PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-8649240-B2
Application Number: US-201313769542-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Mechanism for peak power management in a memory

Abstract:
A mechanism for managing peak power in a memory storage array that includes sub-array blocks may reduce the peak currents associated with read and write operations by staggering the wordline signal activation to each of the sub-array blocks. In particular, the wordline units within each sub-array block may generate the wordline signals to each sub-array block such that a read wordline signal of one sub-array block does not transition from one logic level to another logic level at the same time as the write wordline of another sub-array block. Further, the wordline units may generate the wordline signals to each sub-array block such that a read wordline of a given sub-array block does not transition from one logic level to another logic level at the same time as a read wordline signal of another sub-array block.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A memory comprising:
 a storage array including a plurality of sub-array blocks; 
 wherein each of the sub-array blocks includes a wordline driver unit configured to generate a read wordline signal to initiate a read operation and a write wordline signal to initiate a write operation such that no read wordline signal transitions from one logic level to another logic level at a same time as any other read wordline signal. 
 
     
     
       2. The memory as recited in  claim 1 , wherein each wordline driver unit is further configured to generate the write wordline signal such that no write wordline signals transition from one logic level to another logic level at a same time as any other write wordline signal. 
     
     
       3. The memory as recited in  claim 1 , wherein each wordline driver unit is further configured to generate the read wordline signal and the write wordline signal such that a rising edge of the read wordline signal of a given wordline driver unit and a rising edge of the write wordline signal of the different wordline driver unit do not transition from one logic level to another logic level at the same time. 
     
     
       4. The memory as recited in  claim 1 , wherein each wordline driver unit is further configured to generate the read wordline signal and the write wordline signal such that a falling edge of the read wordline signal of a given wordline driver unit and a falling edge of the write wordline signal of the different wordline driver unit do not transition from one logic level to another logic level at the same time. 
     
     
       5. The memory as recited in  claim 1 , wherein each wordline driver unit is further configured to cause a falling edge of the read wordline signal to transition after a predetermined amount of time. 
     
     
       6. The memory as recited in  claim 1 , wherein each wordline driver unit is further configured to cause a falling edge of the write wordline signal to transition in response to a falling edge of a clock signal. 
     
     
       7. A system comprising:
 a memory; and 
 one or more processors coupled to the memory, wherein at least one of the one or more processors includes an embedded memory; 
 wherein the embedded memory includes:
 a storage array including a plurality of sub-array blocks; 
 wherein each of the sub-array blocks includes a wordline driver unit configured to generate a read wordline signal to initiate a read operation and a write wordline signal to initiate a write operation such that no read wordline signal transitions from one logic level to another logic level at a same time as any other read wordline signal. 
 
 
     
     
       8. The system as recited in  claim 7 , wherein each wordline driver unit is further configured to generate the read wordline signal and the write wordline signal such that a rising edge of the read wordline signal of a given wordline driver unit does not transition from one logic level to another logic level at the same time as a rising edge of the write wordline signal of the different wordline driver unit. 
     
     
       9. The system as recited in  claim 7 , wherein each wordline driver unit is further configured to cause a falling edge of the read wordline signal to transition after a predetermined amount of time. 
     
     
       10. The system as recited in  claim 7 , wherein each wordline driver unit is further configured to generate the read wordline signal and the write wordline signal such that a falling edge of the read wordline signal of a given wordline driver unit does not transition from one logic level to another logic level at the same time as a falling edge of the write wordline signal of the different wordline driver unit. 
     
     
       11. The system as recited in  claim 7 , wherein each wordline driver unit is further configured to cause a falling edge of the write wordline signal to transition in response to a falling edge of a clock signal. 
     
     
       12. A mobile communication device comprising:
 a memory; and 
 a processor coupled to the memory, wherein the processor includes an embedded memory including:
 a storage array including a plurality of sub-array blocks; 
 wherein each of the sub-array blocks includes a wordline driver unit configured to generate a read wordline signal to initiate a read operation and a write wordline signal to initiate a write operation such that no read wordline signal transitions from one logic level to another logic level at a same time as any other read wordline signal. 
 
 
     
     
       13. The mobile communication device as recited in  claim 12 , wherein each wordline driver unit is further configured to generate the read wordline signal such that a rising edge of the read wordline signal of a given wordline driver unit does not transition from one logic level to another logic level at the same time as a rising edge of the read wordline signal of any other wordline driver unit. 
     
     
       14. The mobile communication device as recited in  claim 12 , wherein each wordline driver unit is further configured to generate the write wordline signal such that a rising edge of the write wordline signal of a given wordline driver unit does not transition from one logic level to another logic level at the same time as a rising edge of the write wordline signal of any other wordline driver unit. 
     
     
       15. The mobile communication device as recited in  claim 12 , wherein each wordline driver unit is further configured to cause a falling edge of the write wordline signal to transition in response to a falling edge of a clock signal, and to cause a falling edge of the read wordline signal to transition after a predetermined amount of time.

Description:
PRIORITY INFORMATION 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/286,365, filed on Nov. 1, 2011, entitled “Mechanism For Peak Power Management In A Memory.” 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Technical Field 
     This disclosure relates to memories, and more particularly to peak power reduction. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Many devices include embedded memories and/or onboard memories. In many such devices, these memories may take up a significant portion of the integrated circuit die. Accordingly, these memories can consume a great deal of power. However, rather than average power consumed, in some cases peak power can be problematic because surges or large peaks in current usage can cause voltage sags on the main Vdd supply. These voltage sags can cause improper operation of not only the memory, but also other circuits connected to the supply. 
     SUMMARY OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
     Various embodiments of a mechanism for managing peak power in a memory are disclosed. Broadly speaking, a mechanism for managing peak power in a memory storage array is contemplated. In a memory that includes many sub-array blocks, it may be possible to reduce the peak currents associated with read and write operations by staggering the wordline signal activation to each of the sub-array blocks. In particular, the wordline units may be configured to generate the wordline signals to each sub-array block such that a read wordline signal of one sub-array block does not transition from one logic level to another logic level at the same time as the write wordline of another sub-array block. Further, the wordline units may be configured to generate the wordline signals to each sub-array block such that a read wordline of a given sub-array block does not transition from one logic level to another logic level at the same time as a read wordline signal of another sub-array block. 
     In one embodiment, a memory includes a storage array including a number of sub-array blocks and each sub-array block includes a wordline driver unit. Each wordline driver unit may generate a read wordline signal to initiate a read operation and a write wordline signal to initiate a write operation such that the read wordline signal of a given wordline driver unit and the write word line of a different wordline driver unit do not transition from one logic level to another logic level at a same time. 
     In one specific implementation, each wordline driver unit may further generate the read wordline signal such that no read wordline signals transition from one logic level to another logic level at the same time. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram of a processor. 
         FIG. 2  is a block diagram of one embodiment of a portion of a memory including a mechanism to reduce peak power. 
         FIG. 3  is a timing diagram describing operational aspects of the embodiment of the memory of  FIG. 2 . 
         FIG. 4  is a timing diagram describing additional operational aspects of the embodiment of the memory of  FIG. 2 . 
         FIG. 5  is a block diagram of one embodiment of a system. 
     
    
    
     Specific embodiments are shown by way of example in the drawings and will herein be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the drawings and detailed description are not intended to limit the claims to the particular embodiments disclosed, even where only a single embodiment is described with respect to a particular feature. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents and alternatives that would be apparent to a person skilled in the art having the benefit of this disclosure. Examples of features provided in the disclosure are intended to be illustrative rather than restrictive unless stated otherwise. 
     As used throughout this application, the word “may” is used in a permissive sense (i.e., meaning having the potential to), rather than the mandatory sense (i.e., meaning must). Similarly, the words “include,” “including,” and “includes” mean including, but not limited to. 
     Various units, circuits, or other components may be described as “configured to” perform a task or tasks. In such contexts, “configured to” is a broad recitation of 
     structure generally meaning “having circuitry that” performs the task or tasks during operation. As such, the unit/circuit/component can be configured to perform the task even when the unit/circuit/component is not currently on. In general, the circuitry that forms the structure corresponding to “configured to” may include hardware circuits. Similarly, various units/circuits/components may be described as performing a task or tasks, for convenience in the description. Such descriptions should be interpreted as including the phrase “configured to.” Reciting a unit/circuit/component that is configured to perform one or more tasks is expressly intended not to invoke 35 U.S.C. §112, paragraph six, interpretation for that unit/circuit/component. 
     The scope of the present disclosure includes any feature or combination of features disclosed herein (either explicitly or implicitly), or any generalization thereof, whether or not it mitigates any or all of the problems addressed herein. Accordingly, new claims may be formulated during prosecution of this application (or an application claiming priority thereto) to any such combination of features. In particular, with reference to the appended claims, features from dependent claims may be combined with those of the independent claims and features from respective independent claims may be combined in any appropriate manner and not merely in the specific combinations enumerated in the appended claims. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Turning now to  FIG. 1 , a block diagram of one embodiment of a processor is shown. The processor  10  includes an instruction cache (ICache)  14  that is coupled to a fetch control unit  12 . The processor also includes a decode unit  16  that is coupled to the fetch control unit  12  and to a register file  22 , which is in turn coupled to an execution core  24 . The execution core  24  is coupled to an interface unit  34 , which may be coupled to an external interface of the processor  10 , as desired. It is noted that components having a reference designator that includes both a number and a letter may be referred to using only the number where appropriate for simplicity. 
     In one embodiment, the fetch control unit  12  is configured to provide a program counter address (PC) for fetching from the instruction cache  14 . The instruction cache  14  is configured to provide instructions (with PCs) back to the fetch control unit  12  to be fed into the decode unit  16 . The decode unit  16  may generally be configured to decode the instructions into instruction operations (ops) and to provide the decoded ops to the execution core  24 . The decode unit  16  may also provide decoded operands to the register file  22 , which may provide operands to the execution core  24 . The decode unit  16  may also be configured to schedule each instruction and provide the correct register values for execution core  24  to use. 
     The register file  22  may also receive results from execution core  24  that are to be written into the register file  22 . Accordingly, the register file  22  may generally include any set of registers usable to store operands and results. Thus, the register file  22  may be implemented using a variety of storage types such as flip-flop type storages, random access memory (RAM), and the like. 
     The instruction cache  14  may include control logic and memory arrays. The memory arrays may be used to store the cached instructions to be executed by processor  10  and the associated cache tags. Instruction cache  14  may have any capacity and construction (e.g. direct mapped, set associative, fully associative, etc.). Instruction cache  14  may include any cache line size. 
     It is contemplated that the processor  10  may implement any suitable instruction set architecture (ISA), such as ARM™, PowerPC™, or x86 ISAs, combinations thereof, etc. In some embodiments, the processor  10  may implement an address translation scheme in which one or more virtual address spaces are made visible to executing software. Memory accesses within the virtual address space are translated to a physical address space corresponding to the actual physical memory available to the system, for example using a set of page tables, segments, or other virtual memory translation schemes. In embodiments that employ address translation, processor  10  may store a set of recent and/or frequently used virtual-to-physical address translations in a translation lookaside buffer (TLB), such as instruction TLB (ITLB)  30 . 
     The execution core  24  may perform the various operations (e.g., MOV, ADD, SHIFT, LOAD, STORE, etc.) indicated by each instruction. In the illustrated embodiment, the execution core  24  includes data cache  26 , which may be a cache memory for storing data to be processed by the processor  10 . Like instruction cache  14 , data cache  26  may have any suitable capacity, construction, or line size (e.g. direct mapped, set associative, fully associative, etc.). Moreover, data cache  26  may differ from the instruction cache  14  in any of these details. As with instruction cache  14 , in some embodiments, data cache  26  may be partially or entirely addressed using physical address bits. Correspondingly, data TLB (DTLB)  32  may be provided to cache virtual-to-physical address translations for use in accessing data cache  26  in a manner similar to that described above with respect to ITLB  30 . It is noted that although ITLB  30  and 
     DTLB  32  may perform similar functions, in various embodiments they may be implemented differently. For example, they may store different numbers of translations and/or different translation information. 
     Interface unit  34  may generally include the circuitry for interfacing processor  10  to other devices on the external interface. The external interface may include any type of interconnect (e.g. bus, packet, etc.). The external interface may be an on-chip interconnect, if processor  10  is integrated with one or more other components (e.g. a system on a chip configuration). The external interface may be on off-chip interconnect to external circuitry, if processor  10  is not integrated with other components. In various embodiments, processor  10  may implement any instruction set architecture. 
     It is noted that each of the memories embedded within processor  10  (e.g., instruction cache  14 , data cache  26 , register file  22 , etc.) may include wordline driver circuits to access their respective memory arrays. As described in greater detail below in conjunction with the description of  FIG. 2 , it may be possible to reduce the peak power associated with accessing the memory arrays of the embedded memories of processor  10  though the management of the wordline signals. 
     Referring to  FIG. 2 , a block diagram of one embodiment of a portion of a memory including a mechanism to reduce peak power is shown. The memory  200  includes an array  201  that is coupled to a control unit  215 . It is noted that a number of features have been omitted from the drawings for the sake of brevity. For example, each of the sub-array blocks of  FIG. 2  may include bit cells and bit lines (both not shown) for conveying and storing the read and write data. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the array  201  includes several sub-array blocks (e.g.,  203   a  through  203   h  and  205   a  through  207   h ). Each sub-array block includes respective a wordline driver unit (e.g.,  205   a  through  205   h  and  209   a  through  209   h ), and a number of bit cells (not shown) to store the data. In addition, in one embodiment, the sub-array blocks are arranged into groups. In the illustrated embodiment, the sub-array blocks have been arranged such that blocks  203  form one group and blocks  205  form another group. Further, in one embodiment, a group of sub-array blocks (e.g.,  203   a - 203   h  or  207   a - 207   h ) may be read or written but not both concurrently. In other words, if any of the sub-array blocks in a group are being read, then none of the sub-array blocks in that group may be written concurrent with the read operation. However, one group may be read while the other group is concurrently being written. In addition, in one embodiment, different sub-array blocks within the same group may be read concurrently, or written concurrently. For example, a read operation or a write operation may be performed to both sub-array block  203   a  and sub-array block  203   h  concurrently, but a write to sub-array block  203   h  while sub-array block  203   a  is being read would be prohibited. 
     Accordingly, the control unit  215  provides a separate set of control signals to each group of sub-array blocks. Specifically, in one embodiment, the control unit  215  may be configured to receive a clock signal (e.g., CLK), address information (e.g., ADDR), and read/write signals (e.g., R/W). The control unit  215  may provide two separate clock signals (e.g., CLK 0  and CLK 1 ) to the separate groups. For example, the CLK0 signal is provided to the group on the left (e.g., sub-array blocks  203   a - 203   h ), while the CLK 1  signal is provided to the group on the right (e.g., sub-array blocks  207   a - 207   h ). The control unit  215  may also decode the ADDR information into one or more chip selects (e.g., CS) that may select which of the sub-array blocks will be accessed. The R/W signal may be decoded to produce a read enable or a write enable depending on whether it is a read access or a write access. In one embodiment, the CLK 0  and CLK 1  signals may be combined with the Wr_en and the Rd_en signals within each wordline unit  205  and  207  to generate a write wordline signal and a read wordline signal, respectively, to access the bit cells (not shown) in the sub-array blocks. 
     In one embodiment, to reduce the peak current and thus the peak power consumed during memory accesses, the concurrent reads and writes to the sub-array blocks may be staggered so that the edges of the wordline signals are not aligned in time. Accordingly, as shown in  FIG. 3 , the read wordline and the write wordline are staggered. 
     Turning to  FIG. 3 , a timing diagram depicting operational aspects of the embodiment of the memory of  FIG. 2  is shown. The timing diagram of  FIG. 3  includes a clock signal (e.g., CLK( 0 , 1 ) which may correspond to the CLK 0  and/or the CLK 1  signal of  FIG. 2 . In addition, the timing diagram includes a read wordline signal (e.g., Rd WL) and a write wordline signal (e.g., Wr WL). 
     In the illustrated embodiment, both the Rd WL and the Wr WL may be initiated by the leading edge of the CLK 0 ,  1  signal which occurs at time t 0  and as indicated by the wavy arrows. In addition, the falling edge of the Wr WL is also initiated by the falling edge of the CLK 0 ,  1  signal, also indicated by a wavy arrow. Accordingly, the Wr WL duration is frequency dependent. However, as shown, the falling edge of the Rd WL is not initiated by the falling edge of the CLK 0 ,  1  signal. Instead, in one embodiment, the falling edge, at time t 3 , of the Rd WL may be based upon some predetermined amount of time after the rising edge of the Rd WL as indicated by the Δt. Thus, the Rd WL duration is frequency independent. 
     As shown in  FIG. 3 , the rising edge of the Rd WL begins at time t 1 , which may correspond to a small delay after the rising edge of the CLK 0 ,  1  signal. In contrast, the rising edge of the Wr WL begins at time t 2 , which may be a significantly longer delay than the Rd WL delay since write operations occur quickly in comparison to read operations. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the falling edge of the Rd WL may be adjustable as indicated by the dashed lines, dependent upon a number of factors such as sense amplifier type, bit line capacitance, operating voltage, etc. More particularly, in various embodiments, any of a variety of timing circuits may be used to determine when the Rd WL falling edge will begin. For example, as a timer circuit, a wordline kill circuit or some other type of timing circuit may be used. 
     Further, in one embodiment, the delays associated with the rising edges of the Rd WL and the Wr WL may be implemented using gate delays within the WL units of  FIG. 2 . For example, within each WL unit  205  and  209  one or more logic gates such as inverters, buffers, or the like may be daisy chained to provide an appropriate delay for the respective wordline signal. In one embodiment, the CLK 0  or CLK 1  signal may be delayed internally at each WL unit  205  and  209 , while in other embodiments the Rd en or Wr_en may be delayed. 
     As mentioned above and described further below, each Rd WL and each Wr WL may also be staggered with respect to each other WL unit. In one embodiment, the leading or rising edges may be staggered, while in another embodiment the trailing edges may be staggered, and in yet other embodiments, both the leading and trailing edges may be staggered. An exemplary timing diagram depicting such a staggered wordline arrangement is shown in  FIG. 4 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 4 , a timing diagram depicting additional operational aspects of the embodiment of the memory of  FIG. 2  is shown. Similar to the timing diagram shown in  FIG. 3 , the timing diagram of FIG also shows a clock signal (e.g., CLK( 0 , 1 ) which may correspond to CLK 0  and/or CLK  1  signals of  FIG. 2 . However in contrast to  FIG. 3 , the timing diagram of  FIG. 4  includes multiple read wordline signals (e.g., Rd Wl a -WL h ), and multiple write wordline signals (e.g., Wr Wl a -WL h ), which may be representative of the wordline signals provided by the WL units  205  and  209  of  FIG. 2 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 4 , all of the Rd WL signal leading edges and all of the Wr WL signal leading edges are triggered by the CLK ( 0 , 1 ) signal which occurs at time t 0 . In addition, in one embodiment, each of the Rd WL signal leading edges is staggered relative to one another such that none of the Rd WL leading edges are aligned. For example, Rd WL a  is initiated at time t 1  and Rd WL b  is initiated at time t 2 , and so forth. Similarly, each of the Wr WL signal leading edges is staggered relative to one another such that none of the Wr WL leading edges are aligned. For example, Wr WL a  is initiated at time t 3  and Wr WL b  is initiated at time t 4 , and so forth. 
     Further, similar to the falling edges described above in conjunction with the description of  FIG. 3 , the falling edges of the Wr WLa-WLh are also initiated by the falling edge of the CLK 0 ,  1  signal, and the Rd WLa-WLh falling edges such as that shown at time t 5  may be adjustable as indicated by the dashed lines, and based upon some predetermined amount of time after the rising edge of the Rd WL as indicated by the Δt. 
     Turning to  FIG. 5 , a block diagram of one embodiment of a system is shown. The system  500  includes at least one instance of an integrated circuit  510  coupled to one or more peripherals  507  and an external system memory  505 . The system  500  also includes a power supply  501  that may provide one or more supply voltages to the integrated circuit  510  as well as one or more supply voltages to the memory  505  and/or the peripherals  507 . 
     In one embodiment, the integrated circuit  510  may be a system on a chip (SOC) including one or more instances of a processor such as processor  10  of  FIG. 1 , and various other circuitry such as a memory controller, video and/or audio processing circuitry, on-chip peripherals and/or peripheral interfaces to couple to off-chip peripherals, etc. Accordingly, the integrated circuit  510  may include one or more instances of an embedded memory such as memory  200  of  FIG. 2 . Thus, embodiments that include the memory  200  may also include WL units that stagger read and write wordline signals as described above in conjunction with the description of  FIG. 2  through  FIG. 4 . 
     The peripherals  507  may include any desired circuitry, depending on the type of system. For example, in one embodiment, the system  500  may be included in a mobile device (e.g., personal digital assistant (PDA), smart phone, etc.) and the peripherals  507  may include devices for various types of wireless communication, such as WiFi, Bluetooth, cellular, global positioning system, etc. The peripherals  507  may also include additional storage, including various types of RAM storage, solid-state storage, or disk storage. As such, the peripherals  507  may also include RAM that includes the WL units described above. The peripherals  507  may include user interface devices such as a display screen, including touch display screens or multitouch display screens, keyboard or other input devices, microphones, speakers, etc. In other embodiments, the system  500  may be included in any type of computing system (e.g. desktop personal computer, laptop, workstation, net top etc.). 
     The external system memory  505  may be representative of any type of memory. For example, the external memory  505  may be in the DRAM family such as synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate (DDR, DDR2, DDR3, etc.), or any low power version thereof. However, external memory  505  may also be implemented in SDRAM, static RAM (SRAM), or other types of RAM, etc. Accordingly, external system memory  505  may also include WL units as described above in conjunction with the description of  FIG. 2  through  FIG. 4 . 
     Although the embodiments above have been described in considerable detail, numerous variations and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art once the above disclosure is fully appreciated. It is intended that the following claims be interpreted to embrace all such variations and modifications.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20130218
Publication Date: 20140211
Grant Date: 20140211
Priority Date: 20111101
Inventors: MCCOMBS EDWARD M.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G11C8/18", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G11C8/08", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G11C7/12", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G11C7/10", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G11C7/22", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G11C8/18", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 46801365