The method of  claim 9 , further comprising using an external magnetic field to align magnetic domains of the magnetic particles while the magnetic particles are being deposited. 
     
     
       14. An electronic device, comprising:
 a housing including a recess that forms a predefined shape; 
 magnetic particles that fill the recess, the magnetic particles defining a magnet that includes a shape corresponding to the predefined shape; 
 an encapsulating layer that covers the recess such that the magnet is enclosed within the housing; and 
 a touch display coupled with the housing, the touch display covering the recess. 
 
     
     
       15. The electronic device of  claim 14 , wherein the housing further comprises:
 a front portion having a front opening; 
 a back portion; and 
 sidewalls that extend away from the back portion, the sidewalls integrally formed with the front portion and having edges that define the front opening. 
 
     
     
       16. The electronic device of  claim 14 , wherein the magnetic particles comprise a magnetizable material. 
     
     
       17. The electronic device of  claim 14 , wherein the unitary magnetic particles has a magnetic property that is detectable by a magnetic sensor external to the housing. 
     
     
       18. The electronic device of  claim 14 , wherein the structure housing includes multiple recesses. 
     
     
       19. The electronic device of  claim 14 , wherein the housing is non-magnetic and wherein the encapsulating layer is ferromagnetic such that the encapsulating layer acts as a magnetic shunt.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/467,044, entitled “SOLID STATE DEPOSITION OF MAGNETIZABLE MATERIALS,” filed Mar. 3, 2017, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     The described embodiments relate generally to solid-state deposition of magnetizable materials. More particularly, the embodiments relate to structures, devices, and accessories for electronic devices and computing devices that include integrated magnetizable materials formed by deposition. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Electronic devices incorporate a variety of electrical components that can each provide different functions. In the construction of electronic devices, the use of magnets is prevalent. Magnets, in particular permanent magnets, are typically implemented in various structures and design. At the same time, aesthetic is an increasingly important aspect of the user experience. The design, size, and construction of devices and accessories may be limited and even dependent on the size and structure of pre-shaped and pre-constructed magnets to be implemented in the devices and accessories. Conventional magnets in some embodiments do not provide for sufficient flexibility in order to achieve desired design aspects. 
     SUMMARY 
     Some embodiments of the present invention can include integrated magnetic assemblies. The integrated magnetic assemblies may include a substrate having a cavity that is physically isolated from an environment external from the substrate and a magnetizable magnetic element formed of particles of magnetizable material. The magnetizable magnetic element may be carried within the cavity such that the magnetizable magnetic element fills the cavity and takes on a size and a shape of the cavity. 
     Other embodiments include methods of integrating magnets in an assembly. The methods may include solid state depositing a magnetizable material on a material-receiving portion of a structure, shaping the deposited magnetizable material on the structure and magnetizing the deposited magnetizable material subsequent to the depositing. 
     Further embodiments include electronic devices. The electronic devices may include a housing including a recess, the housing formed of a first material and a unitary magnetic element comprising particles of a magnetizable material carried in the recess of the housing, the unitary magnetic element taking on a size and a shape of the recess. The electronic devices may also include a layer of second material positioned with respect to the unitary magnetic element, the layer of second material covering the recess such that the unitary magnetic element is enclosed within the housing. 
     Other aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the described embodiments. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The disclosure will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like structural elements. 
         FIG. 1A  illustrates an exemplary portable electronic device. 
         FIG. 1B  illustrates a perspective view of an exemplary portable electronic device. 
         FIGS. 2A and 2B  are side views illustrating a structure with a magnetic portion. 
         FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 3E, and 3F  are side views of a structure being assembled with an integrated magnetic material deposited. 
         FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D  are side views of examples structures used for constructing devices with integrated magnetic materials. 
         FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C  show deposition of magnetizable materials on various structures and material-receiving portions of the structures. 
         FIGS. 6A, 6B, 6C, and 6D  depict shaping and encapsulation/integration of magnetizable materials in a structure with a material-receiving portion. 
         FIGS. 7A, 7B, 7C, and 7D  depict shaping and encapsulation/integration of magnetizable materials in a structure with a plurality of material-receiving portions. 
         FIGS. 8A, 8B, 8C, and 8D  depict shaping and encapsulation/integration of magnetizable materials in various structures having material-receiving portions. 
         FIG. 9  is a side view showing magnetization of example integrated magnetizable materials in structures depicted at  FIGS. 6A-6D . 
         FIG. 10  is a side view showing magnetization of example integrated magnetizable materials in structures depicted at  FIGS. 7A-7D . 
         FIG. 11  is a side view showing magnetization of integrated magnetizable materials in structures depicted at  FIGS. 8A-8D . 
         FIG. 12  is a side view of a device attached to an accessory, the device and accessory having integrated magnetics formed from deposited magnetizable material. 
         FIG. 13  is a side view of a device attached to an accessory via an adapter, the adapter and accessory having integrated magnets formed from deposited magnetizable material. 
         FIG. 14  is a side view of a device attached to an accessory with edges, the device and the edges of the accessory having integrated magnets formed from deposited magnetizable material. 
         FIGS. 15A, 15B, and 15C  show electronic devices and attachment accessories in various orientations with deposited magnetic materials and integrated magnets. 
         FIG. 15D  is a side view of a portable electronic device with embedded magnetic materials/elements. 
         FIGS. 16A and 16B  depict deposition of magnetic materials on filler and fabric materials. 
         FIG. 17  shows an example device utilizing magnetic filler material. 
         FIGS. 18A, 18B, and 18C  are side views of magnetic material deposition on structures with material-receiving portions utilizing masking portions. 
         FIG. 19  is a diagram of a stack/arrangement of magnetizable material layers formed by deposition with various magnetic properties. 
         FIG. 20  is a diagram of a stack/arrangement of magnetizable material layers formed by deposition with various magnetic properties coupled to an electromagnetic source. 
         FIG. 21  is a diagram of a magnetic material coated with another material for use in solid-state deposition. 
         FIG. 22A  is a side view of an example magnet formed with varying size, magnetic strength, and magnetic orientation. 
         FIG. 22B  is a side view of an example magnet formed with an increasing size and constant magnetic field strength. 
         FIG. 23  is a flowchart of steps in an exemplary method of depositing magnetic materials and forming devices with integrated magnets. 
         FIG. 24  is an exemplary box diagram of a computer system for implementing the various methods, processes and systems disclosed herein. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the following detailed description, references are made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of the description and in which are shown, by way of illustration, specific embodiments in accordance with the described embodiments. Although these embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable one skilled in the art to practice the described embodiments, it is understood that these examples are not limiting, such that other embodiments may be used, and changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the described embodiments. 
     Many electronic devices have been designed to be more compact while also increasing functionality of the computing devices. Computing devices have also been designed to provide an improved user experience. 
     Embodiments of the present invention include computer devices, such as tablets, laptops, cellular phones, smart phones, and other devices that may utilize magnets or magnetic assemblies. 
     The magnetic assemblies may include a structure, base, substrate, or bottom portion with material-receiving portions. Material, such as magnetizable material (along the lines of ferromagnetic material), may be deposited on the structure and into the material-receiving portions by solid-state deposition, including cold spray techniques, thermal spray techniques, laser assisted spray techniques, and others. The material or magnetic domains of the material may be aligned or directed during deposition by electromagnets, and heat may be regulated or transferred through the use of heat sinks such that the effects of heat during the solid-state deposition are lessened. The material may be formed, shaped, machined, or otherwise modified after it is deposited on the substrate and into the material-receiving portions. The material may also be encapsulated in the substrate or structure by placement of a top portion or cover over the material or deposition and formation of additional material over the structure. Further, masking may be used prior to and during deposition such that particular shapes may be constructed. Making may also be utilized to protect the deposited materials from the formation of oxide layers that may occur during deposition. 
     The material may be magnetized during deposition, after deposition, after shaping or machining, after encapsulation, and/or during other steps of the solid-state deposition and magnetic assembly formation processes. The materials may be magnetized to generate a magnetic field of a particular strength and direction. The magnetic material may have various shapes or gradient shapes, and may also include multiple portions that have been magnetized in different directions or according to different strengths. Furthermore, the material for deposition may be formed of various elements or particles to achieve desired properties, such as ductility. 
     Types of magnetic or magnetizable materials may include rare earth metals, such as Samarium-cobalt, Neodymium, Lanthanide-based, etc., ferromagnetic or ferromagnetic materials (e.g., iron-based), paramagnetic substances (e.g., platinum, aluminum, oxygen, etc.), diamagnetic materials, superconductors, etc. Other suitable magnetic materials which can be ground, reduced in size, fined, or otherwise utilized with the deposition techniques disclosed herein will be understood to those of skill in the art. The size of the magnetic or magnetizable materials may be configured or constructed to facilitate release from nozzles or other deposition devices used to deposit the magnetic materials. Magnetic or magnetizable materials or material candidates for magnetization other than those listed in this description may be used without departing from the invention disclosed herein. 
     These and other embodiments are discussed below with reference to  FIGS. 1A-24 ; however, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the detailed description given herein with respect to these figures is for explanatory purposes only and should not be construed as limiting. 
     Turning first to  FIGS. 1A and 1B , an exemplary electronic device  100  is illustrated in top plan and front perspective views. Electronic device  100  can be a tablet computing device, for example, although other similar types and varieties of electronic devices can also apply for the various disclosed components and features disclosed herein. For example, the various embodiments disclosed herein could also be used with a smart phone, a media playback device, a personal digital assistant, and a laptop computer, among other possible portable electronic devices. Portable electronic device  100  can include an outer housing  102 , which can be adapted to hold a processor and other electronic components inside, and can also provide space for an exterior touchscreen or other display  104 , one or more buttons, such as home button  106  and a camera  108 , among other possible device components. The home button  106  may be virtual and may be optionally included with the electronic device  100 . In embodiments where the device  100  is provided with a touch display or touch-screen, the display  104  may have touch capabilities well suited for receiving a touch event (and/or, in embodiments where the device  100  includes a haptic device, providing haptic feedback as a touch even), that can be used, for example, to control various operation of the electronic device if appropriately configured. 
     The use of magnets is prevalent in the market for electronic devices, such as device  100 , other portable electronic devices, such as laptop computers, cellular telephones, watches, speakers, televisions, and the like. Magnets may also be used in accessory devices, such as cases, attachments, utensils, bands, etc. However, many drawbacks are associated with the use of magnets in, for example, manufacturing and design. Magnets, such as permanent magnets, are typically manufactured in predetermined shapes and sizes, and have been permanently magnetized before being implemented or integrated into electronic devices or accessories. Magnets often require discrete quantities and placements to achieve the desired magnetic effects. Thus, design and manufacturing decisions are often made in consideration of or entirely based on the limitations of shape, size, strength, and field distribution of the magnets. 
     These and other example limitations are depicted in  FIGS. 2A and 2B .  FIG. 2A  is an exploded side view of components of an electronic device  200 , accessory device, and/or other magnet-utilizing device, and  FIG. 2B  is a compacted side view of the assembled device  200  of  FIG. 2A . The device  200  may include a top portion  202 , a bottom portion  204  and a magnet  206 . The magnet  206  may be pre-sized and pre-magnetized. As assembled, the magnet  206  is enclosed within the device  200  between top portion  202  and bottom portion  204 . The magnet  206  may alternatively be adhered to either the top portion  202 , bottom portion  204 , or both. Since the magnet  206  is pre-sized, the design and shape of the top portion  202  and bottom portion  204  are made based primarily on the magnet  206  and not other considerations, such as thickness, form factor, functionality, etc. Thus, in the example shown, the assembled device  200  may include unused gaps  208  and  210  between the portions  202 ,  204  and the magnet  206 . The device  200  may also be of a thickness  212  that is disadvantageous or undesired (or both). The shortcomings of the device  200  shown in  FIGS. 2A and 2B  are predicated by the pre-sized and pre-magnetized magnet  206 . 
     Therefore, alternative systems, devices, assembly methods, and processes for constructing integrated magnets for electronic devices and accessories are desired and disclosed herein. 
     As described herein, a structure of an assembly, device, and the like may refer to a structure, a bottom portion, a bottom layer, substrate, base, product, or other type of layer onto which magnetic or magnetizable material may be deposited and into which material-receiving portions may be formed. The deposited material as described herein may be magnetic material (e.g., material magnetized prior to deposition), non-magnetic material, magnetizable material (e.g., material that is non-magnetized and/or susceptible to magnetization such that the material may be magnetized during deposition or following deposition), and/or a combination thereof. The structures may be constructed of various materials described herein. The structures may have various sizes, shapes, and thicknesses (e.g., round, flat, mono-layer substrates, etc.). These terms may be used interchangeably and alternative uses of these like terms is not meant to limit or depart from the spirit of the invention disclosed herein. 
       FIG. 3A  is a side view of a basic configuration  300  for constructing electronic devices, accessories, products, and the like according to examples of the invention. The device  300  may include a bottom portion or structure  302  that is formed of a non-magnetic material, a magnetic material, or of a combination of non-magnetic material and magnetic material. The bottom portion or structure  302  also includes a material-receiving portion  308 . The material-receiving portion  308  may be formed by machining processes, shaping processes, and/or other suitable processes as will be understood to those of skill in the art from the disclosure herein. The material-receiving portion  308  as shown in the configuration  300  may be a divot, cavity, or other interior portion of reduced thickness with respect to the overall thickness of the bottom portion  302 . The material-receiving portion  308  may be physically isolated from the environment external to the structure  302 . Other suitable shapes of the material-receiving portion  308  are depicted throughout the disclosure herein, and further suitable shapes will be understood by those of skill in the art. 
     Positioned above (or otherwise with respect to) the bottom portion  302  is a nozzle  304  that is configured to spray or expel material  306  toward the bottom portion  302  (e.g., in the material-receiving portion  308 ). Although the material deposition is shown to be performed by spraying from a nozzle  304  in configuration  300 , other material deposition techniques such as solid-state deposition are disclosed throughout. The material  306  may be a magnetic material. For example, the material may have magnetic properties and is grounded to a grain size fine enough to be sprayed or expelled by nozzle  304 . Thus, the material  306  may be sprayed by the nozzle  304  into the material-receiving portion  308  of the bottom portion  302 . In some embodiments, it may be desired to spray the material  306  to enter the material-receiving portion  308  and to also cover parts of the structure  302  outside of or external to the material-receiving portion  308 . 
     As shown in the configuration  310  of  FIG. 3B , the material  306  may be deposited by the nozzle  304  to form a material layer  312  within the material-receiving portion  308  of the structure  302 . The layer  312  as depicted is of a thickness such that the layer  312  does not exceed the upper surface of the bottom portion  302 . The layer  312  shape and size may also be controlled during deposition of the material  306 , as well as shaped or machined after deposition of the material  306 , as is disclosed with reference to  FIG. 5A  and beyond. In configuration  310 , the material-receiving portion  308  is shaped such that the material  306  may fall into or mold into the shape of the material-receiving portion  308  while being deposited and without machining. Therefore, the design, dimensions, and overall construction may not be dependent on the size and shape of a pre-formed permanent magnet, such as magnet  206  in device  200  of  FIGS. 2A and 2B . When deposition is stopped or complete, the material  306  may extend above the material-receiving portion  308  and outside of the structure  302 , although the layer  312  depicted in  FIGS. 3B-3F  has a flattened top surface for illustration purposes. In some embodiments, after the material  306  is deposited on structure  302 , the configuration  310  may be cleaned, shaped, or otherwise prepared for additional assembly steps. 
       FIGS. 3C and 3D  depict an assembly  316  being formed by steps following the deposition of material  306  in  FIG. 3A  and formation of the layer  312  in  FIG. 3B . The layer  312  (and other layers described herein) may form a magnetic element which can be later magnetized or magnetized during deposition/prior to deposition. The assembly  316  is shown to be formed to encapsulate or enclose the layer of material  312  by positioning a top portion or cover  314  over the layer  312 . The top portion or cover  314  may be positioned after the material layer  312  is formed, such that the material layer  312  is encapsulated within the assembly  316 . The cover  314  may be pre-formed and/or constructed of the same or similar non-magnetic or partially magnetic material as the bottom portion or structure  302 . When the cover  314  is placed over the material layer  312  and in contact with the structure  302 , seams  318  may be formed at the positions of contact between the cover  314  and the structure  302  and layer  312 . The cover  314  may be attached to the structure  302  to encapsulate the layer  312  by adhesives (e.g., adhesives positioned at the seams  318 ), magnetic coupling (not shown), or other attachment mechanism. As shown, the thickness  320  of the assembly  316  when formed is less than the thickness  212  of device  200 . 
       FIGS. 3E and 3F  depict an assembly  324  being formed by steps following the deposition of material  306  in  FIG. 3A  and formation of the layer  312  in  FIG. 3B . The assembly  324  is shown to be formed to encapsulate, embed, enclose or otherwise carry the layer of material  312  by depositing an enclosing material  326  from enclosing material source  322  over the layer  312 . The enclosing material source  322  may be configured to deposit the enclosing material  326  over the layer  312  and structure  302 . For example, the enclosing material  326  may include another magnetic material, material similar to the material of the structure  302 , a thermoplastic, a thermoset plastic configured to set with the structure  302  formed on a similar thermoset plastic prior to the plastic being set (e.g., the thermosets being at temperatures above setting point), etc. In contrast to the assembly  316 , the assembly  324  encloses the layer  312  in a seamless construction, thereby having (in some examples) an overall thickness  328  that is less than thickness  320  of assembly  316 . The assembly  324  may be seamless in that both the structure  302  and the added material  326  are of the same material and thereby, when formed together, do not have a physical or visible seam, or border area, where the two materials were joined. The assembly  324  may also be seamless, although a different material may be used to encapsulate the layer  312 , such that a border or area where the added material  326  is added to the structure  302  may be visible but not have a physical seam. Although the thicknesses  320  and  328  may vary with respect to each other, advantageously, these thicknesses may be less than that of thickness  212  of device  200 . Furthermore, when compared to device  200 , less space is utilized, less magnetic material may be consumed, the formation of gaps may be prevented, the shape of the magnetic may be customized, etc. Various other benefits and advantages of assemblies  316  and  324  are shown and described herein. 
     The magnetic materials, non-magnetic and partially magnetic geometric structures, formation processes, magnetization procedures, and devices/accessories are described in detail with reference to  FIGS. 4A-24  below. 
     Referring next to  FIGS. 4A-4D , side views of example structures with material-receiving portions are shown. The structures shown may be formed by machining or other shaping processes. The structures may be constructed of non-magnetic material or partially magnetic material. In some embodiments, the structures are formed of magnetic materials for utilization of particular magnetization properties as will be described below. 
       FIG. 4A  shows an example material block  400  before being machined or shaped with structures. The material block  400  may be a slab or basic form of material that will be machined, shaped, altered, and the like as desired. The material block  400  may include non-magnetic material, magnetic material, plastic material (e.g., thermoplastics, non-set thermo set plastic, set plastic, etc.), other metal material, and/or any combination of viable materials suitable for machining and magnetic integration as will be understood by those of skill in the art from the disclosure herein. 
     In  FIG. 4B , the material block (e.g., block  400 ) is machined or shaped into a structure  402 . The structure  402  may include edges  404  as well as a material-receiving portion  406  that is of a thickness less than the rest of the structure  402 . The material-receiving portion  406  may be defined by the deepest portion in the structure  402  or the entire area between the edges  404 .  FIG. 4C  is an example machined/shaped structure  408  that includes various material-receiving portions  410  and  412 . The structure  408  may include square-shaped material-receiving portions  410  and a cone-shaped material-receiving portion  412 . The material-receiving portions  410  and  412  are shown to have various thicknesses.  FIG. 4D  is an example machined/shaped structure  414  where the structure  414  is shaped to have areas of varying heights. Sections  416  as shown include edges  418  of increased height, thereby forming a recessed portion  420  between the edges  418 , such that the recessed portion  420  may act as a material-receiving portion. A protrusion  422  may be formed near the center (or other section) of the structure  414  between the sections  416 , and may extend to a height greater than that of the sections  416 . The arrangement of the protrusion  422  being between the sections  416  forms walled portions  424  on both sides of the protrusion  422 . The walled portions  424  are, in effect, sectioned by the sides of the protrusion  422  and the edges  418  of the sections  416  and thereby may act as material-receiving portions. 
     Deposition of materials may be performed in various ways. The material (e.g., magnetic material, magnetizable material, etc.) may be ground into fine enough particles such that it can be deposited by spraying. Cold spraying techniques as well as thermal spraying techniques (or a hybrid of cold and thermal spraying techniques) and flame spray techniques may be utilized for depositing material (e.g., solid-state deposition). Other deposition techniques may be utilized that achieve additive magnet or material layering on substrates or structures. The magnetic material may be deposited in inert atmospheres to facilitate accurate deposition (e.g., nitrogen atmosphere, argon atmosphere, etc.). Laser inducing techniques may be utilized as well, such as coaxial laser assisted deposition for local heating and relatively fast cooling. Any combination of the techniques listed herein may be utilized for material deposition, and these techniques listed are not exclusive. Advantageously, the deposition techniques may be implemented to prevent or otherwise reduce the formation of an oxide layer during deposition and/or prior to magnetization, thereby increasing the efficiency of the formation process as well as the quality of the devices or magnets being produced. The deposition technique may be selected based on the type of material being used, type of atmosphere available, type of device or accessory being made, etc. Those of skill in the art will understand additional techniques outside of those listed for deposition may be utilized without departing from the invention disclosed herein. 
     Referring next to  FIGS. 5A-5C , side views of material deposition on the structures shown in  FIGS. 4B-4D  are shown. In  FIG. 5A , material deposition on the geometric structure  402  from  FIG. 4B  is shown. The structure  402  includes the edges  404  and the material-receiving portion  406 . In  FIG. 5B , material deposition on the geometric structure  408  from  FIG. 4C  is shown. The structure  408  includes the square-shaped material-receiving portions  410  and the cone-shaped material-receiving portion  412 . In  FIG. 5C , material deposition on the geometric structure  414  is shown. The structure  414  includes the protrusion  422  and sections  416  as described above, which form material-receiving portions  406 . 
     A nozzle  500  is positioned above the structures  402 ,  408 , and  414  to deposit material  502  over the structures  402 ,  408 ,  414  and into the respective material-receiving portions. The material deposition creates material layers  504 ,  510 , and  516 . Although the structures show material-receiving portions, the deposition of material may not result in an even deposition or deposition only in the material-receiving portions. For example, the material layers  504 ,  510 , and  516  have varying thicknesses and extends to areas outside of the material-receiving portions. Further, the layers  504 ,  510 , and  516  as shown have not been shaped or machined, such that the layers may not have a preconfigured shape. In some embodiments, the material  502  being deposited is not permanently magnetized during deposition, and may be magnetized following deposition as is described below, such that the strength, direction, and other aspects of the material when magnetized can be customized. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 5A and 5B , associated with or coupled to the structures may be an electromagnet  506 . In addition,  FIG. 5B  includes electromagnets  514  optionally positioned above the structure  408  and generally in line with the nozzle  500 . In another embodiment as shown in  FIG. 5C , an electromagnet  518  may be positioned below the structure  414  and an electromagnet  520  may be positioned above the nozzle  500 . As described above, the material  502  may be a magnetic material having magnetic characteristics (e.g., polarity, strength, etc.) that can be manipulated during deposition to align the material  502  in a particular shape or configuration, or to align/arrange the material  502  according to alignment of magnetic fields. The electromagnets may be configured, positioned, etc., for alignment of magnetic domains of the material being deposited and, thus, electromagnets may be configured to direct or guide the magnetic material  502  during deposition such that the magnetic material  502  is constricted to or directed to particular locations or forms particular shapes/layers. In some embodiments, the electromagnets act as a magnetic lens to direct the amount and location to which material  502  is deposited. For example, the electromagnets may act as a magnetic lens by generating a magnetic field directed toward the nozzle  500  or outer area of the nozzle  500  where the material  502  is expelled/deposited. The magnetic field from the electromagnets may constrict the material  502  exiting the nozzle  500  in a particular direction and in a dispersion of particular thickness (e.g., constricting the radius of the dispersion amount) such that an amount and location of the material  502  deposited may be customized. Although the embodiments depict electromagnets attached to the structures or nozzles being implemented to generate magnetic fields during deposition, electromagnets may be attached to other portions structures, and other examples may not require the presence of such electromagnets. For instance, deposition of material  502  may occur within a magnetic field being generated by an outside source not attached to the structures, nozzles, or other components used for deposition, and such magnetic fields can align or arrange deposition of the material  502  on the structures as desired. Further, deposition of material may be performed on a substrate that is moving during deposition within an electromagnetic field to achieve a desired arrangement or alignment of the deposited materials. 
     Additionally, coupled to or associated with the structures is a heat sink for reducing effects of heat during the deposition processes and/or further processes described herein. The heat sink may be implemented in various positions. For example, in  FIG. 5A , the heat sink  508  is positioned to surround the electromagnet  506  and is otherwise coupled to a bottom surface of the structure  402 . In  FIG. 5B , the heat sink  512  is coupled to a bottom surface of the structure  408  and a top surface of the electromagnet  506  (e.g., the heat sink  512  is positioned between the structure/substrate  408  and the electromagnet  506 ). In  FIG. 5C  a heat sink  522  is positioned at the edges of the structure  414  and coupled to the side and bottom of the structure  414 . The positions of heat sinks depicted are exemplary and not exclusive. Those of skill in the art will understand other suitable positions for heat sinks from the disclosure herein. The heat sinks may be high capacity heat sinks and may be constructed of multiple heat sinks strategically positioned for the transfer of heat. In embodiments where the material is deposited through thermal spraying or hybrid cold/thermal spraying techniques (and/or other technique where heat is utilized or may be a factor), the heat sinks may be employed to dissipate the heat from the structures, thereby reducing the effects of heat on the structures during material deposition. Dissipation of heat during deposition of materials may be utilized, for example, in assemblies where the structures/substrates are sensitive to the heat generated and/or the shape of the structures/substrates (or the deposited material) may be altered due to exposure to heat (e.g., in examples where the structures are thermoplastics, thermosets, or other materials with relatively low melting point temperatures). 
     Referring next to  FIGS. 6A-6D , examples of machining, shaping, and encapsulating with respect to substrate/structure  602  are shown. The structure  602  may be similar to the structure  402  of  FIGS. 4B and 5B . In  FIG. 6A , the assembly  600  includes a substrate  602  that has a material-receiving portion  604 . Material has been deposited on the substrate  602  (e.g., in the shape of material  504  from  FIG. 5A ) and the material is shaped or machined into shaped layer  606 . A machining and shaping process may be utilized to remove the portions of material to form the shaped layer  606 . Alternatively, electromagnets may have been utilized to manipulate the alignment/arrangement of the materials during deposition such that the shaped layer  606  was formed without machining or other shaping operations. In  FIG. 6B , a machined assembly  608  (e.g., machined from assembly  600 ) is shown. The assembly  608  includes substrate  602  with a material-receiving portion  604 . The shaped layer  606  from assembly  600  has been further machined to form flat layer  610 . The flat material layer  610  includes a flat top surface  612  and is shaped to fill the material-receiving portion  604 . 
     In  FIG. 6C , a further developed assembly  614  from the machined assembly  608  is shown. The flat material layer  610  in assembly  614  may be covered by a top portion cover  616 , thereby encapsulating the material layer  610  within the structure  602 . In this example, the cover  616  is configured to cover the entire flat surface  612  of flat material layer  610 . The cover  616  may be formed prior to attachment, such that positioning the cover  616  over the material layer  610  leaves seams  618  from the attachment. The cover  616  may be adhered to the substrate  602  to encapsulate the flat material layer  610  by adhesives, magnetic coupling, etc. In an alternative embodiment,  FIG. 6D  shows a further developed assembly  620  from assembly  608 . Assembly  620  differs from assembly  614  in that a cover is not positioned over the material layer  610 , but rather, an additional encapsulating material  622  is deposited over the material layer  610  to form a uniform, seamless encapsulation. The additional material  622  may be of a same or similar material to that of the substrate  602 . The material  622  may be attached to the substrate  602  seamlessly by a heating process (e.g., the material  622  and substrate  602  may be a thermoplastic material or other un-set material which can be molded and shaped with the newly deposited material  622 ). 
     Referring next to  FIGS. 7A-7D , examples of machining, shaping, and encapsulating with respect to substrate/structure  702  are shown. The substrate  702  may be similar to the substrate  408  shown in  FIG. 4C  and  FIG. 5B . In  FIG. 7A , the assembly  700  includes a substrate  702  that has square-shaped material-receiving portions  706  and a cone-shaped material-receiving portion  708 . Material  704  has been deposited on the substrate  702  (e.g., in the shape of material  510  from  FIG. 5B ) and the material is shaped or machined into shaped layer  710 . A machining and shaping process may be utilized to remove the portions of material to form the shaped layer  710 . Alternatively, electromagnets may have been utilized to manipulate the alignment/arrangement of the materials during deposition such that the shaped layer  710  was formed without machining or other shaping operations. In  FIG. 7B , a machined assembly  712  (e.g., machined from assembly  700 ) is shown. The assembly  712  includes substrate  702  with square-shaped material-receiving portions  706  and a cone-shaped material-receiving portion  708 . The shaped layer  710  from assembly  700  has been further machined to remove material above the top surface of the substrate  702 . As a result, three separate material depositions are formed in the structure  702 . Square shaped material depositions  714  and  716  are formed within the square material-receiving portions  706  and a cone-shaped material deposition  718  is formed within the cone-shaped material-receiving portion  708 . 
     In  FIG. 7C , a further developed assembly  722  from the machined assembly  712  is shown. A cover may be placed on the top surface  720  of the substrate  702 , or, as shown, multiple covers  724 ,  726 , and  728  may be placed over each of the material-receiving portions  706  and  708 . In such embodiments, the covers may form seams. For example, cover  724  may form a seam  730 , cover  726  may form seam  732 , and cover  728  may form seam  734 . The covers  724 ,  726 , and  728  may be adhered to the substrate  702  to encapsulate the shaped material depositions  714 ,  716 , and  718  by adhesives, magnetic coupling, etc. In an alternative embodiment,  FIG. 7D  shows a further developed assembly  736  from assembly  712 . Assembly  736  differs from assembly  722  in that a cover is not positioned over the material depositions, but rather, an additional encapsulating material  738  is deposited over the material-receiving portions  706  and  708  to form a uniform, seamless encapsulation from the bottom of the substrate  702  to the top surface  740  of the encapsulation material  738 . The additional material  738  may be of a same or similar material to that of the substrate  702 . The material  738  may be attached to the substrate  702  seamlessly by a heating process (e.g., the material  738  and substrate  702  may be a thermoplastic material or other un-set material which can be molded and shaped with the newly deposited material  702 ). 
     Next, in  FIGS. 8A-8D , examples of machining, shaping, and encapsulating with respect to substrate/structure  802  are shown. The substrate  802  may be similar to the substrate  414  shown in  FIG. 4D  and  FIG. 5C . In  FIG. 8A , the assembly  800  includes a substrate  802  that has sections  808  including edges  810  and recessed portions  812  formed between the edges  810 , a protrusion  814 , and walled portions  816  that may act as material-receiving portions. Material  804  has been deposited on the substrate  802  (e.g., in the shape of material  516  from  FIG. 5C ) and the material is shaped or machined into shaped layer  806 . A machining and shaping process may be utilized to remove the portions of material to form the shaped layer  806 . Alternatively, electromagnets may have been utilized to manipulate the alignment/arrangement of the materials during deposition such that the shaped layer  806  was formed without machining or other shaping operations. In  FIG. 8B , a machined assembly  818  (e.g., machined from assembly  800 ) is shown. The assembly  818  includes substrate  802  with the sections  808 , protrusion  814  and walled portions  816 . The shaped layer  806  from assembly  800  has been further machined to remove material above the top surface of the substrate  802 . Further, material has been removed along the top of sections  808  and extending from sections  808  to the top of the protrusion  814 . As a result, four separate material depositions are formed in the structure  802 . Material depositions  820  are formed within the structures  808  and material depositions  822  are formed in the walled portions  816 . 
     In  FIG. 8C , a further developed assembly  824  from the machined assembly  818  is shown. A cover  826  may be placed over the substrate  802 . In such embodiments, the cover  826  may form seams between the sections, protrusions, and material depositions  820  and  822  in the structure  802 . The cover  826  may be adhered to the substrate  802  by adhesives, magnetic coupling, etc. In an alternative embodiment,  FIG. 8D  shows a further developed assembly  828  from assembly  818 . Assembly  828  differs from assembly  824  in that a cover  826  is not positioned over the material depositions, but rather, an additional encapsulating material  832  is deposited over the material-receiving portions  812  and  816  to form a uniform, seamless encapsulation from the bottom of the substrate  802  to the top surface  834  of the encapsulation material  832 . Separations may be formed by encapsulation from the structures previously machined. For example, the protrusion  814 , after seamless encapsulation, forms a separation  836  between material depositions, such as depositions  822 . The additional material  832  may be of a same or similar material to that of the substrate  802 . The material  832  may be attached to the substrate  802  seamlessly by a heating process (e.g., the material  832  and substrate  802  may be a thermoplastic material or other un-set material which can be molded and shaped with the newly deposited material  832 ). 
     Advantageously, a desired shape, design and construction of the structures  602 ,  702 , and  802  may be manufactured as desired and not restricted by the shape of pre-sized or pre-magnetized magnets. In addition, the top material or covers may be additionally shaped before, during, and/or after positioning, deposition, and/or encapsulation. Furthermore, the excess material that is machined from the material layers may be recycled and used in later deposition processes. This also provides the benefit of efficient utilization of materials, such as examples where rare-earth magnetic materials are used. Low amounts may be used and extras that are deposited may be removed and used in later processes. 
       FIGS. 9, 10 and 11  are side views of the previously formed structures in  FIGS. 6D, 7D, and 8D , but additionally showing the step of magnetization. The structures from  FIGS. 6D, 7D, and 8D  are shown as examples, and the magnetization process may be utilized in other structures depicted or potentially formed by the invention disclosed herein. Furthermore, although the magnetization process is shown in  FIGS. 9-11  after material deposition, machining, shaping, and encapsulation, the magnetization may occur prior to any of those steps. For example, magnetization may occur during material deposition and/or prior to or during any of the other steps. In some embodiments, the magnetic material that is deposited is not magnetized. Advantageously, this allows for the shape of the magnet to be customized prior to the formation of the permanent magnet. In configuration  900 , the structure  902  includes the integrated magnet  904 . Poles of a magnetic device (e.g., the north pole  906  and south pole  908 ) are positioned above and below the integrated magnet  904  to conduct the magnetization in a desired alignment, orientation and strength. 
     Similarly, in configuration  1000  of  FIG. 10 , the structure  1002  includes integrated magnets  1004 ,  1006 , and  1008 . A magnetic device is positioned such that a north magnetic pole  1010  is positioned above the structure  1002  while the south magnetic pole  1012  is positioned below the structure  1002 . These poles are aligned such that the magnetic field generated by the magnetic device will magnetize the integrated magnets  1004 ,  1006 , and  1008  to generate a magnetic field of similar strength and direction. 
     Lastly, in configuration  1100  of  FIG. 11 , the structure  1102  includes integrated magnets  1104 ,  1106 , and  1108 . Multiple magnetic devices may be positioned to achieve a particular magnetized direction of the integrated magnets  1104 ,  1106  and  1108 . For example, the north poles  1112 ,  1114 , and  1116  are positioned across from magnets  1104 ,  1106 , and  1108  respectively and the south pole  1110  to magnetize the integrated magnets  1104 ,  1106 , and  1108  with varying directions with respect to each other. For example, magnet  1112  may induce a magnetic field in magnet  1104  along the direction of magnetic field M 1 , magnet  1114  may induce a magnetic field in magnet  1106  along the direction of magnetic field M 2 , and magnet  1116  may induce a magnetic field in magnet  1108  along the direction of magnet field M 3 . In alternative embodiments, multiple north poles and south poles are used for the magnetization, and the positions of the poles may be swapped as opposed to what is depicted. Further, magnets of varying strengths may be used for magnetization, thereby magnetizing magnets to generate magnetic fields of various strengths as desired. 
       FIGS. 12-14  are side views showing an electronic device and an accessory with an integrated magnet. The accessories and devices shown in  FIGS. 12-14  may be utilized in relationship to each other. In some embodiments, the accessory may be a case for the device, a mount for the device, and/or other type of attachment for the device. Alternatively, the accessory may be a manufacturing accessory. For example, the accessory may be a frame for a touch device into which the device is to be assembled. The accessory may also include products such as keyboards, controllers, cable connectors, screens, etc., through which a device may interact and function by magnetic connection, magnetic interface, or other magnetic connection. 
     In  FIG. 12 , an electronic device  1206  (e.g., tablet, phone, etc.) is positioned within an accessory  1200 . The accessory  1200  includes edges  1202  to act as a boundary to the electronic device  1206 . In some embodiments, the accessory  1200  is formed similar to the structures described above. The accessory  1200  includes an integrated magnet  1204  which may be formed and integrated according to the methods and processes described above. Further, the device  1206  also includes an integrated magnet  1208 . The magnet  1204  and magnet  1208  may be magnetized after integration such that the magnets  1204  and  1208  are attractive, thereby forming a magnetic connection between the accessory  1200  and device  1206 , securing the device  1206  in the accessory  1200  magnetically. 
       FIG. 13  is a side view of a similar embodiment to  FIG. 12 .  FIG. 13  includes an accessory  1300  and an electronic device  1306 . However,  FIG. 13  also includes an adapter  1308  (e.g., a universal adapter) which may be utilized to facilitate attachment between the accessory  1300  and the device  1306 . The accessory  1300  includes edges  1302  to act as a boundary to the device  1306 . The accessory  1300  also includes an integrated magnet  1304  such that the accessory  1300  may be formed similar to the structures described above. The adapter  1308  also includes an integrated magnet  1310 . The magnet  1304  and the magnet  1310  may be magnetized such that the magnets are attractive, forming a magnetic connection. The adapter  1308  may be attached to the device  1306  via another attachment mechanism (not shown), such as an adhesive, another magnet, a mounting device, etc. 
       FIG. 14  is a side view of another embodiment of an accessory and an electronic device utilizing integrated magnets. The accessory  1400  includes edges  1402  that act as a boundary to the device  1408 . The accessory  1400  includes an integrated magnet  1404 , such that the accessory  1400  may be formed as a structure as described above. Positioned at the edges  1402  of the accessory may also be an additional set of integrated magnets  1406 . The device  1408  may include an integrated magnet  1410  (formed as those formed with the structure described above). The integrated magnet  1410  may alternatively be positioned exterior to the device  1408 . The magnet  1410  may be magnetized to attract to the integrated magnet  1404  of the accessory  1400  such that a magnetic coupling is formed between the device  1408  and the accessory  1400  when the device  1408  is positioned within the vicinity of the accessory  1400 . The device  1408  may also include magnets  1412  integrated or positioned exterior to the outer portions of the device  1408 . The magnets  1412  may be magnetized to attract to the magnets  1406  in the edges  1402  of the accessory  1400  such that a magnetic coupling is formed between magnets  1412  and magnets  1406  when the device  1408  is in the vicinity of the accessory  1400 . 
       FIGS. 15A-15C  depict an example implementation of the integrated magnets and structures with an accessory and a device in accordance with examples of the invention. In  FIG. 15A , an attachment accessory  1500  and an electronic device  1508  is shown. The attachment accessory  1500  (e.g., a mount) includes a center integrated magnet  1502  and magnets positioned on the outer perimeter of the accessory  1500 , such as magnets  1504  positioned along a horizontal axis with respect to the center magnet  1502 , and magnets  1506  positioned along a vertical axis with respect to the center magnet  1502 . In some embodiments, the magnets vary in strength (e.g., strength of magnetic field/attraction). For example, the center magnet  1502  may be formed and integrated to produce a stronger magnetic field than magnets  1504  and  1506 . The electronic device  1508  also includes a center magnet  1510  and magnets  1512  positioned on the outer perimeter of the device along a vertical axis with respect to the center magnet  1510 . The magnets  1510  may be integrated into the device  1508  or adhered external to the device. In some embodiments, the strength of the magnets  1510  and  1512  vary. For example, the center magnet  1502  may be configured to produce a stronger magnetic field than magnets  1510 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 15B , the device  1508  may be configured to attach to the attachment accessory  1500  in configuration  1514 . The center magnet  1502  may be magnetized to be attractive to center magnet  1510  and the outer magnets  1506  may be magnetized to be attractive to outer magnets  1512 . In some embodiments, the center magnets  1510  and  1502  produce stronger magnetic fields than the outer magnets  1506  and  1512 , thus making the attraction at the center point of the device  1508  and the accessory  1500  stronger than at the outer perimeter. 
     This may facilitate simple rotation of the device  1508  with respect to the accessory  1500  to predetermined positions with respect to the accessory as shown in configuration  1516  of  FIG. 15C . The device  1500  is rotated about 90 degrees in the direction along line A. The magnetic connection between magnets  1510  and  1502  may remain during rotation while the magnetic coupling between magnets  1506  and  1512  are broken in embodiments where the magnetic connection between the center magnets is stronger than that of the outer perimeter magnets. Thus, the device  1508  may be rotated to magnetically couple magnets  1512  to magnets  1504  of the accessory  1500  (thus, magnets  1512  may also be magnetized to attract to magnets  1504 ). Other rotation positions, magnetic positioning, strengths, etc. for the accessory  1500  and the device  1508  will be understood by those of skill in the art from the disclosure herein. 
       FIG. 15D  is a side view of portable electronic device  1508 . The portable electronic device  1508  includes a front (or top) portion  1518  and a back (or rear) portion  1520 . The front portion  1518  includes a front opening  1522  that may be adapted for receiving a display (e.g., a touch display) or other device through which a user of the portable electronic device  1508  may interact. The back portion  1520  may include a rear surface  1524  by which a user of the electronic device  1508  may carry the device  1508 . Sidewalls  1526  may extend away from the back portion  1520  and may be integrally formed with the front portion  1518 , and the sidewalls  1526  may have edges  1528  that define the front opening  1522 . Magnetic elements are embedded in the back portion  1520  of the electronic device  1508 . Magnetizable materials may be deposited into cavities, recesses, material-receiving portions, etc.,  1530 ,  1532 , and  1534  to form magnetic elements, magnetizable elements, layers of magnetizable material, etc.,  1510  and  1512  that may be carried by the cavities  1530 ,  1532 , and  1534 . Thus, the back portion  1520  may act as the structure/substrates described above when forming, depositing, and shaping the magnetic materials into magnetic elements/permanent magnets. As shown in the previous figures, the magnetizable elements carried by the cavities may be magnetized such that they operate as permanent magnets to form magnetic couplings/attachments with accessory devices, covers, attachments, mounts, and/or other external devices. 
       FIGS. 16A and 16B  depict another embodiment of structures configured to receive deposited material according to examples of the invention. In  FIG. 16A , a nozzle  1600  is provided to deposit magnetic material  1602  into an area  1604 . The area  1604  may be a vat, a container, or other type of area to facilitate the deposition of the material  1602 . The area  1604  may include filler  1606 , such as fabric material, fibers, woven material, porous material, etc. The filler material  1606  may be constructed to have portions adapted to receive magnetic material such as the material  1602  being deposited. In some embodiments, the filler  1606  is adapted to be impregnated by the magnetic material  1602 . In  FIG. 16B , the filler material  1612  has been combined with the magnetic material to become magnetic filler material  1612  (e.g., via impregnation, deposition, etc.) and can be magnetized by north pole magnet  1608  and south pole magnet  1610 . 
     The magnetic filler material  1612  may be implemented in various constructions, structures, and embodiments. For example, the magnetic filler material  1612  may be spun into fabric to be used in a wrist band such as the device  1700  shown in  FIG. 17 . The device  1700  is a wearable device with an electronic component  1706  and a band  1702  including woven portions  1704  constructed of magnetic filler material  1612 . The band  1702  may also include an attachment portion  1708  that can be magnetized and configured to attach to portions of the woven portions  1704  via magnetic coupling or to an opposite end of the band  1702  via attachment mechanism  1710  (e.g., a magnet or adhesive). While an electronic component  1706  is shown attached to the device  1700 , such a component is not necessary. For example, the band  1702  may be utilized for securing electronics (e.g., portable devices, laptops, etc.) that are not physically attached to the band  1702 . Additionally, the device  1700  may also include a display screen  1712  and input mechanisms, such as a rotating wheel input  1714  or button  1716  that are positioned at an edge of the device  1700 . The band  1702  may also include a first end portion  1718  that is attached to the device  1700  by coupling portion  1722  in the device, and a second end portion  1720  that is attached to the device  1700  by coupling portion  1724  in the device. Those of skill in the art will recognize other suitable implementations for the magnetic filler material from the disclosure herein. 
       FIGS. 18A-18C  show an example embodiment where a material is deposited on a structure utilizing a mask. The embodiment includes a structure  1800  with a material-receiving portion  1802 . A nozzle  1806  is positioned above the structure  1800  and is adapted to deposit a material  1808  (e.g., a magnetic material) into the material-receiving portion  1802 . The structure  1800  also includes masking portions  1804  partially positioned within the material-receiving portion  1802  and partially outside of the material-receiving portion  1802 . Alternative positioning of the masking portions  1804  may be utilized according to a desired shape or construction. When the material  1808  is deposited, it creates a material layer  1810  formed in the material-receiving portion  1802  but outside of the masking portions  1804 . The masking  1804  may then be removed (either before or after magnetization) of the material layer  1810 . When the masking  1804  is removed, open areas  1812  remain where the masking  1804  was originally positioned, and additional edges  1814  of the material  1810  remain to hang over the open areas  1812 . The open areas  1812  and edges  1814  may be configured for securing an external device to the structure  1800  (e.g., an attachment mechanism). By using a masking portion, various shapes, designs, and constructions of magnetic materials may be integrated in the structures. 
     Although structures with material-receiving portions have been described above, other types of magnetic material stacks and arrangements may be constructed as shown in  FIGS. 19-21 . In  FIG. 19 , a magnetic stack  1900  is shown that has five layers; layer  1902 , layer  1904 , layer  1906 , layer  1918 , and layer  1910 . In the example, layer  1902  is a non-magnetic layer, layer  1904  is a magnetic layer, layer  1906  is a non-magnetic layer with a greater thickness than layer  1902 , layer  1908  is a generally non-magnetic layer with magnetic portions  1912  and  1914 , and layer  1910  is a non-magnetic layer that generally encapsulates portions  1912  and  1914 . Alternative stacks and layer sizes may be utilized. 
       FIG. 20  shows a magnetic stack arrangement  2000 . The arrangement includes five layers. The arrangement  2000  may be coupled to an electric source  2012  in the event the embodiment includes an electromagnet. Each of the layers  2002 ,  2004 ,  2006 ,  2008 , and  2010  are magnetic layers with varying magnetic strengths. The darker of shading represents a stronger magnetic field generated by the layer. 
     The layers shown in stacks  1900  and  2000  may be formed of materials constructed for inter-layer adhesion. For example, a magnetic material may be bounded with another material to facilitate adhesion, such as nickel, iron, etc. Thus, layers that include rare or expensive magnetic materials may be combined with other materials such that the layers become ductile with respect to each other, permitting adhesion and vertical construction of magnetic stacks. In some examples, each of the layers in stacks  1900  and  2000  are mono-layers or of near mono-layer thickness, permitting a high degree of customization in the structure and materials used for constructing the stacks  1900  and  2000 . 
     Another example of a magnetic material formation is shown in the arrangement  2100  of  FIG. 21 . Arrangement  2100  includes an outer structure or portion  2102  that is surrounded by an inner structure or portion  2104 . The outer portion  2102  may be formed over the inner portion  2104  by the deposition methods and processes described above. In some embodiments, the inner portion  2104  is formed mainly of a magnetic material while the outer portion  2102  is formed mainly of non-magnetic material or less magnetic material than that of the inner portion  2104 . Such material formations may be constructed at the particle size level by coating the inner materials with the outer materials, allowing the formation of materials to be manipulated as larger structures. For example, a plurality of material arrangements  2100  formed at the particle size level may be collected for deposition. The inner portions  2104  may be constructed of a highly magnetic or generally magnetic material that are coated with materials forming the outer portions used for adhesion (e.g., inner portions of neodymium and outer portions of nickel). Thus, after deposition, materials layers formed of such materials may be ductile, allowing for ease of adhesion. 
       FIGS. 22A and 22B  show other examples of a magnetic material constructed according to examples of the invention. The magnetic structure  2200  of  FIG. 22A  varies in size, with a smaller radius at one end  2202  and a larger radius at the other end  2204 , and having the radius gradually increase in size when progressing from one end  2202  to the other end  2204 . In addition, the shading of magnet  2200  represents an increase of magnetic strength/field generated by the magnet  2200  from one end to the other. At the one end  2202 , the magnetic field B is low and close to 0. At the other end  2204 , the magnetic field B is high and close to the value of x, which may be a predetermined maximum value of magnetic strength to be achieved by the magnet  2200 . In addition to varying size and strength, the magnet  2200  has also been magnetized in various orientations, creating magnetic fields of different directions throughout the magnet  2200 . For example, the magnet  2200  has been magnetized at the center to generate a magnetic field of strength and direction B 2  in the vertical direction. The magnet  2200  has also been magnetized at the other end  2204  to have a strength and direction of B 3  in the horizontal direction. The magnet  2200  has also been magnetized near the end  2202  to be magnetized in the strength and direction B 1  about 45 degrees from B 2  and B 3 . The magnet  2200  is shown to have a first, second, and third magnetic orientation, although more or less orientations may be implemented. Although the magnet  2200  is shown to have a gradual or tapered distribution of size, strength, etc., the magnet  2200  may be an assembly of discrete portions or partitions, with each portion or partition having its own properties of size, strength, direction, etc. (e.g., additive layers such as those in  FIGS. 19 and 20 ). 
     In  FIG. 22B , the magnetic structure  2206  varies in size, with a smaller radius at one end  2208  and a larger radius at an other end  2210 , having the radius gradually increase in size when progressing from the one end  2208  to the other end  2210 . The magnetic structure  2206 , however, has been formed and magnetized in a particular fashion such that the structure  2206  emulates the behavior of a permanent magnet that has a constant size and a produces a magnetic field of uniform strength and direction. The structure  2206  includes the one end  2208  of smallest radius and the other end  2210  of largest radius. However, a detector  2212  located at position A detects a magnetic field of a strength and direction equal to that detected by detector  2214  located at position B, even though the magnetic structure  2206  is not uniform in size or construction. Further, the detector  2216  at position C may also detect values equal or about equal to that of detector  2212  at position A and detector  2214  at position B. The magnetic structure  2206  may be formed of a gradient of materials such that a stronger or more concentrated material is utilized at end  2208  while a weaker or less concentrated magnetic material is used at end  2210 . Then, after geometric formation (or during, as magnetization may occur at any step in the process as is disclosed herein and described above), the magnetic structure  2206  is magnetized in varying directions and strengths to achieve the effect described with respect to detectors  2212 ,  2214 , and  2216 . Advantageously, the magnetic structure  2206  can fit in non-uniform or non-symmetric areas or structures that may require generation of a uniform magnetic field. Further, the magnetic structure  2206  may be fully encapsulated in a material that is machined to be a uniform and/or symmetric shape, such that the actual properties of the magnet (size, shape, structure, material, distribution, etc.) remain visibly hidden. Alternative and combinations of magnetic field strengths, orientations, directions, and magnet size may be constructed in accordance with embodiments of the invention. 
       FIG. 23  is a flowchart  2300  of steps in a method for deposition and integration of magnetizable materials. At step  2302 , a structure (e.g., geometric structure) is formed or machined for material deposition. For example, a structure may be shaped or machined to include a material-receiving portion. At step  2304 , magnetizable material is deposited on or within the machined structure formed at step  2302 . The magnetizable material may be deposited in the material-receiving portion. The material may be deposited prior to the material being magnetized. The material may be deposited by spray techniques (cold or thermal), growing techniques, and/or other suitable techniques that will be understood to those of skill in the art from the description herein. 
     At step  2306 , the deposited material may be shaped. The material may be shaped during deposition by utilization of an electromagnet to align the magnetizable material being deposited in a desired alignment. The magnetizable material may be shaped after deposition through a machining process as well. At step  2308 , the deposited material is encapsulated in the structure. The material may be encapsulated or surrounded by adding additional non-magnetic, magnetic material, material similar to that of which the structure is constructed, or other suitable materials, to the structure. 
     At step  2310 , the machining of the structure is finished. As stated above, an additional material may be positioned to encapsulate the material thereby integrating it. An optional and additional machining step may be performed for additional shaping as desired. At step  2312 , the encapsulated or integrated magnetizable material is magnetized. As described, the magnetizable material is magnetized after the finalized shape is formed. However, the material may be magnetized at any point in the process. The material may be magnetized by positioning north and south poles at relative positions to the material to construct the desired strength and direction of the magnetic field generated by the material. 
       FIG. 24  is a block diagram of a computing device  2400  that can use the structures with the magnetic materials and can be used to form the deposited and integrated magnetic materials of the disclosed embodiments. It will be appreciated that the components, devices or elements illustrated in and described with respect to  FIG. 24  may not be mandatory and thus some may be omitted in certain embodiments. The computing device  2400  can include a processor  2402  that represents a microprocessor, a coprocessor, circuitry and/or a controller for controlling the overall operation of the computing device  2400 . Although illustrated as a single processor, it can be appreciated that the processor  2402  can include a plurality of processors. The plurality of processors can be in operative communication with each other and can be collectively configured to perform one or more functionalities of the computing device  2400  as described herein. In some embodiments, the processor  2402  can be configured to execute instructions that can be stored at the computing device  2400  and/or that can be otherwise accessible to the processor  2402 . As such, whether configured by hardware or by a combination of hardware and software, the processor  2402  can be capable of performing operations and actions in accordance with embodiments described herein. 
     The computing device  2400  can also include a user input device  2408  that allows a user of the computing device  2400  to interact with the computing device  2400 . For example, the user input device  2404  can take a variety of forms, such as a button, keypad, dial, touch screen, audio input interface, visual/image capture input interface, input in the form of sensor data, etc. Still further, the computing device  2400  can include a display  2406  (screen display) that can be controlled by the processor  2402  to display information to a user. A controller  2408  can be used to interface with and control different equipment through an equipment control bus  2410 . The computing device  2400  can also include a network/bus interface  2412  that couples to a data link  2414 . The data link  2414  can allow the computing device  2400  to couple to a host computer or to accessory devices. The data link  2414  can be provided over a wired connection or a wireless connection. In the case of a wireless connection, network/bus interface  2412  can include a wireless transceiver. The computing device  2400  may also include an electronic device  2416  that includes a deposited and integrated magnetic material coupled to the processor  2402 . 
     The computing device  2400  can also include a storage device  2418 , and a storage management module that manages one or more partitions (also referred to herein as “logical volumes”) within the storage device  2418 . In some embodiments, the storage device  2418  can include flash memory, semiconductor (solid state) memory or the like. Still further, the computing device  2400  can include Read-Only Memory (ROM)  2420  and Random Access Memory (RAM)  2422 . The ROM  2420  can store programs, code, instructions, utilities or processes to be executed in a non-volatile manner. The RAM  2422  can provide volatile data storage, and store instructions related to components of the storage management module that are configured to carry out the various techniques described herein. The computing device  2400  can further include data bus  2424 . The data bus  2424  can facilitate data and signal transfer between at least the processor  2402 , the controller  2408 , the network/bus interface  2412 , the storage device  2418 , the ROM  2420 , and the RAM  2422 . The various aspects, embodiments, implementations or features of the described embodiments can be used separately or in any combination. 
     The various aspects, embodiments, implementations or features of the described embodiments can be used separately or in any combination. Various aspects of the described embodiments can be implemented by software, hardware or a combination of hardware and software. The described embodiments can also be embodied as computer readable code on a computer readable medium for controlling manufacturing operations or as computer readable code on a computer readable medium for controlling a manufacturing line. The computer readable medium is any data storage device that can store data, which can thereafter be read by a computer system. Examples of the computer readable medium include read-only memory, random-access memory, CD-ROMs, HDDs, DVDs, magnetic tape, and optical data storage devices. The computer readable medium can also be distributed over network-coupled computer systems so that the computer readable code is stored and executed in a distributed fashion. 
     The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, used specific nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the specific details are not required in order to practice the described embodiments. Thus, the foregoing descriptions of specific embodiments are presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the described embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20180207
Publication Date: 20201208
Grant Date: 20201208
Priority Date: 20170303
Inventors: HERMAN, David S.
LANCASTER-LAROCQUE, SIMON REGIS LOUIS
BHARADWAJ, SHRAVAN
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H01F41/16", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01F41/0273", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01F7/0221", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/182", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1656", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "C23C24/087", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "C23C24/08", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "C23C4/06", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "C23C4/04", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "C23C4/02", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1626", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "C23C4/18", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "C23C4/12", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/163", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01F41/00", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "C23C4/08", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1626", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K5/0217", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01F13/003", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01F7/02", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01F41/00", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01F13/003", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01F7/02", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1626", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "C23C4/08", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K5/0217", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 73653907