PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-11955717-B2
Application Number: US-202117471037-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Loading blocks for antennas in system packaging

Abstract:
A radio frequency system package may include waveguides and loading blocks. The loading blocks may include dielectric material having a high dielectric constant between 13 and 20. Additionally, the loading blocks may be made of mold, epoxy, or the like material, and the loading blocks may fit into a region cut out of the waveguides. Moreover, the loading blocks may lower the cut-off frequency for wireless communication otherwise provided by the waveguides without the loading blocks (e.g., 28 GHz). In particular, the loading blocks may facilitate communication in low mmWave frequencies, such as 24 GHz.

Claims:
The invention claimed is: 
     
       1. An antenna array package, comprising:
 a plurality of antennas configured to transmit wireless signals; and 
 a waveguide module comprising:
 a plurality of waveguides; 
 a plurality of loading blocks, wherein a waveguide of the plurality of waveguides is configured to direct a wireless signal of the wireless signals from an antenna of the plurality of antennas and a loading block of the plurality of loading blocks, the plurality of loading blocks comprising a dielectric material; and 
 a plurality of air gaps, wherein an air gap of the plurality of air gaps is disposed between the waveguide and the loading block. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The antenna array package of  claim 1 , wherein the dielectric material comprises a dielectric constant between 3.0 and 20.0. 
     
     
       3. The antenna array package of  claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of air gaps are configured to provide a movement tolerance between the plurality of loading blocks and the plurality of waveguides. 
     
     
       4. The antenna array package of  claim 1 , wherein the dielectric material comprises mold, epoxy, or both. 
     
     
       5. The antenna array package of  claim 1 , wherein respective loading blocks of the plurality of loading blocks are configured to fit within respective waveguides of the plurality of waveguides. 
     
     
       6. The antenna array package of  claim 1 , wherein the plurality of loading blocks couple to the plurality of waveguides. 
     
     
       7. The antenna array package of  claim 1 , wherein the plurality of antennas transmit the wireless signals over a frequency range of 24 gigahertz (GHz) to 300 GHz based at least in part on the plurality of loading blocks. 
     
     
       8. An antenna array package comprising:
 an antenna array; and 
 a waveguide module comprising:
 a plurality of waveguides configured to direct wireless signals communicated from the antenna array; 
 one or more loading blocks coupled to one or more antennas of the antenna array, the one or more loading blocks comprising dielectric material; and 
 one or more air gaps, wherein an air gap of the one or more air gaps is disposed between a waveguide of the plurality of waveguides and a loading block of the one or more loading blocks. 
 
 
     
     
       9. The antenna array package of  claim 8 , wherein the dielectric material comprises zirconia, ceramic, or both. 
     
     
       10. The antenna array package of  claim 8 , wherein the one or more loading blocks are configured to provide an increased frequency range for communicating the wireless signals relative to the waveguide module without the one or more loading blocks. 
     
     
       11. The antenna array package of  claim 10 , wherein the frequency range comprises a millimeter wave (mmWave) range. 
     
     
       12. The antenna array package of  claim 8 , wherein the one or more loading blocks comprise mold. 
     
     
       13. The antenna array package of  claim 8 , wherein the one or more loading blocks comprise epoxy. 
     
     
       14. An antenna array package, comprising:
 one or more antennas configured to transmit and receive wireless signals; and 
 a waveguide module comprising:
 a plurality of waveguides configured to direct the wireless signals from the one or more antennas; 
 one or more loading blocks configured to enable the plurality of waveguides to direct the wireless signals over a range of millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies; and 
 one or more air gaps, wherein an air gap of the one or more air gaps is disposed between a waveguide of the plurality of waveguides and a loading block of the one or more loading blocks. 
 
 
     
     
       15. The antenna array package of  claim 14 , wherein the range of mmWave frequencies comprises at least a frequency of 24 gigahertz. 
     
     
       16. The antenna array package of  claim 14 , wherein the one or more loading blocks comprise dielectric material having a dielectric constant between 13 and 19. 
     
     
       17. The antenna array package of  claim 14 , wherein the one or more loading blocks comprise dielectric material having a dielectric dissipation between 0.01 and 0.1. 
     
     
       18. The antenna array package of  claim 14 , wherein the waveguide is coupled to the loading block. 
     
     
       19. The antenna array package of  claim 14 , wherein the range of mmWave frequencies is based at least in part on a size of the one or more air gaps. 
     
     
       20. The antenna array package of  claim 1 , wherein the dielectric material has a dielectric constant of at least 13. 
     
     
       21. The antenna array package of  claim 1 , wherein the plurality of waveguides is configured to direct the wireless signals over a range of millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies. 
     
     
       22. The antenna array package of  claim 8 , wherein the one or more loading blocks are configured to enable the plurality of waveguides to direct the wireless signals over a range of millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies. 
     
     
       23. The antenna array package of  claim 14 , wherein the one or more loading blocks comprise a dielectric material having a dielectric constant of at least 13. 
     
     
       24. The antenna array package of  claim 1 , wherein a frequency range of the waveguide module is based on a size of the air gap.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     The present disclosure relates generally to wireless communication systems and devices and, more specifically, to improving wireless communications in the systems and devices while conserving space. 
     This section is intended to introduce the reader to various aspects of art that may be related to various aspects of the present disclosure, which are described and/or claimed below. This discussion is believed to be helpful in providing the reader with background information to facilitate a better understanding of the various aspects of the present disclosure. Accordingly, it should be understood that these statements are to be read in this light, and not as admissions of prior art. 
     Generally, a radio frequency device may a chip carrier package, such as a system-in-package (SiP). A system-in-package incorporates substrates, dies, multiple integrated circuits, antennas, and/or other passive devices into a single package. The radio frequency device may support wireless communication over various frequency bands. In particular, the system-in-package of the radio frequency device may include waveguides that confine and direct energy of wireless signals, such as electromagnetic energy, from one point to another to facilitate the wireless communication. The waveguides may be formed in various shapes, such as rectangular or a circular (e.g., a rectangular or circular pipe, tube, cable, etc.). Additionally, the size, shape, and dimension of the waveguides (e.g., cross-section of the waveguides) may correspond to a cut-off frequency. That is, signals communicated over frequencies above the cut-off frequency may propagate through the waveguides with decreased or minimal attenuation while signals communicated below the cut-off frequency may be attenuated. As such, the size, shape, and/or the dimensions of the waveguides in the system-in-package may correlate to the frequency bands to be used for the wireless communication (e.g., tall waveguides to support a broad range of frequency bands). In particular, a depth of the waveguides inversely correlates to the cut-off frequencies. That is, as the overall depth of the waveguides increase, the cut-off frequency decreases. 
     The radio frequency device may communicate wireless signals over low frequencies, such as millimeter wave (mmWave) range frequencies, which include frequencies between approximately 24 gigahertz (GHz) to 300 GHz. To support the wireless communications at a low cut-off frequency (e.g., 24 GHz) for the mmWave range frequencies while reducing or mitigating signal attenuation, the system-in-package of the radio frequency device may include large waveguides (e.g., 1 millimeter or greater in depth). However, fitting large waveguides in the system-in-package to support the mmWave communications may take up space, increase an opening for the system-in-package in the radio frequency device, and undesirably increase the size of the radio frequency devices. 
     SUMMARY 
     A summary of certain embodiments disclosed herein is set forth below. It should be understood that these aspects are presented merely to provide the reader with a brief summary of these certain embodiments and that these aspects are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Indeed, this disclosure may encompass a variety of aspects that may not be set forth below. 
     In one embodiment, an antenna array package includes multiple antennas and multiple waveguides. The multiple antennas transmit wireless signals and the multiple waveguides include multiple loading blocks. The multiple waveguides direct the wireless signals from the multiple antennas and through the multiple loading blocks. The multiple loading blocks include a dielectric material. 
     In another embodiment, a radio frequency system package includes one or more antennas, one or more waveguides, and one or more loading blocks. The one or more antennas transmit and receive wireless signals and the one or more waveguides direct the wireless signals from the one or more antennas. Moreover, the one or more loading blocks enable the one or more waveguides to direct the wireless signals over a range of millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies. 
     In yet another embodiment, a waveguide module of an antenna array package includes one or more waveguides and one or more loading blocks. The one or more waveguides direct wireless signals communicated from the antenna array package. The one or more loading blocks are coupled to the one or more waveguides, in which the one or more loading blocks include dielectric material that has a dielectric constant of at least 13. 
     Various refinements of the features noted above may exist in relation to various aspects of the present disclosure. Further features may also be incorporated in these various aspects as well. These refinements and additional features may exist individually or in any combination. For instance, various features discussed below in relation to one or more of the illustrated embodiments may be incorporated into any of the above-described aspects of the present disclosure alone or in any combination. The brief summary presented above is intended only to familiarize the reader with certain aspects and contexts of embodiments of the present disclosure without limitation to the claimed subject matter. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Various aspects of this disclosure may be better understood upon reading the following detailed description and upon reference to the drawings in which: 
         FIG.  1    is a block diagram of an electronic device, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  2    is a perspective view of a notebook computer representing an embodiment of the electronic device of  FIG.  1   ; 
         FIG.  3    is a front view of a handheld device representing another embodiment of the electronic device of  FIG.  1   ; 
         FIG.  4    is a front view of another handheld device representing another embodiment of the electronic device of  FIG.  1   ; 
         FIG.  5    is a front view of a desktop computer representing another embodiment of the electronic device of  FIG.  1   ; 
         FIG.  6    is a front view and side view of a wearable electronic device representing another embodiment of the electronic device of  FIG.  1   ; 
         FIG.  7    is a cutaway diagram of a side view of a system package of an antenna array module of the electronic device of  FIG.  1    having loading blocks, according to embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  8    is a cutaway diagram of a front view of the system package of  FIG.  7   , according to embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  9    is a perspective diagram of a top view of the system package of  FIG.  8   , according to embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  10    is a process flow diagram of a method for forming the system package having the loading blocks, according to embodiments of the present disclosure; and 
         FIG.  11    is a schematic diagram of the system package of  FIG.  8    without mold between a dielectric substrate and the loading blocks, according to embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS 
     When introducing elements of various embodiments of the present disclosure, the articles “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to mean that there are one or more of the elements. The terms “comprising,” “including,” and “having” are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements other than the listed elements. Additionally, it should be understood that references to “one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, or “some embodiments” of the present disclosure are not intended to be interpreted as excluding the existence of additional embodiments that also incorporate the recited features. Use of the term “approximately” or “near” should be understood to mean including close to a target (e.g., design, value, amount), such as within a margin of any suitable or contemplatable error (e.g., within 0.1% of a target, within 1% of a target, within 5% of a target, within 10% of a target, within 25% of a target, and so on). 
     The present disclosure provides techniques for conserving space in a system package (e.g., a system-in-package) of an antenna array module of a radio frequency device while increasing the range of frequencies for communicating wireless signals from antennas of the system package. In particular, the techniques may include conserving space in the package of the radio frequency device, for example, while supporting wireless communication over a broad range of frequencies. The broader range of frequencies may include lower frequencies of the millimeter wave (mmWave) range frequencies (e.g., 24 gigahertz (GHz) to 300 GHz), such as at least 24 GHz. 
     As will be discussed herein, conserving space within the system package for efficient packaging may include using loading blocks formed from mold and/or high dielectric constant (Dk) material. In particular, a cutoff frequency of signals sent front antennas of the radio frequency device may be defined by the depth of waveguides of the system package. The cutoff frequency and the depth of the waveguides may be inversely correlated. That is, as the depth of the waveguide increases, the cutoff frequency decreases. However, increasing the depth of the waveguides may increase the overall depth of the system package. A dielectric constant of the waveguides (e.g., material of the waveguides) may also define the cutoff frequency, and the cutoff frequency and the dielectric constant of the waveguides may also be inversely related. That is, as the dielectric constant increases, the cutoff frequency may decrease. 
     The dielectric constant may be increased by adding dielectric material to the materials of the waveguides. As such, adding dielectric material to the waveguides (e.g., in place of at least some of the waveguides) may enable communicating the wireless signals at a desired cutoff frequency with a decreased depth than without using dielectric materials (e.g., increasing the depth of the waveguides). That is, using loading blocks of dielectric material (e.g., mold with a high dielectric constant) may effectively provide the same advantage of increasing the depth of the waveguides and/or an opening for the system package, increasing the range of frequencies (e.g., lower end of mmWave frequencies) and decreasing the cut-off frequency for communicating the wireless signals. Moreover, using mold as the material for forming the loading blocks, in which the mold flows and fits a designated area of the system package, may also reduce or prevent increasing the depth of the waveguides. By way of example, the loading blocks may enable the antennas of the system package to communicate at approximately 24 GHz. 
     Enabling communication of the wireless signals over low mmWave frequencies and an overall broader range of frequencies may enable various countries that use different frequencies of the broad range of frequencies for respective communication standards to use the same system package. Thus, manufacturing the system package with the loading blocks may avoid manufacturing custom system packages for each of the countries to communicate over the various different frequencies. Additionally, since the loading blocks are made of mold and/or dielectric material, the loading blocks may be formed in parallel with manufacturing the rest of the system package that includes mold (e.g., antenna array package). That is, each of the portions of the system package may be manufactured at the same or approximately the same time, such that the loading blocks are not manufactured during a separate manufacturing period. In this manner, manufacturing a single design of the system package described herein may facilitate communication in multiple countries, as well as decrease manufacturing costs otherwise associated with custom system packages for each of the countries and/or forming portions of the system package using different manufacturing process at different manufacturing times. 
     Turning first to  FIG.  1   , an electronic device  10  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include, among other things, one or more processor(s)  12 , memory  14 , nonvolatile storage  16 , a display  18 , input structures  22 , an input/output (I/O) interface  24 , a network interface  26 , a power source  28 , and a transceiver  30 . The various functional blocks shown in  FIG.  1    may include hardware elements (including circuitry), software elements (including computer code stored on a computer-readable medium) or a combination of both hardware and software elements. It should be noted that  FIG.  1    is merely one example of a particular implementation and is intended to illustrate the types of components that may be present in electronic device  10 . 
     By way of example, the electronic device  10  may represent a block diagram of the notebook computer depicted in  FIG.  2   , the handheld device depicted in  FIG.  3   , the handheld device depicted in  FIG.  4   , the desktop computer depicted in  FIG.  5   , the wearable electronic device depicted in  FIG.  6   , or similar devices. It should be noted that the processor(s)  12  and other related items in  FIG.  1    may be generally referred to herein as “data processing circuitry.” Such data processing circuitry may be embodied wholly or in part as software, hardware, or any combination thereof. Furthermore, the processor(s)  12  and other related items in  FIG.  1    may be a single contained processing module or may be incorporated wholly or partially within any of the other elements within the electronic device  10 . 
     In the electronic device  10  of  FIG.  1   , the processor(s)  12  may be operably coupled with a memory  14  and a nonvolatile storage  16  to perform various algorithms. For example, algorithms for adjusting input/output power of antennas when operating at particular frequencies, such as millimeter wave frequencies, may be saved in the memory  14  and/or nonvolatile storage  16 . Such algorithms or instructions executed by the processor(s)  12  may be stored in any suitable article of manufacture that includes one or more tangible, computer-readable media. The tangible, computer-readable media may include the memory  14  and/or the nonvolatile storage  16 , individually or collectively, to store the algorithms or instructions. The memory  14  and the nonvolatile storage  16  may include any suitable articles of manufacture for storing data and executable instructions, such as random-access memory, read-only memory, rewritable flash memory, hard drives, and optical discs. In addition, programs (e.g., an operating system) encoded on such a computer program product may also include instructions that may be executed by the processor(s)  12  to enable the electronic device  10  to provide various functionalities. 
     In certain embodiments, the display  18  may be a liquid crystal display (LCD), which may facilitate users to view images generated on the electronic device  10 . In some embodiments, the display  18  may include a touch screen, which may facilitate user interaction with a user interface of the electronic device  10 . Furthermore, it should be appreciated that, in some embodiments, the display  18  may include one or more light-emitting diode (LED) displays, organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays, active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) displays, or some combination of these and/or other display technologies. 
     The input structures  22  of the electronic device  10  may enable a user to interact with the electronic device  10  (e.g., pressing a button to increase or decrease a volume level). The I/O interface  24  may enable the electronic device  10  to interface with various other electronic devices, as may the network interface  26 . The network interface  26  may include, for example, one or more interfaces for a personal area network (PAN), such as a BLUETOOTH® network, for a local area network (LAN) or wireless local area network (WLAN), such as an 802.11x WI-FED network, and/or for a wide area network (WAN), such as a 3 rd generation (3G) cellular network, universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS), 4th generation (4G) cellular network, long term evolution (LTE®) cellular network, long term evolution license assisted access (LTE-LAA) cellular network, 5th generation (5G) cellular network, and/or New Radio (NR) cellular network. In particular, the network interface  26  may include, for example, one or more interfaces for using a Release-15 cellular communication standard of the 5G specifications that include the millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency range (e.g., 24-300 GHz). The transceiver  30  of the electronic device  10 , which includes the transmitter and the receiver, may allow communication over the aforementioned networks (e.g., 5G, Wi-Fi, LTE-LAA, and so forth). 
     The network interface  26  may also include one or more interfaces for, for example, broadband fixed wireless access networks (e.g., WIMAX®), mobile broadband Wireless networks (mobile WIMAX®), asynchronous digital subscriber lines (e.g., ADSL, VDSL), digital video broadcasting-terrestrial (DVB-T®) network and its extension DVB Handheld (DVB-H®) network, ultra-wideband (UWB) network, alternating current (AC) power lines, and so forth. 
     In some embodiments, the electronic device  10  communicates over the aforementioned wireless networks (e.g., WI-FIC), WIMAX®, mobile WIMAX®, 4G, LTE®, 5G, and so forth) using the transceiver  30 . The transceiver  30  may include circuitry useful in both wirelessly receiving the reception signals at the receiver and wirelessly transmitting the transmission signals from the transmitter (e.g., data signals, wireless data signals, wireless carrier signals, radio frequency signals). Indeed, in some embodiments, the transceiver  30  may include the transmitter and the receiver combined into a single unit, or, in other embodiments, the transceiver  30  may include the transmitter separate from the receiver. The transceiver  30  may transmit and receive radio frequency signals to support voice and/or data communication in wireless applications such as, for example, PAN networks (e.g., BLUETOOTH®), WLAN networks (e.g., 802.11x WI-FTC)), WAN networks (e.g., 3G, 4G, 5G, NR, and LTE® and LTE-LAA cellular networks), WIMAX® networks, mobile WIMAX® networks, ADSL and VDSL networks, DVB-T® and DVB-H® networks, UWB networks, and so forth. As further illustrated, the electronic device  10  may include the power source  28 . The power source  28  may include any suitable source of power, such as a rechargeable lithium polymer (Li-poly) battery and/or an alternating current (AC) power converter. 
     In certain embodiments, the electronic device  10  may take the form of a computer, a portable electronic device, a wearable electronic device, or other type of electronic device. Such computers may be generally portable (such as laptop, notebook, and tablet computers), or generally used in one place (such as desktop computers, workstations, and/or servers). In certain embodiments, the electronic device  10  in the form of a computer may be a model of a MacBook®, MacBook® Pro, MacBook Air®, iMac®, Mac® mini, or Mac Pro® available from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California. By way of example, the electronic device  10 , taking the form of a notebook computer  10 A, is illustrated in  FIG.  2    in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. The depicted notebook computer  10 A may include a housing or enclosure  36 , a display  18 , input structures  22 , and ports of an I/O interface  24 . In one embodiment, the input structures  22  (such as a keyboard and/or touchpad) may be used to interact with the computer  10 A, such as to start, control, or operate a graphical user interface (GUI) and/or applications running on computer  10 A. For example, a keyboard and/or touchpad may allow a user to navigate a user interface and/or an application interface displayed on display  18 . 
       FIG.  3    depicts a front view of a handheld device  10 B, which represents one embodiment of the electronic device  10 . For reference, a three-dimensional coordinate axis is provided having an x-axis along a horizontal axis of the electronic device  10 , a y-axis along a vertical axis of the electronic device  10 , and a z-axis along a depth axis of the electronic device  10 . The handheld device  10 B may represent, for example, a portable phone, a media player, a personal data organizer, a handheld game platform, or any combination of such devices. By way of example, the handheld device  10 B may be a model of an iPhone® available from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California. The handheld device  10 B may include an enclosure  36  to protect interior components from physical damage and/or to shield them from electromagnetic interference. The enclosure  36  may surround the display  18 . The I/O interfaces  24  may open through the enclosure  36  and may include, for example, an I/O port for a hardwired connection for charging and/or content manipulation using a standard connector and protocol, such as the Lightning connector provided by Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California, a universal serial bus (USB), or other similar connector and protocol. The I/O interfaces  24  may be associated with wiring and connectors within the radio frequency packaging of the electronic device  10 . The wiring and connectors may reduce available space for placing large waveguides (e.g., approximately greater than 0.5 millimeter (mm) in width along the x-axis  27  and greater than 1 mm in depth along the z-axis  29 ) that facilitate supporting wireless communications over a broad range of frequencies. As shown, the electronic device  10  may include one or more antennas  21  of one or more antenna array packages  23  disposed at an opening  31  of the enclosure  36 . In the depicted embodiment, the electronic device  10  includes the antenna array package  23  with a first antenna  21 A, a second antenna  21 B, a third antenna  21 C, and a fourth antenna  21 D. The antennas  21  may transmit wireless signals over the broad range of frequencies, through the opening  31 . As will be discussed herein, including loading blocks with a particular dielectric constant may enable wireless communications over low frequencies, including at least 24 GHz. 
     The input structures  22 , in combination with the display  18 , may allow a user to control the handheld device  10 B. For example, the input structures  22  may activate or deactivate the handheld device  10 B, navigate user interface to a home screen, a user-configurable application screen, and/or activate a voice-recognition feature of the handheld device  10 B. Other input structures  22  may provide volume control, or may toggle between vibrate and ring modes. The input structures  22  may also include a microphone that may obtain a user&#39;s voice for various voice-related features, and a speaker that may enable audio playback and/or certain phone capabilities. The input structures  22  may also include a headphone input that may provide a connection to external speakers and/or headphones. 
       FIG.  4    depicts a front view of another handheld device  10 C, which represents another embodiment of the electronic device  10 . The handheld device  10 C may represent, for example, a tablet computer, or one of various portable computing devices. By way of example, the handheld device  10 C may be a tablet-sized embodiment of the electronic device  10 , which may be, for example, a model of an iPad® available from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California. 
     Turning to  FIG.  5   , a computer  10 D may represent another embodiment of the electronic device  10  of  FIG.  1   . The computer  10 D may be any computer, such as a desktop computer, a server, or a notebook computer, but may also be a standalone media player or video gaming machine. By way of example, the computer  10 D may be an iMac®, a MacBook®, or other similar device by Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California. It should be noted that the computer may also represent a personal computer (PC) by another manufacturer. A similar enclosure  36  may be provided to protect and enclose internal components of the computer  10 D, such as the display  18 . In certain embodiments, a user of the computer  10 D may interact with the computer using various peripheral input structures  22 , such as the keyboard  22 A or mouse  22 B (e.g., input structures  22 ), which may connect to the computer  10 D. 
     Similarly,  FIG.  6    depicts a wearable electronic device  10 E representing another embodiment of the electronic device  10  of  FIG.  1    that may be configured to operate using the techniques described herein. By way of example, the wearable electronic device  10 E, which may include a wristband  43 , may be an Apple Watch® by Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California. However, in other embodiments, the wearable electronic device  10 E may include any wearable electronic device such as, for example, a wearable exercise monitoring device (e.g., pedometer, accelerometer, heart rate monitor), or other device by another manufacturer. The display  18  of the wearable electronic device  10 E may include a touch screen display  18  (e.g., LCD, LED display, OLED display, active-matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) display, and so forth), as well as input structures  22 , which may allow users to interact with a user interface of the wearable electronic device  10 E. 
     With the foregoing in mind,  FIG.  7    is cutaway diagram of a side view of a system package  50  of an antenna array module of the electronic device  10  of  FIG.  1    having loading blocked. Although the depicted embodiment shows the system package  50  of a particular portion (e.g., a side) of the electronic device  10 , the system package  50  may be disposed in any area of the electronic device  10  that includes antennas  21 . By way of example, an antenna array of the system package  50  disposed on the right side (e.g., in a positive x-axis  27  direction) of the electronic device  10  may radiate signals toward the right direction (e.g., in the positive x-axis  27  direction). Similarly, the antenna array of the system package  50  disposed on the left side (e.g., in the negative x-axis  27  direction) of the electronic device  10  may radiate signals to the left (e.g., in the negative x-axis  27  direction). The antenna array of the system package  50  disposed at a front glass  58  side (e.g., front surface panel) may radiate signals in a positive y-axis  25  direction, and the antenna array of the system package  50  disposed at a back glass side (e.g., rear surface) of the electronic device  10  may be radiate signals in the negative y-axis  25  direction. 
     As shown, the system package  50  may include an enclosure  36 , an antenna array package  23 , a loading block  54 , a waveguide  55 , an adhesive  56 , and a glass module  58 . Although the depicted embodiment shows a portion of the antenna array package  23  coupled to a single loading block  54 , the system package  50  may include one or more antennas  21  (e.g., antennas  21  of  FIG.  3   ) of the antenna array package  23 , in which the one or more antennas  21  are coupled to corresponding one or more loading blocks  54 . For example, the number of loading blocks may correspond to the number of antennas  21  of the antenna array package  23 . In some embodiments, a single loading block may corresponding to multiple antennas  21 , such as two, three, four, and so forth. In either embodiment, the antenna array package  23  may include one or more antennas  21  that transmit and receive wireless signals. Specifically, the antennas  21  may include low-band antennas, mid-band antennas, and high-band antennas. The low-band antennas may enable communication in low-band frequencies, such as 210 MHz to 1.0 GHz while the mid-band antennas may enable communication in mid-band frequencies, such as 1.8 GHz to 2.2 GHz. The high-band antennas may enable communication in high-band frequencies, such as 20 GHz to 80 GHz. Each of the antennas  21  may send wireless signals that are combined to form a beam (e.g., a beamformed signal) in a particular direction over a particular frequency, such as for communicating over the mmWave frequency. 
     The antennas  21  may radiate the wireless signals through the opening  31  in the electronic device  10  of the system package  50  that is proximate the waveguides  55 . That is, the waveguide  55  may guide the wireless signals through an opening  31  of the enclosure  36 . Briefly, and as will be discussed in detail herein, the dimensions of the waveguide  55 , such as the depth of the waveguide  55  along a z-axis  29 , may correlate to the dimensions of the opening  31  (e.g., the size of the opening  31  along the z-axis  29 ). Moreover, the depth along the z-axis  29  of the waveguide  55  and/or the size of the opening  31  may directly correspond to the bandwidth and/or inversely correspond to the cut-off frequency for the wireless signals. For example, a relatively larger depth of the waveguide  55  and/or the size of the opening  31  along the z-axis  29  may correspond to enabling transmission and/or reception of signals having a broader bandwidth and a lower cut-off frequency than a relatively smaller depth of the waveguide  55  and/or relatively smaller size of the opening  31 . 
     Generally, the waveguide  55  confines and directs energy (e.g., of wireless signals) from one region to another of the system package  50  and/or from the wireless electronic device  10 . For example, and as previously mentioned, the waveguide  55  guides the wireless signals through the opening  31 . Typically, the waveguide  55  is a hollow metal tube (often rectangular or circular in cross section) that is capable of directing wireless signals precisely in a particular direction. Moreover, the waveguide  55  may be one of various shapes, such as a rectangle and/or a circle (e.g., a rectangular or circular pipe, tube, cable, etc.). The waveguide  55  may also direct power and function as a high-pass filter. That is, the size, shape, and dimensions of the waveguide  55  (e.g., cross-section of the waveguide  55 ) may correspond to cut-off frequencies, as previously mentioned. 
     The waveguide  55  functioning as a high-pass filter may enable the wireless signals communicated over frequencies above the cut-off frequency to propagate through the waveguide with decreased or minimal attenuation, while attenuating signals communicated below the cut-off frequency. The cut-off frequency for communicating the wireless signals from the antennas of the antenna array package  23  of the system package  50  may be based on the dimensions of the opening  31  (such as the depth of the opening  31  along the z-axis  29 ) and/or the size of the waveguide  55  along the z-axis  29 . As such, the size, shape, and/or the dimensions of the waveguide  55  in the system package  50  may correlate to the frequency bands used for the wireless communication. By way of example, increasing the depth of the waveguide  55  and the size opening  31  in the z-axis  29  enables communication in a broader range of frequency bands. Moreover, the dimensions of the waveguide  55  inversely correlate to the cut-off frequencies. In particular, as the waveguide  55  increases in depth along the z-axis  29 , the cut-off frequency decreases so that the electronic device  10  may communicate at lower frequencies, such as the mmWave range frequencies. Thus, increasing the depth of the waveguide  55  along the z-axis  29  increases the communication range of frequencies for communicating (e.g., broadband) and enables communicating at lower frequencies, such as for mmWave frequency. 
     Specifically, as the waveguide  55  increases in depth along the z-axis  29 , the system package  50  may correspondingly increase in depth along the z-axis  29 , and the size of the opening  31  of the electronic device  10  that accommodates the system package  50  may correspondingly increase. That is, at least the depth of the electronic device  10  along the z-axis  29  may increase as a result of increasing the depth of the waveguide  55  along the z-axis  29 . For example, the waveguide  55  may have a depth of 1 millimeter (mm) along the z-axis  29  that corresponds to a cut-off frequency of approximately 26-28 GHz. As such, increasing the depth of the waveguide  55  along the z-axis  29 , such as to 4.1 mm, may correspond to a cut-off frequency of approximately 24 GHz. However, as previously mentioned, increasing the depth of the waveguide  55  may correspondingly increase the depth of the system package  50  and undesirably increase the size of the electronic device  10  in the z-axis  29  direction. As such, to increase bandwidth while enabling the electronic device  10  to communicate at low frequencies (e.g., at mmWave frequencies) without increasing the depth of the system package  50  and the size of the opening  31  for the system package  50  along the z-axis  29 , the system package  50  may include the loading block  54 . 
     In general, a combination of one or more waveguides  55  and one or more loading blocks  54  may be referred to as a waveguide module  33  (e.g., of the antenna array package  23 ). The loading block  54  may attach to, be a part of, or include the waveguide  55 . For example, portion of the waveguide  55  may be cut out to accommodate the dimensions of the loading block  54 . In this manner, the opening  31  for the system package  50  in the z-axis  29  direction may not increase. However, the electronic device  10  may communicate the wireless signals over more frequencies and at lower frequencies. As will be discussed in detail with respect to  FIG.  8   , the loading block  54  enables a greater range of frequency to be emitted through a waveguide  55  and an opening  31  than without the loading block  54 , by “electrically increasing” the depth of the waveguide  55  and the size of the opening  31  for the waveguide  55  along the z-axis  29  without physically increasing the depth and size along the z-axis  29 . In particular, a dielectric loading of the waveguide  55  may lower the cut-off frequency provided by the dimensions of the waveguide  55 , and the loading block  54  includes dielectric material that increases the dielectric loading of the waveguide  55 . As such, the loading block  54  effectively provides the benefit otherwise provided by increasing the height of the waveguide  55  and the size of the opening  31  along the z-axis  29 , thus “electrically increasing” the height of the waveguide  55  and the size of the opening  31 . 
     Moreover, removing, decreasing, or cutting out a portion of the waveguide  55  to accommodate the loading block  54  may create an air gap  57 . The waveguide  55  may be composed of mold and/or plastic (e.g., injection-molded plastic). The size of the loading block  54  may be based on mechanical considerations of the waveguide  55 . In particular, the waveguide  55  may provide mechanical support to components of the system package  50  and, as such, the portion cut out from the waveguide  55  that accommodates the loading block  54  may include any suitable dimension of cutout to continue providing support to the components. Additionally, the air gap  57  between the loading block  54  and the waveguide  55  may facilitate a movement tolerance that enables movement or precision placement of the loading block  54  and the waveguide  55  within the system package  50 . In particular, the air gap  57  may enable the loading block  54  to move up or down along the y-axis  25 . The dimensions (e.g., size) of the air gap  57  may also contribute to the bandwidth and/or the cutoff frequency for wireless communications. That is, the air gap  57  may also facilitate communication in the mmWave frequency range. 
     In some embodiments, the loading blocks  54  may directly couple or attach to the antennas  21  (e.g., antenna  21 A (as shown) and antennas  21 B-D below antenna  21 A along the y-axis  25 ) of the antenna array package  23  along the x-axis  27  (e.g., rather than by attaching on top of or below the antennas  21  of the antenna array package  23  along the z-axis  29  via the adhesive  56 ). In this manner, the dielectric constant of the waveguide  55  in conjunction with the dimensions of the waveguide  55  and/or the opening  31  may enable the antennas  21  to communicate wireless signals on lower and/or a greater number of frequencies when compared to the dimensions of the waveguide  55  and/or the opening  31  alone (without the loading block  54 ). Enabling communication over lower frequencies and a broader range of frequencies also facilitates compliance with multiple communication standards. For example, different countries may use different frequencies of the broad range of frequencies for wireless communications. As such, the system package  50  with the loading blocks  54  that provides communication over the broad range of frequencies may facilitate wireless communication for multiple communication standards associated with multiple countries. Moreover, manufacturing the system package  50  with the loading blocks  54  may avoid manufacturing a custom system package  50  for each of the countries to communicate over the various different frequencies. In this manner, manufacturing a single design of the system package  50  described herein may facilitate communication in multiple countries, decreasing manufacturing costs otherwise associated with the custom system packages for each of the countries. 
       FIG.  8    is a cutaway diagram of a side view of a system package  50  of an antenna array module of the electronic device  10  of  FIG.  1   , according to embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown and previously discussed, the system package  50  includes the antenna array package  23  and the loading blocks  54 . Although the depicted embodiment and following descriptions describe four loading blocks  54  and four antennas  21  in the system package  50 , which represents a particular embodiment, the system package  50  described herein may include any suitable number of antennas  21 , loading blocks  54 , or the like components (e.g., one, three, five, ten, and so forth). 
     The antenna array package  23  of the system package  50  may include one or more passive integrated circuitry or passive components  62 , such as the depicted first passive component  62 A, second passive component  62 B, third passive component  62 C, fourth passive component  62 D, and fifth passive component  62 E. The passive components  62  may include but are not limited to, resistors, inductors, and/or capacitors. Further, the passive components  62  may contribute to the dimensions of the system package  50 , such as a depth of the system package  50  along the z-axis  29 . 
     The system package  50  may include a first portion of mold  63 A and a second portion of mold  63 B that encapsulate and provide structural support to components in the respective portions (e.g., the passive components  60  in the first portion of the mold  63 A). Generally, the mold  63  may be a cured resin or rubber that is fixed to the one or more components of the package  50 . In other implementations, the mold  63  may be formed by solidification of a liquid, resin, or a gel deposited on the one or more components or a substrate. The liquid, resin, or gel may then be cured in place to produce the mold  63 . As shown, the first portion of mold  63 A encapsulates the passive components  62 . In general, the mold  63  may encapsulate or encase silicon components, including the passive components  62  and/or other silicon components, in a system package  50 , to provide structural support for the silicon components. Additionally or alternatively to encapsulating, the mold  63  may provide support in a substrate form. As shown, the second portion of mold  63 B is a substrate that is coupled to or integrated with the loading blocks  54 . The second portion of mold  63 B also couples to antennas  21  to provide a structural or placement support for the antennas  21 . 
     As shown, a dielectric substrate  67  may be placed on top of the second mold portion  63 B and the passive components  62  may be placed on top of the dielectric substrate  67 , in the positive z-axis  29 . The dielectric substrate  67  may include materials with a high dielectric constant (Dk) (e.g., high Dk). In general, the dielectric constant is the ratio of the permittivity of a substance to the permittivity of free space, and high dielectric may store more energy than low dielectric materials. A “high dielectric” may refer to a dielectric constant between 3 and 20 and a “high dielectric material” may refer to one or more material (e.g., a combination of materials) having a high dielectric constant. As will be discussed herein, in some embodiments, the loading blocks  54  of high dielectric material may have a dielectric constant of approximately 13. In additional or alternative embodiments, the loading blocks may have a high dielectric constant between 14 and 19. 
     As the dielectric constant increases, the electric flux density increases to facilitate holding an electric charge for a period of time. In some embodiments, the system package  50  may also include one or more integrated circuits that facilitate communication with and between other integrated circuits, components, devices and so forth. 
     The system package  50  may also include a board-to-board (B2B) connector  66 . The board-to-board connector  66  may connect to a cable that couples to another package and/or printed circuit board of the electronic device  10 . By way of example, the cable and the board-to-board connector  66  may provide a connection to a main logic board of the electronic device  10 . That is, the board-to-board connector  66  may include an interconnector for the system package  50 , such as for providing an interconnection between components of the system package  50  and the main logic board. The system package  50  may also include solder balls or pads  61  disposed between components of the system package  50 , such as but not limited to the passive components  62  and/or the board-to-board connector  66 . The solder pads  61  include solder (e.g., lead, tin, low-melting alloy, and/or the like) that provide electrical connections between components to facilitate a communication path between the components (e.g., through the dielectric substrate  67 ). 
     Moreover, the system package  50  includes the antennas  21  that emit radio frequency signals through the loading blocks  54 . Although the following descriptions describe four antennas  21  that corresponds to four loading blocks  54  (e.g., a 1:1 ratio), the system package  50  described herein may include one or more antennas  21  for each of the loading blocks  54  or one antenna  21  between multiple loading blocks  54 . As shown, the system package  50  includes a first antenna  21 A, a second antenna  21 B, a third antenna  21 C, and a fourth antenna  21 D. Each of the antennas  21  may be aligned with a respective loading block  54  (e.g., in the x-axis  27  direction). That is, the first antenna  21 A is aligned with a first loading block  54 A, the second antenna  21 B is aligned with a second loading block  54 B, the third antenna  21 C is aligned with a third loading block  54 C, and the fourth antenna  21 D is aligned with a fourth loading block  54 D, in the z-axis  29  direction. The antennas  21  may radiate the wireless signals through the respective loading blocks  54  and the opening  31  for the system package  50 , as guided by the waveguides  55 . 
     As previously mentioned, the loading blocks  54  may increase the range of frequencies for communicating the wireless signals from the antennas  21 , such as by enabling low frequencies (e.g., in the mmWave range). In particular, the dielectric loading of the loading blocks  54  may have a dielectric constant based on dielectric material. That is, the loading blocks  54  may be composed of dielectric material that has a high dielectric constant to increase the dielectric constant inside of the waveguide  55 , enabling the antennas  21  to communicate wireless signals on lower and/or a greater number of frequencies compared to the dimensions of the waveguide  55  and/or the opening  31  alone (without the loading block  54 ). 
     Increasing the dielectric constant inside the waveguide  55  may correspondingly lower the cut-off frequency (e.g., cut-off or filtered by the waveguide  55  and/or the enclosure  36  surrounding the opening  31 ) and enable the antennas  21  to operate at relatively lower frequencies. For example, the antennas  21  of the system package  50  without the loading blocks  54  may communicate over a frequency range of 26 GHz to 30 GHz (e.g., 28 GHz), while the antennas  21  of the system package  50  with the loading blocks  54  may communicate over a frequency range of 20 GHz to 25 GHz (e.g., 24 GHz). As previously mentioned, the dielectric constant is the ratio of the permittivity of a substance to the permittivity of free space, and high dielectric materials may store more energy than low dielectric materials. As the dielectric constant increases, the electric flux density increases to facilitate holding an electric charge for a period of time. Thus, high dielectric material includes material that may store a large amount of energy charge for a period of time. Additionally, using the high dielectric material in the system package  50  may reduce power loss and reduce signal loss. By way of example, high dielectric constant material have include materials having dielectric constants of a range of 3.0 to 20.0. The high dielectric constant material of the loading blocks  54  may include dielectric material that is malleable to form into any shape suitable to fit inside the opening  31  for the system package  50  and/or based on the dimensions of the waveguide  55 . The loading blocks  54  may, additionally or alternatively to the high dielectric constant material, include mold, epoxy, and the like. The loading blocks  54  in the high dielectric constant material, mold  63 , and/or epoxy may initially be in a liquid form to flow and fit a designated area of the system package  50  (e.g., surrounding nearby components) and/or the electronic device  10 . The liquid may harden to a solid or approximately sold material after a particular time period, facilitating an efficient process for forming the loading blocks  54 . That is, flowing and surrounding nearby components may avoid a process of otherwise forming, cutting, and attaching each of the loading blocks  54  to a respective antennas  21  (e.g., avoiding iteratively attaching multiple loading blocks  54 , one-at-a-time, to the antenna array package  23 ). 
     The loading blocks  54  may be tunable (e.g., adjustable) based on a concentration of the high dielectric constant material. That is, the electrical properties of dielectric material of the loading blocks  54  are based on the dielectric constant (Dk) and a dissipation factor (Df). The dissipation factor may include a measure of loss of energy, such as electrical potential energy dissipated in dielectric material (e.g., in the form of heat). The dielectric constant and/or the dissipation factor may change based on the amount of high dielectric constant material added or removed from the loading blocks  54 . The dielectric materials of the embodiments described herein may have a high dielectric constant between 3.0 and 11.0 and a dissipation factor between 0.01 and 0.1 (e.g., better dielectric materials with less dielectric heating). As previously mentioned, the loading blocks  54  may be manufactured similarly to the manufacturing for semiconductor components, such that each of the loading blocks  54  are manufactured simultaneously or approximately simultaneously with the semiconductor components. In this manner, the system package  50  may manufacture each of the components of the system package  50  at the same or approximately the same time and avoid delays otherwise caused by multiple manufacturing processes and associated times. In some embodiments, the system package  50  may include loading blocks  54  formed from zirconia, ceramic, or like materials. In such embodiments, the loading blocks  54  may be formed, cut, and attached to the waveguides  55  via an adhesive. In contrast, loading blocks  54  made from mold and/or epoxy may couple to the waveguides  55  without cutting and attaching since the mold and/or epoxy may conform to fit the system package that includes the waveguides  55  (e.g., as discussed with respect to  FIG.  10   ). 
       FIG.  9    is a perspective diagram of a top view of the system package  50  of  FIG.  8   , according to embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown, the system package  50  includes the antenna array package  23  and the loading blocks  54 . As shown, the antennas  21  aligned with and/or affixed to respective loading blocks  54  may radiate the wireless signals (shown by dashed lines) as guided by the waveguides  55  and through the opening  31  of the system package  50 . In particular, the antennas  21  radiating the wireless signals may include low-band antennas, mid-band antennas, and/or high-band antennas. As previously mentioned, the system package  50  without the loading blocks  54  may communicate signals having frequencies that are over approximately 28 GHz. To enable communicate over lower frequencies, the depth of the corresponding waveguides  55  and/or the size of the opening  31  of the system package  50  may be increased and/or the dielectric loads of the waveguides  55  may be increased (e.g., by increasing either the mass or the dielectric constant of the dielectric load). 
     By way of example, the dielectric load may be increased to enable communication over at least each of the mmWave frequencies, including the 24 GHz. As previously mentioned, the loading blocks  54  enable communication over a broader range of frequencies, such that the same system package  50  with the loading blocks  54  may comply with wireless communication standards for various countries. Moreover, forming the loading blocks  54  with dielectric material enables manufacturing the loading block at the same time as the rest of the components of the system package  50 , reducing or avoiding manufacturing delays otherwise associated with manufacturing the loading blocks  54  separately and subsequently attaching them to components of the system package  50 . 
       FIG.  10    is a process flow diagram of a method  80  for forming the system package  50  with the loading blocks  54 , according to embodiments of the present disclosure. At process block  82 , components and integrated circuits are mounted onto a substrate (e.g., by manufacturing a printed circuit board (PCB)). That is, the components of the system package  50  may be placed on the PCB. Manufacturing the PCB may include a solder paste printer that applies solder paste using a stencil to pads on the PCB. A solder paste inspection (SPI) machine may inspect soldering paste volume per pad. Once the PCB passes inspection, the components and integrated circuits of the system package  50  (e.g., components  62  and/or antennas  21 ) may be placed in the packaging. An automated optical inspection (AOI) machine may verify correct placement and presence, type or value, and/or polarity, of each of the components. The PCB and the components may be placed in a reflow soldering machine where the electrical solder connections (e.g., solder pads  61 ) are formed between the components and PCB by heating the assembly to a suitable temperature. The AOI machine may verify that the solder joint quality is within a threshold for sufficient quality. In some embodiments, an x-ray machine may determine overall PCB quality, such as the solder joint quality, to identify less noticeable issues without damaging the PCB. 
     At process block  82 , mold is transferred to cover the components and integrated circuits on the PCB. Process block  82  may refer to the manufacturing and molding process of the antenna array package  23 , as described with respect to  FIG.  8   . During this processing step, casting material (e.g., mold material) may be forced into a mold cavity or the areas around the components and integrated circuits, and the mold cavity may be heated. The material may be solid or a liquid and initially loaded into a chamber (e.g., a pot). A plunger may force the material from the pot into the mold cavity. If the material is solid, the forcing pressure and mold cavity temperature may melt it to liquid form so that the material shapes into the intended shape and form. In general, transfer molding uses high pressures to uniformly fill the mold cavity so that the components are saturated by the material (e.g., encapsulated). In some embodiments, and as previously discussed, the material may include liquid, resin, and/or a gel material. In some instances, chemical reactions caused by heating the material and/or subjecting it to high pressure may result in unintended by-products. A post mold cure (PMC) process may expose part of the material to higher temperatures for a predetermined time (e.g., 200° C. for four hours) in order to speed up the curing process and to optimize some physical properties of the material, such as to remove the by-products. 
     At process block  86 , mold is transferred to add the loading blocks  54 . In general, process block  86  may refer to the manufacturing and molding process of the loading blocks  54 , as described with respect to  FIG.  8   . The process block  86  includes the same transferring mold process described with respect to process block  84  but includes molding for the loading blocks  54  instead of the components. Additionally, at process block  86 , the material may include the high dielectric constant material, epoxy, mold, and the like, similar to process block  54 . As previously mentioned, the electrical properties of dielectric material of the loading blocks  54  are based on the dielectric constant and the dissipation factor, so the dielectric constant and/or the dissipation can change based on the amount of high dielectric constant material added or removed from the loading blocks  54 . Since the transferring mold process for the loading blocks  54  and the antenna array package  23  includes the same general process, the loading blocks  54  may be manufactured at the same time as the rest of the system package  50 , saving time and costs otherwise associated with manufacturing the loading blocks  54  separately. Specifically, transferring mold for the components (e.g., described with respect to process block  86 ) and transferring mold for the loading blocks  54  may occur in parallel by forming the mold through a left or right side along the x-axis  27  or the y-axis  25  into respective mold cavities. 
     After the mold hardens, at process block  88 , the mold is singulated. A molding machine may divide the mold into individual pieces using a dicer of the molding machine. In some embodiments, the mold may be formed fitted to the antenna array package  23 . In additional embodiments, a large panel of molding of the loading blocks  54  may be diced into smaller portions having dimension that corresponds to the antenna array package  23 . In yet additional embodiments, the substrate of loading blocks  54  may be diced into individual units for individual attachment to the antenna array package  23 . In this manner, the method  80  may form the system package  50  with the loading blocks  54 . 
     To enable even greater bandwidth and lower cut-off frequency,  FIG.  11    is a schematic diagram of the system package  50  of  FIG.  8    without mold between the dielectric substrate  67  and the loading blocks  54 , according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The depicted system package  50  may include the same components and function similarly to the system package  50  described with respect to  FIG.  8   . However, in the embodiment depicted in  FIG.  11   , the system package  50  does not include the second mold portion  63 B. As such, individual loading blocks (e.g., formed during the singulation process described with respect block  88  of  FIG.  10   ) may directly attach to the dielectric substrate  67 . Directly attaching may enable better cross-linking (e.g., electrical coupling) between the dielectric component  67  and the loading blocks  54  since there is a direct connection between organic materials (e.g., mold and dielectric materials). Since the depicted system package  50  does not include the second mold portion  63 A of  FIG.  8    and the overall dimensions of the system package  50  may be the same as depicted in  FIG.  8   , the loading blocks  54  may be larger than the system package  50 . For example, the loading blocks  54  may have additional depth along the z-axis  29  corresponding to depth of the second mold portion  63 B. As such, the relatively deeper loading blocks  54  may have a relatively greater bandwidth and lower cut-off frequency than the shorter loading blocks  54  of system package  50  of  FIG.  8    that includes the second mold portion  63 B. 
     In additional or alternative embodiments, the system package  50  may include an adhesive that attaches the individual loading blocks  54  to the dielectric substrate  67 . The adhesive may include epoxy, glue, or the like, suitable to firmly attach the loading blocks  54  to the dielectric substrate  67 . In other embodiments, the loading blocks  54  may attach to a metal chip that attaches to the dielectric substrate  67 . In yet other embodiments, the loading blocks  54  may attach to the dielectric substrate  67 , such that there is an air gap between the loading blocks  54  and the dielectric material  67 . The air gap may provide flexibility and may be based on mechanical considerations associated with the dielectric substrate  67 , the loading blocks  54 , the system package  50  and/or the electronic device  10 . The air gap may also contribute to the cut-off frequency and range of frequencies supported by the system package  50 . The dimensions of the air gap may directly correlate to the cut-off frequency and inversely correlate to the bandwidth. That is, as the air gap increases (e.g., along the x-axis  27 , the y-axis  25 , and/or the z-axis  29 ), the cut-off frequency becomes higher and the bandwidth becomes lower. In other embodiments, the air gap may be filled with the epoxy, the glue, or the like, removing any space between the loading blocks  54  and dielectric substrate  67 . 
     As such, the loading blocks  54  described herein may electrically increase the depth of the waveguides  55  and/or the size of the opening  31  for the system package  50  without physically increasing the depth of the electronic device  10  along the z-axis  29 , enabling the antennas  21  of the antenna array package  23  to communicate wireless signals over low mmWave frequencies (e.g., 24 GHz) and a broad range of frequencies (e.g., above 24 GHz). Moreover, enabling communication over low frequencies and a broad range of frequencies may enable various countries that use different frequencies of the broad range of frequencies for respective wireless communications to use the same system package  50 . Thus, manufacturing the system package  50  with the loading blocks  54  may be avoid manufacturing custom system packages  50  for each of the countries to communicate over the various different frequencies. Additionally, since the loading blocks  54  are made of mold and/or dielectric material, the loading blocks  54  may be formed in parallel with manufacturing the antenna array package that includes the mold. That is, each of the portions of the system package  50  may be manufactured at the same or approximately the same time, such that the loading blocks  54  are not manufactured during a separate manufacturing period. In this manner, manufacturing a single design of the system package  50  described herein may facilitate communication in multiple countries, as well as decrease manufacturing costs otherwise associated with the custom system packages for each of the countries and/or forming portions of the system package  50  using different manufacturing process at different manufacturing times. 
     The techniques presented and claimed herein are referenced and applied to material objects and concrete examples of a practical nature that demonstrably improve the present technical field and, as such, are not abstract, intangible or purely theoretical. Further, if any claims appended to the end of this specification contain one or more elements designated as “means for [perform]ing [a function] . . . ” or “step for [perform]ing [a function] . . . ,” it is intended that such elements are to be interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f). However, for any claims containing elements designated in any other manner, it is intended that such elements are not to be interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f). 
     It is well understood that the use of personally identifiable information should follow privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining the privacy of users. In particular, personally identifiable information data should be managed and handled so as to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of authorized use should be clearly indicated to users.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20210909
Publication Date: 20240409
Grant Date: 20240409
Priority Date: 20210909
Inventors: YANG, THOMAS WU
QUINONES, MICHAEL D.
RAJAGOPALAN, HARISH
ROSE, GARETH L.
RUPAKULA, BHASKARA R.
WU, JIECHEN
XU, HAO
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H01Q21/08", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/2283", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q13/06", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B7/0413", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B7/12", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/2283", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q21/08", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/243", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/273", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q21/08", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B7/04", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B7/12", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B7/0413", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/2283", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q13/06", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 85385471