PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-11181949-B2
Application Number: US-201916536014-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Retractable keyboards

Abstract:
Keyboards are disclosed that are retractable. Movable magnetic or mechanical linkage elements are configured to reposition keycaps and stabilizers between different relative positions. Structures in a movable layer can act on the keycaps or stabilizers to move the keycaps and stabilizers into a retracted position for storage and for saving space in an electronic device. The stabilizers can be scissor mechanisms, butterfly mechanisms, and similar devices. The movable layer can be moved in response to rotation of a hinge or other mechanical element in the electronic device.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A keyboard, comprising: a base layer; a keycap; a stabilizer having a pair of arms coupled to the keycap and coupled to the base layer, the pair of arms being pivotable relative to each other about a pivot axis between a raised configuration and a lowered configuration, wherein the keycap and the pivot axis are spaced farther away from the base layer when in the raised configuration relative to the lowered configuration; a first magnetic structure movable between a first position relative to the base layer and a second position relative to the base layer; a second magnetic structure coupled to the stabilizer and having a first portion and a second portion, the first portion comprising a contact segment contacting the first magnetic structure while the stabilizer is in the raised configuration, the first portion comprising an extension segment extending downward away from the pivot axis and connecting the contact segment with the second portion while the stabilizer is in the raised configuration; wherein the first magnetic structure draws the stabilizer from the raised configuration to the lowered configuration upon movement of the first magnetic structure from the first position to the second position, and wherein the first magnetic structure magnetically attracts the contact segment to provide tactile force feedback to the keycap while the first magnetic structure is in the first position. 
     
     
       2. The keyboard of  claim 1 , wherein the stabilizer comprises a pivotable mechanism having a pivot point. 
     
     
       3. The keyboard of  claim 2 , wherein the first position of the first magnetic structure is located on a first side of the pivot point and the second position of the first magnetic structure is located on a second side of the pivot point, the second side being opposite the pivot point relative to the first side. 
     
     
       4. The keyboard of  claim 2 , wherein in the second position the first magnetic structure draws a portion of the stabilizer toward the base layer, the portion of the stabilizer being positioned opposite the pivot point relative to the first magnetic structure when the stabilizer is in the raised configuration. 
     
     
       5. The keyboard of  claim 1 , wherein the second magnetic structure comprises a ferrous portion attracted to the first magnetic structure. 
     
     
       6. The keyboard of  claim 1 , wherein the keycap comprises a ferrous portion attracted to the first magnetic structure. 
     
     
       7. The keyboard of  claim 1 , wherein the first magnetic structure is coupled to a slidable linkage, the slidable linkage being translatable relative to the keycap and stabilizer to move the first magnetic structure between the first and second positions. 
     
     
       8. The keyboard of  claim 1 , wherein in the first position the first magnetic structure is positioned laterally farther from a central axis of movement of the keycap than in the second position. 
     
     
       9. The keyboard of  claim 1 , further comprising a ferrous material in the contact segment, wherein upon movement of the stabilizer from the raised configuration to the lowered configuration, the first magnetic structure breaks contact with the ferrous material. 
     
     
       10. The keyboard of  claim 9 , wherein movement of the first magnetic structure from the first position to the second position breaks contact between the first magnetic structure and a portion of the ferrous material. 
     
     
       11. A laptop computer, comprising: a lid housing; a display positioned in the lid housing; a base housing connected to the lid housing by a hinge, the lid housing being movable relative to the base housing between a closed position wherein the display faces the base housing and an open position; a keyboard assembly positioned in the base housing, the keyboard assembly including: a set of keys movable between a retracted position relative to the base housing and an extended position relative to the base housing, wherein movement of the lid housing from the closed position to the open position causes the set of keys to move from the retracted position to the extended position; a stabilizer supporting a key of the set of keys and including a pair of arms joined at a pivot axis, wherein the pivot axis moves downward as the key moves from the extended position to the retracted position; a first magnetic structure positioned under the key; and a second magnetic structure coupled to an arm of the pair of arms, the arm having a major axis, wherein the magnetic structure extends at an angle downward and away from the major axis to rest on the first magnetic structure when the set of keys is in the extended position. 
     
     
       12. The laptop computer of  claim 11 , further comprising a linkage positioned in the base housing and movable between a first position and a second position, wherein movement of the lid housing relative to the base housing causes movement of the linkage between the first and second positions, wherein movement of the linkage applies a force to the set of keys to move the keys between the retracted and extended positions. 
     
     
       13. The laptop computer of  claim 12 , wherein the force is a mechanical force. 
     
     
       14. The laptop computer of  claim 11 , wherein the second magnetic structure is operable to draw the key of the set of keys from the extended position to the retracted position. 
     
     
       15. The laptop computer of  claim 14 , wherein rotation of the hinge is configured to move the second magnetic structure within the base housing. 
     
     
       16. A laptop computer, comprising: an upper housing coupled to a display; a lower housing having a top surface; a base layer positioned in the lower housing; a keycap positioned above the base layer, the keycap having an outward-facing surface, the keycap being movable between a first position and a second position, wherein in the first position the outward-facing surface is positioned higher than the top surface and in the second position the outward-facing surface is at most positioned in-plane with the top surface; a positioning mechanism actuatable to move at least one magnetic body in the lower housing in response to a user input, wherein movement of the at least one magnetic body is configured to move the keycap between the first and second positions; a scissor mechanism stabilizer supporting the keycap, having arms pivotable about a central pivot axis and pivotally connected to the base layer separate from the central pivot axis, wherein at least one arm of the arms has a major axis; and a magnetic structure coupled to the at least one arm of the scissor mechanism stabilizer, the magnetic structure having a first portion parallel to the major axis and on a first side of the central pivot axis and a second portion at least partially extending at an angle downward and away from the major axis on a second side of the central pivot axis toward the at least one magnetic body, the second side being opposite the pivot axis relative to the first side; wherein a magnetic field output by the at least one magnetic body is configured to provide tactile force feedback to movement of the keycap by attraction of the second portion of the magnetic structure. 
     
     
       17. The laptop computer of  claim 16 , wherein the user input comprises application of a force to move the upper housing relative to the lower housing. 
     
     
       18. The laptop computer of  claim 16 , wherein the at least one magnetic body translates in the lower housing in response to the user input. 
     
     
       19. The laptop computer of  claim 16 , further comprising a compressible dome retractable relative to the lower housing in response to the user input.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S) 
     This claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/783,993, filed 21 Dec. 2018, and entitled “RETRACTABLE KEYBOARDS,” the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     The described embodiments relate generally to keyboard features that can change their positioning relative to a housing. More particularly, the present embodiments relate to retractable keyboards. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Many electronic devices have interface devices and mechanisms to receive input and interaction from users. Major fields for device interaction include computers, such as personal computers, tablet computers, smartphones, and other “smart” devices, such as media players, video and audio equipment, vehicle consoles, home automation controllers, and related devices. These devices can include keyboards, keypads, buttons, touchpads, and so on to receive user input. In some cases, the input devices can also provide output and feedback to users as well, such as through visual, touch/haptics, or audio indicators. 
     Recent advances in computing devices have allowed device makers to dramatically reduce the size of electronic components. Portable devices have become thinner, lighter, and more efficient. However, mechanical user interfaces with the devices have parts that can be difficult to change in size due to user preferences. Users expect devices to have a button or key size that is well-suited for a finger to press, and users generally have a preference for buttons or keys that provide audible and tactile feedback when pressed. Thus, user interfaces such as keyboards and other buttons are designed to have a predetermined size and amount of perceived deflection when pressed. These constraints can make devices larger than needed for some tasks, such as when the user interfaces of the devices are not being used or are stored. 
     Accordingly, there are many challenges and areas for improvements in the interface components of computing devices, and device makers are constantly seeking ways to enhance a user&#39;s experience. 
     SUMMARY 
     Aspects of the present disclosure relate to electronic devices, keyboards, and key assemblies that can be change the positioning of some of their parts relative to a housing, such as by reducing their thickness. One aspect of the disclosure relates to a keyboard comprising a base layer, a keycap, a stabilizer coupled to the keycap and coupled to the base layer, with the stabilizer being movable between a raised configuration and a lowered configuration, wherein the keycap is spaced farther away from the base layer when in the raised configuration relative to the lowered configuration, and a magnetic structure movable between a first position relative to the base layer and a second position relative to the base layer. The magnetic structure can draw the stabilizer from the raised configuration to the lowered configuration upon movement of the magnetic structure from the first position to the second position. 
     The stabilizer can comprise a pivotable mechanism having a pivot point. The first position of the magnetic structure can be located on a first side of the pivot point, and the second position of the magnetic structure can be located on a second side of the pivot point, with the second side being opposite the pivot point relative to the first side. In the second position, the magnetic structure can draw a portion of the stabilizer toward the base layer, with the portion of the stabilizer being positioned opposite the pivot point relative to the base layer when the stabilizer is in the raised configuration. 
     The stabilizer can comprise a ferrous portion attracted to the magnetic structure, or the keycap can comprise a ferrous portion attracted to the magnetic structure. The magnetic structure can also be coupled to the stabilizer. The magnetic structure can be coupled to a slidable linkage, with the sliding linkage being translatable relative to the keycap and stabilizer to move the magnetic structure between the first and second positions. In the first position, the magnetic structure can be positioned laterally farther from a central axis of movement of the keycap than in the second position. The keyboard can further comprise a ferrous material, wherein upon movement of the stabilizer from the raised configuration to the lowered configuration, the magnetic structure breaks contact with the ferrous material. Movement of the magnetic structure from the first position to the second position can break contact between the magnetic structure and a first portion of the ferrous material. 
     Another aspect of the disclosure relates to a laptop computer comprising a lid housing, a display positioned in the lid housing, a base housing connected to the lid housing by a hinge, with the lid housing being movable relative to the base housing between a closed position wherein the display faces the base housing and an open position, and a keyboard assembly positioned in the base housing. The keyboard assembly can include a set of keys, with the set of keys being movable between a retracted position relative to the base housing and an extended position relative to the base housing, wherein movement of the lid housing from the closed position to the open position causes the set of keys to move from the retracted position to the extended position. 
     In some embodiments, the computer can further comprise a linkage positioned in the base housing and movable between a first position and a second position, wherein movement of the lid housing relative to the base housing can cause movement of the linkage between the first and second positions. Movement of the linkage can apply a force to the set of keys to move the keys between the retracted and extended positions. The force can be a mechanical force or a magnetic force. 
     At least one magnet can draw the set of keys from the extended position to the retracted position. Rotation of the hinge can be configured to move the at least one magnet within the base housing. 
     Yet another aspect of the disclosure relates to a laptop computer comprising an upper housing coupled to a display, a lower housing having a top surface, a base layer positioned in the lower housing, and a keycap positioned above the base layer. The keycap can have an outward-facing surface, with the keycap being movable between a first position and a second position. In the first position, the outward-facing surface can be positioned higher than the top surface, and in the second position, the outward-facing surface can be at most positioned in-plane with the top surface. The computer can also include a positioning mechanism actuatable to move at least one magnetic body in the lower housing in response to a user input, wherein movement of the at least one magnetic body is configured to move the keycap between the first and second positions. 
     The user input can comprise application of a force to move the upper housing relative to the lower housing. The at least one magnetic body can translate in the lower housing in response to the user input. The computer can also comprise a compressible dome positioned below the keycap, with the compressible dome being retractable relative to the lower housing in response to the user input. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The disclosure will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like structural elements, and in which: 
         FIG. 1  shows an isometric view of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 2  shows a partial sectional side view of the electronic device of  FIG. 1  with the device in an open configuration. 
         FIG. 2A  shows a detail view of  FIG. 2 . 
         FIG. 3  shows a partial sectional side view of the electronic device of  FIG. 1  with the device in a closed configuration. 
         FIG. 4  shows a diagrammatic side section view of a key assembly in a raised condition. 
         FIG. 5  shows the key assembly of  FIG. 4  in a retracted position. 
         FIG. 6  shows a diagrammatic side section view of an alternative embodiment of a key assembly in a raised condition. 
         FIG. 7  shows a diagrammatic side section view of another embodiment of a key assembly in a raised condition. 
         FIG. 8  shows the key assembly of  FIG. 7  in a retracted position. 
         FIG. 9  shows a diagrammatic side section view of another embodiment of a key assembly in a raised condition. 
         FIG. 10  shows the key assembly of  FIG. 9  in a retracted position. 
         FIG. 11  shows the key assembly of  FIG. 9  in a depressed position. 
         FIG. 12  shows a diagrammatic side section view of other embodiments of a key assembly in a raised condition. 
         FIG. 13  shows a diagrammatic side section view of another embodiment of a key assembly in a raised condition. 
         FIG. 14  shows the key assembly of  FIG. 13  in a retracted position. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Interface devices such as computer keyboards and buttons in smartphones, tablets, computers, and other interactive devices are often required to provide a desired amount and type of deflection, force-resistance, tactility, noise or combination thereof. These factors can contribute to the user&#39;s satisfaction in using the device and their perceived quality of the device and its construction. The cost and methods used to construct and provide these interface devices can also be significant factors in their design and implementation. 
     Accordingly, device makers can implement keyboards or other button devices that have keys (or buttons) with a travel distance (i.e., the distance that the key or button deflects when pressed by the user). In order for the keys to travel through a travel distance, there must be space in the keyboard below the keycap and into which the keycap can move when pressed. The keys can be supported by a stabilizer (e.g., a butterfly mechanism, folding mechanism, or scissor mechanism) and a biasing member (e.g., an elastic dome) that collapse or flatten into the space under the keycap to accommodate key movement. 
     In devices such as keyboards for laptop computers, tablet computers, and related portable devices, the thickness of the keyboard can be a significant contributor to the overall thickness of the device. Accordingly, device makers often seek ways to reduce the thickness of the keyboard in order to improve portability and reduce the overall thickness of the device. Keyboards are also a particular area of interest for reducing thickness since they are made with internal empty space within their structures to accommodate keycap movement. Reducing that space or more efficiently using the space can reduce the overall thickness of a device. 
     Aspects of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses and methods for selectively reducing the thickness of a keyboard by selectively retracting or extending the keys of the keyboard relative to an internal keyboard mounting or support layer. Accordingly, the keys can be moved between a neutral position and a retracted position (or between a neutral position and an extended position) by mechanisms in the keyboard or device to which the keyboard is attached. In some embodiments, the thickness of the keyboard can change when the device is opened, when the device is closed, when the keyboard is moved into an inaccessible position, or when the keyboard is moved into an input-receiving position. 
     As used herein, a key assembly in a “retracted” position differs from one in an otherwise depressed or actuated position (e.g., a position where the user has pressed down on the key) because in a retracted position, the key assembly can remain in a reduced thickness or otherwise compressed configuration without a user applying a force to the keycaps by a finger or instrument (e.g., without the user pressing on a top surface of the keycap downward with a finger, device housing, or display). In some embodiments, the retracted position is associated with a storage mode of the keyboard. 
     In one aspect of the present disclosure, the keys are supported by pivoting or folding stabilizers that are forced to collapse or flatten by movement of components in or around the keyboard. The moving components can be mechanical linkages that induce motion of the stabilizers that pulls the keys into a retracted state similar to the state into which the keys move when pressed down by a user. The moving components can therefore pull or push on the stabilizers to make them collapse or flatten. In some cases, the moving components have magnetic elements that attract (or are attracted to) magnetic elements on the stabilizer, keycap, or other part of the mechanism. The moving components can move the magnets between a position configured to keep the keycaps in an extended position and a position configured to keep the keycaps in a lower position. 
     In some embodiments, a magnetic structure can be movable between a first position on a first side of a pivot point of a stabilizer to an opposite second side of the pivot point of the stabilizer. In the first position, the magnetic structure can repel a portion of the stabilizer, and in the second position, the magnetic structure can attract the portion of the stabilizer. In another case, the magnetic structure can attract the portion of the stabilizer in the first and second positions, but the portion is more strongly attracted in the second position relative to the first position due to an increase in the strength of the magnetic field affecting certain portions of the stabilizer. In this case, the magnetic field attracting certain portions of the stabilizer in the first position can be negligible or significantly smaller than the field attracting those portions of the stabilizer in the second position such that the stabilizer moves in response to the movement of the magnetic structure between the first and second positions. Movement of the magnetic structure from the second position back to the first position can reduce the strength of the magnetic field affecting those portions of the stabilizer so that the stabilizer can operate normally (i.e., without having its ability to be displaced during actuation significantly impacted by the effects of the magnetic field). 
     Magnetic structures in the keycap, stabilizer, and movable structure can comprise a magnet (e.g., a permanent magnet or electromagnet) and a material attracted to the magnet (e.g., a ferrous material). For example, the keycap or stabilizer can comprise a ferrous material attached to, or integrally part of, the keycap or stabilizer, and the movable structure can comprise a permanent magnet. Thus, positioning the permanent magnet relative to the ferrous material can attract the keycap or stabilizer toward the movable retraction structure. Alternatively, the keycap or stabilizer can comprise the magnet, and the movable structure can comprise a ferrous component. In another case, the keycap, stabilizer, and movable structure can all comprise magnets. The relative movement of the magnets can attract or repel the parts from each other as needed to change the relative positioning of the keycaps. 
     The moving components can be positioned on a translatable sheet (or set of strips of material) configured to move in a plane positioned under the keycaps. In some embodiments, the translatable sheet can be moved in response to movement of a housing lid or cover for the keyboard. For example, the translatable sheet can be linked to a laptop hinge in a manner that converts the rotation of the hinge into a generally linear translation of the sheet. The translatable sheet can be referred to as a sliding linkage and can have a shape configuration different from a sheet, such as, for example, one or more rods, tabs, strips, or related components. 
     In other embodiments, the keys are acted upon by components that do not move in the housing of the keyboard or computer. For example, electromagnet components can be positioned under the keycaps, and energization of the electromagnets can raise or lower the keycaps. 
     Magnetic structures in the keycap, stabilizer, and retraction structures can also be used to provide tactile feedback to the user when keys are pressed or retracted. For example, a user&#39;s downward pressure on a keycap can at least partially break contact between a magnet and a ferrous element in the key structures. The same magnet can be used to retract the key independent of the user applying direct pressure to the keycap. 
     Reference will now be made in detail to representative embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the following descriptions are not intended to limit the embodiments to one preferred embodiment. To the contrary, it is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as can be included within the spirit and scope of the described embodiments as defined by the appended claims. 
       FIG. 1  depicts an electronic device  100  including a keyboard  102 . The keyboard  102  includes key mechanisms or assemblies with keycaps  103  or button caps that move when depressed by a user. The keyboard  102  can be positioned within a housing  104  that also contains a display  106  (e.g., a liquid crystal display screen) and a track pad  108 . The housing  104  can comprise an upper housing  110  supporting the display  106  and a base housing  112  supporting the keyboard  102  and track pad  108 . The upper and base housing  110 ,  112  can be joined at a hinge  114  about which the upper housing  110  can rotate relative to the lower portion  112 . The upper housing  110  can be referred to as a lid portion, and the base housing  112  can be referred to as a base portion. 
     Although the electronic device  100  of  FIG. 1  is shown as a notebook/laptop computer, it will be readily apparent that features and aspects of the present disclosure that are described in connection with the notebook computer can be applied in various other devices. These other devices can include, but are not limited to, personal computers (including, for example, computer “towers,” “all-in-one” computers, computer workstations, and related devices) and related accessories, speakers, graphics tablets and graphical input pens/styluses, watches, headsets, other wearable devices, and related accessories, vehicles and related accessories, network equipment, servers, screens, displays, and monitors, photography and videography equipment and related accessories, printers, scanners, media player devices and related accessories, remotes, headphones, earphones, device chargers, computer mice, trackballs, and touchpads, point-of-sale equipment, cases, mounts, and stands for electronic devices, controllers for games, remote control (RC) vehicles/drones, augmented reality (AR) devices, virtual reality (VR) devices, home automation equipment, and any other electronic device that uses, sends, or receives human input. Thus, the present disclosure provides illustrative and non-limiting examples of the kinds of devices that can implement and apply aspects of the present disclosure. 
     The keyboard  102  can include a set of assembled components for each key. The assembly of these components can be referred to as a “stack-up” due to their substantially layered configuration.  FIG. 2  shows a diagrammatic partial side section view of the electronic device  100  of  FIG. 1 , as indicated by section lines  2 - 2  in  FIG. 1 . Each of the keycaps  103  are supported by a stabilizer  200  and a base layer  202 . A movable layer  204  can be located below the keycaps  103  and stabilizers  200 . The movable layer  204  can comprise a set of magnets  206  configured to move with the movable layer  204 . 
     In  FIGS. 1 and 2 , the electronic device  100  is in an open configuration. In other words, the upper housing  110  of the housing  104  is rotated away from the base housing  112  (about hinge  114 ) and is not covering or closed over the keyboard  102 . The keyboard  102  is therefore exposed and available for access by the user (i.e., able to receive input from the user). 
     The base layer  202  can comprise a feature plate, substrate, printed circuit board (PCB), chassis component, or similar support structure configured to support the stabilizers  200  and keycaps  103 . The base layer  202  can be generally rigid and flat. In some embodiments, the base layer  202  can be positioned vertically lower than at least some portions of the movable layer  204 . For example, in some embodiments a movable layer  204  comprising a set of strips of material can have those strips positioned in open spaces between the keycaps  103  and the base layer  202 . 
     The keycaps  103  and stabilizers  200  are in a raised position in  FIGS. 1 and 2 . Thus, the keycaps  103  and stabilizers  200  are fully extended away from the base layer  202  and movable layer  204 . Each of the keycaps  103  can be positioned over an open space or void  201  between the keycaps  103  and base layer  202 . The stabilizers  200  can each be positioned in the void  201 . Pressing the keycaps  103  can cause the keycaps  103  and the stabilizers  200  to occupy additional volume in the void  201  relative to the position shown in  FIG. 2 . In some embodiments, each keycap  103  has a separate void  201  underneath it. Additionally, in some embodiments the void  201  is substantially filled with compressible or redistributable material (e.g., compressible foam, gel, or rubber), but the keycap  103  is still capable of being pressed into the void  201  and occupying space within the void  201  due to compression or another accommodating change to the shape or size of the compressible or redistributable material. 
     As shown in  FIG. 2 , the keycaps  103  protrude from a top surface  208  of the base housing  112 . See also  FIG. 2A , which is a detail view of the keyboard portion of  FIG. 2 . In some embodiments, the top surface  208  is the top surface of a web structure interspersed between or framing the keycaps  103 . In some embodiments, the top surface  208  is the top surface of a track pad  108  or a palm rest portion of the base housing  112 . The top surface  208  can also be the outer top surface of the base housing  112  surrounding the keyboard  102 . The top surface  208  can be referred to as an outward-facing surface since it faces outward relative to the inward direction (i.e., a direction pointing downward in  FIG. 2  under the keycaps or within the electronic device housing). 
     Vertically protruding keycaps  103  can be easier to use by feel since their edges are spaced apart from each other and relative to the top surface  208 . Thus, the keycaps  103  can have improved key definition in the configuration shown in  FIGS. 1, 2, and 2A . See also  FIGS. 4, 6, 7, 9, 12, and 13  and their related descriptions herein. In a retracted position, the keycaps  103  do not protrude (or protrude less) from the top surface  208  and are retracted to a state where they are less protruding, flat or even with a plane of the top surface  208 , or recede below the top surface  208 . See also  FIGS. 3, 5, 8, 10, and 14  and their related descriptions herein. 
       FIG. 3  shows a diagrammatic side section view wherein the electronic device  100  is in a closed configuration. The upper housing  110  of the housing  104  is rotated to a position substantially parallel to the base housing  112  (about hinge  114 ) and is covering the keyboard  102 . In this position, the keyboard  102  is enclosed by the upper housing  110  of the housing and is inaccessible to the user. In this configuration, the keycaps  103  cannot be accessed or pressed by the user due to the presence of the upper housing  110  of housing  104 , so they may not need to be in a raised or extended configuration. When covered, they do not need to provide key definition for a user&#39;s touch. 
     The keycaps  103  are in a retracted or reduced-thickness configuration in  FIG. 3 . In this configuration, the keycaps  103  are moved into the void  201  shown in  FIG. 2 , and the stabilizers  200  are collapsed to accommodate the keycaps  103 . Thus, the keycaps  103  and stabilizers  200  occupy additional volume in the void  201  relative to the configuration shown in  FIG. 2 . The collapse of the stabilizers  200  also reduces the maximum overall thickness of the keyboard  102 . Thus, space within the electronic device  100  can be more efficiently filled in the configuration of  FIG. 3  because there is less air or unfilled voids (e.g.,  201 ) within the keyboard  102 . 
       FIG. 2  shows that the magnets  206  on the movable layer  204  are horizontally offset and vertically misaligned relative to the key mechanisms  103 ,  200 . In  FIG. 3 , the magnets  206  are vertically aligned with the key mechanisms  103 ,  200 . In this embodiment, the magnets  206  can magnetically attract the key mechanisms  103 ,  200  toward the movable layer  204 . As used herein, two parts are “vertically aligned” if a vertical axis extending through one of the parts also extends through the other part. Similarly, two parts are “horizontally aligned” if a horizontal axis extends through both parts. A vertical direction as used herein extends perpendicularly through a top surface of the keycaps shown in the figures, and horizontal direction extends perpendicular to the vertical direction. 
     In the configuration of  FIG. 2 , the magnets  206  do not apply a sufficient magnetic force to withdraw and retract the key mechanisms to the base layer  202  due to being spaced sufficiently far enough away from ferrous material in the key mechanisms to avoid keeping the key mechanisms in the retracted configuration. By comparison, the relatively closer position of the magnets  206  relative to ferrous parts of the key mechanisms in  FIG. 3  causes the keycaps  103  to remain retracted without a mechanical downward force being applied on the top surface of the keycaps  103  (e.g., a user or the display  106  pressing down on the keycaps  103 ). Thus, the keycaps  103  are retracted by the magnets  206  independent of a top-surface-applied force. 
     The movable layer  204  can be a linkage connected to the hinge  114  that is movable in response to rotation of the hinge  114 . For example, the movable layer  204  can be configured to translate laterally under the keycaps  103  and stabilizers  200  as the upper housing  110  of the housing  104  rotates relative to the base housing  112 . The movable layer  204  can comprise a flexible material configured to wrap and unwrap around the hinge  114  (as can be seen by comparing hinge  114  and movable layer  204  in  FIGS. 2 and 3 ), a roller or other component that may be associated with the hinge. For example, the movable layer  204  can comprise a fabric, textile, flexible polymer sheet, flexible metal sheet, flexible composite sheet, other similar material, or combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the flexible material comprises a VECTRAN(R) sheet. In some embodiments, the movable layer  204  comprises a rigid material configured to slide in response to movement of the hinge  114 . The movement of the movable layer  204  can move the magnets  206  between a first position that holds the keycaps  103  downward and a second position that allows the keycaps  103  to raise upward relative to the base layer  202 . The movable layer  204  can comprise one or more sheets, rods, strips of material, related components, or combinations thereof. 
     The hinge  114  can comprise a single-axis pivoting hinge (e.g., similar to a door/barrel hinge), or it can comprise a multi-pivot hinge (e.g., a hinge with multiple parallel pivoting axes that extend through multiple relatively pivotable segments). The movable layer  204  can be directly or indirectly connected to an outer radial portion of the hinge  114  as a linkage that translates as the hinge  114  rotates, as diagrammatically shown in the broken lines of  FIGS. 2-3 . In some embodiments, multiple axially-aligned hinges are connected to the movable layer  204 , such as, for example, one hinge at each end of the position of the hinge  114  of  FIG. 1 . 
     The magnets  206  can comprise a set of permanent magnets, electromagnets, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the movement of the movable layer  204  moves the magnets  206  and thereby increases or decreases the magnetic attraction or repulsion forces applied to the keycaps  103 , stabilizers  200 , or both. As disclosed elsewhere herein, the magnets  206  can also be part of a system for providing tactile force feedback for the keyboard  102 . 
       FIG. 4  is a detail side view of a key assembly  400  according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. The assembly  400  can comprise a keycap  403  (similar to keycaps  103 ), a stabilizer  401  (similar to stabilizers  200 ), a base layer  402  (similar to base layer  202 ), a movable layer  404  (similar to movable layer  204 ), and a magnetic structure  406  (similar to magnets  206 ). A collapsible dome  408  is shown positioned between the keycap  403  and the base layer  402 . The dome  408  can be mounted to the base layer  402  centered under the keycap  403 . The dome  408  can be elastically collapsible and compressible to provide tactile force feedback and an upward biasing force to the key assembly  400 . The dome  408  can be retractable, meaning it can be compressed into a reduced thickness or it can be moved relative to the base layer  402  when the keycap  403  moves relative to the base layer  402 . In one embodiment, retraction of the keycap  403  can cause the dome  408  to move through the base layer  402  or through the movable layer  404  without the dome  408  being compressed. Thus, the dome  408  can be moved to a retracted position without being subject to compressive stresses. 
     In  FIG. 4 , the keycap  403  is in a raised condition wherein the keycap  403  is spaced away from the base layer  402  and the stabilizer  401  and dome  408  are expanded. A void  426  is positioned between the keycap  403  and the base layer  402 . In this condition, a downward force applied to the top surface  410  of the keycap  403  can compress the dome  408  and collapse the stabilizer  401 . Releasing the downward force can allow the keycap  403 , stabilizer  401 , and dome  408  to return to the position shown in  FIG. 4 . Thus, the keycap  403  can be referred to as being in an actuatable raised condition or an extended condition in  FIG. 4 . In this condition, the top surface  410  of the keycap  403  is positioned higher than the surrounding web structure  412  (which is comparable to top surface  208 ). 
     In the state shown in  FIG. 4 , the magnetic structure  406  is out of vertical alignment with the keycap  403 , stabilizer  401 , and dome  408 . The stabilizer  401 , keycap  403 , or a portion of either can comprise a ferrous material (or another member having a ferrous material attached thereto), but due to the location of the magnetic structure  406  relative of the ferrous material, the stabilizer  401  and keycap  403  are able to move without being secured in place by the magnetic attraction between the magnetic structure  406  and the ferrous material. See also  FIG. 12  and its related descriptions herein which also can apply to the embodiment shown in  FIG. 4 . For example, the stabilizer  401  can comprise a ferrous wing or arm  414  that is pivotably connected to the base layer  402  at pivot point  416 . The magnetic structure  406  is positioned at a laterally offset position relative to the wing or arm  414  (e.g., at a location that is laterally between adjacent keys  403 ) and therefore does not draw down the arm  414 . 
       FIG. 5  is a detail side view of the key assembly  400  with the magnetic structure  406  repositioned under the arm  414  of the stabilizer  401  (i.e., to a position below and vertically aligned with the arm  414  and keycap  403 ). In comparing  FIGS. 4 and 5 , it is noted that the position of the magnetic structure  406  in  FIG. 5  is laterally closer to the vertical axis of movement of the keycap  403  than the position of the magnetic structure  406  in  FIG. 4 . In this position (i.e., as shown in  FIG. 5 ), the magnetic attraction force applied to the stabilizer arm  414  draws the arm  414  toward the magnetic structure  406  and therefore rotates the arm  414  about the pivot point  416 . The scissor mechanism configuration of the stabilizer  401  also draws down the other arm  418  (see  FIG. 4 ) of the stabilizer  401  due to the other arm  418  being pivotably connected to the ferrous arm  414  at a central pivot axis  420 . Accordingly, the stabilizer  401  is in a collapsed configuration in  FIG. 5 . The keycap  403  can be attached to the stabilizer  401  at rotatable connection points  422 ,  424 , so the keycap  403  can be drawn downward by the arms  414 ,  418  of the stabilizer  401 . Movement of the keycap  403  can also cause compression of the dome  408 . Accordingly, positioning the magnetic structure  406  underneath and vertically aligned with the ferrous arm  414  can collapse the keycap  403  and stabilizer  401  into the void  426  (see  FIG. 4 ) that is defined between the keycap  403  and base layer  402  when the keycap is in the raised condition without external force being applied to the top of the key cap  403 . 
     In order for the magnetic structure  406  to move between the first position of  FIG. 4  and the second position of  FIG. 5 , the magnetic structure  406  translates laterally under the base layer  402 . Between the position of  FIG. 4  and the position of  FIG. 5 , the magnetic structure  406  moves from left to right. It will be understood that in some embodiments, the magnetic structure  406  can move from right to left (e.g., as indicated in  FIGS. 2 and 3 ), can move in a direction perpendicular to the page in  FIGS. 4 and 5 , or can move in another lateral direction. The translation can be provided by lateral movement of the movable layer  404 . The movable layer  404  can translate in response to operation of a mechanism in the electronic device  100  (e.g., separating or rotating the upper housing  110  of the housing  104  away from the base housing  112 ). In some embodiments, the movable layer  404  can translate in response to a user operating a positioning mechanism such as by sliding a handle or lever (not shown) on or in the housing  104 . 
     In the embodiment of  FIG. 6 , a static layer  604  is provided in place of a movable layer (e.g.,  404 ). The static layer  604  can be held stationary or fixed relative to the base layer  402 . The static layer  604  can have a set of electromagnets  606  configured to be activated (i.e., to generate a magnetic field and an attractive force on the stabilizer  401 ) or to be deactivated (i.e., to not generate the magnetic field and not apply the attractive force). The electromagnets  606  can be connected to an electric circuit (not shown) configured control their activation, deactivation, or strength. 
     The static layer  604  and magnet  606  can remain in the position shown in  FIG. 6  and can allow the key to operate without being significantly magnetically attracted or repelled by the magnet  606  while the electromagnet is deactivated. Furthermore, when the electromagnet is activated, the keycap  403  can be retracted downward toward the base layer  402 , thereby reducing the thickness of the key assembly  600 . In some embodiments, the electromagnet can change polarity in order to selectively attract or repel the magnetic structures of the keycap  403  or stabilizer  401 . 
       FIG. 7  shows another embodiment of a key assembly  700  according to the present disclosure. In this embodiment, similar indicator numerals are used to signify similar parts. The keycap  703  can be linked to the base layer  702  by a stabilizer  701  that has a scissor mechanism configuration. In this case, a magnet may be omitted. Instead, retraction of the stabilizer  701  and keycap  703  can be caused by a mechanical force applied when the movable layer  726  moves relative to the base layer  702 . Lateral translation of the movable layer  726  can effect lateral displacement of a hook  728  (or other engaging element such as, for example, a clip or fastener) that is coupled with a pin  730  (or other second engaging element corresponding to the first engaging element (e.g., hook  728 )). As used herein, a part can be “coupled” to another part if it is in direct contact with the other part or directly attached to the other part. 
     The pin  730  can be positioned on an arm  718  of the stabilizer  701 . Therefore, lateral movement of the pin  730  can induce vertical movement of the keycap  703  due to the pivot axis  720  attaching a second arm  714  with the first arm  718 . The second arm  714  can be pivotably connected to the base layer  702  (e.g., at pivot axis  716 ) and therefore would not translate with the pin  730  of the first arm  718 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 8 , lateral translation of the pin  730  can induce retraction of the keycap  703  by collapsing the stabilizer  701  into the void  725  (defined between the keycap  703  and the base layer  702  when in the position shown in  FIG. 7 ). Accordingly, the keycap  703  can be retracted without necessarily applying a magnetic force. The movable layer  704  can be mechanically linked to the hinge  114 , a handle, or other mechanism to translate the movable layer  704  and collapse the keys by applying a mechanical force to the stabilizers  701 . In some embodiments, this type of mechanical retractor can be used in combination with magnetic retraction devices described elsewhere herein. 
     Another embodiment of the present disclosure is shown in the diagrammatic side section views of  FIGS. 9-11 . As shown in  FIG. 9 , a key assembly  900  can include a keycap  903  supported by a stabilizer  901  and a dome  908  on a base layer  902 . The stabilizer  901  can have arms  914 ,  918  that are pivotable relative to each other about a pivot axis  920  when the keycap  903  is depressed. The arms  914 ,  918  can be mounted to the base layer  902  and to the keycap  903  and can slide or pivot while coupled with the base layer  902  or keycap  903 . 
     A movable layer  904  can be positioned below the base layer  902  and can be laterally translatable, similar to other movable layers described herein. A first magnetic structure  906  can be coupled to the movable layer  904 , and a second magnetic structure  907  can be coupled to the stabilizer  901 . The first magnetic structure  906  and second magnetic structure  907  can be a pairing of a magnet and a ferrous structure attracted to the magnet or a pairing of two magnets configured to be attracted to each other. In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 9 , the first magnetic structure  906  is a magnet coupled with the movable layer  904 , and the second magnetic structure  907  is a ferrous material coupled with or integrally formed with the stabilizer  901 . 
     The first magnetic structure  906  can be configured to move with the movable layer  904 . Thus, lateral translation of the movable layer  904  can correspond to lateral translation of the first magnetic structure  906 . The first magnetic structure  906  can be configured to slide within an opening  909  through the base layer  902 . 
     The second magnetic structure  907  can be coupled to the stabilizer  901 . As shown in  FIG. 9 , the second magnetic structure  907  can be mounted to or can be a part of an arm  914 . The second magnetic structure  907  can extend across the pivot axis  920  of the stabilizer  901 , wherein a tactile portion  915  (or first portion) of the second magnetic structure  907  is positioned on a first side of the pivot axis  920  and a retraction portion  925  (or second portion) of the second magnetic structure  907  is positioned on a second, opposite side of the pivot axis  920 . As shown in  FIG. 9 , the tactile portion  915  can be positioned on a left side of the pivot axis  920 , and the retraction portion  925  can be positioned on a right side of the axis  920 . In some embodiments, the retraction portion  925  can be parallel to the major axis of the arm  914  on which it is located, and the tactile portion  915  can be at least partially non-parallel to the major axis. 
     The tactile portion  915  can comprise an extension segment  916  and a coupling segment  917  of the second magnetic structure  907 . The coupling segment  917  can be configured to contact a surface of the first magnetic structure  906  when the first magnetic structure is positioned on the same side of the pivot axis  920  as the coupling segment  917  and the keycap  903  is in a raised condition, as shown in  FIG. 9 . 
     When the movable layer  904  translates under the base layer  902 , the first magnetic structure  906  slides within the opening  909 , as shown in  FIG. 10 . The attraction between the second magnetic structure  907  and the first magnetic structure  906  draws the retraction portion  925  of the second magnetic structure  907  downward, thereby collapsing the stabilizer  901  and retracting the keycap  903 . Accordingly, vertically aligning the retraction portion  925  and the first magnetic structure  906  can reduce the thickness of the key assembly  900  and can position the keycap  903  and stabilizer  901  to take up empty space within the void  927  (see  FIG. 9 ) between the keycap  903  and the base layer  902 . 
     The retraction portion  925  of the second magnetic structure  907  can be sized to enhance the attractive force that draws it to the first magnetic structure  906 . For example, the length or thickness of the retraction portion  925  can be greater than the length and thickness of the tactile portion  915 . In some embodiments, the material used in the retraction portion  925  is more magnetically attracted to the first magnetic structure  906  than the material used in the tactile portion  915 . 
     Additionally, the first magnetic structure  906  can move from one side of the pivot axis  920  (as shown in  FIG. 9 ) to the opposite side thereof (as shown in  FIG. 10 ). Therefore, if the arm  914  is pivotally connected to the base layer  902  (e.g., about pivot axis  922 ), the first magnetic structure  906  can apply a greater moment to the arm  914  as it moves away from the pivot axis  922 , thereby more easily collapsing the stabilizer  901 . Furthermore, the extension segment  916  can extend at an angle downward away from the major axis of the arm  914  and thereby can allow the arm  914  (and second magnetic structure  907 ) to rest on the first magnetic structure  906  relatively higher up when the keycap  903  is in the raised condition ( FIG. 9 ) as compared to when the arm  914  rests on the first magnetic structure  906  and the keycap  903  is in the retracted condition ( FIG. 10 ). In other words, the spacing of the coupling segment  917  due to the size and orientation of the extension segment  916  can allow the coupling segment  917  to contact the first magnetic structure  906  with the keycap  903  farther from the base layer  902  than when the retraction portion  925  contacts the first magnetic structure. 
     The key assembly  900  can have its keycap  903  retracted in response to lateral movement of the movable layer  904 . Said another way, the key assembly  900  can retract its keycap  903  and stabilizer  901  in response to a change in a magnetic field applied to the stabilizer  901  or keycap  903 . The change in the magnetic field can be a change in the relative position of the magnetic field relative to a magnetic structure of the keycap or stabilizer. 
     The first magnetic structure  906  can be translated from the position shown in  FIG. 10  to the position shown in  FIG. 9 . As it moves, the magnetic structure  906  can slide against the extension segment  916 . The angled orientation of the extension segment  916  can direct the lateral force applied by the translation of the first magnetic structure  906  into an at least partially upward-directed force on the stabilizer  901 , thereby assisting the return of the stabilizer  901  to its raised condition shown in  FIG. 9 . Thus, the first magnetic structure  906  can break contact with the retraction portion  925  as it translates from the retraction configuration (of  FIG. 10 ) to the extended configuration (of  FIG. 9 ). 
     In the embodiment of  FIGS. 9-11 , a collapsible dome  908  can be included to provide tactile force feedback when the keycap  903  is pressed. In some embodiments, the collapsible dome  908  can be omitted from the assembly  900 . For example, in some cases the device maker or user can desire to store the keyboard in a retracted condition for an extended period of time. In that time, some types of domes  908  can lose their resilience and elasticity due to heat, extended-duration and concentrated stresses (e.g., break-in effects), and related phenomena. Accordingly, domes  908  can be omitted in some cases to avoid subjecting domes  908  to these conditions. 
     Tactile force feedback in the assembly  900  can be provided by the dome  908 , the interaction between the first magnetic structure  906  and the second magnetic structure  907 , or both. For example, the magnetic structures can provide tactility by pivoting the second magnetic structure  907  while the first magnetic structure  906  is in a first position relative to the base layer  902  (e.g., the position of the first magnetic structure  906  in  FIGS. 9 and 11 ), thereby breaking the contact between the coupling segment  917  and the surface of the first magnetic structure  906 . Breaking that contact can require a preliminary amount of force applied to the keycap  903  in order to overcome the magnetic attractive force pulling them together. Once the attractive force is overcome, the keycap  903  can move more easily until it reaches a bottomed-out condition. Accordingly, the force-displacement curve of the switch can include an initially increasing amount of force that peaks (i.e., at a peak tactile force) substantially before the magnetic attractive force begins to be overcome and the first magnetic structure  906  at least partially starts to break contact with the coupling segment  917  in the manner shown in  FIG. 11 . The unit force per unit of displacement then decreases until a bottom-out condition is reached (i.e., the condition shown in  FIG. 11 ). During this motion, the stabilizer  901  can collapse with the arms  914 ,  918  pivoting about pivot axis  920  and thereby pulling the coupling segment  917  at least partially away from the first magnetic structure  906 . In some arrangements, the decoupling of the coupling segment  917  and the first magnetic structure  906  can be configured to enhance and supplement the peak tactile force of a dome  908  that provides its own peak tactile force or resistance to compression that is overcome as the dome  908  collapses or buckles. 
     Referring now more generally to the figures, a magnetic structure can have various configurations on a stabilizer (e.g.,  200 ,  401 ,  901 ). For example, stabilizer  401  can comprise an arm  418 , wherein the entire length of the arm  418  comprises a magnetic material. For example, the arm  418  can be constructed of a ferrous material or can comprise a ferrous material that is distributed throughout the length of the arm  418 . A rod or other piece of material that has a substantially similar length to the entire arm  418  can be positioned in or attached to the arm  418 . Thus, the magnetic structure  406  can draw the arm  418  toward it when the magnetic structure  406  is located vertically under the arm  418 . When the arm  418  is being retracted, the magnetic structure  406  can be configured to move under the highest portion of the arm  418  (i.e., the part of the arm  418  that is spaced furthest away from the base layer  402 ) since the magnetic force applied to the arm  418  at that end can be configured to apply a greater moment to the arm  418  than application of the magnetic force at the opposite end thereof (i.e., under rotatable connection  424  in  FIG. 4 ). Thus, the strength of the magnetic structure  406  can be optimized to apply enough force to retract the arm  418  without being unnecessarily strong and potentially interfering with the operation of other parts of the keyboard (e.g.,  102 ) or electronic device (e.g.,  100 ). These principles and features can be implemented in any of the stabilizers described herein. 
     In some embodiments, the base layer  402  can comprise segments or portions configured to divert magnetic flux emitted by the magnetic structure  406 . Accordingly, the base layer  402  can significantly divert magnetic flux away from magnetic material in the stabilizer  401  or keycap  403  when the magnetic structure  406  is in the position shown in  FIG. 4 , and the base layer can less significantly divert magnetic flux of the magnetic structure  406  that acts on the stabilizer  401  or keycap  403  when the magnetic structure  406  is in the position shown in  FIG. 5 . Similar flux-absorbing or flux-diverting portions or sections can be provided in other base layers described herein as well. 
     In some arrangements, the shape and positioning of a magnetic structure on an arm can be optimized based on the expected location of the magnetic structure in the movable layer. For example, as shown in  FIG. 12 , a magnetic element  1200   a  can have a shape and position wherein it is confined to an upper end  1202  of an arm  1218 . Thus, the magnetic element  1200   a  can be substantially entirely positioned vertically above the magnetic element  1206   a  of the movable layer  1204  when the magnetic element  1206   a  is in a retraction position relative to the arm  1218 . The movement of the magnetic element  1206  can be along a direction that is extends at an angle (e.g., perpendicular) to the pivot axis  1220  or parallel to the pivot axis  1220 . 
     In some embodiments, both arms  1214 ,  1218  can comprise the magnetic element of the stabilizer  1201 . Thus, part or all of the lengths of both arms  1214 ,  1218  can comprise magnetic material attracted to a magnetic element  1206   a.  With the magnetic element  1206   a  positioned relatively close to the arm  1214  as compared to arm  1218 , a lesser moment can be applied by the magnetic element  1206   a  to the lower arm  1214  as compared to the upper arm  1218 . With the magnetic element  1206   b  positioned more centrally under the stabilizer  1201 , a substantially equal attractive force can be applied by the magnetic element  1206   b  to each arm  1214 ,  1218 . The magnetic element  1206  can move from a position not vertically aligned with the stabilizer  1201  to a position vertically aligned with the stabilizer  1201 . Thus, in some cases, the magnetic element  1206   b  can be positioned under the keycap  1203  and stabilizer  1201 , and if a collapsible dome is also included, the magnetic element  1206   b  can be positioned under the dome as well. In some embodiments, the collapsible dome can comprise a magnetic structure or material that, when positioned within a magnetic field of sufficient strength coming from the magnetic element  1206   b , can be attracted to or repelled by the magnetic element  1206   b.    
     Similarly, a magnetic element  1200   b  can be positioned on an end of the keycap  1203 , can be centrally positioned in the keycap  1203  (e.g., magnetic element  1200   c ), can be positioned around a perimeter of the keycap  1203 , or can be generally distributed throughout the keycap  1203 . In each case, the magnetic element ( 1206   a,    1206   b,  or other magnetic element in movable layer  1204 ) can apply a different amount of magnetic attractive force to the keycap  1203  to pull on the keycap  1203  as needed to overcome any upward bias on the keycap  1203  (e.g., by a dome, spring, or other biasing member) based on the strength of the magnetic field and the distance and orientation of the magnetic elements  1200 ,  1206 . 
       FIGS. 13-14  show aspects of an additional embodiment of the present disclosure. The key assembly  1300  of these figures can include a keycap  1303  supported by a wing-hinged butterfly mechanism  1301  and base layer  1302 . The butterfly mechanism  1301  can stabilize the vertical movement of the keycap  1303  to limit tilting or rotation of the keycap  1303  as it is pressed downward. The butterfly mechanism  1301  can therefore be referred to as a stabilizer. The butterfly mechanism  1301  can comprise arms  1314 ,  1318  and two pivot axes  1320 ,  1321 . The arms  1314 ,  1318  can be joined by a hinge  1322 . The hinge  1322  can comprise a bendable connective material (as shown in  FIGS. 13-14 ) or a set of interlocking teeth or gears (not shown) that convert rotational movement of one arm (e.g., movement of  1314  about  1320 ) into corresponding opposite rotational movement the other arm (e.g., movement of  1318  about  1321 ). 
     The butterfly mechanism  1301  can comprise a magnetic structure. For example, one or both of the arms  1314 ,  1318  can be a magnetic structure or can comprise a magnetic structure. The magnetic structure can be positioned in an outer end (e.g.,  1324 ) or an inner end (e.g.,  1326 ) of an arm  1314 ,  1318 . In other words, the magnetic structure can be positioned on an outer side of a pivot axis (e.g., end  1324  is on an outer side of pivot axis  1320 ) or an inner side thereof (e.g., end  1326  is on an inner side of pivot axis  1320 . Alternatively, the inner and outer ends of the arm can have a magnetic structure or the entire arm can be a magnetic structure. The magnetic structure of the arm can be referred to as a first magnetic structure and can comprise one or more ferrous materials or magnets. In some embodiments, the keycap  1303  can comprise the first magnetic structure in the manner described in connection with keycap  1203  herein. 
     The pivot axes  1320 ,  1321  can be pivotally connected to the base layer  1302 . The pivot axes  1320 ,  1321  can be referred to as fulcrums of the arms  1314 ,  1318 , and forces applied to the arms  1314 ,  1318  can be comparable to forces applied to lever arms. 
     A second magnetic structure  1306  can be positioned on a movable layer  1304  below the base layer  1302  and below the first magnetic structure. As with other movable layers described herein, the movable layer  1304  can move laterally to adjust the position of the second magnetic structure  1306 . 
     In a first embodiment, a second magnetic structure  1306   a  is positioned out of vertical alignment with the first magnetic structure in the keycap  1303  or the outer end  1324  of the arm  1314 , as shown in  FIG. 13 . In this state, the keycap  1303  and butterfly mechanism  1301  can be operated without significant inhibition by the second magnetic structure  1306   a.    
     The key assembly  1300  can be transitioned to a retracted state by repositioning the movable layer  1304  and second magnetic structure  1306   b  as shown in  FIG. 14 . In that position, the second magnetic structure  1306   b  is vertically aligned with at least a portion of the first magnetic structure in the keycap  1303  or arm  1314 , and it draws the first magnetic structure downward in response. In other words, the butterfly mechanism  1301  collapses or has its arm  1314  pivot when acted upon by the force of magnetic attraction between the first and second magnetic structures. The pivoting of the arm  1314  about the pivot axis  1320  induces pivoting of arm  1318  about pivot axis  1321  due to their connection at hinge  1322 . Accordingly, the entire assembly  1300  is reduced in thickness. 
     In a second embodiment, a second magnetic structure  1306   c  can be positioned inward of a pivot axis (e.g.,  1320  in  FIG. 13 ). In other words, the second magnetic structure  1306   c  can be positioned under an inner end (e.g.,  1326 ) of an arm (e.g.,  1314 ). In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 13 , the second magnetic structure  1306   c  can be positioned vertically aligned with an opening  1309  through the base layer  1302 . The opening  1309  can accommodate the inner ends  1326  of the stabilizer  1301 . The area near and under opening  1309  can also be an area in which a magnetic field from the second magnetic structure  1306   c  is less absorbed or redirected in comparison to the base layer  1302 . 
     The first magnetic structure can be at least partially in the inner end  1326  of the arm  1314  (or in the inner end of arm  1318 ). In this state, the magnetic attraction between the magnetic structures can draw the inner end or ends of the butterfly mechanism  1301  downward, so the keycap  1303  is biased upward as the arms  1314 ,  1318  pivot about their pivot axes  1320 ,  1321 . In some embodiments, the arm  1314  contacts the second magnetic structure  1306   c.  Pressing the keycap  1303  downward in this case can require force sufficient to overcome the magnetic attraction between the magnetic structures. Therefore, the magnetic structures can provide or supplement peak tactile force feedback when the keycap  1303  is pressed. In some arrangements, a compressible dome (e.g., similar to dome  908 ) can also be included to supply force feedback, as described elsewhere herein. In some embodiments, there is no first magnetic element in the inner end  1326 , and the second magnetic element  1306   c  does not attract the inner end  1326  or keycap in the position shown in  FIG. 13 . 
     The key assembly  1300  can be transitioned to a retracted state by repositioning the movable layer  1304  and second magnetic structure  1306   d,  as shown in  FIG. 14 . In that position, the second magnetic structure  1306   d  is vertically aligned with at least a portion of the first magnetic structure in the keycap  1303  or arm  1314  that is outwardly positioned relative to the pivot axis  1302 . Accordingly, the keycap  1303  is drawn downward, the butterfly mechanism  1301  collapses, and the entire assembly  1300  is reduced in thickness. The movement of the second magnetic structure from the position of  1306   c  to the position of  1306   d  is a movement from a first side (i.e., right side of  1320  in  FIG. 13 ) of a pivot axis  1302  of the arm  1314  to a second, opposite side thereof (i.e., left side of  1320  in  FIG. 14 ). 
     In some cases, such as when the second magnetic structure  1306   c  attracts the inner end  1326  in the position of  FIG. 13 , the second magnetic structure  1306   d  does not significantly magnetically attract the keycap  1303  or arm  1314  when in the position shown in  FIG. 14 . Another biasing force (e.g., gravity or a tension spring (not shown)) can draw the keycap  1303  or butterfly mechanism  1301  into the retracted position. In another case, the second magnetic structure  1306   c  can move from a position under an inner end  1326  of an arm  1314  to a position under a pivot axis (e.g., a position similar to second magnetic structure  1306   e  under axis  1321 ). When under a pivot axis, the second magnetic structure can apply a magnetic attractive force to the arm on both sides of the pivot axis, wherein the forces applied to each side substantially cancel out each other. In other words, the attractive magnetic force applied to the arm on each side of the pivot axis can generate moments on the arm that are substantially equal and opposite so that the arm is not drawn into the position shown in  FIG. 14  by the second magnetic structure. 
     In a third embodiment, a second magnetic structure  1306   e  can be positioned under a pivot axis (e.g., axis  1321 ) and therefore does not apply a significant attractive magnetic force to the arm  1318 . The keycap  1303  and butterfly mechanism  1301  can therefore move relatively uninhibited by the second magnetic structure  1306   e  between the raised position (shown in  FIG. 13 ) and a depressed condition. 
     The key assembly  1300  can be transitioned to a retracted state by repositioning the movable layer  1304  and second magnetic structure  1306   f,  as shown in  FIG. 14 . The position of the second magnetic structure  1306   f  corresponds to position  1306   b,  wherein the butterfly mechanism  1301  is drawn into the collapsed configuration by magnetic attraction between a first magnetic structure of the arm  1318  or keycap  1303  and the second magnetic structure  1306   f . Accordingly, the keycap  1303  is drawn downward, the butterfly mechanism  1301  collapses, and the entire assembly  1300  is reduced in thickness. 
     In a fourth embodiment, a second magnetic structure  1306   e  can be a protrusion on the surface of the movable layer  1304  that may or may not be magnetic. Movement of the movable layer  1304  can reposition the second magnetic structure  1306   g  under the hinge  1322  of the stabilizer  1301 . See  FIG. 14 . This movement can cause the stabilizer  1301  to move into the retracted condition by the second magnetic structure  1306   g  mechanically pushing upward on one or both of the inner ends  1326  and limit how far downward those ends  1326  can move. Removing the structure  1306   g  from being under the inner ends  1326  can allow them to move and can thereby allow the keycap  1303  to return to a raised condition. 
     To the extent applicable to the present technology, gathering and use of data available from various sources can be used to improve the delivery to users of invitational content or any other content that may be of interest to them. The present disclosure contemplates that in some instances, this gathered data may include personal information data that uniquely identifies or can be used to contact or locate a specific person. Such personal information data can include demographic data, location-based data, telephone numbers, email addresses, TWITTER(R) ID&#39;s, home addresses, data or records relating to a user&#39;s health or level of fitness (e.g., vital signs measurements, medication information, exercise information), date of birth, or any other identifying or personal information. 
     The present disclosure recognizes that the use of such personal information data, in the present technology, can be used to the benefit of users. For example, the personal information data can be used to deliver targeted content that is of greater interest to the user. Accordingly, use of such personal information data enables users to calculated control of the delivered content. Further, other uses for personal information data that benefit the user are also contemplated by the present disclosure. For instance, health and fitness data may be used to provide insights into a user&#39;s general wellness, or may be used as positive feedback to individuals using technology to pursue wellness goals. 
     The present disclosure contemplates that the entities responsible for the collection, analysis, disclosure, transfer, storage, or other use of such personal information data will comply with well-established privacy policies and/or privacy practices. In particular, such entities should implement and consistently use privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining personal information data private and secure. Such policies should be easily accessible by users, and should be updated as the collection and/or use of data changes. Personal information from users should be collected for legitimate and reasonable uses of the entity and not shared or sold outside of those legitimate uses. Further, such collection/sharing should occur after receiving the informed consent of the users. Additionally, such entities should consider taking any needed steps for safeguarding and securing access to such personal information data and ensuring that others with access to the personal information data adhere to their privacy policies and procedures. Further, such entities can subject themselves to evaluation by third parties to certify their adherence to widely accepted privacy policies and practices. In addition, policies and practices should be adapted for the particular types of personal information data being collected and/or accessed and adapted to applicable laws and standards, including jurisdiction-specific considerations. For instance, in the US, collection of or access to certain health data may be governed by federal and/or state laws, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA); whereas health data in other countries may be subject to other regulations and policies and should be handled accordingly. Hence different privacy practices should be maintained for different personal data types in each country. 
     Despite the foregoing, the present disclosure also contemplates embodiments in which users selectively block the use of, or access to, personal information data. That is, the present disclosure contemplates that hardware and/or software elements can be provided to prevent or block access to such personal information data. For example, in the case of advertisement delivery services, the present technology can be configured to allow users to select to “opt in” or “opt out” of participation in the collection of personal information data during registration for services or anytime thereafter. In another example, users can select not to provide mood-associated data for targeted content delivery services. In yet another example, users can select to limit the length of time mood-associated data is maintained or entirely prohibit the development of a baseline mood profile. In addition to providing “opt in” and “opt out” options, the present disclosure contemplates providing notifications relating to the access or use of personal information. For instance, a user may be notified upon downloading an app that their personal information data will be accessed and then reminded again just before personal information data is accessed by the app. 
     Moreover, it is the intent of the present disclosure that personal information data should be managed and handled in a way to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use. Risk can be minimized by limiting the collection of data and deleting data once it is no longer needed. In addition, and when applicable, including in certain health related applications, data de-identification can be used to protect a user&#39;s privacy. De-identification may be facilitated, when appropriate, by removing specific identifiers (e.g., date of birth, etc.), controlling the amount or specificity of data stored (e.g., collecting location data a city level rather than at an address level), controlling how data is stored (e.g., aggregating data across users), and/or other methods. 
     Therefore, although the present disclosure broadly covers use of personal information data to implement one or more various disclosed embodiments, the present disclosure also contemplates that the various embodiments can also be implemented without the need for accessing such personal information data. That is, the various embodiments of the present technology are not rendered inoperable due to the lack of all or a portion of such personal information data. For example, content can be selected and delivered to users by inferring preferences based on non-personal information data or a bare minimum amount of personal information, such as the content being requested by the device associated with a user, other non-personal information available to the content delivery services, or publicly available information. 
     The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, used specific nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the specific details are not required in order to practice the described embodiments. Thus, the foregoing descriptions of the specific embodiments described herein are presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not target to be exhaustive or to limit the embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20190808
Publication Date: 20211123
Grant Date: 20211123
Priority Date: 20181221
Inventors: Guy, Ian A.
MILLER, ARI P.
COOPER, EDWARD J.
FARAHANI, HOUTAN R.
ROBINSON, KEVIN M.
BRANDT, RILEY E.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G06F3/0202", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H3/125", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H3/122", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H13/186", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H2231/042", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1666", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1662", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1666", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1664", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/166", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H2223/052", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0208", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1662", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01H13/186", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0208", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1666", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1664", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/166", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 71098400