PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-8482530-B2
Application Number: US-84272407-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Method of capacitively sensing finger position

Abstract:
Sensor array configurations that allow for the accurate determination of an object&#39;s position are disclosed. The sensor configurations utilize a plurality of varying length sensors that have staggered beginning and ending positions. By staggering the beginning and ending positions of the varying length sensors, fewer sensors need to be utilized in a given area to provide accurate positional information.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A sensor array comprising:
 a plurality of sensors of varying length, 
 wherein the sensors have a length direction and a width direction smaller than the length direction, centroids of adjacent sensors are staggered in the length direction of the sensors, and a first distance in the width direction between a sensor and a first adjacent sensor on a side of the sensor is less than a second distance in the width direction between the sensor and a second adjacent sensor on the same side of the sensor. 
 
     
     
       2. The sensor array of  claim 1 , wherein the device is configured to provide a position of an object in contact with the device. 
     
     
       3. The sensor array of  claim 2 , wherein a width of the sensors is configured to be less than a dimension of the object in contact with the device. 
     
     
       4. The sensor array of  claim 2 , wherein the length of the sensors is configured to be greater than a dimension of the object in contact with the device. 
     
     
       5. The sensor array of  claim 2 , wherein the varying distance between a sensor and an adjacent sensor is configured to be less than a dimension of an object in contact with the device. 
     
     
       6. The sensor array of  claim 2 , wherein the object is a finger. 
     
     
       7. The sensor array of  claim 2 , wherein the device is configured to provide the polar coordinate position of the object. 
     
     
       8. The sensor array of  claim 2 , wherein the device is configured to provide the Cartesian coordinate position of the object. 
     
     
       9. The sensor array of  claim 1 , wherein the sensors are positioned parallel to one another. 
     
     
       10. The sensor array of  claim 1 , wherein the sensors are positioned lengthwise around an axis. 
     
     
       11. The sensor array of  claim 1 , wherein the sensors are based on resistive sensing, surface acoustic wave sensing, pressure sensing, optical sensing, or capacitive sensing. 
     
     
       12. The sensor array of  claim 1 , wherein the sensors are based on capacitive sensing. 
     
     
       13. The sensor array of  claim 1 , wherein the device comprises at least one of a media player, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a PDA, a cellular phone, or a remote control. 
     
     
       14. A sensor array comprising:
 a plurality of sensors of varying length each having a length direction and a width direction smaller than the length direction, the sensors being positioned lengthwise around an axis such that the sensors extend toward the axis in the length direction, 
 wherein ends of adjacent sensors in the length direction are positioned at different distances from the axis and none of the sensors reaches the axis. 
 
     
     
       15. The sensor array of  claim 14 , wherein the device is configured to provide a position of an object in contact with the device. 
     
     
       16. The sensor array of  claim 14 , wherein a width of the sensors is configured to be less than a dimension of an object in contact with the device. 
     
     
       17. The sensor array of  claim 14 , wherein the length of the sensors is configured to be greater than a dimension of the object in contact with the device. 
     
     
       18. The sensor array of  claim 14 , wherein the device is configured to provide the polar coordinate position of the object. 
     
     
       19. A sensor array comprising
 a plurality of sensors of uniform width along a length of the sensor, the length being greater than the width for each sensor, and positioned parallel to an axis to be measured, 
 wherein adjacent sensors begin and end at different positions along the axis to be measured, and a first distance in the width direction between a sensor and a first adjacent sensor on a side of the sensor is less than a second distance in the width direction between the sensor and a second adjacent sensor on the same side of the sensor. 
 
     
     
       20. The sensor array of  claim 19 , wherein the device is configured to provide a position of an object in contact with the device. 
     
     
       21. The sensor array of  claim 20 , wherein a width of the sensors is configured to be less than a dimension of an object in contact with the device. 
     
     
       22. The sensor array of  claim 20 , wherein the length of the sensors is configured to be greater than a dimension of the object in contact with the device. 
     
     
       23. The sensor array of  claim 20 , wherein the varying distance between a sensor and an adjacent sensor is configured to be less than a dimension of an object in contact with the device. 
     
     
       24. A sensor array comprising:
 a plurality of sensors of varying length and uniform width along the length of the sensor, the length being greater than the width for each sensor, 
 wherein the length of each sensor is a distance between a first end and a second end of each sensor, 
 ends of adjacent sensors in a length direction of the sensors are staggered, and 
 a first distance between the first end of a sensor and a first adjacent sensor on a side of the sensor is greater than a second distance between the second end of the sensor and a second adjacent sensor on the same side of the sensor. 
 
     
     
       25. A method of determining a position of an object utilizing a sensor array comprising:
 measuring an amount of the object positioned on a sensor array comprising a plurality of sensors of varying length and uniform width along the length of the sensor, the length being greater than the width for each sensor, wherein ends of adjacent sensors in a length direction of the sensors are staggered and a first distance between a sensor and a first adjacent sensor on a side of the sensor differs from a second distance between the sensor and a second adjacent sensor on the same side of the sensor; and 
 correlating the measured amount to a position of the object on the sensor array. 
 
     
     
       26. A method of making a sensor array comprising:
 positioning a plurality of sensors of varying length and uniform width along the length of the sensor, the length being greater than the width for each sensor, on a substrate such that adjacent sensors in a length direction of the sensors are staggered and a first distance between a sensor and a first adjacent sensor on a side of the sensor differs from a second distance between the sensor and a second adjacent sensor on the same side of the sensor. 
 
     
     
       27. A portable device comprising:
 a sensor array comprising a plurality of sensors of varying length and uniform width along the length of the sensor, the length being greater than the width for each sensor, wherein ends of adjacent sensors in a length direction of the sensors are staggered, a first distance between a sensor and a first adjacent sensor on a side of the sensor differs from a second distance between the sensor and a second adjacent sensor on the same side of the sensor, and the sensor array is configured to generate a signal dependent on the position of an object relative to the sensor array; and 
 a processor configured to execute a command that is dependent upon the signal. 
 
     
     
       28. A method comprising:
 disposing an array of spaced, object detecting sensors relative to a surface, the sensors having a first dimension relative to the surface and a second dimension relative to the surface, 
 a first space in the second dimension between a sensor and a first adjacent sensor on a side of the sensor being less than a second space in the second dimension between the sensor and a second adjacent sensor on the same side of the sensor, 
 identifying, along at least one of the first dimension and the second dimension, sensors in the array that detect an object and sensors in the array that do not detect an object, 
 whereby a position of an object relative to the surface is detected. 
 
     
     
       29. The method of  claim 28  wherein the first dimension is measurable along a first linear axis and the second dimension is measurable along a second linear axis. 
     
     
       30. The method of  claim 29  wherein the first linear axis and the second linear axis mutually define an angle of 90°. 
     
     
       31. The method of  claim 28  wherein the first dimension is measurable along a radial axis of a circle and wherein the second dimension is measurable by an angle subtended at the center of the circle. 
     
     
       32. A device comprising:
 an array of spaced, object detecting sensors disposed relative to a surface, the sensors having a first dimension relative to the surface and a second dimension relative to the surface, 
 a first space in the second dimension between a sensor and a first adjacent sensor on a side of the sensor being less than a second space in the second dimension between the sensor and a second adjacent sensor on the same side of the sensor, 
 a processor configured to identify, along at least one of the first dimension and the second dimension, sensors in the array that detect an object and sensors in the array that do not detect an object, 
 whereby a position of an object relative to the surface is detected. 
 
     
     
       33. The device of  claim 32  wherein the first dimension is measurable along a first linear axis and the second dimension is measurable along a second linear axis. 
     
     
       34. The device of  claim 33  wherein the first linear axis and the second linear axis mutually define an angle of 90°. 
     
     
       35. The device of  claim 32  wherein the first dimension is measurable along a radial axis of a circle and wherein the second dimension is measurable by an angle subtended at the center of the circle. 
     
     
       36. A sensor array including a plurality of sensors each having a length along an x axis and a width along a y axis, the plurality of sensors comprising:
 a first sensor having a first length and ending on one side at a first position along the x axis; 
 a second sensor having a second length and ending on the same side at a second position along the x axis; and 
 a third sensor having a third length and ending on the same side at a third position along the x axis, 
 wherein the second sensor is adjacent to the first sensor and the third sensor, the first, second, and third lengths are different from each other, and the first, second, and third positions each have a different coordinate along the x axis, and 
 wherein the plurality of sensors are situated in a sensing area such that gaps are present, the gaps being portions of the sensing area along the x axis of the sensors that are not covered by the sensors as a result of the different lengths and positions of the sensors. 
 
     
     
       37. The sensor array of  claim 36  wherein the first, second, and third sensors constitute a first plurality of adjacent sensors, the sensor array comprising a second plurality of adjacent sensors identical to the first plurality of adjacent sensors except that the second plurality of adjacent sensors is situated in the sensing area adjacent to the first plurality of adjacent sensors such that the gaps associated with the second plurality of adjacent sensors are present at opposite sides of the sensing area and in a mirror image relative to the gaps associated with the first plurality of adjacent sensors.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/858,404, filed Nov. 13, 2006. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This also relates generally to sensor array configurations. In particular, this relates to sensor array configurations that allow for the accurate determination of an object&#39;s position. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Touch pads are often used in portable consumer electronic devices, such as laptop computers. With a touch pad, the movement of an input pointer (i.e., cursor) corresponds to the relative movements of the user&#39;s finger (or stylus) as the finger is moved along a surface of the touch pad. Touch pads can also make a selection on the display screen when one or more taps are detected on the surface of the touch pad. In some cases, any portion of the touch pad may be tapped, and in other cases a dedicated portion of the touch pad may be tapped. 
     Touch pads generally include one or more sensors for detecting the proximity of the finger thereto. By way of example, the sensors may be based on resistive sensing, surface acoustic wave sensing, pressure sensing (e.g., strain gauge), optical sensing, capacitive sensing and the like. The sensors are generally dispersed about the touch pad with each sensor representing an x, y position. In most cases, the sensors are arranged in a grid of columns and rows. Distinct x and y position signals, which control the x, y movement of a pointer device on the display screen, are thus generated when a finger is moved across the grid of sensors within the touch pad. For brevity sake, the remaining discussion will be held to the discussion of capacitive sensing technologies. It should be noted, however, that the other technologies have similar features. 
     Referring to  FIG. 1 , a touch pad  10  will be described in greater detail. The touch pad is generally a small rectangular area that includes a protective shield  12  and a plurality of electrodes  14  disposed underneath the protective shield layer  12 . For ease of discussion, a portion of the protective shield layer  12  has been removed to show the electrodes  14 . Each of the electrodes  14  represents a different x, y position. In one configuration, as a finger  16  approaches the electrode grid  14 , a tiny change in capacitance in the location of finger  16  is detected by the electrodes  14 . The circuit board/sensing electronics measures capacitance and produces an x, y input signal  18  corresponding to the active electrodes  14  that is sent to a host device  20  having a display screen  22 . The x, y input signal  18  is used to control the movement of a cursor  24  on a display screen  22 . As shown, the input pointer moves in a similar x, y direction as the detected x, y finger motion. 
     The smaller and more numerous the sensors are in a given area, the more accurately the position of an object, such as a finger, can be determined. 
     However, as the sensors become smaller, the signal produced by positioning an object over a sensor also becomes smaller relative to the amount of noise generated by the sensor and the sensor system. This makes the sensors less accurate and places an effective limit on the number of sensors that can be used in the sensor array covering an area. 
     Accordingly, a need exists for improved sensor array configurations that allow for accurate determination of finger position in a given area. 
     SUMMARY 
     Described herein are exemplary embodiments of sensor arrays that may provide for more accurate determination of an object&#39;s position. The sensor configurations may use multiple sensor elements, with each of the sensor elements having at least one dimension (a length or a width, for example) that differs from the dimensions of at least some of the other sensor elements. The multiple sensor elements may be arranged in a staggered fashion, so that the leading edges and/or the trailing edges of the sensor elements are not aligned. Such sensor configurations may enable an increase in the accuracy with which an object&#39;s position may be determined and further enable a decrease in the number of sensors required for a given area. Moreover, since fewer sensors may be required, the size of each sensor in an array may be increased, thereby improving the signal to noise ratio of the sensors in the array. 
     Embodiments of the sensor array configuration may include multiple sensors with varying dimensions located at different positions. For example, in a plane that may be described using an X-Y coordinate system, one and two dimensional information about the position of an object can be obtained by varying the length of the sensors and the location of the sensors in the X direction (also referred to herein as the lengthwise direction). Sensors of varying length can be arranged such that the leading edge and the trailing edge of adjacent sensors are not aligned and are instead staggered in a lengthwise direction. In this manner, not all of the sensors may intersect a given line that extends perpendicular to the X direction. 
     Positional information about the location of an object in the X direction of the sensors can be determined by determining which specific sensors are activated by the object. Since different sensors begin and end at different positions in the X direction, not all adjacent sensors may extend to a given X position. Accordingly, once the activated sensors are identified, the location of the object in the X direction can be determined by determining which X position transverses all of the activated sensors. 
     The width of the sensors may be sufficiently narrow such that an object can cover and, therefore, activate a plurality of sensors at the same time. The location of an object in the width direction can then be determined by determining which widthwise position transverses the combination of activated sensors. 
     Accordingly, if the sensor array is expanded to cover a two-dimensional area, the position of a finger can be determined on a Cartesian (X-Y) coordinate system by measuring the position along the length of the sensors and by measuring the position along the narrow width of the sensors. 
     Additionally, some of the sensors can be removed in various patterns and still maintain the ability to locate the object in space due to the fact that if an object lays across a removed sensor, the amount of object over the removed sensor can be approximated by subtracting the amount of object over the non-removed sensor or sensors. In this way, the position of the finger can be measured in two dimensions with an array that has far fewer sensors than a regular grid array and may be used in situations where utilizing a typical grid might produce sensors too small to work effectively. 
     In addition, any of these solutions can be adapted to sense angle along a circular path and radius from the center of the circle by reforming the sensor array in a polar coordinate system. 
     Embodiments of a circular sensor array may include a plurality of sensors of varying lengths positioned lengthwise around an axis. The ends of adjacent sensors may be positioned at different distances from the axis. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  illustrates an example of a touch pad and display. 
         FIGS. 2(   a ) and  2 ( b ) illustrate alternative examples of a capacitive sensing line according to some embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 3(   a ) and  3 ( b ) illustrate alternative examples of sensor arrangements configured to determine the position of an object along an axis to be according to some embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 4  illustrates an example of a sensor arrangements configured to determine the position of an object along two axes to be measured according to some embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 5  illustrates another example of a sensor arrangements configured to determine the position of an object along two axes to be measured according to some embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 6  illustrates an example of a sensor arrangement in a circular pattern that can be used to determine the polar position of an object according to some embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 7  illustrates an example of a perspective diagram of a media player according to some embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 8  illustrates an example of a perspective diagram of a laptop computer according to some embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 9  illustrates an example of a perspective diagram of a desktop computer with a peripheral input device connected thereto according to some embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 10  illustrates an example of a perspective diagram of a remote control using an input device according to some embodiments of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The representative embodiments described herein relate to sensor array configurations that allow for the accurate determination of an object&#39;s position. The sensor configurations may utilize a plurality of varying length sensors that have staggered beginning and ending positions. By staggering the beginning and ending positions of the varying length sensors, fewer sensors may need to be utilized in a given area to provide accurate positional information. Further, since fewer sensors may be utilized, the size of each sensor in the area can be increased to improve the signal to noise ratio of the sensors in the array. 
     In the following description of preferred embodiments, reference is made to the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be used and structural changes may be made without departing from the scope of the preferred embodiments. In addition, the following description includes examples that include capacitive sensors. It is understood that reference to a capacitive sensor can also refer to other types of sensors including (without limitation) resistive sensing, surface acoustic wave sensing, pressure sensing (e.g., strain gauge), optical sensing, capacitive sensing and the like. Further, although a touch pad is described as a device that can utilize the described sensor configurations, it is understood that other sensing devices, for example, touch screens can also utilize these sensor configurations. 
       FIG. 2(   a ) illustrates an example of a capacitive sensing line. In  FIG. 2(   a ), circle  202  illustrates a finger as an object whose position is being determined. To improve the accuracy of positioning with capacitive sensors  204 , finger  202  may cover more than one sensor  204  at a time. If the finger is covering only one sensor at a time, then only the presence of finger  202  on the sensor may be detected. Accordingly, one may not be able to determine the location of finger  202  any more precisely than to say it is in some position entirely within the area defined by the sensor. 
     If the finger covers more than one sensor, one can determine the proportion covering each sensor. For example, if fifty percent of the finger is covering each sensor then one knows the finger is located on the line between the sensors. If twenty five percent of the finger is covering one sensor and seventy five percent is covering the adjacent sensor, then one may know that more of the finger is located over the sensor getting the higher reading. That is the reason for providing sensors  204  with a zigzag shape, as shown in  FIG. 2(   a ). The zigzag shape may enable finger  202  to be over two sensors  204  more of the time without making the sensors smaller. 
       FIG. 2(   b ) illustrates an example in which bar sensor  208  is divided into individual sensor segments  206  that are each about half the size of a finger. Decreasing the size of the sensors allows a finger to be over multiple sensor segments simultaneously. However, decreasing the size also decreases the signal to noise ratio of the sensors in the array. Accordingly, the size of the sensors may be balanced to manage these issues. 
     In the example shown in  FIG. 2(   b ), two sensors  206  are covered by one finger  202 . One may measure the percentage of the two sensors being covered to determine where the finger is located between the two sensors. This is another example of a method of dividing a large bar sensor into multiple sensor segments, reading all of the sensor segments and determining which segments are activated to locate the position of the finger. 
     In  FIGS. 2(   a ) and  2 ( b ), the axis to be measured  200  is broken up into eight segments  204  and  206  along that axis in order to sense movement along that axis. One may detect that two sensor segments  204  or  206  have finger  202  over them and one may measure the proportion to determine where finger  202  is located along axis to be measured  200 . This method of determining finger position may be referred to as a proportional measurement technique. 
       FIGS. 3(   a ) and  3 ( b ) illustrate alternative examples of measuring the position of an object along an axis to be measured  300  that runs the length of a series of sensor strips  302 .  FIG. 3(   a ) illustrates an example with five horizontal sensor strip rows  302  each divided into two sensor segments  304 . Each sensor strip row  302  includes a break  306 , with the break location being different for each row  302 .  FIG. 3(   b ) is similar to  FIG. 3(   a ) except some of the segments  304  have been removed. 
     In contrast to  FIGS. 2(   a ) and  2 ( b ),  FIG. 3(   a ) does not have a single sensor bar broken up along the axis to be measured. Instead,  FIG. 3(   a ) has five sensor strip rows  302 , each of which is divided at different location  306  along axis to be measured  300 . Sensor strip rows  302  are sufficiently narrow and sufficiently close that one finger  202  can cover all of them at the same time. Sensor strip rows  302  are also sufficiently narrow that if finger  202  is touching one sensor segment  304  of a row it is also going to be touching another sensor segment  304  of an adjacent row. 
     Accordingly, the width of the sensors may be chosen to be less than the diameter of an object whose position is to be determined, for example, the diameter of a typical finger. Further, the length of one or more sensors may be chosen to be greater than the diameter of an object whose position is to be determined. 
     In  FIG. 3(   a ) the topmost row of sensor strip rows  302  includes two sensor segments  302 , a shorter sensor segment on the left and a longer sensor segment on the right. Finger  202  covers the longer sensor segment. The second row of sensor strip rows  302  includes a shorter sensor segment on the right and a longer sensor segment on the left. Finger  202  covers the shorter sensor segment. The third row of sensor strip rows  302  includes a shorter sensor segment on the left and a longer sensor segment on the right. Finger  202  covers the longer sensor segment. The fourth row of sensor strip rows  302  includes a shorter sensor segment on the right and a longer sensor segment on the left. Finger  202  covers the longer sensor segment. Etc. 
     In  FIG. 3(   a ), since the lay-out of the sensor array is known, the location of finger  202  may be determined by determining which sensor segments  304 , as described above, that the finger is over. Specifically, there is only one location on axis to be measured  300  in which finger  202  can cover the series of segments  304  previously described. One could additionally use the proportional measurement technique to more accurately determine the location of finger  202 , depending on the number and location of breaks  306  in the sensor strips. 
     In the example shown in  FIG. 3(   b ) every other sensor segment  304  has been removed, at both the left and the right, in an alternating fashion. This means the distance between a sensor segment  304  and an adjacent sensor segment  304  will vary along the length of the sensor segment  304 . 
     As stated above, one finger  202  may cover all five horizontal strip rows  202  at once, due to the size, narrowness and location of the rows. Consequently, the location of finger  202  can be determined by looking at the remaining sensor segments  304  in each of the sensor rows  302  in  FIG. 2(   b ). 
     Further, if finger  202  is not over a particular sensor segment  304 , you can determine that finger  202  may be present in a region where a sensor segment is absent. For example, in  FIG. 3(   b ) finger  202  is detected as being over sensor segments  304  in first and third sensor rows  302  but absent from sensor segment  304  in the second sensor row  202 . Consequently, it can be determined that finger  202  is also over the right-hand space in the second row  302  of sensor segments. A similar analysis may be performed for each of the horizontal rows  302 . In  FIG. 3(   b ) there are only five sensors segments  304  in the illustrated area, in contrast to the eight sensor segments  304  shown in  FIGS. 1(   a ) and  1 ( b ) for an identical area. The example shown in  FIG. 3(   b ) therefore may enable the number of sensor segments  304  to be reduced. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates an example in which the structure shown in  FIG. 3(   a ) has been extended vertically. In  FIG. 4  the vertical position of finger  202  along vertical axis to be measured  406  can be measured according to the method described with respect to  FIG. 2(   a ). More specifically, each sensor row  402  can act as a sensor along a capacitive sensor line that runs along vertical axis to be measured  406 . Since sensor rows  402  are thin, there are a large number of sensor rows  402  per length of the vertical axis to be measured  406 . This provides for high resolution positional sensing along the vertical axis to be measured  406  according to the method described with respect to  FIG. 2(   a ). 
     Because of the pattern of breaks in sensor segments  404  along horizontal axis to be measured  408 , the measurement technique described with respect to  FIG. 3(   a ) that was used to measure along axis to be measured  300  can be utilized to measure along horizontal axis to be measured  408 . Accordingly, this same set of sensor segments  404  can be used to determine the location of finger  202  along both vertical axis to be measured  406  and horizontal axis to be measured  408 . 
     Other methods of measuring along two axes utilize either a large grid of small square sensors which are, for example, half the size of the finger, or utilize two layers of sensors, for example, a vertical set on the front of a substrate and a horizontal set on the back of a substrate. Each of these methods utilizes the measurement technique described with respect to  FIG. 2(   a ) to measure along both the vertical and horizontal axes. 
       FIG. 5  illustrates an example in which the structure shown in  FIG. 3(   b ) has been extended vertically. In the example shown in  FIG. 5  one may be able to determine the horizontal and vertical position of finger  202  with half as many sensors as shown in  FIG. 4 . 
     Specifically, as with  FIG. 4 , each sensor row  502  can act as a sensor along a capacitive sensor line that runs along vertical axis to be measured  506 . Since sensor rows  502  are thin, there are a large number of sensor rows  502  per length of the vertical axis to be measured  506 . This may provide for high resolution sensing of position along the vertical axis to be measured  506  according to the method described with respect to  FIG. 2(   a ). If finger  202  is over a gap position  510  in a sensor row, this can be determined by determining whether a sensor segment above and below gap  510  is activated by finger  202 . If finger  202  is located both above and below gap  510 , it is also over gap  510 . 
     Further, because the pattern of breaks in sensor segments  504  along horizontal axis to be measured  508 , the measurement technique described with respect to  FIG. 3(   b ) to measure along axis to be measured  300  can be utilized to measure along horizontal axis to be measured  508 . Accordingly, this same set of sensor segments  504  can be used to determine the location of finger  202  along both vertical axis to be measured  506  and horizontal axis to be measured  508 . 
     The concept of utilizing unaligned sensor breaks to reduce the number of sensors employed to sense a position is not limited to horizontal bars or strips. The same concept may be used in a polar coordinate pattern or other pattern of two or three dimensions. For example, this concept can be mapped to sense on the interior or exterior of at least one of a torus, a cylinder, a cone, a frustrum (truncated cone), a sphere, a hemisphere, a portion of a sphere, or a variety of other geometric shapes. 
     In a polar configuration, multiple rings of sensors can be utilized to determine the position of a finger using polar coordinates. For example, a sensor layout might include concentric rings of sensors. Once could then determine which ring the finger is covering, the angle around that ring, and could use the proportional measurement technique to determine positions between the two rings. 
     However, if the sensors are arranged in concentric rings, as one moves toward the center of the circle, the size of the wedge-shaped sensor segments decreases. As each sensor segment gets smaller and the sensor area is reduced, there is a reduction in the amount of signal that can be produced by each sensor (i.e., a reduction in the reading of capacitance based on positioning the finger over the sensor). As the amount of signal becomes smaller, the signal to noise ratio also becomes lower. The sensor area of sensor segments in an inner ring in this arrangement can thus have such a low signal to noise ratio that they cannot accurately measure finger position. 
       FIG. 6  illustrates an example of an alternative sensor configuration in a circular pattern that can be utilized to accurately determine polar position utilizing fewer segments. The example shown in  FIG. 6  may be viewed as a polar representation of the example shown in  FIG. 5 . In  FIG. 6 , the vertical axis to be measured of  FIG. 5  is mapped to angle θ around a circle. In  FIG. 6 , the horizontal axis to be measured of  FIG. 5  is mapped to a radius r from the center of a circle or a magnitude (if considered as a vector starting at the center of the circle). For ease of illustration, the number of sensors segments  604  and  606  depicted in  FIG. 6  has been reduced relative to the number of sensor segments  504  depicted in  FIG. 5 . 
     In  FIG. 6  some sensors segments  606  extend to the center of sensor array  600  and some of sensor segments  604  do not extend to the center of sensor array  600 . The combination of sensor elements  604  and  606  can be used to accurately determine polar position of an object (in this case finger  202 ) positioned on sensor array  600 . As long as the width of sensor segments is less than the width of finger  202 , finger  202  will cover more than one sensor  604  and  606  at a time. 
     The angle θ of finger  202  can be determined using this configuration. Since segments  604  and  606  are positioned in a circle at different angles θ, the angle θ of finger  202  can be determined by determining the angle θ of the sensors  604  and  606  activated by finger  202 . 
     The radial position of finger  202  can also be determined using this configuration. Since only segments  606  extend to the center of sensor array  600 , if only sensor segments  606  are activated, then finger  202  is positioned at a radius less than the radius in which segments  604  are positioned. If a sensor segment  604  is activated in addition to a sensor segment  606 , then finger  202  is positioned at a radius at which sensor segments  604  are positioned. 
     The layout shown in  FIG. 6  reduces sensor count and allows for accurate polar positioning of an object. Further, this configuration allows for the use of smaller polar sensor array configurations. 
     In an alternative embodiment of the example shown in  FIG. 6 , one can produce a configuration with the center removed. For example, one could make the wedge shapes shorter so that they don&#39;t reach all the way to the center. This allows for the positioning of another input device, such as a button, in the center of the sensor array. 
     As previously mentioned, the sensor arrays described herein may be integrated into an electronic device as an input device or they may be used in other sensing type devices.  FIGS. 7 and 8  show some implementations of a touch pad sensor array integrated into an electronic device. In  FIG. 7 , touch pad  700  is incorporated into media player  702 . In  FIG. 8 , touch pad  800  is incorporated into laptop computer  802 .  FIGS. 9 and 10 , on the other hand, show some implementations of a touch pad sensor array used in peripheral devices. In  FIG. 9 , touch pad  900  is included in peripheral device  902  that is connected to a desktop computer  904 . In  FIG. 10 , touch pad  1000  is incorporated in remote control  1002  that wirelessly connects to docking station  1004  with media player  1006  docked therein. It should be noted, however, that the remote control can also be configured to interact with the media player (or other electronic device) directly and thereby eliminating the need for a docking station. An example of a docking station for a media player can be found in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/423,490, entitled “MEDIA PLAYER SYSTEM,” filed Apr. 25, 2003, which is hereby incorporated by reference. It should be noted that these particular embodiments are not a limitation and that many other devices and configurations may be used. 
     Referring back to  FIG. 7 , media player  702  will be discussed in greater detail. The term “media player” generally refers to computing devices that may be dedicated to processing media such as audio, video or other images, as for example, music players, game players, video players, video recorders, cameras, and the like. In some cases, the media players contain single functionality (e.g., a media player dedicated to playing music) and in other cases the media players contain multiple functionality (e.g., a media player that plays music, displays video, stores pictures and the like). In either case, these devices are generally portable so as to allow a user to listen to music, play games or video, record video or take pictures wherever the user travels. 
     In one embodiment, the media player is a handheld device that is sized for placement into a pocket of the user. By being pocket sized, the user does not have to directly carry the device and therefore the device can be taken almost anywhere the user travels (e.g., the user is not limited by carrying a large, bulky and often heavy device, as in a laptop or notebook computer). For example, in the case of a music player, a user may use the device while working out at the gym. In case of a camera, a user may use the device while mountain climbing. In the case of a game player, the user may use the device while traveling in a car. Furthermore, the device may be operated by the user&#39;s hands. No reference surface, such as a desktop, is needed. In the illustrated embodiment, media player  702  is a pocket sized handheld MP3 music player that allows a user to store a large collection of music (e.g., in some cases up to 4,000 CD-quality songs). By way of example, the MP3 music player may correspond to the iPod® brand MP3 player manufactured by Apple Computer, Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. Although used primarily for storing and playing music, the MP3 music player shown herein may also include additional functionality such as storing a calendar and phone lists, storing and playing games, storing photos and the like. In fact, in some cases, it may act as a highly transportable storage device. 
     As shown in  FIG. 7 , media player  702  includes housing  722  that encloses various electrical components (including integrated circuit chips and other circuitry) internally to provide computing operations for the media player  702 . In addition, housing  722  may also define the shape or form of the media player  702 . That is, the contour of housing  722  may embody the outward physical appearance of media player  702 . The integrated circuit chips and other circuitry contained within housing  722  may include a microprocessor (e.g., CPU), memory (e.g., ROM, RAM), a power supply (e.g., battery), a circuit board, a hard drive, other memory (e.g., flash) and/or various input/output (I/O) support circuitry. The electrical components may also include components for inputting or outputting music or sound such as a microphone, amplifier and a digital signal processor (DSP). The electrical components may also include components for capturing images such as image sensors (e.g., charge coupled device (CCD) or complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS)) or optics (e.g., lenses, splitters, filters). 
     In the illustrated embodiment, media player  702  includes a hard drive thereby giving the media player massive storage capacity. For example, a 20 GB hard drive can store up to 4000 songs or about 266 hours of music. In contrast, flash-based media players on average store up to 128 MB, or about two hours, of music. The hard drive capacity may be widely varied (e.g., 5, 10, 20 GB, etc.). In addition to the hard drive, media player  702  shown herein also includes a battery such as a rechargeable lithium polymer battery. These types of batteries are capable of offering about 10 hours of continuous playtime to the media player. 
     Media player  702  also includes display screen  724  and related circuitry. Display screen  724  is used to display a graphical user interface as well as other information to the user (e.g., text, objects, graphics). By way of example, the display screen  724  may be a liquid crystal display (LCD). In one particular embodiment, the display screen corresponds to a 160-by-128-pixel high-resolution display, with a white LED backlight to give clear visibility in daylight as well as low-light conditions. As shown, display screen  724  is visible to a user of media player  702  through opening  725  in housing  722  and through transparent wall  726  that is disposed in front of opening  725 . Although transparent, transparent wall  726  may be considered part of housing  722  since it helps to define the shape or form of media player  702 . 
     Media player  702  also includes touch pad  700  including a sensor array such as any of those previously described. Touch pad  700  generally consists of touchable outer surface  731  for receiving a finger for manipulation on touch pad  730 . Although not shown in  FIG. 7 , beneath the touchable outer surface  731  is the sensor array arrangement. The sensor arrangement includes a plurality of sensors that may be configured to activate as the finger sits on, taps on or passes over them. In the simplest case, an electrical signal is produced each time the finger is positioned over a sensor. The number of signals in a given time frame may indicate location, direction, speed and acceleration of the finger on the touch pad, i.e., the more signals, the more the user moved his or her finger. In most cases, the signals are monitored by an electronic interface that converts the number, combination and frequency of the signals into location, direction, speed and acceleration information. This information may then be used by media player  702  to perform the desired control function on display screen  724 . For example, a user may easily scroll through a list of songs by swirling the finger around touch pad  700 . 
     In addition to above, the touch pad may also include one or more movable buttons zones A-D as well as a center button E. The button zones are configured to provide one or more dedicated control functions for making selections or issuing commands associated with operating media player  702 . By way of example, in the case of an MP3 music player, the button functions may be associated with opening a menu, playing a song, fast forwarding a song, seeking through a menu, making selections and the like. In most cases, the button functions are implemented via a mechanical clicking action. 
     The position of touch pad  700  relative to housing  722  may be widely varied. For example, touch pad  700  may be placed at any external surface (e.g., top, side, front, or back) of housing  722  that is accessible to a user during manipulation of media player  702 . In most cases, touch sensitive surface  731  of touch pad  700  is completely exposed to the user. In the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 7 , touch pad  700  is located in a lower front area of housing  722 . Furthermore, touch pad  700  may be recessed below, level with, or extend above the surface of housing  722 . In the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 7 , touch sensitive surface  731  of touch pad  700  is substantially flush with the external surface of the housing  722 . 
     The shape of touch pad  700  may also be widely varied. Although shown as circular, the touch pad may also be square, rectangular, triangular, and the like. More particularly, the touch pad is annular, i.e., shaped like or forming a ring. As such, the inner and outer perimeter of the touch pad defines the working boundary of the touch pad. 
     Media player  702  may also include hold switch  734 . Hold switch  734  is configured to activate or deactivate the touch pad and/or buttons associated therewith. This is generally done to prevent unwanted commands by the touch pad and/or buttons, as for example, when the media player is stored inside a user&#39;s pocket. When deactivated, signals from the buttons and/or touch pad are not sent or are disregarded by the media player. When activated, signals from the buttons and/or touch pad are sent and therefore received and processed by the media player. 
     Moreover, media player  702  may also include one or more headphone jacks  736  and one or more data ports  738 . Headphone jack  736  is capable of receiving a headphone connector associated with headphones configured for listening to sound being outputted by media device  702 . Data port  738 , on the other hand, is capable of receiving a data connector/cable assembly configured for transmitting and receiving data to and from a host device such as a general purpose computer (e.g., desktop computer, portable computer). By way of example, data port  738  may be used to upload or download audio, video and other images to and from media device  702 . For example, the data port may be used to download songs and play lists, audio books, ebooks, photos, and the like into the storage mechanism of the media player. 
     Data port  738  may be widely varied. For example, the data port may be a PS/2 port, a serial port, a parallel port, a USB port, a Firewire port and/or the like. In some cases, data port  738  may be a radio frequency (RF) link or optical infrared (IR) link to eliminate the need for a cable. Although not shown in  FIG. 7 , media player  702  may also include a power port that receives a power connector/cable assembly configured for delivering power to media player  702 . In some cases, data port  738  may serve as both a data and power port. In the illustrated embodiment, data port  738  is a Firewire port having both data and power capabilities. 
     Although only one data port is shown, it should be noted that this is not a limitation and that multiple data ports may be incorporated into the media player. In a similar vein, the data port may include multiple data functionality, i.e., integrating the functionality of multiple data ports into a single data port. Furthermore, it should be noted that the position of the hold switch, headphone jack and data port on the housing may be widely varied. That is, they are not limited to the positions shown in  FIG. 7 . They may be positioned almost anywhere on the housing (e.g., front, back, sides, top, bottom). For example, the data port may be positioned on the top surface of the housing rather than the bottom surface as shown. 
     Although the various exemplary embodiments have been fully described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be noted that various changes and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications are to be understood as being included within the scope of the subject matter defined by the appended claims.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20070821
Publication Date: 20130709
Grant Date: 20130709
Priority Date: 20061113
Inventors: BOLLINGER STEVEN
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G06F3/047", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/041", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/047", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0446", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/041", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0446", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 39368764