PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-11487404-B2
Application Number: US-202017107321-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Device, method, and graphical user interface for navigation of concurrently open software applications

Abstract:
An electronic device includes a touch-sensitive display and one or more programs stored in memory for execution by one or more processors. The one or more programs include instructions for displaying a first application view that corresponds to a first application in a plurality of concurrently open applications. The one or more programs include instructions for detecting a first input, and in response, concurrently displaying a group of open application icons that correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications with at least a portion of the first application view. The open application icons are displayed in accordance with a predetermined sequence of the open applications. The one or more programs include instructions for detecting a first gesture distinct from the first input, and in response, displaying a second application view that corresponds to a second application adjacent to the first application in the predetermined sequence.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An electronic device, comprising:
 a touch-sensitive display; 
 one or more processors; and 
 memory storing one or more programs configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for:
 displaying an application view of a first application on the touch-sensitive display; 
 while displaying the application view of the first application on the touch-sensitive display, detecting a first touch gesture that includes movement of a first contact on the touch-sensitive display in a first direction; 
 in response to detecting the first touch gesture, entering an application view selection mode that includes concurrently displaying, on the touch-sensitive display:
 a first portion of the application view of the first application; and 
 representations of a plurality of applications including a representation of a second application that is different from the first application and a representation of a third application that is different from the second application and the first application; 
 
 while the electronic device is in the application view selection mode, detecting a second touch gesture that includes movement of a second contact on the touch-sensitive display; and 
 in response to detecting the second touch gesture, scrolling the representations of the plurality of applications. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein scrolling the representations of the plurality of applications includes displaying a representation of a fourth application. 
     
     
       3. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the first touch gesture is a multi-touch gesture that includes movement of a third contact on the touch-sensitive display. 
     
     
       4. The electronic device of  claim 3 , wherein the multi-touch gesture includes three or more touches. 
     
     
       5. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the representations of the plurality of applications correspond to concurrently open applications. 
     
     
       6. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the representations of the plurality of applications are displayed in a predetermined sequence. 
     
     
       7. The electronic device of  claim 6 , wherein the predetermined sequence is based on a recency of use of the plurality of applications. 
     
     
       8. The electronic device of  claim 6 , wherein the predetermined sequence of the displayed representations of the plurality of applications corresponds to a predetermined sequence of open applications. 
     
     
       9. The electronic device of  claim 1 , the one or more programs further including instructions for:
 detecting a third touch gesture corresponding to the representation of the second application; and 
 in response to detecting the third touch gesture:
 displaying an application view of the second application. 
 
 
     
     
       10. The electronic device of  claim 9 , wherein displaying the application view of the second application includes ceasing display of the first portion of the application view of the first application. 
     
     
       11. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein entering the application view selection mode includes shifting the application view of the first application in a second direction and ceasing display of a second portion of the application view of the first application. 
     
     
       12. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the movement of the second contact is in a third direction, different from the first direction. 
     
     
       13. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the second touch gesture includes a left-swipe gesture. 
     
     
       14. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein displaying the application view of the first application on the touch-sensitive display includes displaying the application view of the first application without displaying a representation of an application other than the first application on the touch-sensitive display. 
     
     
       15. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein, when the first touch gesture starts, the application view of the first application is displayed on the touch-sensitive display without displaying a representation of an application other than the first application. 
     
     
       16. A method, comprising:
 at an electronic device with a touch-sensitive display:
 displaying an application view of a first application on the touch-sensitive display; 
 while displaying the application view of the first application on the touch-sensitive display, detecting a first touch gesture that includes movement of a first contact on the touch-sensitive display in a first direction; 
 in response to detecting the first touch gesture, entering an application view selection mode that includes concurrently displaying, on the touch-sensitive display:
 a first portion of the application view of the first application; and 
 representations of a plurality of applications including a representation of a second application that is different from the first application and a representation of a third application that is different from the second application and the first application; 
 
 while the electronic device is in the application view selection mode, detecting a second touch gesture that includes movement of a second contact on the touch-sensitive display; and 
 in response to detecting the second touch gesture, scrolling the representations of the plurality of applications. 
 
 
     
     
       17. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of an electronic device with a touch-sensitive display, the one or more programs including instructions for:
 displaying an application view of a first application on the touch-sensitive display; 
 while displaying the application view of the first application on the touch-sensitive display, detecting a first touch gesture that includes movement of a first contact on the touch-sensitive display in a first direction; 
 in response to detecting the first touch gesture, entering an application view selection mode that includes concurrently displaying, on the touch-sensitive display:
 a first portion of the application view of the first application; and 
 representations of a plurality of applications including a representation of a second application that is different from the first application and a representation of a third application that is different from the second application and the first application; 
 
 while the electronic device is in the application view selection mode, detecting a second touch gesture that includes movement of a second contact on the touch-sensitive display; and 
 in response to detecting the second touch gesture, scrolling the representations of the plurality of applications. 
 
     
     
       18. The method of  claim 16 , wherein scrolling the representations of the plurality of applications includes displaying a representation of a fourth application. 
     
     
       19. The method of  claim 16 , wherein the first touch gesture is a multi-touch gesture that includes movement of a third contact on the touch-sensitive display. 
     
     
       20. The method of  claim 19 , wherein the multi-touch gesture includes three or more touches. 
     
     
       21. The method of  claim 16 , wherein the representations of the plurality of applications correspond to concurrently open applications. 
     
     
       22. The method of  claim 16 , wherein the representations of the plurality of applications are displayed in a predetermined sequence. 
     
     
       23. The method of  claim 22 , wherein the predetermined sequence is based on a recency of use of the plurality of applications. 
     
     
       24. The method of  claim 22 , wherein the predetermined sequence of the displayed representations of the plurality of applications corresponds to a predetermined sequence of open applications. 
     
     
       25. The method of  claim 16 , the method further comprising:
 detecting a third touch gesture corresponding to the representation of the second application; and 
 in response to detecting the third touch gesture:
 displaying an application view of the second application. 
 
 
     
     
       26. The method of  claim 25 , wherein displaying the application view of the second application includes ceasing display of the first portion of the application view of the first application. 
     
     
       27. The method of  claim 16 , wherein entering the application view selection mode includes shifting the application view of the first application in a second direction and ceasing display of a second portion of the application view of the first application. 
     
     
       28. The method of  claim 16 , wherein the movement of the second contact is in a third direction, different from the first direction. 
     
     
       29. The method of  claim 16 , wherein the second touch gesture includes a left-swipe gesture. 
     
     
       30. The method of  claim 16 , wherein displaying the application view of the first application on the touch-sensitive display includes displaying the application view of the first application without displaying a representation of an application other than the first application on the touch-sensitive display. 
     
     
       31. The method of  claim 16 , wherein, when the first touch gesture starts, the application view of the first application is displayed on the touch-sensitive display without displaying a representation of an application other than the first application. 
     
     
       32. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 17 , wherein scrolling the representations of the plurality of applications includes displaying a representation of a fourth application. 
     
     
       33. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 17 , wherein the first touch gesture is a multi-touch gesture that includes movement of a third contact on the touch-sensitive display. 
     
     
       34. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 33 , wherein the multi-touch gesture includes three or more touches. 
     
     
       35. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 17 , wherein the representations of the plurality of applications correspond to concurrently open applications. 
     
     
       36. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 17 , wherein the representations of the plurality of applications are displayed in a predetermined sequence. 
     
     
       37. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 36 , wherein the predetermined sequence is based on a recency of use of the plurality of applications. 
     
     
       38. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 36 , wherein the predetermined sequence of the displayed representations of the plurality of applications corresponds to a predetermined sequence of open applications. 
     
     
       39. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 17 , the one or more programs further including instructions for:
 detecting a third touch gesture corresponding to the representation of the second application; and 
 in response to detecting the third touch gesture:
 displaying an application view of the second application. 
 
 
     
     
       40. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 39 , wherein displaying the application view of the second application includes ceasing display of the first portion of the application view of the first application. 
     
     
       41. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 17 , wherein entering the application view selection mode includes shifting the application view of the first application in a second direction and ceasing display of a second portion of the application view of the first application. 
     
     
       42. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 17 , wherein the movement of the second contact is in a third direction, different from the first direction. 
     
     
       43. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 17 , wherein the second touch gesture includes a left-swipe gesture. 
     
     
       44. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 17 , wherein displaying the application view of the first application on the touch-sensitive display includes displaying the application view of the first application without displaying a representation of an application other than the first application on the touch-sensitive display. 
     
     
       45. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 17 , wherein, when the first touch gesture starts, the application view of the first application is displayed on the touch-sensitive display without displaying a representation of an application other than the first application.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/378,990, “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Navigation of Concurrently Open Software Applications,” filed Apr. 9, 2019, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,852,914, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/990,076, “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Navigation of Concurrently Open Software Applications,” filed May 25, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,261,668, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/004,189, “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Navigation of Concurrently Open Software Applications,” filed Jan. 22, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,007,400, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/077,524, “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Navigation of Concurrently Open Software Applications,” filed Mar. 31, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,244,606, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/425,207, filed Dec. 20, 2010, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Navigation of Concurrently Open Software Applications,” which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
    
    
     This application is related to the following applications: (1) U.S. application Ser. No. 12/888,381, filed Sep. 22, 2010, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Managing Concurrently Open Software Applications,”; (2) U.S. application Ser. No. 12/888,382, filed Sep. 22, 2010, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Managing Concurrently Open Software Applications,”; (3) U.S. application Ser. No. 12/888,384, filed Sep. 22, 2010, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Managing Concurrently Open Software Applications,”; (4) U.S. application Ser. No. 12/888,386, filed Sep. 22, 2010, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Managing Concurrently Open Software Applications,”; (5) U.S. application Ser. No. 12/888,389, filed Sep. 22, 2010, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Managing Concurrently Open Software Applications,”; and (6) U.S. application Ser. No. 12/888,391, filed Sep. 22, 2010, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Managing Concurrently Open Software Applications,”. All of these applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This relates generally to electronic devices with touch-sensitive displays, including but not limited to portable electronic devices with touch-sensitive displays that are configured to have multiple open software applications. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The use of touch-sensitive surfaces as input devices for computers and other electronic computing devices has increased significantly in recent years. Exemplary touch-sensitive surfaces include touch pads and touch screen displays. Such surfaces are widely used to select, launch, and manage software applications. 
     For electronic devices with touch-sensitive displays, existing methods for navigating through concurrently open applications are cumbersome and inefficient. For example, portable devices with small screens (e.g., smart phones and tablets) typically display a single application at a time, even though multiple applications may be running on the device. With such devices, a user may have difficulty navigating through the currently open applications. This situation creates a significant cognitive burden on a user. In addition, existing methods for navigating through currently open applications take longer than necessary, thereby wasting energy. This latter consideration is particularly important in battery-operated devices. 
     SUMMARY 
     Accordingly, there is a need for computing devices with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for navigating through concurrently open applications. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for navigating through concurrently open applications. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated computing devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges. 
     The above deficiencies and other problems associated with user interfaces for electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces are reduced or eliminated by the disclosed devices. In some embodiments, the device is a desktop computer. In some embodiments, the device is portable (e.g., a notebook computer, tablet computer, or handheld device). In some embodiments, the device has a touchpad. In some embodiments, the device has a touch-sensitive display (also known as a “touch screen” or “touch screen display”). In some embodiments, the device has a graphical user interface (GUI), one or more processors, memory and one or more modules, programs or sets of instructions stored in the memory for performing multiple functions. In some embodiments, the user interacts with the GUI primarily through finger contacts and gestures on the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the functions may include image editing, drawing, presenting, word processing, website creating, disk authoring, spreadsheet making, game playing, telephoning, video conferencing, e-mailing, instant messaging, workout support, digital photographing, digital videoing, web browsing, digital music playing, and/or digital video playing. Executable instructions for performing these functions may be included in a non-transitory computer readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a multifunction device includes a touch-sensitive display, one or more processors, memory, and one or more programs. The one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors. The one or more programs include instructions for displaying a first application view on the touch-sensitive display that corresponds to a first application in a plurality of concurrently open applications. The first application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The one or more programs also include instructions for, while displaying the first application view, detecting a first predefined input. The one or more programs include instructions for, in response to detecting the first predefined input, entering an application view selection mode for selecting one of the concurrently open applications for display of a corresponding application view, displaying in a first predefined area of the touch-sensitive display a group of open application icons that correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications, and concurrently displaying at least a portion of the first application view with the first predefined area. The open application icons in the group are displayed in accordance with a predetermined sequence of the open applications. The one or more programs include instructions for, while displaying the first application view without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications, detecting a first gesture of a first gesture type on the touch-sensitive display. The first gesture is distinct from the first predefined input. The one or more programs include instructions for, in response to detecting the first gesture of the first gesture type, displaying a second application view on the touch-sensitive display that corresponds to a second application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The second application is adjacent to the first application in the predetermined sequence. The second application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display. The method includes displaying a first application view on the touch-sensitive display that corresponds to a first application in a plurality of concurrently open applications. The first application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The method also includes, while displaying the first application view, detecting a first predefined input. The method includes, in response to detecting the first predefined input, entering an application view selection mode for selecting one of the concurrently open applications for display of a corresponding application view, displaying in a first predefined area of the touch-sensitive display a group of open application icons that correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications, and concurrently displaying at least a portion of the first application view with the first predefined area. The open application icons in the group are displayed in accordance with a predetermined sequence of the open applications. The method includes, while displaying the first application view without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications, detecting a first gesture of a first gesture type on the touch-sensitive display. The first gesture is distinct from the first predefined input. The method includes, in response to detecting the first gesture of the first gesture type, displaying a second application view on the touch-sensitive display that corresponds to a second application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The second application is adjacent to the first application in the predetermined sequence. The second application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computer readable storage medium has stored therein one or more programs. The one or more programs include instructions which when executed by a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display, cause the device to display a first application view on the touch-sensitive display that corresponds to a first application in a plurality of concurrently open applications. The first application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The instructions also cause the device to, while displaying the first application view, detect a first predefined input. The instructions cause the device to, in response to detecting the first predefined input, enter an application view selection mode for selecting one of the concurrently open applications for display of a corresponding application view, display in a first predefined area of the touch-sensitive display a group of open application icons that correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications, and concurrently display at least a portion of the first application view with the first predefined area. The open application icons in the group are displayed in accordance with a predetermined sequence of the open applications. The instructions cause the device to, while displaying the first application view without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications, detect a first gesture of a first gesture type on the touch-sensitive display. The first gesture is distinct from the first predefined input. The instructions cause the device to, in response to detecting the first gesture of the first gesture type, display a second application view on the touch-sensitive display that corresponds to a second application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The second application is adjacent to the first application in the predetermined sequence. The second application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface on a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display, a memory, and one or more processors to execute one or more programs stored in the memory includes a first application view that corresponds to a first application in a plurality of concurrently open applications. The first application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. While displaying the first application view, a first predefined input is detected. In response to detecting the first predefined input, an application view selection mode for selecting one of the concurrently open applications for display of a corresponding application view is entered, a group of open application icons that correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications is displayed in a first predefined area of the touch-sensitive display, and at least a portion of the first application view is concurrently displayed with the first predefined area. The open application icons in the group are displayed in accordance with a predetermined sequence of the open applications. While displaying the first application view without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications, a first gesture of a first gesture type is detected on the touch-sensitive display. The first gesture is distinct from the first predefined input. In response to detecting the first gesture of the first gesture type, a second application view is displayed on the touch-sensitive display that corresponds to a second application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The second application is adjacent to the first application in the predetermined sequence. The second application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a multifunction device includes a touch-sensitive display and means for displaying a first application view on the touch-sensitive display that corresponds to a first application in a plurality of concurrently open applications. The first application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The multifunction device also includes means, enabled while displaying the first application view, for detecting a first predefined input; and means, enabled in response to detecting the first predefined input, including: means for entering an application view selection mode for selecting one of the concurrently open applications for display of a corresponding application view, means for displaying in a first predefined area of the touch-sensitive display a group of open application icons that correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications, and means for concurrently displaying at least a portion of the first application view with the first predefined area. The open application icons in the group are displayed in accordance with a predetermined sequence of the open applications. The multifunction device includes means, enabled while displaying the first application view without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications, for detecting a first gesture of a first gesture type on the touch-sensitive display. The first gesture is distinct from the first predefined input. The multifunction device includes means, enabled in response to detecting the first gesture of the first gesture type, for displaying a second application view on the touch-sensitive display that corresponds to a second application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The second application is adjacent to the first application in the predetermined sequence. The second application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an information processing apparatus for use in a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display includes means for means for displaying a first application view on the touch-sensitive display that corresponds to a first application in a plurality of concurrently open applications. The first application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The information processing apparatus includes means, enabled while displaying the first application view, for detecting a first predefined input; and means, enabled in response to detecting the first predefined input, including: means for entering an application view selection mode for selecting one of the concurrently open applications for display of a corresponding application view, means for displaying in a first predefined area of the touch-sensitive display a group of open application icons that correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications, and means for concurrently displaying at least a portion of the first application view with the first predefined area. The open application icons in the group are displayed in accordance with a predetermined sequence of the open applications. The information processing apparatus includes means, enabled while displaying the first application view without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications, for detecting a first gesture of a first gesture type on the touch-sensitive display. The first gesture is distinct from the first predefined input. The information processing apparatus includes means, enabled in response to on the touch-sensitive display that corresponds to a second application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The second application is adjacent to the first application in the predetermined sequence. The second application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a touch-sensitive display unit configured to display a first application view that corresponds to a first application in a plurality of concurrently open applications executable by a processing unit. The first application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The electronic device also includes a processing unit coupled to the touch-sensitive display unit. The processing unit is configured to: while the touch-sensitive display unit displays the first application view, detect a first predefined input; in response to detecting the first predefined input: enter an application view selection mode for selecting one of the concurrently open applications for display of a corresponding application view with the touch-sensitive display unit; enable display in a first predefined area of the touch-sensitive display unit of a group of open application icons that correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications, the open application icons in the group being displayed in accordance with a predetermined sequence of the open applications; and enable concurrent display of at least a portion of the first application view with the first predefined area with the touch-sensitive display unit; while the touch-sensitive display unit displays the first application view without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications, detect a first gesture of a first gesture type on the touch-sensitive display unit, the first gesture being distinct from the first predefined input; and, in response to detecting the first gesture of the first gesture type, enable display of a second application view on the touch-sensitive display unit that corresponds to a second application in the plurality of concurrently open applications, the second application being adjacent to the first application in the predetermined sequence, wherein the second application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. 
     Thus, multifunction devices with touch-sensitive displays are provided with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for navigating through concurrently open software applications, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for navigating through concurrently open software applications. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a better understanding of the aforementioned embodiments of the invention as well as additional embodiments thereof, reference should be made to the Description of Embodiments below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures. 
         FIG. 1A  is a block diagram illustrating a portable multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 1B  is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a portable multifunction device having a touch screen in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 4A  illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu of applications on a portable multifunction device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 4B  illustrates an exemplary user interface for a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 5A-5X  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for navigating through concurrently open applications in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 6  illustrates an exemplary function representing a damped vibration motion in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 7A-7D  are flow diagrams illustrating a method of navigating through concurrently open applications in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 8  is a functional block diagram of an electronic device in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     Electronic devices with small screens (e.g., smart phones and tablets) typically display a single application at a time, even though multiple applications may be running on the device. With such devices, a user may have difficulty navigating through the currently open applications. The embodiments described below address this navigation problem by providing both a modeless transition between applications and a separate mode for navigating between open applications. For the modeless transition, in response to a particular gesture on a touch-sensitive display (e.g., a multi-finger swipe gesture), the displayed application changes to an adjacent application in a current sequence of open applications. This modeless transition is very quick and simple for transitioning between adjacent applications in the current sequence, but by itself the modeless transition does not provide an indication to the user of the current sequence of open applications. If this modeless transition was the only way to change applications, a user could become confused about what application would appear next in response to each successive detection of the particular gesture. To avoid this confusion, a separate mode for navigating between open applications is also provided. The separate mode shows open application icons that represent at least a portion of the current sequence of open applications. The sequence of open applications updates as the user interacts with the device, and the sequence of open application icons that are shown in the separate navigation mode update accordingly. In addition, the separate mode makes it easier to navigate between two open applications that are not near each other in the current sequence of open applications. Providing two complementary ways to select open applications, one via a separate navigation mode and the other modeless, makes navigation of concurrently open applications faster and more efficient than either way by itself. 
     Below,  FIGS. 1A-1B, 2, 3, and 8  provide a description of exemplary devices.  FIGS. 4A-4B and 5A-5X  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for navigating through concurrently open applications.  FIG. 6  is a plot of a mathematical function used to describe an exemplary movement of an application view.  FIGS. 7A-7D  are flow diagrams illustrating a method of navigating through concurrently open applications. The user interfaces in  FIGS. 5A-5X  are used to illustrate the processes in  FIGS. 7A-7D . 
     Exemplary Devices 
     Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments. 
     It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first contact could be termed a second contact, and, similarly, a second contact could be termed a first contact, without departing from the scope of the present invention. The first contact and the second contact are both contacts, but they are not the same contact. 
     The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in the description of the invention and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     As used herein, the term “if” may be construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” may be construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event],” depending on the context. 
     Embodiments of electronic devices, user interfaces for such devices, and associated processes for using such devices are described. In some embodiments, the device is a portable communications device, such as a mobile telephone, that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/or music player functions. Exemplary embodiments of portable multifunction devices include, without limitation, the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. Other portable electronic devices, such as laptops or tablet computers with touch-sensitive surfaces (e.g., touch screen displays and/or touch pads), may also be used. It should also be understood that, in some embodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but is a desktop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch screen display and/or a touch pad). 
     In the discussion that follows, an electronic device that includes a display and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should be understood, however, that the electronic device may include one or more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physical keyboard, a mouse and/or a joystick. 
     The device typically supports a variety of applications, such as one or more of the following: a drawing application, a presentation application, a word processing application, a website creation application, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheet application, a gaming application, a telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, a workout support application, a photo management application, a digital camera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing application, a digital music player application, and/or a digital video player application. 
     The various applications that may be executed on the device may use at least one common physical user-interface device, such as the touch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitive surface as well as corresponding information displayed on the device may be adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physical architecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the device may support the variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and transparent to the user. 
     Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable devices with touch-sensitive displays.  FIG. 1A  is a block diagram illustrating portable multifunction device  100  with touch-sensitive displays  112  in accordance with some embodiments. Touch-sensitive display  112  is sometimes called a “touch screen” for convenience, and may also be known as or called a touch-sensitive display system. Device  100  may include memory  102  (which may include one or more computer readable storage mediums), memory controller  122 , one or more processing units (CPU&#39;s)  120 , peripherals interface  118 , RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , input/output (I/O) subsystem  106 , other input or control devices  116 , and external port  124 . Device  100  may include one or more optical sensors  164 . These components may communicate over one or more communication buses or signal lines  103 . 
     It should be appreciated that device  100  is only one example of a portable multifunction device, and that device  100  may have more or fewer components than shown, may combine two or more components, or may have a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown in  FIG. 1A  may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both hardware and software, including one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits. 
     Memory  102  may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Access to memory  102  by other components of device  100 , such as CPU  120  and the peripherals interface  118 , may be controlled by memory controller  122 . 
     Peripherals interface  118  can be used to couple input and output peripherals of the device to CPU  120  and memory  102 . The one or more processors  120  run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in memory  102  to perform various functions for device  100  and to process data. 
     In some embodiments, peripherals interface  118 , CPU  120 , and memory controller  122  may be implemented on a single chip, such as chip  104 . In some other embodiments, they may be implemented on separate chips. 
     RF (radio frequency) circuitry  108  receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  108  converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  108  may include well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RF circuitry  108  may communicate with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The wireless communication may use any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document. 
     Audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , and microphone  113  provide an audio interface between a user and device  100 . Audio circuitry  110  receives audio data from peripherals interface  118 , converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to speaker  111 . Speaker  111  converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves. Audio circuitry  110  also receives electrical signals converted by microphone  113  from sound waves. Audio circuitry  110  converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to peripherals interface  118  for processing. Audio data may be retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory  102  and/or RF circuitry  108  by peripherals interface  118 . In some embodiments, audio circuitry  110  also includes a headset jack (e.g.,  212 ,  FIG. 2 ). The headset jack provides an interface between audio circuitry  110  and removable audio input/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headset with both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input (e.g., a microphone). 
     I/O subsystem  106  couples input/output peripherals on device  100 , such as touch screen  112  and other input control devices  116 , to peripherals interface  118 . I/O subsystem  106  may include display controller  156  and one or more input controllers  160  for other input or control devices. The one or more input controllers  160  receive/send electrical signals from/to other input or control devices  116 . The other input control devices  116  may include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s)  160  may be coupled to any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, infrared port, USB port, and a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g.,  208 ,  FIG. 2 ) may include an up/down button for volume control of speaker  111  and/or microphone  113 . The one or more buttons may include a push button (e.g.,  206 ,  FIG. 2 ). 
     Touch-sensitive display  112  provides an input interface and an output interface between the device and a user. Display controller  156  receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to touch screen  112 . Touch screen  112  displays visual output to the user. The visual output may include graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all of the visual output may correspond to user-interface objects. 
     Touch screen  112  has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor or set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact. Touch screen  112  and display controller  156  (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory  102 ) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on touch screen  112  and converts the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages or images) that are displayed on touch screen  112 . In an exemplary embodiment, a point of contact between touch screen  112  and the user corresponds to a finger of the user. 
     Touch screen  112  may use LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED (light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologies may be used in other embodiments. Touch screen  112  and display controller  156  may detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of a plurality of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with touch screen  112 . In an exemplary embodiment, projected mutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. 
     Touch screen  112  may have a video resolution in excess of 100 dpi. In some embodiments, the touch screen has a video resolution of approximately 160 dpi. The user may make contact with touch screen  112  using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to work primarily with finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired by the user. 
     In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, device  100  may include a touchpad (not shown) for activating or deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output. The touchpad may be a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from touch screen  112  or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen. 
     Device  100  also includes power system  162  for powering the various components. Power system  162  may include a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices. 
     Device  100  may also include one or more optical sensors  164 .  FIG. 1A  shows an optical sensor coupled to optical sensor controller  158  in I/O subsystem  106 . Optical sensor  164  may include charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistors. Optical sensor  164  receives light from the environment, projected through one or more lens, and converts the light to data representing an image. In conjunction with imaging module  143  (also called a camera module), optical sensor  164  may capture still images or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch screen display  112  on the front of the device, so that the touch screen display may be used as a viewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition. In some embodiments, another optical sensor is located on the front of the device so that the user&#39;s image may be obtained for videoconferencing while the user views the other video conference participants on the touch screen display. 
     Device  100  may also include one or more proximity sensors  166 .  FIG. 1A  shows proximity sensor  166  coupled to peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, proximity sensor  166  may be coupled to input controller  160  in I/O subsystem  106 . In some embodiments, the proximity sensor turns off and disables touch screen  112  when the multifunction device is placed near the user&#39;s ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call). 
     Device  100  may also include one or more accelerometers  168 .  FIG. 1A  shows accelerometer  168  coupled to peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, accelerometer  168  may be coupled to an input controller  160  in I/O subsystem  106 . In some embodiments, information is displayed on the touch screen display in a portrait view or a landscape view based on an analysis of data received from the one or more accelerometers. Device  100  optionally includes, in addition to accelerometer(s)  168 , a magnetometer (not shown) and a GPS (or GLONASS or other global navigation system) receiver (not shown) for obtaining information concerning the location and orientation (e.g., portrait or landscape) of device  100 . 
     In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory  102  include operating system  126 , communication module (or set of instructions)  128 , contact/motion module (or set of instructions)  130 , graphics module (or set of instructions)  132 , text input module (or set of instructions)  134 , Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set of instructions)  135 , and applications (or sets of instructions)  136 . Furthermore, in some embodiments memory  102  stores device/global internal state  157 , as shown in  FIGS. 1A and 3 . Device/global internal state  157  includes one or more of: active application state, indicating which applications, if any, are currently active; display state, indicating what applications, views or other information occupy various regions of touch screen display  112 ; sensor state, including information obtained from the device&#39;s various sensors and input control devices  116 ; and location information concerning the device&#39;s location and/or attitude. 
     Operating system  126  (e.g., Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components. 
     Communication module  128  facilitates communication with other devices over one or more external ports  124  and also includes various software components for handling data received by RF circuitry  108  and/or external port  124 . External port  124  (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the 30-pin connector used on iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) devices. 
     Contact/motion module  130  may detect contact with touch screen  112  (in conjunction with display controller  156 ) and other touch sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). Contact/motion module  130  includes various software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact, such as determining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-down event), determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact). Contact/motion module  130  receives contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which is represented by a series of contact data, may include determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. These operations may be applied to single contacts (e.g., one finger contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g., “multitouch”/multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments, contact/motion module  130  and display controller  156  detect contact on a touchpad. 
     Contact/motion module  130  may detect a gesture input by a user. Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contact patterns. Thus, a gesture may be detected by detecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a finger tap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event at the same position (or substantially the same position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequently followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event. 
     Graphics module  132  includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics on touch screen  112  or other display, including components for changing the intensity of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics” includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including without limitation text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations and the like. 
     In some embodiments, graphics module  132  stores data representing graphics to be used. Each graphic may be assigned a corresponding code. Graphics module  132  receives, from applications etc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with, if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and then generates screen image data to output to display controller  156 . 
     Text input module  134 , which may be a component of graphics module  132 , provides soft keyboards for entering text in various applications (e.g., contacts  137 , e-mail  140 , IM  141 , browser  147 , and any other application that needs text input). 
     GPS module  135  determines the location of the device and provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone  138  for use in location-based dialing, to camera  143  as picture/video metadata, and to applications that provide location-based services such as weather widgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets). 
     Applications  136  may include the following modules (or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof:
         contacts module  137  (sometimes called an address book or contact list);   telephone module  138 ;   video conferencing module  139 ;   e-mail client module  140 ;   instant messaging (IM) module  141 ;   workout support module  142 ;   camera module  143  for still and/or video images;   image management module  144 ;   browser module  147 ;   calendar module  148 ;   widget modules  149 , which may include one or more of: weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  149 - 3 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , dictionary widget  149 - 5 , and other widgets obtained by the user, as well as user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   widget creator module  150  for making user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   search module  151 ;   video and music player module  152 , which may be made up of a video player module and a music player module;   notes module  153 ;   map module  154 ; and/or   online video module  155 .       

     Examples of other applications  136  that may be stored in memory  102  include other word processing applications, other image editing applications, drawing applications, presentation applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice replication. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , contacts module  137  may be used to manage an address book or contact list (e.g., stored in application internal state  192  of contacts module  137  in memory  102  or memory  370 ), including: adding name(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book; associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or other information with a name; associating an image with a name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers or e-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications by telephone  138 , video conference  139 , e-mail  140 , or IM  141 ; and so forth. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , telephone module  138  may be used to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers in address book  137 , modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation and disconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As noted above, the wireless communication may use any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , contact list  137 , and telephone module  138 , videoconferencing module  139  includes executable instructions to initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user and one or more other participants in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140  includes executable instructions to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response to user instructions. In conjunction with image management module  144 , e-mail client module  140  makes it very easy to create and send e-mails with still or video images taken with camera module  143 . 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the instant messaging module  141  includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to an instant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit a respective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service (SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-based instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS for Internet-based instant messages), to receive instant messages and to view received instant messages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or received instant messages may include graphics, photos, audio files, video files and/or other attachments as are supported in a MMS and/or an Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging” refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , map module  154 , and music player module  146 , workout support module  142  includes executable instructions to create workouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burning goals); communicate with workout sensors (sports devices); receive workout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout; select and play music for a workout; and display, store and transmit workout data. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor(s)  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and image management module  144 , camera module  143  includes executable instructions to capture still images or video (including a video stream) and store them into memory  102 , modify characteristics of a still image or video, or delete a still image or video from memory  102 . 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and camera module  143 , image management module  144  includes executable instructions to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/or video images. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , browser module  147  includes executable instructions to browse the Internet in accordance with user instructions, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portions thereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , calendar module  148  includes executable instructions to create, display, modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendar entries, to do lists, etc.) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , widget modules  149  are mini-applications that may be downloaded and used by a user (e.g., weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  149 - 3 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , and dictionary widget  149 - 5 ) or created by the user (e.g., user-created widget  149 - 6 ). In some embodiments, a widget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In some embodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , the widget creator module  150  may be used by a user to create widgets (e.g., turning a user-specified portion of a web page into a widget). In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , search module  151  includes executable instructions to search for text, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory  102  that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , and browser module  147 , video and music player module  152  includes executable instructions that allow the user to download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, and executable instructions to display, present or otherwise play back videos (e.g., on touch screen  112  or on an external, connected display via external port  124 ). In some embodiments, device  100  may include the functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , notes module  153  includes executable instructions to create and manage notes, to do lists, and the like in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , and browser module  147 , map module  154  may be used to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data associated with maps (e.g., driving directions; data on stores and other points of interest at or near a particular location; and other location-based data) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , online video module  155  includes instructions that allow the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen or on an external, connected display via external port  124 ), send an e-mail with a link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats, such as H.264. In some embodiments, instant messaging module  141 , rather than e-mail client module  140 , is used to send a link to a particular online video. 
     Each of the above identified modules and applications correspond to a set of executable instructions for performing one or more functions described above and the methods described in this application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods described herein). These modules (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  102  may store a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  102  may store additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     In some embodiments, device  100  is a device where operation of a predefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/or a touchpad as the primary input control device for operation of device  100 , the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) on device  100  may be reduced. 
     The predefined set of functions that may be performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad include navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by the user, navigates device  100  to a main, home, or root menu from any user interface that may be displayed on device  100 . In such embodiments, the touchpad may be referred to as a “menu button.” In some other embodiments, the menu button may be a physical push button or other physical input control device instead of a touchpad. 
       FIG. 1B  is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  102  (in  FIG. 1A ) or  370  ( FIG. 3 ) includes event sorter  170  (e.g., in operating system  126 ), operating system  126 , one or more applications (e.g.,  136 - 1  and  136 - 2 , which can be any of the aforementioned applications  137 - 151 ,  155 ,  380 - 390 ). 
     Event sorter  170  receives event information and determines the application  136 - 1  and application view  191  of application  136 - 1  to which to deliver the event information. Event sorter  170  includes event monitor  171  and event dispatcher module  174 . In some embodiments, application  136 - 1  includes application internal state  192 , which indicates the current application view(s) displayed on touch sensitive display  112  when the application is active or executing. In some embodiments, device/global internal state  157  is used by event sorter  170  to determine which application(s) is (are) currently active, and application internal state  192  is used by event sorter  170  to determine application views  191  to which to deliver event information. 
     In some embodiments, application internal state  192  includes additional information, such as one or more of: resume information to be used when application  136 - 1  resumes execution, user interface state information that indicates information being displayed or that is ready for display by application  136 - 1 , a state queue for enabling the user to go back to a prior state or view of application  136 - 1 , and a redo/undo queue of previous actions taken by the user. 
     Event monitor  171  receives event information from peripherals interface  118 . Event information includes information about a sub-event (e.g., a user touch on touch-sensitive display  112 , as part of a multi-touch gesture). Peripherals interface  118  transmits information it receives from I/O subsystem  106  or a sensor, such as proximity sensor  166 , accelerometer(s)  168 , and/or microphone  113  (through audio circuitry  110 ). Information that peripherals interface  118  receives from I/O subsystem  106  includes information from touch-sensitive display  112  or a touch-sensitive surface. 
     In some embodiments, event monitor  171  sends requests to the peripherals interface  118  at predetermined intervals. In response, peripherals interface  118  transmits event information. In other embodiments, peripheral interface  118  transmits event information only when there is a significant event (e.g., receiving an input above a predetermined noise threshold and/or for more than a predetermined duration). 
     In some embodiments, event sorter  170  also includes a hit view determination module  172  and/or an active event recognizer determination module  173 . 
     Hit view determination module  172  provides software procedures for determining where a sub-event has taken place within one or more views, when touch sensitive display  112  displays more than one view. Views are made up of controls and other elements that a user can see on the display. 
     Another aspect of the user interface associated with an application is a set of views, sometimes herein called application views or user interface windows, in which information is displayed and touch-based gestures occur. The application views (of a respective application) in which a touch is detected may correspond to programmatic levels within a programmatic or view hierarchy of the application. For example, the lowest level view in which a touch is detected may be called the hit view, and the set of events that are recognized as proper inputs may be determined based, at least in part, on the hit view of the initial touch that begins a touch-based gesture. 
     Hit view determination module  172  receives information related to sub-events of a touch-based gesture. When an application has multiple views organized in a hierarchy, hit view determination module  172  identifies a hit view as the lowest view in the hierarchy which should handle the sub-event. In most circumstances, the hit view is the lowest level view in which an initiating sub-event occurs (i.e., the first sub-event in the sequence of sub-events that form an event or potential event). Once the hit view is identified by the hit view determination module, the hit view typically receives all sub-events related to the same touch or input source for which it was identified as the hit view. Active event recognizer determination module  173  determines which view or views within a view hierarchy should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In some embodiments, active event recognizer determination module  173  determines that only the hit view should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, active event recognizer determination module  173  determines that all views that include the physical location of a sub-event are actively involved views, and therefore determines that all actively involved views should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, even if touch sub-events were entirely confined to the area associated with one particular view, views higher in the hierarchy would still remain as actively involved views. 
     Event dispatcher module  174  dispatches the event information to one or more event recognizers (e.g., event recognizer  180 ). In some embodiments, event dispatcher module  174  dispatches the event information to one or more event recognizers in a single application. In other embodiments, event dispatcher module  174  dispatches the event information to event recognizers in a plurality of applications  136 , or the operating system  126  and at least one application. In embodiments including active event recognizer determination module  173 , event dispatcher module  174  delivers the event information to one or more event recognizers including an event recognizer determined by active event recognizer determination module  173 . In some embodiments, event dispatcher module  174  stores in an event queue the event information, which is retrieved by a respective event receiver module  182 . 
     In some embodiments, operating system  126  includes event sorter  170 . Alternatively, application  136 - 1  includes event sorter  170 . In yet other embodiments, event sorter  170  is a stand-alone module, or a part of another module stored in memory  102 , such as contact/motion module  130 . 
     In some embodiments, respective applications (e.g.,  136 - 1  and  136 - 2 ) include a plurality of event handlers  190  and one or more application views  191 , each of which includes instructions for handling touch events that occur within a respective view of the application&#39;s user interface. Each application view  191  of the application  136 - 1  includes one or more event recognizers  180 . Typically, a respective application view  191  includes a plurality of event recognizers  180 . In some embodiments, the operating system  126  includes one or more event recognizers  180 . In some embodiments, the event sorter  170  includes one or more event recognizers  180 . In other embodiments, one or more of event recognizers  180  are part of a separate module, such as a user interface kit (not shown) or a higher level object from which application  136 - 1  inherits methods and other properties. In some embodiments, a respective event handler  190  includes one or more of: data updater  176 , object updater  177 , GUI updater  178 , and/or event data  179  received from event sorter  170 . Event handler  190  may utilize or call data updater  176 , object updater  177  or GUI updater  178  to update the application internal state  192 . Alternatively, one or more of the application views  191  include one or more respective event handlers  190 . Also, in some embodiments, one or more of data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178  are included in a respective application view  191 . 
     A respective event recognizer  180  receives event information (e.g., event data  179 ) from event sorter  170 , and identifies an event from the event information. Event recognizer  180  includes event receiver  182  and event comparator  184 . In some embodiments, event recognizer  180  also includes at least a subset of: metadata  183 , and event delivery instructions  188  (which may include sub-event delivery instructions). 
     Event receiver  182  receives event information from event sorter  170 . The event information includes information about a sub-event, for example, a touch or a touch movement. Depending on the sub-event, the event information also includes additional information, such as location of the sub-event. When the sub-event concerns motion of a touch the event information may also include speed and direction of the sub-event. In some embodiments, events include rotation of the device from one orientation to another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to a landscape orientation, or vice versa), and the event information includes corresponding information about the current orientation (also called device attitude) of the device. 
     Event comparator  184  compares the event information to predefined event or sub-event definitions and, based on the comparison, determines an event or sub-event, or determines or updates the state of an event or sub-event. In some embodiments, event comparator  184  includes event definitions  186 . Event definitions  186  contain definitions of events (e.g., predefined sequences of sub-events), for example, event  1  ( 187 - 1 ), event  2  ( 187 - 2 ), and others. In some embodiments, sub-events in an event  187  include, for example, touch begin, touch end, touch movement, touch cancellation, and multiple touching. In one example, the definition for event  1  ( 187 - 1 ) is a double tap on a displayed object. The double tap, for example, comprises a first touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a first lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase, a second touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, and a second lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase. In another example, the definition for event  2  ( 187 - 2 ) is a dragging on a displayed object. The dragging, for example, comprises a touch (or contact) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a movement of the touch across touch-sensitive display  112 , and lift-off of the touch (touch end). In some embodiments, the event also includes information for one or more associated event handlers  190 . 
     In some embodiments, event definition  187  includes a definition of an event for a respective user-interface object. In some embodiments, event comparator  184  performs a hit test to determine which user-interface object is associated with a sub-event. For example, in an application view in which three user-interface objects are displayed on touch-sensitive display  112 , when a touch is detected on touch-sensitive display  112 , event comparator  184  performs a hit test to determine which of the three user-interface objects is associated with the touch (sub-event). If each displayed object is associated with a respective event handler  190 , the event comparator uses the result of the hit test to determine which event handler  190  should be activated. For example, event comparator  184  selects an event handler associated with the sub-event and the object triggering the hit test. 
     In some embodiments, the definition for a respective event  187  also includes delayed actions that delay delivery of the event information until after it has been determined whether the sequence of sub-events does or does not correspond to the event recognizer&#39;s event type. 
     When a respective event recognizer  180  determines that the series of sub-events do not match any of the events in event definitions  186 , the respective event recognizer  180  enters an event impossible, event failed, or event ended state, after which it disregards subsequent sub-events of the touch-based gesture. In this situation, other event recognizers, if any, that remain active continue to track and process sub-events of an ongoing touch-based gesture. 
     In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  includes metadata  183  with configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how the event delivery system should perform sub-event delivery to actively involved event recognizers. In some embodiments, metadata  183  includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how event recognizers may interact with one another. In some embodiments, metadata  183  includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate whether sub-events are delivered to varying levels in the view or programmatic hierarchy. 
     In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  activates event handler  190  associated with an event when one or more particular sub-events of an event are recognized. In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  delivers event information associated with the event to event handler  190 . Activating an event handler  190  is distinct from sending (and deferred sending) sub-events to a respective hit view. In some embodiments, event recognizer  180  throws a flag associated with the recognized event, and event handler  190  associated with the flag catches the flag and performs a predefined process. 
     In some embodiments, event delivery instructions  188  include sub-event delivery instructions that deliver event information about a sub-event without activating an event handler. Instead, the sub-event delivery instructions deliver event information to event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or to actively involved views. Event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or with actively involved views receive the event information and perform a predetermined process. 
     In some embodiments, data updater  176  creates and updates data used in application  136 - 1 . For example, data updater  176  updates the telephone number used in contacts module  137 , or stores a video file used in video player module  145 . In some embodiments, object updater  177  creates and updates objects used in application  136 - 1 . For example, object updater  177  creates a new user-interface object or updates the position of a user-interface object. GUI updater  178  updates the GUI. For example, GUI updater  178  prepares display information and sends it to graphics module  132  for display on a touch-sensitive display. 
     In some embodiments, event handler(s)  190  includes or has access to data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178 . In some embodiments, data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178  are included in a single module of a respective application  136 - 1  or application view  191 . In other embodiments, they are included in two or more software modules. 
     It shall be understood that the foregoing discussion regarding event handling of user touches on touch-sensitive displays also applies to other forms of user inputs to operate multifunction devices  100  with input-devices, not all of which are initiated on touch screens, e.g., coordinating mouse movement and mouse button presses with or without single or multiple keyboard presses or holds, user movements taps, drags, scrolls, etc., on touch-pads, pen stylus inputs, movement of the device, oral instructions, detected eye movements, biometric inputs, and/or any combination thereof, which may be utilized as inputs corresponding to sub-events which define an event to be recognized. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a portable multifunction device  100  having a touch screen  112  in accordance with some embodiments. The touch screen may display one or more graphics within user interface (UI)  200 . In this embodiment, as well as others described below, a user may select one or more of the graphics by making a gesture on the graphics, for example, with one or more fingers  202  (not drawn to scale in the figure) or one or more styluses  203  (not drawn to scale in the figure). In some embodiments, selection of one or more graphics occurs when the user breaks contact with the one or more graphics. In some embodiments, the gesture may include one or more taps, one or more swipes (from left to right, right to left, upward and/or downward) and/or a rolling of a finger (from right to left, left to right, upward and/or downward) that has made contact with device  100 . In some embodiments, inadvertent contact with a graphic may not select the graphic. For example, a swipe gesture that sweeps over an application icon may not select the corresponding application when the gesture corresponding to selection is a tap. 
     Device  100  may also include one or more physical buttons, such as “home” or menu button  204 . As described previously, menu button  204  may be used to navigate to any application  136  in a set of applications that may be executed on device  100 . Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as a soft key in a GUI displayed on touch screen  112 . 
     In one embodiment, device  100  includes touch screen  112 , menu button  204 , push button  206  for powering the device on/off and locking the device, volume adjustment button(s)  208 , Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card slot  210 , head set jack  212 , and docking/charging external port  124 . Push button  206  may be used to turn the power on/off on the device by depressing the button and holding the button in the depressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by depressing the button and releasing the button before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an unlock process. In an alternative embodiment, device  100  also may accept verbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions through microphone  113 . 
       FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. Device  300  need not be portable. In some embodiments, device  300  is a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a tablet computer, a multimedia player device, a navigation device, an educational device (such as a child&#39;s learning toy), a gaming system, or a control device (e.g., a home or industrial controller). Device  300  typically includes one or more processing units (CPU&#39;s)  310 , one or more network or other communications interfaces  360 , memory  370 , and one or more communication buses  320  for interconnecting these components. Communication buses  320  may include circuitry (sometimes called a chipset) that interconnects and controls communications between system components. Device  300  includes input/output (I/O) interface  330  comprising display  340 , which is typically a touch screen display. I/O interface  330  also may include a keyboard and/or mouse (or other pointing device)  350  and touchpad  355 . Memory  370  includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM or other random access solid state memory devices; and may include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory  370  may optionally include one or more storage devices remotely located from CPU(s)  310 . In some embodiments, memory  370  stores programs, modules, and data structures analogous to the programs, modules, and data structures stored in memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100  ( FIG. 1 ), or a subset thereof. Furthermore, memory  370  may store additional programs, modules, and data structures not present in memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100 . For example, memory  370  of device  300  may store drawing module  380 , presentation module  382 , word processing module  384 , website creation module  386 , disk authoring module  388 , and/or spreadsheet module  390 , while memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100  ( FIG. 1 ) may not store these modules. 
     Each of the above identified elements in  FIG. 3  may be stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices. Each of the above identified modules corresponds to a set of instructions for performing a function described above. The above identified modules or programs (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  370  may store a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  370  may store additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) that may be implemented on portable multifunction device  100 . 
       FIG. 4A  illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu of applications on portable multifunction device  100  in accordance with some embodiments. Similar user interfaces may be implemented on device  300 . In some embodiments, user interface  400  includes the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:
         Signal strength indicator(s)  402  for wireless communication(s), such as cellular and Wi-Fi signals;   Time  404 ;   Bluetooth indicator  405 ;   Battery status indicator  406 ;   Tray  408  with icons for frequently used applications, such as:
           Phone  138 , which may include an indicator  414  of the number of missed calls or voicemail messages;   E-mail client  140 , which may include an indicator  410  of the number of unread e-mails;   Browser  147 ; and   Video and music player  152 , also referred to as iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) module  152 ; and   
           Icons for other applications, such as:
           IM  141 ;   Image management  144 ;   Camera  143 ;   Weather  149 - 1 ;   Stocks  149 - 2 ;   Workout support  142 ;   Calendar  148 ;   Alarm clock  149 - 4 ;   Map  154 ;   Notes  153 ;   Settings  412 , which provides access to settings for device  100  and its various applications  136 ; and   Online video module  155 , also referred to as YouTube (trademark of Google Inc.) module  155 .   
               

       FIG. 4B  illustrates an exemplary user interface on a device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG. 3 ) with a touch-sensitive surface  451  (e.g., a tablet or touchpad  355 ,  FIG. 3 ) that is separate from the display  450  (e.g., touch screen display  112 ). Although many of the examples which follow will be given with reference to inputs on touch screen display  112  (where the touch sensitive surface and the display are combined), in some embodiments, the device detects inputs on a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display, as shown in  FIG. 4B . In some embodiments the touch sensitive surface (e.g.,  451  in  FIG. 4B ) has a primary axis (e.g.,  452  in  FIG. 4B ) that corresponds to a primary axis (e.g.,  453  in  FIG. 4B ) on the display (e.g.,  450 ). In accordance with these embodiments, the device detects contacts (e.g.,  460  and  462  in  FIG. 4B ) with the touch-sensitive surface  451  at locations that correspond to respective locations on the display (e.g., in  FIG. 4B, 460  corresponds to  468  and  462  corresponds to  470 ). In this way, user inputs (e.g., contacts  460  and  462 , and movements thereof) detected by the device on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,  451  in  FIG. 4B ) are used by the device to manipulate the user interface on the display (e.g.,  450  in  FIG. 4B ) of the multifunction device when the touch-sensitive surface is separate from the display. It should be understood that similar methods may be used for other user interfaces described herein. 
     User Interfaces and Associated Processes 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) and associated processes that may be implemented on an electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface, such as device  300  or portable multifunction device  100 . 
     As used in the specification and claims, the term “open application” refers to a software application with retained state information (e.g., as part of device/global internal state  157  and/or application internal state  192 ). An open application is any one of the following types of applications:
         an active application, which is currently displayed on display  112  (or a corresponding application view is currently displayed on the display);   a background application (or background process), which is not currently displayed on display  112 , but one or more application processes (e.g., instructions) for the corresponding application are being processed by one or more processors  120  (i.e., running);   a suspended application, which is not currently running, and the application is stored in a volatile memory (e.g., DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM, or other volatile random access solid state memory device of memory  102 ); and   a hibernated application, which is not running, and the application is stored in a non-volatile memory (e.g., one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices of memory  102 ).       

     As used herein, the term “closed application” refers to software applications without retained state information (e.g., state information for closed applications is not stored in a memory of the device). Accordingly, closing an application includes stopping and/or removing application processes for the application and removing state information for the application from the memory of the device. Generally, opening a second application while in a first application does not close the first application. When the second application is displayed and the first application ceases to be displayed, the first application, which was an active application when displayed, may become a background application, suspended application, or hibernated application, but the first application remains an open application while its state information is retained by the device. 
       FIGS. 5A-5X  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for navigating through concurrently open applications in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in  FIGS. 7A-7D . 
       FIG. 5A  illustrates an exemplary user interface (“home screen”  502 ) displaying a plurality of application icons  5002  (e.g.,  5002 - 25  through  38 ) on touch screen  112  of a portable electronic device (e.g., portable multifunction device  100 ). In  FIG. 5A , a finger gesture can be used to launch an application. For example, a tap finger gesture at a location that corresponds to application icon  5002 - 36  initiates launching an email application. 
     In  FIG. 5B , in response to detecting the finger gesture on application icon  5002 - 36 , the email application is launched and email application view  504 - 1  is displayed on touch screen  112 . A predetermined sequence of open applications includes the email application as shown in the following exemplary sequences (the square brackets in an exemplary sequence indicate that an application view corresponding to the square-bracketed application is displayed): 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Sequence #1 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 1 
                 [email application] 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     A user may launch other applications in a similar manner. For example, a user may press home button  204  from any application view to return to home screen  502  ( FIG. 5A ), and launch other applications with finger gestures on respective application icons  5002  on home screen  502 .  FIGS. 5C-5G  illustrate that respective applications are sequentially launched in response to detecting respective finger gestures at locations corresponding to respective application icons  5002  on home screen  502 , and that respective user interfaces (i.e., respective application views) are displayed in turn. 
     In particular,  FIG. 5C  illustrates that media store application view  504 - 2  is displayed in response to a finger gesture on application icon  5002 - 32 . The predetermined sequence of open applications then includes the media store application (e.g., iTunes): 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Sequence #2 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 1 
                 [media store application] 
               
               
                   
                 2 
                 email application 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In  FIG. 5D , notes application view  504 - 3  is displayed in response to a finger gesture on application icon  5002 - 30 . The predetermined sequence of open applications then includes the notes application: 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Sequence #3 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 1 
                 [notes application] 
               
               
                   
                 2 
                 media store application 
               
               
                   
                 3 
                 email application 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
       FIG. 5E  illustrates that map application view  504 - 4  is displayed in response to a finger gesture on application icon  5002 - 27 . The predetermined sequence of open applications then includes the map application: 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Sequence #4 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 1 
                 [map application] 
               
               
                   
                 2 
                 notes application 
               
               
                   
                 3 
                 media store application 
               
               
                   
                 4 
                 email application 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In  FIG. 5F , weather application view  504 - 5  is displayed in response to a finger gesture on application icon  5002 - 28 . The predetermined sequence of open applications then includes the weather application: 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Sequence #5 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 1 
                 [weather application] 
               
               
                   
                 2 
                 map application 
               
               
                   
                 3 
                 notes application 
               
               
                   
                 4 
                 media store application 
               
               
                   
                 5 
                 email application 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
       FIG. 5G  illustrates that web browser application view  504 - 6  is displayed in response to a finger gesture on application icon  5002 - 37 . The predetermined sequence of open applications then includes the web browser application: 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Sequence #6 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 1 
                 [web browser application] 
               
               
                   
                 2 
                 weather application 
               
               
                   
                 3 
                 map application 
               
               
                   
                 4 
                 notes application 
               
               
                   
                 5 
                 media store application 
               
               
                   
                 6 
                 email application 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Exemplary sequence #6 corresponds to the launching of an email application, a media store application, a notes application, a map application, a weather application, and a web browser application in the sequence described above ( FIGS. 5B-5G ). 
     In  FIG. 5G , a first predefined input (e.g., a double-click  503  on home button  204 ) is detected. Alternatively, a multi-finger swipe gesture (e.g., a three-finger swipe-up gesture as illustrated with movements of finger contacts  505 ,  507 , and  509 ) is detected on touch screen  112 . 
       FIG. 5H  illustrates that, in response to detecting the first predefined input (e.g., double-click  503  or the multi-finger swipe gesture including finger contacts  505 ,  507 , and  509 ), a portion of web browser application view  504 - 6  and application icon area  506  are concurrently displayed. In some embodiments, in response to detecting the first predefined input, the device enters into an application view selection mode for selecting one of the concurrently open applications, and the portion of web browser application view  504 - 6  and application icon area  506  are concurrently displayed as part of the application view selection mode. Application icon area  506  includes a group of open application icons that correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications. In this example, the portable electronic device has multiple applications that are concurrently open (e.g., the email application, the media store application, the notes application, the map application, the weather application, and the web browser application), although they are not all simultaneously displayed. As illustrated in  FIG. 5H , application icon area  506  includes application icons (e.g.,  5004 - 2 ,  5004 - 4 ,  5004 - 6 , and  5004 - 8 ) for the weather application, the map application, the notes application, and the media store application (i.e., four applications that immediately follow the currently displayed application, the web browser application, in the predetermined sequence of open applications (exemplary sequence #6 above)). The applications for which the application icons are displayed in application icon area  506  are underlined in the following: 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Sequence #7 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 1 
                 [web browser application] 
               
               
                   
                 2 
                 
                   weather application 
                 
               
               
                   
                 3 
                 
                   map application 
                 
               
               
                   
                 4 
                 
                   notes application 
                 
               
               
                   
                 5 
                 
                   media store application 
                 
               
               
                   
                 6 
                 email application 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     It is noted that the sequence or order of open application icons displayed in application icon area  506  corresponds to the sequence of open applications in the predetermined sequence (e.g., weather, map, notes, and media store applications). 
       FIG. 5H  also illustrates a gesture  511  (e.g., a tap gesture) detected on open application icon  5004 - 8 . In some embodiments, in response to detecting gesture  511 , a corresponding application view is displayed (e.g., media store application view  504 - 2 ,  FIG. 5C ). 
       FIG. 5H  also illustrates a left-swipe gesture  513  detected at a location corresponding to application icon area  506 . In  FIG. 5I , in response to detecting left-swipe gesture  513 , the application icons (e.g.,  5004 - 2 ,  5004 - 4 ,  5004 - 6 , and  5004 - 8 ) in application icon area  506  are scrolled. As a result of scrolling, application icon  5004 - 12  for the email application is displayed in application icon area  506  instead of previously displayed application icons (e.g.,  5004 - 2 ,  5004 - 4 ,  5004 - 6 , and  5004 - 8 ). The predetermined sequence of open applications is then as follows: 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Sequence #8 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 1 
                 [web browser application] 
               
               
                   
                 2 
                 weather application 
               
               
                   
                 3 
                 map application 
               
               
                   
                 4 
                 notes application 
               
               
                   
                 5 
                 media store application 
               
               
                   
                 6 
                 
                   email application 
                 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
       FIGS. 5J-5K  illustrate exemplary user interfaces displayed in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG. 5I  illustrates that a right-swipe gesture  515  is detected at a location corresponding to application icon area  506 . In response to detecting right-swipe gesture  515 , the application icons (e.g.,  5004 - 2 ,  5004 - 4 ,  5004 - 6 , and  5004 - 8 ) in application icon area  506  are scrolled. In some embodiments, as a result of scrolling, application icon  5004 - 14  for a music application is displayed in application icon area  506  ( FIG. 5K ) instead of previously displayed application icons (e.g.,  5004 - 2 ,  5004 - 4 ,  5004 - 6 , and  5004 - 8 ). In addition, music control user interface objects (e.g., go to beginning of a track, play/pause toggle, and go to next track icons) are displayed in application icon area  506  ( FIG. 5K ). In some other embodiments, in response to detecting right-swipe gesture  515 , application icon  5004 - 12  for the email application is displayed in application icon area  506 , as illustrated in  FIG. 5I . 
       FIG. 5L  illustrate an alternative user interface displayed in response to the first predefined input (e.g., a double-click  503  on home button  204  or the multi-finger swipe gesture including finger contacts  505 ,  507 , and  509 ,  FIG. 5G ). Instead of displaying application icons for a predefined number of applications immediately following the currently displayed application in the predetermined sequence of open applications (as shown in  FIG. 5H ), application icons for a predefined number of applications, including the currently displayed application and applications immediately following the currently displayed application in the predetermined sequence of open applications, are displayed (e.g., web browser application icon  5004 - 10 , weather application icon  5004 - 2 , map application icon  5004 - 4 , and notes application icon  5004 - 6 ). The predetermined sequence of open applications is as follows: 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Sequence #9 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 1 
                 
                   [web browser application] 
                 
               
               
                   
                 2 
                 
                   weather application 
                 
               
               
                   
                 3 
                 
                   map application 
                 
               
               
                   
                 4 
                 
                   notes application 
                 
               
               
                   
                 5 
                 media store application 
               
               
                   
                 6 
                 email application 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In  FIG. 5M , a gesture of a first type (also called a first gesture type) (e.g., a multi-finger left-swipe gesture including movements of finger contacts  517 ,  519 , and  521 ) is detected on web browser application view  504 - 6 .  FIG. 5N  illustrates that, in response to detecting the gesture of the first type, weather application view  504 - 5  is displayed on touch screen  112 . The predetermined sequence of open applications is then as follows: 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Sequence #10 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 1 
                 web browser application 
               
               
                   
                 2 
                 [weather application] 
               
               
                   
                 3 
                 map application 
               
               
                   
                 4 
                 notes application 
               
               
                   
                 5 
                 media store application 
               
               
                   
                 6 
                 email application 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
       FIG. 5N  also illustrates that a second gesture of the first type (e.g., a multi-finger left-swipe gesture including movements of finger contacts  523 ,  525 , and  527 ) is detected on weather application view  504 - 5 .  FIG. 5O  illustrates that, in response to detecting the second gesture of the first type, map application view  504 - 4  is displayed on touch screen  112 . The predetermined sequence of open applications is then as follows: 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Sequence #11 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 1 
                 web browser application 
               
               
                   
                 2 
                 weather application 
               
               
                   
                 3 
                 [map application] 
               
               
                   
                 4 
                 notes application 
               
               
                   
                 5 
                 media store application 
               
               
                   
                 6 
                 email application 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
       FIG. 5O  also illustrates that a third gesture of the first type (e.g., a multi-finger left-swipe gesture including movements of finger contacts  529 ,  531 , and  533 ) is detected on map application view  504 - 4 .  FIG. 5P  illustrates that, in response to detecting the third gesture of the first type, notes application view  504 - 3  is displayed on touch screen  112 . The predetermined sequence of open applications is then as follows: 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Sequence #12 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 1 
                 web browser application 
               
               
                   
                 2 
                 weather application 
               
               
                   
                 3 
                 map application 
               
               
                   
                 4 
                 [notes application] 
               
               
                   
                 5 
                 media store application 
               
               
                   
                 6 
                 email application 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
       FIG. 5P  also illustrates that a fourth gesture of the first type (e.g., a multi-finger left-swipe gesture including movements of finger contacts  535 ,  537 , and  539 ) is detected on notes application view  504 - 3 .  FIG. 5Q  illustrates that, in response to detecting the fourth gesture of the first type, media store application view  504 - 2  is displayed on touch screen  112 . The predetermined sequence of open applications is then as follows: 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Sequence #13 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 1 
                 web browser application 
               
               
                   
                 2 
                 weather application 
               
               
                   
                 3 
                 map application 
               
               
                   
                 4 
                 notes application 
               
               
                   
                 5 
                 [media store application] 
               
               
                   
                 6 
                 email application 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
       FIG. 5Q  also illustrates that a fifth gesture of the first type (e.g., a multi-finger left-swipe gesture including movements of finger contacts  541 ,  543 , and  545 ) is detected on media store application view  504 - 2 .  FIG. 5R  illustrates that, in response to detecting the fifth gesture of the first type, email application view  504 - 1  is displayed on touch screen  112 . The predetermined sequence of open applications is then as follows: 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Sequence #14 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 1 
                 web browser application 
               
               
                   
                 2 
                 weather application 
               
               
                   
                 3 
                 map application 
               
               
                   
                 4 
                 notes application 
               
               
                   
                 5 
                 media store application 
               
               
                   
                 6 
                 [email application] 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
       FIG. 5R  also illustrates that a sixth gesture of the first type (e.g., a multi-finger left-swipe gesture including movements of finger contacts  547 ,  549 , and  551 ) is detected on email application view  504 - 1 .  FIG. 5S  illustrates that, in some embodiments, in response to detecting the sixth gesture of the first type, web browser application view  504 - 6  is displayed on touch screen  112 . The predetermined sequence of open applications is then as follows: 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Sequence #15 (identical to 
               
               
                 Exemplary Sequence #6) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 1 
                 [web browser application] 
               
               
                   
                 2 
                 weather application 
               
               
                   
                 3 
                 map application 
               
               
                   
                 4 
                 notes application 
               
               
                   
                 5 
                 media store application 
               
               
                   
                 6 
                 email application 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
       FIG. 5S  also illustrates that a gesture of a second type (also called a second gesture type) (e.g., a multi-finger right-swipe gesture including movements of finger contacts  553 ,  555 , and  557 ) is detected on web browser application view  504 - 6 .  FIG. 5T  illustrates that, in some embodiments, in response to detecting the gesture of the second type, email application view  504 - 1  is displayed on touch screen  112 . 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Sequence #16 (identical to 
               
               
                 Exemplary Sequence 14) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 1 
                 web browser application 
               
               
                   
                 2 
                 weather application 
               
               
                   
                 3 
                 map application 
               
               
                   
                 4 
                 notes application 
               
               
                   
                 5 
                 media store application 
               
               
                   
                 6 
                 [ email application] 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
       FIGS. 5U-5V  illustrate exemplary user interfaces displayed in accordance with some embodiments. In  FIG. 5U , a gesture of the second type (e.g., a multi-finger right-swipe gesture including movements of finger contacts  559 ,  561 , and  563 ) is detected over web browser application view  504 - 6 . It is noted that the web browser application is the first application in the predetermined sequence of open applications.  FIG. 5V  illustrates that, in response to detecting the gesture of the second type, web browser application view  504 - 6  is moved from its first (original) position (e.g.,  524 ) to second position  522  that is determined in accordance with the gesture of the second type. As illustrated, when web browser application view  504 - 6  is at the second position, at least a portion of web browser application view  504 - 6  (e.g., the right side of web browser application view  504 - 6 ) is not displayed on touch screen  112 . When the gesture of the second type is no longer detected on touch screen  122 , web browser application view  504 - 6  is moved in a damped vibration motion with respect to the first (original) position. 
     In some embodiments, the damped vibration motion is described as a function of a distance between location  522  of an application view (e.g., web browser application view  504 - 6 ) and the first position  524  ( FIG. 5V ). As described herein, the distance between location  522  of the application view and the first position  524  is sometimes called a distance variable “x.” When the value of the variable x is zero, the application view is located at the first position. In some embodiments, the variable x is a function of time. In some embodiments, web browser application view  504 - 6  is moved in a damped vibration motion until a predefined oscillation condition is satisfied (e.g., a magnitude of the oscillation is less than a predefined threshold or a predefined number of oscillations has occurred). 
       FIG. 6  illustrates an exemplary function representing a damped vibration motion in accordance with some embodiments. As illustrated, a value of the distance variable x changes over time, and ranges from a positive value (above the zero-line) to a negative value (below the zero-line). In the example described above, when the distance variable x has a positive value, the application view is located on the right side of first position  524 , and when the distance variable x has a negative value, a portion of the application view is located on the left side of first position  524 . The application view is located at the second position when the gesture ceases to be detected. In response to ceasing to detect the gesture, the application view moves toward the first position, reaches the first position (at  602 ) and passes the first position. Then the application view changes the direction and moves toward the first position, and repeats the back and forth oscillation in a similar manner. It is noted that the magnitude of oscillation decreases over time (and thus is called a damped vibration motion). In some embodiments, when the magnitude of oscillation is less than a predefined threshold (e.g., at  604 ), the oscillation terminates, and the application view is displayed without oscillation at the first position (x=0). 
     Referring to  FIG. 5W , a multi-finger gesture (e.g., a five-finger pinch gesture including movements of finger contacts  565 ,  567 ,  569 ,  571 , and  573 ) is detected on web browser application view  504 - 6 .  FIG. 5X  illustrates that, while detecting the multi-finger gesture on touch screen  112 , web browser application view  504 - 6  and at least a portion of home screen  502  are concurrently displayed. As illustrated, web browser application view  504 - 6  is displayed at a reduced scale. The reduced scale is adjusted in accordance with the multi-finger gesture, while the multi-finger gesture is detected on the touch screen  112 . For example, the reduced scale decreases with further pinching of finger contacts  565 ,  567 ,  569 ,  571 , and  573  (i.e., web browser application view  504 - 6  is displayed at a smaller scale). Alternatively, the reduced scale increases with depinching of finger contacts  565 ,  567 ,  569 ,  571 , and  573  (i.e., web browser application view  504 - 6  is displayed at a larger scale than before). 
     In some embodiments, when the multi-finger gesture ceases to be detected, web browser application view  504 - 6  ceases to be displayed, and the entire home screen  502  is displayed. Alternatively, when the multi-finger gesture ceases to be detected, it is determined whether the entire home screen  502  is to be displayed or web browser application view  504 - 6  is to be displayed at a full-screen scale. In some embodiments, the determination is made based on the reduced scale when the multi-finger gesture ceases to be displayed (e.g., if the application view is displayed at a scale smaller than a predefined threshold when the multi-finger gesture ceases to be detected, the entire home screen  502  is displayed; if the application view is displayed at a scale larger than the predefined threshold when the multi-finger gesture ceases to be detected, the application view is displayed at a full-screen scale without a display of home screen  502 ). In some embodiments, the determination is made also based on the speed of the multi-finger gesture. 
       FIGS. 7A-7D  are flow diagrams illustrating a method  700  of navigating through concurrently open applications in accordance with some embodiments. Method  700  is performed at an electronic device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG. 3 , or portable multifunction device  100 ,  FIG. 1 ) with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is a touch screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method  700  may be combined and/or the order of some operations may be changed. 
     As described below, method  700  provides an intuitive way to navigate through concurrently open applications. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when navigating through concurrently open applications, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to navigate through concurrently open applications faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     The device displays ( 702 ) a first application view on the touch-sensitive display that corresponds to a first application in a plurality of concurrently open applications (e.g., web browser application view  504 - 6 ,  FIG. 5G ). The first application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. 
     While displaying the first application view, the device detects ( 704 ) a first predefined input. In some embodiments, the first predefined input is one of: a double-click  503  on a system button (e.g., home button  204 ) and a multi-finger gesture, such as a three-finger (or an N-finger) swipe-up gesture including finger contacts  505 ,  507 , and  509 , as shown in  FIG. 5G . 
     In response to detecting the first predefined input ( 706 ), the device enters ( 708 ) an application view selection mode for selecting one of the concurrently open applications for display of a corresponding application view, displays ( 710 ) in a first predefined area of the touch-sensitive display a group of open application icons that correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications, and concurrently displays ( 712 ) at least a portion of the first application view with the first predefined area. The open application icons in the group are displayed in accordance with a predetermined sequence of the open applications. For example,  FIG. 5H  illustrates that at least a portion of web browser application view  504 - 6  is concurrently displayed with a first predefined area (e.g., application icon area  506 ). As illustrated in  FIG. 5H , the first predefined area (e.g., application icon area  506 ) includes open application icons (e.g.,  5004 - 2 ,  5004 - 4 ,  5004 - 6 , and  5004 - 8 ), and the open application icons are displayed in accordance with a predetermined sequence of the open applications, such as exemplary sequence #7, which arises based on the sequence of user interactions with the device described above: 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Sequence #7 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 1 
                 [web browser application] 
               
               
                   
                 2 
                 
                   weather application 
                 
               
               
                   
                 3 
                 
                   map application 
                 
               
               
                   
                 4 
                 
                   notes application 
                 
               
               
                   
                 5 
                 
                   media store application 
                 
               
               
                   
                 6 
                 email application 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     As noted above, the application corresponding to the displayed application view is indicated with a square bracket in the sequence (e.g., web browser application view  504 - 6  is displayed in  FIG. 5H ). In addition, the applications for which the application icons are displayed in application icon area  506  ( FIG. 5H ) are underlined. 
     The group of open application icons displayed in the application view selection mode allows a user to select an open application from a set of open applications corresponding to the open application icons in application icon area  506 . In addition, the group of open application icons provides the user a visual indication of at least a portion of the predetermined sequence of open applications. As illustrated above, the sequence is determined by the user&#39;s prior interactions with the device. 
     In some embodiments, while displaying the group of open application icons in the first predefined area, the device detects ( 714 ) a gesture on a respective open application icon in the first predefined area. In response to detecting the gesture on the respective open application icon, the device updates the predetermined sequence of the open application icons, displays a respective application view on the touch-sensitive display for a corresponding application in the plurality of concurrently open applications, ceases to display open application icons in the first predefined area, and exits the application view selection mode. The respective application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. For example, in  FIG. 5H , gesture  511  (e.g., a tap gesture) is detected on application icon  5004 - 8 . In response, the device updates the predetermined sequence of the open application icons, and displays a respective application view for a corresponding application (e.g., media store application view  504 - 2 ,  FIG. 5C ). An exemplary updated predetermined sequence #17 of the open applications is then as follows: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Sequence #7 
                   
                 Exemplary Sequence #17 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 [web browser application] 
                   
                 1 
                 [media store application] 
               
               
                 2 
                 
                   weather application 
                 
                   
                 2 
                 web browser application 
               
               
                 3 
                 
                   map application 
                 
                 → 
                 3 
                 weather application 
               
               
                 4 
                 
                   notes application 
                 
                   
                 4 
                 map application 
               
               
                 5 
                 
                   media store application 
                 
                   
                 5 
                 notes application 
               
               
                 6 
                 email application 
                   
                 6 
                 email application 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In this exemplary sequence #17, the position of the media store application (or an application for which a corresponding view is displayed) has moved up to the top of the predetermined sequence (e.g., a first position in the sequence), and the positions of other applications are shifted down accordingly (e.g., the web browser application moves from the first position to the second position, etc.). Alternatively, in some embodiments, the predetermined sequence of open applications is scrolled until the media store application is positioned on top of the sequence. 
     While displaying the first application view without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications (and while not in the application view selection mode), the device detects ( 716 ) a first gesture of a first gesture type on the touch-sensitive display (e.g., a three-finger (or a multi-finger) left-swipe gesture that includes finger contacts  517 ,  519 , and  521 ,  FIG. 5M ). The first gesture is distinct from the first predefined input (e.g., the left-swipe gesture that includes finger contacts  517 ,  519 , and  521  ( FIG. 5M ) is distinct from both the double-click  503  on home button  204  and the three-finger swipe-up gesture that includes finger contacts  505 ,  507 , and  509  ( FIG. 5G ). 
     In response to detecting the first gesture of the first gesture type, the device displays ( 718 ) a second application view on the touch-sensitive display that corresponds to a second application in the plurality of concurrently open applications (e.g., weather application view  504 - 5 ,  FIG. 5N ). The second application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The second application is adjacent to the first application in the predetermined sequence. For example, prior to detecting the first gesture, an exemplary sequence is as follows: 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Sequence #7 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 1 
                 [web browser application] 
               
               
                   
                 2 
                 weather application 
               
               
                   
                 3 
                 map application 
               
               
                   
                 4 
                 notes application 
               
               
                   
                 5 
                 media store application 
               
               
                   
                 6 
                 email application 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In the exemplary sequence #7, the web browser application and the weather application are positioned next to each other in the predetermined sequence, without any other application between the web browser application and the weather application. In some embodiments, the term “adjacent to” is used to describe a condition that there is no other application between two applications in the predetermined sequence. For example, when an application A is adjacent to an application B in the predetermined sequence, no other application is positioned between the application A and the application B. In other words, the application A and the application B are positioned without any other application between the two applications. In some embodiments, the term “adjacent to” is also used to describe a condition that one application is at one end of the predetermined sequence and the other application is at the opposite end of the predetermined sequence. For example, when the application C is the first application in the predetermined sequence and the application D is the last application in the predetermined sequence, the application C is adjacent to the application D, even though there may be one or more applications between the application C and the application D in the predetermined sequence. In other words, if the predetermined sequence is considered to form a loop, then the first application is adjacent to the last application in the loop. 
     In some embodiments, the first application is ( 720 ) at a first end of the predetermined sequence of the open applications, and the second application is at a second end of the predetermined sequence of the open applications. For example, the first application is a first application in the predetermined sequence of the open applications, and the second application is a last application in the predetermined sequence of the open applications. Alternatively, the first application is a last application in the predetermined sequence of the open applications, and the second application is a first application in the predetermined sequence of the open applications. In another example based on the exemplary sequence #7, the first application is the email application (the last application in the exemplary sequence #7), and the second application is the web browser application (the first application in the exemplary sequence #7). Thus, as illustrated in  FIGS. 5R and 5S , in response to detecting a multi-finger left-swipe gesture while displaying email application view  504 - 1 , web browser application view  504 - 6  is displayed. In other words, in some embodiments, when the device reaches an end of the predetermined sequence, the device selects the next application from the opposite end of the predetermined sequence for display. 
     In some embodiments, in response to detecting the first gesture of the first gesture type, the device updates ( 722 ) the predetermined sequence of the open applications. For example, the predetermined sequence of the open applications may be scrolled, as shown below: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Sequence #7 
                   
                 Exemplary Sequence #18 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 [web browser application] 
                   
                 1 
                 [weather application] 
               
               
                 2 
                 weather application 
                   
                 2 
                 map application 
               
               
                 3 
                 map application 
                 → 
                 3 
                 notes application 
               
               
                 4 
                 notes application 
                   
                 4 
                 media store application 
               
               
                 5 
                 media store application 
                   
                 5 
                 email application 
               
               
                 6 
                 email application 
                   
                 6 
                 web browser application 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In some embodiments, while displaying the second application view on the touch-sensitive display without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications (and while not in the application view selection mode), the device detects ( 724 ) a second gesture of the first gesture type (e.g., a three-finger (or multi-finger) left-swipe gesture including finger contacts  523 ,  525 , and  527 ,  FIG. 5N ). In response to detecting the second gesture of the first gesture type, the device displays a third application view on the touch-sensitive display that corresponds to a third application in the plurality of concurrently open applications (e.g., map application view  504 - 4 ,  FIG. 5O ). The third application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The third application is adjacent to the second application in the predetermined sequence. For example, in the exemplary sequence #11, the weather application and the map application are positioned next to each other in the predetermined sequence, without any other application between the weather application and the map application: 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Sequence #11 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 1 
                 web browser application 
               
               
                   
                 2 
                 weather application 
               
               
                   
                 3 
                 [map application] 
               
               
                   
                 4 
                 notes application 
               
               
                   
                 5 
                 media store application 
               
               
                   
                 6 
                 email application 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Thus, in response to detecting the first gesture of the first gesture type, the second application view replaces the first application view without passing through a separate, intervening interface in an application view selection mode; in response detecting to the second gesture of the first gesture type, the third application view replaces the second application view without passing through a separate, intervening interface in an application view selection mode; and so on. This provides an alternative way to change application views. This alternative does not display application launch icons that correspond to at least part of the predetermined sequence of the open applications (e.g., application icon area  506  is not displayed). If this alternative was the only way to change application views, a user could become confused about what application view would appear next in response to each successive detection of a gesture of the first type (e.g., in response to each three-finger (or a multi-finger) left-swipe gesture). Such confusion is avoided here by also having a separate application view selection mode available to the user that displays open application icons (e.g., in area  506 ) that show the user the current order of the open applications in the predetermined sequence of open applications. Providing two complementary ways to select open software applications, one via a separate selection mode and the other modeless, makes navigation of concurrently open software applications faster and more efficient than either way by itself. 
     In some embodiments, the device updates the predetermined sequence of the open applications in response to a determination that predefined update criteria are satisfied. Exemplary update criteria are described below. 
     For example, consider the situation where the second application view is displayed after detecting the first gesture of the first gesture type. In some embodiments, while displaying the second application view on the touch-sensitive display without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications (and while not in the application view selection mode), the device detects ( 726 ) an input for the second application on the touch-sensitive display. For example, the input for the second application includes interaction with a displayed UI element, such as moving a control, or typing into a text field. In response to detecting the input for the second application on the touch-sensitive display, the device updates the predetermined sequence of the open applications. For example, when a user scrolls to weather application view  504 - 5  ( FIG. 5N ) (e.g., via a three-finger (or a multi-finger) left-swipe gesture) and interacts with displayed UI elements in the weather application ( FIG. 5N ), the position of the weather application moves to the top of the sequence, and the web browser application moves down to the second position in the sequence. Similarly, in some embodiments, when a user scrolls to notes application view  504 - 3  ( FIG. 5P ) (e.g., via a second three-finger (or a multi-finger) left-swipe gesture), the predetermined sequence is not updated until the user interacts with displayed UI elements in the notes application ( FIG. 5P ). When the user interacts with a displayed UI element, the position of the notes application moves to the top of the sequence, as shown below: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Sequence #12 
                   
                 Exemplary Sequence #19 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 web browser application 
                   
                 1 
                 [notes application] 
               
               
                 2 
                 weather application 
                   
                 2 
                 web browser application 
               
               
                 3 
                 map application 
                 → 
                 3 
                 weather application 
               
               
                 4 
                 [notes application] 
                   
                 4 
                 map application 
               
               
                 5 
                 media store application 
                   
                 5 
                 media store application 
               
               
                 6 
                 email application 
                   
                 6 
                 email application 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     For example, consider the situation where the second application view is displayed after detecting the first gesture of the first gesture type. In some embodiments, while displaying the second application view on the touch-sensitive display without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications (and while not in the application view selection mode), the device determines ( 728 ) a duration for which the second application view is displayed. In response to determining that the duration exceeds a predefined time (e.g., 5 seconds, 10 seconds, 30 seconds, etc.), the device updates the predetermined sequence of the open applications (e.g., see the update from the exemplary sequence #12 to the exemplary sequence #19 shown above). 
     In some embodiments, while displaying the first application view without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications (and while not in the application view selection mode), the device detects ( 730 ) a third gesture of a second gesture type on the touch-sensitive display (e.g., a three-finger (or multi-finger) right-swipe gesture including finger contacts  553 ,  555 , and  557 ,  FIG. 5S ). The second gesture type is distinct from the first gesture type (e.g., the three-finger right-swipe gesture is distinct from the three-finger left-swipe gesture). In response to detecting the third gesture of the second gesture type, the device displays a fourth application view on the touch-sensitive display that corresponds to a fourth application in the plurality of concurrently open applications (e.g., email application view  504 - 1 ,  FIG. 5T ). The fourth application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The fourth application is adjacent to the first application in the predetermined sequence. The fourth application is distinct from the second application. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Exemplary Sequence #7 
                   
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 [web browser application] 
                   
               
               
                   
                 weather application 
                   
               
               
                   
                 map application 
                   
               
               
                   
                 notes application 
                   
               
               
                   
                 media store application 
                   
               
               
                   
                 email application 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     For example, in the exemplary sequence #7, the email application is adjacent to the web browser application, because (as explained above) the email application is the last application in the sequence and the web browser application is the first application in the sequence. 
     In some embodiments, while displaying the first application view without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications (and while not in the application view selection mode), the device detects a third gesture of a second gesture type on the touch-sensitive display (e.g., a three-finger (or multi-finger) right-swipe gesture including finger contacts  553 ,  555 , and  557 ,  FIG. 5S ). The second gesture type is distinct from the first gesture type (e.g., the three-finger right-swipe gesture is distinct from the three-finger left-swipe gesture). When the first application is at one end of the predetermined sequence of open applications, in response to detecting the third gesture of the second gesture type, the device displays a fourth application view on the touch-sensitive display that corresponds to a fourth application. In some embodiments, the fourth application is a concurrently open application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. In some embodiments, the fourth application is a predefined application (e.g., a music player application). In some embodiments, the fourth application is preselected by a user. 
     In some embodiments, the device detects ( 732 ) a multi-finger gesture on the touch-sensitive display that is distinct from the first predefined input and a gesture of the first type. In response to detecting the multi-finger gesture on the touch-sensitive display, the device displays a home screen (e.g., without concurrently displaying an application view for any application in the plurality of concurrently open applications as shown in  FIG. 5A ). In some embodiments, the multi-finger gesture is a multi-finger pinch gesture (e.g., a five-finger pinch gesture including finger contacts  565 ,  567 ,  569 ,  571 , and  573 ,  FIG. 5W ). 
     In some embodiments, the device detects ( 734 ) a multi-finger gesture on the touch-sensitive display that is distinct from the first predefined input and a gesture of the first type (e.g., a five-finger (or an N-finger) pinch gesture including finger contacts  565 ,  567 ,  569 ,  571 , and  573 ,  FIG. 5W ). While detecting the multi-finger gesture on the touch-sensitive display, the device concurrently displays the first application view in a first reduced scale and at least a portion of a home screen, and adjusts the first reduced scale in accordance with the multi-finger gesture. For example, in  FIG. 5X , web browser application view  504 - 6  is displayed in a reduced scale, and the reduced scale is adjusted based on the five-finger pinch gesture including finger contacts  565 ,  567 ,  569 ,  571 , and  573 . In response to ceasing to detect the multi-finger gesture, the device ceases to display the first application view, and displays the entire home screen (e.g.,  FIG. 5A ). 
     In some embodiments, the first application view is displayed ( 736 ) at a first position on the touch-sensitive display (e.g., web browser application view  504 - 6 ,  FIG. 5U ), and the first application is at one end of the predetermined sequence of open applications (e.g., exemplary sequence #7). While displaying the first application view without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications (and while not in the application view selection mode), the device detects a respective gesture of a second gesture type on the touch-sensitive display (e.g., a three-finger (or multi-finger) right-swipe gesture including finger contacts  559 ,  561 , and  563 ,  FIG. 5U ). The second gesture type is distinct from the first gesture type. In response to detecting the respective gesture of the second gesture type, the device moves the first application view from the first position to a second position in accordance with the respective gesture of the second gesture type such that at least a portion of the first application view moves off the touch-sensitive display. For example, in  FIG. 5V , web browser application view  504 - 6  is moved from first position  524  to second position  522  in accordance with the three-finger right-swipe gesture including finger contacts  559 ,  561 , and  563 . In response to ceasing to detect the respective gesture of the second gesture type on the touch-sensitive display, the device moves the first application view in a damped vibration motion with respect to the first position until a predefined oscillation condition is satisfied. For example, when finger contacts  559 ,  561 , and  563  cease to be detected on touch screen  112 , web browser application view  504 - 6  oscillates with respect to first position  524 . The magnitude of oscillation decreases over time. After a predefined oscillation condition is satisfied, web browser application view  504 - 6  is displayed without oscillation. In some embodiments, the predefined oscillation condition includes a number of oscillations, a duration of time the first application view oscillates, a minimum magnitude of oscillation, or any combination thereof. 
     In some embodiments, the damped vibration motion is modeled ( 738 ) by a function of a mass, a spring constant, and a damping coefficient, and the mass decreases as a function of time. An exemplary function is:
 
 mX″+cX′+kX =0  (Eq. 1)
 
where m is a mass (or a corresponding value), k is a spring constant, c is a damping coefficient, and X represents a position of the first application view, typically as a function of time. X′ is a first derivative of X, and X″ is a second derivative of X.  FIG. 5V  illustrates that, in some embodiments, X represents a distance from first position  524  to position  522  of the first application view (e.g., web browser application view  504 - 6 ). In some embodiments, m represents a constant value (i.e., the value corresponding to m does not change over time). In some embodiments, m is a function of time (i.e., the value corresponding to m changes over time). In some embodiments, the value corresponding to m decreases over time. In some embodiments, the value corresponding to m decreases linearly over time. In some embodiments, the value corresponding to m decreases nonlinearly over time. In some embodiments, the value corresponding to m decreases inverse proportionally to time. In some embodiments, the value corresponding to m decreases exponentially over time.
 
     In accordance with some embodiments,  FIG. 8  shows a functional block diagram of an electronic device  800  configured in accordance with the principles of the invention as described above. The functional blocks of the electronic device may be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of the invention. It is understood by persons of skill in the art that the functional blocks described in  FIG. 8  may be combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of the invention as described above. Therefore, the description herein may support any possible combination or separation or further definition of the functional blocks described herein. 
     As shown in  FIG. 8 , an electronic device  800  includes a touch-sensitive display unit  802  configured to display a first application view that corresponds to a first application in a plurality of concurrently open applications executable by a processing unit  804 . The first application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. The electronic device  800  also includes a processing unit  804  coupled to the touch-sensitive display unit  802 . In some embodiments, the processing unit  804  includes a detecting unit  806 , an entering unit  808 , a display enabling unit  810 , an updating unit  812 , a ceasing unit  814 , an exiting unit  816 , a duration determining unit  818 , an adjusting unit  820 , and a moving unit  822 . 
     The processing unit  804  is configured to: while the touch-sensitive display unit  802  displays the first application view, detect a first predefined input (e.g., with the detecting unit  806 ); in response to detecting the first predefined input: enter an application view selection mode for selecting one of the concurrently open applications for display of a corresponding application view with the touch-sensitive display unit  802  (e.g., with the entering unit  808 ); enable display in a first predefined area of the touch-sensitive display unit  802  of a group of open application icons that correspond to at least some of the plurality of concurrently open applications (e.g., with the display enabling unit  810 ), the open application icons in the group being displayed in accordance with a predetermined sequence of the open applications; and enable concurrent display of at least a portion of the first application view with the first predefined area with the touch-sensitive display unit  802  (e.g., with the display enabling unit  810 ); while the touch-sensitive display unit  802  displays the first application view without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications, detect a first gesture of a first gesture type on the touch-sensitive display unit  802  (e.g., with the detecting unit  806 ), the first gesture being distinct from the first predefined input; and, in response to detecting the first gesture of the first gesture type, enable display of a second application view on the touch-sensitive display unit  802  that corresponds to a second application in the plurality of concurrently open applications (e.g., with the display enabling unit  810 ), the second application being adjacent to the first application in the predetermined sequence, wherein the second application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  804  is configured to: while the touch-sensitive display unit  802  displays the second application view without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications, detect a second gesture of the first gesture type (e.g., with the detecting unit  806 ); and, in response to detecting the second gesture of the first gesture type, enable display of a third application view on the touch-sensitive display unit  802  that corresponds to a third application in the plurality of concurrently open applications (e.g., with the display enabling unit  810 ), the third application being adjacent to the second application in the predetermined sequence, wherein the third application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  804  is configured to: while the touch-sensitive display unit  802  displays the first application view without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications, detect a third gesture of a second gesture type on the touch-sensitive display unit  802  (e.g., with the detecting unit  806 ), the second gesture type being distinct from the first gesture type; and, in response to detecting the third gesture of the second gesture type, enable display of a fourth application view on the touch-sensitive display unit  802  that corresponds to a fourth application in the plurality of concurrently open applications (e.g., with the display enabling unit  810 ), the fourth application being adjacent to the first application in the predetermined sequence, the fourth application being distinct from the second application, wherein the fourth application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  804  is configured to: while the touch-sensitive display unit  802  displays the group of open application icons in the first predefined area, detect a gesture on a respective open application icon in the first predefined area (e.g., with the detecting unit  806 ); and, in response to detecting the gesture on the respective open application icon: update the predetermined sequence of the open application icons (e.g., with the updating unit  812 ); enable display of a respective application view on the touch-sensitive display unit  802  for a corresponding application in the plurality of concurrently open applications (e.g., with the display enabling unit  810 ), wherein the respective application view is displayed without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications; cease to display open application icons in the first predefined area (e.g., with the ceasing unit  814 ); and exit the application view selection mode (e.g., with the exiting unit  816 ). 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  804  is configured to: in response to detecting the first gesture of the first gesture type, update the predetermined sequence of the open applications (e.g., with the updating unit  812 ). 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  804  is configured to: while the touch-sensitive display unit  802  displays the second application view without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications: detect an input for the second application on the touch-sensitive display unit  802  (e.g., with the detecting unit  806 ); and, in response to detecting the input for the second application on the touch-sensitive display unit  802 , update the predetermined sequence of the open applications (e.g., with the updating unit  812 ). 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  804  is configured to: while the touch-sensitive display unit  802  displays the second application view without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications: determine a duration for which the second application view is displayed (e.g., with the duration determining unit  818 ); and, in response to determining that the duration exceeds a predefined time, update the predetermined sequence of the open applications (e.g., with the updating unit  812 ). 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  804  is configured to: detect a multi-finger gesture on the touch-sensitive display unit  802  that is distinct from the first predefined input and the first gesture (e.g., with the detecting unit  806 ); and, in response to detecting the multi-finger gesture on the touch-sensitive display unit  802 , enable display of a home screen on the touch-sensitive display unit  802  (e.g., with the display enabling unit  810 ). 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  804  is configured to: detect a multi-finger gesture on the touch-sensitive display unit  802  that is distinct from the first predefined input and the first gesture (e.g., with the detecting unit  806 ); while detecting the multi-finger gesture on the touch-sensitive display unit  802 : enable concurrent display of the first application view in a first reduced scale and at least a portion of a home screen on the touch-sensitive display unit  802  (e.g., with the display enabling unit  810 ); and adjust the first reduced scale in accordance with the multi-finger gesture (e.g., with the adjusting unit  820 ); and, in response to ceasing to detect the multi-finger gesture: cease to display the first application view (e.g., with the ceasing unit  814 ); and enable display of the entire home screen on the touch-sensitive display unit  802  (e.g., with the display enabling unit  810 ). 
     In some embodiments, the first application is at a first end of the predetermined sequence of the open applications, and the second application is at a second end of the predetermined sequence of the open applications. 
     In some embodiments, the first application view is displayed at a first position on the touch-sensitive display unit  802 , the first application is at one end of the predetermined sequence of the open applications, and the processing unit  804  is configured to: while the touch-sensitive display unit  802  displays the first application view without concurrently displaying an application view for any other application in the plurality of concurrently open applications: detect a respective gesture of a second gesture type on the touch-sensitive display unit  802  (e.g., with the detecting unit  806 ), the second gesture type being distinct from the first gesture type; in response to detecting the respective gesture of the second gesture type, move the first application view from the first position to a second position in accordance with the respective gesture of the second gesture type such that at least a portion of the first application view moves off the touch-sensitive display unit  802  (e.g., with the moving unit  822 ); and, in response to ceasing to detect the respective gesture of the second gesture type on the touch-sensitive display, move the first application view in a damped vibration motion with respect to the first position until a predefined oscillation condition is satisfied (e.g., with the moving unit  822 ). 
     In some embodiments, the damped vibration motion is modeled by a function of a mass, a spring constant, and a damping coefficient, and the mass decreases as a function of time. 
     The operations in the information processing methods described above may be implemented by running one or more functional modules in information processing apparatus such as general purpose processors or application specific chips. These modules, combinations of these modules, and/or their combination with general hardware (e.g., as described above with respect to  FIGS. 1A and 3 ) are all included within the scope of protection of the invention. 
     The operations described above with reference to  FIGS. 7A-7D  may be implemented by components depicted in  FIGS. 1A-1B . For example, detecting operation  704 , application view selection mode entering operation  708 , and updating operation  724  may be implemented by event sorter  170 , event recognizer  180 , and event handler  190 . Event monitor  171  in event sorter  170  detects a contact on touch-sensitive display  112 , and event dispatcher module  174  delivers the event information to one or more applications (e.g.,  136 - 1  and  136 - 2 ) and/or operating system  126 . A respective event recognizer  180  of an application (e.g.,  136 - 1 ) or an operating system  126  compares the event information to respective event definitions  186 , and determines whether a first contact at a first location on the touch-sensitive surface corresponds to a predefined event or sub-event, such as selection of an object on a user interface. When a respective predefined event or sub-event is detected, event recognizer  180  activates an event handler  190  associated with the detection of the event or sub-event. Event handler  190  may utilize or call data updater  176  or object updater  177  to update the application internal state  192  and/or the device/global internal state  157 . In some embodiments, event handler  190  accesses a respective GUI updater  178  to update what is displayed by the application. Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in the art how other processes can be implemented based on the components depicted in  FIGS. 1A-1B . 
     The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20201130
Publication Date: 20221101
Grant Date: 20221101
Priority Date: 20101220
Inventors: KOCIENDA, KENNETH
CHAUDHRI, IMRAN
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G06F3/04886", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04886", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04842", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0482", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0488", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0488", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04886", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04842", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0482", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 46236172