PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-11205832-B2
Application Number: US-201916596593-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Electronic device with near-field antenna operating through display

Abstract:
An electronic device may have a display. A display cover layer and a transparent inner display member may overlap a display pixel layer. The display pixel layer may have an array of display pixels for displaying images for a user. A touch sensor layer may be interposed between the display pixel layer and the transparent display member. A ferromagnetic shielding layer may be mounted below the display pixel layer. A flexible printed circuit containing coils of metal signal lines that form a near-field communications loop antenna may be interposed between the ferromagnetic shielding layer and the display pixel layer. A non-near-field antenna such as an inverted-F antenna may have a resonating element mounted on an inner surface of the display cover layer. The resonating element may be interposed between the transparent display member and the display cover layer.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A wrist-watch comprising:
 a conductive housing; 
 a conductive coil mounted in the conductive housing and configured to receive a near-field signal; 
 a display in the housing that overlaps the conductive coil, the conductive coil being configured to receive the near-field signal through the display, wherein the display comprises an active area that includes touch sensor electrodes and an array of pixels, an inactive area free from touch sensor electrodes and pixel circuitry, and a display cover layer that covers the active and inactive areas and that is mounted to the conductive housing; and 
 a slot antenna that includes a slot fed by first and second antenna feed terminals on opposing sides of the slot, wherein the opposing sides of the slot comprise a first side at the wall of the conductive housing and a second side at the active area of the display, and the slot overlaps the inactive area of the display, is located between the active area of the display and a wall of the conductive housing, and is configured to radiate through the display cover layer. 
 
     
     
       2. The wrist-watch defined in  claim 1  wherein the wall of the conductive housing is configured to receive a wrist strap. 
     
     
       3. The wrist-watch defined in  claim 1 , wherein the second antenna feed terminal is coupled to the wall of the conductive housing. 
     
     
       4. The wrist-watch defined in  claim 3 , wherein the slot antenna comprises a closed slot antenna. 
     
     
       5. The wrist-watch defined in  claim 1 , wherein the slot is interposed between the array of pixels in the active area and the wall of the conductive housing. 
     
     
       6. The wrist-watch defined in  claim 1 , wherein the display cover layer comprises sapphire. 
     
     
       7. The wrist-watch defined in  claim 1 , wherein the display cover layer comprises glass. 
     
     
       8. The wrist-watch defined in  claim 1 , wherein the conductive coil runs along a periphery of the wrist-watch. 
     
     
       9. The wrist-watch defined in  claim 1 , wherein the display cover layer has a curved outer surface and a curved inner surface. 
     
     
       10. The wrist-watch defined in  claim 9 , further comprising an opaque masking layer on the curved inner surface of the display cover layer within the inactive area of the display, wherein the opaque masking layer is interposed between the display cover layer and the slot. 
     
     
       11. The wrist-watch defined in  claim 1 , wherein the conductive housing is configured to receive a wrist strap. 
     
     
       12. The wrist-watch defined in  claim 11 , wherein the slot is configured to radiate in a cellular telephone communications band. 
     
     
       13. The wrist-watch defined in  claim 12 , wherein the conductive coil receives wireless signals through the active area. 
     
     
       14. The wrist-watch defined in  claim 1 , wherein the wall of the conductive housing extends along a periphery of the wrist-watch, the display cover layer is mounted to the wall of the conductive housing, and the display cover layer overlaps the active area, the inactive area, and the slot. 
     
     
       15. The wrist-watch defined in  claim 14 , wherein the slot antenna comprises a closed slot antenna. 
     
     
       16. A wrist-watch comprising:
 a conductive housing; 
 a conductive coil mounted in the conductive housing and configured to receive a near-field signal; 
 a display in the housing that overlaps the conductive coil, wherein the display comprises an active area that includes an array of pixels, an inactive area free from pixel circuitry, and a display cover layer that covers the active and inactive areas; and 
 an antenna having a slot interposed between a peripheral wall of the conductive housing and the active area of the display, wherein the slot has a first edge at the active area of the display and an opposing second edge at the peripheral wall, the slot is fed by an antenna feed having a first antenna feed terminal coupled to the first edge of the slot and a second antenna feed terminal coupled to the second edge of the slot, and the display cover layer overlaps the slot. 
 
     
     
       17. The wrist-watch defined in  claim 16 , wherein the conductive coil is configured to receive the near-field signal through the display. 
     
     
       18. A wrist-watch comprising:
 a housing having a conductive wall; 
 a conductive coil mounted in the housing and configured to convey a near-field signal; 
 a display in the housing that overlaps the conductive coil, wherein the display comprises an active area that includes pixel circuitry, an inactive area free from the pixel circuitry, and a display cover layer that covers the active and inactive areas and that is mounted to the housing; and 
 an antenna overlapping the inactive area and having a slot element disposed between the active area of the display and the conductive wall, wherein the slot element is coupled to an antenna feed terminal for the antenna at a side of the slot element beside the pixel circuitry. 
 
     
     
       19. The wrist-watch defined in  claim 18 , wherein the antenna is configured to convey a radio-frequency signal through the inactive area of the display. 
     
     
       20. The wrist-watch defined in  claim 18 , wherein the conductive coil is configured to convey the near-field signal through the display cover layer.

Description:
This application is division of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/625,903, filed Jun. 16, 2017, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/090,781, filed Apr. 5, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,685,690, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/259,861, filed Apr. 23, 2014, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,356,661, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     This relates to electronic devices, and more particularly, to antennas for electronic devices with wireless communications circuitry. 
     Electronic devices such as portable computers and cellular telephones are often provided with wireless communications capabilities. For example, electronic devices may use long-range wireless communications circuitry such as cellular telephone circuitry to communicate using cellular telephone bands. Electronic devices may use short-range wireless communications circuitry such as wireless local area network communications circuitry to handle communications with nearby equipment. Electronic devices may also be provided with satellite navigation system receivers and other wireless circuitry such as near-field communications circuitry. Near-field communications schemes involve electromagnetically coupled communications over short distances, typically 20 cm or less. 
     To satisfy consumer demand for small form factor wireless devices, manufacturers are continually striving to implement wireless communications circuitry such as antenna components using compact structures. At the same time, there is a desire for wireless devices to cover a multiple communications bands. For example, it may be desirable for a wireless device to cover a near-field communications band while simultaneously covering a non-near-field (far field) band. 
     Because antennas have the potential to interfere with each other and with components in a wireless device, care must be taken when incorporating antennas into an electronic device. Moreover, care must be taken to ensure that the antennas and wireless circuitry in a device are able to exhibit satisfactory performance over a range of operating frequencies. 
     It would therefore be desirable to be able to provide improved wireless communications circuitry for wireless electronic devices. 
     SUMMARY 
     An electronic device may have a housing in which a display is mounted. The electronic device may be a portable electronic device having a wrist strap for attaching the electronic device to the wrist of a user. The electronic device may have wireless circuitry such as near-field communications circuitry and non-near-field communications circuitry. 
     A display cover layer and a transparent inner display member may overlap a display pixel layer that has an array of display pixels for displaying images to a user. The display cover layer may have an outer surface and an opposing inner surface. The transparent display member may have a curved or planar outer surface that mates with the inner surface of the display cover layer. 
     A touch sensor layer may be interposed between the display pixel layer and the transparent display member. A ferromagnetic shielding layer may be mounted below the display pixel layer. A flexible printed circuit containing coils of metal signal lines that form a near-field communications loop antenna may be interposed between the ferromagnetic shielding layer and the display pixel layer. 
     A non-near-field antenna such as an inverted-F antenna may have a resonating element mounted on an inner surface of the display cover layer. The resonating element may be interposed between the transparent display member and the display cover layer. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of an illustrative electronic device such as a laptop computer with wireless circuitry in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective view of an illustrative electronic device such as a handheld electronic device with wireless circuitry in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 3  is a perspective view of an illustrative electronic device such as a tablet computer with wireless circuitry in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 4  is a perspective view of an illustrative electronic device such as a display for a computer or television with wireless circuitry in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 5A  is a perspective view of an illustrative electronic device such as a wrist-watch device with wireless circuitry in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 5B  is a perspective view of an illustrative electronic device such as a pendant or pin device with wireless circuitry in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 6  is a schematic diagram of an illustrative electronic device with wireless communications circuitry in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 7  is a diagram of a system in which antenna structures in an electronic device are being used to wirelessly communicate with external electrical equipment using near-field communications and non-near-field communications in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 8  is a diagram showing how an electronic device may have a near-field antenna and a non-near-field antenna in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 9  is a diagram of an illustrative non-near-field antenna such as an inverted-F antenna in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 10  is a diagram of an illustrative near-field antenna such as a near-field communications loop antenna in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 11  is a diagram of an illustrative wrist-watch device with an antenna formed adjacent to a display in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 12  is a perspective view of an illustrative wrist-watch device with a slot antenna in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 13  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative electronic device with a near-field communications loop antenna wirelessly communicating with an external near-field communications loop antenna using electromagnetic near-field communication signals passing through a display that overlaps the near-field communications loop antenna in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 14  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative electronic device such as a wrist-watch device having a near-field communications antenna operating through a display mounted on the curved underside of a display cover layer and having a non-near-field communications antenna mounted under the display cover layer adjacent to the display in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 15  is a cross-sectional side view of a portion of an electronic device such as a wrist-watch device having an antenna mounted under a display cover layer using a plastic carrier in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 16  is a cross-sectional side view of a portion of an electronic device such as a wrist-watch device having a near-field communications antenna operating through a display mounted on the underside of a clear inner display layer with a convex surface that is located under a curved display cover layer and having a non-near-field communications antenna mounted under the display cover layer adjacent to the display in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 17  is a cross-sectional side view of a portion of an electronic device such as a wrist-watch device having a near-field communications antenna operating through a display mounted on the underside of a planar clear display layer that is located under a display cover layer with a convex surface and having a non-near-field communications antenna mounted between the planar display layer and the display cover layer in accordance with an embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Electronic devices may be provided with wireless circuitry. The wireless circuitry may include near-field communications circuitry. For example, a near-field communications transmitter-receiver (“transceiver”) may use a near-field communications antenna to transmit and receive near-field electromagnetic signals at a frequency such as 13.56 MHz. Near-field communications schemes involve near-field electromagnetic coupling between near-field antennas that are separated by a relatively small distance (e.g., 20 cm or less). The near-field communications antennas may be loop antennas. The wireless circuitry may also include cellular network transceiver circuitry, wireless local area network transceiver circuitry, satellite navigation system circuitry, or other non-near-field communications circuitry. The non-near-field communications circuitry can use an antenna to handle radio-frequency signals at frequencies of 700 MHz to 2700 MHz (e.g., 2.4 GHz), 5 GHz, or other suitable frequencies. 
     The wireless communications circuitry in an electronic device may be used to support wireless communications in multiple wireless communications bands. The wireless communications circuitry may include antenna structures that include loop antennas, inverted-F antennas, strip antennas, planar inverted-F antennas, slot antennas, hybrid antennas that include antenna structures of more than one type, or other suitable antennas. 
     Antenna structures may, if desired, be formed from conductive electronic device structures such as conductive electronic device housing structures, stamped metal foil, wires, metal portions of electronic components, and conductive traces such as metal traces on dielectric substrates. The dielectric substrates on which the conductive traces are formed may be printed circuit substrates (e.g., rigid printed circuit boards formed from fiberglass-filled epoxy or other rigid printed circuit board material and/or flexible printed circuits formed from flexible sheets of polyimide or other flexible polymer layers), plastic carriers, glass substrates, ceramic substrates, or other dielectric support structures. If desired, flexible printed circuits containing antenna structures and other antennas may be mounted to structures in an electronic device using adhesive. 
     Illustrative electronic devices that may be provided with wireless communications circuitry are shown in  FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 . 
     Electronic device  10  of  FIG. 1  has the shape of a laptop computer and has upper housing  12 A and lower housing  12 B with components such as keyboard  16  and touchpad  18 . Device  10  has hinge structures  20  (sometimes referred to as a clutch barrel) to allow upper housing  12 A to rotate in directions  22  about rotational axis  24  relative to lower housing  12 B. Display  14  is mounted in housing  12 A. Upper housing  12 A, which may sometimes be referred to as a display housing or lid, is placed in a closed position by rotating upper housing  12 A towards lower housing  12 B about rotational axis  24 . 
       FIG. 2  shows an illustrative configuration for electronic device  10  based on a handheld device such as a cellular telephone, music player, gaming device, navigation unit, or other compact device. In this type of configuration for device  10 , device  10  has opposing front and rear surfaces. Display  14  is mounted on a front face of device  10 . Display  14  may have an exterior layer that includes openings for components such as button  26  and speaker port  21 . 
     In the example of  FIG. 3 , electronic device  10  is a tablet computer. In electronic device  10  of  FIG. 3 , device  10  has opposing planar front and rear surfaces. Display  14  is mounted on the front surface of device  10 . As shown in  FIG. 3 , display  14  may have an opening to accommodate button  26 . 
       FIG. 4  shows an illustrative configuration for electronic device  10  in which device  10  is a computer display, a computer that has an integrated computer display, or a television. Display  14  is mounted on a front face of device  10 . With this type of arrangement, housing  12  for device  10  may be mounted on a wall or may have an optional structure such as support stand  23  to support device  10  on a flat surface such as a table top or desk. 
       FIG. 5A  shows an illustrative configuration for electronic device  10  in which device  10  is a wrist-watch device. Display  14  may be mounted on the front face of device  10 . Buttons  27  or other user input-output components may be mounted on the edges of device housing  12 . Device  10  may have a strap attached to housing  12  such as wrist strap  25  so that device  10  may be attached to the wrist of a user. If desired, devices such as device  10  may be worn as pendant type devices (e.g., wrist strap  25  may serve as a neck cord as shown in  FIG. 5B ).  FIG. 5B  also shows how a pin such as spring clip structure  29  may be provided on device housing  12  to allow device  10  to be pinned to the clothing of a user. If desired, strap  25  may be detached. 
     Electronic device  10  may, in general, be a portable electronic device or other suitable electronic device. For example, electronic device  10  may be a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a somewhat smaller device such as a wrist-watch device, pendant device, headphone device, earpiece device, or other wearable or miniature device, a cellular telephone, or a media player. Device  10  may also be a television, a set-top box, a desktop computer, a computer monitor into which a computer has been integrated, a television, a computer monitor, or other suitable electronic equipment. The configurations for device  10  that are shown in  FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5  are merely illustrative. 
     Display  14  in devices such as devices  10  of  FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5  may be a liquid crystal display, an organic light-emitting diode display, a plasma display, an electrophoretic display, an electrowetting display, a display using other types of display technology, or a display that includes display structures formed using more than one of these display technologies. If desired, a touch sensor may be incorporated into display  14 . For example, a layer in display  14  that contains display pixel structures or a separate substrate may be provided with an array of transparent conductive electrodes such as indium tin oxide electrodes. The array of transparent electrodes may be used to gather capacitive touch sensor measurements (i.e., the array of electrodes may be used to form a capacitive touch sensor for display  14 ). 
     Electronic devices such as electronic devices  10  of  FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5  may have antenna structures for handling near-field communications (e.g., communications in a near-field communications band such as a 13.56 MHz band or other near-field communications band) and non-near-field communications (sometimes referred to as far field communications) such as cellular telephone communications, wireless local area network communications, and satellite navigation system communications. Near-field communications typically involve communication distances of less than about 20 cm and involve magnetic (electromagnetic) near-field coupling between near-field antennas such as loop antennas. Far field communications typically involved communication distances of multiple meters or miles. 
     Electronic devices such as devices  10  of  FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5  may include a housing such as housing  12 . Housing  12 , which may sometimes be referred to as a case, may be formed of plastic, glass, ceramics, fiber composites, metal (e.g., stainless steel, aluminum, etc.), other suitable materials, or a combination of these materials. In some situations, parts of housing  12  may be formed from dielectric or other low-conductivity material. In other situations, housing  12  or at least some of the structures that make up housing  12  may be formed from metal elements. 
     A schematic diagram of an illustrative configuration that may be used for an electric device such as device  10  of  FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5  is shown in  FIG. 6 . As shown in  FIG. 6 , electronic device  10  may include control circuitry such as storage and processing circuitry  28 . Storage and processing circuitry  28  may include storage such as hard disk drive storage, nonvolatile memory (e.g., flash memory or other electrically-programmable-read-only memory configured to form a solid state drive), volatile memory (e.g., static or dynamic random-access-memory), etc. Processing circuitry in storage and processing circuitry  28  may be used to control the operation of device  10 . The processing circuitry may be based on one or more microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, baseband processors, power management units, audio codec chips, application specific integrated circuits, etc. 
     Storage and processing circuitry  28  may be used to run software on device  10 , such as interact browsing applications, voice-over-internet-protocol (VOW) telephone call applications, email applications, media playback applications, operating system functions, etc. To support interactions with external equipment, storage and processing circuitry  28  may be used in implementing communications protocols. Communications protocols that may be implemented using storage and processing circuitry  28  include internet protocols, wireless local area network protocols (e.g., IEEE 802.11 protocols—sometimes referred to as WiFi®), protocols for other short-range wireless communications links such as the Bluetooth® protocol, cellular telephone protocols, near-field communications protocols, etc. 
     Circuitry  28  may be configured to implement control algorithms that control the use of antennas in device  10 . For example, circuitry  28  may perform signal quality monitoring operations, sensor monitoring operations, and other data gathering operations and may, in response to the gathered data and information on which communications bands are to be used in device  10 , control which antenna structures within device  10  are being used to receive and process data and/or may adjust one or more switches, tunable elements, or other adjustable circuits in device  10  to adjust antenna performance. As an example, circuitry  28  may control which of two or more antennas is being used to receive or transmit near-field or non-near-field wireless signals, which antenna is being used to handle incoming radio-frequency signals, may control which of two or more antennas is being used to transmit radio-frequency signals, may control the process of routing incoming data streams over two or more antennas in device  10  in parallel, may tune an antenna to cover a desired communications band, may perform time-division multiplexing operations to share antenna structures between near-field and non-near-field communications circuitry, to share a non-near-field communications transceiver between multiple non-near-field antennas, to share a near-field communications transceiver between multiple near-field antennas, etc. 
     In performing these control operations, circuitry  28  may open and close switches (e.g., switches associated with one or more multiplexers or other switching circuitry), may turn on and off receivers and transmitters, may adjust impedance matching circuits, may configure switches in front-end-module (FEM) radio-frequency circuits that are interposed between radio-frequency transceiver circuitry and antenna structures (e.g., filtering and switching circuits used for impedance matching and signal routing), may adjust switches, tunable circuits, and other adjustable circuit elements that are formed as part of an antenna or that are coupled to an antenna or a signal path associated with an antenna, and may otherwise control and adjust the components of device  10 . 
     Input-output circuitry  30  may be used to allow data to be supplied to device  10  and to allow data to be provided from device  10  to external devices. Input-output circuitry  30  may include input-output devices  32 . Input-output devices  32  may include touch screens, buttons, joysticks, click wheels, scrolling wheels, touch pads, key pads, keyboards, microphones, speakers, tone generators, vibrators, cameras, sensors, light-emitting diodes and other status indicators, data ports, etc. A user can control the operation of device  10  by supplying commands through input-output devices  32  and may receive status information and other output from device  10  using the output resources of input-output devices  32 . The sensors in input-output devices  32  may gather information about the operating environment of device  10  and/or may gather user input. The sensors in devices  32  may include sensors such as a touch sensor, an accelerometer, a compass, a proximity sensor, an ambient light sensor, and other sensors. Sensor data may be used in controlling antenna operation (e.g., in switching between antennas, tuning antennas, etc.). 
     Wireless communications circuitry  34  may include radio-frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry formed from one or more integrated circuits, power amplifier circuitry, low-noise input amplifiers, passive RF components, one or more antennas, and other circuitry for handling RF wireless signals. Wireless signals can also be sent using light (e.g., using infrared communications). 
     Wireless communications circuitry  34  may include satellite navigation system receiver circuitry  35  such as Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver circuitry (e.g., circuitry for receiving satellite positioning signals at 1575 MHz) or may include satellite navigation system receiver circuitry associated with other satellite navigation systems. 
     Wireless local area network transceiver circuitry  36  in wireless communications circuitry  34  may handle 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands for WiFi® (IEEE 802.11) communications and may handle the 2.4 GHz Bluetooth® communications band. 
     Circuitry  34  may use cellular telephone transceiver circuitry  38  for handling wireless communications in cellular telephone bands such as bands in frequency ranges of about 700 MHz to about 2700 MHz or bands at higher or lower frequencies. 
     Wireless communications circuitry  34  may include near-field communications circuitry  42 . Near-field communications circuitry  42  may handle near-field communications at frequencies such as the near-field communications frequency of 13.56 MHz or other near-field communications frequencies of interest. 
     Circuitry  44  such as satellite navigation system receiver circuitry  35 , wireless local area network transceiver circuitry  36 , and cellular telephone transceiver circuitry  38  that does not involve near-field communications may sometimes be referred to as non-near-field communications circuitry or far field communications circuitry. 
     If desired, communications circuitry  34  may include circuitry for other short-range and long-range wireless links. For example, wireless communications circuitry  34  may include wireless circuitry for receiving radio and television signals, paging circuits, etc. In near-field communications, wireless signals are typically conveyed over distances of less than 20 cm. In WiFi® and Bluetooth® links and other short-range wireless links, wireless signals are typically used to convey data over 20 cm (e.g., 20 cm to hundreds of meters). In cellular telephone links and other long-range links, wireless signals are typically used to convey data over hundreds of meters or thousands of meters. 
     Wireless communications circuitry  34  may include antennas  40 . Antennas  40  may include near-field and non-near-field antennas. Antennas  40  may be formed using any suitable types of antenna. For example, antennas  40  may include antennas with resonating elements that are formed from loop antenna structures, patch antenna structures, inverted-F antenna structures, closed and open slot antenna structures, planar inverted-F antenna structures, helical antenna structures, strip antennas, monopoles, dipoles, hybrids of these designs, etc. Different types of antennas may be used for different bands and combinations of bands. For example, one type of antenna may be used in forming a local wireless link antenna and another type of antenna may be used in forming a remote wireless link or one type of antenna may be used in forming a non-near-field antenna while another type of antenna may be used in forming a near-field antenna. 
       FIG. 7  is a schematic diagram showing how antennas  40  in device  10  may be used by near-field communications circuitry  42  and non-near-field communications circuitry  44 . As shown in  FIG. 7 , electronic device  10  includes control circuitry  28  and input-output devices  32 . Control circuitry  28  may use input-output devices  32  to provide output to a user and to receive input. Control circuitry  28  may use wireless transceiver circuitry  50  and antennas  40  to communicate with external equipment over one or more wireless communications bands including bands for non-near-field communications and near-field communications. Antennas  40  may include one or more near-field-communications antennas and/or one or more non-near-field communications antennas. 
     Near-field communications circuitry  42  and non-near-field communications circuitry  44  may be coupled to antennas  40 . Near-field communications circuitry  42  (e.g., a near-field communications transceiver) may use a near-field communications antenna to communicate with external near-field communications equipment  58  over near-field communications link  64 . Non-near-field communications circuitry such as radio-frequency transceiver circuitry  44  may use a non-near-field antenna to communicate with a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network such as an external network of computing equipment, a cellular telephone, a music player, a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a computer integrated into a display, a wireless television, or other far field (non-near-field) wireless network equipment  54  over non-near-field communications wireless link  56  (e.g., a Bluetooth® link, a WiFi® link, a cellular telephone link, etc.). 
     External equipment such as external equipment  58  may communicate with near-field communications circuitry  42  via magnetic induction. Equipment  58  may include a loop antenna such as loop antenna  62  that is controlled by control circuitry  60 . Loop antenna  62  and one or more loop antennas in antennas  40  may be electromagnetically coupled to support near-field wireless communications when loop antenna  62  and the loop antenna(s) in structures  40  are within an appropriately close distance of each other such as 20 cm or less, as indicated by near-field communications signals  64  of  FIG. 7 . 
     Device  10  may use near-field communications circuitry  42  and the near-field communications loop antenna(s) of antennas  40  to communicate with external near-field communications equipment  58  using passive or active communications. In passive communications, device  10  may use near-field communications circuitry  42  and a near-field communications antenna to modulate electromagnetic signals  64  from equipment  58 . In active communications, near-field communications circuitry  42  and a near-field communications antenna may transmit radio-frequency electromagnetic signals  64  to external equipment  58 . 
     To provide antennas  40  with the ability to cover communications frequencies of interest, antennas  40  may be provided with circuitry such as filter circuitry (e.g., one or more passive filters and/or one or more tunable filter circuits). Discrete components such as capacitors, inductors, and resistors may be incorporated into the filter circuitry, Capacitive structures, inductive structures, and resistive structures may also be formed from patterned metal structures (e.g., part of an antenna). 
     If desired, antennas  40  may be provided with adjustable circuits such as tunable circuitry  52 . Tunable circuitry  52  may be controlled by control signals from control circuitry  28 . For example, control circuitry  28  may supply control signals to tunable circuitry  52  via control path  66  during operation of device  10  whenever it is desired to tune antennas  40  to cover a desired communications band (e.g., a desired non-near-field communications band). Paths  68  may be used to convey data between control circuitry  28  and transceiver circuitry  50 . 
     Passive filter circuitry in antennas  40  may help antennas  40  exhibit antenna resonances in communications bands of interest (e.g., passive filter circuitry in antennas  40  may short together different portions of antennas  40  and/or may form open circuits or pathways of other impedances between different portions of antennas  40  to ensure that desired antenna resonances are produced). 
     Transceiver circuitry  50  may be coupled to antennas  40  by signal paths such as signal paths  70  and  72 . Signal paths  70  and  72  may include transmission lines, portions of conductive housing structures, ground plane structures, traces on printed circuits, or other conductive paths. 
     Impedance matching circuitry formed from components such as inductors, resistors, and capacitors may be used in matching the impedance of antennas  40  to the impedance of transmission line structures coupled to antennas  40 . Filter circuitry may also be provided in the transmission line structures and/or antennas  40 . Matching network components may be provided as discrete components (e.g., surface mount technology components) or may be formed from housing structures, printed circuit board structures, traces on plastic supports, etc. Components such as these may also be used in forming passive filter circuitry in antennas  40  and tunable circuitry  52  in antennas  40 . 
     A transmission line may be coupled between transceiver  44  and antenna feed structures associated with antennas  40 . As an example, antennas  40  may form one or more non-near-field communications antennas such as one or more inverted-F antennas each having an antenna feed with a positive antenna feed terminal and a ground antenna feed terminal. For each non-near-field antenna, a positive transmission line conductor may be coupled to the positive antenna feed terminal and a ground transmission line conductor may be coupled to the ground antenna feed terminal. Each near-field communications antenna may have a pair of antenna feed terminals (e.g., a pair of feed terminals for receiving differential near-field communications signals from near-field communications circuitry  42 ). If desired, other types of antenna feed arrangements may be used to couple non-near-field communications transceiver  44  to non-near-field antennas and to couple near-field communications transceiver  42  to near-field antennas. 
     Tunable circuitry  52  may be formed from one or more tunable circuits such as circuits based on capacitors, resistors, inductors, and switches. Tunable circuitry  52  and filter circuitry in antennas  40  may be implemented using discrete components mounted to a printed circuit such as a rigid printed circuit board (e.g., a printed circuit board formed from glass-filled epoxy) or a flexible printed circuit formed from a sheet of polyimide or a layer of other flexible polymer or may be implemented using circuitry on a plastic carrier, a glass carrier, a ceramic carrier, or other dielectric substrate. During operation of device  10 , control circuitry  28  may issue commands on path  66  to adjust switches, variable components, and other adjustable circuitry in tunable circuitry  52 , thereby tuning antennas  40 . If desired, tunable circuitry  52  may include one or more inductors. A switch circuit may be used to selectively switch a desired number of the inductors into use. By varying the inductance of tunable circuitry  52  in this way, antennas  40  can be tuned to cover desired communications bands. Tunable circuitry  52  may also include one or more capacitors that are selectively switched into use with a switching circuit to tune antennas  40 . Capacitance adjustments and inductance adjustments may be made using a tunable circuit with adjustable capacitors and inductors and/or separately adjustable capacitor circuits and inductor circuits may be used in tuning antennas  40 . If desired, antenna(s)  40  may include one or more non-tunable (fixed) antennas. 
       FIG. 8  is a schematic diagram of illustrative wireless circuitry  34  in device  10  in a configuration in which antennas  40  include near-field communications antenna  40 N and non-near-field (far field) communications antenna  40 F. 
     Non-near-field communications circuitry  44  may wirelessly communicate with external equipment such as equipment  54  of  FIG. 7  using non-near-field communications antenna  40 F. Positive antenna feed terminal  84  and ground antenna feed terminal  86  form a non-near-field communications antenna feed that is coupled to non-near-field communications circuitry  44  (e.g., a non-near-field communications transceiver such as a cellular telephone transceiver, wireless local area network transceiver, etc.) by a pair of transmission line conductors in path  70 . 
     Near-field communications circuitry  42  may wirelessly communicate with external near-field communications equipment  58  using near-field communications antenna  40 N. Near-field communications circuitry  42  (e.g., a near-field communications transceiver operating at 13.56 MHz or other suitable near-field communications frequency) may be coupled to antenna structures  40  using a pair of conductive lines in path  70 , which are coupled to respective near-field antenna feed terminals  94  and  96 . Near-field communications circuitry  42  may have a pair of differential signal terminals (sometimes referred to as +V and −V terminals) for handling differential near-field communications signals. The two differential signal terminals of near-field communications circuitry  42  may be coupled respectively to the two signal lines in path  70 . Near-field communications circuitry  42  may include an amplifier such as amplifier  74 . Amplifier  74  may strengthen near-field communications signals so that near-field communications antenna  40 N may operate satisfactorily, even in the presence of intervening structures between antenna  40 N and loop antenna  62  such as intervening display structures. 
     Antenna  40 F may be formed using a planar inverted-F antenna, a loop antenna, a monopole, a dipole, a patch antenna, a slot antenna, or any other suitable type of antenna. In the illustrative configuration of  FIG. 9 , antenna  40 F has been formed using an inverted-F antenna design. 
     As shown in  FIG. 9 , antenna  40 F may include inverted-F antenna resonating element  76  and a conductive structure such as antenna ground  88 . Antenna resonating element  76  and antenna ground  88  may be formed from metal traces on a flexible printed circuit, metal traces on a rigid printed circuit board, metal traces on other dielectric carriers, portions of an electronic device housing such as a metal midplate structure or internal frame structures, metal housing walls or other portions of housing  12 , conductive structures such as metal portions of electrical components in device  10 , or other conductive structures. As an example, inverted-F antenna resonating element  76  may be formed from metal traces on dielectric substrate  92 . Substrate  92  may be a flexible printed circuit having a flexible dielectric substrate, a rigid printed circuit board, a glass or plastic structure, or other dielectric substrate. 
     Antenna resonating element  76  may include main antenna resonating element arm  78  (e.g., an arm formed from metal traces on a printed circuit or other dielectric substrate). Main antenna resonating element arm  78  may have one or more branches. For example, arm  78  may have a low band arm LB for producing a low communications band resonance and a high band arm HB for producing a high communications band resonance. Arm  78  may be separated from ground plane  88  by a dielectric-filled opening such as gap  90 . Gap  90  may contain plastic, glass, ceramic, air, or other dielectric materials. Non-near-field communications antenna return path  80  in non-near-field communications antenna  40 F may bridge gap  90 . Non-near-field communications antenna feed path  82  may bridge gap  90  in parallel with return path  80 . Antenna feed terminals such as positive antenna feed terminal  84  and ground antenna feed terminal  86  may form a non-near-field communications antenna feed within antenna feed path  82 . The conductive structures of antenna return path  80  and antenna feed path  82  may be formed from metal traces on printed circuits, metal traces on plastic carriers, conductive housing structures, or other conductive structures in device  10 . 
     Impedance matching circuitry, filter circuitry, and tuning circuitry  52  of  FIG. 7  may be interposed in paths that bridge gap  90  such as path  80 , feed path  82 , or one or more parallel tuning paths or may be formed in other portions of antenna resonating element  76  and/or may be incorporated into ground structures such as antenna ground  88 . 
     An illustrative near-field communications loop antenna configuration that may be used for near-field communications antenna  40 N is shown in  FIG. 10 . As shown in  FIG. 10 , near-field communications antenna  40 N has near-field communications antenna terminals  94  and  96  and is formed from one or more coils (turns) of metal signal lines such as lines  98 . In the illustrative arrangement of  FIG. 10 , the coils of loop antenna  40 N are rectangular. If desired, the coils of loop antenna  40 N may be circular, may be oval, may be triangular, may have a combination of straight and curved sections, or may have other suitable shapes 
     If desired, display  14  or other electrical components may overlap some or all of antenna  40 N. As shown in  FIG. 10 , for example, an electrical component such as a display may have a footprint such as footprint  100  that overlaps the coils of antenna  40 N or may have a footprint such as footprint  102  that substantially overlaps antenna  40 N but is surrounded by coils  98 . In these configurations, coils  98  run along the periphery of the overlapping component (i.e., coils  98  follow the rectangular edge of rectangular component footprint  100  or  102  and are therefore located just inside or outside of the edge of the component). The component that overlaps antenna  40 N may be a rectangular organic light-emitting diode display having a rectangular periphery or may be any other rectangular electrical component. The component that overlaps antenna  40 N may also have a non-rectangular periphery. Other fully and partially overlapping arrangements may be used if desired. The illustrative arrangements of  FIG. 10  are merely illustrative. 
       FIG. 11  shows how housing  12  of electronic device  10  may have a first portion such as portion  12 M that includes display  14  and a second portion such as portion  12 P that includes non-near-field antenna  40 F. Portion  12 M may be formed from metal or other suitable housing materials. Portion  12 P may include an antenna cover structure formed from plastic or other dielectric materials so that antenna signals associated with antenna  40 F may be conveyed through portion  12 P. By using dielectric materials to enclose antenna  40 F and by laterally offsetting antenna  40 F in lateral dimension X to the side of display  14 , antenna  40 F can operate satisfactorily (e.g., antenna  40 F can operate without interference from conductive structures in display  14  and/or housing  12 M). If desired, housing  12 M may serve as an antenna ground for antenna  40 F. 
       FIG. 12  shows how antenna  40 F may be a slot antenna. In the example of  FIG. 12 , display  14  has an active area AA. Peripheral border areas in display  14  may be inactive (i.e., free of light-emitting display pixels and, if desired, free of touch sensor structures). As shown in  FIG. 12 , antenna  40 F may be formed from a slot in inactive area IA such as slot  104 . Slot  104  may be fed by an antenna feed formed from antenna feed terminals  84  and  86  on opposing sides of slot  104 . Slot  104  may extend entirely through device  10  and housing  12  in dimension Z. 
     If desired, near-field communications antenna  40 N may operate through an electronic component such as display  14 . This type of arrangement may be used in device  10  of  FIG. 11 , device  10  of  FIG. 12 , and/or other configurations for device  10 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 13 , display  14  may overlap near-field communications antenna  40 N. Display  14  may include an array of light-emitting display pixels  110  such as light-emitting diode display pixels or other types of display pixel structure. Display  14  may also include conductive structures  102  (e.g., thin-film transistors, touch sensor electrodes, metal signal line traces, etc.). In configurations in which the conductive structures of display  14  are relatively sparse and/or display  14  is not otherwise sufficiently conductive to completely shield near-field communications antenna  40 N, at least some electromagnetic near-field communications signals  64  can pass through display  14  while being conveyed between coils  98  in near-field communications loop antenna  40 N of electronic device  10  and electromagnetically coupled coils  106  in near-field communications loop antenna  62  of external equipment  58 . Configurations of the type shown in  FIG. 13  in which electromagnetic near-field communications signals pass through display  14  during near-field communications may allow a near-field communications antenna to be mounted in a device housing where space is limited. 
       FIG. 14  is a cross-sectional side view of electronic device  10  of  FIG. 5A  or  FIG. 5B  in an illustrative configuration in which device  10  has a curved cover layer such as cover layer  120  with a curved (convex) outer surface  136  and an opposing curved (concave) inner surface  138 . Display cover layer  120  may be formed from glass, plastic, fused silica, sapphire, or other transparent material. 
     Display pixel layer  124  may contain an array of display pixels for displaying images to a user such as viewer  140  who is observing display  14  in direction  142 . The display pixels of layer  124  may be based on organic-light emitting diodes or other display pixel structures. Touch sensor  122  (e.g., a touch sensor based on a two-dimensional pattern of transparent capacitive touch sensor electrodes) may be interposed between display layer  124  and inner surface  138  of display cover layer  120 . Substrate  126  may be a flexible printed circuit substrate or other dielectric substrate. Near-field communications loop antenna  40 N may be formed from coils of metal signal lines  98  in substrate  126 . Components  132  such as integrated circuits and other electrical components may be mounted on one or more printed circuits such as printed circuit  130  in the interior of housing  12 . To prevent electromagnetic near-field communications signals from antenna  40 N from creating eddy currents in metal portions of components  132  that could interfere with the operation of antenna  40 N, ferromagnetic shielding layer  128  may be mounted under near-field communications antenna  40 N (i.e., layer  128  may be formed under substrate  126  and coils  98  of near-field communications loop antenna  40 N). Layers such as layers  122 ,  124 ,  126 , and  128  may be attached to display cover layer  120  and/or each other using adhesive. The structures of layers  122 ,  124 ,  126 , and  128  may be formed on separate substrates or may be deposited and patterned on shared support structures. 
     Opaque masking material such as black ink  134  may be formed on peripheral portions of inner surface  138  of display cover layer  120  to shield internal components in device  10  such as antenna structures from view from viewer  140 . Opaque masking material  134  may be white, black, gray, red, blue, green, silver, gold, or other suitable colors. 
     During operation, near-field communications antenna  40 N transmits and/or receives near-field communications electromagnetic signals in dimension Z through display layers in display  14  such as touch sensor  122  and display layer  124 . 
     Non-near-field communications antenna  40 F may be formed from a flexible printed circuit or other dielectric substrate with patterned metal traces that form resonating element  76 . The antenna feed for non-near-field communications antenna  40 F may include a positive antenna feed terminal such as positive antenna feed terminal  84  on resonating element  76 . The antenna feed may also include a ground antenna feed terminal on housing  12  (see, e.g., terminal  86 - 1 ), a ground antenna feed on a printed circuit in device  10  such as printed circuit  130  (see, e.g., terminal  86 - 2 ), or other suitable antenna ground terminal. 
     As shown in the cross-sectional side view of an illustrative portion of device  10  in  FIG. 15 , a plastic carrier or other support structure such as support structure  144  may be used to support antenna resonating element  76 . Support structure  144  may be formed from a compressible material such as foam or may include a foam structure or other biasing structure to help press antenna resonating element  76  against inner surface  138  of display cover layer  120  (i.e., against opaque masking material  134 ). Antenna traces for antenna resonating element  76  may be formed directly on masking material  134 , may be formed on a printed circuit such as a flexible printed circuit that is pressed upwards in dimension Z against masking material  134 , may be formed as patterned metal traces on carrier  144 , or may otherwise be incorporated into device  10 . 
       FIG. 16  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative configuration for device  10  showing how device  10  and display  14  may include internal transparent structures such as transparent display member  146  between display cover layer  120  and display pixel layer  124 . Member  146  may be formed from a clear layer of dielectric and may have planar or curved surfaces. 
     As shown in  FIG. 16 , display cover layer  120  may have a curved (convex) outer surface such as outer surface  136  and an opposing curved (concave) inner surface such as inner surface  138 . Transparent member  146  may have a curved (convex) outer surface such as surface  148  that matches the shape of inner surface  138 . Transparent display member  146  may also have an opposing planer inner surface such as planar surface  150 . A layer of adhesive interposed between surfaces  138  and  148  may, if desired, be used to attach member  146  to display cover layer  120 . Display cover layer  120  and member  146  may be formed from clear glass, plastic, fused silica, sapphire, or other transparent material. Light reflections in display  14  may be minimized by forming layer  120  and member  146  from the same material or from different materials that share the same index of refraction. 
     Touch sensor  122  may, if desired, be interposed between display pixel layer  124  and planar surface  150  of member  146 . Near field communications antenna  40 N may be formed from looped conductive lines  98  on flexible printed circuit substrate  126 . Flexible printed circuit  126  may be mounted under display pixel layer  124 . Ferromagnetic shielding layer  128  may be mounted under display pixel layer  124  and under substrate  126  of antenna  40 N. Because lower surface  150  is planar in the configuration of  FIG. 16 , touch sensor layer  122 , display pixel layer  124 , near-field antenna flexible printed circuit  126 , and ferromagnetic layer  128  are planar in the configuration of  FIG. 16 . 
     The centermost portions of touch sensor layer  122  and display pixel layer  124  form an active area in display  14 . Inactive border region  122 ′ of touch sensor layer  122  may contain touch sensor drive circuits but are devoid of touch sensor capacitor electrodes. Inactive border region  124 ′ of display pixel layer  124  may contain display driver circuitry but is devoid of light-emitting display pixels. Opaque masking material such as black ink  134  may be formed in peripheral portions of curved inner surface  138  of display cover layer  120  to hide border region  122 ′ of touch sensor  122  from view and to hide border region  124 ′ of display pixel layer  124  from view. 
     Antenna resonating element  76  for non-near-field antenna  40 F may be mounted on inner surface  138  of display cover layer  120 . Non-near-field antenna  40 F may be fed using positive antenna feed terminal  84  on antenna resonating element  76  and ground antenna feed terminal  86 . Ground antenna feed terminal  86  may be shorted to housing  12 , metal traces on printed circuit  130 , and/or metal traces on other layers in display  14  (e.g., touch sensor traces in touch sensor portion  122 ′, display pixel layer portions such as portion  124 ′, etc.). A dielectric-filled gap of dimension D may separate antenna resonating element  76  from nearby ground structures such as touch sensor portion  122 ′, display pixel layer portion  124 ′, metal housing  12 , etc. The dielectric-filled gap may be occupied by a dielectric such as air, plastic, glass, sapphire, fused silica, or other dielectric. 
     In the illustrative configuration of  FIG. 17 , display cover layer  120  has a curved (convex) outer (upper) surface  136  and an opposing planar inner (lower) surface  138 . Clear display member  146  has a mating planar outer (upper) surface (i.e., a surface that has the same curvature as inner surface  138  of display cover structure  120 ). Clear display member  146  also has planar inner (lower) surface  150 . Planar display layers such as touch sensor  122 , display pixel layer  124 , near-field communications antenna flexible printed circuit  126  for near-field communications antenna  40 N, and ferromagnetic shield layer  128  may be mounted on planar inner surface  150 . Antenna structures for antenna  40 F such as antenna resonating element  76  may be interposed between the outer surface of clear display member  146  and inner surface  138  of display cover structure  120 . A layer of black ink or other opaque masking material on surface  138  may, if desired, be used to hide antenna resonating element  76  and other internal structures in device  10  from view by a user. 
     The foregoing is merely illustrative and various modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The foregoing embodiments may be implemented individually or in any combination.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20191008
Publication Date: 20211221
Grant Date: 20211221
Priority Date: 20140423
Inventors: SAMARDZIJA, Miroslav
WANG, Yiren
OUYANG, Yuehui
HAKIM, JOSEPH
LI, QINGXIANG
SCHLUB, ROBERT W.
CABALLERO, RUBEN
YONG, Siwen
DE JONG, ERIK G.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G04R60/10", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B5/266", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B5/22", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B5/22", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B5/266", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K5/03", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K1/0278", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G04G21/04", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q9/42", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q9/42", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/22", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/52", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/526", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q21/28", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q9/0421", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/273", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q7/00", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/273", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K5/0017", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/526", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/163", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q21/28", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q7/00", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G04G21/04", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G04R60/10", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K5/03", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01L27/323", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K5/0017", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q9/42", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q7/00", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B5/0031", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/163", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/52", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q9/0421", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G04G21/04", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/526", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B5/02", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K1/0278", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/22", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G04R60/10", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q21/28", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B5/0025", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/273", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B5/0081", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10K59/40", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B5/70", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B5/26", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B5/26", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B5/48", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B5/70", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B5/72", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B5/26", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/041", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q7/00", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K9/0075", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B5/70", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 52823821