PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-11664844-B2
Application Number: US-202217948855-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Amplifier circuitry for carrier aggregation

Abstract:
An electronic device may include wireless circuitry with a baseband processor, a transceiver circuit, a front-end module, and an antenna. The front-end module may include amplifier circuitry such as a low noise amplifier for amplifying received radio-frequency signals. The amplifier circuitry is operable in a non-carrier-aggregation mode and a carrier aggregation mode. The amplifier circuitry may include an input transformer that is coupled to multiple amplifier stages such as a common gate amplifier stage, a cascode amplifier stage, and a common source amplifier stage. The common gate amplifier stage may include switches for selectively activating a set of cross-coupled capacitors to help maintain input impedance matching in the non-carrier-aggregation mode and the carrier-aggregation mode. The common source amplifier stage may include additional switches for activating and deactivating the common source amplifier stage to help maintain the gain in the non-carrier-aggregation mode and the carrier-aggregation mode.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An amplifier comprising:
 a first common gate transistor configured to receive a radio-frequency signal via a transformer; 
 a second common gate transistor configured to receive the radio-frequency signal via the transformer; and 
 a first common source transistor having a gate terminal coupled to the first common gate transistor and having a drain terminal coupled to the second common gate transistor, the gate terminal of the first common source transistor being configured to receive a bias voltage that activates and deactivates the first common source transistor. 
 
     
     
       2. The amplifier of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 a second common source transistor having a gate terminal coupled to the second common gate transistor and having a drain terminal coupled to the first common gate transistor, the gate terminal of the second common source transistor being configured to receive the bias voltage that activates and deactivates the second common source transistor. 
 
     
     
       3. The amplifier of  claim 2 , further comprising:
 a first capacitor coupled between the first common gate transistor and the first common source transistor; and 
 a second capacitor coupled between the second common gate transistor and the second common source transistor. 
 
     
     
       4. The amplifier of  claim 2 , further comprising:
 a first resistor through which the first common source transistor is configured to receive the bias voltage; and 
 a second resistor through which the second common source transistor is configured to receive the bias voltage. 
 
     
     
       5. The amplifier of  claim 2 , further comprising:
 a first capacitor having a first terminal coupled to a gate terminal of the first common gate transistor and having a second terminal coupled to a source terminal of the second common gate transistor; and 
 a second capacitor having a first terminal coupled to a gate terminal of the second common gate transistor and having a second terminal coupled to a source terminal of the first common gate transistor. 
 
     
     
       6. The amplifier of  claim 2 , further comprising:
 a first cascode transistor coupled in series with the first common gate transistor; and 
 a second cascode transistor coupled in series with the second common gate transistor. 
 
     
     
       7. The amplifier of  claim 6 , further comprising:
 a first adjustable capacitance having a first terminal coupled to a drain terminal of the first cascode transistor and having a second terminal coupled to a drain terminal of the second cascode transistor. 
 
     
     
       8. The amplifier of  claim 7 , further comprising:
 a second adjustable capacitance having a first terminal coupled to a source terminal of the first common gate transistor and having a second terminal coupled to a source terminal of the second common gate transistor. 
 
     
     
       9. The amplifier of  claim 2 , further comprising:
 an adjustable capacitance having a first terminal coupled to a source terminal of the first common gate transistor and having a second terminal coupled to a source terminal of the second common gate transistor. 
 
     
     
       10. The amplifier of  claim 9 , wherein the adjustable capacitance is coupled across a coil in the transformer. 
     
     
       11. Amplifier circuitry comprising:
 a first common gate transistor configured to receive a radio-frequency signal via a transformer; 
 a second common gate transistor configured to receive the radio-frequency signal via the transformer; 
 a first common source transistor having a gate terminal coupled to the first common gate transistor and having a drain terminal coupled to the second common gate transistor; and 
 a first switch coupled between the first and second common gate transistors. 
 
     
     
       12. The amplifier circuitry of  claim 11 , further comprising:
 a second switch coupled between the first and second common gate transistors. 
 
     
     
       13. The amplifier circuitry of  claim 12 , wherein:
 the first switch is coupled between a gate terminal of the first common gate transistor and a source terminal of the second common gate transistor; and 
 the second switch is coupled between a gate terminal of the second common gate transistor and a source terminal of the first common gate transistor. 
 
     
     
       14. The amplifier circuitry of  claim 12 , further comprising:
 a third switch coupled between a gate terminal of the first common gate transistor and a voltage line; and 
 a fourth switch coupled between a gate terminal of the second common gate transistor and the voltage line. 
 
     
     
       15. The amplifier circuitry of  claim 12 , further comprising:
 a second common source transistor having a gate terminal coupled to the second common gate transistor and having a drain terminal coupled to the first common gate transistor. 
 
     
     
       16. The amplifier circuitry of  claim 15 , wherein the gate terminal of the first common source transistor is configured to receive a bias voltage that activates and deactivates the first common source transistor. 
     
     
       17. The amplifier circuitry of  claim 15 , further comprising:
 a third common source transistor having a gate terminal coupled to the first common gate transistor and having a drain terminal coupled to the second common gate transistor; and 
 a fourth common source transistor having a gate terminal coupled to the second common gate transistor and having a drain terminal coupled to the first common gate transistor. 
 
     
     
       18. An amplifier comprising:
 a first common gate transistor configured to receive a radio-frequency signal via a transformer; 
 a second common gate transistor configured to receive the radio-frequency signal via the transformer; 
 a first common source transistor having a gate terminal coupled to the first common gate transistor and having a drain terminal coupled to the second common gate transistor; and 
 a first switch coupled between a gate terminal of the first common gate transistor and a voltage line. 
 
     
     
       19. The amplifier of  claim 18 , further comprising:
 a second switch coupled between a gate terminal of the second common gate transistor and the voltage line. 
 
     
     
       20. The amplifier of  claim 19 , further comprising:
 a third switch coupled between the gate terminal of the first common gate transistor and the second common gate transistor; and 
 a fourth switch coupled between the gate terminal of the second common gate transistor and the first common gate transistor.

Description:
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/341,159, filed Jun. 7, 2021, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/028,598, filed Sep. 22, 2020, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,095,334, which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     This disclosure relates generally to electronic devices and, more particularly, to electronic devices with wireless communications circuitry. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Electronic devices are often provided with wireless communications capabilities. An electronic device with wireless communications capabilities has wireless communications circuitry with one or more antennas. Wireless receiver circuitry in the wireless communications circuitry uses the antennas to receive radio-frequency signals. 
     Signals received by the antennas are fed through a radio-frequency front-end module, which often includes a low noise amplifier for amplifying the received radio-frequency signals. It can be challenging to design satisfactory low noise amplifier circuitry for an electronic device. 
     SUMMARY 
     An electronic device may include wireless communications circuitry configured to receive radio-frequency signals from one or more base stations. The wireless communications circuitry may include an antenna, transceiver circuitry configured to receive radio-frequency signals from the antenna and to generate corresponding baseband signals, and a baseband processor configured to receive the baseband signals from the transceiver circuitry. The wireless communications circuitry may further include amplifier circuitry interposed on a radio-frequency transmission line path between the antenna and the transceiver circuitry. The amplifier circuitry may include low noise amplifier circuitry configured to amplify radio-frequency signals received from the antenna. 
     The electronic device can optionally support carrier aggregation to combine component carriers from multiple base stations. The amplifier circuitry can be operable in a non-carrier-aggregation mode during which the amplifier circuitry receives signals from one carrier (from one base station) and can also be operable in a carrier-aggregation mode during which the amplifier circuitry receives signals from multiple component carriers (from at least two different base stations). 
     An aspect of this disclosure provides amplifier circuitry operable in a carrier-aggregation mode and a non-carrier-aggregation mode. The amplifier circuitry can include an input port configured to receive radio-frequency signals from an antenna, transformer circuitry coupled to the input port, a first amplifier coupled to the transformer circuitry, and a second amplifier coupled to the transformer circuitry. The first amplifier and the second amplifier can each include a common gate amplifier stage having an input coupled to the transformer circuitry and an output, a cascode amplifier stage having an input coupled to the output of the common gate amplifier stage and an output, a common source amplifier stage coupled to the cascode amplifier stage, the common source amplifier stage coupled to a common source bias voltage that is configured to activate and deactivate the common source amplifier stage in the non-carrier-aggregation mode and the carrier-aggregation mode, and an output port coupled to the output of the cascode amplifier stage. 
     The transformer circuitry can include a primary coil having a first terminal coupled to the input port and a second terminal coupled to a ground line, a first adjustable capacitor coupled in series between the input port and the first terminal, and a second adjustable capacitor having a first terminal coupled to the input port and a second terminal coupled to the ground line. The transformer circuitry can further include a first secondary coil coupled to the input of the common gate amplifier stage in the first amplifier, a third adjustable capacitor coupled in parallel with the first secondary coil, the third adjustable capacitor being configured to control an input impedance of the first amplifier in the non-carrier-aggregation mode and the carrier-aggregation mode, a second secondary coil coupled to the input of the common gate amplifier stage in the second amplifier, and a fourth adjustable capacitor coupled in parallel with the second secondary coil, the fourth adjustable capacitor being configured to control an input impedance of the second amplifier in the non-carrier-aggregation mode and the carrier-aggregation mode. 
     An aspect of this disclosure provides a method of operating amplifier circuitry. The method can include using an input port to receive radio-frequency signals from an antenna, using transformer circuitry to couple the radio-frequency signals from the input port to a first amplifier and to a second amplifier, using a common gate amplifier stage in each of the first and second amplifiers to receive the radio-frequency signals from the transformer circuitry and to output corresponding first amplified signals, using a cascode amplifier stage in each of the first and second amplifiers to receive the first amplified signals and to output corresponding second amplified signals, and using a common source amplifier stage in each of the first and second amplifiers to further amplify the second amplified signals to output corresponding carrier aggregation output signals, adjusting a common source bias voltage in the common source amplifier stage in each of the first and second amplifiers in a carrier-aggregation mode and a non-carrier-aggregation mode. The method can further include using a first input capacitor coupled to the first amplifier to tune an input impedance of the first amplifier in the carrier-aggregation mode and the non-carrier-aggregation mode, and using a second input capacitor coupled to the second amplifier to tune an input impedance of the second amplifier in the carrier-aggregation mode and the non-carrier-aggregation mode. 
     An aspect of this disclosure provides an electronic device operable in a carrier-aggregation mode and a non-carrier-aggregation mode. The electronic device can include an antenna configured to receive radio-frequency signals, a transceiver configured to generate baseband signals based on the radio-frequency signals, a baseband processor configured to receive the baseband signals, and amplifier circuitry configured to receive the radio-frequency signals from the antenna and to output corresponding amplified signals to the transceiver. The amplifier circuitry can include an input port, transformer circuitry coupled to the input port, a common gate amplifier stage having an input coupled to the transformer circuitry and an output, a cascode amplifier stage having an input coupled to the output of the common gate amplifier stage and an output, a common source amplifier stage coupled to the cascode amplifier stage, the common source amplifier coupled to a common source bias voltage configured to control the common source stage in the non-carrier-aggregation mode and the carrier-aggregation mode, and an output port coupled to the output of the cascode amplifier stage. The transformer circuitry can include a primary coil having a first terminal coupled to the input port and a second terminal coupled to ground. The transformer circuitry can include a secondary coil coupled to the input of the common gate amplifier stage. The amplifier circuitry can include an adjustable capacitor coupled in parallel with the secondary coil. The adjustable capacitor can be configured to tune an input impedance of the common gate amplifier stage in the non-carrier-aggregation mode and the carrier-aggregation mode. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is a diagram of an illustrative electronic device with wireless communications circuitry configured to wirelessly communicate with multiple external devices in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  2    is a diagram of illustrative wireless communications circuitry having a front-end module coupled between antennas and transceiver circuitry in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  3    is a diagram of illustrative amplifier circuitry coupled to mixer circuitry in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  4    is a state diagram showing how an illustrative low noise amplifier is operable in a non-carrier-aggregation mode and a carrier-aggregation mode in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  5 A  is a circuit diagram of illustrative low noise amplifier circuitry having a signal split at a common gate amplifier input in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  5 B  is a circuit diagram showing the low noise amplifier circuitry of  FIG.  5 A  operated in the non-carrier-aggregation mode in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  5 C  is a circuit diagram showing the low noise amplifier circuitry of  FIG.  5 A  operated in the carrier-aggregation mode in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  6 A  is a circuit diagram of illustrative low noise amplifier circuitry having a signal split at a common gate amplifier output in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  6 B  is a circuit diagram showing the low noise amplifier circuitry of  FIG.  6 A  operated in the non-carrier-aggregation mode in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  6 C  is a circuit diagram showing the low noise amplifier circuitry of  FIG.  6 A  operated in the carrier-aggregation mode by activating cross-coupled capacitors at the common gate stage in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  6 D  is a circuit diagram showing the low noise amplifier circuitry of  FIG.  6 A  operated in the carrier-aggregation mode by increasing current in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  7 A  is a circuit diagram of illustrative low noise amplifier circuitry having amplifiers with separate tunable transformer circuitry in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  7 B  is a circuit diagram showing the low noise amplifier circuitry of  FIG.  7 A  operated in the non-carrier-aggregation mode in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  7 C  is a circuit diagram showing the low noise amplifier circuitry of  FIG.  7 A  operated in the carrier-aggregation mode in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     An electronic device such as electronic device  10  of  FIG.  1    may be provided with wireless circuitry. The wireless circuitry may include an amplifier such as a low noise amplifier operable in a non-carrier-aggregation mode to support communications at one frequency with a single base station or in a carrier-aggregation mode to support communications at multiple frequencies with at least two different base stations. The low noise amplifier (sometimes referred to as amplifier circuitry) may include an input port configured to receive radio-frequency signals from an antenna, an input transformer, a first amplifier, and a second amplifier. The first and second amplifiers may have a common gate amplifier stage and a cascode stage. The common gate amplifier stage can have cross-coupled capacitors that are activated and deactivated to tune the input impedance of the first and second amplifiers. The cascode stage may be further coupled to a common source stage that is activated in the carrier-aggregation mode to help cancel noise and other undesired non-linearity arising from the cascode stage. The input transformer can optionally be tuned using adjustable input capacitors. Configured and operated as such, the input impedance and the gain of the low noise amplifier can be maintained when switching between the non-carrier-aggregation mode and the carrier-aggregation mode. 
     Electronic device  10  of  FIG.  1    may be a computing device such as a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a computer monitor containing an embedded computer, a tablet computer, a cellular telephone, a media player, or other handheld or portable electronic device, a smaller device such as a wristwatch device, a pendant device, a headphone or earpiece device, a device embedded in eyeglasses or other equipment worn on a user&#39;s head, or other wearable or miniature device, a television, a computer display that does not contain an embedded computer, a gaming device, a navigation device, an embedded system such as a system in which electronic equipment with a display is mounted in a kiosk or automobile, a wireless internet-connected voice-controlled speaker, a home entertainment device, a remote control device, a gaming controller, a peripheral user input device, a wireless base station or access point, equipment that implements the functionality of two or more of these devices, or other electronic equipment. 
     As shown in the schematic diagram  FIG.  1   , device  10  may include components located on or within an electronic device housing such as housing  12 . Housing  12 , which may sometimes be referred to as a case, may be formed of plastic, glass, ceramics, fiber composites, metal (e.g., stainless steel, aluminum, metal alloys, etc.), other suitable materials, or a combination of these materials. In some situations, parts or all of housing  12  may be formed from dielectric or other low-conductivity material (e.g., glass, ceramic, plastic, sapphire, etc.). In other situations, housing  12  or at least some of the structures that make up housing  12  may be formed from metal elements. 
     Device  10  may include control circuitry  14 . Control circuitry  14  may include storage such as storage circuitry  16 . Storage circuitry  16  may include hard disk drive storage, nonvolatile memory (e.g., flash memory or other electrically-programmable-read-only memory configured to form a solid-state drive), volatile memory (e.g., static or dynamic random-access-memory), etc. Storage circuitry  16  may include storage that is integrated within device  10  and/or removable storage media. 
     Control circuitry  14  may include processing circuitry such as processing circuitry  18 . Processing circuitry  18  may be used to control the operation of device  10 . Processing circuitry  18  may include on one or more microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, host processors, baseband processor integrated circuits, application specific integrated circuits, central processing units (CPUs), etc. Control circuitry  14  may be configured to perform operations in device  10  using hardware (e.g., dedicated hardware or circuitry), firmware, and/or software. Software code for performing operations in device  10  may be stored on storage circuitry  16  (e.g., storage circuitry  16  may include non-transitory (tangible) computer readable storage media that stores the software code). The software code may sometimes be referred to as program instructions, software, data, instructions, or code. Software code stored on storage circuitry  16  may be executed by processing circuitry  18 . 
     Control circuitry  14  may be used to run software on device  10  such as satellite navigation applications, internet browsing applications, voice-over-internet-protocol (VOIP) telephone call applications, email applications, media playback applications, operating system functions, etc. To support interactions with external equipment, control circuitry  14  may be used in implementing communications protocols. Communications protocols that may be implemented using control circuitry  14  include internet protocols, wireless local area network (WLAN) protocols (e.g., IEEE 802.11 protocols—sometimes referred to as Wi-Fi®), protocols for other short-range wireless communications links such as the Bluetooth® protocol or other wireless personal area network (WPAN) protocols, IEEE 802.11ad protocols (e.g., ultra-wideband protocols), cellular telephone protocols (e.g., 3G protocols, 4G (LTE) protocols, 5G New Radio (NR) protocols, etc.), MIMO protocols, antenna diversity protocols, satellite navigation system protocols (e.g., global positioning system (GPS) protocols, global navigation satellite system (GLONASS) protocols, etc.), antenna-based spatial ranging protocols (e.g., radio detection and ranging (RADAR) protocols or other desired range detection protocols for signals conveyed at millimeter and centimeter wave frequencies), or any other desired communications protocols. Each communications protocol may be associated with a corresponding radio access technology (RAT) that specifies the physical connection methodology used in implementing the protocol. 
     Device  10  may include input-output circuitry  20 . Input-output circuitry  20  may include input-output devices  22 . Input-output devices  22  may be used to allow data to be supplied to device  10  and to allow data to be provided from device  10  to external devices. Input-output devices  22  may include user interface devices, data port devices, and other input-output components. For example, input-output devices  22  may include touch sensors, displays, light-emitting components such as displays without touch sensor capabilities, buttons (mechanical, capacitive, optical, etc.), scrolling wheels, touch pads, key pads, keyboards, microphones, cameras, buttons, speakers, status indicators, audio jacks and other audio port components, digital data port devices, motion sensors (accelerometers, gyroscopes, and/or compasses that detect motion), capacitance sensors, proximity sensors, magnetic sensors, force sensors (e.g., force sensors coupled to a display to detect pressure applied to the display), etc. In some configurations, keyboards, headphones, displays, pointing devices such as trackpads, mice, electronic pencil (e.g., a stylus), and joysticks, and other input-output devices may be coupled to device  10  using wired or wireless connections (e.g., some of input-output devices  22  may be peripherals that are coupled to a main processing unit or other portion of device  10  via a wired or wireless link). 
     Input-output circuitry  24  may include wireless communications circuitry such as wireless communications circuitry  34  (sometimes referred to herein as wireless circuitry  24 ) for wirelessly conveying radio-frequency signals. While control circuitry  14  is shown separately from wireless communications circuitry  24  for the sake of clarity, wireless communications circuitry  24  may include processing circuitry that forms a part of processing circuitry  18  and/or storage circuitry that forms a part of storage circuitry  16  of control circuitry  14  (e.g., portions of control circuitry  14  may be implemented on wireless communications circuitry  24 ). As an example, control circuitry  14  (e.g., processing circuitry  18 ) may include baseband processor circuitry or other control components that form a part of wireless communications circuitry  24 . 
     Wireless communications circuitry  24  may include radio-frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry formed from one or more integrated circuits, power amplifier circuitry configured to amplify uplink radio-frequency signals (e.g., radio-frequency signals transmitted by device  10  to an external device), low-noise amplifiers configured to amplify downlink radio-frequency signals (e.g., radio-frequency signals received by device  10  from an external device), passive radio-frequency components, one or more antennas, transmission lines, and other circuitry for handling radio-frequency wireless signals. Wireless signals can also be sent using light (e.g., using infrared communications). 
     Wireless circuitry  24  may include radio-frequency transceiver circuitry for handling transmission and/or reception of radio-frequency signals in various radio-frequency communications bands. For example, the radio-frequency transceiver circuitry may handle wireless local area network (WLAN) communications bands such as the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz Wi-Fi® (IEEE 802.11) bands, wireless personal area network (WPAN) communications bands such as the 2.4 GHz Bluetooth® communications band, cellular telephone communications bands such as a cellular low band (LB) (e.g., 600 to 960 MHz), a cellular low-midband (LMB) (e.g., 1400 to 1550 MHz), a cellular midband (MB) (e.g., from 1700 to 2200 MHz), a cellular high band (HB) (e.g., from 2300 to 2700 MHz), a cellular ultra-high band (UHB) (e.g., from 3300 to 5000 MHz), or other cellular communications bands between about 600 MHz and about 5000 MHz (e.g., 3G bands, 4G LTE bands, 5G New Radio Frequency Range 1 (FR1) bands below 10 GHz, 5G New Radio Frequency Range 2 (FR2) bands at millimeter and centimeter wavelengths between 20 and 60 GHz, etc.), a near-field communications (NFC) band (e.g., at 13.56 MHz), satellite navigations bands (e.g., an L1 global positioning system (GPS) band at 1575 MHz, an L5 GPS band at 1176 MHz, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) band, a BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) band, etc.), an ultra-wideband (UWB) communications band supported by the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol and/or other UWB communications protocols (e.g., a first UWB communications band at 6.5 GHz and/or a second UWB communications band at 8.0 GHz), and/or any other desired communications bands. The communications bands handled by such radio-frequency transceiver circuitry may sometimes be referred to herein as frequency bands or simply as “bands,” and may span corresponding ranges of frequencies. In general, the radio-frequency transceiver circuitry within wireless circuitry  24  may cover (handle) any desired frequency bands of interest. 
     Device  10  can communicate with external devices such as accessories, computing equipment, and wireless networks over wired and wireless communications paths. For example, device  10  may communicate with wireless network equipment such as one or more cellular telephone base stations  6  over corresponding wireless links  8 . In the example of  FIG.  1   , one or more of antennas in wireless communications circuitry  24  may communicate with a first base station  6 - 1  over a first communications link  8 - 1 , may communicate with a second base station  6 -N over a second communications link  8 -N, or may simultaneously communicate with base stations  6 - 1  and  6 -N over both communications links  8 - 1  and  8 -N, respectively. In one embodiment, wireless communications circuitry  24  may simultaneously convey information with first base station  6 - 1  in a first communications band associated with link  8 - 1  and second base station  6 -N in a second communications band associated with link  8 -N in a scheme sometimes referred to as carrier aggregation. 
     When operating using a carrier aggregation scheme, the first base station  6  with which device  10  establishes a corresponding wireless link  8  may sometimes be referred to herein as a Primary Component Carrier (PCC) or primary base station. Radio-frequency signals conveyed between the primary base station and device  10  may sometimes be referred to herein as primary component carrier signals, primary signals, primary component signals, primary carrier signals, or PCC signals, and the wireless link  8  between the primary base station and device  10  may sometimes be referred to herein as a primary connection or primary wireless link. Once a connection is established between device  10  and the primary base station, device  10  may establish an additional wireless connection with another base station  6  without dropping the connection with the primary base station, and may simultaneously communicate with both base stations (e.g., using different frequency bands in a carrier aggregation scheme). Additional base stations that establish a connection with device  10  after device  10  has established a wireless connection with a primary base station may sometimes be referred to herein as Secondary Component Carriers (SCCs) or secondary base stations. Radio-frequency signals conveyed between the secondary base station and device  10  may sometimes be referred to herein as secondary component carrier signals, secondary signals, secondary component signals, secondary carrier signals, or SCC signals, and the wireless link  8  between the secondary base station and device  10  may sometimes be referred to herein as secondary connections or secondary wireless links. Device  10  may establish a connection with a primary base station and one or more secondary base stations in downlink and uplink communications bands if desired. 
     Combining data from multiple component carriers using carrier aggregation can dramatically increase data throughput. As examples, wireless communications circuitry  24  may be configured to aggregate data streams from at least two component carriers, up to five component carriers, two to five component carriers, more than five component carriers, up to 16 component carriers, 5-16 component carriers, more than 16 component carriers, up to 32 component carriers, 16-32 component carriers, more than 32 component carriers, up to 64 component carriers, 32-64 component carriers, more than 64 component carriers, 64-100 component carriers, more than 100 component carriers, hundreds of component carriers, less than 100 component carriers, less than 64 component carriers, less than 32 component carriers, or other suitable number of component carriers. The combined bandwidth from aggregating multiple component carriers in this way can be as high as 100 MHz or more, 200 MHz or more, 300 MHz or more, 400 MHz or more, 500 MHz or more, 500 MHz to 1 GHz, or even greater than 1 GHz. 
     The various component carriers being aggregated may or may not belong to the same frequency band. Scenarios in which multiple component carriers within the same frequency band are being aggregated are sometimes referred to intra-band carrier aggregation. In particular, if the multiple component carriers within the same frequency band are in contiguous frequency blocks without any frequency gaps separating them, such type of intra-band aggregation may further be referred to as intra-band contiguous carrier aggregation. If the multiple component carriers within the same frequency band are in noncontiguous frequency blocks that are separated by one or more frequency gaps, such type of intra-band aggregation may further be referred to as intra-band noncontiguous carrier aggregation. In yet other scenarios, multiple component carriers from different frequency bands may be aggregated together. Such type of carrier aggregation may be referred to as inter-band carrier aggregation. 
     In general, carrier aggregation may combine component carriers from 3G bands, 4G LTE bands, 5G NR bands, or other cellular telephone communications bands, WLAN communications bands, WPAN communications bands, the NFC band, the GPS bands, the GLONASS band, the UWB communications band, a combination of these bands, or other desired communications bands. As an example, multiple contiguous or noncontiguous component carriers in one or more 4G LTE bands may be aggregated together to perform 4G LTE carrier aggregation. As another example, multiple contiguous or noncontiguous component carriers in or more 5G NR bands may be aggregated together to perform 5G NR carrier aggregation. As another example, one or more component carriers from a 4G LTE band may be aggregated with one or more component carriers from a 5G NR band to perform dual connectivity carrier aggregation. As another example, multiple component carriers from two or more 4G LTE frequency bands may be aggregated with multiple component carriers from two or more 5G NR frequency bands. As another example, component carriers from one or more 4G LTE frequency bands may be aggregated with another type of cellular technology band (e.g., one or more GSM frequency bands, one or more EDGE frequency bands, one or more 3G frequency bands, one or more 5G NR frequency bands, etc.). As another example, component carriers from one or more 5G NR frequency bands may be aggregated with another type of cellular technology band (e.g., one or more GSM frequency bands, one or more EDGE frequency bands, one or more 3G frequency bands, one or more LTE frequency bands, etc.). These examples are merely illustrative. In general, any number of contiguous or noncontiguous component carriers from one or more frequency bands associated with any suitable wireless communications protocol may be aggregated together to help boost data throughput for wireless communications circuitry  24 . 
       FIG.  2    is a diagram showing illustrative components within wireless circuitry  24 . As shown in  FIG.  2   , wireless circuitry  24  may include a baseband processor such as baseband processor  26 , radio-frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry such as radio-frequency transceiver  28 , radio-frequency front end circuitry such as radio-frequency front end module (FEM)  40 , and antenna(s)  42 . Baseband processor  26  may be coupled to transceiver  28  over baseband path  34 . Transceiver  28  may be coupled to antenna  42  via radio-frequency transmission line path  36 . Radio-frequency front end module  40  may be interposed on radio-frequency transmission line path  36  between transceiver  28  and antenna  42 . 
     In the example of  FIG.  2   , wireless circuitry  24  is illustrated as including only a single baseband processor  26 , a single transceiver  28 , a single front end module  40 , and a single antenna  42  for the sake of clarity. In general, wireless circuitry  24  may include any desired number of baseband processors  26 , any desired number of transceivers  36 , any desired number of front end modules  40 , and any desired number of antennas  42 . Each baseband processor  26  may be coupled to one or more transceiver  28  over respective baseband paths  34 . Each transceiver  28  may include a transmitter circuit  30  configured to output uplink signals to antenna  42 , may include a receiver circuit  32  configured to receive downlink signals from antenna  42 , and may be coupled to one or more antennas  42  over respective radio-frequency transmission line paths  36 . Each radio-frequency transmission line path  36  may have a respective front end module  40  interposed thereon. If desired, two or more front end modules  40  may be interposed on the same radio-frequency transmission line path  36 . If desired, one or more of the radio-frequency transmission line paths  36  in wireless circuitry  24  may be implemented without any front end module interposed thereon. 
     Radio-frequency transmission line path  36  may be coupled to an antenna feed on antenna  42 . The antenna feed may, for example, include a positive antenna feed terminal and a ground antenna feed terminal. Radio-frequency transmission line path  36  may have a positive transmission line signal path such that is coupled to the positive antenna feed terminal on antenna  42 . Radio-frequency transmission line path  36  may have a ground transmission line signal path that is coupled to the ground antenna feed terminal on antenna  42 . This example is merely illustrative and, in general, antennas  42  may be fed using any desired antenna feeding scheme. If desired, antenna  42  may have multiple antenna feeds that are coupled to one or more radio-frequency transmission line paths  36 . 
     Radio-frequency transmission line path  36  may include transmission lines that are used to route radio-frequency antenna signals within device  10  ( FIG.  1   ). Transmission lines in device  10  may include coaxial cables, microstrip transmission lines, stripline transmission lines, edge-coupled microstrip transmission lines, edge-coupled stripline transmission lines, transmission lines formed from combinations of transmission lines of these types, etc. Transmission lines in device  10  such as transmission lines in radio-frequency transmission line path  36  may be integrated into rigid and/or flexible printed circuit boards. In one embodiment, radio-frequency transmission line paths such as radio-frequency transmission line path  36  may also include transmission line conductors integrated within multilayer laminated structures (e.g., layers of a conductive material such as copper and a dielectric material such as a resin that are laminated together without intervening adhesive). The multilayer laminated structures may, if desired, be folded or bent in multiple dimensions (e.g., two or three dimensions) and may maintain a bent or folded shape after bending (e.g., the multilayer laminated structures may be folded into a particular three-dimensional shape to route around other device components and may be rigid enough to hold its shape after folding without being held in place by stiffeners or other structures). All of the multiple layers of the laminated structures may be batch laminated together (e.g., in a single pressing process) without adhesive (e.g., as opposed to performing multiple pressing processes to laminate multiple layers together with adhesive). 
     In performing wireless transmission, baseband processor  26  may provide baseband signals to transceiver  28  over baseband path  34 . Transceiver  28  may further include circuitry for converting the baseband signals received from baseband processor  26  into corresponding radio-frequency signals. For example, transceiver circuitry  28  may include mixer circuitry for up-converting (or modulating) the baseband signals to radio-frequencies prior to transmission over antenna  42 . Transceiver circuitry  28  may also include digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and/or analog-to-digital converter (ADC) circuitry for converting signals between digital and analog domains. Transceiver  28  may use transmitter  30  to transmit the radio-frequency signals over antenna  42  via radio-frequency transmission line path  36  and front end module  40 . Antenna  42  may transmit the radio-frequency signals to external wireless equipment by radiating the radio-frequency signals into free space. 
     In performing wireless reception, antenna  42  may receive radio-frequency signals from the external wireless equipment. The received radio-frequency signals may be conveyed to transceiver  28  via radio-frequency transmission line path  36  and front end module  40 . Transceiver  28  may include circuitry for converting the received radio-frequency signals into corresponding baseband signals. For example, transceiver  28  may include mixer circuitry for down-converting (or demodulating) the received radio-frequency signals to baseband frequencies prior to conveying the received signals to baseband processor  26  over baseband path  34 . 
     Front end module (FEM)  40  may include radio-frequency front end circuitry that operates on the radio-frequency signals conveyed (transmitted and/or received) over radio-frequency transmission line path  36 . FEM  40  may, for example, include front end module (FEM) components such as radio-frequency filter circuitry  44  (e.g., low pass filters, high pass filters, notch filters, band pass filters, multiplexing circuitry, duplexer circuitry, diplexer circuitry, triplexer circuitry, etc.), switching circuitry  46  (e.g., one or more radio-frequency switches), radio-frequency amplifier circuitry  48  (e.g., one or more power amplifier circuits  50  and/or one or more low-noise amplifier circuits  52 ), impedance matching circuitry (e.g., circuitry that helps to match the impedance of antenna  42  to the impedance of radio-frequency transmission line  36 ), antenna tuning circuitry (e.g., networks of capacitors, resistors, inductors, and/or switches that adjust the frequency response of antenna  42 ), radio-frequency coupler circuitry, charge pump circuitry, power management circuitry, digital control and interface circuitry, and/or any other desired circuitry that operates on the radio-frequency signals transmitted and/or received by antenna  42 . Each of the front end module components may be mounted to a common (shared) substrate such as a rigid printed circuit board substrate or flexible printed circuit substrate. If desired, the various front end module components may also be integrated into a single integrated circuit chip. 
     Filter circuitry  44 , switching circuitry  46 , amplifier circuitry  48 , and other circuitry may be interposed within radio-frequency transmission line path  36 , may be incorporated into FEM  40 , and/or may be incorporated into antenna  42  (e.g., to support antenna tuning, to support operation in desired frequency bands, etc.). These components, sometimes referred to herein as antenna tuning components, may be adjusted (e.g., using control circuitry  14 ) to adjust the frequency response and wireless performance of antenna  42  over time. 
     Transceiver  28  may be separate from front end module  40 . For example, transceiver  28  may be formed on another substrate such as the main logic board of device  10 , a rigid printed circuit board, or flexible printed circuit that is not a part of front end module  40 . While control circuitry  14  is shown separately from wireless circuitry  24  in the example of  FIG.  1    for the sake of clarity, wireless circuitry  24  may include processing circuitry that forms a part of processing circuitry  18  and/or storage circuitry that forms a part of storage circuitry  16  of control circuitry  14  (e.g., portions of control circuitry  14  may be implemented on wireless circuitry  24 ). As an example, baseband processor  26  and/or portions of transceiver  28  (e.g., a host processor on transceiver  28 ) may form a part of control circuitry  14 . Control circuitry  14  (e.g., portions of control circuitry  14  formed on baseband processor  26 , portions of control circuitry  14  formed on transceiver  28 , and/or portions of control circuitry  14  that are separate from wireless circuitry  24 ) may provide control signals (e.g., over one or more control paths in device  10 ) that control the operation of front end module  40 . 
     Transceiver circuitry  28  may include wireless local area network transceiver circuitry that handles WLAN communications bands (e.g., Wi-Fi® (IEEE 802.11) or other WLAN communications bands) such as a 2.4 GHz WLAN band (e.g., from 2400 to 2480 MHz), a 5 GHz WLAN band (e.g., from 5180 to 5825 MHz), a Wi-Fi® 6E band (e.g., from 5925-7125 MHz), and/or other Wi-Fi® bands (e.g., from 1875-5160 MHz), wireless personal area network transceiver circuitry that handles the 2.4 GHz Bluetooth® band or other WPAN communications bands, cellular telephone transceiver circuitry that handles cellular telephone bands (e.g., bands from about 600 MHz to about 5 GHz, 3G bands, 4G LTE bands, 5G New Radio Frequency Range 1 (FR1) bands below 10 GHz, 5G New Radio Frequency Range 2 (FR2) bands between 20 and 60 GHz, etc.), near-field communications (NFC) transceiver circuitry that handles near-field communications bands (e.g., at 13.56 MHz), satellite navigation receiver circuitry that handles satellite navigation bands (e.g., a GPS band from 1565 to 1610 MHz, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) band, a BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) band, etc.), ultra-wideband (UWB) transceiver circuitry that handles communications using the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol and/or other ultra-wideband communications protocols, and/or any other desired radio-frequency transceiver circuitry for covering any other desired communications bands of interest. 
     Wireless circuitry  24  may include one or more antennas such as antenna  42 . Antenna  42  may be formed using any desired antenna structures. For example, antenna  42  may be an antenna with a resonating element that is formed from loop antenna structures, patch antenna structures, inverted-F antenna structures, slot antenna structures, planar inverted-F antenna structures, helical antenna structures, monopole antennas, dipoles, hybrids of these designs, etc. Two or more antennas  42  may be arranged into one or more phased antenna arrays (e.g., for conveying radio-frequency signals at millimeter wave frequencies). Parasitic elements may be included in antenna  42  to adjust antenna performance. Antenna  42  may be provided with a conductive cavity that backs the antenna resonating element of antenna  42  (e.g., antenna  42  may be a cavity-backed antenna such as a cavity-backed slot antenna). 
     As described above, front end module  40  may include one or more low noise amplifier (LNA) circuits  52  in the receive (downlink) path. A low noise amplifier  52  (sometimes referred to as low noise amplifier circuitry or amplifier circuitry) may be configured to amplify a received radio-frequency signal without significantly degrading the signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio of the amplified signal. Low noise amplifier  52  may, for example, be used to provide 2 dB of voltage gain, 3 dB of voltage gain, 4 dB of voltage gain, 5 dB of voltage gain, 6 dB of voltage gain, 3-4 dB of voltage gain, 2-5 dB of voltage gain, 5-10 dB of voltage gain, or other suitable amounts of voltage gain. 
       FIG.  3    is a diagram of illustrative low noise amplifier circuitry  52  coupled to transceiver  28 . As shown in  FIG.  3   , amplifier circuitry  52  has an input port RFIN configured to receive radio-frequency signals from the antenna, an input transformer such as input transformer circuitry  60 , a first amplifier  62 , and a second amplifier  64 . Transformer circuitry  60  may feed signals to both first amplifier  62  and second amplifier  64  in parallel. First amplifier  62  has a first carrier aggregation output port CA 1 , whereas second amplifier  64  has a second carrier aggregation output port CA 2 . Transceiver  28  may include, among other wireless transceiver components, mixer circuitry such as a first mixer  66  and a second mixer  68 . First mixer  66  may receive signals from the first carrier aggregation output port CA 1  of first amplifier  62  and a local oscillator signal LO. Second mixer  68  may receive signals from the second carrier aggregation output port CA 2  of second amplifier  64  and another local oscillator signal. The local oscillator signals received by mixers  66  and  68  may be the same or may be different (e.g., the local oscillator signals may have the same frequency but a phase offset). Mixer  66  may then output a corresponding first baseband output signal BB 1  associated with one component carrier. Similarly, mixer  68  may output a corresponding second baseband output signal BB 2  associated with another component carrier. Baseband signals BB 1  and BB 2  can then be provided to baseband processor  26  (see  FIG.  2   ). 
     In device  10  that supports carrier aggregation of multiple component carriers, device  10  may include one or more low noise amplifiers  52  operable in a non-carrier-aggregation (NCA) mode and a carrier-aggregation (CA) mode. Ideally, the gain and the input matching characteristics associated with the low noise amplifier should be identical in both the NCA and CA modes of operation. If care is not taken in the low noise amplifier design, however, the gain and input impedance of the low noise amplifier circuitry may be mismatched when switching from the NCA mode to the CA mode and vice versa. 
       FIG.  4    is a state diagram illustrating how low noise amplifier circuitry  52  may toggle between a non-carrier-aggregation mode  70  and a carrier-aggregation mode  72 . When amplifier circuitry  52  is operated in non-carrier-aggregation mode  70 , only one of the two amplifiers  62  and  64  is activated. As an example, only first amplifier  62  is activated while second amplifier  64  is deactivated or idled. As another example, only second amplifier  64  is turned on (in use) while first amplifier  62  is turned off (not in use). In either scenario, the amplifier that is activated may include a cross-coupled common source amplifier stage that is deactivated during non-carrier-aggregation mode  70 . 
     When amplifier circuitry  52  is operated in carrier-aggregation mode  72 , both amplifiers  62  and  64  are activated. In mode  72 , first amplifier  62  will output signals at the first carrier aggregation output port CA 1  while second amplifier  64  simultaneously outputs signals at the second carrier aggregation output port CA 2 . Unlike mode  70 , amplifiers  62  and  64  may each include a cross-coupled common source amplifier stage that is activated (switched into use) during carrier-aggregation mode  72 . Switching the cross-coupled common source amplifier stage into use can help recover any gain that might otherwise have been reduced when splitting current from the input transformer between two amplifiers while also providing the benefit of cancelling out noise and other higher order non-linearity terms associated with other stages in amplifier circuitry  52 . The first and second amplifiers may include switching circuitry configured to control (i.e., to activate and deactivate) at least a portion of low noise amplifier circuitry  52  when switching between mode  70  and mode  72 . Details of such switching circuitry may depend on the particular implementation of amplifier circuitry  52 , which is described in more detail below in connection with  FIGS.  5 - 7   . 
       FIG.  5 A  is a circuit diagram showing one suitable embodiment of low noise amplifier circuitry  52  operable to provide input matching and equal gain in both the non-carrier-aggregation mode and the carrier-aggregation mode. As shown in  FIG.  5 A , amplifier circuitry  52  includes an input port RFIN, input transformer circuitry  60 , first amplifier  62 , and second amplifier  62 . Input port RFIN may be configured to receive a radio-frequency signal from the antenna. As described in connection with  FIG.  2   , one or more circuits such as filter circuitry, switching circuitry, antenna tuning circuitry, and/or other control circuitry may optionally be coupled along the radio-frequency transmission line path  36  between the antenna and the amplifier input port RFIN. 
     Transformer circuitry  60  may include a primary winding such as primary winding  60   p  and a secondary winding such as secondary winding  60   s . Primary winding  60   p  and secondary winding  60   s  may sometimes be referred to as a primary coil and a secondary coil, respectively. Primary winding  60   p  may be a single-ended coil having a first terminal coupled to input port RFIN and a second terminal coupled to a ground line (e.g., a ground power supply line on which a ground signal is provided). Secondary winding  60   s  may be configured to support differential signaling. In particular, secondary coil  60   s  has a first ( 1 ) terminal coupled to both amplifiers  62  and  64  and a second ( 2 ) terminal also coupled to both amplifiers  62  and  64 . Secondary coil  60   s  may have a center tap coupled to the ground line. 
     First amplifier  62  may include transistors M 1 -M 6  forming parts of different amplifier stages within the first amplifier. In the example of  FIG.  5 A , transistors M 1 -M 6  are n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor (NMOS) transistors. This is merely illustrative. If desired, at least some of transistors M 1 -M 6  may be implemented as p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor (PMOS) transistors. As another example, all of transistors M 1 -M 6  may be PMOS transistors. In general, any suitable type of semiconductor switching component may be used. Configurations in which transistors M 1 -M 6  are implemented as NMOS transistors may sometimes be described herein as an example. 
     Transistor M 1  has a source (input) terminal coupled to the first terminal of secondary coil  60   s , a gate (control) terminal, and a drain (output) terminal. The terms “source” and “drain” terminals used to refer to current-conveying terminals in a transistor may be used interchangeably and are sometimes referred to as “source-drain” terminals. Thus, the source terminal of transistor M 1  can be referred to as a first source-drain terminal, and the drain terminal of transistor M 1  can be referred to as a second source-drain terminal (or vice versa). Transistor M 2  has a source (input) terminal coupled to the second terminal of secondary coil  60   s , a gate terminal, and a drain (output) terminal. 
     The gate terminal of transistor M 1  may be selectively coupled to the source terminal of transistor M 2  via a capacitor C 1  by turning on and off a first switch  100 . Similarly, the gate terminal of transistor M 2  may be selectively coupled to the source terminal of transistor M 1  via a capacitor C 2  by turning on and off a second switch  100 . Thus, when switches  100  are activated, transistors M 1  and M 2  are said to be cross-coupled via capacitors C 1  and C 2  (e.g., the control terminal of M 1  is cross-coupled to the input terminal of M 2  via C 1 , whereas the control terminal of M 2  is cross-coupled to the input terminal of M 1  via C 2 ). 
     The gate terminal of transistor M 1  can also be coupled to a common gate voltage line on which common gate voltage Vcg is provided via a first biasing resistor Rb and a first switch  102 . When transistor M 1  is on and connected to the cross-coupled capacitors C 1  and C 2  (i.e., when switches  100  are turned on), first switch  102  is off and the gate of transistor M 1  is biased through resistor Rb connected to voltage Vcg. When transistor M 1  is on and disconnected from the cross-coupled capacitors C 1  and C 2  (i.e., when switches  100  are turned off), first switch  102  is on and the gate of transistor M 1  is directly connected to DC voltage Vcg. When transistor M 1  is off, voltage Vcg is set to 0 V. Voltage Vcg may have some intermediate voltage level between the ground voltage level and a positive power supply voltage level Vdd that powers amplifier circuitry  52 . If desired, common gate voltage Vcg may also be equal to positive power supply voltage Vdd. 
     Similarly, the gate terminal of transistor M 2  can also be coupled to the common gate voltage line via a second biasing resistor Rb and a second switch  102 . When transistor M 2  is on and connected to the cross-coupled capacitors C 1  and C 2  (i.e., when switches  100  are turned on), second switch  102  is off and the gate of transistor M 2  is biased through second resistor Rb connected to voltage Vcg. When transistor M 2  is on and disconnected from the cross-coupled capacitors C 1  and C 2  (i.e., when switches  100  are turned off), second switch  102  is on and the gate of transistor M 2  is directly connected to DC voltage Vcg. When transistor M 2  is off, voltage Vcg is set to 0 V. Transistors M 1  and M 2 , along with cross-coupled capacitors C 1  and C 2  and the associated switches  100  and  102 , operated in this way may therefore sometimes be referred to collectively as a common gate amplifier stage. A common gate amplifier stage can be defined as an amplifier stage with an amplifying transistor having its gate terminal coupled to a common (fixed) voltage source (e.g., Vcg). Switches  100  and  102  and the DC voltage level of Vcg may therefore be used to control the common gate amplifier stage in first amplifier  62 . 
     Transistor M 3  has a source (input) terminal coupled to the output terminal of transistor M 1 , a gate (control) terminal, and a drain (output) terminal. Similarly, transistor M 4  has a source (input) terminal coupled to the output terminal of transistor M 2 , a gate (control) terminal, and a drain (output) terminal. The drain terminals of transistors M 3  and M 4  may serve as the first carrier aggregation output port CA 1 . A first output coil L 1  may be coupled across first carrier aggregation output port CA 1 . Output coil L 1  may have a center tap that is coupled to a positive power supply line on which positive power supply voltage Vdd is provided. 
     The gate terminals of transistors M 3  and M 4  may be coupled to a cascode bias voltage line on which cascode bias voltage Vcascode is provided. Voltage Vcascode may have some intermediate voltage level between the ground voltage level and positive power supply voltage level Vdd that powers amplifier circuitry  52 . If desired, voltage Vcascode may also be equal to positive power supply voltage Vdd. Transistors M 3  and M 4  coupled in series to the output of the common gate amplifier stage in this way are sometimes referred to collectively as a cascode amplifier stage or a cascode common gate amplifier stage. A cascode amplifier stage can be defined as an amplifier stage with an amplifying transistor that is coupled to the output of a preceding amplifier stage such as the common gate amplifier stage and that has its gate terminal coupled to a common (fixed) voltage source (e.g., Vcascode). The cascode amplifier stage with M 3  and M 4  may be used to increase the output impedance of amplifier  62 , improve isolation between amplifiers  62  and  64 , and can optionally be used to provide different gain steps (e.g., by selectively adjusting the drive strength of transistors M 3  and M 4 ). 
     Transistors M 5  and M 6  may be selectively cross-coupled with the cascode transistors M 3  and M 4 . Transistor M 5  has a gate terminal that is coupled to the input terminal of transistor M 3  via capacitor C 3  and that is also coupled to, via resistor R 1 , a common source voltage line on which common source bias voltage Vcs is provided. Transistor M 5  also has a source terminal coupled to ground and a drain terminal that is selectively coupled to the output terminal of transistor M 4 . Similarly, transistor M 6  has a gate terminal that is coupled to the input terminal of transistor M 4  via capacitor C 4  and that is also coupled to, via resistor R 2 , the common source voltage line to receive common source voltage Vcs. Transistor M 6  also has a source terminal coupled to ground and a drain terminal that is selectively coupled to the output terminal of transistor M 3 . 
     Transistors M 5  and M 6  are cross-coupled with the cascode amplifier stage. Transistors M 5  and M 6 , along with capacitors C 3  and C 5  and resistors R 1  and R 2 , operated in this way may therefore sometimes be referred to collectively as a common source amplifier stage. A common source amplifier stage can be defined as an amplifier stage with an amplifying transistor having its source terminal coupled to a common (fixed) voltage source (e.g., the ground voltage). Transistors M 5  and M 6  can be turned off by setting voltage Vcs to zero volts (to deactivate the common source stage) or can be turned on by setting voltage Vcs to a proper voltage level that is greater than 0 V (to activate the common source stage). 
     The structure of second amplifier  64  may be similar to the structure of first amplifier  62 . Second amplifier  64  may include transistors M 7 -M 12  forming parts of different amplifier stages within the second amplifier. In the example of  FIG.  5 A , transistors M 7 -M 12  are n-channel transistors. This is merely illustrative. If desired, at least some of transistors M 7 -M 12  may be implemented as p-channel transistors. As another example, all of transistors M 7 -M 12  may be PMOS transistors. In general, any suitable type of semiconductor switching component may be used. Configurations in which transistors M 7 -M 12  are implemented as NMOS transistors may sometimes be described herein as an example. 
     Transistor M 7  has a source (input) terminal coupled to the first terminal of secondary coil  60   s , a gate (control) terminal, and a drain (output) terminal. Transistor M 8  has a source (input) terminal coupled to the second terminal of secondary coil  60   s , a gate terminal, and a drain (output) terminal. The gate terminal of transistor M 7  may be selectively coupled to the source terminal of transistor M 8  via a capacitor C 5  by turning on and off a first switch  110 . Similarly, the gate terminal of transistor M 8  may be selectively coupled to the source terminal of transistor M 7  via a capacitor C 6  by turning on and off a second switch  110 . Thus, when switches  110  are activated, transistors M 7  and M 8  are said to be cross-coupled via capacitors C 5  and C 6  (e.g., the control terminal of M 7  is cross-coupled to the input terminal of M 8  via C 5 , whereas the control terminal of M 8  is cross-coupled to the input terminal of M 7  via C 6 ). 
     The gate terminal of transistor M 7  can also be coupled to the common gate voltage line via a third resistor Rb and a first switch  112 . Similarly, the gate terminal of transistor M 8  can also be coupled to the common gate voltage line via a fourth resistor Rb and a second switch  112 . When transistors M 7  and M 8  are on and connected to the cross-coupled capacitors C 5  and C 6  (i.e., when switches  110  are turned on), switches  112  are off and the gates of transistors M 7  and M 8  are biased through resistors Rb connected to voltage Vcg. When transistors M 7  and M 8  are on and disconnected from the cross-coupled capacitors C 5  and C 6  (i.e., when switches  110  are turned off), switches  112  is on and the gates of transistors M 7 -M 8  are directly connected to DC voltage Vcg. When transistors M 7 -M 8  are off, voltage Vcg is set to 0 V. Transistors M 7  and M 8 , along with cross-coupled capacitors C 5  and C 6  and the associated switches  110  and  112 , operated in this way may therefore sometimes be referred to collectively as a common gate amplifier stage. Switches  110  and  112  and the DC voltage level of Vcg may therefore be used to control the common gate amplifier stage in second amplifier  64 . 
     Transistor M 9  has a source (input) terminal coupled to the output terminal of transistor M 7 , a gate (control) terminal, and a drain (output) terminal. Similarly, transistor M 10  has a source (input) terminal coupled to the output terminal of transistor M 8 , a gate (control) terminal, and a drain (output) terminal. The drain terminals of transistors M 9  and M 10  may serve as the second carrier aggregation output port CA 2 . A second output coil L 2  may be coupled across second carrier aggregation output port CA 2 . Output coil L 2  may have a center tap that is coupled to the positive power supply line. 
     The gate terminals of transistors M 9  and M 10  may be coupled to the cascode bias voltage line. Transistors M 9  and M 10  coupled in series to the output of the common gate amplifier stage in this way are sometimes referred to collectively as a cascode amplifier stage. The cascode amplifier stage with M 9  and M 10  may be used to increase the output impedance of amplifier  64 , improve isolation between amplifiers  64  and  62 , and can optionally be used to provide different gain steps (e.g., by selectively adjusting the drive strength of transistors M 9  and M 10 ). 
     Transistors M 11  and M 12  may be selectively cross-coupled with the cascode transistors M 9  and M 10 . Transistor M 11  has a gate terminal that is coupled to the input terminal of transistor M 9  via capacitor C 7  and that is also coupled to, via resistor R 3 , the common source voltage line. Transistor M 11  also has a source terminal coupled to the ground line and a drain terminal that is selectively coupled to the output terminal of transistor M 10 . Similarly, transistor M 12  has a gate terminal that is coupled to the input terminal of transistor M 10  via capacitor C 8  and that is also coupled to, via resistor R 4 , the common source voltage line to receive common source voltage Vcs. Transistor M 12  also has a source terminal coupled to ground and a drain terminal that is selectively coupled to the output terminal of transistor M 9 . 
     Transistors M 11  and M 12  are cross-coupled with the cascode amplifier stage. Transistors M 11  and M 12 , along with capacitors C 7  and C 8 , and resistors R 3  and R 4  operated in this way may therefore sometimes be referred to collectively as a common source amplifier stage. Transistors M 11  and M 12  can be turned off by setting voltage Vcs to zero volts (to deactivate the common source amplifier stage) or can be turned on by setting voltage Vcs to a proper voltage level greater than 0 V (to activate the common source amplifier stage). 
     Switches  100 ,  102 ,  110 , and  112  shown in  FIG.  5 A  can be any type of semiconductor switches. As an example, at least some of these switches can be implemented as metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (e.g., NMOS or PMOS devices). As another example, at least some of these switches can be implemented as transmission gates (e.g., n-channel transistors and p-channel transistors coupled in parallel). As another example, at least some of these switches can be implemented as bipolar junction transistors. As another example, at least some of these switches can be implemented as micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) switches. In general, any type of semiconductor switching device can be used. 
       FIG.  5 B  is a circuit diagram showing low noise amplifier circuitry  52  of  FIG.  5 A  operated in the non-carrier-aggregation mode. As shown in  FIG.  5 B , second amplifier  64  is deactivated or idle in the non-carrier-aggregation mode. When second amplifier  64  is deactivated, current from secondary coil  60   s  will be fed to first amplifier  62 . In the non-carrier-aggregation mode, switches  100  are activated (turned on) to enable the cross-coupled capacitor connections. Switches  102  are turned off so the gate terminals of transistors M 1 -M 2  are biased using resistors Rb. Switching cross-coupled capacitors C 1  and C 2  into use can boost the transconductance of transistors M 1  and M 2  and can set the real part of the input impedance of the common gate amplifier stage (i.e., the impedance looking into the source terminals of transistors M 1  and M 2 ) equal to the inverse of the transconductance. In the non-carrier-aggregation mode, the common source amplifier stage in first amplifier  62  is turned off (e.g., by setting Vcs to 0 V). 
       FIG.  5 C  is a circuit diagram showing amplifier circuitry  52  operated in the carrier-aggregation mode. As shown in  FIG.  5 C , both first amplifier  62  and second amplifier  64  are activated in the carrier-aggregation mode. When both amplifiers  62  and  64  are in use, current from secondary transformer coil  60   s  will be split between first amplifier  62  and second amplifier  64 . Splitting current between the two amplifiers will decrease the gain of each amplifier if no other change is made. To help recover any potential gain that might be lost due to the current split, the common source amplifier stage in first amplifier  62  and the common source amplifier stage in second amplifier  64  are activated by setting Vcs to a proper voltage value. 
     Operated in this way, the common source amplifier stage can help increase the gain of each amplifier in the carrier-aggregation mode. Cross-coupling the common source amplifier stage with the cascode amplifier stage can also cancel noise and higher order non-linearity terms such as third-order non-linearity (IM3) and/or other harmonic terms that might arise from the cascode amplifier stage. The gain of the common source amplifier stage should be matched to the gain of the cascode amplifier stage to ensure optimal cancelling of noise and the harmonic distortion components. 
     When both amplifier  62  and amplifier  64  are activated, the overall input impedance as seen from the two terminals of secondary coil  60   s  will be different than when only first amplifier  62  is activated. For instance, the first terminal of coil  60   s  will now convey current to the source terminals of both transistors M 1  and M 7 , whereas the second terminal of coil  60   s  will convey current to the source terminals of both transistors M 2  and M 8 . To compensate for this change in loading, the cross-coupled capacitors in each of the common gate stages are disabled by deactivating switches  100  and  110  in the carrier-aggregation mode. Switches  102  will be turned on to bias the gate terminals of transistors M 1  and M 2  to common gate bias voltage Vcg. Similarly, switches  112  will be turned on to bias the gate terminals of transistors M 7  and M 8  to voltage Vcg. 
     By deactivating the cross-coupled capacitors and activating the common gate biasing, the overall input impedance from the perspective of secondary coil  60   s  will again be equal to the inverse of the transconductance of transistors M 1 , M 2 , M 7 , and M 8 . The sizes of the common gate transistors M 1 , M 2 , M 7 , and M 8  should be the same so that input impedance can be maintained and matched when switching between the non-carrier-aggregation mode and the carrier-aggregation mode. Thus, by activating on the cross-coupled common source stage and by deactivating the cross-coupled capacitors in the common gate stage, the gain and input impedance of amplifier circuitry  52  can be matched across the two modes  70  and  72 . 
     The embodiment of  FIG.  5 A  in which the input signal is split at the input of the common gate amplifier stages is merely illustrative (e.g., secondary coil  60   s  has terminals coupled to both common gate amplifier stages in amplifiers  62  and  64 ).  FIG.  6 A  shows another embodiment in which the input signal is split at the output of a shared common gate amplifier stage  150 . Shared common gate amplifier stage  150  may include transistors M 1  and M 2 . 
     Transistor M 1  has a source (input) terminal coupled to the first terminal of secondary coil  60   s , a gate (control) terminal, and a drain (output) terminal. Transistor M 2  has a source (input) terminal coupled to the second terminal of secondary coil  60   s , a gate terminal, and a drain (output) terminal. The gate terminal of transistor M 1  may be selectively coupled to the source terminal of transistor M 2  via a capacitor C 1  by turning on and off a first switch  100 . Similarly, the gate terminal of transistor M 2  may be selectively coupled to the source terminal of transistor M 1  via a capacitor C 2  by turning on and off a second switch  100 . Thus, when switches  100  are activated, transistors M 1  and M 2  are said to be cross-coupled via capacitors C 1  and C 2  (e.g., the control terminal of M 1  is cross-coupled to the input terminal of M 2  via C 1 , whereas the control terminal of M 2  is cross-coupled to the input terminal of M 1  via C 2 ). 
     The gate terminal of transistor M 1  can also be coupled to a common gate voltage line on which common gate voltage Vcg is provided via a first biasing resistor Rb and a first switch  102 . When transistor M 1  is on and connected to the cross-coupled capacitors C 1  and C 2  (i.e., when switches  100  are turned on), first switch  102  is off and the gate of transistor M 1  is biased through resistor Rb connected to voltage Vcg. When transistor M 1  is on and disconnected from the cross-coupled capacitors C 1  and C 2  (i.e., when switches  100  are turned off), first switch  102  is on and the gate of transistor M 1  is directly connected to DC voltage Vcg. When transistor M 1  is off, voltage Vcg is set to 0 V. Voltage Vcg may have some intermediate voltage level between the ground voltage level and a positive power supply voltage level Vdd that powers amplifier circuitry  52 . If desired, common gate voltage Vcg may also be equal to positive power supply voltage Vdd. 
     Similarly, the gate terminal of transistor M 2  can also be coupled to the common gate voltage line via a second biasing resistor Rb and a second switch  102 . When transistor M 2  is on and connected to the cross-coupled capacitors C 1  and C 2  (i.e., when switches  100  are turned on), second switch  102  is off and the gate of transistor M 2  is biased through second resistor Rb connected to voltage Vcg. When transistor M 2  is on and disconnected from the cross-coupled capacitors C 1  and C 2  (i.e., when switches  100  are turned off), second switch  102  is on and the gate of transistor M 2  is directly connected to DC voltage Vcg. When transistor M 2  is off, voltage Vcg is set to 0 V. Transistors M 1  and M 2 , along with cross-coupled capacitors C 1  and C 2  and the associated switches  100  and  102 , operated in this way may therefore sometimes be referred to collectively as a common gate amplifier stage. Switches  100  and  102  and the DC voltage level of Vcg may therefore be used to control the shared common gate amplifier stage. 
     The output (drain) terminal of transistor M 1  can then be coupled to first amplifier  62  and second amplifier  64 . Similarly, the output (drain) terminal of transistor M 2  can then be coupled to first amplifier  62  and second amplifier  64 . First amplifier  62  may include a first cascode common gate amplifier stage (which includes transistors M 3  and M 4 ) and a first cross-coupled common source amplifier stage (which includes components M 5 , M 6 , C 3 , C 4 , R 1 , and R 2 ), the details of which are similar to that already described in connection with  FIG.  5 A  and need not be reiterated for the sake of clarity. Second amplifier  62  may include a second cascode common gate amplifier stage (which includes transistors M 9  and M 10 ) and a second cross-coupled common source amplifier stage (which includes components M 11 , M 12 , C 7 , C 8 , R 3 , and R 4 ), the details of which are also similar to that already described in connection with  FIG.  5 A  and need not be reiterated for the sake of clarity. Although shared common gate amplifier stage  150  is shown as a separate sub-circuit from amplifiers  62  and  64 , amplifier stage  150  may sometimes be considered to be a part of first amplifier  62  and part of second amplifier  64 . 
       FIG.  6 B  is a circuit diagram showing low noise amplifier circuitry  52  of  FIG.  6 A  operated in the non-carrier-aggregation mode. As shown in  FIG.  6 B , second amplifier  64  is deactivated or idle in the non-carrier-aggregation mode. When second amplifier  64  is deactivated, current from the output of shared common gate amplifier stage  150  will be fed to first amplifier  62 . In the non-carrier-aggregation mode, switches  100  are activated (turned on) to enable the cross-coupled capacitor connections. Switching cross-coupled capacitors C 1  and C 2  into use can boost the transconductance of transistors M 1  and M 2  and can set the real part of the input impedance of the shared common gate amplifier stage (i.e., the impedance looking into the source terminals of transistors M 1  and M 2 ) equal to the inverse of the transconductance. In the non-carrier-aggregation mode, the common source amplifier stage in first amplifier  62  is deactivated (e.g., by setting Vcs to 0 V). 
       FIG.  6 C  is a circuit diagram showing amplifier circuitry  52  operated in the carrier-aggregation mode. As shown in  FIG.  6 C , both first amplifier  62  and second amplifier  64  are activated in the carrier-aggregation mode. When both amplifiers  62  and  64  are in use, current from shared common gate amplifier stage  150  will be split between first amplifier  62  and second amplifier  64 . Splitting current between the two amplifiers will decrease the gain of each amplifier if no other change is made. To help recover any potential gain that might be lost due to the signal split, the common source amplifier stage in first amplifier  62  and the common source amplifier stage in second amplifier  64  are activated by setting Vcs to a proper voltage level. 
     Operated in this way, the common source amplifier stage can help increase the gain of each amplifier in the carrier-aggregation mode. Cross-coupling the common source amplifier stage with the cascode amplifier stage can also cancel noise and higher order non-linearity terms such as third-order non-linearity (IM3) and/or other harmonic terms that might arise from the cascode amplifier stage. The gain of the common source amplifier stage should be matched to the gain of the cascode amplifier stage to ensure optimal cancelling of noise and the harmonic distortion components. 
     Since the common gate amplifier stage  150  is shared between first amplifier  62  and second amplifier  64 , switches  100  can remain activated in the carrier-aggregation mode and still maintain input impedance matching. Thus, the input impedance from the perspective of secondary coil  60   s  can remain the same without changing the switching configuration of the shared common gate amplifier stage  150  when switching between the non-carrier-aggregation mode and the carrier-aggregation mode (e.g., switches  100  are turned on in both mode  70  and mode  72 ). 
     The example of  FIG.  6 C  in which the cross-coupled capacitors in the shared common gate amplifier stage remains unchanged when switching between the non-carrier-aggregation mode and the carrier-aggregation mode is merely illustrative.  FIG.  6 D  illustrates another embodiment in which the cross-coupled capacitors in shared common gate amplifier stage  150  is deactivated in the carrier-aggregation mode. As shown in  FIG.  6 D , both first amplifier  62  and second amplifier  64  are activated in the carrier-aggregation mode. When both amplifiers  62  and  64  are in use, current from shared common gate amplifier stage  150  will be split between first amplifier  62  and second amplifier  64 . Splitting current between the two amplifiers will decrease the gain of each amplifier if no other change is made. To help recover any potential gain that might be lost due to the signal split, the common source amplifier stage in first amplifier  62  and the common source amplifier stage in second amplifier  64  are activated by setting Vcs to a proper voltage level. 
     Operated in this way, the common source amplifier stage can help increase the gain of each amplifier in the carrier-aggregation mode. Cross-coupling the common source amplifier stage with the cascode amplifier stage can also cancel noise and higher order non-linearity terms such as third-order non-linearity (IM3) and/or other harmonic terms that might arise from the cascode amplifier stage. The gain of the common source amplifier stage should be matched to the gain of the cascode amplifier stage to ensure optimal cancelling of noise and the harmonic distortion components. 
     In the example of  FIG.  6 D , switches  100  are turned off to deactivate the cross-coupled capacitors C 1  and C 2 , and switches  102  are turned on to bias the gate terminals of transistors M 1  and M 2  to the common gate bias voltage Vcg. Deactivating cross-coupled capacitors C 1  and C 2  in shared common gate amplifier stage  150  may reduce the transconductance of transistors M 1  and M 2 , which can alter the input impedance of common gate amplifier stage  150 . To compensate for this reduction in the transconductance, the current flowing through transistors M 1  and M 2  can be increased by raising common gate bias voltage Vcg. Elevating voltage Vcg in the carrier-aggregation mode can help boost the transconductance of transistors M 1  and M 2  and improve the linearity of amplifier circuitry  52 . Thus, even though the cross-coupled capacitors are deactivated, boosting common gate voltage Vcg to increase the transconductance of transistors M 1  and M 2  can help maintain input impedance matching in the carrier-aggregation mode. 
     The embodiments of  FIGS.  5 A and  6 A  where secondary coil  60   s  is coupled to both first amplifier  62  and second amplifier  64  is merely illustrative.  FIG.  7 A  shows another embodiment of amplifier circuitry  52  in which amplifiers  62  and  64  each have its own separate secondary transformer coil. Primary coil  60   p  has a first terminal coupled to input port RFIN via a series capacitor Cseries and a second terminal coupled to the ground line. A shunt capacitor Cshunt is also coupled to input port RFIN. Capacitors Cseries and Cshunt can sometimes be considered to be a part of the input transformer circuitry. Capacitors Cseries and Cshunt may be adjustable capacitors. In general, adjustable capacitors may be implemented as an array (bank) of capacitors a portion of which can be activated depending on the desired capacitance value, a variable capacitor sometimes referred to as a varactor or varicap, voltage tuned capacitors, digitally tuned capacitors, mechanically controlled variable capacitors, a combination of these capacitors, or other types of tunable capacitive components. 
     First amplifier  62  has a first secondary coil  60   s - 1  inductively coupled to primary coil  60   p  (see, e.g., first coupling path K 1 ). Secondary coil  60   s - 1  has a first terminal coupled to the input (source) terminal of transistor M 1 , a second terminal coupled to the input (source) terminal of transistor M 2 , and a center tap coupled to ground. A first amplifier input capacitor Cin 1  may be coupled across (in parallel with) secondary coil  60   s - 1 . Capacitor Cin 1  may also be an adjustable capacitive component having different capacitance values in the non-carrier-aggregation mode and the carrier-aggregation mode. Capacitor Cin 1  may therefore sometimes also be referred to as an adjustable input shunt capacitor. 
     The common gate amplifier stage of first amplifier  62  may have capacitors C 1  and C 2  that are always cross-coupled with transistors M 1  and M 2 . The tuning capability of capacitor Cin 1  obviates the need for additional switches such as switches  100  and  102  in  FIG.  5 A . The gate terminals of M 1  and M 2  may be biased to voltage Vcg using respective biasing resistors Rb. If desired, however, switches  100  and  102  may also be included as part of the common gate amplifier stage to provide flexibility. First amplifier  62  may further include a first cascode common gate amplifier stage (which includes transistors M 3  and M 4 ) and a first cross-coupled common source amplifier stage (which includes components M 5 , M 6 , C 3 , C 4 , R 1 , and R 2 ), the details of which are similar to that already described in connection with  FIG.  5 A  and need not be reiterated for the sake of clarity. If desired, a first output capacitor Cout 1  may also be coupled across the first carrier aggregation output port CAL. The capacitance of Cout 1  may be the same in the non-carrier-aggregation mode and the carrier-aggregation mode. Capacitor Cout 11  may also be an adjustable capacitive component that is controlled for the purpose of frequency response tuning and/or channel selection. 
     Second amplifier  64  has another secondary coil  60   s - 2  inductively coupled to primary coil  60   p  (see, e.g., second coupling path K 2 ). Secondary coil  60   s - 2  has a first terminal coupled to the input (source) terminal of transistor M 7 , a second terminal coupled to the input (source) terminal of transistor M 8 , and a center tap coupled to ground. A second amplifier input capacitor Cin 2  may be coupled across (in parallel with) secondary coil  60   s - 2 . Capacitor Cin 2  may also be an adjustable capacitive component having different capacitance values in the non-carrier-aggregation mode and the carrier-aggregation mode. Capacitor Cin 2  may therefore sometimes also be referred to as an adjustable input shunt capacitor. 
     The common gate amplifier stage of second amplifier  64  may have capacitors C 5  and C 6  that are always cross-coupled with transistors M 7  and M 8 . The tuning capability of capacitor Cin 2  obviates the need for additional switches such as switches  110  and  112  in  FIG.  5 A . The gate terminals of M 7  and M 8  may be biased to voltage Vcg using respective biasing resistors Rb. If desired, however, switches  110  and  112  may also be included as part of the common gate amplifier stage in second amplifier  64  to provide flexibility. Second amplifier  64  may further include a second cascode common gate amplifier stage (which includes transistors M 9  and M 10 ) and a second cross-coupled common source amplifier stage (which includes components M 11 , M 12 , C 7 , C 8 , R 3 , and R 4 ), the details of which are similar to that already described in connection with  FIG.  5 A  and need not be reiterated for the sake of clarity. If desired, a second output capacitor Cout 2  may also be coupled across the second carrier aggregation output port CA 2 . The capacitance of Cout 2  may be the same in the non-carrier-aggregation mode and the carrier-aggregation mode. Capacitor Cout 12  may also be an adjustable capacitive component that is controlled for the purpose of frequency response tuning and/or channel selection. 
       FIG.  7 B  is a circuit diagram showing low noise amplifier circuitry  52  of  FIG.  7 A  operated in the non-carrier-aggregation mode. As shown in  FIG.  7 B , second amplifier  64  is deactivated or idle in the non-carrier-aggregation mode. Current flowing through primary coil  60   p  will generate an electromagnetic flux in the transformer, which will induce a corresponding current to flow through secondary coil  60   s - 1 . In the non-carrier-aggregation mode, capacitor Cin 1  will be adjusted to a first capacitance value to provide the necessary input impedance matching at the input of first amplifier  62 . In the non-carrier-aggregation mode, the common source amplifier stage in first amplifier  62  is turned off (e.g., by setting Vcs to 0 V). 
       FIG.  7 C  is a circuit diagram showing amplifier circuitry  52  operated in the carrier-aggregation mode. As shown in  FIG.  7 C , both first amplifier  62  and second amplifier  64  are activated in the carrier-aggregation mode. When both amplifiers  62  and  64  are in use, current flowing through primary coil  60   p  will generate an electromagnetic flux in the transformer, which will induce a corresponding current to flow through secondary coil  60   s - 1  and a corresponding current to flow through secondary coil  60   s - 2 . In the carrier-aggregation mode, capacitor Cin 1  will be adjusted to a second capacitance value to provide the necessary input impedance matching at the input of first amplifier  62 . Similarly, capacitor Cin 2  can be adjusted to the second capacitance value to provide the requisite input impedance matching at the input of second amplifier  64 . Adjusting capacitors Cin 1  and Cin 2  can therefore help maintain input impedance matching for amplifier circuitry  52  when switching between the non-carrier-aggregation mode and the carrier-aggregation mode. 
     During the carrier-aggregation mode, the common source amplifier stage in first amplifier  62  and the common source amplifier stage in second amplifier  64  are activated by setting Vcs to a proper voltage value. Cross-coupling the common source amplifier stage with the cascode amplifier stage can help cancel noise and higher order non-linearity terms such as third-order non-linearity (IM3) and/or other harmonic terms that might arise from the cascode amplifier stage. The gain of the common source amplifier stage should be matched to the gain of the cascode amplifier stage to ensure optimal cancelling of noise and the harmonic distortion components. 
     The methods and operations described above in connection with  FIGS.  1 - 7    may be performed by the components of device  10  using software, firmware, and/or hardware (e.g., dedicated circuitry or hardware). Software code for performing these operations may be stored on non-transitory computer readable storage media (e.g., tangible computer readable storage media) stored on one or more of the components of device  10  (e.g., storage circuitry  16  and/or wireless communications circuitry  24  of  FIG.  1   ). The software code may sometimes be referred to as software, data, instructions, program instructions, or code. The non-transitory computer readable storage media may include drives, non-volatile memory such as non-volatile random-access memory (NVRAM), removable flash drives or other removable media, other types of random-access memory, etc. Software stored on the non-transitory computer readable storage media may be executed by processing circuitry on one or more of the components of device  10  (e.g., processing circuitry in wireless circuitry  24 , processing circuitry  18  of  FIG.  1   , etc.). The processing circuitry may include microprocessors, application processors, digital signal processors, central processing units (CPUs), application-specific integrated circuits with processing circuitry, or other processing circuitry. 
     The foregoing is merely illustrative and various modifications can be made to the described embodiments. The foregoing embodiments may be implemented individually or in any combination.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20220920
Publication Date: 20230530
Grant Date: 20230530
Priority Date: 20200922
Inventors: MOHAMMADNEZHAD, SEYED MOHAMMAD HOSSEIN
YAO, XI
ISMAIL, ALY
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H03F3/68", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H03F2203/7209", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H03F3/245", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H03F2200/451", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H03F2200/111", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H03F3/45179", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H03F2200/294", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H03F2203/45306", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H03F3/245", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H03F3/265", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H03F3/195", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H03F2200/294", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H03F1/523", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H03F2200/451", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H03F2200/451", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H03F2200/541", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H03F3/68", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H03F3/211", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H03F3/72", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H03F3/45179", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H03F1/223", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B1/40", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H03F2200/541", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H03F2200/541", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H03F2200/294", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H03F1/223", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H03F3/68", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H03F2200/451", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H03F3/195", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H03F3/245", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B1/40", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 77274192