PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-11330351-B2
Application Number: US-202017020564-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Portable electronic device

Abstract:
A portable electronic device can include a housing defining an aperture and a display positioned in the aperture. The display and the housing can define an internal volume and a speaker assembly can be positioned in the internal volume. The speaker assembly can include a speaker enclosure sealed to the housing within the internal volume, the speaker enclosure and the housing defining a speaker volume, and a speaker module in fluid communication with the speaker volume, the speaker module including a diaphragm positioned at an aperture defined by the speaker volume, the diaphragm defining multiple ridges.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An electronic device, comprising:
 a housing; 
 a processor positioned within the housing; 
 a display positioned at least partially within the housing; 
 a fingerprint sensor, comprising:
 a sensor cover defining an input surface; 
 a conductive frame surrounding the sensor cover; 
 a force sensor configured to output a signal in response to a detection of an amount of a force exerted on the input surface, the conductive frame configured to translate with the sensor cover in response to the force; and 
 a capacitive sensor positioned below the sensor cover and configured to capture a fingerprint image in response to the force sensor outputting the signal; 
 
 a bracket affixed to the housing and supporting the fingerprint sensor in a position relative to the housing; and 
 an operational component comprising an electrical choke disposed on the bracket, the operational component in communication with the processor. 
 
     
     
       2. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the operational component comprises an environmental sensor. 
     
     
       3. The electronic device of  claim 2 , further comprising a transparent cover overlying the display and secured to the housing. 
     
     
       4. The electronic device of  claim 3 , wherein the transparent cover overlies the environmental sensor. 
     
     
       5. The electronic device of  claim 4 , wherein the environmental sensor comprises an ambient light sensor. 
     
     
       6. The electronic device of  claim 5 , wherein a brightness of the display is at least partially determined by an amount of ambient light detected by the ambient light sensor. 
     
     
       7. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the sensor cover has a length that exceeds a width of the sensor cover. 
     
     
       8. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the sensor cover is substantially flush with an exterior surface defined by the housing. 
     
     
       9. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the fingerprint sensor is at least partially recessed within the housing and positioned at a sidewall of the housing. 
     
     
       10. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein:
 at least a portion of the fingerprint sensor is disposed in a resonating volume of an antenna. 
 
     
     
       11. An electronic device, comprising:
 a housing comprising a sidewall, the sidewall defining an aperture; 
 a biometric input component aligned with the aperture, the biometric input component comprising:
 a sensor cover defining an input surface, the sensor cover having a length that exceeds a width of the sensor cover; 
 a conductive frame surrounding the sensor cover; 
 a capacitive sensor positioned below the sensor cover and configured to capture a fingerprint image; and 
 a stiffener comprising a conductive material, the stiffener electrically coupled to the conductive frame to electrically ground the conductive frame to the housing; and 
 
 a bracket affixed to the housing to support the biometric input component, 
 wherein the stiffener electrically grounds the conductive frame to the housing through the bracket. 
 
     
     
       12. The electronic device of  claim 11 , wherein the sensor cover is sealed to the conductive frame along a periphery of the sensor cover. 
     
     
       13. The electronic device of  claim 11 , wherein the conductive frame at least partially surrounds and supports the capacitive sensor. 
     
     
       14. The electronic device of  claim 13 , wherein:
 the capacitive sensor comprises a sensing pixel; and 
 the conductive frame comprises a sidewall positioned adjacent to the sensing pixel. 
 
     
     
       15. The electronic device of  claim 14 , wherein a distance between the sidewall and the sensing pixel is less than about 0.5 mm. 
     
     
       16. The electronic device of  claim 13 , further comprising a processor in communication with the capacitive sensor;
 the processor configured to adjust a value of a signal transmitted from the capacitive sensor to compensate for noise in the signal caused by the conductive frame. 
 
     
     
       17. A biometric sensing component for an electronic device, comprising:
 a sensor cover defining an input surface; 
 a force sensor configured to output a signal in response to a detection of an amount of a force exerted on the input surface; 
 a capacitive sensor positioned below the sensor cover and configured to capture a fingerprint image, the capacitive sensor having a length that exceeds a width of the capacitive sensor; 
 a conductive frame at least partially surrounding a periphery of the capacitive sensor, the conductive frame configured to translate with the sensor cover in response to the force; and 
 a bracket supporting the force sensor and the capacitive sensor, 
 wherein the conductive frame is electrically grounded to a housing of the electronic device through the bracket. 
 
     
     
       18. The biometric sensing component of  claim 17 , further comprising a flexible electrical connector electrically coupled to the force sensor and the capacitive sensor. 
     
     
       19. The biometric sensing component of  claim 18 , wherein:
 the bracket defines a retention feature; and 
 the flexible electrical connector is electrically coupled to a portion of the bracket defining the retention feature.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S) 
     This claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/004,191, filed 2 Apr. 2020, and entitled “PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE,” the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     The described embodiments relate generally to electronic devices. More particularly, the present examples relate to portable electronic device components, systems, and architectures. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Electronic devices are widespread in society and can take a variety of forms, from wristwatches to computers. Electronic devices, including portable electronic devices such as handheld phones, tablet computers, and watches, generally include a type of housing or enclosure to house the internal components. 
     The components of an electronic device, for example, the processors, memory, cooling apparatuses, input components, and other components can partially determine the available functionalities and levels of performance of the electronic device. Further, the arrangement of these components and their related system with respect to one another in the device can also determine the level of performance of the electronic device. 
     Continued advances in electronic devices and their components have enabled considerable increases in performance as well as new uses and functionalities. Existing components and structures for electronic devices can, however, limit the levels of performance of such devices. For example, the conventional arrangement of components in an existing electronic device architecture, as well as the conventional design of the components themselves can limit the performance of an electronic device due to an inability to effectively distribute or remove heat generated by the components of the electronic device. Further, the design of components as well as their arrangement can also impact other properties of the device, such as the overall size of the device, the amount of noise generated by the device, specific functionalities of the device, the cost of manufacturing the device. Consequently, further tailoring and arrangement of components for electronic devices to provide additional or enhanced functionality, without introducing or increasing undesirable device properties, can be desirable. 
     SUMMARY 
     According to some aspects of the present disclosure, an electronic device can include a housing defining an aperture, a display assembly positioned in the aperture, and an antenna, including antenna circuitry, a resonant structure including a sheet of conductive material disposed between the housing and the display assembly, the resonant structure electrically coupled to the antenna circuitry, and a conductive shunt disposed between the resonant structure and the housing. 
     In some examples, the conductive shunt includes a metal. The conductive shunt can include a ferrous metal. The shunt can capacitively couple with the antenna circuitry. The antenna circuitry can include a WI-FI antenna. The antenna circuitry can operate at a frequency of at least one of 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz. The conductive shunt can tune a resonant frequency of the antenna circuitry. 
     According to some examples, an electronic device can include a housing defining an aperture, a display positioned in the aperture, the display and the housing defining an internal volume, and a speaker assembly disposed in the internal volume, the speaker assembly including a speaker enclosure sealed to the housing within the internal volume. The speaker enclosure and the housing can define a speaker volume. A speaker module can be in fluid communication with the speaker volume, the speaker module can include a diaphragm positioned at an aperture defined by the speaker volume, the diaphragm defining multiple ridges. 
     In some examples, the device can further include a compressible material disposed on the speaker enclosure opposite a surface of the speaker enclosure defining the speaker volume. The compressible material can include a foam. The compressible material can at least partially surround the aperture defined by the speaker volume. The compressible material can contact a surface of the display that at least partially defines the internal volume. The compressible material can include a first portion positioned adjacent to a first side of the aperture and a second portion separate from the first portion and positioned adjacent to a second side of the aperture. The diaphragm can have a length and a width, the multiple ridges spaced apart along the length. The diaphragm can define between 5 and 15 ridges. 
     According to some examples, an audio component can include a speaker enclosure at least partially defining a speaker volume and an aperture, a speaker module in fluid communication with the speaker volume and positioned at the aperture, and a passive radiator disposed in the speaker volume and defining an opening. A portion of the speaker enclosure can extend through the opening to affix the passive radiator to the speaker enclosure. 
     In some examples, the passive radiator includes a plate defining perforations. The plate can include a metal. The speaker enclosure can include a polymer material. The portion of the speaker enclosure extending through the opening can be deformed after passing therethrough to define a structure that secures the passive radiator to the enclosure. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The disclosure will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like structural elements, and in which: 
         FIG. 1A  shows a front view of an electronic device. 
         FIG. 1B  shows a top view of the electronic device of  FIG. 1A . 
         FIG. 1C  shows cross-sectional view of the electronic device of  FIG. 1A . 
         FIG. 2  shows an exploded view of an electronic device. 
         FIG. 3A  shows a close-up view of a region of the electronic device of  FIG. 2 . 
         FIG. 3B  shows a close-up perspective view of a region of the electronic device of  FIG. 1A . 
         FIG. 3C  shows a close-up top view of the region of  FIG. 3B . 
         FIG. 4A  shows a top close-up view of a region of an electronic device. 
         FIG. 4B  shows a perspective close-up view of a region of an electronic device. 
         FIG. 5A  shows a cross-sectional view of a portion of an electronic device. 
         FIG. 5B  shows a cross-sectional view of a portion of an electronic device. 
         FIG. 6A  shows a close-up view of a region of an electronic device. 
         FIG. 6B  shows a close-up view of a region of an electronic device. 
         FIG. 7A  shows a cross-sectional view of a portion of an electronic device. 
         FIG. 7B  shows a cross-sectional view of a portion of an electronic device. 
         FIG. 8  shows a cross-sectional side view of a speaker enclosure. 
         FIG. 9A  shows an enlarged front view of an electronic device. 
         FIG. 9B  shows a cross-sectional side view of the electronic device of  FIG. 9A . 
         FIG. 9C  shows an exploded perspective view of a speaker assembly. 
         FIG. 9D  shows a top view of a speaker assembly of the electronic device of  FIG. 9A . 
         FIG. 9E  shows a top view of a speaker assembly of the electronic device of  FIG. 9A . 
         FIG. 10A  shows an enlarged front view of an electronic device. 
         FIG. 10B  shows a cross-sectional side view of the electronic device of  FIG. 10A . 
         FIG. 11A  shows an exploded perspective view of a speaker assembly. 
         FIG. 11B  shows a top view of a speaker assembly of the electronic device of  FIG. 10A . 
         FIG. 12A  shows a top view of a portion of a speaker assembly. 
         FIG. 12B  shows a cross-sectional side view of the speaker assembly of  FIG. 12A . 
         FIG. 12C  shows a cross-sectional side view of the speaker assembly of  FIG. 12A . 
         FIG. 13A  shows a front view of a component of a speaker assembly. 
         FIG. 13B  shows an exploded view of the component of  FIG. 13A . 
         FIG. 14A  shows an enlarged partial front view of an electronic device. 
         FIG. 14B  shows an enlarged partial front view of the electronic device of  FIG. 14A . 
         FIG. 15A  shows a close-up view of components of a region of an electronic device. 
         FIG. 15B  shows a cross-sectional side view of the region of the electronic device of  FIG. 15A . 
         FIG. 15C  shows a top view of components of the region of  FIG. 15A . 
         FIG. 15D  shows a top view of components of the region of  FIG. 15A . 
         FIG. 15E  shows a top view of components of the region of  FIG. 15A . 
         FIG. 16  shows a close-up view of a component of a region of an electronic device. 
         FIG. 17  shows a close-up view of a portion of an electronic device. 
         FIG. 18A  shows a fingerprint image. 
         FIG. 18B  shows a close-up view of a user&#39;s appendage in contact with an electronic device. 
         FIG. 18C  shows a plot of capacitance versus distance for a sensor of an electronic device. 
         FIG. 19A  shows a cross-sectional view of an electronic device. 
         FIG. 19B  shows an exploded view of a component of an electronic device. 
         FIG. 19C  shows a close-up view of a region of an electronic device. 
         FIG. 20  shows a close-up view of a region of an electronic device. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The present description provides examples, and is not limiting of the scope, applicability, or configuration set forth in the claims. Thus, it will be understood that changes can be made in the function and arrangement of elements discussed without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure, and various embodiments can omit, substitute, or add other procedures or components, as appropriate. For instance, methods described can be performed in an order different from that described, and various steps can be added, omitted, or combined. Also, features described with respect to some embodiments can be combined in other embodiments. 
     According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a portable electronic device can include a housing at least partially defining an internal volume. A display can be coupled to the housing and can be overlaid by a cover that, together with the housing, can define the internal volume of the device. The device can include a number of components that can provide desired functionalities and levels of performance. For example, the device can include multiple speaker assemblies, each of which can include a back volume that is defined by a speaker enclosure including a five-sided box that is sealed to the enclosure. The speaker back volume can be ported into the internal volume of the device, rather than directly to the ambient environment, to provide for a surround sound type experience. Additionally, the speaker back volume can also function as an antenna volume to provide enhanced antenna performance for wirelessly connecting the device to one or more other devices or components. In some examples, the device can further include a biometric component to authenticate a user. The biometric component can be incorporated into an existing input component, such as a button. 
     The architecture and components of the electronic devices, including portable electronic devices, described herein can allow for configurations of an electronic device that can maximize performance as well as provide a number of desired functionalities. In traditional electronic device configurations, such as with traditionally designed portable devices individual components may only have one function and may not be able to share space in the internal volume of the device with other components. Additionally, component performance can be compromised in traditional device configurations because singularly functional components may need to be formed into undesirable configurations to allow for their inclusion in the device. In contrast, and as described herein, multi-functional components as well as the position of one or more components with respect to other components of the device, as well as the device itself, can allow for a desired level of performance and a desired user experience. 
     These and other examples are discussed below with reference to  FIGS. 1A-20 . However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the detailed description given herein with respect to these Figures is for explanatory purposes only, and should not be construed as limiting. 
       FIG. 1A  depicts an electronic device  100 , such as a tablet computing device. The tablet computer of  FIG. 1A  is merely one representative example of a device that can be used in conjunction with the systems and methods disclosed herein. Electronic device  100  can correspond to any form of portable electronic device, a portable media player, a media storage device, a portable digital assistant (“PDA”), a tablet computer, a computer, a mobile communication device, a GPS unit, a remote control device, or other electronic device. The electronic device  100  can be referred to as an electronic device, a consumer device, or simply as a device. 
     The electronic device  100  includes a housing  102  at least partially surrounding a display  104 . The housing  102  can at least partially define an internal volume that can enclose, or partially enclose, the display and other internal components of the electronic device  100 . The housing  102  can be formed of one or more components operably connected together, such as a front piece and a back piece. Alternatively, the housing  102  can be formed of a single piece operably connected to the display  104 . 
     The display  104  can provide a visual output to the user. The display  104  can include any suitable display technology, including, but not limited to, a liquid crystal display element, a light emitting diode element, an organic light-emitting display element, an organic electroluminescence element, and the like. 
     A cover sheet  108  can be positioned over the front surface (or a portion of the front surface) of the electronic device  100 . In some examples, at least a portion of the cover sheet  108  can sense touch and/or force inputs. The cover sheet  108  can be formed with any suitable material, such as glass, plastic, sapphire, or combinations thereof. In some examples, touch and force inputs can be received by the portion of the cover sheet  108  that covers the display  104 . In some examples, touch and/or force inputs can be received across other portions of the cover sheet  108  and/or portions of the housing  102 . Together, the cover sheet  108  and the housing  102  can define the internal volume of the electronic device  100 . 
     Various layers of a display stack (such as the cover sheet  108 , display  104 , touch sensor layer, force sensor layer, and so on) can be adhered together with an adhesive and/or can be supported by a common frame or portion of the housing  102 . A common frame can extend around a perimeter, or a portion of the perimeter, of the layers, can be segmented around the perimeter or a portion of the perimeter, or can be coupled to the various layers of the display stack in another manner. 
     In some examples, each of the layers of the display stack can be attached or deposited onto separate substrates that can be laminated or bonded to each other. The display stack can also include other layers for improving the structural or optical performance of the display  104 , including, for example, polarizer sheets, color masks, and the like. Additionally, the display stack can include a touch and/or force sensor layer for receiving inputs on the cover sheet  108  of the electronic device  100 . 
     In many cases, the electronic device  100  can also include a processor, memory, power supply and/or battery, network connections, sensors, input/output ports, acoustic components, haptic components, digital and/or analog circuits for performing and/or coordinating tasks of the electronic device  100 , as described herein. For simplicity of illustration, the electronic device  100  is depicted in  FIGS. 1A and 1B  without many of these components, each of which can be included, partially and/or entirely, within the housing  102 . The electronic device  100  can further include one or more input components, such as an input component  106 . In some examples, the input component  106  can include a button, such as a power or sleep/wake button. In some examples, the input component  106  can have additional functionalities and can, for example, include a biometric input component  106 , as described herein. 
       FIG. 1B  depicts a top view of the electronic device of  FIG. 1A . The electronic device  100  can include a biometric input component  106 , which can be partially or entirely recessed within the housing  102 . The electronic device  100  can include several openings defined by the housing  102 . For example, the electronic device  100  can include openings  103  that allow one or more audio module disposed in the internal volume of the electronic device  100  to emit acoustical energy out of the electronic device  100 . The housing  102  can further define other openings or apertures that can allow for components of the electronic device  100  to communicate with or receive information from the ambient environment. For example, the housing  102  can define an aperture that can receive a camera or imaging module  109 . 
       FIG. 1C  shows a cross-sectional view of the electronic device  100  taken along the line indicated in FIG. As can be seen,  FIG. 1C  illustrates the housing  102  of the electronic device  100  and various internal components that are at least partially disposed in the internal volume defined by the housing  102 . In addition to components such as a processor, memory, power supply and/or battery, the electronic device  100  can include components that can provide desired levels of performance and functionality to the electronic device  100 . In some examples, the electronic device  100  can include a first speaker assembly  110 A and a second speaker assembly  110 B, as described further herein. The device  100  can also include one or more wireless antennas, for example to wirelessly transmit information between the device  100  and one or more other devices. In some examples, the device can include at least a first antenna assembly  112 , a second antenna assembly  120 , and a third antenna assembly  121 . The electronic device  100  can also include one or more input components, such as an input component  106  that can also function as a biometric component as described herein. 
     In some examples, the antenna assemblies can include one or more electrical grounding features or components as described further herein. For example, the second antenna assembly  120  can feature or components that can ground at least a portion of the second antenna assembly  120  to the housing  102 . These components and features are described with respect to  FIGS. 5A and 5B , below. In some examples, the second antenna assembly  120  can also include one or more features, such as a spring finger  123  that can provide electrical coupling, for example to provide grounding, to one or more other components of the device  100 . In some examples, the second antenna assembly  120  can include a spring finger  123  that can electrically couple with a display assembly that can overlay the second antenna assembly  120  as described herein. In some examples, the spring finger  123  can make electrical contact with a surface of the display assembly, such as a surface of the display assembly that at least partially defines the internal volume of the device  100 . In some examples, the spring finger  123  can be soldered to the second antenna assembly  120 , connected through surface mount technology (SMT), or coupled with any other technique as desired. 
     In some examples, the third antenna assembly  121  can include some or all of the electrical grounding features or components of any of the antenna assemblies described herein, including the second antenna assembly  120 . In some examples, the third antenna assembly  121  can include a spring finger  125  that can provide electrical coupling, for example to provide grounding, to one or more other components of the device  100 . In some examples, the second antenna assembly  120  can include a spring finger  123  that can electrically couple with a display assembly that can overlay the second antenna assembly  120  as described herein. In some examples, the spring finger  123  can make electrical contact with a surface of the display assembly, such as a surface of the display assembly that at least partially defines the internal volume of the device  100 . In some examples, the third antenna assembly  121  can include one or more features, such as grounding plates or tabs, that can be electrically coupled with the housing  102 , for example as described with respect to  FIG. 4B . 
     Any number or variety of components in any of the configurations described herein can be included in the electronic device. The components can include any combination of the features described herein and can be arranged in any of the various configurations described herein. The structure and arrangement of components of an electronic device having a housing with structures described herein, and defining an internal volume, as well as the concepts regarding engagement and retention features, can apply not only to the specific examples discussed herein, but to any number of embodiments in any combination. Various examples of electronic devices including components, such as wireless antennae, having various features in various arrangements are described below, with reference to  FIGS. 2-7B . 
     Modern electronic devices, such as, smart phones, tablet computers, and so on, often incorporate wireless communication hardware (e.g., antenna and related circuitry). Traditionally, a housing of the electronic device was at least partially constructed out of materials that act as transparent to radio frequency (RF) signals. These RF transparent portions can be referred to as RF windows or RF openings. These materials are often less rigid than other RF non-transparent materials and are therefore susceptible to break or crack if the electronic device is accidently dropped. Moreover, an electronic device having a housing made of a plastic or other RF transparent material can be cosmetically unappealing to consumers. Nonetheless, consumers desire electronic devices having housing which are cosmetically appealing and more durable than can be provided with housing that include RF windows. One aspect of the present disclosure relates to housing segments coupled with antenna circuitry to function as an antenna. Non-limiting examples of housings configured to function as antennas are described U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020/0073445, published Mar. 5, 2020, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
       FIG. 2  shows an electronic device  200 , according to an example. The electronic device  200  includes a cover  204 , a display  206 , and a housing  208 . The cover  204  can be at least partially transparent and define an input surface of the electronic device  200  by including touch and/or force sensors. The display  206  can be at least partially covered by the cover  204  and define an output region in which graphical outputs are presented to the user via liquid-crystal display (LCD), organic light emitting diode display (OLED), or any other suitable components or display technology. The cover  204  and display  206  can be positioned within the housing  208 . 
     The housing  208  can include molded elements  210  positioned in within gaps, spaces, slots or other areas between portions of housing segments  212 . The housing segments  212  can define portions of exterior surface of the electronic device  200 , such as a portion of a sidewall and a back wall of the housing  208 . The housing segment  212  can include a conductive material, such as a metal (e.g., aluminum, steel, stainless steel, titanium, amorphous alloy, magnesium, or other metal or alloy), carbon fiber, or the like. The molded elements  210  can be formed from or include a substantially non-conductive material or electrically insulating material. Thus, the housing segment  212  between molded elements  210  can act as an antenna for the electronic device  200 . Further details of the housing are provided below with reference to  FIG. 3A-3C . 
       FIG. 3A  shows a partial view of the housing  208 , according to an example. The housing  208  of  FIG. 3A  shows the molded element  210  extending along a length of the housing segment  212 . The housing segment  212  can be electrically coupled to antenna circuitry (not shown) to form an antenna. For example, the antenna circuitry can be connected to the housing segment  212  at a first connection point  214  and a second connection point  216 . In some cases, the first connection point  214  is coupled to an electrical ground, and the second connection point  216  is coupled to an antenna feed (e.g., a source of an electromagnetic signal that transmits wireless signals to the housing segment  212  and/or a circuit that receives and/or analyzes an electromagnetic signal received by the housing segment  212 ). A conductive path  218  can be defined between the connection points  214 ,  216 , corresponding to the conductive path corresponding to an electromagnetic component of a transmitted or received wireless communication signal.  FIG. 3B  shows a close-up perspective view of a region the electronic device of  FIG. 1A . 
       FIG. 3B  shows a partial view of the housing  208 , according to another example. The housing  208  of  FIG. 3B  shows the molded element  210  extending along a length of a first housing segment  212  and a second housing segment  213 . The housing segments  212 ,  213  can be separate and electrically isolated from one another. In some examples, the molded element  210  can join the first and second housing segments  212 ,  213  to one another while maintaining the electrical isolation of the housing segments  212 ,  213 . One or both of the housing segments  212 ,  213  can be connected to antenna circuitry, as described herein. Additionally, the molded element  210  can interlock with recesses, pores, protrusions, and/or other features of the housing segments  212 ,  213  to mechanically join the housing segments  212 ,  213  to one another. 
     In some examples, the electrically isolated structure of the housing segments  212 ,  213  can allow for antennas that are electrically coupled to those segments  212 ,  213  to operate in a wider range of bands as compared to antennas that are connected to a single piece housing structure. In some examples, one or more electrical components can be used to electrically couple the first housing segment  212  to the second housing segment  213  at one or more desired locations. In some examples, the electrical component or components can have substantially any combination of resistances, capacitances, and/or inductances, as desired, and as may be selected to optimize antenna performance and/or bandwidth. In some examples, an electrical component or components electrically connecting the first housing segment  212  to the second housing segment  213  can function as an electrical short at low bands while functioning as an electrical open at high bands, thereby allowing for low and high band antennas to be coupled to the same housing segment or segments  212 ,  213  while still having different antenna path lengths and/or different resonant frequencies, as desired. In some examples, an electrical component or components electrically connecting the first housing segment  212  to the second housing segment  213  can have first resistance, capacitance, and/or inductance values for a first range of bands, and can have second, different resistance, capacitance, and/or inductance values for a second, different range of bands. 
     In some examples, and as shown in  FIG. 3B , one or more areas or portions of the housing segments  212 ,  213  near or adjacent to the molded segment  210  can be recessed or indented with respect to other portions of the housing segments  212 ,  213 .  FIG. 3C  illustrates the same region of the housing  208  shown in  FIG. 3B , including a structural component  215  coupled to the first housing segment  212  and the second housing segment  213 . In some examples, the structural component  215  can be sized and shaped to correspond to the indented or recessed portions of the first and second housing segments  212 ,  213 . In some examples, the structural component  215  can include an electrically insulating material, such as a polymer material, a ceramic material, and/or a polymer and ceramic composite material. In this way, the structural component  215  can mechanically join, retain, or assist in retaining the first housing segment  212  to the second housing segment  213  without electrically coupling the housing segments  212 ,  213  with one another through the structural component  215 . In some examples, the structural component  215  can be coupled to the housing segments  212 ,  213  by any desired technique, including fasteners, screws, adhesives, or combinations thereof. Although illustrated with respect to a single corner or portion of the housing  208 , in some examples, any number and location of regions of the housing  208  can include electrically isolated segments that can be joined by a molded segment  210  and/or a structural element  215 . Additional details of the electronic device are provided below with reference to  FIGS. 4A-4B . 
       FIG. 4A  shows a close-up view of the upper right region of an electronic device that can be substantially similar to, and can include some or all of the features of the electronic device shown in  FIG. 1C . The device can include grounding plates  220  and  221  that can be electrically coupled to one or more electronic components and the housing  212  of the electronic device. As shown, the grounding plates  220 ,  221  can also be coupled to the housing segment  212  at one or more tabs  222 . 
       FIG. 4B  shows a close-up perspective view of a grounding plate  220 , including the first connection point (similar to the first connection point  214  from  FIG. 3A  coupled to a ground). In  FIG. 4B , the first connection point is represented as a grounding plate  220  having first and second tabs  222 ,  224  which interface with the housing segment  212  to ground the housing segment  212 . The first tab  222  of the grounding plate  220  can extend perpendicular or substantially perpendicular from the grounding plate  220 . The first tab  222  can interface or otherwise couple to an insert  226  positioned at least partially within a recess  228  formed by the housing segment  212 . The insert  226  can be affixed to the housing segment  212  for example, by laser welding or another coupling process which provides a sufficient electrical conductance between the housing segment  212  and the insert  226 . 
     The insert  226  can include a conductive material, such as a metal (e.g., aluminum, steel, stainless steel, titanium, amorphous alloy, magnesium, or other metal or alloy) or otherwise have a metallic plating affixed to an outer surface of the insert  226 . The insert  226  can be received within the recess  228  of the housing segment  212  such that the insert  226  is flush with the housing segment  212  (i.e., the insert  226  does not protrude from the housing segment  212 ). For example, the insert  226  can include a planar top surface that defines overhangs or flanges that contact the recess  228  within the housing segment  212 . The insert  226  can also include a threaded aperture  230  to receive a fastener (see  FIG. 5A , a sectional view at the location indicated in  FIG. 1C ). 
     In some examples, the use of an insert  226  to allow a grounding plate  220  to electrically connect to a component or part of the device, such as the housing segment  212 , can allow for the grounding location to be selected independent of other structural features or considerations of the housing segment  212 . Accordingly, the length of the path to ground can be highly controlled, as desired, and can be chosen to optimize efficiency and/or performance of one or more components, such as antennas. In some examples, the location, and/or design of one or more grounding components, such as the insert  226 , can allow for the position of components to be selected to provide more robust contact with other components, such as a display module that can overlie the insert  226 . 
     The second tab  224  can extend from the grounding plate  220  at an angle of between about 30 degrees and about 60 degrees, such as about 45 degrees, and can couple directly to the housing segment  212  (i.e., couple to the housing segment  212  without utilizing an insert  226 ). As shown in  FIGS. 5A and 5B , the first and second tabs  222 ,  224  can be coupled to the housing  208 , for example, by fasteners  232 . In some examples, each fastener  232  can be extended through respective apertures  234 ,  236  within the first and second tabs  222 ,  224  to retain the first and second tabs  222 ,  224  to the housing segment  212 . As described herein, the insert  226  can define a threaded aperture  230  to receive and retain the fastener  232 . Thus, the first tab  222  can be retained to the insert  226  between the insert  226  and a head of the fastener  232 . The housing segment  212  can define a threaded angled aperture  238  to receive and retain the fastener  232  extended through the second tab  224 . For example, the threaded angled aperture  238  can be machined along a longitudinal axis that is perpendicular to the second tab  224 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 5B , a sectional view at the location indicated in  FIG. 1C , the threaded angled aperture  238  occupies a significant portion of the housing segment  212 . As such, additional features, such as, channels, through-holes, slots, and so cannot extend along the housing segment  212  where the second tab  224  is affixed. The insert  226 , however, provides a coupling mechanism which does not occupy a significant portion of the housing segment  212 . As shown in  FIG. 5A , the insert  226  allows apertures, channels, slots, and so on to be formed within the housing segment  212  wherein the first tab  222  is affixed. For example, an aperture  240  for an audio output apparatus (e.g., a speaker, see speaker cover  242 ) can be formed within the housing segment  212 . Moreover, coupling the housing segment  212  to the first tab  222  using the insert  226  requires less space within the housing  212  because the first tab  222  extends perpendicular to the grounding plate  220  and therefore is positioned closer to the housing segment  212  than the non-perpendicular second tab  224 . Thus, the first tab  222  occupies less space within the housing  208  and therefore provides additional space within the housing  208  for other components of the electronic device  200 . As space within the housing  208  is finite, freeing up additional space via the first tab  222  and insert  226  provides significant design and performance advantages. 
       FIG. 6A  shows an example of the second connection point (coupled to an antenna feed  218 ). The second connection point can include an insert  226  that is electrically and/or mechanically coupled to the housing segment  212 . In some examples, the insert  226  can be affixed to the housing segment  212  via laser welding or another process that provides electrical conductivity between the insert  226  and the housing segment  212 . In some examples, one or more parts or portions of the antenna feed  218  can then be electrically coupled to the housing segment  212  and/or other components of the device in order to provide electrical grounding and to allow these features to act as radiating bodies for the antenna. For example, the antenna feed  218  can include a ground portion or ground braid  217 , a non-conductive coating  216 , and a conductive core  215 . The non-conductive coating  216  can provide electrical insulation between the ground portion  217  and the conductive core  215 , for example to electrical isolate these portions from one another. In some examples, the ground portion  217  can be electrically coupled to the housing  212  at a first location or portion that can be electrically isolated from a second location or portion to which the conductive core  215  is electrically coupled. In some examples, this configuration can allow for one or both of these portions of the housing segments, as well as an components in electrical communication therewith, to act as radiating parts of an antenna. 
     As can be seen, the component  304  can include a first portion or bracket  306  that can be in electrical communication with both the ground braid  217  and a portion of the housing  212 . For example, the first bracket  306  can define one or more apertures, and a fastener  314  can extend through the aperture to electrically and mechanically couple the first bracket  305  to the housing  212 . A second portion or bracket  308  can be in electrical communication with the first bracket  306  and can be electrically and mechanically coupled thereto. For example, the second bracket  308  can define one or more apertures that are aligned with one or more apertures defined by the first bracket  306 . Fasteners, such as fastener  312  can extend through the apertures defined by the first and second brackets  306 ,  308  can and can be received by the housing  212  to electrically and/or mechanically couple the brackets thereto. 
     In some examples, one or more surfaces of the second bracket  308  can include a non-conductive and/or insulating coating  310  to prevent undesirable electrical contact between the second bracket  308  and other components of the device. In some examples, the second bracket  308  can also electrically couple with one or more components of the devices as desired in order to electrically couple the ground braid  217  with those components. For example, an electronic device can include a display assembly that can overlay the second bracket  308  as described herein. The second bracket  308  can this be electrically coupled to, or in contact with, a surface of the display assembly (not shown). In some examples, the second bracket  308  can electrically contact a surface of the display assembly that at least partially defines an internal volume of the device. In this way, some or all of the display assembly can act as a radiating element for an antenna including the antenna feed  218 . 
     In some examples, the conductive core  215  can be electrically coupled to another portion of the housing  212  as described herein, for example, through an insert  226 . In some examples, a component or tab  302  can be electrically and/or mechanically coupled to the insert  226  and the conductive core  215 . In some examples, the tab  302  can define an aperture and can be coupled to the insert  226  with a fastener, such as a screw  232 , that passes through the aperture and is retained by the insert  226 . The tab  302  can also include a crimped portion  303  that can mechanically retain the non-conductive coating  216  and the conductive core  215  in a desired position with respect to the tab  302 . In some examples, the conductive core  215  can be electrically coupled to the tab  302  and can be soldered, welded, brazed, or otherwise mechanically coupled to the tab  302 . By electrically coupling the conductive core  215  to the insert  226 , the portion of the housing  212  that is electrically coupled to the insert  226  can act as a radiating element for an antenna including the antenna feed  218 . 
     In some examples, one or more portions of the component  304  can include conductive material (e.g., aluminum, steel, stainless steel, titanium, amorphous alloy, magnesium, or other metal or alloy) or otherwise have a metallic plating affixed to an outer surface thereof. For example, the component  304  can include stainless steel having a conductive plating of nickel and/or gold thereon. The component  304  can be affixed at any location within the housing  212  to support a wire, feed, conductive path, or other component of the electronic device  200 . 
       FIG. 6B  shows an example of a connection point similar to the connection point illustrated in  FIG. 6A  and coupled to an antenna feed  218 . The connection point illustrated in  FIG. 6B  can be substantially similar to and can include some or all of the features of the connection point illustrated in  FIG. 6A . For example, the connection point can include an antenna feed  218 , a first bracket  306 , and a second bracket  308  that can be similar to the antenna feed  218 , a first bracket  306 , and a second bracket  308  described with respect to  FIG. 6A . In some examples, the connection point can include an integrated insert  316 . In some examples, the integrated insert  316  can be affixed to the housing segment  212  via laser welding or another process that provides electrical conductivity between the insert  316  and the housing segment  212 . By directly connecting the conductive path  218  to the insert  316  without a flexible connector, controller, or other component disposed therebetween, signal losses between the conductive path  218  and insert  316  can be significantly reduced, thereby enhancing antenna performance in addition to saving space within the electronic device. In some examples, the conductive core  215  and insulating layer  216  can be retained in a position relative to the insert  316  by a crimped portion  303 . In some examples, the conductive core  215  can be electrically coupled to a conductive contact portion  305  of the insert  316 . In some examples, the conductive core  215  can be soldered, welded, or otherwise electrically coupled to the insert  316 . By directly connecting the conductive path  218  to the insert  316  without a flexible connector, controller, or other component disposed therebetween, signal losses between the conductive path  218  and insert  316  can be significantly reduced, thereby enhancing antenna performance in addition to saving space within the electronic device. 
     The functionality of modern electronic devices, such as, smart phones, tablets, etc. is increasingly expanding to include high performance speakers, cameras, wireless communication hardware, and so on. As such, space within the housing of a modern electronic device quickly consumed by the many components providing functionality. Some components can require a particular position within the electronic device to adequately perform. For example, the placement of speakers within the housing can impact the quality of the audio emitted from the device. Antennas also require particular placement within the enclosure to sufficiently transmit and receive wireless signals. In some cases, an antenna volume required to satisfactorily operate the antenna can impede the placement of a speaker at an optimal position relative to the user. One aspect of the present disclosure incorporates a grounding layer, such as copper tape, over at least a portion of an audio output apparatus (e.g., a speaker) to ground the audio output apparatus to the antenna volume. Thus, a speaker can be at least partially incorporated within the antenna volume. 
       FIG. 7A  shows a partial section view of the second antenna volume  406 , for example at the location indicated in  FIG. 1C . As shown in  FIG. 7A , a radiating component  410  occupies a substantial portion of the second antenna volume  406 . The radiating component  406  can be coupled to the housing  402  and antenna circuitry (not shown).  FIG. 7B  shows a partial section view of the first antenna volume  404  having the audio output apparatus  408  positioned between portions of the radiating component  412 . To at least partially overcome this issues inherent in placing the audio output apparatus  408  within the first antenna volume  404 , at least a portion of the audio output apparatus  408  can be electrically grounded to the radiating component  412 . For example, a coupling layer  414  can be applied over the radiating portions  412  and at least a portion of the audio output apparatus  408 . In some examples, the coupling layer  414  can be a copper tape or other conductive material which electrically grounds a portion of the audio output apparatus  408  to the radiating components  412 . The coupling layer  414  can be applied such that a periphery of the audio output component  408  is covered by the coupling layer  414 . 
       FIG. 7B  shows a partial section view of the first antenna volume  404 , for example at the location indicated in  FIG. 1C , having at least a portion of the audio output apparatus  408  coupled to the radiating component  412  via the coupling layer  414 . More specifically, an audio output enclosure  416  supporting the audio output apparatus  408  is electrically coupled to the radiating components  412  via the coupling layer  414 . Thus, a portion of the audio output apparatus  408  can also be used as effective antenna volume within the first antenna volume  404 . 
       FIGS. 7A and 7B  show an electronic device including a housing  402  a first antenna volume  404  and a second antenna volume  406  according to an example. The first antenna volume  404  can include an audio output apparatus (speaker)  408  positioned within the first antenna volume  404 . In this particular example, the second antenna volume  406  does not include a speaker positioned therein. An antenna volume is an actual volume within the housing  402  of the electronic device  400  that is occupied by a radiating component of the antenna. The size or volume of the antenna volume directly impacts the functionality or performance of the antenna. Thus, a component such as a speaker within the antenna volume can impact the performance and/or functionality of the antenna. 
     Any number or variety of components in any of the configurations described herein can be included in the electronic device. The components can include any combination of the features described herein and can be arranged in any of the various configurations described herein. The structure and arrangement of components of an electronic device having a housing with structures described herein, and defining an internal volume, as well as the concepts regarding engagement and retention features, can apply not only to the specific examples discussed herein, but to any number of examples in any combination. Various examples of electronic devices including components, such as speaker assemblies, having various features in various arrangements are described below, with reference to  FIGS. 8-12 . 
       FIG. 8  illustrates a cross-sectional side view of a speaker enclosure  524  coupled with a surface of a housing  504 . The speaker enclosure  524  can be substantially similar to, and can include some or all of the features of the speaker enclosures described herein. The speaker enclosure  524  can be plastic. In some examples, a speaker module (not shown in  FIG. 8 ) is positioned in the volume  526  defined by the speaker enclosure  524  to form a speaker assembly  510 . The volume  526  can serve as the back volume for the speaker assembly  510 . In some examples, the speaker enclosure  524  can be a five-sided box having an open side or large aperture. An adhesion element, film, layer, or material  556 , such as a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) can be configured to adhere the speaker enclosure  524  to the housing  504 . The adhesion element  556  can also be configured to form a seal between the speaker enclosure  524  and the housing  504 . 
     In some examples, a thin sheet of a textile or similar woven structure, a rubber sheet (or a sheet of any other polymeric material), or combinations thereof can be configured to cover or occlude the open end of the five-sided box  524 . The speaker enclosure  524  can be secured to the interior surface  552  of the housing  504  such that the sealing film  556  is positioned between the speaker enclosure  524  and the housing  504 . In some examples, a film can be secured over the aperture of the speaker enclosure  524  prior to securing the speaker enclosure  524  to the housing  504 . In this manner, the manufacturing process of the electronic device can be improved by ensuring a proper sealed volume in the speaker enclosure  524  prior to securing the speaker enclosure  524  to the housing  104 . Further details of speaker assemblies are discussed below with reference to  FIGS. 9A-9E . 
       FIG. 9A  illustrates an enlarged front view of the electronic device  100  and  FIG. 9B  illustrates a cross-sectional side view of the electronic device  100  taken from cross-section  9 B- 9 B as shown in  FIG. 9A . Further,  FIG. 9C  illustrates an exploded perspective view of a speaker assembly  610 A. 
     With reference to  FIGS. 9A-9E , a speaker assembly  610 A can be positioned in the upper region or “forehead” of the electronic device  100 . The speaker assembly  610 A can include a speaker enclosure  624 . The speaker enclosure  624  can be substantially similar to, and can include some or all of the features of the speaker enclosures described herein. In some examples, the speaker enclosure  624  can be affixed to an interior surface of the housing  104 . The speaker enclosure  624  can include a variable amount of sides or regions. In other words, a speaker volume which houses the speaker components and forms a back volume can be defined not only by the speaker enclosure  624 , but also by one or more walls or regions of the housing  104 , for instance a back wall of the housing  104  (i.e., opposite the display). 
     As best illustrated in  FIGS. 9B and 9C , the speaker assembly  610 A can include a moving mass  614  such as a diaphragm, a driver frame  618 , a magnet assembly  622 , a speaker enclosure  624 , wiring  638 , acoustic dampening and/or directing foams  630 , an adhesion element  642 , such as sealing PSA, and adhesive  646  for the driver. The foams  630  can be positioned and optimized to direct acoustic energy along a desired path. In some examples, the foams  630  are positioned to direct acoustic energy into the system, for instance, toward a center of the electronic device. By strategically placing the foams  630 , the stereo quality of the speaker assembly  610 A can be improved. In some examples, the foams  630  can touch up on the top of the module. 
     In some examples, the speaker enclosure  624 , in combination with the moving mass or diaphragm  614 , can form a five-sided box having an open side that defines an aperture. As can be seen in  FIG. 9C , the speaker enclosure  624  can define an opening in which the diaphragm  614  resides. As used herein, the term “five-sided box” refers to any generally three-dimensional enclosure, such as a cuboid shaped enclosure, that partially defines a volume but that includes an aperture so as to not fully enclose the volume. The five-sided speaker enclosure  624  can have any shape and is not limited to a square or rectangular shape. The speaker enclosure  624  can then be secured on a back interior surface of the housing  104  using PSA  642 , such that the interior surface covers or occludes the open side of the speaker enclosure  624  to form an enclosed speaker volume. An advantage of utilizing a five-sided box is that the height of the speaker enclosure is reduced seeing as the wall of the housing  104  is acting as a side of the speaker enclosure. It can be desirable to increase the back volume of a speaker assembly to achieve desired levels of performance, while reducing the amount of space within the internal volume of an electronic device occupied by a speaker assembly. This can be accomplished by utilizing a five-sided speaker enclosure. 
       FIG. 9D  shows a top view of a speaker assembly  610 A shown in  FIG. 9A  including compressible material, in the form of compressible portions or members  631  positioned on top of the speaker enclosure  624  of the speaker assembly  610 A. Although the speaker assembly  610 A can have any location within an electronic device as described herein, in some examples and as shown in  FIG. 9D , the speaker assembly  610 A can be positioned near or adjacent to an edge or edges of the device. In some examples, it can be desirable to direct sound produced by the speaker assembly  610 A in one or more directions, such as towards an edge of the device, where a port or opening may be present to allow sound to emanate from the device. In the example shown in  FIG. 9D , it can be desirable to direct sound produced by the moving diaphragm  614  toward the edge of the device positioned at the top of the page. As such, the compressible portion  631  can be positioned on a top surface the enclosure  624  to direct sound and/or audio signals produced by the speaker assembly  610 A in one or more desired directions. In some examples, the compressible portions  631  can include any desired compressible and/or resilient material, such as a foam, including a polymer foam. In some examples, the compressible portions  631  can include one or more separate portions, or a single continuous portion. In some examples, the compressible portions  631  can at least partially surround an aperture in which a speaker module including a diaphragm can be disposed. In some examples, the compressible portions  631  can surround at least one, at least two, or at least three sides of the aperture. 
       FIG. 9E  shows a top view of a speaker assembly  610 A shown in  FIG. 9A , including the foam portions  631  disposed on an exterior surface of the speaker assembly  610 A and their position relative to the other components of the speaker assembly  610 A. The foam portion  631  locations and/or sizes can be different than the foam portion  631  locations and/or sizes shown in  FIG. 9D . For example, certain of the foam portions  631  of  FIG. 9E  can be larger or smaller than corresponding foams  631  shown in  FIG. 9D  in order to accommodate or make room for other components in the device, while still providing the same or similar sound directing functions. In some examples, the foams  631  shown in  FIGS. 9D and 9E  can reduce air pressure imbalances that can occur when driving the speaker without the foams  631  present. In some examples, the reduction of such pressure imbalances can reduce the occurrence of rocking of the speaker assembly  610 A and can lead to improved sound quality and increased efficiency, especially for low frequency sounds. Additionally, the presence of the foam  631  on top of the speaker enclosure can prevent inadvertent and/or undesirable contact between the diaphragm of the speaker assembly  610  and any components of the device that may be disposed over the speaker assembly  610 A, such as a display assembly. Further details of speaker assemblies are provided below with reference to  FIG. 10A-12 . 
       FIG. 10A  illustrates an enlarged front view of a lower region or chin of the electronic device  100  and  FIG. 10B  illustrates a cross-sectional side view of the electronic device  100  taken from cross-section  10 B- 10 B as shown in  FIG. 10A . Further,  FIG. 11A  illustrates an exploded view of the speaker assembly  710 B. As best illustrated in  FIG. 11A , the speaker assembly  710 B can include a moving mass  714  such as a diaphragm, a driver frame  718 , a magnet assembly or driver  722 , a speaker enclosure  724 , wiring  738 , a barometric vent  728 , acoustic dampening and/or directing foams  730 , a passive radiator  726 , an adhesion element  742 , such as sealing PSA, and adhesive for the driver  746 . 
     The speaker assembly  710 B can be substantially similar to, and can include some or all of the features of the speaker assembly  610 A, described herein. However, the speaker assembly  710 B can be smaller than the speaker assembly  610 A, due to space constraints in the bottom of the device  100 . Accordingly, the speaker assembly  710 B can include a passive radiator  726  to amplify the acoustics and generate a more balanced experience for the user. The speaker assembly  710 B can include a speaker enclosure  724 . In some examples, the speaker enclosure  724  can be affixed to an interior surface of the housing  104 , for example, with PSA  742 . The speaker enclosure  724  can include a variable amount of sides or regions. In other words, a speaker volume can be defined not only by the speaker enclosure  724 , but also by one or more walls or regions of the housing  104 , for instance a back wall of the housing  104  (i.e., opposite the display). The speaker enclosure  724  can define an opening in which a moving mass or diaphragm  714  resides. In some examples, the speaker enclosure  724 , in combination with the diaphragm  714 , can be a five-sided box having an open side that defines an aperture. The speaker enclosure  724  can then be positioned on a back interior surface of the housing  104  such that the interior surface covers or occludes the open side of the speaker enclosure  724  to form an enclosed speaker volume. 
       FIG. 11B  shows a top view of a speaker assembly  710 B similar to the one shown in  FIG. 11A  including foam portions  731  disposed on a surface of the speaker enclosure of the speaker assembly  710 B. Although the speaker assembly  710 B can be positioned at any location within an electronic device as described herein, in some examples, the speaker assembly  710 B can be positioned near or adjacent to an edge or edges of the device. In some examples, it can be desirable to direct sound produced by the speaker assembly  710 B in one or more directions, such as towards an edge of the device, where a port or opening may be present to allow sound to emanate from the device, as well as away from the edge and into the internal volume of the device. As such, the foams  731  can be positioned in the enclosure  724  to direct sound and/or audio signals produced by the speaker assembly  710 B in two or more desired directions. 
       FIG. 12A  shows a top view of a portion of a speaker assembly  810  that can be substantially similar to, and can include some or all of the features of the speaker assemblies described herein, such as speaker assemblies  610 A and  710 B. As with the other speaker assemblies described herein, the speaker assembly  810  can include a moving mass  814 , such as a diaphragm, that can be coupled to a frame  818  and can be driven by a magnet assembly or a driver disposed below the diaphragm  814 . 
       FIG. 12B  shows a cross-sectional side view of the speaker assembly  810  of  FIG. 12A  taken along the line indicated in  FIG. 12A . As can be seen, the speaker assembly  810  can include a driver  822  disposed below the diaphragm  814  in a volume at least partially defined by the frame  818 . In some examples, the diaphragm  814  can be a relatively flexible and pliant material, such as a rubber and/or polymer material. Further, in some examples, a single speaker assembly  810  can be used to produce both high and low frequency sounds, thereby eliminating the need for separate woofer and tweeter modules, and saving space within the internal volume of the electronic device. In some examples, however, the flexibility of the diaphragm  814  that allows for a desired quality of low frequency sound output may be too flexible to achieve a desired quality for high frequency sound output. Accordingly, in some examples, the diaphragm  814  can define a non-planar structure or feature, such as an indentation  815  as shown in  FIG. 12B . 
       FIG. 12C  shows a cross-sectional side view of the speaker assembly of  FIG. 12A  taken perpendicular to the cross-sectional view shown in  FIG. 12B . Whereas the diaphragm  814  may define a single indentation  815  along the axis shown in  FIG. 12B , the diaphragm  814  can also define multiple indentations  815  spaced along the length or width of the diaphragm  814 . In some examples, adjacent indentations  815  can define a ridge or raised portion  816 , and the diaphragm  814  can define one or more ridges  816 , as desired. In some examples, the diaphragm  814  can define between 1 and 50 ridges, between 1 and 25 ridges, between 5 and 20 ridges, or between 5 and 15 ridges, for example about 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12 ridges. The indentations  815  and/or ridges  816  defined by the diaphragm  814  can serve to increase the stiffness of the diaphragm  814  over one or more desired frequency ranges. Accordingly, the diaphragm  814  can include a material having a flexibility that can provide a desired quality of sound at low frequencies, while the indentations  815  and/or ridges  816  defined by the diaphragm  814  can serve to stiffen the diaphragm  814  and allow for a desired level of sound quality for high frequency sound output. Further details regarding a speaker assembly for an electronic device are provided with respect to  FIGS. 13A and 13B . 
       FIG. 13A  illustrates a front view of the passive radiator  926 , as shown in  FIG. 11A . The passive radiator  926  can include a high tension, low elongation mesh  929 , such as a SAATI mesh, adhered with PSA and a stainless steel etched plate  931 . To improve performance of the speaker assembly  710 B in the chin, the passive radiator  926  can be positioned in the back volume to amplify the speaker assembly  710 B. Because the speaker assembly  710 B has less speaker volume than the speaker assembly  610 A due to space constraints near the bottom of the device, the speaker assembly  710 B can incorporate the passive radiator  926  to supplement the performance of the speaker assembly  710 B to better match and balance with the speaker assembly  610 A. 
       FIG. 13B  shows an exploded view of the passive radiator  926  of  FIG. 13A , including the SAATI mesh  929 , a perforated stainless steel plate  931 , and the speaker enclosure  940 . As can be seen, the plate  931  can define one or more holes or apertures  932 . In some examples, the apertures  932  can be separate from the perforations of the mesh, although in some other examples the apertures can be the perforations of the mesh. The apertures  932  can be positioned near corners and/or edges of the plate  931 , as desired. In some examples, the apertures  932  can align with one or more posts or stakes,  942 ,  944 ,  946 ,  948  that can be positioned in a volume  941  at least partially defined by the enclosure  940 . In some examples, during an assembly process, stakes  942 ,  944 ,  946 ,  948  can be positioned at least partially in or through the apertures or opening  932  and the plate  931  can be heat staked to the enclosure  940  in order to retain it in a desired location. Thus, in some examples, the speaker enclosure can include a polymer material that can be selectively melted and/or deformed once the stakes  942 ,  944 ,  946 ,  948  have passed through the openings  932  to form a structure which cannot pass back through the openings  932 , thereby securing the plate  931  to the enclosure  940 . Although shown only at a single location of an enclosure of a speaker assembly, such as assembly  710 B, the speaker assemblies described herein can include any number of passive radiators in any desired configuration. In some examples, a speaker assembly can include two passive radiators positioned on opposite sides of a speaker driver. This configuration can increase the balance of the speaker assembly, thereby reducing rocking and improving sound quality. 
     Any number or variety of components in any of the configurations described herein can be included in the electronic device. The components can include any combination of the features described herein and can be arranged in any of the various configurations described herein. The structure and arrangement of components of an electronic device having a housing with structures described herein, and defining an internal volume, as well as the concepts regarding engagement and retention features, can apply not only to the specific examples discussed herein, but to any number of examples in any combination. Various examples of electronic devices including components, such as antennas, having various features in various arrangements are described below, with reference to  FIGS. 14A-16 . 
       FIG. 14A  illustrates an enlarged front view of the upper region of an electronic device that can be substantially similar to, and can include some or all of the features of the electronic devices described herein, such as electronic device  100 . This upper region can be referred to as the “forehead” of the electronic device and can include a housing  1012  that can at least partially define an internal volume of the device and one or more speaker assemblies  1010 , as described herein. The forehead region can also contain one or more antennas, such as antenna modules  1020 ,  1022 , and  1024 . In some examples, any of these antenna modules  1020 ,  1022 ,  1024  can radiate at one or more desired frequencies, such as WI-FI frequencies and/or cellular, LTE, and 5G frequencies. In some examples, the antenna module  1020  can operate at 2.4 GHz, the antenna module  1022  can operate at 5 GHz, and the antenna module  1024  can be a dual-band antenna that operates at 2.5 GHz and 5 GHz. 
     In some examples, the housing  1012  can include a relatively electromagnetically opaque material, such as metal. Accordingly, the antenna modules may not be able to radiate out of the back of the housing  1012  and will instead radiate in a substantially upward direction, for example, extending out of the page from  FIG. 14A . In some examples, and as shown in  FIG. 1A , a display or a top module (not shown) can be disposed above the antenna modules  1020 ,  1022 ,  1024 . In some examples, an antenna module  1020  can be coupled to a component  1021  that can at least partially define the cavity of the antenna module  1020 . In some examples, this component  1021  can include a metallic material, for example, in the form of a plate or sheet. Thus, in some examples, the antenna module  1020  and component  1021  can include a parallel plate antenna. Although the component  1021  can be positioned near the antenna module  1020 , in some examples, other components that are in electrical communication with other antenna modules  1022 ,  1024  may not be located adjacent thereto. 
     In some examples, a component  1026  can be coupled to the antenna module  1022  to form a parallel plate antenna, while a component  1025  can be coupled to the antenna module  1024  to form a parallel plate antenna. Additionally the antenna modules  1020 ,  1022 ,  1024 , and/or the components  1021 ,  1025 ,  1026  can be electrically grounded to one or more other components of the device to tune the antenna and to achieve desired levels of antenna performance. 
     Further, because the antennas described herein can be parallel plate antennas, the presence of other components of the device, such as the display or top module, can have a capacitance value that can affect the tuning of the antenna. Accordingly, as shown in  FIG. 14B , conductive components can be added at desired locations to compensate for the capacitance of components of the device. For example, a conductive tape  1030  can be positioned as shown, and can be electrically connected to one or more components of the device, such as the housing  1012 , to compensate for the capacitance of the top module on the parallel plate antennas described herein. Further details regarding antenna components are described with respect to  FIGS. 15A-15E . 
       FIG. 15A  shows a close-up view of several components of the forehead region of an electronic device, for example, as shown in  FIG. 14A . As described herein, the device can include one or more antenna modules  1120 ,  1122  that can be single or multi-band modules. In some examples, the antenna module  1020  can operate at 2.4 GHz and the antenna module  1022  can operate at 5 GHz. One or both of the antenna modules  1120 ,  1122  can be electrically coupled to an antenna resonant structure  1130 . This structure can include a metallic material, for example, in the form of a metallic sheet. In some examples, the resonant structure can include a first material coated with a second, more conductive metal, such as steel or plastic coated with copper. The antenna resonant structure  1130  can be in electrical communication with one or both antenna modules  1120 ,  1122 , for example, through a flexible electrical connector that can be soldered, connected by SMT, or otherwise connected to the antenna resonant structure  1130 . 
     Typically, discrete modules having desired capacitance and/or inductance values can be added to an electrical circuit including the antenna to tune the antenna performance. Due to the relatively compact geometry of the devices described herein, however, it can be desirable to tune antenna performance without the addition of such components. Accordingly, a shunt  1132  can be positioned near the antenna resonant structure  1130  to tune the performance and/or resonant frequency of the antenna modules  1120 ,  1122  by capacitively coupling with the antenna circuits during operation. Accordingly, the material, size, and geometry of the shunt  1132  can be selected to tune the performance of the antenna modules  1120 ,  1122 . In some examples, the shunt  1132  can include a conductive material, such as a metal. In some example, the shunt  1132  can include a ferrous material, such as steel. Further details regarding antenna tuning are discussed below with reference to  FIGS. 15C-15E . 
       FIG. 15C  shows a close-up view of the housing  1112  of the region of the device shown in  FIG. 15A . In some examples, and as shown in  FIG. 3B , the housing  1112  can define an indentation or recessed region, and a dielectric component  1132  can be disposed in the recess to assist in coupling multiple portions of the housing  1112  to one another. In some examples, however, the dielectric component may not provide any mechanical coupling or support. In some examples, the dielectric component  1132  can include one or more dielectric materials, such as one or more polymers, ceramics, or combinations thereof. In some examples, the dielectric component  1132  can include a polymer-ceramic composite material. In some examples, the dielectric component  1132  can include a glass-filled laminated polymer material. In some examples, the dielectric component  1132  can include a ceramic and Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composite material. In some examples, the dielectric component  1132  can have a dielectric constant of from about 1 to about 10, or from about 2 to about 5, such as about 3. 
     As shown in  FIG. 15D , the dielectric component  1132  can be disposed under an antenna resonant structure  1130  that can be coupled to one or more antenna modules  1120 ,  1122 , for example as described with respect to  FIGS. 15A and 15B . The resonant structure  1130  functions as one plate of a parallel plate antenna structure, as described herein. Therefore, the performance of any antenna circuits including the resonant structure  1130  can be tuned by controlling the dielectric constant of any materials present between the parallel plates of the parallel plate antenna. Accordingly, the material, size, geometry, and location of the dielectric component  1132  can be selected to improve performance of the antennas, as desired. In some examples, the presence of the dielectric component  1132  described herein can improve the efficiency of an antenna including the resonant structure  1130  for frequencies between about 5500 MHz and about 5900 MHz, as compared with an identical parallel plate antenna that does not include the dielectric component  1132 . Additionally, the antenna resonant structure  1130  can be positioned adjacent to, and at least partially surrounding, a periphery of a speaker assembly  1110 , as described herein. 
       FIG. 15E  shows a top view of the region of  FIGS. 15B and 15C , including an enclosure disposed over the antenna resonant structure  1130  and at least some of the speaker assembly  1110 . In some examples, the enclosure  1140  can serve to electrically isolate the antenna resonant structure  1130  and the speaker assembly  1110  from other components of the device, such as a display module that can be disposed over the components, as described herein. 
       FIG. 16  illustrates a top view of the region of the forehead adjacent to the region shown in  FIGS. 15A-15E . The region of the device shown in  FIG. 16  can include an antenna module  1225 , a housing  1212  that can at least partially define the internal volume of the device, and an electronic component  1240 . In some examples, the electronic component  1240  can be electrically coupled to the antenna module  1225  and can be part of an antenna circuit. In order to provide electric grounding for the component  1240  and/or antenna circuit, portions of conductive material  1241 ,  1242 ,  1243  can be electrically coupled to the component  1240  and to other portions of the device, such as the housing  1212 . In some examples, the portions of conductive material  1241 ,  1242 ,  1243  can include conductive tapes. In some examples, the portions of conductive material  1241 ,  1242 ,  1243  can provide electrical shorts between various locations of the device to provide a desired antenna path length, and to give a broad antenna frequency response, as desired. 
     Any number or variety of components in any of the configurations described herein can be included in the electronic device. The components can include any combination of the features described herein and can be arranged in any of the various configurations described herein. The structure and arrangement of components of an electronic device having a housing with structures described herein, and defining an internal volume, as well as the concepts regarding engagement and retention features, can apply not only to the specific examples discussed herein, but to any number of examples in any combination. Various examples of electronic devices including components, such as biometric components, having various features in various arrangements are described below, with reference to  FIGS. 17-19C . 
       FIG. 17  illustrates a close-up view of the region of an electronic device, such as electronic device  100  as shown in  FIG. 1C . In some examples, the electronic device  1300  can include some or all of the features of any of the electronic devices as described herein, such as electronic device  100 . In some examples, the electronic device  1300  can include a biometric input component  1306 . 
     The biometric input component  1306  can be disposed in an opening or aperture formed in the housing  1302 . In some examples, the aperture extends through the housing  1302  and one or more components of the biometric input component  1306  are positioned in the housing. In some examples, the housing  1302  defines a recess to retain the biometric input device  1306 , and can additionally include one or more apertures through which a portion of the biometric input component  1306  extends through the housing  1302 . 
     The biometric input component  1306  can include a sensor cover  1312 , which can be a dielectric cover that is surrounded by a conductive frame  1310 . The conductive frame  1310  can be a ring of conductive material. The sensor cover  1312  (e.g., dielectric cover) can define an external surface of the electronic device  1300 , which can come in contact with an object, such as a user&#39;s finger. When a finger or other body part contacts the external surface of the sensor cover  1312 , the skin of the finger can become at least partially flattened over the external surface, though this is not required. With the skin of the finger in contact with the external surface of the sensor cover  1312 , sensors below the sensor cover  1312  can capture biometric information, such as a fingerprint image. The sensors can be organized into a sensor layer, as discussed in more detail below. 
     In an example, the biometric input component  1306  can be a capacitive fingerprint sensor; the fingerprint sensor can be a sensor layer in the stack up of the biometric input component. The capacitive fingerprint sensor can include an array of capacitive electrodes which can be driven by an electrical signal. In some examples, a user&#39;s finger can also come in contact with the conductive frame  1310 , which can be held at a reference voltage level, such as a ground. Other examples can use different types of sensing technologies. For example, ultrasonic, infrared, multi-spectral, RF, thermal, optical, resistance, and piezoelectric technologies can be used instead of, or in addition to, capacitive sensing. 
     In some examples, a biometric input component  1306  can receive additional inputs. For example, the biometric input component  1306  can use capacitive or similar sensing to sense touch and/or gesture inputs on the sensor cover  1312 . Accordingly, the biometric input device  1306  can be configured to capacitively detect a motion of a finger across the sensor cover  1312 , such as a swipe along a length of the sensor cover  1312 . In response to such gestures, the electronic device  1300  can perform a function, such as a change in volume, a change in brightness of the display  569 , opening an application, changing another setting of the electronic device  1300 , and soon. 
     A fingerprint is generally formed from ridges and valleys arranged in a unique pattern.  FIG. 18A  depicts a graphic illustration of a portion of a fingerprint image. In  FIG. 18A , the ridges  1460  are represented with dashed lines. The valleys  1462  are located in the areas between the ridges  1460 . Typically, the capacitance measured between a ridge  1460  and an electrode in the fingerprint sensor varies from the capacitance measured between a valley  1462  and another electrode in the fingerprint sensor. An elongated fingerprint sensor(s) described herein can capture, at a single time, a single image that is compared against a stored image in order to authenticate a user or otherwise execute functionality of the electronic device, rather than capturing a series of images as a user moves his or her finger across the sensor. 
     The measured capacitance between a ridge and an electrode in the fingerprint sensor can be greater than the measured capacitance between a valley and another electrode in the fingerprint sensor because the ridge is closer to the electrodes. The differences in the measured capacitances can be used to distinguish between ridges and valleys and produce or generate a fingerprint image. 
     It should be appreciated that alternative fingerprint sensing technologies can measure fingerprints differently, and it should be further appreciated that these alternative fingerprint sensing technologies can be used or incorporated into examples described herein. For example, ultrasonic, optical, inductive and/or thermal fingerprint sensing technologies can be used with various examples described herein instead of capacitive sensing. 
     As used herein, the term “image” or “fingerprint image” includes an image and other types of data that can be captured by a fingerprint sensor (which can be a sensor layer) and/or used to represent a fingerprint. By way of example only, a fingerprint sensor can produce a data structure that defines the features in a fingerprint. In some examples, multiple images of various portions of a fingerprint can be combined to create a composite image. 
     For example, a fingerprint image can be considered to be made up of several nodes, with each node representing a region of the fingerprint image. Nodes can generally be overlapping, such that the nodes can be stitched together to form an entire fingerprint image. One or more electrodes in the fingerprint sensor/layer can capture a node. One or more nodes can be matched with data stored in memory, such as a fingerprint template, to authenticate a user&#39;s access to features of the electronic device. For example, nodes captured by the fingerprint sensor can be compared to stored nodes of the fingerprint template, or a captured fingerprint image can otherwise be compared to a stored fingerprint image. Such comparison can be of the overall captured image to the overall stored image, of nodes of the captured image to nodes of the storied image, of a hash or other mathematical representation or abstraction of the captured image to a hash or other mathematical representation or abstraction of the stored image, of a portion of the captured image to a portion of the stored image, and so on. All of the foregoing is embraced by the concept of comparing a captured fingerprint image (or captured fingerprint data) to a stored fingerprint image (or stored fingerprint data). While multiple nodes and/or images can be captured to create the fingerprint template, during an authentication operation a single set of nodes is typically captured by the sensor. Further, this single set of nodes is captured in one capture operation at a single instant in time, rather than across multiple capture operations. 
       FIG. 18B  shows a cross-sectional view of a user&#39;s finger  1401  contacting a biometric input component, as described herein. In the present example, the biometric input component can be substantially similar to, and can include some or all of the features of the biometric input components described herein, including a sensor cover  1412  and a conductive frame  1402 . The ridges  1460  of the user&#39;s finger  1401  can contact the sensor cover  1412  during operation. However, the user&#39;s finger  1401  can also contact the frame or trim  1402 . In some examples, in order to maximize the sensing area of the biometric component, the active sensing area disposed under the sensor cover  1412  can be disposed adjacent to, or very close to, the frame  1402 . For example, the active sensing area can be less than about 1 mm, less than about 0.75 mm, less than about 0.5 mm, less than about 0.3 mm, or even closer to the frame  1402 . In some examples, it can be desirable to seal the sensor cover  1412  to the frame  1402  in order to prevent ingress of contaminants or other materials that may affect sensing, such as sweat. 
     As shown in  FIG. 18C , the small distance between the sensing area under the cover  1412  and the frame  1402  can produce noise in the biometric sensor near that location, here indicated as region  1512 . Thus, signals  1510  and  1520  detected by the biometric sensor that can correspond to the ridges and valleys of a user&#39;s finger can be washed out by the noise near the sensor edge. In some examples, the biometric input component and/or other components of the electronic can apply one or more algorithms to the data or signal generated by the biometric input component to normalize the signal near the edge region, effectively flattening out the noise in that area, resulting in signals  1510  and  1520 , as shown in the lower graph in  FIG. 18C . 
     Returning to  FIG. 17 , the biometric input component  1306  can be formed as a compressible button. Accordingly, the conductive frame  1310 , the sensor cover  1312 , and other components of the biometric input component can deflect in response to force on the sensor cover  1312  and/or the conductive frame. The biometric input component  1306  can incorporate a pressure- or force-sensing component to register the application of force. For example, an electrical switch can cause an actuation signal to be produced in response to the application of sufficient force to the biometric input component  1306 . 
     In response to the actuation signal, the electronic device  1300  can initiate a process. For example, the fingerprint sensor in the biometric input component  1306  can be activated to capture a fingerprint image in response to the actuation signal, without requiring the user to move his or her finger, for example as a single set of nodes (or other fingerprint data) captured at a single time. In other examples, the actuation signal can additionally or alternatively cause another action, such as a software action, power on or power off of the electronic device  1300 , a change in volume, or another action. 
     In some examples, the biometric input component  1306  can incorporate a non-binary force sensor, or a force sensor which measures an amount of force with a range of values. In other words, the force sensor can exhibit a non-binary electrical response (e.g., a change in voltage, capacitance, resistance, or other electrical parameter) indicating the amount of force applied to the biometric input component  1306 . This non-binary response can yield or be a non-binary signal that conveys information corresponding to an amount of force exerted on an input surface, such as one defined by the sensor cover, and is not limited to being present or absent (e.g., on/off). 
     For example, the biometric input component  1306  can incorporate a force sensor which can distinguish between three or more force values, and can respond differently to different threshold values of force. As one example, no action can occur below a first threshold force value. Between the first threshold force value and a second threshold force value, the biometric input component  1306  can capture one or more fingerprint images. Above the second threshold force value, the electronic device  1300  can power off. It should be understood that a variety of actions can result from the application of varying amounts of force, and that the above illustrations are exemplary in nature. 
       FIG. 19A  depicts a cross-sectional view of the biometric input component  1506  taken along the section shown in  FIG. 17 . As shown in  FIG. 19A , the biometric input component  1506  can be at least partially recessed within the housing  1502  of the electronic device. The biometric input component  1506  can include a bracket  1530  or other support structure that can be attached or otherwise affixed to the housing  1502 . In some examples, the housing  1502  can include a shelf or other support structure for supporting a bracket  1530 . 
     The biometric input component  1506  can include a sensor cover  1512  and a sensor layer  1518 . The sensor cover  1512  can be any appropriate dielectric or otherwise non-conductive material, such as glass, sapphire, ceramic, plastic, acrylic, or combinations of such materials. In some examples, the sensor cover  1512  can be formed from a material which is at least partially transparent, though this is not necessary and opaque materials can also be used. One or more layers can be disposed between the sensor cover  1512  and the sensor layer  1518 , such as a color masking layer to reduce visibility of the biometric sensor  1518  and provide a desired visual appearance to a user. 
     The sensor layer  1518  can be coupled to the sensor cover  1512  by an adhesive layer  1516 . The adhesive layer  1516  can include a pressure-sensitive adhesive, or another adhesive which adheres the sensor cover  1512  to the sensor layer  1518 . The sensor layer  1518  can include an array of capacitive electrodes disposed over a substrate (e.g., silicon or another appropriate material). Analog and/or digital circuitry can be electrically coupled to the array of capacitive electrodes to control the operation of the electrodes and receive biometric data. In some examples, the sensor layer  1518  can include the analog and/or digital circuitry, and in other examples the analog and/or digital circuitry can be provided on another layer or separate from the biometric input component  1506 . The sensor layer  1518  can be disposed within the conductive frame  1510 , and may not come into contact with the conductive frame  1510 . 
     A circuit layer  1520 , such as a flexible circuit, connects the sensor layer  1518  to additional processing circuitry. As an example, the circuit layer  1520  can connect the sensor layer  1518  to additional processing circuitry to transmit signals to or from the fingerprint sensor. In some examples, some of the additional processing circuitry can be disposed in the circuit layer  1520 . 
     The conductive frame  1510  can surround and support the components of the biometric input component  1506 . When a force is applied to the sensor cover  1512  and/or the conductive frame  1510 , the conductive frame  1510  can deflect, moving the sensor cover  1512  and other components into a cavity of the housing  1502 . In some examples, the conductive frame  1510  can be formed from a material sufficiently rigid to provide structural support to the sensor cover  1512 . The conductive frame  1510  can therefore be formed from an appropriate material, such as steel, aluminum, brass, nickel, and other conductive materials or combinations of materials. 
     The conductive frame  1510  can also be coupled to a reference voltage, such as system ground. When a user contacts the conductive frame  1510 , the coupling to ground can reduce signal attenuation due to variable capacitive coupling between the user and the system ground as a result of other fingers, hands, or body parts coming in contact with other parts of the electronic device  1500 . 
     In some examples, the sensor cover  1512  can be sealed to the frame  1510  around some or all of a periphery of the sensor cover  1512 . In some examples, the sensor cover  1512  can be sealed to the frame  1510  with an adhesive to prevent ingress of material or contaminants that might undesirably affect the performance of the sensor layer  1518 . In some examples, the adhesive can have a viscosity such that the adhesive can wick into a gap between the sensor cover  1512  and the frame  1510  to fill substantially the entire volume of the gap. In some examples, the frame  1510  can at least partially surround a periphery of the sensor layer  1518 . In some examples, the conductive frame  1510  can entirely surround a periphery of the sensor layer  1518 . In some examples, the sensor layer  1518  can include sensing pixels, with each pixel providing a corresponding signal. In some examples, a distance between a sidewall of the conductive frame  1510  and a pixel of the sensor layer  1518  can be less than 1 mm, less than 0.9 mm, less than 0.75 mm, less than 0.5 mm, or less than 0.3 mm, or less than 0.25 mm, or even less. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 19B , which illustrates an exploded view of the biometric input component  1506 , an isolation member or layer can be positioned between the housing sensor layer  1518  and the sensor cover  1512  in order to electrically isolate the components of the biometric input component  1506  from the housing  1502 . For example, the housing  1502  can be formed from a conductive material, such as aluminum, steel, or other metals. In such cases, the isolation member can further reduce signal attenuation in biometric data captured by the biometric input component  1506  by electrically isolating the sensor layer  1518  from the housing  1502 . In some examples, the isolation layer can include an insulating or relatively non-conductive material, such as a polymeric material. 
     In some examples, isolating the conductive frame  1510  from the housing  1502  can be achieved by any technique as desired, such as a film or surface treatment of the housing  1502  and/or the conductive frame  1510 . For example, an anodization layer can be formed in the portion of the housing  1502  around the biometric input component  1506 . The anodization layer can be formed at a sufficient thickness to electrically isolate the conductive frame  1510  from the housing  1502 . 
     As depicted in  FIG. 19B , the conductive frame  1510  can be coupled to a stiffener layer  1522 . The sensor cover  1512 , sensor layer  1518 , and circuit layer  1520  can coupled to the stiffener layer  1522  to transfer force applied to the sensor cover  1512  to a force sensor  1528 . In some examples, the force sensor  1528  is disposed within the housing  1502  of the electronic device. Accordingly, a bracket  1530  or other support component can be joined or fixed to the housing  1502 , thereby coupling the biometric input component  1506  to the housing  1502 . 
     The conductive frame  1510 , bracket  1530 , and stiffener layer  1522  can be formed of the same or different materials, and can be coupled together by an appropriate technique, such as welding, soldering, brazing, one or more adhesive layers, a mechanical coupling (e.g., screws or studs which pass through the stiffener layer  1522  and into the conductive frame  1510 ), and so on. The stiffener layer  1522  generally provides a rigid structure through which force can be transferred to the force sensor  1528 . In some examples, the stiffener layer  1522  can include a metal which can be the same or a different metal from the conductive frame  1510 , and in other examples the stiffener layer  1522  can be formed from glass, plastic, sapphire, or another material. In some examples, the conductive frame  1510  can be electrically grounded to one or more components of the device, including the device housing, for example through the bracket  1530 . In some examples, the stiffener layer  1522  can include a conductive material and can be in electrical communication with the frame  1510  and one or more other components of the device to ground the frame  1510  or other portions of the component  1506 . In some examples, the stiffener layer can include a bracket or a bent portion of material. 
     The stiffener layer  1522  can be coupled to a force sensor  1528  by an adhesive layer (which can be the same or a different adhesive as the adhesive layer  1516 ). In some examples, a flexible circuit can be coupled to the force sensor  1528 , and can provide signals to and from the force sensor  1528 . The force sensor  1528  can further be coupled to the circuit layer  1520  (for example, connected to one another by vias or flex circuits, or otherwise electrically and/or physically coupled together) and/or processing circuitry. Accordingly, the operation of the fingerprint sensor can be controlled or affected by actuation of the force sensor  1528 . 
     The force sensor  1528  can be positioned near a structural component, such as bracket  1530  of the electronic device. In some examples, the force sensor  1528  can be an electrical switch, such as a compressible dome switch. As force is applied to the sensor cover  1512 , the force can be transferred from the conductive frame  1510 , to the stiffener layer  1522 , and from the stiffener layer  1522  through an adhesive layer  1527  to the force sensor  1528 . 
     The force sensor  1528  can include a compliant and/or biasing component, such as a compressible dome, spring, beam, or other structure. When force is transferred from the stiffener layer  1522  to the force sensor  1528 , the biasing component can come in contact with the structural component  1530  and compress. In some examples, as the biasing component collapses it completes an electrical circuit, thereby causing an actuation signal to be generated or otherwise sent to processing circuitry and/or the sensor layer  1518 . When an input on the sensor cover  1512  is released, the compressible dome can provide a restoring force, returning at least the sensor cover and conductive frame of the biometric input device  1506  to their original positions. 
     In other examples, the force sensor  1528  can be implemented as another type of switch or force sensing device. For example, the force sensor  1528  can detect a non-binary amount of force through capacitive force sensing, ultrasonic force sensing, strain gauge, optical, resistance, and piezoelectric technologies. The force sensor  1528  can in some examples output a range of signal voltages to processing circuitry, and in other examples can additionally or alternatively provide actuation signals at given force thresholds. 
     In some examples, the bracket  1530  can include one or more attachment features, such as an aperture or orifice through which a fastener can pass to join the bracket  15150  to the housing  1502  and fix the biometric input component  1506 . In some examples, the bracket  1530  can maintain a position of the biometric input component  1506  so that the force sensor  1528  can be actuated in a direction perpendicular to the direction of attachment between the housing  1502  and the bracket  1530 . In some examples, the bracket  1530  can include a relatively stiff and rigid material, such as a metallic material, for example aluminum or steel. Further details regarding the bracket  1530  are described with respect to  FIG. 19C . 
       FIG. 19C  shows a front view of the biometric input component  1506 , including the bracket  1530  affixed to the housing  1502  of the electronic device  1500 . In some examples, the bracket  1530  can include multiple components, such as a first bracket component  1531  and a second bracket component  1532 , which can be joined or fixed together in any manner. In some examples, one or more other components of the electronic device can also be supported by the bracket  1530 , so that this single support component  1530  can provide mechanical support and fix the position of multiple components and/or circuits of the device, thereby reducing the amount of internal volume required for support components. This configuration can allow for a reduction in the size of the internal volume and/or for additional room for other functional components in the internal volume. 
     For example, one or more sensors, such as an ambient light sensor  1540  can be affixed to the bracket  1530  at a desired location. In some examples, the position of the bracket  1530  adjacent to the edge or exterior surface of the housing  1502  can allow for the support of other components that can also be positioned near the edge or exterior of the housing  1502 . For example, the ambient light sensor (ALS)  1540  can be positioned adjacent or near to an edge of the display (not shown) and beneath the cover (not shown) of the device so that the ALS  1540  can receive light that passes from the ambient environment through the cover. In some examples, any other components or circuitry, such as one or more controllers or processors can also be carried or supported by the bracket  1530 , and thus fixed in place relative to the housing  1502 . In some examples, one or more printed circuit boards can be supported by the bracket  1530 . Further, in some examples, at least a portion of the component  1506  can be disposed in an antenna volume of the device, as described herein. In those examples, a printed circuit board supported by the bracket  1530  can include one or more chokes to electrically and/or capacitively decouple the bracket  1530  and or component  1506  from the antenna. 
     Any number or variety of components in any of the configurations described herein can be included in the electronic device. The components can include any combination of the features described herein and can be arranged in any of the various configurations described herein. The structure and arrangement of components of an electronic device having a housing with structures described herein, and defining an internal volume, as well as the concepts regarding engagement and retention features, can apply not only to the specific examples discussed herein, but to any number of examples in any combination. Various examples of electronic devices including components, such as charging components, having various features in various arrangements are described below, with reference to  FIG. 20 . 
       FIG. 20  illustrates a close-up view of the region of an electronic device, such as electronic device  100  as shown in  FIG. 1C . In some examples, the electronic device  1600  can include some or all of the features of any of the electronic devices as described herein, such as electronic device  100 . As can be seen, in some examples, the housing  1602  can define one or more features that can allow for the positioning and retention of desired components. In some examples, the device  1600  can include an inductive charging component  1650 . This inductive charging component  1650  can be any form of wireless charging component as desired, such as an inductive charging coil. In use, the inductive charging component  1650  can serve to wireless charge one or more peripheral or external components that are positioned substantially near or adjacent to the inductive charging component  1650  at the housing  1602 . For example, a secondary input component, such as a stylus or digital pen or pencil, can be positioned adjacent to the inductive charging component  1650  to receive wireless power therefrom. 
     In some examples, the housing  1602  can define a recess or cavity  1603  in which the inductive charging component  1650  can be positioned and fixed. In some examples the recess  1603  can be machined into the material of the housing  1602 . In some other examples, the recess  1603  can be molded or cast when then housing  1602  is formed. The efficiency of an inductive charging component can depend on the position of the component relative to the component to be charged, thus it can be desirable to precisely fix the position of the inductive charging component relative to the other components of the device  1600 , for example the housing  1602 . Further, by affixing the inductive charging component  1650  directly to the housing, for example at the recess  1603 , the need for separate bracket components can be eliminated or reduced, thereby saving space and/or costs. The housing can also define an orifice or aperture  1604  that can allow for communication between the recess  1603  and the internal volume of the housing  1602 . One or more electrical connectors can pass through the aperture  1604  and allow for power and/or data to be transmitted between components of the electronic device  1600  and the inductive charging component  1650 . 
     In some examples, one or more magnets  1653  can also be positioned in or near the recess  1603 , for example between the housing  1602  and the inductive charging component  1650 . In use, these magnets  1653  can assist in retaining and/or positioning the peripheral component to be charged relative to the inductive charging component  1650 . In some cases, a charging cover  1652  can be provided over the inductive charging component  1650  at the recess  1603  to protect the inductive charging component  1650  and provide a desired visual appearance to the housing  1602 . In some examples, this window or cover  1652  can include any substantially non-conductive material or materials, such as polymers, ceramics, and/or glasses. 
     While the present disclosure generally describes components and features of an electronic device, the components and features described herein can be used in any combination or order and with any component or electronic device as desired. Further, the components and features can assume any geometric shape, pattern, size, or combination of shapes, patterns, and sizes. Additionally, the features described herein can be positioned on or extend from any surface or surfaces of any desired housing and/or components. 
     To the extent applicable to the present technology, gathering and use of data available from various sources can be used to improve the delivery to users of invitational content or any other content that can be of interest to them. The present disclosure contemplates that in some instances, this gathered data can include personal information data that uniquely identifies or can be used to contact or locate a specific person. Such personal information data can include demographic data, location-based data, telephone numbers, email addresses, TWITTER® ID&#39;s, home addresses, data or records relating to a user&#39;s health or level of fitness (e.g., vital signs measurements, medication information, exercise information), date of birth, or any other identifying or personal information. 
     The present disclosure recognizes that the use of such personal information data, in the present technology, can be used to the benefit of users. For example, the personal information data can be used to deliver targeted content that is of greater interest to the user. Accordingly, use of such personal information data enables users to calculated control of the delivered content. Further, other uses for personal information data that benefit the user are also contemplated by the present disclosure. For instance, health and fitness data can be used to provide insights into a user&#39;s general wellness, or can be used as positive feedback to individuals using technology to pursue wellness goals. 
     The present disclosure contemplates that the entities responsible for the collection, analysis, disclosure, transfer, storage, or other use of such personal information data will comply with well-established privacy policies and/or privacy practices. In particular, such entities should implement and consistently use privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining personal information data private and secure. Such policies should be easily accessible by users, and should be updated as the collection and/or use of data changes. Personal information from users should be collected for legitimate and reasonable uses of the entity and not shared or sold outside of those legitimate uses. Further, such collection/sharing should occur after receiving the informed consent of the users. Additionally, such entities should consider taking any needed steps for safeguarding and securing access to such personal information data and ensuring that others with access to the personal information data adhere to their privacy policies and procedures. Further, such entities can subject themselves to evaluation by third parties to certify their adherence to widely accepted privacy policies and practices. In addition, policies and practices should be adapted for the particular types of personal information data being collected and/or accessed and adapted to applicable laws and standards, including jurisdiction-specific considerations. For instance, in the US, collection of or access to certain health data can be governed by federal and/or state laws, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA); whereas health data in other countries can be subject to other regulations and policies and should be handled accordingly. Hence different privacy practices should be maintained for different personal data types in each country. 
     Despite the foregoing, the present disclosure also contemplates examples in which users selectively block the use of, or access to, personal information data. That is, the present disclosure contemplates that hardware and/or software elements can be provided to prevent or block access to such personal information data. For example, in the case of advertisement delivery services, the present technology can be configured to allow users to select to “opt in” or “opt out” of participation in the collection of personal information data during registration for services or anytime thereafter. In another example, users can select not to provide mood-associated data for targeted content delivery services. In yet another example, users can select to limit the length of time mood-associated data is maintained or entirely prohibit the development of a baseline mood profile. In addition to providing “opt in” and “opt out” options, the present disclosure contemplates providing notifications relating to the access or use of personal information. For instance, a user may be notified upon downloading an app that their personal information data will be accessed and then reminded again just before personal information data is accessed by the app. 
     Moreover, it is the intent of the present disclosure that personal information data should be managed and handled in a way to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use. Risk can be minimized by limiting the collection of data and deleting data once it is no longer needed. In addition, and when applicable, including in certain health related applications, data de-identification can be used to protect a user&#39;s privacy. De-identification may be facilitated, when appropriate, by removing specific identifiers (e.g., date of birth, etc.), controlling the amount or specificity of data stored (e.g., collecting location data a city level rather than at an address level), controlling how data is stored (e.g., aggregating data across users), and/or other methods. 
     Therefore, although the present disclosure broadly covers use of personal information data to implement one or more various disclosed examples, the present disclosure also contemplates that the various examples can also be implemented without the need for accessing such personal information data. That is, the various examples of the present technology are not rendered inoperable due to the lack of all or a portion of such personal information data. For example, content can be selected and delivered to users by inferring preferences based on non-personal information data or a bare minimum amount of personal information, such as the content being requested by the device associated with a user, other non-personal information available to the content delivery services, or publicly available information. 
     The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, used specific nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the described examples. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the specific details are not required in order to practice the described examples. Thus, the foregoing descriptions of the specific examples described herein are presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not target to be exhaustive or to limit the examples to the precise forms disclosed. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20200914
Publication Date: 20220510
Grant Date: 20220510
Priority Date: 20200402
Inventors: SU, STEPHANIE Y.
JUDOPRASETIJO, BRITTANY
DENG, ANDREW
SETLAK, DALE
OSTER, Carli E.
KUNA, MELODY L.
JOYCE, ANDREW W.
XU, RAN
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H01Q1/2258", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04R2499/11", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04R1/2803", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K5/0217", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1688", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1684", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06V40/1318", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q9/0407", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1698", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q21/28", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04R1/02", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1688", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1626", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q5/321", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04R1/2803", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/44", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/44", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/243", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/38", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/243", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/041", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06V40/1306", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K2201/10151", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06V40/1329", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04R1/02", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/38", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K5/0217", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04R1/2803", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/041", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06K9/0004", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/44", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06K9/00053", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06K9/0002", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q9/0407", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/243", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K2201/10151", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 77921034