PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-10528139-B2
Application Number: US-201815863765-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Devices, methods, and graphical user interfaces for haptic mixing

Abstract:
An electronic device receives a first set of one or more inputs corresponding to user interface elements displayed on the display and a first set of one or more tactile outputs, and also receives a second set of one or more inputs corresponding to one or more hardware elements and a second set of one or more tactile outputs. In response, in accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the second set of one or more tactile outputs overlap, the device outputs, with one or more tactile output generators, a modified tactile output sequence that is modified so as to emphasize the second set of one or more tactile outputs relative to the first set of one or more tactile outputs.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A method, comprising:
 at an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and a set of one or more tactile output generators:
 detecting a triggering condition for a first set of one or more tactile outputs with a first priority; 
 detecting a triggering condition for a second set of one or more tactile outputs with a second priority; and 
 in response to detecting the triggering condition for the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the triggering condition for the second set of one or more tactile outputs and in accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more tactile outputs are scheduled to at least partially overlap with the second set of one or more tactile outputs:
 in accordance with a determination that the first priority is higher than the second priority, outputting the second set of one or more tactile outputs, including, in accordance with a determination that the second set of one or more tactile outputs includes a first portion that precedes a second portion that overlaps with the first set of one or more tactile outputs, reducing an output level of the first portion of the second set of one or more tactile outputs prior to outputting, at reduced scale, at least the second portion of the second set of one or more tactile outputs that overlaps with the first set of one or more tactile outputs; and 
 in accordance with a determination that the second priority is higher than the first priority, outputting the first set of one or more tactile outputs, including, in accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more tactile outputs includes a first portion that precedes a second portion that overlaps with the second set of one or more tactile outputs, reducing an output level of the first portion of the first set of one or more tactile outputs prior to outputting, at reduced scale, at least the portion of the first set of one or more tactile outputs that overlaps with the second set of one or more tactile outputs. 
 
 
 
     
     
       2. The method of  claim 1 , including:
 generating combined tactile outputs by combining at least the first set of one or more tactile outputs, including any portion thereof with reduced scale, and the second set of one or more tactile outputs, including any portion thereof with reduced scale; and 
 outputting, with the set of one or more tactile output generators, a tactile output sequence based on the combined tactile outputs. 
 
     
     
       3. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the output level of the first portion of a respective set of one or more tactile outputs is gradually reduced from a first output level to a second output level. 
     
     
       4. The method of  claim 3 , wherein the second output level is greater than zero. 
     
     
       5. The method of  claim 1 , including, in accordance with a determination that the first priority is the same as the second priority, combining the first set of one or more tactile outputs with the second set of one or more tactile outputs without reducing a scale of the first set of one or more tactile outputs relative to a scale of the second set of one or more tactile outputs. 
     
     
       6. The method of  claim 1 , including, in response to detecting the triggering condition for the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the triggering condition for the second set of one or more tactile outputs and in accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more tactile outputs is not scheduled to overlap with other tactile outputs, outputting, with the set of one or more tactile output generators, the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the second set of one or more tactile outputs without reducing a scale of the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the second set of one or more tactile outputs. 
     
     
       7. The method of  claim 1 , including:
 detecting a triggering condition for a third set of one or more tactile outputs with a third priority that is higher than the second priority and the first priority; and 
 in response to detecting the triggering condition for the third set of one or more tactile outputs and in accordance with a determination that the third set of one or more tactile outputs are scheduled to at least partially overlap with the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the second set of one or more tactile outputs:
 reducing a scale of at least a portion of the first set of one or more tactile outputs that overlaps with the third set of one or more tactile outputs; and 
 reducing a scale of at least a portion of the second set of one or more tactile outputs that overlaps with the third set of one or more tactile outputs. 
 
 
     
     
       8. The method of  claim 7 , wherein the third set of one or more tactile outputs with the third priority corresponds to one or more hardware elements distinct from the display. 
     
     
       9. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the first set of one or more tactile outputs with the first priority corresponds to asynchronous events. 
     
     
       10. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the second set of one or more tactile outputs with the second priority corresponds to synchronous events. 
     
     
       11. The method of  claim 1 , including, in response to detecting the triggering condition for the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the triggering condition for the second set of one or more tactile outputs and in accordance with the determination that the first set of one or more tactile outputs are scheduled to at least partially overlap with the second set of one or more tactile outputs and in accordance with the determination that the first priority is higher than the second priority, in conjunction with outputting, at reduced scale, at least the second portion of the second set of one or more tactile outputs with the second priority, outputting the first set of one or more tactile outputs with the first priority. 
     
     
       12. The method of  claim 1 , including, in response to detecting the triggering condition for the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the triggering condition for the second set of one or more tactile outputs and in accordance with the determination that the first set of one or more tactile outputs are scheduled to at least partially overlap with the second set of one or more tactile outputs and in accordance with the determination that the second priority is higher than the first priority, in conjunction with outputting at reduced scale, at least the second portion of the first set of one or more tactile outputs with the first priority, outputting the second set of one or more tactile outputs with the second priority. 
     
     
       13. The method of  claim 1 , including:
 playing an audio output that is synchronized with the first set of one or more tactile outputs or the second set of one or more tactile outputs; and 
 continuing to play the audio output without modification independently of whether or not the scale of at least the second portion of the first set of one or more tactile outputs that overlaps with the second set of one or more tactile outputs or the scale of at least the second portion of the second set of one or more tactile outputs that overlaps with the first set of one or more tactile outputs is reduced. 
 
     
     
       14. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 receiving a first set of one or more inputs corresponding to user interface elements displayed on the display, wherein the first set of one or more inputs corresponds to the first set of one or more tactile outputs with the first priority; and 
 receiving a second set of one or more inputs corresponding to one or more hardware elements distinct from the display, wherein the second set of one or more inputs corresponds to the second set of one or more tactile outputs with the second priority; 
 wherein the second priority is higher than the first priority. 
 
     
     
       15. The method of  claim 14 , wherein the second set of one or more inputs corresponds to a click gesture, or a portion of a click gesture, performed using a respective hardware element. 
     
     
       16. An electronic device, comprising:
 a display; 
 a touch-sensitive surface; 
 a set of one or more tactile output generators; 
 one or more processors; 
 memory; and 
 one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for:
 detecting a triggering condition for a first set of one or more tactile outputs with a first priority; 
 detecting a triggering condition for a second set of one or more tactile outputs with a second priority; and 
 in response to detecting the triggering condition for the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the triggering condition for the second set of one or more tactile outputs and in accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more tactile outputs are scheduled to at least partially overlap with the second set of one or more tactile outputs:
 in accordance with a determination that the first priority is higher than the second priority, outputting the second set of one or more tactile outputs, including, in accordance with a determination that the second set of one or more tactile outputs includes a first portion that precedes a second portion that overlaps with the first set of one or more tactile outputs, reducing an output level of the first portion of the second set of one or more tactile outputs prior to outputting, at reduced scale, at least the second portion of the second set of one or more tactile outputs that overlaps with the first set of one or more tactile outputs; and 
 in accordance with a determination that the second priority is higher than the first priority, outputting the first set of one or more tactile outputs, including, in accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more tactile outputs includes a first portion that precedes a second portion that overlaps with the second set of one or more tactile outputs, reducing an output level of the first portion of the first set of one or more tactile outputs prior to outputting, at reduced scale, at least the second portion of the first set of one or more tactile outputs that overlaps with the second set of one or more tactile outputs. 
 
 
 
     
     
       17. The electronic device of  claim 16 , wherein the one or more programs include instructions for:
 generating combined tactile outputs by combining at least the first set of one or more tactile outputs, including any portion thereof with reduced scale, and the second set of one or more tactile outputs, including any portion thereof with reduced scale; and 
 outputting, with the set of one or more tactile output generators, a tactile output sequence based on the combined tactile outputs. 
 
     
     
       18. The electronic device of  claim 16 , wherein the output level of the first portion of a respective set of one or more tactile outputs is gradually reduced from a first output level to a second output level. 
     
     
       19. The electronic device of  claim 18 , wherein the second output level is greater than zero. 
     
     
       20. The electronic device of  claim 16 , wherein the one or more programs include instructions for, in accordance with a determination that the first priority is the same as the second priority, combining the first set of one or more tactile outputs with the second set of one or more tactile outputs without reducing a scale of the first set of one or more tactile outputs relative to a scale of the second set of one or more tactile outputs. 
     
     
       21. The electronic device of  claim 16 , wherein the one or more programs include instructions for, in response to detecting the triggering condition for the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the triggering condition for the second set of one or more tactile outputs and in accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more tactile outputs is not scheduled to overlap with other tactile outputs, outputting, with the set of one or more tactile output generators, the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the second set of one or more tactile outputs without reducing a scale of the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the second set of one or more tactile outputs. 
     
     
       22. The electronic device of  claim 16 , wherein the one or more programs include instructions for:
 detecting a triggering condition for a third set of one or more tactile outputs with a third priority that is higher than the second priority and the first priority; and 
 in response to detecting the triggering condition for the third set of one or more tactile outputs and in accordance with a determination that the third set of one or more tactile outputs are scheduled to at least partially overlap with the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the second set of one or more tactile outputs:
 reducing a scale of at least a portion of the first set of one or more tactile outputs that overlaps with the third set of one or more tactile outputs; and 
 reducing a scale of at least a portion of the second set of one or more tactile outputs that overlaps with the third set of one or more tactile outputs. 
 
 
     
     
       23. The electronic device of  claim 22 , wherein the third set of one or more tactile outputs with the third priority corresponds to one or more hardware elements distinct from the display. 
     
     
       24. The electronic device of  claim 16 , wherein the first set of one or more tactile outputs with the first priority corresponds to asynchronous events. 
     
     
       25. The electronic device of  claim 16 , wherein the second set of one or more tactile outputs with the second priority corresponds to synchronous events. 
     
     
       26. The electronic device of  claim 16 , wherein the one or more programs include instructions for, in response to detecting the triggering condition for the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the triggering condition for the second set of one or more tactile outputs and in accordance with the determination that the first set of one or more tactile outputs are scheduled to at least partially overlap with the second set of one or more tactile outputs and in accordance with the determination that the first priority is higher than the second priority, in conjunction with outputting, at reduced scale, at least the second portion of the second set of one or more tactile outputs with the second priority, outputting the first set of one or more tactile outputs with the first priority. 
     
     
       27. The electronic device of  claim 16 , wherein the one or more programs include instructions for, in response to detecting the triggering condition for the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the triggering condition for the second set of one or more tactile outputs and in accordance with the determination that the first set of one or more tactile outputs are scheduled to at least partially overlap with the second set of one or more tactile outputs and in accordance with the determination that the second priority is higher than the first priority, in conjunction with outputting, at reduced scale, at least the second portion of the first set of one or more tactile outputs with the first priority, outputting the second set of one or more tactile outputs with the second priority. 
     
     
       28. The electronic device of  claim 16 , wherein the one or more programs include instructions for:
 playing an audio output that is synchronized with the first set of one or more tactile outputs or the second set of one or more tactile outputs; and 
 continuing to play the audio output without modification independently of whether or not the scale of at least the second portion of the first set of one or more tactile outputs that overlaps with the second set of one or more tactile outputs or the scale of at least the second portion of the second set of one or more tactile outputs that overlaps with the first set of one or more tactile outputs is reduced. 
 
     
     
       29. The electronic device of  claim 16 , wherein the one or more programs include instructions for:
 receiving a first set of one or more inputs corresponding to user interface elements displayed on the display, wherein the first set of one or more inputs corresponds to the first set of one or more tactile outputs with the first priority; and 
 receiving a second set of one or more inputs corresponding to one or more hardware elements distinct from the display, wherein the second set of one or more inputs corresponds to the second set of one or more tactile outputs with the second priority; 
 wherein the second priority is higher than the first priority. 
 
     
     
       30. The electronic device of  claim 29 , wherein the second set of one or more inputs corresponds to a click gesture, or a portion of a click gesture, performed using a respective hardware element. 
     
     
       31. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions, which when executed by an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and a set of one or more tactile output generators, cause the device to:
 detect a triggering condition for a first set of one or more tactile outputs with a first priority; 
 detect a triggering condition for a second set of one or more tactile outputs with a second priority; and 
 in response to detecting the triggering condition for the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the triggering condition for the second set of one or more tactile outputs and in accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more tactile outputs are scheduled to at least partially overlap with the second set of one or more tactile outputs:
 in accordance with a determination that the first priority is higher than the second priority, output the second set of one or more tactile outputs, including, in accordance with a determination that the second set of one or more tactile outputs includes a first portion that precedes a second portion that overlaps with the first set of one or more tactile outputs, reducing an output level of the first portion of the second set of one or more tactile outputs prior to outputting, at reduced scale, at least the second portion of the second set of one or more tactile outputs that overlaps with the first set of one or more tactile outputs; and 
 in accordance with a determination that the second priority is higher than the first priority, output the first set of one or more tactile outputs, including, in accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more tactile outputs includes a first portion that precedes a second portion that overlaps with the second set of one or more tactile outputs, reducing an output level of the first portion of the first set of one or more tactile outputs prior to outputting, at reduced scale, at least the second portion of the first set of one or more tactile outputs that overlaps with the second set of one or more tactile outputs. 
 
 
     
     
       32. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 31 , wherein the one or more programs include instructions that, when executed by the electronic device, cause the device to:
 generate combined tactile outputs by combining at least the first set of one or more tactile outputs, including any portion thereof with reduced scale, and the second set of one or more tactile outputs, including any portion thereof with reduced scale; and 
 output, with the set of one or more tactile output generators, a tactile output sequence based on the combined tactile outputs. 
 
     
     
       33. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 31 , wherein the output level of the first portion of a respective set of one or more tactile outputs is gradually reduced from a first output level to a second output level. 
     
     
       34. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 31 , wherein the second output level is greater than zero. 
     
     
       35. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 31 , wherein the one or more programs include instructions that, when executed by the electronic device, cause the device, in accordance with a determination that the first priority is the same as the second priority, to combine the first set of one or more tactile outputs with the second set of one or more tactile outputs without reducing a scale of the first set of one or more tactile outputs relative to a scale of the second set of one or more tactile outputs. 
     
     
       36. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 31 , wherein the one or more programs include instructions that, when executed by the electronic device, cause the device, in response to detecting the triggering condition for the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the triggering condition for the second set of one or more tactile outputs and in accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more tactile outputs is not scheduled to overlap with other tactile outputs, to output, with the set of one or more tactile output generators, the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the second set of one or more tactile outputs without reducing a scale of the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the second set of one or more tactile outputs. 
     
     
       37. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 31 , wherein the one or more programs include instructions that, when executed by the electronic device, cause the device to:
 detect a triggering condition for a third set of one or more tactile outputs with a third priority that is higher than the second priority and the first priority; and 
 in response to detecting the triggering condition for the third set of one or more tactile outputs and in accordance with a determination that the third set of one or more tactile outputs are scheduled to at least partially overlap with the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the second set of one or more tactile outputs:
 reduce a scale of at least a portion of the first set of one or more tactile outputs that overlaps with the third set of one or more tactile outputs; and 
 reduce a scale of at least a portion of the second set of one or more tactile outputs that overlaps with the third set of one or more tactile outputs. 
 
 
     
     
       38. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 37 , wherein the third set of one or more tactile outputs with the third priority corresponds to one or more hardware elements distinct from the display. 
     
     
       39. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 31 , wherein the first set of one or more tactile outputs with the first priority corresponds to asynchronous events. 
     
     
       40. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 31 , wherein the second set of one or more tactile outputs with the second priority corresponds to synchronous events. 
     
     
       41. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 31 , wherein the one or more programs include instructions that, when executed by the electronic device, cause the device, in response to detecting the triggering condition for the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the triggering condition for the second set of one or more tactile outputs and in accordance with the determination that the first set of one or more tactile outputs are scheduled to at least partially overlap with the second set of one or more tactile outputs and in accordance with the determination that the first priority is higher than the second priority, in conjunction with outputting, at reduced scale, at least the second portion of the second set of one or more tactile outputs with the second priority, to output the first set of one or more tactile outputs with the first priority. 
     
     
       42. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 31 , wherein the one or more programs include instructions that, when executed by the electronic device, cause the device, in response to detecting the triggering condition for the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the triggering condition for the second set of one or more tactile outputs and in accordance with the determination that the first set of one or more tactile outputs are scheduled to at least partially overlap with the second set of one or more tactile outputs and in accordance with the determination that the second priority is higher than the first priority, in conjunction with outputting, at reduced scale, at least the second portion of the first set of one or more tactile outputs with the first priority, to output the second set of one or more tactile outputs with the second priority. 
     
     
       43. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 31 , wherein the one or more programs include instructions that, when executed by the electronic device, cause the device to:
 play an audio output that is synchronized with the first set of one or more tactile outputs or the second set of one or more tactile outputs; and 
 continue to play the audio output without modification independently of whether or not the scale of at least the second portion of the first set of one or more tactile outputs that overlaps with the second set of one or more tactile outputs or the scale of at least the second portion of the second set of one or more tactile outputs that overlaps with the first set of one or more tactile outputs is reduced. 
 
     
     
       44. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 31 , wherein the one or more programs include instructions that, when executed by the electronic device, cause the device to:
 receive a first set of one or more inputs corresponding to user interface elements displayed on the display, wherein the first set of one or more inputs corresponds to the first set of one or more tactile outputs with the first priority; and 
 receive a second set of one or more inputs corresponding to one or more hardware elements distinct from the display, wherein the second set of one or more inputs corresponds to the second set of one or more tactile outputs with the second priority; 
 wherein the second priority is higher than the first priority. 
 
     
     
       45. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 44 , wherein the second set of one or more inputs corresponds to a click gesture, or a portion of a click gesture, performed using a respective hardware element.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/270,885, filed Sep. 20, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,864,432 B1, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/384,113, filed Sep. 6, 2016, which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This relates generally to electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces and tactile output generators, including but not limited to electronic devices that display a user interface and combine multiple tactile outputs corresponding to different events or trigger conditions to produce a combined tactile output. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The use of touch-sensitive surfaces as input devices for computers and other electronic computing devices has increased significantly in recent years. Exemplary touch-sensitive surfaces include touchpads and touch-screen displays. Such surfaces are widely used to manipulate user interface objects on a display. 
     The provision of tactile outputs in conjunction with detecting touch inputs and other functions of an electronic device can be used to facilitate the user&#39;s interactions with the device. However, physical limitations of tactile output generators, and limits on the ability of users to feel and understand overlapping tactile outputs, make the use of multiple sources of tactile outputs challenging with respect to providing useful information to the user. 
     SUMMARY 
     Accordingly, there is a need for electronic devices with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for mixing and prioritizing tactile outputs corresponding to multiple requests to generate tactile outputs, or multiple user inputs corresponding to tactile outputs (e.g., corresponding to user interface elements displayed on a display, and corresponding to hardware elements), or multiple triggering conditions for tactile outputs. Such methods and interfaces reduce the number, extent, and/or nature of the inputs from a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges. 
     The above deficiencies and other problems associated with user interfaces for electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces are reduced or eliminated by the disclosed devices. In some embodiments, the device is a desktop computer. In some embodiments, the device is portable (e.g., a notebook computer, tablet computer, or handheld device). In some embodiments, the device is a personal electronic device (e.g., a wearable electronic device, such as a watch). In some embodiments, the device has a touchpad. In some embodiments, the device has a touch-sensitive display (also known as a “touch screen” or “touch-screen display”). In some embodiments, the device has a graphical user interface (GUI), one or more processors, memory and one or more modules, programs or sets of instructions stored in the memory for performing multiple functions. In some embodiments, the user interacts with the GUI primarily through stylus and/or finger contacts and gestures on the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the functions optionally include image editing, drawing, presenting, word processing, spreadsheet making, game playing, telephoning, video conferencing, e-mailing, instant messaging, workout support, digital photographing, digital videoing, web browsing, digital music playing, note taking, and/or digital video playing. Executable instructions for performing these functions are, optionally, included in a non-transitory computer readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and a set of one or more tactile output generators. The method includes: receiving a plurality of requests to generate a plurality of tactile outputs using the one or more tactile output generators, wherein the plurality of tactile outputs include two or more overlapping tactile outputs. The method further includes, in response to receiving the plurality of requests, generating and outputting, via the one or more tactile output generators, combined tactile outputs. The generating and outputting includes: in accordance with a determination that the plurality of tactile outputs does not exceed a threshold number of tactile outputs that is permitted to be mixed together for concurrent output via the one or more tactile output generators, mixing the plurality of tactile outputs together into a first combined tactile output, and including the first combined tactile output in the combined tactile outputs; and outputting, via the one or more tactile output generators, the combined tactile outputs, including the first combined tactile output. The generating and outputting further includes: in accordance with a determination that the plurality of tactile outputs exceeds the threshold number of tactile outputs that is permitted to be mixed together for concurrent output via the one or more tactile output generators, mixing a subset of the plurality of tactile outputs together into a second combined tactile output that excludes at least one of the plurality of tactile outputs, and including the second combined tactile output in the combined tactile outputs; and outputting, via the one or more tactile output generators, the combined tactile outputs, including the second combined tactile output. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and a set of one or more tactile output generators. The method includes: receiving a first set of one or more inputs corresponding to user interface elements displayed on the display, wherein the first set of one or more inputs corresponds to a first set of one or more tactile outputs, and receiving a second set of one or more inputs corresponding to the one or more hardware elements, wherein the second set of one or more inputs corresponds to a second set of one or more tactile outputs. The method further includes, in response to the second set of one or more inputs, in accordance with a determination that the first set of tactile outputs and the second set of one or more tactile outputs do not overlap, outputting, with the set of one or more tactile output generators, a tactile output sequence that includes the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the second set of one or more tactile outputs. The method further includes, in accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the second set of one or more tactile outputs overlap, outputting, with the set of one or more tactile output generators, a modified tactile output sequence that is modified so as to emphasize the second set of one or more tactile outputs relative to the first set of one or more tactile outputs. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and a set of one or more tactile output generators. The method includes: detecting a triggering condition for a first set of one or more tactile outputs with a first priority and detecting a triggering condition for a second set of one or more tactile outputs with a second priority. The method further includes, in response to detecting the triggering condition for the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the triggering condition for the second set of one or more tactile outputs and in accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more tactile outputs are scheduled to at least partially overlap with the second set of one or more tactile outputs: (a) in accordance with a determination that the first priority is higher than the second priority, reducing a scale of at least a portion of the second set of one or more tactile outputs that overlaps with the first set of one or more tactile outputs; and (b) in accordance with a determination that the second priority is higher than the first priority, reducing a scale of at least a portion of the first set of one or more tactile outputs that overlaps with the second set of one or more tactile outputs. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display one or more user interfaces, a touch-sensitive surface unit to receive touch inputs, one or more tactile output generator units to generate tactile outputs; and a processing unit coupled with the display unit, the touch-sensitive surface unit, and the one or more tactile output generator units. The processing unit is configured to: receive a plurality of requests to generate a plurality of tactile outputs using the one or more tactile output generator units, wherein the plurality of tactile outputs include two or more overlapping tactile outputs; and in response to receiving the plurality of requests, generate and output, via the one or more tactile output generator units, combined tactile outputs. The generating and outputting includes, in accordance with a determination that the plurality of tactile outputs does not exceed a threshold number of tactile outputs that is permitted to be mixed together for concurrent output via one or more tactile output generator units, mixing the plurality of tactile outputs together into a first combined tactile output, including the first combined tactile output in the combined tactile outputs, and outputting, via the one or more tactile output generator units, the combined tactile outputs, including the first combined tactile output. The generating and outputting also includes, in accordance with a determination that the plurality of tactile outputs exceeds the threshold number of tactile outputs that is permitted to be mixed together for concurrent output via the one or more tactile output generator units, mixing a subset of the plurality of tactile outputs together into a second combined tactile output that excludes at least one of the plurality of tactile outputs, including the second combined tactile output in the combined tactile outputs, and outputting, via the one or more tactile output generator units, the combined tactile outputs, including the second combined tactile output. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display one or more user interfaces, a touch-sensitive surface unit to receive touch inputs, one or more tactile output generator units to generate tactile outputs; and a processing unit coupled with the display unit, the touch-sensitive surface unit, and the one or more tactile output generator units. The processing unit is configured to: receive a first set of one or more inputs corresponding to user interface elements displayed on the display, wherein the first set of one or more inputs corresponds to a first set of one or more tactile outputs, and receive a second set of one or more inputs corresponding to the one or more hardware elements, wherein the second set of one or more inputs corresponds to a second set of one or more tactile outputs. The processing unit is further configured to respond to the second set of one or more inputs, in accordance with a determination that the first set of tactile outputs and the second set of one or more tactile outputs do not overlap, by outputting, with the set of one or more tactile output generators, a tactile output sequence that includes the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the second set of one or more tactile outputs. The processing unit is also configured to respond to the second set of one or more inputs, in accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the second set of one or more tactile outputs overlap, by outputting, with the set of one or more tactile output generators, a modified tactile output sequence that is modified so as to emphasize the second set of one or more tactile outputs relative to the first set of one or more tactile outputs. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display one or more user interfaces, a touch-sensitive surface unit to receive touch inputs, one or more tactile output generator units to generate tactile outputs; and a processing unit coupled with the display unit, the touch-sensitive surface unit, and the one or more tactile output generator units. The processing unit is configured to: detect a triggering condition for a first set of one or more tactile outputs with a first priority, and detect a triggering condition for a second set of one or more tactile outputs with a second priority. The processing unit is further configured to respond to detecting the triggering condition for the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the triggering condition for the second set of one or more tactile outputs, in accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more tactile outputs are scheduled to at least partially overlap with the second set of one or more tactile outputs, by: in accordance with a determination that the first priority is higher than the second priority, reduce a scale of at least a portion of the second set of one or more tactile outputs that overlaps with the first set of one or more tactile outputs; and in accordance with a determination that the second priority is higher than the first priority, reduce a scale of at least a portion of the first set of one or more tactile outputs that overlaps with the second set of one or more tactile outputs. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display, a touch-sensitive surface, a set of one or more tactile output generators, one or more processors, memory, and one or more programs; the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors and the one or more programs include instructions for performing or causing performance of the operations of any of the methods described herein. In accordance with some embodiments, a computer readable storage medium has stored therein instructions which when executed by an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and a set of one or more tactile output generators, cause the device to perform or cause performance of the operations of any of the methods described herein. In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface on an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, a set of one or more tactile output generators, a memory, and one or more processors to execute one or more programs stored in the memory includes one or more of the elements displayed in any of the methods described herein, which are updated in response to inputs, in accordance with any of the methods described herein. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes: a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and a set of one or more tactile output generators; and means for performing or causing performance of the operations of any of the methods described herein. In accordance with some embodiments, an information processing apparatus, for use in an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and a set of one or more tactile output generators, includes means for performing or causing performance of the operations of any of the methods described herein. 
     Thus, electronic devices with displays, touch-sensitive surfaces and a set of one or more tactile output generators are provided with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for providing, combining and outputting tactile outputs, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for providing notifications, and providing feedback in response to user inputs other trigger conditions. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a better understanding of the various described embodiments, reference should be made to the Description of Embodiments below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures. 
         FIG. 1A  is a block diagram illustrating a portable multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 1B  is a block diagram illustrating example components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 1C  is a block diagram of a haptic engine in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a portable multifunction device having a touch screen in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an example multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 4A  illustrates an example user interface for a menu of applications on a portable multifunction device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 4B  illustrates an example user interface for a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 4C  illustrates an electronic device displaying a graphical user interface and providing a corresponding tactile output, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 4D-4E  illustrate a set of sample tactile output patterns in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 5A-5L  illustrates tactile outputs, combinations of tactile outputs, and optionally, corresponding audio outputs, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 6A-6F  are flow diagrams illustrating a method of applying limits to mixing tactile outputs into combined tactile outputs in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 7A-7D  are flow diagrams illustrating a method of prioritizing some tactile outputs over other tactile outputs while mixing tactile outputs into combined tactile outputs in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 8A-8D  are flow diagrams illustrating a method of prioritizing and scaling tactile outputs while mixing tactile outputs into combined tactile outputs in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 9-11  are functional block diagrams of an electronic device in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     In electronic devices that display graphical user interfaces, enabling applications to provide tactile outputs can be challenging due to limitations on the number of tactile outputs that can be generated concurrently, physical limitations on the tactile outputs that can be generated by the electronic device&#39;s one or more tactile output generators, and limitations on the ability of users to feel and understand multiple tactile outputs that either overlap or follow each other in quick succession. To enable robust tactile output generation, while addressing the aforementioned physical and user limitations, a number of methodologies are employed. Examples of such techniques include limiting the number of tactile outputs that are combined at any one time, and/or reducing scale and then ending one or more “oldest” tactile outputs when the number of tactile outputs scheduled to be generated that would overlap surpasses a threshold. In another example, the combined tactile outputs are analyzed, and reduced in scale, if an amplitude limit would be exceeded. In another example, tactile outputs are assigned priorities, for example based on their sources, and overlapping tactile outputs are mixed in accordance with those priorities, including reducing the scale of one or more lower priority tactile outputs. In another example, when tactile outputs are mixed and combined, a second set of tactile outputs are emphasized relative to a first set of tactile outputs (e.g., based on the sources or triggering conditions of those tactile outputs). 
     Below descriptions of example devices are provided with reference to  FIGS. 1A-1B, 2, and 3 .  FIGS. 4A-4C  illustrate example user interfaces, including user interfaces displayed while tactile outputs are generated, and  FIGS. 5A-5L  illustrate tactile outputs, combinations of tactile outputs and audio outputs, produced while executing various applications and generating and mixing tactile outputs to produce combined tactile outputs.  FIGS. 6A-6F  illustrate a flow diagram of a method of combining tactile outputs corresponding to triggering conditions or inputs from multiple sources, and applying limits to the number of tactile outputs combined, or to the magnitude and/or frequency components of the combined tactile outputs.  FIGS. 7A-7D  illustrate a flow diagram of a method of prioritizing tactile outputs corresponding to inputs on hardware elements over other tactile outputs.  FIGS. 8A-8D  illustrate a flow diagram of a method of mixing of tactile outputs in accordance with priorities of those tactile outputs. The user interfaces in  FIGS. 4A-4C  and the tactile outputs and audio outputs in  FIGS. 5A-5J  are used to illustrate the processes in  FIGS. 6A-6F . The user interfaces in  FIGS. 4A-4C  and the tactile outputs and audio outputs in  FIGS. 5H, 5I and 5K  are used to illustrate the processes in  FIGS. 7A-7D . The user interfaces in  FIGS. 4A-4C  and the tactile outputs and audio outputs in  FIGS. 5A, 5H-5J and 5L  are used to illustrate the processes in  FIGS. 8A-8D . 
     Example Devices 
     Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the various described embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments. 
     It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. are, in some instances, used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first contact could be termed a second contact, and, similarly, a second contact could be termed a first contact, without departing from the scope of the various described embodiments. The first contact and the second contact are both contacts, but they are not the same contact, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. 
     The terminology used in the description of the various described embodiments herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various described embodiments and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     As used herein, the term “if” is, optionally, construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” is, optionally, construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event],” depending on the context. 
     Embodiments of electronic devices, user interfaces for such devices, and associated processes for using such devices are described. In some embodiments, the device is a portable communications device, such as a mobile telephone, that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/or music player functions. Example embodiments of portable multifunction devices include, without limitation, the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. Other portable electronic devices, such as laptops or tablet computers with touch-sensitive surfaces (e.g., touch-screen displays and/or touchpads), are, optionally, used. It should also be understood that, in some embodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but is a desktop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch-screen display and/or a touchpad). 
     In the discussion that follows, an electronic device that includes a display and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should be understood, however, that the electronic device optionally includes one or more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physical keyboard, a mouse and/or a joystick. 
     The device typically supports a variety of applications, such as one or more of the following: a note taking application, a drawing application, a presentation application, a word processing application, a website creation application, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheet application, a gaming application, a telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, a workout support application, a photo management application, a digital camera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing application, a digital music player application, and/or a digital video player application. 
     The various applications that are executed on the device optionally use at least one common physical user-interface device, such as the touch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitive surface as well as corresponding information displayed on the device are, optionally, adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physical architecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the device optionally supports the variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and transparent to the user. 
     Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable devices with touch-sensitive displays.  FIG. 1A  is a block diagram illustrating portable multifunction device  100  with touch-sensitive display system  112  in accordance with some embodiments. Touch-sensitive display system  112  is sometimes called a “touch screen” for convenience, and is sometimes simply called a touch-sensitive display. Device  100  includes memory  102  (which optionally includes one or more computer readable storage mediums), memory controller  122 , one or more processing units (CPUs)  120 , peripherals interface  118 , RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , input/output (I/O) subsystem  106 , other input or control devices  116 , and external port  124 . Device  100  optionally includes one or more optical sensors  164 . Device  100  optionally includes one or more intensity sensors  165  for detecting intensity of contacts on device  100  (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive display system  112  of device  100 ). Device  100  optionally includes one or more tactile output generators  167  for generating tactile outputs on device  100  (e.g., generating tactile outputs on a touch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive display system  112  of device  100  or touchpad  355  of device  300 ). These components optionally communicate over one or more communication buses or signal lines  103 . 
     As used in the specification and claims, the term “tactile output” refers to physical displacement of a device relative to a previous position of the device, physical displacement of a component (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface) of a device relative to another component (e.g., housing) of the device, or displacement of the component relative to a center of mass of the device that will be detected by a user with the user&#39;s sense of touch. For example, in situations where the device or the component of the device is in contact with a surface of a user that is sensitive to touch (e.g., a finger, palm, or other part of a user&#39;s hand), the tactile output generated by the physical displacement will be interpreted by the user as a tactile sensation corresponding to a perceived change in physical characteristics of the device or the component of the device. For example, movement of a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch-sensitive display or trackpad) is, optionally, interpreted by the user as a “down click” or “up click” of a physical actuator button. In some cases, a user will feel a tactile sensation such as an “down click” or “up click” even when there is no movement of a physical actuator button associated with the touch-sensitive surface that is physically pressed (e.g., displaced) by the user&#39;s movements. As another example, movement of the touch-sensitive surface is, optionally, interpreted or sensed by the user as “roughness” of the touch-sensitive surface, even when there is no change in smoothness of the touch-sensitive surface. While such interpretations of touch by a user will be subject to the individualized sensory perceptions of the user, there are many sensory perceptions of touch that are common to a large majority of users. Thus, when a tactile output is described as corresponding to a particular sensory perception of a user (e.g., an “up click,” a “down click,” “roughness”), unless otherwise stated, the generated tactile output corresponds to physical displacement of the device or a component thereof that will generate the described sensory perception for a typical (or average) user. 
     In some embodiments, a tactile output pattern specifies characteristics of a tactile output, such as the amplitude of the tactile output, the shape of a movement waveform of the tactile output, the frequency of the tactile output, and/or the duration of the tactile output. 
     When tactile outputs with different tactile output patterns are generated by a device (e.g., via one or more tactile output generators that move a moveable mass to generate tactile outputs), the tactile outputs may invoke different haptic sensations in a user holding or touching the device. While the sensation of the user is based on the user&#39;s perception of the tactile output, most users will be able to identify changes in waveform, frequency, and amplitude of tactile outputs generated by the device. Thus, the waveform, frequency and amplitude can be adjusted to indicate to the user that different operations have been performed. As such, tactile outputs with tactile output patterns that are designed, selected, and/or engineered to simulate characteristics (e.g., size, material, weight, stiffness, smoothness, etc.); behaviors (e.g., oscillation, displacement, acceleration, rotation, expansion, etc.); and/or interactions (e.g., collision, adhesion, repulsion, attraction, friction, etc.) of objects in a given environment (e.g., a user interface that includes graphical features and objects, a simulated physical environment with virtual boundaries and virtual objects, a real physical environment with physical boundaries and physical objects, and/or a combination of any of the above) will, in some circumstances, provide helpful feedback to users that reduces input errors and increases the efficiency of the user&#39;s operation of the device. Additionally, tactile outputs are, optionally, generated to correspond to feedback that is unrelated to a simulated physical characteristic, such as an input threshold or a selection of an object. Such tactile outputs will, in some circumstances, provide helpful feedback to users that reduces input errors and increases the efficiency of the user&#39;s operation of the device. 
     In some embodiments, a tactile output with a suitable tactile output pattern serves as a cue for the occurrence of an event of interest in a user interface or behind the scenes in a device. Examples of the events of interest include activation of an affordance (e.g., a real or virtual button, or toggle switch) provided on the device or in a user interface, success or failure of a requested operation, reaching or crossing a boundary in a user interface, entry into a new state, switching of input focus between objects, activation of a new mode, reaching or crossing an input threshold, detection or recognition of a type of input or gesture, etc. In some embodiments, tactile outputs are provided to serve as a warning or an alert for an impending event or outcome that would occur unless a redirection or interruption input is timely detected. Tactile outputs are also used in other contexts to enrich the user experience, improve the accessibility of the device to users with visual or motor difficulties or other accessibility needs, and/or improve efficiency and functionality of the user interface and/or the device. Tactile outputs are optionally accompanied with audio outputs and/or visible user interface changes, which further enhance a user&#39;s experience when the user interacts with a user interface and/or the device, and facilitate better conveyance of information regarding the state of the user interface and/or the device, and which reduce input errors and increase the efficiency of the user&#39;s operation of the device. 
       FIG. 4D  provides a set of sample tactile output patterns that may be used, either individually or in combination, either as is or through one or more transformations (e.g., modulation, amplification, truncation, etc.), to create suitable haptic feedback in various scenarios and for various purposes, such as those mentioned above and those described with respect to the user interfaces and methods discussed herein. This example of a palette of tactile outputs shows how a set of three waveforms and eight frequencies can be used to produce an array of tactile output patterns. In addition to the tactile output patterns shown in this figure, each of these tactile output patterns is optionally adjusted in amplitude by changing a gain value for the tactile output pattern, as shown, for example for FullTap 80 Hz, FullTap 200 Hz, MiniTap 80 Hz, MiniTap 200 Hz, MicroTap 80 Hz, and MicroTap 200 Hz in  FIG. 4E , which are each shown with variants having a gain of 1.0, 0.75, 0.5, and 0.25. As shown in  FIG. 4E , changing the gain of a tactile output pattern changes the amplitude of the pattern without changing the frequency of the pattern or changing the shape of the waveform. In some embodiments, changing the frequency of a tactile output pattern also results in a lower amplitude as some tactile output generators are limited by how much force can be applied to the moveable mass and thus higher frequency movements of the mass are constrained to lower amplitudes to ensure that the acceleration needed to create the waveform does not require force outside of an operational force range of the tactile output generator (e.g., the peak amplitudes of the FullTap at 230 Hz, 270 Hz, and 300 Hz are lower than the amplitudes of the FullTap at 80 hz, 100 Hz, 125 Hz, and 200 Hz). 
     In  FIG. 4D , each column shows tactile output patterns that have a particular waveform. The waveform of a tactile output pattern represents the pattern of physical displacements relative to a neutral position (e.g., xzero) versus time that a moveable mass goes through to generate a tactile output with that tactile output pattern. For example, a first set of tactile output patterns shown in the left column in  FIG. 4D  (e.g., tactile output patterns of a “FullTap”) each have a waveform that includes an oscillation with two complete cycles (e.g., an oscillation that starts and ends in a neutral position and crosses the neutral position three times). A second set of tactile output patterns shown in the middle column in  FIG. 4D  (e.g., tactile output patterns of a “MiniTap”) each have a waveform that includes an oscillation that includes one complete cycle (e.g., an oscillation that starts and ends in a neutral position and crosses the neutral position one time). A third set of tactile output patterns shown in the right column in  FIG. 4D  (e.g., tactile output patterns of a “MicroTap”) each have a waveform that includes an oscillation that include one half of a complete cycle (e.g., an oscillation that starts and ends in a neutral position and does not cross the neutral position). The waveform of a tactile output pattern also includes a start buffer and an end buffer that represent the gradual speeding up and slowing down of the moveable mass at the start and at the end of the tactile output. The example waveforms shown in  FIG. 4D-4E  include x min  and x max  values which represent the maximum and minimum extent of movement of the moveable mass. For larger electronic devices with larger moveable masses, there may be larger or smaller minimum and maximum extents of movement of the mass. The example shown in  FIGS. 4D-4E  describes movement of a mass in 1 dimension; however similar principles would also apply to movement of a moveable mass in two or three dimensions. 
     As shown in  FIG. 4D , each tactile output pattern also has a corresponding characteristic frequency that affects the “pitch” of a haptic sensation that is felt by a user from a tactile output with that characteristic frequency. For a continuous tactile output, the characteristic frequency represents the number of cycles that are completed within a given period of time (e.g., cycles per second) by the moveable mass of the tactile output generator. For a discrete tactile output, a discrete output signal (e.g., with 0.5, 1, or 2 cycles) is generated, and the characteristic frequency value specifies how fast the moveable mass needs to move to generate a tactile output with that characteristic frequency. As shown in  FIG. 4D , for each type of tactile output (e.g., as defined by a respective waveform, such as FullTap, MiniTap, or MicroTap), a higher frequency value corresponds to faster movement(s) by the moveable mass, and hence, in general, a shorter time to complete the tactile output (e.g., including the time to complete the required number of cycle(s) for the discrete tactile output, plus a start and an end buffer time). For example, a FullTap with a characteristic frequency of 80 Hz takes longer to complete than FullTap with a characteristic frequency of 100 Hz (e.g., 35.4 ms vs. 28.3 ms in  FIG. 4D ). In addition, for a given frequency, a tactile output with more cycles in its waveform at a respective frequency takes longer to complete than a tactile output with fewer cycles its waveform at the same respective frequency. For example, a FullTap at 150 Hz takes longer to complete than a MiniTap at 150 Hz (e.g., 19.4 ms vs. 12.8 ms), and a MiniTap at 150 Hz takes longer to complete than a MicroTap at 150 Hz (e.g., 12.8 ms vs. 9.4 ms). However, for tactile output patterns with different frequencies this rule may not apply (e.g., tactile outputs with more cycles but a higher frequency may take a shorter amount of time to complete than tactile outputs with fewer cycles but a lower frequency, and vice versa). For example, at 300 Hz, a FullTap takes as long as a MiniTap (e.g., 9.9 ms). 
     As shown in  FIG. 4D , a tactile output pattern also has a characteristic amplitude that affects the amount of energy that is contained in a tactile signal, or a “strength” of a haptic sensation that may be felt by a user through a tactile output with that characteristic amplitude. In some embodiments, the characteristic amplitude of a tactile output pattern refers to an absolute or normalized value that represents the maximum displacement of the moveable mass from a neutral position when generating the tactile output. In some embodiments, the characteristic amplitude of a tactile output pattern is adjustable, e.g., by a fixed or dynamically determined gain factor (e.g., a value between 0 and 1), in accordance with various conditions (e.g., customized based on user interface contexts and behaviors) and/or preconfigured metrics (e.g., input-based metrics, and/or user-interface-based metrics). In some embodiments, an input-based metric (e.g., an intensity-change metric or an input-speed metric) measures a characteristic of an input (e.g., a rate of change of a characteristic intensity of a contact in a press input or a rate of movement of the contact across a touch-sensitive surface) during the input that triggers generation of a tactile output. In some embodiments, a user-interface-based metric (e.g., a speed-across-boundary metric) measures a characteristic of a user interface element (e.g., a speed of movement of the element across a hidden or visible boundary in a user interface) during the user interface change that triggers generation of the tactile output. In some embodiments, the characteristic amplitude of a tactile output pattern may be modulated by an “envelope” and the peaks of adjacent cycles may have different amplitudes, where one of the waveforms shown above is further modified by multiplication by an envelope parameter that changes over time (e.g., from 0 to 1) to gradually adjust amplitude of portions of the tactile output over time as the tactile output is being generated. 
     Although specific frequencies, amplitudes, and waveforms are represented in the sample tactile output patterns in  FIG. 4D  for illustrative purposes, tactile output patterns with other frequencies, amplitudes, and waveforms may be used for similar purposes. For example, waveforms that have between 0.5 to 4 cycles can be used. Other frequencies in the range of 60 Hz-400 Hz may be used as well. Table 1 provides examples of particular haptic feedback behaviors, configurations, and examples of their use. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Behavior 
                 Feedback 
                   
               
               
                 Configuration 
                 Configuration 
                 Examples 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 User Interface Haptics 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Retarget 
                 MicroTap 
                 Drag calendar event across day boundary 
               
               
                 Default 
                 High (270 Hz) 
                 Retarget in orb quick action menu 
               
               
                   
                 Gain: 0.4 
                 Sliding over origin point in a scrubber 
               
               
                   
                 Minimum 
                 Reaching 0 degrees when cropping/straightening 
               
               
                   
                 Interval: 0.05 
                 Rearranging a list when items snap together 
               
               
                 Retarget 
                 MicroTap 
                 Retarget in A-Z scrubber 
               
               
                 Strong 
                 High (270 Hz) 
               
               
                   
                 Gain: 0.5 
               
               
                   
                 Minimum 
               
               
                   
                 Interval: 0.05 
               
               
                 Retarget 
                 MicroTap 
                 Spinning a wheel in the wheels of time user 
               
               
                 Picker 
                 High (270 Hz) 
                 interface 
               
               
                   
                 Gain: 0.4 
               
               
                   
                 Minimum 
               
               
                   
                 Interval: 0.05 
               
               
                 Impact Default 
                 MicroTap 
                 Changing scrubbing speed when adjusting a slider 
               
               
                   
                 Medium 
                 Creating a new calendar event by tapping and 
               
               
                   
                 (150 Hz) 
                 holding 
               
               
                   
                 Gain max: 0.8 
                 Activating a toggle switch (changing the switch 
               
               
                   
                 Gain min: 0.0 
                 from on to off or off to on) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Reaching a predefined orientation on a compass 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (e.g., every 45 degrees from North) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Reaching a level state (e.g., 0 degrees tilt in any axis 
               
               
                   
                   
                 for 0.5 seconds) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Dropping a pin in a map 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Sending or receiving a message with an emphasis 
               
               
                   
                   
                 animation (e.g., “slam” effect) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Sending or receiving an acknowledgment of a 
               
               
                   
                   
                 message 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Snapping a ruler to different orientations (e.g., every 
               
               
                   
                   
                 45 degrees) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Crossing over a suggested photo while scrubbing 
               
               
                   
                   
                 through a burst of photos 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Crossing over a detent in a scrubber (e.g., text size, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 haptic strength, display brightness, display color 
               
               
                   
                   
                 temperature) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Transaction failure notification (ApplePay Failure) 
               
               
                 Impact Light 
                 MicroTap 
                 Picking up an existing item (e.g., a calendar event, a 
               
               
                   
                 Medium 
                 favorite in web browser) 
               
               
                   
                 (150 Hz) 
                 Moving a time selector over a minor division of 
               
               
                   
                 Gain max: 0.6 
                 time (e.g., 15 min) in sleep alarm 
               
               
                   
                 Gain min: 0.0 
               
               
                 Impact Strong 
                 MicroTap 
                 Moving a time selector over a major division of 
               
               
                   
                 Medium 
                 time (e.g., 1 hour) in sleep alarm 
               
               
                   
                 (150 Hz) 
               
               
                   
                 Gain max: 1.0 
               
               
                   
                 Gain min: 0.0 
               
               
                 Edge Scrubber 
                 MicroTap 
                 Dragging a brightness scrubber to an edge of the 
               
               
                   
                 Medium 
                 scrubber 
               
               
                   
                 (150 Hz) 
                 Dragging a volume scrubber to an edge of the 
               
               
                   
                 Gain max: 0.6 
                 scrubber 
               
               
                   
                 Gain min: 0.3 
               
               
                 Edge Zoom 
                 MicroTap 
                 Reaching maximum zoom level when zooming into 
               
               
                   
                 High (270 Hz) 
                 a photo 
               
               
                   
                 Gain: 0.6 
                 Re-centering a map 
               
               
                 Drag Default 
                 MicroTap 
                 Pickup and drop an event in calendar 
               
               
                   
                 High (270 Hz) 
               
               
                   
                 Gain Pickup: 1.0 
               
               
                   
                 Gain Drop: 0.6 
               
               
                 Drag Snapping 
                 MicroTap 
                 Rearrange lists in weather, contacts, music, etc. 
               
               
                   
                 High (270 Hz) 
               
               
                   
                 Gain Pickup: 1.0 
               
               
                   
                 Gain Drop: 0.6 
               
               
                   
                 Gain Snap: 1.0 
               
               
                 States Swipe 
                 Swipe in: 
                 Swipe to delete a mail message or conversation 
               
               
                 Action 
                 MiniTap High 
                 Swipe to mark a mail message as read/unread in 
               
               
                   
                 (270 Hz) 
                 mail 
               
               
                   
                 Gain: 1.0 
                 Swipe to delete a table row (e.g., a document in a 
               
               
                   
                 Swipe out: 
                 document creation/viewing application, a note in a 
               
               
                   
                 MicroTap 
                 notes application, a location in a weather 
               
               
                   
                 High (270 Hz) 
                 application, a podcast in a podcast application, a 
               
               
                   
                 Gain: 0.55 
                 song in a playlist in a music application, a voice 
               
               
                   
                   
                 memo in a voice recording application 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Swipe to delete a message while displaying a 
               
               
                   
                   
                 pressure-triggered preview 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Swipe to mark a message as read/unread while 
               
               
                   
                   
                 displaying a pressure-triggered preview 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Swipe to delete a news article 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Swipe to favorite/love a news article 
               
               
                 Button Default 
                 MicroTap 
                 Reply to message/conversation 
               
               
                   
                 High (270 Hz) 
                 Adding a bookmark in an electronic book reader 
               
               
                   
                 Gain: 0.9 
                 application 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Activating a virtual assistant 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Starting to record a voice memo 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Stopping recording a voice memo 
               
               
                 Button 
                 MiniTap Low 
                 Delete message/conversation 
               
               
                 Destructive 
                 (100 Hz) 
               
               
                   
                 Feedback 
               
               
                   
                 Intensity: 0.8 
               
               
                 Event Success 
                 FullTap 
                 Confirmation that a payment has been made 
               
               
                   
                 Medium 
                 Alert that authentication is needed to make a 
               
               
                   
                 (200 Hz) 
                 payment (e.g., biometric authentication or passcode 
               
               
                   
                 Gain: 0.7 
                 authentication) 
               
               
                   
                 MiniTap High 
                 Adding a payment account to an electronic wallet 
               
               
                   
                 (270 Hz) 
                 application 
               
               
                   
                 Gain: 1.0 
               
               
                 Event Error 
                 MiniTap High 
                 Failure to process a payment transaction 
               
               
                   
                 (270 Hz) 
                 Failure to authenticate a fingerprint detected on a 
               
               
                   
                 Gain: 0.85 
                 fingerprint sensor 
               
               
                   
                 Gain: 0.75 
                 Incorrect passcode/password entered in a 
               
               
                   
                 FullTap 
                 passcode/password entry UI 
               
               
                   
                 Medium 
               
               
                   
                 (200 Hz) 
               
               
                   
                 Gain: 0.65 
               
               
                   
                 FullTap Low 
               
               
                   
                 (150 Hz) 
               
               
                   
                 Gain: 0.75 
               
               
                 Event 
                 FullTap High 
                 Shake to undo 
               
               
                 Warning 
                 (300 Hz) 
               
               
                   
                 Gain: 0.9 
               
               
                   
                 FullTap 
               
               
                   
                 Custom 
               
               
                   
                 (270 Hz) 
               
               
                   
                 Gain: 0.9 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Force Press 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 States Preview 
                 MicroTap 
                 Orb - Peek/Preview (e.g., peek at a mail message) 
               
               
                   
                 Custom 
               
               
                   
                 (200 Hz) 
               
               
                   
                 Gain: 1.0 
               
               
                 States Preview 
                 FullTap 
                 Orb - Pop/Commit (e.g., pop into full mail message) 
               
               
                   
                 Custom 
               
               
                   
                 (150 Hz) 
               
               
                   
                 Gain: 1.0 
               
               
                 States Preview 
                 MicroTap 
                 Orb - Unavailable (e.g., press hard on an app icon 
               
               
                   
                 Custom 
                 that doesn&#39;t have any associated quick actions) 
               
               
                   
                 (200 Hz) 
               
               
                   
                 Gain: 1.0 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 System Haptics 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Device 
                 MicroTap 
                 Press power button once to lock device 
               
               
                 Locked 
                 Medium 
               
               
                   
                 (150 Hz) 
               
               
                   
                 Gain: 1.0 
               
               
                   
                 MiniTap 
               
               
                   
                 Medium 
               
               
                   
                 (150 Hz) 
               
               
                   
                 Gain: 1.0 
               
               
                 Vibe on 
                 Vibe at 150 Hz 
                 Attach device to power source 
               
               
                 Attach 
                 that gradually 
               
               
                   
                 increases or 
               
               
                   
                 decreases in 
               
               
                   
                 amplitude 
               
               
                 Ringtones &amp; 
                 Custom tactile 
                 Receive phone call or text message 
               
               
                 Alerts 
                 output using 
               
               
                   
                 one or more 
               
               
                   
                 of: 
               
               
                   
                 Vibe 150 Hz 
               
               
                   
                 MicroTap 
               
               
                   
                 150 Hz 
               
               
                   
                 MiniTap 
               
               
                   
                 150 Hz 
               
               
                   
                 FullTap 
               
               
                   
                 150 Hz 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Solid-State Home Button 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 (“Tick”) 
                 MiniTap 
                 Press home button with click option 1 selected 
               
               
                   
                 230 Hz 
               
               
                   
                 Gain: 1.0 
               
               
                 2 (“Tak”) 
                 MiniTap 
                 Press home button with click option 2 selected 
               
               
                   
                 270 Hz 
               
               
                   
                 Gain: 1.0 
               
               
                 3 (“Tock”) 
                 MiniTap 
                 Press home button with click option 3 selected 
               
               
                   
                 300 Hz 
               
               
                   
                 Gain: 1.0 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The examples shown above in Table 1 are intended to illustrate a range of circumstances in which tactile outputs can be generated for different inputs and events. Table 1 should not be taken as a requirement that a device respond to each of the listed inputs or events with the indicated tactile output. Rather, Table 1 is intended to illustrate how tactile outputs vary and/or are similar for different inputs and/or events (e.g., based on the tactile output pattern, frequency, gain, etc.). For example Table 1 shows how an “event success” tactile output varies from an “event failure” tactile output and how a retarget tactile output differs from an impact tactile output. 
     It should be appreciated that device  100  is only one example of a portable multifunction device, and that device  100  optionally has more or fewer components than shown, optionally combines two or more components, or optionally has a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown in  FIG. 1A  are implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof, including one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits. 
     Memory  102  optionally includes high-speed random access memory and optionally also includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Access to memory  102  by other components of device  100 , such as CPU(s)  120  and the peripherals interface  118 , is, optionally, controlled by memory controller  122 . 
     Peripherals interface  118  can be used to couple input and output peripherals of the device to CPU(s)  120  and memory  102 . The one or more processors  120  run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in memory  102  to perform various functions for device  100  and to process data. 
     In some embodiments, peripherals interface  118 , CPU(s)  120 , and memory controller  122  are, optionally, implemented on a single chip, such as chip  104 . In some other embodiments, they are, optionally, implemented on separate chips. 
     RF (radio frequency) circuitry  108  receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  108  converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  108  optionally includes well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RF circuitry  108  optionally communicates with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), high-speed uplink packet access (HSDPA), Evolution, Data-Only (EV-DO), HSPA, HSPA+, Dual-Cell HSPA (DC-HSPDA), long term evolution (LTE), near field communication (NFC), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11ac, IEEE 802.11ax, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document. 
     Audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , and microphone  113  provide an audio interface between a user and device  100 . Audio circuitry  110  receives audio data from peripherals interface  118 , converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to speaker  111 . Speaker  111  converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves. Audio circuitry  110  also receives electrical signals converted by microphone  113  from sound waves. Audio circuitry  110  converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to peripherals interface  118  for processing. Audio data is, optionally, retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory  102  and/or RF circuitry  108  by peripherals interface  118 . In some embodiments, audio circuitry  110  also includes a headset jack (e.g.,  212 ,  FIG. 2 ). The headset jack provides an interface between audio circuitry  110  and removable audio input/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headset with both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input (e.g., a microphone). 
     I/O subsystem  106  couples input/output peripherals on device  100 , such as touch-sensitive display system  112  and other input or control devices  116 , with peripherals interface  118 . I/O subsystem  106  optionally includes display controller  156 , optical sensor controller  158 , intensity sensor controller  159 , haptic feedback controller  161 , and one or more input controllers  160  for other input or control devices. The one or more input controllers  160  receive/send electrical signals from/to other input or control devices  116 . The other input or control devices  116  optionally include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s)  160  are, optionally, coupled with any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, infrared port, USB port, stylus, and/or a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g.,  208 ,  FIG. 2 ) optionally include an up/down button for volume control of speaker  111  and/or microphone  113 . The one or more buttons optionally include a push button (e.g.,  206 ,  FIG. 2 ). 
     Touch-sensitive display system  112  provides an input interface and an output interface between the device and a user. Display controller  156  receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to touch-sensitive display system  112 . Touch-sensitive display system  112  displays visual output to the user. The visual output optionally includes graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all of the visual output corresponds to user interface objects. As used herein, the term “affordance” refers to a user-interactive graphical user interface object (e.g., a graphical user interface object that is configured to respond to inputs directed toward the graphical user interface object). Examples of user-interactive graphical user interface objects include, without limitation, a button, slider, icon, selectable menu item, switch, hyperlink, or other user interface control. 
     Touch-sensitive display system  112  has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor or set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact. Touch-sensitive display system  112  and display controller  156  (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory  102 ) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on touch-sensitive display system  112  and converts the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages or images) that are displayed on touch-sensitive display system  112 . In an example embodiment, a point of contact between touch-sensitive display system  112  and the user corresponds to a finger of the user or a stylus. 
     Touch-sensitive display system  112  optionally uses LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED (light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologies are used in other embodiments. Touch-sensitive display system  112  and display controller  156  optionally detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of a plurality of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with touch-sensitive display system  112 . In an example embodiment, projected mutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. 
     Touch-sensitive display system  112  optionally has a video resolution in excess of 100 dpi. In some embodiments, the touch screen video resolution is in excess of 400 dpi (e.g., 500 dpi, 800 dpi, or greater). The user optionally makes contact with touch-sensitive display system  112  using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to work with finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired by the user. 
     In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, device  100  optionally includes a touchpad (not shown) for activating or deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output. The touchpad is, optionally, a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from touch-sensitive display system  112  or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen. 
     Device  100  also includes power system  162  for powering the various components. Power system  162  optionally includes a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices. 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more optical sensors  164 .  FIG. 1A  shows an optical sensor coupled with optical sensor controller  158  in I/O subsystem  106 . Optical sensor(s)  164  optionally include charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistors. Optical sensor(s)  164  receive light from the environment, projected through one or more lens, and converts the light to data representing an image. In conjunction with imaging module  143  (also called a camera module), optical sensor(s)  164  optionally capture still images and/or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch-sensitive display system  112  on the front of the device, so that the touch screen is enabled for use as a viewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition. In some embodiments, another optical sensor is located on the front of the device so that the user&#39;s image is obtained (e.g., for selfies, for videoconferencing while the user views the other video conference participants on the touch screen, etc.). 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more contact intensity sensors  165 .  FIG. 1A  shows a contact intensity sensor coupled with intensity sensor controller  159  in I/O subsystem  106 . Contact intensity sensor(s)  165  optionally include one or more piezoresistive strain gauges, capacitive force sensors, electric force sensors, piezoelectric force sensors, optical force sensors, capacitive touch-sensitive surfaces, or other intensity sensors (e.g., sensors used to measure the force (or pressure) of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface). Contact intensity sensor(s)  165  receive contact intensity information (e.g., pressure information or a proxy for pressure information) from the environment. In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112 ). In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch-screen display system  112  which is located on the front of device  100 . 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more proximity sensors  166 .  FIG. 1A  shows proximity sensor  166  coupled with peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, proximity sensor  166  is coupled with input controller  160  in I/O subsystem  106 . In some embodiments, the proximity sensor turns off and disables touch-sensitive display system  112  when the multifunction device is placed near the user&#39;s ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call). 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more tactile output generators  167 .  FIG. 1A  shows a tactile output generator coupled with haptic feedback controller  161  in I/O subsystem  106 . Tactile output generator(s)  167  optionally include one or more electroacoustic devices such as speakers or other audio components and/or electromechanical devices that convert energy into linear motion such as a motor, solenoid, electroactive polymer, piezoelectric actuator, electrostatic actuator, or other tactile output generating component (e.g., a component that converts electrical signals into tactile outputs on the device). Tactile output generator(s)  167  receive tactile feedback generation instructions from haptic feedback module  133  and generates tactile outputs on device  100  that are capable of being sensed by a user of device  100 . In some embodiments, at least one tactile output generator is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112 ) and, optionally, generates a tactile output by moving the touch-sensitive surface vertically (e.g., in/out of a surface of device  100 ) or laterally (e.g., back and forth in the same plane as a surface of device  100 ). In some embodiments, at least one tactile output generator sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch-sensitive display system  112 , which is located on the front of device  100 . 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more accelerometers  168 .  FIG. 1A  shows accelerometer  168  coupled with peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, accelerometer  168  is, optionally, coupled with an input controller  160  in I/O subsystem  106 . In some embodiments, information is displayed on the touch-screen display in a portrait view or a landscape view based on an analysis of data received from the one or more accelerometers. Device  100  optionally includes, in addition to accelerometer(s)  168 , a magnetometer (not shown) and a GPS (or GLONASS or other global navigation system) receiver (not shown) for obtaining information concerning the location and orientation (e.g., portrait or landscape) of device  100 . 
     In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory  102  include operating system  126 , communication module (or set of instructions)  128 , contact/motion module (or set of instructions)  130 , graphics module (or set of instructions)  132 , haptic feedback module (or set of instructions)  133 , text input module (or set of instructions)  134 , Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set of instructions)  135 , and applications (or sets of instructions)  136 . Furthermore, in some embodiments, memory  102  stores device/global internal state  157 , as shown in  FIGS. 1A and 3 . Device/global internal state  157  includes one or more of: active application state, indicating which applications, if any, are currently active; display state, indicating what applications, views or other information occupy various regions of touch-sensitive display system  112 ; sensor state, including information obtained from the device&#39;s various sensors and other input or control devices  116 ; and location and/or positional information concerning the device&#39;s location and/or attitude. 
     Operating system  126  (e.g., iOS, Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components. 
     Communication module  128  facilitates communication with other devices over one or more external ports  124  and also includes various software components for handling data received by RF circuitry  108  and/or external port  124 . External port  124  (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the 30-pin connector used in some iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. In some embodiments, the external port is a Lightning connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the Lightning connector used in some iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. 
     Contact/motion module  130  optionally detects contact with touch-sensitive display system  112  (in conjunction with display controller  156 ) and other touch-sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). Contact/motion module  130  includes various software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact (e.g., by a finger or by a stylus), such as determining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-down event), determining an intensity of the contact (e.g., the force or pressure of the contact or a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact), determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact). Contact/motion module  130  receives contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which is represented by a series of contact data, optionally includes determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. These operations are, optionally, applied to single contacts (e.g., one finger contacts or stylus contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g., “multitouch”/multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments, contact/motion module  130  and display controller  156  detect contact on a touchpad. 
     Contact/motion module  130  optionally detects a gesture input by a user. Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contact patterns (e.g., different motions, timings, and/or intensities of detected contacts). Thus, a gesture is, optionally, detected by detecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a finger tap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event at the same position (or substantially the same position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequently followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event. Similarly, tap, swipe, drag, and other gestures are optionally detected for a stylus by detecting a particular contact pattern for the stylus. 
     Graphics module  132  includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics on touch-sensitive display system  112  or other display, including components for changing the visual impact (e.g., brightness, transparency, saturation, contrast or other visual property) of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics” includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including without limitation text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations and the like. 
     In some embodiments, graphics module  132  stores data representing graphics to be used. Each graphic is, optionally, assigned a corresponding code. Graphics module  132  receives, from applications etc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with, if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and then generates screen image data to output to display controller  156 . 
     Haptic feedback module  133  includes various software components for generating instructions used by tactile output generator(s)  167  to produce tactile outputs at one or more locations on device  100  in response to user interactions with device  100 . 
     Text input module  134 , which is, optionally, a component of graphics module  132 , provides soft keyboards for entering text in various applications (e.g., contacts  137 , e-mail  140 , IM  141 , browser  147 , and any other application that needs text input). 
     GPS module  135  determines the location of the device and provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone  138  for use in location-based dialing, to camera  143  as picture/video metadata, and to applications that provide location-based services such as weather widgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets). 
     Applications  136  optionally include the following modules (or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof:
         contacts module  137  (sometimes called an address book or contact list);   telephone module  138 ;   video conferencing module  139 ;   e-mail client module  140 ;   instant messaging (IM) module  141 ;   workout support module  142 ;   camera module  143  for still and/or video images;   image management module  144 ;   browser module  147 ;   calendar module  148 ;   widget modules  149 , which optionally include one or more of: weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  149 - 3 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , dictionary widget  149 - 5 , and other widgets obtained by the user, as well as user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   widget creator module  150  for making user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   search module  151 ;   video and music player module  152 , which is, optionally, made up of a video player module and a music player module;   notes module  153 ;   map module  154 ; and/or   online video module  155 .       

     Examples of other applications  136  that are, optionally, stored in memory  102  include other word processing applications, other image editing applications, drawing applications, presentation applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice replication. 
     In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , contacts module  137  includes executable instructions to manage an address book or contact list (e.g., stored in application internal state  192  of contacts module  137  in memory  102  or memory  370 ), including: adding name(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book; associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or other information with a name; associating an image with a name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers and/or e-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications by telephone  138 , video conference  139 , e-mail  140 , or IM  141 ; and so forth. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , telephone module  138  includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers in address book  137 , modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation and disconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As noted above, the wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor(s)  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , contact list  137 , and telephone module  138 , videoconferencing module  139  includes executable instructions to initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user and one or more other participants in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140  includes executable instructions to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response to user instructions. In conjunction with image management module  144 , e-mail client module  140  makes it very easy to create and send e-mails with still or video images taken with camera module  143 . 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the instant messaging module  141  includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to an instant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit a respective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service (SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-based instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, Apple Push Notification Service (APNs) or IMPS for Internet-based instant messages), to receive instant messages and to view received instant messages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or received instant messages optionally include graphics, photos, audio files, video files and/or other attachments as are supported in a MMS and/or an Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging” refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, APNs, or IMPS). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , map module  154 , and music player module  152 , workout support module  142  includes executable instructions to create workouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burning goals); communicate with workout sensors (in sports devices and smart watches); receive workout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout; select and play music for a workout; and display, store and transmit workout data. 
     In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor(s)  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and image management module  144 , camera module  143  includes executable instructions to capture still images or video (including a video stream) and store them into memory  102 , modify characteristics of a still image or video, and/or delete a still image or video from memory  102 . 
     In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and camera module  143 , image management module  144  includes executable instructions to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/or video images. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , browser module  147  includes executable instructions to browse the Internet in accordance with user instructions, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portions thereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , calendar module  148  includes executable instructions to create, display, modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendar entries, to do lists, etc.) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , widget modules  149  are mini-applications that are, optionally, downloaded and used by a user (e.g., weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  149 - 3 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , and dictionary widget  149 - 5 ) or created by the user (e.g., user-created widget  149 - 6 ). In some embodiments, a widget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In some embodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , the widget creator module  150  includes executable instructions to create widgets (e.g., turning a user-specified portion of a web page into a widget). 
     In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , search module  151  includes executable instructions to search for text, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory  102  that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , and browser module  147 , video and music player module  152  includes executable instructions that allow the user to download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, and executable instructions to display, present or otherwise play back videos (e.g., on touch-sensitive display system  112 , or on an external display connected wirelessly or via external port  124 ). In some embodiments, device  100  optionally includes the functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.). 
     In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , notes module  153  includes executable instructions to create and manage notes, to do lists, and the like in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , and browser module  147 , map module  154  includes executable instructions to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data associated with maps (e.g., driving directions; data on stores and other points of interest at or near a particular location; and other location-based data) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , online video module  155  includes executable instructions that allow the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen  112 , or on an external display connected wirelessly or via external port  124 ), send an e-mail with a link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats, such as H.264. In some embodiments, instant messaging module  141 , rather than e-mail client module  140 , is used to send a link to a particular online video. 
     Each of the above identified modules and applications correspond to a set of executable instructions for performing one or more functions described above and the methods described in this application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods described herein). These modules (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  102  optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  102  optionally stores additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     In some embodiments, device  100  is a device where operation of a predefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/or a touchpad as the primary input control device for operation of device  100 , the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) on device  100  is, optionally, reduced. 
     The predefined set of functions that are performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad optionally include navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by the user, navigates device  100  to a main, home, or root menu from any user interface that is displayed on device  100 . In such embodiments, a “menu button” is implemented using a touchpad. In some other embodiments, the menu button is a physical push button or other physical input control device instead of a touchpad. 
       FIG. 1B  is a block diagram illustrating example components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  102  (in  FIG. 1A ) or  370  ( FIG. 3 ) includes event sorter  170  (e.g., in operating system  126 ) and a respective application  136 - 1  (e.g., any of the aforementioned applications  136 ,  137 - 155 ,  380 - 390 ). 
     Event sorter  170  receives event information and determines the application  136 - 1  and application view  191  of application  136 - 1  to which to deliver the event information. Event sorter  170  includes event monitor  171  and event dispatcher module  174 . In some embodiments, application  136 - 1  includes application internal state  192 , which indicates the current application view(s) displayed on touch-sensitive display system  112  when the application is active or executing. In some embodiments, device/global internal state  157  is used by event sorter  170  to determine which application(s) is (are) currently active, and application internal state  192  is used by event sorter  170  to determine application views  191  to which to deliver event information. 
     In some embodiments, application internal state  192  includes additional information, such as one or more of: resume information to be used when application  136 - 1  resumes execution, user interface state information that indicates information being displayed or that is ready for display by application  136 - 1 , a state queue for enabling the user to go back to a prior state or view of application  136 - 1 , and a redo/undo queue of previous actions taken by the user. 
     Event monitor  171  receives event information from peripherals interface  118 . Event information includes information about a sub-event (e.g., a user touch on touch-sensitive display system  112 , as part of a multi-touch gesture). Peripherals interface  118  transmits information it receives from I/O subsystem  106  or a sensor, such as proximity sensor  166 , accelerometer(s)  168 , and/or microphone  113  (through audio circuitry  110 ). Information that peripherals interface  118  receives from I/O subsystem  106  includes information from touch-sensitive display system  112  or a touch-sensitive surface. 
     In some embodiments, event monitor  171  sends requests to the peripherals interface  118  at predetermined intervals. In response, peripherals interface  118  transmits event information. In other embodiments, peripheral interface  118  transmits event information only when there is a significant event (e.g., receiving an input above a predetermined noise threshold and/or for more than a predetermined duration). 
     In some embodiments, event sorter  170  also includes a hit view determination module  172  and/or an active event recognizer determination module  173 . 
     Hit view determination module  172  provides software procedures for determining where a sub-event has taken place within one or more views, when touch-sensitive display system  112  displays more than one view. Views are made up of controls and other elements that a user can see on the display. 
     Another aspect of the user interface associated with an application is a set of views, sometimes herein called application views or user interface windows, in which information is displayed and touch-based gestures occur. The application views (of a respective application) in which a touch is detected optionally correspond to programmatic levels within a programmatic or view hierarchy of the application. For example, the lowest level view in which a touch is detected is, optionally, called the hit view, and the set of events that are recognized as proper inputs are, optionally, determined based, at least in part, on the hit view of the initial touch that begins a touch-based gesture. 
     Hit view determination module  172  receives information related to sub-events of a touch-based gesture. When an application has multiple views organized in a hierarchy, hit view determination module  172  identifies a hit view as the lowest view in the hierarchy which should handle the sub-event. In most circumstances, the hit view is the lowest level view in which an initiating sub-event occurs (i.e., the first sub-event in the sequence of sub-events that form an event or potential event). Once the hit view is identified by the hit view determination module, the hit view typically receives all sub-events related to the same touch or input source for which it was identified as the hit view. 
     Active event recognizer determination module  173  determines which view or views within a view hierarchy should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In some embodiments, active event recognizer determination module  173  determines that only the hit view should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, active event recognizer determination module  173  determines that all views that include the physical location of a sub-event are actively involved views, and therefore determines that all actively involved views should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, even if touch sub-events were entirely confined to the area associated with one particular view, views higher in the hierarchy would still remain as actively involved views. 
     Event dispatcher module  174  dispatches the event information to an event recognizer (e.g., event recognizer  180 ). In embodiments including active event recognizer determination module  173 , event dispatcher module  174  delivers the event information to an event recognizer determined by active event recognizer determination module  173 . In some embodiments, event dispatcher module  174  stores in an event queue the event information, which is retrieved by a respective event receiver module  182 . 
     In some embodiments, operating system  126  includes event sorter  170 . Alternatively, application  136 - 1  includes event sorter  170 . In yet other embodiments, event sorter  170  is a stand-alone module, or a part of another module stored in memory  102 , such as contact/motion module  130 . 
     In some embodiments, application  136 - 1  includes a plurality of event handlers  190  and one or more application views  191 , each of which includes instructions for handling touch events that occur within a respective view of the application&#39;s user interface. Each application view  191  of the application  136 - 1  includes one or more event recognizers  180 . Typically, a respective application view  191  includes a plurality of event recognizers  180 . In other embodiments, one or more of event recognizers  180  are part of a separate module, such as a user interface kit (not shown) or a higher level object from which application  136 - 1  inherits methods and other properties. In some embodiments, a respective event handler  190  includes one or more of: data updater  176 , object updater  177 , GUI updater  178 , and/or event data  179  received from event sorter  170 . Event handler  190  optionally utilizes or calls data updater  176 , object updater  177  or GUI updater  178  to update the application internal state  192 . Alternatively, one or more of the application views  191  includes one or more respective event handlers  190 . Also, in some embodiments, one or more of data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178  are included in a respective application view  191 . 
     A respective event recognizer  180  receives event information (e.g., event data  179 ) from event sorter  170 , and identifies an event from the event information. Event recognizer  180  includes event receiver  182  and event comparator  184 . In some embodiments, event recognizer  180  also includes at least a subset of: metadata  183 , and event delivery instructions  188  (which optionally include sub-event delivery instructions). 
     Event receiver  182  receives event information from event sorter  170 . The event information includes information about a sub-event, for example, a touch or a touch movement. Depending on the sub-event, the event information also includes additional information, such as location of the sub-event. When the sub-event concerns motion of a touch, the event information optionally also includes speed and direction of the sub-event. In some embodiments, events include rotation of the device from one orientation to another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to a landscape orientation, or vice versa), and the event information includes corresponding information about the current orientation (also called device attitude) of the device. 
     Event comparator  184  compares the event information to predefined event or sub-event definitions and, based on the comparison, determines an event or sub-event, or determines or updates the state of an event or sub-event. In some embodiments, event comparator  184  includes event definitions  186 . Event definitions  186  contain definitions of events (e.g., predefined sequences of sub-events), for example, event  1  ( 187 - 1 ), event  2  ( 187 - 2 ), and others. In some embodiments, sub-events in an event  187  include, for example, touch begin, touch end, touch movement, touch cancellation, and multiple touching. In one example, the definition for event  1  ( 187 - 1 ) is a double tap on a displayed object. The double tap, for example, comprises a first touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a first lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase, a second touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, and a second lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase. In another example, the definition for event  2  ( 187 - 2 ) is a dragging on a displayed object. The dragging, for example, comprises a touch (or contact) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a movement of the touch across touch-sensitive display system  112 , and lift-off of the touch (touch end). In some embodiments, the event also includes information for one or more associated event handlers  190 . 
     In some embodiments, event definition  187  includes a definition of an event for a respective user-interface object. In some embodiments, event comparator  184  performs a hit test to determine which user-interface object is associated with a sub-event. For example, in an application view in which three user-interface objects are displayed on touch-sensitive display system  112 , when a touch is detected on touch-sensitive display system  112 , event comparator  184  performs a hit test to determine which of the three user-interface objects is associated with the touch (sub-event). If each displayed object is associated with a respective event handler  190 , the event comparator uses the result of the hit test to determine which event handler  190  should be activated. For example, event comparator  184  selects an event handler associated with the sub-event and the object triggering the hit test. 
     In some embodiments, the definition for a respective event  187  also includes delayed actions that delay delivery of the event information until after it has been determined whether the sequence of sub-events does or does not correspond to the event recognizer&#39;s event type. 
     When a respective event recognizer  180  determines that the series of sub-events do not match any of the events in event definitions  186 , the respective event recognizer  180  enters an event impossible, event failed, or event ended state, after which it disregards subsequent sub-events of the touch-based gesture. In this situation, other event recognizers, if any, that remain active for the hit view continue to track and process sub-events of an ongoing touch-based gesture. 
     In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  includes metadata  183  with configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how the event delivery system should perform sub-event delivery to actively involved event recognizers. In some embodiments, metadata  183  includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how event recognizers interact, or are enabled to interact, with one another. In some embodiments, metadata  183  includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate whether sub-events are delivered to varying levels in the view or programmatic hierarchy. 
     In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  activates event handler  190  associated with an event when one or more particular sub-events of an event are recognized. In some embodiments, respective event recognizer  180  delivers event information associated with the event to event handler  190 . Activating an event handler  190  is distinct from sending (and deferred sending) sub-events to a respective hit view. In some embodiments, event recognizer  180  throws a flag associated with the recognized event, and event handler  190  associated with the flag catches the flag and performs a predefined process. 
     In some embodiments, event delivery instructions  188  include sub-event delivery instructions that deliver event information about a sub-event without activating an event handler. Instead, the sub-event delivery instructions deliver event information to event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or to actively involved views. Event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or with actively involved views receive the event information and perform a predetermined process. 
     In some embodiments, data updater  176  creates and updates data used in application  136 - 1 . For example, data updater  176  updates the telephone number used in contacts module  137 , or stores a video file used in video player module  152 . In some embodiments, object updater  177  creates and updates objects used in application  136 - 1 . For example, object updater  177  creates a new user-interface object or updates the position of a user-interface object. GUI updater  178  updates the GUI. For example, GUI updater  178  prepares display information and sends it to graphics module  132  for display on a touch-sensitive display. 
     In some embodiments, event handler(s)  190  includes or has access to data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178 . In some embodiments, data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178  are included in a single module of a respective application  136 - 1  or application view  191 . In other embodiments, they are included in two or more software modules. 
     It shall be understood that the foregoing discussion regarding event handling of user touches on touch-sensitive displays also applies to other forms of user inputs to operate multifunction devices  100  with input-devices, not all of which are initiated on touch screens. For example, mouse movement and mouse button presses, optionally coordinated with single or multiple keyboard presses or holds; contact movements such as taps, drags, scrolls, etc., on touch-pads; pen stylus inputs; movement of the device; oral instructions; detected eye movements; biometric inputs; and/or any combination thereof are optionally utilized as inputs corresponding to sub-events which define an event to be recognized. 
       FIG. 1C  is a block diagram illustrating a tactile output module in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, I/O subsystem  106  (e.g., haptic feedback controller  161  ( FIG. 1A ) and/or other input controller(s)  160  ( FIG. 1A )) includes at least some of the example components shown in  FIG. 1C . In some embodiments, peripherals interface  118  includes at least some of the example components shown in  FIG. 1C . 
     In some embodiments, the tactile output module includes haptic feedback module  133 . In some embodiments, haptic feedback module  133  aggregates and combines tactile outputs for user interface feedback from software applications on the electronic device (e.g., feedback that is responsive to user inputs that correspond to displayed user interfaces and alerts and other notifications that indicate the performance of operations or occurrence of events in user interfaces of the electronic device). Haptic feedback module  133  includes one or more of: waveform module  123  (for providing waveforms used for generating tactile outputs), mixer  125  (for mixing waveforms, such as waveforms in different channels), compressor  127  (for reducing or compressing a dynamic range of the waveforms), low-pass filter  129  (for filtering out high frequency signal components in the waveforms), and thermal controller  131  (for adjusting the waveforms in accordance with thermal conditions). In some embodiments, haptic feedback module  133  is included in haptic feedback controller  161  ( FIG. 1A ). In some embodiments, a separate unit of haptic feedback module  133  (or a separate implementation of haptic feedback module  133 ) is also included in an audio controller (e.g., audio circuitry  110 ,  FIG. 1A ) and used for generating audio signals. In some embodiments, a single haptic feedback module  133  is used for generating audio signals and generating waveforms for tactile outputs. 
     In some embodiments, haptic feedback module  133  also includes trigger module  121  (e.g., a software application, operating system, or other software module that determines a tactile output is to be generated and initiates the process for generating the corresponding tactile output). In some embodiments, trigger module  121  generates trigger signals for initiating generation of waveforms (e.g., by waveform module  123 ). For example, trigger module  121  generates trigger signals based on preset timing criteria. In some embodiments, trigger module  121  receives trigger signals from outside haptic feedback module  133  (e.g., in some embodiments, haptic feedback module  133  receives trigger signals from hardware input processing module  146  located outside haptic feedback module  133 ) and relays the trigger signals to other components within haptic feedback module  133  (e.g., waveform module  123 ) or software applications that trigger operations (e.g., with trigger module  121 ) based on activation of a user interface element (e.g., an application icon or an affordance within an application) or a hardware input device (e.g., a home button). In some embodiments, trigger module  121  also receives tactile feedback generation instructions (e.g., from haptic feedback module  133 ,  FIGS. 1A and 3 ). In some embodiments, trigger module  121  generates trigger signals in response to haptic feedback module  133  (or trigger module  121  in haptic feedback module  133 ) receiving tactile feedback instructions (e.g., from haptic feedback module  133 ,  FIGS. 1A and 3 ). 
     Waveform module  123  receives trigger signals (e.g., from trigger module  121 ) as an input, and in response to receiving trigger signals, provides waveforms for generation of one or more tactile outputs (e.g., waveforms selected from a predefined set of waveforms designated for use by waveform module  123 , such as the waveforms described in greater detail below with reference to  FIGS. 4D-4E ). 
     Mixer  125  receives waveforms (e.g., from waveform module  123 ) as an input, and mixes together the waveforms. For example, when mixer  125  receives two or more waveforms (e.g., a first waveform in a first channel and a second waveform that at least partially overlaps with the first waveform in a second channel) mixer  125  outputs a combined waveform that corresponds to a sum of the two or more waveforms. In some embodiments, mixer  125  also modifies one or more waveforms of the two or more waveforms to emphasize particular waveform(s) over the rest of the two or more waveforms (e.g., by increasing a scale of the particular waveform(s) and/or decreasing a scale of the rest of the waveforms). In some circumstances, mixer  125  selects one or more waveforms to remove from the combined waveform (e.g., the waveform from the oldest source is dropped when there are waveforms from more than three sources that have been requested to be output concurrently by tactile output generator  167 ) 
     Compressor  127  receives waveforms (e.g., a combined waveform from mixer  125 ) as an input, and modifies the waveforms. In some embodiments, compressor  127  reduces the waveforms (e.g., in accordance with physical specifications of tactile output generators  167  ( FIG. 1A ) or  357  ( FIG. 3 )) so that tactile outputs corresponding to the waveforms are reduced. In some embodiments, compressor  127  limits the waveforms, such as by enforcing a predefined maximum amplitude for the waveforms. For example, compressor  127  reduces amplitudes of portions of waveforms that exceed a predefined amplitude threshold while maintaining amplitudes of portions of waveforms that do not exceed the predefined amplitude threshold. In some embodiments, compressor  127  reduces a dynamic range of the waveforms. In some embodiments, compressor  127  dynamically reduces the dynamic range of the waveforms so that the combined waveforms remain within performance specifications of the tactile output generator  167  (e.g., force and/or moveable mass displacement limits). 
     Low-pass filter  129  receives waveforms (e.g., compressed waveforms from compressor  127 ) as an input, and filters (e.g., smooths) the waveforms (e.g., removes or reduces high frequency signal components in the waveforms). For example, in some instances, compressor  127  includes, in compressed waveforms, extraneous signals (e.g., high frequency signal components) that interfere with the generation of tactile outputs and/or exceed performance specifications of tactile output generator  167  when the tactile outputs are generated in accordance with the compressed waveforms. Low-pass filter  129  reduces or removes such extraneous signals in the waveforms. 
     Thermal controller  131  receives waveforms (e.g., filtered waveforms from low-pass filter  129 ) as an input, and adjusts the waveforms in accordance with thermal conditions of device  100  (e.g., based on internal temperatures detected within device  100 , such as the temperature of haptic feedback controller  161 , and/or external temperatures detected by device  100 ). For example, in some cases, the output of haptic feedback controller  161  varies depending on the temperature (e.g. haptic feedback controller  161 , in response to receiving same waveforms, generates a first tactile output when haptic feedback controller  161  is at a first temperature and generates a second tactile output when haptic feedback controller  161  is at a second temperature that is distinct from the first temperature). For example, the magnitude (or the amplitude) of the tactile outputs may vary depending on the temperature. To reduce the effect of the temperature variations, the waveforms are modified (e.g., an amplitude of the waveforms is increased or decreased based on the temperature). 
     In some embodiments, haptic feedback module  133  (e.g., trigger module  121 ) is coupled to hardware input processing module  146 . In some embodiments, other input controller(s)  160  in  FIG. 1A  includes hardware input processing module  146 . In some embodiments, hardware input processing module  146  receives inputs from hardware input device  145  (e.g., other input or control devices  116  in  FIG. 1A , such as a home button). In some embodiments, hardware input device  145  is any input device described herein, such as touch-sensitive display system  112  ( FIG. 1A ), keyboard/mouse  350  ( FIG. 3 ), touchpad  355  ( FIG. 3 ), one of other input or control devices  116  ( FIG. 1A ), or an intensity-sensitive home button (e.g., a home button with a mechanical actuator). In some embodiments, hardware input device  145  consists of an intensity-sensitive home button (e.g., a home button with a mechanical actuator), and not touch-sensitive display system  112  ( FIG. 1A ), keyboard/mouse  350  ( FIG. 3 ), or touchpad  355  ( FIG. 3 ). In some embodiments, in response to inputs from hardware input device  145 , hardware input processing module  146  provides one or more trigger signals to haptic feedback module  133  to indicate that a user input satisfying predefined input criteria, such as an input corresponding to a “click” of a home button (e.g., a “down click” or an “up click”), has been detected. In some embodiments, haptic feedback module  133  provides waveforms that correspond to the “click” of a home button in response to the input corresponding to the “click” of a home button, simulating a haptic feedback of pressing a physical home button. 
     In some embodiments, the tactile output module includes haptic feedback controller  161  (e.g., haptic feedback controller  161  in  FIG. 1A ), which controls the generation of tactile outputs. In some embodiments, haptic feedback controller  161  is coupled to a plurality of tactile output generators, and selects one or more tactile output generators of the plurality of tactile output generators and sends waveforms to the selected one or more tactile output generators for generating tactile outputs. In some embodiments, haptic feedback controller  161  coordinates tactile output requests that correspond to activation of hardware input device  145  and tactile output requests that correspond to software events (e.g., tactile output requests from haptic feedback module  133 ) and modifies one or more waveforms of the two or more waveforms to emphasize particular waveform(s) over the rest of the two or more waveforms (e.g., by increasing a scale of the particular waveform(s) and/or decreasing a scale of the rest of the waveforms, such as to prioritize tactile outputs that correspond to activations of hardware input device  145  over tactile outputs that correspond to software events). 
     In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 1C , an output of haptic feedback controller  161  is coupled to audio circuitry of device  100  (e.g., audio circuitry  110 ,  FIG. 1A ), and provides audio signals to audio circuitry of device  100 . In some embodiments, haptic feedback controller  161  provides both waveforms used for generating tactile outputs and audio signals used for providing audio outputs in conjunction with generation of the tactile outputs. In some embodiments, haptic feedback controller  161  modifies audio signals and/or waveforms (used for generating tactile outputs) so that the audio outputs and the tactile outputs are synchronized (e.g., by delaying the audio signals and/or waveforms). In some embodiments, haptic feedback controller  161  includes a digital-to-analog converter used for converting digital waveforms into analog signals, which are received by amplifier  163  and/or tactile output generator  167 . 
     In some embodiments, the tactile output module includes amplifier  163 . In some embodiments, amplifier  163  receives waveforms (e.g., from haptic feedback controller  161 ) and amplifies the waveforms prior to sending the amplified waveforms to tactile output generator  167  (e.g., any of tactile output generators  167  ( FIG. 1A ) or  357  ( FIG. 3 )). For example, amplifier  163  amplifies the received waveforms to signal levels that are in accordance with physical specifications of tactile output generator  167  (e.g., to a voltage and/or a current required by tactile output generator  167  for generating tactile outputs so that the signals sent to tactile output generator  167  produce tactile outputs that correspond to the waveforms received from haptic feedback controller  161 ) and sends the amplified waveforms to tactile output generator  167 . In response, tactile output generator  167  generates tactile outputs (e.g., by shifting a moveable mass back and forth in one or more dimensions relative to a neutral position of the moveable mass). 
     In some embodiments, the tactile output module includes sensor  169 , which is coupled to tactile output generator  167 . Sensor  169  detects states or state changes (e.g., mechanical position, physical displacement, and/or movement) of tactile output generator  167  or one or more components of tactile output generator  167  (e.g., one or more moving parts, such as a membrane, used to generate tactile outputs). In some embodiments, sensor  169  is a magnetic field sensor (e.g., a Hall effect sensor) or other displacement and/or movement sensor. In some embodiments, sensor  169  provides information (e.g., a position, a displacement, and/or a movement of one or more parts in tactile output generator  167 ) to haptic feedback controller  161  and, in accordance with the information provided by sensor  169  about the state of tactile output generator  167 , haptic feedback controller  161  adjusts the waveforms output from haptic feedback controller  161  (e.g., waveforms sent to tactile output generator  167 , optionally via amplifier  163 ). 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a portable multifunction device  100  having a touch screen (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112 ,  FIG. 1A ) in accordance with some embodiments. The touch screen optionally displays one or more graphics within user interface (UI)  200 . In this embodiment, as well as others described below, a user is enabled to select one or more of the graphics by making a gesture on the graphics, for example, with one or more fingers  202  (not drawn to scale in the figure) or one or more styluses  203  (not drawn to scale in the figure). In some embodiments, selection of one or more graphics occurs when the user breaks contact with the one or more graphics. In some embodiments, the gesture optionally includes one or more taps, one or more swipes (from left to right, right to left, upward and/or downward) and/or a rolling of a finger (from right to left, left to right, upward and/or downward) that has made contact with device  100 . In some implementations or circumstances, inadvertent contact with a graphic does not select the graphic. For example, a swipe gesture that sweeps over an application icon optionally does not select the corresponding application when the gesture corresponding to selection is a tap. 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more physical buttons, such as “home” or menu button  204 . As described previously, menu button  204  is, optionally, used to navigate to any application  136  in a set of applications that are, optionally executed on device  100 . Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as a soft key in a GUI displayed on the touch-screen display. 
     In some embodiments, device  100  includes the touch-screen display, menu button  204 , push button  206  for powering the device on/off and locking the device, volume adjustment button(s)  208 , Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card slot  210 , head set jack  212 , and docking/charging external port  124 . Push button  206  is, optionally, used to turn the power on/off on the device by depressing the button and holding the button in the depressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by depressing the button and releasing the button before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an unlock process. In some embodiments, device  100  also accepts verbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions through microphone  113 . Device  100  also, optionally, includes one or more contact intensity sensors  165  for detecting intensity of contacts on touch-sensitive display system  112  and/or one or more tactile output generators  167  for generating tactile outputs for a user of device  100 . 
       FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an example multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. Device  300  need not be portable. In some embodiments, device  300  is a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a tablet computer, a multimedia player device, a navigation device, an educational device (such as a child&#39;s learning toy), a gaming system, or a control device (e.g., a home or industrial controller). Device  300  typically includes one or more processing units (CPU&#39;s)  310 , one or more network or other communications interfaces  360 , memory  370 , and one or more communication buses  320  for interconnecting these components. Communication buses  320  optionally include circuitry (sometimes called a chipset) that interconnects and controls communications between system components. Device  300  includes input/output (I/O) interface  330  comprising display  340 , which is typically a touch-screen display. I/O interface  330  also optionally includes a keyboard and/or mouse (or other pointing device)  350  and touchpad  355 , tactile output generator  357  for generating tactile outputs on device  300  (e.g., similar to tactile output generator(s)  167  described above with reference to  FIG. 1A ), sensors  359  (e.g., optical, acceleration, proximity, touch-sensitive, and/or contact intensity sensors similar to contact intensity sensor(s)  165  described above with reference to  FIG. 1A ). Memory  370  includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM or other random access solid state memory devices; and optionally includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory  370  optionally includes one or more storage devices remotely located from CPU(s)  310 . In some embodiments, memory  370  stores programs, modules, and data structures analogous to the programs, modules, and data structures stored in memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100  ( FIG. 1A ), or a subset thereof. Furthermore, memory  370  optionally stores additional programs, modules, and data structures not present in memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100 . For example, memory  370  of device  300  optionally stores drawing module  380 , presentation module  382 , word processing module  384 , website creation module  386 , disk authoring module  388 , and/or spreadsheet module  390 , while memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100  ( FIG. 1A ) optionally does not store these modules. 
     Each of the above identified elements in  FIG. 3  is, optionally, stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices. Each of the above identified modules corresponds to a set of instructions for performing a function described above. The above identified modules or programs (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  370  optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  370  optionally stores additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) that are, optionally, implemented on portable multifunction device  100 . 
       FIG. 4A  illustrates an example user interface for a menu of applications on portable multifunction device  100  in accordance with some embodiments. Similar user interfaces are, optionally, implemented on device  300 . In some embodiments, user interface  400  includes the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:
         Signal strength indicator(s)  402  for wireless communication(s), such as cellular and Wi-Fi signals;   Time  404 ;   Bluetooth indicator  405 ;   Battery status indicator  406 ;   Tray  408  with icons for frequently used applications, such as:
           Icon  416  for telephone module  138 , labeled “Phone,” which optionally includes an indicator  414  of the number of missed calls or voicemail messages;   Icon  418  for e-mail client module  140 , labeled “Mail,” which optionally includes an indicator  410  of the number of unread e-mails;   Icon  420  for browser module  147 , labeled “Browser;” and   Icon  422  for video and music player module  152 , also referred to as iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) module  152 , labeled “iPod;” and   
           Icons for other applications, such as:
           Icon  424  for IM module  141 , labeled “Messages;”   Icon  426  for calendar module  148 , labeled “Calendar;”   Icon  428  for image management module  144 , labeled “Photos;”   Icon  430  for camera module  143 , labeled “Camera;”   Icon  432  for online video module  155 , labeled “Online Video;”   Icon  434  for stocks widget  149 - 2 , labeled “Stocks;”   Icon  436  for map module  154 , labeled “Map;”   Icon  438  for weather widget  149 - 1 , labeled “Weather;”   Icon  440  for alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , labeled “Clock;”   Icon  442  for workout support module  142 , labeled “Workout Support;”   Icon  444  for notes module  153 , labeled “Notes;” and   Icon  446  for a settings application or module, which provides access to settings for device  100  and its various applications  136 .   
               

     It should be noted that the icon labels illustrated in  FIG. 4A  are merely examples. For example, in some embodiments, icon  422  for video and music player module  152  is labeled “Music” or “Music Player.” Other labels are, optionally, used for various application icons. In some embodiments, a label for a respective application icon includes a name of an application corresponding to the respective application icon. In some embodiments, a label for a particular application icon is distinct from a name of an application corresponding to the particular application icon. 
       FIG. 4A  also shows an input  403 , such as a finger or stylus contact on home button  204 . A finger or stylus contact is sometimes herein called a touch input. In some embodiments, home button  204  is separate from the display  112  and, optionally, includes a set of one or more intensity sensors that are separate from intensity sensors used to detect the intensity of inputs on the display. In some embodiments, home button  204  is a virtual home button that is displayed on the display (e.g., with a set of one or more intensity sensors that are separate from intensity sensors used to detect the intensity of inputs on the display or, optionally, using intensity sensors integrated into the display to determine an intensity of an input with the virtual home button). 
     In some embodiments, or in some circumstances, input  403  on home button  204  causes tactile output  409  to be generated. For example, a respective tactile output  409  may be generated in response to a single click, double click, long press, or other input or input gesture on home button  204 . Similarly,  FIG. 4A  also shows another input  407 , such as a finger or stylus contact on application icon  424 . In some embodiments, or in some circumstances, input  407  on application icon  204  causes a respective tactile output  411  to be generated. For example, respective tactile output  411  may be generated in response to a single click, double click, long press, or other input or input gesture on application icon  424 . Furthermore, in some embodiments, tactile output  409  may have higher priority than tactile output  411 , for example because tactile output  409  corresponds to an input on a hardware element (e.g., home button  204 ), and tactile output  411  corresponds to an input on a user interface element (e.g., an application icon) displayed on the electronic device&#39;s display  112 . 
       FIG. 4B  illustrates an example user interface on a device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG. 3 ) with a touch-sensitive surface  451  (e.g., a tablet or touchpad  355 ,  FIG. 3 ) that is separate from the display  450 . Device  300  also, optionally, includes one or more contact intensity sensors (e.g., one or more of sensors  357 ) for detecting intensity of contacts on touch-sensitive surface  451  and/or one or more tactile output generators  359  for generating tactile outputs for a user of device  300 . 
       FIG. 4B  illustrates an example user interface on a device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG. 3 ) with a touch-sensitive surface  451  (e.g., a tablet or touchpad  355 ,  FIG. 3 ) that is separate from the display  450 . Although many of the examples that follow will be given with reference to inputs on touch screen display  112  (where the touch sensitive surface and the display are combined), in some embodiments, the device detects inputs on a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display, as shown in  FIG. 4B . In some embodiments, the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,  451  in  FIG. 4B ) has a primary axis (e.g.,  452  in  FIG. 4B ) that corresponds to a primary axis (e.g.,  453  in  FIG. 4B ) on the display (e.g.,  450 ). In accordance with these embodiments, the device detects contacts (e.g.,  460  and  462  in  FIG. 4B ) with the touch-sensitive surface  451  at locations that correspond to respective locations on the display (e.g., in  FIG. 4B, 460  corresponds to  468  and  462  corresponds to  470 ). In this way, user inputs (e.g., contacts  460  and  462 , and movements thereof) detected by the device on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,  451  in  FIG. 4B ) are used by the device to manipulate the user interface on the display (e.g.,  450  in  FIG. 4B ) of the multifunction device when the touch-sensitive surface is separate from the display. It should be understood that similar methods are, optionally, used for other user interfaces described herein. 
     Additionally, while the following examples are given primarily with reference to finger inputs (e.g., finger contacts, finger tap gestures, finger swipe gestures, etc.), it should be understood that, in some embodiments, one or more of the finger inputs are replaced with input from another input device (e.g., a mouse based input or a stylus input). For example, a swipe gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click (e.g., instead of a contact) followed by movement of the cursor along the path of the swipe (e.g., instead of movement of the contact). As another example, a tap gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click while the cursor is located over the location of the tap gesture (e.g., instead of detection of the contact followed by ceasing to detect the contact). Similarly, when multiple user inputs are simultaneously detected, it should be understood that multiple computer mice are, optionally, used simultaneously, or a mouse and finger contacts are, optionally, used simultaneously. 
     As used herein, the term “focus selector” is an input element that indicates a current part of a user interface with which a user is interacting. In some implementations that include a cursor or other location marker, the cursor acts as a “focus selector,” so that when an input (e.g., a press input) is detected on a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touchpad  355  in  FIG. 3  or touch-sensitive surface  451  in  FIG. 4B ) while the cursor is over a particular user interface element (e.g., a button, window, slider or other user interface element), the particular user interface element is adjusted in accordance with the detected input. In some implementations that include a touch-screen display (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112  in  FIG. 1A  or the touch screen in  FIG. 4A ) that enables direct interaction with user interface elements on the touch-screen display, a detected contact on the touch-screen acts as a “focus selector,” so that when an input (e.g., a press input by the contact) is detected on the touch-screen display at a location of a particular user interface element (e.g., a button, window, slider or other user interface element), the particular user interface element is adjusted in accordance with the detected input. In some implementations, focus is moved from one region of a user interface to another region of the user interface without corresponding movement of a cursor or movement of a contact on a touch-screen display (e.g., by using a tab key or arrow keys to move focus from one button to another button); in these implementations, the focus selector moves in accordance with movement of focus between different regions of the user interface. Without regard to the specific form taken by the focus selector, the focus selector is generally the user interface element (or contact on a touch-screen display) that is controlled by the user so as to communicate the user&#39;s intended interaction with the user interface (e.g., by indicating, to the device, the element of the user interface with which the user is intending to interact). For example, the location of a focus selector (e.g., a cursor, a contact, or a selection box) over a respective button while a press input is detected on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touchpad or touch screen) will indicate that the user is intending to activate the respective button (as opposed to other user interface elements shown on a display of the device). 
     As used in the specification and claims, the term “intensity” of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface is the force or pressure (force per unit area) of a contact (e.g., a finger contact or a stylus contact) on the touch-sensitive surface, or to a substitute (proxy) for the force or pressure of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface. The intensity of a contact has a range of values that includes at least four distinct values and more typically includes hundreds of distinct values (e.g., at least 256). Intensity of a contact is, optionally, determined (or measured) using various approaches and various sensors or combinations of sensors. For example, one or more force sensors underneath or adjacent to the touch-sensitive surface are, optionally, used to measure force at various points on the touch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, force measurements from multiple force sensors are combined (e.g., a weighted average or a sum) to determine an estimated force of a contact. Similarly, a pressure-sensitive tip of a stylus is, optionally, used to determine a pressure of the stylus on the touch-sensitive surface. Alternatively, the size of the contact area detected on the touch-sensitive surface and/or changes thereto, the capacitance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto, and/or the resistance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto are, optionally, used as a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are used directly to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is described in units corresponding to the substitute measurements). In some implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are converted to an estimated force or pressure and the estimated force or pressure is used to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is a pressure threshold measured in units of pressure). Using the intensity of a contact as an attribute of a user input allows for user access to additional device functionality that may otherwise not be readily accessible by the user on a reduced-size device with limited real estate for displaying affordances (e.g., on a touch-sensitive display) and/or receiving user input (e.g., via a touch-sensitive display, a touch-sensitive surface, or a physical/mechanical control such as a knob or a button). 
     In some embodiments, contact/motion module  130  uses a set of one or more intensity thresholds to determine whether an operation has been performed by a user (e.g., to determine whether a user has “clicked” on an icon). In some embodiments, at least a subset of the intensity thresholds are determined in accordance with software parameters (e.g., the intensity thresholds are not determined by the activation thresholds of particular physical actuators and can be adjusted without changing the physical hardware of device  100 ). For example, a mouse “click” threshold of a trackpad or touch-screen display can be set to any of a large range of predefined thresholds values without changing the trackpad or touch-screen display hardware. Additionally, in some implementations a user of the device is provided with software settings for adjusting one or more of the set of intensity thresholds (e.g., by adjusting individual intensity thresholds and/or by adjusting a plurality of intensity thresholds at once with a system-level click “intensity” parameter). 
     As used in the specification and claims, the term “characteristic intensity” of a contact is a characteristic of the contact based on one or more intensities of the contact. In some embodiments, the characteristic intensity is based on multiple intensity samples. The characteristic intensity is, optionally, based on a predefined number of intensity samples, or a set of intensity samples collected during a predetermined time period (e.g., 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 seconds) relative to a predefined event (e.g., after detecting the contact, prior to detecting liftoff of the contact, before or after detecting a start of movement of the contact, prior to detecting an end of the contact, before or after detecting an increase in intensity of the contact, and/or before or after detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact). A characteristic intensity of a contact is, optionally based on one or more of: a maximum value of the intensities of the contact, a mean value of the intensities of the contact, an average value of the intensities of the contact, a top 10 percentile value of the intensities of the contact, a value at the half maximum of the intensities of the contact, a value at the 90 percent maximum of the intensities of the contact, a value produced by low-pass filtering the intensity of the contact over a predefined period or starting at a predefined time, or the like. In some embodiments, the duration of the contact is used in determining the characteristic intensity (e.g., when the characteristic intensity is an average of the intensity of the contact over time). In some embodiments, the characteristic intensity is compared to a set of one or more intensity thresholds to determine whether an operation has been performed by a user. For example, the set of one or more intensity thresholds may include a first intensity threshold and a second intensity threshold. In this example, a contact with a characteristic intensity that does not exceed the first threshold results in a first operation, a contact with a characteristic intensity that exceeds the first intensity threshold and does not exceed the second intensity threshold results in a second operation, and a contact with a characteristic intensity that exceeds the second intensity threshold results in a third operation. In some embodiments, a comparison between the characteristic intensity and one or more intensity thresholds is used to determine whether or not to perform one or more operations (e.g., whether to perform a respective option or forgo performing the respective operation) rather than being used to determine whether to perform a first operation or a second operation. 
     In some embodiments, a portion of a gesture is identified for purposes of determining a characteristic intensity. For example, a touch-sensitive surface may receive a continuous swipe contact transitioning from a start location and reaching an end location (e.g., a drag gesture), at which point the intensity of the contact increases. In this example, the characteristic intensity of the contact at the end location may be based on only a portion of the continuous swipe contact, and not the entire swipe contact (e.g., only the portion of the swipe contact at the end location). In some embodiments, a smoothing algorithm may be applied to the intensities of the swipe contact prior to determining the characteristic intensity of the contact. For example, the smoothing algorithm optionally includes one or more of: an unweighted sliding-average smoothing algorithm, a triangular smoothing algorithm, a median filter smoothing algorithm, and/or an exponential smoothing algorithm. In some circumstances, these smoothing algorithms eliminate narrow spikes or dips in the intensities of the swipe contact for purposes of determining a characteristic intensity. 
     The user interface figures described herein optionally include various intensity diagrams that show the current intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface relative to one or more intensity thresholds (e.g., a contact detection intensity threshold IT 0 , a light press intensity threshold IT L , a deep press intensity threshold IT D  (e.g., that is at least initially higher than I L ), and/or one or more other intensity thresholds (e.g., an intensity threshold I H  that is lower than I L )). This intensity diagram is typically not part of the displayed user interface, but is provided to aid in the interpretation of the figures. In some embodiments, the light press intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will perform operations typically associated with clicking a button of a physical mouse or a trackpad. In some embodiments, the deep press intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will perform operations that are different from operations typically associated with clicking a button of a physical mouse or a trackpad. In some embodiments, when a contact is detected with a characteristic intensity below the light press intensity threshold (e.g., and above a nominal contact-detection intensity threshold IT 0  below which the contact is no longer detected), the device will move a focus selector in accordance with movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface without performing an operation associated with the light press intensity threshold or the deep press intensity threshold. Generally, unless otherwise stated, these intensity thresholds are consistent between different sets of user interface figures. 
     In some embodiments, the response of the device to inputs detected by the device depends on criteria based on the contact intensity during the input. For example, for some “light press” inputs, the intensity of a contact exceeding a first intensity threshold during the input triggers a first response. In some embodiments, the response of the device to inputs detected by the device depends on criteria that include both the contact intensity during the input and time-based criteria. For example, for some “deep press” inputs, the intensity of a contact exceeding a second intensity threshold during the input, greater than the first intensity threshold for a light press, triggers a second response only if a delay time has elapsed between meeting the first intensity threshold and meeting the second intensity threshold. This delay time is typically less than 200 ms in duration (e.g., 40, 100, or 120 ms, depending on the magnitude of the second intensity threshold, with the delay time increasing as the second intensity threshold increases). This delay time helps to avoid accidental recognition of deep press inputs. As another example, for some “deep press” inputs, there is a reduced-sensitivity time period that occurs after the time at which the first intensity threshold is met. During the reduced-sensitivity time period, the second intensity threshold is increased. This temporary increase in the second intensity threshold also helps to avoid accidental deep press inputs. For other deep press inputs, the response to detection of a deep press input does not depend on time-based criteria. 
     In some embodiments, one or more of the input intensity thresholds and/or the corresponding outputs vary based on one or more factors, such as user settings, contact motion, input timing, application running, rate at which the intensity is applied, number of concurrent inputs, user history, environmental factors (e.g., ambient noise), focus selector position, and the like. Example factors are described in U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 14/399,606 and 14/624,296, which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. 
       FIG. 4C  illustrates an example user interface  472  on a device  100  (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG. 3 ). In this example, user interface  472  includes a notification  413  (e.g., an invitation to attend an event) produced in response to an electronic message received by device  100 . Notification  413  is asynchronous with respect to any action by the user of device  100 , as it is not triggered by a user input on a touch-sensitive surface or hardware element. In some embodiments, device  100  generates a tactile output  415  in response to, or in conjunction with, displaying notification  413 . Furthermore, in some embodiments, tactile output  415  has a lower priority than tactile outputs generated in response to a user input on a hardware element, and lower priority than tactile outputs generated in response to a user input on a graphical user interface element displayed on a display of the electronic device. 
     User Interfaces and Associated Processes 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) and associated processes that may be implemented on an electronic device, such as portable multifunction device  100  or device  300 , with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. 
       FIGS. 5A-5L  illustrate examples of tactile outputs, combinations of tactile outputs, and corresponding audio outputs, in accordance with some embodiments. It is noted that examples of tactile outputs are discussed above with reference to  FIGS. 4D-4E , and such examples are applicable to the tactile outputs discussed herein with respect to  FIGS. 5A-5L  and methods  600 ,  700  and  800 . The tactile outputs and audio outputs shown in  FIGS. 5A-5L  are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in  FIGS. 6A-6F, 7A-7D, and 8A-8D . 
     For convenience of explanation, some of the embodiments will be discussed with reference to operations performed on a device with a touch-sensitive display system  112 . In such embodiments, the focus selector is, optionally: a respective finger or stylus contact, a representative point corresponding to a finger or stylus contact (e.g., a centroid of a respective contact or a point associated with a respective contact), or a centroid of two or more contacts detected on the touch-sensitive display system  112 . However, analogous operations are, optionally, performed on a device with a display  450  and a separate touch-sensitive surface  451  in response to detecting the contacts on the touch-sensitive surface  451  while displaying the user interfaces shown in the figures on the display  450 , along with a focus selector. 
       FIG. 5A  illustrates a first tactile output  502  on a first tactile channel (tactile channel  1 ) and a second tactile output  504  on a second tactile channel, and a combined tactile output  510  (sometimes herein called “combined tactile outputs”) resulting from combining the first and second tactile outputs. First tactile output  502  corresponds to a first request to generate a tactile output, or a first input (e.g., an input corresponding to a user interface element displayed on the display of an electronic device), or first triggering condition (e.g., a triggering condition for a first set of one or more tactile outputs with a first priority), represented by indicator  501 . Similarly, second tactile output  504  corresponds to a second request to generate a tactile output, or second input (e.g., an input corresponding to the one or more hardware elements of an electronic device), or second triggering condition (e.g., a triggering condition for a second set of one or more tactile outputs with a second priority), represented by indicator  503 . Optionally, additional tactile outputs (not shown in  FIG. 5A , but see  FIG. 5C ) in additional tactile channels are combined with the first and second tactile outputs  502 ,  504 , to produce combined tactile output  510 . 
     In some embodiments, or in some circumstances, combining two or more tactile outputs is accomplished by mixing the two or more tactile outputs, optionally with additional processing performed to condition one or more portions of one or more of the tactile outputs and/or to condition one or more portions of the combined tactile output  510 . However, in the example in  FIG. 5A , no such additional processing has been performed. For example, in the example in  FIG. 5A , no additional processing is needed because the number of tactile outputs to be combined does not exceed a predefined limit, and because the amplitude of the combined tactile output does not exceed a predefined amplitude limit. 
     Optionally, at the same time, or during an overlapping time, as the tactile outputs  502  and  504  are generated and combined, one or more audio output signals are generated and combined. In the example shown in  FIG. 5A , a first audio output  512  corresponds to the first request, first input or first triggering condition represented by indicator  501 , and a second audio output  514  corresponds to the second request, second input or second first triggering condition represented by indicator  503 . In other words, the same requests, inputs or triggering conditions  501  and  503  that corresponding to tactile outputs  502  and  504 , respectively, also correspond to audio outputs  512  and  514 , respectively. As shown, the first and second audio outputs  512  and  514  are combined to produce combined audio output  520  that is played (e.g., to produce an audible signal) during a time period that is the same as, or overlaps with, the time period during which combined tactile output are output, for example, using one or more tactile output generators. 
     In some embodiments, one or more of the tactile outputs  502 ,  504  are part of synchronized tactile and audio outputs such as one or more of  502 / 512 , and  504 / 514 , that include both an audio output and a corresponding tactile output that are synchronized to occur with a particular temporal alignment. 
     To simply the description of  FIGS. 5B-5L , the descriptions provided above regarding the correspondence between request, inputs or triggering conditions, such as those indicated by indicators  501  and  503 , and tactile outputs, such as tactile outputs  502  and  504 , and optionally audio outputs, such as audio outputs  512  and  514 , will not be repeated. Similarly, the fact that a respective combined tactile output  510  is output using one or more tactile output generators, and that a respective combined audio output  520  is played to produce an audible signal, will not be repeated unless further comment or explanation is provided. 
       FIG. 5B  is similar to  FIG. 5A , except that in the example shown in  FIG. 5B , in addition to the first and second tactile outputs  502 ,  504 , a third tactile output  506  corresponds to a third request to generate a tactile output, third input (e.g., an input corresponding to a user interface element displayed on the display of an electronic device), or third triggering condition (e.g., a triggering condition for a third set of one or more tactile outputs with a third priority), represented by indicator  505 . 
     In this example, the number of tactile outputs exceeds the threshold number of tactile outputs that are permitted to be mixed together for concurrent output via the one or more tactile output generators. As a result, a subset of the tactile outputs is combined or mixed together, excluding at least one of the tactile outputs, to produce combined tactile output  510 . Without limitation, examples of the threshold number of tactile outputs that are permitted to be mixed together for concurrent output via the one or more tactile output generators are two, three and four. 
     Similarly, in some embodiments, the number of audio outputs can exceed a threshold number of audio outputs that are permitted to be combined together for concurrent output via one or more speakers. As a result, a subset of the audio outputs are combined, or mixed together, excluding at least one of the audio outputs, to produce the combined audio output  520 . Without limitation, examples of the threshold number of audio outputs that are permitted to be mixed together for concurrent output via the one or more tactile output generators are two, three, four, five, six, seven and eight. In some embodiments, or in some situations, audio outputs are combined, without exclusion of any of the plurality of audio outputs that have been requested or triggered, while tactile outputs are combined with exclusion of one or more of the plurality of tactile outputs that have been requested or triggered. 
     In some embodiments, one or more of the tactile outputs  502 ,  504 ,  506  are part of synchronized tactile and audio outputs such as one or more of  502 / 512 ,  504 / 514 , and  506 / 516 , that include both an audio output and a corresponding tactile output that are synchronized to occur with a particular temporal alignment. 
       FIG. 5C  is similar to  FIG. 5B , except that in the example shown in  FIG. 5C , third tactile output  506 A and corresponding third request, third input or third triggering condition indicated by indicator  505 A occurs later than the corresponding items in  FIG. 5B , so that third tactile output  506 A only partially overlaps with first tactile output  502 . In this example, third tactile output  506  does not overlap with a first portion  521  of first tactile output  502 . Further, in this example, first portion  521  of first tactile output  502  is output, as part of a first portion  531  of combined tactile output  510 A. 
     In this example, third tactile output  506  overlaps with a second, later portion  522  of first tactile output  502 . If the combination of third tactile output  506  with the first and second tactile outputs  502 ,  504 , does not exceed the threshold number of tactile outputs that is permitted to be mixed together for concurrent output via the one or more tactile output generators, third tactile output  506  is mixed with the first and second tactile outputs  502 ,  504  to generate the second portion  532  of combined tactile output  510 A, without excluding the second portion of first tactile output  502 . On the other hand, if the combination of third tactile output  506  with the first and second tactile outputs  502 ,  504 , exceeds the threshold number of tactile outputs that is permitted to be mixed together for concurrent output via the one or more tactile output generators, third tactile output  506  is mixed with the first and second tactile outputs  502 ,  504 , but the second portion of first tactile output  502  is excluded while generating the second portion  532  of the combined tactile output  510 A. 
     In this example, third audio output  516 A partially overlaps with first and second audio outputs  512  and  514 . As noted above, in some embodiments, as in this example, first audio output  512  is synchronized with first tactile output  502  and is triggered by a same condition that triggered first tactile output  502 . Furthermore, in some embodiments, a combined audio output  520 A is generated by combining the first, second and third audio outputs  512 ,  514  and  516 , without regard to whether or not the second portion  522  of first tactile output  502  is excluded from the combined tactile output  510 . 
       FIG. 5D  illustrates an example in which first and second tactile outputs  502  and  504  and corresponding first and second audio outputs  512  and  514  are the same as shown in  FIGS. 5A, 5B and 5C , but in this example, the additional (third) tactile output  506 B does not overlap with first and second tactile outputs  502  and  504 , and the additional (third) audio output  516 B does not overlap with first and second audio outputs  512  and  514 . Additional/third tactile output  506 B and third audio output  516 B correspond to additional/third request or input or triggering condition indicated by indicator  505 B. 
     In the example shown in  FIG. 5D , since additional/third tactile output  506 B does not overlap with first and second tactile outputs  502  and  504 , the number of overlapping or concurrent tactile outputs does not exceed the threshold number of tactile outputs that is permitted to be mixed together for concurrent output via the one or more tactile output generators. As a result, as shown in  FIG. 5D , the combined tactile output  510 B is produced by mixing the additional/third tactile output with the plurality (e.g., first and second) of earlier tactile outputs  502 ,  504 , without excluding or reducing the scale of any of the tactile outputs being mixed. 
       FIG. 5E  illustrates a first tactile output  502  on a first tactile channel (tactile channel  1 ) and a second tactile output  504  on a second tactile channel, which are mixed to produce a combined tactile output  510 C. In  FIG. 5E , combined tactile output  510 C is represented by a dashed line, while a modified version  510 C-RS, the generation of which is described in more detail below, is represented by a solid line. Combined tactile output  510 C includes a first portion P 1  and a second portion P 2 . In this example, look ahead amplitude limiting is applied to combined tactile output  510 C to ensure that the resulting combined tactile output  510 C-RS (sometimes herein called combined tactile outputs) meets output limiting criteria for the one or more tactile output generators. More specifically, in accordance with a determination that the second portion P 2  of the combined tactile output  510 C (e.g., an amplitude of the second portion of the combined tactile output  510 C) meets output limiting criteria for the one or more tactile output generators (e.g., by exceeding output limits for the one or more tactile output generators), a scale of the combined tactile output  510 C is reduced during at least the first portion P 1  of the combined tactile output  510 C immediately preceding the second portion P 2  of the combined tactile output  510 C. 
     It is noted that the output limiting criteria for the one or more tactile output generators may correspond to physical limitations of the one or more tactile output generators. In some embodiments, ensuring compliance with the output limiting criteria for the one or more tactile output generators prevents damage to the one or more tactile output generators when the outputting of tactile output signals. Optionally, such damage includes accelerated wearing of the one or more tactile output generators, which would reduce the functional lifetime of the one or more tactile output generators. 
     In some embodiments, after reducing the scale of the combined tactile output during the first portion P 1 , the device continues to output, via the one or more tactile output generators, the combined tactile output  510 C-RS with the reduced scale during the second portion P 2 . As a result, the amplitude of reduced second portion satisfies a predefined limit. 
     Furthermore, in some embodiments, as indicated in  FIG. 5E , the reduced scale of combined tactile output  510 C may vary. For example, in the first portion P 1  of combined tactile output  510 , the scale of combined tactile output  510 C-RS may be smoothly reduced from an initial scale (e.g.,  1 . 0 ) to a respective reduced scale (e.g.,  0 . 6 ) such that the respective reduced scale is sufficient to ensure that the second portion of combined tactile output  510 C-RS meets the output limiting criteria for the one or more tactile output generators. Then, in the second portion P 2  of combined tactile output  510 C-RS, the scale of combined tactile output  510 C-RS is maintained at the respective reduced scale attained at the end of the first portion P 1 . 
     The resulting combined tactile output is a modified combined tactile output  510 C-RS. It is noted that, at any instant in time while the scale of combined tactile output  510 C-RS is being reduced, the amplitude of combined tactile output  510 C-RS may be increasing or decreasing. This may be represented mathematically as:
 
output RS ( t )=scale( t )*output( t )
 
where output RS (t) is the resulting combined tactile output  510 C-RS, and both the reduced scale, scale(t), and the combined tactile output  510 C, output(t), can dynamically change over time. A tactile output sequence based on the modified combined tactile output  510 -RS, including the first portion of the combined tactile output  510 C-RS with reduced scale is output via the one or more tactile generators.
 
     In the example shown in  FIG. 5E , the processing of audio outputs  512  and  514 , to produced combined audio output  520 , is the same as in the example shown in  FIG. 5A . In other words, while portions of combined tactile output  510 C are reduced in scale to meet output limiting criteria for the one or more tactile output generators, audio outputs  512 ,  514  are combined without reduction in this example. From another viewpoint, or alternatively, while portions of combined tactile output  510 C are reduced in scale to meet output limiting criteria for the one or more tactile output generators, audio outputs  512 ,  514  are combined independently of how tactile outputs  502 ,  504  are combined. 
       FIG. 5F  illustrates an example in which at least a portion of a combined tactile output  510 D, produced by mixing a plurality of tactile outputs such as tactile outputs  502  and  504 , is low pass filtered so as to remove or reduce frequency components, if any, of the combined tactile output that are above a predefined cutoff frequency. Combined tactile output  510 D is shown with a solid line in  FIG. 5F , while the low pass filtered combined tactile output  510 D-LP is shown with a dashed line. 
     In some embodiments, the entire combined tactile output  510 D is low pass filtered, to ensure that the combined tactile output sent to the one or more tactile output generators does not include frequency components above the predefined cutoff frequency. In some other embodiments, portions of combined tactile output  510 D produced by mixing two or more tactile outputs are low pass filtered, while at least some other portions, corresponding to tactile outputs or portions of tactile outputs not combined with other tactile outputs, are not low pass filtered. 
     In some embodiments, the low pass filter that is applied to combined tactile output  510 D has a cutoff frequency that is set based on physical constraints on hardware of the device (e.g., for a device with a smaller tactile output generator that is capable of achieving higher frequencies, the low pass filter optionally has a higher cutoff frequency, while for a device with a larger tactile output generator that is not capable of achieving higher frequencies, the low pass filter optionally has a lower cutoff frequency). By setting the cutoff frequency of the low pass filter based on the capabilities of the device, applications, operating system modules, or UI elements or other elements of such applications and modules, can request the generation of tactile outputs without regard to the physical constraints of the hardware of the device, and the low pass filter will ensure that the tactile output generator of the device does not receive instructions to generate tactile outputs that it is not capable of generating, or is not capable of generating reliably or effectively. 
       FIG. 5G  illustrates an example in which a first tactile output  502  and a second tactile output  504 E are mixed to produce a combined tactile output  510 E, shown with a dashed line in  FIG. 5G . A modified version of the combined tactile output  510 E-RS, the generation of which is described in more detail below, is represented by a solid line. Combined tactile output  510 E includes first through fifth successive portions P 1 , P 2 , P 3 , P 4  and P 5 , as shown in  FIG. 5G . In this example, look ahead amplitude limiting is applied to combined tactile outputs  510 E to ensure that the resulting combined tactile outputs  510 E-RS meets output limiting criteria for the one or more tactile output generators. More specifically, in accordance with a determination that the third portion P 3  of the combined tactile output  510 E (e.g., an amplitude of the portion P 3  of the combined tactile output  510 E) meets output limiting criteria for the one or more tactile output generators (e.g., by exceeding output limits for the one or more tactile output generators), a scale of the combined tactile output  510 E is reduced during at least the second portion P 2  of the combined tactile output  510 E immediately preceding the third portion P 3  of the combined tactile output  510 E. 
     In some embodiments, after reducing the scale of the combined tactile output during the second portion P 2 , the device continues to output, via the one or more tactile output generators, the combined tactile output with the reduced scale during the third portion P 3 . As a result, the amplitude of the third portion P 3  satisfies a predefined limit. In addition, after reducing the scale of the second portion P 2  and third portion P 3 , the electronic device gradually increases the scale of the combined tactile output  510 E-RS during at least a fourth portion P 4  of the combined tactile output that follows the third portion P 3 , as shown in  FIG. 5G . 
     In this example, the first and fifth portions P 1  and P 5  of combined tactile output  510 E are not reduced in scale. Further, in some discussions of this example, portions P 1  and P 5  can be ignored, and as a result, portions P 2 , P 3  and P 4  are sometimes called the first, second and third portions of the combined tactile output, respectively. 
     In the example shown in  FIG. 5G , the processing of audio outputs  512  and  514 E, to produce combined audio output  520 E, is the same as in the example shown in  FIG. 5A . In other words, while portions of combined tactile output  510 E are reduced in scale to meet output limiting criteria for the one or more tactile output generators, audio outputs  512 ,  514 E are combined without reduction. Alternatively, while portions of combined tactile output  510 G are reduced in scale to meet output limiting criteria for the one or more tactile output generators, audio outputs  512 ,  514 E are combined independently of how tactile outputs  502 ,  504 E are combined. 
       FIG. 5H  illustrates an example in which a first tactile output  502  and a second tactile output  504 F, which does not overlap with first tactile output  502 , are mixed to produce a combined tactile output  510 F. Similarly, first and second audio outputs  512  and  514 F, which do not overlap, are combined to produce a combined audio output  520 F.  FIGS. 5J and 5L , discussed in more detail below, show examples in which overlapping tactile outputs are mixed to produce combined tactile outputs  510 H and  510 K. 
       FIG. 5I  illustrates an example in which a first tactile output  502  and a second tactile output  504 G, which overlaps with first tactile output  502 , are mixed to produce a combined tactile output  510 G, also herein called a modified tactile output sequence, in which one of the tactile outputs  502  or  504 G (e.g., tactile output  504 G) is emphasized relative to the other one of the tactile outputs (e.g., tactile output  502 ). In addition, in this example, first and second audio outputs  512  and  514 F, which overlap, are combined to produce a combined audio output  520 G. 
     In this example, first tactile output  502  is produced in response to detecting a first triggering condition, indicated by indicator  501 , and first tactile output has a first priority. Similarly, second tactile output  504 G is produced in response to detecting a second triggering condition, indicated by indicator  503 G, and second tactile output  504 G has a second priority. 
     In accordance with a determination that the second priority is higher than the first priority, a scale of at least a portion (e.g., portion P 3 , or P 2 -P 4 ) of first tactile output  502  that overlaps with second tactile output  504 G is reduced (e.g., relative to a scale of another one of the tactile outputs, such as the tactile output  504 G with the second priority). Optionally, the scale of adjacent portions, such as portions P 1 -P 2  and P 4 -P 5 , of the first tactile output are also reduced, for example by smoothly reducing the scale in a first such portion P 1  from an initial scale (e.g., the scale used prior to portion P 1 ) to the reduced scale used in portions P 2 -P 4 , and then smoothly increasing the scale in a last such portion P 5 , from the reduced scale back to the initial scale. In the example shown in Figure SI, the reduced scale used in portions P 2 -P 4  is zero, meaning that the first tactile output  502  is replaced with tactile silence for purposes of combining tactile outputs  502  and  504 G in portions P 2 -P 4 , but in other examples the reduced scale may be higher than zero, but less than the initial scale. The combined tactile output  510 G is generated by combining at least the first tactile output  502 , including any portion thereof with reduced scale, and the second tactile output  504 G, including any portion thereof with reduced scale (although, in this example, second tactile output  504 G does not have any portion with reduced scale). 
       FIG. 5J  illustrates an example in which a first tactile output  502  and a second tactile output  504 G, which overlaps with first tactile output  502 , are mixed to produce a combined tactile output  510 H, also herein called a modified tactile output sequence, in which one of the tactile outputs  502  or  504 G (e.g., tactile output  502 ) is emphasized relative to the other one of the tactile outputs (e.g., tactile output  504 G). First and second audio outputs  512  and  514 F, which overlap, are combined to produce a combined audio output  520 H. In this  FIG. 5J , an unscaled combination  510 H-C of first and second tactile outputs  502  and  504 G is shown with a dashed line, while the scaled combination  510 H is shown with a solid line. 
     In this example, first tactile output  502  is produced in response to detecting a first triggering condition, indicated by indicator  501 , and first tactile output has a first priority. Similarly, second tactile output  504 G is produced in response to detecting a second triggering condition, indicated by indicator  503 G, and second tactile output  504 G has a second priority. 
     In accordance with a determination that the first priority is higher than the second priority, a scale of at least a portion (e.g., portion P 3 , or P 2 -P 4 ) of second tactile output  504 G that overlaps with first tactile output  502  is reduced (e.g., relative to a scale of another one of the tactile outputs, such as the tactile output  502  with the first priority). Optionally, the scale of adjacent portions, if any, such as portions P 1  and P 5  (if such portions existed), of the second tactile output are also reduced, for example by smoothly reducing the scale in a first such portion P 1  (if any) from an initial scale (e.g., the scale used prior to portion P 1 ) to the reduced scale used in portions P 2 -P 4 , and then smoothly increasing the scale in a last such portion P 5  (if any), from the reduced scale back to the initial scale. The combined tactile output  510 H is generated by combining at least the first tactile output  502 , including any portion thereof with reduced scale (although, in this example, first tactile output  502  does not have any portion with reduced scale), and the second tactile output  504 G, including any portion thereof with reduced scale. 
       FIG. 5K  illustrates an example, relevant to the example shown in either  FIG. 5I or 5J , in which the duration of a second portion P 2  of the combined tactile output  510 G ( FIG. 5I ) or  510 H ( FIG. 5J ), is selected based on a magnitude (e.g., amplitude) of the first portion P 1  of the combined tactile output, sometimes herein called the modified tactile output sequence. Making the duration of the second portion P 2  adjustable, based on the magnitude of the immediately prior portion of the modified tactile output sequence, helps ensure that the user is able to detect the following portion (P 3 ) of the modified tactile output sequence as a distinct tactile output or distinct event. In the top half of  FIG. 5K , first tactile output  502 J (Low), which is combined with second tactile output  504 G to produce combined tactile output  510 J (Low), has a low magnitude, while in the lower half of  FIG. 5K , first tactile output  502 J (High), which is combined with second tactile output  504 G to produce combined tactile output  510 J (High), has a high magnitude. 
     As shown in the examples in  FIG. 5K , if the first portion P 1  the combined tactile output  510 J (Low) or  510 J (High) has a low magnitude (see top half of  FIG. 5K ), the duration of the second portion P 2  of the combined tactile output  510 J (Low), also herein called the modified tactile output sequence, is relatively short (e.g., the duration is set to a predefined minimum duration, such as 5 milliseconds (5 ms)). On the other hand, if the first portion P 1  has a high magnitude, as shown in a bottom half of  FIG. 5K , the duration of the second portion P 2  of the combined tactile output  510 J (High) is relatively long (e.g., 7 to 8 ms, which is longer than the predefined minimum duration). 
     In some embodiments, the first portion of a tactile output has a low magnitude if the magnitude of the tactile output is less than a first threshold, and the first portion of a tactile output has a high magnitude if the magnitude of the tactile output is greater than the first threshold. In some embodiments, other predefined criteria are used to categorize the magnitude of the first portion of the tactile output. In some embodiments, a mapping function or scaling function (e.g., a continuous, linear function, or a stepwise monotonic function) is used to map the magnitude of the first portion of the tactile output to a duration, or scaling factor for the duration, of second portion of the tactile output. 
     Optionally, in some embodiments, the modified tactile output sequence has a first portion (e.g., portion P 1  of combined tactile outputs  510 J (High),  FIG. 5K ) during which the first set of tactile outputs (e.g., tactile output  502 ) is output using an output level that is gradually decreased from a first output level to a second output level, and a fourth portion (e.g., portion P 4  of combined tactile outputs  510 J (High),  FIG. 5K ) during which the first set of tactile outputs (e.g., tactile output  502 ) is output using an output level that is gradually increased from a third output level (e.g., the same as the second output level) to a fourth output level (e.g., the same as the first output level), wherein the fourth portion (e.g., P 4 ,  FIG. 5K ) is subsequent to the third portion (e.g., P 3 ,  FIG. 5K ). In some embodiments (see combined tactile output  510 J (Low) in top half of  FIG. 5K ), the third portion is followed immediately by a fourth portion of tactile silence, which in turn is followed immediately by a fifth portion during which the first set of tactile outputs (e.g., tactile output  502 ) is output using an output level that is gradually increased from a third output level (e.g., the same as the second output level) to a fourth output level (e.g., the same as the first output level). 
       FIG. 5L  illustrates an example in which a third triggering condition, indicated by indicator  505 K, for a third tactile output  506 K, is detected. The third tactile output  506 K has a third priority that is higher than the second priority (of second tactile output  504 ) and the first priority (of first tactile output  502 ). For example, the third trigger condition and third tactile output correspond to one or more hardware elements, such as home button  204  (shown in  FIGS. 4A and 4C ) or other physical button or simulated physical button. 
     In response to detecting the third triggering condition  505 K, and in accordance with a determination that the third tactile output  506 K is scheduled to at least partially overlap with the first tactile output  502  and the second tactile output  504 , the electronic device reduces a scale of at least a portion of the first tactile output  502  that overlaps with the third tactile output  506 K, and also reduces a scale of at least a portion of the second tactile output  504  that overlaps with the third tactile output  506 K. In the example shown in  FIG. 5L , the three tactile outputs  502 ,  504  and  506 K overlap during a time period corresponding to portion P 3  of combined tactile output  510 K, and the scale of the first and second tactile outputs is reduced to zero during that time period. As a result, the combined tactile output  510 K includes only the third tactile output  506 K during portion P 3 . In this example, during portions P 1  and P 5  of combined tactile output  510 K, the first and second tactile outputs  502  and  504  are mixed, at full scale (without reduced scale), resulting in a combined tactile output with relatively high magnitude during portions P 1  and P 5 . 
     In addition, in the example shown in  FIG. 5L , during portions P 2  and P 4  of the combined tactile output  506 K immediately before and after portion P 3  of combined tactile output  506 K, the magnitude of combined tactile output  506 K is set to zero or the scale of combined tactile output  506 K is substantially reduced (e.g., by more than 50%), thereby making portion P 3  of combined tactile output  506 K more easily observed as a separate tactile output by a user of the electronic device. 
     In the example shown in  FIG. 5L , first, second and third audio signals  512 ,  514  and  516 K are synchronized with the first, second and third tactile outputs  502 ,  504  and  506 K, respectively. In this example, audio signals  512 ,  514  and  516 K are combined, without scaling, to produce combined audio output  520 K. As shown, a middle portion of combined audio output  520 K, corresponding to the portion in which all three audio signals  512 ,  514  and  516 K overlap, has a larger magnitude than the portions immediately preceding and following the middle portion, as those portions have fewer overlapping audio signals (two overlapping audio signals, instead of three). However, it is noted that due to destructive interference and varying tactile output amplitude, the overlap of a larger number of waveforms doesn&#39;t necessarily result in a larger amplitude for the combined tactile outputs. 
       FIGS. 6A-6F  are flow diagrams illustrating a method  600  of combining tactile outputs corresponding to triggering conditions or inputs from multiple sources, and applying limits to the number of tactile outputs combined, or to the magnitude and/or frequency components of the combined tactile outputs, in accordance with some embodiments. Corresponding examples of tactile outputs, combined tactile outputs, and audio outputs are shown in  FIGS. 5A-5J . The method  600  is performed at an electronic device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG. 3 , or portable multifunction device  100 ,  FIG. 1A ) with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and a set of one or more tactile output generators. In some embodiments, the display is a touch-screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on or integrated with the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method  600  are, optionally, combined and/or the order of some operations is, optionally, changed. 
     As described below, method  600  provides improved tactile feedback, and in some cases synchronized tactile and audio feedback, by applying limits to the number tactile outputs that are combined, and/or to the magnitude and/or frequency components of combined tactile outputs, produced by mixing or otherwise combining a plurality of tactile outputs and output using one or more tactile output generators, in accordance with limiting criteria of the one or more tactile output generators. Method  600  enables multiple applications to provide tactile outputs, without the applications having to take into account limits on the number of tactile outputs that can be combined, or limits on the amplitude or magnitude or frequency components of the combined tactile outputs, while ensuring that higher priority tactile outputs are output, or emphasized relative to lower priority tactile outputs. The method reduces the number, extent, and/or nature of the inputs from a user when interacting with the device or applications running on the device, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. From the perspective of the user of the device, method  600  enables the user to receive multiple tactile outputs, with prioritization to ensure that higher priority tactile outputs are not excluded, or are emphasized relative to lower priority tactile outputs, and enables the user to make inputs with more confidence, faster and more efficiently, thereby resulting in fewer incorrect inputs by the user, which enhances the operability of the device. For battery-operated electronic devices, this conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     It is noted that tactile feedback also provides valuable information to the user for touch screen user interfaces where the user&#39;s finger is obscuring corresponding visual feedback. 
     The device receives ( 602 ) a plurality of requests to generate a plurality of tactile outputs using the device&#39;s one or more tactile output generators. The plurality of tactile outputs includes two or more overlapping tactile outputs. For example, as shown in  FIGS. 5A and 5B , first and second requests, corresponding to indicators  501  and  503 , respectively, are received from first and second applications, or from an application and from the device&#39;s operating system. A first tactile output  502 , corresponding to the first request and a second tactile output  504 , corresponding to the second request, at least partially overlap. 
     Method  600  includes, in response to receiving the plurality of requests, generating and outputting ( 604 ), via the one or more tactile output generators, combined tactile outputs, for example combined tactile outputs  510  shown in  FIGS. 5A and 5B . Other examples of combined tactile outputs are shown in  FIGS. 5C-5L . How the combined tactile outputs are generated depends, at least in part, on whether the plurality of tactile outputs exceeds a threshold number of tactile outputs that is permitted to be mixed together for concurrent output via the one or more tactile output generators, and thus the device determines ( 606 ) whether the plurality of tactile outputs exceeds a threshold number of tactile outputs that is permitted to be mixed together for concurrent output via the one or more tactile output generators. 
     In accordance with a determination that the plurality of tactile outputs does not exceed a threshold number of tactile outputs that is permitted to be mixed together for concurrent output via the one or more tactile output generators ( 606 -No), the generating and outputting ( 604 ) includes mixing ( 606 ) the plurality of tactile outputs together into a first combined tactile output, including the first combined tactile output in the combined tactile outputs (e.g., combined tactile outputs  510 ,  FIG. 5A ), and outputting ( 608 ), via the one or more tactile output generators, the combined tactile outputs, including the first combined tactile output. For example,  FIG. 5A  shows a plurality of tactile outputs (e.g., two tactile outputs  502 ,  504 ) that does not exceed a threshold number (e.g., two) of tactile outputs that is permitted to be mixed together for concurrent output via the one or more tactile output generators. In this example, the plurality of tactile outputs is mixed together into a first combined tactile output that is included in combined tactile outputs  510 . 
     In accordance with a determination that the plurality of tactile outputs exceeds the threshold number of tactile outputs that is permitted to be mixed together for concurrent output via the one or more tactile output generators ( 606 -Yes), the generating and outputting includes mixing ( 612 ) a subset of the plurality of tactile outputs together into a second combined tactile output that excludes at least one of the plurality of tactile outputs, including the second combined tactile output in the combined tactile outputs, and outputting ( 614 ), via the one or more tactile output generators, the combined tactile outputs, including the second combined tactile output. By mixing tactile outputs in this way, and preventing an excess number of overlapping tactile outputs from being mixed into combined tactile outputs, improved tactile feedback is provided to the user, enhancing the operability of the device. An example of mixing tactile outputs in the manner just described is provided in  FIG. 5B , which shows a plurality of tactile outputs (e.g., three tactile outputs  502 ,  504 ,  506 ) exceeds a threshold number (e.g., two) of tactile outputs that is permitted to be mixed together for concurrent output via the one or more tactile output generators. In this example, when the plurality of tactile outputs are mixed together into a second combined tactile output that is included in combined tactile outputs  510 , the third tactile output  506  is excluded and thus not included in combined tactile outputs  510 . 
     In some embodiments, one or more of the tactile outputs of the plurality of tactile outputs are part of synchronized tactile and audio outputs that include both an audio output and a corresponding tactile output that are synchronized to occur with a particular temporal alignment ( 620 ). For example, in  FIG. 5A , audio output  512  is synchronized with tactile output  502 , and audio output  514  is synchronized with tactile output  504 . Providing synchronized tactile and audio outputs, while preventing an excess 
     In some embodiments, the plurality of tactile outputs includes ( 622 ) a tactile output (e.g., tactile output  502 ,  FIG. 5A ) generated in response to a user input directed toward a control element in a displayed user interface (e.g., user input  407  on application icon  424 ,  FIG. 4A ). In some embodiments, different control elements are assigned to different tactile output channels (e.g., see tactile channels  1 ,  2  and  3  in  FIGS. 5A and 5B ), such that a first control element requests the generation of tactile outputs via a first tactile output channel that is assigned to the first control element (e.g., a user input on the first control element causes a corresponding application or operating system module to generate a first request for a first tactile output) and a second control element requests the generation of tactile outputs via a second tactile output channel that is assigned to the second control element and is different from the first tactile output channel (e.g., a user input on the second control element causes another application or operating system module to generate a second request for a second tactile output using a different tactile output channel than the tactile output channel used for the first request). 
     In some embodiments, the plurality of tactile outputs includes ( 624 ) a tactile output generated in response to a user input directed toward a hardware control. Examples of hardware controls include a touch or intensity-sensitive control, a mechanical input device such as a mechanical switch or dial, and a solid state home button. Further discussion regarding producing tactile outputs in response to input on, or directed toward, a hardware control is provided herein with reference to method  700  and  FIGS. 7A-7D . 
     In some embodiments, the plurality of tactile outputs includes ( 626 ) a tactile output generated in response to the occurrence of a predefined condition (e.g., an incoming phone call, incoming text message, a scheduled alarm, or other alert received from a source external to the device or from a source, such as application or operating system module, internal to the device). 
     In some embodiments, receiving the plurality of requests includes ( 628 ): receiving a first set of one or more inputs corresponding to user interface elements displayed on the display and receiving a second set of one or more inputs corresponding to one or more hardware elements. The first set of one or more inputs corresponds to a first set of one or more tactile outputs and the second set of one or more inputs corresponds to the second set of one or more tactile outputs. Furthermore, the plurality of tactile outputs includes the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the second set of one or more tactile outputs. For example, in  FIG. 5A , one of the inputs, represented by indicator  501 , optionally corresponds to user interface elements displayed on the display, and another of the inputs, represented by indicator  503 , corresponds to one or more hardware elements. Producing tactile outputs in response to input on, or directed toward, a hardware control is further discussed herein with reference to method  700  and  FIGS. 7A-7D . 
     In some embodiments, receiving the plurality of requests includes ( 630 ) detecting a triggering condition for a first set of one or more tactile outputs with a first priority and detecting a triggering condition for a second set of one or more tactile outputs with a second priority. For example, the triggering condition for the first set of one or more tactile outputs with a first priority may be a touch input, on a user interface element (e.g., application icon  424 ,  FIG. 4A ) displayed on touch-sensitive display, which satisfies a first intensity threshold, and the triggering condition for a second set of one or more tactile outputs with a second priority may be a touch input, on a hardware element (e.g., home button  204 ,  FIG. 4A ), which satisfies a second intensity threshold, distinct from the first intensity threshold. 
     Furthermore, in some such embodiments, generating combined tactile outputs includes ( 632 ), in response to detecting the triggering condition for the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the triggering condition for the second set of one or more tactile outputs and in accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more tactile outputs are scheduled to at least partially overlap with the second set of one or more tactile outputs: in accordance with a determination that the first priority is higher than the second priority (e.g., as in the example shown in  FIG. 5J , discussed above), reducing a scale of at least a portion of the second set of one or more tactile outputs that overlaps with the first set of one or more tactile outputs (e.g., relative to a scale of the first set of one or more tactile outputs); and in accordance with a determination that the second priority is higher than the first priority (e.g., as in the example shown in  FIG. 5I , discussed above), reducing a scale of at least a portion of the first set of one or more tactile outputs that overlaps with the second set of one or more tactile outputs (e.g., relative to a scale of the second set of one or more tactile outputs). In this way, by reducing the scale of at least a portion of the one or more tactile outputs with lower priority while mixing the tactile outputs to generate combined tactile outputs, method  600  provides improved tactile feedback to the user of the electronic device, which enhances the operability of the device. In such embodiments, method  600  includes generating the combined tactile outputs by combining at least the first set of one or more tactile outputs, including any portion thereof with reduced scale, and the second set of one or more tactile outputs, including any portion thereof with reduced scale.  FIGS. 5I and 5J , as discussed above, show examples of combining tactile outputs with different priorities. Combining tactile outputs with different priorities is further discussed herein with reference to method  800  and  FIG. 8A-8D . 
     In some embodiments, mixing the plurality of tactile outputs into a combined tactile output includes ( 634 ): in accordance with a determination that the first set of tactile outputs and the second set of one or more tactile outputs do not overlap (e.g., as shown in the example in  FIG. 5H ), including in the combined tactile outputs the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the second set of one or more tactile outputs (e.g., the combined tactile output  510 F,  FIG. 5H , includes the first set of tactile outputs, such as tactile output  502 , and the second set of tactile outputs, such as tactile output  504 F), played in sequence. Further, in accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the second set of one or more tactile outputs overlap (e.g., as shown in the example in  FIG. 5I ), including in the combined tactile outputs a modified tactile output sequence that is modified so as to emphasize the second set of one or more tactile outputs relative to the first set of one or more tactile outputs (e.g., the modified tactile output sequence  510 G,  FIG. 5I , emphasizes second tactile output  504 G relative to first tactile output  502 ). Producing a modified tactile output sequence is further discussed herein with reference to method  700  and  FIGS. 7A-7D . 
     In some embodiments, a respective combined tactile output of the first combined tactile output (see discussion above regarding mix operations  608 ) and the second combined tactile output (see discussion above regarding mix operations  612 ) includes ( 636 ) a first portion and a second portion (e.g., see first portion P 1  and second portion P 2  in  FIG. 5E , or portions P 2  and P 3  in  FIG. 5G ). Method  600  further includes, in accordance with a determination that the second portion of the combined tactile outputs (e.g., the amplitude of portion P 2  of combined tactile outputs  510 C,  FIG. 5E , or the amplitude of portion P 3  of combined tactile outputs  510 E,  FIG. 5G ) meet output limiting criteria for the one or more tactile output generators (e.g., by exceeding output limits for the one or more tactile output generators): reducing ( 636 ) a scale of the combined tactile outputs during at least the first portion of the combined tactile output immediately preceding the second portion of the combined tactile outputs; and outputting ( 638 ), via the one or more tactile output generators, a tactile output sequence (e.g., combined tactile outputs  510 C-RS,  FIG. 5E , or combined tactile outputs  510 E-RS,  FIG. 5G ) based on the combined tactile outputs that includes the first portion of the combined tactile output with reduced scale. Optionally, the tactile output sequence that is output ( 638 ), via the one or more tactile output generators, includes the second portion of the combined tactile outputs with reduced scale, as discussed below with reference to operation  640 . Furthermore, it is noted that at any instant in time while the scale of the combined tactile outputs is being reduced, the instantaneous amplitude of the combined tactile outputs may be increasing or decreasing. Further discussion of the application of output limiting criteria for the one or more tactile output generators to tactile outputs is provided above with reference to  FIG. 5E , and also  FIG. 5G . By reducing the scale of at least a portion of the combined tactile outputs so as to comply with output limiting criteria for the one or more tactile output generators, method  600  enables multiple applications, modules, or user interface elements to provide tactile outputs that are combined when they overlap, while still complying with output limiting criteria that correspond to physical limitations or capabilities of the one or more tactile output generators of the device. This, in turn, provides improved tactile feedback to the user of the electronic device, which enhances the operability of the device. 
     In some embodiments, after reducing the scale of the combined tactile outputs during the first portion (see discussion of operation  636 , above), method  600  includes continuing to output ( 640 ), via the one or more tactile output generators, the combined tactile outputs with the reduced scale during the second portion. As result, the amplitude of the scale-reduced second portion satisfies a predefined limit, corresponding to the aforementioned output limiting criteria for the one or more tactile output generators.  FIG. 5E  shows an example in which a reduced scale is applied during a second portion, P 2 , of combined tactile output  510 C, after reducing the scale of the combined tactile outputs during a first portion, P 1 . 
     Optionally, after reducing the scale of the first portion of the combined tactile outputs, method  600  includes applying ( 642 ) a low pass filter to the combined tactile outputs so as to remove or reduce frequency components, if any, of the combined tactile outputs that are above a predefined cutoff frequency. By reducing the scale of at least a portion of the combined tactile outputs so as to comply with output limiting criteria for the one or more tactile output generators, and applying a low pass filter to the combined tactile outputs, method  600  enables multiple applications, modules, or user interface elements to provide tactile outputs that are combined when they overlap, while still complying with output limiting criteria that correspond to physical limitations or capabilities of the one or more tactile output generators of the device. This, in turn, provides improved tactile feedback to the user of the electronic device, which enhances the operability of the device. 
       FIG. 5F  shows an example of applying a low pass filter to combined tactile outputs  510 D, so as to produce low pass filtered combined tactile outputs  510 D-LP. In some embodiments, the low pass filter has a cutoff frequency that is set based on physical constraints on hardware of the device. For example, for a device with a smaller tactile output generator that is capable of achieving higher frequencies, the low pass filter optionally has a higher cutoff frequency, while for a device with a larger tactile output generator that is not capable of achieving higher frequencies, the low pass filter optionally has a lower cutoff frequency. By setting the cutoff frequency of the low pass filter based on the capabilities of the device, applications, operating system modules, or UI elements or other elements of such applications and modules, can request the generation of tactile outputs without regard to the physical constraints of the hardware of the device, and the low pass filter will ensure that the one or more tactile output generators of the device do not receive instructions to generate tactile outputs that it or they are not capable of generating, or are capable of generating reliably and effectively. 
     Further, in some embodiments, after outputting ( 638 ), via the one or more tactile output generators, the second portion of the combined tactile outputs at reduced scale, method  600  includes gradually increasing ( 643 ) the scale of the combined tactile outputs during at least a third portion of the combined tactile outputs. For example, as shown in  FIG. 5G , after reducing the scale of combined tactile outputs  510 E during portion P 3 , the scale of portion P 4  of combined tactile outputs  510 E is gradually increased. The resulting modified tactile output sequence is labeled  510 E-RS in  FIG. 5G . 
     In some embodiments, method  600  includes, in accordance with a determination that the second portion of the combined tactile outputs does not meet output limiting criteria for the one or more tactile output generators (e.g., that the amplitude of the combined tactile outputs does not exceed a predefined limit), outputting ( 644 ), via the one or more tactile output generators, the tactile output sequence without reducing the scale of the combined tactile outputs during at least the first portion of the combined tactile outputs.  FIGS. 5A, 5C and 5D  show examples in which the amplitude of the combined tactile outputs is not reduced, because the combined tactile outputs do not exceed a predefined limit of the one or more tactile generators (or more generally, because the combined tactile outputs meet the limiting criteria for the one or more tactile output generators). 
     In some embodiments, after receiving ( 602 ,  FIG. 6A ) the plurality of requests to output the plurality of tactile outputs, method  600  includes receiving  650  ( FIG. 6E ) a request to output an additional tactile output (e.g., third tactile output  506 A,  FIG. 5C ) that at least partially overlaps with a respective tactile output (e.g., first tactile output  502 ,  FIG. 5C ) in the plurality of tactile outputs (e.g., tactile outputs  502  and  504 ,  FIG. 5C ). For example, the oldest tactile output in the plurality of tactile outputs partially overlaps with the additional tactile output. An example is shown in  FIG. 5C , in which third tactile output  506 A corresponds to the additional tactile output and the respective tactile output corresponds to first tactile output  502 . By allowing an electronic device to receive and process at least three or more requests for tactile outputs, corresponding to tactile outputs scheduled to overlap at least in part, method  600  enables multiple applications, modules, or user interface elements to provide tactile outputs that are combined when they overlap. This, in turn, provides improved tactile feedback to the user of the electronic device, which enhances the operability of the device. In such embodiments, or in such circumstances, a determination is made as to whether a combination of the additional tactile output and the plurality of tactile outputs exceed the threshold number of tactile outputs that is permitted to be mixed together for concurrent output via the one or more tactile output generators ( 654 ). 
     After outputting ( 652 ) a first portion of the respective tactile output, and in response to receiving the request to output the additional tactile output, in accordance with a determination that a combination of the additional tactile output and the plurality of tactile outputs does not exceed the threshold number of tactile outputs that is permitted to be mixed together for concurrent output via the one or more tactile output generators ( 654 -No), method  600  includes mixing ( 656 ) the additional tactile output with the plurality of tactile outputs (e.g., tactile outputs  502  and  504 ), including a second portion of the respective tactile output (e.g., portion  522 ,  FIG. 5C , of first tactile output  502 ), together into a third combined tactile output (e.g., combined tactile output  510 A,  FIG. 5C ), and including the third combined tactile output in the combined tactile outputs (as shown in the example in  FIG. 5C ), and outputting ( 658 ), via the one or more tactile output generators, the combined tactile outputs, including the third combined tactile output. Referring to  FIG. 5C , in this scenario, tactile outputs  502  and  504  are both mixed with the additional/third tactile output  506 A to generate combined tactile outputs  510 A. By allowing an electronic device to mix three or more tactile outputs that are scheduled to overlap at least in part, without excluding any of those tactile outputs when the number of tactile outputs does not exceed the threshold number of tactile outputs that is permitted to be mixed together for concurrent output via the one or more tactile output generators, method  600  enables multiple applications, modules, or user interface elements to provide tactile outputs that are combined when they overlap. This, in turn, provides improved tactile feedback to the user of the electronic device, which enhances the operability of the device. 
     On the other hand, after outputting ( 652 ) a first portion of the respective tactile output, and in response to receiving the request to output the additional tactile output, in accordance with a determination that the combination of the additional tactile output and the plurality of tactile outputs exceeds the threshold number of tactile outputs that is permitted to be mixed together for concurrent output via the one or more tactile output generators ( 654 -Yes), method  600  includes mixing ( 660 ) the additional tactile output with the plurality of tactile outputs, excluding the second portion of the respective tactile output, together into a fourth combined tactile output, and including the fourth combined tactile output in the combined tactile outputs; and outputting ( 662 ), via the one or more tactile output generators, the combined tactile outputs, including the fourth combined tactile output. Referring to  FIG. 5C , in this second scenario, tactile outputs  502  and  504  are mixed with the additional/third tactile output  506 A to generate combined tactile outputs  510 A, but the second portion (portion  522 ) of tactile output  502  is excluded because the combination of the third tactile output  506 A and the plurality of tactile outputs ( 502 ,  504 ) exceeds the threshold number of tactile outputs that is permitted to be mixed together for concurrent output via the one or more tactile output generators ( 654 -Yes). By allowing an electronic device to mix three or more tactile outputs that are scheduled to overlap at least in part, but to exclude one or more of those tactile outputs (e.g., the one or more tactile outputs produced in response to the oldest triggering condition(s)) when the number of tactile outputs exceeds the threshold number of tactile outputs that is permitted to be mixed together for concurrent output via the one or more tactile output generators, method  600  enables multiple applications, modules, or user interface elements to provide tactile outputs that are combined when they overlap. This, in turn, provides improved tactile feedback to the user of the electronic device, which enhances the operability of the device. 
     In some embodiments, when performing mixing operation  660 , discussed above, the second portion of the respective tactile output is selected ( 670 ), from the plurality of tactile outputs, to be excluded from the plurality of tactile outputs based on an age of an input that triggered the respective tactile output. For example, as shown in  FIG. 5C , the second portion  522  of first tactile output  502  is selected based on it being the least recently triggered tactile output, as indicated by its triggering condition, corresponding to indicator  501 , being the oldest of the triggering conditions for the tactile outputs being combined. 
     In some embodiments, method  600  includes playing ( 672 ) an audio output that is synchronized with the respective tactile output and is triggered by a same condition that triggered the respective tactile output (e.g., playing audio output  512 , which is synchronized with tactile output  502 , and triggered by a same condition, indicated by indicator  501 , as shown in  FIG. 5C ); and further includes continuing to play ( 674 ) the audio output that is synchronized with the respective tactile output without regard to whether or not the second portion of the tactile output is excluded from the combined tactile outputs that are output via the one or more tactile output generators. For example, as shown in  FIG. 5C , the audio component  512  of the synchronized tactile/audio output  502 / 512  continues to be played even if tactile component  502  of the synchronized tactile/audio output  502 / 512  is removed from the combined tactile output  510 A. By providing synchronized tactile outputs and audio outputs, while also mixing the tactile outputs to produce combined tactile outputs to be output using one or more tactile output generators, and mixing the audio outputs to produce combine audio outputs, method  600  enables multiple applications, modules, or user interface elements to provide synchronized tactile and audio outputs that are combined when they overlap. This, in turn, provides improved tactile and audio feedback to the user of the electronic device, which enhances the operability of the device. 
     It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in  FIGS. 6A-6F  have been described is merely an example and is not intended to indicate that the described order is the only order in which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to reorder the operations described herein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processes described herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g., methods  700  and  800 ) are also applicable in an analogous manner to method  600  described above with respect to  FIGS. 6A-6F . For example, the application of limits to the number, magnitude and/or frequency components of combined tactile outputs, produced by mixing or otherwise combining a plurality of tactile outputs and output using one or more tactile output generators, in accordance with limiting criteria of the one or more tactile output generators, described above with reference to method  600  optionally has one or more of the characteristics of the prioritization of tactile outputs corresponding to inputs on hardware elements over other tactile outputs described herein with reference to method  700 , or the mixing of tactile outputs in accordance with priorities of those tactile outputs described herein with reference to method  800 . For brevity, these details are not repeated here. 
       FIGS. 7A-7D  are flow diagrams illustrating a method  700  of combining tactile outputs corresponding to triggering conditions or inputs from multiple sources, and prioritizing tactile outputs corresponding to inputs on hardware elements over other tactile outputs. Corresponding examples of tactile outputs, combined tactile outputs, and audio outputs are shown in  FIGS. 5H, 5I and 5K . Method  700  is performed at an electronic device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG. 3 , or portable multifunction device  100 ,  FIG. 1A ) with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and a set of one or more tactile output generators. In some embodiments, the display is a touch-screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on or integrated with the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method  700  are, optionally, combined and/or the order of some operations is, optionally, changed. 
     As described below, method  700  combines tactile outputs corresponding to triggering conditions or inputs from multiple sources, and prioritizes tactile outputs corresponding to inputs on hardware elements over other tactile outputs. Method  700  enables multiple applications to provide tactile outputs, without the applications having to take into account limits on the number of tactile outputs that can be combined, or limits on the amplitude or magnitude or frequency components of the combined tactile outputs, while ensuring that higher priority tactile outputs are output, or emphasized relative to lower priority tactile outputs. The method reduces the number, extent, and/or nature of the inputs from a user when interacting with the device or applications running on the device, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. From the perspective of the user of the device, method  700  enables the user to receive multiple tactile outputs, with prioritization to ensure that higher priority tactile outputs are not excluded, or are emphasized relative to lower priority tactile outputs, and enables the user to make inputs with more confidence, faster and more efficiently, thereby resulting in fewer incorrect inputs by the user, which enhances the operability of the device. For battery-operated electronic devices, this conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     While performing method  700 , the device receives ( 702 ) a first set of one or more inputs (e.g., input  407 ,  FIG. 4A ) corresponding to user interface elements (e.g., application icon  424 ,  FIG. 4A ) displayed on the display (e.g., touch screen  112 ,  FIG. 4A ), wherein the first set of one or more inputs corresponds to a first set of one or more tactile outputs (e.g., tactile output  411 ,  FIG. 4A , or tactile output  502 ,  FIGS. 5H and 5I ). The device also receives a second set of one or more inputs (e.g., input  403 ,  FIG. 4A ) corresponding to the one or more hardware elements (e.g., home button  204 ,  FIG. 4A , which in some embodiments is a simulated physical button), wherein the second set of one or more inputs corresponds to a second set of one or more tactile outputs (e.g., tactile output  409 ,  FIG. 4A , or tactile output  504 F or  504 G,  FIGS. 5H and 5I ). In some embodiments, the second set of one or more inputs corresponds ( 706 ) to a click gesture, or a portion of a click gesture, performed using a respective hardware element (e.g., home button  204 ,  FIG. 4A ). As discussed above with reference to  FIG. 1C , inputs performed using a respective hardware element, represented by hardware input device  145  in  FIG. 1C , are delivered to haptic feedback module  133  via a hardware input processing module  146 . The resulting tactile output waveform, for example produced using waveform module  123 , is then mixed by mixer  125  with overlapping tactile outputs, if any, from other sources. 
     Having received first and second sets of inputs, the device determines whether the first set of tactile outputs and the second set of tactile outputs overlap ( 710 ). In response to the second set of one or more inputs ( 708 ), in accordance with a determination ( 710 -No) that the first set of tactile outputs and the second set of one or more tactile outputs do not overlap (e.g., tactile outputs  502  and  504 F in  FIG. 5H  do not overlap), the device outputs ( 712 ), with the set of one or more tactile output generators, a tactile output sequence (e.g., combined tactile outputs  510 F,  FIG. 5H ) that includes the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the second set of one or more tactile outputs (e.g., playing both sets of tactile outputs at full volume, the tactile output includes the first set and second set of tactile inputs played in sequence). 
     On the other hand, in response to the second set of one or more inputs ( 708 ), in accordance with a determination ( 710 -Yes) that the first set of one or more tactile outputs (e.g., tactile output  502 ,  FIG. 5I ) and the second set of one or more tactile outputs (e.g., tactile output  504 G,  FIG. 5I ) overlap, the device outputs ( 714 ), with the set of one or more tactile output generators, a modified tactile output sequence (e.g., combined tactile outputs  510 G,  FIG. 5I ) that is modified so as to emphasize the second set of one or more tactile outputs (e.g., tactile output  504 G) relative to the first set of one or more tactile outputs (tactile output  502 ). By mixing tactile outputs in this way, emphasizing tactile outputs corresponding to inputs from hardware elements relative to other tactile outputs, improved tactile feedback is provided to the user, for example by ensuring the user can detect the tactile outputs produced in response to user inputs on the one or more hardware elements while still allowing other tactile outputs to be generated. The improved tactile feedback enables the user make inputs with more confidence, faster and more efficiently, thereby resulting in fewer incorrect inputs by the user, which enhances the operability of the device. For battery-operated electronic devices, this conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     In some embodiments, method  700  includes modifying ( 716 ) the tactile output sequence so as to emphasize the second set of tactile outputs relative to the first set of tactile outputs by performing one or more of: increasing an amplitude of the second set of tactile outputs and decreasing an amplitude of the first set of tactile outputs. For example, in the example shown in  FIG. 5I , second tactile output  504 G is emphasized relative to first tactile outputs  502  by decreasing the amplitude of first tactile outputs  502  during the overlapping portion, P 3 . 
     In some embodiments, the modified tactile output sequence includes ( 718 ) a first portion during which output of the first set of tactile outputs is gradually reduced from a first output level to a second output level. For example, in the example shown in  FIG. 5I , during first portion P 1  of the modified tactile output sequence  510 G, the output of the first tactile output  502 , or alternatively the contribution of first tactile output  502  to the modified tactile output sequence  510 G, is gradually reduced from a first output level (e.g., an initial level) to a second output level (e.g., an output level lower than the initial level). In some embodiments, the first portion has a fixed duration, such as 5 ms. In some embodiments, the output level is fully reduced from an initial output level to zero during the first portion, as shown in the example in  FIG. 5I . In some other embodiments, the output level is gradually reduced from the initial output level but is not fully reduced to zero within the first portion. By mixing tactile outputs in this way, with gradual reduction of the scaling of the tactile outputs from an initial level to a lower level prior to outputting the portion of the tactile output sequence that emphasizes tactile outputs corresponding to inputs from hardware elements relative to other tactile outputs, improved tactile feedback is provided to the user, enhancing the operability of the device. The gradual reduction of the first tactile output signals the user that a new tactile output or new feedback may be forthcoming, and/or avoids an abrupt transition from one tactile output to another that might otherwise distract the user. 
     In some embodiments, the modified tactile output sequence includes ( 720 ) a second portion of reduced tactile output, for example, a period of time during which there is tactile silence or a period of time during which the device ceases to provide instructions to the tactile output generators to generate tactile outputs. In the example shown in  FIG. 5I , there is tactile silence during second portion P 2  of the modified tactile output sequence. In some embodiments, the second portion has a fixed duration, such as 5 ms. In some embodiments, the second portion (e.g., portion P 2 ,  FIG. 5I ) of reduced tactile output (e.g., tactile silence) is subsequent to and immediately follows the first portion (e.g., portion P 1 ,  FIG. 5I ), during which the first set of tactile outputs is gradually reduced. In some embodiments, not shown in  FIG. 5I , the modified tactile output includes the second portion (e.g., a period of tactile silence) without including the first portion (e.g., a period of gradual reduction from a first output level to a second output level of the first set of tactile outputs). By mixing tactile outputs in this way, with gradual reduction of the first tactile output from an initial level to a lower level, followed by a period of tactile silence, prior to outputting the portion of the tactile output sequence that emphasizes tactile outputs corresponding to inputs from hardware elements relative to other tactile outputs, improved tactile feedback is provided to the user, enhancing the operability of the device. The gradual reduction of the first tactile output followed by a period of tactile silence enables the user to receive or feel the subsequent portion of the tactile feedback, including tactile output corresponding to a user input on a hardware element, without distraction from other tactile outputs. By providing distinct tactile feedback for user inputs on one or more hardware elements, while still providing other tactile outputs when those other tactile outputs do not overlap the tactile output corresponding to user inputs on the one or more hardware elements, more accurate feedback is provided to the user with respect to user inputs on the one or more hardware elements, which in turn enables the user make inputs on hardware elements with more confidence, faster and more efficiently, thereby resulting in fewer incorrect inputs by the user. For battery-operated electronic devices, this conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     In some embodiments, the duration of the second portion of the modified tactile sequence is selected ( 722 ) based on a magnitude of the first portion of the modified tactile sequence. An example of selecting the duration of the period of tactile silence based on the magnitude of a prior portion of the modified tactile sequence is shown in  FIG. 5K  and discussed above with reference to  FIG. 5K . 
     In some embodiments, the modified tactile output sequence includes ( 724 ) a third portion (e.g., portion P 3  of combined tactile outputs  510 J (Low) or  510 J (High), FIG.  5 K) that is subsequent to the second portion (portion P 2 ) and includes the second set of tactile outputs (e.g., portion P 2 ,  FIG. 5K ), and a duration of the third portion (e.g., 7-8 ms) is longer than a duration of the second portion of reduced tactile output (e.g., 5 ms). Stated another way, the period of tactile silence immediately preceding the third portion of the modified tactile output sequence is typically shorter than the third portion of the modified tactile output sequence, where the third portion typically includes a high priority tactile output, such as the tactile output associated with an input on a hardware element. By mixing tactile outputs in this way, including providing a period of tactile silence prior to providing a portion of the modified tactile output sequence that includes a high priority tactile output, such as the tactile output associated with an input on a hardware element, with said portion of the modified tactile output sequence being longer in duration than the immediately preceding period of tactile silence, improved tactile feedback is provided to the user, enhancing the operability of the device. This combination of timing and tactile output mixing features enables the user to receive or feel tactile output corresponding to a user input on a hardware element without distraction from other tactile outputs. By providing distinct tactile feedback for user inputs on one or more hardware elements, while still providing other tactile outputs when those other tactile outputs do not overlap the tactile output corresponding to user inputs on the one or more hardware elements, more accurate feedback is provided to the user with respect to user inputs on the one or more hardware elements, which in turn enables the user make inputs on hardware elements with more confidence, faster and more efficiently, thereby resulting in fewer incorrect inputs by the user. For battery-operated electronic devices, this conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     In some embodiments, the modified tactile output sequence includes ( 726 ) a third portion (e.g., portion P 3  of combined tactile outputs  510 J (Low) or  510 J (High),  FIG. 5K ) that includes the second set of tactile outputs (e.g., tactile output  504 G), and a fourth portion (e.g., portion P 4  of combined tactile outputs  510 J (Low) or  510 J (High),  FIG. 5K ) during which the first set of tactile outputs (e.g., tactile output  502 ) is output using an output level that is gradually increased from a third output level (e.g., the same as the second output level) to a fourth output level (e.g., the same as the first output level), wherein the fourth portion (e.g., P 4 ,  FIG. 5K ) is subsequent to the third portion (e.g., P 3 ,  FIG. 5K ). By mixing tactile outputs in this way, with gradual transitions in tactile outputs before and after outputting the portion of the tactile output sequence that emphasizes tactile outputs corresponding to inputs from hardware elements relative to other tactile outputs, improved tactile feedback is provided to the user, enhancing the operability of the device. The gradual transitions enable the user to distinctly receive or feel the portion of the tactile output sequence corresponding to a user input on a hardware element, without distraction from other tactile outputs. By providing distinct tactile feedback for user inputs on one or more hardware elements, while still providing other tactile outputs when those other tactile outputs do not overlap the tactile output corresponding to user inputs on the one or more hardware elements, more accurate feedback is provided to the user with respect to user inputs on the one or more hardware elements, which in turn enables the user make inputs on hardware elements with more confidence, faster and more efficiently, thereby resulting in fewer incorrect inputs by the user. For battery-operated electronic devices, this conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     In some of these embodiments, the duration of the third portion (e.g., 7-8 ms) is longer than the duration of the fourth portion (e.g., 5 ms). In some embodiments, the third portion is subsequent to and immediately follows the second portion of tactile silence, and in some such embodiments, the duration of the third portion (e.g., 7-8 ms) is longer than the duration of the second portion of tactile silence (e.g., 5 ms) and also longer than the duration of the fourth portion (e.g., 5 ms). 
     In some embodiments, the modified tactile output sequence includes ( 728 ) a third portion (e.g., portion P 3  of combined tactile outputs  510 J (Low) or  510 J (High),  FIG. 5K ) that includes the second set of tactile outputs (e.g., tactile output  504 G,  FIG. 5K ), and a fifth portion of reduced tactile output, wherein the fifth portion is subsequent to the third portion (not shown in  FIG. 5K ). In some such embodiments, shown in the top half of  FIG. 5K , the third portion (e.g., P 3 ) is followed immediately by a fourth portion (e.g., P 4 ) of tactile silence, which in turn is followed immediately by a fifth portion (e.g., P 5 ) during which the first set of tactile outputs (e.g., tactile output  502 ) is output using an output level that is gradually increased from a third output level (e.g., the same as the second output level) to a fourth output level (e.g., the same as the first output level). By mixing tactile outputs in this way, with distinct transitions and outputs in multiple successive portions of a tactile output sequence, improved tactile feedback is provided to the user, enhancing the operability of the device. The provision of these distinct portions, in sequence, enable the user to distinctly receive or feel the portion of the tactile output sequence corresponding to a user input on a hardware element, without distraction from other tactile outputs. By providing distinct tactile feedback for user inputs on one or more hardware elements, while still providing other tactile outputs when those other tactile outputs do not overlap the tactile output corresponding to user inputs on the one or more hardware elements, more accurate feedback is provided to the user with respect to user inputs on the one or more hardware elements, which in turn enables the user make inputs on hardware elements with more confidence, faster and more efficiently, thereby resulting in fewer incorrect inputs by the user. For battery-operated electronic devices, this conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     In some embodiments, while emphasizing the second set of one or more tactile outputs over the first set of one or more tactile outputs, the device continues to process the first set of one or more inputs ( 730 ), including mixing together tactile outputs for the first set of one or more inputs. For example, the device does this so that when the device ceases to emphasize the second set of one or more tactile outputs over first set of one or more tactile outputs, the device outputs the first set of one or more tactile outputs as though they had continued to progress while they were deemphasized. As a result, the first set of one or more tactile outputs can be resumed promptly, when the device ceases to emphasize the second set of one or more tactile outputs over the first set of one or more tactile outputs, and the first set of one or more tactile outputs are still synchronized with the inputs to which they correspond. For example, while a second tactile output is produced in response to an input (e.g., a click) on a hardware element (e.g., home button  204 ,  FIG. 4A ), first user interface tactile outputs produced in response to other triggering conditions continue to be received, processed and mixed, but are reduced in amplitude or silenced during the generation of the second portion of the combined tactile output (e.g., P 2 ,  FIG. 5K ). By mixing tactile outputs in this way, with tactile outputs continuing to be generated even during portions of a tactile output sequence in which those tactile outputs are silenced, a faster and smoother transition to resuming the provision of those tactile outputs is provided, and thus improved tactile feedback is provided to the user, enhancing the operability of the device. By providing more accurate feedback to the user with respect to user inputs, the user is enabled to make inputs on hardware elements with more confidence, faster and more efficiently, thereby resulting in fewer incorrect inputs by the user. For battery-operated electronic devices, this conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     In some embodiments, outputting the modified tactile sequence ( 714 ) includes reducing ( 732 ) a scale of at least a portion of the first set of one or more tactile outputs that overlaps with the second set of one or more tactile outputs. Examples of this are discussed above with reference to  FIGS. 5I, 5K and 5L . Further discussion of such scale reducing is provided below with reference to method  800  and  FIGS. 8A-8D . 
     In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination ( 734 ) that a first portion of the combined tactile outputs meets output limiting criteria for the one or more tactile output generators, method  700  includes reducing ( 736 ) a scale of the combined tactile outputs during at least a second portion of the combined tactile outputs immediately preceding the first portion of the combined tactile outputs, and outputting ( 738 ), with the set of one or more tactile output generators, a tactile output sequence (e.g., combined tactile outputs  510 C-RS,  FIG. 5E , or combined tactile outputs  510 E-RS,  FIG. 5G ) based on the combined tactile outputs that includes the second portion of the combined tactile outputs with reduced scale. 
     In some embodiments, after reducing the scale of the combined tactile outputs during the second portion (e.g., portion P 1 ,  FIG. 5E ), method  700  includes continuing to output, via the one or more tactile output generators, the combined tactile outputs with the reduced scale during the first portion (e.g., portion P 2 , which follows portion P 1 ,  FIG. 5E ). As result, the amplitude of the scale-reduced portions satisfies a predefined limit, corresponding to the aforementioned output limiting criteria for the one or more tactile output generators.  FIG. 5E  shows an example in which a reduced scale is applied during a second portion, P 2 , of combined tactile output  510 C, after reducing the scale of the combined tactile outputs during a first portion, P 1 . 
     Further discussion of the application of output limiting criteria for the one or more tactile output generators to tactile outputs is provided above with reference to  FIG. 5E , and also  FIG. 5G , as well as with reference to operations  636  and  638  of method  600 . 
     In some embodiments, method  700  includes playing ( 740 ) an audio output (e.g., first audio output  512 ,  FIGS. 5H and 5I ) that is synchronized with the first set of one or more tactile outputs and is triggered by a same condition (e.g., a triggering condition corresponding to indicator  501 ,  FIGS. 5H and 5I ) that triggered the first set of one or more tactile outputs (e.g., first tactile output  502 ,  FIGS. 5H and 5I ), and (e.g., in conjunction with receiving the second set of one or more inputs) continuing to play ( 742 ) the audio output that is synchronized with the first set of one or more tactile outputs without modification independently of whether or not the second set of one or more tactile outputs (e.g., tactile output  504 F,  FIG. 5H , or tactile output  504 G,  FIG. 5I ) is emphasized relative to the first set of one or more tactile outputs. For example, the audio component of a synchronized tactile/audio output continues to be played at a same volume even if tactile component of the synchronized tactile/audio output is de-emphasized, as shown in  FIG. 5I  By providing synchronized tactile outputs and audio outputs, while also mixing the tactile outputs to produce combined tactile outputs to be output using one or more tactile output generators, and mixing the audio outputs to produce combine audio outputs, method  700  enables multiple applications, modules, or user interface elements to provide synchronized tactile and audio outputs that are combined when they overlap. This, in turn, provides improved tactile and audio feedback to the user of the electronic device, which enhances the operability of the device. 
     In some embodiments, method  700  includes playing ( 744 ) a first audio output (e.g., audio output  512 ,  FIG. 5I ) that is synchronized with the first set of one or more tactile outputs (e.g., tactile output  502 ,  FIG. 5I ) and is triggered by a same condition (e.g., a triggering condition corresponding to indicator  501 ,  FIG. 5I ) that triggered the first set of one or more tactile outputs; and while playing the first audio output, playing ( 746 ) a second audio output (e.g., audio output  514 G,  FIG. 5I ) that is synchronized with the second set of one or more tactile outputs (e.g., tactile output  504 G,  FIG. 5I ) and is triggered by a same condition (e.g., a triggering condition corresponding to indicator  503 G,  FIG. 5I ) that triggered the second set of one or more tactile outputs, wherein the first audio output is modified (not shown in  FIG. 5I ) to emphasize the second audio output while playing the second audio output. Thus, in at least some such embodiments, audio outputs are combined in a similar way to the tactile outputs, and in particular, when combining audio outputs, audio outputs corresponding to inputs on hardware elements are emphasized relative to audio outputs corresponding to inputs on user interface elements. 
     In some such embodiments, a magnitude of the first audio output is user-selected and/or a magnitude of the second audio output is user-selected ( 748 ). For example, the device may provide one or more user adjustable settings, and optionally one or more corresponding user interfaces or user interface affordances, for selecting the magnitude of the first audio output, for selecting the magnitude of the second audio output, and/or for selecting the relative magnitude of second audio output relative to the first audio output. 
     In some embodiments, method  700  includes, in response to the second set of one or more inputs, playing ( 750 ) an audio output that is triggered by a same condition that triggered the second set of one or more tactile outputs, wherein the audio output starts after the second set of one or more tactile outputs starts. Thus, in some such embodiments, method  700  includes, in response to the second set of one or more inputs, initiating output of the modified tactile output sequence, and subsequent to initiating to output of the modified tactile output sequence, initiating playing of the audio output that is triggered by a same condition that triggered the second set of one or more tactile outputs. For example, in some embodiments, the delay from click detection (e.g., on home button  204 ,  FIG. 4A ) to tactile output for the button click is less than 50 ms, while the delay to playing an audio output corresponding to the button click is more than 50 ms. More generally, in some embodiments, a delay from receiving the second set of one or more inputs corresponding to the one or more hardware elements to outputting the modified tactile output sequence is less than a first amount of time (e.g., 50 ms) while the delay from receiving the second set of one or more inputs corresponding to the one or more hardware elements to outputting a corresponding audio sequence is more than the first amount of time. 
     It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in  FIGS. 7A-7D  have been described is merely an example and is not intended to indicate that the described order is the only order in which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to reorder the operations described herein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processes described herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g., methods  600  and  800 ) are also applicable in an analogous manner to method  700  described above with respect to  FIGS. 7A-7D . For example, the prioritization of tactile outputs corresponding to inputs on hardware elements over other tactile outputs described above with reference to method  700  optionally have one or more of the characteristics of the application of limits to the number, magnitude and/or frequency components of combined tactile outputs and/or the mixing of tactile outputs in accordance with priorities of those tactile outputs described herein with reference to other methods described herein (e.g., methods  600  and  800 ). For brevity, these details are not repeated here. 
       FIGS. 8A-8D  are flow diagrams illustrating a method  800  of combining tactile outputs corresponding to triggering conditions or inputs from multiple sources in accordance with the priorities of the tactile outputs. Corresponding examples of tactile outputs, combined tactile outputs, and audio outputs are shown in  FIGS. 5A, 5H, 5I, 5J and 5L . Method  800  is performed at an electronic device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG. 3 , or portable multifunction device  100 ,  FIG. 1A ) with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and a set of one or more tactile output generators. In some embodiments, the display is a touch-screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on or integrated with the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method  800  are, optionally, combined and/or the order of some operations is, optionally, changed. 
     As described below, method  800  combines tactile outputs corresponding to triggering conditions or inputs from multiple sources, and prioritizes tactile outputs during mixing based on assigned priorities. Method  800  enables multiple applications to provide tactile outputs, without the applications having to take into account limits on the number of tactile outputs that can be combined, or limits on the amplitude or magnitude or frequency components of the combined tactile outputs, while ensuring that higher priority tactile outputs are output, or emphasized relative to lower priority tactile outputs. The method reduces the number, extent, and/or nature of the inputs from a user when interacting with the device or applications running on the device, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. From the perspective of the user of the device, method  800  enables the user to receive multiple tactile outputs, with prioritization to ensure that higher priority tactile outputs are not excluded, or are emphasized relative to lower priority tactile outputs, and enables the user to make inputs with more confidence, faster and more efficiently, thereby resulting in fewer incorrect inputs by the user. For battery-operated electronic devices, this conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     While performing method  800 , the device detects ( 802 ) a triggering condition for a first set of one or more tactile outputs with a first priority (e.g., receiving a first set of one or more inputs corresponding to the first set of one or more tactile outputs), and detects ( 804 ) a triggering condition for a second set of one or more tactile outputs with a second priority (e.g., receiving a second set of one or more inputs corresponding to the second set of one or more tactile outputs). In some embodiments, the first set of one or more tactile outputs with the first priority corresponds ( 820 ) to asynchronous events (e.g., a user interface event that is not in response to a user input, such as displaying a notification of an incoming message, a completion of a transaction, etc.). Similarly, in some embodiments, the second set of one or more tactile outputs with the second priority corresponds ( 822 ) to synchronous events (e.g., one or more inputs corresponding to user interface elements displayed on the display of the device performing method  800 ). 
     In some embodiments, detection operation  802  includes receiving ( 824 ) a first set of one or more inputs corresponding to user interface elements displayed on the display, wherein the first set of one or more inputs corresponds to the first set of one or more tactile outputs (e.g., tactile output  502 ,  FIGS. 5I and 5J ) having the first priority. Similarly, in some embodiments, detection operation  804  includes receiving ( 826 ) a second set of one or more inputs corresponding to one or more hardware elements, wherein the second set of one or more inputs corresponds to the second set of one or more tactile outputs (e.g., tactile output  504 G,  FIGS. 5I and 5J ) having the second priority. In some embodiments, the second priority is higher than the first priority ( 828 ). Furthermore, in some embodiments, the second set of one or more inputs corresponds ( 830 ) to a click gesture, or a portion of a click gesture, performed using a respective hardware element (e.g., home button  204 ,  FIG. 4A , or other button, or key on a keyboard). As discussed above with reference to  FIG. 1C , inputs performed using a respective hardware element, represented by hardware input device  145  in  FIG. 1C , are delivered to haptic feedback module  133  via a hardware input processing module  146 . The resulting tactile output waveform, for example produced using waveform module  123 , is then mixed by mixer  125  with overlapping tactile outputs, if any, from other sources. 
     Next, in response ( 808 ) to detecting ( 802 ,  804 ) the triggering condition for the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the triggering condition for the second set of one or more tactile outputs, and in accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more tactile outputs are scheduled to at least partially overlap with the second set of one or more tactile outputs, method  800  includes, in accordance with a determination ( 810 , first priority&gt;second priority) that the first priority is higher than the second priority (e.g., as shown in the example in  FIG. 5J ), the electronic device reduces ( 812 ) a scale of at least a portion of the second set of one or more tactile outputs (e.g., second tactile output  504 G) that overlaps with the first set of one or more tactile outputs (e.g., first tactile output  502 ). For example, “reducing a scale” of at least a portion of the second set of one or more tactile outputs that overlaps with the first set of one or more tactile outputs, means reducing the scale of the portion of the second set one or more tactile outputs relative to a scale of the first set of one or more tactile outputs. 
     Furthermore, in some embodiments, in conjunction with reducing ( 812 ) the scale of the second set of one or more tactile outputs with the second priority, method  800  includes outputting ( 840 ) the first set of one or more tactile outputs with the first priority. For example, in the example shown in  FIG. 5J , in conjunction with reducing the scale of second tactile output  504 G, first tactile output  502  is output (e.g., in included in the combined tactile output  510 H, which is output by the device&#39;s one or more tactile output generators). 
     On the other hand, in response ( 808 ) to detecting ( 802 ,  804 ) the triggering condition for the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the triggering condition for the second set of one or more tactile outputs, and in accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more tactile outputs are scheduled to at least partially overlap with the second set of one or more tactile outputs, method  800  includes, in accordance with a determination ( 810 , second priority&gt;first priority) that the second priority is higher than the first priority (e.g., as shown in the example in  FIG. 5I ), the electronic device reduces a scale of at least a portion of the first set of one or more tactile outputs (e.g., portion P 3  of first tactile output  502 ,  FIG. 5I ) that overlaps with the second set of one or more tactile outputs (e.g., second tactile output  504 G,  FIG. 5I ). For example, reducing a scale of at least a portion of the first set of one or more tactile outputs that overlaps with the second set of one or more tactile outputs, means reducing the scale of the portion of the first set one or more tactile outputs relative to a scale of second first set of one or more tactile outputs. 
     Furthermore, in some embodiments, in conjunction with reducing ( 814 ) the scale of the first set of one or more tactile outputs with the first priority, method  800  includes outputting ( 842 ) the second set of one or more tactile outputs with the second priority. For example, in the example shown in  FIG. 5I , in conjunction with reducing the scale of portion P 3  of first tactile output  502 , second tactile output  504 G is output (e.g., in included in the combined tactile output  510 G, which is output by the device&#39;s one or more tactile output generators). 
     In some embodiments, higher priority tactile outputs are ones that correspond to user interactions where a delay above a threshold will be noticeable (e.g., 50 ms), such as feedback about user interaction with control elements and, in particular, control elements directly manipulated by user inputs (e.g., sliders, scrubbers, buttons, switches, scrolling regions, etc., some of which also provide visual feedback in response to user interaction with those control elements). 
     In some embodiments, in response ( 808 ) to detecting ( 802 ,  804 ) the triggering condition for the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the triggering condition for the second set of one or more tactile outputs, and in accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more tactile outputs are scheduled to at least partially overlap with the second set of one or more tactile outputs, method  800  includes, in accordance with a determination ( 810 , first priority=second priority) that the first priority is the same as the second priority, combining ( 816 ) the first set of one or more tactile outputs with the second set of one or more tactile outputs without reducing a scale of the first set of one or more tactile outputs relative to the scale of the second set of one or more tactile outputs. For example, in the example shown in  FIG. 5A , first and second tactile outputs  502  and  504  are combined without reducing a scale of the first tactile output relative to the scale of the second tactile output. By mixing tactile outputs in this way, reducing the scale of lower priority tactile outputs relative to higher priority tactile outputs, improved tactile feedback is provided to the user, for example by ensuring the user can detect the higher priority tactile outputs produced while still allowing other tactile outputs to be generated. The improved tactile feedback enables the user make inputs with more confidence, faster and more efficiently, thereby resulting in fewer incorrect inputs by the user, which enhances the operability of the device. For battery-operated electronic devices, this conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     In some embodiments, method  800  includes, in response to detecting the triggering condition for the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the triggering condition for the second set of one or more tactile outputs and in accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more tactile outputs are not scheduled to overlap with other tactile outputs (e.g., as shown in the example in  FIG. 5H , first tactile output  502  and second tactile output  504 F are not scheduled to overlap), outputting ( 832 ), with the one or more tactile output generators, the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the second set of one or more tactile outputs without reducing a scale of the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the second set of one or more tactile outputs. As shown in the example in  FIG. 5H , the first and second tactile outputs  502  and  504 F are output without reducing a scale of the first tactile output  502  and the second tactile output  504 F. By mixing tactile outputs in this way, improved tactile feedback is provided to the user. The improved tactile feedback enables the user make inputs with more confidence, faster and more efficiently, thereby resulting in fewer incorrect inputs by the user, which enhances the operability of the device. For battery-operated electronic devices, this conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     In some embodiments, method  800  further includes generating ( 850 ) combined tactile outputs (e.g., combined tactile outputs  510 G,  FIG. 5I or 510H ,  FIG. 5J ) by combining at least the first set of one or more tactile outputs (e.g., tactile output  502 ), including any portion thereof with reduced scale, and the second set of one or more tactile outputs (e.g., tactile output  504 G), including any portion thereof with reduced scale; and outputting ( 852 ), with the set of one or more tactile output generators, a tactile output sequence based on the combined tactile outputs (e.g., as shown in  FIGS. 5I and 5J ). Furthermore, in some embodiments, the tactile output sequence includes ( 854 ) a first portion (e.g., portion P 1  of combined tactile outputs  510 G,  FIG. 5I ) during which output of the first set of tactile outputs is gradually reduced from a first output level to a second output level (e.g., as shown in  FIG. 5I ). 
     In some embodiments, method  800  includes detecting ( 860 ) a triggering condition for a third set of one or more tactile outputs with a third priority that is higher than the second priority and the first priority (e.g., third tactile output  506 K, as shown in the  FIG. 5L ). Optionally, the third set of one or more tactile outputs with the third priority corresponds ( 862 ) to one or more hardware elements (e.g., a simulated physical button such as home button  204 ,  FIG. 4A ). 
     In some embodiments, in response to detecting ( 860 ) the triggering condition for the third set of one or more tactile outputs and in accordance with a determination that the third set of one or more tactile outputs are scheduled to at least partially overlap with the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the second set of one or more tactile outputs (e.g., as shown in  FIG. 5L ), method  800  includes reducing ( 866 ) a scale of at least a portion of the first set of one or more tactile outputs that overlaps with the third set of one or more tactile outputs, and reducing ( 868 ) a scale of at least a portion of the second set of one or more tactile outputs that overlaps with the third set of one or more tactile outputs. For example, as shown in  FIG. 5L , in the portion of the first tactile output  502  and second tactile output  504  that overlaps with the third tactile output  506 K, the scale of both the first tactile output  502  and second tactile output  504  are reduced (e.g., the reduced scale versions of both are included in combined tactile outputs  510 K, which are output by the one or more tactile output generators of the device). Stated another way, while outputting a sequence of tactile outputs with a third priority that is higher than the first or second priority, the device reduces the amplitudes of tactile outputs of the first priority and the second priority. By mixing tactile outputs in this way, reducing the scale of lower priority tactile outputs relative to higher priority tactile outputs, improved tactile feedback is provided to the user, for example by ensuring the user can detect the higher priority tactile outputs produced while still allowing other tactile outputs to be generated. The improved tactile feedback enables the user make inputs with more confidence, faster and more efficiently, thereby resulting in fewer incorrect inputs by the user, which enhances the operability of the device. For battery-operated electronic devices, this conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     In some embodiments, method  800  includes playing ( 870 ) an audio output (e.g., audio output  512  or  514 F,  FIG. 5H ; or audio output  512  or  514 G,  FIG. 5I ; or audio output  512  or  512 G,  FIG. 5J ) that is synchronized with a first set of tactile outputs or the second set of tactile outputs, and continuing to play ( 872 ) the audio output without modification independently of whether or not the scale of at least the portion of the first set of one or more tactile outputs that overlaps with the second set of one or more tactile outputs or the scale of at least the portion of the second set of one or more tactile outputs that overlaps with the first set of one or more tactile outputs is reduced. Examples of such continued playing of the audio output are shown in  FIGS. 5I and 5J . 
     It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in  FIGS. 8A-8D  have been described is merely an example and is not intended to indicate that the described order is the only order in which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to reorder the operations described herein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processes described herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g., methods  600  and  700 ) are also applicable in an analogous manner to method  800  described above with respect to  FIGS. 8A-8D . For example, the mixing of tactile outputs in accordance with priorities of those tactile outputs described herein described above with reference to method  800  optionally have one or more of the characteristics of the application of limits to the number, magnitude and/or frequency components of combined tactile outputs described herein with reference to method  600  and/or the prioritization of tactile outputs corresponding to inputs on hardware elements over other tactile outputs described herein with reference to method  700 . For brevity, these details are not repeated here. 
     In accordance with some embodiments,  FIG. 9  shows a functional block diagram of electronic device  900  configured in accordance with the principles of the various described embodiments. The functional blocks of the device are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of the various described embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill in the art that the functional blocks described in  FIG. 9  are, optionally, combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of the various described embodiments. Therefore, the description herein optionally supports any possible combination or separation or further definition of the functional blocks described herein. 
     As shown in  FIG. 9 , electronic device  900  includes display unit  902  (e.g., including display  112 ) configured to display user interfaces, touch-sensitive surface unit  904  configured to receive touch inputs (on a surface, such as a display surface of display unit  902 ), one or more tactile output generator unit(s)  906  configured to generate one or more tactile outputs, and processing unit  910  coupled with display unit  902 , touch-sensitive surface unit  904 , and one or more tactile output generator unit(s)  906 . In some embodiments, electronic device  900  also includes audio output unit  908  for generating audio outputs, also coupled to processing unit  910 . In some embodiments, processing unit  910  includes one or more of the following sub-units: request receiving unit  912 , tactile output combining unit  914 , look-ahead tactile output limiting unit  920 , tactile output unit  922 , audio combining unit  924 , and audio playing unit  926 . In some embodiments, tactile output combining unit  914  includes scaling and ducking unit  916  and/or tactile output excluding unit  918 . 
     In some embodiments, processing unit  910  is configured to receive a plurality of requests (e.g., using request receiving unit  912 ) to generate a plurality of tactile outputs (e.g., using tactile output unit  922 ) using one or more tactile output generator unit(s)  906 , wherein the plurality of tactile outputs include two or more overlapping tactile outputs. Processing unit  910  is configured to, in response to receiving the plurality of requests, generate and output (e.g., using tactile output unit  922 ), via one or more tactile output generator unit(s)  906 , combined tactile outputs. The generating and outputting includes, in accordance with a determination (e.g., made using tactile output combining unit  914  and/or look-ahead tactile output limiting unit  920 ) that the plurality of tactile outputs does not exceed a threshold number of tactile outputs that is permitted to be mixed together for concurrent output via one or more tactile output generator unit(s)  906 , mixing the plurality of tactile outputs together (e.g., using tactile output combining unit  914 ) into a first combined tactile output, including the first combined tactile output in the combined tactile outputs, and outputting (e.g., using tactile output unit  922 ), via one or more tactile output generator unit(s)  906 , the combined tactile outputs, including the first combined tactile output. The generating and outputting also includes, in accordance with a determination (e.g., made using tactile output combining unit  914  and/or look-ahead tactile output limiting unit  920 ) that the plurality of tactile outputs exceeds the threshold number of tactile outputs that is permitted to be mixed together for concurrent output via one or more tactile output generator unit(s)  906 , mixing a subset of the plurality of tactile outputs together (e.g., using tactile output combining unit  914  and/or tactile output excluding unit  918 ) into a second combined tactile output that excludes at least one of the plurality of tactile outputs, including the second combined tactile output in the combined tactile outputs, and outputting (e.g., using tactile output unit  922 ), via one or more tactile output generator unit(s)  906 , the combined tactile outputs, including the second combined tactile output. 
     In some embodiments, processing unit  910  is further configured to, after receiving the plurality of requests to output the plurality of tactile outputs, receive a request (e.g., using request receiving unit  912 ) to output an additional tactile output that at least partially overlaps with a respective tactile output in the plurality of tactile outputs. Processing unit  910  is configured to, after outputting (e.g., using tactile output unit  922 ) a first portion of the respective tactile output and in response to receiving the request to output the additional tactile output, in accordance with a determination (e.g., made using tactile output combining unit  914  and/or look-ahead tactile output limiting unit  920 ) that a combination of the additional tactile output and the plurality of tactile outputs does not exceed the threshold number of tactile outputs that is permitted to be mixed together for concurrent output via one or more tactile output generator unit(s)  906 , mix the additional tactile output with the plurality of tactile outputs (e.g., using tactile output combining unit  914 ), including a second portion of the respective tactile output, together into a third combined tactile output, and include the third combined tactile output in the combined tactile outputs, and output (e.g., using tactile output unit  922 ), via one or more tactile output generator unit(s)  906 , the combined tactile outputs, including the third combined tactile output. Processing unit  910  is configured to, in accordance with a determination (e.g., made using tactile output combining unit  914  and/or look-ahead tactile output limiting unit  920 ) that the combination of the additional tactile output and the plurality of tactile outputs exceeds the threshold number of tactile outputs that is permitted to be mixed together for concurrent output via one or more tactile output generator unit(s)  906 , mix the additional tactile output with the plurality of tactile outputs, excluding the second portion of the respective tactile output, together (e.g., using tactile output combining unit  914  and/or tactile output excluding unit  918 ) into a fourth combined tactile output, and include the fourth combined tactile output in the combined tactile outputs, and output (e.g., using tactile output unit  922 ), via one or more tactile output generator unit(s)  906 , the combined tactile outputs, including the fourth combined tactile output. 
     In some embodiments, the second portion of the respective tactile output is selected (e.g., using tactile output excluding unit  918 ), from the plurality of tactile outputs, to be excluded from the plurality of tactile outputs based on an age of an input that triggered the respective tactile output. 
     In some embodiments, processing unit  910  is further configured to play an audio output (e.g., using audio playing unit  926 ) that is synchronized with the respective tactile output (e.g., using audio combining unit  924 ) and is triggered by a same condition that triggered the respective tactile output, and processing unit  910  is configured to continue to play (e.g., using audio playing unit  926 ) the audio output that is synchronized with the respective tactile output (e.g., using audio combining unit  924 ) without regard to whether or not the second portion of the tactile output is excluded from the combined tactile outputs that are output via one or more tactile output generator unit(s)  906 . 
     In some embodiments, one or more of the tactile outputs of the plurality of tactile outputs are part of synchronized tactile and audio outputs that include both an audio output and a corresponding tactile output that are synchronized (e.g., using audio combining unit  924  and/or audio playing unit  926 ) to occur with a particular temporal alignment. 
     In some embodiments, the plurality of tactile outputs includes a tactile output generated (e.g., using tactile output unit  922 ) in response to a user input directed toward a control element in a displayed user interface. 
     In some embodiments, the plurality of tactile outputs includes a tactile output generated (e.g., using tactile output unit  922 ) in response to a user input directed toward a hardware control. In some embodiments, the plurality of tactile outputs includes a tactile output generated (e.g., using tactile output unit  922 ) in response to the occurrence of a predefined condition. 
     In some embodiments, the combined tactile outputs a first portion and a second portion. Processing unit  910  is configured to, in accordance with a determination (e.g., made using tactile output and/or tactile output combining unit  914  and/or look-ahead tactile output limiting unit  920 ) that the second portion of the combined tactile outputs meets output limiting criteria for one or more tactile output generator unit(s)  906 , reduce a scale of the combined tactile outputs (e.g., using tactile output combining unit  914  and/or scaling and ducking unit  916 ) during at least the first portion of the combined tactile outputs immediately preceding the second portion of the combined tactile outputs, and output (e.g., using tactile output unit  922 ), via one or more tactile output generator unit(s)  906 , a tactile output sequence based on the combined tactile outputs that includes the first portion of the combined tactile outputs with reduced scale. 
     In some embodiments, processing unit  910  is configured to, in accordance with a determination (e.g., made using tactile output combining unit  914  and/or look-ahead tactile output limiting unit  920 ) that the second portion of the combined tactile outputs does not meet output limiting criteria for one or more tactile output generator unit(s)  906 , output (e.g., using tactile output unit  922 ), via one or more tactile output generator unit(s)  906 , the tactile output sequence without reducing the scale of the combined tactile outputs during at least the first portion of the combined tactile outputs. 
     In some other embodiments, processing unit  910  is configured to, after reducing the scale of the combined tactile outputs during the first portion, continue to output (e.g., using tactile output unit  922 ), via one or more tactile output generator unit(s)  906 , the combined tactile outputs with the reduced scale during the second portion. In some embodiments, processing unit  910  is configured to, after reducing the scale of the first portion of the combined tactile outputs, apply a low pass filter to the combined tactile outputs (e.g., using scaling and ducking unit  916 ) so as to remove or reduce frequency components, if any, of the combined tactile outputs that are above a predefined cutoff frequency. In some embodiments, processing unit  910  is configured to, after outputting, via one or more tactile output generator unit(s)  906 , the second portion of the combined tactile outputs that includes the second portion at reduced scale, gradually increase the scale (e.g., using scaling and ducking unit  916 ) of the combined tactile outputs during at least a third portion of the combined tactile outputs. 
     In some embodiments, reducing the scale of the combined tactile outputs (e.g., using scaling and ducking unit  916 ) is performed using a smoothly varying scale reduction parameter. 
     In some embodiments, receiving (e.g., using request receiving unit  912 ) the plurality of requests includes receiving a first set of one or more inputs corresponding to user interface elements displayed on display unit  902 , wherein the first set of one or more inputs corresponds to a first set of one or more tactile outputs; and receiving (e.g., using request receiving unit  912 ) a second set of one or more inputs corresponding to one or more hardware elements, wherein the second set of one or more inputs corresponds to the second set of one or more tactile outputs. In some embodiments, the plurality of tactile outputs includes the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the second set of one or more tactile outputs. 
     In some embodiments, generating the combined tactile outputs includes, in accordance with a determination (e.g., made using tactile output combining unit  914  and/or look-ahead tactile output limiting unit  920 ) that the first set of tactile outputs and the second set of one or more tactile outputs do not overlap include (e.g., using tactile output combining unit  914 ) in the combined tactile outputs the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the second set of one or more tactile outputs; and, in accordance with a determination (e.g., made using tactile output combining unit  914  and/or look-ahead tactile output limiting unit  920 ) that the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the second set of one or more tactile outputs overlap, include (e.g., using tactile output combining unit  914 ) in the combined tactile outputs a modified tactile output sequence that is modified (e.g., using tactile output combining unit  914 ) so as to emphasize the second set of one or more tactile outputs relative to the first set of one or more tactile outputs. 
     In some embodiments, receiving the plurality of requests includes detecting a triggering condition for a first set of one or more tactile outputs with a first priority and detecting a triggering condition for a second set of one or more tactile outputs with a second priority. In some embodiments, generating the combined tactile outputs includes, in response to detecting the triggering condition for the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the triggering condition for the second set of one or more tactile outputs and in accordance with a determination (e.g., made using tactile output combining unit  914  and/or look-ahead tactile output limiting unit  920 ) that the first set of one or more tactile outputs are scheduled to at least partially overlap with the second set of one or more tactile outputs, in accordance with a determination (e.g., made using tactile output combining unit  914  and/or look-ahead tactile output limiting unit  920 ) that the first priority is higher than the second priority, reducing a scale (e.g., using scaling and ducking unit  916 ) of at least a portion of the second set of one or more tactile outputs that overlaps with the first set of one or more tactile outputs; in accordance with a determination (e.g., made using tactile output combining unit  914  and/or look-ahead tactile output limiting unit  920 ) that the second priority is higher than the first priority, reducing a scale (e.g., using scaling and ducking unit  916 ) of at least a portion of the first set of one or more tactile outputs that overlaps with the second set of one or more tactile outputs; and generating the combined tactile outputs (e.g., using tactile output unit  922 ) by combining at least the first set of one or more tactile outputs (e.g., using tactile output combining unit  914 ), including any portion thereof with reduced scale, and the second set of one or more tactile outputs, including any portion thereof with reduced scale. 
     In accordance with some embodiments,  FIG. 10  shows a functional block diagram of electronic device  1000  configured in accordance with the principles of the various described embodiments. The functional blocks of the device are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of the various described embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill in the art that the functional blocks described in  FIG. 10  are, optionally, combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of the various described embodiments. Therefore, the description herein optionally supports any possible combination or separation or further definition of the functional blocks described herein. 
     As shown in  FIG. 10 , electronic device  1000  includes display unit  1002  (e.g., including display  112 ) configured to display user interfaces, touch-sensitive surface unit  1004  configured to receive touch inputs (e.g., on a display surface of display unit  1002 ), a set of one or more tactile output generator unit(s)  1006  configured to generate one or more tactile outputs, and processing unit  1010  coupled with display unit  1002 , touch-sensitive surface unit  1004 , and one or more tactile output generator unit(s)  1006 . In some embodiments, electronic device  1000  also includes audio output unit  1008  configured to generate audio outputs, also coupled with processing unit  1010 . In some embodiments, processing unit  1010  includes one or more of the following sub-units: input receiving unit  1012 , tactile output combining unit  1014 , tactile output unit  1022 , audio combining unit  1024 , and audio playing unit  1026 . In some embodiments, tactile output combining unit  1014  includes scaling and ducking unit  1016 . 
     In some embodiments, processing unit  1010  is configured to receive (e.g., using input receiving unit  1012 ) a first set of one or more inputs corresponding to user interface elements displayed on display unit  1002 , wherein the first set of one or more inputs corresponds to a first set of one or more tactile outputs. Processing unit  1010  is further configured to receive (e.g., using input receiving unit  1012 ) a second set of one or more inputs corresponding to the one or more hardware elements, wherein the second set of one or more inputs corresponds to a second set of one or more tactile outputs. Processing unit  1010  is further configured to, in response to the second set of one or more inputs, in accordance with a determination (e.g., made using tactile output combining unit  1014 ) that the first set of tactile outputs and the second set of one or more tactile outputs do not overlap, output (e.g., using tactile output unit  1022 ), with the set of one or more tactile output generator unit(s)  1006 , a tactile output sequence that includes the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the second set of one or more tactile outputs. Processing unit  1010  is further configured to, in accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the second set of one or more tactile outputs overlap, output (e.g., using tactile output unit  1022 ), with the set of one or more tactile output generator unit(s)  1006 , a modified tactile output sequence that is modified (e.g., using tactile output combining unit  1014  and/or scaling and ducking unit  1016 ) so as to emphasize the second set of one or more tactile outputs relative to the first set of one or more tactile outputs. 
     In some embodiments, the second set of one or more inputs corresponds to a click gesture, or a portion of a click gesture, performed using a respective hardware element. 
     In some embodiments, processing unit  1010  is configured to modify (e.g., using scaling and ducking unit  1016 ) the tactile output sequence so as to emphasize the second set of tactile outputs relative to the first set of tactile outputs by performing one or more of: increasing an amplitude of the second set of tactile outputs and decreasing an amplitude of the first set of tactile outputs. 
     In some embodiments, the modified tactile output sequence includes a first portion during which output of the first set of tactile outputs is gradually reduced (e.g., using scaling and ducking unit  1016 ) from a first output level to a second output level. 
     In some embodiments, the modified tactile output sequence includes a second portion of reduced tactile output. 
     In some embodiments, a duration of the second portion is selected based on a magnitude of the first portion. 
     In some embodiments, the modified tactile output sequence includes a third portion that is subsequent to the second portion and includes the second set of tactile outputs, and a duration of the third portion is longer than a duration of the second portion of reduced tactile output. 
     In some embodiments, the modified tactile output sequence includes: a third portion that includes the second set of tactile outputs and a fourth portion during which the first set of tactile outputs is output using an output level that is gradually increased from a third output level to a fourth output level, wherein the fourth portion is subsequent to the third portion. 
     In some embodiments, the modified tactile output sequence includes: a third portion that includes the second set of tactile outputs and a fifth portion of reduced tactile output, wherein the fifth portion is subsequent to the third portion. 
     In some embodiments, processing unit  1010  is further configured to play an audio output (e.g., using audio playing unit  1026 ) that is synchronized with the first set of one or more tactile outputs (e.g., using audio combining unit  1024 ) and is triggered by a same condition that triggered the first set of one or more tactile outputs. Processing unit  1010  is further configured to continue to play the audio output (e.g., using audio playing unit  1026 ) that is synchronized with the first set of one or more tactile outputs without modification independently of whether or not the second set of one or more tactile outputs is emphasized relative to the first set of one or more tactile outputs. 
     In some embodiments, processing unit  1010  is further configured to play first audio output (e.g., using audio playing unit  1026 ) that is synchronized with the first set of one or more tactile outputs (e.g., using audio combining unit  1024 ) and is triggered by a same condition that triggered the first set of one or more tactile outputs. Processing unit  1010  is configured to, while playing the first audio output, play second audio output (e.g., using audio playing unit  1026 ) that is synchronized) with the second set of one or more tactile outputs (e.g., using audio combining unit  1024 ) and is triggered by a same condition that triggered the second set of one or more tactile outputs, wherein the first audio output is modified to emphasize the second audio output while playing the second audio output. 
     In some embodiments, processing unit  1010  is configured to, while emphasizing the second set of one or more tactile outputs over the first set of one or more tactile outputs, continue to process the first set of one or more inputs, including mixing together (e.g., using tactile output combining unit  1014 ) tactile outputs for the first set of one or more inputs. 
     In some embodiments, a magnitude of the first audio output is user-selected and/or a magnitude of the second audio output is user-selected. 
     In some embodiments, processing unit  1010  is configured to, in response to the second set of one or more inputs, play audio output (e.g., using audio playing unit  1026 ) that is triggered by a same condition that triggered the second set of one or more tactile outputs, wherein the audio output starts after the second set of one or more tactile outputs starts. 
     In some embodiments, outputting the modified tactile sequence includes reducing a scale (e.g., using scaling and ducking unit  1016 ) of at least a portion of the first set of one or more tactile outputs that overlaps with the second set of one or more tactile outputs. 
     In some embodiments, processing unit  1010  is configured to, in accordance with a determination (e.g., made using tactile output combining unit and/or look-ahead tactile output limiting unit  920 ) that a first portion of the combined tactile outputs meets output limiting criteria for the set of one or more tactile output generator unit(s)  1006 , reduce a scale (e.g., using scaling and ducking unit  1016 ) of the combined tactile outputs during at least a second portion of the combined tactile outputs immediately preceding the first portion of the combined tactile outputs and output (e.g., using tactile output unit  1022 ), with the set of one or more tactile output generator unit(s)  1006 , a tactile output sequence based on the combined tactile outputs that includes the second portion of the combined tactile outputs with reduced scale. 
     In accordance with some embodiments,  FIG. 11  shows a functional block diagram of electronic device  1100  configured in accordance with the principles of the various described embodiments. The functional blocks of the device are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of the various described embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill in the art that the functional blocks described in  FIG. 11  are, optionally, combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of the various described embodiments. Therefore, the description herein optionally supports any possible combination or separation or further definition of the functional blocks described herein. 
     As shown in  FIG. 11 , electronic device  1100  includes display unit  1102  (e.g., including display  112 ) configured to display one or more user interfaces, touch-sensitive surface unit  1104  configured to receive touch inputs (e.g., on a surface, such as a display surface of display unit  1102 ), a set of one or more tactile output generator unit(s)  1106  configured to generate one or more tactile outputs, and processing unit  1110  coupled with display unit  1102 , touch-sensitive surface unit  1104 , and one or more tactile output generator unit(s)  1106 . In some embodiments, electronic device  1100  includes audio output unit  1108 , also coupled with processing unit  1110 . In some embodiments, processing unit  1110  includes one or more of the following sub-units: trigger condition detecting unit  1112 , tactile output combining unit  1114 , tactile output unit  1118 , and audio playing unit  1120 . In some embodiments, tactile output combining unit  1114  includes scaling and ducking unit  1116 . 
     In some embodiments, processing unit  1110  is configured to detect a triggering condition (e.g., using trigger condition detecting unit  1112 ) for a first set of one or more tactile outputs with a first priority and detect a triggering condition (e.g., using trigger condition detecting unit  1112 ) for a second set of one or more tactile outputs with a second priority. Processing unit  1110  is configured to, in response to detecting the triggering condition for the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the triggering condition for the second set of one or more tactile outputs and in accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more tactile outputs are scheduled to at least partially overlap with the second set of one or more tactile outputs, in accordance with a determination that the first priority is higher than the second priority, reduce a scale (e.g., using scaling and ducking unit  1116 ) of at least a portion of the second set of one or more tactile outputs that overlaps with the first set of one or more tactile outputs. Processing unit  1110  is configured to, in accordance with a determination that the second priority is higher than the first priority, reduce a scale (e.g., using scaling and ducking unit  1116 ) of at least a portion of the first set of one or more tactile outputs that overlaps with the second set of one or more tactile outputs. 
     In some embodiments, processing unit  1110  is further configured to enable generation of combined tactile outputs (e.g., using tactile output unit  1118 ) by combining at least the first set of one or more tactile outputs (e.g., using tactile output combining unit  1114 ), including any portion thereof with reduced scale, and the second set of one or more tactile outputs, including any portion thereof with reduced scale, and output (e.g., using tactile output unit  1118 ), with the set of one or more tactile output generator unit(s)  1106 , a tactile output sequence based on the combined tactile outputs. 
     In some embodiments, the tactile output sequence includes a first portion during which output of the first set of tactile outputs is gradually reduced from a first output level to a second output level. 
     In some embodiments, processing unit  1110  is configured to, in accordance with a determination that the first priority is the same as the second priority, combine (e.g., using tactile output combining unit  1114  and/or scaling and ducking unit  1116 ) the first set of one or more tactile outputs with the second set of one or more tactile outputs without reducing a scale of the first set of one or more tactile outputs relative to the scale of the second set of one or more tactile outputs. 
     In some embodiments, processing unit  1110  is configured to, in response to detecting the triggering condition for the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the triggering condition for the second set of one or more tactile outputs and in accordance with a determination that the first set of one or more tactile outputs are not scheduled to overlap with other tactile outputs, output (e.g., using tactile output unit  1118 ) of the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the second set of one or more tactile outputs without reducing a scale of the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the second set of one or more tactile outputs. 
     In some embodiments, processing unit  1110  is further configured to detect a triggering condition (e.g., using trigger condition detecting unit  1112 ) for a third set of one or more tactile outputs with a third priority that is higher than the second priority and the first priority. Processing unit  1110  is configured to, in response to detecting the triggering condition for the third set of one or more tactile outputs and in accordance with a determination that the third set of one or more tactile outputs are scheduled to at least partially overlap with the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the second set of one or more tactile outputs, reduce a scale (e.g., using scaling and ducking unit  1116 ) of at least a portion of the first set of one or more tactile outputs that overlaps with the third set of one or more tactile outputs and reduce a scale (e.g., using scaling and ducking unit  1116 ) of at least a portion of the second set of one or more tactile outputs that overlaps with the third set of one or more tactile outputs. 
     In some embodiments, the third set of one or more tactile outputs with the third priority corresponds to one or more hardware elements. In some embodiments, the first set of one or more tactile outputs with the first priority corresponds to asynchronous events. In some embodiments, the second set of one or more tactile outputs with the second priority corresponds to synchronous events. 
     In some embodiments, processing unit  1110  is further configured to, in response to detecting the triggering condition for the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the triggering condition for the second set of one or more tactile outputs and in accordance with the determination that the first set of one or more tactile outputs are scheduled to at least partially overlap with the second set of one or more tactile outputs and in accordance with the determination that the first priority is higher than the second priority, in conjunction with reducing the scale of the second set of one or more tactile outputs with the second priority, output (e.g., using tactile output unit  1118 ) of the first set of one or more tactile outputs with the first priority. 
     In some embodiments, processing unit  1110  is further configured to, in response to detecting the triggering condition for the first set of one or more tactile outputs and the triggering condition for the second set of one or more tactile outputs and in accordance with the determination that the first set of one or more tactile outputs are scheduled to at least partially overlap and in accordance with the determination that the second priority is higher than the first priority, in conjunction with reducing the scale of the first set of tactile outputs corresponding to the first priority, output (e.g., using tactile output unit  1118 ), with the set of one or more tactile output generator units  1106 , of the second set of one or more tactile outputs with the second priority. 
     In some embodiments, processing unit  1110  is further configured to play an audio output (e.g., using audio playing unit  1120 ) that is synchronized with a first set of tactile outputs or the second set of tactile outputs, and continue to play the audio output (e.g., using audio playing unit  1120 ) without modification independently of whether or not the scale of at least the portion of the first set of one or more tactile outputs that overlaps with the second set of one or more tactile outputs or the scale of at least the portion of the second set of one or more tactile outputs that overlaps with the first set of one or more tactile outputs is reduced. 
     In some embodiments, processing unit  1110  is further configured to receive a first set of one or more inputs (e.g., using trigger condition detecting unit  1112 ) corresponding to user interface elements displayed on display unit  1102 , wherein the first set of one or more inputs corresponds to the first set of one or more tactile outputs having the first priority, and receive a second set of one or more inputs (e.g., using trigger condition detecting unit  1112 ) corresponding to one or more hardware elements, wherein the second set of one or more inputs corresponds to the second set of one or more tactile outputs having the second priority, wherein the second priority is higher than the first priority. 
     In some embodiments, the second set of one or more inputs corresponds to a click gesture, or a portion of a click gesture, performed using a respective hardware element. 
     The operations in the information processing methods described above are, optionally implemented by running one or more functional modules in information processing apparatus such as general purpose processors (e.g., as described above with respect to  FIGS. 1A and 3 ) or application specific chips. 
     The operations described above with reference to  FIGS. 6A-6F, 7A-7D and 8A-8D  are, optionally, implemented by components depicted in  FIGS. 1A-1B  or  FIG. 3 . For example, receiving input operations  602 ,  702  and detection operations  802 ,  804  are, optionally, implemented by contact/motion module  130 ; outputting combined tactile outputs and tactile output sequence operations  610 ,  614 ,  712 ,  714  and  852  are optionally implemented by haptic feedback module  133 ; while some other operations are, optionally, implemented by event sorter  170 , event sorter  170 , event recognizer  180 , and event handler  190 . Event monitor  171  in event sorter  170  detects a contact on touch-sensitive display  112 , and event dispatcher module  174  delivers the event information to application  136 - 1 . A respective event recognizer  180  of application  136 - 1  compares the event information to respective event definitions  186 , and determines whether a first contact at a first location on the touch-sensitive surface (or whether rotation of the device) corresponds to a predefined event or sub-event, such as selection of an object on a user interface, or rotation of the device from one orientation to another. When a respective predefined event or sub-event is detected, event recognizer  180  activates an event handler  190  associated with the detection of the event or sub-event. Event handler  190  optionally uses or calls data updater  176  or object updater  177  to update the application internal state  192 . In some embodiments, event handler  190  accesses a respective GUI updater  178  to update what is displayed by the application. Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in the art how other processes can be implemented based on the components depicted in  FIGS. 1A-1B . 
     The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best use the invention and various described embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20180105
Publication Date: 20200107
Grant Date: 20200107
Priority Date: 20160906
Inventors: MOUSSETTE, Camille
GLEESON, BRIAN T.
MORRELL, JOHN B.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G06F3/04886", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1684", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/167", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1684", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/016", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/3262", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0481", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/16", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/167", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/016", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04886", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0488", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/016", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/016", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0488", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/16", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1684", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04886", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0481", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/167", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 59070198