PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-11954323-B2
Application Number: US-202117242157-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Devices, methods, and graphical user interfaces for initiating a payment action in a messaging session

Abstract:
An electronic device displays a messaging user interface of a messaging application, including a conversation transcript of a messaging session between a user of the electronic device and another user, a message-input area, and a representation corresponding to the other user. In response to detecting a first user input corresponding to the representation of the other user, a menu is displayed that contains an activatable menu item for initiating a payment action with the other user. While displaying the menu, in response to detecting a second user input corresponding to the activatable menu item for initiating a payment action with the first other user, a user interface configured to initiate sending of payment to, and/or requesting payment from, the first other user is displayed.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A method, comprising:
 at an electronic device having one or more processors, memory, a touch-sensitive surface, and a display:
 displaying a messaging user interface of a messaging application on the display, the messaging user interface including a conversation transcript of a messaging session between a user of the electronic device and a plurality of other users and a message-input area, the conversation transcript of the messaging session including representations of messages, wherein the messaging user interface includes a respective representation of a respective other user of the plurality of other users that is distinct from the representation of messages; and 
 
 while displaying the messaging user interface:
 detecting a first user input directed to the respective representation of the respective other user of the plurality of other users; 
 in response to detecting the first user input, displaying a menu that includes activatable menu items associated with the respective other user of the plurality of other users, wherein each activatable menu item of a plurality of the activatable menu items is for interacting individually with the respective other user of the plurality of other users, and wherein the menu is overlaid on the messaging user interface, and wherein the activatable menu items associated with the respective other user of the plurality of other users in the displayed menu include an activatable menu item for initiating a payment action with the respective other user of the plurality of other users; 
 after displaying the menu, detecting a second user input selecting the activatable menu item from the displayed menu for initiating a payment action with the respective other user of the plurality of other users; and 
 in response to detecting the second user input, displaying a payment user interface configured to initiate a payment action with the respective other user of the plurality of other users, wherein the payment user interface includes an option for requesting a payment from the respective other user of the plurality of other users. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the payment action includes sending a payment to the respective other user of the plurality of other users, or requesting a payment from the respective other user of the plurality of other users. 
     
     
       3. The method of  claim 1 , comprising:
 after detecting the first user input, while displaying the menu, detecting a third user input corresponding to a messaging menu item in the menu; and 
 in response to the third user input, activating a private messaging session with the respective other user of the plurality of other users. 
 
     
     
       4. The method of  claim 3 , wherein activating a private messaging session with the respective other user of the plurality of other users includes displaying a private messaging conversation transcript of a messaging conversation between the user of the electronic device and the respective other user of the plurality of other users. 
     
     
       5. The method of  claim 1 , wherein displaying the payment user interface includes displaying the payment user interface over a portion of the messaging user interface. 
     
     
       6. The method of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the first user input is a first touch gesture comprising a tap, light press, or deep press gesture; and 
 the second user input is a second touch gesture. 
 
     
     
       7. The method of  claim 1 , comprising:
 prior to detecting completion of the payment action, detecting a fourth user input corresponding to a payment message-input area; and 
 in response to detecting the fourth user input, displaying a digital keyboard. 
 
     
     
       8. The method of  claim 1 , comprising:
 in response to detecting completion of the payment action, displaying a payment confirmation within the conversation transcript. 
 
     
     
       9. An electronic device, comprising:
 a display; 
 a touch-sensitive surface; 
 one or more processors; 
 memory; and 
 one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for:
 displaying a messaging user interface of a messaging application on the display, the messaging user interface including a conversation transcript of a messaging session between a user of the electronic device and a plurality of other users and a message-input area, the conversation transcript of the messaging session including representations of messages, wherein the messaging user interface includes a respective representation of a respective other user of the plurality of other users that is distinct from the representations of messages; and 
 while displaying the messaging user interface:
 detecting a first user input directed to the respective representation of the respective other user of the plurality of other users; 
 in response to detecting the first user input, displaying a menu that includes activatable menu items associated with the respective other user of the plurality of other users, wherein each activatable menu item of a plurality of the activatable menu items is for interacting individually with the respective other user of the plurality of other users, and wherein the menu is overlaid on the messaging user interface, and wherein the activatable menu items associated with the respective other user of the plurality of other users in the displayed menu include an activatable menu item for initiating a payment action with the respective other user of the plurality of other users; 
 after displaying the menu, detecting a second user input selecting the activatable menu item from the displayed menu for initiating a payment action with the respective other user of the plurality of other users; and 
 in response to detecting the second user input, displaying a payment user interface configured to initiate a payment action with the respective other user of the plurality of other users, wherein the payment user interface includes an option for requesting a payment from the respective other user of the plurality of other users. 
 
 
 
     
     
       10. The electronic device of  claim 9 , wherein the payment action includes sending a payment to the respective other user of the plurality of other users, or requesting a payment from the respective other user of the plurality of other users. 
     
     
       11. The electronic device of  claim 9 , wherein the one or more programs include instructions for:
 after detecting the first user input, while displaying the menu, detecting a third user input corresponding to a messaging menu item in the menu; and 
 in response to the third user input, activating a private messaging session with the respective other user of the plurality of other users. 
 
     
     
       12. The electronic device of  claim 11 , wherein activating a private messaging session with the respective other user of the plurality of other users includes displaying a private messaging conversation transcript of a messaging conversation between the user of the electronic device and the respective other user of the plurality of other users. 
     
     
       13. The electronic device of  claim 9 , wherein displaying the payment user interface includes displaying the payment user interface over a portion of the messaging user interface. 
     
     
       14. The electronic device of  claim 9 , wherein:
 the first user input is a first touch gesture comprising a tap, light press, or deep press gesture; and 
 the second user input is a second touch gesture. 
 
     
     
       15. The electronic device of  claim 9 , wherein the one or more programs include instructions for:
 prior to detecting completion of the payment action, detecting a fourth user input corresponding to a payment message-input area; and 
 in response to detecting the fourth user input, displaying a digital keyboard. 
 
     
     
       16. The electronic device of  claim 9 , wherein the one or more programs include instructions for:
 in response to detecting completion of the payment action, displaying a payment confirmation within the conversation transcript. 
 
     
     
       17. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions, which when executed by an electronic device with a display, and a touch-sensitive surface, cause the electronic device to:
 display a messaging user interface of a messaging application on the display, the messaging user interface including a conversation transcript of a messaging session between a user of the electronic device and a plurality of other users and a message-input area, the conversation transcript of the messaging session including representations of messages, wherein the messaging user interface includes a respective representation of a respective other user of the plurality of other users that is distinct from the representations of messages; and 
 while displaying the messaging user interface:
 detect a first user input directed to the respective representation of the respective other user of the plurality of other users; 
 in response to detecting the first user input, display a menu that includes activatable menu items associated with the respective other user of the plurality of other users, wherein each activatable menu item of a plurality of the activatable menu items is for interacting individually with the respective other user of the plurality of other users, and wherein the menu is overlaid on the messaging user interface, and wherein the activatable menu items associated with the respective other user of the plurality of other users in the displayed menu include an activatable menu item for initiating a payment action with the respective other user of the plurality of other users; 
 after displaying the menu, detect a second user input selecting the activatable menu item from the displayed menu for initiating a payment action with the respective other user of the plurality of other users; and 
 in response to detecting the second user input, display a payment user interface configured to initiate a payment action with the respective other user of the plurality of other users, wherein the payment user interface includes an option for requesting a payment from the respective other user of the plurality of other users. 
 
 
     
     
       18. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 17 , wherein the payment action includes sending a payment to the respective other user of the plurality of other users, or requesting a payment from the respective other user of the plurality of other users. 
     
     
       19. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 17 , wherein the one or more programs include instructions, which when executed by the electronic device, cause the electronic device to:
 after detecting the first user input, while displaying the menu, detect a third user input corresponding to a messaging menu item in the menu; and 
 in response to the third user input, activate a private messaging session with the respective other user of the plurality of other users. 
 
     
     
       20. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 19 , wherein activating a private messaging session with the respective other user of the plurality of other users includes displaying a private messaging conversation transcript of a messaging conversation between the user of the electronic device and the respective other user of the plurality of other users.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/544,787, filed Aug. 19, 2019, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/194,237, filed Nov. 16, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,949,081, which is a continuation of PCT International Application Serial No. PCT/US2017/033396, filed May 18, 2017, which claims priority to: (1) Denmark Application No. 201670636, filed Aug. 24, 2016; (2) Denmark Application No. 201670655, filed Aug. 26, 2016; (3) U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/506,614, filed May 16, 2017; (4) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/272,399, filed Sep. 21, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,959,037 (and previously published as US2017/0336958A1), (5) U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/349,114, filed Jun. 12, 2016; (6) U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/349,116, filed Jun. 12, 2016; (7) U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/339,078, filed May 19, 2016; and (8) U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/338,502, filed May 18, 2016, entitled “Devices, Methods, and Graphical User Interfaces for Messaging,” which are all incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This relates generally to electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces, including but not limited to electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces that send and receive messages, such as instant messages. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The use of touch-sensitive surfaces as input devices for computers and other electronic computing devices has increased significantly in recent years. Exemplary touch-sensitive surfaces include touchpads and touch-screen displays. Such devices are often used to send messages, such as instant messages, between users using messaging applications. 
     But current messaging applications have numerous drawbacks and limitations. For example, they are limited in their ability to easily: acknowledge messages; edit previously sent messages; express what a user is trying to communicate; display private messages; synchronize viewing of content between users; incorporate handwritten inputs; quickly locate content in a message transcript; integrate a camera; integrate search and sharing; integrate interactive applications; integrate stickers; make payments; interact with avatars; make suggestions; navigate among interactive applications; manage interactive applications; translate foreign language text; combine messages into a group; and flag messages. 
     SUMMARY 
     Accordingly, there is a need for electronic devices with improved methods and interfaces for messaging. Such methods and interfaces optionally complement or replace conventional methods for messaging. Such methods and interfaces change the number, extent, and/or nature of the inputs from a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges. 
     The above deficiencies and other problems associated with user interfaces for electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces are reduced or eliminated by the disclosed devices. In some embodiments, the device is a desktop computer. In some embodiments, the device is portable (e.g., a notebook computer, tablet computer, or handheld device). In some embodiments, the device is a personal electronic device (e.g., a wearable electronic device, such as a watch). In some embodiments, the device has a touchpad. In some embodiments, the device has a touch-sensitive display (also known as a “touch screen” or “touch-screen display”). In some embodiments, the device has a graphical user interface (GUI), one or more processors, memory and one or more modules, programs or sets of instructions stored in the memory for performing multiple functions. In some embodiments, the user interacts with the GUI primarily through stylus and/or finger contacts and gestures on the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the functions optionally include image editing, drawing, presenting, word processing, spreadsheet making, game playing, telephoning, video conferencing, e-mailing, instant messaging, workout support, digital photographing, digital videoing, web browsing, digital music playing, note taking, and/or digital video playing. Executable instructions for performing these functions are, optionally, included in a non-transitory computer readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors. 
     There is a need for electronic devices with improved methods and interfaces for initiating payments through a messaging application. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for initiating payments through a messaging application. Such methods and interfaces reduce the number, extent, and/or the nature of the inputs from a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with one or more processors, memory, a touch-sensitive surface, and a display. The device displays a messaging user interface of a messaging application on the display, the messaging user interface including a conversation transcript of a messaging session between a user of the electronic device and at least one other user and a message-input area, wherein each of the other users included in the messaging session has a corresponding avatar. While displaying the messaging user interface, the device detects a first user input while a focus selector is at a first location in the messaging user interface that corresponds to an avatar of a first other user included in the messaging session. In response to detecting the first user input, the device displays a menu that contains activatable menu items associated with the first other user overlaid on the messaging user interface, the displayed menu including an activatable menu item for initiating a payment action with the first other user. While displaying the menu that contains activatable menu items associated with the first other user, the device detects a second user input while a focus selector is at a second location in the messaging user interface that corresponds to the activatable menu item for initiating a payment action with the first other user. In response to detecting the second user input, the device displays a user interface configured to initiate sending of a payment to, and/or requesting a payment from, the first other user. 
     In some embodiments, there is an electronic device, with a display unit configured to display user interfaces; a touch-sensitive surface unit configured to detect contacts; and a processing unit coupled with the display unit and the touch-sensitive surface unit. The processing unit enables display of a messaging user interface of a messaging application on the display unit, the messaging user interface including a conversation transcript of a messaging session between a user of the electronic device and at least one other user and a message-input area, wherein each of the other users included in the messaging session has a corresponding avatar. While displaying the messaging user interface, the processing unit detects a first user input while a focus selector is at a first location in the messaging user interface that corresponds to an avatar of a first other user included in the messaging session. In response to detecting the first user input, the processing unit enables display of a menu that contains activatable menu items associated with the first other user overlaid on the messaging user interface, the displayed menu including an activatable menu item for initiating a payment action with the first other user. While displaying the menu that contains activatable menu items associated with the first other user, the processing unit detects a second user input while a focus selector is at a second location in the messaging user interface that corresponds to the activatable menu item for initiating a payment action with the first other user. In response to detecting the second user input, the processing unit enables display of a user interface configured to initiate sending of a payment to, and/or requesting a payment from, the first other user. 
     Thus, electronic devices with displays and touch-sensitive surfaces are provided with improved methods and interfaces for initiating payments through a messaging application, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for initiating payments through messaging applications. 
     Thus, electronic devices with displays, touch-sensitive surfaces and optionally one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface are provided with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for messaging, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for messaging. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a better understanding of the various described embodiments, reference should be made to the Description of Embodiments below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures. 
         FIG.  1 A  is a block diagram illustrating a portable multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  1 B  is a block diagram illustrating example components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  2    illustrates a portable multifunction device having a touch screen in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  3    is a block diagram of an example multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  4 A  illustrates an example user interface for a menu of applications on a portable multifunction device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  4 B  illustrates an example user interface for a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS.  4 C- 4 E  illustrate examples of dynamic intensity thresholds in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS.  5 A- 5 K  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for displaying message transcripts and message acknowledgments. 
         FIGS.  5 L- 5 T  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for editing previously sent messages while displaying a message transcript. 
         FIGS.  6 A- 6 CC  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for interacting with other users of a messaging transcript through an avatar in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  7    is a flow diagram illustrating a method of making payments from a messaging application in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  8    is a functional block diagram of an electronic device in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     The methods, devices, and GUIs described herein improve messaging in multiple ways. For example, they make it easier to: acknowledge messages; edit previously sent messages; express what a user is trying to communicate; display private messages; synchronize viewing of content between users; incorporate handwritten inputs; quickly locate content in a message transcript; integrate a camera; integrate search and sharing; integrate interactive applications; integrate stickers; make payments; interact with avatars; make suggestions; navigate among interactive applications; manage interactive applications; translate foreign language text; combine messages into a group; and flag messages. 
     EXAMPLE DEVICES 
     Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the various described embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments. 
     It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. are, in some instances, used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first contact could be termed a second contact, and, similarly, a second contact could be termed a first contact, without departing from the scope of the various described embodiments. The first contact and the second contact are both contacts, but they are not the same contact, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. 
     The terminology used in the description of the various described embodiments herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various described embodiments and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     As used herein, the term “if” is, optionally, construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” is, optionally, construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event],” depending on the context. 
     Embodiments of electronic devices, user interfaces for such devices, and associated processes for using such devices are described. In some embodiments, the device is a portable communications device, such as a mobile telephone, that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/or music player functions. Example embodiments of portable multifunction devices include, without limitation, the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California. Other portable electronic devices, such as laptops or tablet computers with touch-sensitive surfaces (e.g., touch-screen displays and/or touchpads), are, optionally, used. It should also be understood that, in some embodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but is a desktop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch-screen display and/or a touchpad). 
     In the discussion that follows, an electronic device that includes a display and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should be understood, however, that the electronic device optionally includes one or more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physical keyboard, a mouse and/or a joystick. 
     In addition to a messaging application, the device typically supports a variety of other applications, such as one or more of the following: a note taking application, a drawing application, a presentation application, a word processing application, a website creation application, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheet application, a gaming application, a telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail application, a workout support application, a photo management application, a digital camera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing application, a digital music player application, and/or a digital video player application. 
     The various applications that are executed on the device optionally use at least one common physical user-interface device, such as the touch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitive surface as well as corresponding information displayed on the device are, optionally, adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physical architecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the device optionally supports the variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and transparent to the user. 
     Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable devices with touch-sensitive displays.  FIG.  1 A  is a block diagram illustrating portable multifunction device  100  with touch-sensitive display system  112  in accordance with some embodiments. Touch-sensitive display system  112  is sometimes called a “touch screen” for convenience, and is sometimes simply called a touch-sensitive display. Device  100  includes memory  102  (which optionally includes one or more computer readable storage mediums), memory controller  120 , one or more processing units (CPUs)  122 , peripherals interface  118 , RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , input/output (I/O) subsystem  106 , other input or control devices  116 , and external port  124 . Device  100  optionally includes one or more optical sensors  164 . Device  100  optionally includes one or more intensity sensors  165  for detecting intensities of contacts on device  100  (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive display system  112  of device  100 ). Device  100  optionally includes one or more tactile output generators  167  for generating tactile outputs on device  100  (e.g., generating tactile outputs on a touch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive display system  112  of device  100  or touchpad  355  of device  300 ). These components optionally communicate over one or more communication buses or signal lines  103 . 
     As used in the specification and claims, the term “tactile output” refers to physical displacement of a device relative to a previous position of the device, physical displacement of a component (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface) of a device relative to another component (e.g., housing) of the device, or displacement of the component relative to a center of mass of the device that will be detected by a user with the user&#39;s sense of touch. For example, in situations where the device or the component of the device is in contact with a surface of a user that is sensitive to touch (e.g., a finger, palm, or other part of a user&#39;s hand), the tactile output generated by the physical displacement will be interpreted by the user as a tactile sensation corresponding to a perceived change in physical characteristics of the device or the component of the device. For example, movement of a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch-sensitive display or trackpad) is, optionally, interpreted by the user as a “down click” or “up click” of a physical actuator button. In some cases, a user will feel a tactile sensation such as an “down click” or “up click” even when there is no movement of a physical actuator button associated with the touch-sensitive surface that is physically pressed (e.g., displaced) by the user&#39;s movements. As another example, movement of the touch-sensitive surface is, optionally, interpreted or sensed by the user as “roughness” of the touch-sensitive surface, even when there is no change in smoothness of the touch-sensitive surface. While such interpretations of touch by a user will be subject to the individualized sensory perceptions of the user, there are many sensory perceptions of touch that are common to a large majority of users. Thus, when a tactile output is described as corresponding to a particular sensory perception of a user (e.g., an “up click,” a “down click,” “roughness”), unless otherwise stated, the generated tactile output corresponds to physical displacement of the device or a component thereof that will generate the described sensory perception for a typical (or average) user. Using tactile outputs to provide haptic feedback to a user enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. 
     It should be appreciated that device  100  is only one example of a portable multifunction device, and that device  100  optionally has more or fewer components than shown, optionally combines two or more components, or optionally has a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown in  FIG.  1 A  are implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof, including one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits. 
     Memory  102  optionally includes high-speed random access memory and optionally also includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Access to memory  102  by other components of device  100 , such as CPU(s)  122  and the peripherals interface  118 , is, optionally, controlled by memory controller  120 . 
     Peripherals interface  118  can be used to couple input and output peripherals of the device to CPU(s)  122  and memory  102 . The one or more processors  122  run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in memory  102  to perform various functions for device  100  and to process data. 
     In some embodiments, peripherals interface  118 , CPU(s)  122 , and memory controller  120  are, optionally, implemented on a single chip, such as chip  104 . In some other embodiments, they are, optionally, implemented on separate chips. 
     RF (radio frequency) circuitry  108  receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  108  converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  108  optionally includes well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RF circuitry  108  optionally communicates with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), high-speed uplink packet access (HSDPA), Evolution, Data-Only (EV-DO), HSPA, HSPA+, Dual-Cell HSPA (DC-HSPDA), long term evolution (LTE), near field communication (NFC), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11ac, IEEE 802.11ax, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document. 
     Audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , and microphone  113  provide an audio interface between a user and device  100 . Audio circuitry  110  receives audio data from peripherals interface  118 , converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to speaker  111 . Speaker  111  converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves. Audio circuitry  110  also receives electrical signals converted by microphone  113  from sound waves. Audio circuitry  110  converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to peripherals interface  118  for processing. Audio data is, optionally, retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory  102  and/or RF circuitry  108  by peripherals interface  118 . In some embodiments, audio circuitry  110  also includes a headset jack (e.g.,  212 ,  FIG.  2   ). The headset jack provides an interface between audio circuitry  110  and removable audio input/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headset with both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input (e.g., a microphone). 
     I/O subsystem  106  couples input/output peripherals on device  100 , such as touch-sensitive display system  112  and other input or control devices  116 , with peripherals interface  118 . I/O subsystem  106  optionally includes display controller  156 , optical sensor controller  158 , intensity sensor controller  159 , haptic feedback controller  161 , and one or more input controllers  160  for other input or control devices. The one or more input controllers  160  receive/send electrical signals from/to other input or control devices  116 . The other input or control devices  116  optionally include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s)  160  are, optionally, coupled with any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, infrared port, USB port, stylus, and/or a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g.,  208 ,  FIG.  2   ) optionally include an up/down button for volume control of speaker  111  and/or microphone  113 . The one or more buttons optionally include a push button (e.g.,  206 ,  FIG.  2   ). 
     Touch-sensitive display system  112  provides an input interface and an output interface between the device and a user. Display controller  156  receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to touch-sensitive display system  112 . Touch-sensitive display system  112  displays visual output to the user. The visual output optionally includes graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all of the visual output corresponds to user interface objects. As used herein, the term “affordance” refers to a user-interactive graphical user interface object (e.g., a graphical user interface object that is configured to respond to inputs directed toward the graphical user interface object). Examples of user-interactive graphical user interface objects include, without limitation, a button, slider, icon, selectable menu item, switch, hyperlink, or other user interface control. 
     Touch-sensitive display system  112  has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor or set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact. Touch-sensitive display system  112  and display controller  156  (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory  102 ) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on touch-sensitive display system  112  and converts the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages or images) that are displayed on touch-sensitive display system  112 . In an example embodiment, a point of contact between touch-sensitive display system  112  and the user corresponds to a finger of the user or a stylus. 
     Touch-sensitive display system  112  optionally uses LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED (light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologies are used in other embodiments. Touch-sensitive display system  112  and display controller  156  optionally detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of a plurality of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with touch-sensitive display system  112 . In an example embodiment, projected mutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California. 
     Touch-sensitive display system  112  optionally has a video resolution in excess of 100 dpi. In some embodiments, the touch screen video resolution is in excess of 400 dpi (e.g., 500 dpi, 800 dpi, or greater). The user optionally makes contact with touch-sensitive display system  112  using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to work with finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired by the user. 
     In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, device  100  optionally includes a touchpad (not shown) for activating or deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output. The touchpad is, optionally, a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from touch-sensitive display system  112  or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen. 
     Device  100  also includes power system  162  for powering the various components. Power system  162  optionally includes a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices. 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more optical sensors  164 .  FIG.  1 A  shows an optical sensor coupled with optical sensor controller  158  in I/O subsystem  106 . Optical sensor(s)  164  optionally include charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistors. Optical sensor(s)  164  receive light from the environment, projected through one or more lens, and converts the light to data representing an image. In conjunction with imaging module  143  (also called a camera module), optical sensor(s)  164  optionally capture still images and/or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch-sensitive display system  112  on the front of the device, so that the touch screen is enabled for use as a viewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition. In some embodiments, another optical sensor is located on the front of the device so that the user&#39;s image is obtained (e.g., for selfies, for videoconferencing while the user views the other video conference participants on the touch screen, etc.). 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more contact intensity sensors  165 .  FIG.  1 A  shows a contact intensity sensor coupled with intensity sensor controller  159  in I/O subsystem  106 . Contact intensity sensor(s)  165  optionally include one or more piezoresistive strain gauges, capacitive force sensors, electric force sensors, piezoelectric force sensors, optical force sensors, capacitive touch-sensitive surfaces, or other intensity sensors (e.g., sensors used to measure the force (or pressure) of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface). Contact intensity sensor(s)  165  receive contact intensity information (e.g., pressure information or a proxy for pressure information) from the environment. In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112 ). In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch-screen display system  112  which is located on the front of device  100 . 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more proximity sensors  166 .  FIG.  1 A  shows proximity sensor  166  coupled with peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, proximity sensor  166  is coupled with input controller  160  in I/O subsystem  106 . In some embodiments, the proximity sensor turns off and disables touch-sensitive display system  112  when the multifunction device is placed near the user&#39;s ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call). 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more tactile output generators  167 .  FIG.  1 A  shows a tactile output generator coupled with haptic feedback controller  161  in I/O subsystem  106 . Tactile output generator(s)  167  optionally include one or more electroacoustic devices such as speakers or other audio components and/or electromechanical devices that convert energy into linear motion such as a motor, solenoid, electroactive polymer, piezoelectric actuator, electrostatic actuator, or other tactile output generating component (e.g., a component that converts electrical signals into tactile outputs on the device). Tactile output generator(s)  167  receive tactile feedback generation instructions from haptic feedback module  133  and generates tactile outputs on device  100  that are capable of being sensed by a user of device  100 . In some embodiments, at least one tactile output generator is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112 ) and, optionally, generates a tactile output by moving the touch-sensitive surface vertically (e.g., in/out of a surface of device  100 ) or laterally (e.g., back and forth in the same plane as a surface of device  100 ). In some embodiments, at least one tactile output generator sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch-sensitive display system  112 , which is located on the front of device  100 . 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more accelerometers  168 .  FIG.  1 A  shows accelerometer  168  coupled with peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, accelerometer  168  is, optionally, coupled with an input controller  160  in I/O subsystem  106 . In some embodiments, information is displayed on the touch-screen display in a portrait view or a landscape view based on an analysis of data received from the one or more accelerometers. Device  100  optionally includes, in addition to accelerometer(s)  168 , a magnetometer (not shown) and a GPS (or GLONASS or other global navigation system) receiver (not shown) for obtaining information concerning the location and orientation (e.g., portrait or landscape) of device  100 . 
     In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory  102  include operating system  126 , communication module (or set of instructions)  128 , contact/motion module (or set of instructions)  130 , graphics module (or set of instructions)  132 , haptic feedback module (or set of instructions)  133 , text input module (or set of instructions)  134 , Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set of instructions)  135 , and applications (or sets of instructions)  136 . Furthermore, in some embodiments, memory  102  stores device/global internal state  157 , as shown in  FIGS.  1 A and  3   . Device/global internal state  157  includes one or more of: active application state, indicating which applications, if any, are currently active; display state, indicating what applications, views or other information occupy various regions of touch-sensitive display system  112 ; sensor state, including information obtained from the device&#39;s various sensors and other input or control devices  116 ; and location and/or positional information concerning the device&#39;s location and/or attitude. 
     Operating system  126  (e.g., iOS, Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components. 
     Communication module  128  facilitates communication with other devices over one or more external ports  124  and also includes various software components for handling data received by RF circuitry  108  and/or external port  124 . External port  124  (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the 30-pin connector used in some iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California. In some embodiments, the external port is a Lightning connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the Lightning connector used in some iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California. 
     Contact/motion module  130  optionally detects contact with touch-sensitive display system  112  (in conjunction with display controller  156 ) and other touch-sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). Contact/motion module  130  includes various software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact (e.g., by a finger or by a stylus), such as determining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-down event), determining an intensity of the contact (e.g., the force or pressure of the contact or a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact), determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact). Contact/motion module  130  receives contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which is represented by a series of contact data, optionally includes determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. These operations are, optionally, applied to single contacts (e.g., one finger contacts or stylus contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g., “multitouch”/multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments, contact/motion module  130  and display controller  156  detect contact on a touchpad. 
     Contact/motion module  130  optionally detects a gesture input by a user. Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contact patterns (e.g., different motions, timings, and/or intensities of detected contacts). Thus, a gesture is, optionally, detected by detecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a finger tap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event at the same position (or substantially the same position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequently followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event. Similarly, tap, swipe, drag, and other gestures are optionally detected for a stylus by detecting a particular contact pattern for the stylus. 
     In some embodiments, detecting a finger tap gesture depends on the length of time between detecting the finger-down event and the finger-up event, but is independent of the intensity of the finger contact between detecting the finger-down event and the finger-up event. In some embodiments, a tap gesture is detected in accordance with a determination that the length of time between the finger-down event and the finger-up event is less than a predetermined value (e.g., less than 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 or 0.5 seconds), independent of whether the intensity of the finger contact during the tap meets a given intensity threshold (greater than a nominal contact-detection intensity threshold), such as a light press or deep press intensity threshold. Thus, a finger tap gesture can satisfy particular input criteria that do not require that the characteristic intensity of a contact satisfy a given intensity threshold in order for the particular input criteria to be met. For clarity, the finger contact in a tap gesture typically needs to satisfy a nominal contact-detection intensity threshold, below which the contact is not detected, in order for the finger-down event to be detected. A similar analysis applies to detecting a tap gesture by a stylus or other contact. In cases where the device is capable of detecting a finger or stylus contact hovering over a touch sensitive surface, the nominal contact-detection intensity threshold optionally does not correspond to physical contact between the finger or stylus and the touch sensitive surface. 
     The same concepts apply in an analogous manner to other types of gestures. For example, a swipe gesture, a pinch gesture, a depinch gesture, and/or a long press gesture are optionally detected based on the satisfaction of criteria that are either independent of intensities of contacts included in the gesture, or do not require that contact(s) that perform the gesture reach intensity thresholds in order to be recognized. For example, a swipe gesture is detected based on an amount of movement of one or more contacts; a pinch gesture is detected based on movement of two or more contacts towards each other; a depinch gesture is detected based on movement of two or more contacts away from each other; and a long press gesture is detected based on a duration of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface with less than a threshold amount of movement. As such, the statement that particular gesture recognition criteria do not require that the intensity of the contact(s) meet a respective intensity threshold in order for the particular gesture recognition criteria to be met means that the particular gesture recognition criteria are capable of being satisfied if the contact(s) in the gesture do not reach the respective intensity threshold, and are also capable of being satisfied in circumstances where one or more of the contacts in the gesture do reach or exceed the respective intensity threshold. In some embodiments, a tap gesture is detected based on a determination that the finger-down and finger-up event are detected within a predefined time period, without regard to whether the contact is above or below the respective intensity threshold during the predefined time period, and a swipe gesture is detected based on a determination that the contact movement is greater than a predefined magnitude, even if the contact is above the respective intensity threshold at the end of the contact movement. Even in implementations where detection of a gesture is influenced by the intensities of contacts performing the gesture (e.g., the device detects a long press more quickly when the intensity of the contact is above an intensity threshold or delays detection of a tap input when the intensity of the contact is higher), the detection of those gestures does not require that the contacts reach a particular intensity threshold so long as the criteria for recognizing the gesture can be met in circumstances where the contact does not reach the particular intensity threshold (e.g., even if the amount of time that it takes to recognize the gesture changes). 
     Contact intensity thresholds, duration thresholds, and movement thresholds are, in some circumstances, combined in a variety of different combinations in order to create heuristics for distinguishing two or more different gestures directed to the same input element or region so that multiple different interactions with the same input element are enabled to provide a richer set of user interactions and responses. The statement that a particular set of gesture recognition criteria do not require that the intensity of the contact(s) meet a respective intensity threshold in order for the particular gesture recognition criteria to be met does not preclude the concurrent evaluation of other intensity-dependent gesture recognition criteria to identify other gestures that do have a criteria that is met when a gesture includes a contact with an intensity above the respective intensity threshold. For example, in some circumstances, first gesture recognition criteria for a first gesture—which do not require that the intensity of the contact(s) meet a respective intensity threshold in order for the first gesture recognition criteria to be met—are in competition with second gesture recognition criteria for a second gesture—which are dependent on the contact(s) reaching the respective intensity threshold. In such competitions, the gesture is, optionally, not recognized as meeting the first gesture recognition criteria for the first gesture if the second gesture recognition criteria for the second gesture are met first. For example, if a contact reaches the respective intensity threshold before the contact moves by a predefined amount of movement, a deep press gesture is detected rather than a swipe gesture. Conversely, if the contact moves by the predefined amount of movement before the contact reaches the respective intensity threshold, a swipe gesture is detected rather than a deep press gesture. Even in such circumstances, the first gesture recognition criteria for the first gesture still do not require that the intensity of the contact(s) meet a respective intensity threshold in order for the first gesture recognition criteria to be met because if the contact stayed below the respective intensity threshold until an end of the gesture (e.g., a swipe gesture with a contact that does not increase to an intensity above the respective intensity threshold), the gesture would have been recognized by the first gesture recognition criteria as a swipe gesture. As such, particular gesture recognition criteria that do not require that the intensity of the contact(s) meet a respective intensity threshold in order for the particular gesture recognition criteria to be met will (A) in some circumstances ignore the intensity of the contact with respect to the intensity threshold (e.g. for a tap gesture) and/or (B) in some circumstances still be dependent on the intensity of the contact with respect to the intensity threshold in the sense that the particular gesture recognition criteria (e.g., for a long press gesture) will fail if a competing set of intensity-dependent gesture recognition criteria (e.g., for a deep press gesture) recognize an input as corresponding to an intensity-dependent gesture before the particular gesture recognition criteria recognize a gesture corresponding to the input (e.g., for a long press gesture that is competing with a deep press gesture for recognition). 
     Graphics module  132  includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics on touch-sensitive display system  112  or other display, including components for changing the visual impact (e.g., brightness, transparency, saturation, contrast or other visual property) of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics” includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including without limitation text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations and the like. 
     In some embodiments, graphics module  132  stores data representing graphics to be used. Each graphic is, optionally, assigned a corresponding code. Graphics module  132  receives, from applications etc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with, if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and then generates screen image data to output to display controller  156 . 
     Haptic feedback module  133  includes various software components for generating instructions used by tactile output generator(s)  167  to produce tactile outputs at one or more locations on device  100  in response to user interactions with device  100 . 
     Text input module  134 , which is, optionally, a component of graphics module  132 , provides soft keyboards for entering text in various applications (e.g., contacts  137 , e-mail  140 , IM  141 , browser  147 , and any other application that needs text input). 
     GPS module  135  determines the location of the device and provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone  138  for use in location-based dialing, to camera  143  as picture/video metadata, and to applications that provide location-based services such as weather widgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets). 
     Applications  136  optionally include the following modules (or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof:
         contacts module  137  (sometimes called an address book or contact list);   telephone module  138 ;   video conferencing module  139 ;   e-mail client module  140 ;   instant messaging (IM) module  141 ;   news module  142 ;   camera module  143  for still and/or video images;   image management module  144 ;   browser module  147 ;   calendar module  148 ;   widget modules  149 , which optionally include one or more of: weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  149 - 3 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , dictionary widget  149 - 5 , and other widgets obtained by the user, as well as user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   widget creator module  150  for making user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   search module  151 ;   video and music player module  152 , which is, optionally, made up of a video player module and a music player module;   notes module  153 ;   map module  154 ; and/or online video module  155 .       

     Examples of other applications  136  that are, optionally, stored in memory  102  include other word processing applications, other image editing applications, drawing applications, presentation applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice replication. 
     In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , contacts module  137  includes executable instructions to manage an address book or contact list (e.g., stored in application internal state  192  of contacts module  137  in memory  102  or memory  370 ), including: adding name(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book; associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or other information with a name; associating an image with a name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers and/or e-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications by telephone  138 , video conference  139 , e-mail  140 , or IM  141 ; and so forth. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , telephone module  138  includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers in address book  137 , modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation and disconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As noted above, the wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor(s)  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , contact list  137 , and telephone module  138 , videoconferencing module  139  includes executable instructions to initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user and one or more other participants in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140  includes executable instructions to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response to user instructions. In conjunction with image management module  144 , e-mail client module  140  makes it very easy to create and send e-mails with still or video images taken with camera module  143 . 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the instant messaging module  141  includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to an instant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit a respective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service (SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-based instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, Apple Push Notification Service (APNs) or IMPS for Internet-based instant messages), to receive instant messages, to view received instant messages, and to perform the functions of the messaging application described in greater detail below. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or received instant messages optionally include graphics, photos, audio files, video files and/or other attachments as are supported in a MMS and/or an Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging” refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, APNs, or IMPS). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , map module  154 , and video and music player module  152 , news module  142  includes executable instructions to create workouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burning goals); communicate with workout sensors (in sports devices and smart watches); receive workout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout; select and play music for a workout; and display, store and transmit workout data. 
     In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor(s)  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and image management module  144 , camera module  143  includes executable instructions to capture still images or video (including a video stream) and store them into memory  102 , modify characteristics of a still image or video, and/or delete a still image or video from memory  102 . 
     In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and camera module  143 , image management module  144  includes executable instructions to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/or video images. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , browser module  147  includes executable instructions to browse the Internet in accordance with user instructions, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portions thereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , calendar module  148  includes executable instructions to create, display, modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendar entries, to do lists, etc.) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , widget modules  149  are mini-applications that are, optionally, downloaded and used by a user (e.g., weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  149 - 3 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , and dictionary widget  149 - 5 ) or created by the user (e.g., user-created widget  149 - 6 ). In some embodiments, a widget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In some embodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , the widget creator module  150  includes executable instructions to create widgets (e.g., turning a user-specified portion of a web page into a widget). 
     In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , search module  151  includes executable instructions to search for text, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory  102  that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , and browser module  147 , video and music player module  152  includes executable instructions that allow the user to download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, and executable instructions to display, present or otherwise play back videos (e.g., on touch-sensitive display system  112 , or on an external display connected wirelessly or via external port  124 ). In some embodiments, device  100  optionally includes the functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.). 
     In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , notes module  153  includes executable instructions to create and manage notes, to do lists, and the like in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , and browser module  147 , map module  154  includes executable instructions to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data associated with maps (e.g., driving directions; data on stores and other points of interest at or near a particular location; and other location-based data) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , online video module  155  includes executable instructions that allow the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen  112 , or on an external display connected wirelessly or via external port  124 ), send an e-mail with a link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats, such as H.264. In some embodiments, instant messaging module  141 , rather than e-mail client module  140 , is used to send a link to a particular online video. 
     Each of the above identified modules and applications correspond to a set of executable instructions for performing one or more functions described above and the methods described in this application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods described herein). These modules (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  102  optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  102  optionally stores additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     In some embodiments, device  100  is a device where operation of a predefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/or a touchpad as the primary input control device for operation of device  100 , the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) on device  100  is, optionally, reduced. 
     The predefined set of functions that are performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad optionally include navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by the user, navigates device  100  to a main, home, or root menu from any user interface that is displayed on device  100 . In such embodiments, a “menu button” is implemented using a touchpad. In some other embodiments, the menu button is a physical push button or other physical input control device instead of a touchpad. 
       FIG.  1 B  is a block diagram illustrating example components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  102  (in  FIG.  1 A ) or  370  ( FIG.  3   ) includes event sorter  170  (e.g., in operating system  126 ) and a respective application  136 - 1  (e.g., any of the aforementioned applications  136 ,  137 - 155 ,  380 - 390 ). 
     Event sorter  170  receives event information and determines the application  136 - 1  and application view  191  of application  136 - 1  to which to deliver the event information. Event sorter  170  includes event monitor  171  and event dispatcher module  174 . In some embodiments, application  136 - 1  includes application internal state  192 , which indicates the current application view(s) displayed on touch-sensitive display system  112  when the application is active or executing. In some embodiments, device/global internal state  157  is used by event sorter  170  to determine which application(s) is (are) currently active, and application internal state  192  is used by event sorter  170  to determine application views  191  to which to deliver event information. 
     In some embodiments, application internal state  192  includes additional information, such as one or more of: resume information to be used when application  136 - 1  resumes execution, user interface state information that indicates information being displayed or that is ready for display by application  136 - 1 , a state queue for enabling the user to go back to a prior state or view of application  136 - 1 , and a redo/undo queue of previous actions taken by the user. 
     Event monitor  171  receives event information from peripherals interface  118 . Event information includes information about a sub-event (e.g., a user touch on touch-sensitive display system  112 , as part of a multi-touch gesture). Peripherals interface  118  transmits information it receives from I/O subsystem  106  or a sensor, such as proximity sensor  166 , accelerometer(s)  168 , and/or microphone  113  (through audio circuitry  110 ). Information that peripherals interface  118  receives from I/O subsystem  106  includes information from touch-sensitive display system  112  or a touch-sensitive surface. 
     In some embodiments, event monitor  171  sends requests to the peripherals interface  118  at predetermined intervals. In response, peripherals interface  118  transmits event information. In other embodiments, peripheral interface  118  transmits event information only when there is a significant event (e.g., receiving an input above a predetermined noise threshold and/or for more than a predetermined duration). 
     In some embodiments, event sorter  170  also includes a hit view determination module  172  and/or an active event recognizer determination module  173 . 
     Hit view determination module  172  provides software procedures for determining where a sub-event has taken place within one or more views, when touch-sensitive display system  112  displays more than one view. Views are made up of controls and other elements that a user can see on the display. 
     Another aspect of the user interface associated with an application is a set of views, sometimes herein called application views or user interface windows, in which information is displayed and touch-based gestures occur. The application views (of a respective application) in which a touch is detected optionally correspond to programmatic levels within a programmatic or view hierarchy of the application. For example, the lowest level view in which a touch is detected is, optionally, called the hit view, and the set of events that are recognized as proper inputs are, optionally, determined based, at least in part, on the hit view of the initial touch that begins a touch-based gesture. 
     Hit view determination module  172  receives information related to sub-events of a touch-based gesture. When an application has multiple views organized in a hierarchy, hit view determination module  172  identifies a hit view as the lowest view in the hierarchy which should handle the sub-event. In most circumstances, the hit view is the lowest level view in which an initiating sub-event occurs (i.e., the first sub-event in the sequence of sub-events that form an event or potential event). Once the hit view is identified by the hit view determination module, the hit view typically receives all sub-events related to the same touch or input source for which it was identified as the hit view. 
     Active event recognizer determination module  173  determines which view or views within a view hierarchy should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In some embodiments, active event recognizer determination module  173  determines that only the hit view should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, active event recognizer determination module  173  determines that all views that include the physical location of a sub-event are actively involved views, and therefore determines that all actively involved views should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, even if touch sub-events were entirely confined to the area associated with one particular view, views higher in the hierarchy would still remain as actively involved views. 
     Event dispatcher module  174  dispatches the event information to an event recognizer (e.g., event recognizer  180 ). In embodiments including active event recognizer determination module  173 , event dispatcher module  174  delivers the event information to an event recognizer determined by active event recognizer determination module  173 . In some embodiments, event dispatcher module  174  stores in an event queue the event information, which is retrieved by a respective event receiver module  182 . 
     In some embodiments, operating system  126  includes event sorter  170 . Alternatively, application  136 - 1  includes event sorter  170 . In yet other embodiments, event sorter  170  is a stand-alone module, or a part of another module stored in memory  102 , such as contact/motion module  130 . 
     In some embodiments, application  136 - 1  includes a plurality of event handlers  190  and one or more application views  191 , each of which includes instructions for handling touch events that occur within a respective view of the application&#39;s user interface. Each application view  191  of the application  136 - 1  includes one or more event recognizers  180 . Typically, a respective application view  191  includes a plurality of event recognizers  180 . In other embodiments, one or more of event recognizers  180  are part of a separate module, such as a user interface kit (not shown) or a higher level object from which application  136 - 1  inherits methods and other properties. In some embodiments, a respective event handler  190  includes one or more of: data updater  176 , object updater  177 , GUI updater  178 , and/or event data  179  received from event sorter  170 . Event handler  190  optionally utilizes or calls data updater  176 , object updater  177  or GUI updater  178  to update the application internal state  192 . Alternatively, one or more of the application views  191  includes one or more respective event handlers  190 . Also, in some embodiments, one or more of data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178  are included in a respective application view  191 . 
     A respective event recognizer  180  receives event information (e.g., event data  179 ) from event sorter  170 , and identifies an event from the event information. Event recognizer  180  includes event receiver  182  and event comparator  184 . In some embodiments, event recognizer  180  also includes at least a subset of: metadata  183 , and event delivery instructions  188  (which optionally include sub-event delivery instructions). 
     Event receiver  182  receives event information from event sorter  170 . The event information includes information about a sub-event, for example, a touch or a touch movement. Depending on the sub-event, the event information also includes additional information, such as location of the sub-event. When the sub-event concerns motion of a touch, the event information optionally also includes speed and direction of the sub-event. In some embodiments, events include rotation of the device from one orientation to another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to a landscape orientation, or vice versa), and the event information includes corresponding information about the current orientation (also called device attitude) of the device. 
     Event comparator  184  compares the event information to predefined event or sub-event definitions and, based on the comparison, determines an event or sub-event, or determines or updates the state of an event or sub-event. In some embodiments, event comparator  184  includes event definitions  186 . Event definitions  186  contain definitions of events (e.g., predefined sequences of sub-events), for example, event  1  ( 187 - 1 ), event  2  ( 187 - 2 ), and others. In some embodiments, sub-events in an event  187  include, for example, touch begin, touch end, touch movement, touch cancellation, and multiple touching. In one example, the definition for event  1  ( 187 - 1 ) is a double tap on a displayed object. The double tap, for example, comprises a first touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a first lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase, a second touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, and a second lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase. In another example, the definition for event  2  ( 187 - 2 ) is a dragging on a displayed object. The dragging, for example, comprises a touch (or contact) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a movement of the touch across touch-sensitive display system  112 , and lift-off of the touch (touch end). In some embodiments, the event also includes information for one or more associated event handlers  190 . 
     In some embodiments, event definition  187  includes a definition of an event for a respective user-interface object. In some embodiments, event comparator  184  performs a hit test to determine which user-interface object is associated with a sub-event. For example, in an application view in which three user-interface objects are displayed on touch-sensitive display system  112 , when a touch is detected on touch-sensitive display system  112 , event comparator  184  performs a hit test to determine which of the three user-interface objects is associated with the touch (sub-event). If each displayed object is associated with a respective event handler  190 , the event comparator uses the result of the hit test to determine which event handler  190  should be activated. For example, event comparator  184  selects an event handler associated with the sub-event and the object triggering the hit test. 
     In some embodiments, the definition for a respective event  187  also includes delayed actions that delay delivery of the event information until after it has been determined whether the sequence of sub-events does or does not correspond to the event recognizer&#39;s event type. 
     When a respective event recognizer  180  determines that the series of sub-events do not match any of the events in event definitions  186 , the respective event recognizer  180  enters an event impossible, event failed, or event ended state, after which it disregards subsequent sub-events of the touch-based gesture. In this situation, other event recognizers, if any, that remain active for the hit view continue to track and process sub-events of an ongoing touch-based gesture. 
     In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  includes metadata  183  with configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how the event delivery system should perform sub-event delivery to actively involved event recognizers. In some embodiments, metadata  183  includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how event recognizers interact, or are enabled to interact, with one another. In some embodiments, metadata  183  includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate whether sub-events are delivered to varying levels in the view or programmatic hierarchy. 
     In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  activates event handler  190  associated with an event when one or more particular sub-events of an event are recognized. In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  delivers event information associated with the event to event handler  190 . Activating an event handler  190  is distinct from sending (and deferred sending) sub-events to a respective hit view. In some embodiments, event recognizer  180  throws a flag associated with the recognized event, and event handler  190  associated with the flag catches the flag and performs a predefined process. 
     In some embodiments, event delivery instructions  188  include sub-event delivery instructions that deliver event information about a sub-event without activating an event handler. Instead, the sub-event delivery instructions deliver event information to event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or to actively involved views. Event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or with actively involved views receive the event information and perform a predetermined process. 
     In some embodiments, data updater  176  creates and updates data used in application  136 - 1 . For example, data updater  176  updates the telephone number used in contacts module  137 , or stores a video file used in video and music player module  152 . In some embodiments, object updater  177  creates and updates objects used in application  136 - 1 . For example, object updater  177  creates a new user-interface object or updates the position of a user-interface object. GUI updater  178  updates the GUI. For example, GUI updater  178  prepares display information and sends it to graphics module  132  for display on a touch-sensitive display. 
     In some embodiments, event handler(s)  190  includes or has access to data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178 . In some embodiments, data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178  are included in a single module of a respective application  136 - 1  or application view  191 . In other embodiments, they are included in two or more software modules. 
     It shall be understood that the foregoing discussion regarding event handling of user touches on touch-sensitive displays also applies to other forms of user inputs to operate multifunction devices  100  with input-devices, not all of which are initiated on touch screens. For example, mouse movement and mouse button presses, optionally coordinated with single or multiple keyboard presses or holds; contact movements such as taps, drags, scrolls, etc., on touch-pads; pen stylus inputs; movement of the device; oral instructions; detected eye movements; biometric inputs; and/or any combination thereof are optionally utilized as inputs corresponding to sub-events which define an event to be recognized. 
       FIG.  2    illustrates a portable multifunction device  100  having a touch screen (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112 ,  FIG.  1 A ) in accordance with some embodiments. The touch screen optionally displays one or more graphics within user interface (UI)  200 . In this embodiment, as well as others described below, a user is enabled to select one or more of the graphics by making a gesture on the graphics, for example, with one or more fingers  202  (not drawn to scale in the figure) or one or more styluses  203  (not drawn to scale in the figure). In some embodiments, selection of one or more graphics occurs when the user breaks contact with the one or more graphics. In some embodiments, the gesture optionally includes one or more taps, one or more swipes (from left to right, right to left, upward and/or downward) and/or a rolling of a finger (from right to left, left to right, upward and/or downward) that has made contact with device  100 . In some implementations or circumstances, inadvertent contact with a graphic does not select the graphic. For example, a swipe gesture that sweeps over an application icon optionally does not select the corresponding application when the gesture corresponding to selection is a tap. 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more physical buttons, such as “home” or menu button  204 . As described previously, menu button  204  is, optionally, used to navigate to any application  136  in a set of applications that are, optionally executed on device  100 . Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as a soft key in a GUI displayed on the touch-screen display. 
     In some embodiments, device  100  includes the touch-screen display, menu button  204 , push button  206  for powering the device on/off and locking the device, volume adjustment button(s)  208 , Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card slot  210 , head set jack  212 , and docking/charging external port  124 . Push button  206  is, optionally, used to turn the power on/off on the device by depressing the button and holding the button in the depressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by depressing the button and releasing the button before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an unlock process. In some embodiments, device  100  also accepts verbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions through microphone  113 . Device  100  also, optionally, includes one or more contact intensity sensors  165  for detecting intensities of contacts on touch-sensitive display system  112  and/or one or more tactile output generators  167  for generating tactile outputs for a user of device  100 . 
       FIG.  3    is a block diagram of an example multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. Device  300  need not be portable. In some embodiments, device  300  is a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a tablet computer, a multimedia player device, a navigation device, an educational device (such as a child&#39;s learning toy), a gaming system, or a control device (e.g., a home or industrial controller). Device  300  typically includes one or more processing units (CPU&#39;s)  310 , one or more network or other communications interfaces  360 , memory  370 , and one or more communication buses  320  for interconnecting these components. Communication buses  320  optionally include circuitry (sometimes called a chipset) that interconnects and controls communications between system components. Device  300  includes input/output (I/O) interface  330  comprising display  340 , which is typically a touch-screen display. I/O interface  330  also optionally includes a keyboard and/or mouse (or other pointing device)  350  and touchpad  355 , tactile output generator  357  for generating tactile outputs on device  300  (e.g., similar to tactile output generator(s)  167  described above with reference to  FIG.  1 A ), sensors  359  (e.g., optical, acceleration, proximity, touch-sensitive, and/or contact intensity sensors similar to contact intensity sensor(s)  165  described above with reference to  FIG.  1 A ). Memory  370  includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM or other random access solid state memory devices; and optionally includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory  370  optionally includes one or more storage devices remotely located from CPU(s)  310 . In some embodiments, memory  370  stores programs, modules, and data structures analogous to the programs, modules, and data structures stored in memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100  ( FIG.  1 A ), or a subset thereof. Furthermore, memory  370  optionally stores additional programs, modules, and data structures not present in memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100 . For example, memory  370  of device  300  optionally stores drawing module  380 , presentation module  382 , word processing module  384 , website creation module  386 , disk authoring module  388 , and/or spreadsheet module  390 , while memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100  ( FIG.  1 A ) optionally does not store these modules. 
     Each of the above identified elements in  FIG.  3    are, optionally, stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices. Each of the above identified modules corresponds to a set of instructions for performing a function described above. The above identified modules or programs (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  370  optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  370  optionally stores additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) that are, optionally, implemented on portable multifunction device  100 . 
       FIG.  4 A  illustrates an example user interface for a menu of applications on portable multifunction device  100  in accordance with some embodiments. Similar user interfaces are, optionally, implemented on device  300 . In some embodiments, user interface  400  includes the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:
         Signal strength indicator(s)  402  for wireless communication(s), such as cellular and Wi-Fi signals;   Time  404 ;   Bluetooth indicator  405 ;   Battery status indicator  406 ;   Tray  408  with icons for frequently used applications, such as:
           Icon  416  for telephone module  138 , labeled “Phone,” which optionally includes an indicator  414  of the number of missed calls or voicemail messages;   Icon  418  for e-mail client module  140 , labeled “Mail,” which optionally includes an indicator  410  of the number of unread e-mails;   Icon  420  for browser module  147 , labeled “Browser;” and   Icon  422  for video and music player module  152 , also referred to as iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) module  152 , labeled “iPod;” and   
           Icons for other applications, such as:
           Icon  424  for IM module  141 , labeled “Messages;”   Icon  426  for calendar module  148 , labeled “Calendar;”   Icon  428  for image management module  144 , labeled “Photos;”   Icon  430  for camera module  143 , labeled “Camera;”   Icon  432  for online video module  155 , labeled “Online Video;”   Icon  434  for stocks widget  149 - 2 , labeled “Stocks;”   Icon  436  for map module  154 , labeled “Map;”   Icon  438  for weather widget  149 - 1 , labeled “Weather;”   Icon  440  for alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , labeled “Clock;”   Icon  442  for news module  142 , labeled “News;”   Icon  444  for notes module  153 , labeled “Notes;” and   Icon  446  for a settings application or module, which provides access to settings for device  100  and its various applications  136 .   
               

     It should be noted that the icon labels illustrated in  FIG.  4 A  are merely examples. For example, in some embodiments, icon  422  for video and music player module  152  is labeled “Music” or “Music Player.” Other labels are, optionally, used for various application icons. In some embodiments, a label for a respective application icon includes a name of an application corresponding to the respective application icon. In some embodiments, a label for a particular application icon is distinct from a name of an application corresponding to the particular application icon. 
       FIG.  4 B  illustrates an example user interface on a device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG.  3   ) with a touch-sensitive surface  451  (e.g., a tablet or touchpad  355 ,  FIG.  3   ) that is separate from the display  450 . Device  300  also, optionally, includes one or more contact intensity sensors (e.g., one or more of sensors  359 ) for detecting intensities of contacts on touch-sensitive surface  451  and/or one or more tactile output generators  357  for generating tactile outputs for a user of device  300 . 
       FIG.  4 B  illustrates an example user interface on a device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG.  3   ) with a touch-sensitive surface  451  (e.g., a tablet or touchpad  355 ,  FIG.  3   ) that is separate from the display  450 . Although many of the examples that follow will be given with reference to inputs on touch screen display  112  (where the touch sensitive surface and the display are combined), in some embodiments, the device detects inputs on a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display, as shown in  FIG.  4 B . In some embodiments, the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,  451  in  FIG.  4 B ) has a primary axis (e.g.,  452  in  FIG.  4 B ) that corresponds to a primary axis (e.g.,  453  in  FIG.  4 B ) on the display (e.g.,  450 ). In accordance with these embodiments, the device detects contacts (e.g.,  460  and  462  in  FIG.  4 B ) with the touch-sensitive surface  451  at locations that correspond to respective locations on the display (e.g., in  FIG.  4 B,  460    corresponds to  468  and  462  corresponds to  470 ). In this way, user inputs (e.g., contacts  460  and  462 , and movements thereof) detected by the device on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,  451  in  FIG.  4 B ) are used by the device to manipulate the user interface on the display (e.g.,  450  in  FIG.  4 B ) of the multifunction device when the touch-sensitive surface is separate from the display. It should be understood that similar methods are, optionally, used for other user interfaces described herein. 
     Additionally, while the following examples are given primarily with reference to finger inputs (e.g., finger contacts, finger tap gestures, finger swipe gestures, etc.), it should be understood that, in some embodiments, one or more of the finger inputs are replaced with input from another input device (e.g., a mouse based input or a stylus input). For example, a swipe gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click (e.g., instead of a contact) followed by movement of the cursor along the path of the swipe (e.g., instead of movement of the contact). As another example, a tap gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click while the cursor is located over the location of the tap gesture (e.g., instead of detection of the contact followed by ceasing to detect the contact). Similarly, when multiple user inputs are simultaneously detected, it should be understood that multiple computer mice are, optionally, used simultaneously, or a mouse and finger contacts are, optionally, used simultaneously. 
     As used herein, the term “focus selector” is an input element that indicates a current part of a user interface with which a user is interacting. In some implementations that include a cursor or other location marker, the cursor acts as a “focus selector,” so that when an input (e.g., a press input) is detected on a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touchpad  355  in  FIG.  3    or touch-sensitive surface  451  in  FIG.  4 B ) while the cursor is over a particular user interface element (e.g., a button, window, slider or other user interface element), the particular user interface element is adjusted in accordance with the detected input. In some implementations that include a touch-screen display (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112  in  FIG.  1 A  or the touch screen in  FIG.  4 A ) that enables direct interaction with user interface elements on the touch-screen display, a detected contact on the touch-screen acts as a “focus selector,” so that when an input (e.g., a press input by the contact) is detected on the touch-screen display at a location of a particular user interface element (e.g., a button, window, slider or other user interface element), the particular user interface element is adjusted in accordance with the detected input. In some implementations, focus is moved from one region of a user interface to another region of the user interface without corresponding movement of a cursor or movement of a contact on a touch-screen display (e.g., by using a tab key or arrow keys to move focus from one button to another button); in these implementations, the focus selector moves in accordance with movement of focus between different regions of the user interface. Without regard to the specific form taken by the focus selector, the focus selector is generally the user interface element (or contact on a touch-screen display) that is controlled by the user so as to communicate the user&#39;s intended interaction with the user interface (e.g., by indicating, to the device, the element of the user interface with which the user is intending to interact). For example, the location of a focus selector (e.g., a cursor, a contact, or a selection box) over a respective button while a press input is detected on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touchpad or touch screen) will indicate that the user is intending to activate the respective button (as opposed to other user interface elements shown on a display of the device). 
     As used in the specification and claims, the term “intensity” of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface refers to the force or pressure (force per unit area) of a contact (e.g., a finger contact or a stylus contact) on the touch-sensitive surface, or to a substitute (proxy) for the force or pressure of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface. The intensity of a contact has a range of values that includes at least four distinct values and more typically includes hundreds of distinct values (e.g., at least 256). Intensity of a contact is, optionally, determined (or measured) using various approaches and various sensors or combinations of sensors. For example, one or more force sensors underneath or adjacent to the touch-sensitive surface are, optionally, used to measure force at various points on the touch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, force measurements from multiple force sensors are combined (e.g., a weighted average or a sum) to determine an estimated force of a contact. Similarly, a pressure-sensitive tip of a stylus is, optionally, used to determine a pressure of the stylus on the touch-sensitive surface. Alternatively, the size of the contact area detected on the touch-sensitive surface and/or changes thereto, the capacitance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto, and/or the resistance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto are, optionally, used as a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are used directly to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is described in units corresponding to the substitute measurements). In some implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are converted to an estimated force or pressure and the estimated force or pressure is used to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is a pressure threshold measured in units of pressure). Using the intensity of a contact as an attribute of a user input allows for user access to additional device functionality that may otherwise not be readily accessible by the user on a reduced-size device with limited real estate for displaying affordances (e.g., on a touch-sensitive display) and/or receiving user input (e.g., via a touch-sensitive display, a touch-sensitive surface, or a physical/mechanical control such as a knob or a button). 
     In some embodiments, contact/motion module  130  uses a set of one or more intensity thresholds to determine whether an operation has been performed by a user (e.g., to determine whether a user has “clicked” on an icon). In some embodiments, at least a subset of the intensity thresholds are determined in accordance with software parameters (e.g., the intensity thresholds are not determined by the activation thresholds of particular physical actuators and can be adjusted without changing the physical hardware of device  100 ). For example, a mouse “click” threshold of a trackpad or touch-screen display can be set to any of a large range of predefined thresholds values without changing the trackpad or touch-screen display hardware. Additionally, in some implementations a user of the device is provided with software settings for adjusting one or more of the set of intensity thresholds (e.g., by adjusting individual intensity thresholds and/or by adjusting a plurality of intensity thresholds at once with a system-level click “intensity” parameter). 
     As used in the specification and claims, the term “characteristic intensity” of a contact is a characteristic of the contact based on one or more intensities of the contact. In some embodiments, the characteristic intensity is based on multiple intensity samples. The characteristic intensity is, optionally, based on a predefined number of intensity samples, or a set of intensity samples collected during a predetermined time period (e.g., 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 seconds) relative to a predefined event (e.g., after detecting the contact, prior to detecting liftoff of the contact, before or after detecting a start of movement of the contact, prior to detecting an end of the contact, before or after detecting an increase in intensity of the contact, and/or before or after detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact). A characteristic intensity of a contact is, optionally based on one or more of: a maximum value of the intensities of the contact, a mean value of the intensities of the contact, an average value of the intensities of the contact, a top 10 percentile value of the intensities of the contact, a value at the half maximum of the intensities of the contact, a value at the 90 percent maximum of the intensities of the contact, or the like. In some embodiments, the duration of the contact is used in determining the characteristic intensity (e.g., when the characteristic intensity is an average of the intensity of the contact over time). In some embodiments, the characteristic intensity is compared to a set of one or more intensity thresholds to determine whether an operation has been performed by a user. For example, the set of one or more intensity thresholds may include a first intensity threshold and a second intensity threshold. In this example, a contact with a characteristic intensity that does not exceed the first threshold results in a first operation, a contact with a characteristic intensity that exceeds the first intensity threshold and does not exceed the second intensity threshold results in a second operation, and a contact with a characteristic intensity that exceeds the second intensity threshold results in a third operation. In some embodiments, a comparison between the characteristic intensity and one or more intensity thresholds is used to determine whether or not to perform one or more operations (e.g., whether to perform a respective option or forgo performing the respective operation) rather than being used to determine whether to perform a first operation or a second operation. 
     In some embodiments, a portion of a gesture is identified for purposes of determining a characteristic intensity. For example, a touch-sensitive surface may receive a continuous swipe contact transitioning from a start location and reaching an end location (e.g., a drag gesture), at which point the intensity of the contact increases. In this example, the characteristic intensity of the contact at the end location may be based on only a portion of the continuous swipe contact, and not the entire swipe contact (e.g., only the portion of the swipe contact at the end location). In some embodiments, a smoothing algorithm may be applied to the intensities of the swipe contact prior to determining the characteristic intensity of the contact. For example, the smoothing algorithm optionally includes one or more of: an unweighted sliding-average smoothing algorithm, a triangular smoothing algorithm, a median filter smoothing algorithm, and/or an exponential smoothing algorithm. In some circumstances, these smoothing algorithms eliminate narrow spikes or dips in the intensities of the swipe contact for purposes of determining a characteristic intensity. 
     The user interface figures described herein optionally include various intensity diagrams that show the current intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface relative to one or more intensity thresholds (e.g., a contact detection intensity threshold IT 0 , a light press intensity threshold IT L , a deep press intensity threshold IT D  (e.g., that is at least initially higher than I L ), and/or one or more other intensity thresholds (e.g., an intensity threshold I H  that is lower than I L )). This intensity diagram is typically not part of the displayed user interface, but is provided to aid in the interpretation of the figures. In some embodiments, the light press intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will perform operations typically associated with clicking a button of a physical mouse or a trackpad. In some embodiments, the deep press intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will perform operations that are different from operations typically associated with clicking a button of a physical mouse or a trackpad. In some embodiments, when a contact is detected with a characteristic intensity below the light press intensity threshold (e.g., and above a nominal contact-detection intensity threshold IT 0  below which the contact is no longer detected), the device will move a focus selector in accordance with movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface without performing an operation associated with the light press intensity threshold or the deep press intensity threshold. Generally, unless otherwise stated, these intensity thresholds are consistent between different sets of user interface figures. 
     In some embodiments, the response of the device to inputs detected by the device depends on criteria based on the contact intensity during the input. For example, for some “light press” inputs, the intensity of a contact exceeding a first intensity threshold during the input triggers a first response. In some embodiments, the response of the device to inputs detected by the device depends on criteria that include both the contact intensity during the input and time-based criteria. For example, for some “deep press” inputs, the intensity of a contact exceeding a second intensity threshold during the input, greater than the first intensity threshold for a light press, triggers a second response only if a delay time has elapsed between meeting the first intensity threshold and meeting the second intensity threshold. This delay time is typically less than 200 ms in duration (e.g., 40, 100, or 120 ms, depending on the magnitude of the second intensity threshold, with the delay time increasing as the second intensity threshold increases). This delay time helps to avoid accidental deep press inputs. As another example, for some “deep press” inputs, there is a reduced-sensitivity time period that occurs after the time at which the first intensity threshold is met. During the reduced-sensitivity time period, the second intensity threshold is increased. This temporary increase in the second intensity threshold also helps to avoid accidental deep press inputs. For other deep press inputs, the response to detection of a deep press input does not depend on time-based criteria. 
     In some embodiments, one or more of the input intensity thresholds and/or the corresponding outputs vary based on one or more factors, such as user settings, contact motion, input timing, application running, rate at which the intensity is applied, number of concurrent inputs, user history, environmental factors (e.g., ambient noise), focus selector position, and the like. Example factors are described in U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 14/399,606 and 14/624,296, which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. 
     For example,  FIG.  4 C  illustrates a dynamic intensity threshold  480  that changes over time based in part on the intensity of touch input  476  over time. Dynamic intensity threshold  480  is a sum of two components, first component  474  that decays over time after a predefined delay time p 1  from when touch input  476  is initially detected, and second component  478  that trails the intensity of touch input  476  over time. The initial high intensity threshold of first component  474  reduces accidental triggering of a “deep press” response, while still allowing an immediate “deep press” response if touch input  476  provides sufficient intensity. Second component  478  reduces unintentional triggering of a “deep press” response by gradual intensity fluctuations of in a touch input. In some embodiments, when touch input  476  satisfies dynamic intensity threshold  480  (e.g., at point  481  in  FIG.  4 C ), the “deep press” response is triggered. 
       FIG.  4 D  illustrates another dynamic intensity threshold  486  (e.g., intensity threshold ID).  FIG.  4 D  also illustrates two other intensity thresholds: a first intensity threshold I H  and a second intensity threshold I L . In  FIG.  4 D , although touch input  484  satisfies the first intensity threshold I H  and the second intensity threshold I L  prior to time p 2 , no response is provided until delay time p 2  has elapsed at time  482 . Also in  FIG.  4 D , dynamic intensity threshold  486  decays over time, with the decay starting at time  488  after a predefined delay time p 1  has elapsed from time  482  (when the response associated with the second intensity threshold I L  was triggered). This type of dynamic intensity threshold reduces accidental triggering of a response associated with the dynamic intensity threshold ID immediately after, or concurrently with, triggering a response associated with a lower intensity threshold, such as the first intensity threshold I H  or the second intensity threshold I L . 
       FIG.  4 E  illustrate yet another dynamic intensity threshold  492  (e.g., intensity threshold ID). In  FIG.  4 E , a response associated with the intensity threshold I L  is triggered after the delay time p 2  has elapsed from when touch input  490  is initially detected. Concurrently, dynamic intensity threshold  492  decays after the predefined delay time p 1  has elapsed from when touch input  490  is initially detected. So a decrease in intensity of touch input  490  after triggering the response associated with the intensity threshold I L , followed by an increase in the intensity of touch input  490 , without releasing touch input  490 , can trigger a response associated with the intensity threshold ID (e.g., at time  494 ) even when the intensity of touch input  490  is below another intensity threshold, for example, the intensity threshold I L . 
     An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below the light press intensity threshold IT L  to an intensity between the light press intensity threshold IT L  and the deep press intensity threshold IT D  is sometimes referred to as a “light press” input. An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below the deep press intensity threshold IT D  to an intensity above the deep press intensity threshold IT D  is sometimes referred to as a “deep press” input. An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below the contact-detection intensity threshold IT 0  to an intensity between the contact-detection intensity threshold IT 0  and the light press intensity threshold IT L  is sometimes referred to as detecting the contact on the touch-surface. A decrease of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity above the contact-detection intensity threshold IT 0  to an intensity below the contact-detection intensity threshold IT 0  is sometimes referred to as detecting liftoff of the contact from the touch-surface. In some embodiments IT 0  is zero. In some embodiments, IT 0  is greater than zero. In some illustrations a shaded circle or oval is used to represent intensity of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In some illustrations, a circle or oval without shading is used represent a respective contact on the touch-sensitive surface without specifying the intensity of the respective contact. 
     In some embodiments, described herein, one or more operations are performed in response to detecting a gesture that includes a respective press input or in response to detecting the respective press input performed with a respective contact (or a plurality of contacts), where the respective press input is detected based at least in part on detecting an increase in intensity of the contact (or plurality of contacts) above a press-input intensity threshold. In some embodiments, the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold (e.g., the respective operation is performed on a “down stroke” of the respective press input). In some embodiments, the press input includes an increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold and a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the press-input intensity threshold, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contact below the press-input threshold (e.g., the respective operation is performed on an “up stroke” of the respective press input). 
     In some embodiments, the device employs intensity hysteresis to avoid accidental inputs sometimes termed “jitter,” where the device defines or selects a hysteresis intensity threshold with a predefined relationship to the press-input intensity threshold (e.g., the hysteresis intensity threshold is X intensity units lower than the press-input intensity threshold or the hysteresis intensity threshold is 75%, 90%, or some reasonable proportion of the press-input intensity threshold). Thus, in some embodiments, the press input includes an increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold and a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold that corresponds to the press-input intensity threshold, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold (e.g., the respective operation is performed on an “up stroke” of the respective press input). Similarly, in some embodiments, the press input is detected only when the device detects an increase in intensity of the contact from an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity at or above the press-input intensity threshold and, optionally, a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact to an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the press input (e.g., the increase in intensity of the contact or the decrease in intensity of the contact, depending on the circumstances). 
     For ease of explanation, the description of operations performed in response to a press input associated with a press-input intensity threshold or in response to a gesture including the press input are, optionally, triggered in response to detecting: an increase in intensity of a contact above the press-input intensity threshold, an increase in intensity of a contact from an intensity below the hysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity above the press-input intensity threshold, a decrease in intensity of the contact below the press-input intensity threshold, or a decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to the press-input intensity threshold. Additionally, in examples where an operation is described as being performed in response to detecting a decrease in intensity of a contact below the press-input intensity threshold, the operation is, optionally, performed in response to detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact below a hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to, and lower than, the press-input intensity threshold. As described above, in some embodiments, the triggering of these responses also depends on time-based criteria being met (e.g., a delay time has elapsed between a first intensity threshold being met and a second intensity threshold being met). 
     USER INTERFACES AND ASSOCIATED PROCESSES 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) and associated processes that may be implemented on an electronic device, such as portable multifunction device  100  or device  300 , with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and (optionally) one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. 
     These user interfaces and associated processes provide new, improved ways to:
         acknowledge messages;   edit previously sent messages;   display an edit history for a previously sent message;   apply impact effect options to a message (e.g., to express what a user is trying to communicate);   display private messages using “invisible ink”;   display enhanced message interface content (e.g., “full screen moments”);   display content (e.g., “magic moments”) that corresponds to particular combinations of content in two separate messages;   build message bubbles;   suggest emojis   synchronize viewing of content between users;   incorporate handwritten inputs;   selectively scrunch content in a message transcript;   integrate a camera;   integrate search and sharing;   integrate interactive applications;   integrate stickers;   make payments;   interact with avatars; and   make suggestions.       

       FIGS.  5 A- 5 K  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for displaying message transcripts and message acknowledgments in accordance with some embodiments. In particular,  FIG.  5 A  illustrates a messaging user interface  5002  of a messaging application, displayed on the display of an electronic device, sometimes called the first electronic device to help distinguish it from other electronic devices in communication with the first electronic device. The first electronic device also includes a touch-sensitive surface and one or more sensors, such as in a touch-screen display or trackpad, configured to detect intensities of contacts on the touch-sensitive surface. 
     The messaging user interface  5002 , as shown in  FIG.  5 A , includes an exemplary conversation transcript  5004  (also referred to as “conversation transcript  5004 ”) of a messaging session between a user (e.g., Genevive) of the electronic device and at least one other user (e.g., Isaac) of another electronic device). The conversation transcript  5004  in this example includes multiple messages, each in a respective message region  5008 . A first input with a first contact  5010  at the location on the touch-sensitive surface corresponding to a first message  5006 . In response to detecting the first input  5010 , the electronic device displays an acknowledgement selection affordance  5012 ,  FIG.  5 B , at a location in the messaging interface that corresponds to the first message region. In this example, the acknowledgement selection affordance displays a plurality of acknowledgement options:  5014 - 1  (heart),  5014 - 2  (thumbs up),  5014 - 3  (thumbs down),  5014 - 4  (“HA”),  5014 - 5  (“!!”) and  5014 - 6  (“?”). Other embodiments may include fewer, additional or different acknowledgment options. The electronic device responds to receiving a second input  5106  by a second contact (e.g., a tap gesture, light press gesture, deep press gesture, or lift off) on a respective acknowledgment option (or a hit region corresponding to the respective acknowledgment option), such as option  5014 - 2  (thumbs up), to select respective acknowledgment option and apply it to the first message  5006  or first message region  5008 - 1 , as shown in  FIG.  5 C . The selected acknowledgment option, in this example option  5014 - 2 , is displayed in a respective acknowledgement region  5018 . As shown in  FIG.  5 H , the electronic device(s) of other user(s) (in this example, Isaac) participating in the messaging session (sometimes called a conversation) display the same selected acknowledgment option proximate for the first message region. 
     To edit the selected acknowledgement option, the user make a third input by a third contact  5022 , as shown in  FIG.  5 C . Upon detecting the third input by the third contact, the electronic device displays an acknowledgement editing interface  5024 , as shown in  FIG.  5 D . Optionally, the acknowledgement editing interface is displayed on top of and/or in place of the conversation transcript. Optionally the currently selected acknowledgment option, in this example option  5014 - 2 , is visually distinguished from the other available acknowledgement options in the acknowledgement editing interface  5024 , as shown in  FIG.  5 D . 
       FIG.  5 E  shows an input, contact  5026 , selecting a different, second acknowledgement option  5014 - 1 , and  FIG.  5 F  shows a message region in a conversation transcript with the edited acknowledgment (i.e., with second acknowledgement option  5014 - 1  displayed instead of first acknowledgement option  5014 - 2 ). 
     In some embodiments, while the user of the first electronic device is using the acknowledgement editing interface  5024  to edit a previously selected acknowledgment option for the first message region, the electronic device of another user in the messaging session displays an acknowledgement-preparation indicator  5020 , as shown in  FIG.  5 G , proximate (e.g., near, adjacent or partially overlapping) the first message region in the conversation transcript  5004  displayed by that electronic device. 
     Different users in the same messaging session may select different acknowledgment options for the same message or message region. In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG.  5 I , the electronic device displays, in the conversation transcript, an indicia  5036 , that users in the messaging session have selected a plurality of acknowledgements options for the second message region. In the example shown in  FIG.  5 I , indicia  5036  is a stack of overlapping acknowledgement option icons, but could alternatively be a plurality of individual acknowledgement option icons. As shown in  FIG.  5 I , indicia  5036  is optionally adjacent to and/or partially overlapping the second message region  5008 - 02 . 
       FIG.  5 J  shows an example of a user interface that includes a tally for each type of acknowledgement option selected by the users in the messaging session. For example, as shown in  FIG.  5 J , the user interface includes tallies  5040 - 1 ,  5040 - 2 ,  5040 - 3  for three distinct acknowledgement options selected by users in the messaging session. In some embodiments, the user messaging interface shown in  FIG.  5 J  is displayed by the electronic device in response to detecting an input by a contact (e.g., contact  5034 ,  FIG.  5 I ) at a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to a location of the message region having indicia  5036 , which indicates that multiple user in the messaging session have selected acknowledgement options for the same message (or corresponding message region). 
     By selecting one of the tallies  5040 , a user can see the users who selected any particular acknowledgement option. The electronic device, in response to an input by a contact (e.g., contact  5041 , as shown in  FIG.  5 J ) at a location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the tally  5040  for a particular acknowledgement option for a respective message region, displays icons  5042  (e.g., avatars) that represent users that selected the particular acknowledgement option for the respective message region, as shown in  FIG.  5 K . 
       FIGS.  5 L- 5 T  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for editing previously sent messages while displaying a message transcript.  FIG.  5 L  shows a messaging user interface  5002  of a messaging application on the display of an electronic device. The messaging user interface  5002  includes a conversation transcript  5004  of a messaging session between a user of the electronic device and at least one other user, and a first message region  5044  that includes a first message  5046 - 1  that was sent from the electronic device of the user to the at least one other user in the messaging session. 
     The first message  5046 - 1  can be edited, despite the fact that it has already been sent. To initiate the editing of the first message, the user selects the first message with a predefined touch input  5048  (e.g., a tap gesture, long press gesture, light press gesture, or deep press gesture) on the first message or the message region for the first message. In some embodiments, the electronic device, in response to detecting the input  5048 , displays a menu interface, such as the one shown in  FIG.  5 M . Alternatively, the electronic device, in response to detecting the input  5048 , displays a message editing interface  5022 , as shown in  FIG.  5 N . In some embodiments, a first input gesture (e.g., a tap gesture) on the first message is used to transition to the menu interface (e.g., as shown in  FIG.  5 M ), while a second input gesture (e.g., a deep press) is used to transition to the message editing interface  5052 ,  FIG.  5 N . From the menu interface, as shown in Figure a user can transition the messaging application to the message editing interface  5022 , shown in  FIG.  5 N , by a touch input  5050  ( FIG.  5 M ) that selects an edit option in the menu interface. 
     The message editing interface  5052 ,  FIG.  5 N , for editing a respective message, such as first message  5046 - 1 , includes a keyboard  5054 , and an update affordance  5056 . While displaying the message editing interface  5052  for the respective message, the electronic device detects one or more inputs, such as input  5057  shown in  FIG.  5 N , that revise the respective message, displays a revised version of the message, and detects an input that activates the update affordance (e.g., for sending the updated message to the one or more other electronic devices of the one or more other participants in the messaging session. 
       FIG.  5 O  shows the conversation transcript  5004  after message  5046  has been updated. Because the conversation transcript  5004  includes an edited message, the edited message includes one or more indications  5058  that a particular message was revised after the original version of the message was sent to the other participant(s) in the messaging session. In  FIG.  5 O , there are two such indications of revision: indication  5058 - 1  is a shadow region behind the message region; indication  5058 - 2  is text (e.g., “Edited”) displayed below the message region that contains the revised version of the message. 
     An edited or revised message can be edited yet again. The electronic device, in response to an input (e.g., input  5060 ,  FIG.  5 O ) that corresponds to a request to edit the revised version  5046 - 2 ) of a message, displays a message editing interface for the revised version of the message, as shown in  FIG.  5 R . The message editing interface, as shown in  FIG.  5 R , includes the message  5046 - 2  to be edited, a keyboard, and an update affordance (which is optionally not shown until at least one revision has been made to the message). 
     A participant in the messaging session can request to see all version, or two or more versions, of an edited message. For example, in response to a predefined input  5060 ,  FIG.  5 O , on an edited message, the electronic device displays the user interface shown in  FIG.  5 P , in which display of the conversation transcript is suppressed except for the revised version of the first message  5046 - 2 , and a menu  5062  or list of editing options. In this example, the displayed menu  5062  includes a copy affordance  5064  (for copying the message selected by input  5060 ), a show edits affordance  5066  (for showing edits to the message selected by input  5060 ), a delete affordance  5068  (for deleting the message selected by input  5060 , or alternatively for undoing all edits made to the message selected by input  5060 ), and a display more options affordance  5070 . In the example shown in  FIG.  5 P , input  5072  (e.g., a tap gesture) is detected at the location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the location of the “show edits” affordance  5066 , which when activated, displays a user interface  5074  ( FIG.  5 Q ) that includes current version  5046 - 1  of the first message as well as a prior version  5046 - 2 , as shown in  FIG.  5 Q . A further input,  5076  or  5078 , in the user interface of  FIG.  5 Q , selects a version of the message to edit. For example, the selected version is highlighted, and then a touch input on Edit ( 5080 ) would initiate editing of the selected version of the message. Alternatively, a touch input on Done ( 5082 ) terminates the editing of the selected version of the message. 
     An alternative to the edit menu interface shown in  FIG.  5 P  is the edit menu interface shown in  FIG.  5 S , which includes the selected message (selected in response to input  5060 ,  FIG.  5 O ), and a menu that includes an affordance (e.g., a “show edits” option,  5086 ), which when activated results in display of the user interface shown in  FIG.  5 T , which includes the current version  5046 - 2  of the selected message and one or more prior versions of the selected message (e.g., version  5046 - 1 ). 
     Integrated Messaging 
       FIGS.  6 A- 6 CC  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for interacting with other users of a messaging transcript through an avatar in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in  FIG.  7   . For convenience of explanation, some of the embodiments will be discussed with reference to operations performed on a device with a touch-sensitive display system  112 . In such embodiments, the focus selector is, optionally: a respective finger or stylus contact, a representative point corresponding to a finger or stylus contact (e.g., a centroid of a respective contact or a point associated with a respective contact), or a centroid of two or more contacts detected on the touch-sensitive display system  112 . However, analogous operations are, optionally, performed on a device with a display  450  and a separate touch-sensitive surface  451  in response to detecting the contacts on the touch-sensitive surface  451  while displaying the user interfaces shown in the figures on the display  450 , along with a focus selector. 
       FIGS.  6 A- 6 CC  illustrate an exemplary user interface  3500  for a messaging application which includes conversation transcript  3503 , message-input area  3502 , three activatable affordances—digital image affordance  3504 , digital canvas affordance  3506 , and application affordance  3508 . Conversation transcript  3503  includes messages from participants of a corresponding messaging session, including the user of portable multifunction device  100 - 1  and other users included in the messaging session. Each of the other users included in the messaging transcript are represented by an avatar (e.g., avatar  3510  for “Abe” and avatar  4008  for “Mary Todd”) displayed in stack of avatars  4002 . 
       FIGS.  6 A- 6 F  illustrate two exemplary embodiments for interacting with another user of a messaging session through an avatar, where the device performs different operations based on detecting different types of user inputs. 
     In a first embodiment, a menu of actions for interacting with another user included in the messaging session is displayed by tapping on the user&#39;s avatar. Device  100 - 1  detects a tap gesture, including contact  4004  in  FIG.  6 B , on Abe&#39;s avatar  3510 . In response, the device displays menu  3882  of activatable menu items  3884 - 1  to  3884 - 6  (see  FIG.  6 C ) for interacting directly with Abe by a phone call, video call, individual message, e-mail, digital drawing, or payment, respectfully. 
     In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that a characteristic (e.g., a maximum) intensity of a respective contact (e.g., contact  4004 ) did not meet a predetermined intensity threshold (e.g., was between a second intensity threshold (e.g., IT L ) and a third intensity threshold (e.g., IT D )), the device displays a menu that contains activatable menu items associated with the first avatar overlaid on the messaging user interface. For example, in response to detecting an input including contact  4004  on Abe&#39;s avatar  3510 , in  FIG.  6 B , where a characteristic intensity of contact  4004  does not meet a predetermined intensity threshold (e.g., IT L  or IT D ), device  100 - 1  displays action menu  3882 , including actions  3884  for directly interacting with Abe (e.g., interacting only with Abe), in  FIG.  6 C . 
     In some embodiments, the second intensity threshold is above the first intensity threshold (e.g., IT H ) and the third intensity threshold (e.g., IT D ) is above the second intensity threshold (e.g., IT L ) (e.g., tap to cycle through the avatars and light press or deep press to call up a quick action menu for the avatar at the top of the stack). 
     In some embodiments, the second intensity threshold is below the first intensity threshold and the third intensity threshold is below the second intensity threshold (e.g., deep press or light press to cycle through the avatars and tap to call up the quick action menu for the avatar at the top of the stack). 
       FIGS.  6 X- 6 BB  illustrate an exemplary embodiment where the user of the device can interact with a single participant in a group messaging session through interactions with that person&#39;s avatar.  FIG.  6 X  illustrates an exemplary user interface  3500  for a messaging application which includes conversation transcript  3503 , digital keyboard  3501 , message-input area  3502 , and application expansion affordance  3702 . Conversation transcript  3503  includes messages from participants of a corresponding messaging session, including the user of portable multifunction device  100 - 1  and other users included in the messaging session. Each of the other users included in the messaging transcript are represented by an avatar (e.g., avatar  3510  for “Abe” and avatar  4008  for “Mary Todd”) displayed in stack of avatars  4002  in messaging user interface  3500 . 
     In some embodiments, a menu of actions for interacting with another user included in the messaging session is displayed by tapping on the user&#39;s avatar. Device  100 - 1  detects a tap gesture, including contact  3880  in  FIG.  6 Y , on Abe&#39;s avatar  3510 . In some embodiments, the user input is a deep press gesture. In response, the device displays menu  3882  of activatable menu items  3884 - 1  to  3884 - 6  for interacting directly with Abe by a phone call, video call, individual message, e-mail, digital drawing, or payment, respectfully, in  FIG.  6 Z . The device then activates a private messaging conversation transcript  3700  with Abe in  FIG.  6 BB , after detecting a tap input including contact  3886  on menu item  3884 - 3 , in  FIG.  6 AA . 
     In some embodiments, the stacked avatars are cycled to display a different avatar on top of the stack by deep pressing on the stack of avatars. Device  100 - 1  detects a press gesture, including contact  4006  in  FIG.  6 D , on stack of avatars  4002  displaying Abe&#39;s avatar  3510  on top. The device then detects an increase in the intensity of contact  4006  above a predefined intensity threshold (e.g., IT L  or IT D ) in  FIG.  6 E  and, in response, shuffles the stack of avatars  4002  to display Mary Todd&#39;s avatar  4008  on top, in  FIGS.  6 E- 6 F . 
       FIGS.  6 G- 6 R  illustrate an exemplary embodiment for paying another user of a messaging session through an avatar. Device  100 - 1  detects a press gesture, including contact  4010  in  FIG.  6 G , of stack of avatars  4002  displaying Mary Todd&#39;s avatar  4008  on top. The device then detects an increase in the intensity of contact  4010  above a predefined intensity threshold (e.g., IT L  or IT D ) and, in response, displays menu  3882  of activatable menu items  3884 - 1  to  3884 - 6 , for interacting with Mary Todd directly, and blurs display of conversation transcript  3503  in  FIG.  6 H . Menu  3882  remains displayed after the device detects lift-off of contact  4010  in  FIG.  6 I . 
     Device  100 - 1  then detects a tap gesture, including contact  4012  in  FIG.  6 J , on activatable menu item  3884 - 6  for a payment action. In response, the device displays payment area  4014 , including termination affordance  4016 , execution affordance  4018 , and digital keypad  4015  for inputting payment amount, in  FIG.  6 K . The device then detects input of a payment amount ($60) and, subsequently, a tap gesture including contact  4020  on message-input area  4019 , in  FIG.  6 L . In response, the device replaces digital touchpad  4014  with digital keyboard  4017  in  FIG.  6 M . Responsive to detecting input of message  4021 , in  FIG.  6 N , and a tap gesture, including contact  4022  in  FIG.  6 O , on execution affordance  4018 , the device prompts the user of device  100 - 1  to confirm their identity by displaying confirmation area  4024  in  FIG.  6 P . In response to receiving an identity confirming input, including contact  4026  in  FIG.  6 Q , the device executes payment of $60 to Mary Todd and posts confirmation of the payment to the messaging session, displaying payment confirmation  4028  within conversation transcript  3503  in  FIG.  6 R  (see also  FIG.  6 CC ). 
       FIGS.  6 S- 6 W  illustrate two exemplary embodiments for interacting with another user of a messaging session through an avatar, where the device performs different operations based on detecting different types of user inputs. 
     In a first embodiment, tapping on the stack of avatars spreads the avatars out, such that a particular avatar can be selected. Device  100 - 1  detects a tap gesture, including contact  4030  in  FIG.  6 S , on stack of avatars  4002 . In response, the device spreads the avatars in stack of avatars  4002 —avatar  3510  for “Abe,” avatar  4008  for “Mary Todd,” avatar  4032  for “Chuck,” avatar  4034  for “Issac,” and avatar  4036  for “Edwin”—across the top of touch screen  112  in  FIG.  6 T . 
     In a second embodiment, which is also a continuation of the first embodiment, deep pressing on a particular avatar calls up a menu of activatable actions for interacting with the user corresponding to the avatar. Device  100 - 1  detects a press gesture, including contact  4038  in  FIG.  6 U , on Mary Todd&#39;s avatar  4008 . The device then detects an increase in the intensity of contact  4038  above a predefined intensity threshold (e.g., IT L  or IT S ) and, in response, displays menu  3882  of activatable menu items  3884 - 1  to  3884 - 6 , for interacting with Mary Todd directly, and blurs display of conversation transcript  3503  in  FIG.  6 V . Menu  3882  remains displayed after the device detects lift-off of contact  4038  in  FIG.  6 W . 
     Making Payments 
       FIG.  7    is a flow diagram illustrating a method  6600  of making payments from a messaging application in accordance with some embodiments. The method  6600  is performed at an electronic device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG.  3   , or portable multifunction device  100 ,  FIG.  1 A ) with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is a touch-screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on or integrated with the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method  6600  are, optionally, combined and/or the order of some operations is, optionally, changed. 
     As described below, the method  6600  provides an intuitive way to make payments from a messaging application. The method reduces the number, extent, and/or nature of the inputs from a user when making payments from a messaging application, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to make payments from a messaging application faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     The device displays ( 6602 ) a messaging user interface of a messaging application on the display, the messaging user interface including a conversation transcript (e.g., displayed in a first area of the display) of a messaging session between a user of the electronic device and at least one other user (e.g., of another electronic device) and a message-input area, wherein each of the other users included in the messaging session has a corresponding avatar (e.g., displayed in a second area of the display). For example, messaging user interface  3500 , in  FIG.  6 F , includes conversation transcript  3503 , message-input area  3502 . Conversation transcript  3503  includes messages from participants of a corresponding messaging session, including the user of portable multifunction device  100 - 1  and other users included in the messaging session. Each of the other users included in the messaging transcript are represented by an avatar (e.g., avatar  4008  for “Mary Todd”) displayed in stack of avatars  4002 , in  FIG.  6 F . 
     While displaying the messaging user interface, the device detects ( 6604 ) a first user input (e.g., a tap, light press, or deep press gesture by a contact on a touch-sensitive surface) while a focus selector is at a first location in the messaging user interface that corresponds to an avatar of a first other user included in the messaging session, (e.g., detect a gesture by a contact on a touch-sensitive display at the location of the avatar of the first other user, or detect a gesture by a contact on a touch-sensitive surface while a cursor or other pointer is at the location of the avatar of the first other user). For example, device  100 - 1  detects an input including contact  4010 , on Mary Todd&#39;s avatar  4010 , in  FIG.  6 G . 
     In response to detecting the first user input, the device displays ( 6006 ) a menu that contains activatable menu items associated with the first other user overlaid on the messaging user interface, the displayed menu including an activatable menu item for initiating a payment action with the first other user (e.g., a menu item for paying, or requesting payment from, the first other user). For example, in response to detecting an input including an increase in a characteristic intensity of contact  4010 , meeting a predefined intensity threshold, the device displays action menu  3882  that includes activatable action  3884 - 6  for making a payment to another user (e.g., Mary Todd) included in the messaging session, in  FIG.  6 H . 
     While displaying the menu that contains activatable menu items associated with the first other user (e.g., action menu  3882  in  FIG.  6 J ), the device detects ( 6008 ) a second user input (e.g., by a contact on a touch-sensitive surface, such as an input including contact  4012 , in  FIG.  6 J ) while a focus selector is at a second location in the messaging user interface that corresponds to the activatable menu item for initiating a payment action with the first other user (e.g., activatable menu action  3884 - 6  for a payment, in  FIG.  6 J ). For example, the device detects a gesture by a contact on a touch-sensitive display at the location of the activatable menu item for initiating a payment action with the first other user, or detects a gesture by a contact on a touch-sensitive surface while a cursor or other pointer is at the location of the activatable menu item for initiating a payment action with the first other user. 
     In response to detecting the second user input, the device displays ( 6610 ) a user interface configured to initiate sending of a payment to, and/or requesting a payment from, the first other user. For example, in response to detecting an input including contact  4012  on activatable payment action  3884 - 6 , in  FIG.  6 J , device  100 - 1  displays payment user interface  4014 , in  FIG.  6 K . 
     It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in  FIG.  7    have been described is merely exemplary and is not intended to indicate that the described order is the only order in which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to reorder the operations described herein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processes described herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g., method  6800 ) are also applicable in an analogous manner to method  6600  described above with respect to  FIG.  7   . For example, the contacts, gestures, user interface objects, tactile outputs, intensity thresholds, focus selectors, and animations described above with reference to method  6600  optionally have one or more of the characteristics of the contacts, gestures, user interface objects, tactile outputs, intensity thresholds, focus selectors, and animations described herein with reference to other methods described herein (e.g., method  6800 ). For brevity, these details are not repeated here. 
     In accordance with some embodiments,  FIG.  8    shows a functional block diagram of an electronic device  6700  configured in accordance with the principles of the various described embodiments. The functional blocks of the device are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of the various described embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill in the art that the functional blocks described in  FIG.  8    are, optionally, combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of the various described embodiments. Therefore, the description herein optionally supports any possible combination or separation or further definition of the functional blocks described herein. 
     As shown in  FIG.  8   , an electronic device  6700  includes a display unit  6702  configured to display user interfaces; a touch-sensitive surface unit  6704  configured to detect contacts; and a processing unit  6706  coupled with the display unit  6702  and the touch-sensitive surface unit  6704 . The processing unit  6706  includes an enabling unit  6708  and a detecting unit  6710 . 
     The processing unit  6706  is configured to enable display of (e.g., with enabling unit  6708 ) a messaging user interface of a messaging application on the display unit  6702 , the messaging user interface including a conversation transcript of a messaging session between a user of the electronic device and at least one other user and a message-input area, wherein each of the other users included in the messaging session has a corresponding avatar. While displaying the messaging user interface, the processing unit  6706  is configured to detect (e.g., with detecting unit  6710 ) a first user input while a focus selector is at a first location in the messaging user interface that corresponds to an avatar of a first other user included in the messaging session. In response to detecting the first user input, enable display of (e.g., with enabling unit  6708 ) a menu that contains activatable menu items associated with the first other user overlaid on the messaging user interface, the displayed menu including an activatable menu item for initiating a payment action with the first other user. While displaying the menu that contains activatable menu items associated with the first other user, detect (e.g., with detecting unit  6710 ) a second user input while a focus selector is at a second location in the messaging user interface that corresponds to the activatable menu item for initiating a payment action with the first other user. In response to detecting the second user input, enable display of (e.g., with enabling unit  6708 ) a user interface configured to initiate sending of a payment to, and/or requesting a payment from, the first other user. 
     The operations described above with reference to  FIG.  7    are, optionally, implemented by components depicted in  FIGS.  1 A- 1 B  or  FIG.  8   . For example, detection operations  6604  and  6608  are, optionally, implemented by event sorter  170 , event recognizer  180 , and event handler  190 . Event monitor  171  in event sorter  170  detects a contact on touch-sensitive display  112 , and event dispatcher module  174  delivers the event information to application  136 - 1 . A respective event recognizer  180  of application  136 - 1  compares the event information to respective event definitions  186 , and determines whether a first contact at a first location on the touch-sensitive surface (or whether rotation of the device) corresponds to a predefined event or sub-event, such as selection of an object on a user interface, or rotation of the device from one orientation to another. When a respective predefined event or sub-event is detected, event recognizer  180  activates an event handler  190  associated with the detection of the event or sub-event. Event handler  190  optionally uses or calls data updater  176  or object updater  177  to update the application internal state  192 . In some embodiments, event handler  190  accesses a respective GUI updater  178  to update what is displayed by the application. Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in the art how other processes can be implemented based on the components depicted in  FIGS.  1 A- 1 B .

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20210427
Publication Date: 20240409
Grant Date: 20240409
Priority Date: 20160518
Inventors: CHAUDHRI, IMRAN A.
ANZURES, FREDDY A.
KARUNAMUNI, CHANAKA G.
KING, NICHOLAS V.
WAN, WAN SI
ADLER, DARIN B.
Wood, Justin N.
GARCIA, ROBERTO
SHEDLOSKY, SOIN
DICKER, GEORGE R.
Assignee: APPLE INC
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Family ID: 60329058