PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-12068533-B2
Application Number: US-202017087029-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Radio frequency remote head front-end circuitry systems and methods

Abstract:
Techniques for implementing and/or operating a radio frequency system, which includes a logic board that outputs an analog electrical signal indicative of data to be wirelessly transmitted from the radio frequency system and a remote head. The remote head includes an antenna that generates an electromagnetic wave to facilitate wirelessly transmitting the data, an antenna integrated circuit implemented using a first semiconductor manufacturing technique, in which the antenna integrated circuit amplifies the analog electrical signal to generate a first amplified analog electrical signal, and a remote front-end integrated circuit coupled between the antenna integrated circuit and the antenna. The remote front-end integrated circuit is implemented using a second semiconductor manufacturing technique different from the first semiconductor manufacturing technique and amplifies the first amplified analog electrical signal based on a target output power of the antenna to generate a second amplified analog electrical signal indicative of the data.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A method of processing a signal using radio frequency circuitry, the method comprising:
 by a logic board having a first remote head at a first end and a second remote head at a second end separated from the first end: 
 outputting a first analog electrical signal indicative of first data to be wirelessly transmitted through the first remote head and selectively over a first antenna or a second antenna of the first remote head and transmitted through the first remote head via a first electrical connector; 
 amplifying, using a first power amplifier of the first remote head, the first analog electrical signal using a first antenna integrated circuit of the first remote head to generate a first amplified analog electrical signal, wherein the first antenna integrated circuit is communicatively coupled to the first antenna and the second antenna; 
 outputting a second analog electrical signal indicative of second data to be wirelessly transmitted through the second remote head and selectively over a third antenna or a fourth antenna of the second remote head and transmitted through the second remote head via a second electrical connector; and 
 amplifying, using a second power amplifier of the second remote head, the second analog electrical signal using a second antenna integrated circuit of the second remote head to generate a second amplified analog electrical signal, wherein the second antenna integrated circuit is communicatively coupled to the third antenna and the fourth antenna. 
 
     
     
       2. The method of  claim 1 , the first data and the second data having the same data. 
     
     
       3. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the first data is the same as the second data. 
     
     
       4. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the first data differs from the second data. 
     
     
       5. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the logic board is located between a first end of an electronic device and a second end of the electronic device. 
     
     
       6. The method of  claim 1 , comprising:
 determining, using control circuitry, a first target transmission power level for the first analog electrical signal; 
 applying, via the first power amplifier, a first gain level to the first analog electrical signal based at least in part on the first target transmission power level; 
 determining, using the control circuitry, a second target transmission power level for the second analog electrical signal; and 
 applying, via the second power amplifier, a second gain level to the second analog electrical signal based at least in part on the second target transmission power level. 
 
     
     
       7. The method of  claim 6 , further comprising:
 phase shifting at least one of the first amplified analog electrical signal or the second amplified analog electrical signal such that the first amplified analog electrical signal and the second amplified analog electrical signal are phase shifted relative to one another before being supplied to the first, second, third, or fourth antenna; 
 instructing the first remote head to supply the first amplified analog electrical signal to the first antenna or the second antenna; and 
 instructing the second remote head to supply the second amplified analog electrical signal to the third antenna or the fourth antenna. 
 
     
     
       8. An electronic device, comprising:
 a transceiver integrated circuit; 
 a plurality of antennas of a plurality of remote heads and configured to facilitate wirelessly transmitting data from the electronic device, receiving data wirelessly transmitted from another electronic device, or both; 
 a first antenna integrated circuit located at a first end of the electronic device and in a first remote head in the plurality of remote heads, the first antenna integrated circuit being configured to be communicatively coupled to the transceiver integrated circuit via one or more first electrical connectors, the first antenna integrated circuit having a first plurality of amplifier units configured to amplify first analog electrical signals to generate first amplified analog electrical signals communicated with a corresponding antenna of the plurality of antennas; 
 a first remote front-end integrated circuit configured to receive the first amplified analog electrical signals, the first remote front-end integrated circuit having first routing circuitry configured to selectively route the first amplified analog electrical signals among a first subset of the plurality of antennas; 
 a second antenna integrated circuit located at a second end of the electronic device remote from the first end and in a second remote head in the plurality of remote heads, the second antenna integrated circuit being configured to be communicatively coupled to the transceiver integrated circuit via one or more second electrical connectors, the second antenna integrated circuit having a second plurality of amplifier units configured to amplify second analog electrical signals to generate second amplified analog electrical signals communicated with a corresponding antenna of the plurality of antennas; and 
 a second remote front-end integrated circuit configured to receive the second amplified analog electrical signals, the second remote front-end integrated circuit having second routing circuitry configured to selectively route the second amplified analog electrical signals among a second subset of the plurality of antennas. 
 
     
     
       9. An electronic device having a radio frequency system, the radio frequency system comprising:
 a logic board located in a first part of the electronic device and configured to output an analog electrical signal via a first electrical connector, wherein the analog electrical signal is indicative of first data to be wirelessly transmitted from the radio frequency system; and 
 a remote head that is remote from the logic board and located in a second part of the electronic device, the remote head being coupled to the logic board via the first electrical connector and comprising: 
 an antenna integrated circuit configured to amplify the analog electrical signal received via the first electrical connector to generate an amplified analog electrical signal indicative of the first data; 
 a first antenna configured to generate a first electromagnetic wave to facilitate wirelessly transmitting the amplified analog electrical signal from the radio frequency system; 
 a second antenna configured to generate a second electromagnetic wave to facilitate wirelessly transmitting the amplified analog electrical signal from the radio frequency system; and 
 an antenna circuit board configured to selectively send the amplified analog electrical signal to the first antenna or the second antenna. 
 
     
     
       10. The electronic device of  claim 9 , the antenna integrated circuit comprising a power amplifier configured to apply a gain value to the analog electrical signal to generate the amplified analog electrical signal. 
     
     
       11. The electronic device of  claim 9 , wherein:
 the logic board is configured to output a second analog electrical signal via a second electrical connector, wherein the second analog electrical signal is indicative of the first data to be wirelessly transmitted from the radio frequency system; and 
 the radio frequency system having an additional remote head coupled to the logic board via the second electrical connector, the additional remote head comprising: 
 an additional antenna integrated circuit configured to amplify an additional analog electrical signal received via the second electrical connector to generate an additional amplified analog electrical signal indicative of the first data; 
 a third antenna configured to generate a third electromagnetic wave to facilitate wirelessly transmitting the additional amplified analog electrical signal from the radio frequency system; and 
 a fourth antenna configured to generate a fourth electromagnetic wave to facilitate wirelessly transmitting the first data from the radio frequency system, wherein the antenna circuit board is configured to selectively transmit the additional amplified analog electrical signal to the third antenna or the fourth antenna. 
 
     
     
       12. The electronic device of  claim 11 , further comprising phase shift circuitry configured to phase shift at least one of the amplified analog electrical signal or the additional amplified analog electrical signal such that the amplified analog electrical signal and the additional amplified analog electrical signal are phase shifted relative to one another to facilitate wirelessly transmitting the first data from the radio frequency system via the first, second, third, or fourth antenna. 
     
     
       13. The electronic device of  claim 11 , wherein the remote head is positioned at a first end of the electronic device, and the additional remote head is positioned at a second end of the electronic device remote from the first end of the electronic device. 
     
     
       14. The electronic device of  claim 13 , wherein the logic board is positioned substantially halfway between the first end of the electronic device and the second end of the electronic device. 
     
     
       15. The electronic device of  claim 9 , wherein the logic board is configured to output, via a second electrical connector coupled between the logic board and the remote head, an additional analog electrical signal indicative of second data to be wirelessly transmitted from the first antenna or the second antenna concurrently with the first data, and the antenna integrated circuit is configured to amplify the additional analog electrical signal received via the second electrical connector to generate an additional amplified analog electrical signal indicative of the second data prior to transmission from the first antenna or the second antenna. 
     
     
       16. The electronic device of  claim 9 , the logic board having a transceiver integrated circuit configured to generate an additional analog electrical signal indicative of the first data at least in part by converting a digital electrical signal indicative of the first data from a digital domain to an analog domain. 
     
     
       17. The electronic device of  claim 16 , wherein the logic board comprises a driver integrated circuit coupled between the transceiver integrated circuit and the first electrical connector, and the driver integrated circuit is configured to amplify the additional analog electrical signal received from the transceiver integrated circuit to generate the analog electrical signal indicative of the first data. 
     
     
       18. The electronic device of  claim 9 , the antenna integrated circuit having a plurality of amplifier units, the plurality of amplifier units having a power amplifier, a low noise amplifier, and one or more switching devices, the one or more switching devices configured to selectively connect one of the power amplifier and the low noise amplifier to the first antenna or the second antenna. 
     
     
       19. The electronic device of  claim 9 , wherein the radio frequency system further comprises control circuitry that is configured to:
 determine an expected transmission power of the first antenna or the second antenna of the remote head based at least in part on a magnitude of amplification of the amplified analog electrical signal; and 
 adjust a gain applied by the antenna integrated circuit in generating the amplified analog electrical signal in response to determining that the expected transmission power differs from a target transmission power by more than a difference threshold. 
 
     
     
       20. The electronic device of  claim 11 , wherein the radio frequency system further comprises control circuitry that is configured to:
 determine an expected transmission power of the third antenna or the fourth antenna of the additional remote head based at least in part on a magnitude of amplification of the additional amplified analog electrical signal; and 
 adjust a gain applied by the additional antenna integrated circuit in generating the additional amplified analog electrical signal in response to determining that the expected transmission power differs from a target transmission power by more than a difference threshold.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/368,535, entitled “RADIO FREQUENCY REMOTE HEAD FRONT-END CIRCUITRY SYSTEMS AND METHODS,” filed Mar. 28, 2019, which is a Non-Provisional patent application claiming priority to and benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/788,047, entitled “RADIO FREQUENCY REMOTE HEAD FRONT-END CIRCUITRY SYSTEMS AND METHODS,” filed Jan. 3, 2019, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     The present disclosure generally relates to radio frequency systems and, more particularly, to front-end circuitry that may be implemented in a remote head (e.g., antenna module) of a radio frequency system along with one or more antennas. 
     This section is intended to introduce the reader to various aspects of art that may be related to various aspects of the present techniques, which are described and/or claimed below. This discussion is believed to be helpful in providing the reader with background information to facilitate a better understanding of the various aspects of the present disclosure. Accordingly, it should be understood that these statements are to be read in this light, and not as admissions of prior art. 
     Electronic devices often include a radio frequency system to facilitate wireless communication with another electronic device and/or a communication network, such as a Wi-Fi network and/or a cellular network. Generally, a radio frequency system may include an antenna and front-end circuitry, for example, implemented at least in part in a transceiver integrated circuit (IC). To facilitate wirelessly transmitting data, the front-end circuitry may generate an analog representation of the data as an analog electrical signal and the antenna may modulate electromagnetic (e.g., radio) waves based at least in part on the analog electrical signal. Additionally or alternatively, the antenna may output an analog representation of received (e.g., incident) electromagnetic waves as an analog electrical signal and the front-end circuitry may process the analog electrical signal, for example, to convert the analog electrical signal into a digital electrical signal to facilitate subsequent processing. 
     However, at least in some instances, an electronic device may be implemented such that its transceiver integrated circuit is located some distance away from an antenna, for example, when its radio frequency system includes multiple antennas implemented at disparate locations in the electronic device. In such instances, one or more electrical connectors, such as a wire, a cable, a conductive trace, and/or the like, may be coupled between the transceiver integrated circuit and the antenna. However, when an electrical signal is communicated (e.g., passed or transmitted) therethrough, an electrical connector generally introduces some amount of loss on the electrical signal, for example, due to its inherent impedance. Moreover, similar to an antenna, electromagnetic waves incident on an electrical connector may induce electrical current therein, which, at least in some instances, may introduce noise in an electrical signal concurrently being communicated through the electrical connector, for example, due to the induced electrical current distorting the electrical signal. In other words, when not properly accounted for, implementing one or more electrical connectors in a radio frequency system may affect (e.g., reduce) communication reliability (e.g., stability) provided by the radio frequency system and, thus, an electronic device in which the radio frequency system is implemented. 
     SUMMARY 
     A summary of certain embodiments disclosed herein is set forth below. It should be understood that these aspects are presented merely to provide the reader with a brief summary of these certain embodiments and that these aspects are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Indeed, this disclosure may encompass a variety of aspects that may not be set forth below. 
     The present disclosure generally relates to radio frequency systems, which may be implemented in electronic devices to facilitate wireless data communication. More specifically, to facilitate improving communication reliability (e.g., stability), the present disclosure provides techniques for implementing and/or operating a remote head in a radio frequency system that includes one or more antennas. In some embodiments, a remote head may include an antenna circuit board and one or more antennas, for example, implemented using conductive material formed on a first (e.g., bottom) surface of the antenna circuit board. 
     Additionally, in some embodiments, a remote head may be coupled via one or more electrical connectors to a (e.g., main) logic board, for example, which includes a transceiver integrated circuit and/or a driver integrated circuit. In some words, in such embodiments, the one or more electrical connectors may enable the remote head and, thus, its one or more antennas to be positioned remotely from the logic board and, thus, the transceiver integrated circuit and/or the driver integrated circuit. Additionally, in such embodiments, the remote head and the logic board may communicate (e.g., analog electrical signals and/or digital electrical signals) via the one or more electrical connectors coupled therebetween. 
     However, an electrical connector generally introduces some amount of loss on an electrical signal passing therethrough, for example, due to its inherent impedance (e.g., resistance, capacitance, and/or inductance). In other words, communicating an analog electrical signal between the logic board and a remote head via one or more electrical connectors may introduce connector loss, which reduces magnitude (e.g., power) of the analog electrical signal. In fact, connector loss resulting from communication of an analog electrical signal to an antenna may reduce output power of a corresponding electromagnetic wave transmitted from the antenna, which, at least in some instances, may affect (e.g., reduce) communication reliability provided by a radio frequency system, for example, due to the actual output power differing from a target output (e.g., transmission) power and, thus, actual transmission distance different from a target transmission distance. 
     To facilitate improving communication reliability, in some embodiments, a radio frequency system may be implemented and/or operated to control output power of an antenna closer to the antenna, thereby reducing the distance an analog electrical signal, which is amplified to achieve the target output power, travels before reaching the antenna. In other words, in some embodiments, a remote head may be implemented and/or operated to control output power of one or more of its antennas. Generally, output power of an antenna is dependent on magnitude (e.g., amplitude) of an analog electrical signal supplied to the antenna. 
     Thus, to facilitate controlling output power, in some embodiments, a remote head may include one or more amplifier units, which each includes a selectively connectable transmit (e.g., power) amplifier and/or a selectively connectable receipt (low noise) amplifier. In other words, in such embodiments, a first portion of radio frequency front-end circuitry may be implemented on a transceiver-side of the one or more electrical connectors and a second portion of the radio frequency front-end circuitry may be implemented on an antenna-side of the one or more electrical connectors. Additionally, in some embodiments, the remote head may include routing circuitry, for example, which operates to route analog electrical signals between its antennas and its amplifier units and/or between its amplifier units and the one or more electrical connectors. 
     In fact, in some embodiments, routing circuitry and/or amplifier units to be included in a remote head may be implemented using one or more integrated circuit devices (e.g., chips or dies). For example, the remote head may include an antenna integrated circuit with antenna routing circuitry and one or more antenna amplifier units. Additionally or alternatively, the remote head may include a remote front-end integrated circuit with remote front-end routing circuitry and one or more remote front-end amplifier units. In other words, in some embodiments, the antenna integrated circuit and the remote front-end integrated circuit may be implemented as distinct (e.g., separate) integrated circuit devices coupled to an antenna circuit board of the remote head. 
     In some embodiments, implementing a remote head in this manner may enable the antenna integrated circuit and the transceiver integrated circuit to be implemented (e.g., manufactured) using different semiconductor manufacturing techniques, for example, which provide varying tradeoffs. As an illustrative example, the antenna integrated circuit may be implemented using bulk complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) manufacturing techniques to facilitate reducing implementation associated cost (e.g., physical footprint), for example, since bulk CMOS manufacturing techniques may be more readily available compared to other semiconductor manufacturing techniques. On the other hand, the remote front-end integrated circuit may be implemented using a different semiconductor manufacturing technique, such as a radio frequency silicon-on-insulator (RF-SOI) manufacturing technique, to facilitate improving operational efficiency and/or communication reliability, for example, since amplifiers implemented using the different semiconductor manufacturing technique may exhibit better performance (e.g., reduced power consumption and/or improved linearity) compared to amplifiers implemented using bulk CMOS manufacturing techniques. 
     In other words, more generally, implementing a remote head using multiple integrated circuit devices may enable the remote front-end integrated circuit to be implemented (e.g., manufactured) at least in part using a semiconductor manufacturing technique that provides radio frequency performance, which facilitates meeting (e.g., satisfying) system-level specifications (e.g., requirements). In particular, implementing a remote head in this manner may enable amplification (e.g., gain) applied in the remote head to be divided between its antenna integrated circuit and its remote front-end integrated circuit. For example, while a radio frequency system is operating in a transmission mode, remote front-end amplifier unit in the remote front-end integrated circuit may connect its transmission (e.g., power) amplifier, thereby enabling the remote front-end amplifier unit to (e.g., further) amplify an analog electrical signal received from the antenna integrated circuit and output the amplified analog electrical signal to an antenna. Leveraging the improved amplifier performance of the remote front-end integrated circuit, in some embodiments, a remote head may be implemented and/or operated to apply significantly more gain via its remote front-end integrated circuit compared to its antenna integrated circuit. 
     As such, in some embodiments, a remote head may be operated to control output power of one or more of its antennas at least in part by controlling (e.g., adjusting) gain applied by one or more remote front-end amplifier units in its remote front-end integrated circuit. To facilitate controlling output power, in some embodiments, the remote front-end integrated circuit may additionally include one or more power sensors, for example, each coupled to a transmit (e.g., power) amplifier in a corresponding remote front-end amplifier unit via bi-directional coupler circuitry. In other words, in some embodiments, a controller (e.g., control circuitry) of a radio frequency system may determine expected output power of the radio frequency system based at least in part on sensor data indicative of magnitude of amplified analog electrical signals output from the remote front-end amplifier units and adjust the gain to be applied by one or more of the remote front-end amplifier units when the expected output power and a target output power differ by more than a difference threshold. 
     As described above, to implement a remote head, a remote front-end integrated circuit and/or other integrated circuit devices, such as an antenna integrated circuit, may be communicatively coupled to an antenna circuit board on which one or more antennas are implemented. In this manner, a remote front-end integrated circuit and/or an antenna integrated circuit may communicate with the one or more antennas and, thus, operate to amplify analog electrical signals communicated with the one or more antennas. However, at least in some instances, different electronic devices and/or different radio frequency systems may employ different antenna configurations, for example, due to size and/or form factor constraints. 
     In some embodiments, remote heads implemented to support different antenna configurations may nevertheless include common circuitry features. To facilitate improving deployment flexibility, in some embodiments, one or more of the common circuitry features may be implemented in a system-in-package (SiP), which may be coupled to an antenna circuit board of a remote head. For example, a remote head system-in-package may include an antenna integrated circuit to be included in a remote head. Additionally or alternatively, a remote head system-in-package may include an antenna integrated circuit and a remote front-end integrated circuit. Furthermore, in some embodiments, a remote head system-in-package may include an antenna integrated circuit and two remote front-end integrated circuits. 
     In particular, in some embodiments, a system-in-package may include a SiP circuit board with pins (e.g., terminals) formed its first (e.g., bottom) surface. Additionally, the system-in-package may include one or more integrated circuit devices, such as an antenna integrated circuit and/or a remote front-end integrated circuit, coupled to a second (e.g., top) surface of the SiP circuit board. In other words, the antenna integrated circuit and/or the remote front-end integrated circuit may be communicatively coupled to the pins via conductive traces and/or vias formed in the SiP circuit board. 
     To enable communication with antennas formed on its first (e.g., bottom) surface, an antenna circuit board may include pads (e.g., terminals) formed on a second (e.g., top) surface to interface with the pins of the SiP circuit board. As such, by coupling the system-in-package to the antenna circuit board, the pins on the SiP circuit board and, thus, an antenna integrated circuit and/or a remote front-end integrated circuit coupled to the SiP circuit board may be communicatively coupled to the antennas via conductive traces and/or vias formed in the antenna circuit board. In fact, in some embodiments, the same system-in-package design may be used in remote heads implemented to support different antenna configurations, for example, merely by adjusting routing circuitry in an antenna circuit board coupled thereto. 
     In addition to improving deployment flexibility, in some embodiments, implementing an antenna integrated circuit and/or a remote front-end integrated circuit in a system-in-package may facilitate reducing implementation associated cost, for example, by enabling a reduction in physical footprint (e.g., size). In particular, in some embodiments, a system-in-package may include its own electromagnetic shielding (e.g., electromagnetic shield can) to block electromagnetic interference from reaching electrical conductive material implemented therein. At least in some instances, implementing the system-in-package with its own electromagnetic shielding may obviate implementing additional and/or separate electromagnetic shielding around the antenna circuit board and/or the remote head as a whole. In this manner, the techniques described in the present disclosure may facilitate improving implementation flexibility, implementation associated cost, communication reliability, and/or operational efficiency of radio frequency systems and, thus, electronic devices in which the radio frequency systems are deployed. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Various aspects of the present disclosure may be better understood upon reading the following detailed description and upon reference to the drawings in which: 
         FIG.  1    is a block diagram of an electronic device including a radio frequency system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  2    is an example of the electronic device of  FIG.  1   , in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  3    is another example of the electronic device of  FIG.  1   , in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  4    is another example of the electronic device of  FIG.  1   , in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  5    is another example of the electronic device of  FIG.  1   , in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  6    is block diagram of a portion of the radio frequency system of  FIG.  1    including front-end circuitry and antennas, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  7    is a block diagram of an example of the front-end circuitry of  FIG.  6    coupled to antennas implemented in multiple remote heads, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  8    is a diagrammatic representation of multiple remote heads implemented in an electronic device, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  9    is block diagram of an example of a remote head of  FIG.  7    including a remote front-end integrated circuit, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  10    is block diagram of an example of a single-band remote front-end integrated circuit, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  11    is block diagram of an example of a dual-band remote front-end integrated circuit, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  12    is a flow diagram of an example process for operating the remote front-end integrated circuit of  FIG.  9    in a transmission mode, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  13    is a flow diagram of an example process for operating the remote front-end integrated circuit of  FIG.  9    in a reception mode, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  14    is a flow diagram of an example process for implementing the remote head of  FIG.  9   , in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  15    is a side view of an example of the remote head of  FIG.  9    implemented at least in part using a system in package (SiP), in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  16    is a schematic diagram of an example of the remote head of  FIG.  9    including multiple antennas, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  17    is a schematic diagram of an example of the remote head of  FIG.  9    including two antennas, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  18    is a schematic diagram of an example of the remote head of  FIG.  9    including four antennas, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  19    is a schematic diagram of an example of the remote head of  FIG.  9    including four antennas and coupled to two external antennas, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  20    is a schematic diagram of an example of a first remote head including four antennas coupled to a second remote head including two antennas, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  21    is a schematic diagram of another example of a first remote head including four antennas coupled to a second remote head including two antennas, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; and 
         FIG.  22    is a schematic diagram of another example of a first remote head including four antennas coupled to a second remote head including two antennas, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     One or more specific embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below. These described embodiments are only examples of the presently disclosed techniques. Additionally, in an effort to provide a concise description of these embodiments, all features of an actual implementation may not be described in the specification. It should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developers&#39; specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which may vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it should be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time consuming, but may nevertheless be a routine undertaking of design, fabrication, and manufacture for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure. 
     When introducing elements of various embodiments of the present disclosure, the articles “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to mean that there are one or more of the elements. The terms “comprising,” “including,” and “having” are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements other than the listed elements. Additionally, it should be understood that references to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” of the present disclosure are not intended to be interpreted as excluding the existence of additional embodiments that also incorporate the recited features. 
     The present disclosure generally relates to radio frequency systems, which may be implemented in electronic devices to facilitate wireless communication. For example, a radio frequency system may facilitate wireless data communication between electronic devices. Additionally or alternatively, a radio frequency system may facilitate wireless data communication between an electronic device and a communication network, such as a Bluetooth network, a Wi-Fi network, and/or a cellular (e.g., LTE, 5G, or millimeter wave) network. 
     Different types of communication networks often utilize different communication protocols and/or different communication (e.g., transmission and/or reception) frequencies (e.g., bands or channels). For example, a long-term evolution (LTE) communication network may utilize a lower communication frequency, such as an 850 MHz band, a 1900 MHz band, and/or a 2100 MHz band. On the other hand, a millimeter wave (mmWave) communication network (e.g., a 5G mmWave communication network) may utilize a higher communication frequency, such as a 28 GHz band (e.g., 24.25-29.5 GHz), a 38 GHz band (e.g., 37-43.5 GHz), and/or a 60 GHz band (e.g., 54-71 GHz). Additionally or alternatively, a millimeter wave communication network may support signal polarization, for example, to enable a first data stream to be communicated using horizontal polarization and a second (e.g., different) data stream to be concurrently communicated using vertical polarization. 
     Nevertheless, to facilitate wireless communication, radio frequency systems generally include at least one antenna and front-end circuitry, for example, implemented at least in part in a transceiver integrated circuit (IC). As such, operation of radio frequency systems to wirelessly communicate data may be generally similar. For example, based at least in part on received (e.g., incident) electromagnetic (e.g., radio) waves corresponding with first data, an antenna implemented in a radio frequency system may output an analog representation of the first data to front-end circuitry of the radio frequency system as a first analog electrical signal. Based at least in part on the first analog electrical signal, the front-end circuitry may generate a digital representation of the first data as a first digital electrical signal, thereby wirelessly receiving the first data. 
     Additionally or alternatively, to wirelessly transmit second data, a radio frequency system may supply a digital representation of the second data to its front-end circuitry as a second digital electrical signal. Based at least in part on the second digital electrical signal, the front-end circuitry may generate an analog representation of the second data as a second analog electrical signal. An antenna coupled to the front-end circuitry may then modulate electromagnetic (e.g., radio) waves based at least in part on the second analog electrical signal, thereby wirelessly transmitting the second data. 
     Generally, output (e.g., transmission) power of an electromagnetic wave transmitted from an antenna may be dependent on magnitude (e.g., power) of a corresponding analog electrical signal supplied to the antenna. For example, output power of the electromagnetic wave transmitted from the antenna may increase as the magnitude of the analog electrical signal supplied to the antenna increases. Additionally, an electromagnetic wave generally loses power the farther it propagates (e.g., travels). In other words, the output power of electromagnetic waves transmitted from a radio frequency system may affect transmission distance and, thus at least in some instances, communication reliability (e.g., stability) provided by the radio frequency system. 
     To facilitate improving communication reliability, front-end circuitry in a radio frequency system may operate to amplify analog electrical signals, for example, before the analog electrical signals are used to transmit corresponding electromagnetic waves and/or before the analog electrical signals are converted into corresponding digital electrical signals. For example, the front-end circuitry may include one or more amplifier units, which each includes a selectively connectable transmit (e.g., power) amplifier and a selectively connectable receipt (e.g., low noise) amplifier. In other words, an amplifier unit implemented in the front-end circuitry may amplify analog electrical signals output from an antenna when its receipt amplifier is connected and amplify analog electrical signals to be supplied to the antenna when its transmit amplifier is connected. 
     However, operating an amplifier to amplify an analog electrical signal generally consumes electrical power and, thus, affects operational efficiency of the radio frequency system. In fact, the amount of electrical power consumed generally increase as the gain (e.g., amount of amplification) applied to analog electrical signals increases. In other words, at least in some instances, amplification applied by front-end circuitry of a radio frequency system may result in a tradeoff between communication reliability and operational efficiency (e.g., power consumption) of the radio frequency system and, thus, an electronic device in which the radio frequency system is deployed. 
     Accordingly, to facilitate optimizing (e.g., balancing) communication reliability and operational efficiency, the present disclosure describes techniques for implementing and/or operating a radio frequency system with multiple antennas, which may be positioned at disparate locations in an electronic device. For example, the radio frequency system may include a first antenna positioned at a first (e.g., top) end of an electronic device and a second antenna positioned at a second (e.g., bottom or opposite) end of the electronic device. Additionally or alternatively, the radio frequency system may include a third antenna positioned along a first (e.g., front glass) surface of the electronic device while the first antenna and/or the second antenna are positioned along a second (e.g., back glass or opposite) surface of the electronic device. 
     Moreover, in some embodiments, multiple antennas in a radio frequency system may be implemented to enable communication with the same type of communication network. For example, the first antenna, the second antenna, and the third antenna may each be implemented to enable wireless data communication with a millimeter wave communication network. Thus, in some embodiments, the radio frequency system may communicate with a communication network via a subset of antennas, which, at least in some instances, may facilitate improving or at least maintaining communication reliability while reducing power consumption. For example, when the first antenna is more obstructed from a millimeter wave communication network (e.g., by a user&#39;s hand), the radio frequency system may communicate with the millimeter wave communication network via the second antenna and/or the third antenna instead of simply increasing amplification applied by its front-end circuitry to overcome the obstruction to wireless data communication via the first antenna. 
     As described above, front-end circuitry in a radio frequency system may be implemented at least in part in a transceiver integrated circuit (e.g., device, chip, or die). For example, the transceiver integrated circuit (IC) may include an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and/or a digital-to-analog converter (DAC). However, when a radio frequency system includes multiple antennas positioned at disparate locations, in some embodiments, its transceiver integrated circuit and, thus, a (e.g., main) logic board on which the transceiver integrated circuit is implemented may be separated from one or more of its antennas by some distance. In other words, in such embodiments, the one or more antennas may be remote from the logic board and, thus, circuitry implemented on the logic board. 
     To facilitate positioning an antenna remotely in an electronic device, in some embodiments, the antenna may be implemented in a remote head (e.g., antenna module or unit). For example, a remote head may include an antenna circuit board, such as a printed circuit board (PCB), and one or more antennas implemented using conductive material formed on the antenna circuit board. In other words, in some embodiments, a radio frequency system may include multiple remote heads positioned at disparate locations in the electronic device. For example, a first remote head including the first antenna may be positioned at the first (e.g., top) end of the electronic device and a second remote head including the second antenna may be positioned at the second (e.g., bottom or opposite) end of the electronic device. Additionally or alternatively, a third remote head including the third antenna may be positioned along the first (e.g., front or cover glass) surface of the electronic device while the first remote head and/or the second remote head are positioned along the second (e.g., back glass or opposite) surface of the electronic device. 
     To facilitate further improving communication reliability, in some embodiments, a remote head may include multiple antennas, for example, to facilitate implementing an antenna array. As an illustrative example, in some embodiments, the first remote head and/or the second remote head may each include four antennas. Additionally or alternatively, the second remote head and/or the third remote head may each include two antennas. In some embodiments, implementing an antenna array in a radio frequency system may facilitate improving communication reliability by enabling the radio frequency system to implement beam forming techniques, for example, by supplying phase shifted versions of an analog electrical signal to different antennas in the antenna array such that additive and/or destructive interference in resulting electromagnetic waves produce one or more electromagnetic wave beams (e.g., concentrated strength) oriented in a target direction (e.g., cell tower or access point). 
     As described above, in some embodiments, a remote head and, thus, an antenna of the remote head may be separated from a (e.g., main) logic board and, thus, a transceiver integrated circuit implemented on the logic board by some distance. Accordingly, in such embodiments, one or more electrical connectors (e.g., conductive traces, wires, and/or cables) may be coupled between the transceiver integrated circuit and the antenna. For example, when the first remote head and the second remote head are positioned at opposite ends of an electronic device, the logic board including the transceiver integrated circuit may be positioned at a more central location in the electronic device. Additionally, the logic board and, thus, the transceiver integrated circuit may be communicatively coupled to the first remote head via a first one or more electrical connectors and communicatively coupled to the second remote head via a second one or more electrical connectors. 
     However, an electrical connector generally introduces some amount of loss on an electrical signal passing therethrough, for example, due to its inherent impedance (e.g., resistance, capacitance, and/or inductance). In other words, communicating an analog electrical signal between the transceiver integrated circuit and an antenna via one or more electrical connectors may introduce connector loss, which reduces magnitude (e.g., power) of the analog electrical signal. In fact, connector loss resulting from communication of an analog electrical signal to an antenna may reduce output power of a corresponding electromagnetic wave transmitted from the antenna, which, at least in some instances, may affect (e.g., reduce) communication reliability provided by the radio frequency system, for example, due to the actual output power differing from a target output (e.g., transmission) power and, thus, actual transmission distance different from a target transmission distance. 
     To facilitate improving communication reliability, in some embodiments, a radio frequency system may be implemented and/or operated to control output power of an antenna closer to the antenna, thereby reducing the distance an analog electrical signal, which is amplified to achieve a target output power, travels before reaching the antenna. To amplify analog electrical signals, as described above, front-end circuitry may include one or more amplifier units, which each includes a selectively connectable transmit (e.g., power) amplifier and/or a selectively connectable receipt (e.g., low noise) amplifier. Additionally, as described above, one or more antennas may be implemented in a remote head. 
     Accordingly, to facilitate controlling output power closer to an antenna, in some embodiments, one or more amplifier units may be implemented in a corresponding remote head. As described above, in some embodiments, a remote head may include an antenna circuit board, such as a printed circuit board (PCB), and one or more antennas implemented by conductive material formed on the antenna circuit board. In such embodiments, one or more amplifier units and/or other front-end circuitry, such as routing circuitry and/or phase shift circuitry, may be implemented in one or more integrated circuit devices (e.g., chips or dies) coupled to a (e.g., top) surface of the antenna circuit board. In other words, in such embodiments, the one or more integrated circuit devices and, thus, the remote head may be implemented at least in part using one or more semiconductor manufacturing techniques. 
     Generally, different semiconductor manufacturing techniques may provide varying tradeoffs. For example, an integrated circuit implemented using bulk complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) manufacturing techniques may be suitable for processing digital electrical signals, suitable for routing analog electrical signals, and/or more readily available compared to integrated circuits implemented using other semiconductor manufacturing techniques, such as a radio frequency (RF) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) manufacturing technique, a gallium arsenide (GaA) manufacturing technique, a silicon-germanium (SiGe) BiCMOS manufacturing technique, a gallium nitride (GaN) manufacturing technique, another embedded passive manufacturing technique, or a surface mounted technology (SMT) manufacturing technique. However, an integrated circuit implemented using other semiconductor manufacturing techniques may provide better amplifier performance (e.g., improved linearity and/or reduced power consumption), but increase implementation associated cost (e.g., physical footprint) compared to integrated circuits implemented using bulk CMOS manufacturing techniques, for example, due to the addition of one or more embedded passive layers and/or the availability of alternative semiconductor materials (e.g., gallium arsenide and/or gallium nitride) compared to silicon. 
     Leveraging the tradeoffs, in some embodiments, front-end circuitry in a radio frequency system may be implemented using multiple different semiconductor manufacturing techniques. In other words, in some embodiments, front-end circuitry on a transceiver-side of an electrical connector may be implemented using multiple integrated circuit devices (e.g., chips or dies). For example, front-end circuitry implemented on the (e.g., main) logic board may include a transceiver integrated circuit, which is implemented using a first semiconductor manufacturing technique, and a driver integrated circuit, which is implemented at least in part using a second (e.g., different) semiconductor manufacturing technique. Additionally or alternatively, front-end circuitry on an antenna-side of an electrical connector may be implemented using multiple integrated circuits devices (e.g., chips or dies). For example, in addition to one or more antennas, a remote head may include an antenna integrated circuit (IC), which is implemented using a first semiconductor manufacturing technique, and a remote front-end integrated circuit, which is implementing at least in part using a second (e.g., different) semiconductor manufacturing technique. 
     In some embodiments, an antenna integrated circuit may include routing circuitry implemented and/or operated to route analog electrical signals. For example, the routing circuitry may include one or more switching devices, filtering circuitry, splitter circuitry, and/or combiner circuitry. As described above, bulk CMOS integrated circuits may be suitable for routing analog electrical signals. Thus, in some embodiments, the antenna integrated circuit may be implemented using bulk CMOS manufacturing techniques to facilitate reducing implementation associated cost, such as component count, physical footprint, and/or manufacturing steps. 
     Additionally, in some embodiments, an antenna integrated circuit may include one or more amplifier units. However, as described above, at least in some instances, an amplifier implemented using bulk CMOS manufacturing techniques may exhibit worse amplifier performance (e.g., linearity and/or power consumption) compared to an amplifier implemented using other semiconductor manufacturing techniques. Thus, to facilitate improving operational efficiency (e.g., reducing power consumption), one or more amplifier units may be included in the remote front-end integrated circuit and implemented at least in part using a semiconductor manufacturing technique other than the bulk CMOS manufacturing technique, such as a radio frequency silicon-on-insulator (RF-SOI) manufacturing technique. 
     In other embodiments, the remote front-end integrated circuit and the antenna integrated circuit of a remote head may be implemented in part using the same semiconductor manufacturing technique. For example, a first portion of the remote front-end integrated circuit may be also be implemented using bulk CMOS manufacturing techniques and, thus, include a bulk CMOS die. To facilitate improving radio frequency performance, a second portion of the remote front-end integrated circuit may include an embedded passive and/or a surface mounted device (SMD) or component coupled to the bulk CMOS die. 
     In other words, more generally, implementing a remote head using multiple integrated circuit devices may enable the remote front-end integrated circuit to be implemented (e.g., manufactured) at least in part using a semiconductor manufacturing technique that provides radio frequency performance, which facilitates meeting (e.g., satisfying) system-level specifications (e.g., requirements). In particular, implementing a remote head in this manner may enable amplification (e.g., gain) applied in the remote head to be divided between its antenna integrated circuit and its remote front-end integrated circuit. For example, while the radio frequency system is operating in a reception mode, an amplifier unit in the remote front-end integrated circuit may connect its receipt (e.g., low noise) amplifier, thereby enabling the remote front-end amplifier unit to amplify an analog electrical signal received from an antenna and output the amplified analog electrical signal to the antenna integrated circuit (e.g., for further amplification). 
     On the other hand, while the radio frequency system is operating in a transmission mode, an amplifier unit in the remote front-end integrated circuit may connect its transmission (e.g., power) amplifier, thereby enabling the remote front-end amplifier unit to (e.g., further) amplify an analog electrical signal received from the antenna integrated circuit and output the amplified analog electrical signal to an antenna. Leveraging the improved amplifier performance of the remote front-end integrated circuit, in some embodiments, a remote head may be implemented and/or operated to apply significantly more gain via its remote front-end integrated circuit compared to its antenna integrated circuit. For example, while the radio frequency system is operating in the transmission mode, the gain applied in the remote front-end integrated circuit may be one or more orders of magnitude greater than the gain applied in the antenna integrated circuit. 
     As such, in some embodiments, a remote head may be operated to control output power of a radio frequency system at least in part by controlling (e.g., adjusting) gain applied by one or more amplifier units in its remote front-end integrated circuit. For example, the remote head may increase output power by increasing the gain applied by one or more of its remote front-end amplifier units. On the other hand, the remote head may decrease output power by decreasing the gain applied by one or more of its remote front-end amplifier units. 
     In some embodiments, each amplifier unit in a radio frequency system may be dedicated to amplifying (e.g., applying gain to) analog electrical signals communicated with a specific antenna. In other words, in such embodiments, a remote-front end integrated circuit coupled to multiple antennas may include multiple amplifier units. For example, the remote front-end integrated circuit may include a first remote front-end amplifier unit dedicated to amplifying analog electrical signals communicated with a first antenna and a second remote front-end amplifier unit dedicated to amplifying analog electrical signals communicated with a second antenna. 
     Additionally, in some embodiments, each amplifier unit in a radio frequency system may be dedicated to amplifying analog electrical signals communicated via a specific data stream. As described above, in some embodiments, a radio frequency system may be implemented to enable concurrently (e.g., substantially simultaneously) communicating multiple data streams via an antenna, for example, by communicating a first data stream via horizontal polarization and a second data stream via vertical polarization. In other words, when implemented to enable concurrent communication of multiple data streams via an antenna, a remote-front end integrated circuit in a remote head may include a set of multiple remote front-end amplifier units each dedicated to amplifying an analog electrical signal communicated with the antenna. Moreover, when implemented to enable concurrent communication of multiple data streams via multiple antennas, a remote-front end integrated circuit in a remote head may include multiple sets of remote front-end amplifier units each dedicated to amplifying analog electrical signals communicated with a corresponding antenna. 
     To help illustrate, continuing with the above example, the first remote front-end amplifier unit and the second remote front-end amplifier unit may each be dedicated to amplifying analog electrical signals in a first data stream. To enable concurrently communicating a second data stream via the first antenna, a first set of remote-front end amplifier units in the remote-front end integrated circuit may include the first remote front-end amplifier unit and a third remote front-end amplifier unit dedicated to amplifying analog electrical signals in the second data stream communicated with the first antenna. Additionally or alternatively, to enable concurrently communicating the second data stream via the second antenna, a second set of remote-front end amplifier units in the remote-front end integrated circuit may include the second remote front-end amplifier unit and a fourth remote front-end amplifier unit dedicated to amplifying analog electrical signals in the second data stream communicated with the second antenna. 
     Furthermore, in some embodiments, each amplifier unit in a radio frequency system may be dedicated to amplifying a specific frequency component (e.g., band, spectrum, or range) of analog electrical signals. In other words, when implemented to enable concurrent communication of multiple frequency bands via an antenna, a remote-front end integrated circuit in a remote head may include a set of multiple remote front-end amplifier units each dedicated to amplifying an analog electrical signal communicated with the antenna. Moreover, when implemented to enable concurrent communication of frequency bands via multiple antennas, a remote-front end integrated circuit in a remote head may include multiple sets of remote front-end amplifier units each dedicated to amplifying an analog electrical signal communicated with a corresponding antenna. 
     To help illustrate, continuing with the above example, the first remote front-end amplifier unit and the third remote front-end amplifier unit included in the first set of remote front-end amplifier units may each be dedicated to amplifying analog electrical signals in a first (e.g., 28 GHz or 24.25-29.5 GHz) frequency band. To enable concurrently communicating the first frequency band and a second (e.g., 39 GHz, 37-43.5 GHz, 60 GHz, or 54-71 GHz) frequency band via the first antenna, the first set of remote-front end amplifier units may additionally include a fifth remote front-end amplifier unit dedicated to amplifying analog electrical signals in the second frequency band of the first data stream and a sixth remote front-end amplifier unit dedicated to amplifying analog electrical signals in the second frequency band of the second data stream. Additionally or alternatively, to enable concurrently communicating the first frequency band and the second frequency band via the second antenna, the second set of remote-front end amplifier units may additionally include a seventh remote front-end amplifier unit dedicated to amplifying analog electrical signals in the second frequency band of the first data stream and an eighth remote front-end amplifier unit dedicated to amplifying analog electrical signals in the second frequency band of the second data stream. 
     In addition to remote front-end amplifier units, to facilitate controlling output power, in some embodiments, a remote front-end integrated circuit may include one or more sensors, such as a temperature sensor and/or a power (e.g., voltage or current) sensor (e.g., detector), and routing circuitry, such as bi-directional coupler circuitry. For example, first bi-directional coupler circuitry may be implemented such that a first input terminal is connected to the output of a first transmit amplifier in the first remote front-end amplifier unit, a first output terminal is connected to the output of the first remote front-end amplifier unit, a first coupled terminal is connected to a first power sensor (e.g., detector), and a first isolated terminal is selectively connected to the second remote front-end amplifier unit. Additionally or alternative, second bi-directional coupler circuitry may be implemented such that a second input terminal is connected to the output of the second transmit amplifier in the second remote front-end amplifier unit, a second output terminal is connected to the output of the second remote front-end amplifier unit, a second coupled terminal is connected to a second power sensor, and a second isolated terminal is selectively connected to the first remote front-end amplifier unit. 
     As described above, to implement a remote head, a remote front-end integrated circuit and/or other integrated circuit devices, such as an antenna integrated circuit, may be coupled to a corresponding antenna circuit board on which one or more antennas are implemented. In this manner, a remote front-end integrated circuit and/or an antenna integrated circuit may be communicatively coupled to the one or more antennas and, thus, operate to amplify analog electrical signals communicated with the one or more antennas. For example, while a radio frequency system is operating in the reception mode, the remote front-end integrated circuit may amplify an analog electrical signal received from the one or more antennas and output the amplified analog electrical signal to the antenna integrated circuit. On the other hand, while the radio frequency system is operating in the transmission mode, the remote front-end integrated circuit may amplify an analog electrical signal received from the antenna integrated circuit and output the amplified analog electrical signal to the one or more antennas. 
     However, at least in some instances, different electronic devices and/or different radio frequency systems may employ different antenna configurations, for example, due to size and/or form factor constraints. As an illustrative example, a larger electronic device may have more available space within its housing and, thus, may include more antennas compared to a smaller electronic device, for example, to facilitate improving cellular coverage and/or communication reliability. In fact, in some embodiments, remote heads in the same electronic device may employ different antenna configurations. For example, the first remote head may include four antennas while the third remote head includes two antennas. Furthermore, in some embodiments, a radio frequency system may include one or more standalone (e.g., external) antennas, for example, coupled to a remote head that includes its own (e.g., internal) one or more antennas. 
     To facilitate improving deployment flexibility, in some embodiments, one or more integrated circuit devices to be coupled to an antenna circuit board may be implemented in a system-in-package (SiP), which supports multiple different antenna configurations. In some embodiments, a system-in-package may include a SiP circuit board, such as a printed circuit board (PCB), with pins (e.g., terminals) formed on a first (e.g., bottom) surface of the SiP circuit board. Additionally, the system-in-package may include one or more integrated circuit devices, such as an antenna integrated circuit and/or a remote front-end integrated circuit, coupled to a second (e.g., top) surface of the SiP circuit board. In other words, the antenna integrated circuit and/or the remote front-end integrated circuit may be communicatively coupled to the pins via conductive traces and/or vias formed in the SiP circuit board. 
     To enable communication with its antennas formed on a first (e.g., bottom) surface, an antenna circuit board may include pads (e.g., terminals) formed on a second (e.g., top) surface to interface with the pins formed on the SiP circuit board. As such, by coupling the system-in-package to the antenna circuit board, the pins on the SiP circuit board and, thus, an antenna integrated circuit and/or a remote front-end integrated circuit coupled to the SiP circuit board may be communicatively coupled to the antennas via conductive traces and/or vias formed in the antenna circuit board. In other words, in some embodiments, a system-in-package may support multiple different antenna configurations merely by adjusting routing circuitry in an antenna circuit board coupled thereto. 
     To help illustrate, a remote head may include an antenna integrated circuit and multiple (e.g., two, three, or more) antennas. In some embodiments, the antennas may be directly coupled to the antenna integrated circuit. Accordingly, in such embodiments, the antenna integrated circuit may be implemented and/or operated to amplify analog electrical signals communicated with each of the multiple antennas. However, as described above, due at least in part to the semiconductor manufacturing technique used to implement an antenna integrated circuit, in some embodiments, gain (e.g., amplification) applied by the antenna integrated circuit and, thus, resulting output power may be limited. 
     To facilitate leveraging tradeoffs between different semiconductor manufacturing techniques, in some embodiments, the remote head may include a (e.g., first) remote front-end integrated circuit coupled between its antenna integrated circuit and one or more (e.g., a first subset) of its antennas. For example, in some embodiments, the remote head may include two antennas coupled to the remote front-end integrated circuit. Accordingly, in such embodiments, the remote front-end integrated circuit may be implemented and/or operated to amplify analog electrical signals communicated with each of the two antennas. 
     To facilitate increasing the number of antennas, in some embodiments, a remote head may be implemented with multiple remote front-end integrated circuits. In other words, in such embodiments, the remote head may additionally include a second remote front-end integrated circuit coupled between its antenna integrated circuit and a second subset of its antennas. For example, the remote head may include another two antennas coupled to the second remote front-end integrated circuit and, thus, the second remote front-end integrated circuit may be implemented and/or operated to amplify analog electrical signals communicated with each of the other two antennas. In fact, in some embodiments, a system-in-package including an antenna integrated circuit and a single remote front-end integrated circuit may be used to implement a remote head with multiple remote front-end integrated circuits, for example, by coupling the system-in-package along with one or more additional remote front-end integrated circuits to an antenna board of the remote head. 
     Furthermore, in some embodiments, a remote head may be implemented and/or operated to amplify analog electrical signals communicated with an antenna on a different remote head. For example, a first remote head may be coupled to a second remote head via one or more electrical connectors. In some embodiments, the first remote head may include a first terminal, a first antenna integrated circuit, a first remote front-end integrated circuit, a second remote front-end integrated circuit, two antennas coupled to the first remote front-end integrated circuit, and another two antennas coupled to the second remote frontend integrated circuit. In other words, in such embodiments, the first remote front-end integrated circuit may be implemented and/or operated to amplify analog electrical signals communicated with two of the antennas while the second remote front-end integrated circuit may be implemented and/or operated to amplify analog electrical signals communicated with the other two antennas. 
     On the other hand, in some embodiments, the second remote head may include a second antenna integrated circuit, a third remote front-end integrated circuit, two antennas coupled to the third remote front-end integrated circuit, and a second terminal, which may be coupled to the first terminal of the first remote head. In other words, in such embodiments, the third remote front-end integrated circuit may be implemented and/or operated to amplify analog electrical signals communicated with the two antenna on the second remote head. Additionally, in some embodiments, the first terminal on the first remote head and the second terminal on the second remote head may be communicatively coupled via one or more electrical connectors (e.g., flex cables). As such, in some embodiments, analog electrical signals communicated with the two of the antennas on the second remote head may be routed through the first remote head. 
     Moreover, in some embodiments, different remote heads may be operated to produce differing output powers, for example, to facilitate overcoming differing propagation losses experienced by the remote heads and/or due to the remote heads including differing number of antennas. For example, a first remote head may include a first terminal, a first antenna integrated circuit, and four antennas directly coupled to the first antenna integrated circuit. On the other hand, a second remote head coupled to the first remote head may include a second antenna integrated circuit, a remote front-end integrated circuit, two antennas coupled to the remote front-end integrated circuit, and a second terminal, which may be coupled to the first terminal of the first remote head. 
     In other words, in some embodiments, the remote front-end integrated circuit of the second remote head may implemented and/or operated to amplify analog electrical signals communicated with the two antennas on the second remote head. On the other hand, the analog electrical signals communicated with the four antennas on the first remote head may be amplified via the first antenna integrated circuit. Due at least in part to tradeoffs resulting from differing semiconductor manufacturing techniques, in some embodiments, the second remote head may be implemented and/or operated to produce higher output powers compared to the first remote head. 
     As described above, in some embodiments, the first terminal on the first remote head and the second terminal on the second remote head may be communicatively coupled via one or more electrical connectors and, thus, analog electrical signals communicated with the antennas on the second remote head may be routed through the first remote head. In particular, in some embodiments, the analog electrical signals communicated with the antennas on the second remote head may be routed through the first antenna integrated circuit on the first remote head, which, at least in some instances, may obviate the second integrated circuit on the second remote head. In other words, in such embodiments, the second remote head may be implemented without the second antenna integrated circuit, which, at least in some instances may facilitate reducing implementation associated cost, such as physical footprint and/or component count. 
     Moreover, in some embodiments, a remote head may be implemented to amplify analog electrical signals communicated with one or more standalone (e.g., external) antennas. For example, a remote head may be connected to two standalone antennas. In some embodiments, the remote head may include a terminal, an antenna integrated circuit, four antennas coupled to the antenna integrated circuit, and a remote front-end integrated circuit coupled between the antenna integrated circuit and the terminal. 
     Additionally, in some embodiments, the terminal on the remote head may be communicatively coupled to the standalone antennas via one or more electrical connectors (e.g., flex cables). In other words, in some embodiments, analog electrical signals communicated with the standalone antennas may be routed through the remote head. In particular, in such embodiments, the remote front-end integrated circuit in the remote head may be implemented and/or operated to amplify analog electrical signals communicated with the standalone antennas. On the other hand, the analog electrical signal communicated with the four antennas on the remote head may be amplified via the antenna integrated circuit. Due at least in part to tradeoffs resulting from different semiconductor manufacturing techniques, in some embodiments, the remote head may be implemented and/or operated to produce higher output powers from the standalone antennas compared to its own antennas. 
     As illustrated by the above examples, different antenna configurations may utilize remote heads with common circuitry features. To facilitate improving deployment flexibility, in some embodiments, one or more of the common circuitry features may be implemented in a system-in-package. For example, a remote head system-in-package may include an antenna integrated circuit to be included in a remote head. Additionally or alternatively, a remote head system-in-package may include an antenna integrated circuit and a remote front-end integrated circuit. Furthermore, in some embodiments, a remote head system-in-package may include an antenna integrated circuit and two remote front-end integrated circuits. In this manner, the same system-in-package design may be used to implement remote heads deployed in different antenna configurations. In other words, in some embodiments, different remote heads may each include an instance of a remote head system-in-package implemented using a common (e.g., the same) system-in-package design. 
     In addition to improving implementation flexibility, in some embodiments, implementing an antenna integrated circuit and/or a remote front-end integrated circuit in a system-in-package may facilitate reducing implementation associated cost, for example, by enabling a reduction in physical footprint (e.g., size). In particular, in some embodiments, a system-in-package may include its own electromagnetic shielding (e.g., electromagnetic shield can) to block electromagnetic interference from reaching electrical conductive material implemented therein. At least in some instances, implementing the system-in-package with its own electromagnetic shielding may obviate implementing additional and/or separate electromagnetic shielding around the antenna circuit board and/or the remote head as a whole. 
     In this manner, the techniques described in the present disclosure may facilitate improving implementation flexibility and/or implementation associated cost of radio frequency systems, for example, via a remote head system-in-package that includes circuitry features common between different antenna configurations, thereby enabling the same system-in-package design to be used to implement remote heads in the different antenna configurations. Moreover, the techniques described in the present disclosure may facilitate improving communication reliability and/or operational efficiency of radio frequency systems, for example, by enabling antennas to be positioned at disparate locations in an electronic device and/or enabling output power of an antenna to be controlled closer to the antenna. In other words, as will be described in more detail below, the techniques described in the present disclosure may facilitate improving implementation flexibility, implementation associated cost, communication reliability, and/or operational efficiency of radio frequency systems and, thus, electronic devices in which the radio frequency systems are deployed. 
     To help illustrate, an example of an electronic device  10 , which includes a radio frequency system  12 , is shown in  FIG.  1   . As will be described in more detail below, the electronic device  10  may be any suitable electronic device, such as a computer, a mobile (e.g., portable) phone, a portable media device, a tablet device, a television, a handheld game platform, a personal data organizer, a virtual-reality headset, a mixed-reality headset, a vehicle dashboard, and/or the like. Thus, it should be noted that  FIG.  1    is merely one example of a particular implementation and is intended to illustrate the types of components that may be present in an electronic device  10 . 
     As depicted, in addition to the radio frequency system  12 , the electronic device  10  includes one or more input devices  14 , one or more input/output ports  16 , a processor core complex  18 , one or more storage devices  20 , a power source  22 , memory  24 , and an electronic display  26 . The various components described in  FIG.  1    may include hardware elements (e.g., circuitry), software elements (e.g., a tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions), or a combination of both hardware and software elements. It should be noted that the various depicted components may be combined into fewer components or separated into additional components. For example, the memory  24  and a storage device  20  may be included in a single memory or storage component. 
     As depicted, the processor core complex  18  is operably coupled with memory  24  and the storage device  20 . In this manner, the processor core complex  18  may execute instruction stored in memory  24  and/or the storage device  20  to perform operations, such as instructing the radio frequency system  12  to communicate with another electronic device  10  and/or a communication network. As such, the processor core complex  18  may include one or more general purpose microprocessors, one or more application specific processors (ASICs), one or more field programmable logic arrays (FPGAs), or any combination thereof. 
     In addition to instructions, the memory  24  and/or the storage device  20  may store data to be processed by the processor core complex  18 . Thus, in some embodiments, the memory and/or the storage device  20  may include one or more tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable mediums. For example, the memory  24  may include random access memory (RAM) and the storage device  20  may include read only memory (ROM), rewritable non-volatile memory, such as flash memory, a hard drive, an optical disc, and/or the like. 
     As depicted, the processor core complex  18  is also operably coupled with the I/O ports  16 . In some embodiments, the I/O ports  16  may enable the electronic device  10  to interface with other electronic devices  10 . For example, a portable storage device may be connected to an I/O port  16 , thereby enabling the processor core complex  18  to communicate with the portable storage device. 
     Additionally, as depicted, the processor core complex  18  is operably coupled to the power source  22 . In this manner, the power source  22  may provide electrical power to the processor core complex  18 , for example, as well as one or more other components in the electronic device  10 , such as the radio frequency system  12 . Thus, the power source  22  may include any suitable energy source, such as a rechargeable lithium polymer (Li-poly) battery and/or an alternating current (AC) power converter. 
     Furthermore, as depicted, the processor core complex  18  is operably coupled with the input devices  14 . In some embodiments, an input device  14  may facilitate user interaction with the electronic device  10 , for example, by receiving user inputs and communicating the user inputs to the processor core complex  18 . Thus, in some embodiments, the input devices  14  may include a button, a keyboard, a mouse, a trackpad, and/or the like. Additionally, in some embodiments, the input devices  14  may include touch sensing components implemented in the electronic display  26 . In such embodiments, the touch sensing components may receive user inputs by detecting occurrence and/or position of an object contacting the surface of the electronic display  26 . 
     In addition to enabling user inputs, the electronic display  26  may display images, such as a graphical user interface (GUI) for an operating system, an application interface, a still image, or video content. As depicted, the electronic display  26  is operably coupled to the processor core complex  18 . As such, in some embodiments, the electronic display  26  may display images based at least in part on image data received from the processor core complex  18 . 
     As depicted, the processor core complex  18  is also operably coupled with the radio frequency system  12 . As described above, the radio frequency system  12  may facilitate wirelessly communication with another electronic device  10  and/or a communication network. For example, the radio frequency system  12  may enable the electronic device  10  to communicate with a personal area network (PAN), such as a Bluetooth network, a local area network (LAN), such as an 802.11x Wi-Fi network, and/or a wide area network (WAN), such as an LTE or a millimeter wave (mmWave) cellular network. In other words, the radio frequency system  12  may enable wirelessly communicating data using various communication protocols. 
     Even when using different communication protocols and/or different communication frequencies, operational principles of radio frequency systems  12  may generally be similar. For example, the radio frequency system  12  may convert a digital electrical signal, which digitally represents a (e.g., data) packet to be wirelessly transmitted, into an analog electrical signal, thereby generating an analog representation of the packet. Additionally, the radio frequency system  12  may amplify the analog electrical signal to a target output (e.g., transmission) power, thereby generating an amplified analog electrical signal, for example, after converting the analog electrical signal from a processing (e.g., intermediate or baseband) frequency to a target communication (e.g., transmission and/or reception) frequency. Based at least in part on the amplified analog electrical signal, the radio frequency system  12  may modulate electromagnetic waves at a radio frequency, thereby wirelessly transmitting the packet via an electromagnetic wave signal. 
     Additionally or alternatively, the radio frequency system  12  may generate an analog electrical signal modulated based at part on power of received (e.g., incident) electromagnetic waves, thereby indicating a wirelessly received packet via an analog electrical signal. Since received electromagnetic waves often include electromagnetic interference, the radio frequency system  12  may filter and/or amplify the analog electrical radio frequency signals. Furthermore, to facilitate subsequent processing, the radio frequency system  12  may convert the analog electrical signal from the communication (e.g., transmission and/or reception) frequency to a processing (e.g., intermediate or baseband) frequency and/or to a digital electrical signal. Due to similarities in operational principles, the techniques described herein may be applicable to any suitable radio frequency system  12  regardless of communication protocol or communication frequency. 
     As described above, the electronic device  10  may be any suitable electronic device. To help illustrate, one example of a suitable electronic device  10 , specifically a handheld electronic device  10 A, is shown in  FIG.  2   . In some embodiments, the handheld electronic device  10 A may be a portable phone, a media player, a personal data organizer, a handheld game platform, and/or the like. For example, the handheld electronic device  10 A may be a smart phone, such as any iPhone® model available from Apple Inc. 
     As depicted, the handheld electronic device  10 A includes an enclosure  28  (e.g., housing). In some embodiments, the enclosure  28  may protect interior components from physical damage and/or shield them from electromagnetic interference. Thus, a radio frequency system  12  may also be enclosed within the enclosure  28  and internal to the handheld electronic device  10 A. 
     Additionally, as depicted, the enclosure  28  may surround the electronic display  26 . In the depicted embodiment, the electronic display  26  is displaying a graphical user interface (GUI)  29  having an array of icons  31 . By way of example, when an icon is selected be a user input received via an input device  14  or a touch sensing component of the electronic display  26 , an application program may launch. 
     Furthermore, as depicted, input devices  14  open through the enclosure  28 . As described above, the input devices  14  may enable a user to interact with the handheld electronic device  10 A. For example, the input devices  14  may enable the user to activate or deactivate the handheld electronic device  10 A, navigate a user interface to a home screen, navigate a user interface to a user-configurable application screen, activate a voice-recognition feature, provide volume control, and/or toggle between vibrate and ring modes. As depicted, the I/O ports  16  also open through the enclosure  28 . In some embodiments, the I/O ports  16  may include, for example, an audio jack to connect to external devices. 
     To help further illustrate, another example of a suitable electronic device  10 , specifically a tablet electronic device  10 B is shown in  FIG.  3   . As an illustrative example, the tablet electronic device  10 B may be any iPad® model available from Apple Inc. A further example of a suitable electronic device  10 , specifically a computer  10 C, is shown in  FIG.  4   . As an illustrative example, the computer  10 C may be any MacBook® or iMac® model available from Apple Inc. Another example of a suitable electronic device  10 , specifically a watch  10 D, is shown in  FIG.  5   . As an illustrative example, the watch  10 D may be any Apple Watch® model available from Apple Inc. 
     As depicted, the tablet electronic device  10 B, the computer  10 C, and the watch  10 D each also include an electronic display  26 , input devices  14 , I/O ports  16 , and an enclosure  28 . Thus, in some embodiments, the enclosure  28  may enclose a radio frequency system  12  in the tablet electronic device  10 B, the computer  10 C, and/or the watch  10 D. In any case, as described above, a radio frequency system  12  may facilitate wirelessly communication with other electronic devices  10  and/or a communication network. 
     To help illustrate, an example of a radio frequency system  12 , which may be implemented (e.g., deployed) in an electronic device  10 , is shown in  FIG.  6   . As in the depicted example, a radio frequency system  12  may include digital processing circuitry  30 , front-end circuitry  32 , one or more antennas  34 , and a controller  36  (e.g., control circuitry). In some embodiments, the controller  36  may generally control operation of the radio frequency system  12 . Although depicted as a single controller  36 , in other embodiments, one or more separate controllers  36  may be used to control operation of the radio frequency system  12 . 
     To facilitate controlling operation, the controller  36  may include one or more controller processors  38  and/or controller memory  40 . In some embodiments, a controller processor  38  may execute instructions and/or process data stored in the controller memory  40 , for example, to determine a control command (e.g., signal) that instructs the radio frequency system  12  to perform a control action. Additionally or alternatively, a controller processor  38  may be hardwired with instructions that determine control commands when executed. Furthermore, in some embodiments, a controller processor  38  may be included in the processor core complex  18 , separate processing circuitry, or both and the controller memory  40  may be included in memory  24 , a storage device  20 , another tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium, or any combination thereof. 
     Generally, digital processing circuitry  30  implemented in a radio frequency system  12  operates in a digital domain. In other words, the digital processing circuitry  30  may process data indicated via digital electrical signals, for example, which indicate “0” bits when voltage is below a voltage threshold and “1” bits when voltage is above the voltage threshold. Thus, in some embodiments, the digital processing circuitry  30  may include a modem, a baseband processor, and/or the like. Additionally, in some embodiments, the digital processing circuitry  30  may be communicatively coupled to the processor core complex  18  to enable the electronic device  10  to wirelessly transmit data and/or receive wirelessly transmitted data via the radio frequency system  12 . 
     On the other hand, antennas  34  implemented in a radio frequency system  12  generally operate in an analog domain. For example, an antenna  34  may facilitate wireless transmission by modulating electromagnetic (e.g., radio) waves based at least in part on an analog electrical signal received from the front-end circuitry  32 . Additionally or alternatively, an antenna  34  may facilitate reception of a wireless transmission by outputting an analog electrical signal based at least in part on received (e.g., incident) electromagnetic waves. 
     As described above, in some embodiments, a radio frequency system  12  may include multiple antennas  34 , for example, to facilitate improving operational flexibility, communication bandwidth, transmission distance, and/or communication reliability of the radio frequency system  12 . As an illustrative example, a first antenna  34 A may be implemented to communicate with a first (e.g., LTE) communication network while an Nth antenna  34 N is implemented to communicate with a second (e.g., mmWave or different) communication network, thereby improving operational flexibility and/or communication bandwidth, for example, by enabling the radio frequency system  12  to selectively and/or concurrently (e.g., simultaneously) communicate with multiple different communication networks. Additionally or alternatively, the first antenna  34 A may be implemented to communicate a first (e.g., horizontally polarized) data stream while an Nth antenna  34 N is implemented to communicate a second (e.g., vertically polarized) data stream, thereby improving communication bandwidth, for example, by enabling the radio frequency system  12  to concurrently communicate multiple different data streams. 
     Furthermore, in some embodiments, the first antenna  34 A and the Nth antenna  34 N may be included in an antenna array, for example, to enable beam forming techniques, which, at least in some instances, may facilitate improving transmission distance and, thus, communication reliability of radio frequency system  12 . However, it should be appreciated that the depicted example is merely intended to be illustrative and not limiting. For example, in other embodiments, a radio frequency system  12  may be implemented with a single antenna  34  or more than two antennas  34 . 
     As in the depicted example, the front-end circuitry  32  may be coupled between the digital processing circuitry  30  and the antennas  34  and, thus, operate as an interface between the digital domain and the analog domain. For example, the front-end circuitry  32  may include an analog-to-digital converter (ADC)  42  implemented and/or operated to convert an analog electrical signal (e.g., output from an antenna  34 ) into a digital electrical signal (e.g., to be output to the digital processing circuitry  30 ). Additionally, as in the depicted example, the front-end circuitry  32  may include a digital-to-analog converter (DAC)  44  implemented and/or operated to convert a digital electrical signal (e.g., output from the digital processing circuitry  30 ) into an analog electrical signal (e.g., to be output to an antenna  34 ). 
     In addition to the analog-to-digital converter  42  and the digital-to-analog converter  44 , as in the depicted example, the front-end circuitry  32  may include one or more frequency converters  46 , one or more amplifier (e.g., buffer) units  48  (e.g., assemblies or devices), and routing circuitry  50 . In some embodiments, the radio frequency system  12  may also include phase shift circuitry  52 , for example, to facilitate implementing beam forming techniques. In other words, in other embodiments, the phase shift circuitry  52  may be obviated (e.g., optional), for example, when the radio frequency system  12  does not implement beam forming techniques. 
     Generally, a frequency converter  46  implemented in front-end circuitry  32  of a radio frequency system  12  operates to convert an analog electrical signal from a first frequency to a second (e.g., different) frequency. For example, a frequency converter  46  may be implemented and/or operated to convert between a processing (e.g., baseband) frequency used by the digital processing circuitry  30  and a communication (e.g., carrier) frequency used by an antenna  34 . Additionally or alternatively, a first frequency converter  46  may be implemented and/or operated to convert between the processing frequency and an intermediate frequency, which is between the processing frequency and the communication frequency, while a second frequency converter  46  is implemented and/or operated to convert between the intermediate frequency and the communication frequency. 
     To facilitate converting frequency, as in the depicted example, a frequency converter  46  may include a mixer  54  and a local oscillator  56 . In some embodiments, the local oscillator  56  may generate a local oscillator signal, for example, with a frequency that matches a target frequency to which an analog electrical signal is to be converted. Based at least in part on the local oscillator signal, the mixer  54  may up convert or down convert frequency of an analog electrical signal, for example, by modulating the local oscillator signal based on the analog electrical signal. 
     Additionally, an amplifier unit  48  implemented in front-end circuitry  32  of a radio frequency system  12  generally operates to amplify magnitude (e.g., amplitude) of an analog electrical signal, for example, to facilitate overcoming communication (e.g., propagation and/or connector) losses. Thus, as in the depicted example, an amplifier unit  48  may include a transmit (e.g., power) amplifier  58  and a receipt (e.g., low noise) amplifier  62  each selectively connectable via a first amplifier switching device  60  and/or a second amplifier switching device  64 . In some embodiments, the first amplifier switching device  60  and/or the second amplifier switching device  64  may be a semiconductor switching device, such as a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET). 
     However, it should again be appreciated that the depicted example is merely intended to be illustrative and not limiting. For example, in some embodiments, front-end circuitry  32  may include one or more transmit amplifier units  48 , which each includes a selectively connectable transmit amplifier  58 , but not a receipt amplifier  62 . Additionally or alternatively, front-end circuitry  32  may include one or more receipt amplifier units  48 , which each includes a selectively connectable receipt amplifier  62 , but not a transmit amplifier  58 . Furthermore, in some embodiments, an amplifier unit  48  may include a selectively connectable bypass path, which bypasses its transmit amplifier  58  and/or its receipt amplifier  62  when connected. 
     Moreover, routing circuitry  50  implemented in front-end circuitry  32  of a radio frequency system  12  generally operates to route analog electrical signals to appropriate destinations in the radio frequency system  12 . To facilitate routing, as in the depicted example, the routing circuitry  50  may include one or more routing switching devices  66  and/or one or more filters  68  (e.g., filter circuitry). In some embodiments, one or more of the routing switching devices  66  may be implemented in a multiplexer or a de-multiplexer. Additionally, in some embodiments, the routing switching devices  66  may include a time division duplex (TDD) switch or a frequency division duplex (FDD) switch, for example, which selectively switches between a first state corresponding with the transmission (e.g., uplink) mode and a second state corresponding with the reception (e.g., downlink) mode. Furthermore, in some embodiments, one or more of the routing switching devices  66  may be a semiconductor switching device, such as a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET). 
     In some embodiments, a filter  68  (e.g., filter circuitry) may be implemented and/or operated to remove noise from an analog electrical signal, for example, by attenuating frequencies outside a target communication frequency (e.g., band, range or spectrum). Thus, in some embodiments, the filters  68  may include one or more bandpass filters. Additionally or alternatively, a filter  68  may implemented and/or operated to facilitate separating an analog electrical signal into multiple constituent components. For example, a filter  68  may be implemented and/or operated to facilitate identifying (e.g., separating out) multiple frequency components (e.g., bands, ranges, or ranges) in an analog electrical signal. Additionally or alternatively, a filter  68  may be implemented and/or operated to facilitate identifying multiple data streams indicated in an analog electrical signal. 
     As described above, in some embodiments, a radio frequency system  12  may be implemented and/or operated to concurrently communicate multiple data streams via an antenna  34 . Additionally, as described above, in some embodiments, a radio frequency system  12  may be implemented and/or operated to communicate a data stream that utilizes multiple different frequency bands (e.g., ranges, spectrums, or components). To facilitate concurrently communicating multiple data streams and/or multiple different frequency bands, in some embodiments, the routing circuitry  50  may include one or more combiners  72  (e.g., combiner circuitry) that generally operate to combine analog electrical signals received from multiple different sources into a single analog electrical signal. For example, a combiner  72  (e.g., combiner circuitry) may operate to combine multiple analog electrical signals corresponding with different data streams and/or different frequency bands to be concurrently transmitted via an antenna  34  into a combined analog electrical signal, which may then be supplied to the antenna  34 . In other words, in other embodiments, the one or more combiners  72  may be obviated (e.g., optional), for example, when the radio frequency system  12  is not implemented to concurrently transmit multiple data streams and/or multiple different frequency bands. 
     Additionally, as described above, in some embodiments, a radio frequency system  12  may be implemented and/or operated to concurrently communicate a data stream via multiple antennas  34 . To facilitate concurrently communicating a data streams via multiple antennas  34 , in some embodiments, the routing circuitry  50  may additionally include one or more splitters  70  (e.g., splitter circuitry) that generally operate to supply the same analog electrical signal to multiple different destinations. For example, a splitter  70  (e.g., splitter circuitry) may be implemented and/or operated to split an analog electrical signal corresponding with a data stream into a first analog electrical signal, which may be supplied to the first antenna  34 A, and a second analog electrical signal, which may be supplied to the Nth antenna  34 N. In other words, in other embodiments, the one or more splitters  70  may be obviated (e.g., optional), for example, when the radio frequency system  12  is not implemented to concurrently transmit a data stream via multiple antennas  34 . 
     Furthermore, in some embodiments, the routing circuitry  50  may include one or more couplers  73 . For example, the routing circuitry  50  may include one or more bi-directional couplers  73 . As will be described in more detail below, in some embodiments, a coupler  73  may be coupled between an amplifier unit  48  in the front-end circuitry  32  and a power (e.g., voltage and/or current) sensor. In such embodiments, the coupler  73  may selectively couple the output of the amplifier unit  48  to the power sensor, for example, to facilitate determining magnitude (e.g., amplitude) of an analog electrical signal output from the amplifier unit  48  and, thus, resulting output power when the analog electrical signal is supplied to an antenna  34 . 
     As described above, in some embodiments, the front-end circuitry  32  may be implemented across multiple integrated circuit devices (e.g., chips or dies). For example, the analog-to-digital converter  42  and the digital-to-analog converter (DAC)  44  may be implemented in a transceiver integrated circuit. Additionally or alternatively, a first one or more amplifier units  48  may be implemented on a transceiver-side of the front-end circuitry  32  and a second one or more amplifier units  48  may be on an antenna-side of the front-end circuitry  32 . 
     To help illustrate, an example of front-end circuitry  32 , which may be deployed (e.g., implemented) in a radio frequency system  12 , is shown in  FIG.  7   . As in the depicted example, the front-end circuitry  32 A may be implemented in a transceiver integrated circuit (IC)  74 , a driver (e.g., buffer) integrated circuit  76  (e.g., module), and multiple remote heads  78  (e.g., modules), which include at least a first remote head  78 A and an Mth remote head  78 M. Additionally, as in the depicted example, the front-end circuitry  32 A may be implemented to enable concurrent (e.g., simultaneous) communication of multiple data streams  80 , which include at least a first data stream  80 A and a Dth data stream  80 D. 
     However, it should be appreciated that the depicted example is merely intended to be illustrative and not limiting. For example, in other embodiments, front-end circuitry  32  may be implemented and/or operated to communicate a single data stream  80  or more than two data streams  80 . Additionally or alternatively, in other embodiments, the driver integrated circuit  76  may be obviated, for example, such that the transceiver integrated circuit  74  communicates directly with the remote heads  78 . 
     To enable concurrent communication of multiple data streams  80 , as in the depicted example, the transceiver integrated circuit  74  may be implemented with multiple transceiver (XCVR) amplifier (e.g., buffer or driver) units  82 . In some embodiments, each transceiver amplifier unit  82  may be dedicated to amplifying analog electrical signals communicated via a corresponding data stream  80 . For example, the transceiver integrated circuit  74  may include a first transceiver amplifier unit  82 A implemented to amplify analog electrical signals communicated via the first data stream  80 A and a Dth transceiver amplifier unit  82 D implemented to amplify analog electrical signals communicated via the Dth data stream  80 D. 
     Additionally, in some embodiments, each transceiver amplifier unit  82  may be dedicated to amplifying a corresponding frequency band (e.g., component, spectrum, or range). For example, the first transceiver amplifier unit  82 A may be implemented to amplify a first (e.g., 28 GHz or 24.25-29.5 GHz) frequency band in the first data stream  80 A and the Dth transceiver amplifier unit  82 D may be implemented to amplify the first frequency component in the Dth data stream  80 D. As described above, in some embodiments, a data stream  80  may utilize multiple different frequency bands. Thus, in some embodiments, multiple transceiver amplifier units  82  may be dedicated to amplifying analog electrical signals communicated via a single data stream  80 . For example, the transceiver integrated circuit  74  may additionally include a second transceiver amplifier unit  82  implemented to amplify a second (e.g., 39 GHz, 37-43.5 GHz, 60 GHz, or 54-71 GHz) frequency band in the first data stream  80 A and a D−1th transceiver amplifier unit  82  implemented to amplify the second frequency component in the Dth data stream  80 D. 
     To facilitate concurrently communicating with multiple remote heads  78 , as in the depicted example, the driver integrated circuit  76  may include multiple intermediate (e.g., driver) amplifier units  84 . In some embodiments, each intermediate amplifier unit  84  may be dedicated to amplifying analog electrical signals communicated with a corresponding remote head  78 . For example, the driver integrated circuit  76  may include a first intermediate amplifier unit  84 A implemented to amplify analog electrical signals communicated with the first remote head  78 A and an Mth intermediate amplifier unit  84 M implemented to amplify analog electrical signals communicated with the Mth remote head  78 M. 
     Similar to the transceiver amplifier units  82 , in some embodiments, each intermediate amplifier unit  84  may be dedicated to amplifying analog electrical signals communicated via a corresponding data stream  80 . For example, the first intermediate amplifier unit  84 A may be implemented to amplify analog electrical signals in the first data stream  80 A communicated with the first remote head  78 A and the Mth intermediate amplifier unit  84 M may be implemented to amplify analog electrical signals in the Dth data stream  80 D communicated with the Mth remote head  78 M. As described above, in some embodiments, a data stream  80  may be supplied to multiple remote heads  78 , for example, to facilitate improving wireless (e.g., cellular) coverage and/or implementing beam forming techniques. Thus, in some embodiments, multiple intermediate amplifier units  84  may be dedicated to amplifying analog electrical signals communicated with a single remote head  78 . For example, the driver integrated circuit  76  may include a second intermediate amplifier unit  84  implemented to amplify analog electrical signals in the Dth data stream  80 D communicated with the first remote head  78 A and a M−1th intermediate amplifier unit  84  implemented to amplify analog electrical signals in the first data stream  80 A communicated with the Mth remote head  78 M. 
     Moreover, similar to the transceiver amplifier units  82 , in some embodiments, each intermediate amplifier unit  84  may be dedicated to amplifying a corresponding frequency band (e.g., component, range, or spectrum). In other words, continuing with the above example, the first intermediate amplifier unit  84 A may be implemented to amplify the first (e.g., 28 GHz or 24.25-29.5 GHz) frequency band in the first data stream  80 A communicated with the first remote head  78 A and the second intermediate amplifier unit  84  may be implemented to amplify the first frequency band in the Dth data stream  80 D communicated with the first remote head  78 A. Additionally, the Mth intermediate amplifier unit  84 M may be implemented to amplify the first frequency band in the Dth data stream  80 D communicated with the Mth remote head  78 M and the M−1th intermediate amplifier unit  84  may be implemented to amplify the first frequency band in the first data stream  80 A communicated with the Mth remote head  78 M. 
     As described above, in some embodiments, a data stream  80  may be communicated via multiple different frequency bands (e.g., components, ranges, or spectrums). Thus, in some embodiments, multiple intermediate amplifier units  84  may be dedicated to amplifying analog electrical signals communicated via a single data stream  80 . For example, the driver integrated circuit  76  may additionally include a third intermediate amplifier unit  84  implemented to amplify the second (e.g., 39 GHz, 37-43.5 GHz, 60 GHz, or 54-71 GHz) frequency band in the first data stream  80 A communicated with the first remote head  78 A and a fourth intermediate amplifier unit  84  implemented to amplify the second frequency band in the Dth data stream  80 D communicated with the first remote head  78 A. The driver integrated circuit  76  may also include a M−2th intermediate amplifier unit  84  implemented to amplify the second frequency component in the Dth data stream  80 D communicated with the Mth remote head  78 M and a M−3th intermediate amplifier unit  84  implemented to amplify the second frequency component in the first data stream  80 A communicated with the Mth remote head  78 M. 
     As described above, in some embodiments, routing circuitry  50  implemented in front-end circuitry  32  of a radio frequency system  12  may facilitate routing analog electrical signals to appropriate destinations. As in the depicted example, the routing circuitry  50  may be distributed across multiple integrated circuit devices. For example, in some embodiments, intermediate (e.g., driver) routing circuitry  86  may be implemented in the driver integrated circuit  76  and transceiver routing circuitry  89  may be implemented in the transceiver integrated circuit  74 . 
     However, in other embodiments, at least a portion of transceiver routing circuitry  89  may be obviated (e.g., optional) by the intermediate routing circuitry  86 , for example, due to the transceiver routing circuitry  89  combining multiple frequency bands into a single analog electrical signal and the intermediate routing circuitry  86  subsequently separating the analog electrical signal back into the frequency bands. In other words, in such embodiments, the transceiver integrated circuit  74  may be implemented without or with reduced transceiver routing circuitry  89 , which, at least in some instances, may facilitate reducing implementation associated cost of the front-end circuitry  32  and, thus, a radio frequency system  12  in which the front-end circuitry  32  is implemented. As will be described in more detail below, in some embodiments, routing circuitry  50  may additionally or alternatively be implemented in a remote head  78  along with one or more antennas  34 . 
     As described above, at least in some instances, the transceiver integrated circuit  74  and one or more remote heads  78  may be separated by some distance, for example, when multiple remote heads  78  are implemented at disparate locations in an electronic device  10 . Thus, as in the depicted example, the driver integrated circuit  76  and one or more electrical connectors  92  may be coupled between the transceiver integrated circuit  74  and the remote heads  78 . In particular, a first end of an electrical connector  92  may be coupled to the driver integrated circuit  76  and a second (e.g., opposite) end of the electrical connector  92  may be coupled to a remote head  78 . In other words, the driver integrated circuit  76  may be coupled on a transceiver-side of the electrical connector  92  and the remote head  78  may be coupled on an antenna-side of the electrical connector  92 . 
     In this manner, a transceiver integrated circuit  74  and a remote head  78  may communicate analog electrical signals (e.g., indicating data to be wirelessly transmitted and/or wirelessly received data) therebetween. Additionally or alternatively, in some embodiments, a direct current (DC) electrical signal, a control (e.g., digital electrical) signal, or both may be communicated via an electrical connector  92 , for example, from the controller  36  to a remote head  78 . Furthermore, in some embodiments, an electrical connector  92  may be formed from electrically conductive material and, thus, may include a wire, a cable, a conductive trace, and/or the like. 
     It should again be appreciated that the depicted example is merely intended to be illustrative and not limiting. For example, in other embodiments, a driver integrated circuit  76  may additionally or alternatively be coupled on an antenna-side of the electrical connectors  92 . Additionally or alternatively, one or more electrical connectors  92  may be coupled between the transceiver integrated circuit  74  and the driver integrated circuit  76 , for example, when the transceiver integrated circuit  74  and the driver integrated circuit  76  are separated by some distance in the electronic device  10 . 
     However, as described above, electromagnetic waves incident on electrically conductive material generally induce electrical current therein. In other words, electromagnetic waves (e.g., interference) incident on an electrical connector  92  and/or electrically conductive material in an integrated circuit device (e.g., transceiver integrated circuit  74 , driver integrated circuit  76 , or remote head  78 ) of the front-end circuitry  32 A may induce electrical current therein, which, at least in some instances, may introduce noise in a concurrently communicated electrical signal, for example, by distorting the electrical signal. Accordingly, in some embodiments, electromagnetic shielding may be disposed in the transceiver integrated circuit  74 , the driver integrated circuit  76 , and/or a remote head  78 . For example, electromagnetic shielding may be implemented on a housing of the remote head  78 , which is distinct from a housing of the transceiver integrated circuit  74  and/or a housing of the driver integrated circuit  76 . Additionally or alternatively, electromagnetic shielding disposed around (e.g., about) one or more of the electrical connectors  92 . 
     Moreover, as described above, an electrical connector  92  generally produces some amount of loss when an electrical signal is communicated therethrough, for example, due to its inherent impedance (e.g., resistance, capacitance, and/or inductance). Thus, in some embodiments, the driver integrated circuit  76  may be implemented in close proximity to the transceiver integrated circuit  74 , for example, to obviate and/or reduce length of electrical connectors  92  coupled therebetween. At least in some instances, this may facilitate reducing loss resulting in communication between the transceiver integrated circuit  74  and the driver integrated circuit  76 , for example, due to impedance and, thus, loss produced by an electrical connector  92  varying with length of the electrical connector  92 . 
     Additionally, in some embodiments, an electrical connector  92  may be dedicated to communicating a specific data stream  80  with a specific remote head  78 . For example, a first electrical connector  92 A coupled between the driver integrated circuit  76  and the first remote head  78 A may be implemented to communicate the first data stream  80 A while a Dth electrical connector  92 D coupled between the driver integrated circuit  76  and the first antenna integrated circuit may be implemented to communicate the Dth data stream  80 D. Additionally, a D+1th electrical connector  92 E coupled between the driver integrated circuit  76  and the Mth remote head  78 M may be implemented to communicate the first data stream  80 A while a 2Dth electrical connector  92 H coupled between the driver integrated circuit  76  and the Mth remote head  78 M may be implemented to communicate the Dth data stream  80 D. 
     As described above, in some embodiments, a radio frequency system  12  may be implemented to enable concurrently (e.g., simultaneously) communicating multiple (e.g., two or more) data streams  80 . To facilitate streamlining discussion, examples of the techniques are described with regard to embodiments implemented to concurrently communicate two data streams  80 . However, it should be appreciated that the techniques described in the present disclosure may be applied to radio frequency systems  12  implemented to communicate a single data stream  80  or more than two data streams  80 . 
     An example of front-end circuitry  32  implemented in an electronic device  10  to enable concurrently communicating two data streams  80 —namely a first data stream  80 A and a second data stream  80 —via multiple remote heads  78  is shown in  FIG.  8   . As depicted, the remote heads  78  implemented in the front-end circuitry  32  include a first remote head  78 A and a second remote head  78 B. To facilitate improving wireless coverage, as in the depicted example, the first remote head  78 A may be positioned along a first (e.g., top) end of the electronic device  10  while the second remote head  78 B is position along a second (e.g., opposite or bottom) end of the electronic device  10 . 
     Additionally, as depicted, the front-end circuitry  32  includes a transceiver integrated circuit  74  implemented on a (e.g., main) logic board  94 . In some embodiments, the logic board  94  may additionally include a driver integrated circuit  76 . However, as described above, in other embodiments, the driver integrated circuit  76  may be obviated (e.g., optional) and, thus, not included on the logic board  94 . 
     To facilitate communicating two data streams  80  via the first remote head  78 A, as in the depicted example, the logic board  94  may be coupled to the first remote head  78 A via two electrical connectors  92 —namely a first electrical connector  92 A and a second electrical connector  92 B. In some embodiments, the first electrical connector  92 A may be implemented to communicate the first data stream  80 A while the second electrical connector  92 B may be implemented to communicate the second data stream  80 . Additionally, to facilitate communicating two data streams  80  via the second remote head  78 B, as in the depicted example, the logic board  94  may be coupled to the second remote head  78 B via two electrical connectors—namely a third electrical connector  92 C and a fourth electrical connector  92 F. In some embodiments, the third electrical connector  92 C may be implemented to communicate the first data stream  80 A while the fourth electrical connector  92 F may be implemented to communicate the second data stream  80 . 
     Since connector loss generally varies with length of an electrical connector  92 , as in the depicted example, the logic board  94  may be implemented at a more central location in the electronic device  10 . For example, the logic board  94  may be positioned such that length of the first electrical connector  92 A and length of the third electrical connector  92 C are substantially (e.g., approximately) the same and/or length of the second electrical connector  92 B and length of the fourth electrical connector  92 F are substantially the same. In other words, in some embodiments, the driver integrated circuit  76  may be implemented approximately halfway between the first remote head  78 A and the second remote head  78 B. 
     To facilitate further improving wireless coverage, as in the depicted example, the front-end circuitry  32  may additionally include a third remote head  78 C. In some embodiments, the third remote head  78 C may be positioned along a first (e.g., front glass) surface of the electronic device  10  while the first remote head  78 A and/or the second remote head  78 B are positioned along a second (e.g., back glass or opposite) surface of the electronic device  10 . Additionally, as in the depicted example, the third remote head  78 C may be positioned along the second (e.g., bottom) end of the electronic device  10  along with the second remote head  78 B. 
     In fact, as in the depicted example, the third remote head  78 C may be coupled to the second remote head  78 B via a fifth electrical connector  92 G, for example, instead of directly to the logic board  94 . Additionally or alternatively, as will be described in more detail below, a remote head  78  may be coupled to one or more standalone (e.g., external) antennas  34 . In other words, in some embodiments, communication between the logic board  94  and one or more antennas  34  external to a (e.g., second) remote head  78 , such as a standalone antenna  34  and/or an antenna  34  of a different remote head  78 , may be routed through the remote head  78 . In fact, at least in some instances, connecting a remote head  78  in this manner may facilitate reducing implementation associated cost of the front-end circuitry  32 , for example, due to proximity of the third remote head  78 C to the second remote head  78 B resulting in physical footprint of the fifth electrical connector  92 G being smaller than an electrical connector  92  that would otherwise be connected between the logic board  94  and the third remote head  78 C. Furthermore, as described above, in some embodiments, a remote head  78  may include one or more antennas  34  and routing circuitry  50 . 
     To help illustrate, an example of a remote head  78 , which may be implemented in front-end circuitry  32  of a radio frequency system  12 , is shown in  FIG.  9   . As in the depicted example, a remote head  78  may include an antenna integrated circuit  96 , a remote front-end integrated circuit  98 , and multiple antennas  34 , which include at least a first antenna  34 A and an Nth antenna  34 N. However, it should be appreciated that the depicted example is merely intended to be illustrative and not limiting. For example, as will be described in more detail below, in some embodiments, the remote front-end integrated circuit  98  may be obviated (e.g., optional) and, thus, not included in the remote head  78 . Additionally or alternatively, in some embodiments, the antenna integrated circuit  96  may be obviated (e.g., optional) and, thus, not included in the remote head  78 . 
     As in the depicted example, the antenna integrated circuit  96  may include routing circuitry  50 —namely antenna routing circuitry  100 —and multiple antenna amplifier units  102 . In some embodiments, each antenna amplifier unit  102  may be dedicated to amplifying analog electrical signals communicated via a specific (e.g., corresponding) antenna  34 . For example, the antenna integrated circuit  96  may include a first antenna amplifier unit  102 A implemented and/or operated to amplify analog electrical signals communicated via the first antenna  34 A and an Nth antenna amplifier unit  102 N implemented and/or operated to amplify analog electrical signal communicated via the Nth antenna  34 N. 
     Additionally, in some embodiments, each antenna amplifier unit  102  may be dedicated to amplifying a specific (e.g., corresponding) data stream  80 . For example, the first antenna amplifier unit  102 A may be implemented and/or operated to amplify analog electrical signals in a first data stream  80 A and the Nth antenna amplifier unit  102 N may be implemented and/or operated to amplify analog electrical signals in a second data stream  80 . Furthermore, in some embodiments, each antenna amplifier unit  102  may be dedicated to amplifying a specific (e.g., corresponding) frequency band (e.g., component, range, or spectrum). 
     Moreover, as in the depicted example, the remote front-end integrated circuit  98  may include routing circuitry  50 —namely remote front-end routing circuitry  106 —multiple remote front-end (FE) amplifier units  104 . In some embodiments, the remote front-end integrated circuit  98  may additionally include phase shift circuitry  52  and/or one or more sensors  108 , such as a temperature sensor  108  and/or a power (e.g., voltage and/or current) sensor  108 . In fact, in some embodiments, implementing a power sensor  108  in the remote front-end integrated circuit  98  may facilitate determining (e.g., measuring) and, thus, controlling output power of a radio frequency system  12  closer to its antennas  34 , which, at least in some instance, may facilitate improving operational efficiency and/or communication reliability of the radio frequency system  12 . 
     As described above, in some embodiments, phase shift circuitry  52  may facilitate implementing beam forming techniques, for example, by generating and/or supplying phase shifted versions of an analog electrical signal to multiple antennas  34  such that additive and/or destructive interference in resulting electromagnetic waves produces one or more electromagnetic wave beams (e.g., concentrated strength) oriented in a target direction (e.g., cell tower or access point). However, it should again be appreciated that the depicted example is merely intended to be illustrative and not limiting. For example, as described above, in other embodiments, the phase shift circuitry  52  may be obviated and, thus, not included in the remote head  78 . Moreover, in other embodiments, phase shift circuitry  52  may additionally or alternatively be implemented at least in part in the driver integrated circuit  76 , the transceiver integrated circuit  74 , the digital processing circuitry  30 , or any combination thereof. 
     Similar to the antenna amplifier units  102 , in some embodiments, each remote front-end amplifier unit  104  may be dedicated to amplifying analog electrical signals communicated via a specific (e.g., corresponding) antenna  34 . For example, the remote front-end integrated circuit  98  may include a first remote front-end amplifier unit  104 A implemented and/or operated to amplify analog electrical signals communicated via the first antenna  34 A and an Nth remote front-end amplifier unit  104 N implemented and/or operated to amplify analog electrical signal communicated via the Nth antenna  34 N. Additionally, in some embodiments, each remote front-end amplifier unit  104  may be dedicated to amplifying a specific (e.g., corresponding) data stream  80 . For example, the first remote front-end amplifier unit  104 A may be implemented and/or operated to amplify analog electrical signals in the first data stream  80 A and the Nth remote front-end amplifier unit  104 N may be implemented and/or operated to amplify analog electrical signals in the second data stream  80 . 
     Furthermore, in some embodiments, each remote front-end amplifier unit  104  may be dedicated to amplifying a specific (e.g., corresponding) frequency band (e.g., component, range, or spectrum). As described above, in some embodiments, a data stream  80  may utilize one or more frequency bands. In other words, when one or more data stream  80  communicated therethrough utilizes multiple frequency components, the remote front-end integrated circuit  98  may be implemented and/or operated as a multi-band (e.g., dual-band) remote front-end integrated circuit  98 . On the other hand, when each data stream  80  communicated therethrough utilizes a single frequency band, the remote front-end integrated circuit  98  may be implemented and/or operated as a single-band remote front-end integrated circuit  98 . 
     To help illustrate, an example of a single-band remote front-end integrated circuit  105  is shown in  FIG.  10    and an example of a dual-band remote front-end integrated circuit  109  is shown in  FIG.  11   . As depicted, the single-band remote front-end integrated circuit  105  and the dual-band remote front-end integrated circuit  109  is each implemented and/or operated to facilitate concurrent wireless communication of a first data stream  80 A and a second data stream  80 B via at least a first antenna  34 A and an Nth antenna  34 N. In particular, the dual-band remote front-end integrated circuit  109  of  FIG.  11    is implemented and/or operated to facilitate concurrent wireless communication of a first (e.g., 28 GHz band) frequency component  107 A and a second (e.g., 39 GHz band or 60 GHz band) frequency component  107 B in the first data stream  80 A and the second data stream  80 B. On the other hand, the single-band remote front-end integrated circuit  105  of  FIG.  10    is implemented and/or operated to facilitate concurrent wireless communication of a specific (e.g., single) frequency component (e.g., 28 GHz band, 39 GHz band, or 60 GHz band) in the first data stream  80 A and a specific frequency component in the second data stream  80 B. 
     To facilitate concurrently communicating the first data stream  80 A and the second data stream  80 B via the first antenna  34 A and the Nth antenna  34 N, as in the depicted examples, remote front-end routing circuitry  106  implemented in the remote front-end integrated circuit  98  may include first remote front-end routing circuitry  106 A communicatively coupled to the first antenna  34 A and Nth remote front-end routing circuitry  106 N communicatively coupled to the Nth antenna  34 N. Additionally, as in the depicted examples, the first remote front-end routing circuitry  106 A may be communicatively coupled to a first set of remote front-end amplifier units  104  and the Nth remote front-end routing circuitry  106 N may be communicatively coupled to an Nth set of remote front-end amplifier units  104 . However, as depicted and as will be discussed in more detail below, the number of remote front-end amplifier units  104  implemented in different remote front-end integrated circuits  98  may vary, for example, due to number of concurrently communicated frequency components  107 , number of concurrently communicated data streams  80 , and/or number of concurrently communicating antennas  34  differing. 
     As described above, in some embodiments, routing circuitry  50  implemented in front-end circuitry  32  of a radio frequency system  12  may include one or more filters  68  and/or one or more combiners  72 . For example, the first remote front-end routing circuitry  106 A may include a first one or more combiners  72  that, during transmission, operate to combine amplified analog electrical signals output from the first set of remote front-end amplifier units  104  into a first combined analog electrical signal to be supplied to the first antenna  34 A. Similarly, the Nth remote front-end routing circuitry  106 N may include an Nth one or more combiners  72  that, during transmission, operate to combine amplified analog electrical signals output from the Nth set of remote front-end amplifier units  104  into an Nth combined analog electrical signal to be supplied to the Nth antenna  34 N. 
     Additionally or alternatively, the first remote front-end routing circuitry  106 A may include a first one or more filters  68  that, during reception, operate to identify constituent components of an analog electrical signal output from the first antenna  34 A. For example, when the first antenna  34 A concurrently receives multiple data streams  80 , the first one or more filters  68  may operate to separate the analog electrical signal output from the first antenna  34 A into multiple analog electrical signals corresponding with the different data streams  80 . Additionally, when the first antenna  34 A concurrently receives multiple frequency components  107  (e.g., bands, ranges, or spectrums), the first one or more filters  68  may operate to separate the analog electrical signal output from the first antenna  34 A into multiple analog electrical signals corresponding with the different frequency bands. Similarly, the Nth remote front-end routing circuitry  106 N may include an Nth one or more filters  68  that, during reception, operate to identify constituent components of an analog electrical signal output from the Nth antenna  34 N. 
     However, it should be appreciated that the depicted examples are merely intended to be illustrative and not limiting. For example, in some embodiments, phase shift circuitry  52  may be coupled between the first set of remote front-end amplifier units  104  and the first remote front-end routing circuitry  106 A and/or between the Nth set of remote front-end amplifier units  104  and the Nth remote front-end routing circuitry  106 N. Additionally or alternatively, phase shift circuitry  52  may be coupled between the first remote front-end routing circuitry  106 A and the first antenna  34 A and/or between the Nth remote front-end routing circuitry  106 N and the Nth antenna  34 N. 
     As described above, in some embodiments, a remote front-end amplifier unit  104  may be implemented and/or operated to amplify a specific data stream  80  communicated via specific antenna  34 . Thus, to facilitate concurrently communicating the first data stream  80 A and the second data stream  80 B via the first antenna  34 A, the first set of remote front-end amplifier units  104  in the single-band remote front-end integrated circuit  105  of  FIG.  10    and first set of remote front-end amplifier units  104  in the dual-band remote front-end integrated circuit  109  of  FIG.  11    may both include a first remote front-end amplifier unit  104 A that amplifies the first data stream  80 A and a second remote front-end amplifier unit  104 B that amplifies the second data stream  80 B. Similarly, to facilitate concurrently communicating the first data stream  80 A and the second data stream  80 B via the Nth antenna  34 N, the Nth set of remote front-end amplifier units  104  in the single-band remote front-end integrated circuit  105  of  FIG.  10    and Nth set of remote front-end amplifier units  104  in the dual-band remote front-end integrated circuit  109  of  FIG.  11    may both include a third remote front-end amplifier unit  104 C that amplifies the first data stream  80 A and a fourth remote front-end amplifier unit  104 D that amplifies the second data stream  80 B. 
     Additionally, as described above, in some embodiments, a remote front-end amplifier unit  104  may be implemented and/or operated to amplify a specific frequency component  107  (e.g., band, range, or spectrum). In other words, in such embodiments, the first remote front-end amplifier unit  104 A may be implemented and/or operated to amplify a specific (e.g., first) frequency component  107  (e.g., 28 GHz band) of the first data stream  80 A and the second remote front-end amplifier unit  104 B may be implemented and/or operated to amplify a specific frequency component  107  of the second data stream  80 B. Similarly, in such embodiments, the third remote front-end amplifier unit  104 C may be implemented and/or operated to amplify a specific frequency component  107  of the first data stream  80 A and the fourth remote front-end amplifier unit  104 D may be implemented and/or operated to amplify a specific frequency component  107  of the second data stream  80 B. 
     To facilitate communicating a data stream  80  including multiple frequency components  107 , as depicted in  FIG.  11   , the first set of remote front-end amplifier unit  104  in the dual-band remote front-end integrated circuit  109  additionally includes a fifth remote front-end amplifier unit  104 E that amplifies the second (e.g., 39 GHz or 60 GHz) frequency component  107 B of the first data stream  80 A and a sixth remote front-end amplifier unit  104 F that amplifies the second frequency component  107 B of the second data stream  80 B. Similarly, the Nth set of remote front-end amplifier unit  104  in the dual-band remote front-end integrated circuit  109  additionally includes a seventh remote front-end amplifier unit  104 G that amplifies the second frequency component  107 B of the first data stream  80 A and an eighth remote front-end amplifier unit  104 H that amplifies the second frequency component  107 B of the second data stream  80 B. 
     As described above, at least in some instances, controlling output power of an antenna  34  closer to the antenna  34  may facilitate improving communication reliability provided by a radio frequency system  12 , for example, by reducing the distance an analog electrical signal, which is amplified to achieve a target output (e.g., transmission) power, travels before reaching the antenna  34 . In other words, to facilitate improving communication reliability, in some embodiments, output power of an antenna  34  may be controlled by controlling amplification (e.g., gain value) applied by one or more amplifier units  48  of a remote head  78  in which the antenna  34  is implemented and/or to which the (e.g., standalone) antenna  34  is coupled. Additionally, as described above, in some embodiments, remote front-end amplifier units  104  may provide better amplifier performance (e.g., linearity and/or power consumption) compared to antenna amplifier units  102  implemented in an antenna integrated circuit  96  of the remote head  78 , for example, due to the antenna integrated circuit  96  and the remote front-end integrated circuit  98  being implemented at least in part using different semiconductor manufacturing techniques. 
     In fact, leveraging the improved amplifier performance of the remote front-end amplifier units  104 , in some embodiments, the gain applied in the remote front-end integrated circuit  98  may be one or more orders of magnitude greater than the gain applied in the antenna integrated circuit  96 . In other words, in some embodiments, the gain applied by the remote front-end amplifier units  104  may be controlled (e.g., adjusted) to control output power of electromagnetic waves transmitted from one or more antennas  34  coupled thereto. Additionally, as described above, output power of an antenna  34  generally varies with magnitude (e.g., amplitude) of an analog electrical signal supplied to the antenna  34 . 
     Thus, to facilitate controlling output power, as in the depicted examples, a remote front-end integrated circuit  98  may include power (e.g., voltage and/or current) sensors  112  coupled to its remote front-end amplifier units  104 , for example, in addition to a temperature sensor  110 . In particular, the power sensors  112  may include a first power sensor  112 A that determines magnitude (e.g., amplitude) of an analog electrical signal output from a first transmit amplifier  58 A in the first remote front-end amplifier unit  104 A and a second power sensor  112 B that determines magnitude of an analog electrical signal output from a second transmit amplifier  58 B in the second remote front-end amplifier unit  104 B. Additionally, the power sensors  112  may include a third power sensor  112 C that determines magnitude of an analog electrical signal output from a third transmit amplifier  58 C in the third remote front-end amplifier unit  104 C and a fourth power sensor  112 D that determines magnitude of an analog electrical signal output from a fourth transmit amplifier  58 D in the fourth remote front-end amplifier unit  104 D. 
     Furthermore, as in the example depicted in  FIG.  11   , the dual-band remote front-end integrated circuit  109  may additionally include a fifth power sensor  112 E that determines magnitude (e.g., amplitude) of an analog electrical signal output from a fifth transmit amplifier  58 E in the fifth remote front-end amplifier unit  104 E. Additionally, as in the depicted example, the dual-band remote front-end integrated circuit  109  may include a sixth power sensor  112 F that determines magnitude of an analog electrical signal output from a sixth transmit amplifier  58 F in the sixth remote front-end amplifier unit  104 F. Moreover, as in the depicted example, the dual-band remote front-end integrated circuit  109  may include a seventh power sensor  112 G that determines magnitude of an analog electrical signal output from a seventh transmit amplifier  58 G in the seventh remote front-end amplifier unit  104 G and an eighth power sensor  112 H that determines magnitude of an analog electrical signal output from an eighth transmit amplifier  58 H in the eighth remote front-end amplifier unit  104 H. 
     To facilitate determining output power, as in the depicted examples, bi-directional couplers  73  may be coupled to between the remote front-end amplifier units  104  and the power sensors  112 . For example, a first bi-directional coupler  73 A may be coupled between the first remote front-end amplifier unit  104 A and the first power sensors  112 A. In particular, the first bi-directional coupler  73 A may be implemented such that its input terminal is connected to the output of the first transmit amplifier  58 A, its output terminal is connected to the output of the first remote front-end amplifier unit  104 A, its coupled terminal is connected to the first power sensor  112 A, and its isolated terminal is selectively connected the second remote front-end amplifier unit  104 B. 
     Additionally, a second bi-directional coupler  73 B may be coupled between the second remote front-end amplifier unit  104 B and the second power sensors  112 B. In particular, the second bi-directional coupler  73 B may be implemented such that its input terminal is connected to the output of the second transmit amplifier  58 B, its output terminal is connected to the output of the second remote front-end amplifier unit  104 B, its coupled terminal is connected to the second power sensor  112 B, and its isolated terminal is selectively connected the first remote front-end amplifier unit  104 A. As in the depicted examples, a third bi-directional coupler  73 C and a fourth bi-directional coupler  73 D may similarly be coupled to the third remote front-end amplifier unit  104 C, the third power sensor  112 C, the fourth remote front-end amplifier unit  104 D, and the fourth power sensor  112 D. 
     Furthermore, as in the example depicted in  FIG.  11   , the dual-band remote front-end integrated circuit  109  may additionally include a fifth bi-directional coupler  73 E coupled between the fifth remote front-end amplifier unit  104 E and the fifth power sensor  112 E as well as a sixth bi-directional coupler  73 F coupled to between the sixth remote front-end amplifier unit  104 F and the sixth power sensor  112 F. In particular, the fifth bi-directional coupler  73 E may be implemented such that its input terminal is connected to the output of the fifth transmit amplifier  58 E, its output terminal is connected to the output of the fifth remote front-end amplifier unit  104 E, its coupled terminal is connected to the fifth power sensor  112 E, and its isolated terminal is selectively connected the sixth remote front-end amplifier unit  104 F. Additionally, the sixth bi-directional coupler  73 F may be implemented such that its input terminal is connected to the output of the sixth transmit amplifier  58 F, its output terminal is connected to the output of the sixth remote front-end amplifier unit  104 F, its coupled terminal is connected to the sixth power sensor  112 F, and its isolated terminal is selectively connected the fifth remote front-end amplifier unit  104 E. As in the depicted example, a seventh bi-directional coupler  73 G and an eighth bi-directional coupler  73 H may similarly be coupled to the seventh remote front-end amplifier unit  104 G, the seventh power sensor  112 G, the eighth remote front-end amplifier unit  104 H, and the eighth power sensor  112 H. 
     In this manner, the single-band remote front-end integrated circuit  105  of  FIG.  10    may be expanded to implement the dual-band remote front-end integrated circuit  109  of  FIG.  11   . In fact, in an analogous manner, a remote front-end integrated circuit  98  may be expanded to support communication of a data stream  80  including three or more frequency components  107  (e.g., bands or ranges) and/or concurrent communication of three or more data streams  80 . In other words, more generally, a remote front-end integrated circuit  98  implemented in this manner may be operated to facilitate concurrent wireless communication of one or more data streams  80  and/or one or more frequency components  107 . 
     To help illustrate, an example of a process  124  for operating a remote front-end integrated circuit  98 , which may be deployed in a remote head  78  of a radio frequency system  12 , during transmission is described in  FIG.  12   . Generally, the process  124  includes connecting a transmit amplifier (process block  126 ), receiving an analog electrical signal output from an antenna integrated circuit (process block  128 ), amplifying the analog electrical signal (process block  130 ), and outputting an amplified analog electrical signal for supply to an antenna (process block  132 ). Although described in a particular order, which represents a particular embodiment, it should be noted that the process  124  may be performed in any suitable order. Additionally, embodiments of the process  124  may omit process blocks and/or include additional process blocks. Moreover, in some embodiments, the process  124  may be implemented at least in part by executing instructions stored in a tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable medium, such as controller memory  40 , using processing circuitry, such as the controller processor  38 . 
     Accordingly, in some embodiments, a controller  36  (e.g., control circuitry) may instruct one or more remote front-end amplifier units  104  of a remote front-end integrated circuit  98  to each connect its transmit amplifier  58  (process block  126 ). As described above, in some embodiments, a remote front-end amplifier unit  104  may include a transmit (e.g., power) amplifier  58  and a receipt (e.g., low noise) amplifier  62  each selectively connectable via a first amplifier switching device  60  and/or a second amplifier switching device  64 . Thus, in such embodiments, the controller  36  may instruct the remote front-end amplifier unit  104  to connect its transmit amplifier  58  by supplying a first control signal to the first amplifier switching device  60  and/or a second control signal to the second amplifier switching device  64 . 
     Additionally, as described above, the remote front-end integrated circuit  98  may receive one or more analog electrical signals from an antenna integrated circuit  96 , for example, implemented on a remote head  78  along with the remote front-end integrated circuit  98  (process block  128 ). In some embodiments, the controller  36  may instruct the antenna integrated circuit  96  to output an analog electrical signal by instructing the antenna integrated circuit  96  to connect one or more transmit (e.g., power) amplifiers  58  implemented in its antenna amplifier units  102 . The remote front-end amplifier units  104  may then amplify each of the one or more analog electrical signals received from the antenna integrated circuit  96  to generate a corresponding amplified analog electrical signal (process block  130 ). 
     As described above, in some embodiments, the gain applied by a remote front-end amplifier unit  104  may control magnitude (e.g., amplitude) of an amplified analog electrical signal output therefrom and, thus, output power of corresponding electromagnetic wave transmitted from an antenna  34 . Accordingly, in some embodiments, amplifying an analog electrical signal via a remote front-end amplifier unit  104  may include determining a target output power of an antenna  34  coupled to the remote front-end amplifier unit  104  (process block  134 ), determining magnitude of an amplified analog electrical signal generated by the remote front-end amplifier unit  104  (process block  136 ), and determining a target gain value to be applied by the remote front-end amplifier unit  104  (process block  138 ). As described above, in some embodiments, magnitude (e.g., amplitude) of an amplified analog electrical signal generated by a remote front-end amplifier unit  104  may be determined (e.g., measured) via a power sensor  112  coupled to the remote front-end amplifier unit  104 , for example, via a bi-directional coupler  73 . In other words, in some embodiments, the controller  36  may determine the magnitude of an amplified analog electrical signal generated by a remote front-end amplifier unit  104  based at least in part on sensor data received from a corresponding power sensor  112 . 
     Additionally, as described above, output power of electromagnetic waves transmitted from an antenna  34  may generally be dependent on magnitude of a corresponding analog electrical signal supplied to the antenna  34 . Thus, in some embodiments, the controller  36  may determine expected output (e.g., transmission) power based at least in part on magnitude of the amplified analog electrical signal generated by the remote front-end amplifier unit  104 . Additionally, to facilitate achieving the target output (e.g., transmission) power, in some embodiments, the controller  36  may adaptively control the target gain value to be applied by the remote front-end amplifier unit  104 , for example, by adjusting the target gain value when the expected output power differs from the target output power by more than a difference threshold. 
     After amplification, one or more amplified analog electrical signals may be output from the remote front-end amplifier units  104  for supply to corresponding antennas  34  (process block  132 ). As described above, in some embodiments, phase shift circuitry  52  may be implemented in a remote front-end integrated circuit  98 , for example, to facilitate implementing beam forming techniques. In other words, in such embodiments, one or more of the amplified analog electrical signals may be phase-shifted (e.g., time delayed) via phase shift circuitry  52  before supply to corresponding antennas  34 . 
     Additionally, as described above, in some embodiments, remote front-end routing circuitry  106  in the remote front-end integrated circuit  98  may combine amplified analog electrical signals output from multiple remote front-end amplifier units  104  into a combined analog electrical signal, which may be routed to a corresponding antenna  34 . An antenna  34  may then modulate electromagnetic waves based on an analog electrical signal received from the remote front-end integrated circuit  98 , thereby wirelessly transmitting data indicated by the received analog electrical signal. In other words, a remote front-end integrated circuit  98  implemented in remote head  78  of a radio frequency system  12  may be operate in this manner to facilitate wirelessly transmitting data from the radio frequency system  12  and, thus, an electronic device  10  in which the radio frequency system  12  is implemented. As described above, in some embodiments, a remote front-end integrated circuit  98  implemented in a radio frequency system  12  may additionally or alternatively be operated to facilitate reception of wirelessly transmitted data. 
     To help illustrate, an example of a process  140  for operating a remote front-end integrated circuit  98 , which may be deployed in a remote head  78  of a radio frequency system  12 , during reception is described in  FIG.  13   . Generally, the process  140  includes connecting a receipt amplifier (process block  142 ), receiving an analog electrical signal output from an antenna (process block  144 ), amplifying the analog electrical signal (process block  146 ), and outputting an amplified analog electrical signal to an antenna integrated circuit (process block  148 ). Although described in a particular order, which represents a particular embodiment, it should be noted that the process  140  may be performed in any suitable order. Additionally, embodiments of the process  140  may omit process blocks and/or include additional process blocks. Moreover, in some embodiments, the process  140  may be implemented at least in part by executing instructions stored in a tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable medium, such as controller memory  40 , using processing circuitry, such as the controller processor  38 . 
     Accordingly, in some embodiments, a controller  36  (e.g., control circuitry) may instruct one or more remote front-end amplifier units  104  of a remote front-end integrated circuit  98  to each connect its receipt amplifier  62  (process block  142 ). As described above, in some embodiments, a remote front-end amplifier unit  104  may include a transmit (e.g., power) amplifier  58  and a receipt (e.g., low noise) amplifier  62  each selectively connectable via a first amplifier switching device  60  and/or a second amplifier switching device  64 . Thus, in such embodiments, the controller  36  may instruct the remote front-end amplifier unit  104  to connect its receipt amplifier  62  by supplying a first control signal to the first amplifier switching device  60  and/or a second control signal to the second amplifier switching device  64 . 
     Additionally, the remote front-end integrated circuit  98  may receive an analog electrical signal output from an antenna  34  based on electromagnetic waves incident on the antenna  34  (process block  136 ). In some embodiments, the antenna  34  may be implemented on a remote head  78  along with the remote front-end integrated circuit  98 . Additionally or alternatively, the antenna  34  may be a standalone (e.g., external) antenna  34  coupled to the remote head  78  on which the remote front-end integrated circuit  98  is implemented. Furthermore, as described above, in some embodiments, remote front-end routing circuitry  106  may filter an analog electrical signal output from an antenna  34  before supply to the remote front-end amplifier units  104 , for example, to attenuate noise, to identify one or more data streams  80  indicated via the analog electrical signal, and/or to identify one or more frequency components  107  (e.g., bands, ranges, or spectrums) used to indicate data in the analog electrical signal. 
     To facilitate overcoming connector loss and/or propagation loss produced during reception, the remote front-end amplifier units  104  may amplify corresponding analog electrical signals, for example, after filtering by the remote front-end routing circuitry  106  and/or phase-shifting by the phase shift circuitry  52  (process block  146 ). After amplification, one or more amplified analog electrical signals may be output from the remote front-end amplifier units  104  to an antenna integrated circuit  96  (process block  148 ). As described above, in some embodiments, the antenna integrated circuit  96  may then output an analog electrical signal to a driver integrated circuit  76  and/or a transceiver integrated circuit  74 . 
     During reception, the transceiver integrated circuit  74  may process a received analog electrical signal to enable further processing and/or analysis by the digital processing circuitry  30 . For example, the transceiver integrated circuit  74  may convert the analog electrical signal to a processing (e.g., baseband) frequency expected by the digital processing circuitry  30 . Additionally or alternatively, the transceiver integrated circuit  74  may convert the analog electrical signal into a digital electrical signal and, thus, from the analog domain to the digital domain. In other words, a remote front-end integrated circuit  98  implemented in remote head  78  of a radio frequency system  12  may be operated in this manner to facilitate receiving data wirelessly transmitted from another radio frequency system  12 , a communication network, and/or another electronic device  10 . 
     An example of a process  150  for implementing a remote head  78  is described in  FIG.  14   . Generally, the process  150  includes forming an antenna on a circuit board (process block  152 ), implementing one or more integrated circuit devices including an amplifier unit and routing circuitry (process block  154 ), and coupling the one or more integrated circuit devices to the circuit board (process block  158 ). Although described in a particular order, which represents a particular embodiment, it should be noted that the process  150  may be performed in any suitable order. Additionally, embodiments of the process  150  may omit process blocks and/or include additional process blocks. Moreover, in some embodiments, the process  150  may be implemented at least in part by a manufacturer and/or a system integrator, for example, during manufacture of a radio frequency system  12  and/or an electronic device  10  including the radio frequency system  12 . 
     As described above, in some embodiments, one or more antennas  34  to be included in a remote head  78  may be implemented using electrically conductive material formed on an antenna circuit board, such as a printed circuit board (PCB) (process block  152 ). In other words, in some embodiments, an antenna  34  may be implemented in the remote head  78  at least in part by depositing electrically conductive material on the antenna circuit board, for example, on its bottom surface. Additionally, in some embodiments, one or more of the antennas  34  may be implemented and/or operated as a dual-polarized antenna  34 , for example, to enable concurrently communicating a vertically polarized data stream  80  and a horizontally polarized data stream  80 . 
     Furthermore, as described above, a remote head  78  may include routing circuitry  50  and one or more amplifier units  48 . In particular, as described above, the routing circuitry  50  and the one or more amplifier units  48  may be implemented in one or more integrated circuit devices (e.g., chips or dies) (process block  154 ). For example, as described above, a remote head  78  may include an antenna integrated circuit  96  and/or a remote front-end integrated circuit  98 . 
     In other words, in some embodiments, implementing the one or more integrated circuit devices may include implementing an antenna integrated circuit  96  to be included in the remote head  78  (process block  155 ). As described above, in some embodiments, an antenna integrated circuit  96  may include antenna routing circuitry  100  and one or more antenna amplifier units  102 . Accordingly, in such embodiments, the antenna integrated circuit  96  may be implemented at least in part by forming one or more antenna amplifier units  102 , forming antenna routing circuitry  100 , and coupling the one or more antenna amplifier units  102  to the antenna routing circuitry  100 . 
     Additionally or alternatively, implementing the one or more integrated circuit devices may include implementing a remote front-end integrated circuit  98  to be included in the remote head  78  (process block  156 ). As described above, in some embodiments, a remote front-end integrated circuit  98  may include remote front-end routing circuitry  106  and one or more remote front-end amplifier units  104 . Accordingly, in such embodiments, the antenna integrated circuit  96  may be implemented at least in part by forming one or more remote front-end amplifier units  104 , forming remote front-end routing circuitry  106 , and coupling the one or more remote front-end amplifier units  104  to the remote front-end routing circuitry  106 . 
     More specifically, in some embodiments, the remote front-end integrated circuit  98  may include a substrate formed from a semiconductor material. For example, the substrate may be formed using gallium arsenide (GaA) and/or gallium-nitride (GaN). Additionally or alternatively, the substrate may be formed at least in part using silicon. To facilitate improving amplifier performance (e.g., improve linearity and/or reduce power consumption), in some embodiments, one or more passive (e.g., dielectric or insulating) layers may be embedded in the substrate, for example, below a thin upper (e.g., top) layer of silicon. As an illustrative example, a first (e.g., top) passive layer may be formed from a silicon oxide or sapphire. Additionally or alternatively, a second (e.g., bottom) passive layer may be a trap-rich layer, for example, formed from polysilicon. 
     After the substrate is formed, remote front-end routing circuitry  106  may be formed by depositing material on the substrate and/or selectively removing (e.g., etching) material deposited on the substrate. Additionally, remote front-end amplifier circuitry to be used to implement one or more remote front-end amplifier units  104  may be formed by depositing material on the substrate and/or selectively removing (e.g., etching) material deposited on the substrate. To facilitate improving amplifier performance, in some embodiments, one or more of the remote front-end amplifier units  104  may be implemented as a gallium arsenide (GaA) power amplifier or a gallium-nitride (GaN) power amplifier. 
     The remote front-end routing circuitry  106  and the one or more remote front-end amplifier units  104  may be electrically connected via conductive traces, for example, formed (e.g., etched) on the substrate. In some embodiments, implementing the remote front-end integrated circuit  98  may additionally include coupling phase shift circuitry  52  between the remote front-end amplifier units  104  and the remote front-end routing circuitry  106 . Additionally or alternatively, implementing the remote front-end integrated circuit  98  may include connecting a power sensor  112  and a bi-directional coupler  73  to one or more of the remote front-end amplifier units  104 , for example, to facilitate determining and, thus, controlling output (e.g., transmission) power closer to the antennas  34 . In this manner, a remote front-end integrated circuit  98  may implemented as an integrated circuit device, for example, distinct from an antenna integrated circuit  96 . 
     In other words, in some embodiments, routing circuitry  50  and/or amplifier units  48  to be included in a remote head  78  may be implemented via multiple distinct (e.g., separate and/or different) integrated circuit devices (e.g., antenna integrated circuit  96  and remote front-end integrated circuit  98 ). For example, routing functions to be performed by the remote head  78  may be divided between the antenna routing circuitry  100  implemented in the antenna integrated circuit  96  and the remote front-end routing circuitry  106  implemented in the remote front-end integrated circuit  98 . Additionally or alternatively, amplification functions to be performed by the remote head  78  may be divided between one or more antenna amplifier units  102  implemented in the antenna integrated circuit  96  and one or more remote front-end amplifier units  104  implemented in the remote front-end integrated circuit  98 . 
     As described above, implementing the remote head  78  in this manner may enable the antenna integrated circuit  96  and the remote front-end integrated circuit  98  to be implemented (e.g., manufactured) at least in part using different semiconductor manufacturing techniques, which, at least in some instances, provide varying tradeoffs. For example, to facilitate reducing implementation associated cost, the antenna integrated circuit  96  may be implemented using bulk CMOS manufacturing techniques. Additionally, to facilitate improving communication reliability, the remote front-end integrated circuit  98  may be implemented at least in part using a different semiconductor manufacturing technique, such as a radio frequency (RF) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) manufacturing technique, a gallium-arsenide (GaAs) manufacturing technique, a silicon-germanium (SiGe) BiCMOS manufacturing technique, a gallium-nitride (GaN) manufacturing technique, another embedded passive manufacturing technique, a surface mounted technology (SMD) technique, or any combination thereof. 
     To implement the remote head  78 , the one or more integrated circuit devices, such as the antenna integrated circuit  96  and/or the remote front-end integrated circuit  98 , may be coupled to the antenna circuit board, for example, on a (e.g., top) surface opposite the (e.g., bottom) surface on which the one or more antennas  34  are implemented (process block  158 ). In some embodiments, implementing a remote head  78  may additionally include forming one or more terminals, for example, to enable the remote head  78  to communicate with a (e.g., main) logic board  94 , a driver integrated circuit  76 , a transceiver integrated circuit  74 , another remote head  78 , an external (e.g., standalone) antenna  34 , or any combination thereof. Moreover, as described above, in some embodiments, one or more integrated circuit devices to be included in a remote head  78  may be implemented in a system-in-package (SiP), for example, to facilitate improving implementation flexibility and/or reducing implementation associated cost. In other words, in some embodiments, the antenna integrated circuit  96  and/or the remote front-end integrated circuit  98  to be included in the remote head  78  may be implemented at least in part in a system-in-package. 
     To help illustrate, an example of a remote head  78  including a remote head system-in-package (SiP)  160  is shown in  FIG.  15   . As in the depicted example, the remote head system-in-package  160  may include a SiP circuit board  162 , such as a printed circuit board (PCB), with one or more (e.g., conductive and/or insulating) layers  164 , one or more pins  166  (e.g., terminals) formed on a first (e.g., bottom) surface, and one or more pads  168  (e.g., terminals) formed on a second (e.g., opposite or top) surface. Additionally, as in the depicted example, one or more integrated circuit devices (e.g., chips or dies), such as an antenna integrated circuit  96  and/or a remote front-end integrated circuit  98 , may be coupled to the pads  168  formed on the second surface of the SiP circuit board  162 . 
     In some embodiments, one or more conductive traces may be formed on a conductive (e.g., metal) layer  164  of the SiP circuit board  162 . Additionally or alternatively, one or more conductive vias may be formed through an insulating (e.g., semiconductor or silicon) layer  164  of the SiP circuit board  162 . In other words, in some embodiments, the antenna integrated circuit  96  and/or the remote front-end integrated circuit  98  may be communicatively coupled to the pins  166  via conductive traces formed on one or more conductive layers  164  of the SiP circuit board  162  and/or conductive vias formed through one or more insulating layers  164  of the SiP circuit board  162 . 
     Similar to the SiP circuit board  162 , as in the depicted example, an antenna circuit board  170  may include one or more (e.g., conductive and/or insulating) layers  172 . In other words, in some embodiments, the SiP circuit board  162  may be a first PCB and the antenna circuit board  170  may be a second (e.g., separate and/or distinct) PCB. Additionally, as in the depicted example, multiple antennas  34  may be implemented on a first (e.g., bottom) surface of the antenna circuit board  170  and one or more pads  174  (e.g., terminals) may be formed on a second (e.g., opposite or top) surface of the antenna circuit board  170 . 
     Furthermore, as in the depicted example, one or more external terminals  176  may be coupled to the remote head  78  via one or more pads  174  on the antenna circuit board  170 . In some embodiments, an external terminal  176  may be implemented and/or operated to enable the remote head  78  to communicate with one or more components external to the remote head  78 , such as a (e.g., main) logic board  94 , a driver integrated circuit  76 , a transceiver integrated circuit  74 , another remote head  78 , an external (e.g., standalone) antenna  34 , or any combination thereof. For example, an external terminal  176  may include a coaxial cable terminal and/or a solder pad. 
     Moreover, as in the depicted example, the remote head system-in-package  160  may be coupled to one or more of pads  174  on the antenna circuit board  170  via one or more pins  166  on its SiP circuit board  162 . Similar to the SiP circuit board  162 , in some embodiments, one or more conductive traces may be formed on a conductive (e.g., metal) layer  172  of the antenna circuit board  170 . Additionally or alternatively, one or more conductive vias may be formed through an insulating (e.g., semiconductor or silicon) layer  172  of the antenna circuit board  170 . In other words, in some embodiments, the remote head system-in-package  160  and, thus, one or more integrated circuit devices implemented therein may be communicatively coupled to one or more antennas  34  via conductive traces formed on one or more conductive layers  172  of the antenna circuit board  170  and/or conductive vias formed through one or more insulating layers  172  of the antenna circuit board  170 . 
     As described above, electromagnetic waves (e.g., interference) incident on electrically conductive material may induce electrical current therein, which, at least in some instances, may introduce noise in a concurrently communicated electrical signal, for example, by distorting the electrical signal. To facilitate reducing likelihood and/or magnitude of external electromagnetic interference, as in the depicted example, the remote head system-in-package  160  may include electromagnetic shielding  175 , such as an electromagnetic shield can, implemented to block electromagnetic interference from reaching electrically conductive material implemented therein, such as a conductive trace formed on a conductive layer  164  of the SiP circuit board  162 , a conductive via formed through an insulating layer of the SiP circuit board  162 , the antenna integrated circuit  96  coupled to the SiP circuit board  162 , the remote front-end integrated circuit  98  coupled to the SiP circuit board  162 , or any combination thereof. For example, the electromagnetic shielding  175  may be enclose the SiP board  162  and one or more integrated circuit devices, such as the antenna integrated circuit  96  and/or the remote front-end integrated circuit  98 , included in the remote head system-in-package  160 . 
     In fact, in some embodiments, implementing a remote head system-in-package  160  with its own electromagnetic shielding  175  may facilitate reducing implementation associated cost of the remote head  78 , for example, by enabling a reduction in physical footprint (e.g., size) of the remote head  78 . In particular, as described above, electromagnetic shielding  175  may be included in a remote head system-in-package  160  to block electromagnetic interference from reaching electrically conductive material implemented therein. Accordingly, at least in some instances, implementing the remote head system-in-package  160  with its own electromagnetic shielding  175  may obviate implementing additional and/or separate electromagnetic shielding around the antenna circuit board  170  and/or the remote head  78  as a whole. In other words, at least in some instances, implementing the remote head system-in-package  160  with its own electromagnetic shielding  175  may enable reducing number and/or total area of electromagnetic shielding implemented in a remote head  78 . 
     However, it should be appreciated that the depicted example is merely intended to be illustrative and not limiting. In particular, in other embodiments, a remote head system-in-package  160  may not include its own electromagnetic shielding  175 , for example, when a remote head  78  is implemented with electromagnetic shielding  175  that encloses the remote head  78  as a whole. Additionally or alternatively, the antenna integrated circuit  96  and/or the remote front-end integrated circuit  98  may be implemented external to the remote head system-in-package  160 . For example, the remote front-end integrated circuit  98  may instead be directly coupled to the antenna circuit board  170  of the remote head  78 . Furthermore, in some embodiments, an external terminal  176  may be directly coupled to the remote head system-in-package  160 , for example, instead of the antenna circuit board  170 . 
     In addition to facilitating a reduction in implementation associated cost, in some embodiments, implementing one or more integrated circuit devices of a remote head  78  in a system-in-package (SiP) may facilitate improving deployment (e.g., implementation) flexibility. In particular, as described above, at least in some instances, different radio frequency systems  12  may utilize different antenna configurations, for example, due to differing size and/or form factor constraints. As an illustrative example, a larger electronic device  10  may have more available space within its housing and, thus, its radio frequency system  12  may include more antennas  34  compared to a smaller electronic device  10 , for example, to facilitate improving wireless (e.g., cellular) coverage and/or communication reliability. 
     Additionally, as described above, an antenna  34  to be included in a radio frequency system  12  may be implemented in and/or coupled to a remote head  78 . In fact, in some embodiments, remote heads  78  in the same radio frequency system  12  may employ different antenna configurations. For example, a first remote head  78 A may include four antennas  34  while a different remote head  78  includes two antennas  34 . Nevertheless, in some embodiments, remote heads  78  utilized to support different antenna configurations may include common circuitry features. To facilitate improving implementation flexibility, in some embodiments, one or more of the common circuitry features may be implemented in a remote head system-in-package  160 , thereby enabling the same system-in-package design to be used in remote heads  78  implemented and/or operated to support differing antenna configurations. 
     To help illustrate, examples of a remote head  78  implemented to support different antenna configurations are shown in  FIGS.  16 - 18   . As in the depicted examples, the remote head  78  may include an external terminal  176  and an antenna integrated circuit  96  coupled to the external terminal  176 . Additionally, as in the depicted examples, a remote head  78  may include multiple antennas  34 A. 
     In particular, the remote head  78  of  FIG.  16    includes multiple (e.g., 2, 3, 4, or more) antennas  34 —including at least a first antenna  34 A and an Nth antenna  34 N—coupled to its antenna integrated circuit  96 . As described above, in some embodiments, an antenna integrated circuit  96  may include one or more antenna amplifier units  102 . Thus, in such embodiments, one or more antenna amplifier units  102  in the antenna integrated circuit  96  may be implemented and/or operated to amplify analog electrical signals communicated with each of the multiple antennas  34 . However, as described above, due at least in part to the semiconductor manufacturing technique used to implement an antenna integrated circuit  96 , in some embodiments, gain (e.g., amplification) applied by the antenna integrated circuit  96  and, thus, output (e.g., transmission) power from the antennas  34  may be limited. 
     To facilitate leveraging tradeoffs between semiconductor manufacturing techniques, the remote head  78  of  FIG.  17    includes a remote front-end integrated circuit  98  in addition to its antenna integrated circuit  96  and two antennas  34 —namely a first antenna  34 A and a second antenna  34 B. In particular, as depicted, the first antenna  34 A and the second antenna  34 B are each coupled to the remote front-end integrated circuit  98 , for example, instead of directly to the antenna integrated circuit  96 . As described above, in some embodiments, a remote front-end integrated circuit  98  may include one or more remote front-end amplifier units  104 . Thus, in such embodiments, one or more remote front-end amplifier units  104  in the remote front-end integrated circuit  98  may be implemented and/or operated to amplify analog electrical signals communicated with the first antenna  34 A and/or the second antenna  34 B. 
     To facilitate increasing the number antennas  34 , the remote head of  FIG.  18    includes two remote front-end integrated circuits  98 —namely a first remote front-end integrated circuit  98 A and a second remote front-end integrated circuit  98 B—in addition to its antenna integrated circuit  96  and four antennas  34 —namely a first antenna  34 A, a second antenna  34 B, a third antenna  34 C, and a fourth antenna  34 D. In particular, as depicted, the first antenna  34 A and the second antenna  34 B are each coupled to the first remote front-end integrated circuit  98 . Additionally, as depicted, the third antenna  34 C and the fourth antenna  34 D are each coupled to the second remote front-end integrated circuit  98 B. 
     As described above, in some embodiments, a remote front-end integrated circuit  98  may include one or more remote front-end amplifier units  104 . For example, in such embodiments, the first remote front-end integrated circuit  98 A may include a first one or more remote front-end amplifier units  104  and the second remote front-end integrated circuit  98 B may include a second one or more remote front-end amplifier units  104 . In other words, in such embodiments, the first one or more remote front-end amplifier units  104  in the first remote front-end integrated circuit  98 A may be implemented and/or operated to amplify analog electrical signals communicated with the first antenna  34 A and/or the second antenna  34 B. Additionally, the second one or more remote front-end amplifier units  104  in the second remote front-end integrated circuit  98 B may be implemented and/or operated to amplify analog electrical signals communicated with the third antenna  34 C and/or the fourth antenna  34 D. 
     Furthermore, as described above, an external terminal  176  of a remote head  78  may be implemented and/or operated to enable the remote head  78  to communicate with one or more components external to the remote head  78 . For example, the external terminal  176  may be implemented and/or operated to enable the remote head  78  to communicate with a driver integrated circuit  76  and/or a transceiver integrated circuit  74  on a (e.g., main) logic board  94  of a radio frequency system  12 , thereby enabling the radio frequency system  12  and, thus, an electronic device  10  in which the radio frequency system  12  is deployed to wirelessly communicate with another electronic device  10  and/or a communication network via one or more antennas  34  of the remote head  78 . As described above, an external terminal  176  of a remote head  78  in a radio frequency system  12  may additionally or alternatively be implemented and/or operated to enable the remote head  78  to communicate with one or more antennas  34  in the radio frequency system  12  external to the remote head  78 , for example, implemented in another remote head  78  and/or as standalone antennas  34 . 
     To help illustrate, an example of a remote head  78  implemented to support an antenna configuration including standalone antennas  178  is shown in  FIG.  19   . As depicted, the remote head  78  includes a first external terminal  176 A, a second external terminal  176 B, an antenna integrated circuit  96  coupled to the first external terminal  176 A, four antennas  34 —namely a first antenna  34 A, a second antenna  34 B, a third antenna  34 C, and a fourth antenna  34 D—coupled to the antenna integrated circuit  96 , and a remote front-end integrated circuit  98  coupled between the antenna integrated circuit  96  and the second external terminal  176 B. In some embodiments, the first external terminal  176 A may be implemented and/or operated to enable the remote head  78  to communicate with a driver integrated circuit  76  and/or a transceiver integrated circuit  74  on a (e.g., main) logic board  94  of a radio frequency system  12 . 
     On the other hand, as depicted, the second external terminal  176 B is coupled to multiple standalone antennas  178 , which include at least a first standalone antenna  178 A and an Nth standalone antenna  178 N. As such, in some embodiments, analog electrical signals communicated between the standalone antennas  34  and the logic board  94  may be routed through the remote head  78 . For example, one or more remote front-end amplifier units  104  in the remote front-end integrated circuit  98  may be implemented and/or operated to amplify analog electrical signals communicated with the standalone antennas  178 . On the other hand, one or more antenna amplifier units  102  in the antenna integrated circuit  96  may be implemented and/or operated to amplify analog electrical signals communicated with the four antennas  178  implemented in (e.g., internal to) the remote head  78 . 
     Due at least in part to tradeoffs resulting from semiconductor manufacturing techniques used to implement its antenna integrated circuit  96  and its remote front-end integrated circuit  98 , in some embodiments, implementing a remote head  78  in this manner may enable higher output power from a standalone antenna  178  coupled thereto compared to its own antennas  34 . As described above, in some embodiments, an external terminal  176  of a remote head  78  may additionally or alternatively be implemented to enable the remote head  78  to communicate with one or more antennas  34  implemented in another remote head  78 . In other words, in some embodiments, the remote head  78  may be implemented and/or operated to facilitate wireless communication (e.g., transmission and/or reception) via an antenna  34  of a different remote head  78  in the radio frequency system  12 . 
     To help illustrate, examples of a first remote head  78 A and a second remote head  78 B implemented to support different antenna configurations are shown in  FIGS.  20 - 22   . As in the depicted examples, the first remote head  78 A may include a first external terminal  176 A, a second external terminal  176 B, an antenna integrated circuit  96  (e.g., first antenna integrated circuit  96 A), and four antennas  34 —namely a first antenna  34 A, a second antenna  34 B, a third antenna  34 C, and a fourth antenna  34 D. In some embodiments, the first external terminal  176 A may be implemented and/or operated to enable the first remote head  78  to communicate with a driver integrated circuit  76  and/or a transceiver integrated circuit  74  implemented on a (e.g., main) logic board  94  of a radio frequency system  12 . 
     Additionally, as in the depicted examples, the second remote head  78 B may include a third external terminal  176 , a remote front-end integrated circuit  98  (e.g., third remote front-end integrated circuit  98 C), and two antennas—namely a fifth antenna  34 E and a sixth antenna  34 F—coupled to the remote front-end integrated circuit  98 . In other words, in some embodiments, one or more remote front-end amplifier units  104  in the remote front-end integrated circuit  98  of the second remote head  78 B may be implemented and/or operated to amplify analog electrical signals communicated with the fifth antenna  34 E and/or the sixth antenna  34 F. Furthermore, as in the depicted examples, the second remote head  78 B may be connected to the first remote head  78 A via one or more electrical connectors  92  (e.g., flex cables) coupled between the second external terminal  176 B of the first remote head  78 A and the third external terminal  176 C of the second remote head  78 B. As such, in some embodiments, analog electrical signals communicated between the second remote head  78 B and the logic board  94  may be routed through the first remote head  78 A. 
     As in the example depicted in  FIG.  20   , the first remote head  78 A may additionally include a first remote front-end integrated circuit  98 A, which is coupled to the first antenna  34 A and the second antenna  34 B, and a second remote front-end integrated circuit  98 B, which is coupled to the third antenna  34 C and the fourth antenna  34 D. As such, in some embodiments, a first one or more remote front-end amplifier units  104  in the first remote front-end integrated circuit  98 A may be implemented and/or operated to amplify analog electrical signals communicated with the first antenna  34 A and/or the second antenna  34 B. Additionally or alternatively, a second one or more remote front-end amplifier units  104  in the second remote front-end integrated circuit  98 B may be implemented and/or operated to amplify analog electrical signals communicated with the third antenna  34 C and/or the fourth antenna  34 D. 
     In some embodiments, different remote heads  78  in a radio frequency system  12  may be implemented and/or operated to produce differing output powers, for example, to facilitate overcoming differing propagation losses experienced by the remote heads  78  and/or due to the remote heads  78  including differing number of antennas  34 . In other words, in some embodiments, the first remote head  78 A and the second remote head  78 B may be implemented and/or operated to enable higher output powers from the antennas  34  of the second remote head  78 B compared to the antennas  34  of the first remote head  78 A. In such embodiments, as in the examples depicted in  FIGS.  21  and  22   , the antennas  34  of the first remote head  78 A may be connected to the antenna integrated circuit  96  (e.g., first antenna integrated circuit  96 A) of the first remote head  78 A, for example, instead of a remote front-end integrated circuit  98 . In other words, in such embodiments, the antenna integrated circuit  96  in the first remote head  78 A may be implemented and/or operated to amplify analog electrical signals communicated with the first antenna  34 A, the second antenna  34 B, the third antenna  34 C, and/or the fourth antenna  34 D. In fact, as in the examples depicted in  FIGS.  21  and  22   , implementing the first remote head  78 A in this manner may obviate implementing a remote front-end integrated circuit  98  in the first remote head  78 A, which, at least in some instances, may facilitate reducing implementation associated cost, such as physical footprint and/or component count. 
     Moreover, as in the depicted examples, the antenna integrated circuit  96  (e.g., first antenna integrated circuit  96 A) of the first remote head  78 A may be coupled between the first external terminal  176 A, which may be coupled to the logic board  94 , and the second external terminal  176 B of the first remote head  78 A. Additionally, as in the examples depicted in  FIGS.  20  and  21   , the second remote head  78 B may additionally include a second antenna integrated  96 B coupled between the third external terminal  176 C, which may be coupled to the second external terminal  176 B of the first remote head  78 A, and the remote front-end integrated circuit  98  (e.g., third remote front-end integrated circuit  98 C) of the second remote head  78 B. As described above, in some embodiments, analog electrical signals communicated between the second remote head  78 B and the logic board  94  may be routed through the first remote head  78 A. In other words, in such embodiments, analog electrical signals communicated between the antennas  34  of the second remote head  78 B and the logic board  94  may be routed through the first antenna integrated circuit  96 A of the first remote head  78 A and the second antenna integrated circuit  96 B of the second remote head  78 B. 
     In fact, in some embodiments, operation of the first antenna integrated circuit  96 A in the first remote head  78 A may obviate operation of the second antenna integrated circuit  96 B in the second remote head  78 B, for example, due to a first filter  68  in the first antenna integrated circuit  96 A targeting the same frequency band as a second filter  68  in the second antenna integrated circuit  96 B. In such embodiments, as in the example depicted in  FIG.  22   , implementation of an additional antenna integrated circuit  96  in the second remote head  78 B may be obviated, which, at least in some instances, may facilitate reducing implementation associated cost, such as physical footprint and/or component count. Instead, as in the depicted example, the remote front-end integrated circuit  98  of the second remote head  78 B may be connected to the third external terminal  176 C, for example, instead of an antenna integrated circuit  96 . 
     As illustrated by the above examples, remote heads  78  implemented to support different antenna configurations may nevertheless include common circuitry features. To facilitate improving deployment (e.g., implementation) flexibility, in some embodiments, one or more of the common circuitry features may be implemented in a remote head system-in-package  160 . For example, remote head system-in-packages  160  implemented in accordance with a first design may each include an antenna integrated circuit  96 . As such, in some embodiments, instances of remote head system-in-packages  160  implemented using the first design may be included (e.g., deployed) in the remote head  78  of  FIG.  16   , the remote head  78  of  FIG.  19   , the first remote head  78 A of  FIG.  21   , or the first remote head  78 A of  FIG.  22   , or any combination thereof. 
     To help further illustrate, remote head system-in-packages  160  implemented in accordance with a second (e.g., different) design may each include an antenna integrated circuit  96  and a remote front-end integrated circuit  98 . As such, in some embodiments, instances of remote head system-in-packages  160  implemented using the second design may be included in the remote head  78  of  FIG.  17   , the second remote head  78 B of  FIG.  20   , the second remote head  78 B of  FIG.  21   , or any combination thereof. For example, a first instance implemented using the second design may be included in the remote head  78  of  FIG.  17   , a second instance implemented using the second design may be included in the second remote head  78 B of  FIG.  20   , and/or a third instance implemented using the second design may be included in the second remote head  78 B of  FIG.  21   . 
     In fact, in some embodiments, a remote head system-in-package  160  including the antenna integrated circuit  96  and the remote front-end integrated circuit  98  may be used in a remote head  78  that includes multiple remote front-end integrated circuits  98 . For example, instances of remote head system-in-packages  160  implemented using the second design along with an additional remote front-end integrated circuit  98  may be included in the remote head  78  of  FIG.  18    and/or the first remote head  78 A of  FIG.  20   . Additionally or alternatively, remote head system-in-packages  160  implemented in accordance with a third design may each include an antenna integrated circuit  96  and two remote front-end integrated circuits  98 . As such, in some embodiments, instances of remote head system-in-packages  160  implemented using the third design may be included in the remote head  78  of  FIG.  18    and/or the first remote head  78 A of  FIG.  20   . 
     In this manner, the techniques described in the present disclosure may facilitate improving implementation flexibility and/or implementation associated cost of radio frequency systems, for example, via a system-in-package that includes circuitry features common between different antenna configurations, thereby enabling the same system-in-package design to be used to implement remote heads in the different antenna configurations. Moreover, the techniques described in the present disclosure may facilitate improving communication reliability and/or operational efficiency of radio frequency systems, for example, by enabling antennas to be positioned at disparate locations in an electronic device and/or enabling output power of an antenna to be controlled closer to the antenna. In other words, the technical effects (e.g., benefits and/or advantages) of the techniques described in the present disclosure include improving implementation flexibility, implementation associated cost, communication reliability, and/or operational efficiency of radio frequency systems and, thus, electronic devices in which the radio frequency systems are deployed. 
     The specific embodiments described above have been shown by way of example, and it should be understood that these embodiments may be susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms. It should be further understood that the claims are not intended to be limited to the particular forms disclosed, but rather to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of this disclosure.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20201102
Publication Date: 20240820
Grant Date: 20240820
Priority Date: 20190103
Inventors: CETINONERI, Berke
EL AMRANI, Samia
YU, Qishan
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H01Q1/2283", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B1/0458", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B17/101", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B1/1607", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/38", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/2283", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B17/101", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W52/283", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B1/1607", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B1/18", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B1/0483", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B1/0458", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W52/283", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q21/061", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/38", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/2283", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W52/52", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B2001/3861", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B2001/3855", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B2001/045", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B2001/0416", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B7/04", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B1/385", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B1/3827", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B1/18", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B1/0483", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/38", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/2283", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W52/283", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B7/04", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B1/385", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B1/18", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/38", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B1/40", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B1/0458", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B1/0458", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B17/101", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B1/1607", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B1/0458", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/2283", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/38", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 71403800