PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-11947792-B2
Application Number: US-202017074396-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Devices, methods, and graphical user interfaces for providing multitouch inputs and hardware-based features using a single touch input

Abstract:
An electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface displays, on the display, a first visual indicator. The electronic device receives a first single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface at a location that corresponds to the first visual indicator; and, in response to detecting the first single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface at a location that corresponds to the first visual indicator, replaces display of the first visual indicator with display of a first menu. The first menu includes a virtual touches selection icon. In response to detecting selection of the virtual touches selection icon, the electronic device displays a menu of virtual multitouch contacts.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An electronic device, comprising:
 a display; 
 a touch-sensitive surface; 
 one or more processors; 
 memory; and 
 one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for:
 displaying a virtual device icon; 
 detecting selection of the virtual device icon by a first single touch input; 
 in response to detecting the selection of the virtual device icon by the first single touch input:
 ceasing to display the virtual device icon; and 
 displaying a first menu of virtual device operations, the first menu of virtual device operations including a plurality of icons representing virtual device operations, wherein a first virtual device operation of the virtual device operations corresponds to a function of a physical input to display a home screen on the display and a second virtual device operation of the virtual device operations corresponds to process for simulating a touch gesture performed via the touch-sensitive surface; 
 
 detecting a second single touch input different from the physical input; and 
 in response to detecting the second single touch input:
 in accordance with a determination that the second single touch input corresponds to a selection of an icon from the plurality of icons representing the first virtual device operation of the virtual device operations, performing the function of the physical input to display the home screen; 
 in accordance with a determination that the second single touch input corresponds to a request to perform the second virtual device operation of the virtual device operations, initiating the process for simulating the touch gesture performed via the touch-sensitive surface, wherein the process for simulating the touch gesture performed via the touch-sensitive surface includes displaying one or more visual indicators corresponding to the touch gesture that is being simulated and includes:
 displaying a menu of virtual gestures, the menu of virtual gestures including a plurality of icons representing types of virtual gestures; 
 detecting selection of a respective virtual gesture icon in the menu of virtual gestures; and 
 in response to detecting the selection of the respective virtual gesture icon in the menu of virtual gestures, performing an action that corresponds to a respective virtual gesture; and 
 
 in accordance with a determination that the second single touch input corresponds to a location on the display that does not correspond to the first menu of virtual device operations:
 ceasing to display the first menu of virtual device operations; and 
 displaying the virtual device icon. 
 
 
 
 
     
     
       2. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the virtual device icon is configured to move in accordance with a touch gesture by a single touch on the touch-sensitive surface. 
     
     
       3. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the first menu includes icons displayed radially about a center of the first menu. 
     
     
       4. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein a first user interface is displayed on the display immediately prior to detecting the first single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface, and the first menu is displayed over the first user interface. 
     
     
       5. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the first menu is displayed in a center region of the display. 
     
     
       6. The electronic device of  claim 1 , the one or more programs including instructions for:
 while displaying the first menu on the display, waiting to detect input on the touch-sensitive surface for more than a predefined time period; and, 
 in response to waiting to detect input on the touch-sensitive surface for more than the predefined time period, replacing display of the first menu with display of the virtual device icon. 
 
     
     
       7. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the process for simulating the touch gesture includes:
 displaying the menu of virtual gestures, the menu of virtual gestures including a plurality of icons representing types of virtual gestures; 
 detecting selection of a second respective virtual gesture icon in the menu of virtual gestures; 
 in response to detecting the selection of the second respective virtual gesture icon in the menu of virtual gestures, displaying a number of visual indicators that correspond to the second respective virtual gesture icon; 
 detecting a third single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface; and, 
 in response to detecting the third single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface, performing an operation in accordance with a second respective virtual gesture. 
 
     
     
       8. The electronic device of  claim 7 , the one or more programs including instructions for:
 in response to detecting the third single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface, moving the displayed visual indicators that correspond to the second respective virtual gesture to simulate movement of multiple contacts on the touch-sensitive surface. 
 
     
     
       9. The electronic device of  claim 1 , the one or more programs further including instructions for:
 in accordance with a determination that the second single touch input corresponds to a request to perform a third virtual device operation of the virtual device operations:
 displaying a second menu of virtual device operations, the second menu of virtual device operations including a plurality of icons representing types of virtual device operations; 
 detecting selection of a respective virtual device operation icon in the second menu of virtual device operations; and, 
 in response to detecting the selection of the respective virtual device operation icon in the second menu of virtual device operations, performing an action that corresponds to a respective virtual device operation. 
 
 
     
     
       10. The electronic device of  claim 9 , wherein performing the action that corresponds to the respective virtual device operation includes:
 in accordance with a determination that the respective virtual device operation icon corresponds to a request to perform a respective virtual device orientation, orienting the display in accordance with the respective virtual device orientation. 
 
     
     
       11. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the device includes a home button, and wherein performing the function of the physical input to display the home screen corresponds to activation of the home button. 
     
     
       12. The electronic device of  claim 1 , the one or more programs including instructions for:
 further in response to detecting the selection of the virtual device icon by the first single touch input, ceasing to display the virtual device icon. 
 
     
     
       13. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein:
 simulating the touch gesture performed via the touch-sensitive surface includes simulating a multi-point touch gesture via the touch-sensitive surface; 
 the multi-point touch gesture including a first simulated contact and a second simulated contact; and 
 displaying the one or more visual indicators corresponding to the touch gesture that is being simulated includes displaying a first visual indicator that corresponds to the first simulated contact and a second visual indicator that corresponds to the second simulated contact. 
 
     
     
       14. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of executed by an electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface, the one or more programs including instructions for:
 displaying a virtual device icon; 
 detecting selection of the virtual device icon by a first single touch input; 
 in response to detecting the selection of the virtual device icon by the first single touch input:
 ceasing to display the virtual device icon; and 
 displaying a first menu of virtual device operations, the first menu of virtual device operations including a plurality of icons representing virtual device operations, wherein a first virtual device operation of the virtual device operations corresponds to a function of a physical input to display a home screen on the display and a second virtual device operation of the virtual device operations corresponds to process for simulating a touch gesture performed via the touch-sensitive surface; 
 
 detecting a second single touch input different from the physical input; and 
 in response to detecting the second single touch input:
 in accordance with a determination that the second single touch input corresponds to a selection of an icon from the plurality of icons representing the first virtual device operation of the virtual device operations, performing the function of the physical input to display the home screen; 
 in accordance with a determination that the second single touch input corresponds to a request to perform the second virtual device operation of the virtual device operations, initiating the process for simulating the touch gesture performed via the touch-sensitive surface, wherein the process for simulating the touch gesture performed via the touch-sensitive surface includes displaying one or more visual indicators corresponding to the touch gesture that is being simulated and includes:
 displaying a menu of virtual gestures, the menu of virtual gestures including a plurality of icons representing types of virtual gestures; 
 detecting selection of a respective virtual gesture icon in the menu of virtual gestures; and 
 in response to detecting the selection of the respective virtual gesture icon in the menu of virtual gestures, performing an action that corresponds to a respective virtual gesture; and 
 
 in accordance with a determination that the second single touch input corresponds to a location on the display that does not correspond to the first menu of virtual device operations:
 ceasing to display the first menu of virtual device operations; and 
 displaying the virtual device icon. 
 
 
 
     
     
       15. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 14 , wherein the virtual device icon is configured to move in accordance with a touch gesture by a single touch on the touch-sensitive surface. 
     
     
       16. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 14 , wherein the first menu includes icons displayed radially about a center of the first menu. 
     
     
       17. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 14 , wherein a first user interface is displayed on the display immediately prior to detecting the first single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface, and the first menu is displayed over the first user interface. 
     
     
       18. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 14 , wherein the first menu is displayed in a center region of the display. 
     
     
       19. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 14 , the one or more programs including instructions for:
 while displaying the first menu on the display, waiting to detect input on the touch-sensitive surface for more than a predefined time period; and, 
 in response to waiting to detect input on the touch-sensitive surface for more than the predefined time period, replacing display of the first menu with display of the virtual device icon. 
 
     
     
       20. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 14 , wherein the process for simulating the touch gesture includes:
 displaying the menu of virtual gestures, the menu of virtual gestures including a plurality of icons representing types of virtual gestures; 
 detecting selection of a second respective virtual gesture icon in the menu of virtual gestures; 
 in response to detecting the selection of the second respective virtual gesture icon in the menu of virtual gestures, displaying a number of visual indicators that correspond to the second respective virtual gesture icon; 
 detecting a third single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface; and, 
 in response to detecting the third single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface, performing an operation in accordance with a second respective virtual gesture. 
 
     
     
       21. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 20 , the one or more programs including instructions for:
 in response to detecting the third single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface, moving the displayed visual indicators that correspond to the second respective virtual gesture to simulate movement of multiple contacts on the touch-sensitive surface. 
 
     
     
       22. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 14 , the one or more programs further including instructions for:
 in accordance with a determination that the second single touch input corresponds to a request to perform a third virtual device operation of the virtual device operations:
 displaying a second menu of virtual device operations, the second menu of virtual device operations including a plurality of icons representing types of virtual device operations; 
 detecting selection of a respective virtual device operation icon in the second menu of virtual device operations; and, 
 in response to detecting the selection of the respective virtual device operation icon in the second menu of virtual device operations, performing an action that corresponds to a respective virtual device operation. 
 
 
     
     
       23. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 22 , wherein performing the action that corresponds to the respective virtual device operation includes:
 in accordance with a determination that the respective virtual device operation icon corresponds to a request to perform a respective virtual device orientation, orienting the display in accordance with the respective virtual device orientation. 
 
     
     
       24. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 14 , wherein the device includes a home button, and wherein performing the function of the physical input to display the home screen corresponds to activation of the home button. 
     
     
       25. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 14 , the one or more programs including instructions for:
 further in response to detecting the selection of the virtual device icon by the first single touch input, ceasing to display the virtual device icon. 
 
     
     
       26. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 14 , wherein:
 simulating the touch gesture performed via the touch-sensitive surface includes simulating a multi-point touch gesture via the touch-sensitive surface; 
 the multi-point touch gesture including a first simulated contact and a second simulated contact; and 
 displaying the one or more visual indicators corresponding to the touch gesture that is being simulated includes displaying a first visual indicator that corresponds to the first simulated contact and a second visual indicator that corresponds to the second simulated contact. 
 
     
     
       27. A method, comprising:
 at an electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface:
 displaying a virtual device icon; 
 detecting selection of the virtual device icon by a first single touch input; 
 in response to detecting the selection of the virtual device icon by the first single touch input:
 ceasing to display the virtual device icon; and 
 displaying a first menu of virtual device operations, the first menu of virtual device operations including a plurality of icons representing virtual device operations, wherein a first virtual device operation of the virtual device operations corresponds to a function of a physical input to display a home screen on the display and a second virtual device operation of the virtual device operations corresponds to process for simulating a touch gesture performed via the touch-sensitive surface; 
 
 detecting a second single touch input different from the physical input; and 
 in response to detecting the second single touch input:
 in accordance with a determination that the second single touch input corresponds to a selection of an icon from the plurality of icons representing the first virtual device operation of the virtual device operations, performing the function of the physical input to display the home screen; 
 in accordance with a determination that the second single touch input corresponds to a request to perform the second virtual device operation of the virtual device operations, initiating the process for simulating the touch gesture performed via the touch-sensitive surface, wherein the process for simulating the touch gesture performed via the touch-sensitive surface includes displaying one or more visual indicators corresponding to the touch gesture that is being simulated and includes:
 displaying a menu of virtual gestures, the menu of virtual gestures including a plurality of icons representing types of virtual gestures; 
 detecting selection of a respective virtual gesture icon in the menu of virtual gestures; and 
 in response to detecting the selection of the respective virtual gesture icon in the menu of virtual gestures, performing an action that corresponds to a respective virtual gesture; and 
 
 in accordance with a determination that the second single touch input corresponds to a location on the display that does not correspond to the first menu of virtual device operations:
 ceasing to display the first menu of virtual device operations; and 
 displaying the virtual device icon. 
 
 
 
 
     
     
       28. The method of  claim 27 , wherein the virtual device icon is configured to move in accordance with a touch gesture by a single touch on the touch-sensitive surface. 
     
     
       29. The method of  claim 27 , wherein the first menu includes icons displayed radially about a center of the first menu. 
     
     
       30. The method of  claim 27 , wherein a first user interface is displayed on the display immediately prior to detecting the first single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface, and the first menu is displayed over the first user interface. 
     
     
       31. The method of  claim 27 , wherein the first menu is displayed in a center region of the display. 
     
     
       32. The method of  claim 27 , further including:
 while displaying the first menu on the display, waiting to detect input on the touch-sensitive surface for more than a predefined time period; and, 
 in response to waiting to detect input on the touch-sensitive surface for more than the predefined time period, replacing display of the first menu with display of the virtual device icon. 
 
     
     
       33. The method of  claim 27 , wherein the process for simulating the touch gesture includes:
 displaying the menu of virtual gestures, the menu of virtual gestures including a plurality of icons representing types of virtual gestures; 
 detecting selection of a second respective virtual gesture icon in the menu of virtual gestures; 
 in response to detecting the selection of the second respective virtual gesture icon in the menu of virtual gestures, displaying a number of visual indicators that correspond to the second respective virtual gesture icon; 
 detecting a third single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface; and, 
 in response to detecting the third single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface, performing an operation in accordance with a second respective virtual gesture. 
 
     
     
       34. The method of  claim 33 , further including:
 in response to detecting the third single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface, moving the displayed visual indicators that correspond to the second respective virtual gesture to simulate movement of multiple contacts on the touch-sensitive surface. 
 
     
     
       35. The method of  claim 27 , further comprising:
 in accordance with a determination that the second single touch input corresponds to a request to perform a third virtual device operation of the virtual device operations:
 displaying a second menu of virtual device operations, the second menu of virtual device operations including a plurality of icons representing types of virtual device operations; 
 detecting selection of a respective virtual device operation icon in the second menu of virtual device operations; and, 
 in response to detecting the selection of the respective virtual device operation icon in the second menu of virtual device operations, performing an action that corresponds to a respective virtual device operation. 
 
 
     
     
       36. The method of  claim 35 , wherein performing the action that corresponds to the respective virtual device operation includes:
 in accordance with a determination that the respective virtual device operation icon corresponds to a request to perform a respective virtual device orientation, orienting the display in accordance with the respective virtual device orientation. 
 
     
     
       37. The method of  claim 27 , wherein the device includes a home button, and wherein performing the function of the physical input to display the home screen corresponds to activation of the home button. 
     
     
       38. The method of  claim 27 , further comprising:
 further in response to detecting the selection of the virtual device icon by the first single touch input, ceasing to display the virtual device icon. 
 
     
     
       39. The method of  claim 27 , wherein:
 simulating the touch gesture performed via the touch-sensitive surface includes simulating a multi-point touch gesture via the touch-sensitive surface; 
 the multi-point touch gesture including a first simulated contact and a second simulated contact; and 
 displaying the one or more visual indicators corresponding to the touch gesture that is being simulated includes displaying a first visual indicator that corresponds to the first simulated contact and a second visual indicator that corresponds to the second simulated contact.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/833,439, filed on Aug. 24, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,809,912, issued on Oct. 20, 2020, which is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/436,340, filed Mar. 30, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,116,611, issued on Aug. 25, 2015, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/581,617, filed Dec. 29, 2011, entitled “Devices, Methods, and Graphical User Interfaces for Providing Multitouch Inputs Using a Single Touch Input,” which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This relates generally to electronic devices with multitouch-sensitive surfaces, including but not limited to electronic devices with multitouch-sensitive surfaces that have touch-based user interfaces and other hardware-based features that require manual dexterity. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The use of electronic devices with touch-based user interfaces (e.g., devices such as the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California) has increased significantly in recent years. These devices use multitouch-sensitive surfaces, such as a touch screen display or a touch pad, as the main input for manipulating user interface objects on a display and/or controlling the device. These devices also have a number of features that require fine manual motor coordination, such as rotating or shaking the devices for activation of such features. 
     But people with limited motor skills, such as those with certain finger or hand impairments, may find performing multitouch gestures (e.g., two-finger pinch/depinch gestures or other gestures that require two or more simultaneous finger contacts) difficult, if not impossible. Additionally, these users may have trouble rotating the device, grasping the device, shaking the device, or pressing various physical buttons on the device. 
     SUMMARY 
     Accordingly, there is a need to provide accessibility to devices with touch-based user interfaces that include multitouch gestures to users that can perform inputs with only a single touch (e.g., a single finger or other single contact). In other words, there is a need to enable users who can operate touch-sensitive surfaces with just a single contact to nevertheless operate electronic devices with touch-based user interfaces configured to receive multitouch gestures. In addition, there is a need to enable users who can operate touch-sensitive surfaces with just a single contact to nevertheless operate other hardware-based features that require manual dexterity. 
     The above deficiencies and other problems associated with user interfaces for electronic devices with multitouch-sensitive surfaces are reduced or eliminated by the disclosed devices. In some embodiments, the device is a desktop computer. In some embodiments, the device is portable (e.g., a notebook computer, tablet computer, or handheld device). In some embodiments, the device has a touchpad. In some embodiments, the device has a touch-sensitive display (also known as a “touch screen” or “touch screen display”). In some embodiments, the device has a graphical user interface (GUI), one or more processors, memory and one or more modules, programs or sets of instructions stored in the memory for performing multiple functions. In some embodiments, the user interacts with the GUI primarily through finger contacts and gestures on the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the functions may include image editing, drawing, presenting, word processing, website creating, disk authoring, spreadsheet making, game playing, telephoning, video conferencing, e-mailing, instant messaging, workout support, digital photographing, digital videoing, web browsing, digital music playing, and/or digital video playing. Executable instructions for performing these functions may be included in a non-transitory computer readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: displaying, on the display, a first visual indicator; detecting a first single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface at a location that corresponds to the first visual indicator; and, in response to detecting the first single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface at the location that corresponds to the first visual indicator, replacing display of the first visual indicator with display of a first menu. The first menu includes a virtual touches selection icon. In response to detecting selection of the virtual touches selection icon, a menu of virtual multitouch contacts is displayed. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display, a touch-sensitive surface, one or more processors, memory, and one or more programs. The one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors. The one or more programs include instructions for: displaying, on the display, a first visual indicator; detecting a first single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface at a location that corresponds to the first visual indicator; and, in response to detecting the first single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface at the location that corresponds to the first visual indicator, replacing display of the first visual indicator with display of a first menu. The first menu includes a virtual touches selection icon. In response to detecting selection of the virtual touches selection icon, a menu of virtual multitouch contacts is displayed. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computer readable storage medium has stored therein instructions, which, when executed by an electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface, cause the device to: display, on the display, a first visual indicator; detect a first single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface at a location that corresponds to the first visual indicator; and, in response to detecting the first single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface at the location that corresponds to the first visual indicator, replace display of the first visual indicator with display of a first menu. The first menu includes a virtual touches selection icon. In response to detecting selection of the virtual touches selection icon, a menu of virtual multitouch contacts is displayed. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface on an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, a memory, and one or more processors to execute one or more programs stored in the memory includes a first visual indicator. A first single touch input is detected on the touch-sensitive surface at a location that corresponds to the first visual indicator. In response to detecting the first single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface at the location that corresponds to the first visual indicator, display of the first visual indicator is replaced with display of a first menu. The first menu includes a virtual touches selection icon. In response to detecting selection of the virtual touches selection icon, a menu of virtual multitouch contacts is displayed. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. The method includes displaying a menu of virtual multitouch contacts. The menu of virtual multitouch contacts includes a plurality of icons representing types of virtual multitouch contacts. The method also includes: detecting selection of a respective virtual multitouch contacts icon in the menu of virtual multitouch contacts by a single touch input; and, in response to detecting selection of the respective virtual multitouch contacts icon in the menu of virtual multitouch contacts by the single touch input, displaying one or more second visual indicators that correspond to the respective virtual multitouch contacts icon. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: displaying a menu of virtual gestures, the menu of virtual gestures including a plurality of icons representing types of virtual gestures; detecting selection of a respective virtual gesture icon in the menu of virtual gestures by a single touch input; in response to detecting selection of the respective virtual gesture icon in the menu of virtual gestures by the single touch input, displaying a number of visual indicators that correspond to the respective virtual gesture icon; detecting a second single touch input; and, in response to detecting the second single touch input, performing an operation in accordance with the respective virtual gesture. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: displaying a pinch/depinch gesture icon; detecting selection of the virtual pinch/depinch gesture icon by a single touch input; in response to detecting selection of the virtual pinch/depinch gesture icon by the single touch input, displaying two visual indicators that correspond to contacts in the virtual pinch/depinch gesture; detecting a second single touch input; and, in response to detecting the second single touch input, performing a zooming operation in accordance with the respective virtual pinch/depinch gesture. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: displaying a virtual gestures icon; detecting selection of the virtual gestures icon by a single touch input; and, in response to detecting selection of the virtual gestures icon by the single touch input, displaying a menu of virtual gestures. The menu of virtual gestures includes a plurality of icons representing types of virtual gestures. The method also includes: detecting selection of a respective virtual gesture icon in the menu of virtual gestures by a second single touch input; and, in response to detecting selection of the respective virtual gesture icon in the menu of virtual gestures by the second single touch input, performing an action that corresponds to the respective virtual gesture. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: displaying a virtual device icon; detecting selection of the virtual device icon by a single touch input; in response to detecting selection of the virtual device icon by the single touch input, displaying a menu of virtual device operations, the menu of virtual device operations including a plurality of icons representing types of virtual device operations; detecting selection of a respective virtual device operation icon in the menu of virtual device operations by a second single touch input; and, in response to detecting selection of the respective virtual device operation icon in the menu of virtual device operations by the second single touch input, performing an action that corresponds to the respective virtual device operation. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: displaying a virtual device rotation icon; detecting selection of the virtual device rotation icon by a single touch input; and, in response to detecting selection of the virtual device rotation icon by the single touch input, displaying a menu of virtual device orientations. The menu of virtual device orientations includes a plurality of icons representing types of virtual device orientations. The method also includes: detecting selection of a respective virtual device orientation icon in the menu of virtual device orientations by a second single touch input; and, in response to detecting selection of the respective virtual device orientation icon in the menu of virtual device orientations by the second single touch input, orienting the display in accordance with the respective virtual device orientation. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display, a touch-sensitive surface, one or more processors, memory, and one or more programs. The one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors. The one or more programs include instructions for performing any of the methods described above. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computer readable storage medium has stored therein instructions, which, when executed by an electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface, cause the device to perform any of the methods described above. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface on an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, a memory, and one or more processors to execute one or more programs stored in the memory includes a respective graphical user interface displayed while performing any of the methods described above. 
     Thus, electronic devices with touch-based user interfaces are provided with methods and interfaces that make these devices accessible to users that can perform inputs with only a single touch. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a better understanding of the aforementioned embodiments of the invention as well as additional embodiments thereof, reference should be made to the Description of Embodiments below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures. 
         FIG.  1 A  is a block diagram illustrating a portable multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  1 B  is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  2    illustrates a portable multifunction device having a touch screen in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  3    is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  4 A  illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu of applications on a portable multifunction device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  4 B  illustrates an exemplary user interface for a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS.  5 A- 5 V  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for providing accessibility to a touch-based user interface configured to receive multitouch gestures using single touch inputs in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS.  6 A- 6 D  are flow diagrams illustrating a method of providing accessibility to a touch-based user interface configured to receive multitouch gestures using single touch inputs in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  7    is a flow diagram illustrating a method of using a menu of virtual multitouch contacts icon based on single touch inputs in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  8    is a flow diagram illustrating a method of using a menu of virtual gestures based on single touch inputs in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  9    is a flow diagram illustrating a method of performing a virtual pinch gesture based on single touch inputs in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  10    is a flow diagram illustrating a method of using a menu of virtual gestures based on single touch inputs in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  11    is a flow diagram illustrating a method of using a menu of virtual device operations based on single touch inputs in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  12    is a flow diagram illustrating a method of using a menu of virtual device orientations based on single touch inputs in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
     Described below are devices and methods that enable users who cannot effectively operate multitouch-sensitive surfaces with two or more simultaneous contacts to nevertheless operate electronic devices with touch-based user interfaces configured to receive multitouch gestures. These devices and methods also enable such users to use single touch inputs to operate other hardware features that require manual dexterity (e.g., shaking or rotating the device or activating a physical button). The methods described herein include: Using visual indicators to emulate multiple touches; Using a menu of virtual multitouch contacts in conjunction with a single touch input on a touch-sensitive surface to select the type of multitouch contact being emulated; Using a menu of virtual gestures in conjunction with a single touch input on a touch-sensitive surface to select and emulate multitouch gestures on the touch-sensitive surface; Using two visual indicators (which correspond to two virtual touches) in conjunction with a single touch input on a touch-sensitive surface to emulate pinch/depinch gestures on the touch-sensitive surface; Using a menu of virtual device operations in conjunction with a single touch input on a touch-sensitive surface to select and emulate operations that are normally performed via activation of physical controls on the electronic device (e.g., mute switches, lock switches, volume buttons) or in response to activity detected by an accelerometer (e.g., device shaking or device rotation); and Using a menu of virtual device orientations in conjunction with a single touch input on a touch-sensitive surface to control the display orientation. 
     These methods make operations that are designed for users interacting with touch-sensitive surfaces via multitouch gestures accessible to users who can, or prefer to, just provide single touch inputs. 
     Below,  FIGS.  1 A- 1 B,  2 , and  3    provide a description of exemplary devices.  FIGS.  4 A- 4 B and  5 A- 5 V  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for providing accessibility to a touch-based user interface.  FIGS.  6 A- 6 D and  7 - 12    are flow diagrams illustrating methods of providing accessibility to a touch-based user interface. The user interfaces in  FIGS.  5 A- 5 V  are used to illustrate the processes in  FIGS.  6 A- 6 D and  7 - 12   . 
     Exemplary Devices 
     Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments. 
     It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first contact could be termed a second contact, and, similarly, a second contact could be termed a first contact, without departing from the scope of the present invention. The first contact and the second contact are both contacts, but they are not the same contact. 
     The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in the description of the invention and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     As used herein, the term “if” may be construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” may be construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event],” depending on the context. 
     Embodiments of electronic devices, user interfaces for such devices, and associated processes for using such devices are described. In some embodiments, the device is a portable communications device, such as a mobile telephone, that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/or music player functions. Exemplary embodiments of portable multifunction devices include, without limitation, the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California Other portable electronic devices, such as laptops or tablet computers with touch-sensitive surfaces (e.g., touch screen displays and/or touch pads), may also be used. It should also be understood that, in some embodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but is a desktop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch screen display and/or a touch pad). 
     In the discussion that follows, an electronic device that includes a display and a touch-sensitive surface is described. 
     The device typically supports a variety of applications, such as one or more of the following: a drawing application, a presentation application, a word processing application, a website creation application, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheet application, a gaming application, a telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, a workout support application, a photo management application, a digital camera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing application, a digital music player application, and/or a digital video player application. 
     The various applications that may be executed on the device may use at least one common physical user-interface device, such as the touch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitive surface as well as corresponding information displayed on the device may be adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physical architecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the device may support the variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and transparent to the user. 
     Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable devices with touch-sensitive displays.  FIG.  1 A  is a block diagram illustrating portable multifunction device  100  with touch-sensitive displays  112  in accordance with some embodiments. Touch-sensitive display  112  is sometimes called a “touch screen” for convenience, and may also be known as or called a touch-sensitive display system. Device  100  may include memory  102  (which may include one or more non-transitory computer readable storage mediums), memory controller  122 , one or more processing units (CPU&#39;s)  120 , peripherals interface  118 , RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , input/output (I/O) subsystem  106 , other input or control devices  116 , and external port  124 . Device  100  may include one or more optical sensors  164 . These components may communicate over one or more communication buses or signal lines  103 . 
     It should be appreciated that device  100  is only one example of a portable multifunction device, and that device  100  may have more or fewer components than shown, may combine two or more components, or may have a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown in  FIG.  1 A  may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both hardware and software, including one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits. 
     Memory  102  may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Access to memory  102  by other components of device  100 , such as CPU  120  and the peripherals interface  118 , may be controlled by memory controller  122 . 
     Peripherals interface  118  can be used to couple input and output peripherals of the device to CPU  120  and memory  102 . The one or more processors  120  run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in memory  102  to perform various functions for device  100  and to process data. 
     In some embodiments, peripherals interface  118 , CPU  120 , and memory controller  122  may be implemented on a single chip, such as chip  104 . In some other embodiments, they may be implemented on separate chips. 
     RF (radio frequency) circuitry  108  receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  108  converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  108  may include well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RF circuitry  108  may communicate with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The wireless communication may use any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document. 
     Audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , and microphone  113  provide an audio interface between a user and device  100 . Audio circuitry  110  receives audio data from peripherals interface  118 , converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to speaker  111 . Speaker  111  converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves. Audio circuitry  110  also receives electrical signals converted by microphone  113  from sound waves. Audio circuitry  110  converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to peripherals interface  118  for processing. Audio data may be retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory  102  and/or RF circuitry  108  by peripherals interface  118 . In some embodiments, audio circuitry  110  also includes a headset jack (e.g.,  212 ,  FIG.  2   ). The headset jack provides an interface between audio circuitry  110  and removable audio input/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headset with both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input (e.g., a microphone). 
     I/O subsystem  106  couples input/output peripherals on device  100 , such as touch screen  112  and other input control devices  116 , to peripherals interface  118 . I/O subsystem  106  may include display controller  156  and one or more input controllers  160  for other input or control devices. The one or more input controllers  160  receive/send electrical signals from/to other input or control devices  116 . The other input control devices  116  may include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s)  160  may be coupled to any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, infrared port, USB port, and a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g.,  208 ,  FIG.  2   ) may include an up/down button for volume control of speaker  111  and/or microphone  113 . The one or more buttons may include a push button (e.g.,  206 ,  FIG.  2   ). 
     Touch-sensitive display  112  provides an input interface and an output interface between the device and a user. Display controller  156  receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to touch screen  112 . Touch screen  112  displays visual output to the user. The visual output may include graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all of the visual output may correspond to user-interface objects. 
     Touch screen  112  has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor or set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact. Touch screen  112  and display controller  156  (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory  102 ) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on touch screen  112  and converts the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages or images) that are displayed on touch screen  112 . In an exemplary embodiment, a point of contact between touch screen  112  and the user corresponds to a finger of the user. 
     Touch screen  112  may use LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED (light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologies may be used in other embodiments. Touch screen  112  and display controller  156  may detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of a plurality of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with touch screen  112 . In an exemplary embodiment, projected mutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California. 
     Touch screen  112  may have a video resolution in excess of 100 dpi. In some embodiments, the touch screen has a video resolution of approximately 160 dpi. The user may make contact with touch screen  112  using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to work primarily with finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired by the user. 
     In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, device  100  may include a touchpad (not shown) for activating or deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output. The touchpad may be a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from touch screen  112  or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen. 
     Device  100  also includes power system  162  for powering the various components. Power system  162  may include a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices. 
     Device  100  may also include one or more optical sensors  164 .  FIG.  1 A  shows an optical sensor coupled to optical sensor controller  158  in I/O subsystem  106 . Optical sensor  164  may include charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistors. Optical sensor  164  receives light from the environment, projected through one or more lens, and converts the light to data representing an image. In conjunction with imaging module  143  (also called a camera module), optical sensor  164  may capture still images or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch screen display  112  on the front of the device, so that the touch screen display may be used as a viewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition. In some embodiments, another optical sensor is located on the front of the device so that the user&#39;s image may be obtained for videoconferencing while the user views the other video conference participants on the touch screen display. 
     Device  100  may also include one or more proximity sensors  166 .  FIG.  1 A  shows proximity sensor  166  coupled to peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, proximity sensor  166  may be coupled to input controller  160  in I/O subsystem  106 . In some embodiments, the proximity sensor turns off and disables touch screen  112  when the multifunction device is placed near the user&#39;s ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call). 
     Device  100  may also include one or more accelerometers  168 .  FIG.  1 A  shows accelerometer  168  coupled to peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, accelerometer  168  may be coupled to an input controller  160  in I/O subsystem  106 . In some embodiments, information is displayed on the touch screen display in a portrait view or a landscape view based on an analysis of data received from the one or more accelerometers. Device  100  optionally includes, in addition to accelerometer(s)  168 , a magnetometer (not shown) and a GPS (or GLONASS or other global navigation system) receiver (not shown) for obtaining information concerning the location and orientation (e.g., portrait or landscape) of device  100 . 
     In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory  102  include operating system  126 , communication module (or set of instructions)  128 , contact/motion module (or set of instructions)  130 , graphics module (or set of instructions)  132 , text input module (or set of instructions)  134 , Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set of instructions)  135 , and applications (or sets of instructions)  136 . Furthermore, in some embodiments memory  102  stores device/global internal state  157 , as shown in  FIGS.  1 A and  3   . Device/global internal state  157  includes one or more of: active application state, indicating which applications, if any, are currently active; display state, indicating what applications, views or other information occupy various regions of touch screen display  112 ; sensor state, including information obtained from the device&#39;s various sensors and input control devices  116 ; and location information concerning the device&#39;s location and/or attitude. 
     Operating system  126  (e.g., Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components. 
     Communication module  128  facilitates communication with other devices over one or more external ports  124  and also includes various software components for handling data received by RF circuitry  108  and/or external port  124 . External port  124  (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the 30-pin connector used on iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) devices. 
     Contact/motion module  130  may detect contact with touch screen  112  (in conjunction with display controller  156 ) and other touch sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). Contact/motion module  130  includes various software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact, such as determining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-down event), determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact). Contact/motion module  130  receives contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which is represented by a series of contact data, may include determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. These operations may be applied to single contacts (e.g., one finger contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g., “multitouch”/multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments, contact/motion module  130  and display controller  156  detect contact on a touchpad. 
     Contact/motion module  130  may detect a gesture input by a user. Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contact patterns. Thus, a gesture may be detected by detecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a finger tap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event at the same position (or substantially the same position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequently followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event. 
     Graphics module  132  includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics on touch screen  112  or other display, including components for changing the intensity of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics” includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including without limitation text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations and the like. 
     In some embodiments, graphics module  132  stores data representing graphics to be used. Each graphic may be assigned a corresponding code. Graphics module  132  receives, from applications etc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with, if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and then generates screen image data to output to display controller  156 . 
     Text input module  134 , which may be a component of graphics module  132 , provides soft keyboards for entering text in various applications (e.g., contacts  137 , e-mail  140 , IM  141 , browser  147 , and any other application that needs text input). 
     GPS module  135  determines the location of the device and provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone  138  for use in location-based dialing, to camera  143  as picture/video metadata, and to applications that provide location-based services such as weather widgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets). 
     Applications  136  may include the following modules (or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof:
         contacts module  137  (sometimes called an address book or contact list);   telephone module  138 ;   video conferencing module  139 ;   e-mail client module  140 ;   instant messaging (IM) module  141 ;   workout support module  142 ;   camera module  143  for still and/or video images;   image management module  144 ;   browser module  147 ;   calendar module  148 ;   widget modules  149 , which may include one or more of: weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  149 - 3 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , dictionary widget  149 - 5 , and other widgets obtained by the user, as well as user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   widget creator module  150  for making user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   search module  151 ;   video and music player module  152 , which may be made up of a video player module and a music player module;   notes module  153 ;   map module  154 ; and/or   online video module  155 .       

     Examples of other applications  136  that may be stored in memory  102  include other word processing applications, other image editing applications, drawing applications, presentation applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice replication. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , contacts module  137  may be used to manage an address book or contact list (e.g., stored in application internal state  192  of contacts module  137  in memory  102  or memory  370 ), including: adding name(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book; associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or other information with a name; associating an image with a name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers or e-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications by telephone  138 , video conference  139 , e-mail  140 , or IM  141 ; and so forth. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , telephone module  138  may be used to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers in address book  137 , modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation and disconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As noted above, the wireless communication may use any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , contact list  137 , and telephone module  138 , videoconferencing module  139  includes executable instructions to initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user and one or more other participants in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140  includes executable instructions to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response to user instructions. In conjunction with image management module  144 , e-mail client module  140  makes it very easy to create and send e-mails with still or video images taken with camera module  143 . 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the instant messaging module  141  includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to an instant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit a respective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service (SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-based instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS for Internet-based instant messages), to receive instant messages and to view received instant messages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or received instant messages may include graphics, photos, audio files, video files and/or other attachments as are supported in a MMS and/or an Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging” refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , map module  154 , and music player module  146 , workout support module  142  includes executable instructions to create workouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burning goals); communicate with workout sensors (sports devices); receive workout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout; select and play music for a workout; and display, store and transmit workout data. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor(s)  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and image management module  144 , camera module  143  includes executable instructions to capture still images or video (including a video stream) and store them into memory  102 , modify characteristics of a still image or video, or delete a still image or video from memory  102 . 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and camera module  143 , image management module  144  includes executable instructions to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/or video images. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , browser module  147  includes executable instructions to browse the Internet in accordance with user instructions, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portions thereof as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , calendar module  148  includes executable instructions to create, display, modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendar entries, to do lists, etc.) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , widget modules  149  are mini-applications that may be downloaded and used by a user (e.g., weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  149 - 3 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , and dictionary widget  149 - 5 ) or created by the user (e.g., user-created widget  149 - 6 ). In some embodiments, a widget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In some embodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , the widget creator module  150  may be used by a user to create widgets (e.g., turning a user-specified portion of a web page into a widget). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , search module  151  includes executable instructions to search for text, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory  102  that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , and browser module  147 , video and music player module  152  includes executable instructions that allow the user to download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, and executable instructions to display, present or otherwise play back videos (e.g., on touch screen  112  or on an external, connected display via external port  124 ). In some embodiments, device  100  may include the functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , notes module  153  includes executable instructions to create and manage notes, to do lists, and the like in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , and browser module  147 , map module  154  may be used to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data associated with maps (e.g., driving directions; data on stores and other points of interest at or near a particular location; and other location-based data) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , online video module  155  includes instructions that allow the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen or on an external, connected display via external port  124 ), send an e-mail with a link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats, such as H.264. In some embodiments, instant messaging module  141 , rather than e-mail client module  140 , is used to send a link to a particular online video. 
     Each of the above identified modules and applications correspond to a set of executable instructions for performing one or more functions described above and the methods described in this application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods described herein). These modules (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  102  may store a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  102  may store additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     In some embodiments, device  100  is a device where operation of a predefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/or a touchpad as the primary input control device for operation of device  100 , the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) on device  100  may be reduced. 
     The predefined set of functions that may be performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad include navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by the user, navigates device  100  to a mam, home, or root menu from any user interface that may be displayed on device  100 . In such embodiments, the touchpad may be referred to as a “menu button.” In some other embodiments, the menu button may be a physical push button or other physical input control device instead of a touchpad. 
       FIG.  1 B  is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  102  (in  FIG.  1 A ) or  370  ( FIG.  3   ) includes event sorter  170  (e.g., in operating system  126 ) and a respective application  136 - 1  (e.g., any of the aforementioned applications  137 - 151 ,  155 ,  380 - 390 ). 
     Event sorter  170  receives event information and determines the application  136 - 1  and application view  191  of application  136 - 1  to which to deliver the event information. Event sorter  170  includes event monitor  171  and event dispatcher module  174 . In some embodiments, application  136 - 1  includes application internal state  192 , which indicates the current application view(s) displayed on touch sensitive display  112  when the application is active or executing. In some embodiments, device/global internal state  157  is used by event sorter  170  to determine which application(s) is (are) currently active, and application internal state  192  is used by event sorter  170  to determine application views  191  to which to deliver event information. 
     In some embodiments, application internal state  192  includes additional information, such as one or more of: resume information to be used when application  136 - 1  resumes execution, user interface state information that indicates information being displayed or that is ready for display by application  136 - 1 , a state queue for enabling the user to go back to a prior state or view of application  136 - 1 , and a redo/undo queue of previous actions taken by the user. 
     Event monitor  171  receives event information from peripherals interface  118 . Event information includes information about a sub-event (e.g., a user touch on touch-sensitive display  112 , as part of a multitouch gesture). Peripherals interface  118  transmits information it receives from I/O subsystem  106  or a sensor, such as proximity sensor  166 , accelerometer(s)  168 , and/or microphone  113  (through audio circuitry  110 ). Information that peripherals interface  118  receives from I/O subsystem  106  includes information from touch-sensitive display  112  or a touch-sensitive surface. 
     In some embodiments, event monitor  171  sends requests to the peripherals interface  118  at predetermined intervals. In response, peripherals interface  118  transmits event information. In other embodiments, peripheral interface  118  transmits event information only when there is a significant event (e.g., receiving an input above a predetermined noise threshold and/or for more than a predetermined duration). 
     In some embodiments, event sorter  170  also includes a hit view determination module  172  and/or an active event recognizer determination module  173 . 
     Hit view determination module  172  provides software procedures for determining where a sub-event has taken place within one or more views, when touch sensitive display  112  displays more than one view. Views are made up of controls and other elements that a user can see on the display. 
     Another aspect of the user interface associated with an application is a set of views, sometimes herein called application views or user interface windows, in which information is displayed and touch-based gestures occur. The application views (of a respective application) in which a touch is detected may correspond to programmatic levels within a programmatic or view hierarchy of the application. For example, the lowest level view in which a touch is detected may be called the hit view, and the set of events that are recognized as proper inputs may be determined based, at least in part, on the hit view of the initial touch that begins a touch-based gesture. 
     Hit view determination module  172  receives information related to sub-events of a touch-based gesture. When an application has multiple views organized in a hierarchy, hit view determination module  172  identifies a hit view as the lowest view in the hierarchy which should handle the sub-event. In most circumstances, the hit view is the lowest level view in which an initiating sub-event occurs (i.e., the first sub-event in the sequence of sub-events that form an event or potential event). Once the hit view is identified by the hit view determination module, the hit view typically receives all sub-events related to the same touch or input source for which it was identified as the hit view. 
     Active event recognizer determination module  173  determines which view or views within a view hierarchy should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In some embodiments, active event recognizer determination module  173  determines that only the hit view should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, active event recognizer determination module  173  determines that all views that include the physical location of a sub-event are actively involved views, and therefore determines that all actively involved views should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, even if touch sub-events were entirely confined to the area associated with one particular view, views higher in the hierarchy would still remain as actively involved views. 
     Event dispatcher module  174  dispatches the event information to an event recognizer (e.g., event recognizer  180 ). In embodiments including active event recognizer determination module  173 , event dispatcher module  174  delivers the event information to an event recognizer determined by active event recognizer determination module  173 . In some embodiments, event dispatcher module  174  stores in an event queue the event information, which is retrieved by a respective event receiver module  182 . 
     In some embodiments, operating system  126  includes event sorter  170 . Alternatively, application  136 - 1  includes event sorter  170 . In yet other embodiments, event sorter  170  is a stand-alone module, or a part of another module stored in memory  102 , such as contact/motion module  130 . 
     In some embodiments, application  136 - 1  includes a plurality of event handlers  190  and one or more application views  191 , each of which includes instructions for handling touch events that occur within a respective view of the application&#39;s user interface. Each application view  191  of the application  136 - 1  includes one or more event recognizers  180 . Typically, a respective application view  191  includes a plurality of event recognizers  180 . In other embodiments, one or more of event recognizers  180  are part of a separate module, such as a user interface kit (not shown) or a higher level object from which application  136 - 1  inherits methods and other properties. In some embodiments, a respective event handler  190  includes one or more of: data updater  176 , object updater  177 , GUI updater  178 , and/or event data  179  received from event sorter  170 . Event handler  190  may utilize or call data updater  176 , object updater  177  or GUI updater  178  to update the application internal state  192 . Alternatively, one or more of the application views  191  includes one or more respective event handlers  190 . Also, in some embodiments, one or more of data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178  are included in a respective application view  191 . 
     A respective event recognizer  180  receives event information (e.g., event data  179 ) from event sorter  170 , and identifies an event from the event information. Event recognizer  180  includes event receiver  182  and event comparator  184 . In some embodiments, event recognizer  180  also includes at least a subset of: metadata  183 , and event delivery instructions  188  (which may include sub-event delivery instructions). 
     Event receiver  182  receives event information from event sorter  170 . The event information includes information about a sub-event, for example, a touch or a touch movement. Depending on the sub-event, the event information also includes additional information, such as location of the sub-event. When the sub-event concerns motion of a touch the event information may also include speed and direction of the sub-event. In some embodiments, events include rotation of the device from one orientation to another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to a landscape orientation, or vice versa), and the event information includes corresponding information about the current orientation (also called device attitude) of the device. 
     Event comparator  184  compares the event information to predefined event or sub-event definitions and, based on the comparison, determines an event or sub-event, or determines or updates the state of an event or sub-event. In some embodiments, event comparator  184  includes event definitions  186 . Event definitions  186  contain definitions of events (e.g., predefined sequences of sub-events), for example, event  1  ( 187 - 1 ), event  2  ( 187 - 2 ), and others. In some embodiments, sub-events in an event  187  include, for example, touch begin, touch end, touch movement, touch cancellation, and multiple touching. In one example, the definition for event  1  ( 187 - 1 ) is a double tap on a displayed object. The double tap, for example, comprises a first touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a first lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase, a second touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, and a second lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase. In another example, the definition for event  2  ( 187 - 2 ) is a dragging on a displayed object. The dragging, for example, comprises a touch (or contact) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a movement of the touch across touch-sensitive display  112 , and lift-off of the touch (touch end). In some embodiments, the event also includes information for one or more associated event handlers  190 . 
     In some embodiments, event definition  187  includes a definition of an event for a respective user-interface object. In some embodiments, event comparator  184  performs a hit test to determine which user-interface object is associated with a sub-event. For example, in an application view in which three user-interface objects are displayed on touch-sensitive display  112 , when a touch is detected on touch-sensitive display  112 , event comparator  184  performs a hit test to determine which of the three user-interface objects is associated with the touch (sub-event). If each displayed object is associated with a respective event handler  190 , the event comparator uses the result of the hit test to determine which event handler  190  should be activated. For example, event comparator  184  selects an event handler associated with the sub-event and the object triggering the hit test. 
     In some embodiments, the definition for a respective event  187  also includes delayed actions that delay delivery of the event information until after it has been determined whether the sequence of sub-events does or does not correspond to the event recognizer&#39;s event type. 
     When a respective event recognizer  180  determines that the series of sub-events do not match any of the events in event definitions  186 , the respective event recognizer  180  enters an event impossible, event failed, or event ended state, after which it disregards subsequent sub-events of the touch-based gesture. In this situation, other event recognizers, if any, that remain active for the hit view continue to track and process sub-events of an ongoing touch-based gesture. 
     In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  includes metadata  183  with configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how the event delivery system should perform sub-event delivery to actively involved event recognizers. In some embodiments, metadata  183  includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how event recognizers may interact with one another. In some embodiments, metadata  183  includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate whether sub-events are delivered to varying levels in the view or programmatic hierarchy. 
     In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  activates event handler  190  associated with an event when one or more particular sub-events of an event are recognized. In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  delivers event information associated with the event to event handler  190 . Activating an event handler  190  is distinct from sending (and deferred sending) sub-events to a respective hit view. In some embodiments, event recognizer  180  throws a flag associated with the recognized event, and event handler  190  associated with the flag catches the flag and performs a predefined process. 
     In some embodiments, event delivery instructions  188  include sub-event delivery instructions that deliver event information about a sub-event without activating an event handler. Instead, the sub-event delivery instructions deliver event information to event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or to actively involved views. Event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or with actively involved views receive the event information and perform a predetermined process. 
     In some embodiments, data updater  176  creates and updates data used in application  136 - 1 . For example, data updater  176  updates the telephone number used in contacts module  137 , or stores a video file used in video player module  145 . In some embodiments, object updater  177  creates and updates objects used in application  136 - 1 . For example, object updater  177  creates a new user-interface object or updates the position of a user-interface object. GUI updater  178  updates the GUI. For example, GUI updater  178  prepares display information and sends it to graphics module  132  for display on a touch-sensitive display. 
     In some embodiments, event handler(s)  190  includes or has access to data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178 . In some embodiments, data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178  are included in a single module of a respective application  136 - 1  or application view  191 . In other embodiments, they are included in two or more software modules. 
     It shall be understood that the foregoing discussion regarding event handling of user touches on touch-sensitive displays also applies to other forms of user inputs to operate multifunction devices  100  with input-devices, not all of which are initiated on touch screens, e.g., coordinating joystick or mouse movement and button presses, single or multiple keyboard presses or holds, user movements taps, drags, scrolls, etc., on touch-pads, pen stylus inputs, movement of the device, oral instructions, detected eye movements, biometric inputs, and/or any combination thereof which may be utilized as inputs corresponding to sub-events which define an event to be recognized. 
       FIG.  2    illustrates a portable multifunction device  100  having a touch screen  112  in accordance with some embodiments. The touch screen may display one or more graphics within user interface (UI)  200 . In this embodiment, as well as others described below, a user may select one or more of the graphics by making a gesture on the graphics, for example, with one or more fingers  202  (not drawn to scale in the figure) or one or more styluses  203  (not drawn to scale in the figure). In some embodiments, selection of one or more graphics occurs when the user breaks contact with the one or more graphics. In some embodiments, the gesture may include one or more taps, one or more swipes (from left to right, right to left, upward and/or downward) and/or a rolling of a finger (from right to left, left to right, upward and/or downward) that has made contact with device  100 . In some embodiments, inadvertent contact with a graphic may not select the graphic. For example, a swipe gesture that sweeps over an application icon may not select the corresponding application when the gesture corresponding to selection is a tap. 
     Device  100  may also include one or more physical buttons, such as “home” or menu button  204 . As described previously, menu button  204  may be used to navigate to any application  136  in a set of applications that may be executed on device  100 . Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as a soft key in a GUI displayed on touch screen  112 . 
     In one embodiment, device  100  includes touch screen  112 , menu button  204 , push button  206  for powering the device on/off and locking the device, volume adjustment button(s)  208 , Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card slot  210 , head set jack  212 , and docking/charging external port  124 . Push button  206  may be used to turn the power on/off on the device by depressing the button and holding the button in the depressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by depressing the button and releasing the button before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an unlock process. In an alternative embodiment, device  100  also may accept verbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions through microphone  113 . 
       FIG.  3    is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. Device  300  need not be portable. In some embodiments, device  300  is a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a tablet computer, a multimedia player device, a navigation device, an educational device (such as a child&#39;s learning toy), a gaming system, or a control device (e.g., a home or industrial controller). Device  300  typically includes one or more processing units (CPU&#39;s)  310 , one or more network or other communications interfaces  360 , memory  370 , and one or more communication buses  320  for interconnecting these components. Communication buses  320  may include circuitry (sometimes called a chipset) that interconnects and controls communications between system components. Device  300  includes input/output (I/O) interface  330  comprising display  340 , which is typically a touch screen display. I/O interface  330  also may include a keyboard and/or mouse (or other pointing device)  350  and touchpad  355 . Memory  370  includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM or other random access solid state memory devices; and may include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory  370  may optionally include one or more storage devices remotely located from CPU(s)  310 . In some embodiments, memory  370  stores programs, modules, and data structures analogous to the programs, modules, and data structures stored in memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100  ( FIG.  1   ), or a subset thereof. Furthermore, memory  370  may store additional programs, modules, and data structures not present in memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100 . For example, memory  370  of device  300  may store drawing module  380 , presentation module  382 , word processing module  384 , website creation module  386 , disk authoring module  388 , and/or spreadsheet module  390 , while memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100  ( FIG.  1   ) may not store these modules. 
     Each of the above identified elements in  FIG.  3    may be stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices. Each of the above identified modules corresponds to a set of instructions for performing a function described above. The above identified modules or programs (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  370  may store a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  370  may store additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) that may be implemented on portable multifunction device  100 . 
       FIG.  4 A  illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu of applications on portable multifunction device  100  in accordance with some embodiments. Similar user interfaces may be implemented on device  300 . In some embodiments, user interface  400  includes the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:
         Signal strength indicator(s)  402  for wireless communication(s), such as cellular and Wi-Fi signals;   Time  404 ;   Bluetooth indicator  405 ;   Battery status indicator  406 ;   Tray  408  with icons for frequently used applications, such as:
           Phone  138 , which may include an indicator  414  of the number of missed calls or voicemail messages;   E-mail client  140 , which may include an indicator  410  of the number of unread e-mails;   Browser  147 ; and   Video and music player  152 , also referred to as iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) module  152 ; and   
           Icons for other applications, such as:
           IM  141 ;   Image management  144 ;   Camera  143 ;   Weather  149 - 1 ;   Stocks  149 - 2 ;   Workout support  142 ;   Calendar  148 ;   Alarm clock  149 - 4 ;   Map  154 ;   Notes  153 ;   Settings  412 , which provides access to settings for device  100  and its various applications  136 ; and   Online video module  155 , also referred to as YouTube (trademark of Google Inc.) module  155 .   
               

       FIG.  4 B  illustrates an exemplary user interface on a device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG.  3   ) with a touch-sensitive surface  451  (e.g., a tablet or touchpad  355 ,  FIG.  3   ) that is separate from the display  450  (e.g., touch screen display  112 ). Although many of the examples which follow will be given with reference to inputs on touch screen display  112  (where the touch sensitive surface and the display are combined), in some embodiments, the device detects inputs on a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display, as shown in  FIG.  4 B . In some embodiments, the touch sensitive surface (e.g.,  451  in  FIG.  4 B ) has a primary axis (e.g.,  452  in  FIG.  4 B ) that corresponds to a primary axis (e.g.,  453  in  FIG.  4 B ) on the display (e.g.,  450 ). In accordance with these embodiments, the device detects contacts (e.g.,  460  and  462  in  FIG.  4 B ) with the touch-sensitive surface  451  at locations that correspond to respective locations on the display (e.g., in  FIG.  4 B,  460    corresponds to  468  and  462  corresponds to  470 ). In this way, user inputs (e.g., contacts  460  and  462 , and movements thereof) detected by the device on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,  451  in  FIG.  4 B ) are used by the device to manipulate the user interface on the display (e.g.,  450  in  FIG.  4 B ) of the multifunction device when the touch-sensitive surface is separate from the display. It should be understood that similar methods may be used for other user interfaces described herein. 
     Additionally, while the following examples are given primarily with reference to finger inputs (e.g., finger contacts, finger tap gestures, finger swipe gestures), it should be understood that, in some embodiments, one or more of the finger inputs are replaced with input from another input device (e.g., a stylus input). 
     User Interfaces and Associated Processes 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) and associated processes that may be implemented on an electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface, such as device  300  or portable multifunction device  100 . 
       FIGS.  5 A- 5 V  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for providing accessibility to a touch-based user interface configured to receive multitouch gestures using single touch inputs in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in  FIGS.  6 A- 6 D and  7 - 12   . 
       FIG.  5 A  illustrates exemplary user interface  502 -A of a web browser application displayed on touch screen  112  of multifunction electronic device  100 . User interface  502 -A includes display of a web page. Also shown in  FIG.  5 A  is visual indicator  504 . Visual indicator  504  in  FIG.  5 A  is depicted as including a circle. Alternatively, visual indicator  504  may include one of: a donut, ring, oval, ellipse, arrow, cross, I-beam, star, virtual finger (e.g., a finger or hand shaped icon), and any combination thereof. 
     Visual indicator  504  is configured to move in accordance with a touch gesture by a single touch on touch screen  112 . For example,  FIGS.  5 B and  5 C  illustrate that, in some embodiments, visual indicator  504  moves in accordance with touch gesture  503 . In user interface  502 -B of  FIG.  5 B , touch gesture  503  (e.g., a tap-and-hold gesture) is detected at a location that corresponds to visual indicator  504 .  FIG.  5 B  also illustrates that a single finger contact of touch gesture  503  moves across touch screen  112 . As a result of the movement of the single finger contact of touch gesture  503  on touch screen  112 , visual indicator  504  moves in accordance with the movement of the single finger contact of touch gesture  503 , as shown in user interface  502 -C of  FIG.  5 C . Instead of the tap-hold-and-move gesture illustrated in  FIGS.  5 B and  5 C , other gestures may be used. For example, a swipe gesture or dragging gesture may be detected at a location that corresponds to visual indicator  504 , and visual indicator  504  may move in accordance with the swipe gesture or dragging gesture. 
     As illustrated in user interface  502 -D of  FIG.  5 D , in some embodiments, once touch gesture  503  is terminated (e.g., the single touch contact of touch gesture  503  is no longer detected on touch screen  112 ,  FIG.  5 D ), visual indicator  504  moves to a location at a periphery of touch screen  112 . 
       FIG.  5 D  also illustrates that touch gesture  505  (e.g., a tap gesture) is detected at a location that corresponds to visual indicator  504 . 
       FIG.  5 E  illustrates user interface  502 -E, where, in response to detecting touch gesture  505  ( FIG.  5 D ) at the location that corresponds to visual indicator  504 , visual indicator  504  ( FIG.  5 D ) ceases to be displayed on touch screen  112  and menu  508  is displayed on touch screen  112 . As illustrated in  FIG.  5 E , in some embodiments, menu  508  is displayed over the web browser user interface. In some embodiments, menu  508  is displayed in a center region of touch screen display  112 . Menu  508  includes icons  510 - 1 ,  510 - 2 ,  510 - 3 , and  510 - 4  displayed radially about a center of menu  508 . 
       FIG.  5 E  shows touch gesture  599  (e.g., a tap gesture) at a location that does not correspond to menu  508 . In some embodiments, in response to detecting a touch gesture (e.g., touch gesture  599 ) at a location that does not correspond to menu  508 , display of menu  508  is replaced with display of visual indicator  504  (e.g.,  FIG.  5 D ). 
     Alternatively, touch gesture  507  (e.g., a tap gesture) is detected at a location that corresponds to icon  510 - 1  in menu  508  as illustrated in  FIG.  5 E , thereby selecting icon  510 - 1  in menu  508 . In some embodiments, icon  510 - 1  is called a virtual touches selection icon. 
       FIG.  5 F  illustrates user interface  502 -F, where, in response to detecting selection of icon  510 - 1  (e.g., the virtual touches selection icon labeled “Gestures”), menu  512  is displayed on touch screen  112 . In some embodiments, menu  512  is called a menu of virtual multitouch contacts. In  FIG.  5 F , menu  512  includes a plurality of icons representing types of virtual multitouch contacts (e.g., two-finger contacts icon  514 - 1 , three-finger contacts icon  514 - 2 , four-finger contacts icon  514 - 3 , five-finger contacts icon  514 - 4 , etc.). In  FIG.  5 F , touch gesture  509  (e.g., a tap gesture) is detected at a location that corresponds to icon  514 - 3 , thereby selecting icon  514 - 3 . 
     Menu  512  shown in  FIG.  5 F  also includes back icon  514 - 5 , which, when selected by a single touch input, initiates display of menu  508  shown in  FIG.  5 E . Similarly, back icons in menu  516  ( FIG.  5 K ), menu  522  ( FIG.  5 R ), and menu  526  ( FIG.  5 S ), when selected by a single touch input, each initiate display of menu  508  shown in  FIG.  5 E . 
       FIG.  5 G  illustrates user interface  502 -G, where, in response to detecting touch gesture  509  on icon  514 - 3 , four visual indicators  506 - 1 ,  506 - 2 ,  506 - 3 , and  506 - 4  are displayed on touch screen  112 . In some embodiments, when one or more visual indicators (e.g., visual indicators  506 - 1  through  506 - 4 ) are displayed on touch screen  112 , menu  512  ( FIG.  5 F ) ceases to be displayed on touch screen  112 . In some embodiments, when one or more visual indicators (e.g., visual indicators  506 - 1  through  506 - 4 ) are displayed on touch screen  112 , menu  512  is replaced with visual indicator  504  (e.g., as shown in  FIG.  5 G ). 
       FIG.  5 H  illustrates user interface  502 -H and single-touch gesture  511  on touch screen  112 . In response to detecting single-touch gesture  511  on touch screen  112 , four visual indicators  506 - 1 ,  506 - 2 ,  506 - 3 , and  506 - 4  are moved to respective locations based on the location of single-touch gesture  511  (e.g., the centroid of the four visual indicators  506 - 1 ,  506 - 2 ,  506 - 3 , and  506 - 4  is made to correspond to the location of single-touch gesture  511 ).  FIG.  5 H  also illustrates that single-touch gesture  511  moves across touch screen  112 . In response to detecting the movement of single-touch gesture  511  across touch screen  112 , the four visual indicators  506 - 1 ,  506 - 2 ,  506 - 3 , and  506 - 4  move in accordance with the movement of single-touch gesture  511  (e.g., visual indicators  506 - 1 ,  506 - 2 ,  506 - 3 , and  506 - 4  move in the direction of movement of single-touch gesture  511  at the same speed as single-touch gesture  511 ). In some embodiments, single-touch gesture  511 , when four visual indicators  506 - 1  through  506 - 4  are displayed, corresponds to a four-finger swipe-left gesture. In some embodiments, a four-finger swipe-left gesture on touch screen  112  is configured to initiate displaying a user interface of another distinct application (e.g., the user interface of an application that was displayed prior to displaying the user interface of the web browser application, such as a settings application, e-mail application, etc.). Thus, single-touch gesture  511  also initiates displaying a user interface of another distinct application. 
       FIG.  5 I  illustrates that, in response to detecting single-touch gesture  511  (e.g., simulating a four-finger swipe-left gesture) on touch screen  112 , user interface  502 -I of the settings application is displayed on touch screen  112  in place of the browser application. 
       FIG.  5 J  illustrates user interface  502 -J, where touch gesture  513  (e.g., a tap gesture) is detected at a location that corresponds to icon  510 - 2  of menu  508 , thereby selecting icon  510 - 2  in menu  508 . In some embodiments, icon  510 - 2  is called a virtual gestures icon. 
       FIG.  5 K  illustrates user interface  502 -K, where, in response to detecting selection of icon  510 - 2  (e.g., the virtual gestures icon labeled “Favorites” in  FIG.  5 J ), menu  516  is displayed on touch screen  112 . In some embodiments, menu  516  is called a menu of virtual gestures. In  FIG.  5 K , menu  516  includes a plurality of icons representing types of virtual gestures (e.g., pinch/depinch gesture  518 - 1 , curly gesture  518 - 2 , four-finger swipe-up gesture  518 - 3 , etc.). In  FIG.  5 K , touch gesture  515  (e.g., a tap gesture) is detected at a location that corresponds to icon  518 - 1 , thereby selecting pinch/depinch icon  518 - 1 . 
     User interface  502 -L shown in  FIG.  5 L  includes the user interface of the web browser application and two visual indicators  520 - 1  and  520 - 2  corresponding to pinch/depinch icon  518 - 1 . Pinch/depinch icon  518 - 1  has two corresponding visual indicators  520 - 1  and  520 - 2 , because a pinch/depinch gesture typically requires two finger contacts (e.g., a thumb and an index finger) on touch screen  112 .  FIG.  5 L  also illustrates finger gesture  517  (e.g., a tap gesture) on touch screen  112 . 
     In some embodiments, in response to single finger gesture  517  on touch screen  112 , visual indicators  520 - 1  and  520 - 2  are moved to a location that corresponds to the location of single finger gesture  517  ( FIG.  5 L ), as shown in user interface  502 -M of  FIG.  5 M . 
       FIG.  5 M  also illustrates that single finger gesture  519  is detected at a location that corresponds to one of the displayed visual indicators (e.g., visual indicator  520 - 1 ). 
     User interface  502 -N of  FIG.  5 N  illustrates that single finger gesture  519  moves across touch screen  112 , and visual indicators  520 - 1  and  520 - 2  move in accordance with the movement of single finger gesture  519  (e.g., in  FIG.  5 N , visual indicators  520 - 1  and  520 - 2  move apart from each other).  FIG.  5 N  also illustrates that the web page displayed on touch screen  112  is zoomed in, in accordance with the movement of single finger gesture  519 , as if in response to actual two finger contacts in a depinch gesture moving apart from each other on touch screen  112 . 
     Illustrated in  FIG.  5 O  is user interface  502 - 0 , which shows that touch gesture  521  (e.g., a tap gesture) is detected at a location that corresponds to four-finger swipe-up gesture icon  518 - 3  in menu  516 . 
       FIG.  5 P  shows that, in response to detecting single-touch gesture  521  ( FIG.  5 O ) at the location that corresponds to four-finger swipe-up gesture icon  518 - 3  ( FIG.  5 O ), application icon area  530  that includes a plurality of open application icons is displayed, which is the same response that occurs when an actual four-finger swipe-up gesture is detected on touch screen  112 . 
       FIG.  5 Q  illustrates user interface  502 -Q, where touch gesture  523  (e.g., a tap gesture) is detected at a location that corresponds to icon  510 - 3  of menu  508 , thereby selecting icon  510 - 3  in menu  508 . In some embodiments, icon  510 - 3  is called a virtual device icon. 
       FIG.  5 R  illustrates user interface  502 -R, where, in response to detecting selection of icon  510 - 3  (e.g., the virtual device icon) in  FIG.  5 Q , menu  522  is displayed on touch screen  112 . In some embodiments, menu  522  is called a menu of virtual device operations. In  FIG.  5 R , menu  522  includes a plurality of icons representing types of virtual device operations (e.g., rotate screen  524 - 1 , muting/unmuting  524 - 2 , shake  524 - 3 , volume down  524 - 4 , volume up  524 - 5 , lock screen  524 - 6 , etc.). In  FIG.  5 R , single-touch gesture  525  (e.g., a tap gesture) is detected at a location that corresponds to icon  524 - 1 , thereby selecting rotate screen icon  524 - 1  (also called a virtual device rotation icon). 
       FIG.  5 S  illustrates user interface  502 -S, where, in response to detecting selection of rotate screen icon  524 - 1 , menu  526  is displayed. In some embodiments, menu  526  is called a menu of virtual device orientations. Menu  526 , shown in  FIG.  5 S , includes a plurality of icons representing types of virtual device orientations (e.g., portrait orientation  528 - 1 , rotate left to landscape orientation  528 - 2 , upside down in portrait orientation  528 - 3 , rotate right to landscape orientation  528 - 4 , etc.). 
       FIG.  5 S  also illustrates that single-touch gesture  527  (e.g., a tap gesture) is detected at a location that corresponds to rotate left to landscape orientation icon  528 - 2 . 
       FIG.  5 T  shows user interface  502 -T, which is displayed in response to detecting activation of rotate left to landscape orientation icon  528 - 2  by single-touch gesture  527 . User interface  502 -T includes a portion of the same web page shown in  FIG.  5 S . However, user interface  502 -T in  FIG.  5 T  is displayed in a landscape orientation instead of the portrait orientation shown in  FIG.  5 S . 
       FIG.  5 U  illustrates user interface  502 -U, where touch gesture  523  (e.g., a tap gesture) is detected at a location that corresponds to icon  510 - 4  of menu  508 , thereby selecting icon  510 - 4  in menu  508 . In some embodiments, icon  510 - 4  is called a home button icon. 
       FIG.  5 V  illustrates exemplary user interface  502 -V displayed on touch screen  112  in response to detecting selection of icon  510 - 4  (e.g., the home button icon) in  FIG.  5 U . For example, a home screen of the device may be displayed in response to detecting selection of icon  510 - 4 . 
       FIGS.  6 A- 6 D  are flow diagrams illustrating method  600  of providing accessibility to a touch-based user interface with multitouch gestures using single touch inputs in accordance with some embodiments. Method  600  is performed at an electronic device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG.  3   , or portable multifunction device  100 ,  FIG.  1   ) with a display and a multitouch-sensitive surface configured to receive single touch inputs as well as multitouch inputs. In some embodiments, the display is a touch screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method  600  may be combined and/or the order of some operations may be changed. 
     As described below, method  600  makes devices with touch-based user interfaces that include multitouch gestures accessible to users who can provide inputs with only a single touch (e.g., a single finger or other single contact). The method makes it possible for such users to perform operations that would otherwise require multitouch interaction with the touch-sensitive surface of the device. In some embodiments, method  600  also makes devices with hardware features that require manual dexterity accessible to users who can provide inputs with only a single touch. The method makes it possible for such users to perform operations with a single touch that would otherwise require manual dexterity (e.g., rotating or shaking the device). 
     The device displays ( 602 ), on the display, a first visual indicator (e.g., visual indicator  504 ,  FIG.  5 A ). 
     In some embodiments, the first visual indicator is ( 604 ) configured to move in accordance with a touch gesture by a single touch on a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a drag gesture by one finger or a pointing device, such as a stylus). For example, in  FIGS.  5 B and  5 C , visual indicator  504  moves in accordance with touch gesture  503  on touch screen  112 . 
     In some embodiments, the first visual indicator is ( 606 ) located at a periphery of the display when no touch input is detected on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., visual indicator  504 ,  FIG.  5 A ). For example, in  FIG.  5 D , visual indicator  504  moves to a periphery of touch screen  112  when touch gesture  503  is terminated. 
     The device detects ( 608 ) a first single touch input (e.g., a tap gesture with a single finger, such as touch gesture  505 ,  FIG.  5 D ) on the touch-sensitive surface at a location that corresponds to the first visual indicator. As used in the specification and claims, a single touch input refers to an input made with a single contact, such as a one-finger contact or a single pointing device contact. In contrast, inputs that include multiple simultaneous contacts, such as two-finger, three-finger, or four-finger inputs or other multitouch inputs are not single touch inputs. 
     In response to detecting the first single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface at the location that corresponds to the first visual indicator, the device replaces ( 610 ) display of the first visual indicator with display of a first menu (e.g.,  FIG.  5 E ). The first menu includes a virtual touches selection icon (e.g., gestures icon  510 - 1  in  FIG.  5 E ). In response to detecting selection of the virtual touches selection icon, a menu of virtual multitouch contacts is displayed (e.g., menu  512 ,  FIG.  5 F ). In some embodiments, the first visual indicator is a user interface object, which, when selected by a single touch input, initiates display of the first menu. In some embodiments, in response to detecting the first single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface at the location that corresponds to the first visual indicator, the device displays the first menu and maintains display of the first visual indicator (not shown). 
     In some embodiments, the first menu includes ( 612 ) icons displayed radially about a center of the first menu (e.g., a concentric arrangement about the center). For example, menu  508  in  FIG.  5 E  includes icons  510 - 1 ,  510 - 2 ,  510 - 3 , and  510 - 4  displayed radially about a center of menu  508 . As additional examples, icons in some other menus described herein (e.g., menu  512  in  FIG.  5 F , menu  516  in  FIG.  5 K , menu  522  in  FIG.  5 R , and menu  526  in  FIG.  5 S ) are displayed radially about a center of the corresponding menu. This arrangement of icons in the menu makes each icon readily accessible. 
     In some embodiments, a first user interface is displayed ( 614 ) on the display immediately prior to detecting the first single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,  FIG.  5 D ), and the first menu is displayed over the first user interface (e.g., as a semitransparent, translucent, or opaque overlay as shown in  FIG.  5 E ). Similarly, the other menus described herein (e.g., menu  512  in  FIG.  5 F , menu  516  in  FIG.  5 K , menu  522  in  FIG.  5 R , and menu  526  in  FIG.  5 S ) may be displayed as semitransparent, translucent, or opaque overlays on an underlying standard user interface. These overlay menus help make control of the electronic device using single touch inputs quite similar to the control of the device using multitouch inputs. 
     In some embodiments, in response to detecting the first single touch input, the device displays ( 616 ) the first menu in a center region of the display. For example, in  FIG.  5 E , menu  508  is displayed in a center region of touch screen  112  when menu  508  is initially displayed. Displaying the menu in the center region of the display makes each of the options in the first menu readily accessible. Similarly, the other menus described herein may be displayed initially in the center region of touch screen  112  (e.g., menu  512  in  FIG.  5 F , menu  516  in  FIG.  5 K , menu  522  in  FIG.  5 R , and menu  526  in  FIG.  5 S ) when those menus are displayed in response to respective single touch inputs. 
     In some embodiments, the first menu is configured to move in accordance with a touch gesture on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., the first menu may be dragged across the display in accordance with a dragging gesture). 
     In some embodiments, while displaying the first menu on the display, the device detects ( 618 ) a second single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface at a location that does not correspond to the first menu (e.g., single touch gesture  599 ,  FIG.  5 E ). In response to detecting the second single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface, the device replaces display of the first menu with display of the first visual indicator (e.g., visual indicator  504 ,  FIG.  5 D ). Similarly, the other menus described herein (e.g., menu  512  of virtual multitouch contacts in  FIG.  5 F , menu  516  of virtual gestures in  FIG.  5 K , menu  522  of virtual device operations in  FIG.  5 R , menu  526  of virtual device rotations in  FIG.  5 S , or any accessible menu) may be dismissed when a single touch input is detected on the touch-sensitive surface at a location that does not correspond to the respective menu. 
     In some embodiments, while displaying the first menu on the display, the device waits ( 620 ) to detect input on the touch-sensitive surface for more than a predefined time period (e.g., 5 seconds, 10 seconds, 15 seconds, or any reasonable time period). In some embodiments, the predefined time period is set by a user (e.g., via a settings menu). In response to waiting to detect input on the touch-sensitive surface for more than the predefined time period (e.g., without detecting input on the touch-sensitive surface), the device replaces display of the first menu with display of the first visual indicator (e.g., visual indicator  504 ,  FIG.  5 D ). Similarly, the other menus described herein (e.g., menu  512  of virtual multitouch contacts in  FIG.  5 F , menu  516  of virtual gestures in  FIG.  5 K , menu  522  of virtual device operations in  FIG.  5 R , menu  526  of virtual device rotations in  FIG.  5 S , or any accessible menu) may be dismissed when input is not detected on the touch-sensitive surface within a predefined time period. 
     In some embodiments, the device detects ( 622 ,  FIG.  6 B ) selection of the virtual touches selection icon (e.g., by a single touch input, such as touch gesture  507  on icon  510 - 1 ,  FIG.  5 E ). In response to detecting selection of the virtual touches selection icon (e.g., by the single touch input), the device displays the menu of virtual multitouch contacts (e.g., menu  512 ,  FIG.  5 F ). The menu of virtual multitouch contacts includes a plurality of icons representing types of virtual multitouch contacts (e.g., two-finger contacts icon  514 - 1 , three-finger contacts icon  514 - 2 , four-finger contacts icon  514 - 3 , and five-finger contacts icon  514 - 4  in menu  512 ,  FIG.  5 F ). The device detects selection of a respective virtual multitouch contacts icon in the menu of virtual multitouch contacts (e.g., detecting selection of the virtual four-finger contacts icon  514 - 3  in  FIG.  5 F  by single touch input  509 ). In response to detecting selection of the respective virtual multitouch contacts icon in the menu of virtual multitouch contacts, the device displays one or more second visual indicators (e.g., visual indicators  506 - 1  through  506 - 4  in  FIG.  5 G ) that correspond to the respective virtual multitouch contacts icon. In some embodiments, in response to detecting selection of the respective virtual multitouch contacts icon in the menu of virtual multitouch contacts, the device also ceases to display the menu of virtual multitouch contacts (e.g., menu  512  is not displayed in  FIG.  5 G ). In some embodiments, the second visual indicators are part of a single icon that represents multiple contacts that correspond to the respective virtual multitouch contacts icon. Therefore, the one or more second visual indicators typically move in unison (e.g., moving a same distance in a same direction at a same speed). In some embodiments, the second visual indicators are multiple icons that represent multiple contacts that correspond to the respective virtual multitouch contacts icon. 
     In some embodiments, displaying the second visual indicators includes ( 624 ) displaying a number of visual indicators that correspond to the respective virtual multitouch contacts icon. For example, in response to selection of the virtual four-finger contacts icon  514 - 3  in  FIG.  5 F , four visual indicators that correspond to four virtual touches are displayed in  FIG.  5 G . Similarly, in response to selection of the virtual two-finger contacts icon  514 - 1  in  FIG.  5 F , the device displays two visual indicators that correspond to two virtual touches (not shown); in response to selection of the virtual three-finger contacts icon  514 - 2  in  FIG.  5 F , the device displays three visual indicators that correspond to four virtual touches (not shown); and, in response to selection of the virtual five-finger contacts icon  514 - 4  in  FIG.  5 F , the device displays five visual indicators that correspond to five virtual touches (not shown). 
     In some embodiments, in response to detecting selection of the respective virtual multitouch contacts icon in the menu of virtual multitouch contacts, the device ceases ( 626 ) to display the menu of virtual multitouch contacts and redisplays the first visual indicator (e.g., at a location on the periphery of the display as shown in  FIG.  5 G ). 
     In some embodiments, while displaying the one or more second visual indicators, the device detects ( 628 ) a third single touch on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a single touch of touch gesture  511 ,  FIG.  5 H ). In response to detecting the third single touch on the touch-sensitive surface, the device moves the one or more second visual indicators to a first display location on the display, where the first display location corresponds to an initial location of the third single touch on the touch-sensitive surface. For example, in  FIG.  5 H , visual indicators  506 - 1  through  506 - 4  are moved such that the centroid of visual indicators  506 - 1  through  506 - 4  is moved to a location of the third single touch. For clarity, moving a plurality of second visual indicators to the first display location does not move each visual indicator to the exact same location, which would cause the visual indicators to overlap and obscure each other. Rather, at least some separation between the plurality of visual indicators is maintained. In some embodiments, the plurality of visual indicators maintain their positions relative to each other as they are moved to respective positions about the first display location. The device detects movement of the third single touch across the touch-sensitive surface; and, in response to detecting the movement of the third single touch across the touch-sensitive surface, moves the one or more second visual indicators on the display in accordance with the movement of the third single touch across the touch-sensitive surface. While moving the one or more second visual indicators in accordance with the movement of the third single touch across the touch-sensitive surface, the device performs an operation that corresponds to the movement of the one or more second visual indicators in accordance with the movement of the third single touch across the touch-sensitive surface. For example, while moving four visual indicators  506 - 1  through  506 - 4  in accordance with left-swipe single-touch gesture  511 , the device replaces display of the web browser application with display of a settings application ( FIGS.  5 H and  5 I ). Alternatively, while moving four visual indicators  506 - 1  through  506 - 4  in accordance with a swipe-up single-touch gesture (not shown), the device may display application icon area  530  that includes a plurality of open application icons ( FIG.  5 P ). 
     In some embodiments, the device displays ( 630 ,  FIG.  6 C ) a virtual gestures icon (e.g., icon  510 - 2  in menu  508 ,  FIG.  5 J ); detects selection of the virtual gestures icon (e.g., by a single touch input, such as touch gesture  513 ,  FIG.  5 J ); and, in response to detecting selection of the virtual gestures icon (e.g., by the single touch input), displays a menu of virtual gestures (e.g., menu  516 ,  FIG.  5 K ). The menu of virtual gestures includes a plurality of icons representing types of virtual gestures (e.g., icons  518 ,  FIG.  5 K ). The device detects selection of a respective virtual gesture icon in the menu of virtual gestures (e.g., by a single touch input, such as touch gesture  515 ,  FIG.  5 K ); and, in response to detecting selection of the respective virtual gesture icon in the menu of virtual gestures (e.g., by the single touch input), performs an action that corresponds to the respective virtual gesture. For example, in response to selection of the virtual four-finger swipe up gesture icon  518 - 3  in  FIG.  5 O  by a single-finger tap gesture (not shown) on icon  518 - 3 , the device displays application icon area  530  that includes a plurality of open application icons ( FIG.  5 P ). In some embodiments, the device may perform actions corresponding to certain gestures without displaying visual indicators that correspond to the gestures (e.g., open application icon area  530  may be displayed without displaying visual indicators that correspond to the four-finger swipe up gesture). 
     In some embodiments, the device displays ( 632 ) a virtual gestures icon (e.g., icon  510 - 2  in menu  508 ,  FIG.  5 J ); detects selection of the virtual gestures icon (e.g., by a single touch input, such as touch gesture  513 ,  FIG.  5 J ); and, in response to detecting selection of the virtual gestures icon (e.g., by the single touch input), displays a menu of virtual gestures (e.g., menu  516 ,  FIG.  5 K ). The menu of virtual gestures includes a plurality of icons representing types of virtual gestures (e.g., virtual two-finger pinch/depinch gesture icon  518 - 1 , virtual curly gesture icon  518 - 2 , and virtual four-finger swipe up gesture icon  518 - 3 ,  FIG.  5 I ). The device detects selection of a respective virtual gesture icon in the menu of virtual gestures (e.g., by a single touch input, such as touch gesture  515 ,  FIG.  5 K ); and, in response to detecting selection of the respective virtual gesture icon in the menu of virtual gestures (e.g., by the single touch input), displays a number of visual indicators that correspond to the respective virtual gesture icon. For example, in response to selection of virtual two-finger pinch/depinch gesture icon  518 - 1  in  FIG.  5 K , two visual indicators that correspond to two virtual touches are displayed in  FIG.  5 L . The device detects a fourth single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface; and, in response to detecting the fourth single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface, performs an operation in accordance with the respective virtual gesture. For example, in  FIGS.  5 M and  5 N , single-touch gesture  519  on touch screen  112  moves two visual indicators  520 - 1  and  520 - 2  and displays the user interface at a different magnification (e.g., a zooming operation in accordance with a virtual depinch gesture). 
     In some embodiments, in response to detecting the fourth single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface, the device moves ( 634 ) the displayed visual indicators that correspond to the respective virtual gesture to simulate movement of multiple contacts on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., in  FIGS.  5 M and  5 N , single-touch gesture  519  on touch screen  112  moves two visual indicators  520 - 1  and  520 - 2 ). 
     In some embodiments, the device displays ( 636 ) a pinch/depinch gesture icon (e.g., pinch/depinch gesture icon  518 - 1  in first menu  516  or in a virtual gestures menu); detects selection of the virtual pinch/depinch gesture icon (e.g., by a single touch input on the virtual pinch/depinch gesture icon, such as touch gesture  515 ,  FIG.  5 K ); and, in response to detecting selection of the virtual pinch/depinch gesture icon, displays two visual indicators that correspond to contacts in the virtual pinch/depinch gesture (e.g., visual indicators  520 - 1  and  520 - 2 ,  FIG.  5 L ). The device detects a fifth single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch gesture  519 ,  FIG.  5 M ); and, in response to detecting the fifth single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface, performs an operation in accordance with the virtual pinch/depinch gesture. In some embodiments, while the two visual indicators that correspond to contacts in the virtual pinch/depinch gesture are displayed, single touch inputs detected on the touch-sensitive surface are used to perform actions that correspond to an actual pinch/depinch gesture on the touch-sensitive surface. For example, a single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface may be used to move the two visual indicators  520 - 1  and  520 - 2  apart (depinch) and zoom in the display. Conversely, a single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface may be used to move the two visual indicators  520 - 1  and  520 - 2  together (pinch) and zoom out the display. Thus, a user can use a single touch input to operate an electronic device with a multitouch-based user interface (e.g., perform virtual gestures on the display, etc.), without using multiple fingers. 
     In some embodiments, a zooming operation (e.g., zooming in the display or zooming out the display) is performed ( 638 ) in accordance with the virtual pinch/depinch gesture (e.g., see the zoomed-in user interface  502 -N in  FIG.  5 N ). 
     In some embodiments, the device displays ( 640 ,  FIG.  6 D ) a virtual device icon (e.g., icon  510 - 3  in first menu  508 , as shown in  FIG.  5 Q ); detects selection of the virtual device icon (e.g., by a single touch input, such as touch gesture  523 ,  FIG.  5 Q ); and, in response to detecting selection of the virtual device icon, displays a menu of virtual device operations (e.g., menu  522  in  FIG.  5 R ). The menu of virtual device operations includes a plurality of icons representing types of virtual device operations (e.g., icons  524  in  FIG.  5 R ). Exemplary virtual device operations may include operations that are normally performed via physical controls on the electronic device, such as: muting and unmuting the ringer and sound effects on the device, which is normally performed via a mute switch; locking the device, which is normally initiated via a lock/unlock switch; increase volume, which is normally performed via a volume up button; decrease volume, which is normally performed via a volume down button. Exemplary virtual device operations may also include shaking the electronic device to perform a predefined operation (e.g., an undo operation) and rotating the electronic device to rotate the display orientation. Operations like shaking and rotation are typically detected via an accelerometer and/or a gyroscope in the electronic device. The device detects selection of a respective virtual device operation icon in the menu of virtual device operations (e.g., by a single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface, such as touch gesture  525  at a location corresponding to virtual device rotation icon  524 - 1 ,  FIG.  5 R ); and, in response to detecting selection of the respective virtual device operation icon in the menu of virtual device operations, performs an action that corresponds to the respective virtual device operation. For example, in response to selection of virtual device lock screen icon  524 - 6  in  FIG.  5 R , the device locks the screen of the device or launches a screen saver application (not shown). Thus, a user can also use single touch inputs on the touch-sensitive surface to operate the physical controls on the electronic device, even though the user does not actually touch the physical controls on the device. 
     In some embodiments, the device displays ( 642 ) a virtual device rotation icon (e.g., icon  524 - 1  in menu  522  of virtual device operations,  FIG.  5 R ); detects selection of the virtual device rotation icon (e.g., by a single touch input, such as gesture  525 , in  FIG.  5 R ); and, in response to detecting selection of the virtual device rotation icon, displays a menu of virtual device orientations (e.g., menu  526 ,  FIG.  5 S ). The menu of virtual device orientations includes a plurality of icons representing types of virtual device orientations (e.g., virtual portrait orientation icon  528 - 1 , virtual landscape orientation left icon  528 - 2 , virtual landscape orientation right icon  528 - 4 , and virtual upside down portrait orientation icon  528 - 3 ,  FIG.  5 S ). The device detects selection of a respective virtual device orientation icon in the menu of virtual device orientations (e.g., by a single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface, such as touch gesture  527  at a location corresponding to virtual landscape orientation left icon  528 - 2 ); and, in response to detecting selection of the respective virtual device orientation icon in the menu of virtual device orientations, orients the display in accordance with the respective virtual device orientation. For example, in response to selection of the virtual landscape orientation left icon  528 - 2  in  FIG.  5 S , the device changes the orientation of the user interface to that shown in  FIG.  5 T . 
     In some embodiments, the device includes ( 644 ) a home button (e.g., a virtual home button displayed on the display or a physical home button  204  separate from the display,  FIG.  2   ). The device displays a home button icon (e.g., icon  510 - 4 , in first menu  508 ,  FIG.  5 U , or in the menu of virtual device operations); detects selection of the home button icon (e.g., by a single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface, such as touch gesture  529  at a location corresponding to icon  510 - 4 ); and, in response to detecting selection of the home button icon, performs an action that corresponds to activation of the home button. For example, in response to selection of home button icon  510 - 4  in  FIG.  5 U , home screen  502 -V is displayed in  FIG.  5 V , just as if the home button  204  ( FIG.  2   ) had been pressed. 
     Note that details of the processes described above with respect to method  600  are also applicable in an analogous manner to the other methods described herein, including methods  700 ,  800 ,  900 ,  1000 ,  1100 , and  1200  described below. For brevity, these details are not repeated below. 
       FIG.  7    is a flow diagram illustrating method  700  of using a menu of virtual multitouch contacts icon in accordance with some embodiments. Method  700  is performed at an electronic device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG.  3   , or portable multifunction device  100 ,  FIG.  1   ) with a display and a multitouch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is a touch screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method  700  may be combined and/or the order of some operations may be changed. 
     As described below, method  700  uses a menu of virtual multitouch contacts in conjunction with a single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface to select a type of multitouch contact being emulated. This enables the user to perform, without using multiple fingers, multitouch operations that would otherwise require interaction with the touch-sensitive surface of the electronic device using multiple fingers. 
     The device displays ( 702 ) a menu of virtual multitouch contacts (e.g., menu  512 ,  FIG.  5 F ). The menu of virtual multitouch contacts includes a plurality of icons representing types of virtual multitouch contacts (e.g., two-finger contacts icon  514 - 1 , three-finger contacts icon  514 - 2 , four-finger contacts icon  514 - 3 , and five-finger contacts icon  514 - 4  in menu  512 ,  FIG.  5 F ). 
     The device detects ( 704 ) selection of a respective virtual multitouch contacts icon in the menu of virtual multitouch contacts by a single touch input (e.g., touch gesture  509 ,  FIG.  5 F ); and, in response to detecting selection of the respective virtual multitouch contacts icon in the menu of virtual multitouch contacts by the single touch input, displays ( 706 ) one or more second visual indicators that correspond to the respective virtual multitouch contacts icon (e.g., visual indicators  506 - 1  through  506 - 4 ,  FIG.  5 O ). In some embodiments, in response to detecting selection of the respective virtual multitouch contacts icon in the menu of virtual multitouch contacts, the device also ceases to display the menu of virtual multitouch contacts. In some embodiments, the second visual indicators are part of a single icon that represents multiple contacts that correspond to the respective virtual multitouch contacts icon. In some embodiments, the second visual indicators are multiple icons that represent multiple contacts that correspond to the respective virtual multitouch contacts icon. 
       FIG.  8    is a flow diagram illustrating a method  800  of using a menu of virtual gestures in accordance with some embodiments. Method  800  is performed at an electronic device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG.  3   , or portable multifunction device  100 ,  FIG.  1   ) with a display and a multitouch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is a touch screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method  800  may be combined and/or the order of some operations may be changed. 
     As described below, method  800  uses a menu of virtual gestures m conjunction with a single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface to select and emulate actual gestures on a touch-sensitive surface. This allows a user to make, without using multiple fingers, virtual multitouch gestures that produce the same results as those obtained by interacting with the touch-sensitive surface of the electronic device using multiple fingers. 
     The device displays ( 802 ) a menu of virtual gestures (e.g., menu  516 ,  FIG.  5 K ). The menu of virtual gestures includes a plurality of icons representing types of virtual gestures (e.g., virtual two-finger pinch/depinch gesture icon  518 - 1 , virtual curly gesture icon  518 - 2 , and virtual four-finger swipe up gesture icon  518 - 3 ,  FIG.  5 K ). 
     The device detects ( 804 ) selection of a respective virtual gesture icon in the menu of virtual gestures by a single touch input (e.g., touch gesture  515 ,  FIG.  5 K ); and, in response to detecting selection of the respective virtual gesture icon in the menu of virtual gestures by the single touch input, displays ( 806 ) a number of visual indicators that correspond to the respective virtual gesture icon. For example, in response to selection of the virtual two-finger pinch/depinch gesture icon  518 - 1  in  FIG.  5 K , two visual indicators that correspond to two virtual touches are displayed in  FIG.  5 L . 
     The device detects ( 808 ) a second single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface; and, in response to detecting the second single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface, performs ( 810 ) an operation in accordance with the respective virtual gesture. For example, in  FIGS.  5 M and  5 N , single touch input  519  moves visual indicators  520 - 1  and  520 - 2  and displays the user interface at a different magnification (e.g., a zooming operation). 
       FIG.  9    is a flow diagram illustrating a method  900  of performing a virtual pinch gesture in accordance with some embodiments. Method  900  is performed at an electronic device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG.  3   , or portable multifunction device  100 ,  FIG.  1   ) with a display and a multitouch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is a touch screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method  900  may be combined and/or the order of some operations may be changed. 
     As described below, method  900  uses two visual indicators (which correspond to two virtual touches) in conjunction with a single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface to emulate pinch/depinch gestures on a touch-sensitive surface. This allows a user to perform, without using two fingers, an operation (e.g., zooming) that would otherwise require interaction with the touch-sensitive surface of the electronic device using two fingers. 
     The device displays ( 902 ) a pinch/depinch gesture icon (e.g., pinch/depinch gesture icon  518 - 1  in a virtual gestures menu,  FIG.  5 K  or in first menu  508 ,  FIG.  5 J ); detects ( 904 ) selection of the virtual pinch/depinch gesture icon by a single touch input (e.g., touch gesture  515 ,  FIG.  5 K ); and, in response to detecting selection of the virtual pinch/depinch gesture icon by the single touch input, displays ( 906 ) two visual indicators that correspond to contacts in the virtual pinch/depinch gesture (e.g.,  FIG.  5 L ). 
     The device detects ( 908 ) a second single touch input (e.g., touch gesture  519  on the touch-sensitive surface,  FIG.  5 M ); and, in response to detecting the second single touch input (e.g., on the touch-sensitive surface), performs ( 910 ) a zooming operation in accordance with the respective virtual pinch/depinch gesture (e.g., as shown in  FIGS.  5 M- 5 N ). In some embodiments, while the two visual indicators that correspond to contacts in the virtual pinch/depinch gesture are displayed, single touch inputs on the touch-sensitive surface are used to perform actions that correspond to an actual pinch/depinch gesture on the touch-sensitive surface. For example, a single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface may be used to move the two visual indicators apart (depinch) and zoom in the display. Conversely, a single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface may be used to move the two visual indicators together (pinch) and zoom out the display. Thus, a user can use a single touch input to operate an electronic device with a touch-based user interface (e.g., perform virtual multitouch gestures on the display, etc.), even though the user does not actually use multiple fingers. 
       FIG.  10    is a flow diagram illustrating a method  1000  of using a menu of virtual gestures in accordance with some embodiments. Method  1000  is performed at an electronic device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG.  3   , or portable multifunction device  100 ,  FIG.  1   ) with a display and a multitouch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is a touch screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method  1000  may be combined and/or the order of some operations may be changed. 
     As described below, method  1000  uses a menu of virtual gestures m conjunction with a single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface to select and emulate actual gestures on a touch-sensitive surface. This allows a user to make, without using multiple fingers, virtual multitouch gestures that produce the same results as those obtained by interacting with the touch-sensitive surface of the electronic device using multiple fingers. 
     The device displays ( 1002 ) a virtual gestures icon (e.g., icon  510 - 2  in first menu  508 ,  FIG.  5 J ); detects ( 1004 ) selection of the virtual gestures icon by a single touch input (e.g., touch gesture  513 ,  FIG.  5 J ); and, in response to detecting selection of the virtual gestures icon by the single touch input, displays ( 1006 ) a menu of virtual gestures (e.g., menu  516  in  FIG.  5 K ). The menu of virtual gestures includes a plurality of icons representing types of virtual gestures. 
     The device detects ( 1008 ) selection of a respective virtual gesture icon in the menu of virtual gestures by a second single input; and, in response to detecting selection of the respective virtual gesture icon in the menu of virtual gestures by the second single input, performs ( 1010 ) an action that corresponds to the respective virtual gesture. For example, in response to selection of virtual four-finger swipe up gesture icon  518 - 3  in  FIG.  5 O , the device displays application icon area  530  that includes a plurality of open application icons ( FIG.  5 P ). In some embodiments, the device may perform actions corresponding to certain gestures without displaying visual indicators that correspond to the gestures. 
       FIG.  11    is a flow diagram illustrating a method  1100  of using a menu of virtual device operations in accordance with some embodiments. Method  1100  is performed at an electronic device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG.  3   , or portable multifunction device  100 ,  FIG.  1   ) with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is a touch screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method  1100  may be combined and/or the order of some operations may be changed. 
     As described below, method  1100  uses a menu of virtual device operations in conjunction with a single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface to select and emulate operations that are normally performed via activation of physical controls on the electronic device (e.g., mute switches, lock switches, volume buttons) or in response to activity detected by an accelerometer (e.g., device shaking or device rotation). This allows a user to perform operations that would otherwise require interaction with the physical controls of the electronic device or the device as a whole. 
     The device displays ( 1102 ) a virtual device icon (e.g., icon  510 - 3  in first menu  508 ,  FIG.  5 Q ); detects ( 1104 ) selection of the virtual device icon (e.g., by a single touch input, such as touch gesture  523 ,  FIG.  5 Q ); and, in response to detecting selection of the virtual device icon, displays ( 1106 ) a menu of virtual device operations (e.g., menu  522 ,  FIG.  5 R ). The menu of virtual device operations includes a plurality of icons representing types of virtual device operations. Exemplary virtual device operations may include operations that are normally performed via physical controls on the electronic device, such as: muting and unmuting the ringer and sound effects on the device, which is normally performed via a mute switch; locking the device, which is normally initiated via a lock/unlock switch; increase volume, which is normally performed via a volume up button; decrease volume, which is normally performed via a volume down button. Exemplary virtual device operations may also include shaking the electronic device to perform a predefined operation (e.g., an undo operation) and rotating the electronic device to rotate the display orientation. Operations like shaking and rotation are typically detected via an accelerometer in the electronic device. 
     The device detects ( 1108 ) selection of a respective virtual device operation icon in the menu of virtual device operations by a second single touch input (e.g., by a single-finger tap gesture); and, in response to detecting selection of the respective virtual device operation icon in the menu of virtual device operations by the second single touch input, performs ( 1110 ) an action that corresponds to the respective virtual device operation. For example, in response to selection of virtual muting/unmuting icon  524 - 2  in  FIG.  5 R , the device mutes or unmutes the ringer and sound effects on the device. Thus, a user can also use single touch inputs to operate the physical controls on the electronic device, even though the user does not actually touch the physical controls on the device. 
       FIG.  12    is a flow diagram illustrating a method  1200  of using a menu of virtual device orientations in accordance with some embodiments. Method  1200  is performed at an electronic device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG.  3   , or portable multifunction device  100 ,  FIG.  1   ) with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is a touch screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method  1200  may be combined and/or the order of some operations may be changed. 
     As described below, method  1200  uses a menu of virtual device orientations in conjunction with a single touch input on the touch-sensitive surface to control the display orientation. This allows a user to orient the display of the electronic device without physically rotating the electronic device. 
     The device displays ( 1202 ) a virtual device rotation icon (e.g., icon  524 - 1  in virtual device menu  522 ,  FIG.  5 R ); detects ( 1204 ) selection of the virtual device rotation icon by a single touch input (e.g., touch gesture  525 ,  FIG.  5 R ); and, in response to detecting selection of the virtual device rotation icon by the single touch input, displays ( 1206 ) a menu of virtual device orientations (e.g., menu  526 ,  FIG.  5 S ). The menu of virtual device orientations includes a plurality of icons representing types of virtual device orientations (e.g., virtual portrait orientation icon  528 - 1 , virtual landscape orientation left icon  528 - 2 , virtual landscape orientation right icon  528 - 4 , and virtual upside down portrait orientation icon  528 - 3 ,  FIG.  5 S ). 
     The device detects ( 1208 ) selection of a respective virtual device orientation icon in the menu of virtual device orientations by a second single touch input (e.g., touch gesture  527 ,  FIG.  5 S ). In response to detecting selection of the respective virtual device orientation icon in the menu of virtual device orientations by the second single touch input, the device orients ( 1210 ) the display in accordance with the respective virtual device orientation. For example, in response to selection of virtual landscape orientation left icon  528 - 2  in  FIG.  5 S , the device orients the user interface on display to that shown in  FIG.  5 T   
     The operations in the information processing methods described above may be implemented by running one or more functional modules in information processing apparatus such as general purpose processors or application specific chips. These modules, combinations of these modules, and/or their combination with general hardware (e.g., as described above with respect to  FIGS.  1 A and  3   ) are all included within the scope of protection of the invention. 
     The operations described above with reference to  FIGS.  6 A- 6 D,  7 ,  8 ,  9 ,  10 ,  11 , and  12    may be implemented by components depicted in  FIGS.  1 A- 1 B . For example, detecting operation  608 , display replacing operation  610 , and performing operation  628  may be implemented by event sorter  170 , event recognizer  180 , and event handler  190 . Event monitor  171  in event sorter  170  detects a contact on touch-sensitive display  112 , and event dispatcher module  174  delivers the event information to application  136 - 1 . A respective event recognizer  180  of application  136 - 1  compares the event information to respective event definitions  186 , and determines whether a single touch input detected on touch-sensitive display  112  corresponds to a predefined event or sub-event, such as selection of an object on a user interface. When a respective predefined event or sub-event is detected, event recognizer  180  activates an event handler  190  associated with the detection of the event or sub-event. Event handler  190  may utilize or call data updater  176  or object updater  177  to update the application internal state  192 . In some embodiments, event handler  190  accesses a respective GUI updater  178  to update what is displayed by the application. Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in the art how other processes can be implemented based on the components depicted in  FIGS.  1 A- 1 B . 
     The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20201019
Publication Date: 20240402
Grant Date: 20240402
Priority Date: 20111229
Inventors: SEYMOUR, ERIC T.
FLEIZACH, CHRISTOPHER B.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/041", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0482", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04842", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0488", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04104", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04808", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0488", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0416", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04817", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F9/445", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0482", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04842", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04104", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/147", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04808", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04808", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/041", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0488", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0482", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04842", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04104", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 47044870