PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-8504946-B2
Application Number: US-16389908-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Portable device, method, and graphical user interface for automatically scrolling to display the top of an electronic document

Abstract:
A computer-implemented method for use in conjunction with a computing device with a touch screen display comprises displaying a portion of a web page in a web browser application without concurrently displaying a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) entry area for inputting URLs of web pages. A gesture is detected in a predefined area at the top of the touch screen display. In response to detecting the gesture in the predefined area at the top of the touch screen display, the URL entry area is displayed.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
 at a portable electronic device with a touch screen display:
 displaying a portion of a web page on the touch screen display without displaying a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) entry area for inputting URLs of web pages, wherein
 the web page has a web page length; and 
 the displayed portion of the web page has a displayed portion length that is less than the web page length; 
 
 detecting a single finger tap on the touch screen display in a predefined area at the top of the touch screen display, wherein the predefined area at the top of the touch screen display is a status bar for the portable electronic device; and 
 in response to detecting the single finger tap on the touch screen display in the predefined area at the top of the touch screen display, translating the web page to display a top portion of the web page and concurrently displaying the URL entry area for inputting URLs of web pages adjacent to the top portion of the web page. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The computer-implemented method of  claim 1 , including:
 detecting a gesture on the URL entry area; and 
 in response to detecting the gesture on the URL entry area, displaying a soft keyboard for entering text in the URL entry area. 
 
     
     
       3. The computer-implemented method of  claim 2 , wherein the soft keyboard for entering text in the URL entry area includes a single key for entering “.com” in the URL entry area. 
     
     
       4. The computer-implemented method of  claim 1 , including:
 detecting a gesture on the URL entry area; and 
 in response to detecting the gesture on the URL entry area, displaying:
 a soft keyboard for entering text in the URL entry area, and 
 a search term entry area for inputting search terms for web searches. 
 
 
     
     
       5. The computer-implemented method of  claim 4 , wherein the soft keyboard for entering text in the URL entry area includes a single key for entering “.com” in the URL entry area. 
     
     
       6. The computer-implemented method of  claim 4 , including:
 detecting a gesture on the search term entry area; and 
 in response to detecting the gesture on the search term entry area, replacing display of the soft keyboard for entering text in the URL entry area with display of a soft keyboard for entering text in the search term entry area. 
 
     
     
       7. The computer-implemented method of  claim 1 , including:
 detecting an upward swipe gesture on the touch screen display; and 
 in response to detecting the upward swipe gesture on the touch screen display, translating the web page and ceasing to display the URL entry area. 
 
     
     
       8. A portable electronic device, comprising:
 a touch screen display; 
 one or more processors; 
 memory; and 
 one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the programs including instructions for:
 displaying a portion of a web page on the touch screen display without displaying a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) entry area for inputting URLs of web pages, wherein
 the web page has a web page length; and 
 the displayed portion of the web page has a displayed portion length that is less than the web page length; 
 
 detecting a single finger tap on the touch screen display in a predefined area at the top of the touch screen display, wherein the predefined area at the top of the touch screen display is a status bar for the portable electronic device; and 
 in response to detecting the single finger tap on the touch screen display in the predefined area at the top of the touch screen display, translating the web page to display a top portion of the web page and concurrently displaying the URL entry area for inputting URLs of web pages adjacent to the top portion of the web page. 
 
 
     
     
       9. The device of  claim 8 , including instructions for:
 detecting a gesture on the URL entry area; and 
 in response to detecting the gesture on the URL entry area, displaying a soft keyboard for entering text in the URL entry area. 
 
     
     
       10. The device of  claim 9 , wherein the soft keyboard for entering text in the URL entry area includes a single key for entering “.com” in the URL entry area. 
     
     
       11. The device of  claim 8 , including instructions for:
 detecting a gesture on the URL entry area; and 
 in response to detecting the gesture on the URL entry area, displaying:
 a soft keyboard for entering text in the URL entry area, and 
 a search term entry area for inputting search terms for web searches. 
 
 
     
     
       12. The device of  claim 11 , wherein the soft keyboard for entering text in the URL entry area includes a single key for entering “.com” in the URL entry area. 
     
     
       13. The device of  claim 11 , including instructions for:
 detecting a gesture on the search term entry area; and 
 in response to detecting the gesture on the search term entry area, replacing display of the soft keyboard for entering text in the URL entry area with display of a soft keyboard for entering text in the search term entry area. 
 
     
     
       14. The device of  claim 8 , including instructions for:
 detecting an upward swipe gesture on the touch screen display; and 
 in response to detecting the upward swipe gesture on the touch screen display, translating the web page and ceasing to display the URL entry area. 
 
     
     
       15. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored therein instructions, which when executed by a portable electronic device with a touch screen display, cause the device to:
 display a portion of a web page on the touch screen display without displaying a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) entry area for inputting URLs of web pages, wherein
 the web page has a web page length; and 
 the displayed portion of the web page has a displayed portion length that is less than the web page length; 
 
 detect a single finger tap on the touch screen display in a predefined area at the top of the touch screen display, wherein the predefined area at the top of the touch screen display is a status bar for the portable electronic device; and 
 in response to detecting the single finger tap on the touch screen display in the predefined area at the top of the touch screen display, translate the web page to display a top portion of the web page and concurrently display the URL entry area for inputting URLs of web pages adjacent to the top portion of the web page. 
 
     
     
       16. The computer readable storage medium of  claim 15 , including instructions which cause the device to:
 detect a gesture on the URL entry area; and 
 in response to detecting the gesture on the URL entry area, display a soft keyboard for entering text in the URL entry area. 
 
     
     
       17. The computer readable storage medium of  claim 16 , wherein the soft keyboard for entering text in the URL entry area includes a single key for entering “.com” in the URL entry area. 
     
     
       18. The computer readable storage medium of  claim 15 , including instructions which cause the device to:
 detect a gesture on the URL entry area; and 
 in response to detecting the gesture on the URL entry area, display:
 a soft keyboard for entering text in the URL entry area, and 
 a search term entry area for inputting search terms for web searches. 
 
 
     
     
       19. The computer readable storage medium of  claim 18 , wherein the soft keyboard for entering text in the URL entry area includes a single key for entering “.com” in the URL entry area. 
     
     
       20. The computer readable storage medium of  claim 18 , including instructions which cause the device to:
 detect a gesture on the search term entry area; and 
 in response to detecting the gesture on the search term entry area, replace display of the soft keyboard for entering text in the URL entry area with display of a soft keyboard for entering text in the search term entry area. 
 
     
     
       21. The computer readable storage medium of  claim 15 , including instructions which cause the device to:
 detect an upward swipe gesture on the touch screen display; and 
 in response to detecting the upward swipe gesture on the touch screen display, translate the web page and cease to display the URL entry area.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is related to the following applications: (1) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/188,182, “Touch Pad For Handheld Device,” filed Jul. 1, 2002; (2) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/722,948, “Touch Pad For Handheld Device,” filed Nov. 25, 2003; (3) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/643,256, “Movable Touch Pad With Added Functionality,” filed Aug. 18, 2003; (4) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/654,108, “Ambidextrous Mouse,” filed Sep. 2, 2003; (5) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/840,862, “Multipoint Touchscreen,” filed May 6, 2004; (6) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/903,964, “Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jul. 30, 2004; (7) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/038,590, “Mode-Based Graphical User Interfaces For Touch Sensitive Input Devices” filed Jan. 18, 2005; (8) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/057,050, “Display Actuator,” filed Feb. 11, 2005; (9) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/367,749, “Multi-Functional Hand-Held Device,” filed Mar. 3, 2006; and (10) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/850,635, “Touch Screen Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Determining Commands by Applying Heuristics,” filed Sep. 5, 2007. All of these applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The disclosed embodiments relate generally to portable electronic devices with touch screen displays, and more particularly, to portable electronic devices with touch screen displays that display a portion of an electronic document, such as a portion of a web page. 
     BACKGROUND 
     As portable electronic devices become more compact, and the number of functions performed by a given device increase, it has become a significant challenge to design a user interface that allows users to easily interact with a multifunction device. This challenge is particular significant for handheld portable devices, which have much smaller screens than desktop or laptop computers. This situation is unfortunate because the user interface is the gateway through which users receive not only content but also responses to user actions or behaviors, including user attempts to access a device&#39;s features, tools, and functions. Some portable communication devices (e.g., mobile telephones, sometimes called mobile phones, cell phones, cellular telephones, and the like) have resorted to adding more pushbuttons, increasing the density of push buttons, overloading the functions of pushbuttons, or using complex menu systems to allow a user to access, store and manipulate data. These conventional user interfaces often result in complicated key sequences and menu hierarchies that must be memorized by the user. 
     Many conventional user interfaces, such as those that include physical pushbuttons, are also inflexible. This may prevent a user interface from being configured and/or adapted by either an application running on the portable device or by users. When coupled with the time consuming requirement to memorize multiple key sequences and menu hierarchies, and the difficulty in activating a desired pushbutton, such inflexibility is frustrating to most users. 
     Because of the small size of display screens on portable electronic devices, only a portion of an electronic document is typically displayed on the screen at a given time. Thus, users need to translate (e.g., scroll) the displayed document to view the entire content of the document. Frequently, users may need to scroll to the top of the document after the user has scrolled down the document, for example to view a title or content at the top of the document. Limitations of conventional user interfaces require the user to manually scroll back to the top of a lengthy document. Manually scrolling to the top of the document on a small display screen may require additional key and gesture sequences that are time-consuming or awkward to perform. 
     Additionally, if the electronic document is a web page, users may need to scroll to the top of the web page or memorize key sequences to display the Uniform Resource Locator (URL) entry area. 
     Accordingly, there is a need for portable electronic devices with touch screen displays that have with more transparent and efficient user interfaces for displaying and navigating an electronic document (e.g., a web page). Such interfaces increase efficiency and user satisfaction with portable devices. 
     SUMMARY 
     The above deficiencies and other problems associated with user interfaces for portable devices are reduced or eliminated by the disclosed multifunction device. In some embodiments, the device has a touch-sensitive display (also known as a “touch screen”) with a graphical user interface (GUI), one or more processors, memory and one or more modules, programs or sets of instructions stored in the memory for performing multiple functions. In some embodiments, the user interacts with the GUI primarily through finger contacts and gestures on the touch-sensitive display. In some embodiments, the functions may include telephoning, video conferencing, e-mailing, instant messaging, blogging, digital photographing, digital videoing, web browsing, digital music playing, and/or digital video playing. Instructions for performing these functions may be included in a computer readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computer-implemented method is performed at a portable electronic device with a touch screen display. The computer-implemented method includes displaying a portion of a web page in a web browser application without concurrently displaying a URL entry area for inputting URLs of web pages. A gesture is detected in a predefined area at the top of the touch screen display. In response to detecting the gesture in the predefined area at the top of the touch screen display, the URL entry area is displayed. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface on a portable electronic device with a touch screen display includes: a portion of a web page in a web browser application; a URL entry area for inputting URLs of web pages; and a predefined area at the top of the touch screen display. Prior to detecting a gesture in the predefined area at the top of the touch screen display, the portion of the web page is displayed in the web browser application without concurrently displaying the URL entry area for inputting URLs of web pages. In response to detecting the gesture in the predefined area at the top of the touch screen display, the URL entry area is displayed. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a portable computing device includes: a touch screen display; one or more processors; memory; and one or more programs. The one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors. The one or more programs include instructions for: displaying a portion of a web page in a web browser application without concurrently displaying a URL entry area for inputting URLs of web pages; detecting a gesture in a predefined area at the top of the touch screen display; and in response to detecting the gesture in the predefined area at the top of the touch screen display, displaying the URL entry area. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computer readable storage medium has stored therein instructions, which when executed by a portable electronic device with a touch screen display, cause the portable electronic device to: display a portion of a web page in a web browser application without concurrently displaying a URL entry area for inputting URLs of web pages; detect a gesture in a predefined area at the top of the touch screen display; and in response to detecting the gesture in the predefined area at the top of the touch screen display, display the URL entry area. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a portable electronic device includes: a touch screen display; means for displaying a portion of a web page in a web browser application without concurrently displaying a URL entry area for inputting URLs of web pages; means for detecting a gesture in a predefined area at the top of the touch screen display; and, in response to detecting the gesture in the predefined area at the top of the touch screen display, means for displaying the URL entry area. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computer-implemented method is performed at a portable electronic device with a touch screen display. The computer-implemented method includes displaying a portion of an electronic document on the touch screen display. The electronic document has an electronic document length. The displayed portion of the electronic document has a displayed portion length that is less than the electronic document length. A gesture is detected in a predefined area at the top of the touch screen display. In response to detecting the gesture in the predefined area at the top of the touch screen display, a top portion of the electronic document is displayed. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface on a portable electronic device with a touch screen display includes: a portion of an electronic document and a predefined area at the top of the touch screen display. The electronic document has an electronic document length. The displayed portion of the electronic document has a displayed portion length that is less than the electronic document length. In response to detecting a gesture in the predefined area at the top of the touch screen display, a top portion of the electronic document is displayed. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a portable computing device includes: a touch screen display; one or more processors; memory; and one or more programs. The one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors. The one or more programs include instructions for: displaying a portion of an electronic document on the touch screen display, wherein the electronic document has an electronic document length and the displayed portion of the electronic document has a displayed portion length that is less than the electronic document length; detecting a gesture in a predefined area at the top of the touch screen display; and, in response to detecting the gesture in the predefined area at the top of the touch screen display, displaying a top portion of the electronic document. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computer readable storage medium has stored therein instructions, which when executed by a portable electronic device with a touch screen display, cause the portable electronic device to: display a portion of an electronic document on the touch screen display, wherein the electronic document has an electronic document length and the displayed portion of the electronic document has a displayed portion length that is less than the electronic document length; detect a gesture in a predefined area at the top of the touch screen display; and, in response to detecting the gesture in the predefined area at the top of the touch screen display, display a top portion of the electronic document. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a portable electronic device includes: a touch screen display; means for displaying a portion of an electronic document on the touch screen display, wherein the electronic document has an electronic document length and the displayed portion of the electronic document has a displayed portion length that is less than the electronic document length; means for detecting a gesture in a predefined area at the top of the touch screen display; and, in response to detecting the gesture in the predefined area at the top of the touch screen display, means for displaying a top portion of the electronic document. 
     Thus, the invention provides an efficient, easy-to-use interface for displaying and navigating an electronic document on a portable electronic device with a touch screen display. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a better understanding of the aforementioned embodiments of the invention as well as additional embodiments thereof, reference should be made to the Description of Embodiments below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures. 
         FIGS. 1A and 1B  are block diagrams illustrating portable multifunction devices with touch-sensitive displays in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a portable multifunction device having a touch screen in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 3A-3C  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for unlocking a portable electronic device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 4A and 4B  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for a menu of applications on a portable multifunction device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 5A-5J  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for displaying and navigating a portion of a web page in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 6A-6D  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for displaying and navigating a portion of an electronic document in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 7A-7C  are a flow diagram illustrating a method of displaying and navigating a portion of a web page in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 8A-8C  are a flow diagram illustrating a method of displaying and navigating a portion of an electronic document in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments. 
     It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first gesture could be termed a second gesture, and, similarly, a second gesture could be termed a first gesture, without departing from the scope of the present invention. 
     The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in the description of the invention and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     As used herein, the term “if” may be construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” may be construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event],” depending on the context. 
     Embodiments of a portable multifunction device, user interfaces for such devices, and associated processes for using such devices are described. In some embodiments, the device is a portable communications device such as a mobile telephone that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/or music player functions. 
     The user interface may include a physical click wheel in addition to a touch screen or a virtual click wheel displayed on the touch screen. A click wheel is a user-interface device that may provide navigation commands based on an angular displacement of the wheel or a point of contact with the wheel by a user of the device. A click wheel may also be used to provide a user command corresponding to selection of one or more items, for example, when the user of the device presses down on at least a portion of the wheel or the center of the wheel. Alternatively, breaking contact with a click wheel image on a touch screen surface may indicate a user command corresponding to selection. For simplicity, in the discussion that follows, a portable multifunction device that includes a touch screen is used as an exemplary embodiment. It should be understood, however, that some of the user interfaces and associated processes may be applied to other devices, such as personal computers and laptop computers, which may include one or more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physical click wheel, a physical keyboard, a mouse and/or a joystick. 
     The device supports a variety of applications, such as one or more of the following: a telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, a blogging application, a photo management application, a digital camera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing application, a digital music player application, and/or a digital video player application. 
     The various applications that may be executed on the device may use at least one common physical user-interface device, such as the touch screen. One or more functions of the touch screen as well as corresponding information displayed on the device may be adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physical architecture (such as the touch screen) of the device may support the variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and transparent. 
     The user interfaces may include one or more soft keyboard embodiments. The soft keyboard embodiments may include standard (QWERTY) and/or non-standard configurations of symbols on the displayed icons of the keyboard, such as those described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/459,606, “Keyboards For Portable Electronic Devices,” filed Jul. 24, 2006, and Ser. No. 11/459,615, “Touch Screen Keyboards For Portable Electronic Devices,” filed Jul. 24, 2006, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. The keyboard embodiments may include a reduced number of icons (or soft keys) relative to the number of keys in existing physical keyboards, such as that for a typewriter. This may make it easier for users to select one or more icons in the keyboard, and thus, one or more corresponding symbols. The keyboard embodiments may be adaptive. For example, displayed icons may be modified in accordance with user actions, such as selecting one or more icons and/or one or more corresponding symbols. One or more applications on the portable device may utilize common and/or different keyboard embodiments. Thus, the keyboard embodiment used may be tailored to at least some of the applications. In some embodiments, one or more keyboard embodiments may be tailored to a respective user. For example, one or more keyboard embodiments may be tailored to a respective user based on a word usage history (lexicography, slang, individual usage) of the respective user. Some of the keyboard embodiments may be adjusted to reduce a probability of a user error when selecting one or more icons, and thus one or more symbols, when using the soft keyboard embodiments. 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of the device.  FIGS. 1A and 1B  are block diagrams illustrating portable multifunction devices  100  with touch-sensitive displays  112  in accordance with some embodiments. The touch-sensitive display  112  is sometimes called a “touch screen” for convenience, and may also be known as or called a touch-sensitive display system. The device  100  may include a memory  102  (which may include one or more computer readable storage mediums), a memory controller  122 , one or more processing units (CPU&#39;s)  120 , a peripherals interface  118 , RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , a speaker  111 , a microphone  113 , an input/output (I/O) subsystem  106 , other input or control devices  116 , and an external port  124 . The device  100  may include one or more optical sensors  164 . These components may communicate over one or more communication buses or signal lines  103 . 
     It should be appreciated that the device  100  is only one example of a portable multifunction device  100 , and that the device  100  may have more or fewer components than shown, may combine two or more components, or a may have a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown in  FIGS. 1A and 1B  may be implemented in hardware, software or a combination of both hardware and software, including one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits. 
     Memory  102  may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Access to memory  102  by other components of the device  100 , such as the CPU  120  and the peripherals interface  118 , may be controlled by the memory controller  122 . 
     The peripherals interface  118  couples the input and output peripherals of the device to the CPU  120  and memory  102 . The one or more processors  120  run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in memory  102  to perform various functions for the device  100  and to process data. 
     In some embodiments, the peripherals interface  118 , the CPU  120 , and the memory controller  122  may be implemented on a single chip, such as a chip  104 . In some other embodiments, they may be implemented on separate chips. 
     The RF (radio frequency) circuitry  108  receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals. The RF circuitry  108  converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals. The RF circuitry  108  may include well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. The RF circuitry  108  may communicate with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The wireless communication may use any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for email (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), and/or Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS)), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document. 
     The audio circuitry  110 , the speaker  111 , and the microphone  113  provide an audio interface between a user and the device  100 . The audio circuitry  110  receives audio data from the peripherals interface  118 , converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to the speaker  111 . The speaker  111  converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves. The audio circuitry  110  also receives electrical signals converted by the microphone  113  from sound waves. The audio circuitry  110  converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to the peripherals interface  118  for processing. Audio data may be retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory  102  and/or the RF circuitry  108  by the peripherals interface  118 . In some embodiments, the audio circuitry  110  also includes a headset jack (e.g.  212 ,  FIG. 2 ). The headset jack provides an interface between the audio circuitry  110  and removable audio input/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headset with both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input (e.g., a microphone). 
     The I/O subsystem  106  couples input/output peripherals on the device  100 , such as the touch screen  112  and other input/control devices  116 , to the peripherals interface  118 . The I/O subsystem  106  may include a display controller  156  and one or more input controllers  160  for other input or control devices. The one or more input controllers  160  receive/send electrical signals from/to other input or control devices  116 . The other input/control devices  116  may include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s)  160  may be coupled to any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, infrared port, USB port, and a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g.,  208 ,  FIG. 2 ) may include an up/down button for volume control of the speaker  111  and/or the microphone  113 . The one or more buttons may include a push button (e.g.,  206 ,  FIG. 2 ). A quick press of the push button may disengage a lock of the touch screen  112  or begin a process that uses gestures on the touch screen to unlock the device, as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/322,549, “Unlocking a Device by Performing Gestures on an Unlock Image,” filed Dec. 23, 2005, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. A longer press of the push button (e.g.,  206 ) may turn power to the device  100  on or off. The user may be able to customize a functionality of one or more of the buttons. The touch screen  112  is used to implement virtual or soft buttons and one or more soft keyboards. 
     The touch-sensitive touch screen  112  provides an input interface and an output interface between the device and a user. The display controller  156  receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to the touch screen  112 . The touch screen  112  displays visual output to the user. The visual output may include graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all of the visual output may correspond to user-interface objects. 
     A touch screen  112  has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor or set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact. The touch screen  112  and the display controller  156  (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory  102 ) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on the touch screen  112  and converts the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages or images) that are displayed on the touch screen. In an exemplary embodiment, a point of contact between a touch screen  112  and the user corresponds to a finger of the user. 
     The touch screen  112  may use LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, or LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, although other display technologies may be used in other embodiments. The touch screen  112  and the display controller  156  may detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of a plurality of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with a touch screen  112 . 
     A touch-sensitive display in some embodiments of the touch screen  112  may be analogous to the multi-touch sensitive tablets described in the following U.S. Pat. No. 6,323,846 (Westerman et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 6,570,557 (Westerman et al.), and/or U.S. Pat. No. 6,677,932 (Westerman), and/or U.S. Patent Publication 2002/0015024A1, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. However, a touch screen  112  displays visual output from the portable device  100 , whereas touch sensitive tablets do not provide visual output. 
     A touch-sensitive display in some embodiments of the touch screen  112  may be as described in the following applications: (1) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/381,313, “Multipoint Touch Surface Controller,” filed May 2, 2006; (2) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/840,862, “Multipoint Touchscreen,” filed May 6, 2004; (3) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/903,964, “Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jul. 30, 2004; (4) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/048,264, “Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jan. 31, 2005; (5) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/038,590, “Mode-Based Graphical User Interfaces For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jan. 18, 2005; (6) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,758, “Virtual Input Device Placement On A Touch Screen User Interface,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; (7) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,700, “Operation Of A Computer With A Touch Screen Interface,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; (8) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,737, “Activating Virtual Keys Of A Touch-Screen Virtual Keyboard,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; and (9) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/367,749, “Multi-Functional Hand-Held Device,” filed Mar. 3, 2006. All of these applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. 
     The touch screen  112  may have a resolution in excess of 100 dpi. In an exemplary embodiment, the touch screen has a resolution of approximately 160 dpi. The user may make contact with the touch screen  112  using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to work primarily with finger-based contacts and gestures, which are much less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired by the user. 
     In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, the device  100  may include a touchpad (not shown) for activating or deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output. The touchpad may be a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the touch screen  112  or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen. 
     In some embodiments, the device  100  may include a physical or virtual click wheel as an input control device  116 . A user may navigate among and interact with one or more graphical objects (henceforth referred to as icons) displayed in the touch screen  112  by rotating the click wheel or by moving a point of contact with the click wheel (e.g., where the amount of movement of the point of contact is measured by its angular displacement with respect to a center point of the click wheel). The click wheel may also be used to select one or more of the displayed icons. For example, the user may press down on at least a portion of the click wheel or an associated button. User commands and navigation commands provided by the user via the click wheel may be processed by an input controller  160  as well as one or more of the modules and/or sets of instructions in memory  102 . For a virtual click wheel, the click wheel and click wheel controller may be part of the touch screen  112  and the display controller  156 , respectively. For a virtual click wheel, the click wheel may be either an opaque or semitransparent object that appears and disappears on the touch screen display in response to user interaction with the device. In some embodiments, a virtual click wheel is displayed on the touch screen of a portable multifunction device and operated by user contact with the touch screen. 
     The device  100  also includes a power system  162  for powering the various components. The power system  162  may include a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices. 
     The device  100  may also include one or more optical sensors  164 .  FIGS. 1A and 1B  show an optical sensor coupled to an optical sensor controller  158  in I/O subsystem  106 . The optical sensor  164  may include charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistors. The optical sensor  164  receives light from the environment, projected through one or more lens, and converts the light to data representing an image. In conjunction with an imaging module  143  (also called a camera module), the optical sensor  164  may capture still images or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the back of the device  100 , opposite the touch screen display  112  on the front of the device, so that the touch screen display may be used as a viewfinder for either still and/or video image acquisition. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the front of the device so that the user&#39;s image may be obtained for videoconferencing while the user views the other video conference participants on the touch screen display. In some embodiments, the position of the optical sensor  164  can be changed by the user (e.g., by rotating the lens and the sensor in the device housing) so that a single optical sensor  164  may be used along with the touch screen display for both video conferencing and still and/or video image acquisition. 
     The device  100  may also include one or more proximity sensors  166 .  FIGS. 1A and 1B  show a proximity sensor  166  coupled to the peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, the proximity sensor  166  may be coupled to an input controller  160  in the I/O subsystem  106 . The proximity sensor  166  may perform as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/241,839, “Proximity Detector In Handheld Device”; Ser. No. 11/240,788, “Proximity Detector In Handheld Device”; Ser. No. 11/620,702, “Using Ambient Light Sensor To Augment Proximity Sensor Output”; Ser. No. 11/586,862, “Automated Response To And Sensing Of User Activity In Portable Devices”; and Ser. No. 11/638,251, “Methods And Systems For Automatic Configuration Of Peripherals,” which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. In some embodiments, the proximity sensor turns off and disables the touch screen  112  when the multifunction device is placed near the user&#39;s ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call). In some embodiments, the proximity sensor keeps the screen off when the device is in the user&#39;s pocket, purse, or other dark area to prevent unnecessary battery drainage when the device is a locked state. 
     The device  100  may also include one or more accelerometers  168 .  FIGS. 1A and 1B  show an accelerometer  168  coupled to the peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, the accelerometer  168  may be coupled to an input controller  160  in the I/O subsystem  106 . The accelerometer  168  may perform as described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 20050190059, “Acceleration-based Theft Detection System for Portable Electronic Devices,” and U.S. Patent Publication No. 20060017692, “Methods And Apparatuses For Operating A Portable Device Based On An Accelerometer,” both of which are which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. In some embodiments, information is displayed on the touch screen display in a portrait view or a landscape view based on an analysis of data received from the one or more accelerometers. 
     In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory  102  may include an operating system  126 , a communication module (or set of instructions)  128 , a contact/motion module (or set of instructions)  130 , a graphics module (or set of instructions)  132 , a text input module (or set of instructions)  134 , a Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set of instructions)  135 , and applications (or set of instructions)  136 . 
     The operating system  126  (e.g., Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components. 
     The communication module  128  facilitates communication with other devices over one or more external ports  124  and also includes various software components for handling data received by the RF circuitry  108  and/or the external port  124 . The external port  124  (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the 30-pin connector used on iPod (trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.) devices. 
     The contact/motion module  130  may detect contact with the touch screen  112  (in conjunction with the display controller  156 ) and other touch sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). The contact/motion module  130  includes various software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact, such as determining if contact has occurred, determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across the touch screen  112 , and determining if the contact has been broken (i.e., if the contact has ceased). Determining movement of the point of contact may include determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. These operations may be applied to single contacts (e.g., one finger contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g., “multitouch”/multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments, the contact/motion module  130  and the display controller  156  also detects contact on a touchpad. In some embodiments, the contact/motion module  130  and the controller  160  detects contact on a click wheel. 
     The graphics module  132  includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics on the touch screen  112 , including components for changing the intensity of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics” includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including without limitation text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations and the like. 
     The text input module  134 , which may be a component of graphics module  132 , provides soft keyboards for entering text in various applications (e.g., contacts  137 , e-mail  140 , IM  141 , blogging  142 , browser  147 , and any other application that needs text input). 
     The GPS module  135  determines the location of the device and provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone  138  for use in location-based dialing, to camera  143  and/or blogger  142  as picture/video metadata, and to applications that provide location-based services such as weather widgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets). 
     The applications  136  may include the following modules (or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof:
         a contacts module  137  (sometimes called an address book or contact list);   a telephone module  138 ;   a video conferencing module  139 ;   an e-mail client module  140 ;   an instant messaging (IM) module  141 ;   a blogging module  142 ;   a camera module  143  for still and/or video images;   an image management module  144 ;   a video player module  145 ;   a music player module  146 ;   a browser module  147 ;   a calendar module  148 ;   widget modules  149 , which may include weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  149 - 3 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , dictionary widget  149 - 5 , and other widgets obtained by the user, as well as user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   widget creator module  150  for making user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   search module  151 ;   video and music player module  152 , which merges video player module  145  and music player module  146 ;   notes module  153 ;   map module  154 ; and/or   online video module  155 .       

     Examples of other applications  136  that may be stored in memory  102  include other word processing applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice replication. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the contacts module  137  may be used to manage an address book or contact list, including: adding name(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book; associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or other information with a name; associating an image with a name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers or e-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications by telephone  138 , video conference  139 , e-mail  140 , or IM  141 ; and so forth. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the telephone module  138  may be used to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers in the address book  137 , modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation and disconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As noted above, the wireless communication may use any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , contact list  137 , and telephone module  138 , the videoconferencing module  139  may be used to initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user and one or more other participants. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the e-mail client module  140  may be used to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail. In conjunction with image management module  144 , the e-mail module  140  makes it very easy to create and send e-mails with still or video images taken with camera module  143 . 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the instant messaging module  141  may be used to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to an instant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit a respective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service (SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-based instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS for Internet-based instant messages), to receive instant messages and to view received instant messages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or received instant messages may include graphics, photos, audio files, video files and/or other attachments as are supported in a MMS and/or an Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging” refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , image management module  144 , and browsing module  147 , the blogging module  142  may be used to send text, still images, video, and/or other graphics to a blog (e.g., the user&#39;s blog). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor(s)  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and image management module  144 , the camera module  143  may be used to capture still images or video (including a video stream) and store them into memory  102 , modify characteristics of a still image or video, or delete a still image or video from memory  102 . 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and camera module  143 , the image management module  144  may be used to arrange, modify or otherwise manipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/or video images. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , and speaker  111 , the video player module  145  may be used to display, present or otherwise play back videos (e.g., on the touch screen or on an external, connected display via external port  124 ). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , and browser module  147 , the music player module  146  allows the user to download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files. In some embodiments, the device  100  may include the functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the browser module  147  may be used to browse the Internet, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portions thereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , e-mail module  140 , and browser module  147 , the calendar module  148  may be used to create, display, modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendar entries, to do lists, etc.). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , the widget modules  149  are mini-applications that may be downloaded and used by a user (e.g., weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  149 - 3 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , and dictionary widget  149 - 5 ) or created by the user (e.g., user-created widget  149 - 6 ). In some embodiments, a widget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In some embodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , the widget creator module  150  may be used by a user to create widgets (e.g., turning a user-specified portion of a web page into a widget). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the search module  151  may be used to search for text, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory  102  that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the notes module  153  may be used to create and manage notes, to do lists, and the like. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , and browser module  147 , the map module  154  may be used to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data associated with maps (e.g., driving directions; data on stores and other points of interest at or near a particular location; and other location-based data). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , the online video module  155  allows the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen or on an external, connected display via external port  124 ), send an e-mail with a link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats, such as H.264. In some embodiments, instant messaging module  141 , rather than e-mail client module  140 , is used to send a link to a particular online video. Additional description of the online video application can be found in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/936,562, “Portable Multifunction Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Playing Online Videos,” filed Jun. 20, 2007, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/968,067, “Portable Multifunction Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Playing Online Videos,” filed Dec. 31, 2007, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
     Each of the above identified modules and applications correspond to a set of instructions for performing one or more functions described above. These modules (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. For example, video player module  145  may be combined with music player module  146  into a single module (e.g., video and music player module  152 ,  FIG. 1B ). In some embodiments, memory  102  may store a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  102  may store additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     In some embodiments, the device  100  is a device where operation of a predefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusively through a touch screen  112  and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/or a touchpad as the primary input/control device for operation of the device  100 , the number of physical input/control devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) on the device  100  may be reduced. 
     The predefined set of functions that may be performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad include navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by the user, navigates the device  100  to a main, home, or root menu from any user interface that may be displayed on the device  100 . In such embodiments, the touchpad may be referred to as a “menu button.” In some other embodiments, the menu button may be a physical push button or other physical input/control device instead of a touchpad. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a portable multifunction device  100  having a touch screen  112  in accordance with some embodiments. The touch screen may display one or more graphics within user interface (UI)  200 . In this embodiment, as well as others, a user may select one or more of the graphics by making contact or touching the graphics, for example, with one or more fingers  202  (not drawn to scale in the figure). In some embodiments, selection of one or more graphics occurs when the user breaks contact with the one or more graphics. In some embodiments, the contact may include a gesture, such as one or more taps, one or more swipes (from left to right, right to left, upward and/or downward) and/or a rolling of a finger (from right to left, left to right, upward and/or downward) that has made contact with the device  100 . In some embodiments, inadvertent contact with a graphic may not select the graphic. For example, a swipe gesture that sweeps over an application icon may not select the corresponding application when the gesture corresponding to selection is a tap. 
     The device  100  may also include one or more physical buttons, such as “home” or menu button  204 . As described previously, the menu button  204  may be used to navigate to any application  136  in a set of applications that may be executed on the device  100 . Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as a soft key in a GUI in touch screen  112 . 
     In one embodiment, the device  100  includes a touch screen  112 , a menu button  204 , a push button  206  for powering the device on/off and locking the device, volume adjustment button(s)  208 , a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card slot  210 , a head set jack  212 , and a docking/charging external port  124 . The push button  206  may be used to turn the power on/off on the device by depressing the button and holding the button in the depressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by depressing the button and releasing the button before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an unlock process. In an alternative embodiment, the device  100  also may accept verbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions through the microphone  113 . 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) and associated processes that may be implemented on a portable multifunction device  100 . 
       FIGS. 3A-3C  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for unlocking a portable electronic device in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, user interface  300 A includes the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:
         Unlock image  302  that is moved with a finger gesture to unlock the device;   Arrow  304  that provides a visual cue to the unlock gesture;   Channel  306  that provides additional cues to the unlock gesture;   Time  308 ;   Day  310 ;   Date  312 ; and   Wallpaper image  314 .       

     In some embodiments, in addition to or in place of wallpaper image  314 , an unlock user interface may include a device charging status icon  316  and a headset charging status icon  318  (e.g., UI  300 B,  FIG. 3B ). The device charging status icon  316  indicates the battery status while the device  100  is being recharged (e.g., in a dock). Similarly, headset charging status icon  318  indicates the battery status of a headset associated with device  100  (e.g., a Bluetooth headset) while the headset is being recharged (e.g., in another portion of the dock). 
     In some embodiments, the device detects contact with the touch-sensitive display (e.g., a user&#39;s finger making contact on or near the unlock image  302 ) while the device is in a user-interface lock state. The device moves the unlock image  302  in accordance with the contact. The device transitions to a user-interface unlock state if the detected contact corresponds to a predefined gesture, such as moving the unlock image across channel  306 . Conversely, the device maintains the user-interface lock state if the detected contact does not correspond to the predefined gesture. This process saves battery power by ensuring that the device is not accidentally awakened. This process is easy for users to perform, in part because of the visual cue(s) provided on the touch screen. 
     In some embodiments, after detecting an unlock gesture, the device displays a passcode (or password) interface (e.g., UI  300 C,  FIG. 3C ) for entering a passcode to complete the unlock process. The addition of a passcode protects against unauthorized use of the device. In some embodiments, the passcode interface includes an emergency call icon that permits an emergency call (e.g., to 911) without entering the passcode. In some embodiments, the use of a passcode is a user-selectable option (e.g., part of settings  412 ). 
     As noted above, processes that use gestures on the touch screen to unlock the device are described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/322,549, “Unlocking A Device By Performing Gestures On An Unlock Image,” filed Dec. 23, 2005, and Ser. No. 11/322,550, “Indication Of Progress Towards Satisfaction Of A User Input Condition,” filed Dec. 23, 2005, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
       FIGS. 4A and 4B  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for a menu of applications on a portable multifunction device in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, user interface  400 A includes the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:
         Signal strength indicator(s)  402  for wireless communication(s), such as cellular and Wi-Fi signals;   Time  404 ;   Battery status indicator  406 ;   Tray  408  with icons for frequently used applications, such as:
           Phone  138 , which may include an indicator  414  of the number of missed calls or voicemail messages;   E-mail client  140 , which may include an indicator  410  of the number of unread e-mails;   Browser  147 ; and   Music player  146 ; and   
           Icons for other applications, such as:
           IM  141 ;   Image management  144 ;   Camera  143 ;   Video player  145 ;   Weather  149 - 1 ;   Stocks  149 - 2 ;   Blog  142 ;   Calendar  148 ;   Calculator  149 - 3 ;   Alarm clock  149 - 4 ;   Dictionary  149 - 5 ; and   User-created widget  149 - 6 .   
               

     In some embodiments, user interface  400 B includes the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:
           402 ,  404 ,  406 ,  141 ,  148 ,  144 ,  143 ,  149 - 3 ,  149 - 2 ,  149 - 1 ,  149 - 4 ,  410 ,  414 ,  138 ,  140 , and  147 , as described above;   Bluetooth indicator  405 ;   Map  154 ;   Notes  153 ;   Settings  412 , which provides access to settings for the device  100  and its various applications  136 , as described further below;   Video and music player module  152 , also referred to as iPod (trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.) module  152 ; and   Online video module  155 , also referred to as YouTube (trademark of Google, Inc.) module  155 .       

     In some embodiments, UI  400 A or  400 B displays all of the available applications  136  on one screen so that there is no need to scroll through a list of applications (e.g., via a scroll bar). In some embodiments, as the number of applications increase, the icons corresponding to the applications may decrease in size so that all applications may be displayed on a single screen without scrolling. In some embodiments, having all applications on one screen and a menu button enables a user to access any desired application with at most two inputs, such as activating the menu button  204  and then activating the desired application (e.g., by a tap or other finger gesture on the icon corresponding to the application). In some embodiments, a predefined gesture on the menu button  204  (e.g., a double tap or a double click) acts as a short cut that initiates display of a particular user interface in a particular application. In some embodiments, the short cut is a user-selectable option (e.g., part of settings  412 ). For example, if the user makes frequent calls to persons listed in a Favorites UI (e.g., UI  2700 A,  FIG. 27A ) in the phone  138 , the user may choose to have the Favorites UI be displayed in response to a double click on the menu button. As another example, the user may choose to have a UI with information about the currently playing music (e.g., UI  4300 S,  FIG. 43S ) be displayed in response to a double click on the menu button. 
     In some embodiments, UI  400 A or  400 B provides integrated access to both widget-based applications and non-widget-based applications. In some embodiments, all of the widgets, whether user-created or not, are displayed in UI  400 A or  400 B. In other embodiments, activating the icon for user-created widget  149 - 6  may lead to another UI that contains the user-created widgets or icons corresponding to the user-created widgets. 
     In some embodiments, a user may rearrange the icons in UI  400 A or  400 B, e.g., using processes described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/459,602, “Portable Electronic Device With Interface Reconfiguration Mode,” filed Jul. 24, 2006, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. For example, a user may move application icons in and out of tray  408  using finger gestures. 
     In some embodiments, UI  400 A or  400 B includes a gauge (not shown) that displays an updated account usage metric for an account associated with usage of the device (e.g., a cellular phone account), as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/322,552, “Account Information Display For Portable Communication Device,” filed Dec. 23, 2005, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
     In some embodiments, a signal strength indicator  402  ( FIG. 4B ) for a WiFi network is replaced by a symbol for a cellular network (e.g., the letter “E” for an EDGE network,  FIG. 4A ) when the device switches from using the WiFi network to using the cellular network for data transmission (e.g., because the WiFi signal is weak or unavailable). 
       FIGS. 5A-5J  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for displaying and navigating a portion of a web page in accordance with some embodiments. 
     In some embodiments, UIs  500 A- 500 E and UI  500 J ( FIGS. 5A-5E  and  5 J) include the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:
           402 ,  404 , and  406  as described above;   Status bar  501  for displaying one or more status indicators, such as the signal strength indicator  402 , time  404 , and battery status indicator  406 ;   Previous page icon  502  that when activated (e.g., by a finger tap on the icon) initiates display of the previous web page;   Web page name  504 ;   Next page icon  506  that when activated (e.g., by a finger tap on the icon) initiates display of the next web page;   URL (Uniform Resource Locator) entry area  508  for inputting URLs or other Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) of web pages;   Refresh icon  510  that when activated (e.g., by a finger tap on the icon) initiates a refresh of the web page;   Portions  512  of a web page (e.g., bottom portion  512 - 3  ( FIG. 5A ), intermediate portion  512 - 2  ( FIG. 5J ), and top portion  512 - 1  (FIG.  5 D));   Bookmarks icon  518  that when activated (e.g., by a finger tap on the icon) initiates display of a bookmarks list or menu for the browser;   Add bookmark icon  520  that when activated (e.g., by a finger tap on the icon) initiates display of a UI for adding bookmarks; and   New window icon  522  that when activated (e.g., by a finger tap on the icon) initiates display of a UI for adding new windows (e.g., web pages) to the browser, and which may also indicate the number of windows (e.g., “4” in icon  522 ,  FIG. 5A ).       

     In some embodiments, a portion  512  of the web page  51  (e.g., portion  512 - 3  that displays items 96 to 100 on a web page with a “Top 100 List,”  FIG. 5A ) is displayed in a web browser application  147 , without concurrently displaying a URL entry area  508  for inputting URLs of web pages (e.g., UI  500 A,  FIG. 5A ). 
     In response to detecting a gesture  580  (UI  500 B,  FIG. 5B ) on a predefined area at the top of the touch screen display (e.g., status bar  501 ), a URL entry area  508  is displayed (UI  500 C,  FIG. 5C ). In some embodiments, in response to detecting the gesture on the predefined area at the top of the touch screen display, the web page is translated (e.g., scrolled) to display the top portion of the web page (e.g., portion  512 - 1  that displays items 1 to 4 on the web page with the “Top 100 List,”  FIG. 5D ). 
     In some embodiments, UIs  500 F- 500 I ( FIGS. 5F-5I ) include the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:
           402 ,  404 ,  406 ,  501 ,  504 , and  508 , as described above;   Cancel icon  505  that when activated (e.g., by a finger tap on the icon) cancels a URL or search term input process and ceases display of the corresponding keyboard (e.g., URL input keyboard  550  or Search input keyboard  562 , described below);   URL clear icon  532  that when activated (e.g., by a finger tap on the icon) clears any input in URL text entry area  508 ;   Search term entry area  534  for displaying search terms input for web searches;   URL input keyboard  550  ( FIG. 5F ) with period key  556 , backslash key  558 , “.com” key  552 , and “Go” key  560 , which streamlines entering common characters in URLs;   Alternate keyboard selector icons  554  ( FIG. 5F) and 564  ( FIG. 5H ) that when activated (e.g., by a finger tap on the icon) initiates the display of a different keyboard (e.g., a number/symbol keyboard, not shown);   Search input keyboard  562  ( FIG. 5H ) with alternate keyboard selector icon  564 , space icon  568  and search icon  570 , for entering search term(s); and   Background web page portion  572  for providing application context and that when activated (e.g., by a finger tap on the portion  572 ) cancels the URL or search term input process and ceases display of the corresponding keyboard (e.g., URL input keyboard  550  or Search input keyboard  562 ).       

     In some embodiments, a gesture  582  is detected on URL entry area  508  (UI  500 E,  FIG. 5E ). In response to detecting the gesture  582  on the URL entry area  508 , URL input keyboard  550  is displayed for entering text such as letter, number, punctuation and other symbols, in the URL entry area  508  (UI  500 F,  FIG. 5F ). In some embodiments, in response to detecting the gesture  582  on the URL entry area  508 , a search term entry area (e.g., area  534 ) is also displayed for inputting search terms for web searches (UI  500 F,  FIG. 5F ). 
     In some embodiments, a gesture  584  is detected on search term entry area  534  (UI  500 G,  FIG. 5G ). In response to detecting the gesture  584  on search term entry area  534 , URL input keyboard  550  for entering characters in the URL text entry area  508  is replaced with search input keyboard  562  for entering characters in the search term entry area  534  (UI  500 H,  FIG. 5H ). 
     The user interfaces in  FIGS. 5A-5J  are used to illustrate the processes described below with respect to  FIGS. 7A-7C  and  8 A- 8 C. 
       FIGS. 6A-6D  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for displaying and navigating a portion of an electronic document (e.g., an electronic note with a shopping list) in accordance with some embodiments. 
     In some embodiments, UIs  600 A- 600 D ( FIGS. 6A-6D ) include the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:
           402 ,  404 ,  406 , and  501 , as described above;   Title  610  of the electronic document;   Portions  614  of an electronic document (e.g., bottom portion  614 - 3  ( FIG. 6A ), intermediate portion  614 - 2  ( FIG. 6D ), and top portion  614 - 1  (FIG.  6 C));   Add note icon  616  that when activated (e.g., by a finger tap on the icon) initiates display of a new note (not shown);   Notes icon  620  that when activated (e.g., by a finger tap on the icon) initiates display of a list of notes in the notes application  153  (not shown);   Previous note icon  632  that when activated (e.g., by a finger tap on the icon) initiates display of the previous note (not shown);   Create email icon  634  that when activated (e.g., by a finger tap on the icon) initiates transfer to the email application  140  and display of a UI for creating an email message (not shown);   Trash icon  636  that when activated (e.g., by a finger tap on the icon) initiates display of a UI for deleting the note; and   Next note icon  638  that when activated (e.g., by a finger tap on the icon) initiates display of the next note (not shown).       

     In some embodiments, a portion of an electronic document is displayed on the touch screen (e.g., portion  614 - 3  that displays items 9 to 14 of an electronic note with a Christmas Shopping List,  FIG. 6A ). In some embodiments, a gesture  680  ( FIG. 6B ) is detected in a predefined area at the top of the touch screen display (e.g., status bar  501 ,  FIG. 6B ). In response to detecting the gesture  680  at the top of the touch screen display, a top portion of the electronic document is displayed (e.g., portion  614 - 1  that displays items 1 to 6 of the electronic note with the Christmas Shopping List,  FIG. 6C ). 
     In some embodiments, an upward swipe gesture  688  ( FIG. 6C ) is detected on the touch screen display (UI  600 C,  FIG. 6C ). In response to detecting the upward swipe gesture on the touch screen display, the electronic document is translated to display a portion of the electronic document other than the top portion of the electronic document. For example, in response to detecting the upward swipe gesture  688  on the touch screen display, the electronic note is translated (e.g., scrolled) to display portion  614 - 2  ( FIG. 6D ) rather than the top portion  614 - 1  of the note ( FIG. 6C ). 
     The user interfaces in  FIGS. 6A-6D  are used to illustrate the process described below with respect to  FIGS. 8A-8C . 
       FIGS. 7A-7C  are a flow diagram illustrating a method of displaying and navigating a portion of a web page in accordance with some embodiments. The method  7000  is performed at a portable electronic device with a touch screen display (e.g., portable multifunction device  100 ). 
     The device displays ( 7020 ) a portion of a web page (e.g., portion  512 - 3  that displays items 96 to 100 on a web page with a “Top 100 List,”  FIG. 5A ) in a web browser application  147  without concurrently displaying a URL entry area  508  for inputting URLs of web pages. 
     The device detects ( 7040 ) a gesture in a predefined area at the top of the touch screen display. For example, a gesture  580  (UI  500 B,  FIG. 5B ) is detected on status bar  501 . 
     In some embodiments, the gesture (e.g., gesture  580 ,  FIG. 5B ) is a finger gesture ( 7060 ). In some embodiments, the finger gesture is a finger tap gesture ( 7080 ) (e.g., a single tap gesture or a double tap gesture). 
     In some embodiments, the gesture is made with a stylus ( 7100 ). In some embodiments, the gesture is a tap gesture ( 7120 ) (e.g., a single tap gesture or a double tap gesture). 
     In some embodiments, the predefined area at the top of the touch screen display is a status bar ( 7140 ) for the portable electronic device (e.g., status bar  501 ). In some embodiments, the gesture  580  may be detected anywhere along the top of the touch screen display (e.g., anywhere along the status bar  501 ) so that the user does not need to touch a precise location. 
     In response to detecting the gesture  580  in the predefined area at the top of the touch screen display, the device displays ( 7160 ) the URL entry area  508  ( FIG. 5C ), thereby providing a simple and efficient way for a user to display a URL entry area with the address of a displayed web page. 
     In some embodiments, in response to detecting the gesture  580  in the predefined area at the top of the touch screen display, the device also translates ( 7180 ) the web page to display the top portion  512 - 1  of the web page (e.g., UI  500 D,  FIG. 5D ). In these embodiments, in response to a single gesture, the device displays a URL entry area and also displays the top portion of the web page, thereby simplifying navigation of the web page and use of the browser application. In some embodiments, the top portion  512 - 1  of the web page is displayed ( 7200 ) adjacent to the URL entry area  508  ( FIG. 5D ). 
     In some embodiments, the device detects ( 7220 ) a gesture on the URL entry area  508  (e.g., gesture  582 ,  FIG. 5E ). In response to detecting the gesture on the URL entry area  508 , the device displays ( 7240 ) a soft keyboard for entering text in the URL entry area  508  (e.g., URL input keyboard  550  in UI  500 F,  FIG. 5F ). In some embodiments, in response to detecting the gesture on the URL entry area  508 , the device also displays a background web page portion  572  to provide application context ( FIG. 5F ). In some embodiments, the background web page portion  572  is a darkened portion of the web page. 
     In some embodiments, the soft keyboard  550  for entering text in the URL entry area  508  includes ( 7260 ) a single key for entering “.com” in the URL entry area (e.g., “.com” key  552 ,  FIG. 5F ). 
     In some embodiments, in response to detecting the gesture (e.g., gesture  582 ,  FIG. 5E ) on the URL entry area  508 , the device displays ( 7280 ): a soft keyboard for entering text in the URL entry area, and a search term entry area for inputting search terms for web searches (e.g., URL input keyboard  550  and search term entry area  534  in UI  500 F,  FIG. 5F ). 
     In some embodiments, the device detects ( 7300 ) a gesture on the search term entry area (e.g., gesture  584 ,  FIG. 5G ). In response to detecting the gesture  584  on the search term entry area, the device replaces ( 7320 ) the display of the soft keyboard for entering text in the URL entry area with display of a soft keyboard for entering text in the search term entry area. For example, URL input keyboard  550  ( FIG. 5G ) for entering characters in the URL text entry area  508  ( FIG. 5G ) is replaced with search input keyboard  562  ( FIG. 5H ) for entering text in the search term entry area  534  ( FIG. 5H ). In some embodiments, in response to gestures (e.g.,  582  and  534 ) on the URL entry area  508  and the search term entry area  534 , the device displays the corresponding keyboard (e.g.,  550  and  562 , respectively). 
     In some embodiments, the device detects ( 7340 ) an upward swipe gesture on the touch screen display (e.g., gesture  586 ,  FIG. 5E ). In response to detecting the upward swipe gesture  586  on the touch screen display, the device translates ( 7360 ) the web page (e.g., from portion  512 - 1  ( FIG. 5E ) to portion  512 - 2  ( FIG. 5J )) and ceases to display the URL entry area  508 , thereby hiding the URL entry area  508  when the top portion  512 - 1  of the web page is no longer displayed. 
     A graphical user interface on a portable electronic device with a touch screen display comprises: a portion of a web page in a web browser application (e.g., portion  512 - 3 ,  FIG. 5A ); a URL entry area  508  for inputting URLs of web pages ( FIG. 5C  or  5 D); and a predefined area at the top of the touch screen display (e.g., area  501 ,  FIG. 5A ). Prior to detecting a gesture in the predefined area at the top of the touch screen display, the portion  512  of the web page is displayed in the web browser application without concurrently displaying the URL entry area  508  for inputting URLs of web pages (e.g., UI  500 A,  FIG. 5A ). In response to detecting the gesture (e.g., gesture  580 ,  FIG. 5B ) in the predefined area at the top of the touch screen display, the URL entry area  508  is displayed ( FIG. 5C  or  5 D). 
       FIGS. 8A-8C  are a flow diagram illustrating a method of displaying and navigating a portion of an electronic document in accordance with some embodiments. The method  8000  is performed at a portable electronic device with a touch screen display (e.g., portable multifunction device  100 ). The method  8000  provides a simple and efficient way for a user to quickly display the top of the electronic document, as further described below. 
     The device displays ( 8020 ) a portion of an electronic document on the touch screen display (e.g., portion  512 - 3  of a web page ( FIG. 5A ) or portion  614 - 3  of an electronic note ( FIG. 6A )). 
     The electronic document has ( 8040 ) an electronic document length. The displayed portion of the electronic document has ( 8060 ) a displayed portion length that is less than the electronic document length. For example, the length of the displayed portion  512 - 3  ( FIG. 5A ) of the web page is less than the length of the web page. Similarly, the length of the displayed portion  614 - 3  ( FIG. 6A ) of the electronic note is less than the length of the electronic note. In other words, less than the entire length of the electronic document is displayed on the touch screen display. 
     In some embodiments, the electronic document is a web page ( 8080 ). In some embodiments, the electronic document is a word processing document ( 8100 ). In some embodiments, the electronic document is a PDF file ( 8120 ). In some embodiments, the electronic document is a digital image, a presentation document, or a spreadsheet ( 8140 ). 
     The device detects ( 8160 ) a gesture (e.g., gesture  580  ( FIG. 5B ) or gesture  680  ( FIG. 6B )) in a predefined area at the top of the touch screen display (e.g., status bar  501 ). In some embodiments, the gesture is a contact on any part of the status bar  501 . 
     In some embodiments, the gesture (e.g., gesture  580  ( FIG. 5B ) or gesture  680  ( FIG. 6B )) is a finger gesture ( 8180 ). In some embodiments, the finger gesture is a finger tap gesture ( 8200 ) (e.g., a single tap gesture or a double tap gesture). 
     In some embodiments, the gesture is made with a stylus ( 8220 ). In some embodiments, the gesture is a tap gesture ( 8240 ) (e.g., a single tap gesture or a double tap gesture). 
     In some embodiments, the predefined area ( 8260 ) at the top of the touch screen display is a status bar for the portable electronic device (e.g., status bar  501 ). 
     In response to detecting the gesture in the predefined area at the top of the touch screen display, the device displays ( 8280 ) a top portion of the electronic document. For example, in response to detecting the gesture  580  ( FIG. 5B ) in the status bar  501 , the device displays the top portion  512 - 1  of the web page ( FIG. 5D ). Similarly, in response to detecting the gesture  680  ( FIG. 6B ) in the status bar  501 , the device displays the top portion  614 - 1  of the electronic note ( FIG. 6C ). 
     In some embodiments, displaying the top portion of the electronic document includes ( 8300 ) translating (e.g., scrolling) the electronic document to display the top portion of the electronic document. In some embodiments, displaying the top portion of the electronic document includes jumping from a currently displayed portion of the electronic document to a display of the top portion of the electronic document. 
     In some embodiments, if the electronic document is a web page (e.g.,  FIG. 5B ), in response to detecting the gesture  580  in the predefined area at the top of the touch screen display, the device translates ( 8320 ) the web page to display the top portion of the web page and concurrently displays a URL entry area for inputting URLs of web pages. For example, in response to detecting the gesture  580  ( FIG. 5B ) in the status bar  501 , the web page is translated to display the top portion  512 - 1  of the web page and the URL entry area  508  is concurrently displayed ( FIG. 5D ). 
     In some embodiments, the device detects ( 8340 ) an upward swipe gesture (e.g., gesture  586  ( FIG. 5E ) or gesture  688  ( FIG. 6C )) on the touch screen display. In response to detecting the upward swipe gesture on the touch screen display, the device translates ( 8360 ) the electronic document to display a portion of the electronic document other than the top portion of the electronic document. For example, in response to detecting the upward swipe gesture  586  ( FIG. 5E ) on the touch screen display, the device translates the web page to display an intermediate portion  512 - 2  of the web page ( FIG. 5J ), rather than the top portion  512 - 1  of the web page. Similarly, in response to detecting the upward swipe gesture  688  ( FIG. 6C ) on the touch screen display, the device translates the electronic note to display an intermediate portion  614 - 2  of the electronic note ( FIG. 6D ), rather than the top portion  614 - 1  of the electronic note. 
     A graphical user interface on a portable electronic device with a touch screen display comprises: a portion of an electronic document (e.g., portion  512 - 3  ( FIG. 5A ) or portion  614 - 3  ( FIG. 6A ); and a predefined area at the top of the touch screen display (e.g., status bar  501 ). The electronic document has an electronic document length and the displayed portion of the electronic document has a displayed portion length that is less than the electronic document length. In response to detecting a gesture in the predefined area at the top of the touch screen display (e.g., gesture  580  ( FIG. 5B ) or gesture  680  (FIG.  6 B)), a top portion of the electronic document is displayed (e.g., the top portion  512 - 1  of a web page ( FIG. 5D ) or the top portion  614 - 1  of an electronic note ( FIG. 6C )). 
     The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20080627
Publication Date: 20130806
Grant Date: 20130806
Priority Date: 20080627
Inventors: WILLIAMSON RICHARD
LEMAY STEPHEN O.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04886", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0488", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0481", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F40/166", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04886", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 41449180