PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-9116674-B2
Application Number: US-201314055784-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Heat dissipation in computing device

Abstract:
A computing device is disclosed. The computing device includes a shock mount assembly that is configured to provide impact absorption to sensitive components such as a display and an optical disk drive. The computing device also includes an enclosureless optical disk drive that is housed by an enclosure and other structures of the computing device. The computing device further includes a heat transfer system that removes heat from a heat producing element of the computing device. The heat transfer system is configured to thermally couple the heat producing element to a structural member of the computing device so as to sink heat through the structural member, which generally has a large surface area for dissipating the heat.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A computing device, comprising:
 an enclosure arranged to enclose a heat generating component, at least a portion of the enclosure formed of a thermally conductive material; and 
 an integrated heat exchanger arranged to dissipate heat from the heat generating component, the heat exchanger comprising:
 a rib portion as part of a chassis system configured to provide structural support for the enclosure, the rib portion thermally coupled with the thermally conductive material of the enclosure, and 
 a heat sink portion integrally formed with the rib portion and thermally coupled with the heat generating component, wherein heat from the heat generating component is transferred from the heat generating component to the heat sink portion, from the heat sink portion to the rib portion, and from the rib portion to the thermally conductive material of the enclosure. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The computing device of  claim 1 , wherein the chassis system comprises a plurality of ribs that define at least one an enclosed region within the enclosure, the enclosed region configured to accommodate the heat generating component. 
     
     
       3. The computing device of  claim 1 , wherein the integrated heat exchanger comprises a plurality of heat sink portions, each heat sink portion in thermal contact with a corresponding heat generating component. 
     
     
       4. The computing device of  claim 1 , wherein the enclosure is arranged to enclose at least two heat generating components, the heat sink portion of the integrated heat exchanger in thermal contact with and transferring heat away from the at least two heat generating components. 
     
     
       5. The computing device of  claim 1 , wherein the heat sink portion includes a plurality of fins to increase thermal conduction away from the heat generating component. 
     
     
       6. The computing device of  claim 1 , wherein the integrated heat exchanger further comprises:
 at least one heat pipe having a first end thermally coupled with the heat sink portion and a second end thermally coupled with the enclosure, the heat pipe having an outer tube. 
 
     
     
       7. The computing device of  claim 6 , wherein the heat sink portion has at least one opening for receiving the heat pipe. 
     
     
       8. The computing device of  claim 1 , wherein the heat generating component is an integrated chip that is mounted on a printed circuit board, wherein at least a portion of the heat sink portion is supported by the printed circuit board. 
     
     
       9. An integrated heat exchanger configured to dissipate heat generated from a heat generating component within an enclosure of a computing device, the integrated heat exchanger comprising:
 a support portion configured to provide structural support for the enclosure, the support portion thermally coupled with a thermally conductive section of the enclosure; and 
 a heat sink portion integrally connected with the support portion and thermally coupled with the heat generating component, the heat sink portion having a fin portion and a body portion, the body portion having a planar surface that substantially covers a surface of the heat generating component, wherein heat from the heat generating component is transferred from the heat generating component to the heat sink portion, from the heat sink portion to the support portion, and from the support portion to the thermally conductive section of the enclosure. 
 
     
     
       10. The integrated heat exchanger of  claim 9 , wherein the heat sink portion comprises multiple body portions and the fin portion comprises multiple fins, wherein the heat sink portion has more body portions than fins. 
     
     
       11. The integrated heat exchanger of  claim 10 , wherein the fins of the fin portion are spaced apart to optimally dissipate heat through convection. 
     
     
       12. The integrated heat exchanger of  claim 9 , wherein the support portion comprises a plurality of ribs, each rib providing structural support for the enclosure. 
     
     
       13. The integrated heat exchanger of  claim 12 , wherein the plurality of ribs define compartments within the enclosure, each compartment configured to accommodate at least one electronic component. 
     
     
       14. The integrated heat exchanger of  claim 13 , wherein the ribs reduce electronic emissions from a first electronic component in a first compartment from reaching a second electronic component in a second compartment. 
     
     
       15. The integrated heat exchanger of  claim 9 , wherein the heat sink portion extends in a substantially orthogonally from the support portion.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/244,108 entitled “HEAT DISSIPATION IN COMPUTING DEVICE” filed Sep. 23, 2011, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/912,671 entitled “HEAT DISSIPATION IN COMPUTING DEVICE” filed Oct. 26, 2010, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,050,028, issued Nov. 1, 2011, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/253,126 entitled “COMPUTER COMPONENT PROTECTION”, filed Oct. 16, 2008, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,835,147, issued Nov. 16, 2010, which is a is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/624,141 entitled “COMPUTER COMPONENT PROTECTION”, filed Jan. 17, 2007, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,457,111, issued Nov. 25, 2008, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/336,102, entitled “COMPUTER COMPONENT PROTECTION”, filed Jan. 19, 2006, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,301,761, issued Nov. 27, 2007, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/002,484 entitled “COMPUTER COMPONENT PROTECTION”, filed Dec. 1, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,019,967 issued Mar. 28, 2006, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/842,408 entitled “COMPUTER COMPONENT PROTECTION” filed Apr. 24, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,900,984 issued on May 31, 2005, which are all incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     The present invention relates generally to a computer device. More particularly, the present invention relates to arrangements for protecting key components of the computing device. 
     Portable computers generally consist of a lid for carrying a display screen and a base for carrying various internal and external components used for operating the portable computer. By way of example, the internal components may be a hard drive, a modem, a processor, a disk drive, memory and the like, and the external components may be a keyboard, a track pad, buttons and the like. 
     In recent years, sensitive components, such as CD/DVD drives and LCD displays, have been incorporated into the portable computer. By sensitive, it is meant that the CD/DVD drives and LCD displays are some of the most fragile components of the portable computer in terms of sensitivity to impact. The CD/DVD drive generally includes drive components for reading a compact disc (CD) and/or a digital video disc (DVD) and transport components for inserting and removing the CD and DVD discs to and from the drive components. By way of example, the drive components may include a laser, light sensing diode, and a spindle motor, and the transport components may include a movable tray. The LCD display, on the other hand, uses glass substrates with transparent electrodes and a liquid crystal material placed in a gap between the electrodes. The LCD also uses sophisticated driving circuitry (e.g., integrated circuit) for energizing selected segments of the LCD to create the desired image. 
     Unfortunately, the manner in which the LCD and CD/DVD drive are mounted offers little protection against damage, as for example, damage that is due to dropping or other day-to-day handling of the portable computer. Each of these components is rigidly mounted in the base or lid and thus they are susceptible to damage when the portable computer, and more particularly the base and lid, feels an impact. Conventionally, the LCD display and the CD/DVD drive have been rigidly mounted to a structural component of the lid and base, respectively, via a fastener such as a screw or bolt. As such, when a portable computer is dropped, the force of impact is typically transferred from the base to the CD/DVD drive and from the lid to the LCD display through the fastening device. Further, as portable computers become smaller, their associated compact structures have even less damage prevention capability. That is, the fragile LCD and CD/DVD drive are more vulnerable to damage as the size of the computer decreases. 
     The CD/DVD drive also includes an enclosure for housing the drive and transport components. The enclosure is typically arranged to structurally support the components, to shield electronic and laser emissions therein, and to prevent dust particles from reaching the drive components. In most cases, the CD/DVD drive, including its own enclosure, is installed into the base of the portable computer. By way of example, the enclosure may be permanently installed in the base via a fastener, or removably installed in the base via a mating structure built into the base. 
     Unfortunately, the technique of installing the CD/DVD enclosure into the base leads to redundant features. That is, the drive components are disposed inside a double box, i.e., an enclosure inside an enclosure, and therefore they have double features that serve the same purpose, as for example, structural support, shielding, dust protection, and the like. While double protection may sound good, the double box tends to add unnecessary mass, volume, and expense to the portable computer. These are undesirable traits that go against the current trend to make the portable computer cheaper, thinner and lighter. The extra layer of material may also inhibit the dissipation of heat from the drive components, which can be a major source of heat in the portable computer. As should be appreciated, too much heat can lead to failures in the operation of the CD/DVD drive. 
     As is generally well known, the CD/DVD drive is not the only source of heat inside the base. Processor chips and other electronic components of the personal computers also generate significant amounts of heat in operation. Advances in processor speed and bus throughput have further compounded this problem. As such, the portable computer generally includes a system for transferring heat away from these various chips and electronic components. By way of example, a fan may be provided to thermally manage the internal components by forcing air through the base. Individual components, such as the processor chip, can also have a heat sink attached thereto for dissipating heat generated by the component. A heat sink is generally made of metal and includes a plurality of outward-extending fins. The metal fins are generally configured to remove heat from the processor chip by means of conduction, convection and radiation. In some cases, the processor chip may be cooled by a fan and heat sink combination. 
     While fans and heat sinks provide effective mechanisms for thermally managing many types of computer systems, the fan typically generates undesirable noise and requires an undesirable amount of power. Excess amounts of noise generally lead to user dissatisfaction, and excess amounts of power unduly draw upon the batteries of a portable computer making it unattractive for long periods of battery-operated use. As should be appreciated, larger fans that provide the greatest amount of cooling tend to produce a greater amount of noise, and use a greater amount of power. 
     In many instances it would be desirable to provide portable computers that are cost effective, thinner, lighter, stronger and aesthetically more pleasing than current portable computers. It would also be desirable to provide impact shock protection for sensitive components such as CD/DVD drives and/or LCD displays and a thermal management system that is superior to conventional fans and heat sinks. 
     SUMMARY 
     The invention relates, in one embodiment, to a computing device. The computing device includes an LCD display. The computing device further includes 
     an LCD housing configured to cover at least a portion of the LCD display. The computing device additionally includes a shock mount assembly configured to reduce impacts to the LCD display, and to position the LCD display relative to the LCD housing. The shock mount assembly includes a plurality of shock mounts, which are attached to the LCD display, and which rest in a portion of the LCD housing. 
     The invention relates, in another embodiment, to a portable computer. The portable computer includes a structural member configured to support the portable computer. The portable computer further includes an optical disk drive including drive components and structural components configured to support the drive components. The portable computer additionally includes a shock mount assembly configured to reduce impacts to the optical disk drive, and to position the optical disk drive relative to the structural member. The shock mount assembly includes a plurality of shock mounts, which are attached to the structural components of the optical disk drive, and which rest in a portion of the structural member. 
     The invention relates, in another embodiment, to a portable computer. The portable computer includes a base having casing and a chassis. The casing is configured to house various components that provide computing operations for the portable computer. The chassis is configured to support the casing. The casing and chassis has interior portions that define an enclosed region inside the base. The portable computer further includes an enclosureless optical disc drive having drive components and frame components configured to support the drive components. The enclosureless optical disc drive is disposed inside the enclosed region of the base. The enclosed region is arranged to surround a substantial portion of the enclosureless optical disc drive so as to shield the enclosureless optical disc drive from internal and external hazards. 
     The invention relates, in another embodiment, to a portable computer having an enclosure. The portable computer includes a structural member associated with the enclosure. The portable computer further includes a heat producing element disposed inside the enclosure. The portable computer additionally includes a heat exchanger configured to thermally couple the heat producing element to the structural member, whereby the heat from the heat producing element is spread throughout the structural member via the heat exchanger. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The invention may best be understood by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective diagram of a portable computer, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a broken away perspective diagram of a lid of a portable computer, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  is a front view, in cross section, of a lid of a portable computer, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 4  is a side elevation view, in cross section, of a shock mount used to support a display screen in a lid of a portable computer, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 5  is a broken away perspective diagram of a base of a portable computer, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 6  is a top view, with a removed section, of a base of a portable computer, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 7A-C  are a side elevation views, in cross section (taken along  7 - 7 ′ as indicated in  FIG. 6 ), of a shock mount assembly used to support a CD/DVD drive in a base of a portable computer, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 8  is a side elevation view, in cross section (taken along  8 - 8 ′ as indicated in  FIG. 6 ), of a heat transfer system housed with a base of a portable computer, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 9A-C  are simplified side elevation views, in cross section, of a heat transfer system housed with a base of a portable computer, in accordance with alternate embodiments of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The invention generally pertains to a computing device. More particularly, the invention pertains to arrangements for protecting key components of the computing device. One aspect of the invention pertains to shock mount arrangements that provide impact absorption to sensitive components. In one embodiment, a shock mount assembly is used to support a LCD display. In another embodiment, a shock mount assembly is used to support an optical disk drive such as a CD/DVD drive. Another aspect of the invention pertains to an enclosureless optical disk drive such as an enclosureless CD/DVD drive. By enclosureless, it is meant that the optical disk drive does not include its own housing. In one embodiment, the enclosure and other structures of the computing device are used to house an enclosureless optical disk drive. Another aspect of the invention pertains to a heat transfer system that removes heat from a heat producing element of the computing device. In one embodiment, the heat transfer system is configured to thermally couple a heat producing element to a structural member of the computing device so as to sink heat through the structural member, which generally has a large surface area for dissipating the heat. By way of example, the heat producing element may be an integrated circuit such as a processor chip and the structural member may be a frame, a chassis, a casing and/or the like. The invention is particularly useful in computing devices such as portable computers (e.g., laptops, notebooks). 
     Embodiments of the invention are discussed below with reference to  FIGS. 1-9 . However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the detailed description given herein with respect to these figures is for explanatory purposes as the invention extends beyond these limited embodiments. 
       FIG. 1  is a perspective diagram of a portable computer  100 , in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. The portable computer  100  generally includes a base  102  and a lid  104 . The base  102  is configured to enclose various integrated circuit chips and other circuitry that provide computing operations for the portable computer  100 . By way of example, the integrated circuit chips and other circuitry may include a microprocessor, Read-Only Memory (ROM), Random-Access Memory (RAM), a disk drive(s), a battery, and various input/output support devices. The base  102  is also configured to enclose various structural members for supporting the base  102 . For example, the structural members may include ribs, bars, frames and the like. 
     The internal components of the base  102  are generally surrounded at a peripheral region by a top case  103  and a bottom case  105  that serve to support the internal components in their assembled position within the base  102 . In some instances, the integrated circuit chips and other circuitry may generate unwanted electrical emissions (EMI), and therefore, the top and bottom cases  103  and  105 , may be configured to contain electronic emissions therein. By way of example, the inner surfaces of the top and bottom cases may be formed from a suitable shielding material, i.e., a conductive material and/or a non-conductive material coated with a conductive material. In other instances, the integrated circuit chips and other circuitry may generate undesirable heat, and therefore, the top case  103  and a bottom case  105 , may be configured to disperse the heat. By way of example, the top case  103  may include a vent structure  111  that is part of a heat removal system housed within the base  102 . In one embodiment, the top case  103  is integrated with a heat transfer system that is arranged to transfer heat away from a heat producing element through portions of the top case  103 . This embodiment will be described in greater detail below. 
     The base  102  is also arranged to hold a plurality of input devices such as a keyboard  106 , a track pad  107  and button(s)  108 . The keyboard  106 , which includes a plurality of keys, allows a user of the portable computer  100  to enter alphanumeric data. The track pad  107  allows a user to move an input pointer on a graphical user interface. Button(s)  108  allows a user to make a selection on the graphical user interface. As shown, the track pad  107  and button(s)  108  are located in a front portion (or palm rest) of the base  102 , and the keyboard  106  is located in a back portion of the base  102 . 
     In one embodiment, the keyboard  106  is arranged to be a modular unit that is movable relative to the base  102 . That is, the keyboard  106  is movable such that it can be coupled to and/or de-coupled from the base  102 . In one implementation, the movable keyboard is arranged to act as a trap door that covers an opening in the base. The opening allows user access to various internal components enclosed inside the base. As such, the keyboard  106  is adapted to move between a mounting condition, which secures the keyboard to the base and which prevents access through the opening, and a removal condition, which enables removal of the keyboard from the base and which allows access through the opening. By way of example, a movable keyboard system, which may be used in the portable computer  100 , may be found in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/405,552, filed on Sep. 24, 1999, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/755,625, filed on Jan. 4, 2001, both of which are herein incorporated by reference. 
     The base  102  is also arranged to hold a disk drive for performing various functions related to the portable computer. By way of example, the disk drive may be an optical disc drive configured to work with optical discs such as CD&#39;s (e.g., CD, CDR, CD-RW, Video CD), DVD&#39;s (e.g., DVD, DVD-audio, DVD-video, DVD-RW), mini-discs, magneto-optical discs and the like. In the illustrated embodiment, the disk drive is a slot loaded CD/DVD drive. By slot loaded, it is meant that the CD or DVD is inserted directly into the drive rather than by an external retractable tray that moves in and out of the drive. As such, the base  102  generally includes a disk opening  109  that allows a disk  110  to be placed in the disk drive housed within the base  102 . In most cases, the disk drive opening  109  is located in a front portion (or palm rest) of the base  102 . By way of example, the slot loaded CD/DVD drive may include an internal lock and release mechanism for holding the inserted CD or DVD disc, an internal conveying roller for conveying the CD or DVD disc, an internal CD/DVD detector for detecting the presence of a CD or DVD disc in the disk opening  109 , and a controller for actuating the conveying roller to load the CD or DVD disc when the CD/DVD detector detects the CD or DVD disc present in the disk opening  109 . It should be noted, however, that the present invention is not limited by a slot loaded CD/DVD drive and that other types of disc drives may be used, i.e., standard CD or DVD drives having trays, other optical disk drives and/or floppy disc drives. 
     In one embodiment, the CD/DVD drive is an enclosureless CD/DVD drive having only a skeletal support structure for holding the drive components of the CD/DVD drive. In another embodiment, the CD/DVD drive is shock mounted relative to the base so as to absorb shocks thereto. These embodiments will be described in greater detail below. 
     Referring now to the lid  104 , the lid  104  is pivotally coupled to the base  102  via a hinge mechanism  112 . As such, the lid  104  may rotate into an open position (as shown) or a closed position (not shown) relative to the base  102 . The hinge mechanism  112  is generally configured to hold the lid  104  relative to the base  102 . In one implementation, the hinge mechanism  112  includes a spring element configured for continuously exerting a biasing force on the lid  104  in a direction away from the base  102 . In another implementation, the hinge mechanism  112  includes a clutch or cam device configured for exerting a frictional force on the lid  104  so as to maintain the position of the lid  104  when the lid  104  is moved to a desired open position. 
     The lid  104  generally contains a liquid crystal display (LCD)  114  that is used to display the graphical user interface (including perhaps a pointer or cursor) as well as other information to the user. The LCD display  114  is surrounded at a peripheral region by a bezel  116  and a LCD housing  118  that serves to support the LCD display  114  in its assembled position within the lid  104 . The bezel  116  and housing  118  may also serve to reduce electronic emissions emanating from within the lid  104 . As should be appreciated, the LCD display  114  is visible to a user of the portable computer  100  when the lid  104  is in the open position and no longer visible to the user when the lid  104  is in a closed position. In one embodiment, the LCD display  114  is shock mounted relative to the lid  104  so as to absorb shocks thereto. This embodiment will be described in greater detail below. 
       FIG. 2  is a broken away perspective diagram of the lid  104  including the LCD display  114 , bezel  116  and LCD housing  118 , in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The bezel  116  and a LCD housing  118  are configured for enclosing the LCD display  114  therebetween so as to surround the peripheral regions of the LCD display  114 . In the illustrated embodiment, the bezel  116  includes a front cover  132  that is positioned in front of the LCD display  114  and a bezel wall  134  that is positioned around the perimeter of the LCD display  114 , and the LCD housing  118  includes a back cover  136  that is positioned behind the back of the LCD display  114  and a housing wall  138  that is positioned around the perimeter of the LCD display  114 . The front cover  132  typically includes an opening  140  for allowing a user to see the screen of the LCD display  114 , and the back cover  136  typically protects the backside of the LCD display  114  from impacts. In general, the LCD display  114  is mechanically attached to the LCD housing  118 , and the bezel  116  is structurally attached to the LCD display  114 . By way of example, the LCD housing may be attached to the LCD display via a plurality of screws, and the bezel may be attached to the LCD display via glue. 
     In their assembled condition (as shown in  FIG. 1 ), the bezel  116  and LCD housing  118  are arranged to form a box like structure that encloses the LCD display  114  (except for the opening  140 ). In the illustrated embodiment ( FIG. 2 ), the bezel wall  134  extends perpendicularly from the periphery of the front cover  132 , and the housing wall  138  extends perpendicularly from the periphery of the back cover  136 . The shape of the bezel wall  134  generally coincides with the shape of the housing wall  138  so that a top surface  142  of the housing wall  138  abuts to a bottom surface  144  of the bezel wall  134  when the lid is assembled together. In most cases, the two walls form an enclosure without gaps therebetween. In some instances, the LCD housing  118  provides a greater amount of support to the LCD display  114  and thus the housing wall  138  is configured to be wider than the bezel wall  134 . It should be noted, however, that this is not a limitation and that the lengths of the walls may vary according to each enclosure design. Furthermore, when mated, the combined walls create an inner wall that has substantially the same length as the width of the LCD display  114 , and an outer wall that is substantially flush or planar, i.e., no lips. 
     Although not shown, the LCD housing  118  generally includes a housing plate and a housing frame, and the bezel  116  generally includes a bezel plate and a bezel frame. The frames are arranged to structurally support the plates. In one implementation, the plates are formed from a sheet metal such as titanium, and the frames are formed from a plastic material such carbon fiber plastic. The frames are generally arranged to surround the perimeter of the plates, i.e., they may form a portion of the walls. In one implementation, the frames are structurally attached to the plates via a structural glue so as to form a singular composite structure, as for example, the LCD housing  118  and the bezel  116 . By way of example, techniques for gluing a frame to a plate may be found in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/821,784 entitled “COMPUTER ENCLOSURE,”, filed on Mar. 28, 2001, which is herein incorporated by reference. 
     To elaborate further, the LCD display  114  is configured for placement between the bezel  116  and the LCD housing  118 . The LCD panel  114  generally includes an LCD panel  146  and an LCD frame  148 . The LCD panel  146  is conventional and well known in the art. For example, the LCD panel  146  typically consists of glass substrates with transparent electrodes, a liquid crystal material placed in a gap formed between the electrodes and sophisticated driving circuitry for energizing selected segments of the LCD to create the desired image. On the other hand, the LCD frame  148  is configured to provide structurally support to the LCD panel  146 . In the illustrated embodiment, the LCD frame  148  surrounds the periphery of the LCD panel  146 , and therefore the LCD frame  148  defines a peripheral side portion  149  of the LCD display  114 . In one implementation, the LCD frame  148  is formed from suitable material such as stainless steel and structurally attached to the LCD panel  146  via a structural adhesive. 
     Still referring to  FIG. 2 , the housing wall  138  is arranged to receive the LCD frame  148  when the LCD panel  114  is placed within the LCD housing  118 . By way of example, the inner periphery of the housing wall  138  typically coincides with the outer periphery of the LCD frame  148 . Similarly, the bezel wall  134  is also arranged to receive the LCD frame  148  when the LCD panel  114  is placed within the bezel  116 . By way of example, the inner periphery of the bezel wall  134  typically coincides with the outer periphery of the LCD frame  148 . A gap may be provided between the housing wall and the LCD frame, as well as between the bezel wall and LCD frame to provide some space for attachment. Furthermore, for cosmetic reasons, the front cover  132  is configured to cover the interface of the LCD panel  146  and the LCD frame  148 . 
     In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, the LCD display  114  is shock mounted to the LCD housing  118  in order to protect the LCD display  114  from forces that may be induced on the portable computer  100 . By shock mounted, it is meant that the LCD display  114  is held in a substantially fixed position while absorbing shocks thereto. As mentioned, the LCD display  114  is a fragile component of the portable computer  100 . As such, it is very important to protect the LCD display  114  from forces, which may distort, stress or break the LCD display  114 . By way of example, the forces may be due to impacts on the LCD housing  118  during transportation of the portable computer  100 . A shock mount assembly is thus provided to hold the LCD display  114  and to absorb forces acting on the display so as to reduce stresses on the LCD display  114 . In general, the shock mount assembly allows the LCD display  114  to float relative to the LCD housing  118 , and cushions the movements of the floating LCD display  114 , i.e., the assembly prevents the LCD display  114  from running into an adjacent surface such as the LCD housing  118 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 2-4 , a shock mount assembly  150  is arranged to support the LCD display  114  relative to the LCD housing  118 . Broadly, the shock mount assembly  150  allows the display  114  to transfer a load into the most structural sound place in the lid  104 , i.e., the LCD housing  118 . More particularly, the shock mount assembly  150  provides a non-hysteretic way of supporting the LCD display  114  relative to the LCD housing  118 . By non-hysteretic, it is meant, for example, that the shock mount assembly  150  may be altered by an external force while having the ability to return to its original non-altered configuration when the altering force is removed. Accordingly, the LCD display  114  is held in manner that does not distort the LCD display  114 . That is, the LCD display  114  is moved (albeit limited) without causing distortions thereto. 
     To elaborate further, the shock mount assembly  150  includes a plurality of compliant shock mounts  152  that are structurally attached to the LCD display  114  and cooperatively attached to the LCD housing  118 . The compliant shock mounts  152  are generally arranged to restrain the display  114  in the X, Y and Z directions. The compliant shock mounts  152  are disposed between the inner periphery of the housing wall  138  and the outer periphery of the LCD display  114 . By placing the compliant shock mounts  152  between the display and the housing wall, the shock mounts  152  can compress to compensate for undesirable forces inflicted on the display. That is, the compliant shock mounts are arranged to decelerate the floating LCD display (if it decelerates too fast it can be damaged). By way of example, the shock mounts  152  tend to compress in the X direction when the display  114  floats towards the sides of the housing wall  138 , in the Y direction when the display  114  floats towards the top or bottom of the housing wall  138 , and in the Z direction (into and out of the page in  FIG. 3 ) when the display  114  floats towards the front cover  132  or back cover  136 . Again, the shock mounts  152  are non-hysteretic, and therefore, they bend back to their original position when the force is removed. 
     Described another way, the shock mounts  152  hold the LCD display  114  in space in 6 degrees of freedom, while allowing the display some freedom to move in order to transfer energy away from the fragile display. The concept of DOF (degrees of freedom) refers to the number of independent coordinates required to define its position. As is generally well known, a rigid body in three dimensions has six degrees of freedom. For example, 3 linear positions, e.g., represented by points along the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis, and 3 rotational positions represented by the angles θ x , θ y  and θ z , which are the rotational positions of the rigid body about the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis respectively. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 2 &amp; 3 , the shock mount assembly  150  generally includes multiple (e.g., four) shock mounts  152  that are spaced apart along the outer periphery of the display  114 . The multiple shock mounts  152  work together to provide both linear and rotational rigidity while allowing the display  114  the ability to transfer its energy thereto. In most cases, the shock mount assembly  150  includes a pair of spaced apart compliant shock mounts  152  that are disposed on opposing sides of the display  114  to provide DOF rigidity. In the illustrated embodiment, a first set of shock mounts  152 A are attached to a first side  153  of the LCD display  114 , and a second set of shock mounts  152 B are attached to a second side  154  of the LCD display  114 . The first side  153  is positioned opposite the second side  154 . When placed in these positions, the compliant shock mounts  152  are oriented parallel to both the top and bottom of the display  114 . As should be appreciated, placing the shock mounts  152  on the side of the display  114  is easier than on the top and bottom of the display  114  because of the hinge mechanism that is typically located on the bottom of the display  114 . It should be appreciated, however, that this is not a limitation and that the position and orientation of the shock mounts  152  may vary according to the specific design of each assembly. It should also be appreciated that using four shock mounts is not a limitation and that more or less may be used so long as they provide DOF rigidity. 
     Referring to  FIG. 4 , the shock mounts  152  will be described in greater detail. As shown, the shock mount  152  is disposed between the housing wall  138  and the LCD frame  148 . The shock mount  152  generally includes two elements—a longitudinal compliant member or grommet  155 , and a longitudinal fastening device  156 . The compliant member  155  includes a first segment or collar  157  and a second segment  158 . The outer periphery of the first segment  157  is larger than the outer periphery of the second segment  158 . The first segment  157  is disposed between the LCD frame  148  and the housing wall  138  and the second segment  158  is disposed inside a mounting hole  160  in the housing wall  138 . 
     Broadly, the first segment  157  fills a gap  161  formed between the LCD frame  148  and housing wall  138 , and the second segment  158  fills the space formed by the mounting hole  160 . More specifically, a distal end  162  of the first segment  157  abuts to the peripheral side portion  149  of the LCD frame  148  and a proximal end  163  of the first segment  157  abuts to an inner side  164  of the housing wall  138 . In addition, an outer periphery  165  of the second segment  158  abuts to an inner periphery  166  of the mounting hole  160  of housing wall  138 . In most cases, the LCD display  114  is not structurally fixed to the LCD housing  118 , but rather rests inside the LCD housing  118 , i.e., the LCD housing  118  supports the shock mount  152 , and thus the LCD display  114 . It is generally desirable to have the segments  157 ,  158  tightly held (but not too tight) by the adjacent surfaces  149 ,  164 ,  166 . 
     The shock mount  152  also includes a through hole  167  for receiving the fastening device  156 . As shown, the through hole  167  extends through the shock mount  152 . The fastening device  156  includes a first portion  168  that is adapted to mate with the through hole  167  and a second portion  169  that is adapted to mate with the LCD frame  148 . In the illustrated embodiment, the fastening device  156  is a screw that is threadably coupled to the LCD frame  148 , i.e., the second portion  169  represents a threaded element for coupling to a threaded receiving element positioned on the LCD frame  148 . In addition, the first portion  168  is sized to snugly fit inside the through hole  167 , i.e., the outer periphery of the first portion abuts to the inner periphery of the through hole. As such, the first portion  168 , which is fixed to the LCD display, is going to hit the compliant member  155  and compress it whenever a force causes the display to move. 
     In most cases, the compliant member  155  is formed from a suitable complaint material such as an elastomer (sufficiently rigid but pliable), and the fastening device  156  is formed from a suitable rigid material such as steel. It should be understood, however, that these materials are not a limitation and that other suitable materials may be used. For example, the compliant member may be formed from rubber, silicone, soft plastics and the like. 
       FIG. 5  is a broken away perspective diagram of the base  102  including the top case  103  and the bottom case  105 , in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. As shown, the top case  103  generally includes a top plate  170  and a top frame  172 , and the bottom case  105  generally includes a bottom plate  174  and a bottom frame  176 . The top frame  172  is arranged to structurally support the periphery of the top plate  170  while the bottom frame  176  is arranged to structurally support the periphery of the bottom plate  174 . In the illustrated embodiment, the top and bottom plates  170 ,  174  are formed from a suitable shielding material and the top and bottom frames  172 ,  176  are formed from a suitable plastic material. By way of example, the top and bottom plates  170 ,  174  may be formed from titanium sheet metal and the top and bottom frames  172 ,  176  may be formed from a carbon fiber filled plastic. As should be appreciated, titanium sheet metal provides great electronic shielding while increasing the strength and reducing the weight of the portable computer  100  (e.g., titanium is stronger than steel, but lighter than aluminum). In addition, carbon fiber plastic provides a rigid structure that is both strong and light. Moreover, both titanium and carbon fiber plastic are thermally conductive. In one embodiment, the inner surfaces of the frames  172 ,  176  are selectively coated with a conductive layer so as to shield the remaining portions of the base  102 . By way of example, the inner surfaces of the frames  172 ,  176  may be selectively plated with a Nickel or Nickel-Copper material. 
     It should be noted that the above elements are not a limitation and that they may vary according to the specific needs of each enclosure. For example, steel sheet metal may be used to form the top and bottom plates, and the top and bottom frames may be formed from other materials including polycarbonate. Moreover, the conductive layer may be applied by coating, painting, depositing and/or the like. Additionally, the conductive layer may be formed from other suitable materials or coatings such as silver. As should be appreciated, the thickness of the conductive layer may vary (larger or smaller) according to the type of material used and the method for applying the material. 
     During assembly, the top plate  170  is structurally bonded to the top frame  172  and the bottom plate  174  is structurally bonded to the bottom frame  176 . In one embodiment, an adhesive is used to attach the top frame  172  to the top plate  170  and to attach the bottom frame  176  to the bottom plate  174  so as to form a singular composite top case  103  and a singular composite bottom case  105 . In one implementation, the adhesive is a glue that is compliant when dispensed and then cures to a rigid structure over time. The glue is preferably configured to exhibit good strength characteristics and good adhesion between the top frame  172  and the top plate  170  and between the bottom frame  176  and the bottom plate  174 . The glue is also configured to reduce tolerance variability in the overall geometry of the top and bottom cases  103 ,  105 . 
     In addition, the top plate  170  is electrically bonded to the top frame  172  and the bottom plate  174  is electrically bonded to the bottom frame  176 . In one embodiment, a conductive paste is used to attach the top frame  172  to the top plate  170  and to attach the bottom frame  176  to the bottom plate  174  so as to electrically seal the interfaces therebetween. The conductive paste preferably exhibits good electrical characteristics and good adhesion between the conductive layer disposed on the inner surfaces of the frames and the top and bottom plates  170 ,  174 . Like the glue, the conductive paste generally has two states—a compliant state and a rigid state. By way of example, techniques for structurally and electrically gluing a frame to a plate may be found in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/821,784 entitled “COMPUTER ENCLOSURE,”, filed on Mar. 28, 2001, which is herein incorporated by reference. 
     To elaborate further, the top plate  170  is configured for placement within the top frame  172 . The top frame  172  includes a plate opening  180  for receiving a raised portion  182  of the top plate  170 , and a flange portion  184  for receiving a first recessed portion  186  of the top plate  170 . For example, the shape of the plate opening  180  typically coincides with the shape of the raised portion  182 . In one embodiment, the opening  180  has an inner peripheral surface  181  that is configured to substantially mate with an outer peripheral surface  183  of the raised portion  182  when the raised portion  182  is placed within the opening  180 . In another embodiment, a top surface  188  of the top plate  170  is configured to be flush with a top surface  190  of the top frame  172  when the raised portion  182  of the top plate  170  is placed within the plate opening  180  of the top frame  172  (as shown in  FIG. 1 ). 
     The top frame  172  also includes a wall portion  192  that extends below the flange portion  184 . As shown, the outer periphery  193  of the wall portion  192  makes up a portion of the exterior of the base  102  while the inner periphery  194  of the wall portion  192  is configured to surround the outer periphery  195  of the recessed portion  186  when the top plate  170  is placed within the top frame  172 . The wall portion  192  includes various openings for providing access to components of the portable computer  100 . For example, a front of the top frame  172  generally includes a drive opening  109  for allowing access to a disk drive such as a floppy, zip, CD or DVD drive, and the sides of the top frame  172  generally include vent structures  111  for allowing the passage of air. 
     Further still, the raised portion  182  includes a keyboard opening  196  and a track pad opening  198 . The keyboard opening  196  is adapted for receiving the movable keyboard  106 , and the track pad opening  198  is adapted for receiving the stationary track pad  108  and button(s)  110 . As mentioned, the keyboard opening  196  is arranged to allow access to various internal components of the portable computer  100  when the movable keyboard  106  is moved away from the opening  196 . By way of example, the opening  196  may allow an operator of the portable computer  100  to upgrade internal components such as a modem, memory, hard drive and/or the like. 
     The movable keyboard  106  generally includes a base plate  200 , which is arranged to support a plurality of keys, and which is configured for placement within the opening  196 . For example, the shape of the opening  196  typically coincides with the shape of the base plate  200 . In one embodiment, the opening  196  has an inner periphery  202  that is configured to mate with an outer periphery  204  of the base plate  200  when the keyboard  106  is placed within the opening  196 . The top plate  170  also includes a recessed lip  206  for supporting a bottom edge of the base plate  200  when the movable keyboard  106  is placed within the opening  196 . As shown, the lip  206  extends into the opening  196  past the inner periphery  202  of the opening. In most cases, the recessed lip  206  is configured to position a top surface of the base plate  200  substantially flush with a top surface of the base  102  (as shown in  FIG. 1 ). 
     To elaborate even further, the bottom frame  176  is configured for placement within the bottom plate  174 . The bottom plate  174  includes a bottom surface  210  and a bottom plate wall  212  extending upwards therefrom. The bottom surface  210  is arranged for receiving a flange portion  214  of the bottom frame  176 , and the bottom plate wall  212  is arranged for receiving a bottom frame wall  216  extending upwards from the flange portion  214 . The outer periphery of the bottom frame wall  216  is arranged to substantially coincide with the inner periphery of the bottom plate wall  212 . Furthermore, a top surface  222  of the bottom plate wall  212  is configured to extend above the top surface  224  of the bottom frame wall  216  when the bottom frame  176  is attached to the bottom plate  174 . 
     In their assembled condition (as shown in  FIG. 1 ), the top and bottom cases  103 ,  105  are arranged to electrically and mechanically couple to one another so as to form a box like structure (e.g., base  102 ) that encloses various internal components. In most cases, for example, the top and bottom cases  103 ,  105  are adapted for engagement and coupled to one another via a fastening device. In one embodiment, the peripheral edges of the top case are adapted to mechanically and electrically engage the peripheral edges of the bottom case, and a plurality of screws are used to hold the two cases  103 ,  105  together. In the illustrated embodiment, the top surface  224  of the bottom frame wall  216  is arranged to interface with a bottom surface  226  of the top frame wall  192 , and an inner edge  228  of the bottom plate wall  212  is arranged to interface with an outer portion  230  of the top frame wall  192 . By way of example, the top surface  224  of the bottom frame wall  216  may include a slot for receiving a hook disposed on the bottom surface  226  of the top frame wall  192 . When mated, the combined walls  212 ,  230  preferably form an outer wall that is substantially flush or planar, i.e., no lips. 
     As shown in  FIG. 5 , the internal components, which are enclosed by the top case and bottom cases  103 ,  105 , may include a CD/DVD drive  232 , a printed circuit board  234 , a heat transfer system  236 , and a rib chassis  238 . It should be understood, however, that these components are not a limitation, and are only shown to simplify discussion and to further describe various embodiments of the invention. The CD/DVD drive  232  is configured for accepting a CD or DVD disc onto which data can be stored or retrieved. The printed circuit board  234  (e.g., motherboard) is configured for carrying a plurality of integrated circuits associated with operating the portable computer. The heat transfer system  236 , which is attached to the printed circuit board  234 , is configured for cooling the integrated circuits and other electronic components. The rib chassis  238  is configured for supporting the base  102  and some internal components housed within the base  102 . The components  232 - 238  are generally disposed between the top case  103  and the bottom case  105 , and more particularly between the top and bottom frames  172 ,  176  and the top and bottom plates  170 ,  176 . For example, the top frame  172  and bottom plate and frame  174 ,  176  provide walls for surrounding the components  232 - 238 , and the top plate  170  and bottom plate  174  provide surfaces for covering the components  232 - 238 . 
     The rib chassis  238  generally includes a plurality of ribs  240  that are attached to the base  102 . For example, the ribs  240  may be attached to the top case  103  and bottom case  105  via a plurality of screws, slots and/or adhesives. In most cases, the ribs  240  extend in multiple directions so as to support the base  102  and to define open areas inside the base  102  for placement of the internal components. By way of example, the ribs  240  may define a modem area, a PC card area, a RAM area, a heat transfer system area, a CD/DVD drive area, and/or the like. The rib chassis  238  may also serve to reduce electronic emissions emanating from within each of these areas. For example, the rib chassis may be formed from a carbon fiber plastic and have a conductive layer applied thereto. The printed circuit board  234  is typically attached to the rib chassis  238 . By way of example, the printed circuit board  234  may be attached to the ribs  240  via a plurality of screws, slots and/or adhesives. The CD/DVD drive  232  is generally attached to the base  102  and the rib chassis  238 . As shown, the printed circuit board  234  includes a cut out portion for allowing the CD/DVD drive  232  to be placed between the ribs  240  of the rib chassis  238  and the walls  192  of the top frame  172  so as to cooperatively position the CD/DVD drive  232  relative to the opening  109 . 
     In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, an enclosureless CD/DVD drive is installed into the base. By enclosureless, it is meant that the CD/DVD drive does not include its own housing and thus it is thinner, lighter and cheaper than conventional CD/DVD drives. Although a housing is not included, the enclosureless CD/DVD drive does include drive components and frame components. The drive components typically consist of a laser, light sensing diode, and a spindle motor, and the frame components typically consist of structural members that support the drive components. The frame components typically take the form of a skeletal system and therefore there are many openings surrounding the drive components. Unfortunately, these openings allow the passage of undesirable electronic emissions and unwanted loose particles (dust). Portions of the base are thus configured to house the enclosureless CD/DVD drive. For instance, portions of the top case, bottom case, and rib chassis may be configured to form a CD/DVD drive housing inside the base that can shield the enclosureless CD/DVD drive from internal and external hazards. That is, the top case, bottom case, and rib chassis may form an enclosed region that surrounds a substantial portion of the enclosureless CD/DVD drive. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 5-7 , an enclosureless CD/DVD drive  232  is housed within the base  102 . More particularly, the top case  103 , bottom case  105  and rib chassis  238  are configured for enclosing the enclosureless CD/DVD drive  232  therebetween so as to surround the peripheral regions of the drive  232 . In the illustrated embodiments, the internal enclosure  242  includes a first side wall  242 A for covering a first side  244  of the drive  232 , a second side wall  242 B for covering a second side  246  of the drive  232 , a front wall  242 C for covering a front side of the drive  232 , a back wall  242 D for covering a back side of the drive  232 , a top wall  242 E for covering a top side of the drive  232 , and a bottom wall  242 F for covering a bottom side of the drive  232 . As should be appreciated, the first side wall  242 A is formed by a combination of the top frame wall  192 ′ and the bottom frame wall  216 ′, the second side wall  242 B is formed by a first rib  240 A, the front wall  242 C is formed by a combination of the top frame wall  192 ″ and the bottom frame wall  216 ″, the back side wall  242 D is formed by a second rib  240 B, the top wall  242 E is formed by the top plate  170  (removed portion in  FIG. 6 ), and the bottom wall  242 F is formed by the bottom plate  174 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 6 , the first side wall  242 A and the front wall  242 C are a continuous section of the top and bottom frame walls  192 / 216 , and the second side wall  242 B and the back side wall  242 D are a continuous section of the rib chassis  238 . The rib  240 A is configured to abut to the top and bottom frame walls  192 / 216 ″ to seal the interface between front wall  242 C and the second side wall  242 B, and the rib  240 B is configured to abut to the top and bottom frame walls  192 / 216 ′ to seal the interface between the back wall  242 D and the first side wall  242 A. As shown in  FIG. 7 , the top plate  170  is configured to abut to the top surface of the top frame wall  192  and the rib  240 A to seal the interface between the walls  242 A-D and the top wall  242 E, and the bottom plate  174  is configured to abut to the bottom surface of the bottom frame wall  216  and the rib  240 A to seal the interface between the walls  242 A-D and the bottom wall  242 F. Accordingly, all of the sides of the enclosureless CD/DVD drive  232  are enclosed when the enclosureless CD/DVD drive  232  is assembled inside the base  102 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 5-7 , the enclosureless CD/DVD drive  232  is configured for placement within the base  102  and more particularly between portions of the top case  103 , bottom case  105  and rib chassis  238 . The enclosureless CD/DVD drive  232  generally includes a base member  250  and a top cover  252 . The base member  250  is configured for structurally supporting the sensitive components of the drive  232  and the top cover  252  is configured for covering the sensitive components of the drive  232 . By way of example, the cover  252  may be arranged to block the passage of light emanating from the laser of the drive. The base member  250  generally includes a base portion  254  and side portions  256  extending therefrom. The side portions  256  include a flange portion  258  for receiving the bottom surface of the cover  252 . In some cases, the flange portions  258  include a threaded receptacle for receiving a screw so as to attach the cover  252  to the base member  250 . Although the base member  250  and cover  252  surround the periphery of the drive components, the combination of the base member  250  and cover  252  leaves a plurality of openings therebetween. This is generally done to reduce the overall weight of the drive  232 . In one embodiment (as shown in  FIG. 5 ), the cover  252  includes an extension  252 A for covering the moving laser underneath (typically this is not done because conventional drives have an enclosure that already serves this function). As should be appreciated, it is generally desirable to block laser light from emanating outside the drive so as to meet computer standards. In one implementation, the base member  250  is formed from suitable material such as stainless steel and the cover  252  is formed from a suitable material such as aluminum. 
     In one embodiment (as shown in  FIGS. 5 &amp; 6 ), a thin flexible sheath  259  may be used to surround at least a portion of the enclosureless CD/DVD drive  232  to further prevent dust and loose particles from reaching the drive components of the enclosureless CD/DVD drive  232 . For instance, there may be portions of the internal enclosure  242  that are left unsealed and therefore unwanted particles may enter therethrough. By way of example, a portion of the CD/DVD drive  232  may extend into the region below the keyboard opening  196 . As such, when the keyboard  106  is removed, an open pathway to the enclosureless CD/DVD drive  232  may exist. Therefore, in one implementation, the flexible sheath  259  is configured to cover portions of the enclosureless CD/DVD drive  232  that are left exposed. For example, referring to  FIG. 6 , the flexible sheath  259  may be configured to extend to a point beyond an edge  260  of the keyboard opening  196  so as to prevent particles from reaching the enclosureless CD/DVD drive  232 . The flexible sheath  259  is generally sized to fit over the base member  250 , cover  252  and side portions  256  of the drive  232  so as to cover exposed parts of the sides, top, bottom and backside of the drive  232 . The thin flexible sheath may be formed from a suitable material such as mylar. It should be noted, however, that this is not a limitation and that other materials may be used. 
     In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, the CD/DVD drive  232  is shock mounted to the structural members associated with the base  102  in order to protect the CD/DVD drive  232  from forces that may be induced on the portable computer  100 . By shock mounted, it is meant that the CD/DVD drive  232  is held in a fixed position while absorbing shocks thereto. As mentioned, the CD/DVD drive  232  is a fragile component of the portable computer  100 . As such, it is very important to protect the CD/DVD drive  232  from forces, which may distort, stress or break the sensitive components of the CD/DVD drive  232 . By way of example, the forces may be due to impacts on the base  102  during transportation of the portable computer  100 . A shock mount assembly is thus provided to hold the CD/DVD drive  232  and to absorb forces acting on the drive  232  so as to reduce stresses on the CD/DVD drive  232 . In general, the shock mount assembly allows the CD/DVD drive  232  to float relative to the base  102 , and cushions the movements of the floating CD/DVD drive  232 , i.e., the assembly prevents the drive  232  from running into an adjacent surface such as the top/bottom cases  103 ,  105  and rib chassis  238 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 5-7 , a shock mount assembly  261  is arranged to support the CD/DVD drive  232  relative to the base  102 . Broadly, the shock mount assembly allows the drive to transfer a load into the most structural sound place in the base, i.e., the top case, bottom case and rib chassis. More particularly, the shock mount assembly  261  provides a non-hysteretic way of supporting the CD/DVD drive  232  relative to the structural components of the base  102 , i.e., the rib chassis  238  and the top frame wall  192 . By non-hysteretic, it is meant, for example, that the shock mount assembly  261  may be altered by an external force while having the ability to return to its original non-altered configuration when the altering force is removed. By way of example, the external force may be caused by an impact to the top or bottom cases  103 ,  105 . Accordingly, the CD/DVD drive  232  is held in manner that does not distort the CD/DVD drive  232 . That is, the CD/DVD drive  232  is moved (albeit limited) without causing distortions. 
     To elaborate further, the shock mount assembly  261  includes a plurality of compliant shock mounts  262  that are structurally attached to the CD/DVD drive  232  and cooperatively attached to both the rib  240 A and the top and bottom frame walls  192 ′/ 216 ′. The compliant shock mounts  262  are generally arranged to restrain the drive  232  in the X, Y and Z directions. The compliant shock mounts  262  are disposed between the inner periphery of the top frame wall  192 ′ and the outer periphery of the CD/DVD drive  232  as well as between the inner periphery of the rib  240 A and the outer periphery of the CD/DVD drive  232 . By placing the compliant shock mounts  262  between the drive and the top frame wall and rib, the shock mounts  262  can compress to compensate for undesirable forces inflicted on the drive. That is, the compliant shock mount are arranged to decelerate the floating CD/DVD drive  232  (if it accelerates too fast it can be damaged). By way of example, the shock mounts  262  tend to compress in the X direction when the drive  232  floats towards the rib  240 A or top frame wall  192 ′, in the Y direction when the drive  232  floats towards the rib  240 B or top frame wall  192 ″, and in the Z direction when the drive  232  floats towards the bottom plate  174  or top plate  170 . Again, the shock mounts  262  are non-hysteretic, and therefore, they bend back to their original position when the force is removed. 
     Described another way, the shock mounts  262  hold the CD/DVD drive  232  in space in 6 degrees of freedom, while allowing the display some freedom to move in order to transfer energy away from the sensitive components of the drive. As previously mentioned, DOF (degrees of freedom) refers to the number of independent coordinates required to define its position. As is generally well known, a rigid body in three dimensions has six degrees of freedom. For example, 3 linear positions, e.g., represented by points along the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis, and 3 rotational positions represented by the angles θ x , θ y  and θ z , which are the rotational positions of the rigid body about the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis respectively. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 5-7 , the shock mount assembly  261  generally includes multiple (e.g., four) shock mounts  262  that are spaced apart along the outer periphery of the drive  232 . The multiple shock mounts  262  work together to provide both linear and rotational rigidity while allowing the drive  232  the ability to transfer its energy thereto. In most cases, the shock mount assembly  261  includes a pair of spaced apart compliant shock mounts  262  that are disposed on opposing sides of the drive  232  to provide DOF rigidity. In the illustrated embodiment, a first set of shock mounts  262 A are attached to a first side  266  (or A side) of the drive  232 , and a second set of shock mounts  262 B are attached to a second side  268  (or B side) of the drive  232 . The first side  266  is positioned opposite the second side  268 . When placed in these positions, the compliant shock mounts  262  are oriented parallel to both the front and back of the drive  232 . As should be appreciated, placing the shock mounts  262  on the side of the drive  232  is easier than on the front and back of the drive  232  because of the opening  109  required to accept the CD/DVD disc. It should be appreciated, however, that this is not a limitation and that the position and orientation of the shock mounts  262  may vary according to the specific design of each assembly. It should also be appreciated that using four shock mounts is not a limitation and that more or less may be used so long as they provide DOF rigidity. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 7A-C , the shock mounts  262  will be described in greater detail. As shown, the first set of shock mounts  262 A are disposed between the top/bottom frame wall  192 / 216 ′ and a first side portion  256 A of the base member  250 , and the second set of shock mounts  262 B are disposed between the rib  240 A and a second side portion  256 B of the base member  250 . Like the shock mounts described previously, each of the shock mounts  262  include two elements—a longitudinal compliant member or grommet  274 , and a longitudinal fastening device  276 . 
     Referring to both  FIGS. 7B &amp; 7C , the compliant member  274  includes a first segment  278  and a second segment  280 . The outer periphery of the first segment  278  is larger than the outer periphery of the second segment  280 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 7B , on the first side of the drive  232 , the first segment  278 A is disposed between the frame walls  192 / 216 ′ and the first side portion  256 A, and the second segment  280 A is disposed inside a mounting hole  282 A defined by the frame walls  192 / 216 ′. In the illustrated embodiment, the top frame wall  192 ′ includes a first mounting bracket  284 , and the bottom frame wall  216 ′ includes a second mounting bracket  286 . In most cases, a bottom portion of the first mounting brackets is arranged to cooperate with a top portion of the second mounting bracket to form the mounting hole  282 A. By way of example, both the bottom and top portions may include a cut out portion that when combined form the shape of the mounting hole  282 A. 
     Broadly, the first segment  278 A fills a gap  290 A formed between the frame walls  192 / 216 ′ and the first side portion  256 A, and the second segment  280 A fills the space formed by the mounting hole  282 A. More specifically, a distal end  291 A of the first segment  278 A abuts to an outer surface  292 A of the first side portion  256 A and a proximal end  293 A of the first segment  278 A abuts to an inner side  294  of the frame walls  192 / 216 ′. In addition, an outer periphery of the second segment  280 A abuts to an inner periphery of the mounting hole  282 A of the frame walls  192 / 216 ′. As such, the drive  232  is not structurally fixed to the frame walls  192 / 216 ′, but rather rests inside the frame walls  192 / 216 ′, i.e., the frame walls  192 / 216 ′ supports the shock mount  262 A, and thus the drive  232 . It is generally desirable to have the segments tightly held (but not too tight) by the adjacent surfaces  291 ,  294 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 7C , on the second side of the drive  232 , the first segment  278 B is disposed between the rib  240 A and the second side portion  256 B, and the second segment  280 B is disposed inside a mounting hole  282 B in the rib  240 A. Broadly, the first segment  278 B fills a gap  290 B formed between the rib  240 A and the second side portion  256 B, and the second segment  280 B fills the space formed by the mounting hole  282 B. More specifically, a distal end  291 B of the first segment  278 B abuts to an outer surface  292 B of the second side portion  256 B and a proximal end  293 B of the first segment  278  abuts to an inner side  297  of the rib  240 A. In addition, an outer periphery of the second segment  280 B abuts to an inner periphery of the mounting hole  282 B of the rib  240 A. As such, the drive  232  is not structurally fixed to the rib  240 A, but rather rests inside the rib  240 A, i.e., the rib  240 A supports the shock mount  262 B, and thus the drive  232 . Again, it is generally desirable to have the segments tightly held (but not too tight) by the adjacent surfaces  291 ,  297 . 
     The shock mounts  262  also includes a through hole  300  for receiving the fastening device  276 . As shown, the through hole  300  extends through the shock mount  262 . The fastening device  276  includes a first portion  302  that is adapted to mate with the through hole  300  and a second portion  304  that is adapted to mate with the base member  250 . In the illustrated embodiment, the fastening device  276  is a screw that is threadably coupled to the base member  250 , i.e., the second portion  304  represents a threaded element for coupling to a threaded receiving element positioned on the base member  250 . In addition, the first portion  302  is sized to snugly fit inside the through hole  300 , i.e., the outer periphery of the first portion abuts to the inner periphery of the through hole. As such, the first portion  302 , which is fixed to the CD/DVD drive, is going to hit the compliant member  274  and compress it whenever a force causes the drive to move. 
     In most cases, the compliant member  274  is formed from a suitable complaint material such as an elastomer (sufficiently rigid but pliable), and the fastening device  276  is formed from a suitable rigid material such as steel. It should be understood, however, that these materials are not a limitation and that other suitable materials may be used. For example, the compliant member may be formed from rubber, silicone, soft plastics and the like. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a heat transfer system is provided to remove heat from heat producing elements housed within the portable computer. The heat transfer system is generally configured to thermally couple a heat producing element, such as a IC chip, to a structural member of the portable computer so as to dissipate the heat through the structural member, i.e., the heat transfer system sinks heat into the structural member. By way of example, the structural member may be a rib chassis, top case and/or bottom case. As such, the heat transfer system takes advantage of some of the largest heat sink structures found in the portable computer, i.e., structural members such as the rib chassis, top case and/or bottom case provide a large surface area for spreading the undesirable heat. 
     The heat transfer system generally includes a heat sink device that is thermally coupled to the heat producing element. By way of example, the heat sink device may include a first surface that is in thermal contact with a surface of an IC chip. In one embodiment, the heat sink works with a heat pipe to move the heat from a heat producing element to a structural member. By way of example, the heat pipe may include a first surface that is in thermal contact with the heat sink device and a second surface that is in thermal contact with the structural member. In another embodiment, the heat sink device is positioned thermally adjacent to a structural member so as to move the heat from a heat producing element to the structural member. By way of example, the heat sink device may include a second surface that abuts or is in close proximity to a surface of the structural member. In another embodiment, the heat sink device is thermally integrated with a structural member so as to directly move the heat from a heat producing element to the structural member. By way of example, the heat sink device may be a portion of the structural member having a first surface that is in thermal contact with a surface of an IC chip. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 5 ,  6  and  8 , the heat transfer system  236  is arranged to dissipate heat from a plurality of IC chips  310  attached to the printed circuit board  234 . As is generally well known, IC chips generate heat and are therefore susceptible to overheating. Overheating may lead to errors in the functionality of the chip. The problem is compounded by the ever increasing speed of IC chips. 
     The heat transfer system  236  generally includes a plurality of heat sinks  312  thermally coupled to the plurality of chips  310 , and a heat pipe  314  thermally coupled between the plurality of heat sinks  312  and the top plate  170  of the top case  103 . The heat sinks  312  are arranged to carry heat away from the plurality of chips  310 , and the heat pipe  314  is arranged to carry heat away from the heat sinks  312 . That is, the heat sink  312  and heat pipe  314  form a thermal path from the IC chips  310  to the top plate  170 . As mentioned, the top plate  170  is formed from a thermally conductive material, i.e., sheet metal, and therefore the heat is spread over the entire area of the top plate  170 . As should be appreciated, by increasing the surface area, more heat can be dissipated, and thus the portable computer  100  can use “hotter” chips without having to use a bigger fan. 
     The heat sinks are generally formed from thermally conductive materials such as extruded aluminum. In one implementation, the heat pipe is an evaporation/condensation type heat pipe. Evaporation/condensation type heat pipes generally include an outer copper tube having an evaporation/condensation mechanism disposed therein. It should be understood, however, that this is not a limitation and that other types of heat pipes may be used. 
     As shown in  FIG. 8 , the plurality of chips  310  includes a first chip  310 A, a second chip  310 B, a third chip  310 C and a fourth chip  310 D. By way of example, the first chip  310 A may be a graphics chip, the second chip  310 B may be a bridge chip, the third chip  310 C may be a processor chip, and the fourth chip  310 D may be a cache chip. It should be understood that this is not a limitation and that other types of chips may be used. It should also be noted that a varying number of chips may be used, i.e., one, six, twenty, etc. As shown, each of the IC chips  310  has a heat sink  312  thermally attached thereto. In the illustrated embodiment, a first heat sink  312 A is thermally coupled to the first and second chips  310 A-B, a second heat sink  312 B is thermally coupled to the third chip  310 C, and a third heat sink  312 C is thermally attached to the forth chip  310 D. The heat sinks  312  are generally attached to the chips using conventional techniques. By way of example, a thermal interface material such as thermal grease may be used to attach the heat sinks to the chips. 
     Each of the heat sinks  312  includes a body  316  having a planar surface  318  that interfaces a top surface of the chip  310 , and a plurality of fins  320  extending upwards therefrom. For example, the first heat sink  312 A includes a first body  316 A, a first planar surface  318 A, and first fins  320 A. As shown, the first body  316 A includes an extended body  322  for connecting to the first chip  310 A. As such, the first planar surface  318 A interfaces the top surface of the first chip and second chips  310 A-B. In addition, the second heat sink  312 B includes a second body  316 B, a second planar surface  318 B and second fins  320 B. The second planar surface  318 B interfaces the top surface of the third chip  310 C. Moreover, the third heat sink  312 C includes a third body  316 C, a third planar surface  318 C and third fins  320 C. The third planar surface  318 C interfaces the top surface of the fourth chip  310 D. In most heat sinks  312 , the fins  320  are spaced apart to provide an optimum amount of surface area from which heat can dissipate, i.e., natural convection. As is generally well known, the size, length, number and orientation of the fins can greatly affect the amount of heat dissipated. Although heat sinks with a plurality of straight fins are shown, it should be understood that any type of heat sink device may be used. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 6 &amp; 8 , each of the heat sinks  312  is thermally attached to the heat pipe  314 . That is, the heat pipe  314  is intimately connected to all of the heat sinks  312  so as to pump heat from the heat sinks  312  into the base  102 , and more particularly the top case  103 . In the illustrated embodiment, each of the bodies  316 A-C includes a heat pipe opening, respectively, for receiving the heat pipe  314  therein. With regards to the first heat sink  312 A, the first body  316 A includes a heat pipe cavity  324  that is adapted to receive a first end  326  of the heat pipe  314 . With regards to the second heat sink  312 B, the second body  316 B includes a first heat pipe tunnel  328  that is adapted to receive a first longitudinal segment  330  of the heat pipe  314  therethrough. With regards to the third heat sink  312 C, the third body  316 C includes a second heat pipe tunnel  332  that is adapted to receive a second longitudinal segment  334  of the heat pipe  314  therethrough. When assembled, the first end  326  of the heat pipe  314  is disposed inside the cavity  324 , the first longitudinal segment  330  is disposed inside the first tunnel  328 , and the second longitudinal segment  334  is disposed inside the second tunnel  332 . The heat pipe  314  is typically attached to the heat sinks  312  using conventional techniques. By way of example, the heat pipe  314  can be attached to the heat sinks by soldering, brazing or other similar attachment means. 
     After exiting the third heat sink  312 C, the heat pipe  314  generally extends through a hole in the rib  240 C and bends upwards (e.g., elbows) to the top plate  170 . In most cases, a second end  336  of the heat pipe  314  is attached to the top plate  170  via an auxiliary plate  338 . The auxiliary plate  338  is generally formed from a thermally conductive material such as aluminum, and serves to thermally couple the heat pipe  314  to the top plate  170 . As shown, a top surface  340  of the auxiliary plate  338  is attached to an underside  342  of the top plate  170 , and the second end  336  of the heat pipe  314  is attached to a bottom surface  344  of the auxiliary plate  338 . As such, the heat pipe  314  directs heat to the auxiliary plate  338 , and the auxiliary plate  338  directs heat to the top plate  170 . The heat pipe  314  is generally attached to the auxiliary plate  338 , and the auxiliary plate  338  is attached to the top plate  170  using conventional techniques. By way of example, the heat sink pipe may be attached to the auxiliary plate by soldering, brazing or other similar attachment means, and the auxiliary plate may be screwed or otherwise fastened to the top plate. Thermal grease may be disposed between the auxiliary plate and the top plate to produce a better thermally coupled interface. 
     It should be understood that this configuration is not a limitation and that other configurations may be used. For example, the heat pipe may be attached directly to the top plate, and may extend below or above the rib. In addition, the heat pipe may extend downwards and attach to the bottom plate. Furthermore, the auxiliary plate may include a channel or cavity for receiving the second end of the heat pipe. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 5 ,  6  and  8 , the heat transfer system  236  is generally disposed in a region of the base  102  defined by the walls of the rib chassis  238  and the top and bottom cases  103 ,  105 . For example, a majority of the heat transfer system  236  may be positioned between the rib  240 C and a rib  240 D as well as between a rib  240 E and the top/bottom frame wall  192 / 216  of the cases  103 ,  105 . The heat transfer system  236  may also extend into other portions of the base  102 . For example, portions of the heat transfer system  236  may extend under, through or over the rib chassis walls, i.e., rib  240 C and rib  240 D. In the illustrated embodiment, the rib  240 D includes a cut away section for allowing the extended base  322  of the first heat sink  312 A to pass underneath the rib  240 D. 
     In one embodiment, the heat sinks are also arranged to move heat away from the plurality of chips by being positioned proximate the rib chassis. That is, the position of the heat sink may form a thermal path from the IC chip to the rib chassis. In this embodiment, the rib chassis is formed from a thermally conductive material, and therefore the heat is spread over the entire area of the rib chassis. In one implementation, the thermally conductive material is plastic (e.g., carbon fiber plastic). In another implementation, the thermally conductive material is a metal (e.g., magnesium). In yet another implementation, the thermally conductive material is a composite having both metal and plastic therein. 
     Referring to  FIG. 8 , the first heat sink  312 A is positioned proximate to the rib  240 D, and the third heat sink  312 C is positioned proximate to the rib  240 C so as to provide a thermal path from the heat sinks  312  to the rib chassis  238 . As shown, the first heat sink  312 A includes a side surface  350  that is adjacent to an inner surface  352  of the rib  240 D, and the third heat sink  312 C includes a side surface  354  that is adjacent to an inner surface  356  of the rib  240 C. Although the surfaces are shown with a gap therebetween, it should be appreciated that the closer the surfaces are to one another (i.e., abutting), the better the transfer of heat away from the IC chips  310 . 
     The heat transfer system may also include a fan unit for producing an airflow inside the base. Because of the above mention arrangement, i.e., transferring heat to structural members, the fan unit can be a small, low profile and low power consuming device that produces less noise than conventional fans. 
     As shown in  FIG. 6 , a fan unit  358  is positioned proximate the heat sinks  312 . In general, the fan unit  358  is arranged to pull air from the ambient and into the base  102  in order to send cooling air across the heat sinks  312  thus carrying heat away from the IC chips  310 . In the illustrated embodiment, the fan unit  358  is placed behind the second heat sink  312 B. This is generally done to force a greater amount of air over the chip (e.g., CPU) that produces the most heat. The configuration of the fins  320  are typically arranged to create optimal air flow between and around the fins. As should be appreciated, the fins  320 B of the second heat sink  312 B are positioned parallel to the flow of air so that air can readily flow through the fins  320 B. After flowing over the second heat sink  312 B, the air flow is split into at least two air flow streams. The two air flow streams are directed towards vent structures  111  located on opposing sides of the base  102 . The vent structures  111  are generally disposed in the top frame wall  192  of the top case  103 , and located towards the rear of the base  102 . 
     Turning now to  FIG. 9A , an alternative embodiment to the present invention is illustrated wherein the heat transfer system  236  includes a heat sink that is attached to an internal structural member. As shown, the heat sink  360 , which is disposed inside a casing  362 , includes a first surface  364  that is thermally attached to a chip  366  on a printed circuit board  368 , and a second surface  370  that is thermally attached to a rib  372 . The heat sink  360  is arranged to carry heat from the chip  366  to the rib  372  so as to dissipate the heat via the surface area of the rib  372 . The heat sink  360  is generally attached to the rib  372  using conventional techniques. By way of example, the heat sinks may be attached to the rib by soldering, brazing or other similar attachment means. In addition, the heat sink may be screwed or otherwise fastened to the rib via a fastening device with thermal grease placed therebetween. 
     Turning now to  FIG. 9B , an alternative embodiment to the present invention is illustrated wherein the heat transfer system  236  includes a heat sink that is attached to an internal structural member via a heat pipe. As shown, the heat sink  374 , which is disposed inside a casing  376 , is thermally attached to a chip  378  on a printed circuit board  380  and thermally attached to a heat pipe  382 . The heat sink  274  is arranged to carry heat from the chip  378  to the heat pipe  382  and the heat pipe  382  is arranged to carry heat from the heat sink  374  to a rib  384  so as to dissipate the heat via the surface area of the rib  384 . The heat pipe is generally attached to the heat sink using conventional techniques. By way of example, the heat pipe may be attached to the heat sink by soldering, brazing or other similar attachment means. In addition, the heat pipe is generally attached to the rib using conventional techniques. By way of example, the heat pipe may be attached to the heat sink by soldering, brazing or other similar attachment means, as for example, the heat pipe may be screwed or otherwise fastened to the rib via a fastening device with thermal grease placed therebetween. 
     Turning now to  FIG. 9C , an alternative embodiment to the present invention is illustrated wherein the heat transfer system  236  includes a heat sink that is integrated with an internal structural member. As shown, the heat sink  386 , which is disposed inside a casing  388 , is a portion of a rib  390  that extends outwards towards a chip  392 . By extending the integrated heat sink  386  outwards, the rib-heat sink can be thermally attached to the chip  392  on a printed circuit board  394 . The rib-heat sink is arranged to carry heat from the chip  392  therethrough so as to dissipate the heat via the surface area of the rib  390 . 
     While this invention has been described in terms of several preferred embodiments, there are alterations, permutations, and equivalents, which fall within the scope of this invention. It should also be noted that there are many alternative ways of implementing the methods and apparatuses of the present invention. It is therefore intended that the following appended claims be interpreted as including all such alterations, permutations, and equivalents as fall within the true spirit and scope of the present invention.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20131016
Publication Date: 20150825
Grant Date: 20150825
Priority Date: 20010424
Inventors: MERZ NICHOLAS G.
DIFONZO JOHN C.
ZADESKY STEPHEN P.
PRICHARD MICHAEL J.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "F28F3/02", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/20", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/184", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1658", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01L23/367", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1616", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/203", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G11B33/08", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01L2924/00", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "Y10T29/4935", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "F28D15/02", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1656", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/187", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01L23/427", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1637", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/183", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02F2201/503", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G11B33/1426", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01L2924/0002", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02F1/133308", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02F1/133308", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/203", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "Y10T29/4935", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/20", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01L2924/0002", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "F28D15/0275", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1662", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G11B33/1426", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1658", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/187", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1681", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G11B33/08", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1637", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K7/20336", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G11B33/08", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02F2201/503", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1616", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01L23/367", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "F28D15/0275", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/203", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01L23/427", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/184", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1616", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/183", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1658", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G11B33/1426", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1656", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1656", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01L23/367", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/183", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1637", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "F28D15/02", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "Y10T29/4935", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02F1/133308", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/184", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01L23/427", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01L2924/0002", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02F2201/503", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/187", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "F28F3/02", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 25287221