PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-10220447-B2
Application Number: US-201514856496-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Polishing and brushing techniques for cylindrical and contoured surfaces

Abstract:
Material removal processes of a structure are disclosed. These processes can define several features. For example, metal structure can include an interior recess surrounded by a sidewall. The structure can further include a base portion integrally formed with the sidewall. The sidewall can include an opening extending through the sidewall and into the interior recess. The sidewall can undergo a material removal process to include multiple curved regions. The sidewall, the first curved region, and the second curved region can be polished to include a reflectivity different than a reflectivity of an exterior region of the base portion. A single multi-axes lathe having multiple spindles performs several material removal processes under a continuous machine cutting process. The spindles may include clamping features that allow a first spindle to perform a first operation then pass the metal structure to a second spindle. Additional processes include lapping, polishing, and linear brushing.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A method operable by a multi-axis lathe tool having multiple spindles for forming multiple enclosures for portable electronic devices from a single substrate, wherein each of the spindles is configured to secure a substrate that is characterized as having a longitudinal axis, the method comprising:
 while the substrate is secured to a first spindle:
 forming an interior recess within the substrate by removing a first portion from the substrate by using a cutting tool; 
 subsequent to forming the interior recess within the substrate, securing the substrate to a second spindle with the interior recess; and 
 while the substrate is secured to the first and second spindles;
 forming an enclosure by removing a second portion from the substrate while the substrate rotates about the longitudinal axis, wherein the enclosure is secured to the second spindle with the interior recess, 
 separating the enclosure from the substrate by using the second spindle, thereby forming a remaining portion of the substrate, 
 machining an opening into a sidewall of the enclosure while the enclosure is secured to the second spindle with the interior recess, wherein the enclosure is capable of carrying a component within the interior recess, and 
 forming an additional enclosure by machining the remaining portion of the substrate with the first and second spindles. 
 
 
 
     
     
       2. The method of  claim 1 , wherein, while the enclosure is secured to the second spindle with the interior recess, the method further comprises:
 performing a cutting operation on the enclosure to define an exterior region of the enclosure. 
 
     
     
       3. The method of  claim 2 , wherein, subsequent to separating the enclosure from the substrate, the method further comprises:
 forming the sidewall extending around the interior recess; and 
 forming a curved region extending from the sidewall. 
 
     
     
       4. The method of  claim 3 , further comprising:
 performing a first material removal operation at the sidewall and the curved region to define a first reflectivity of the sidewall and the curved region; and 
 performing a second material removal operation at the exterior region to define a second reflectivity of the exterior region, wherein the second reflectivity is different from the first reflectivity. 
 
     
     
       5. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the opening includes a chamfered edge that surrounds the opening. 
     
     
       6. The method of  claim 3 , wherein the exterior region, the sidewall, and the curved region are formed using a single cutting tool, such that the exterior region, the sidewall, and the curved region are characterized as having a continuous and consistent finish. 
     
     
       7. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the second spindle moves in a circular motion in a Y-Z plane, and a machining tool used to form the opening in the sidewall enters the sidewall along an X-axis. 
     
     
       8. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a system, cause the system to execute steps for forming multiple enclosures for portable electronic devices from a substrate that include:
 while the substrate is secured to a first spindle:
 performing a first cutting operation at a cutting surface of the substrate to form an interior recess within the substrate by removing a first portion from the substrate by using a cutting tool; 
 subsequent to forming the interior recess within the substrate, securing the substrate to a second spindle by using the interior recess; and 
 while the substrate is secured to the first and second spindles:
 forming an enclosure by removing a second portion from the substrate, wherein the enclosure is secured to the second spindle with the interior recess, 
 separating the enclosure from the substrate by using the second spindle, thereby forming a remaining portion of the substrate, 
 machining an opening into a sidewall of the enclosure while the enclosure is secured to the second spindle with the interior recess, wherein the enclosure is capable of carrying a component within the interior recess, and 
 forming an additional enclosure by machining the remaining portion of the substrate with the first and second spindles. 
 
 
 
     
     
       9. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 8 , wherein the at least one processor further causes the system to execute steps that include:
 performing a cutting operation on the enclosure to define an exterior region of the enclosure. 
 
     
     
       10. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 9 , wherein, subsequent to separating the enclosure from the substrate, the at least one processor further causes the system to execute steps that include:
 forming the sidewall extending around the interior recess. 
 
     
     
       11. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 10 , wherein the at least one processor further causes the system to execute steps that include:
 forming a curved region extending from the sidewall. 
 
     
     
       12. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 8 , wherein the opening includes a chamfered edge that surrounds the opening. 
     
     
       13. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 8 , wherein second spindle moves in a circular motion in a Y-Z plane, and a machining tool used to form the opening in the sidewall enters the sidewall along an X-axis.

Description:
This application claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/129,918, filed on Mar. 8, 2015, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     Field 
     The described embodiments relate generally to a metal substrate undergoing various machining operations. In particular, the present embodiments relate to forming and finishing the metallic substrate to form a cosmetic housing suitable for use with a charging device that charges a consumer electronics device. 
     Background 
     The use of forging and deep drawing techniques for deforming metallic structures into a finished product is generally known in the art. Forging techniques can include application of heat and deformation (for example, striking with a hammer) to a metallic structure. Deep drawing can include exposing the metallic structure to a series of dies, with each successive die providing an additional deformation to the metallic structure. 
     However, these techniques have undesirable drawbacks. For example, during a deep drawing process, the deformed metallic structure may harden, which may strengthen the metallic structure by plastic deformation. As a result, the metallic structure becomes more difficult to perform a subsequent material removal operation, such as cutting. In some cases, an expensive, high-end cutting tool may be required so that the cutting tool does not break or quickly become dull during a cutting operation. Accordingly, such a tool adds costs to the overall process. 
     In addition, the forging and deep drawing techniques can require multiple steps along an assembly process that require transfer from one sub-assembly to another sub-assembly. This is undesirable when the metallic structure must be mass-produced with tight tolerances. 
     SUMMARY 
     In one aspect, a cutting and machining method operable by a multi-axis lathe tool having multiple spindles, each of which is configured to secure a substrate, is described. The cutting and machining method may include performing a first cutting operation at a cutting surface of the substrate with a first spindle to define an interior recess of the substrate. The first cutting operation may include a contact cycle between the cutting surface and a first cutting tool. The contact cycle may include engaging the substrate at the cutting surface with the first cutting tool to remove material from the substrate. The contact cyclone may further include disengaging the cutting surface from the first cutting tool to allow dissipation of at least some heat generated from the engaging the cutting surface with the first cutting tool. 
     In another aspect, a cutting apparatus suitable for cutting a substrate used to form an enclosure feature used with an inductive charging station having an inductive coil is described. The cutting apparatus may include a first cutting tool that performs a first cutting operation in which the first cutting tool further engages the substrate to cut material away from the substrate and disengages the substrate to allow at least some heat, created by the cutting, away of the material, to leave the substrate. The cutting apparatus may further include a second cutting tool that performs a second cutting operation different from the first cutting operation. In some embodiments, the first cutting tool cuts away the material from the substrate to define an interior recess capable of receiving the inductive coil. 
     In another aspect, a non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to implement a method for cutting and machining a substrate, is described. The method may include performing a first cutting operation at a cutting surface of the substrate with a first spindle to define an interior recess of the substrate. The first cutting operation may include a contact cycle between the cutting surface and a first cutting tool. The contact cycle may include engaging the substrate at the cutting surface with the first cutting tool to remove material from the substrate. The contact cyclone may further include disengaging the cutting surface from the first cutting tool to allow dissipation of at least some heat generated from the engaging the cutting surface with the first cutting tool. The method may further include transitioning the substrate from the first spindle to a second spindle. The method may further include securing the substrate with the second spindle at the interior recess. The method may further include performing a second cutting operation with a second cutting tool engaging the substrate secured with the second spindle to define an exterior region of the substrate. 
     Other systems, methods, features and advantages of the embodiments will be, or will become, apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following figures and detailed description. It is intended that all such additional systems, methods, features and advantages be included within this description and this summary, be within the scope of the embodiments, and be protected by the following claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The disclosure will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like structural elements, and in which: 
         FIG. 1  illustrates an isometric view of an embodiment of an enclosure feature; 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a cross-sectional view of the enclosure feature shown in  FIG. 1 , taken along line A-A; 
         FIG. 3  illustrates an embodiment of a cutting tool used to form the chamfered region of the opening shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 ; 
         FIG. 4  illustrates an isometric view of the enclosure feature showing the base portion; 
         FIG. 5  illustrates an isometric view of an embodiment of a metal structure, in accordance with the described embodiments; 
         FIG. 6  illustrates an isometric view of the metal structure undergoing a material removal process to define an interior recess of an enclosure feature, in accordance with the described embodiments; 
         FIG. 7  illustrates an isometric view of the metal structure undergoing a material removal process to define a support feature, in accordance with the described embodiments; 
         FIG. 8  illustrates an isometric view of a material removal process to remove a portion of the metal structure and a second spindle engaging the interior recess, in accordance with the described embodiments; 
         FIG. 9  illustrates an isometric view of the enclosure feature secured with the second spindle, in accordance with the described embodiments; 
         FIG. 10  illustrates an isometric view of a cutting tool used to form an opening in the sidewall, in accordance with the described embodiments; 
         FIG. 11  illustrates a side view of the enclosure feature secured with the second spindle, showing the enclosure feature having a base portion that is bowed due in part to the material removal processes; 
         FIG. 12  illustrates a side view of the second spindle and the enclosure feature shown in  FIG. 11 , showing the second spindle positioning the enclosure feature at an angle with respect to a cutting tool; 
         FIG. 13  illustrates a side view of the second spindle and the enclosure feature after a material removal process by the cutting tool shown in  FIG. 12 ; 
         FIG. 14  illustrates a side view of the enclosure feature having undergone the material removal process shown in  FIG. 12 ; 
         FIG. 15  illustrates a view of a system used to perform a material removal process to remove a portion of the sidewall of the enclosure feature, in accordance with the described embodiments; 
         FIG. 16  illustrates a plan view of a fixture designed to secure several enclosure features such that the several enclosure features can undergo a lapping process to the respective base portions of the enclosure features; 
         FIG. 17  illustrates a top view of an embodiment of a tapping table designed to receive several fixtures similar to the fixture shown in  FIG. 16 ; 
         FIG. 18  illustrates a plan view of a polishing station used to perform a polishing operation to several enclosure features, in accordance with the described embodiments; 
         FIG. 19  illustrates a side view of the polishing station shown in  FIG. 18 , showing a first polishing tool engaging the sidewall of the enclosure feature; 
         FIG. 20  illustrates a plan view of a second polishing station used to perform an additional polishing operation to a sidewall, a first curved region, and a second curved region of an enclosure feature, in accordance with the described embodiments; 
         FIG. 21  illustrates a side view of the first polishing tool (shown in  FIG. 20 ) engaging the sidewall, the first curved region, and the second curved region; 
         FIG. 22  illustrates a side view of a brushing tool performing a linear brushing operation to the first enclosure feature and the second enclosure feature, in accordance with the described embodiments; 
         FIG. 23  illustrates a side view of a brushing tool performing a linear brushing operation several enclosure featured secured with the fixture shown in  FIG. 22 ; 
         FIG. 24  illustrates an isometric view an embodiment of an enclosure feature used to enclose several electrical components that define an inductive charging station, in accordance with the described embodiments; 
         FIG. 25  illustrates a flowchart showing a method for forming an enclosure feature suitable for use with an electrical charging device; and 
         FIG. 26  illustrates a block diagram of a computing device that can represent the components of a computing device or any other suitable device or component for realizing any of the methods, systems, apparatus, and embodiments discussed herein. 
     
    
    
     Those skilled in the art will appreciate and understand that, according to common practice, various features of the drawings discussed below are not necessarily drawn to scale, and that dimensions of various features and elements of the drawings may be expanded or reduced to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention described herein. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Reference will now be made in detail to representative embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the following descriptions are not intended to limit the embodiments to one preferred embodiment. To the contrary, it is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as can be included within the spirit and scope of the described embodiments as defined by the appended claims. 
     In the following detailed description, references are made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of the description and in which are shown, by way of illustration, specific embodiments in accordance with the described embodiments. Although these embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable one skilled in the art to practice the described embodiments, it is understood that these examples are not limiting such that other embodiments may be used, and changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the described embodiments. 
     The following disclosure relates to various processes performed on a metal structure to form an enclosure feature. The metal structure may be in the form of a metal substrate or ingot. The processes include material removal process such as machine cutting, grinding, lapping, polishing, and/or linear brushing. Together, the material removal processes can define the enclosure feature and the remaining metal structure can undergo similar material removal processes to form additional enclosure features. In some cases, the enclosure feature is used as a housing for an electrical charging device, such as an induction charging station used to charge an electronic device. 
     One or more cutting processes may involve securing the metal structure used to form the enclosure feature to a multi-axis lathe tool that positions the metal structure in various orientations to perform one or more cutting operations. The multi-axis lathe tool may include several spindles, each of which is designed to rotate the metal structure about a longitudinal axis extending through a lengthwise dimension of the metal structure. Also, the multi-axis lathe tool may be disposed in a single housing. Further, the multi-axis lathe tool may be designed to cut the metal structure under a continuous process within the single housing. For example, the multi-axis lathe tool may include a first spindle that secures an exterior region of the metal structure such that one or cutting tools of the multi-axis lathe tool may perform cutting operations to define an interior recess and a sidewall of the enclosure feature. Further, additional cutting operations can be performed to define several curved regions on an exterior region of the sidewall. After these cutting operations, a second spindle, using a special fixture or end effector, secures with the metal structure via the interior recess and the sidewall. Then, a subsequent cutting operation can cut away the processed region of the metal structure away from the remaining metal substrate. The remaining metal substrate can undergo the initial cutting processes to form additional enclosure features. 
     The second spindle then carries the (partially formed) enclosure feature and is designed to actuate, or rotate, the enclosure feature and additional cutting tools can perform additional cutting operations to an exterior of the enclosure feature. For instance, a base portion integrally formed with the sidewall can undergo one or more cutting operations to an exterior region of the base portion. The phrase “integrally formed” as used throughout this detailed description and in the claims refers to a structure having two or more features formed from a single, unitary piece of material. The formation may be through a subtractive manufacturing process that removes material from the structure to define the two or more features. In order to provide a more consistent finish, a single cutting tool is used to perform cutting operations to the base portion and to the curved region that transitions from the base portion to the sidewall. Also, the enclosure feature may further receive one or more cutting operations to define an opening in the sidewall. 
     The described cutting and machining processes are designed to allow for relatively fast processing by performing a cutting operation and then transitioning the enclosure feature between spindles to quickly continue to a subsequent cutting operation. Also, because the multi-axis lathe tool can perform these cutting operations in the single housing, the cutting operations are performed with minimal time leading to higher throughput. Also, the multi-axis lathe tool not only actuates the spindles by rotational movement, but also repeatedly actuates the spindles in a direction toward and in a direction away from the cutting tools. In this manner, the multi-axis lathe tool includes a machining compensation feature that limits contact between the enclosure feature and the cutting tools. As such, heat generation caused by constant engagement between the enclosure feature and the cutting tools is reduced or avoided, and temperature gradients created near the point of contact between the enclosure feature and the cutting tool is limited. This cutting operation can lead to less product deformation and accordingly, may lead to less waste. It will be appreciated, however, that the cutting tools may also be actuated in a direction away from and toward a rotating enclosure feature and the same results may be achieved. 
     Subsequent to the cutting processes, additional material removal processes remove undesirable features, such as cutting marks, from the enclosure feature to improve the contour and finish. For example, the sidewall may receive a grinding operation that not only removes the cutting marks but also reduces operating times in subsequent stations. For example, the operating time of a polishing station designed to polish the enclosure feature may be reduced. 
     In order to improve the co-planarity, or flatness, of the base portion, the enclosure feature may undergo a lapping process. The lapping process uses a fixture having several compliant features used to receive several enclosure features. The compliant features offer a machining compensation that allows for flexibility to account for some acceptable variations or tolerances among the enclosure features. Some lapping features and techniques that may be used are described and explained in U.S. Patent Publication 2014/0364038, to Lancaster-Larocque et al., and titled “CYLINDRICAL LAPPING”, and U.S. Patent Publication 2013/0225050, to Chan et al., and titled “LOCALIZED SPOT LAPPING ON A LARGER WORK SURFACE AREA”, the contents of each are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
     The material removal process may further include several additional polishing operations. For example, several enclosure feature, and in particular the sidewalls of the enclosure features, can move along a track in order undergo one or more rough polishing operations. Then, a subsequent polishing station may include a compliant material (for example, cotton) to provide a fine polishing operation to both the sidewall and the curved regions. The fine polish may give the sidewall and the curved regions a relatively high reflectivity and aesthetic cosmetic finish. Also, the simultaneous fine polishing operation provides a continuous and consistent finish between the sidewall and the curved regions. 
     The enclosure features may further proceed to a linear brush station. The enclosure features may be secured to a special fixture similar to that of the fixture used by the multi-axis lathe tool. The linear brush station uses a sanding process that incorporates, for example, an abrasive sand paper moving along a belt. The fixture applies pressure to the enclosure features such that the base portions of the enclosure features are exposed to the sand paper. In this manner, an exterior region of the base portion includes a finish having several fine, linear-direction lines generally parallel with respect to each other. This process provides not only a second, different reflectivity than that of the reflectivity of the sidewalls and the curved regions, but also provides a distinct transition from the base portion to a curved region between the base portion and the sidewall. 
     These and other embodiments are discussed below with reference to  FIGS. 1-26 . However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the detailed description given herein with respect to these Figures is for explanatory purposes only and should not be construed as limiting. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates an isometric view of an embodiment of an enclosure feature  100 , in accordance with the described embodiments. In some embodiments, the enclosure feature  100  is formed from metal. For example, in some embodiments, the enclosure feature  100  is formed from stainless steel. In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1 , the enclosure feature  100  is formed from stainless that includes a relatively high amount of nickel. Stainless steel may be used to provide a robust structure with an aesthetic cosmetic finish, while nickel may be used to improve the corrosion-resistance of the enclosure feature  100 . Also, in some embodiments, the enclosure feature  100  includes an austenitic stainless steel such that the enclosure feature  100  is non-magnetic and, accordingly, is not attracted to a magnet. This reduces interference in applications in which the enclosure feature  100  is part of an induction charging station. Also, the enclosure feature  100  may be formed from a material removal process, such as subtractive manufacturing. This includes one or more cutting processes, which will be described below. As such, when the enclosure feature  100  is formed from dense metals, there may be relatively high heat generation due to friction, thereby causing a temperature gradient in certain locations of the enclosure feature  100  during production. Therefore, in some embodiments, the enclosure feature  100  is formed from non-work hardenable materials. In other words, in some embodiments, the enclosure feature  100  does not include materials that tend to harden or strengthen during a material removal process. Further, the material removal processes described herein may be designed to limit or prevent the material or materials used to form the enclosure feature  100  from hardening. While certain materials may be described, any metal material or materials that are non-magnetic, corrosion-resistant, and substantially non-work hardenable may generally be used to form the enclosure feature  100 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , the enclosure feature  100  may include a sidewall  102  integrally formed with a base portion  104 , and an interior recess  106  defined by the sidewall  102  and the base portion  104 . As shown, the sidewall  102  circumferentially surrounds the base portion  104 . The interior recess  106  is generally a void or space in the enclosure feature  100  and formed from a material removal process. Also, the interior recess  106  can be used to receive one or more electrical components (such as an electromagnet) to form an induction charging station (not shown). The sidewall  102  may include a support feature  108 . In some embodiments, the support feature  108  is a ledge or generally horizontal surface that may be used to receive a component. For example, the component may be an electronic device support associated with an induction charging station. 
     The sidewall  102  may include several additional features. For example, the sidewall  102  may include an opening  112  that allows one or more features to extend through the enclosure feature  100 . Also, the sidewall  102  may include a first curved region  114  and a second curved region  116 . Both the first curved region  114  and the second curved region  116  may extend along opposing regions of the sidewall  102 . The second curved region  116  may further define a transition region from the sidewall  102  to an exterior region (not shown) of the base portion  104 . Also, as shown, the sidewall  102  includes a reflectivity substantially similar to that of the first curved region  114  and second curved region  116 . This reflectivity is generally associated with a relatively shiny, high-polish finish. Also, during a material removal process, a single tool (not shown) may be used to cut both the first curved region  114  and the second curved region  116 . Accordingly, the first curved region  114  includes a radius of curvature substantially similar to that of the second curved region  116 . 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a cross-sectional view of the enclosure feature  100  shown in  FIG. 1 , taken along line A-A. As shown, the opening  112  of the enclosure feature  100  may include chamfered region  122  that defines an outer perimeter of the opening  112 . The chamfered region  122  is designed to provide the opening  112  to replace any sharp edge with a smooth and rounded edge. In this manner, when the opening  112  includes a structure sensitive to damage, such as a polymeric sheath of a cord assembly, the structure is less likely incur damage when contacting the opening  112  due in part to the opening  112  having a rounded edge. 
     In order form the chamfered region  122 , a cutting tool with a radius of curvature corresponding to the radius of curvature of the chamfered region  122  may be inserted into the opening  112  and used to perform a material removal process to the opening  112 .  FIG. 3  illustrates an embodiment of a cutting tool  202  used to form the chamfered region  122  of the opening  112  (shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 ). The cutting tool  202  includes an end region  204  smaller than a diameter of the opening  112 . The cutting tool  202  is used subsequent to a material removal process used to form a rough cut for the opening  112 . Also, the cutting tool  202  includes a cutting edge  206  having a radius of curvature substantially similar to that of the chamfered region  122 . It will be appreciated that the cutting edge  206  may vary in order to form a desired radius of curvature of the chamfered region  122 . 
       FIG. 4  illustrates an isometric view of the enclosure feature  100  showing an exterior region  132  of the base portion  104 . As shown, the exterior region  132  may include a brushed finish formed by material removal process (described below). The brushed finish is generally associated with several fine, linear-direction lines generally parallel with respect to each other. Also, the exterior region  132  includes a reflectivity different that of the sidewall  102 , the first curved region  114 , and the second curved region  116 . The reflectivity of the exterior region  132  is generally associated with a dull, non-gloss finish. Also, the exterior region  132  is designed to contact a surface (such as a desk) on which the enclosure feature  100  lies and may form an abrasive contact surface to limit lateral movement of the enclosure feature  100  with respect to the surface. 
     The following description and figures are associated with various material removal processes used to form an enclosure feature (such as the enclosure feature  100 , shown in  FIG. 1 ). The material removal process can include several machine-cutting techniques used to form the basic shape and design of the enclosure feature, as well as various lapping, sanding, and polishing techniques. The enclosure features shown and described may include any property or properties previously described for an enclosure feature. 
       FIG. 5  illustrates an isometric view of an embodiment of a metal structure  300 , in accordance with the described embodiments. The metal structure  300  is associated with a single, solid piece of material used to form an enclosure feature previously described. As shown, the metal structure  300  is in the form of a cylindrical metal ingot or substrate. In this regard, the metal structure  300  may be used to form several enclosure features. The cutting operations described below are designed to perform several material removal processes to the metal structure  300 , including cutting away a partially processed enclosure feature from the metal structure  300 . 
       FIG. 6  illustrates an isometric view of the metal structure  300  undergoing a material removal process to define an interior recess  406  of an enclosure feature, in accordance with the described embodiments. A first spindle  302  of a multi-axis lathe tool (not shown) secures the metal structure  300  within the first spindle  302 . As shown, the first spindle  302  rotates the metal structure  300  at relative high speeds, on the order of several thousand revolutions per minute (“RPM”). Also, the first spindle  302  is designed to actuate the metal structure  300  in a direction toward and away from a cutting tool  214  that remains stationary during the cutting process. Moreover, the actuation toward and away from the cutting tool  214  may be performed during the cutting process, similar to a “pecking” action indicative of a contact cycle of engagement and disengagement between the metal structure  300  and the cutting tool  214 . For example, when the first spindle  302  actuates the metal structure  300  to engage the cutting tool  214  or a cutting surface of the metal structure  300 , the cutting tool  214  performs a cutting operation to the metal structure  300 . Further, when the first spindle  302  actuates the metal structure  300  away from the cutting tool  214 , the metal structure  300 , and in particular, the cutting surface of the metal structure, is allowed to dissipate heat (generated by the cutting action of the cutting tool  214 ) and cool the metal structure  300 . Also, the cutting tool  214  is allowed to dissipate heat and cool. In this manner, the contact between the metal structure  300  and the cutting tool  214  is minimized and heat build-up in the metal structure  300  is reduced. This reduces undesirable attributes such as thermal gradients across the metal structure  300  and/or the cutting tool  214 , as well as heat deformation to the metal structure  300 . Also, management of chip removal is improved which may lead to decreased machining times. Also, it will be appreciated that prior to cutting to form the interior recess  406 , there may be cutting process to remove an exterior, circumferential surface of the metal structure  300  to obtain a desired diameter and/or to remove any defects associated with the exterior, cylindrical surface of the metal structure  300 . 
     Further, the multi-axis lathe tool may further include one or more temperature sensors monitoring the temperature during the cutting operation. The temperature sensors may provide an input to a controller. The controller may increase or decrease a frequency of the contact cycle based upon the input from the temperature sensors. This may increase the efficiency of the operation by changing the cutting operation according to real-time temperature monitoring, and may also increase the life of the cutting tool  214  by reduces heat-related stresses to the cutting tool  214 . 
       FIG. 7  illustrates an isometric view of the metal structure  300  undergoing a material removal process to define a support feature  408 , in accordance with the described embodiments. The support feature  408  may be akin to a support feature  108  (shown in  FIG. 1 ). Again, the first spindle  302  is capable of actuating the metal structure  300  with respect to the cutting tool  224  in a manner previously described for actuating the metal structure  300  with respect to the cutting tool  214  (shown in  FIG. 6 ). 
       FIG. 8  illustrates an isometric view of a material removal process to remove a portion of the metal structure  300  and a second spindle  304  engaging the interior recess  406  of the enclosure feature  400 , in accordance with the described embodiments. As shown, a cutting tool  234  may be actuated in a direction toward and away from the metal structure  300 . Further, the cutting tool provides a cutting action that removes an enclosure feature  400  (partially formed) from the metal structure  300 . Also, the second spindle  304  includes a fixture (not shown) designed to secure the enclosure feature  400  with the second spindle  304 . In this manner, when the enclosure feature  400  is cut away from the metal structure  300 , the second spindle  304  carries the enclosure feature  400  away from the first spindle  302  and to the next area of the multi-axis lathe tool (not shown) to perform a subsequent cutting action. Also, the first spindle  302  can begin using a remaining portion of the metal structure  300  to form a subsequent enclosure feature. This continuous process described reduces manufacturing process, which leads to higher throughput of an enclosure feature. 
     Several cutting steps (not shown) may be performed prior to cutting a portion of the metal structure  300 . For example, one or more cutting processes may be used to form a first curved region  414  and a second curved region  416 . 
       FIG. 9  illustrates an isometric view of the enclosure feature  400  secured with the second spindle  304 , in accordance with the described embodiments. In this configuration, exterior features of the enclosure feature  400  and additional cutting process may be performed. Further, any residual effects from the cutting tool  234  (shown in  FIG. 8 ), such as a protrusion  420  located on an exterior region  432  of the base portion  404 , can be removed. Also, in some embodiments, a single cutting tool (not shown) can be used to perform a cutting operation along the first curved region  414 , the sidewall  402 , the second curved region  416 , and exterior region  432 . This allows for a continuous, uninterrupted finish along the aforementioned sections as multiple cutting tools with associated various radii of curvature and associated tolerances are avoided. 
       FIG. 10  illustrates an isometric view of a cutting tool used to form an opening in the sidewall  402 , in accordance with the described embodiments. As shown, the second spindle  304  orients the enclosure feature  400  such that the sidewall  402  receives a rough cut from the cutting tool  244 . Subsequent to the rough cut, the second spindle  304  can actuate the enclosure feature  400  to an additional cutting tool (such as the cutting tool  202 , shown in  FIG. 3 ) in the multi-axis lathe tool. The additional cutting tool can be used to form a chamfered region of the opening (such as the chamfered region  122  shown in  FIG. 2 ). 
     Also, during the cutting operation used to form the chamfered region, the second spindle  304  is capable of movement in circular motion in a Y-Z plane. As such, a cutting tool, such as the cutting tool  202 , enters along the X-axis and enters the rough cut opening (not shown). The cutting tool  202  may rotate about a longitudinal axis extending through the cutting tool  202  while the enclosure feature  400 , actuated by the second spindle  304 , moves along a circular path in accordance with the circular motion in the Y-Z plane. 
     Although the various cutting techniques are designed to reduce heat build-up in an enclosure feature, frictional forces may nonetheless create some heat and deformation may occur. However, certain techniques may be used to reduce and offset the deformation. 
       FIG. 11  illustrates a side view of the enclosure feature  400  secured with the second spindle  304 , showing the enclosure feature  400  having a base portion  404  deformed or bowed due from a material removal processes previously described.  FIG. 12  illustrates a side view of the second spindle  304  and the enclosure feature  400  shown in  FIG. 11 , showing the second spindle  304  positioning the enclosure feature  400  at an angle with respect to a cutting tool  254 . As shown, the second spindle  304  is a capable of actuating the enclosure feature  400  in a direction toward and away from the cutting tool  254 . In some embodiments, the second spindle  304  actuates the enclosure feature  400  horizontally with respect to the cutting tool  254 . In the embodiments shown in  FIG. 12 , the cutting tool  254  actuates horizontally with respect to the enclosure feature  400 . 
     When the enclosure feature  400  engages the cutting tool  254 , at least a portion of the deformed region of the base portion  404  is cut away from the base portion  404 .  FIG. 13  illustrates a side view of the second spindle  304  and the enclosure feature  400  after a material removal process by the cutting tool  254  (shown in  FIG. 12 ). While some deformation is present, the material removal process forms a base portion  404  substantially flat after the various stresses (heat build-up and securing/clamping with the second spindle  304 ) are removed.  FIG. 14  illustrates a side view of the enclosure feature  400  having undergone the material removal process shown in  FIG. 12 . As shown, once heat is dissipated and the second spindle  304  is removed, the base portion  404  is substantially flat. 
     Subsequent to the cutting processes previously described, additional material processes may be performed. For example,  FIG. 15  illustrates a view of a grinding system  500  used to perform a material removal process to remove a portion of the sidewall  402  of the enclosure feature  400 , in accordance with the described embodiments. In some embodiments, the grinding system  500  is a rotary tool that rotates a grit material  502  (such as sand paper) along a wheel  504  to remove material from the sidewall  402 . The enclosure feature  400  may be engaged with an actuator  312  designed to rotate the enclosure feature  400  during the material removal process. The sidewall  402  may include several cut marks or other minor defects from the cutting operations that may be substantially, or in some cases, completely removed from the sidewall  402 . Also, the grinding system  500  can be used to remove material from the enclosure feature  400  such that the sidewall  402  is substantially straight or vertical. This ensures a consistent finish of a product produced in mass quantities. Also, although  FIG. 15  generally shows a setup for an enclosure feature  400 , the grinding system  500  may be used inline with a mass production line used to remove material from several enclosure features. 
     After the sidewall grinding described above, a base portion may undergo a material removal process.  FIG. 16  illustrates a plan view of a fixture  600  designed to secure several enclosure features such that the several enclosure features can undergo a lapping process to the respective base portions of the enclosure features. The fixture  600  may include compliant features  610  used to secure several enclosure features. For example, the compliant features  610  may include a first compliant feature  612  and a second compliant feature  614 . Each of the compliant features  610  of the fixture  600  is designed to engage an interior recess (such as interior recess  106  shown in  FIG. 1 ) of an enclosure feature. The compliant features  610  include a cushion in order to offset, or “absorb”, any tolerances of the enclosure features such that each of the base portions engages a lapping table used in the lapping process. When each of the compliant features  610  is loaded with an enclosure feature, the fixture  600  is disposed on a lapping table. A lapping process can include includes small, abrasive particles positioned between the lapping table and one or more parts. Both the lapping table and the one or more parts are rotated, and the base portions contact the abrasive particles to provide a material removal process to the base portions. In this manner, a base portion (such as the base portion  104  shown in  FIG. 4 ) includes improved co-planarity, or flatness, due in part to the lapping process. Some lapping features and techniques may be used are described and explained in U.S. Patent Publication 2014/0364038, to Lancaster-Larocque et al., and titled “CYLINDRICAL LAPPING,” and U.S. Patent Publication 2013/0225050, to Chan et al., and titled “LOCALIZED SPOT LAPPING ON A LARGER WORK SURFACE AREA,” the contents of each are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
       FIG. 17  illustrates a top view of exemplary embodiment of a lapping table  650  designed to receive several fixtures similar to the fixture  600  shown in  FIG. 16 . Subsequent to one or more cutting and grinding operations to a surface of enclosure feature, the lapping table  650  may be used to perform a lapping operation to the enclosure in order to improve the surface finish of, for example, an exterior region  132  (shown in  FIG. 4 ) of an enclosure feature. This may improve the planarity of the exterior region and/or removing cutting marks left by a prior cutting operation. 
     The lapping table  650  may include a disc  652 . The abrasive disc  652  may be coupled to a rotational mechanism (e.g., a motor) designed to rotate the abrasive disc  652  at various speeds about an axis extending through a center of the disc  652 . As shown, the disc  652  may rotate in a counterclockwise manner. However, in other embodiments, the rotational mechanism rotates the disc  652  in a clockwise manner. The rotational speed of the disc  652  may be selected based upon the type of surface finish that is desired from the lapping operation, amongst other factors. For example, an enclosure feature having undergone a substantially material removal operation may only require a relatively low material removal operation from the lapping table  650 , and accordingly, the rotational speed of the disc  652  may be relatively slow. 
     The disc  652  may include an abrasive surface  654 . In some embodiments, the abrasive surface  654  includes several small particles that engage a structure, such as an enclosure feature (previously described), to perform a material removal operation a surface the structure. For example, the particles of the abrasive surface  654  may be positioned between the disc  652  and several enclosure features coupled with a fixture, such as the fixture  600  (also described in  FIG. 16 ). 
     The lapping table  650  may additionally include one or more conditioning rings. As shown, the lapping table includes a first conditioning ring  656 , a second conditioning ring  658 , and a third conditioning ring  660 . However, the number of conditioning rings may vary. Each conditioning ring may include a retaining feature coupled with the conditioning ring, with each retaining feature designed to receive a fixture. As shown in  FIG. 17 , the first conditioning ring  656  may include a first retaining feature  666  designed receive the fixture  600 . However, the retaining features may be designed to receive several fixtures. For example, the third conditioning ring  670  may include a retaining feature  670  designed to receive a first fixture  622 , a second fixture  624 , and a third fixture  626  (with these fixture being substantially similar to that of the fixture  600 ). This may allow the lapping table  650  to increase the throughput of the lapping operation. 
     Each fixture shown in  FIG. 17  may include several compliant features (previously described) that may receive an enclosure feature in a manner such that an exterior region (such as the exterior region  132  shown in  FIG. 4 ) engages the abrasive surface  654 . For example, enlarged view shows the first compliant feature  612  securing a first enclosure feature  602  secured with the first compliant feature  612  such that an exterior region of the first enclosure feature faces the abrasive surface  654 . Also, the second conditioning ring  658  and the third conditioning ring  660  may include a fixture (or fixtures) substantially similar to the fixture  600 , with each fixture having several compliant features loaded with a fixture to undergo a lapping operation. 
     The conditioning rings may include one or more attachment mechanisms for coupling one or more fixtures along an inside surface of a conditioning ring such that the fixtures are retained. In this regard, a center portion of the conditioning rings may be hollow as illustrated, and the attachment mechanisms may engage the fixtures such that fixture are held with the attachment mechanisms. 
     When each fixture is loaded with several enclosure features and positioned in a retaining feature, the enclosure features may be disposed over the abrasive surface  654 . During operation, the disc  652  may rotate in a direction opposite the direction of the conditional rings. For example, as shown, the disc  652  may rotate in a counterclockwise direction, while the first condition ring  656 , the second conditioning ring  658 , and the third condition ring  660  may rotate in a clockwise direction. The rotational motion of the disc  652 , which carries the abrasive surface  654 , combined with the opposing rotational motion of the conditioning rings, which carry and rotate the fixtures, may create additional frictional threes between the enclosure features and the abrasive surface  654 . This may increase the efficiency of the lapping operation and decreasing the lapping operation times. Also, although not shown, one or more plates may be disposed over each of the retaining features. The plates may provide an additional force to the fixtures, which may cause an additional frictional force between the enclosure features and the abrasive surface  654 . 
     In order form an enclosure feature with a relatively high reflectivity, the enclosure feature may undergo several polishing operations. For example,  FIG. 18  illustrates a plan view of a first polishing station  700  used to perform a polishing operation to several enclosure features, in accordance with the described embodiments. Generally, the first polishing station  700  is designed to give a rough polish and condition the enclosure features for subsequent polishing operations. As shown, the first polishing station  700  is positioned near a track  702  having several fixtures  710 , such as a first fixture  712  and a second fixture  714 , capable of receive an enclosure feature previously described. The several fixtures  710  move along the track  702  in the direction of the arrow  718 , and may move onto one or more polishing stations similar to the polishing station shown in  FIG. 18 . 
     As shown, the first polishing station  700  includes a first polishing tool  722  and a second polishing tool  724 . In some embodiments, the first polishing tool  722  and the second polishing tool  724  are designed to rotate in a direction perpendicular with respect to the direction of the arrow  718 . For example,  FIG. 19  illustrates a side view of the first polishing station  700  shown in  FIG. 18 , showing the first polishing tool  722  engaging the sidewall  402  of the enclosure feature  400 . The first fixture  712  may rotate the enclosure feature  400  while the first polishing tool  722  rotates in a clockwise direction. As the enclosure feature  400  travels along the track  702  “into the page” (in view of the direction of the arrow  718 , shown in  FIG. 17 ), the clockwise rotation of the first polishing tool  722  is generally perpendicular with respect to the direction of travel of the enclosure feature  400 . 
       FIG. 20  illustrates a plan view of a second polishing station  800  used to perform an additional polishing operation to a sidewall, a first curved region, and a second curved region of an enclosure feature, in accordance with the described embodiments. The second polishing station  800  is designed to be a fine polish associated with a high reflectivity. Accordingly, in some cases, the second polishing station  800  can be the final polishing step. 
     As shown, the second polishing station  800 , like the first polishing station  700  (shown in  FIG. 18 ), may be positioned near the track  702  that delivers several enclosure features from the first polishing station  700 . The second polishing station  800  may include a first polishing tool  822 , a second polishing tool  824 , and a third polishing tool  826 . In some embodiments, the first polishing tool  822 , the second polishing tool  824 , and the third polishing tool  826  include a cotton material. The first polishing tool  822 , the second polishing tool  824 , and the third polishing tool  826  are designed to include compliant material such that a sidewall and multiple curves regions of an enclosure feature deform the aforementioned polishing tools and receive a polishing operation from each of the polishing tools of the second polishing station  800 . 
     In this manner,  FIG. 21  illustrates a side view of the first polishing tool  822  (shown in  FIG. 20 ) engaging the sidewall  402 , the first curved region  414 , and the second curved region  416  of the enclosure feature  400 . This allows for a continuous and consistent polishing finish of the sidewall  402 , the first curved region  414 , and the second curved region  416 . As shown, the first fixture  712  can rotate the enclosure feature  400  while engaged with the first polishing tool  822 . In other embodiments, the first polishing tool  822  rotates, either alternatively or in combination, with respect to the enclosure feature  400  and the first fixture  712 . 
       FIG. 22  illustrates a plan view of a fixture  900  used to secure several enclosure features to perform a linear brushing operation to the base portion of the enclosure feature, in accordance with the described embodiments. The fixture  900  includes a first fixture element  902 , a second fixture element  904 , a third fixture element  906 , and a fourth fixture element  908 . However, in other embodiments, the fixture  900  includes five or more fixture elements. Also, as shown, the first fixture element  902  includes a first enclosure feature  912  and the second fixture element  904  includes a second enclosure feature  914 . The fixture  900  is designed to maintain the enclosure features in a stationary position while a linear brush operation engages the base portions of the enclosure features, and in particular, the exterior regions (of the base portions). 
       FIG. 23  illustrates a side view of a brushing tool  1000  performing a linear brushing operation to the first enclosure feature  912  and the second enclosure feature  914 . The first enclosure feature  912  and the second enclosure feature  914  are with the fixture  900 . In some embodiments, the brushing tool  1000  is a belt grinder that includes a grit material  1002  such as sand paper. In some embodiments, the grit material  1002  is high-grit sandpaper material formed from an aluminum oxide. The brushing tool  1000  allows for an enclosure feature, such as the first enclosure feature  912  and the second enclosure feature  914 , to include an exterior region having several fine, linear-direction lines generally parallel with respect to each other (see, for example, the exterior region  132  shown in  FIG. 4 ). 
       FIG. 24  illustrates an isometric view an embodiment of an enclosure feature  1100  used to enclose several electrical components that define an inductive charging station  1200 , in accordance with the described embodiments. The inductive charging station  1200  may be used to provide electrical current to an electronic device by inductive power transmission. In this regard, the inductive charging station  1200  may include an inductive coil, or inductive transmitter coil, wrapped around a metal core (iron core, for example) and designed to pair (or inductively couple) with a an inductive coil, or inductive receiver coil, in the electronic device. When the inductive transmitter coil receives an electrical current in the form of an alternating current, the inductive transmitter coil may induce a voltage, via the metal core, in the inductive receiver coil and charge a battery in the electronic device. 
     The inductive charging station  1200  may include a support surface  1202  that receives an electronic device (not shown) to be charged via induction charging free of a wired connection between the inductive charging station  1200  and the electronic device to be charged. In some embodiments, the support surface  1202  is formed from a polymeric material, such as plastic. However, the support surface  1202  may be formed from any electromagnetically or radio frequency (“RF”) transparent material that allows for an inductive coupling between the inductive charging station  1200  and an electronic device. The support surface  1202  may combine with the enclosure feature  1100  to enclose an inductive coil (not shown) wrapped around a metal core (not shown). In this manner, when the inductive charging station  1200  is inductively coupled with an electronic device, the support surface  1202  allows an electrical current to flow from the inductive coil and the metal core in the inductive charging station  1200  through the support surface  1202 , and to an inductive coil (not shown) in the electronic device designed to provide the electrical current to a battery in an electronic device. The aforementioned inductive coils may be magnetically coupled by, for example, a magnetic attachment disposed in the inductive charging station  1200 . However, the enclosure feature  1100  may be formed from one or more non-magnetic materials such that the enclosure feature  1100  does not alter the magnetic coupling between the inductive coils. Further, the enclosure feature  1100  may be an RF-opaque feature that does not allow passing of radio frequencies in the form of electromagnetic waves. 
     The support surface  1202  may be disposed on, and adhesively secured with, a support feature (such as the support feature  108  shown in  FIG. 1 ). In order to receive the electrical current, the enclosure feature  1100  can include an opening  1112  that allows a cable assembly  1210  to extend through the opening  1112 . In some embodiments, the opening  1112  includes a chamfered region designed to provide a smooth surface that reduces the likelihood of causing damage to the cable assembly  1210 . The cable assembly  1210  may include a connector  1212 . The connector  1212  may include a universal serial bus (“USB”) connector designed to electrically couple with a power source (not shown). The power source may take the form of a battery disposed in an electronic device such as a laptop. Alternatively, the power source may take the form of a plug having a corresponding pin assembly to receive the connector  1212 . In this manner, the inductive charging station  1200  may receive an electrical current to charge an electronic device disposed on the support surface  1202 . It will be appreciated that the enclosure feature  1100  may undergo any material removal process previously described for an enclosure feature. In this manner, the enclosure feature  1100  may be formed from a metal, such as stainless steel and/or nickel. However, in other embodiments, the enclosure feature  1100  is formed from a polymeric material, such as plastic. 
       FIG. 25  illustrates a flowchart  1300  showing a cutting and machining method lathe tool having multiple spindles, each of which is configured to secure a substrate, is shown. The cutting and machining method may be applied to a substrate in order to form an enclosure feature, or several enclosure features. In step  1302 , a first cutting operation is performed on the substrate with the first cutting tool engaging the substrate that is secured with a first spindle in the multi-axis lathe tool to define an interior recess. The first cutting operation may include a contact cycle of repeatedly engaging and disengaging the substrate. 
     In step  1304 , the substrate is engaged at the cutting surface with the first cutting tool. While the substrate is rotated by the first spindle, the first cutting tool removes material from the substrate. 
     In step  1306 , the cutting surface is disengaged from the first cutting tool to allow dissipation of at least some heat generated from the engaging the cutting surface with the first cutting tool. This allows the substrate and the first cutting tool to cool during the first cutting operation in order to improve the first cutting operation an increase the lifespan of the first cutting tool. 
       FIG. 26  is a block diagram of a computing device  1400  that can represent the components of a computing device  1400  or any other suitable device or component for realizing any of the methods, systems, apparatus, and embodiments discussed herein. It will be appreciated that the components, devices or elements illustrated in and described with respect to  FIG. 26  may not be mandatory and thus some may be omitted in certain embodiments. The computing device  1400  can include a processor  1402  that represents a microprocessor, a coprocessor, circuitry and/or a controller for controlling the overall operation of computing device  1400 . Although illustrated as a single processor, it can be appreciated that the processor  1402  can include multiple processors. The multiple processors can be in operative communication with each other and can be collectively configured to perform one or more functionalities of the computing device  1400  as described herein. In some embodiments, the processor  1402  can be configured to execute instructions that can be stored at the computing device  1400  and/or that can be otherwise accessible to the processor  1402 . As such, whether configured by hardware or by a combination of hardware and software, the processor  1402  can be capable of performing operations and actions in accordance with embodiments described herein. 
     The computing device  1400  can also include a user input device  1404  that allows a user of the computing device  1400  to interact with the computing device  1400 . For example, the user input device  1404  can take a variety of forms, such as a button, keypad, dial, touch screen, audio input interface, visual/image capture input interface, input in the form of sensor data, etc. Still further, the computing device  1400  can include a display  1408  (screen display) that can be controlled by the processor  1402  to display information to a user. The controller  1410  can be used to interface with and control different equipment through an equipment control bus  1412 . The computing device  1400  can also include a network/bus interface  1414  that couples to a data link  1416 . The data link  1416  can allow the computing device  1400  to couple to a host computer or to accessory devices. The data link  1416  can be provided over a wired connection or a wireless connection. In the case of a wireless connection, the network/bus interface  1414  can include a wireless transceiver. 
     The computing device  1400  can also include a storage device  1418 , which can have a single disk or several disks (e.g., hard drives) and a storage management module that manages one or more partitions (also referred to herein as “logical volumes”) within the storage device  1418 . In some embodiments, the storage device  1418  can include flash memory, semiconductor (solid state) memory or the like. Still further, the computing device  1400  can include Read-Only Memory (ROM)  1420  and Random Access Memory (RAM)  1422 . The ROM  1420  can store programs, code, instructions, utilities or processes to be executed in a non-volatile manner. The RAM  1422  can provide volatile data storage, and store instructions related to components of the storage management module that are configured to carry out the various techniques described herein. The computing device  1400  can further include a data bus  1424 . The data bus  1424  can facilitate data and signal transfer between at least the processor  1402 , the controller  1410 , the network/bus interface  1414 , the storage device  1418 , ROM  1420 , and RAM  1422 . 
     The various aspects, embodiments, implementations or features of the described embodiments can be used separately or in any combination. Various aspects of the described embodiments can be implemented by software, hardware or a combination of hardware and software. The described embodiments can also be embodied as computer readable code on a computer readable medium for controlling manufacturing operations or as computer readable code on a computer readable medium for controlling a manufacturing line. The computer readable medium is any data storage device that can store data which can thereafter be read by a computer system. Examples of the computer readable medium include read-only memory, random-access memory, CD-ROMs, HDDs, DVDs, magnetic tape, and optical data storage devices. The computer readable medium can also be distributed over network-coupled computer systems so that the computer readable code is stored and executed in a distributed fashion. 
     The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, used specific nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the specific details are not required in order to practice the described embodiments. Thus, the foregoing descriptions of the specific embodiments described herein are presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not targeted to be exhaustive or to limit the embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20150916
Publication Date: 20190305
Grant Date: 20190305
Priority Date: 20150308
Inventors: KARANIKOS, DEMETRIOS B.
COWAN, WAYNE H.
THOMPSON, PAUL J.
HO, CHEUK NANG
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "B23Q39/048", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G05B2219/37428", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "B24B37/04", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "B24B9/00", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "B24B21/02", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "B23Q2039/008", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "B23B2220/04", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "B24B29/04", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "B23B3/30", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "B24B21/02", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "B23B2220/04", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "B23B3/30", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "B23B3/30", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "B24B9/00", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "B24B37/04", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "B23Q39/048", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G05B2219/37428", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "B24B29/04", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "B24B9/00", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "B23Q2039/008", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "B24B21/02", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "B24B37/04", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "B24B29/04", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 56850039