PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-12130670-B2
Application Number: US-202217934288-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Electronic device

Abstract:
An electronic device includes a housing sidewall defining an opening and a display component, such as a display cover, disposed in the opening to form a gap between the housing sidewall and the display component. In at least one example, the cavity is defined by the sidewall and the display cover with the cavity in fluid communication with an external environment through the gap. In at least one example, an epoxy component at least partially defines the cavity and can be in direct contact with the housing sidewall.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An electronic device, comprising:
 a housing defining an internal volume and an aperture; 
 a button disposed in the aperture, the button including a plunger extending into the internal volume; and 
 a speaker frame disposed in the internal volume and defining an opening; 
 wherein the plunger extends through the opening. 
 
     
     
       2. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the speaker frame supports a first speaker and a second speaker. 
     
     
       3. The electronic device of  claim 2 , wherein the opening is defined between the first speaker and the second speaker. 
     
     
       4. The electronic device of  claim 2 , wherein the plunger extends between the first speaker and the second speaker. 
     
     
       5. The electronic device of  claim 2 , further comprising:
 a speaker assembly including the first speaker, the second speaker, and the speaker frame; 
 the speaker assembly and the housing defining a front volume. 
 
     
     
       6. The electronic device of  claim 5 , further comprising an inner housing separated from the housing, the speaker assembly disposed between the housing and the inner housing. 
     
     
       7. The electronic device of  claim 6 , further comprising a back volume defined by the inner housing and the speaker assembly, the back volume separated from the front volume by the speaker assembly. 
     
     
       8. The electronic device of  claim 7 , wherein the plunger extends through the front volume into the back volume. 
     
     
       9. The electronic device of  claim 8 , further comprising a gasket surrounding the plunger, the gasket forming a fluid-tight seal between the front volume and the back volume. 
     
     
       10. An electronic device, comprising:
 a housing defining an internal volume; 
 a plunger extending into the internal volume; and 
 a frame structurally supporting a first speaker and a second speaker, the frame disposed in the internal volume and defining an opening between the first and second speakers; 
 wherein the plunger is aligned with the opening. 
 
     
     
       11. The electronic device of  claim 10 , wherein the plunger extends through the opening. 
     
     
       12. The electronic device of  claim 10 , wherein the housing defines an aperture. 
     
     
       13. The electronic device of  claim 12 , further comprising a button disposed in the aperture. 
     
     
       14. The electronic device of  claim 13 , wherein the plunger extends from the button into the internal volume. 
     
     
       15. The electronic device of  claim 14 , further comprising a gasket forming a fluid-tight seal between the plunger and the frame. 
     
     
       16. The electronic device of  claim 15 , wherein the gasket comprises an O-ring disposed around the plunger. 
     
     
       17. An electronic device, comprising:
 an outer housing defining an aperture; 
 an inner housing spaced part from the outer housing and defining an internal volume, the inner housing and the outer housing defining a speaker volume; 
 a button having a plunger, the button disposed in the aperture; and 
 a speaker assembly including a speaker frame defining a hole; 
 wherein the plunger is aligned with the hole and extends into the speaker volume toward the inner housing. 
 
     
     
       18. The electronic device of  claim 17 , further comprising an electrical contact disposed on the inner housing. 
     
     
       19. The electronic device of  claim 18 , wherein the plunger is aligned with the electrical contact. 
     
     
       20. The electronic device of  claim 19 , wherein the speaker frame is disposed between the inner housing and the outer housing to define:
 a front volume between the frame and the outer housing; and 
 a back volume between the frame and the inner housing.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S) 
     This claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/374,738, filed 6 Sep. 2022, and entitled “ELECTRONIC DEVICE,” to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/364,012, filed 2 May 2022, and entitled “ELECTRONIC DEVICE,” and to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/266,829, filed 14 Jan. 2022, and entitled “ELECTRONIC DEVICE,” the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates generally to electronic devices. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to wearable electronic devices. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Electronic devices are increasingly being designed with device portability in mind, for example, to allow users to use these devices in a wide variety of situations and environments. In the context of wearable devices, these devices can be designed to include many different functionalities and to be operated in many different locations and environments. The components of an electronic device, for example, the processors, memory, antennas, display, and other components can partially determine a level of performance of the electronic device. Further, the arrangement of these components with respect to one another in the device can also determine the level of overall performance of the electronic device. 
     Continued advances in electronic devices and their components have enabled considerable increases in performance. Existing components and structures for electronic devices can, however, limit the levels of performance of such devices. For example, while some components can achieve high levels of performance in some situations, the inclusion of multiple components in devices sized to enhance portability can limit the performance of the components, and thus, the performance of the device. Consequently, further tailoring and arrangement of components for electronic devices to provide additional or enhanced functionality, without introducing or increasing undesirable device properties, can be desirable. 
     SUMMARY 
     In at least one example of the present disclosure, a housing sidewall can define an opening and a display component, such as a display cover, can be disposed in the opening to form a gap between the housing sidewall and the display component. In at least one example, the cavity is defined by the sidewall and the display cover, with the cavity in fluid communication with an external environment through the gap. In at least one example, an epoxy component at least partially defines the cavity and can be in direct contact with the housing sidewall. 
     In at least one example of an electronic device, a housing sidewall includes an upper sidewall portion and a lower sidewall portion bonded to a middle sidewall portion disposed between the upper and lower sidewall portions. The housing can define an opening and the display assembly can be disposed in the opening to form the gap between the housing and the display assembly. Also, in at least one example, an epoxy component can serve as a seal disposed between the display assembly and the sidewall, the epoxy extending laterally across the gap with the epoxy component seal bonded directly to the middle portion of the sidewall. 
     In at least one embodiment, an electronic device can include a sidewall defining an internal volume and an opening. The sidewall can include an upper portion, a lower portion, and a middle portion disposed between and bonded to the upper portion and the lower portion. The device can also include a display cover disposed in the opening and defining the internal volume, a side cavity defined by the display assembly and the sidewall, the cavity in fluid communication with an external environment through a gap formed between the display assembly and the sidewall, and an epoxy layer contacting the lower portion and the middle portion and at least partially defining the cavity. 
     In at least one example embodiment, an electronic device can include an outer housing defining an internal volume, a first speaker and a second speaker disposed in the internal volume. The first speaker can include a frame disposed around a periphery of a diaphragm of the first speaker. A front volume can be defined by the outer housing, the first speaker, and the second speaker. Similarly, a first back volume can be defined by the first speaker and the frame, and a second back volume can be defined by the second speaker and the frame. 
     In at least one embodiment, an electronic device can include an outer housing, an inner housing spaced apart from the outer housing, and a speaker assembly disposed between the inner and outer housings. The speaker assembly can include a first speaker, a second speaker, and a speaker frame supporting the first speaker. The device can further include a first back volume defined by the inner housing and the first speaker, and a second back volume defined by the inner housing and the second speaker, the second back volume separated from the first back volume by the speaker frame. 
     In at least one example, an electronic device can include an outer housing, an inner housing, and a speaker assembly disposed between the inner housing and the outer housing. The speaker assembly can include a first speaker and a second speaker. The electronic device can further include a front volume defined by the outer housing and the speaker assembly, a back volume defined by the inner housing and the speaker assembly, a first vent through which a first end of the front volume is in fluid communication with an external environment, and a second vent through which a second end of the front volume is in fluid communication with the external environment. The back volume can be separated into first and second isolated portions. 
     In at least one embodiment, an electronic device can include a housing defining an internal volume and an aperture, a button disposed in the aperture, the button including a plunger extending into the internal volume, and a speaker frame disposed in the internal volume and defining an opening. The plunger can extend through the opening. 
     In at least one embodiment, an electronic device can include a housing defining an internal volume, a plunger extending into the internal volume, and a frame structurally supporting a first speaker and a second speaker. The frame can be disposed in the internal volume and define an opening between the first and second speakers. The plunger can be aligned with the opening. 
     In at least one embodiment, an electronic device can include an outer housing defining an aperture, an inner housing spaced apart from the outer housing and defining an internal volume, the inner housing and the outer housing defining a speaker volume, a button having a plunger, the button disposed in the aperture, and a speaker assembly including a speaker frame defining a hole. The plunger can be aligned with the hole and can extend into the speaker volume toward the inner housing. 
     In at least one embodiment, an electronic device can include a sidewall including an antenna and defining an internal volume, a printed circuit board (PCB) disposed in the internal volume, an insulating material disposed in the internal volume, and an electrical connector contacting the PCB, the electrical connector extending through the insulating material and forming an electrical contact between the antenna and the PCB. 
     In at least one exemplary embodiment, an electronic device can include a conductive housing sidewall defining an internal volume, a printed circuit board (PCB) disposed in the internal volume, an electrical connector contacting the PCB and extending through an insulating material, and an elongate conductive member disposed between the housing sidewall and the electrical connector, the elongate conductive member contacting the electrical connector and the housing sidewall. 
     In at least one embodiment, an electronic device includes a housing sidewall including a lower portion and an electrically conductive upper portion separated from the lower portion by a non-conductive material, the housing sidewall defining an internal volume and an opening, a display component disposed in the opening, a printed circuit board (PCB) disposed in internal volume below the display component, an insulating material disposed in the internal volume between the housing sidewall and the PCB, and a connector forming an electrical pathway between the upper conductive portion of the sidewall and the PCB. The upper portion can form a ring surrounding a periphery of the display component. 
     In at least one embodiment, a wearable electronic device can include a housing having a sidewall. The sidewall can define an internal volume, the sidewall extending 360-degrees circumferentially around the internal volume. The sidewall can also define a first aperture, a second aperture between about 155 and 205 degrees relative to the first aperture, and a third aperture closer to the second aperture than the first aperture. The wearable electronic device can further include a first microphone disposed in the internal volume and configured to receive sound through the first aperture, a second microphone disposed in the internal volume and configured to receive sound through the second aperture, and a third microphone disposed in the internal volume and configured to receive sound through the third aperture. 
     In at least one embodiment, a wearable electronic device can include a housing sidewall defining an internal volume, a first band receiving feature, a second band receiving feature opposite the first band receiving feature, a first sidewall portion extending between the first band receiving feature and the second band receiving feature, the first sidewall portion defining a first aperture closer to the first band receiving feature than the second band receiving feature, a second sidewall portion disposed opposite the first sidewall portion and extending between the first band receiving feature and the second band receiving feature, the second sidewall portion defining a second aperture and a third aperture, the second aperture defined closer to the second band receiving feature than the first band receiving feature. The wearable electronic device can further include a first microphone disposed in the internal volume adjacent the first aperture, a second microphone disposed in the internal volume adjacent the second aperture, and a third microphone disposed in the internal volume adjacent the third aperture. 
     In at least one example of the present disclosure, an electronic device can include a sidewall defining an internal volume, a first aperture, a second aperture, a third aperture, and a fourth aperture, a first microphone disposed in the internal volume adjacent the first aperture, a second microphone disposed in the internal volume adjacent the second aperture, a third microphone disposed in the internal volume adjacent the third aperture, and a speaker disposed in the internal volume adjacent the fourth aperture. A distance along the sidewall between the first and second apertures can be larger than a distance along the sidewall between the second and third apertures and the fourth aperture can be adjacent the first aperture. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The disclosure will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like structural elements, and in which: 
         FIG.  1 A  shows an example of a wearable electronic device; 
         FIG.  1 B  shows a top view of a portion of the wearable electronic device; 
         FIG.  1 C  shows a bottom view of a portion of the wearable electronic device; 
         FIG.  2 A  shows a perspective view of an example of a wearable electronic device; 
         FIG.  2 B  shows a perspective view of an example of a wearable electronic device; 
         FIG.  2 C  shows an exploded view of an example of a wearable electronic device; 
         FIG.  3    shows an exploded view of an example of a wearable electronic device; 
         FIG.  4    shows a portion of a sidewall of an example of a wearable electronic device; 
         FIG.  5 A  shows a cross-sectional view of a sidewall of an example of a wearable electronic device; 
         FIG.  5 B  shows another cross-sectional view of a sidewall of an example of a wearable electronic device; 
         FIG.  5 C  shows another cross-sectional view of a sidewall of an example of a wearable electronic device; 
         FIG.  6    shows a cross sectional view of an interface between a plastic and metal portion of a sidewall of an example of an electronic device; 
         FIG.  7 A  shows another view of the interface of  FIG.  6   ; 
         FIG.  7 B  shows another view of the interface of  FIG.  6   ; 
         FIG.  7 C  shows another view of the interface of  FIG.  6   ; 
         FIG.  8    shows a method of bonding a metal substrate to a non-metal substrate; 
         FIG.  9 A  shows a cross-sectional view of a sidewall and internal components of an example of a wearable electronic device; 
         FIG.  9 B  shows another cross-sectional view of a sidewall and internal components of an example of a wearable electronic device; 
         FIG.  9 C  shows another cross-sectional view of a sidewall and internal components of an example of a wearable electronic device; 
         FIG.  10 A  shows a top perspective view of a housing sidewall of an example of an electronic device; 
         FIG.  10 B  shows a top view of the housing sidewall of  FIG.  10 A ; 
         FIG.  10 C  shows a close up top view of a portion of the housing sidewall of  FIG.  10 A ; 
         FIG.  11    shows a cross-sectional view of a sidewall and internal components of an example of a wearable electronic device; 
         FIG.  12    shows a top view of a portion of an example of an electronic device including a printed circuit board (PCB) and surrounding electrical contacts; 
         FIG.  13    shows a top view of a portion of an example of an electronic device including a printed circuit board (PCB) and surrounding electrical contacts; 
         FIG.  14 A  shows a cross-sectional view of a sidewall and internal components of an example of a wearable electronic device; 
         FIG.  14 B  shows a cross-sectional view of a sidewall and internal components of an example of a wearable electronic device; 
         FIG.  15 A  shows a side view of an example of a wearable electronic device; 
         FIG.  15 B  shows a cross sectional view thereof; 
         FIG.  15 C  shows a circuit diagram equivalent of the device shown in  FIGS.  15 A and  15 B  worn by a user; 
         FIG.  16    shows a PCB of an example of an electronic device; 
         FIG.  17    shows a portion of a PCB of an example of an electronic device; 
         FIG.  18    shows a portion of a PCB of an example of an electronic device; 
         FIG.  19    shows a temperature sensor disposed on an ALS module of an example of an electronic device; 
         FIG.  20 A  shows a cross sectional view of a portion of an example of an electronic device; 
         FIG.  20 B  shows a close up view of the portion of  FIG.  20 A ; 
         FIG.  20 C  shows an example of a speaker frame; 
         FIG.  20 D  shows an example of a speaker assembly of an electronic device; 
         FIG.  20 E  shows the speaker assembly of  FIG.  20 D  with an example of a button; 
         FIG.  20 F  shows another cross sectional view of the speaker assembly of  FIG.  20 E ; 
         FIG.  20 G  shows another cross sectional view of the speaker and button assembly of  FIG.  20 E ; 
         FIG.  20 H  shows another cross sectional view of the speaker and button assembly of  FIG.  20 E ; 
         FIG.  20 I  shows another cross sectional view of the speaker and button assembly of  FIG.  20 F ; 
         FIG.  20 J  shows another cross sectional view of the speaker and button assembly of  FIG.  20 F ; 
         FIG.  20 K  shows another cross sectional view of the speaker and button assembly of  FIG.  20 F ; 
         FIG.  21    shows another cross sectional view of the speaker assembly of  FIG.  20 E ; 
         FIG.  22    shows a user riding a bike while wearing an example of a wearable electronic device; 
         FIG.  23    shows an example of an electronic device subjected to wind; 
         FIG.  24    shows an example of an electronic device subjected to wind from various directions; 
         FIG.  25    shows a top view of an example of an electronic device; 
         FIG.  26    shows a top view of an example of an electronic device; 
         FIG.  27    shows a top view of an example of an electronic device; and 
         FIG.  28    shows a top view of an example of an electronic device. 
         FIG.  29 A  shows a bottom view of an example of an electronic device; 
         FIG.  29 B  shows a cross sectional view of a rear cover of an example of an electronic device; 
         FIG.  30    shows a partial cross-sectional view of a rear cover and a fastener of an example of an electronic device; 
         FIG.  31    shows a partial cross-sectional view of a rear cover and a fastener of an example of an electronic device; 
         FIG.  32    shows an example of a rear cover fastener; 
         FIG.  33 A  shows another example of a rear cover fastener; 
         FIG.  33 B  shows another example of a rear cover fastener; 
         FIG.  34    shows a top view of another example of a fastener; 
         FIG.  35    shows a top view of another example of a fastener; 
         FIG.  36 A  shows a top view of another example of a fastener; 
         FIG.  36 B  shows a side view thereof; 
         FIG.  37    shows a method of forming the fastener shown in  FIG.  36 A  and  FIG.  36 B ; 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Reference will now be made in detail to representative examples illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the following descriptions are not intended to limit the embodiments to one preferred example or embodiment. To the contrary, it is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as can be included within the spirit and scope of the described embodiments as defined by the appended claims. 
     The following disclosure generally relates to electronic devices. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to wearable electronic devices. The wearable electronic devices of the present disclosure include tailored arrangements of components to provide additional or enhanced functionality, without introducing or increasing undesirable device properties or performance. In this way, more functionality and componentry can be included in wearable devices for user&#39;s to wear and operate in any condition or activity without limiting the functionality and durability of the devices. 
     Specific examples and embodiments of electronic devices, including wearable electronic devices, are discussed below with reference to  FIGS.  1 - 28   . However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the detailed description given herein with respect to these Figures is for explanatory purposes only and should not be construed as limiting. Furthermore, as used herein, a system, a method, an article, a component, a feature, or a sub-feature comprising at least one of a first option, a second option, or a third option should be understood as referring to a system, a method, an article, a component, a feature, or a sub-feature that can include one of each listed option (e.g., only one of the first option, only one of the second option, or only one of the third option), multiple of a single listed option (e.g., two or more of the first option), two options simultaneously (e.g., one of the first option and one of the second option), or combination thereof (e.g., two of the first option and one of the second option). 
       FIG.  1 A  shows an example of an electronic device  100 . The electronic device shown in  FIG.  1 A  is a watch, such as a smartwatch. The smartwatch of  FIG.  1 A  is merely one representative example of a device that can be used in conjunction with the systems and methods disclosed herein. Electronic device  100  can correspond to any form of wearable electronic device, a portable media player, a media storage device, a portable digital assistant (“PDA”), a tablet computer, a computer, a mobile communication device, a GPS unit, a remote control device, or other electronic device. The electronic device  100  can be referred to as an electronic device, or a consumer device. In some examples, the electronic device  100  can include a housing  102  that can carry operational components, for example, in an internal volume at least partially defined by the housing. The electronic device  100  can also include a strap  104 , or other retaining component that can secured the device  100  to a body of a user as desired. Further details of the electronic device are provided below with reference to  FIG.  1 B . 
       FIG.  1 B  illustrates the electronic device  100 , for example a smartwatch, that can be substantially similar to and can include some or all of the features of the devices described herein, including the electronic device  100  shown in  FIG.  1 A  but without the strap  104 . The device  100  can include a housing  102 , and a display assembly  106  attached to the housing  102 . The housing  102  can substantially define at least a portion of an exterior surface of the device  100 . 
     The display assembly  106  can include a glass, a plastic, or any other substantially transparent exterior layer, material, component, or assembly. The display assembly  106  can include multiple layers, with each layer providing a unique function, as described herein. Accordingly, the display assembly  106  can be, or can be a part of, an interface component. The display assembly  106  can define a front exterior surface of the device  100  and, as described herein, this exterior surface can be considered an interface surface. In some examples, the interface surface defined by display assembly  106  can receive inputs, such as touch inputs, from a user. 
     In some examples, the housing  102  can be a substantially continuous or unitary component and can define one or more openings to receive components of the electronic device  100 . In some examples, the device  100  can include input components such as one or more buttons  108  and/or a crown  110  that can be disposed in the openings. In some examples, a material can be disposed between the buttons  108  and/or crown  110  and the housing  102  to provide an airtight and/or watertight seal at the locations of the openings. The housing  102  can also define one or more openings or apertures, such as aperture  112  that can allow for sound to pass into or out of the internal volume defined by the housing  102 . For example, the aperture  112  can be in communication with a microphone component disposed in the internal volume. In some examples, the housing  102  can define or include a feature, such as an indentation to removably couple the housing  102  and a strap or retaining component. 
       FIG.  1 C  shows a bottom perspective view of the electronic device  100 . The device  100  can include a back cover  114  that can be attached to the housing  102 , for example, opposite the display assembly  106 . The back cover  114  can include ceramic, plastic, metal, or combinations thereof. In some examples, the back cover  114  can include an at least partially electromagnetically transparent component  116 . The electromagnetically transparent component  116  can be transparent to any desired wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, such as visible light, infrared light, radio waves, or combinations thereof. In some examples, the electromagnetically transparent component  116  can allow sensors and/or emitters disposed in the housing  102  to communicate with the external environment. Together, the housing  102 , display assembly  106  and back cover  114  can substantially define an internal volume and an external surface of the device  100 . 
     Any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in  FIGS.  1 A- 1 C  can be included, either alone or in any combination, in any of the other examples of devices, features, components, and parts shown in the other figures. Likewise, any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in the other figures can be included, either alone or in any combination, in the example of the devices, features, components, and parts shown in  FIGS.  1 A- 1 C . 
     As noted above, portable and wearable electronic devices can be designed to be used in many different environments and during any kind of activity throughout a user&#39;s day. For example, wearable electronic watches, headphones, and phones can be carried by a user during exercise, sleep, driving, biking, hiking, swimming, diving, outside in the rain, outside in the sun, and so forth. Wearable electronic devices described herein are configured to withstand the varied and often harsh conditions of various environments, including changing environments and wet environments. Wet environments can include wearing devices in the rain or when submerged during bathing or swimming, for example. 
     Examples of electronic devices disclosed herein include components, features, arrangements, and configurations that resists damage and corrosion due to exposure to moisture. Some aspects of devices described herein can include gaps between components through which moisture, water, or other fluids could enter. The gaps may be present for aesthetic purposes or for functional purposes. However, one or more components, including epoxy seals, insulating materials and frames, and other components of devices described herein can be configured to prevent such moisture from entering into the internal volume of the device where sensitive electronic component could be damaged thereby. 
     Along these lines,  FIGS.  2 A and  2 B  show right and left perspective views, respectively, of an example of a wearable electronic device  200  including a housing  202  including sidewalls  228  defining an opening in which the display cover  222  is disposed. The sidewalls can include an upper portion  232  defining an upper peripheral edge surrounding the display cover  222 , a lower portion  234 , and a middle portion  236  disposed between the upper portion  232  and the lower portion  234 . The wearable electronic device  200  can also include a securement strap  203  configured to secure the wearable electronic device  200  to an appendage of the user. In at least one example, the sidewalls  228  of the housing  202  can define an upper peripheral edge of the device  200  surrounding the display cover  222 . 
     In at least one example, the display cover  222  defines a top surface disposed in a plane. The plane can be flush with or set below the upper peripheral edge of the sidewalls  228 . In this way, when the wearable electronic device  200  comes into contact with a surface or object at or near the upper surface of the display cover  222  and/or the upper peripheral edge of the sidewalls  228 , contact and potential damage to the display cover  222  can be reduced. In one example, the display cover  222  is set flush with or below the upper peripheral edges of the sidewalls  228  to protect the display cover  222  from damage. 
     In at least one example, as shown in  FIG.  2 A , the sidewalls  228  can define a first side of the wearable electronic device  200  having a recessed feature in which a crown  210  is positioned. The crown  210  can be a part of a turn dial button or other functional knob configured to be manipulated by the user. The crown  210  can be disposed in the recessed portion, as noted above, such that first side of the sidewalls  228  extend outward and at least partially around the crown  210 . In this way, contacts and bumps against of other objects against the first side of the sidewall  228  during use can contact the sidewall  228  without pressing or turning the crown  210 . In this way, the recessed portion of the first side of the sidewalls  228  prevents inadvertent manipulation of the crown  210 . The button  209  shown in  FIG.  2 A  can also be at least partially surrounded by an outwardly extending portion of the sidewall  228 , such that the button  209  is disposed within a recess thereof, to protect the button  209  form inadvertent contacts. 
     In at least one example, as shown in  FIG.  2 B , the sidewalls  228  can define a second side opposite the first side shown in  FIG.  2 A . In such an example, the wearable electronic device  200  can include a first speaker vent  249 , a second speaker vent  247 , and a button  208  disposed between the first speaker vent  249  and the second speaker vent  247 . The first and second speaker vents  249 ,  247  can provide fluid communication from a common speaker volume behind the sidewall  228  (e.g., within an internal volume defined by the sidewalls  228 ) and the external environment. The button  208  can be disposed between the first and second speaker vents  249 ,  247  to save space and provide a compact design without interrupting the functionality of the one or more speakers communicating with the external environment through the first and second speaker vents  247 ,  249 . 
       FIG.  2 C  illustrates an exploded view of another example of an electronic device  200 , which can also be a portion of a wearable electronic watch or other wearable electronic device. Device  200  includes a display assembly  206 , housing  202 , back cover  214 , and electromagnetically transparent component  216 . In addition, the exploded view of  FIG.  2 A  illustrates various internal components that may be disposed within an internal volume defined by the housing  202 , back cover  214 , electromagnetically transparent component  216 , and display assembly  206 . For example, the device  200  can include one or more printed circuit boards (PCBs)  218  and one or more antenna components  220 , electrical connectors and flexes, buttons, seals, gaskets, memory components, processors, sensors, dials, batteries, and so forth. 
     Any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in  FIGS.  2 A- 2 C  can be included, either alone or in any combination, in any of the other examples of devices, features, components, and parts shown in the other figures. Likewise, any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in the other figures can be included, either alone or in any combination, in the example of the devices, features, components, and parts shown in  FIGS.  2 A- 2 C . 
       FIG.  3    illustrates a close-up view of a portion of the exploded view of the device  200  shown in  FIG.  2   , including the housing  202  and the display assembly  206 , with the display assembly further exploded to illustrate the display cover  222  and display layers  224 . In addition, the exploded view of  FIG.  3    shows a wave ring  226  (also referred to herein as an “elongate conductive member”), which will be described and discussed in more detail hereafter with reference to other figures. In at least one example, the housing  202  includes sidewall or sidewalls  228  that define an internal volume and an opening  230 . When assembled, the display assembly  206  or one or more components of the display assembly  206  can be disposed in the opening to form an outer surface of the device  200  and define the internal volume. 
     In at least one example, the sidewall  228  can include an upper portion  232  and a lower portion  234 . The upper portion  232  and the lower portion  234  can be separated by a middle portion  236  disposed between the upper portion  232  and the lower portion  234 . In at least one example, the upper portion  232  and the lower portion  234  of the sidewall  228  can include one or more electrically conductive materials and the middle portion  236  can include one or more electrically non-conductive materials and/or an insulating material. The middle portion  236  can be molded to or otherwise adhered to the upper portion  232  and/or the lower portion  234  such that the upper portion  232 , the lower portion  234 , and the middle portion  236  form a single, unitary sidewall  228  of the housing  202 , as shown. 
     Any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in  FIG.  3    can be included, either alone or in any combination, in any of the other examples of devices, features, components, and parts shown in the other figures. Likewise, any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in the other figures can be included, either alone or in any combination, in the example of the devices, features, components, and parts shown in  FIG.  3   . 
       FIG.  4    illustrates an example of a middle portion  336  separated from the rest of a sidewall of a housing, similar to the middle portion  236  shown as part of the sidewall  228  of  FIG.  3   . In the example shown in  FIG.  4   , a non-conductive material component or ring  338  is bonded to the middle portion  336 . In at least one example, the non-conductive material ring  338  can include an epoxy component  338 . The term “epoxy,” as used herein, can include non-conductive adhesives as generally used and understood in the art, including hot-melt adhesives. The middle portion  336  can also include a ridge feature  340  extending at least partially around an internal surface of the middle portion  336 . The ridge feature  340  can form a lower surface of the middle portion  336 . In addition, at least one example, the middle portion  336  can include one or more upper protrusions  342  spaced about and extending inward relative to an external surface of the sidewall  328 . In addition, at least one example of the middle portion  336  can include one or more lower protrusions  344  spaced about and extending from the middle portion  336 , as shown in  FIG.  4   .  FIGS.  5 A,  5 B, and  5 C  illustrate partial cross-sectional views, as indicated in  FIG.  3   , but around various points along the sidewall  228  in order to illustrate the positions and configurations of the middle portion  336 , epoxy component  338 , upper portion  332 , and lower portion  334 . 
     Any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in  FIG.  4    can be included, either alone or in any combination, in any of the other examples of devices, features, components, and parts shown in the other figures. Likewise, any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in the other figures can be included, either alone or in any combination, in the example of the devices, features, components, and parts shown in  FIG.  4   . 
     In the first cross-sectional view of  FIG.  5 A , the ridge feature  340  and lower protrusion  344  of the middle portion  336  can be seen. In at least one example, the epoxy component  338  is bonded to an upper surface  348  defined by the lower portion  334  of the sidewall  328 . The epoxy component  338  can also be bonded directly to the middle portion  336 , for example including the lower protrusion  344  and a lower surface  346  of the middle portion  336  defined by the ridge feature  340 .  FIG.  5 B  illustrates another cross-sectional view at a point along the sidewall  328  where an upper protrusion  342  and a lower protrusion  344  of the middle portion  336  can be seen and  FIG.  5 C  illustrates another cross-sectional view at a point along the sidewall  328  where an upper protrusion  342  of the middle portion  336  can be seen. 
     As shown in  FIGS.  5 A,  5 B, and  5 C , any possible path for moisture to travel from an external environment  350  to the internal volume  352  through the sidewall  328  of the device is blocked by the epoxy component  338  bonded directly to either the lower portion  334  of the sidewall  328  or the middle portion  336 . Thus, the tight bond of the epoxy component  338  against one or more portions  334 ,  336  prevents water and moisture from entering into the internal volume  352  from the external environment  350  through the sidewall  328 . In addition to the moisture-tight bond between the epoxy component  338  and the sidewall  328 , in at least one example, the middle portion  336  of the sidewall  328  can be bonded to the upper and lower portions  332 ,  334 , respectively, such that the bond therebetween substantially or completely prevents moisture from passing through or into the sidewall  328  at the interface between the middle portion  336  and the upper and lower portions  332 ,  334 , respectively.  FIGS.  6 - 8    illustrate the interface and methods of bonding the middle portion  336  to the lower portion  334  and/or the upper portion  332  of the sidewall  328 . 
     Any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in  FIGS.  5 A- 5 C  can be included, either alone or in any combination, in any of the other examples of devices, features, components, and parts shown in the other figures. Likewise, any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in the other figures can be included, either alone or in any combination, in the example of the devices, features, components, and parts shown in  FIGS.  5 A- 5 C . 
     On example of a plastic-metal interface, such as an interface between a conductive bottom portion  434  and a non-conductive middle portion  436 , is shown in  FIG.  6   . In at least one example, the bottom portion  434  can include titanium and the middle portion  436  can include a polymer material. In one example, polymer material can include polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) including glass filled PBT. As shown, the titanium material of bottom portion  434  can be treated to form enhanced polymer-Ti bonding at the interface. 
     In at least one example, surface features including nano-pores and protrusions  454  can be present and the polymer can flow into and around the pores and protrusions during formation to increase the bonding therebetween. In at least one example, an etching treatment can be carried out to form the features  454  shown in  FIG.  6   . In at least one example, the etching treatment can include etching with sulfuric acid to form roughened macro-pockets or features in the titanium substrate of the bottom portion  434 . Also, an oxide layer can be formed using a sodium hydroxide oxidation step resulting in the nano-pores and protrusions  454  shown in  FIG.  6   . 
     Along these lines,  FIGS.  7 A- 7 C  show images of the bottom portion  434  at various stages of the process described above, including a 1,000×SEM image of an acid etched surface in  FIG.  7 A .  FIG.  7 B  shows a 50,000×SEM image of an oxide surface with uniform oxide formation exhibiting plate-like morphology.  FIG.  7 C  shows a layered double hydroxide interface including protrusions  454 , similar to those illustrated in  FIG.  6   , into and around which the plastic polymer material of the middle portion  436  can flow and interlock with the metal material of the bottom portion  434  for enhanced bonding, as described above. 
       FIG.  8    shows a flowchart of an example of a method  460  of forming the interface shown in  FIGS.  6 - 7 C . In at least one example, a step  456  includes the sulfuric acid etching step noted above and another step  458  includes the sodium hydroxide oxidation step noted above. In at least one example of the method  460 , between steps  456  and  458 , a de-smutting method  462  can be carried out to de-smut the surface. In at least one example of the de-smutting method  462  shown in  FIG.  8   , a step  464  can include an alkaline de-smut, for example using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and another step  466  can include an acid de-smutting step, for example using nitric acid (HNO3). 
     Any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in  FIGS.  6 - 8    can be included, either alone or in any combination, in any of the other examples of devices, features, components, and parts shown in the other figures. Likewise, any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in the other figures can be included, either alone or in any combination, in the example of the devices, features, components, and parts shown in  FIGS.  6 - 8   . 
       FIGS.  9 A- 9 C  illustrate a cross-sectional view of a device  500  similar to  FIGS.  5 A- 5 C  but with a display assembly  506  disposed in the opening  530  formed by the sidewall  528 . In at least one example, the display assembly  506 , which includes the display cover  522  and one or more other display layers  524  disposed below the display cover  522 , can be disposed in the opening  530  such that a gap  568  is formed between the display assembly  506  and the sidewall  528 . The gap  568  can be understood as a space between the display assembly  506 , or the display cover  522  thereof, and the sidewall  528 , or upper portion  532  thereof, wherein the display cover  522  does not contact the sidewall  528 . In at least one example, an upper surface of the display cover  522  can be flush with, or disposed lower than, an upper surface of the upper portion  532 . 
     In at least one example, a cavity  570  is formed in which the wave ring  526  is disposed. The cavity can be defined by the sidewall  528 , including the upper portion  532  and the middle portion  536 , the epoxy component  538 , and the display assembly  506  or at least the display cover  522  thereof. In at least one example, the cavity can also be defined by an insulating material  576  disposed between the display assembly  506  and/or display cover  522  thereof and the epoxy component  538 . One or more other components, including an lth (or last) antenna layer  578  or other layers. As noted above, the epoxy component  538  can bond to other layers and components, including the lth antenna layer  578 , middle portion  536 , lower portion  534 , and/or the insulating material  576  to prevent moisture from entering the internal volume  552  from an external environment  550  of the device  500 , such that any moisture or fluids entering the cavity  570  through the gap  568  do not continue on into the internal volume  552 . In this way, the cavity can be fluid-tight. 
       FIGS.  9 A,  9 B, and  9 C  show cross-sectional views at various locations around the sidewall  528  to illustrate how the wave ring  526  disposed in the cavity  570  can contact the upper portion  532  of the sidewall  528  at one or more locations along a length of the wave ring  526 , as shown in  FIG.  9 B , and contact an electrical contact  572  on the other side of the cavity  570  at one or more other locations along the length of the wave ring  526 , as shown in  FIG.  9 C . 
     Accordingly, in at least one example of the present disclosure, the housing sidewall  528  can define an opening  530  and a display component, such as the display cover  522 , can be disposed in the opening  530  to form the gap  568  between the housing sidewall  528  and the display component. In at least one example, the cavity  570  is defined by the sidewall  528  and the display cover  522  with the cavity  570  in fluid communication with the external environment  550  through the gap  568 . In at least one example, the epoxy component  538  at least partially defines the cavity  570  and can be in direct contact with the housing sidewall  528 . 
     In at least one example of the electronic device  500 , the housing sidewall  528  has an upper sidewall portion  532  and a lower sidewall portion  534  bonded to a middle sidewall portion  536  disposed between the upper and lower sidewall portions  532 ,  534 , respectively. The housing can define the opening  530  and the display assembly  506  can be disposed in the opening  530  to form the gap  568  between the housing and the display assembly  506 . Also, in at least one example, the epoxy component  538  can serve as a seal disposed underneath the display assembly  506  and extend laterally across the gap  568  with the epoxy component seal  538  bonded directly to the middle portion  536  of the sidewall  528 . 
     In at least one example of the present disclosure, the electronic device  500  can include the sidewall  528  defining the internal volume  552  and the opening  530 . In at least one example, the sidewall  528  can include an upper portion  532 , a lower portion  534 , and a middle portion  536  disposed between and bonded to the upper portion  532  and the lower portion  534 . The device  500  can also include the display cover  522  disposed in the opening  530  and defining the internal volume  552 , the side cavity  570  defined by the display assembly  506  and the sidewall  528 , with the cavity  570  in fluid communication with an external environment  550  through the gap  568  formed between the display assembly  506  and the sidewall  528 , and an epoxy layer  538  contacting the lower portion  534  and the middle portion  536 , and at least partially defining the cavity  570 . 
     As noted above and as shown in  FIGS.  9 A- 9 C , the device  500  can include the epoxy component  538  at least partially disposed between the display cover  522  of the display assembly  506  and the lower portion  534 , or between one or more other components of the display assembly  506 , including the display layers  524 , and the lower portion  534 . One or more other components can also be disposed or stacked between the epoxy component  538  and the display assembly  506  or cover  522 , for example the lth antenna layer  578 . In addition, as shown in  FIG.  9 C , one or more examples of the device  500  can include an insulating material  576 . The insulating polymer 576 can include and support a printed circuit board (PCB)  574  disposed in the internal volume  552 . 
     Any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in  FIGS.  9 A- 9 C  can be included, either alone or in any combination, in any of the other examples of devices, features, components, and parts shown in the other figures. Likewise, any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in the other figures can be included, either alone or in any combination, in the example of the devices, features, components, and parts shown in  FIGS.  9 A- 9 C . 
     As noted above,  FIGS.  9 A,  9 B, and  9 C  show cross-sectional views at various locations around the sidewall  528  to illustrate how the wave ring  526  disposed in the cavity  570  can contact the upper portion  532  of the sidewall  528  at one or more locations along a length of the wave ring  526 , as shown in  FIG.  9 B . Accordingly, in at least one example, the middle portion  536  can include gaps or windows through which columns or other portions of the upper portion  532  of the sidewall  528  are exposed through the middle portion  536  such that the wave ring  526  can contact the upper portion  532  directly, as shown in  FIG.  9 B . Also, the wave ring  526  can contact an electrical contact  572  on the other side of the cavity  570  at one or more other locations along the length of the wave ring  526 , as shown in  FIG.  9 C . The electrical contact  572  can extend through the insulating material  576  and electrically connect to the PCB  574 . In this way, the upper portion  532  of the sidewall  528  can be electrically connected to the PCB  574  through the wave ring  526 . While the contact between the wave ring  526  and the electrical contact  572  is shown in  FIGS.  9 A- 9 C  (as well as in  FIGS.  12  and  13    below) as resulting from an undulation or circumferential variation (or wave) in the wave ring  526 , the electrical contacts can be made by any number of discrete or continuous geometries such as indents or protrusions on the wave ring  526 , or by discrete or continuous protrusions on the housing. According to this example, any number of mating geometries can be used between the wave ring  526  and the housing. 
     In at least one example, the upper portion  532  of the sidewall  528  can be electrically isolated from the lower portion  534  via the intermediary and non-conductive middle portion  536 . In this way, the upper portion  532  can be a resonating element of an antenna of the device  500  with the lower portion  534  of the sidewall  528  acting as an electrical grounding plane relative to the resonating plane of the upper portion  532 . As noted above, the upper portion  532  can be electrically connected to the PCB  574  of the device  500  such that signals received and sent by the resonating upper portion  532  can be directed to the PCB  574  and can be processed with one or more processors or other electronic components of the device  500 , including any processors or other electronic components mounted on the PCB. 
     The wearable electronic devices described herein can include antennas configured to send and receive electromagnetic signals during use. Incorporating effective antennas into small, compact devices such as wearable electronic watches can be challenging because the greater the distance between a resonating plane and a grounding plane of an antenna, among other factors, the better the performance of the antenna will be. However, space is often limited to create the required Z-distances necessary in compact wearable electronic devices. In devices described herein, the housing and sidewalls of the device can be electrically separated into multiple portions to create resonating elements and grounding elements of an antenna with sufficient separation (Z-distance) therebetween for the housing itself to act as an antenna. However, this design has its own challenges, including electrically connecting the resonating element to a PCB, processor, or other electronic device without reducing the Z-distance of the antenna. Wearable electronic devices described herein are configured to overcome these challenges. 
     Along these lines,  FIGS.  10 A and  10 B  show a top perspective view and a top view, respectively, of a subassembly of a device  600 , according to the present disclosure. The subassembly includes housing sidewall  628  that includes the upper portion  632 , lower portion  634 , and middle portion  636  separating the upper portion  632  from the lower portion  634 . As noted above, the upper portion  632  and the lower portion  632  can include electrically conductive material and the middle portion  636  can include electrically insulating or non-conductive material such that the upper portion  632  of the sidewall  628  forms a resonating element of an antenna separated by a distance in the vertical or “Z” direction (or a “Z-distance”) relative to the electrical grounding plane of the lower portion  634 . 
     The epoxy component  638  can also be bonded to an inside of the sidewall  628  and to the middle portion  636  and the lower portion  634 . In addition, the wave ring  626  is also shown in  FIG.  10 A . A close-up view of the subassembly from a top view is shown in  FIG.  10 C , with the close-up region indicated in  FIG.  10 B , to illustrate a portion of the wave ring  626  extending away from the sidewall  628  to make contact with an electrical contact in the internal volume of the device. As shown in  FIG.  10 B , the interior portion of the wave ring  626  includes a number of dimples or protrusions  640  configured to engage electrical contacts  572  that can extend through the insulating material  576  and electrically connect to the PCB  574  (as shown in  FIG.  9 C ). As noted above, in addition or alternative to the protrusions  640  on the wave ring  626 , protrusions can be formed on the housing to facilitate or ensure a secure connection between the wave ring  626  and the electrical contacts  572 . 
       FIG.  10 A  also illustrates a cutout  650  formed in the inner surface of the housing sidewall  628 . As shown, the cutout  650  extends into the housing sidewall  628  below the middle portion  636  and the epoxy portion  638 . According to one example, the cutout  650  is formed by machining or otherwise removing a slot of the housing sidewall  628  to create a cavity on the upper portion of the interior volume, prior to assembly of the device  600 . As shown, the cutout  650  provides for additional volume within the housing sidewall  628  that can be used for connections or other housings. According to one example, the cutout provides an isolated volume where component connections can be made, such as for microphones or pressure sensors that are typically located near the exterior of the device  600 , without consuming valuable interior volume. In one example, board to board connections, such as hot-bar soldering, can be performed on the main PCB within the main cavity, and a flexible cable can then extend from the main PCT to the cutout  650  formed in the inner surface of the housing sidewall  628 . Within the cutout  650 , according to one example, a tray  652  that can be fastened to the housing can include a circuit board  654  with any number of components  656 , such as connectors, components, gyroscopes, accelerometers, etc. that can then be connected to the PCB via the flexible cable. According to this example, the transition of a number of connections to previously unused portions of the housing sidewall  628  allows for added room within the housing for additional battery volume or the inclusion of additional connectors or features on the main PCB. 
     Any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in  FIGS.  10 A- 10 C  can be included, either alone or in any combination, in any of the other examples of devices, features, components, and parts shown in the other figures. Likewise, any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in the other figures can be included, either alone or in any combination, in the example of the devices, features, components, and parts shown in  FIGS.  10 A- 10 C . 
       FIG.  11    shows another cross-sectional view similar to the cross-sectional views shown in  FIGS.  9 A- 9 C , where a sidewall  728  includes an upper portion  732 , a middle portion  736 , and a lower portion  734 . The sidewall  728  defines an opening  730  in which a display assembly  706  is disposed, the display assembly  706  including a display cover  722  and one or more other display layers or components  724 . An epoxy component  738  can contact the lower portion  734  and the middle portion  736  as shown and one or more other layers or components can be stacked or disposed between the display cover  722  and the epoxy component  738 , for example the lth antenna layer  772  and the insulating material  776 . In at least one example, the insulating material  776 , which can also be referred to herein as a mounting component  776 , can structurally support one or more other components, including the electrical contact  772  extending there through and/or the display cover  722  or other components  724  of the display assembly  706 . 
     In at least one example, the display mounting component  776  may be formed from a molded material, such as a molded insulating material, including a polymer (e.g., a low-injection-pressure-overmolded polymer). The material that forms component  776  may be epoxy, polyurethane, and/or other polymer materials. Thermoplastic and/or thermoset polymer may be used in forming component  776 . Heat and/or light (e.g., ultraviolet light) may be used in curing the polymer forming component  776 . As one illustrative example, component  776  may be formed from a thermoset structural adhesive such as a one-part heat-cured epoxy. Other polymer(s) may be used, if desired. Vacuum may be applied to the interior of a mold to help draw liquid polymer into a desired shape within a mold during formation of component  776 . 
     One or more surfaces of component  776  can serve as a reference surface (datum) that helps establish a desired physical relationship between component  776  and other portions of a device including the display assembly  706 . As an example, component  776  can be attached to an opposing surface of a housing using a layer of adhesive. The shape and location of component  776  relative to display cover layer  722 , display layers  724 , and other structures in display  706  can help establish a desired position for display  706  relative to a device housing. The upper surface of component  776  can be molded directly to the underside of display cover  722  to help form an environmental seal. In some examples, however, the display assembly  706  can include a separate seal that can aid in forming an environmental seal between the display assembly  706  and a housing. 
     The location of the display mounting component is indicated in  FIGS.  11  and  12   . As can be see, the display mounting component  776  extends around a periphery of the PCB  774 . As the PCB  774  is smaller than the display cover  722 , the molded insulating material of the display mounting component  776  may be adjacent to an edge of the PCB  774 . 
     In some examples, however, a display assembly  706  for an electronic device can include a PCB  774  that has one or more major dimensions, such as a width and/or height, which are substantially similar to the corresponding major dimension of the display cover  722  or other components  724  of the display assembly  706 . By using a PCB  774  with these dimensional relationships, a tail of the display layer  724  can be made flush with a major surface of the PCB  774  so that only a single shut-off is needed during the molding operation which can be used to form the display mounting component. Accordingly, the molded insulating material of the display mounting component  776  can be disposed on a major surface of the PCB  774  and adjacent to a periphery thereon while also at least partially surrounding the flexible tail of an associated display layers  724 . 
     In the present example, the molded material of the display mounting component  776  can also serve to affix the display assembly  706  to the device housing sidewall  728 , or at least to a component of the sidewall  728  such as the lower portion  734 , and/or to provide an environmental seal between the display cover  722  and the device housing sidewall  728 . In some examples, the display mounting component  776  can at least partially define an exterior surface of the device, such as at an upper surface of the upper portion  732 . Thus, in some examples, a portion of the insulating molded material of the display mounting component  776  that defines the exterior surface of the device can be positioned between the display cover  722  and a sidewall  728  of the housing. Further, in some examples, the portion of the exterior surface defined by the display mounting component  776  can be substantially level, in line with, and/or flush with portion of the exterior surface defined by the housing sidewall  728  and/or display cover  722 . 
     As noted above, in order to electrically connect the upper portion  732  of the sidewall  728 , as a resonating element of an antenna, the electrical connector  772  can extend through the insulating material  776  from the wave ring  726  to the PCB  774  and the wave ring  726  can contact the upper portion  732  of the sidewall  728  at another point or location along the length of the wave ring  726 , similar to that shown in  FIG.  9 B  and described above. In this way, while the PCB  774  is disposed lower than the upper portion  732  of the sidewall  728 , the upper portion  732  of the sidewall  728  can predominantly define an upper resonating plane separated from the grounding plane defined by the lower portion  734  of the sidewall  728 . This increased Z-distance between the upper and lower portions  732 ,  734  of the sidewall  728  correspondingly increases the performance of the antenna of which the upper portion  732  forms a part, or at least forms a part of a resonating element thereof. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  11   , the wavering  726  can vary in profile. According to one example, the wavering  726  is asymmetric in shape, placing the protrusion or dimple lower on the body so that it provides a better contact with the extension feature  784  of the electrical connector  772 . In other words, due to the asymmetric profile of the wave ring  726 , the dimple or protrusion sits lower in the channel formed by the sidewall  728 , and can make a more secure connection to an extension feature  784  having a lower profile. Additionally, as shown in  FIG.  11   , the wave ring  726  can include any number of optional back dimples  727  to extend toward the wave ring  726  and towards the extension feature  784 , ensuring a consistent contact therewith, as well as promoting contact with the housing. Alternatively, or additionally, the sidewall  728  can have selective protrusions or bump-outs  729  that reduce the distance between the wave ring  726  and the extension feature  784 , ensuring a secure contact. Such added connection securement features can be especially beneficial in corners of the sidewall  728  where antenna feeds can be located. 
     Any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in  FIG.  11    can be included, either alone or in any combination, in any of the other examples of devices, features, components, and parts shown in the other figures. Likewise, any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in the other figures can be included, either alone or in any combination, in the example of the devices, features, components, and parts shown in  FIG.  11   . 
       FIG.  12    shows a top view of a subassembly of a device according to the present disclosure, including a wave ring  826 , insulating material  876 , electrical contact  872 , and PCB  874 , which can be similar or part of any of the devices, systems, or subassemblies described herein with reference to other figures. As shown in  FIG.  12   , portions of the wave ring  826  can be selectively overmolded  827  or otherwise insulated in areas where metal on metal contact with the housing is not desired, such as where plastic to metal housing interlocks may occur. In the illustrated example of  FIG.  12   , the electrical contact  872  forms a singular unitary piece extending around the PCB  874  with discrete connection points  882  extending onto and contacting the PCB  882  or electrical circuits/pathways or other components of or on the PCB  882 . 
     Any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in  FIG.  12    can be included, either alone or in any combination, in any of the other examples of devices, features, components, and parts shown in the other figures. Likewise, any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in the other figures can be included, either alone or in any combination, in the example of the devices, features, components, and parts shown in  FIG.  12   . 
       FIG.  13    shows another example of top view of a subassembly similar to that shown in  FIG.  12    but with multiple discrete and separate electrical connectors  972   a ,  972   b , and  972   c  making contact with the PCB  974 . Any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in  FIG.  13    can be included, either alone or in any combination, in any of the other examples of devices, features, components, and parts shown in the other figures. Likewise, any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in the other figures can be included, either alone or in any combination, in the example of the devices, features, components, and parts shown in  FIG.  13   . 
     In at least one example, an electronic device can include a sidewall  728  including an antenna (upper portion  732 ), the sidewall defining an internal volume. The device can also include a PCB  774  disposed in the internal volume, an insulating material  776  disposed in the internal volume, and an electrical connector  772  contacting the PCB  774 , the electrical connector  772  extending through the insulating material  776  and forming an electrical contact between the antenna (antenna  732 ) and the PCB  774 . 
     In one example, the device can include a conductive housing sidewall  728  defining an internal volume, a PCB  774  disposed in the internal volume, an electrical connector  772  contacting the PCB  774  and extending through the insulating material  776 , and an elongate conductive member  726  (also referred to herein as the wave ring  726 ) disposed between the housing sidewall  728  and the electrical connector  772 , the elongate conductive member  726  contacting the electrical connector  772  and the housing sidewall  728 . 
     In one example, an electronic device can include a housing sidewall  728  including a lower portion  734  and an electrically conductive upper portion  732  separated from the lower portion  734  by a non-conductive material  736 , the housing sidewall  728  defining an internal volume and an opening  730 , a display component  722  disposed in the opening  730 , a PCB  774  disposed in internal volume below the display component  722 , an insulating material  776  disposed in the internal volume between the housing sidewall  728  and the PCB  774 , and a connector  772  forming an electrical pathway between the upper conductive portion  732  of the sidewall  728  and the PCB  774 . In such an example, the upper portion  732  can form a ring surrounding a periphery of the display component  722 . 
     In at least one example, the insulating material  776  is molded to the electrical connector  772 . In one example, as shown in  FIG.  12   , the insulating material  776  can include a continuous member extending around a periphery of the PCB  774 . Similarly, in at least one example, the insulating material  776  can form or include a closed ring disposed between the PCB  774  and the antenna  732  formed by the upper portion  732  of the sidewall  728 . In one example, the elongate conductive member  726  contacts the electrical connector  772  at a first location along a length of the elongate conductive member  726  and contacts the housing sidewall  728  at a second location along the length of the elongate conductive member  726 . In at least one example, the elongate conductive member  726  contacts the electrical connector  772  at a third location along the length of the elongate conductive member  726  and contacts the housing sidewall  728  at a fourth location along the length of the elongate conductive member  772 . 
     In at least one example, the electrical connector  772  includes a continuous member  886 , shown in  FIG.  12   , that has one or more discrete extensions features  784 , as shown in  FIG.  11   , extending from the continuous member  886  and through the insulating material  776 . The extension features  784  extend through the insulating material  776  to contact the wave ring  726  (or “elongate conductive member”), as shown in  FIG.  11   . 
     As noted above, and with reference now to  FIG.  14 A , an increased Z-distance between the upper portion  1032  as a resonating element of an antenna relative to the electrical ground plane of the lower portion  1034  of the sidewall  1028  can increase the performance of the antenna. In order to increase the Z-distance, the display cover  1022  of the device can include a lower beveled surface to make room for the electrical connector  1072  to extend further upward when making contact with the wave ring  1026 , thus increasing the overall plane of the resonating element of the antenna above the grounding plane of the lower portion  1034  of the housing. 
     For example, as shown in  FIG.  14 A , the display cover  1022  includes a lower beveled surface  1084 , which provides a space for the electrical connector  1072  to make an electrical connection with the wave ring  1026 , and thus the upper portion  1032  of the sidewall  1028  that contacts the wave ring  1026 , further upward to increase the Z-distance. The Z-distance between the resonating plane  1088  and the grounding plane  1090  is illustrated in  FIG.  14 B . As shown in  FIG.  14 A , the electrical connector  1072  extends upward toward the display cover  1022  and into the space that would otherwise be occupied by the display cover  1022  if not for the beveled surface  1084 . 
     The wave ring  1026  can likewise be raised to the level of contact with the electrical connector  1072  shown in  FIG.  14 A  to raise the average height/level of the resonating plane relative to the grounding plane formed at least in part by the lower portion  1034  of the sidewall  1028 . In this way, the Z-distance shown in  FIG.  14 B  can be maximized to increase the average height/level of the resonating plane relative to the grounding plane for improved antenna performance. 
     In at least one example, the insulating material  1076 , elsewhere referred to herein as the display mounting component, can extend into the spaced adjacent to the beveled surface of the display cover  1022  to support the display cover and other components of the display assembly  1006 , including the various display layers  1024  shown. In addition, in at least one example, a mask layer that can include a PVD layer, ink layer, or other masking layer can be disposed on a lower flat surface  1086  of the display cover  1022  adjacent the beveled surface  1085 . The mask can provide an aesthetic feature that reduces unwanted light scattering and reflections at the transition between the lower surface of the display cover  1022  and the beveled surface  1084 . In at least one example, the mask can be between about 50 microns and 150 microns thick, for example about 100 microns thick. 
     Thus, in at least one example, an electronic device described herein can include a sidewall  1028  defining an opening, a display component such as the display cover  1022  disposed in the opening. The display cover  1022  can include a lower beveled edge forming a beveled surface facing the internal volume of the device. In such an example, the insulating material  1076  can contact the beveled surface of the display cover  1022  forming a beveled boundary  1078  as shown in  FIG.  14 A . 
     Any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in  FIGS.  14 A and  14 B  can be included, either alone or in any combination, in any of the other examples of devices, features, components, and parts shown in the other figures. Likewise, any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in the other figures can be included, either alone or in any combination, in the example of the devices, features, components, and parts shown in  FIGS.  14 A and  14 B . 
     Referring briefly back to the exploded view of a device shown in  FIG.  2   , at least one example of the device  200  can include a back cover  214  and an electromagnetically transparent component  216 . 
     Because wearable electronic devices are in contact with the user&#39;s body during use, it can be advantageous to use the device for detecting a user&#39;s body temperature, including surface and core temperature. However, the temperature of the device and the environment in which it is used can change from moment to moment during use such that detecting the user&#39;s core temperature with a wearable device can be challenging. However, devices described herein can overcome this challenge by incorporating more than one temperature sensor in the device at different locations and applying one or more algorithms that include the temperature sensed by each sensor as an input to determine a core temperature of the user. 
       FIG.  15 A  illustrates an example of a device, for example a wearable electronic watch device  1700 . In at least one example, the electronic device  1700  can include a housing  1702  defining front and rear openings, with a display component  1706  disposed at the front opening and a rear cover  1714  disposed at the rear opening. The device  1700  of  FIG.  15 A  can also include strap retention features  1779  defined by the housing  1702  for securing a strap to the device  1700 . When a strap is connected to the device  1700  via the strap retention features  1779 , the device  1700  can be configured to be worn by a user, for example on the wrist of a user, with the strap securing the rear cover  1714  against the skin of the user. 
     In such an example, the device  1700  can be configured to detect a wrist or skin temperature of the user and extrapolate or detect/measure the user&#39;s core temperature. In order to do this, in at least one example, the device  1700  can include two or more temperature sensors on or within the device  1700 . For example, a first temperature sensor  1777  can be located at, near, or adjacent the rear cover  1714 , as indicated by the lower dot shown in  FIG.  15 A , also referred to as the bottom or lower side of the device  1700 . The dot is not a representation of a sensor itself but indicates an approximate location of the first temperature sensor  1777 . In addition, the device  1700  can include a second temperature sensor  1775  located at, near, or adjacent the display component  1706  on an opposite side from the first temperature sensor, also referred to as a top side of the device  1700 . 
     In at least one example, a processor (not shown in  FIG.  15 A  but disposed inside the device  1700 ) can be electrically connected to the first temperature sensor  1777  and the second temperature sensor  1775  and configured to determine a core temperature of a user based on a first temperature detected by the first temperature sensor  1777  and a second temperature detected by the second temperature sensor  1775 . 
       FIG.  15 A  shows a partial cross-sectional view of the device  1700  shown in  FIG.  15 A  to illustrate various internal components thereof. As shown, the device  1700  can include a housing  1702  defining front and rear openings and an internal volume, with a display component  1706  disposed at the front opening and a rear cover  1714  disposed at the rear opening. The internal components can include various processors, batteries, microphones, speakers, wires and electrical flexes, antennas, display components, and so forth. In addition, the internal components of the device  1700  can include a first PCB  1773  disposed near, adjacent, and above the rear cover  1714 . In at least one example, the first PCB  1773  can be adhered to the rear cover  1714 . The device  1700  can also include a second PCB  1774  disposed near, adjacent, and beneath the display component  1706 . 
     As shown in the cross-sectional view of  FIG.  15 B , the first temperature sensor  1777  can be disposed on the first PCB  1773  and the second temperature sensor  1775  can be disposed on the second PCB  1774 . In at least one example, one or more other electronic components, including heat generating electronic components can be disposed between the first temperature sensor  1777  and the second temperature sensor  1775  or, if not between the temperature sensors,  1777 ,  1775 , a part of a thermal path defined from one temperature sensor to the other through one or more internal component of the device  1700 . For example, a battery  1767  can be disposed within the internal volume of the device  1700  at least partially between the first temperature sensor  1777  and the second temperature sensor  1775 . 
     While the first temperature sensor  1777  can be near the user&#39;s wrist to determine the temperature at or near the user&#39;s wrist, the device  1700  can include other internal components that may generate or absorb heat such that the system temperature of the device  1700  can affect the accuracy of the measurement of the user&#39;s wrist with the first temperature sensor  1777 . Accordingly, in at least some examples, the device  1700  can include the second temperature sensor  1775  that takes into account the system temperature of the device  1700  and one or more algorithms can be used to determine the user&#39;s core temperature using measurement taken from both the first temperature sensor  1777  and the second temperature sensor  1775 . In at least one example, the first temperature sensor  1777  and the second temperature sensor can be in electrical communication with one another. 
     In at least one example, the device  1700  can include one or more processors in electrical communication with the first temperature sensor  1777  and the second temperature sensor  1775 . The one or more processors can determine the user&#39;s core temperature from measurement taken by both the first and second temperature sensors  1777 ,  1775  with one or more algorithms applied to the measurement to take into account the system temperature and any thermal path existing through the device  1700  and its internal components disposed therein, some of which may be disposed between the first and second temperature sensors  1777 ,  1775  or, if not between the temperature sensors,  1777 ,  1775 , a part of a thermal path defined from one temperature sensor to the other through one or more internal component of the device  1700 . In this way, determining the user&#39;s core temperature can be based, at least in part, on the heat generated by the heat generating components or heat absorbing component or any other components disposed in the internal volume of the device  1700 . 
     Along these lines,  FIG.  15 C  illustrates a circuit diagram equivalent to the device  1700  contacting a user  1771  with a contact interface shown at  1769 . The illustrated diagram identifies temperature sensors T 1  and T 2 , which can equate to the first and second temperature sensors  1777 ,  1775  shown in  FIG.  15 B , respectively. The heat transfer path from the user  1771 , through the device  1700 , and out to an external environment can be modeled as a series of resistances illustrated by resistors R phys , R contact , R BC , R 1-2 , and R FC , as shown in  FIG.  15 C  with R phys  equating to the resistance of the user, R contact  equating to the resistance at the contact interface, R BC  equating to the resistance of the back cover or any other components of the device  1700  between the first temperature sensor T 1  ( 1777  in  FIG.  15 B ) measuring temperature T 1  and the contact interface  1769 , R 1-2  equating to any resistance in the system of the device  1700  including the thermal path between the first temperature sensor  1777  and the second temperature sensor  1775 , and R FC  equating to the resistance of the display component  1706  or any other components of the device  1700  between the second temperature sensor ( 1775  in  FIG.  15 B ) measuring temperature T 2  and the external surface or external environment of the device  1700 . 
     Using the modeled circuit diagram of heat flow from the wrist through the device  1700  as shown in  FIG.  15 C , one or more algorithms can be used to determine the core temperature of the user. For example, a first algorithm modeling the temperature T BC  at the rear cover  1714  of the device  1700  can include:
 
 T   BC   =T   1   +a   o ( T   1 - T   2 )
 
where:
 
 a   o   =R   BC   /R   1-2  
 
An algorithm modeling a corrected temperature can include:
 
 T   c   =T   1   +c   o ( T   1 - T   2 )
 
where:
 
 c   o   =a   o   +h   o  
 
and where:
 
 h   o   =R   o   /R   1-2  
 
Furthermore, the model can also include self-heating constants (i.e., c 1 , a 1 , h 1 ).
 
     In at least one example, more than two temperature sensors can be disposed in the device  1700  with measurement taken and input into one or more algorithms to determine the core temperature of the user when the device  1700  contacts the user. As noted above, in at least one example, one or more electrical and/or heat generating components can be disposed in internal volume of the device  1700  and at least partially between the various sensors or at least as part of a thermal path between the various sensors. 
     In at least one example, the first temperature sensor  1777  can be disposed directly against or adhered directly to the rear cover  1714  or another portion of the housing  1702  near or adjacent or in contact with the user during use. Similarly, in at least one example, the second temperature sensor  1775  can be disposed directly against, or adhered directly to, the display component  1706  or other portion of the housing  1702 . In at least one example, regardless of where each temperature sensor  1777 ,  1775  is disposed, a thermally conductive adhesive, such as a thermally conductive pressure-sensitive adhesive, can be used to secure the temperature sensors  1777 ,  1775  to another component within the internal volume of the device  1700 . 
     Any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in  FIGS.  15 A- 15 C  can be included, either alone or in any combination, in any of the other examples of devices, features, components, and parts shown in the other figures. Likewise, any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in the other figures can be included, either alone or in any combination, in the example of the devices, features, components, and parts shown in  FIGS.  15 A- 15 C . 
       FIG.  16    illustrates a PCB  1773  with an example of a location of a temperature sensor  1777 . The PCB  1773  can be disposed near the rear cover  1714  similar to the first PCB  1773  shown in  FIG.  15 B .  FIG.  26    illustrates a PCB  1774  similar to the second PCB shown in  FIG.  15 B  that can be disposed in the internal volume of the device  1700  near the display component  1706 . In the illustrated example of  FIG.  17   , two locations of a temperature sensor  1775  are shown where the temperature sensor  1775  can be disposed on the PCB  1774  to be at or near the display component  1706  of the device  1700 . In one example shown, the temperature sensor  1775  can be disposed on the ALS module  1765 .  FIG.  18    shows another example of locations of the temperature sensor  1775  on an example of a PCB  1774  with one example location of the temperature sensor  1775  being on an ALS module  1765  of the PCB  1774 . 
     In at least one example, the temperature sensors  1777 ,  1775  described herein can be adhered or otherwise secured to a PCB or other component, including the housing  1702  of the device  1700  without any under-fill material between the temperature sensor  1777 ,  1775  and the housing  1702  or PCB  1774 . In at least one example, the temperature sensors  1777 ,  1775  can be mounted to a PCB  1774 , housing  1702 , or other portion of the device  1700  without any encapsulation over the temperature sensor  1777 ,  1775 . The absence of under-fill material and/or encapsulation over the temperature sensor  1777 ,  1775  reduces the complexity and uncertainty of the thermal path between the sensors  1777 ,  1775  and/or between the sensors  1777 ,  1775  and the user&#39;s body or the external environment, thus simplifying the modeling and processing of the user&#39;s core temperature. 
     In at least one example, as shown in  FIG.  19   , a temperature sensor  1777  is disposed on the ALS module  1765 . In at least one example, as noted above, the temperature sensor  1777  can be adhered to the ALS module  1765  using an SMT/solder or other adhesive or bonding medium without any encapsulation material disposed over and/or encapsulating the temperature sensor  1777 . In such an example, in order to protect the temperature sensor  1777  from physical damage, one or more shields  1767   a ,  1767   b ,  1767   c , and  1767   d  can be disposed around the temperature sensor  1777  such that other components are likely to come into contact with the shields  1767   a - d  before coming into contact with the temperature sensor  1777  during assembly or use. The shields  1767   a - d  can vary in number, size, position, and configuration but generally are taller than the temperature sensor  1777  such that the shields  1767   a - d  physically protect the temperature sensor  1777 . In at least one example, the shields  1767   a - d  include inexpensive, non-electrically functioning or connected components. In this way, the shields  1767   a - d  can absorb contact, be dented, chipped, or otherwise physically damaged during assembly or use of the device  1700  without negatively affecting the functionality of the device  1700  and the temperature sensor  1777 . 
     In many scenarios or environments where a user may want to wear the devices disclosed herein, it may be advantageous to output high-frequency, high decibel sounds to alert others of an emergency situation such as a fall or injury to the user. These sounds or alerts can be referred to herein as siren alerts and/or sounds. In order to produce high-frequency siren sounds alongside typical lower frequency outputs for normal use, including music, voice outputs, and so forth, at least one example of a device can include a dual speaker system as shown in  FIGS.  20 A- 21   . The speaker assemblies shown herein generally include two speakers sharing a front volume but having separate back volumes associated with each speaker. Separate vents to the external environment, in addition to the separate back volumes, can enable tuning of the speaker assembly to produce clear frequencies in various high and low ranges from the various speakers in the device  1800  shown. 
     Any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in  FIGS.  16 - 19    can be included, either alone or in any combination, in any of the other examples of devices, features, components, and parts shown in the other figures. Likewise, any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in the other figures can be included, either alone or in any combination, in the example of the devices, features, components, and parts shown in  FIGS.  16 - 19   . 
       FIG.  20 A  shows an example of an electronic device  1800  that includes an outer housing  1802  defining an internal volume  1852 , a first speaker  1863  and a second speaker  1861  disposed in the internal volume  1852 , the first speaker  1863  including a frame  1859  disposed around a periphery of a diaphragm  1857  of the first speaker  1863 , a front volume  1855  defined by the outer housing, the first speaker  1863 , and the second speaker  1861 , a first back volume  1853  defined by the first speaker  1863  and the frame  1859 , and a second back volume  1845  defined by the second speaker  1861  and the frame  1859 . 
     In at least one example, the electronic device  1800  can include an outer housing  1802 , an inner housing  1851  spaced apart from the outer housing  1802 , a speaker assembly disposed between the inner and outer housings  1802 ,  1851 . The speaker assembly can include the first speaker  1863 , the second speaker  1861 , and the speaker frame  1859  supporting the first speaker  1863 . The device can further include the first back volume  1853  defined by the inner housing  1851  and the first speaker  1863  and the second back volume  1845  defined by the inner housing  1851  and the second speaker  1861 , with the second back volume  1845  separated from the first back volume  1853  by the speaker frame  1859 . 
     Another example of the electronic device  1800  can include the outer housing  1802 , the inner housing  1851 , the speaker assembly disposed between the inner and outer housings  1851 ,  1802  including the first speaker  1863  and the second speaker  1861 . The device  1800  can also include a front volume  1855  defined by the outer housing  1802  and the speaker assembly, the back volume defined by the inner housing and the speaker assembly and separated into first and second isolated portions  1853  and  1845 , respectively. In at least one example, the device  1800  can also include first vent  1849  defined by the housing  1802  through which a first end of the front volume  1855  is in fluid communication with an external environment and a second vent  1847  defined by the housing  1802  through which a second end of the front volume  1855  is in fluid communication with the external environment. 
     In at least one example, the front volume  1855  can be isolated from the first and second back volumes  1853  and  1845 , respectively. The speakers  1863 ,  1861  can be disposed between the front volume  1855  and the first and second back volumes  1853 ,  1845  and the frame  1859  can structurally support the first speaker  1863 . In at least one example, the frame  1859  forms an air-tight seal between the first back volume  1853  and the second back volume  1845 . In addition, as noted above, the inner housing  1851  can at least partially define the first back volume  1853 . For example, the frame  1859  can include a collar  1843  and a molded seal  1841  extending from the collar  1843  toward the internal volume  1852  and contacting the inner housing  1851  to seal the first back volume  1853  as shown behind/below the first speaker  1863 . The collar  1843  can include a metal ring disposed around the speaker  1863  and configured to redirect magnetic flux around the speaker  1863 . In at least one example, the speaker frame  1859  structurally supports the second speaker  1861 . 
     In one example, the first speaker  1863  is smaller than the second speaker  1861 . The first speaker  1863  can be referred to as a tweeter and be configured to output higher frequency sound waves than the larger second speaker  1861 . Accordingly, to accommodate the smaller volumetric air displacement caused by the first speaker  1863 , in at least one example, the first back volume  1853  can be smaller than the second back volume  1845 . 
     In at least on example, as shown in  FIGS.  20 A and  20 B , the electronic device  1800  can also include a valve  1839  disposed in an aperture defined by the inner housing  1851  to vent air from the first isolated portion  1853  of the back volume to the internal volume  1852 . In at least one example, the pressure valve  1839  can be configured to equalize pressure between the internal volume  1852  and the back volume  1853 . In at least one example, the valve  1839  can include a mesh and a channel passing through and defined by the inner housing  1851 . 
     The shared front volume  1855  can be in fluid communication with an external environment through various vents passing through the outer housing  1802 . The location and configuration of each vent can be designed to accommodate high siren-type frequencies output by the smaller tweeter speaker (first speaker  1863 ) and lower frequencies output by the second speaker  1861 . In this way, a broader range of frequencies can be output by the speaker assembly clearly and effectively. 
     In at least one example, the first vent  1849  is formed of a single aperture defined by the outer housing  1802 . The second vent  1847  can include two or more apertures defined by the outer housing  1802 . In at least one example, a distance between any two adjacent apertures of the second vent  1847  can be less than a distance between any aperture of the second vent  1847  and the single aperture of the first vent  1849 . 
     As noted above, the arrangement and configuration of the speaker assembly of the electronic device  1800  shown in  FIGS.  20 A and  20 B  enables the speaker assembly to output frequencies in the normal range of daily use, including music, voice, and other typical audio outputs, as well as loud, high frequencies in the range of above 3 kHz, 3.5 kHz, or even above 4.5 kHz from the first smaller speaker  1863  to be used as a siren. The siren can be used in conjunction with a fall-detection system of the device  1800  to alert others if the user has fallen or been injured. During other activities, for example during mountain biking, the siren can output warning signals when coming around a blind corner on a trail or the like. A guardian mode of the device  1800  could activate the siren as an assault whistle or a mugging deterrent. 
     In order to fit the dual speaker assembly within a tight space between the inner housing  1851  and the outer housing  1802  of the device  1800 , some of the components discussed above and shown in  FIGS.  20 A- 20 B  are configured to interface with and be disposed with other component of the device  1800  to form a tight, compact, space-saving device  1800 . For example, the speaker assembly shown in  FIGS.  20 A and  20 B  can be disposed within the device  1800  in generally the same location as a button of the device, such that the button and the speaker assembly share the same location or portion of the internal volume of the device  1800 . In such an example, the button may include one or more components disposed between through, or with one or more components of the speaker assembly. 
     In order to accommodate the speaker assembly and the button together in the same area, the speaker frame  1859 , as shown in  FIG.  20 C , can include an opening  1835  defined by the frame  1859 . The opening can be positioned to receive one or more components of a button that pass through the frame  1859 .  FIG.  20 D  illustrates the frame  1859  supporting the first speaker  1863  and the second speaker  1861  and defining the opening  1835 . The opening  1835  can be defined/disposed between the first speaker  1863  and the second speaker  1861 . As shown in  FIG.  20 E , a button  1808  can include a plunger  1837  that is aligned with and/or extends through the opening  1835  between the first speaker  1863  and the second speaker  1861 . 
     In at least one example of the electronic device  1800 , the external housing  1802  can define an internal volume  1852  and an aperture  1833 , as labeled in  FIG.  20 B . The button  1808  can be disposed in the aperture  1833 . The button  1808  can include the plunger  1837  extending into or toward the internal volume  1852  and the speaker frame  1859  can be disposed in the internal volume  1852  and define the opening  1835 . In such an example, the plunger can extend through the opening. 
     In one example, the frame  1859  can structurally support the first speaker  1863  and the second speaker  1861 . The frame  1859  can be disposed in the internal volume  1852  with the frame  1859  defining the opening  1835  (otherwise referred to herein as a “hole”) between the first and second speakers  1863 ,  1861 , respectively. In at least one example, the plunger  1837  can be aligned with the hole/opening  1835 . A portion of the internal volume  1852  between the inner housing  1851  spaced part from the outer housing  1802  can define a speaker volume including the front volume  1855  and the first and second back volumes  1853 ,  1845 , respectively. The plunger  1837  can be aligned with the hole  1835  and extend into the speaker volume toward the inner housing  1851 . 
     In at least one example, the speaker frame  1859  supports the first speaker  1863  and the second speaker  1861  and the opening  1835  is defined between the first speaker  1863  and the second speaker  1861 . Accordingly, in at least one example, the plunger  1837  extends between the first speaker  1863  and the second speaker  1861 . In at least one example, the plunger  1837  can extend through the front volume  1855  and into the back volume  1845 . 
     In order to seal off the front volume  1855  from the second back volume  1845 , the device  1800  can include a gasket  1825  surrounding the plunger  1837  and forming a fluid-tight seal between the frame  1859  and the plunger  1837 . Thus a fluid-tight seal is formed by the gasket  1825  between the front volume  1855  and the second back volume  1845 . In at least one example, the gasket can include an O-ring disposed around the plunger  1837 . The plunger  1837  can define a recess in which the O-ring can be disposed and positioned between the plunger  1837  and the speaker frame  1859 . The materials, size, and shape of the O-ring  1825  can be selected to keep fluid out of the volumes surrounding the speakers  1863 ,  1861  and to tune the tactile sensation experienced by the user when depressing the button  1808 . 
     In addition, as the button is pressed downward, the plunger can make contact with an electrical contact  1823  disposed on the inner housing, as shown in at least  FIG.  20 F . The plunger is aligned with the electrical contact  1823  so that an electrical pathway or circuit can be completed between the plunger  1837  and the electrical contact  1823  when the button  1808  is pressed down during operation. Accordingly, the plunger can include or be formed from electrically conductive material. 
     Any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in  FIGS.  20 A- 20 F  can be included, either alone or in any combination, in any of the other examples of devices, features, components, and parts shown in the other figures. Likewise, any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in the other figures can be included, either alone or in any combination, in the example of the devices, features, components, and parts shown in  FIGS.  20 A- 20 F . 
       FIG.  20 G  illustrates a side, cross-sectional view of a portion of the device  1800  showing a viewing plane orthogonal to the cross-sectional viewing plane of  FIG.  20 F  and extending through the plunger  1837 .  FIG.  20 G  shows the button  1808  and the plunger  1837  extending through the hole  1835  defined by the speaker frame  1859  and the electrical contact  1823  against which a lower surface of the plunger  1837  presses or contacts when the button  1808  is depressed, as shown, to complete an electrical circuit between the plunger  1837  and the electrical contact  1823 . When the button  1808  is not depressed, the plunger  1837  and the electrical contact  1823  are separated so that no electrical connection is made therebetween. The electrical contact  1823  can also be referred to herein as a “tactile switch” or a “tac switch.” 
     The tac switch  1823  can electrically couple and/or physically contact an electrical flex  1804  partially disposed on a top surface of the inner housing  1851  and at least partially extending under the tac switch  1823  between the tac switch  1823  and the inner housing  1851 . The flex  1804  can extend around an edge of the inner housing  1851  and continue underneath or on a lower surface, opposite the top surface of the inner housing  1851 , as shown. In one example, the bend formed in the flex  1804  as the flex rounds the edge of the inner housing  1851  from one surface to the other can, on its own, bias the portion of the flex  1804  disposed between the tac switch  1823  and the inner housing  1851  away from the inner housing  1851 . 
     In order to counteract this biasing force away from the inner housing  1851 , the device  1800  can include a foot  1806  pressing downward onto the flex  1804  to keep the flex  1804  in position between the tac switch  1823  and the inner housing  1851 , as shown in  FIG.  20 G . The foot  1806  can be a molded plastic piece or other non-conductive material anchored to the speaker frame  1859 , the inner housing  1851 , or other component to produce the force of the foot  1806  pressing the flex  1804  against the inner housing as shown. In at least one example, the foot  1806  can also engage the tac switch  1823  such that the foot  1806  presses the tac switch against or toward the flex  1804  and/or the inner housing  1851 . Additionally, or alternatively, one or more adhesives or adhesive layers can be disposed between the flex  1804  and the inner housing  1851 , between the tac switch  1823  and the flex  1804 , and/or between the tac switch  1823  and the inner housing  1851 , to maintain the flex  1804  and tac switch  1823  in position as shown in  FIG.  20 G . 
     Any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in  FIG.  20 G  can be included, either alone or in any combination, in any of the other examples of devices, features, components, and parts shown in the other figures. Likewise, any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in the other figures can be included, either alone or in any combination, in the example of the devices, features, components, and parts shown in  FIG.  20 G . 
       FIG.  20 H  shows another example of a portion of a device  1800 , including a button  1808  and a button spring  1810 . In at least one example, the button spring  1810  can include upwardly extending spring arms  1812  fixed to the button  1808 . The button spring  1810 , and specifically the spring arms  1812 , can be formed of conductive material, including metal, and shaped so as to provide an upward biasing force against the button  1808 . The button spring  1810  can include a lower portion  1814  anchored to the speaker housing  1859  or other component of the device  1800  relative to which the button  1808  travels when depressed. In at least one example, the button spring  1810  provides a constant force to maintain an upper/outer surface of the button  1808  flush with an outer surface of the housing  1802  of the device  1800  (not shown in  FIG.  20 H  but shown in at least  FIGS.  20 A and  20 B ). The materials, shapes, lengths of the spring arms  1814 , and other factors of the button spring  1810  can be tuned to alter the tactile response of the button  1808  when depressed by the user. 
     Referring briefly to  FIG.  20 A , when the button  1808  is not depressed, an electrical grounding path can be formed through one or more screws  1816  contacting a portion of the housing  1802 . Accordingly, the screws  1816  and the housing  1802  can be formed of electrically conductive materials. The screws  1816  can act as a stop feature or datum contacting an inner surface of the housing  1802  to prevent the button  1808  from extending beyond the housing  1802  and maintaining a flush external surface with the housing  1802 . Referring again to  FIG.  20 H , when the button  1808  is partially depressed, the screws  1816  separate from the housing  1802  but the plunger  1837 , which is also in electrical communication with the button  1808 , is not yet in electrical contact with the tac switch  1823 . 
     As shown in  FIG.  20 I , in this partially depressed position of the button  1808 , the button spring  1810  can form an electrical grounding pathway between a grounding component or plane of the device  1800  and the button. The button spring  1810  can form such a grounding pathway with the button  1808  whether the button  1808  is fully depressed to contact the plunger against the tac switch  1823 , partially depressed as discussed above, or when not depressed. The lower portion  1814  of the button spring  1810  can electrically contact or couple to a collar  1818 , which can be coupled to ground, or one or more other components forming the grounding pathway. The spring arms  1812  can contact the button  1808  as shown in  FIG.  20 H  to complete the pathway to the button  1808 . 
     In at least one example, the lower portion  1814  of the button spring  1810  defines an aperture  1820  through which the plunger  1837  extends. In at least one example, the lower portion  1814  of the button spring  1810  forms a bend  1822  that biases portions of the button spring  1810  on either side of the bend  1822  away from each other, contributing to the upward force from the button spring  1810 . For example, the bend  1822  can bias a first portion  1824  on one side of the bend  1822  away from a second portion  1826  on the other side of the bend  1822 . 
     In at least one example, the first portion  1824  contacts or extends into the housing  1802  at  1828  to complete an electrical pathway from the button  1808 , through the button spring  1810 , to the housing  1802 . In addition, in at least one example, a collar  1818  defines an aperture  1830  and an anti-rotation feature or extension  1832  of the second portion  1826  can extend through the aperture  1830  or at least partially into the aperture  1830  to prevent the button spring  1810  from rotating out of position as the button  1808  is depressed and travels up and down during use. In at least one example, the anti-rotation feature  1832  engages the collar  1818  without adhesives. In general, the button spring can be disposed and fixed in position as shown without adhesives. The area or volume in which the button spring  1810  is disposed can include an area between the inner housing  1851  and the outer housing  1802  such that any adhesives present could be exposed to chemical aggressors from the external environment, for example through the various vents defined by the housing, including first and second vents  1849  and  1847 , respectively. Thus, the button spring  1810  can be fixed in position via the anti-rotation feature  1832 , an interface with the housing  1802  at  1828 , and/or with the button  1808 . 
     In at least one example, the device  1800  can include a shim  1834  disposed between the button  1808  or the button cap and the plunger  1837 . In at least one example, the shim  1834  can include a material more elastic or compressible than the button  1808  and/or the plunger  1837 . In one example, the button  1808  and the plunger  1837  include conductive metals and the shim  1834  includes a plastic or rubber material. The shim  1834  can be disposed between and in contact with the button  1808  and the plunger  1837  as shown such that the shim  1834  absorbs forces and movements from the plunger  1837  and the button  1808  as the components of the speakers  1863 ,  1861  vibrate and pressure sound waves impinge on the plunger  1837  and button  1808 , the shim  1834  reduces chattering or buzzing caused by the plunger  1837  and button  1808  vibrating against one another. In at least one example, the shim  1834  can include an elastic material. In at least one example, the shim  1834  can include a compressible material. In at least one example, the compressible material can include foam. 
     Referring back to  FIG.  20 H , the device  1800  can include speaker meshes  1836   a ,  1836   b  disposed over speakers  1863 ,  1861 , respectively. Each screw  1816  of the button  1808  can include a lower surface  1838  of the screw head facing the mesh  1836   a - b . The lower surface  1838  can be chamfered. The meshes  1836   a - b  can be recessed to match or accommodate the curvature of the lower surfaces  1838  of the screws  1816 . The recessed geometry of the meshes  1836   a - b  can provide extra space or volume into which the screws  1816  can extend toward the meshes  1836  without the screws  1816  and meshes  1836   a - b  contacting or colliding when the button  1808  is depressed. Additionally, the speaker meshes  1836   a ,  1836   b  can include any number of stacked meshes of varying pore size and material. Pore size can be identified and selected to balance the resistance to ingress of foreign materials, cosmetic benefits, water ejection, and acoustic performance. In some examples, the speaker meshes can both be metal and be welded to the device  1800 . In other examples, the meshes can be metal, fabric, polymer, or a combination thereof, and can be attached to the device  1800  by adhesives, fasteners, welding or other joining methods, and the like. 
     Any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in  FIGS.  20 H- 20 I  can be included, either alone or in any combination, in any of the other examples of devices, features, components, and parts shown in the other figures. Likewise, any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in the other figures can be included, either alone or in any combination, in the example of the devices, features, components, and parts shown in  FIGS.  20 H- 20 I . 
       FIG.  20 J  shows a cross-sectional view of a portion of a device  1800 , including a button  1808  disposed in an aperture  1833  defined by a housing  1802  and a speaker diaphragm  1836  disposed in an internal volume of the device  1800 . The speaker diaphragm  1836 , the button  1808 , and the housing  1802  can define the front volume  1855 , which is also shown and labeled in  FIG.  20 A . In at least one example, the device  1800  can include an acoustic gasket  1840  extending between the button  1808  and the housing  1802 . In at least one example, the gasket  1840  is greater than or equal to about 100 microns thick where the gasket  1840  contacts the housing  1802 . In at least one example, an upper surface of the gasket  1840  interfaces at an angle with the vertical surface of the housing  1802  defining the aperture  1833  at greater than 0-degrees, for example at least about 20-degrees or more relative to the horizontal plane orthogonal to the surface of the housing  1802  defining the aperture  1833 . In at least one example, the gasket includes an elastic material. In at least one example, the gasket  1840  includes a material with a Shore-A hardness of between about 30 A and 90 A, or between about 40 A and 80 A, or between about 50 A and 70 A, for example about 60 A. 
     Accordingly, with a gasket  1840  having the above-noted dimensions and material properties, the gasket  1840  can maintain and rebound to its resting shape after the button  1808  is depressed by the user. In addition, according to the above-noted dimensions and material properties, the gasket  1840  can seal the front volume  1855  such that pressure can build up greater than an atmospheric pressure external to the device  1800 . In this way, the volume of the first speaker  1863  can be increased. In at least one example, the material properties, shape, and dimensions of the gasket  1840  can be tuned to maximize at least one of the resonant frequencies of the first speaker  1863 . In at least one example, the gasket  1840  can be permeable to water but impermeable to dust and debris from the external environment. 
     The first speaker  1863  can include two peak resonance frequencies, a mechanical resonant frequency generated by shape of the first speaker  1863  itself operating in open air and front port resonance leveraging the length of the first vent  1849  as a tube that creates a higher pitch frequency and lets sound out from the first speaker  1863  through the housing  1802 . The pressure built up in the front volume  1855 , in part due to the seal formed by the gasket  1840 , affects the pressure waves of sound from the first speaker  1863  exiting the first vent  1849 . In this way, the gasket  1840  can tune the sound from the first speaker  1863  and increase the resonant tube frequency. In this way, multiple resonant frequencies (mechanical and tube) can be utilized and a broader range of sound frequencies can be increased. 
     Any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in  FIG.  20 J  can be included, either alone or in any combination, in any of the other examples of devices, features, components, and parts shown in the other figures. Likewise, any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in the other figures can be included, either alone or in any combination, in the example of the devices, features, components, and parts shown in  FIG.  20 J . 
       FIG.  20 K  illustrates a cross-sectional view of a portion of a device  1800  including a button  1808 , a housing  1802 , and a gasket  1840  extending between the housing  1802  and the button  1808 . The button  1808  can include an exterior color layer  1842  that can be formed by physical vapor deposition. The color layer  1842  can also be referred to as a PVD layer  1842 . The PVD layer can extend over a first surface  1844  angled or curved at a first angle or curvature and a second surface  1848  angled at a second angle different than the angle of the first surface  1844 . During the PVD process of forming the PVD layer  1842 , the PVD layer  1842  can be deposited onto the button  1808  in a constant direction regardless of the curvature, angles, or portion of the surface being deposited, in order to simplify the PVD process. In one example, the direction of deposition is indicated by the deposition direction  1850 . 
     Because the first angle of the first surface  1844  is different than the second angle of the second surface  1848 , relative to the deposition direction  1850 , the PVD layer  1842  deposited on the first surface  1844  is formed thicker than the PVD layer  1842  of the second surface  1848 . This can be due to the steeper angle of the second surface  1848  relative to the horizontal plane of  FIG.  20 K  orthogonal to the deposition direction  1850 . As shown, the PVD layer  1842  of the second surface  1848  is thinner than the PVD layer  1842  of the first surface  1844  due to this difference in angle relative to the deposition direction  1850 . The thickness of the PVD layer  1842  affects the color of the PVD layer  1842 . In one example, the thicker PVD layer  1842  at the first surface  1844  can appear red while the color of the PVD layer  1842  at a transition or corner surface  1846  between the first and second surfaces  1844 ,  1848  can appear blue and the color of the thinner PVD layer  1842  of the second surface  1848  can shift back toward red, for example appearing orange or red-orange. The thickness of the PVD layer  1842  at the corner  1846  can be thicker than the PVD layer  1842  at the second surface  1848  but thinner than the PVD layer  1842  at the first surface  1844 . 
     In the example noted above, the blue color of the PVD layer  1842  at the corner  1846  stands out more visually compared to the red color of the PVD layer  1842  at the first surface  1844  than the orange color of the PVD layer  1842  at the second surface  1848 . In order to minimize the contrast of the blue and red between the corner  1846  and the first surface  1844 , the corner  1846  can include a small radius of curvature to minimize the area of the surface of the button  1808  defined by the corner  1846 . While the PVD layer  1842  at the second surface  1848  is thinner than the PVD layer  1842  at the corner  1846 , the orange color of the PVD layer  1842  at the second surface  1848  is closer to red and visually less contrasting or noticeable. Thus, the angle of the second surface  1848  can be chosen to tune the thickness of the PVD layer  1842  on the second surface  1848  relative to the thickness of the PVD layer  1842  of the first surface  1842  in order to minimize the color difference. 
     In at least one example, the second surface  1848  is angled between about 1-degree and 10-degrees relative to the deposition direction  1850 , or between about 3-degrees and about 7-degrees relative to the deposition direction  1850 , for example at about 5-degrees relative to the deposition angle  1850 . In this way, the thickness of the PVD layer  1842  at the second surface  1848  can be less than about 50% of the thickness or less than the thickness of the PVD layer  1842  of the first surface  1844 . In examples where the PVD layer  1842  at the second surface  1848  is less than about 50% of the thickness of the PVD layer  1842  at the first surface, the color difference between the PVD layer  1842  of the first and second surfaces  1844 ,  1848  can be visually minimized. 
     Any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in  FIG.  20 K  can be included, either alone or in any combination, in any of the other examples of devices, features, components, and parts shown in the other figures. Likewise, any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in the other figures can be included, either alone or in any combination, in the example of the devices, features, components, and parts shown in  FIG.  20 K . 
       FIG.  21    illustrates a cross-sectional view of the assembly shown in  FIGS.  20 A- 20 F , with  1852  showing an internal volume of the device and  1802  being the outer housing. During manufacturing, in order to simplify machining of the housing  1802 , an angled receiving cavity for the speaker assembly can be machined into an inner surface of the housing  1802  so that machining tools can reach needed points in the housing to machine the cavity. Thus, in at least one example, the speaker assembly, including the speaker  1863  shown in  FIG.  21   , can be disposed at an angle relative to the horizontal plane  1831  of the device  1800 . In one example, the speaker angle Θ can be between about 5-degrees and 10-degrees from the horizontal plane  1831  of the device  1800 , for example about 7.5-degrees, and the cavity angle β can be between about 7-degrees and 13-degrees beyond the speaker angle Θ, for example about 10-degrees. 
     Any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in  FIG.  21    can be included, either alone or in any combination, in any of the other examples of devices, features, components, and parts shown in the other figures. Likewise, any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in the other figures can be included, either alone or in any combination, in the example of the devices, features, components, and parts shown in  FIG.  21   . 
     As noted above, the wearable electronic devices described herein can be configured to be used during any daily activity of the user. Often, the wearable device will rub against other objects, including clothing, or be subjected to wind if outside during use. Typically, these types of interactions, including rubbing, scratching, and wind blowing can cause negatively affect the performance of one or more microphones of the device. For example, some wearable devices can include a microphone to receive the user&#39;s voice during a cellular call using the device. However, often when speaking in an outside environment where wind is present, the wind can cause unwanted noised as it passed over the device and specifically as it passed over one or more microphone apertures in the housing of the device, which can create unwanted background noise and unclear voice transmission from the device. 
     For example, as shown in  FIG.  22   , a user is wearing a wearable electronic watch  1900  on his/her wrist while riding a bicycle. Such an activity causes wind to pass over and contact the device  1900 . The same may be true while walking, jogging, hiking, or any other active and/or outdoor activity.  FIG.  23    shows the device  1900  subject to wind flowing toward and around the device  1900 . Flow lines  1919  illustrate one possible flow path of wind crossing over the device  1900 . In some examples, turbulent currents  1921  can be created at one or more sides of the device  1900 . Such wind and turbulent flow can travel over certain components or opening to microphones and speakers of the device  1900  and cause unwanted noise when transmitting the user&#39;s voice during a cellular call or while recording his or her voice with the device  1900 . 
     The extent of such noise interference from wind can vary depending on the location of the microphone and the direction of the wind. As noted above, the principles discussed with respect to wind interference can also be true for other types of interference such as water and moisture interference and rubbing or scratching the device  1900  against other objects such as clothes.  FIG.  24    shows wind  1919  coming from various different directions all around the device  1900 . The locations  1917   a ,  1917   b ,  1917   c , and  1917   d  on the device  1900  illustrate potential locations of a microphone of the device  1900 . Again, the extent of noise interference from wind can vary depending on the location of the microphone and the direction of the wind and those directions and locations can vary from one moment to another during use. 
     In order to reduce the interference from wind and other objects, wearable electronic devices of the present systems and methods can include three microphones disposed in the internal volume of the device and configured to receive sound through three respective apertures, The location and orientation of the apertures and microphones can be such that while one or two of the microphones may pick up wind interference during use, at least one of the microphones and apertures will be positioned and oriented to pick up less interference noise. In such a configuration, the device can be configured to process the combined noise detected by all three microphones to reduce the noise. In one example, the device can be configured to rely more heavily on microphones picking up less interference noise such that the detected noise is clear and un-affected by the interference noise caused by the wind. 
     In at least one example, as shown in  FIG.  25   , a wearable electronic watch  2000  can include a housing sidewall  2028  defining an internal volume  2052  with the sidewall  2028  extending 360-degrees circumferentially around the internal volume  2052 . The sidewall  2028  can also define a first aperture  2015 , a second aperture  2013  between about 155-degrees and 205-degrees relative to the first aperture  2015 , and a third aperture  2011  closer to the second aperture  2013  than the first aperture  2015 . 
     In addition, the device  2000  can include a first microphone  2009  disposed in the internal volume  2052  and configured to receive sound through the first aperture  2015 , a second microphone  2007  disposed in the internal volume  2052  and configured to receive sound through the second aperture  2013 , and a third microphone  2005  disposed in the internal volume  2052  and configured to receive sound through the third aperture  2011 . 
     In one example, the device  2000  can include a first strap receiving feature  2001  and a second strap receiving feature  2003  opposite the first strap receiving feature  2001 . A first sidewall portion  2004  can extend between the first strap receiving feature  2001  and the second strap receiving feature  2003  with the first sidewall portion  2004  defining the first aperture  2015  closer to the first strap receiving feature  2001  than the second strap receiving feature  2003 . Further, one example can include a second sidewall portion  2006  disposed opposite the first sidewall portion  2004  and extending between the first strap receiving feature  2001  and the second strap receiving feature  2003 , the second sidewall portion  2006  defining a second aperture  2013  and a third aperture  2011 , the second aperture  2013  defined closer to the second strap receiving feature  2003  than the first strap receiving feature  2001 . In such an example, as shown in  FIG.  25   , the device  2000  can include a first microphone  2009  disposed in the internal volume  2052  adjacent the first aperture  2015 , a second microphone  2007  disposed in the internal volume  2052  adjacent the second aperture  2013 , and a third microphone  2005  disposed in the internal volume  2052  adjacent the third aperture  2011 . While the present system is described as detecting noises and wind from various side directions, the present system can also include microphones oriented to detect sounds and wind from various orientations including into and out of the page illustrated in  FIG.  24   . 
     In one example, as shown in  FIG.  25   , the electronic device  2000  can include a fourth aperture  2008 . The first microphone  2009  can be disposed in the internal volume  2052  adjacent the first aperture  2015 , the second microphone  2007  can be disposed in the internal volume  2052  adjacent the second aperture  2013 , and the third microphone  2005  can be disposed in the internal volume  2052  adjacent the third aperture  2011 . In addition, a speaker  2010  can be disposed in the internal volume  2052  adjacent the fourth aperture  2008  such that a distance along the sidewall  2028  between the first and second apertures  2015 ,  2013  is larger than a distance along the sidewall  2028  between the second and third apertures  2013 ,  2011  and the fourth aperture  2008  is adjacent the first aperture  2015 . 
     In at least one example, the second aperture  2013  and the third aperture  2011  can be defined on a distal side of the wearable electronic watch. The distal side of the wearable electronic watch  2000  can include or be defined by the second sidewall portion  2006  where the term “distal” refers to anatomically distal when worn on the wrist of the user. In other words, the distal side of the wearable electronic watch  2000  includes the side facing the hand of the user when worn. Conversely, the proximal side of the wearable electronic watch  2000  can include or be defined by the first sidewall portion  2004  where the term “proximal” refers to anatomically proximal when worn on the wrist of the user. In other words, the proximal side of the wearable electronic watch  200  includes the side facing the forearm of the user when worn. In at least one example, the first aperture  2015  can be defined on the proximal side of the wearable electronic watch  2000 . 
     In at least one example, the second aperture  2013  cam be defined between about 170 and 190 degrees relative to the first aperture  2015 . In such an example, the third aperture  2011  can be defined between about 30 and 60 degrees counterclockwise along the sidewall  2028  relative to the second aperture  2013 . In one example, the third aperture  2011  can be defined between about 40 and 50 degrees counterclockwise along the sidewall  2028  relative to the second aperture  2013 . 
     In at least one example of the wearable electronic watch  2000 , the sidewall  2028  defines the strap receiving feature  2001  between the first aperture  2015  and the second aperture  2013 . The sidewall  2028  can further define the second strap receiving feature  2003  opposite the first strap receiving feature  2001  and between the third aperture  2011  and the first aperture  2015 . In at least one example, the first aperture  2015  can be defined closer to the first strap receiving feature  2001  than the second strap receiving feature  2003  and the second aperture  2013  can be defined closer to the second strap receiving feature  2003  than the first strap receiving feature  2001 . In one example, the third aperture  2011  can be defined between the second aperture  2013  and the first strap receiving feature  2001 . 
     In at least one example, the third aperture  2011  is defined between about 30 and 60 degrees counterclockwise from the second aperture  2013  along the housing sidewall  2028 . The first aperture  2015  can be defined between about 170 and 190 degrees from the second aperture  2013  along the housing sidewall  2028 . In at least one example, the first aperture  2015  can be defined proximally relative to the first strap receiving feature  2001  and the second strap receiving feature  2003  and the second aperture  2013  and the third aperture  2011  can defined distally relative to the first strap receiving feature  2001  and the second strap receiving feature  2003 . 
     In at least one example, the first microphone  2009  can be oriented to receive sound from a first direction and the second microphone  2007  can be oriented to receive sound from a second direction different than the first direction. In one example, the second direction is opposite the first direction. In such an example, the first aperture  2015  and the fourth aperture  2008  can be defined on a proximal side of the electronic device  2000 . In such an example, the second and third apertures  2013 ,  2011  can be defined on a distal side of the electronic device  2000 . 
     Any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in  FIGS.  22 - 25    can be included, either alone or in any combination, in any of the other examples of devices, features, components, and parts shown in the other figures. Likewise, any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in the other figures can be included, either alone or in any combination, in the example of the devices, features, components, and parts shown in  FIGS.  22 - 25   . 
       FIG.  26    illustrates another example of a wearable electronic device  2100  including a sidewall  2128  defining an internal volume  2152  and first, second, and third apertures  2115 ,  2113 , and  2111 , respectively. A first microphone  2109  is disposed in the internal volume  2152  adjacent the first aperture  2115  and configured to receive sound through the first aperture  2115 . A second microphone  2107  is disposed in the internal volume  2152  adjacent the second aperture  2113  and configured to receive sound through the second aperture  2113 . A third microphone  2105  is disposed in the internal volume  2152  adjacent the third aperture  2111  and configured to receive sound through the third aperture  2111 . In the illustrated example of  FIG.  26   , the apertures  2115 ,  2113 , and  2111  are defined by a distal sidewall portion  2106  between the first and second strap receiving features  2101  and  2103 , respectively. 
     Any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in  FIG.  26    can be included, either alone or in any combination, in any of the other examples of devices, features, components, and parts shown in the other figures. Likewise, any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in the other figures can be included, either alone or in any combination, in the example of the devices, features, components, and parts shown in  FIG.  26   . 
       FIG.  27    shows another example of a wearable electronic device  2200  including a sidewall  2228  defining an internal volume  2252  and first and second apertures  2215  and  2213 , respectively. A first microphone  2209  is disposed in the internal volume  2252  adjacent the first aperture  2215  and configured to receive sound through the first aperture  2215 . A second microphone  2207  is disposed in the internal volume  2252  adjacent the second aperture  2213  and configured to receive sound through the second aperture  2213 . In the illustrated example of  FIG.  27   , the aperture  2215  is defined by a proximal sidewall portion  2204  between the first and second strap receiving features  2201  and  2203 , respectively. The second aperture  2213  is defined by a distal sidewall portion  2206  between the first and second strap receiving features  2201  and  2203 , respectively. 
     Any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in  FIG.  27    can be included, either alone or in any combination, in any of the other examples of devices, features, components, and parts shown in the other figures. Likewise, any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in the other figures can be included, either alone or in any combination, in the example of the devices, features, components, and parts shown in  FIG.  27   . 
       FIG.  28    illustrates another example of a wearable electronic device  2300  including a sidewall  2328  defining an internal volume  2352  and first and second apertures  2313  and  2311 , respectively. A first microphone  2307  is disposed in the internal volume  2352  adjacent the first aperture  2313  and configured to receive sound through the first aperture  2313 . A second microphone  2305  is disposed in the internal volume  2352  adjacent the second aperture  2311  and configured to receive sound through the second aperture  2311 . In the illustrated example of  FIG.  28   , the apertures  2312  and  2111  are defined by a distal sidewall portion  2306  between the first and second strap receiving features  2301  and  2303 , respectively. 
     Any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in  FIG.  28    can be included, either alone or in any combination, in any of the other examples of devices, features, components, and parts shown in the other figures. Likewise, any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in the other figures can be included, either alone or in any combination, in the example of the devices, features, components, and parts shown in  FIG.  28   . 
     In each example shown in  FIGS.  25 - 28   , the device can be configured to receive and process multiple audio signals from the multiple microphones through the multiple apertures and identify the microphone with the lowest perceived wind noise. This microphone can be used as the baseline and data can be extracted from the other locations to process a clear audio signal. This can improve audio transmission and detection performance in windy conditions, when the device is rubbed against another object, or when one or more microphone apertures gets clogged with debris and/or liquid. 
       FIG.  29 A  shows a bottom elevation view of an example of a back cover  1114  and an electromagnetically transparent component  1116  assembled together to form the back side or back surface of a device  1100 . In at least one example, the back cover  1114  can be secured to the sidewalls  1128  of the device  1100 . 
     In at least one example, the back cover  1114  can be secured to the sidewalls  1128  using one or more fasteners  1192 . In the illustrated example of  FIG.  29 A , four fasteners  1192  are used to secure the back cover  1114  to the sidewalls  1128 , with one fastener  1192  disposed at each corner of the device  1100 . Using the fasteners shown, the back cover  1114 , which in some examples can be made of ceramic, glass, or other brittle material, the back cover  1114  can be secured to the sidewalls  1128  without cracking, separating from the sidewalls  1128 , or otherwise being damaged during assembly. 
     In at least one example, the back cover  1114  can include zirconia, or other brittle material, which is hard to CNC and machine to form intricate connection features. Using the fasteners shown in the figures to secure the back cover  1114  to the sidewalls  1128  of the device  1100  can simplify the geometry of the back cover  1114  in order to simplify the manufacturing process thereof. For example, as shown in the cross-sectional view of  FIG.  15 B , the back cover  1114  can be formed of a simple geometry extending around the electromagnetically transparent component  1116  and defining a through hole  1194  for each fastener  1192  to pass through. 
     In at least one example, each fastener  1192  can be disposed through the back cover  1114  a certain distance away from an outer peripheral edge of the back cover  1114  such that enough material is present between the fastener  1192  and the outer peripheral edge of the back cover  1114  to prevent cracking of the back cover between the fastener and the outer edge. This distance is also designed to reduce any stress concentrations in the back cover  1114  during and after assembly as the fastener  1192  presses the material of the back cover  1114  against the sidewalls  1128 . 
     As shown in  FIGS.  30  and  31   , in at least one example, the through hole  1194  defined by the back cover  1114  can include a counter bore in which the head  1196  of the fastener  1192  is disposed when assembled. In addition, in at least one example, the head  1196  of the fastener  1192  can include an outwardly extend flange  1198  with a gasket  1199  pressed between the flange  1198  and the back cover  1114 . In one example, the fastener  1192  can include a threaded screw. When assembled, the threaded screw can be threaded into a threaded receiving hole defined by the sidewalls  1128  such that the head  1196  of the fastener  1192  presses the back cover  1114  against the sidewalls  1128 . 
     The flange  1198  thus presses against the gasket  1199  forming an environmental seal against external moisture and other debris from entering the through hole  1194 . This environmental seal can also reduce corrosion of the fastener itself as it prevent water or other moisture/fluid from entering the through hole  1194  and coming into contact with the fastener  1192  disposed inside the through hole  1194 .  FIG.  31    shows an O-ring seal  1197  instead of the gasket shown in the example of  FIG.  30   , and  FIG.  32    shows a side view of the fastener  1192  with the gasket  1199  disposed underneath the flange  1198 . 
     Any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in  FIGS.  29 A- 32    can be included, either alone or in any combination, in any of the other examples of devices, features, components, and parts shown in the other figures. Likewise, any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in the other figures can be included, either alone or in any combination, in the example of the devices, features, components, and parts shown in  FIGS.  29 A- 32   . 
     In at least one example, as shown in  FIG.  33 A , the fastener  1292  can include an eave feature  1295  defined by the flange  1298  on a lower side of the head  1296  configured to constrain an O-ring or gasket laterally as the fastener  1292  pressed downward on the O-ring or gasket.  FIG.  33 B  shows an example of an O-ring  1297  disposed in the eave feature  1295 . Any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in  FIGS.  33 A and  33 B  can be included, either alone or in any combination, in any of the other examples of devices, features, components, and parts shown in the other figures. Likewise, any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in the other figures can be included, either alone or in any combination, in the example of the devices, features, components, and parts shown in  FIGS.  33 A and  33 B . 
       FIG.  34    illustrates a five-pointed punch  1393  indented into a top surface of the head  1396  of a fastener  1392  with convex transition edges between each of the five points of the punch shape.  FIG.  35    illustrates a five-pointed punch  1493  indented into a top surface of the head  1496  of a fastener  1492  with five concave points to form a five-leaf clover shape of the punch  1493 . These punches  1393 ,  1493  can provide aesthetically pleasing punch designs and tool-specific mating features for assembly and disassembly that increase surface area and engagement for secure fastening and removal thereof. 
     Further, as shown in the top and side views of  FIGS.  36 A and  36 B , respectively, the top surface of a fastener head  1596  can include patterns and lines  1591  to further improve the aesthetic appeal, while improving surface engagement and secure removal, of the fastener  1592  and other fasteners described herein and shown in other figures. In at least one example, the lines  1591  can be scored, machines, etches, or otherwise physically formed into the surface of the head  1596 . As shown from the side view of  FIG.  36 B , the lines or scoring features  1591  can be formed to a certain depth into the head  1596  of the fastener  1592 . 
       FIG.  37    illustrates a flow chart of a method  1600  of forming the score lines and/or machined features  1591  shown in  FIGS.  36 A and  36 B . In a first step of the method  1600 , a 50-degree feature is machined or otherwise formed into the surface at a depth of approximately 0.01 mm. Next, in step  1687  of the method  1600 , the feature can be widened to approximately 130-degrees at the same depth. Next, at step  1685 , the feature can be increased to a depth of approximately 0.05 mm to form an approximately 45-degree feature. Then, at step  1683 , the feature can be widened to approximately 60-degrees at the same depth of approximately 0.05 mm. Next, the depth of the feature can be increased to approximately 0.10 mm to form an approximately 45-degree feature. The angles and depth dimensions shown in  FIG.  37    and described herein are exemplary only and can vary to form features of different sizes, shapes, number, and depth. In general, the depth and angle of the features can be iteratively widened and deepened as described until the desired depth and angle of each feature is accomplished. 
     Any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in  FIGS.  33 A- 37    can be included, either alone or in any combination, in any of the other examples of devices, features, components, and parts shown in the other figures. Likewise, any of the features, components, and/or parts, including the arrangements and configurations thereof shown in the other figures can be included, either alone or in any combination, in the example of the devices, features, components, and parts shown in  FIGS.  33 A- 37   . 
     Wearable electronic devices currently on the market, including current wearable electronic watches, cannot accurately detect environmental pressures in both submerged environments and above water. Usually, this is because the scale of pressures is so different between air pressure above water and fluid pressure below water. It can be especially difficult to configure a single pressure sensor into such a device that is sensitive enough to detect changes in air pressure above water but robust enough to detect pressure changes under water, for example up to 10-bar under water. 
     However, devices of the present disclosure, including the wearable electronic devices and watches described herein, can include a single pressure sensor to detect pressure above water and below water up to 10-bar. In at least one example, the pressure sensor can be electrically connected to an ASIC switch and associated circuitry and processors to switch pressure scales when high pressures are detected when the device is submerged under water. 
     For example, such an ASIC circuitry connected to the sensor can include a low gain mode that measures depth and a high gain mode that measures depth and elevation. This change in gain can be switched with the ASIC to tune the sensor between water and air sensitivities. The processor of the device can also receive temperature measurement from a temperature sensor of the device to take into account the temperature of the external environment, which can affect the pressure sensor reading and sensitivity. Along these lines, at least one example of such a device can also include a heater to apply heat to the pressure sensor in order to perform a health check on the sensor to calibrate the sensor to its original calibration that was performed or set at the same temperature to which it is heated by the heater. 
     To the extent applicable to the present technology, gathering and use of data available from various sources can be used to improve the delivery to users of invitational content or any other content that may be of interest to them. The present disclosure contemplates that in some instances, this gathered data may include personal information data that uniquely identifies or can be used to contact or locate a specific person. Such personal information data can include demographic data, location-based data, telephone numbers, email addresses, TWITTER® ID&#39;s, home addresses, data or records relating to a user&#39;s health or level of fitness (e.g., vital signs measurements, medication information, exercise information), date of birth, or any other identifying or personal information. 
     The present disclosure recognizes that the use of such personal information data, in the present technology, can be used to the benefit of users. For example, the personal information data can be used to deliver targeted content that is of greater interest to the user. Accordingly, use of such personal information data enables users to calculated control of the delivered content. Further, other uses for personal information data that benefit the user are also contemplated by the present disclosure. For instance, health and fitness data may be used to provide insights into a user&#39;s general wellness, or may be used as positive feedback to individuals using technology to pursue wellness goals. 
     The present disclosure contemplates that the entities responsible for the collection, analysis, disclosure, transfer, storage, or other use of such personal information data will comply with well-established privacy policies and/or privacy practices. In particular, such entities should implement and consistently use privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining personal information data private and secure. Such policies should be easily accessible by users, and should be updated as the collection and/or use of data changes. Personal information from users should be collected for legitimate and reasonable uses of the entity and not shared or sold outside of those legitimate uses. Further, such collection/sharing should occur after receiving the informed consent of the users. Additionally, such entities should consider taking any needed steps for safeguarding and securing access to such personal information data and ensuring that others with access to the personal information data adhere to their privacy policies and procedures. Further, such entities can subject themselves to evaluation by third parties to certify their adherence to widely accepted privacy policies and practices. In addition, policies and practices should be adapted for the particular types of personal information data being collected and/or accessed and adapted to applicable laws and standards, including jurisdiction-specific considerations. For instance, in the US, collection of or access to certain health data may be governed by federal and/or state laws, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA); whereas health data in other countries may be subject to other regulations and policies and should be handled accordingly. Hence different privacy practices should be maintained for different personal data types in each country. 
     Despite the foregoing, the present disclosure also contemplates embodiments in which users selectively block the use of, or access to, personal information data. That is, the present disclosure contemplates that hardware and/or software elements can be provided to prevent or block access to such personal information data. For example, in the case of advertisement delivery services, the present technology can be configured to allow users to select to “opt in” or “opt out” of participation in the collection of personal information data during registration for services or anytime thereafter. In another example, users can select not to provide mood-associated data for targeted content delivery services. In yet another example, users can select to limit the length of time mood-associated data is maintained or entirely prohibit the development of a baseline mood profile. In addition to providing “opt in” and “opt out” options, the present disclosure contemplates providing notifications relating to the access or use of personal information. For instance, a user may be notified upon downloading an app that their personal information data will be accessed and then reminded again just before personal information data is accessed by the app. 
     Moreover, it is the intent of the present disclosure that personal information data should be managed and handled in a way to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use. Risk can be minimized by limiting the collection of data and deleting data once it is no longer needed. In addition, and when applicable, including in certain health related applications, data de-identification can be used to protect a user&#39;s privacy. De-identification may be facilitated, when appropriate, by removing specific identifiers (e.g., date of birth, etc.), controlling the amount or specificity of data stored (e.g., collecting location data a city level rather than at an address level), controlling how data is stored (e.g., aggregating data across users), and/or other methods. 
     Therefore, although the present disclosure broadly covers use of personal information data to implement one or more various disclosed embodiments, the present disclosure also contemplates that the various embodiments can also be implemented without the need for accessing such personal information data. That is, the various embodiments of the present technology are not rendered inoperable due to the lack of all or a portion of such personal information data. For example, content can be selected and delivered to users by inferring preferences based on non-personal information data or a bare minimum amount of personal information, such as the content being requested by the device associated with a user, other non-personal information available to the content delivery services, or publicly available information. 
     The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, used specific nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the specific details are not required in order to practice the described embodiments. Thus, the foregoing descriptions of the specific embodiments described herein are presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not target to be exhaustive or to limit the embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20220922
Publication Date: 20241029
Grant Date: 20241029
Priority Date: 20220114
Inventors: DESCHAMPS, DANIELA M.
JACKSON, ROSS L.
ELY, COLIN M.
ATURA BUSHNELL, TYLER S.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "A45C11/002", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "A45C11/002", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1626", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1637", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G04G17/02", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04R2410/07", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04R1/406", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04R1/2838", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04R1/24", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04R1/2811", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04R2499/11", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1688", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G04G21/00", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1671", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1684", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/163", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1637", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1656", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1656", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "A45C2011/002", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1637", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1626", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1656", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 87161750