PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-11269376-B2
Application Number: US-202017019185-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Electronic device

Abstract:
An input component for an electronic device can include a dial that defines an exterior surface and a shaft affixed to the dial. The dial and the shaft can be rotatable about a central axis of the shaft and the shaft can include a protruding portion that defines a channel. A collar can surround a portion of the shaft and can be at least partially disposed in the channel. A bushing can be positioned between the collar and the protruding portion of the shaft, with the bushing defining a groove.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An input component for an electronic device, comprising:
 a dial at least partially defining an exterior surface of the input component; 
 a shaft affixed to the dial, the dial and the shaft rotatable about a central axis of the shaft, the shaft comprising a protruding portion that defines a channel; 
 a collar surrounding a portion of the shaft and at least partially disposed in the channel; and 
 a bushing positioned between the collar and the protruding portion, the bushing defining a groove positioned adjacent to a surface of the protruding portion that is substantially perpendicular to the central axis of the shaft. 
 
     
     
       2. The input component of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the dial defines a trench including a retention feature; and 
 the input component further comprises a cap at least partially defining the exterior surface, the cap comprising an engagement portion disposed in the trench and mechanically interlocking with the retention feature. 
 
     
     
       3. The input component of  claim 1 , wherein the bushing comprises a resin. 
     
     
       4. The input component of  claim 3 , wherein the bushing comprises an acetal resin. 
     
     
       5. The input component of  claim 1 , wherein the bushing has a height of about 1 mm or less. 
     
     
       6. The input component of  claim 1 , wherein the groove has a height of between 0.01 mm and 0.1 mm. 
     
     
       7. The input component of  claim 1 , wherein the collar defines a ridge that retains the bushing in a desired position on the collar. 
     
     
       8. The input component of  claim 1 , wherein the bushing is press-fit over the collar. 
     
     
       9. The input component of  claim 1 , further comprising a lock ring that affixes the shaft to the dial. 
     
     
       10. An input component for an electronic device, comprising:
 a shaft comprising a planar mounting surface; 
 a lock ring mounted to the mounting surface, the lock ring comprising a protrusion extending perpendicularly from a plane defined by the mounting surface; 
 a dial at least partially defining an exterior surface of the input component, the dial defining a locking feature sized to receive and retain the protrusion; 
 the lock ring fixing the dial to the shaft; and 
 the dial and the shaft being rotatable about a central axis of the shaft. 
 
     
     
       11. The input component of  claim 10 , wherein the lock ring is mounted to the mounting surface by welding, brazing, or an adhesive. 
     
     
       12. The input component of  claim 10 , wherein the protrusion is retained in the locking feature with an adhesive. 
     
     
       13. The input component of  claim 10 , wherein the lock ring comprises sheet metal. 
     
     
       14. The input component of  claim 10 , wherein the lock ring is stamped. 
     
     
       15. The input component of  claim 10 , wherein:
 the protrusion comprises a first protrusion; 
 the locking feature comprises a first locking feature; 
 the lock ring comprises a second protrusion extending perpendicularly from a plane defined by the mounting surface; and 
 the dial defines a second locking feature sized to receive and retain the second protrusion. 
 
     
     
       16. The input component of  claim 10 , wherein:
 the lock ring defines an aperture; and 
 at least a portion of the shaft extends through the aperture. 
 
     
     
       17. An input component for an electronic device, comprising:
 a dial at least partially defining an exterior surface of the input component, the dial further defining a trench surrounding a portion of the exterior surface, the portion of the dial defining the trench further defining an engagement feature having an undercut portion; 
 a cap comprising;
 a visible portion at least partially defining the exterior surface; and 
 an engagement portion extending from the visible portion and interlocking with the undercut portion of the trench; and 
 
 a shaft affixed to the dial, the dial and the shaft being rotatable about a central axis of the shaft. 
 
     
     
       18. The input component of  claim 17 , further comprising an adhesive disposed in the trench. 
     
     
       19. The input component of  claim 18 , wherein the adhesive substantially fills an entire volume of the trench around the engagement portion. 
     
     
       20. The input component of  claim 17 , wherein the undercut portion has a width of between 10 microns and 100 microns.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S) 
     This claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/037,961, filed 11 Jun. 2020, and entitled “ELECTRONIC DEVICE,” the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     The described embodiments relate generally to electronic devices. More particularly, the present embodiments relate to wearable electronic devices. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Electronic devices are increasingly being designed with device portability in mind, for example, to allow users to use these devices in a wide variety of situations and environments. In the context of wearable devices, these devices can be designed to include many different functionalities and to be operated in many different locations and environments. The components of an electronic device, for example, the processors, memory, antennas, display, and other components can partially determine a level of performance of the electronic device. Further, the arrangement of these components with respect to one another in the device can also determine the level of performance of the electronic device. 
     Continued advances in electronic devices and their components have enabled considerable increases in performance. Existing components and structures for electronic devices can, however, limit the levels of performance of such devices. For example, while some components can achieve high levels of performance in some situations, the inclusion of multiple components in devices sized to enhance portability can limit the performance of the components, and thus, the performance of the device. Consequently, further tailoring an arrangement of components for electronic devices to provide additional or enhanced functionality, without introducing or increasing undesirable device properties, can be desirable. 
     SUMMARY 
     According to some aspects of the present disclosure, an input component for an electronic device can include a dial at least partially defining an exterior surface of the input component, a shaft affixed to the dial, the dial and the shaft rotatable about a central axis of the shaft, the shaft including a protruding portion that defines a channel, a collar surrounding a portion of the shaft and at least partially disposed in the channel, and a bushing positioned between the collar and the protruding portion, the bushing defining a groove positioned adjacent to a surface of the protruding portion that is substantially perpendicular to the central axis of the shaft. 
     In some examples, the dial defines a trench including a retention feature, and the input component further includes a cap at least partially defining the exterior surface, the cap including an engagement portion disposed in the trench and mechanically interlocking with the retention feature. The bushing can include a resin. The bushing can include an acetal resin. The bushing can have a height of about 1 mm or less. The groove can have a height of between 0.01 mm and 0.1 mm. The collar can define a ridge that retains the bushing in a desired position on the collar. The bushing can be press-fit over the collar. The input component can further include a lock ring that affixes the shaft to the dial. 
     According to some aspects, an input component for an electronic device can include a shaft including a planar mounting surface, a lock ring mounted to the mounting surface, the lock ring including a protrusion extending perpendicularly from a plane defined by the mounting surface, a dial at least partially defining an exterior surface of the input component, the dial defining a locking feature sized to receive and retain the protrusion, the lock ring fixing the dial to the shaft, and the dial and the shaft being rotatable about a central axis of the shaft. 
     In some examples, the lock ring can be mounted to the mounting surface by welding, brazing, or an adhesive. The protrusion can be retained in the locking feature with an adhesive. The lock ring can include sheet metal. The lock ring can be stamped. In some examples, the protrusion includes a first protrusion, the locking feature includes a first locking feature, the lock ring includes a second protrusion extending perpendicularly from a plane defined by the mounting surface, and the dial defines a second locking feature sized to receive and retain the second protrusion. In some examples, the lock ring defines an aperture and at least a portion of the shaft extends through the aperture. 
     According to some examples, an input component for an electronic device can include a dial at least partially defining an exterior surface of the input component, the dial further defining a trench surrounding a portion of the exterior surface, the portion of the dial defining the trench further defining an engagement feature having an undercut portion, a cap including a visible portion at least partially defining the exterior surface and an engagement portion extending from the visible portion and interlocking with the undercut portion of the trench, and a shaft affixed to the dial, the dial and the shaft being rotatable about a central axis of the shaft. 
     In some examples, the input component can further include an adhesive disposed in the trench. The adhesive can substantially fill an entire volume of the trench around the engagement portion. The undercut portion can have a width of between 10 microns and 100 microns. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The disclosure will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like structural elements, and in which: 
         FIG. 1A  shows a perspective view of an electronic device. 
         FIG. 1B  shows a bottom exploded view of the electronic device of  FIG. 1A . 
         FIG. 2  shows an exploded view of an electronic device. 
         FIG. 3  shows an exploded view of a portion of an electronic device. 
         FIG. 4A  shows a cross-sectional side view of a component of an electronic device. 
         FIG. 4B  shows an exploded cross-sectional view of the component of  FIG. 4A . 
         FIG. 4C  shows a close-up cross-sectional view of a portion of the component of  FIG. 4A . 
         FIG. 4D  shows an exploded cross-sectional view of a portion of the component of  FIG. 4A . 
         FIG. 5A  shows an exploded view of a portion of an electronic device. 
         FIG. 5B  shows a cross-sectional view of the electronic device of  FIG. 15A . 
         FIG. 5C  shows a cross-sectional view of a component of an electronic device. 
         FIG. 5D  shows a cross-sectional view of a component of an electronic device. 
         FIG. 5E  shows a cross-sectional view of a component of an electronic device. 
         FIG. 6A  shows a bottom perspective view of an electronic device. 
         FIG. 6B  shows an exploded view of a portion of an electronic device. 
         FIG. 6C  shows an exploded view of a component of an electronic device. 
         FIG. 6D  shows an exploded view of a component of an electronic device. 
         FIG. 6E  shows an exploded view of a component of an electronic device. 
         FIG. 7A  shows a process flow diagram for a method of detecting a presence of a material near an electronic device. 
         FIG. 7B  shows a process flow diagram for a method of detecting a presence of a material near an electronic device. 
         FIG. 8A  shows a cross-sectional view of a component of an electronic device. 
         FIG. 8B  shows a cross-sectional view of a component of an electronic device adjacent to a user. 
         FIG. 8C  shows a cross-sectional view of a component of an electronic device adjacent to a user. 
         FIG. 8D  shows a cross-sectional view of a component of an electronic device adjacent to a user. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Reference will now be made in detail to representative embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the following descriptions are not intended to limit the embodiments to one preferred embodiment. To the contrary, it is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as can be included within the spirit and scope of the described embodiments as defined by the appended claims. 
     The architecture and components of the electronic devices described herein can allow for configurations and designs that can maximize the number of functions and performance of a portable or wearable electronic device, while also allowing for the use of relatively low cost or abundant materials, and the reduction of manufacturing and assembly complexity and costs. While the use of high performance materials or highly complex components can enable high levels of device performance and functionality, these materials and components can also increase the cost of a device, thereby reducing the number of users who may be able to reasonably afford the device. Accordingly, it can be desirable to provide component designs that can incorporate relatively lower cost materials and that have relatively lower manufacturing complexity, but that still enable levels of performance and functionality that are on par with, or sufficiently close to levels achieved by devices including high performance materials and components. 
     These and other embodiments are discussed below with reference to  FIGS. 1A-7B . However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the detailed description given herein with respect to these Figures is for explanatory purposes only and should not be construed as limiting. 
       FIG. 1A  shows an example of an electronic device  100 . The electronic device shown in  FIG. 1A  is a watch, such as a smartwatch. The smartwatch of  FIG. 1A  is merely one representative example of a device that can be used in conjunction with the systems and methods disclosed herein. Electronic device  100  can correspond to any form of wearable electronic device, a portable media player, a media storage device, a portable digital assistant (“PDA”), a tablet computer, a computer, a mobile communication device, a GPS unit, a remote control device, or other electronic device. The electronic device  100  can be referred to as an electronic device, or a consumer device. In some examples, the electronic device  100  can include a body  101  that can carry operational components, for example, in an internal volume at least partially defined by a housing of the body. The electronic device  100  can also include a strap  103 , or another retaining component that can secured the device  100  to a body of a user, as desired. Further details of the electronic device are provided below with reference to  FIG. 1B . 
     Referring now to  FIG. 1B , the electronic device  100  can include a body  101  having a housing  102  and a cover  110  attached to the housing  102 . The housing  102  can substantially define at least a portion of an exterior surface of the device  100 . The cover  110  can include a ceramic material such as sapphire, glass, plastic, or any other substantially transparent material, component, or assembly. The cover  110  can cover or otherwise overlay a display, a camera, a touch sensitive surface such as a touchscreen, or other component of the device  100 . The cover  110  can define a front exterior surface of the device  100 . Together, the housing  102  and the cover  110  can substantially define the exterior surface of the device  100 . 
     In some examples, the housing  102  can include a component  130  that defines at least an exterior surface of the device  100 . The component  130  can be referred to as a back case or a back cover, and in some examples, can be attached to one or more other components, such as the housing  102 . The component  130  can be attached to the housing  102  by any method known in the art or developed in the future, such as adhesive bonding, brazing, welding, overmolding, interference fitting, or other securing methods. 
     The back cover  130  can define one or more apertures or through holes. A transparent material  132  can be disposed in the one or more apertures. In some examples, the transparent material  132  can be visually transparent and can include any transparent including a ceramic material such as sapphire. The transparent material  132  can provide visual and electromagnetic access to an exterior environment for one or more components of the device  100 , as described herein. 
     The housing  102  can include one or more features to receive or couple to other components of the device  100 . For example, housing  102  can include features, such as an indentation  104  to receive strap  103 , and an aperture  108  to receive a button  148 . The housing can also define one or more apertures to receive additional input components, such as a dial or a crown  146 . 
     The device  100  is merely one example of an electronic device  100 . Additional electronic devices and designs thereof, are expressly contemplated. Further details of example electronic devices and components are provided below with reference to  FIG. 2 . 
       FIG. 2  illustrates an exploded view of a smartwatch  200  that can be substantially similar to, and can include some or all of the features of the devices described herein, such as electronic device  100 . The device  200  can include a housing  202 , a display assembly  210 , and a back cover  230 . Together, the housing  202 , the display assembly  210 , and the back cover  230  can define an exterior surface and an internal volume of the device  200 . 
     The housing  202  can be a substantially continuous or unitary component, and can define one or more openings  204 ,  206 ,  208  to receive components of the electronic device  200  and/or to provide access to an internal portion of the electronic device  200 . In some examples, the device  200  can include input components such as one or more buttons  248  and/or a crown  244  that can be disposed in the openings  206 ,  208 . A microphone can be disposed in the internal volume such that it is in communication with the external or ambient environment through the opening  204 . 
     The display assembly  210  can be received by and can be attached to the housing  202 . The display assembly can include a cover  214  including a transparent material, such as plastic, glass, and/or ceramic. The display assembly  210  can also include a display stack  212  that can include multiple layers and components, each of which can perform one or more desired functions. For example, the display stack  212  can include a display layer  212  that can include a touch detection layer or component, a force sensitive layer or component, and one or more display layers or components that can include one or more pixels and/or light emitting portions to display visual content and/or information to a user. In some examples, the display layer or component  212  can include a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light emitting diode (LED) display, an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display, and/or any other form of display. The display layer  212  can also include one or more electrical connectors to provide signals and/or power to the display layer  212  from other components of the device  200 . 
     In some examples, the device  200  can include a gasket or a seal  216  that can be disposed between the display assembly  210  and the housing  202  to substantially define a barrier to the ingress of liquids or moisture into the internal volume from the external environment at the location of the seal  216 . As described herein, the seal  216  can include polymer, metal, and/or ceramic materials. The device  200  can also include a seal  234  that can be disposed between the housing  202  and the back cover  230  to substantially define a barrier to the ingress of liquids or moisture into the internal volume from the external environment at the location of the seal  234 . As described herein, the seal  234  can include polymer, metal, and/or ceramic materials. The seal  234  can be substantially similar to and can include some or all of the features of the seal  216 . 
     The device  200  can also include internal components, such as a haptic engine  224 , a battery  222 , and a logic board  240 , also referred to as a main logic board  240 , that can include a system in package (SiP)  242  disposed thereon, including one or more integrated circuits, such as processors, sensors, and memory. The SiP can also include a package. 
     In some examples, internal components can be disposed below the main logic board  240  and can be disposed at least partially in a portion of the internal volume defined by the back cover  230 . For example, the device  200  can include an electromagnetic shielding component, otherwise referred to as an e-shield  252 , that can shield other components in the device  200  from electromagnetic radiation from the ambient environment and/or as emitted by other components in the device  200 . The device  200  can also include a second logic board  250  that can be in communication with one or more sensors or emitters of the device  200 , for example, to receive information or signals from an external environment. In some examples, the second logic board  250  can also include a SiP. In some examples, the device  200  can include one or more wireless antennas, such as antenna  254 , that can be in electrical communication with one or more other components of the device  200 . In some examples, the antenna  254  can receive and/or transmit wireless signals at one or more frequencies and can be, for example, one or more of a cellular antenna such as an LTE antenna, a Wi-Fi antenna, a Bluetooth antenna, a GPS antenna, a multifrequency antenna, and the like. The antenna  254  can be communicatively coupled to one or more additional components of the electronic device  200   
     The internal components can be disposed within the internal volume defined at least partially by the housing  202 , and can be affixed to the housing  202  via internal surfaces, attachment features, threaded connectors, studs, posts, or other features, that are formed into, defined by, or otherwise part of the housing  202  and/or the cover  214  and/or back cover  330 . 
     Any number or variety of components in any of the configurations described herein can be included in an electronic device, as described herein. The components can include any combination of the features described herein and can be arranged in any of the various configurations described herein. The structure and arrangement of components of a device, as well as the concepts regarding the use and operation of the components can apply not only to the specific examples discussed herein, but to any number of embodiments in any combination. Various examples of electronic devices and electronic device components including having various features in various arrangements are described below, with reference to  FIGS. 3-4D . 
       FIG. 3  shows an exploded view of several components of an electronic device that can be substantially similar to and can include some or all of the features of the electronic devices described herein. As described with respect to the electronic device  200  of  FIG. 2 , an electronic device can include a housing  302  that can at least partially define an internal volume and an input component, such as a crown or a dial  346  that can be positioned at, and at least partially extend through, an aperture  306  defined by the housing  302 . The crown module  346  can be connected to one or more other components of the device (not shown). 
       FIG. 4A  shows a cross-sectional view of an input component  400  of an electronic device. The input component  400  can be a crown or a dial of a crown module, and can be substantially similar to the dials  246 ,  346  described herein. In some examples, the crown  400  can be a component of a crown module that can be substantially similar to and can include some or all of the features of the crown modules described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,627,163 and 9,753,436, the entireties of which are incorporated by reference herein. 
     The input component  400  can include an outer portion or dial  402  that is connected to a shaft  410 , for example, with a lock ring  406 . The dial  402  can define an exterior surface of both the crown module and the electronic device including the crown module. Further, the dial  402  can be sized and shaped to be manipulated by a user, for example, to be rotated by a user about an axis defined by the shaft  410 . In some examples, the dial  402  can include a cap or a ring  404  that can include a different material than the dial  402 , and that can provide a desired aesthetic appearance to the exterior of the dial  402 . For example, the cap  404  can be brightly colored so as to be readily identifiable by a user. 
     In some examples, the shaft  410  can be affixed to the lock ring  406  by any desired technique, such as one or more of an adhesive, brazing, or welding. In some examples, the shaft  410  can also include a threaded portion that can be received by other components of the crown module (not shown) and that can transmit rotational forces exerted on the dial  402  to the module. All or a portion of the shaft  410  can extend through a collar  420  that can define an aperture or an orifice through which the shaft  410  can pass. The collar  420  can house the shaft  410  and can retain the shaft  410  in a desired position. In some examples, the shaft  410  can include a protruding portion, for example, that protrudes substantially perpendicularly from a central axis of the shaft  410 . In some examples, the protruding portion and a central portion of the shaft can define a channel. One or more gaskets or o-rings  432  can be disposed between the shaft  410  and the collar  420  to provide or define a seal therebetween, for example, to prevent the ingress of liquid or contaminants into the internal volume of the device and/or the crown module. An additional gasket or o-ring  434  can be disposed on another surface of the collar  420  to provide or define a seal between the collar  420  and one or more other components of the crown module. In some examples, a bushing  422  can be mounted on an outer surface of the collar  420  between the collar  420  and the shaft  410 , such as the protruding portion that defines the channel. 
       FIG. 4B  shows an exploded cross-sectional view of the dial  402  and the shaft  410 . As described above, a lock ring  406  can join or affix the dial  402  to the shaft  410 . In some examples, the lock ring  406  can include a metal or metallic material, such as sheet metal, including stamped sheet metal. The shaft can also include a metallic material, and in some examples, the lock ring  406  can be welded or brazed to the shaft  410 , for example, to a planar surface thereof. In some examples, the lock ring  406  can have a substantially circular or ring shape, and can further include one or more protrusions that extend from the ring, such as in a direction that is substantially perpendicular to a plane of the ring. These protrusions can be sized and shaped to correspond to locking features that are defined by the dial  402  so that the protrusions can be receive and/or retained by the locking features of the dial  402 . In some examples, the lock ring  406  and/or protrusions can be affixed to the dial  402  by any technique as desired such as an adhesive. In some examples, however, the lock ring  406  and/or protrusions may only be mechanically received and retained by the dial  402 , for example, to prevent movement of the dial  402  relative to the shaft  410 . 
     In some examples, the dial  402  can define a recess, a cavity, a trench, or a channel that can receive and/or retain the cap  404 , for example, an engagement portion  405  thereof. In some examples, the cap  404  can have a toroidal or ring shape, however in some other examples, the cap can have a substantially circular shape, as shown. In some examples, the engagement portion  405  can extend substantially perpendicularly from a plane of the circle or ring, as shown. The cap  404  can include any desired material, such as a polymer, a metal, or a ceramic material. In some examples, the cap  404  can include a polymer material and can have any desired color, such as a bright or visually distinctive color. Thus, in some examples, the cap  404  can provide a desired cosmetic or aesthetic appearance to the dial  402  without the need for a multi-part or multi-section dial  402  architecture that can result in an undesirable increase in dial size or an undesirable increase in the distance the dial protrudes from the housing and/or crown module. The cap  404  can be retained at a desired location on the dial  402  by any desired technique. In some examples, a layer of adhesive or glue  403  can be provided in the trench defined by the dial  402  to retain the cap  404 . In some other examples, a mechanical interlock between the engagement portion of the cap and a corresponding engagement feature defined by the dial  402  can additionally or alternatively retain the cap  404  in a desired position on the dial  402 . 
       FIG. 4C  illustrates a close-up view of the engagement portion  405  of the cap  404  mating with an engagement feature  407  defined by the dial  402 . As described above, the engagement feature  407  can take the form of a trench or channel. In some examples, and as shown in  FIG. 4C , the channel can have an undercut geometry or can include an undercut region that can receive and retain a corresponding feature of the engagement portion  405 . Thus, in some examples, the engagement portion  405  can interlock with an undercut feature in a channel defined by the dial  402 . In some examples, such as where the cap  404  includes a polymer or plastic material, the cap  404  can flex and/or bend during insertion of the engagement portion  405  into the channel to allow some or all of the engagement portion  405  to snap into and/or interlock with the undercut region of the channel  407 . In some examples, the undercut region can have a width of about 10 microns to about 100 microns, or about 25 microns to about 75 microns, such as about 50 microns. 
     In some examples, an adhesive or glue material  403  can be disposed in the channel  407  and can additionally or alternatively serve to affix the cap  404  to the dial  402 . In some examples, in addition to affixing the cap  404  to the dial  402 , the adhesive  403  can fill any empty volume in the channel  407  and ensure that the cap  404  is disposed at a desired depth in the channel  407 , and thus relative the exterior surface of the dial  402 . In some examples, the exterior surface of the cap  404  is substantially flush, level, parallel with, and/or in-plane with the exterior surface of the dial  402 . 
       FIG. 4D  shows an exploded cross-sectional view of the collar  420  and the bushing  422 , for example, as described with respect to  FIG. 4A . In use, the bushing  422  can substantially surround a portion of the collar  420 , such as the portion above the rim  421  that protrudes from the collar  420 . In some examples, the bushing  422  can be press-fit over the collar  420  at the desired location. The collar  420  can define one or more ridges or retention features, as shown, that can retain the bushing  422  in a desired position on the collar. In some examples, the bushing  422  can be retained on the collar  420  at least partially due to an interference fit between the components. In some examples, an inner dimension of the bushing  422  can have an interference fit with an outer dimension of the collar of between about 10 microns and about 100 microns, about 25 microns and about 75 microns, or between about 30 microns and about 60 microns. In some examples, this architecture can allow for a significantly reduced height of the bushing  422  and collar  420  components, resulting in a reduced protrusion distance of the dial  402 . 
     In some examples, the collar  420  can include a metal or metal alloy, such as steel or aluminum. In some examples, the bushing  422  can include a polymer and/or ceramic material, such as a plastic or resin. In some examples, the bushing  422  can include an acetal resin, such as DELRIN brand resin. In some examples, an inner surface of the bushing  422  can have a chamfer to allow for the press-fit process. In some examples, a height of the bushing can be about 1 mm or less, about 0.75 mm or less, or even about 0.6 mm or less. In some examples, an outer surface of the bushing  422  can define a groove or a channel  423 . The groove  423  can be positioned at or near a lower edge of the bushing  422 , as shown. In some examples, the components of the crown module that abut the bushing  422 , such as the shaft  410 , can cause wear on the bushing material over time. If no groove  423  was present, this wear could result in the formation of channel that can then have a lip. This lip could produce an undesirable sensation during depression of the dial  402  into the device, as the shaft would pass back and forth over the lip. By preemptively removing material from the bushing  422  at the location of the groove  423 , the material that might define the lip is no longer present, eliminating this issue if bushing wear does occur. In some examples, the groove  423  can have a height of between about 0.01 mm to about 0.1 mm, for example, about 0.05 mm. 
     Any number or variety of components in any of the configurations described herein can be included in an electronic device as described herein. The components can include any combination of the features described herein and can be arranged in any of the various configurations described herein. The structure and arrangement of components of a device, as well as the concepts regarding can apply not only to the specific examples discussed herein, but to any number of embodiments in any combination. Various examples of electronic devices and electronic device components including having various features in various arrangements are described below, with reference to  FIGS. 5A-5C . 
       FIG. 5A  shows an exploded view of several components of an electronic device  500  that can be substantially similar to and can include some or all of the features of the electronic devices described herein. As described with respect to the electronic device  200  of  FIG. 2 , an electronic device can include a housing  502  that can at least partially define an internal volume and a display assembly  510  that can be retained by the housing. The display assembly  510  can be received by and can be attached to the housing  502 , for example, at a feature defined by the housing  502 , such as a ledge, lip, or flange  503 . The display assembly can include a cover  514  including a transparent material, such as plastic, glass, and/or ceramic. The display assembly  510  can include a display stack  512  that can include multiple layers and components, each of which can perform one or more desired functions. In some examples, a gasket or a seal  516  can be disposed between the display assembly  510  and the housing  502 , for example, at the ledge  503 , to substantially define a barrier to the ingress of liquids or moisture into the internal volume from the external environment at the location of the seal  516 . 
       FIG. 5B  shows a cross-sectional view of the housing  502 , with the transparent cover  514  and seal  516  attached to the housing in an assembled configuration. As can be seen, the seal  516  can be in contact with the transparent cover  514 , and the housing  502  and can fix or secure these two components together. In some examples, the seal  516  can include multiple layers of material. As described herein, the seal  516  can include polymer, metal, and/or ceramic materials. In some examples, the seal  516  can substantially surround a periphery of an aperture defined by the housing  502 , and can have a shape corresponding to a peripheral shape of one or more portions of the display assembly  510 . 
       FIG. 5C  shows a cross-sectional view of the seal  516 , for example, as shown in  FIGS. 5A and 5B . In some examples, the seal  516  can include multiple layers of material bonded or joined together in a stacked configuration. In some examples, the seal  516  can include a silicone layer  520 , such as a silicone rubber layer. The silicone layer  520  can be the middle layer or core of the seal  516 , and can have a thickness of between about 50 microns and about 300 microns, or between about 100 microns and about 200 microns, for example, about 150 microns. In some examples, the silicone layer  520  can be substantially transparent. The silicone layer  520  can have a hardness of greater than about 5, greater than about 10, or greater than about 15 or more on the Shore A hardness scale. 
     In some examples, polymer layers  523  and  525  can be disposed on the top and bottom surfaces of the silicone layer  520 . These polymer layers  523 ,  525  can be the same or different materials, and in some examples, can include polyimide. In some examples, the polymer layers  523 ,  525  can be transparent or translucent. In some examples, the polymer layers  523 ,  525  can be a colored translucent material, such as a translucent amber colored material. In some examples, the polymer layers  523 ,  525  can be the same or different thicknesses. The polymer layers  523 ,  525  can have thicknesses between about 25 microns and about 150 microns, or between about 50 microns and about 100 microns, for example, about 75 microns. 
     In order to secure the cover  514  to the housing  502  as shown in  FIG. 5B , in some examples, the top and bottom exterior surfaces of the seal can be defined by adhesive layers  522 ,  524 . These adhesive layers can be the same or different material, and can have the same or different thicknesses. In some examples, the adhesive layers  522 ,  524  can include a pressure sensitive adhesive material. The adhesive layers  522 ,  524  can have thicknesses between about 10 microns and about 100 microns, or between about 25 microns and about 75 microns, for example, about 50 microns. The adhesive layers  522 ,  524  can have a hardness of greater than about 5, greater than about 10, greater than about 12, or greater than about 15 or more on the Shore A hardness scale. 
     Thus, in some examples, the entire seal  516  can have a thickness of between about 200 microns and about 600 microns, or between about 300 microns and about 600 microns, for example, about 400 microns. Further, the seal can have a width of between about 500 microns and about 1500 microns, or between about 750 microns and about 550 microns, for example, about 900 microns. 
     Referring again to  FIG. 5B , the width of the seal  516  and/or the width of the adhesive bond of the adhesive layers  522 ,  524  can be important for increasing the chemical resistance of the seal  516  and preventing corrosion of the seal  516  and/or ingress of liquid or contaminants into the internal volume therethrough. As shown, the housing  502  and the cover  514  can define a gap  505  therebetween. In some examples, this gap can provide for a certain amount of sway or movement of the cover  514  relative to the housing  502 , such as during high force events or drop events. This sway and/or compression of the seal  516  can reduce the risk of forces being transmitted through the housing  502  to the cover  514 , thereby reducing the risk of damage to the cover  514 . 
     In some examples, however, liquids, particles, contaminants, and/or corrosive materials can inadvertently enter the gap  505 , and can come in contact with the seal  516 . Thus, it can be desirable for the seal  516  to be corrosion resistant and for the bond length between the seal  516  and the housing  502  and cover  514  to be relatively large. 
       FIGS. 5D and 5E  illustrate cross-sectional views of alternative seal designs  616  and  716 . In some examples, a seal  616  can include a relatively stiff core material  622  surrounded by a relatively soft or compliant material  620 . In some examples, the core  622  can include one or more metals and/or polymers, such as stainless steel. The core  622  can then be overmolded with a polymer material  620 , such as a silicone material in any desired shape. In some examples, one or more layers of adhesive  625  can be disposed on one or more surfaces of the silicone layer  620  to adhere the seal  616  to components, such as a housing or cover. 
     The seal  616  can also include a core  622  that can include one or more metals and/or polymers, such as stainless steel, and that can be overmolded with a polymer material  620 , such as silicone. As shown, the seal  616  can have a substantially X-shaped cross-section, for example, defining one or more indentations or divots that can extend partially or entirely along one or more surfaces of the seal  616 . In some examples, the shape of the seal  616  can allow for desired levels of compression or deformation of the seal  616  to effectively dissipate energy and to provide a desired level of sealing between components. 
     Any number or variety of components in any of the configurations described herein can be included in an electronic device, as described herein. The components can include any combination of the features described herein and can be arranged in any of the various configurations described herein. The structure and arrangement of components of a device, as well as the concepts regarding the function and use thereof can apply not only to the specific examples discussed herein, but to any number of embodiments in any combination. Various examples of electronic devices and electronic device sensor components including having various features in various arrangements are described below, with reference to  FIGS. 6A-7B . 
       FIG. 6A  shows a bottom perspective view of an electronic device  800  that can be substantially similar to, and can include some or all of the features of the electronic devices described herein. The device  800  can include a back cover  830  that can be attached to the housing  802 , for example, opposite the display assembly  810 . The back cover  830  can include ceramic, plastic, metal, or combinations thereof. In some examples, the back cover  830  can include an at least partially electromagnetically transparent component  832 . The electromagnetically transparent component  832  can be transparent to any desired wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, such as visible light, infrared light, radio waves, or combinations thereof. In some examples, the electromagnetically transparent component  832  can allow sensors and/or emitters disposed in the housing  802  to communicate with the external environment. In some examples, the electromagnetically transparent component  832  and/or back cover  830  can allow one or more antennas disposed in the internal volume, such as antenna  840 , to emit and/or receive electromagnetic radiation, as described further herein. Together, the housing  802 , display assembly  810 , and back cover  830  can substantially define an internal volume and an external surface of the device  800 . 
       FIG. 6B  shows an exploded view of components of the electronic device  800 . The electronic device  800  can include additional components as described herein, which have been omitted from  FIG. 6B  for simplicity. In some examples, the back cover  830  can carry a number of components thereon, such as a first antenna element  836 , a logic board  850 , a sensing package and/or sensor module  852  and a light directing component  854 , a second antenna element  840 , and a connection component  853  to electrically connect the second antenna element  840  to one or more components of the device  800 , such as the logic board  850 . In some examples, one or more of these components, such as the sensor module  852  and the second antenna  840 , can be disposed over the electromagnetically transparent portion  832  of the back cover  830 . In some examples, a seal  834  can be disposed between the back cover  830  and the housing  802  to provide or define a barrier between the internal volume and the ambient environment, as described herein. Further details of the second antenna  840 , also referred to as a sensing antenna  840 , are described with respect to  FIG. 6C . 
       FIG. 6C  shows an exploded view of several components of an electronic device, such as the electronic device  800  described with respect to  FIGS. 6A and 6B . In some examples, a device can include a back cover (omitted for simplicity) including an electromagnetically transparent portion  932 , as described herein. The device can also include a logic board  950  that can include a substrate, such as a printed circuit board substrate, and can have one or more electronic and/or operational components thereon, such as one or more processors, memory, sensors, and/or integrated circuits. As described with respect to device  800 , an electronic device can also include a sensor module  952 , a sensing antenna  940 , and a light directing component  954  disposed in the internal volume, for example, overlying the electromagnetically transparent portion  932 . In some examples, the sensor module  952  can include one or more light emitting and/or sensing components, as described further herein. The light directing component  954  can direct light that is emitted and/or that will be received by the sensor module  952 . 
     In some examples, the sensing antenna  940  can be used to determine a presence of a material at or near the exterior surface of an electronic device including the sensing antenna, for example, at or near an exterior surface at least partially defined by the electromagnetically transparent portion  932 . In use, the sensing antenna  940  can be in electrical communication with one or more other components of the device and can be driven to emit electromagnetic radiation at one or more desired frequencies. In some examples, the sensing antenna  940  can radiate energy at about 2.4 GHz, although substantially any frequency can be used. The device can also include an integrated circuit, for example, disposed on the logic board  950 , another logic board of the device, such as a main logic board, or at any desired location. 
     In use, the sensing antenna  940  is driven at a desired frequency, and an associated sensing integrated circuit in the device can measure the performance and/or efficiency of the sensing antenna  940 . For example, a sensing integrated circuit can measure a difference between a power used to drive the antenna and a transmitted power at the location of the sensing integrated circuit. In some examples, the sensing integrated circuit can be located near the back cover of the device, for example, on the logic board  950 . Consequently, the sensing integrated circuit can measure antenna efficiency and/or performance in a direction extending out of the back cover and/or electromagnetically transparent component  932 . 
     As a material or object is brought near the device, for example, near the electromagnetically transparent component  932 , the dielectric properties, or permittivity of the material or object can affect the performance and/or efficiency of the sensing antenna  940  because at least some of the material or object can be in the transmission path between the sensing antenna  940  and the sensing integrated circuit. The presence of a material or object having a permittivity different than air in the transmission path can result in a tuning and/or detuning of the sensing antenna  940  performance, which is then measured by the sensing integrated circuit. The degree to which the performance, efficiency, and/or tuning of the sensing antenna  940  is changed can be measured and can be used to at least partially determine a presence and/or proximity of an object or material near the device. In some examples, the degree to which the performance, efficiency, and/or tuning of the sensing antenna  940  is changed can be used to at least partially determine a composition of the material and/or object. 
     In some examples, this proximity detecting functionality can be used to assist the device in determining whether it is actively being worn by a user or whether the device has been removed from a user&#39;s wrist. That is, the sensing antenna  940  and the sensing integrated circuit can detect a presence and/or proximity of a body part at or near the device. In some examples, the sensing antenna  940  and the sensing integrated circuit can distinguish the presence of a body part at or near the device from the presence of a different object or material, such as a table. In this way, a user can initially authenticate themselves when the device, such as a smartwatch, is put on, and the device may not require further authentication until the device determines that it has been removed from the user&#39;s wrist. 
     In some examples, the sensing antenna  940  can include a conductive material that is substantially surrounded and/or encapsulated by an insulating material. In some examples, the conductive material can include a metal or metal alloy, such as copper. In some examples, the insulating material can include a polymer material. In some examples, the insulating material can include an adhesive material, such as a pressure sensitive adhesive material. The pressure sensitive adhesive material can aid in fixing the sensing antenna  940  in a desired location, and can further assist in securing other components in the device. In some examples, the sensing antenna  940  can have a substantially annular or ring shape, as shown. In some examples, the sensing antenna  940  can be a monopole or a dipole antenna. Further, in some examples, a spring finger or connection component can be in electrical communication with the conductive material of the sensing antenna  940  and one or more other components of the device, such as a component that can provide power to and can drive the sensing antenna  940 . In some examples, the sensing antenna  940  can include a first layer of pressure sensitive adhesive, a layer of copper, and a second layer of pressure sensitive adhesive overlying the copper and the first layer of pressure sensitive adhesive. 
     In some examples, the sensing antenna  940  can include any conductive material in any shape or configuration as desired. In some examples, the sensing antenna  940  can be a pre-formed component including conductive material that is disposed in the internal volume of the electronic device. In some examples, however, the sensing antenna  940  can be deposited, plated, or otherwise formed onto another component of the electronic device. For example, a conductive material can be deposited in a desired shape or configuration onto the electromagnetically transparent portion  932  to form the sensing antenna  940 . In some examples, the sensing antenna  940  can be formed by a vapor deposition and/or plating process, such as a physical vapor deposition and/or electroplating process. Further, in some examples, an existing antenna of the electronic device can be used or can function as the sensing antenna  940 . That is, an electronic device can include one or more antennas, such as a cellular antenna, NFC antenna, LTE antenna, a Wi-Fi antenna, a Bluetooth antenna, and/or a GPS antenna, and one or more of these antennas can additionally or alternatively be driven or used as the sensing antenna. In some examples, any antenna positioned adjacent to, or near the back cover of the device, and/or the electromagnetically transparent portion  930  can be used as the sensing antenna. 
       FIG. 6D  shows an exploded view of several components of an electronic device, such as the electronic device  800  described with respect to  FIGS. 6A and 6B . As with the example shown in  FIG. 6C , an electronic device can include a logic board  1050 , a sensor module  1052 , and a sensing antenna  1040 , for example, overlying the electromagnetically transparent portion  1032 . The sensing antenna  1040  can be substantially similar to, can include some or all of the features of, and can function similarly to the sensing antennas described herein. In some examples, the sensing antenna  1040  can include a polymer or plastic material, such as a thermoplastic material. In some examples, the sensing antenna  1040  can also include a conductive material, for example, in a desired design or configuration, integrated into the polymer material. In some examples, the sensing antenna  1040  can be formed by a laser direct structuring (LDS) process. That is, a polymer material including a non-conductive metallic inorganic compound can be exposed to a laser in a desired pattern to write the antenna trace onto or into the polymer material which had previously be molded into a desired shape. Thus, in some examples, the sensing antenna  1040  can be shaped to fit next to and/or around one or more other components of the device, such as the sensor module  1052 , and/or the logic board  1050 . The entire package, including the logic board  1050 , sensor module  1052 , and sensing antenna  1040  can then be adhered in place, for example, to the electromagnetically transparent portion  1032 . 
       FIG. 6E  shows an exploded view of several components of an electronic device, such as the electronic device  800  described with respect to  FIGS. 6A and 6B . As with the examples shown in  FIGS. 6C and 6D , an electronic device can include a logic board  1150 , a sensor module  1152 , and a sensing antenna  1140 , for example, overlying the electromagnetically transparent portion  1132 . In the present example, the sensing antenna  1140  has been integrated into an existing component of the electronic device that can serve one or more additional functions. For example, the sensing antenna  1140  can include a flexible electrical connector that can be in electrical communication with one or more components of the device. In some examples, the sensing antenna  1140  can include an electromagnetic shielding component, or e-shield. In some examples, an additional trace can be added to the component to form the antenna. For example, an additional trace can be added at or near the portion of the component that defines the central orifice or aperture. Additional details regarding processes for detecting a presence and/or type of material at or near an electronic device are described with respect to  FIGS. 7A and 7B . 
       FIG. 7A  shows a process flow diagram for a method  1200  of detecting a presence of a material near an electronic device. In some examples, the method  1200  can be carried out by an electronic device including a sensing antenna and one or more sensing integrated circuits, as described with respect to  FIGS. 6A-6D . 
     At block  1210 , an antenna of an electronic device, such as the sensing antennas  940 ,  1040 ,  1140  can be driven at one or more desired frequencies and using a desired power. The antenna can be driven by one or more operational components of the device that are in communication with the antenna component. 
     At block  1220 , an efficiency, a level of performance, and/or a level of tuning or detuning of the antenna can be measured at one or more locations on or in the electronic device, as described with respect to  FIGS. 6A-6D . In some examples, the efficiency of the antenna can be measured at a location such that the transmission path of a signal emitted by the antenna can pass through or near a desired portion of the exterior surface of the electronic device. In some examples, the portion of the exterior surface can be defined by a portion of the back cover and/or transparent cover of the device. In some examples, the efficiency of the antenna can be measured by detecting a transmitted power from the antenna and comparing the transmitted power to the power used to drive the antenna. 
     At block  1230 , a presence of a material at or near an exterior surface of the electronic device can be determined, at least partially, based on the measured efficiency. As described with respect to  FIGS. 6A-6D , the presence of a material having a permittivity other than air can affect the transmitted power and/or efficiency of the antenna. Accordingly, the measured efficiency can be used to determine a permittivity of the space adjacent to or near an exterior surface of the device, and thus, the presence of a material or object. In some examples, block  1230  can further include determining a type of the material or object that is present at or near the electronic device. For example, block  1230  can further include determining whether an object is conductive or insulating, as well as a level of conductivity. In some examples, block  1230  can include determining whether an object is a user, a metal, a ceramic, a plastic material, organic matter, a liquid, or other types of material. 
       FIG. 7B  shows a process flow diagram for a method  1300  of detecting a presence of a material near an electronic device. In some examples, the method  1300  can be carried out by an electronic device including a sensing antenna and two or more sensing integrated circuits, as described with respect to  FIGS. 6A-6D . 
     At block  1310 , an antenna of an electronic device, such as the sensing antennas  940 ,  1040 ,  1140  can be driven at one or more desired frequencies and using a desired power. The antenna can be driven by one or more operational components of the device that are in communication with the antenna component. 
     At block  1320 , an efficiency, level of performance, and/or level of tuning or detuning of the antenna can be measured at a first location on or in the electronic device, as described with respect to  FIGS. 6A-6D . In some examples, the efficiency of the antenna can be measured at a location such that the transmission path of a signal emitted by the antenna can pass through or near a desired portion of the exterior surface of the electronic device. In some examples, the portion of the exterior surface can be defined by a portion of the back cover and/or transparent cover of the device. In some examples, the efficiency of the antenna can be measured by detecting a transmitted power from the antenna and comparing the transmitted power to the power used to drive the antenna. 
     At block  1330 , an efficiency, level of performance, and/or level of tuning or detuning of the antenna can be measured at a second, different location on or in the electronic device, as described with respect to  FIGS. 6A-6D . In some examples, the efficiency of the antenna can be measured at a location such that the transmission path of a signal emitted by the antenna can pass through or near a desired portion of the exterior surface of the electronic device. In some examples, the portion of the exterior surface can be defined by the other of a portion of the back cover and/or transparent cover of the device as compared to the first location. In some examples, the efficiency of the antenna can be measured by detecting a transmitted power from the antenna and comparing the transmitted power to the power used to drive the antenna. In some examples, the first location can require a transmission path from the antenna to pass through the back cover, while the second location can require a transmission path to pass through the front cover. 
     At block  1340 , a presence of a material at or near an exterior surface of the electronic device can be determined at least partially based on the measured efficiency at the first location and/or the measure efficiency at the second location. As described with respect to  FIGS. 6A-6D , the presence of a material having a permittivity other than air can affect the transmitted power and/or efficiency of the antenna. Accordingly, the measured efficiency at one or both of the first and second locations can be used to determine a permittivity of the space adjacent to or near an exterior surface of the device, and thus, the presence of a material or object. In some examples, block  1340  can further include determining a type of the material or object that is present at or near the electronic device. For example, block  1340  can further include determining whether an object is conductive or insulating, as well as a level of conductivity. In some examples, block  1340  can include determining whether an object is a user, a metal, a ceramic, a plastic material, organic matter, a liquid, or other types of material. 
     In some examples, one or more algorithms stored in the memory of the device can determine whether to determine the presence of the object based on the measured efficiency at the first location, at the second location, and/or by using a weighted combination of the first location and the second location. In some examples where a weight combination of the measured efficiency at the first and second locations is used, an algorithm can determine weights to assign to the efficiencies measured at the first and/or second location. In some examples, the weights can be between 0% and 100%. In some examples, a determination of whether to use the efficiency measured at the first location, at the second location, or a combination of efficiencies measured at the first and second locations, can be based on factors other than the measured efficiencies. These factors are not limited and can include the date or time, a geographical location, input or signals from one or more other sensors, a user input, and others. Additional sensing components and processes can similarly be included. 
       FIG. 8A  shows a cross-sectional view of a portion of an electronic device as described herein. The portion includes an electromagnetically transparent component  1432  that can be part of a back cover (omitted for simplicity) of a device as described herein. The device can also include a logic board  1450  mounted on the electromagnetically transparent component  1432 . The device can include one or more sensors and/or emitters, either as part of a sensor module as described herein, as part of the logic board  1450 , and/or as standalone components. In some examples, the device can include a lens or light directing component  1434  that can be mounted adjacent to the electromagnetically transparent component  1432 . In some examples, the lens  1434  can be a Fresnel lens  1434 . In some examples, a light blocking component  1470  can be positioned between the lens  1434  and the component  1432  as described further herein. 
     The device can include light emitting components  1466 ,  1468 . In some examples, the light emitting components  1466 ,  1468  can include light emitting diodes (LEDs) that can emit light at one or more desired wavelengths. The device can also include light detecting components  1462 ,  1464  that can be designed and arranged to receive light that has been emitted by LEDs  1466 ,  1468 , that has passed out of the device through the lens  1434  and electromagnetically transparent component  1432 , and back into the device through the lens  1434  and electromagnetically transparent component  1432 . In some examples, light blocking components, such as component  1436  can substantially optically isolate the LEDs  1466 ,  1468  from the detectors  1462 ,  1464  except along desired light paths. 
       FIG. 8B  shows the device including the components described with respect to  FIG. 8A  positioned adjacent to a medium  1500 , such as the extremity of a user  1500 . As used herein, the term medium can refer to any material, substance, and/or object in any state or combinations of states of matter. For example, air, water, and/or a human body can all be considered mediums as used herein. 
     The light paths from the LEDs  1466 ,  1468  to the detectors  1462 ,  1464  are shown. In some examples, light that is emitted from the LEDs  1466 ,  1468  and that passed into a user&#39;s body, and is then reflected back to the detectors  1462 ,  1464  can be used to determine one or more physiological and/or biological properties of the user. In some examples, however, the determination of the physiological and/or biological property can be based receiving light that has passed through desired depths of tissue. For example, light emitted from LED  1468  and received by detector  1464  can penetrate a certain depth, while light emitted from LED  1466  and received by detector  1464  can reach a different depth. Difficulties can arise, however, when these two light paths overlap within the user&#39;s tissue, potentially introducing noise and making it more difficult to distinguish whether light as been emitted from detector  1466  or  1468 . Accordingly, it can be desirable to reduce an amount of overlap of light paths within the user&#39;s tissue. 
     In the example shown in  FIG. 8B , the electromagnetically transparent component  1432  can include a ceramic material, such as sapphire, that has a relatively high index of refraction. As shown, light emitted by the LED  1468  can travel along light path  1481 , into the user&#39;s body along path  1482 , and back to the detector  1464  along light path  1483 . As seen, light emitted from the LED  1466  can travel along light path  1484 , into the user&#39;s body along light path  1485 , and out to the detector  1464 . The relatively high index of refraction of the ceramic or sapphire component  1432  can mean that the overlap region  1486  of the light paths within the user&#39;s tissue is relatively small, for example less than about 5%, 4%, 3.5%, or even less than about 3% of the volume of tissue illuminated. This amount of overlap can be accounted for through algorithms or other noise reduction techniques and can produce results having a desirable level of accuracy. 
       FIG. 8C  shows a cross-sectional view of the same components as illustrated in  FIG. 8C , however the component  1432  now includes a material having a relatively lower refractive index, such as glass. As can be seen, the lower index of refraction can result in a significantly higher area or volume of overlap  1486 . For example, the volume of overlap can be greater than 15%, greater than 20%, or even greater than 25% of the volume of tissue illuminated. Thus, while a component  1432  that includes glass can provide benefits to the device, such as reduced material cost, reduced manufacturing cost, increased durability, ease of component replacement, and other benefits, the use of glass can have an undesirable effect on the determination of one or more biological and/or physiological properties of the user. 
     Accordingly, as shown in  FIG. 8D , a light blocking component  1470  can be positioned on an interior surface of the component  1432  to block some or substantially all of the light emitted from the LED  1466  that would otherwise reach the detector  1464  and/or overlap with light emitted from the LED  1468 . In this way, the overlap volume can be less than about 5%, 4%, 3.5%, or even less than about 3% of the volume of tissue illuminated even with a component  1432  that includes glass or some other relatively low refractive index material. In some examples, the light blocking component  1470  can be positioned directly on the component  1432 , for example between the component  1432  and the Fresnel lens  1434 . In some examples, the light blocking component  1470  can be positioned substantially in the center of the component  1432 . 
     In some examples, the light blocking component  1470  can take the form of a dot or circular portion of ink or other material that can be opaque to wavelengths of light emitted by the LEDs  1466 ,  1468 . In some examples, the LEDs  1466 ,  1468  can emit green light and thus the light blocking component  1470  can be opaque to green light. That is, in some examples, the light blocking component  1470  can be opaque to light having wavelengths between about 520 nm and about 560 nm. In some examples, the light blocking component  1470  can be transparent to one or more other wavelengths of light, so as not to affect the functionality of other sensors, emitters, and/or detectors of the device, such as those which might utilize infrared wavelengths. In some examples, the ink or material of the light blocking component  1470  can have a thickness of about 15 microns or less, about 10 microns or less, about 7 microns or less, about 5 microns or less, or even about 2 microns or less. In some examples, the light blocking component  1470  can have a diameter or major dimension of about 10 mm or less, about 5 mm or less, about 4 mm or less, or even about 2 mm or less. 
     In some examples, the light blocking component  1470  can be deposited on the component  1432  by any combination of printing and/or deposition processes, such as a pad printing and/or one or more physical vapor deposition processes. In some examples, the surface of the component  1432  can be treated prior to forming the light blocking component  1470 . For example, a layer of silicon dioxide can be deposited on the surface prior to forming the light blocking component  1470 . 
     Any of the features or aspects of the devices and components discussed herein can be combined or included in any varied combination. For example, the design and shape of the components or devices is not limited in any way and can be formed by any number of processes, including those discussed herein. As used herein, the terms exterior, outer, interior, and inner are used for reference purposes only. An exterior or outer portion of a component can form a portion of an exterior surface of the component, but may not necessarily form the entire exterior of outer surface thereof. Similarly, the interior or inner portion of a component can form or define an interior or inner portion of the component, but can also form or define a portion of an exterior or outer surface of the component. 
     Various inventions have been described herein with reference to certain specific embodiments and examples. However, they will be recognized by those skilled in the art that many variations are possible without departing from the scope and spirit of the inventions disclosed herein, in that those inventions set forth in the claims below are intended to cover all variations and modifications of the inventions disclosed without departing from the spirit of the inventions. The terms “including:” and “having” come as used in the specification and claims shall have the same meaning as the term “including.” 
     To the extent applicable to the present technology, gathering and use of data available from various sources can be used to improve the delivery to users of invitational content or any other content that may be of interest to them. The present disclosure contemplates that in some instances, this gathered data may include personal information data that uniquely identifies or can be used to contact or locate a specific person. Such personal information data can include demographic data, location-based data, telephone numbers, email addresses, TWITTER® ID&#39;s, home addresses, data or records relating to a user&#39;s health or level of fitness (e.g., vital signs measurements, medication information, exercise information), date of birth, or any other identifying or personal information. 
     The present disclosure recognizes that the use of such personal information data, in the present technology, can be used to the benefit of users. For example, the personal information data can be used to deliver targeted content that is of greater interest to the user. Accordingly, use of such personal information data enables users to calculated control of the delivered content. Further, other uses for personal information data that benefit the user are also contemplated by the present disclosure. For instance, health and fitness data may be used to provide insights into a user&#39;s general wellness, or may be used as positive feedback to individuals using technology to pursue wellness goals. 
     The present disclosure contemplates that the entities responsible for the collection, analysis, disclosure, transfer, storage, or other use of such personal information data will comply with well-established privacy policies and/or privacy practices. In particular, such entities should implement and consistently use privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining personal information data private and secure. Such policies should be easily accessible by users, and should be updated as the collection and/or use of data changes. Personal information from users should be collected for legitimate and reasonable uses of the entity and not shared or sold outside of those legitimate uses. Further, such collection/sharing should occur after receiving the informed consent of the users. Additionally, such entities should consider taking any needed steps for safeguarding and securing access to such personal information data and ensuring that others with access to the personal information data adhere to their privacy policies and procedures. Further, such entities can subject themselves to evaluation by third parties to certify their adherence to widely accepted privacy policies and practices. In addition, policies and practices should be adapted for the particular types of personal information data being collected and/or accessed and adapted to applicable laws and standards, including jurisdiction-specific considerations. For instance, in the US, collection of or access to certain health data may be governed by federal and/or state laws, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA); whereas health data in other countries may be subject to other regulations and policies and should be handled accordingly. Hence different privacy practices should be maintained for different personal data types in each country. 
     Despite the foregoing, the present disclosure also contemplates embodiments in which users selectively block the use of, or access to, personal information data. That is, the present disclosure contemplates that hardware and/or software elements can be provided to prevent or block access to such personal information data. For example, in the case of advertisement delivery services, the present technology can be configured to allow users to select to “opt in” or “opt out” of participation in the collection of personal information data during registration for services or anytime thereafter. In another example, users can select not to provide mood-associated data for targeted content delivery services. In yet another example, users can select to limit the length of time mood-associated data is maintained or entirely prohibit the development of a baseline mood profile. In addition to providing “opt in” and “opt out” options, the present disclosure contemplates providing notifications relating to the access or use of personal information. For instance, a user may be notified upon downloading an app that their personal information data will be accessed and then reminded again just before personal information data is accessed by the app. 
     Moreover, it is the intent of the present disclosure that personal information data should be managed and handled in a way to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use. Risk can be minimized by limiting the collection of data and deleting data once it is no longer needed. In addition, and when applicable, including in certain health related applications, data de-identification can be used to protect a user&#39;s privacy. De-identification may be facilitated, when appropriate, by removing specific identifiers (e.g., date of birth, etc.), controlling the amount or specificity of data stored (e.g., collecting location data a city level rather than at an address level), controlling how data is stored (e.g., aggregating data across users), and/or other methods. 
     Therefore, although the present disclosure broadly covers use of personal information data to implement one or more various disclosed embodiments, the present disclosure also contemplates that the various embodiments can also be implemented without the need for accessing such personal information data. That is, the various embodiments of the present technology are not rendered inoperable due to the lack of all or a portion of such personal information data. For example, content can be selected and delivered to users by inferring preferences based on non-personal information data or a bare minimum amount of personal information, such as the content being requested by the device associated with a user, other non-personal information available to the content delivery services, or publicly available information. 
     The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, used specific nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the specific details are not required in order to practice the described embodiments. Thus, the foregoing descriptions of the specific embodiments described herein are presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not target to be exhaustive or to limit the embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20200911
Publication Date: 20220308
Grant Date: 20220308
Priority Date: 20200611
Inventors: DESCHAMPS, DANIELA M.
PANDYA, SAMEER
ATURA BUSHNELL, TYLER S.
WERNER, CHRISTOPHER M.
ROACH, STEVEN C.
ELY, COLIN M.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H10F77/40", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10F39/8063", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10F39/804", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "A61B5/6843", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "A61B5/681", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K5/0247", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K5/0217", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/42", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1656", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B17/27", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1684", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K5/0017", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B17/327", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1658", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/273", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/163", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1628", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/163", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/273", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G04G17/04", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1626", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B1/385", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B17/27", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/169", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B1/385", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1698", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0362", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G04G21/04", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G04R60/10", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1628", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1626", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/163", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 78826110