PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-11550467-B2
Application Number: US-201815978124-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Device, method, and graphical user interface for managing data stored on a device

Abstract:
A method includes, while an application is installed on a device and a representation of the application has a designated location in a respective portion of an application launching user interface, detecting an application-demotion request to delete the application from the device without deleting associated data for the application. In response to detecting the application-demotion request, deleting the application from the device without deleting the associated data for the application. After deleting the application from the device, detecting a request to display the respective portion of the application launching user interface and, in response to detecting the request to display the respective portion of the application launching user interface, displaying the respective portion of the application launching user interface, including displaying the representation of the application in the designated location in the respective portion of the application launching user interface.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A method comprising:
 at a device with one or more processors, a display, and one or more input devices:
 while an application is installed on the device and a representation of the application has a designated location in a respective portion of an application launching user interface, concurrently displaying:
 an application-demotion affordance for deleting, the application from the device without deleting associated data for the application, and 
 an application-deletion affordance for deleting the application from the device and deleting the associated data for the application; 
 
 detecting, via the one or more input devices, a user input; 
 in response to detecting the user input:
 in accordance with a determination that the user input includes selection of the application-deletion affordance, deleting the application and deleting the associated data for the application; and 
 in accordance with a determination that the user input includes selection of the application-demotion affordance, deleting the application from the device without deleting the associated data for the application; and 
 
 while the application is deleted from the device without deleting the associated data for the application:
 detecting a request to display the respective portion of the application launching user interface; and 
 in response to detecting the request to display the respective portion of the application launching user interface, displaying, on the display, the respective portion of the application launching user interface, including displaying the representation of the application in the designated location in the respective portion of the application launching user interface. 
 
 
 
     
     
       2. The method of  claim 1 , wherein, while the application is deleted from the device without deleting the associated data for the application, displaying the representation of the application includes displaying a demotion indicia in association with the representation of the application. 
     
     
       3. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 while the application is deleted from the device without deleting the associated data for the application, detecting, via the one or more input devices, a user input at the designated location; and 
 in response to detecting the user input at the designated location, downloading the application and associating, with the application, the associated data for the application. 
 
     
     
       4. The method of  claim 3 , further comprising, in response to detecting the user input at the designated location, launching the application. 
     
     
       5. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 while the application is deleted from the device without deleting the associated data for the application, detecting, via the one or more input devices, a user input selecting the application-deletion affordance; and 
 in response to detecting the user input selecting the application-deletion affordance, deleting the associated data for the application from the device. 
 
     
     
       6. The method of  claim 5 , further comprising, while the application is deleted from the device and the associated data for the application is deleted from device:
 detecting a request to display the respective portion of the application launching user interface; and 
 in response to detecting the request to display the respective portion of the application launching user interface, displaying the respective portion of the application launching user interface without displaying the representation of the application in the designated location in the respective portion of the application launching user interface. 
 
     
     
       7. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising detecting, via the one or more input devices, selection of an option to enable automatic demotion of applications. 
     
     
       8. The method of  claim 7 , wherein the automatic demotion of applications is based on one or more of an amount of free storage of the device, a size of an application, and a time of last-use of an application. 
     
     
       9. The method of  claim 8 , wherein the time of last-use is based on use of an extension of the application. 
     
     
       10. An electronic device comprising:
 a display, 
 one or more input devices; and 
 one or more processors configured to:
 while an application is installed on the device and a representation of the application has a designated location in a respective portion of an application launching user interface, concurrently display:
 an application-demotion affordance for deleting, the application from the device without deleting associated data for the application, and 
 an application-deletion affordance for deleting the application from the device and deleting the associated data for the application; 
 
 detect, via the one or more input devices, a user input; 
 in response to detecting the user input
 in accordance with a determination that the user input includes selection of the application-deletion affordance, delete the application and delete the associated data for the application; and 
 in accordance with a determination that the user input includes selection of the application-demotion affordance, delete the application from the device without deleting the associated data for the application; and 
 
 while the application is deleted from the device without deleting the associated data for the application:
 detect a request to display the respective portion of the application launching user interface; and 
 in response to detecting the request to display the respective portion of the application launching user interface, display, on the display, the respective portion of the application launching user interface, including displaying the representation of the application in the designated location in the respective portion of the application launching user interface. 
 
 
 
     
     
       11. The electronic device of  claim 10 , wherein, while the application is deleted from the device without deleting the associated data for the application, the one or more processors are configured to display the representation of the application by displaying a demotion indicia in association with the representation of the application. 
     
     
       12. The electronic device of  claim 10 , wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
 while the application is deleted from the device without deleting the associated data for the application, detect, via the one or more input devices, a user input at the designated location; and 
 in response to detecting the user input at the designated location, download the application and associate, with the application, the associated data for the application. 
 
     
     
       13. The electronic device of  claim 12 , wherein the one or more processors are further configured to, in response to detecting the user input at the designated location, launch the application. 
     
     
       14. The electronic device of  claim 10 , wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
 while the application is deleted from the device without deleting the associated data for the application, detect, via the one or more input devices, a user input selecting the application-deletion affordance; and 
 in response to detecting the user input selecting the application-deletion affordance, delete the associated data for the application from the device. 
 
     
     
       15. The electronic device of  claim 14 , wherein the one or more processors are further configured to, while the application is deleted from the device and the associated data for the application is deleted from the device:
 detect a request to display the respective portion of the application launching user interface; and 
 in response to detecting the request to display the respective portion of the application launching user interface, display the respective portion of the application launching user interface without displaying the representation of the application in the designated location in the respective portion of the application launching user interface. 
 
     
     
       16. The electronic device of  claim 10 , wherein the one or more processors are configured to detect, via the one or more input devices, selection of an option to enable automatic demotion of applications. 
     
     
       17. The electronic device of  claim 16 , wherein the automatic demotion of applications is based on one or more of an amount of free storage of the device, a size of an application, and a time of last-use of an application. 
     
     
       18. The electronic device of  claim 17 , wherein the time of last-use is based on use of an extension of the application. 
     
     
       19. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the concurrently displaying further comprises displaying:
 an application size value indicating a first amount of storage used by the application; and 
 an associated data size value indicating a second amount of storage used by the associated data. 
 
     
     
       20. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions, which, when executed by an electronic device with a display, and one or more input devices, cause the electronic device to:
 while an application is installed on the device and a representation of the application has a designated location in a respective portion of an application launching user interface, concurrently display:
 an application-demotion affordance for deleting, the application from the device without deleting associated data for the application, and 
 an application-deletion affordance for deleting the application from the device and deleting the associated data for the application; 
 
 detect, via the one or more input devices, a user input; 
 in response to detecting the user input
 in accordance with a determination that the user input includes selection of the application-deletion affordance, delete the application and delete the associated data for the application; and 
 in accordance with a determination that the user input includes selection of the application-demotion affordance, delete the application from the device without deleting the associated data for the application; and 
 
 while the application is deleted from the device without deleting the associated data for the application:
 detect a request to display the respective portion of the application launching user interface; and 
 in response to detecting the request to display the respective portion of the application launching user interface, display, on the display, the respective portion of the application launching user interface, including displaying the representation of the application in the designated location in the respective portion of the application launching user interface. 
 
 
     
     
       21. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 20 , wherein, while the application is deleted from the device without deleting the associated data for the application, the one or more programs further cause the electronic device to display the representation of the application by displaying a demotion indicia in association with the representation of the application. 
     
     
       22. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 20 , wherein the one or more programs further cause the electronic device to:
 while the application is deleted from the device without deleting the associated data for the application, detect, via the one or more input devices, a user input at the designated location; and 
 in response to detecting the user input at the designated location, download the application and associate, with the application, the associated data for the application.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/506,735, filed on May 16, 2017, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Managing Data Stored on a Device,” the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates generally to electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces, including but not limited to electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces that manage data stored on a device. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The use of touch-sensitive surfaces as input devices for computers and other electronic computing devices has increased significantly in recent years. Example touch-sensitive surfaces include touchpads and touch-screen displays. Such surfaces are widely used to manipulate user interface objects on a display. Example manipulations include adjusting the position and/or size of one or more user interface objects or activating buttons or opening files/applications represented by user interface objects, as well as associating metadata with one or more user interface objects or otherwise manipulating user interfaces. Example user interface objects include digital images, video, text, icons, control elements such as buttons and other graphics. A user will, in some circumstances, need to perform such manipulations on user interface objects in a file management program (e.g., Finder from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), an image management application (e.g., Aperture, iPhoto, Photos from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), a digital content (e.g., videos and music) management application (e.g., iTunes from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), a drawing application, a presentation application (e.g., Keynote from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), a word processing application (e.g., Pages from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), a website creation application (e.g., iWeb from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), a disk authoring application (e.g., iDVD from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), or a spreadsheet application (e.g., Numbers from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.). 
     Some devices present user interfaces that can be manipulated to manage data stored on the device (e.g., within a non-transitory memory of the device), such as deleting data from the device, compressing data on the device, or organizing data on the device. But methods for performing these manipulations are cumbersome and inefficient. For example, these methods take longer than necessary, thereby wasting energy, a consideration that is particularly important in battery-operated devices. In addition, these methods manage the data inefficiently, thereby wasting storage space on the device, a consideration that is particularly important for portable devices with limited storage space. 
     SUMMARY 
     Accordingly, there is a need for electronic devices with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for managing data stored on a device. Such methods and interfaces optionally complement or replace conventional methods for managing data stored on a device. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges. 
     The above deficiencies and other problems associated with user interfaces for electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces are reduced or eliminated by the disclosed devices. In some embodiments, the device is a desktop computer. In some embodiments, the device is portable (e.g., a notebook computer, tablet computer, or handheld device). In some embodiments, the device has a touchpad. In some embodiments, the device has a touch-sensitive display (also known as a “touch screen” or “touch-screen display”). In some embodiments, the device has a graphical user interface (GUI), one or more processors, memory and one or more modules, programs or sets of instructions stored in the memory for performing multiple functions. In some embodiments, the user interacts with the GUI primarily through stylus and/or finger contacts and gestures on the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the functions optionally include image editing, drawing, presenting, word processing, website creating, disk authoring, spreadsheet making, game playing, telephoning, video conferencing, e-mailing, instant messaging, workout support, digital photographing, digital videoing, web browsing, digital music playing, and/or digital video playing. Executable instructions for performing these functions are, optionally, included in a non-transitory computer readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at a device with one or more processors, a display, and one or more input devices. The method includes detecting, via the one or more input devices, a storage management input indicative of a request to manage data stored on the device. In response to detecting the storage management input, the method includes displaying, on the display, a storage management user interface including a first storage management affordance that is associated with a first storage management operation and a second storage management affordance that is associated with a second storage management operation that is different from the first storage management operation. While displaying the storage management user interface, the method includes detecting, via the one or more input devices, a selection input selecting the first storage management affordance. In response to detecting the selection input, the method includes initiating a process for performing the first storage management operation. After initiating the process for performing the first storage management operation, the method includes displaying, on the display, the storage management user interface including the second storage management affordance and a third storage management affordance that is associated with a third storage management operation that is different from the first storage management operation and the second storage management operation. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at a device with one or more processors, a display, and one or more input devices. The method includes, while an application is installed on the device and a representation of the application has a designated location in a respective portion of an application launching user interface, detecting, via the one or more input devices, an application-demotion request to delete the application from the device without deleting the associated data for the application. In response to detecting the application-demotion request, the method includes deleting the application from the device without deleting the associated data for the application. After deleting the application from the device, the method includes detecting a request to display the respective portion of the application launching user interface. In response to detecting the request to display the respective portion of the application launching user interface, the method includes displaying, on the display, the respective portion of the application launching user interface, including displaying the representation of the application in the designated location in the respective portion of the application launching user interface. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes one or more processors, a display, and one or more input devices. The one or more processors are configured to detect, via the one or more input devices, a storage management input indicative of a request to manage data stored on the device. In response to detecting the storage management input, the one or more processors are configured to display, on the display, a storage management user interface including a first storage management affordance that is associated with a first storage management operation and a second storage management affordance that is associated with a second storage management operation that is different from the first storage management operation. While displaying the storage management user interface, the one or more processors are configured to detect, via the one or more input devices, a selection input selecting the first storage management affordance. In response to detecting the selection input, the one or more processors are configured to initiate a process for performing the first storage management operation. After initiating the process for performing the first storage management operation, the one or more processors are configured to display, on the display, the storage management user interface including the second storage management affordance and a third storage management affordance that is associated with a third storage management operation that is different from the first storage management operation and the second storage management operation. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes one or more processors, a display, and one or more input devices. The one or more processors are configured to, while an application is installed on the device and a representation of the application has a designated location in a respective portion of an application launching user interface, detect, via the one or more input devices, an application-demotion request to delete the application from the device without deleting the associated data for the application. In response to detecting the application-demotion request, the one or more processors are configured to delete the application from the device without deleting the associated data for the application. After deleting the application from the device, the one or more processors are configured to detect a request to display the respective portion of the application launching user interface. In response to detecting the request to display the respective portion of the application launching user interface, the one or more processors are configured to display, on the display, the respective portion of the application launching user interface, including displaying the representation of the application in the designated location in the respective portion of the application launching user interface. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display, an input device, one or more processors, non-transitory memory, and one or more programs; the one or more programs are stored in the non-transitory memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors and the one or more programs include instructions for performing or causing performance of the operations of any of the methods described herein. In accordance with some embodiments, a non-transitory computer readable storage medium has stored therein instructions which when executed by one or more processors of an electronic device with a display and an input device, cause the device to perform or cause performance of the operations of any of the methods described herein. In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface on an electronic device with a display, an input device, a memory, and one or more processors to execute one or more programs stored in the non-transitory memory includes one or more of the elements displayed in any of the methods described above, which are updated in response to inputs, as described in any of the methods described herein. In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes: a display, an input device; and means for performing or causing performance of the operations of any of the methods described herein. In accordance with some embodiments, an information processing apparatus, for use in an electronic device with a display and an input device, includes means for performing or causing performance of the operations of any of the methods described herein. 
     Thus, electronic devices with displays and one or more input devices are provided with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for managing data stored on a device, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for managing data stored on a device. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a better understanding of the various described embodiments, reference should be made to the Description of Embodiments below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures. 
         FIG.  1 A  is a block diagram illustrating a portable multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  1 B  is a block diagram illustrating example components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  2    illustrates a portable multifunction device having a touch screen in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  3    is a block diagram of an example multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  4 A  illustrates an example user interface for a menu of applications on a portable multifunction device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  4 B  illustrates an example user interface for a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS.  5 A- 5 AQ  illustrate example user interfaces for managing data stored on a device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS.  6 A- 6 F  are flow diagrams illustrating a method of managing data stored on a device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS.  7 A- 7 B  are flow diagrams illustrating a method of demoting an application in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     Many electronic devices have a limited available storage capacity. For example, in various implementations, a portable electronic device has an internal hard drive with a limited available stored capacity. Because the device has a limited available storage capacity, a user may desire to delete (or compress) data stored on the device in order to store other data on the device. Accordingly, in embodiments described below, a storage management user interface is presented to allow a user to efficiently manage storage at the storage location. 
     Below, a description of example devices illustrated in  FIGS.  1 A- 1 B,  2 , and  3    is provided.  FIGS.  4 A- 4 B and  5 A- 5 AQ  illustrate example user interfaces for managing data stored on a device.  FIGS.  6 A- 6 F  illustrate a flow diagram of a method of managing data stored on device.  FIGS.  7 A- 7 B  illustrate a flow diagram of a method of demoting an application. The user interfaces in  FIGS.  5 A- 5 AQ  are used to illustrate the processes in  FIGS.  6 A- 6 F and  7 A- 7 B . 
     Example Devices 
     Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the various described embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments. 
     It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. are, in some instances, used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first contact could be termed a second contact, and, similarly, a second contact could be termed a first contact, without departing from the scope of the various described embodiments. The first contact and the second contact are both contacts, but they are not the same contact, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. 
     The terminology used in the description of the various described embodiments herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various described embodiments and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     As used herein, the term “if” is, optionally, construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” is, optionally, construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event],” depending on the context. 
     Embodiments of electronic devices, user interfaces for such devices, and associated processes for using such devices are described. In some embodiments, the device is a portable communications device, such as a mobile telephone, that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/or music player functions. Example embodiments of portable multifunction devices include, without limitation, the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. Other portable electronic devices, such as laptops or tablet computers with touch-sensitive surfaces (e.g., touch-screen displays and/or touchpads), are, optionally, used. It should also be understood that, in some embodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but is a desktop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch-screen display and/or a touchpad). 
     In the discussion that follows, an electronic device that includes a display and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should be understood, however, that the electronic device optionally includes one or more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physical keyboard, a mouse and/or a joystick. 
     The device typically supports a variety of applications, such as one or more of the following: a drawing application, a presentation application, a word processing application, a website creation application, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheet application, a gaming application, a telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, a workout support application, a photo management application, a digital camera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing application, a digital music player application, and/or a digital video player application. 
     The various applications that are executed on the device optionally use at least one common physical user-interface device, such as the touch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitive surface as well as corresponding information displayed on the device are, optionally, adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physical architecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the device optionally supports the variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and transparent to the user. 
     Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable devices with touch-sensitive displays.  FIG.  1 A  is a block diagram illustrating portable multifunction device  100  with touch-sensitive display system  112  in accordance with some embodiments. Touch-sensitive display system  112  is sometimes called a “touch screen” for convenience, and is sometimes simply called a touch-sensitive display. Device  100  includes memory  102  (which optionally includes one or more computer readable storage mediums), memory controller  120 , one or more processing units (CPUs)  122 , peripherals interface  118 , RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , input/output (I/O) subsystem  106 , other input or control devices  116 , and external port  124 . Device  100  optionally includes one or more optical sensors  164 . Device  100  optionally includes one or more contact intensity sensors  165  for detecting intensity of contacts on device  100  (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive display system  112  of device  100 ). Device  100  optionally includes one or more tactile output generators  163  for generating tactile outputs on device  100  (e.g., generating tactile outputs on a touch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive display system  112  of device  100  or touchpad  355  of device  300 ). These components optionally communicate over one or more communication buses or signal lines  103 . 
     As used in the specification and claims, the term “tactile output” refers to physical displacement of a device relative to a previous position of the device, physical displacement of a component (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface) of a device relative to another component (e.g., housing) of the device, or displacement of the component relative to a center of mass of the device that will be detected by a user with the user&#39;s sense of touch. For example, in situations where the device or the component of the device is in contact with a surface of a user that is sensitive to touch (e.g., a finger, palm, or other part of a user&#39;s hand), the tactile output generated by the physical displacement will be interpreted by the user as a tactile sensation corresponding to a perceived change in physical characteristics of the device or the component of the device. For example, movement of a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch-sensitive display or trackpad) is, optionally, interpreted by the user as a “down click” or “up click” of a physical actuator button. In some cases, a user will feel a tactile sensation such as a “down click” or an “up click” even when there is no movement of a physical actuator button associated with the touch-sensitive surface that is physically pressed (e.g., displaced) by the user&#39;s movements. As another example, movement of the touch-sensitive surface is, optionally, interpreted or sensed by the user as “roughness” of the touch-sensitive surface, even when there is no change in smoothness of the touch-sensitive surface. While such interpretations of touch by a user will be subject to the individualized sensory perceptions of the user, there are many sensory perceptions of touch that are common to a large majority of users. Thus, when a tactile output is described as corresponding to a particular sensory perception of a user (e.g., an “up click,” a “down click,” “roughness”), unless otherwise stated, the generated tactile output corresponds to physical displacement of the device or a component thereof that will generate the described sensory perception for a typical (or average) user. 
     It should be appreciated that device  100  is only one example of a portable multifunction device, and that device  100  optionally has more or fewer components than shown, optionally combines two or more components, or optionally has a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown in  FIG.  1 A  are implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof, including one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits. 
     Memory  102  optionally includes high-speed random access memory and optionally also includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Access to memory  102  by other components of device  100 , such as CPU(s)  122  and the peripherals interface  118 , is, optionally, controlled by memory controller  120 . 
     Peripherals interface  118  can be used to couple input and output peripherals of the device to CPU(s)  122  and memory  102 . The one or more processors  122  run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in memory  102  to perform various functions for device  100  and to process data. 
     In some embodiments, peripherals interface  118 , CPU(s)  122 , and memory controller  120  are, optionally, implemented on a single chip, such as chip  104 . In some other embodiments, they are, optionally, implemented on separate chips. 
     RF (radio frequency) circuitry  108  receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  108  converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  108  optionally includes well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RF circuitry  108  optionally communicates with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), Evolution, Data-Only (EV-DO), HSPA, HSPA+, Dual-Cell HSPA (DC-HSPDA), long term evolution (LTE), near field communication (NFC), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11ac, IEEE 802.11ax, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document. 
     Audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , and microphone  113  provide an audio interface between a user and device  100 . Audio circuitry  110  receives audio data from peripherals interface  118 , converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to speaker  111 . Speaker  111  converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves. Audio circuitry  110  also receives electrical signals converted by microphone  113  from sound waves. Audio circuitry  110  converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to peripherals interface  118  for processing. Audio data is, optionally, retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory  102  and/or RF circuitry  108  by peripherals interface  118 . In some embodiments, audio circuitry  110  also includes a headset jack (e.g.,  212 ,  FIG.  2   ). The headset jack provides an interface between audio circuitry  110  and removable audio input/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headset with both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input (e.g., a microphone). 
     I/O subsystem  106  couples input/output peripherals on device  100 , such as touch-sensitive display system  112  and other input or control devices  116 , with peripherals interface  118 . I/O subsystem  106  optionally includes display controller  156 , optical sensor controller  158 , intensity sensor controller  159 , haptic feedback controller  161 , and one or more input controllers  160  for other input or control devices. The one or more input controllers  160  receive/send electrical signals from/to other input or control devices  116 . The other input or control devices  116  optionally include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s)  160  are, optionally, coupled with any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, infrared port, USB port, stylus, and/or a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g.,  208 ,  FIG.  2   ) optionally include an up/down button for volume control of speaker  111  and/or microphone  113 . The one or more buttons optionally include a push button (e.g.,  206 ,  FIG.  2   ). 
     Touch-sensitive display system  112  provides an input interface and an output interface between the device and a user. Display controller  156  receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to touch-sensitive display system  112 . Touch-sensitive display system  112  displays visual output to the user. The visual output optionally includes graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all of the visual output corresponds to user-interface objects. 
     Touch-sensitive display system  112  has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor or set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic/tactile contact. Touch-sensitive display system  112  and display controller  156  (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory  102 ) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on touch-sensitive display system  112  and converts the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages or images) that are displayed on touch-sensitive display system  112 . In an example embodiment, a point of contact between touch-sensitive display system  112  and the user corresponds to a finger of the user or a stylus. 
     Touch-sensitive display system  112  optionally uses LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED (light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologies are used in other embodiments. Touch-sensitive display system  112  and display controller  156  optionally detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of a plurality of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with touch-sensitive display system  112 . In an example embodiment, projected mutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. 
     Touch-sensitive display system  112  optionally has a video resolution in excess of 100 dpi. In some embodiments, the touch screen video resolution is in excess of 400 dpi (e.g., 500 dpi, 800 dpi, or greater). The user optionally makes contact with touch-sensitive display system  112  using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to work with finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired by the user. 
     In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, device  100  optionally includes a touchpad (not shown) for activating or deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output. The touchpad is, optionally, a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from touch-sensitive display system  112  or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen. 
     Device  100  also includes power system  162  for powering the various components. Power system  162  optionally includes a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices. 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more optical sensors  164 .  FIG.  1 A  shows an optical sensor coupled with optical sensor controller  158  in I/O subsystem  106 . Optical sensor(s)  164  optionally include charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistors. Optical sensor(s)  164  receive light from the environment, projected through one or more lens, and converts the light to data representing an image. In conjunction with imaging module  143  (also called a camera module), optical sensor(s)  164  optionally capture still images and/or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch-sensitive display system  112  on the front of the device, so that the touch screen is enabled for use as a viewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition. In some embodiments, another optical sensor is located on the front of the device so that the user&#39;s image is obtained (e.g., for selfies, for videoconferencing while the user views the other video conference participants on the touch screen, etc.). 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more contact intensity sensors  165 .  FIG.  1 A  shows a contact intensity sensor coupled with intensity sensor controller  159  in I/O subsystem  106 . Contact intensity sensor(s)  165  optionally include one or more piezoresistive strain gauges, capacitive force sensors, electric force sensors, piezoelectric force sensors, optical force sensors, capacitive touch-sensitive surfaces, or other intensity sensors (e.g., sensors used to measure the force (or pressure) of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface). Contact intensity sensor(s)  165  receive contact intensity information (e.g., pressure information or a proxy for pressure information) from the environment. In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112 ). In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch-screen display system  112  which is located on the front of device  100 . 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more proximity sensors  166 .  FIG.  1 A  shows proximity sensor  166  coupled with peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, proximity sensor  166  is coupled with input controller  160  in I/O subsystem  106 . In some embodiments, the proximity sensor turns off and disables touch-sensitive display system  112  when the multifunction device is placed near the user&#39;s ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call). 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more tactile output generators  163 .  FIG.  1 A  shows a tactile output generator coupled with haptic feedback controller  161  in I/O subsystem  106 . Tactile output generator(s)  163  optionally include one or more electroacoustic devices such as speakers or other audio components and/or electromechanical devices that convert energy into linear motion such as a motor, solenoid, electroactive polymer, piezoelectric actuator, electrostatic actuator, or other tactile output generating component (e.g., a component that converts electrical signals into tactile outputs on the device). Tactile output generator(s)  163  receive tactile feedback generation instructions from haptic feedback module  133  and generates tactile outputs on device  100  that are capable of being sensed by a user of device  100 . In some embodiments, at least one tactile output generator is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112 ) and, optionally, generates a tactile output by moving the touch-sensitive surface vertically (e.g., in/out of a surface of device  100 ) or laterally (e.g., back and forth in the same plane as a surface of device  100 ). In some embodiments, at least one tactile output generator sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch-sensitive display system  112 , which is located on the front of device  100 . 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more accelerometers  167 , gyroscopes  168 , and/or magnetometers  169  (e.g., as part of an inertial measurement unit (IMU)) for obtaining information concerning the position (e.g., attitude) of the device.  FIG.  1 A  shows sensors  167 ,  168 , and  169  coupled with peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, sensors  167 ,  168 , and  169  are, optionally, coupled with an input controller  160  in I/O subsystem  106 . In some embodiments, information is displayed on the touch-screen display in a portrait view or a landscape view based on an analysis of data received from the one or more accelerometers. Device  100  optionally includes a GPS (or GLONASS or other global navigation system) receiver (not shown) for obtaining information concerning the location of device  100 . 
     In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory  102  include operating system  126 , communication module (or set of instructions)  128 , contact/motion module (or set of instructions)  130 , graphics module (or set of instructions)  132 , haptic feedback module (or set of instructions)  133 , text input module (or set of instructions)  134 , Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set of instructions)  135 , and applications (or sets of instructions)  136 . Furthermore, in some embodiments, memory  102  stores device/global internal state  157 , as shown in  FIGS.  1 A and  3   . Device/global internal state  157  includes one or more of: active application state, indicating which applications, if any, are currently active; display state, indicating what applications, views or other information occupy various regions of touch-sensitive display system  112 ; sensor state, including information obtained from the device&#39;s various sensors and other input or control devices  116 ; and location and/or positional information concerning the device&#39;s location and/or attitude. 
     Operating system  126  (e.g., iOS, Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components. 
     Communication module  128  facilitates communication with other devices over one or more external ports  124  and also includes various software components for handling data received by RF circuitry  108  and/or external port  124 . External port  124  (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the 30-pin connector used in some iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. In some embodiments, the external port is a Lightning connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the Lightning connector used in some iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. 
     Contact/motion module  130  optionally detects contact with touch-sensitive display system  112  (in conjunction with display controller  156 ) and other touch-sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). Contact/motion module  130  includes software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact (e.g., by a finger or by a stylus), such as determining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-down event), determining an intensity of the contact (e.g., the force or pressure of the contact or a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact), determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact). Contact/motion module  130  receives contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which is represented by a series of contact data, optionally includes determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. These operations are, optionally, applied to single contacts (e.g., one finger contacts or stylus contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g., “multitouch”/multiple finger contacts and/or stylus contacts). In some embodiments, contact/motion module  130  and display controller  156  detect contact on a touchpad. 
     Contact/motion module  130  optionally detects a gesture input by a user. Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contact patterns (e.g., different motions, timings, and/or intensities of detected contacts). Thus, a gesture is, optionally, detected by detecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a finger tap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event at the same position (or substantially the same position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequently followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event. Similarly, tap, swipe, drag, and other gestures are optionally detected for a stylus by detecting a particular contact pattern for the stylus. 
     Graphics module  132  includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics on touch-sensitive display system  112  or other display, including components for changing the visual impact (e.g., brightness, transparency, saturation, contrast or other visual property) of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics” includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including without limitation text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations and the like. 
     In some embodiments, graphics module  132  stores data representing graphics to be used. Each graphic is, optionally, assigned a corresponding code. Graphics module  132  receives, from applications etc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with, if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and then generates screen image data to output to display controller  156 . 
     Haptic feedback module  133  includes various software components for generating instructions used by tactile output generator(s)  163  to produce tactile outputs at one or more locations on device  100  in response to user interactions with device  100 . 
     Text input module  134 , which is, optionally, a component of graphics module  132 , provides soft keyboards for entering text in various applications (e.g., contacts  137 , e-mail client  140 , IM  141 , browser  147 , and any other application that needs text input). 
     GPS module  135  determines the location of the device and provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone  138  for use in location-based dialing, to camera  143  as picture/video metadata, and to applications that provide location-based services such as weather widgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets). 
     Applications  136  optionally include the following modules (or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof:
         contacts module  137  (sometimes called an address book or contact list);   telephone module  138 ;   video conference module  139 ;   e-mail client module  140 ;   instant messaging (IM) module  141 ;   workout support module  142 ;   camera module  143  for still and/or video images;   image management module  144 ;   browser module  147 ;   calendar module  148 ;   widget modules  149 , which optionally include one or more of: weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  149 - 3 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , dictionary widget  149 - 5 , and other widgets obtained by the user, as well as user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   widget creator module  150  for making user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   search module  151 ;   video and music player module  152 , which is, optionally, made up of a video player module and a music player module;   notes module  153 ;   map module  154 ; and/or   online video module  155 .       

     Examples of other applications  136  that are, optionally, stored in memory  102  include other word processing applications, other image editing applications, drawing applications, presentation applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice replication. 
     In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , contacts module  137  includes executable instructions to manage an address book or contact list (e.g., stored in application internal state  192  of contacts module  137  in memory  102  or memory  370 ), including: adding name(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book; associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or other information with a name; associating an image with a name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers and/or e-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications by telephone  138 , video conference  139 , e-mail client  140 , or IM  141 ; and so forth. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , telephone module  138  includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers in address book  137 , modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation and disconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As noted above, the wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor(s)  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , contact list  137 , and telephone module  138 , video conference module  139  includes executable instructions to initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user and one or more other participants in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140  includes executable instructions to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response to user instructions. In conjunction with image management module  144 , e-mail client module  140  makes it very easy to create and send e-mails with still or video images taken with camera module  143 . 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the instant messaging module  141  includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to an instant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit a respective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service (SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-based instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, Apple Push Notification Service (APNs) or IMPS for Internet-based instant messages), to receive instant messages and to view received instant messages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or received instant messages optionally include graphics, photos, audio files, video files and/or other attachments as are supported in a MMS and/or an Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging” refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, APNs, or IMPS). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , map module  154 , and video and music player module  152 , workout support module  142  includes executable instructions to create workouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burning goals); communicate with workout sensors (in sports devices and smart watches); receive workout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout; select and play music for a workout; and display, store and transmit workout data. 
     In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor(s)  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and image management module  144 , camera module  143  includes executable instructions to capture still images or video (including a video stream) and store them into memory  102 , modify characteristics of a still image or video, and/or delete a still image or video from memory  102 . 
     In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and camera module  143 , image management module  144  includes executable instructions to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/or video images. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , browser module  147  includes executable instructions to browse the Internet in accordance with user instructions, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portions thereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , calendar module  148  includes executable instructions to create, display, modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendar entries, to do lists, etc.) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , widget modules  149  are mini-applications that are, optionally, downloaded and used by a user (e.g., weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  149 - 3 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , and dictionary widget  149 - 5 ) or created by the user (e.g., user-created widget  149 - 6 ). In some embodiments, a widget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In some embodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , the widget creator module  150  includes executable instructions to create widgets (e.g., turning a user-specified portion of a web page into a widget). 
     In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , search module  151  includes executable instructions to search for text, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory  102  that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , and browser module  147 , video and music player module  152  includes executable instructions that allow the user to download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, and executable instructions to display, present or otherwise play back videos (e.g., on touch-sensitive display system  112 , or on an external display connected wirelessly or via external port  124 ). In some embodiments, device  100  optionally includes the functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.). 
     In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , notes module  153  includes executable instructions to create and manage notes, to do lists, and the like in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch-sensitive display system  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , and browser module  147 , map module  154  includes executable instructions to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data associated with maps (e.g., driving directions; data on stores and other points of interest at or near a particular location; and other location-based data) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , online video module  155  includes executable instructions that allow the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen  112 , or on an external display connected wirelessly or via external port  124 ), send an e-mail with a link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats, such as H.264. In some embodiments, instant messaging module  141 , rather than e-mail client module  140 , is used to send a link to a particular online video. 
     Each of the above identified modules and applications correspond to a set of executable instructions for performing one or more functions described above and the methods described in this application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods described herein). These modules (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  102  optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  102  optionally stores additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     In some embodiments, device  100  is a device where operation of a predefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/or a touchpad as the primary input control device for operation of device  100 , the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) on device  100  is, optionally, reduced. 
     The predefined set of functions that are performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad optionally include navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by the user, navigates device  100  to a main, home, or root menu from any user interface that is displayed on device  100 . In such embodiments, a “menu button” is implemented using a touchpad. In some other embodiments, the menu button is a physical push button or other physical input control device instead of a touchpad. 
       FIG.  1 B  is a block diagram illustrating example components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  102  (in  FIG.  1 A ) or  370  ( FIG.  3   ) includes event sorter  170  (e.g., in operating system  126 ) and a respective application  136 - 1  (e.g., any of the aforementioned applications  136 ,  137 - 155 ,  380 - 390 ). 
     Event sorter  170  receives event information and determines the application  136 - 1  and application view  191  of application  136 - 1  to which to deliver the event information. Event sorter  170  includes event monitor  171  and event dispatcher module  174 . In some embodiments, application  136 - 1  includes application internal state  192 , which indicates the current application view(s) displayed on touch-sensitive display system  112  when the application is active or executing. In some embodiments, device/global internal state  157  is used by event sorter  170  to determine which application(s) is (are) currently active, and application internal state  192  is used by event sorter  170  to determine application views  191  to which to deliver event information. 
     In some embodiments, application internal state  192  includes additional information, such as one or more of: resume information to be used when application  136 - 1  resumes execution, user interface state information that indicates information being displayed or that is ready for display by application  136 - 1 , a state queue for enabling the user to go back to a prior state or view of application  136 - 1 , and a redo/undo queue of previous actions taken by the user. 
     Event monitor  171  receives event information from peripherals interface  118 . Event information includes information about a sub-event (e.g., a user touch on touch-sensitive display system  112 , as part of a multi-touch gesture). Peripherals interface  118  transmits information it receives from I/O subsystem  106  or a sensor, such as proximity sensor  166 , accelerometer(s)  167 , gyroscope(s)  168 , magnetometer(s)  169 , and/or microphone  113  (through audio circuitry  110 ). Information that peripherals interface  118  receives from I/O subsystem  106  includes information from touch-sensitive display system  112  or a touch-sensitive surface. 
     In some embodiments, event monitor  171  sends requests to the peripherals interface  118  at predetermined intervals. In response, peripherals interface  118  transmits event information. In other embodiments, peripheral interface  118  transmits event information only when there is a significant event (e.g., receiving an input above a predetermined noise threshold and/or for more than a predetermined duration). 
     In some embodiments, event sorter  170  also includes a hit view determination module  172  and/or an active event recognizer determination module  173 . 
     Hit view determination module  172  provides software procedures for determining where a sub-event has taken place within one or more views, when touch-sensitive display system  112  displays more than one view. Views are made up of controls and other elements that a user can see on the display. 
     Another aspect of the user interface associated with an application is a set of views, sometimes herein called application views or user interface windows, in which information is displayed and touch-based gestures occur. The application views (of a respective application) in which a touch is detected optionally correspond to programmatic levels within a programmatic or view hierarchy of the application. For example, the lowest level view in which a touch is detected is, optionally, called the hit view, and the set of events that are recognized as proper inputs are, optionally, determined based, at least in part, on the hit view of the initial touch that begins a touch-based gesture. 
     Hit view determination module  172  receives information related to sub-events of a touch-based gesture. When an application has multiple views organized in a hierarchy, hit view determination module  172  identifies a hit view as the lowest view in the hierarchy which should handle the sub-event. In most circumstances, the hit view is the lowest level view in which an initiating sub-event occurs (i.e., the first sub-event in the sequence of sub-events that form an event or potential event). Once the hit view is identified by the hit view determination module, the hit view typically receives all sub-events related to the same touch or input source for which it was identified as the hit view. 
     Active event recognizer determination module  173  determines which view or views within a view hierarchy should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In some embodiments, active event recognizer determination module  173  determines that only the hit view should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, active event recognizer determination module  173  determines that all views that include the physical location of a sub-event are actively involved views, and therefore determines that all actively involved views should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, even if touch sub-events were entirely confined to the area associated with one particular view, views higher in the hierarchy would still remain as actively involved views. 
     Event dispatcher module  174  dispatches the event information to an event recognizer (e.g., event recognizer  180 ). In embodiments including active event recognizer determination module  173 , event dispatcher module  174  delivers the event information to an event recognizer determined by active event recognizer determination module  173 . In some embodiments, event dispatcher module  174  stores in an event queue the event information, which is retrieved by a respective event receiver module  182 . 
     In some embodiments, operating system  126  includes event sorter  170 . Alternatively, application  136 - 1  includes event sorter  170 . In yet other embodiments, event sorter  170  is a stand-alone module, or a part of another module stored in memory  102 , such as contact/motion module  130 . 
     In some embodiments, application  136 - 1  includes a plurality of event handlers  190  and one or more application views  191 , each of which includes instructions for handling touch events that occur within a respective view of the application&#39;s user interface. Each application view  191  of the application  136 - 1  includes one or more event recognizers  180 . Typically, a respective application view  191  includes a plurality of event recognizers  180 . In other embodiments, one or more of event recognizers  180  are part of a separate module, such as a user interface kit (not shown) or a higher level object from which application  136 - 1  inherits methods and other properties. In some embodiments, a respective event handler  190  includes one or more of: data updater  176 , object updater  177 , GUI updater  178 , and/or event data  179  received from event sorter  170 . Event handler  190  optionally utilizes or calls data updater  176 , object updater  177  or GUI updater  178  to update the application internal state  192 . Alternatively, one or more of the application views  191  includes one or more respective event handlers  190 . Also, in some embodiments, one or more of data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178  are included in a respective application view  191 . 
     A respective event recognizer  180  receives event information (e.g., event data  179 ) from event sorter  170 , and identifies an event from the event information. Event recognizer  180  includes event receiver  182  and event comparator  184 . In some embodiments, event recognizer  180  also includes at least a subset of: metadata  183 , and event delivery instructions  188  (which optionally include sub-event delivery instructions). 
     Event receiver  182  receives event information from event sorter  170 . The event information includes information about a sub-event, for example, a touch or a touch movement. Depending on the sub-event, the event information also includes additional information, such as location of the sub-event. When the sub-event concerns motion of a touch, the event information optionally also includes speed and direction of the sub-event. In some embodiments, events include rotation of the device from one orientation to another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to a landscape orientation, or vice versa), and the event information includes corresponding information about the current orientation (also called device attitude) of the device. 
     Event comparator  184  compares the event information to predefined event or sub-event definitions and, based on the comparison, determines an event or sub-event, or determines or updates the state of an event or sub-event. In some embodiments, event comparator  184  includes event definitions  186 . Event definitions  186  contain definitions of events (e.g., predefined sequences of sub-events), for example, event  1  ( 187 - 1 ), event  2  ( 187 - 2 ), and others. In some embodiments, sub-events in a respective event, such as event  1  ( 187 - 1 ) or event  2  ( 187 - 2 ) include, for example, touch begin, touch end, touch movement, touch cancellation, and multiple touching. In one example, the definition for event  1  ( 187 - 1 ) is a double tap on a displayed object. The double tap, for example, comprises a first touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a first lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase, a second touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, and a second lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase. In another example, the definition for event  2  ( 187 - 2 ) is a dragging on a displayed object. The dragging, for example, comprises a touch (or contact) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a movement of the touch across touch-sensitive display system  112 , and lift-off of the touch (touch end). In some embodiments, the event also includes information for one or more associated event handlers  190 . 
     In some embodiments, the event definition for a respective event, such as event  1  ( 187 - 1 ) or event  2  ( 187 - 2 ) includes a definition of an event for a respective user-interface object. In some embodiments, event comparator  184  performs a hit test to determine which user-interface object is associated with a sub-event. For example, in an application view in which three user-interface objects are displayed on touch-sensitive display system  112 , when a touch is detected on touch-sensitive display system  112 , event comparator  184  performs a hit test to determine which of the three user-interface objects is associated with the touch (sub-event). If each displayed object is associated with a respective event handler  190 , the event comparator uses the result of the hit test to determine which event handler  190  should be activated. For example, event comparator  184  selects an event handler associated with the sub-event and the object triggering the hit test. 
     In some embodiments, the definition for a respective event, such as event  1  ( 187 - 1 ) or event  2  ( 187 - 2 ) also includes delayed actions that delay delivery of the event information until after it has been determined whether the sequence of sub-events does or does not correspond to the event recognizer&#39;s event type. 
     When a respective event recognizer  180  determines that the series of sub-events do not match any of the events in event definitions  186 , the respective event recognizer  180  enters an event impossible, event failed, or event ended state, after which it disregards subsequent sub-events of the touch-based gesture. In this situation, other event recognizers, if any, that remain active for the hit view continue to track and process sub-events of an ongoing touch-based gesture. 
     In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  includes metadata  183  with configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how the event delivery system should perform sub-event delivery to actively involved event recognizers. In some embodiments, metadata  183  includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how event recognizers interact, or are enabled to interact, with one another. In some embodiments, metadata  183  includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate whether sub-events are delivered to varying levels in the view or programmatic hierarchy. 
     In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  activates event handler  190  associated with an event when one or more particular sub-events of an event are recognized. In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  delivers event information associated with the event to event handler  190 . Activating an event handler  190  is distinct from sending (and deferred sending) sub-events to a respective hit view. In some embodiments, event recognizer  180  throws a flag associated with the recognized event, and event handler  190  associated with the flag catches the flag and performs a predefined process. 
     In some embodiments, event delivery instructions  188  include sub-event delivery instructions that deliver event information about a sub-event without activating an event handler. Instead, the sub-event delivery instructions deliver event information to event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or to actively involved views. Event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or with actively involved views receive the event information and perform a predetermined process. 
     In some embodiments, data updater  176  creates and updates data used in application  136 - 1 . For example, data updater  176  updates the telephone number used in contacts module  137 , or stores a video file used in video player module  145 . In some embodiments, object updater  177  creates and updates objects used in application  136 - 1 . For example, object updater  177  creates a new user-interface object or updates the position of a user-interface object. GUI updater  178  updates the GUI. For example, GUI updater  178  prepares display information and sends it to graphics module  132  for display on a touch-sensitive display. 
     In some embodiments, event handler(s)  190  includes or has access to data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178 . In some embodiments, data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178  are included in a single module of a respective application  136 - 1  or application view  191 . In other embodiments, they are included in two or more software modules. 
     It shall be understood that the foregoing discussion regarding event handling of user touches on touch-sensitive displays also applies to other forms of user inputs to operate multifunction devices  100  with input-devices, not all of which are initiated on touch screens. For example, mouse movement and mouse button presses, optionally coordinated with single or multiple keyboard presses or holds; contact movements such as taps, drags, scrolls, etc., on touch-pads; pen stylus inputs; movement of the device; oral instructions; detected eye movements; biometric inputs; and/or any combination thereof are optionally utilized as inputs corresponding to sub-events which define an event to be recognized. 
       FIG.  2    illustrates a portable multifunction device  100  having a touch screen (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112 ,  FIG.  1 A ) in accordance with some embodiments. The touch screen optionally displays one or more graphics within user interface (UI)  200 . In this embodiment, as well as others described below, a user is enabled to select one or more of the graphics by making a gesture on the graphics, for example, with one or more fingers  202  (not drawn to scale in the figure) or one or more styluses  203  (not drawn to scale in the figure). In some embodiments, selection of one or more graphics occurs when the user breaks contact with the one or more graphics. In some embodiments, the gesture optionally includes one or more taps, one or more swipes (from left to right, right to left, upward and/or downward) and/or a rolling of a finger (from right to left, left to right, upward and/or downward) that has made contact with device  100 . In some implementations or circumstances, inadvertent contact with a graphic does not select the graphic. For example, a swipe gesture that sweeps over an application icon optionally does not select the corresponding application when the gesture corresponding to selection is a tap. 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more physical buttons, such as “home” or menu button  204 . As described previously, menu button  204  is, optionally, used to navigate to any application  136  in a set of applications that are, optionally executed on device  100 . Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as a soft key in a GUI displayed on the touch-screen display. 
     In some embodiments, device  100  includes the touch-screen display, menu button  204 , push button  206  for powering the device on/off and locking the device, volume adjustment button(s)  208 , Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card slot  210 , head set jack  212 , and docking/charging external port  124 . Push button  206  is, optionally, used to turn the power on/off on the device by depressing the button and holding the button in the depressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by depressing the button and releasing the button before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an unlock process. In some embodiments, device  100  also accepts verbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions through microphone  113 . Device  100  also, optionally, includes one or more contact intensity sensors  165  for detecting intensity of contacts on touch-sensitive display system  112  and/or one or more tactile output generators  163  for generating tactile outputs for a user of device  100 . 
       FIG.  3    is a block diagram of an example multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. Device  300  need not be portable. In some embodiments, device  300  is a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a tablet computer, a multimedia player device, a navigation device, an educational device (such as a child&#39;s learning toy), a gaming system, or a control device (e.g., a home or industrial controller). Device  300  typically includes one or more processing units (CPU&#39;s)  310 , one or more network or other communications interfaces  360 , memory  370 , and one or more communication buses  320  for interconnecting these components. Communication buses  320  optionally include circuitry (sometimes called a chipset) that interconnects and controls communications between system components. Device  300  includes input/output (I/O) interface  330  comprising display  340 , which is typically a touch-screen display. I/O interface  330  also optionally includes a keyboard and/or mouse (or other pointing device)  350  and touchpad  355 , tactile output generator  357  for generating tactile outputs on device  300  (e.g., similar to tactile output generator(s)  163  described above with reference to  FIG.  1 A ), sensors  359  (e.g., touch-sensitive, optical, contact intensity, proximity, acceleration, attitude, and/or magnetic sensors similar to sensors  112 ,  164 ,  165 ,  166 ,  167 ,  168 , and  169  described above with reference to  FIG.  1 A ). Memory  370  includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM or other random access solid state memory devices; and optionally includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory  370  optionally includes one or more storage devices remotely located from CPU(s)  310 . In some embodiments, memory  370  stores programs, modules, and data structures analogous to the programs, modules, and data structures stored in memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100  ( FIG.  1 A ), or a subset thereof. Furthermore, memory  370  optionally stores additional programs, modules, and data structures not present in memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100 . For example, memory  370  of device  300  optionally stores drawing module  380 , presentation module  382 , word processing module  384 , website creation module  386 , disk authoring module  388 , and/or spreadsheet module  390 , while memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100  ( FIG.  1 A ) optionally does not store these modules. 
     Each of the above identified elements in  FIG.  3    are, optionally, stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices. Each of the above identified modules corresponds to a set of instructions for performing a function described above. The above identified modules or programs (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  370  optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  370  optionally stores additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) that are, optionally, implemented on portable multifunction device  100 . 
       FIG.  4 A  illustrates an example user interface for a menu of applications on portable multifunction device  100  in accordance with some embodiments. Similar user interfaces are, optionally, implemented on device  300 . In some embodiments, user interface  400  includes the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:
         Signal strength indicator(s)  402  for wireless communication(s), such as cellular and Wi-Fi signals;   Time  404 ;   Bluetooth indicator  405 ;   Battery status indicator  406 ;   Tray  408  with icons for frequently used applications, such as:
           Icon  416  for telephone module  138 , labeled “Phone,” which optionally includes an indicator  414  of the number of missed calls or voicemail messages;   Icon  418  for e-mail client module  140 , labeled “Mail,” which optionally includes an indicator  410  of the number of unread e-mails;   Icon  420  for browser module  147 , labeled “Browser”; and   Icon  422  for video and music player module  152 , also referred to as iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) module  152 , labeled “iPod”; and   
           Icons for other applications, such as:
           Icon  424  for IM module  141 , labeled “Text”;   Icon  426  for calendar module  148 , labeled “Calendar”;   Icon  428  for image management module  144 , labeled “Photos”;   Icon  430  for camera module  143 , labeled “Camera”;   Icon  432  for online video module  155 , labeled “Online Video”;   Icon  434  for stocks widget  149 - 2 , labeled “Stocks”;   Icon  436  for map module  154 , labeled “Map”;   Icon  438  for weather widget  149 - 1 , labeled “Weather”;   Icon  440  for alarm clock widget  169 - 6 , labeled “Clock”;   Icon  442  for workout support module  142 , labeled “Workout Support”;   Icon  444  for notes module  153 , labeled “Notes”; and   Icon  446  for a settings application or module, which provides access to settings for device  100  and its various applications  136 .   
               

     It should be noted that the icon labels illustrated in  FIG.  4 A  are merely examples. For example, in some embodiments, icon  422  for video and music player module  152  is labeled “Music” or “Music Player.” Other labels are, optionally, used for various application icons. In some embodiments, a label for a respective application icon includes a name of an application corresponding to the respective application icon. In some embodiments, a label for a particular application icon is distinct from a name of an application corresponding to the particular application icon. 
       FIG.  4 B  illustrates an example user interface on a device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG.  3   ) with a touch-sensitive surface  451  (e.g., a tablet or touchpad  355 ,  FIG.  3   ) that is separate from the display  450 . Device  300  also, optionally, includes one or more contact intensity sensors (e.g., one or more of sensors  359 ) for detecting intensity of contacts on touch-sensitive surface  451  and/or one or more tactile output generators  359  for generating tactile outputs for a user of device  300 . 
       FIG.  4 B  illustrates an example user interface on a device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG.  3   ) with a touch-sensitive surface  451  (e.g., a tablet or touchpad  355 ,  FIG.  3   ) that is separate from the display  450 . Although many of the examples that follow will be given with reference to inputs on touch screen display  112  (where the touch sensitive surface and the display are combined), in some embodiments, the device detects inputs on a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display, as shown in  FIG.  4 B . In some embodiments, the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,  451  in  FIG.  4 B ) has a primary axis (e.g.,  452  in  FIG.  4 B ) that corresponds to a primary axis (e.g.,  453  in  FIG.  4 B ) on the display (e.g.,  450 ). In accordance with these embodiments, the device detects contacts (e.g.,  460  and  462  in  FIG.  4 B ) with the touch-sensitive surface  451  at locations that correspond to respective locations on the display (e.g., in  FIG.  4 B,  460    corresponds to  468  and  462  corresponds to  470 ). In this way, user inputs (e.g., contacts  460  and  462 , and movements thereof) detected by the device on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,  451  in  FIG.  4 B ) are used by the device to manipulate the user interface on the display (e.g.,  450  in  FIG.  4 B ) of the multifunction device when the touch-sensitive surface is separate from the display. It should be understood that similar methods are, optionally, used for other user interfaces described herein. 
     Additionally, while the following examples are given primarily with reference to finger inputs (e.g., finger contacts, finger tap gestures, finger swipe gestures, etc.), it should be understood that, in some embodiments, one or more of the finger inputs are replaced with input from another input device (e.g., a mouse based input or a stylus input). For example, a swipe gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click (e.g., instead of a contact) followed by movement of the cursor along the path of the swipe (e.g., instead of movement of the contact). As another example, a tap gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click while the cursor is located over the location of the tap gesture (e.g., instead of detection of the contact followed by ceasing to detect the contact). Similarly, when multiple user inputs are simultaneously detected, it should be understood that multiple computer mice are, optionally, used simultaneously, or a mouse and finger contacts are, optionally, used simultaneously. 
     User Interfaces and Associated Processes 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) and associated processes that may be implemented on an electronic device, such as portable multifunction device (PMD)  100  or device  300 , with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. 
       FIGS.  5 A- 5 AQ  illustrate example user interfaces for managing data stored on a device in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in  FIGS.  6 A- 6 F  and  FIGS.  7 A- 7 B . Although some of the examples which follow will be given with reference to inputs on a touch-screen display (where the touch-sensitive surface and the display are combined), in some embodiments, the device detects inputs on a touch-sensitive surface  451  that is separate from the display  450 , as shown in  FIG.  4 B . 
       FIG.  5 A  illustrates an application launching user interface  502  as part of a user interface  500  displayed by a portable multifunctional device  100  (hereinafter “device  100 ”). The user interface  500  includes, in addition to the application launching user interface  502 , a device bar  501  at the top of the display including an identifier of the device  100  (e.g., “iPhone”), a wireless connection indicator, a current time, and a battery indicator indicating a charge level of the device  100 . 
     The user interface  500  includes, below the device bar  501 , and spanning the rest of the display, an application launching user interface  502 . The application launching user interface  502  includes a plurality of representations  505 A- 5050  of applications installed on the device  100 . Each representation  505 A- 5050  has a designated location in a respective portion of the application launching user interface  502 . As shown in  FIG.  5 A , the plurality of representations  505 A- 5050  are arranged in a grid. 
     As shown in  FIG.  5 A , each representation  505 A- 5050  includes an icon associated with the corresponding application and text describing the application (e.g., a name or function of the application). One of the representations  505 N includes a recency indicator  506  displayed next to the text. The recency indicator  506  indicates that the application (e.g., “Books”) has been installed or updated without having been subsequently launched. 
     As an application launching user interface  502 , in response to detecting a user input at the designated location of the representation of a particular application, the device  100  launches the particular application. 
     Although  FIG.  5 A  illustrates an application launching user interface  502  in the form of a home screen, in various implementations, the application launching user interface  502  is a taskbar or a file manager. Further, although  FIG.  5 A  illustrates only a single page of a home screen, in various implementations, the application launching user interface  502  includes multiple pages. 
       FIG.  5 B  illustrates the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 A  with a low free storage notification window  507  displayed over the application launching user interface  502 . In various implementations, such a low free storage notification window  507  is displayed in response to a determination that a low free storage condition exists. In various implementations, the device  100  determines that a low free storage condition exists when an amount of free storage of the device  100  is below a threshold. In various implementations, the threshold is an amount of free storage needed to complete an operation, such as downloading a file or application or storing a photo. 
     The low free storage notification window  507  indicates (via displayed text) a low free storage condition and includes a dismiss affordance  508 A and a management affordance  508 B. In response to a user input detected at the location of the dismiss affordance  508 A, the low free storage notification window  507  ceases to be displayed. In response to a user input detected at the location of the management affordance  508 B, a storage management user interface is displayed.  FIG.  5 B  illustrates a contact  550 A detected at a location of the management affordance  508 B. 
       FIG.  5 C  illustrate the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 B  in response to detecting the contact  550 A at the location of the management affordance  508 B.  FIG.  5 C  illustrates a storage management user interface  503  (in a region of the of user interface  500  beneath the device bar  501 ). 
     The storage management user interface  503  includes a size bar  521  indicating respective amounts of storage of the device  100  used by a plurality of data types (e.g., applications, documents, media content, and other data) as well as an amount of free storage of the device. In various implementations, the respective amounts of storage of the device  100  used by the plurality of data types excludes purgeable data. Purgeable data includes data the device  100  can delete without further authorization by the user, such as data that is already stored in the cloud. 
     The storage management user interface  503  includes a plurality of recommendations  522 . Each recommendation  522  is associated with a storage management operation and includes a description of the storage management operation and a storage management affordance  523 A- 523 C for initiating a process for performing the storage management operation. 
     Due to the limited amount of space of the user interface  500 , in various implementations, the device  100  selects a small number (e.g., 2 or 3) of storage management operations for inclusion as recommendations in the storage management user interface  503  based on a set of one or more rules prioritizing a plurality of storage management operations. 
     In various implementations, the plurality of storage management operations includes one or more storage management operations that immediately free at least a predetermined amount of storage on the device  100 . In various implementations, such storage management operations includes emptying trash, marking content that can be reacquired from other sources (such as email messages, photos, music, cached video) for deletion. For example, in  FIG.  5 C , one of the storage management affordances  523 C initiates a process for permanently deleting notes marked for deletion. In various implementations, one or more storage management operations that immediately free at least a predetermined amount of storage on the device include one or more of permanently deleting items that have been marked for deletion (such as an empty trash operation), deleting one or more applications (such as an operation to delete applications that can be redownloaded from an application store), or presenting selectable options to delete respective data containers associated with a particular application (such as removing watched videos or offline maps). 
     In various implementations, the plurality of storage management operations includes one or more storage management operations that, once performed, will enable a reduction of data stored on the device over time. For example, in  FIG.  5 C , one of the storage management affordances  523 A initiates a process for moving photographs to a cloud storage (while storing optimizes versions of the photos (e.g., compressed versions) on the device  100 ). In various implementations, the one or more storage management operations that, once performed, will enable a reduction of data stored on the device over time include storing data from the device at a remote storage location (such as moving photos or message attachments to a cloud storage) or an option to delete data stored for more than a threshold amount of time (such as deleting messages that are older than a threshold number of days). 
     As noted above, the device  100  selects storage management operations for inclusion as recommendations in the storage management user interface  503  based on a set of one or more rules prioritizing a plurality of storage management operations. In various implementations, the set of one or more rules includes a rule that prioritizes the plurality of storage management operations based on respective amounts of storage of the device  100  freed by the different storage management operations in the plurality of storage management operations. For example, in various implementations, the rule prioritizes storage management operations that free more storage higher than storage management operations that free less storage. Thus, in  FIG.  5 C , the storage management affordance  523 C that initiates a process for permanently deleting notes marked for deletion (freeing 0.6 GB) is displayed, whereas a storage management affordance that initiates a process for permanently deleting photos marked for deletion (shown later in  FIG.  5 G  and freeing 0.3 GB) is not displayed. 
     In various implementations, the set of one or more rules includes a rule that prioritizes the plurality of storage management operations based on respective timeframes in which storage of the device is freed by the plurality of storage management operations. For example, in various implementations, the rule prioritizes storage management operations that, operations that, once performed, will enable a reduction of data stored on the device  100  (and may only be selected by a user once) higher than storage management operations that free storage immediately (and may selected by a user periodically). Thus, in  FIG.  5 C , the storage management affordance  523 A that initiates a process for moving photographs to a cloud storage is displayed, whereas a storage management affordance that initiates a process for permanently deleting photos marked for deletion (shown later in  FIG.  5 G ) is not displayed. As another example, in various implementations, the rule prioritizes storage management operations that free storage immediately higher than storage management operations that, once performed, will enable reduction of data stored on the device  100 . 
     In various implementations, the set of one or more rules includes a rule that prioritizes the plurality of storage management operations based on respective data loss of the plurality of storage management operations. For example, in various implementations, the rule prioritizes storage management operations that remove data that can be reacquired from another source at a later point in time higher than storage management operations that remove data that is not guaranteed to be available from another source at a later time. Thus, in  FIG.  5 C , the storage management affordance  523 A that initiates a process for moving photographs to a cloud storage (an operation without data loss as the photographs can be retrieved from the cloud storage to the device  100 ) is displayed, whereas a storage management affordance that initiates a process for permanently deleting photos marked for deletion (shown later in  FIG.  5 G  and an operation with data loss as the deleted photos cannot be recovered) is not displayed. 
     The storage management user interface  503  further includes a plurality of application affordances  524 A- 524 C respectively associated with a plurality of applications. In various implementations, the application affordances  524 A- 524 C are sorted according to a size of the application (including associated data for the application). Upon detecting selection of an application affordance  524 A- 524 C, the device  100  displays an application management user interface for managing data stored on the device by the particular application as described in detail further below. 
     Whereas  FIG.  5 B  illustrates one method of causing display of the storage management user interface  503 ,  FIGS.  5 D- 5 E  illustrate another method of causing display of the storage management user interface  503 .  FIG.  5 D  illustrates the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 A  with a contact  550 B detected at the designated location of the representation  505 M of a settings application. 
       FIG.  5 E  illustrates the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 D  in response to detecting the contact  550 B at the location of the representation  505 M of a settings application.  FIG.  5 E  illustrates a general settings user interface  504  (in a region of the of user interface  500  beneath the device bar  501 ). 
     The general settings user interface  504  includes a plurality of settings affordances  525 A- 525 E including a connectivity management affordance  525 A, a display management affordance  525 B, a sound management affordance  525 C, a storage management affordance  525 D, and a power management affordance  525 E. In various implementations, the general settings user interface  504  can include additional, fewer, or other management affordances.  FIG.  5 E  illustrates a contact  550 C detected at a location of the storage management affordance  525 D. 
       FIG.  5 F  illustrates the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 E  in response to detecting the contact  550 C at the location of the storage management affordance  525 D. The user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 F , identical to the user interface of  FIG.  5 C , includes the storage management user interface  503 .  FIG.  5 F  illustrates initiation of a swipe  550 D detected at a location of one of the recommendations  522  corresponding to the storage management affordance  523 C for initiating a process for permanently deleting notes marked for deletion. 
       FIG.  5 G  illustrates the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 F  in response to detecting a first portion of the swipe  550 D. In response to a first portion of the swipe  550 D, the recommendation corresponding to the storage management affordance  523 C is moved to indicate that completion of the swipe  550 D will remove the recommendation. 
       FIG.  5 H  illustrates the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 G  in response to detecting completion of the swipe  550 D. In  FIG.  5 H , the recommendations  522  of the storage management user interface  503  have changed in that the storage management affordance  523 C for initiating a process for permanently deleting notes marked for deletion is replaced with a storage management affordance  523 D for initiating a process for permanently deleting photos marked for deletion. 
     Thus, in response to detecting an option-removal user input (e.g., the swipe  550 D) indicative of a request to remove a particular storage management affordance (e.g., the storage management affordance  523 C) of the storage management user interface  503 , the storage management user interface  503  ceases to display the particular storage management affordance and displays, instead, a replacement storage management affordance (e.g., the storage management affordance  523 D). 
     Although  FIGS.  5 F- 5 H  illustrate removal of a recommendation using a swipe gesture, in various implementations, the option-removal user input indicative of a request to remove a particular storage management affordance is selection of a remove affordance displayed in association with the particular storage management affordance or another gesture. 
       FIG.  5 H  illustrates a contact  550 E detected at the location of the storage management affordance  523 A that initiates a process for moving photographs to a cloud storage. 
       FIG.  5 I  illustrates the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 G  in response to detecting the contact  550 E at the location of the storage management affordance  523 A. In response to detecting the contact  550 E, the device  100  initiates the process for moving photographs to a cloud storage. Further, in response to detecting the contact  550 E, the storage management user interface  503  includes, in addition to the previously displayed storage management affordances  523 B and  523 D, an additional storage management affordance  523 E that initiates a process for reviewing offline maps for deletion. 
     Further, in  FIG.  5 I , replacing the selected storage management affordance  523 A is a progress indicator  526  indicative of a progress of the process for performing the selected storage management operation. Progression of the process is also indicated by the change in the size bar  521  indicating that less storage is being used for media content. 
       FIG.  5 I  illustrates a contact  550 F at the location of a return affordance  527  of the storage management user interface  503 . 
       FIG.  5 J  illustrates the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 I  in response to detecting the contact  550 F at the location of the return affordance  527 . In  FIG.  5 J , the storage management user interface  503  is replaced with the general settings user interface  504 .  FIG.  5 J  illustrates a contact  550 G at the location of the storage management affordance  525 D of the general settings user interface  504 . 
       FIG.  5 K  illustrates the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 I  in response to detecting the contact  550 G at the location of the storage management affordance  525 D. In  FIG.  5 J , the general settings user interface  504  is replaced with the storage management user interface  503 . In  FIG.  5 K , the progress indicator  526  indicates that additional progress has been made in the time elapsed by exiting to the general settings user interface  504  and returning to the storage management user interface  504  from the general settings user interface  503 . Further, the size bar  521  is changed to indicate that even less storage is being used for media content. Accordingly, in some implementations, when a user exits the storage management user interface  503  and returns to the storage management user interface  503 , in-progress storage management operations are shown in the recommendations  522 . In various implementations, the representation of the in-progress storage management operation remains displayed in the storage management user interface when the user revisits the storage management interface until the in-progress storage-management operation has finished. 
     Thus, in some circumstances, after initiating the process for performing a storage management operation, the device  100  ceases to display the storage management user interface  503  and detects a user input indicative of a request to redisplay the storage management user interface  503 . In response, the device displays the storage management user interface  503  including the progress indicator  526 . 
       FIG.  5 L  illustrates the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 K  after the selected storage management operation is completed, according to one implementation. In  FIG.  5 L , the recommendations  522  cease to include a recommendation for the selected (and now completed) storage management operation. Likewise, the recommendations  522  cease to include the progress indicator  526 . 
       FIG.  5 M  illustrates the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 K  after the selected storage management operation is completed, according to another implementation. In  FIG.  5 M , the recommendations  522  include a recommendation for the selected (and now completed) storage management operation, with the progress indicator  526  updated to a completion indicator  527  indicative of completion of the process for performing the selected storage management operation. It is to be appreciated that the completion indicator  527  is a type of progress indicator that indicates that progress is 100% complete. 
       FIG.  5 M  illustrates a swipe  550 H detected at a location of the recommendation corresponding to the completed storage management operation. 
       FIG.  5 N  illustrates the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 M  in response to detecting the swipe  550 H at the location of the recommendation corresponding to the completed storage management operation. In  FIG.  5 N , identical to  FIG.  5 L , the recommendations  522  cease to include a recommendation for the selected (and now completed) storage management operation. Likewise, the recommendations  522  cease to include the completion indicator  527 . 
       FIG.  5 O  illustrates the user interface of  500  of  FIG.  5 M  with, rather than swipe  550 H detected, a contact  550 I detected at the location of the return affordance  527 . 
       FIG.  5 P  illustrates the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 N  in response to detecting the contact  550 I at the location of the return affordance  527 . In  FIG.  5 P , the storage management user interface  503  is replaced with the general settings user interface  504 .  FIG.  5 O  illustrates a contact  550 J at the location of the storage management affordance  525 D of the general settings user interface  504 . 
       FIG.  5 Q  illustrates the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 P  in response to detecting the contact  550 J at the location of the storage management affordance  525 D. In  FIG.  5 Q , the general settings user interface  504  is replaced with the storage management user interface  503 . In  FIG.  5 Q , identical to  FIG.  5 L , the recommendations  522  cease to include a recommendation for the selected (and now completed) storage management operation. Likewise, the recommendations  522  cease to include the completion indicator  527 . 
     Thus, in some circumstances, after completing the process for performing a storage management operation, the device  100  ceases to display the storage management user interface  503  and detects a user input indicative of a request to redisplay the storage management user interface  503 . In response, the device displays the storage management user interface  503  without the completion indicator  527 . 
     Thus, in various implementations, the recommendation associated with a completed storage management operation ceases to be displayed in response to the storage management operation completing. In various implementations, the recommendation associated with a completed storage management operation (and the completion indicator  527 ) ceases to be displayed in response to a user input (such as swipe). In various implementations, the recommendation associated with a completed storage management operation (and the completion indicator  527 ) ceases to be displayed in response to exiting the storage management user interface  503  and returning to it. 
       FIG.  5 Q  illustrates a contact  550 K at the location of a storage management affordance  523 E that initiates a process for reviewing offline maps for deletion. 
       FIG.  5 R  illustrates the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 Q  in response to detecting the contact  550 K at the location of the storage management affordance  523 E that initiates the process for reviewing offline maps for deletion. In  FIG.  5 R , the user interface  500  includes an offline map deletion user interface  505  (displayed below the device bar  501 ). 
     The offline map deletion user interface  505  includes representations  531  for a plurality of offline maps stored on the device  100 . In various implementations, each representation includes an icon, a description of the map (e.g., text indicating the geographical location the map represents), and an amount of storage used by the offline map. In various implementations, the representations  531  are displayed ordered by the amount of storage used. 
       FIG.  5 R  illustrates a swipe  550 K detected at a location of one of the representations  531  corresponding to an offline map of Washington, D.C. 
       FIG.  5 S  illustrates the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 R  in response to detecting the swipe  550 K at the location of one of the representations. In  FIG.  5 S , the representations  531  cease to include the selected representation, indicating the offline map of Washington, D.C., USA has been deleted from the device  100 . 
       FIG.  5 S  illustrates a contact  550 L at location of an edit affordance  532  of the offline map deletion user interface  505 . 
       FIG.  5 T  illustrates the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 S  in response to detecting the contact  550 L at the location of the edit affordance  532 . In  FIG.  5 T , each representation  531  is displayed with a corresponding selection affordance  533 .  FIG.  5 T  illustrates a contact  550 M detected at the location of one of the selection affordances  533  corresponding to an offline map of Berlin, Germany. 
       FIG.  5 U  illustrates the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 T  in response to detecting the contact  550 M at the location of the selection affordance  533  corresponding to the offline map of Berlin, Germany. In  FIG.  5 U , the selection affordance  533  corresponding to the offline map of Berlin, Germany has changed to indicate that the offline map of Berlin, Germany has been selected.  FIG.  5 U  illustrates a contact  550 N at the location of another one of the selection affordances  533  corresponding to an offline map of San Diego, Calif., USA. 
       FIG.  5 V  illustrates the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 U  in response to detecting the contact  550 N at the location of the selection affordance  533  corresponding to the offline map of San Diego, Calif., USA. In  FIG.  5 V , the selection affordance  533  corresponding to the offline map of San Diego, Calif., USA has changed to indicate that the offline map of San Diego, Calif., USA has been selected.  FIG.  5 V  illustrates a contact  550 O at the location of a delete affordance  534  of the offline map deletion user interface  505 . 
       FIG.  5 W  illustrates the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 V  in response to detecting the contact  550 O at the location of the delete affordance  534 . In  FIG.  5 W , the representations  531  cease to include the selected representation, indicating the offline maps of Berlin, Germany and San Diego, Calif., USA have been deleted from the device  100 .  FIG.  5 W  illustrates a contact  550 P at the location of a return affordance  535  of the offline map deletion user interface  505 . 
       FIG.  5 X  illustrates the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 W  in response to detecting the contact  550 P at the location of the return affordance  535 . In  FIG.  5 X , the storage management user interface  503  is displayed. The storage management user interface  503  differs slightly from that of  FIG.  5 Q  in that the recommendation corresponding to the storage management operation to review offline maps for deletion indicates that only 0.1 GB can be freed by the operation (as opposed to 0.2 GB indicated in  FIG.  5 Q ). 
       FIG.  5 X  illustrates a contact  550 Q detected at the location of an application affordance  524 B associated with a video player application. 
       FIG.  5 Y  illustrates the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 X  in response to detecting the contact  550 Q at the location of the application affordance  524 B associated with the video player application. In  FIG.  5 Y , the user interface  500  includes a video player management user interface  506 B (displayed below the device bar  501 ). The video player management user interface  506 B is an application management user interface for managing data stored on the device by the video player application. 
     The video player management user interface  506 B includes a metadata region  541 B displaying information regarding the video player application, such as title, version number, and developer. 
     The video player management user interface  506 B includes an application size indication  542 B of the amount of storage of the device  100  used by the video player application itself and an associated data size indication  543 B of the amount of storage of the device  100  used by the video player application for associated data. In various implementations, the associated data includes save files, game states, login information, player info, media content, documents, etc. 
     The video player management user interface  506 B includes a demote affordance  544 B for deleting the video player application without deleting associated data for the video player application (e.g., video content). The video player management user interface  506 B includes a delete affordance  545 B for deleting the video player application and associated data for the video player application. 
     The video player management user interface  506 B includes a number of affordances  546 B representing data items of associated data of the video player application, e.g., video file. The affordances  546 B can be manipulated to delete respective data items of associated data. In various implementations, in accordance with a determination that a particular application uses an application programming interface to cache content items, the application management user interface includes one or more affordances to delete respective content items that are cached using the application programming interface. Thus, in  FIG.  5 Y , in accordance with a determination that the video player application uses an application programming interface to cache video files, the video player management user interface  506 B includes affordances  546 B to delete respective video files that are cached using the application programming interface. Accordingly, in various implementations, by using the application programming interface for caching content, the application opts in to displaying options in a storage management user interface for deleting the cached content that was cached using the application programming interface. 
       FIG.  5 Y  illustrates a swipe  550 R detected at a location of one of the affordances  546 B to delete respective video files. 
       FIG.  5 Z  illustrates the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 Y  in response to detecting the swipe  550 R at the location of one of the affordances  546 B to delete one of the video files. In  FIG.  5 Z , the affordances  546 B cease to include an affordance for the selected video file, indicating that the video file has been deleted.  FIG.  5 Z  illustrates a contact  550 S detected at the location of a return affordance  536  of the video player management user interface  506 B. 
       FIG.  5 AA  illustrates the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 Z  in response to detecting the contact  550 S at the location of the return affordance  536  of the video player management user interface  506 B. The user interface  500  includes the storage management user interface  504  of  FIG.  5 X .  FIG.  5 AA  illustrates a contact  550 T detected at the location of an application affordance  524 C associated with a messenger application. 
       FIG.  5 AB  illustrates the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 AA  in response to detecting the contact  550 T at the location of the application affordance  524 C associated with the messenger application. In  FIG.  5 AB , the user interface  500  includes a messenger management user interface  506 C (displayed below the device bar  501 ). The messenger management user interface  506 C is an application management user interface for managing data stored on the device by the messenger application. 
     The messenger management user interface  506 C includes a metadata region  541 C displaying information regarding the messenger application. The messenger management user interface  506 C includes an application size indication  542 C of the amount of storage of the device  100  used by the messenger application itself and an associated data size indication  543 C of the amount of storage of the device  100  used by the messenger application for associated data. In various implementations, the associated data includes save files, game states, login information, player info, media content, documents (such as messages with or without attachments), etc. 
     The messenger management user interface  506 C includes a demote affordance  544 C for deleting the messenger application without deleting associated data for the messenger application (e.g., messages). The messenger management user interface  506 C includes a delete affordance  545 C for deleting the messenger application and associated data for the messenger application. 
     The messenger management user interface  506 C includes a number of recommendations  547 C and corresponding storage management affordances respectively associated with one or more storage management operation associated with the messenger application. For example, in  FIG.  5 AB , the recommendations  547 C include a storage management affordance  523 F for initiating a process for deleting messaging conversations older than 30 days and a storage management affordance  523 G for initiating a process for reviewing large message attachments for deletion. In another application management user interface, other storage management affordances may be presented. For example, in various implementations, a photo management user interface includes the storage management affordance  523 A that initiates a process for moving photographs to a cloud storage or the storage management affordance  523 D that initiates a process for permanently deleting photos marked for deletion. 
     In place of the affordances  546 B of the video player management user interface  506 B, the messenger management user interface  506 C includes a navigable hierarchy  548 C of affordances representing data items of associated data of the messenger application. Such affordances can be manipulated (as described above with respect to the affordances  546 B) to delete respective data items of associated data. 
       FIG.  5 AB  illustrates a contact  550 U detected at the location of a return affordance  536  of the messenger management user interface  506 C. 
       FIG.  5 AC  illustrates the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 AB  in response to detecting the contact  550 U at the location of the return affordance  536  of the messenger management user interface  506 C. The user interface  500  includes the storage management user interface  504  of  FIG.  5 X .  FIG.  5 AC  illustrates a contact  550 V detected at the location of an application affordance  524 A associated with a game application. 
       FIG.  5 AD  illustrates the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 AC  in response to detecting the contact  550 V at the location of the application affordance  524 A associated with the game application. In  FIG.  5 AD , the user interface  500  includes a game management user interface  506 A (displayed below the device bar  501 ). The game management user interface  506 A is an application management user interface for managing data stored on the device by the game application. 
     The game management user interface  506 A includes a metadata region  541 A displaying information regarding the game application. The game management user interface  506 A includes an application size indication  542 A of the amount of storage of the device  100  used by the game application itself and an associated data size indication  543 A of the amount of storage of the device  100  used by the game application for associated data. In various implementations, the associated data includes save files, game states, login information, player info, media content, documents, etc. 
     The game management user interface  506 A includes a demote affordance  544 A for deleting the game application without deleting associated data for the game application. The game management user interface  506 A includes a delete affordance  545 A for deleting the game application and associated data for the game application. 
       FIG.  5 AD  illustrates a contact  550 W at the location of the demote affordance  544 A. 
       FIG.  5 AE  illustrates the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 AD  in response to detecting the contact  550 W at the location of the demote affordance  544 A. The application size indication  542 A of the amount of storage of the device  100  used by the game application has been reduced to 0 MB, but the associated data size indication  543 A is unchanged, indicating that the game application itself has been deleted from the device  100  without deleting the associated data for the game application from the device  100 . Further, the demote affordance  544 A ceases to be displayed as the game application has already been deleted. In various implementations, the size of the game application if redownloaded is also displayed. 
       FIG.  5 AF  illustrates the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 AE  in response to detecting a request to display the application launching interface  502 . In various implementations, the request to display the respective portion of the application launching interface is depression of a physical button, such as “home” or menu button  204  of  FIG.  2   . In response to detecting the request to display the application launching interface  502 , the user interface  500  includes the application launching interface  502 . 
     Even though the game application is deleted from the device, the application launching interface  502  includes the representation  505 B of the game application in its designated location in the respective portion of the application launching user interface  502  (e.g., the same location as shown in  FIG.  5 A ). The representation  505 B of the game application includes a demotion indicia  509  (e.g., a cloud icon in  FIG.  5 AF ) in association with the representation of the application indicating that the game application has been deleted from the device  100 , but the associated data for the game application remains stored on the device  100 . In various implementations, the representation  505 B can be manipulated in a manner as though the game application was still installed on the device. For example, the representation  505 B can be moved to other locations of the application launching user interface  502  or placed into folders of the application launching user interface  502 . 
       FIG.  5 AG  illustrates the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 AF  with a contact  550 X detected at the designated location of the representation  505 B of the game application. 
       FIG.  5 AH  illustrates the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 AG  in response to detecting the contact  550 X at the designated location of the representation  505 B of the game application. In  FIG.  5 AH , the representation  505 B of the game application is changed (e.g., dimmed in  FIG.  5 AH ) to indicate that the game application is being downloaded to the device  100 . 
       FIG.  5 AI  illustrates the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 AH  at a time point during the downloading of the game application. In  FIG.  5 AI , the representation  505 B of the game application is changed to indicate a progress of downloading the game application to the device  100 . 
       FIG.  5 AJ  illustrates the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 AI  once the game application has been downloaded to the device  100  and the stored associated data is associated with the downloaded game application. In  FIG.  5 AJ , the user interface  500  includes a game user interface  555  of the game application, indicating that the game application has launched. Thus, in various implementations, a single contact (e.g., the contact  550 X in  FIG.  5 AG ) re-downloads the game application, associates the stored associated data with the re-downloaded game application, and launches the game application. 
     In various implementations, the application is redownloaded and launched in response to the same user input so that, for a fast internet connection the user will be able to interact with the application as though it had not been demoted. In some embodiments, when the application is redownloaded and opened, it is opened with the user&#39;s application data for that application still accessible. In some embodiments, when the application is redownloaded and opened it is reopened in the state that it was in when the user demoted the application (e.g., with the same user interface or portion of a user interface displayed). 
       FIG.  5 AK  illustrates the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 AJ  in response to detecting a request to display the application launching interface  502 . In various implementations, the request to display the respective portion of the application launching interface is depression of a physical button, such as “home” or menu button  204  of  FIG.  2   . In response to detecting the request to display the application launching interface  502 , the user interface  500  includes the application launching interface  502 . In  FIG.  5 AK , the demotion indicia  509  ceases to be displayed, indicating that the application is fully installed on the device  100 .  FIG.  5 AK  illustrates a contact  550 Y detected at the location of the representation  505 M of the settings application. 
       FIG.  5 AL  illustrates the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 AK  in response to detecting the contact  550 Y at the location of the representation  505 M of the settings application. In  FIG.  5 AL , the application launching interface  502  is replaced with the general settings user interface  504 .  FIG.  5 AL  illustrates a contact  550 Z at the location of the storage management affordance  525 D of the general settings user interface  504 . 
       FIG.  5 AM  illustrates the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 AL  in response to detecting the contact  550 Z at the location of the storage management affordance  525 D. In  FIG.  5 AM , the general settings user interface  504  is replaced with the storage management user interface  503 .  FIG.  5 AM  illustrates a swipe  551 A detected at a location of one of the recommendations  522  corresponding to the storage management affordance  523 E for initiating a process for reviewing offline maps for deletion. 
       FIG.  5 AN  illustrates the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 AL  in response to detecting the swipe  551 A. In  FIG.  5 AN , the recommendations  522  of the storage management user interface  503  have changed in that the storage management affordance  523 E for initiating a process for reviewing offline maps for deletion is replaced with a storage management affordance  523 H for initiating a process to enable automatic demotion of applications. 
     When automatic demotion of applications is enabled, the device  100  demotes applications (e.g., deletes the application without deleting associated data for the application) without instruction from a user. In various implementations, the automatic demotion of applications is based on one or more of an amount of free storage of the device, a size of an application (and, optionally the size of associated data in relation thereto), or a time of last-use of an application (e.g., when the application was last launched). In various implementations, the time of last-use includes use of the application as an extension even if the application has not been launched on the device. For example, a fitness application (having a representation  505 J in  FIG.  5 A ) used recently on a connected device, such as a watch, has a time of last-use corresponding to its use on the connected device. As another example, a custom keyboard application (having a representation  5050  in  FIG.  5 A ) used recently in a messenger application has a time of last-use corresponding to its use in the messenger application. 
     Thus, in various implementations, the device  100  selects an application for demotion when the amount of free storage of the device is less than a threshold amount. In various implementations, the device  100  is more likely to select a larger application than a smaller application. In various implementations, the device  100  is more likely to select an application that has a more remote time of last-use than an application that has a more recent time of last-use. 
       FIG.  5 AN  illustrates a contact  551 B detected at the location of the application affordance  524 A associated with the game application. 
       FIG.  5 AO  illustrates the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 AN  in response to detecting the contact  551 B at the location of the application affordance  524 A associated with the game application. In  FIG.  5 AO , the user interface  500  includes the game management user interface  506 A of  FIG.  5 AC .  FIG.  5 AO  illustrates a contact  551 C detected at the location of the delete affordance  545 A. In response to detecting the contact  551 C at the location of the delete affordance  545 A, the device  100  deletes the game application and deletes the associated data for the application. In some circumstances, such as when the application is demoted, the device deletes only the associated data for the application (because the application is already deleted). 
       FIG.  5 AP  illustrates the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 AO  in response to detecting the detecting a request to display the application launching interface  502 . In various implementations, the request to display the respective portion of the application launching interface is depression of a physical button, such as “home” or menu button  204  of  FIG.  2   . In response to detecting the request to display the application launching interface  502 , the user interface  500  includes the application launching interface  502 . 
     In  FIG.  5 AP , the representations  505 A and  505 C- 5050  do not include the representation  505 B for the game application as the application (and its associated data) have been deleted from the device  100 . 
       FIG.  5 AQ  illustrates the user interface  500  of  FIG.  5 AP  after the game application has been reinstalled. The user interface  500  includes the application launching interface  502  including representations  505 A and  505 C- 5050 . The application launching interface  502  includes a new representation  505 P for the game application, not in the designated location of  FIG.  5 A , but in a predefined location for newly installed applications. Further, in  FIG.  5 AP , the new representation  505 P includes a recency indicator  506  indicated that the game application has been newly installed. 
       FIGS.  6 A- 6 F  illustrate a flow diagram of a method  600  of managing data stored on a device in accordance with some embodiments. The method  600  is performed at an electronic device (e.g., the portable multifunction device  100  in  FIG.  1 A , or the device  300  in  FIG.  3   ) with one or more processors, a display, and one or more input devices. In some embodiments, the display is a touch-screen display and at least one of the input devices is integrated with the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the one or more input devices. Some operations in method  600  are, optionally, combined and/or the order of some operations is, optionally, changed. 
     As described below, the method  600  provides an intuitive way to manage data stored on a device. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when managing data stored on a device, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to manage data stored on a device faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     The device detects ( 602 ), via the one or more input devices, a storage management input indicative of a request to manage data stored on the device. For example, in  FIG.  5 B , the device detects a contact  550 A at a location of a management affordance  508 B of a notification window  507 . As another example, in  FIG.  5 E , the device detects a contact  550 C at a location of a storage management affordance  525 D of a settings user interface  504 . 
     In some embodiments, in detecting the storage management input, the device detects ( 604 ), via the one or more input devices, an input at a location of a management affordance in an area of the display indicating a low free storage condition. For example, in  FIG.  5 B , the device detects a contact  550 A at a location of a management affordance  508 B of a notification window that indicates a low free storage condition. In some embodiments, in detecting the storage management input, the device detects ( 606 ), via the one or more input devices, an input at a location of a storage management affordance in an area of the display including a plurality of settings affordances. For example, in  FIG.  5 E , the device detects a contact  550 C at a location of a storage management affordance  525 D of a settings user interface  504  that includes a plurality of settings affordances  525 A- 525 E. 
     In response to detecting the storage management input, the device displays ( 608 ), on the display, a storage management user interface including a first storage management affordance that is associated with a first storage management operation and a second storage management affordance that is associated with a second storage management operation that is different from the first storage management operation. The storage management user interface provides an efficient mechanism for a user to manage storage, thus reducing the amount of user interaction to perform storage management operations. The reduction in user interaction reduces wear-and-tear of the device. The reduction in user interaction also results in faster initiation of the performance of the storage management operations and, thus, reduces power drain to perform the storage management operations, increasing battery life of the device. Further, providing an efficient mechanism for a user to manage storage increases the likelihood that a user will perform such management and improve performance of the device. For example, in  FIG.  5 C , the device displays a storage management user interface  503  that includes a first storage management affordance  523 A associated with a first storage management operation (e.g., moving photographs to a cloud storage) and a second storage management affordance  523 B associated with a second storage management operation (e.g., reviewing downloaded videos for deletion) that is different from the first storage management operation. 
     In some embodiments, the storage management user interface further includes ( 610 ) a size bar indicating respective amounts of storage of the device used by a plurality of data types. Providing an indication to a user of the respective amounts of storage used by a plurality of data types efficiently guides the user to perform storage management operations with maximum effect, causing less data to be stored on the device. With less data stored on the device, memory reads are faster and more storage is available for use as virtual processor cache, speeding up other operations. Further, by storing less data on the device, fewer or smaller (and less expensive) storage devices are needed on the device. For example, in  FIG.  5 C , the storage management user interface  503  includes a size bar  521  that indicates respective amount of storage of the device used by applications, documents, media content, and other data. In some embodiments, the respective amount of storage of the device used by the plurality of data types excludes ( 612 ) purgeable data. For example, in  FIG.  5 C , the size bar  521  does not reflect storage of the device used by data the device can delete without further authorization by the user, such as data that is already stored in the cloud. 
     While displaying the storage management user interface, the device detects ( 614 ), via the one or more input devices, a selection input selecting the first storage management affordance. For example, in  FIG.  5 H , the device detects a contact  550 E at the location of the storage management affordance  523 A that initiates a process for moving photographs to a cloud storage. 
     In response to detecting the selection input, the device initiates ( 616 ) a process for performing the first storage management operation. For example, in  FIG.  5 I , in response to detecting the contact  550 E at the location of the storage management affordance  523 A, the device has initiated the process for moving photographs to a cloud storage, as indicated by the progress indicator  526 . 
     After initiating the process for performing the first storage management operation, the device displays ( 618 ), on the display, the storage management user interface including the second storage management affordance and a third storage management affordance that is associated with a third storage management operation that is different from the first storage management operation and the second storage management operation. Including a third storage management affordance in the storage management user interface efficiently provides an option for a user to perform additional storage management operations and reduce the amount data stored on the device. With less data stored on the device, memory reads are faster and more storage is available for use as virtual processor cache, speeding up other operations. For example, in  FIG.  5 I , the device displays the storage management user interface  503  that includes the second storage management affordance  523 B associated with a second storage management operation (e.g., reviewing downloaded videos for deletion) and a third storage management affordance  523 E associated with a third storage management operation (e.g., reviewing offline maps for deletion) that is different from the first storage management operation and the second storage management operation. 
     In some embodiments, the first storage management operation and the second storage management operation are selected ( 620 ) for inclusion in the storage management user interface based on a set of one or more rules prioritizing a plurality of storage management operations. Prioritizing a plurality of storage operations for inclusion in the storage management user interface uses the space on the screen more efficiently, resulting in a more efficient human-machine interface (as a user need not manipulate the user interface to find affordances for performing selected storage management operations. For battery-operated electronic devices, a more efficient human-machine user interface conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. Further, a more efficient human-machine user interface reduces the amount of user interaction with the device and reduces wear-and-tear of the device. By using less space on the screen, a smaller (and less expensive) screen can provide the same usability. For example, in  FIG.  5 C , the storage management operation of moving photos to a cloud storage, the storage management operation of reviewing downloaded videos for deletion, and the storage management operation of permanently deleting notes marked for deletion are included to the exclusion of the storage management operation of permanently deleting photos marked for deletion (shown in  FIG.  5 H ) and the storage management operation of reviewing offline maps for deletion (shown in  FIG.  5 I ). 
     In some embodiments, the plurality of storage management operations includes ( 622 ) one or more storage management operations that immediately free at least a predetermined amount of storage on the device. In some embodiments, the one or more storage management operations that immediately free at least a predetermined amount of storage on the device includes ( 624 ) one or more of permanently deleting items that have been marked for deletion, deleting one or more applications, or presenting selectable options to delete respective data containers associated with a particular application. For example, in  FIG.  5 C , the storage management user interface  503  includes a storage management affordance  523 C associated with a storage management operation of permanently deleting notes that have marked for deletion. In  FIG.  5 AN , the storage management user interface  503  includes a storage management affordance  523 H associated with a storage management operation of deleting one or more applications. In Figure SI, the storage management user interface  503  includes a storage management affordance  523 E associated with a storage management operation presenting selectable options to delete respective data containers associated with a particular application. 
     In some embodiments, the plurality of storage management operations includes ( 626 ) one or more storage management operations that, once performed, will enable reduction of data stored on the device over time. In some embodiments, the one or more storage management operations that, once performed, will enable a reduction of data stored on the device over time includes ( 628 ) storing data from the device at a remote storage location or an option to delete data stored for more than a threshold amount of time. For example, in  FIG.  5 C , the storage management user interface  503  includes a storage management affordance  523 A associated with a storage management operation for storing data (e.g., photos) from the device at a remote storage location. As another example, in  FIG.  5 AB , the device displays a storage management affordance  523 F associated with a storage management operation for deleting data (e.g., messages) stored for more than a threshold amount of time (e.g., 30 days). 
     In some embodiments, the set of one or more rules prioritizes ( 630 ) the third storage management operation lower than the first storage management operation and the second storage management operation. For example, in  FIG.  5 C , the storage management affordance  523 E associated with a third storage management operation (e.g., reviewing offline maps for deletion) is not shown, but the storage management affordance  523 E is shown in  FIG.  5 I . 
     In some embodiments, the set of one or more rules includes a rule that prioritizes ( 632 ) the plurality of storage management operations based on respective amounts of storage of the device freed by different storage management operations in the plurality of storage management operations. Prioritizing storage management operations that reduce more space increases the likelihood that such operations will be performed, reducing the amount of data stored by the device. With less data stored on the device, memory reads are faster and more storage is available for use as virtual processor cache, speeding up other operations. Further, by storing less data on the device, fewer or smaller (and less expensive) storage devices are needed on the device. For example, in  FIG.  5 C , the storage management affordance  523 C that initiates a process for permanently deleting notes marked for deletion (freeing 0.6 GB) is displayed, whereas a storage management affordance that initiates a process for permanently deleting photos marked for deletion (shown later in  FIG.  5 G  and freeing 0.3 GB) is not displayed. 
     In some embodiments, the set of one or more rules includes a rule that prioritizes ( 634 ) the plurality of storage management operations based on respective timeframes in which storage of the device is freed by the different storage management operations in the plurality of storage management operations. Prioritizing storage management operations that, when performed, enable a reduce of data stored on the device over time increase the likelihood that such operations will be performed, reducing the amount of data stored by the device with only a single user interaction. Thus, with minimal battery usage and wear-and-tear, less data is stored on the device resulting in faster memory reads and more storage available for use as virtual processor cache. For example, in  FIG.  5 C , the storage management affordance  523 A that initiates a process for moving photographs to a cloud storage is displayed, whereas a storage management affordance that initiates a process for permanently deleting photos marked for deletion (shown later in  FIG.  5 G ) is not displayed. 
     In some embodiments, the set of one or more rules includes a rule that prioritizes ( 636 ) the plurality of storage management operations based on respective data loss of the different storage management operations in the plurality of storage management operations. For example, in  FIG.  5 C , the storage management affordance  523 A that initiates a process for moving photographs to a cloud storage (an operation without data loss as the photographs can be retrieved from the cloud storage to the device) is displayed, whereas a storage management affordance that initiates a process for permanently deleting photos marked for deletion (shown later in  FIG.  5 G  and an operation with data loss as the deleted photos cannot be recovered) is not displayed. 
     In some embodiments, after initiating the process for performing the first storage management operation, the device displays ( 638 ), on the display in the storage management user interface, a progress indicator indicative of a progress of the process for performing the first storage management operation. For example, in  FIG.  5 I , the device displays, in the storage management user interface  503 , a progress indicator  526  indicative of a progress of the process for moving photos from the device to the cloud. 
     In some embodiments, after initiating the process for performing the first storage management operation, the device ceases ( 640 ) to display the storage management user interface. For example, in  FIG.  5 J , in response to detecting the contact  550 F at the location of a return affordance  527  of the storage management user interface  503 , the device ceases to display the storage management user interface  503  (and, instead, displays the settings user interface  504 ). The device detects ( 642 ), via the one or more input devices, a second storage management user input indicative of a request to redisplay the storage management user interface. For example, in  FIG.  5 J , the device detects a contact  550 G at the location of the storage management affordance  525 D. In response to detecting the second storage management user input, the device displays ( 644 ), on the display, the storage management user interface including the progress indicator. Continuing to display the storage management affordance (with a progress indicator) when the storage management user interface is redisplayed provides a more efficient human-machine interface by reducing interaction with the device to, e.g., unnecessarily attempt to initiate performance of the storage management operation already being performed. Reduced interaction with the device increases the time between battery charges and reduces wear-and-tear to the device. For example, in  FIG.  5 K , in response to detecting the contact  550 G at the location of the storage management affordance  525 D, the device displays the storage management user interface  504  including the progress indicator  526 . 
     In some embodiments, after completing the process for performing the first storage management operation, the device ceases ( 646 ) to display a representation of the first storage management operation in the storage management user interface. Ceasing to display the storage management affordance for a storage management operation that is completed provides a more efficient human-machine interface by increasing the screen space available to display other storage management affordances. For example, in  FIG.  5 L , after the process for moving photos to a cloud storage is complete, the device ceases to display the recommendation to move photos to a cloud storage. Further, the device ceases to display the progress indicator  526  of that recommendation. 
     In some embodiments, after completing the process for performing the first storage management operation, the device displays ( 648 ), on the display in the storage management user interface, a completion indicator indicative of a completion of the process for performing the first storage management operation. For example, in  FIG.  5 M , the device displays the completion indicator  527  indicative of completion of the process for performing movement of photos to a cloud storage. 
     In some embodiments, after completing the process for performing the first storage management operation, the device ceases ( 650 ) to display the storage management user interface. For example, in  FIG.  5 O , in response to detecting the contact  550 I at the location of a return affordance  527  of the storage management user interface  503 , the device ceases to display the storage management user interface  503  (and, instead, displays the settings user interface  504 ). The device detects ( 652 ), via the one or more input devices, a second storage management user input indicative of a request to redisplay the storage management user interface. For example, in  FIG.  5 P , the device detects a contact  550 J at the location of the storage management affordance  525 D. In response to detecting the second storage management user input, the device displays ( 654 ), on the display, the storage management user interface without the completion indicator. For example, in  FIG.  5 Q , in response to detecting the contact  550 J at the location of the storage management affordance  525 D, the device displays the storage management user interface  504  without the recommendation to move photos to a cloud storage. Further, the device ceases to display the completion indicator  527  of that recommendation. 
     In some embodiments, the device displays ( 656 ), on the display in the storage management user interface, a plurality of application affordances respectively associated with a plurality of applications. For example, in  FIG.  5 X , the device displays the storage management user interface  504  including a plurality of application affordances  524 A- 524 C respectively associated with a plurality of applications. 
     In some embodiments, the device detects ( 658 ), via the one or more input devices, an application selection user input selecting a particular application affordance of the plurality of application affordances respectively associated with a plurality application of the plurality of applications. For example, in  FIG.  5 X , the device detects a contact  550 Q at the location of an application affordance  524 B associated with a video player application. As another example, in  FIG.  5 AA , the device detects a contact  550 T at the location of an application affordance  524 C associated with a messenger application. 
     In some embodiments, in response to detecting the application selection user input, the device displays ( 660 ), on the display, an application management user interface for managing data stored on the device by the particular application. Displaying an application management user interface provides an efficient human-machine interface for managing data stored on the device by a particular application, reducing the amount of interaction with the device to reduce the amount of data stored on the device. Reducing the amount of interaction with the device converses power and reduces wear-and-tear on the device. Reducing the amount of data stored on the device results in faster memory reads and speedier processor performance. For example, in  FIG.  5 Y , the device displays a video player management user interface  506 B, an application management user interface for managing data stored on the device by the video player application. As another example, in  FIG.  5 AB , the device displays a messenger management user interface  506 C, an application management user interface for managing data stored on the device by the messenger application. 
     In some embodiments, the application management user interface includes ( 662 ) includes an indication of an amount of storage used by the particular application and an amount of storage used by amounts of storage of the device used by the associated data for the particular application. For example, in  FIG.  5 Y , the video player management user interface  506 B includes an application size indication  542 B of the amount of storage of the device  100  used by the video player application itself and an associated data size indication  543 B of the amount of storage of the device  100  used by the video player application for associated data. 
     In some embodiments, the application management user interface includes ( 664 ) includes a delete affordance for deleting the particular application and associated data for the particular application. For example, in  FIG.  5 Y , the video player management user interface  506 B includes a delete affordance  545 B for deleting the video player application and associated data for the video player application. 
     In some embodiments, the application management user interface includes ( 666 ) a demote affordance for deleting the particular application without deleting associated data for the particular application. For example, in  FIG.  5 Y , the video player management user interface  506 B includes a demote affordance  544 B for deleting the video player application without deleting associated data for the particular application. Details regarding the demote affordance and demoting applications are described below with respect to  FIGS.  7 A- 7 B . 
     In some embodiments, the application management user interface includes ( 668 ) one or more storage management affordances respectively associated with one or more storage management operation associated with the particular application. For example, in  FIG.  5 AB , the messenger management user interface  506 C includes a number of recommendations  547 C and corresponding storage management affordances respectively associated with one or more storage management operation associated with the messenger application. 
     In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the particular application uses an application programming interface to cache content items, the application management user interface includes ( 670 ) one or more affordances to delete respective content items that are cached using the application programming interface. For example, in  FIG.  5 Y , the video player management user interface  506 C includes affordances  546 B to delete respective video files that are cached using the application programming interface. 
     In some embodiments, the device detects ( 672 ), via the one or more input devices, an option-removal user input indicative of a request to remove a particular storage management affordance of the storage management user interface. In some embodiments, the device detects ( 674 ), via the one or more input devices, a swipe input at a location corresponding to the particular storage management affordance. For example, in  FIG.  5 F , the device detects a swipe  550 D at the recommendation  522  including the storage management affordance  523 C. 
     In some embodiments, in response to detecting the option-removal user input, the device ceases ( 676 ) to display the particular storage management affordance and displays ( 678 ), on the display in the storage management user interface, a replacement storage management affordance. For example, in  FIG.  5 H , the device ceases to display the storage management affordance  523 C and displays, in the storage management user interface  504 , the storage management affordance  523 D. 
     It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in  FIGS.  6 A- 6 F  have been described is merely example and is not intended to indicate that the described order is the only order in which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to reorder the operations described herein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processes described herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g., method  700 ) are also applicable in an analogous manner to method  600  described above with respect to  FIGS.  6 A- 6 F . For example, the user interfaces and constituent affordances described above with reference to method  600  optionally have one or more of the characteristics of the user interfaces and constituent affordances described herein with reference to other methods described herein (e.g., method  700 ). For brevity, these details are not repeated here. 
       FIGS.  7 A- 7 B  illustrate a flow diagram of a method  700  of demoting an application in accordance with some embodiments. The method  700  is performed at an electronic device (e.g., the portable multifunction device  100  in  FIG.  1 A , or the device  300  in  FIG.  3   ) with one or more processors, a display, and one or more input devices. In some embodiments, the display is a touch-screen display and at least one of the one or more input devices are integrated with the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the one or more input devices. Some operations in method  700  are, optionally, combined and/or the order of some operations is, optionally, changed. 
     As described below, the method  700  provides an intuitive way to demote an application. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when demoting an application, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to demote an application faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     While an application is installed on the device and a representation of the application has a designated location in a respective portion of an application launching user input, the device detects ( 702 ), via the one or more input devices, an application-demotion request to delete the application from the device without deleting the associated data for the application. Deleting the application from the device reduces the amount of data stored on the device. With less data stored on the device, memory reads are faster and more storage is available for use as virtual processor cache, speeding up other operations. Further, by storing less data on the device, fewer or smaller (and less expensive) storage devices are needed on the device. For example, in  FIG.  5 AD , the device detects a contact  550 W at the location of a demote affordance  544 A for deleting a game application without deleting associated data for the game application. 
     In some embodiments, in detecting the application-demotion request, the device detects ( 704 ), via the one or more input devices, selection of an application-demotion affordance associated with the application. For example, in  FIG.  5 AD , the device detects a contact  550 W at the location of a demote affordance  544 A for deleting a game application without deleting associated data for the game application. 
     In some embodiments, in detecting the application-demotion request, the device detects ( 706 ), via the one or more input devices, selection of an option to enable automatic demotion of applications. Enabling automatic demotion of an application increases the likelihood that an application will be demoted, reducing the amount of data stored on the device. Reducing the amount of data stored on the device increases the speed of memory reads and processing using virtual processor cache. For example, in  FIG.  5 AN , the device displays a storage management affordance  523 H for initiating a process to enable automatic demotion of applications. In some embodiments, the automatic demotion of applications is based on ( 708 ) one or more of an amount of free storage of the device, a size of an application, and a time of last-use of an application. As described above, when automatic demotion of applications is enabled, the device demotes applications without instruction from a user. In various implementations, the automatic demotion of applications is based on one or more of an amount of free storage of the device, a size of an application, or a time of last-use of an application. In some embodiments, the time of last-use is based on ( 710 ) use of the application as an extension even if the application has not been launched on the device. For example, a fitness application (having a representation  505 J in  FIG.  5 A ) used recently on a connected device, such as a watch, has a time of last-use corresponding to its use on the connected device. As another example, a custom keyboard application (having a representation  5050  in  FIG.  5 A ) used recently in a messenger application has a time of last-use corresponding to its use in the messenger application. 
     In response to detecting the application-demotion request, the device deletes ( 712 ) the application from the device without deleting the associated data for the application. For example, in  FIG.  5 AE , the game application has been deleted (as indicated by the application size indicator  542 A indicating a storage use of 0 MB) from the device, but the associated data from the application has not been deleted (as indicated by the associated data size indication  543 A indicative a storage use of 21 MB). 
     After deleting the application from the device, the device detects ( 714 ) a request to display the respective portion of the application launching interface. For example, in various implementations, the request to display the respective portion of the application launching interface is depression of a physical button, such as “home” or menu button  204  of  FIG.  2   . 
     In response to detecting the request to display the respective portion of the application launching user interface, the device displays ( 716 ), on the display, the respective portion of the application launching user interface, including displaying the representation of the application in the designated location in the respective portion of the application launching user interface. Continuing to display the representation of the application in the designated location provides an efficient mechanism for the user to redownload the application without, e.g., navigating to an application store, search for the application, download the application, and reposition the representation at a user-preferred location. The reduction in user interaction reduces wear-and-tear of the device. The reduction in user interaction also reduces power drain to redownload the application, increasing battery life of the device. For example, in  FIG.  5 AF , the device displays the application launching user interface  502  with the representation  505 B of the game application in its designated location (e.g., the same location as illustrated in  FIG.  5 A ). 
     In some embodiments, the device displays ( 718 ) a demotion indicia in association with the representation of the application. For example, in  FIG.  5 AF , the device displays the demotion indicia  509  (e.g., a cloud icon in  FIG.  5 AF ) in association with the representation  505 A of the game application indicating that the game application has been deleted from the device, but the associated data for the game application remains stored on the device. 
     In some embodiments, after deleting the application from the device, the device detects ( 720 ), via the one or more input devices, a user input at the designated location. For example, in  FIG.  5 AG , the device detects a contact  550 X at the designated location of the representation  505 B of the game application. 
     In some embodiments, in response to detecting the user input at the designated location, the device downloads ( 722 ) the application and associates, with the application, the associated data for the application. For example, in  FIG.  5 AH  and  FIG.  5 AI , the representation  505 B of the game application is changed (e.g., dimmed) to indicate that the application is being downloaded. 
     In some embodiments, in response to detecting the user input at the designated location, the device launches ( 724 ) the application. By redownloading and launching the application with a single user input, user interaction with the device is reduced, conversing power and reducing wear-and-tear on the device. For example, in  FIG.  5 AJ , the device displays a game user interface  555  of the game application, indicating that the game application has launched. 
     In some embodiments, the device detects ( 726 ), via the one or more input devices, an application-uninstallation request to delete the application from the device and delete the associated data for the application. For example, in  FIG.  5 AO , the device detects a contact  551 C at the location of the delete affordance  545 A. 
     In some embodiments, in response to detecting the application-uninstallation request, the device deletes ( 728 ) the associated data for the application. In implementations, if the application is still on the device, the device deletes the application as well. For example, in  FIG.  5 AP , the representation  505 B of the game application is missing, indicating that the game application (and its associated data) has been deleted. 
     In some embodiments, after deleting the associated data for the application, the device detects ( 730 ) a request to display the respective portion of the application launching user interface. For example, in various implementations, the request to display the respective portion of the application launching interface is depression of a physical button, such as “home” or menu button  204  of  FIG.  2   . 
     In some embodiments, in response to detecting the request to display the respective portion of the application launching user interface, the device displays ( 732 ) the respective portion of the application launching user interface without displaying the representation of the application in the designated location in the respective portion of the application launching user interface. For example, in  FIG.  5 AP , the device displays the application launching user interface  502  without displaying the representation  505 B of the game application. 
     It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in  FIGS.  7 A- 7 B  have been described is merely example and is not intended to indicate that the described order is the only order in which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to reorder the operations described herein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processes described herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g., method  600 ) are also applicable in an analogous manner to method  700  described above with respect to  FIGS.  7 A- 7 B . For example, the user interfaces and constituent affordances described above with reference to method  700  optionally have one or more of the characteristics of the user interfaces and constituent affordances described herein with reference to other methods described herein (e.g., method  600 ). For brevity, these details are not repeated here. 
     The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best use the invention and various described embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20180512
Publication Date: 20230110
Grant Date: 20230110
Priority Date: 20170516
Inventors: YANAGIHARA, KAZUHISA
De Jong, Frank
COFFMAN, PATRICK LEE
ULRICH, ROBERT
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G06F3/04842", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F9/451", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F9/451", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0488", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F8/61", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0482", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04M1/72403", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F8/61", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04M1/72469", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04M1/72406", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F8/62", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0488", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04M1/72406", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04M1/72403", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F8/61", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04M1/72406", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04842", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04M1/72469", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0482", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0488", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F8/62", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F9/451", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04M1/72403", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 64693179