PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-11852834-B1
Application Number: US-202117406490-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B1

Title: Electronic devices with adjustable heat extraction

Abstract:
A head-mounted device may have a head-mounted housing. The head-mounted housing may have rear-facing displays that display images for a user. The images are viewable from eye boxes while the head-mounted device is being worn by the user. The displays may be mounted in left and right optical modules that have respective left and right lenses. A positioning system may be used to adjust the spacing between the left and right optical modules to accommodate different interpupillary distances. An adjustable heat extraction system may be provided that includes fans configured to force air between airflow inlets and outlets past heat sinks. The heat sinks may have fins that are adjusted in orientation and/or that are otherwise adjusted based on changes in optical module spacing. The airflow inlets and/or outlets may have adjustable louvers or other movable members that allow these ports to be fully opened, fully closed, or partly closed.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A head-mounted device, comprising:
 a head-mounted support structure; 
 displays that are supported by the head-mounted support structure and that are configured to provide images viewable from eye boxes; 
 adjustable heat sinks within the head-mounted support structure and coupled to the displays, wherein the adjustable heat sinks are separated from one another by a distance; and 
 heat sink actuators that are configured to adjust the adjustable heat sinks based on changes in spacing between the displays. 
 
     
     
       2. The head-mounted device defined in  claim 1  wherein the displays comprise left and right displays, the head-mounted device further comprising:
 left and right optical modules, wherein the left optical module includes the left display and a left lens and wherein the right optical module includes the right display and a right lens; and 
 a positioning system configured to adjust the spacing to accommodate different interpupillary distances. 
 
     
     
       3. The head-mounted device defined in  claim 2  further comprising adjustable airflow ports, wherein the adjustable airflow ports are configured to operate in fully open, partly closed, and fully closed states. 
     
     
       4. The head-mounted device defined in  claim 3  wherein the adjustable heat sinks comprise a left heat sink coupled to the left display and a right heat sink coupled to the right display and wherein the left heat sink has left adjustable heat sink fins and the right heat sink has right adjustable heat sink fins. 
     
     
       5. The head-mounted device defined in  claim 2  wherein the positioning system is configured to adjust the spacing between a first spacing value and a second spacing value that is different than the first spacing value, wherein the adjustable heat sinks comprise heat sink fins having first orientations when the left and right optical modules have the first spacing value and having second orientations that are different than the first orientations when the left and right optical modules have the second spacing value. 
     
     
       6. The head-mounted device defined in  claim 5  wherein the positioning system comprises a first actuator configured to move the left optical module and a second actuator configured to move the right optical module. 
     
     
       7. The head-mounted device defined in  claim 6  wherein the adjustable heat sinks are configured to rotate the heat sink fins. 
     
     
       8. The head-mounted device defined in  claim 6  wherein the heat sink fins are configured to bend to adjust the adjustable heat sinks. 
     
     
       9. The head-mounted device defined in  claim 1  wherein the displays include a left display and a right display, wherein the adjustable heat sinks comprise a left heat sink coupled to the left display and a right heat sink coupled to the right display, and wherein the heat sink actuators comprise a left heat sink actuator configured to adjust the left heat sink and a right heat sink actuator configured to adjust the right heat sink. 
     
     
       10. The head-mounted device defined in  claim 9  wherein the left heat sink actuator is configured to rotate the left heat sink and wherein the right heat sink actuator is configured to rotate the right heat sink. 
     
     
       11. The heat-mounted device defined in  claim 9  wherein the left heat sink actuator is configured to adjust heat sink fins on the left heat sink and wherein the right heat sink actuator is configured to adjust heat sink fins on the right heat sink. 
     
     
       12. The head-mounted device defined in  claim 11  wherein the head-mounted support structure has an adjustable airflow port. 
     
     
       13. The head-mounted device defined in  claim 12  further comprising fans configured to cause air to flow past the left and right heat sinks. 
     
     
       14. A head-mounted device, comprising:
 a head-mounted support structure; 
 lenses that are supported by the head-mounted support structure; 
 displays that are supported by the head-mounted support structure and that are configured to provide images viewable through the lenses from eye boxes; 
 fans configured to cool the displays, wherein the fans are located behind the displays such that each of the displays is sandwiched between a respective one of the lenses and a respective one of the fans; 
 an airflow port in the head-mounted support structure that is configured to open and close; 
 heat sinks coupled to the displays, wherein the heat sinks have adjustable fins; and 
 heat sink actuators that are configured to adjust an orientation of the adjustable fins based on changes in spacing between the displays. 
 
     
     
       15. The head-mounted device defined in  claim 14  wherein the airflow port has movable members and an actuator configured to move the movable members to open and close the airflow port. 
     
     
       16. The head-mounted device defined in  claim 15  wherein the movable members comprise movable louvers, wherein the fans are configured to cool the displays by causing air to flow over the heat sinks, and wherein at least some of the air passes through the airflow port when the airflow port is open. 
     
     
       17. The head-mounted device defined in  claim 16  further comprising control circuitry configured to adjust the airflow port between a first state in which the airflow port is completely open, a second state in which the airflow port is completely closed, and a third state in which the airflow port is partly closed. 
     
     
       18. A head-mounted device, comprising:
 a head-mounted support structure; 
 displays supported by the head-mounted support structure; 
 adjustable heat sinks on the displays, wherein the adjustable heat sinks comprise adjustable heat sink fins; 
 heat sink actuators configured to adjust the adjustable heat sink fins based on spacing changes between the displays; 
 openings in the heat-mounted support structure; and 
 fans configured to cool the displays by forcing air through the openings and past the adjustable heat sinks, wherein each of the adjustable heat sinks is sandwiched between a respective one of the fans and a respective one of the displays. 
 
     
     
       19. The head-mounted device defined in  claim 18  wherein the openings comprise airflow outlets with adjustable louvers. 
     
     
       20. The head-mounted device defined in  claim 19  wherein the heat sink actuators are configured to adjust the adjustable heat sink fins while the adjustable louvers are configured to open the airflow outlets.

Description:
This application claims the benefit of provisional patent application No. 63/076,816, filed Sep. 10, 2020, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     This relates generally to electronic devices, and, more particularly, to electronic devices such as head-mounted devices. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Electronic devices such as head-mounted devices may have displays for displaying images. The displays may be housed in a head-mounted support structure. During operation, components such as displays may generate heat. 
     SUMMARY 
     A head-mounted device may have a head-mounted housing. The head-mounted housing may have rear-facing displays that display images for a user. The images are viewable from eye boxes while the head-mounted device is being worn by the user. 
     The displays may be mounted in left and right optical modules with respective left and right lenses. A positioning system may be used to adjust the spacing between the left and right optical modules to accommodate different user interpupillary distances. 
     A heat extraction system may be provided for the head-mounted device. The heat extraction system may be adjusted by control circuitry in the device. The heat extraction system may, for example, be adjusted to ensure that heat extraction efficiency is satisfactory, even as the positions of optical modules or other components within the device are moved. 
     The heat extraction system may include fans configured to force air to flow between airflow inlets and outlets while passing over heat sinks. The heat sinks may have fins that are adjusted in orientation and/or that are otherwise adjusted based on changes in optical module spacing. The airflow inlets and/or outlets may have adjustable louvers or other structures that allow these ports to be fully opened, fully closed, or partly closed. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is a top view of a portion of an illustrative electronic device such as a head-mounted device in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG.  2    is schematic diagram of an illustrative system with an electronic device in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG.  3    is a rear view of a portion of an electronic device in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG.  4    is a cross-sectional side view of a portion of an electronic device with an adjustable airflow port in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIGS.  5 ,  6 , and  7    are views of illustrative adjustable airflow ports respectively in fully open, partly closed, and fully closed states in accordance with embodiments. 
         FIG.  8    is a perspective view of an illustrative heat extraction fan in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG.  9    is a side view of an illustrative heat extraction system being used to cool a heat-generating electrical component such as a display in an optical module in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG.  10    is a rear view of an illustrative head-mounted device with optical modules that may be moved to accommodate different interpupillary distances in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG.  11    is a rear view of an illustrative adjustable heat sink in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG.  12    is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative adjustable heat sink coupled to an optical module display in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG.  13    is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative heat sink with adjustable fins in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG.  14    is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative heat sink with bendable fins in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG.  15    is a flow chart of illustrative operations involved in operating a head-mounted electronic device with an adjustable heat extraction system in accordance with an embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     An electronic device such as a head-mounted device may have displays and other electrical components that generate heat. To ensure that the components do not overheat during operation, the electronic device may be provided with a heat extraction system. The heat extraction system may have heat sinks and fans. Air may be drawn into an interior region of the head-mounted device through an airflow inlet. After passing over a heat sink, the air, which is now heated, may be expelled through an airflow outlet. This process cools the heat sink and any heat-generating electrical component that is thermally coupled to the heat sink. 
     A head-mounted device may have optical modules in which displays and lenses are mounted. Actuators may be mounted in the head-mounted device. The actuators may be used to adjust the spacing between left and right optical modules to accommodate different interpupillary distances for different users. Each optical module may contain a display and a lens. During operation, images on the displays may be viewed through the lenses. The heat extraction system may be used to ensure that the displays remain at satisfactorily low operating temperatures. 
     The head-mounted may include a head-mounted support structure that allows the device to be worn on the heads of users. Airflow inlets and outlets may be formed in the head-mounted support structure. Adjustable structures may be provided in these airflow ports. The adjustable structures may be used to adjust the opening and closing of the ports. 
     In some configurations, heat-sink structures in the heat extraction system may be adjusted. For example, heat sink fins may be adjusted. The adjustment of the heat sink structures may be made to ensure that airflow through the heat extraction system is satisfactory over a variety of different operating conditions. For example, heat sink fin orientation may be adjusted in response to optical module spacing adjustments or other changes in the positions of parts within the head-mounted device. 
       FIG.  1    is a top view of an illustrative head-mounted electronic device. As shown in  FIG.  1   , head-mounted device  10  may include head-mounted support structure  26 . Support structure  26 , which may sometimes be referred to as a housing or enclosure, may have walls or other structures that separate an interior region of device  10  such as interior region  42  from an exterior region surrounding device  10  such as exterior region  44 . Electrical components  30  (e.g., integrated circuits, sensors, control circuitry, input-output devices, etc.) may be mounted on printed circuits and/or other structures within device  10  (e.g., in interior region  42 ). 
     To present a user with images for viewing from eye boxes such as eye box  34 , device  10  may include displays such as display  14  and lenses such as lens  38 . These components may be mounted in optical modules such as optical module  36  (e.g., a lens barrel) to form respective left and right optical systems. There may be, for example, a left display for presenting an image through a left lens in a left optical module to a user&#39;s left eye in a left eye box and a right display for presenting an image through a right lens in a right optical module to a user&#39;s right eye in a right eye box. 
     The user&#39;s eyes are located in eye boxes  34  when rear face R of structure  26  rests against the outer surface of the user&#39;s face. Each optical module may have an associated positioner such as actuator  48  of  FIG.  1   . Actuators  48  may be motors, solenoids, other electromagnetic actuators, or other positioners that form an optical module positioning system for device  10 . The positioning system formed by actuators  48  may be used to move optical modules  36  towards and away from each other. For example, actuators  48  may be used to adjust the spacing between the left and right optical modules to accommodate different interpupillary distances associated with different users. 
     Support structure  26  may include a main housing support structure such as portion  26 M. Main housing portion  26 M may have a portion on front face F of device  10 . An optional forward-facing publicly viewable display may be mounted on front face F. This display may face in the opposite direction from rear-facing displays such as displays  14  in optical modules  36 . If desired, support structure  26  may include optional head straps (sometimes referred to as headbands) such as strap  26 B and/or other head-mounted support structures that are configured to extend around the head of the user to help support device  10  on the head of the user during use. 
     Device  10  may have a heat extraction system. The heat extraction system may include one or more fans that draw air into interior region  42  through one or more air inlets and that force the air past one or more heat sinks before expelling the air through one or more air outlets. Heat sinks may be thermally and physically coupled to electrical components in device  10  that generate heat. In the example of  FIG.  1   , heat sink  46  has been coupled to display  14 . Fan  40  forces air past heat sink  46  to help cool heat sink  46  and thereby cool display  14 . There may be a left heat sink associated with a left display and a right heat sink associated with a right display (as an example). 
     A schematic diagram of an illustrative system that may include a head-mounted device is shown in  FIG.  2   . As shown in  FIG.  2   , system  8  may have one or more electronic devices such as device  10 . The electronic devices in system  8  may include a head-mounted device (e.g., device  10  of  FIG.  1   ), accessories such as headphones, associated computing equipment (e.g., a cellular telephone, tablet computer, laptop computer, desktop computer, and/or remote computing equipment that supplies content to a head-mounted device), and/or other devices that communicate with the head-mounted device. 
     Each electronic device if system  8  may have control circuitry  12 . Control circuitry  12  may include storage and processing circuitry for controlling the operation of the electronic device. Circuitry  12  may include storage such as hard disk drive storage, nonvolatile memory (e.g., electrically-programmable-read-only memory configured to form a solid-state drive), volatile memory (e.g., static or dynamic random-access-memory), etc. Processing circuitry in control circuitry  12  may be based on one or more microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, baseband processors, power management units, audio chips, graphics processing units, application specific integrated circuits, and other integrated circuits. Software code may be stored on storage in circuitry  12  and run on processing circuitry in circuitry  12  to implement control operations for the electronic device (e.g., data gathering operations, operations involving the adjustment of the components of the device using control signals, etc.). Control circuitry  12  may include wired and wireless communications circuitry. For example, control circuitry  12  may include radio-frequency transceiver circuitry such as cellular telephone transceiver circuitry, wireless local area network transceiver circuitry (e.g., WiFi® circuitry), millimeter wave transceiver circuitry, and/or other wireless communications circuitry. 
     To support interactions with external equipment, control circuitry  12  may be used in implementing communications protocols. Communications protocols that may be implemented using control circuitry  12  include internet protocols, wireless local area network protocols (e.g., IEEE 802.11 protocols—sometimes referred to as Wi-Fi®), protocols for other short-range wireless communications links such as the Bluetooth® protocol or other wireless personal area network (WPAN) protocols, IEEE 802.11ad protocols, cellular telephone protocols, multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) protocols, antenna diversity protocols, satellite navigation system protocols such as global positioning system (GPS) protocols and global navigation satellite system (GLONASS) protocols, IEEE 802.15.4 ultra-wideband communications protocols or other ultra-wideband communications protocols, etc. Each communications protocol may be associated with a corresponding radio access technology (RAT) that specifies the physical connection methodology used in implementing the protocol. 
     During operation, the communications circuitry of each electronic device in system  8  (e.g., the communications circuitry of control circuitry  12 ) may be used to support communication between the electronic devices. For example, one electronic device may transmit video data, audio data, and/or other data to another electronic device in system  8 . Electronic devices in system  8  may use wired and/or wireless communications circuitry to communicate through one or more communications networks (e.g., the internet, local area networks, etc.). The communications circuitry may be used to allow data to be received by an electronic device from external equipment (e.g., a tethered computer, a portable device such as a handheld device or laptop computer, online computing equipment such as a remote server or other remote computing equipment, or other electrical equipment) and/or to provide data to external equipment. 
     Each electronic device in system  8  may include input-output devices  22 . Input-output devices  22  may be used to allow a user to provide device  10  with user input. Input-output devices  22  may also be used to gather information on the environment in which device in system  8  is operating. Output components in devices  22  may allow an electronic device in system  8  to provide a user with output and may be used to communicate with external electrical equipment. 
     As shown in  FIG.  2   , input-output devices  22  may include one or more displays such as displays  14 . In some configurations, an electronic device in system  8  such as device  10  includes left and right display devices. Device  10  may, for example, include left and right components such as left and right scanning mirror display devices or other image projectors, liquid-crystal-on-silicon display devices, digital mirror devices, or other reflective display devices, left and right display panels based on light-emitting diode pixel arrays (e.g., organic light-emitting display panels or display devices based on pixel arrays formed from crystalline semiconductor light-emitting diode dies), liquid crystal display panels, and/or or other left and right display devices that provide images to left and right eye boxes for viewing by the user&#39;s left and right eyes, respectively. 
     During operation, displays  14  may be used to display visual content for a user of device  10 . The content that is presented on displays  14  may include virtual objects and other content that is provided to displays  14  by control circuitry  12 . This virtual content may sometimes be referred to as computer-generated content. Computer-generated content may be displayed in the absence of real-world content or may be combined with real-world content. In some configurations, a real-world image may be captured by a camera (e.g., a forward-facing camera, sometimes referred to as a front-facing camera) so that computer-generated content may be electronically overlaid on portions of the real-world image (e.g., when device  10  is a pair of virtual reality goggles). 
     Input-output circuitry  22  may include sensors  16 . Sensors  16  may include, for example, three-dimensional sensors (e.g., three-dimensional image sensors such as structured light sensors that emit beams of light and that use two-dimensional digital image sensors to gather image data for three-dimensional images from light spots that are produced when a target is illuminated by the beams of light, binocular three-dimensional image sensors that gather three-dimensional images using two or more cameras in a binocular imaging arrangement, three-dimensional light detection and ranging sensors, sometimes referred to as lidar sensors, three-dimensional radio-frequency sensors, or other sensors that gather three-dimensional image data), cameras (e.g., infrared and/or visible digital image sensors), gaze tracking sensors (e.g., a gaze tracking system based on an image sensor and, if desired, a light source that emits one or more beams of light that are tracked using the image sensor after reflecting from a user&#39;s eyes), touch sensors, capacitive proximity sensors, light-based (optical) proximity sensors, other proximity sensors, force sensors (e.g., strain gauges, capacitive force sensors, resistive force sensors, etc.), sensors such as contact sensors based on switches, gas sensors, pressure sensors, moisture sensors, magnetic sensors, audio sensors (microphones), ambient light sensors, microphones for gathering voice commands and other audio input, sensors that are configured to gather information on motion, position, and/or orientation (e.g., accelerometers, gyroscopes, compasses, and/or inertial measurement units that include all of these sensors or a subset of one or two of these sensors), encoders or other position sensors configured to measure the positions of parts within device  10 , and/or other sensors. 
     User input and other information may be gathered using sensors and other input devices in input-output devices  22 . If desired, input-output devices  22  may include other devices  24  such as haptic output devices (e.g., vibrating components), light-emitting diodes and other light sources (e.g., infrared light-emitting diodes and/or visible light-emitting diodes), speakers such as ear speakers for producing audio output, circuits for receiving wireless power, circuits for transmitting power wirelessly to other devices, batteries and other energy storage devices (e.g., capacitors), joysticks, buttons, and/or other components. 
     Electronic device  10  may have head-mounted support structures such as head-mounted support structure  26  (e.g., head-mounted housing structures such as housing walls, straps, etc.). The head-mounted support structure may be configured to be worn on a head of a user (e.g., against the user&#39;s face covering the user&#39;s eyes) during operation of device  10  and may support displays  14 , sensors  16 , other components  24 , other input-output devices  22 , and control circuitry  12  (see, e.g., components  30  and optical module  36  of  FIG.  1   ). 
       FIG.  3    is a rear view of device  10  in an illustrative configuration in which device  10  has a heat extraction system that is being used to cool displays  14 . Main portion  26 M of head-mounted support structure  26  may have openings that form airflow ports. In the example of  FIG.  3   , portion  26 M has a lower edge with a lower opening that forms airflow inlet  52  and an upper edge with an upper opening that forms airflow outlet  50 . Air may flow into device  10  through inlet  52  in direction  54  and may be expelled from device  10  through outlet  50  in direction  56 . There may be any suitable number of airflow ports in device  10 . In an illustrative configuration, portion  26 M has left and right airflow inlets located along the lower edge of head-mounted support structure  26  and has corresponding left and right airflow outlets located along the upper edge of head-mounted support structure  26 . 
     The heat extraction system of  FIG.  3    includes heat sink  46  and fan  40 . There may be left and right heat sinks and left and right fans in device  10 . Each fan may force air from a corresponding airflow inlet  52  past a corresponding heat sink  46  and out of a corresponding airflow outlet  50  to cool a respective display  14 . Heat sinks  46  may contain structures that facilitate the flow of heat out of the body of the heat sink into the air that is passing over the heat sink. For example, heat sink  46  of  FIG.  3    may include fins  46 F. Heat sink fins and other heat sink structures may be formed from thermally conductive material such as metal. 
     The heat extraction system of device  10  may contain actuators and other components (e.g., fans  40 ) that can be electrically adjusted by control circuitry  12 . During operation of device  10 , control circuitry  12  can gather information from temperature sensors, optical module position sensors (e.g., position encoders in actuators  48 ), and/or other sensors  16  in device  10 . Device  10  can also determine information about the current operating state of device  10  such as the brightness of displays  14 , the type of content being displayed on displays  14 , etc. Based on this information, control circuitry  12  can determine whether fans  40  should be adjusted (e.g., to increase cooling by increasing fan speed) and/or whether other heat extraction system components should be adjusted. 
     In an illustrative configuration, device  10  (e.g., head-mounted support structure  26 ) may have adjustable airflow ports. Adjustable louvers or other mechanically movable structures in airflow inlet  52  and/or in airflow outlet  50  may be adjusted to adjust the visibility of these ports and/or to adjust airflow through the ports. If as an example, it is desired to provide device  10  with enhance heat extraction capabilities, the airflow inlets and outlets may be fully opened. If as another example, the speed of fans  40  has been set to an intermediate level and the heat extraction load of the heat extraction system is relatively modest, the airflow inlets and/or outlets may be partly closed to help hide interior structures from view and thereby enhance the appearance of device  10 . In scenarios in which small amounts of heat are being generated and/or when heat-generating components and/or device  10  are off or are in a low-power sleep mode, the inlets and/or outlets of device  10  may be closed. Fully closing these ports or even partly closing these ports may help prevent dust and other contaminants from entering the interior of device  10  and may enhance the outward appearance of device  10  (e.g., by visually obscuring the presence of openings in structure  26 ). In addition to or instead of adjusting inlet and outlet ports in device  10 , device  10  may also adjust components such as heat sinks  46  and/or other heat extraction system components. 
       FIG.  4    is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative adjustable airflow port in device  10 . Airflow port  60  of  FIG.  4    may be an airflow inlet such as inlet  52  or an airflow outlet such as airflow outlet  50 . As show in  FIG.  4   , airflow port  60  may have movable members such as port louvers  62 . Actuator  68  may be used to move these movable members to fully open, partially close, or completely close port  60 . Actuator  68  may be, for example, a linear actuator that moves an elongated member such as bar  66  in directions  70 . Bar  66  is coupled to one end of each of louvers  62 . The opposing end of each louver is coupled to a respective hinge  64  about which that louver rotates. By adjusting the lateral position of bar  66  using actuator  68 , the rotation of all louvers  62  may be controlled in parallel, thereby allowing actuator  68  to adjust the opening state of port  60  in response to control commands from control circuitry  12 . 
       FIG.  5    shows louvers  62  in a fully opened state. In this state, louvers  62  are oriented vertically (in the orientation of  FIG.  4   ) and airflow through port  60  is high.  FIG.  6    shows louvers  62  in a partly closed state. In this configuration, louvers  62  are slightly angled away from vertical and partly obstruct port  60 . Contaminant ingress risk is reduced and the appearance of device  10  may be enhanced in this configuration. In the illustrative arrangement of  FIG.  7   , louvers  62  have been placed in a horizontal configuration by actuator  68 . This fully closes port  60  to help prevent contaminant ingress through port  60 . Full closure of port  60  may also help enhance the appearance of device  10  by visually obscuring the presence of port  60 . 
       FIG.  8    is a perspective view of an illustrative fan for a heat extraction system in device  10 . Other types of fan may be used in device  10 , if desired. Fan  40  in the example of  FIG.  8    includes fan housing  40 H. An opening in fan housing  40 H may form fan inlet  40 I. Fan blades  40 B may be rotated about rotational axis  72  by a motor in fan  40  to draw air into inlet  40 I and expel air through corresponding fan outlet  40 E. When fan  40  is installed within device  10 , fan outlet  40 E may be aligned with airflow outlet  50  of main portion  26 M of support structure  26  ( FIG.  3   ). 
       FIG.  9    is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative optical module that is being cooled by a heat extraction system. In the illustrative configuration of  FIG.  9   , heat sink  46  has been mounted to the inner surface of display  14 . Pixels on the opposing rear-facing surface of display  14  may display images that are viewable through lens  38 . The fins of heat sink  46  may be exposed to air flowing along path  74  from air inlet  52  ( FIG.  3   ) to airflow outlet  50  ( FIG.  3   ) through fan  40 . This cools heat sink  46  and helps cool display  14 , which is thermally and physically connected to heat sink  46 . 
     To accommodate users with different interpupillary distances, display  10  may have left and right optical module positioners (see, e.g., actuator  48  of  FIG.  1   , which is configured to move optical module  36  parallel to the X-axis).  FIG.  10    is a rear view of device  10  in an illustrative configuration in which the spacing D between left and right optical modules  36  can be adjusted using actuators  48 . Changes to optical module separation (e.g., adjustments to the value of spacing D) can affect airflow through the heat extraction system. As shown in  FIG.  10   , for example, cooling air may flow along first paths  76  between inlets  52  and outlets  50  when modules  36  are separated by a relatively small distance D and may flow along altered paths  78  between inlets  52  and outlets  50  when modules are separated by a larger distance D. 
     The difference between the shapes and lengths of paths  76  and  78  and the relative orientation between the direction of the flow of air and components in the heat extraction system such as heat sink fins  46 F can alter the resistance of the heat extraction system to airflow (sometimes referred to as airflow impedance). As a result, there is a risk that heat extraction efficiency might decrease when device  10  is used in some interpupillary distance settings. To combat this risk and help ensure that heat extraction efficiency is satisfactory over a range of different interpupillary distance settings (e.g. a range of different optical module spacings D), heat sinks  46  may be adjusted dynamically. For example, heat sink fin adjustments such as changes to the angular orientation and/or other adjustments may be made by control circuitry  12  to fins  46 F using individually adjustable heat-sink adjustment actuators and/or by exploiting the movement of actuators  48  that arises when adjusting spacing D by moving modules  36 . 
     As an example, control circuitry  12  can monitor the spacing D (e.g., using a position encoder in actuator  48  or other sensor  16  that can measure the value of D). Using the measured value of D, control circuitry  12  can determine a satisfactory orientation for fins  46 F. Control circuitry  12  can then use an heat sink actuator that is coupled to heat sink  46  to change the orientation of fins  46 F. This type of arrangement is shown in  FIG.  11   . As shown in  FIG.  11   , heat sink  46  may have fins  46 F. Initially, the spacing D between optical modules  36  is D 1  and fins  46 F are oriented in orientation  46 F- 1  of  FIG.  11   . In response to determining that the value of spacing D has changed to D 2 , which is different than D 1 , control circuitry  12  can use an actuator that is coupled to heat sink  46  such as actuator  80  of  FIG.  11    to change the orientation of fins  46 F to orientation  46 F- 2  of  FIG.  11   . Actuator  80  may adjust the fin orientation by rotating a wheel or circular gear in the actuator in direction  82  about axis  84  (as an example), which causes heat sink  46  and fins  46 F to rotate about axis  88  in direction  86  to change the orientation of fins  46 F. If desired, gears or other structures may be used to transfer force from the lateral movement of optical modules  36  (to adjust D) directly into movement (e.g., rotation) of heat sinks  46 . In this type of arrangement, control circuitry  12  need only adjust the spacing D between optical modules  36  with actuators  48  in order to ensure that corresponding adjustments are made to the orientation of fins  46 F. 
     To help ensure that there is satisfactory thermal conduction between the inner surface of display  14  and heat sink  46 , a layer of thermally conductive material  90  (e.g., thermally conductive grease, gel, oil, etc.) may be interposed between heat sink  46  and display  14 , as shown in  FIG.  12   . Heat sink  46  may have a support plate such as plate  46 P that rotates about axis  88  or otherwise changes orientation due to applied force from actuator  80  and fins  46 F that protrude from plate  46 P. With this type of configuration, satisfactory heat transfer from display  14  to heat sink fins  46 F may be maintained, even as the orientation of fins  46 F is adjusted. 
     Another illustrative configuration for adjusting the orientation of heat sink fins  46 F is shown in  FIG.  13   . In the example of  FIG.  13   , heat sink orientation is adjusted by a heat sink positioner such as actuator  92 . If desired, heat sink orientation may be adjusted using force from an optical module positioner such as actuator  48  of  FIG.  1    (e.g., actuator  48  may be coupled both to one of modules  36  and to heat sink  46 , so that movement of actuator  48  may to adjust spacing D and to simultaneously rotate or otherwise adjust the orientation of heat sink  46 ). 
     In the  FIG.  13    arrangement, fins  46  may initially be in orientation  46 F- 1 . Following lateral movement of member  94  due to force from actuator  92  (or actuator  48 ), fins  46 F, which are coupled at their ends to member  94 , may rotate about fin hinges  96  to orientation  46 F- 2 . Adjustments such as these may be made, for example, to help compensate for airflow impedance changes that might otherwise arise from changes in the positions of optical modules  36 , fan speed changes, and/or other adjustments to the components of device  10  that affect heat extraction system performance. For example, adjustments to heat sink fin orientation may help ensure that the heat extraction system maintains satisfactory efficiency over a range of different interpupillary distance settings for device  10  (e.g., a range of different spacings D between optical modules  36 ). 
     If desired, the shapes of fins  46 F may be adjusted in addition to or instead of adjusting the orientation of fins  46 F. This type of approach is illustrated in  FIG.  14   . In the example of  FIG.  14   , actuator  92  pulls and pushes on the ends  46 FT of fins  46 F using member  94 . Fins  46 F are stiff along most of their lengths, but are flexible at ends  46 FT, which are coupled to member  94 . When member  94  is moved laterally, ends  96  may bend and thereby change the airflow characteristics of heat sink  46 . 
     Illustrative operations involved in using device  10  are shown in  FIG.  15   . During the operations of block  100 , control circuitry  12  may gather information on the operating state of device  10 . Control circuitry  12  may, for example, determine whether device  10  is fully operational and is displaying information on displays  14 . Control circuitry  12  may use sensors  16  to determine the temperature of heat-producing components (e.g., displays  14 ) that are being cooled using heat sinks  46 . Control circuitry  46  may also use sensors  16  (e.g., encoders in actuators  48  or other sensors) to determine the value of spacing D between optical modules  36 . 
     During the operations of block  102 , control circuitry  12  can adjust the heat extraction system of device  10  based on information on whether device  10  is on or off, the measured temperature of displays  14 , the measured value of spacing D, and/or other information. As an example, louvers  62  may be moved to open, close, or partly close airflow inlet  52  and/or airflow outlet  50 , fan speeds may be adjusted, and/or heat sinks  46  may be adjusted (e.g. airflow ports, fan speeds, and/or heat sinks  46  may be adjusted based on optical module spacing, based on temperature, based on whether device  10  is on or off, and/or based on other information). 
     As shown by line  104 , the operations of  FIG.  15    may be performed continuously. 
     When components in device  10  such as displays  14  are producing relatively less heat (e.g., when displays  14  have a low brightness setting, when video is displayed with a low refresh rate, low resolution, and/or other settings that cause power consumption to drop, and/or when the measured temperature of displays  14  is low, airflow ports may be closed (or at least partly closed), fan speeds may be reduced, and/or other actions may be taken that tend to lower the amount of heat being extracted by the heat extraction system. When displays  14  are heavily loaded (e.g., with rapidly changing high-resolution content at high brightness), the airflow ports may be fully opened and fan speeds may be increased. Interpupillary distance changes that affect airflow impedance through the heat extraction system can be accommodated by changing heat sink fin orientation and/or by adjusting the louvers in the airflow ports. 
     As described above, one aspect of the present technology is the gathering and use of information such as information from input-output devices. The present disclosure contemplates that in some instances, data may be gathered that includes personal information data that uniquely identifies or can be used to contact or locate a specific person. Such personal information data can include demographic data, location-based data, telephone numbers, email addresses, twitter ID&#39;s, home addresses, data or records relating to a user&#39;s health or level of fitness (e.g., vital signs measurements, medication information, exercise information), date of birth, username, password, biometric information, or any other identifying or personal information. 
     The present disclosure recognizes that the use of such personal information, in the present technology, can be used to the benefit of users. For example, the personal information data can be used to deliver targeted content that is of greater interest to the user. Accordingly, use of such personal information data enables users to have control of the delivered content. Further, other uses for personal information data that benefit the user are also contemplated by the present disclosure. For instance, health and fitness data may be used to provide insights into a user&#39;s general wellness, or may be used as positive feedback to individuals using technology to pursue wellness goals. 
     The present disclosure contemplates that the entities responsible for the collection, analysis, disclosure, transfer, storage, or other use of such personal information data will comply with well-established privacy policies and/or privacy practices. In particular, such entities should implement and consistently use privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining personal information data private and secure. Such policies should be easily accessible by users, and should be updated as the collection and/or use of data changes. Personal information from users should be collected for legitimate and reasonable uses of the entity and not shared or sold outside of those legitimate uses. Further, such collection/sharing should occur after receiving the informed consent of the users. Additionally, such entities should consider taking any needed steps for safeguarding and securing access to such personal information data and ensuring that others with access to the personal information data adhere to their privacy policies and procedures. Further, such entities can subject themselves to evaluation by third parties to certify their adherence to widely accepted privacy policies and practices. In addition, policies and practices should be adapted for the particular types of personal information data being collected and/or accessed and adapted to applicable laws and standards, including jurisdiction-specific considerations. For instance, in the United States, collection of or access to certain health data may be governed by federal and/or state laws, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), whereas health data in other countries may be subject to other regulations and policies and should be handled accordingly. Hence different privacy practices should be maintained for different personal data types in each country. 
     Despite the foregoing, the present disclosure also contemplates embodiments in which users selectively block the use of, or access to, personal information data. That is, the present disclosure contemplates that hardware and/or software elements can be provided to prevent or block access to such personal information data. For example, the present technology can be configured to allow users to select to “opt in” or “opt out” of participation in the collection of personal information data during registration for services or anytime thereafter. In another example, users can select not to provide certain types of user data. In yet another example, users can select to limit the length of time user-specific data is maintained. In addition to providing “opt in” and “opt out” options, the present disclosure contemplates providing notifications relating to the access or use of personal information. For instance, a user may be notified upon downloading an application (“app”) that their personal information data will be accessed and then reminded again just before personal information data is accessed by the app. 
     Moreover, it is the intent of the present disclosure that personal information data should be managed and handled in a way to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use. Risk can be minimized by limiting the collection of data and deleting data once it is no longer needed. In addition, and when applicable, including in certain health related applications, data de-identification can be used to protect a user&#39;s privacy. De-identification may be facilitated, when appropriate, by removing specific identifiers (e.g., date of birth, etc.), controlling the amount or specificity of data stored (e.g., collecting location data at a city level rather than at an address level), controlling how data is stored (e.g., aggregating data across users), and/or other methods. 
     Therefore, although the present disclosure broadly covers use of information that may include personal information data to implement one or more various disclosed embodiments, the present disclosure also contemplates that the various embodiments can also be implemented without the need for accessing personal information data. That is, the various embodiments of the present technology are not rendered inoperable due to the lack of all or a portion of such personal information data. 
     Physical environment: A physical environment refers to a physical world that people can sense and/or interact with without aid of electronic systems. Physical environments, such as a physical park, include physical articles, such as physical trees, physical buildings, and physical people. People can directly sense and/or interact with the physical environment, such as through sight, touch, hearing, taste, and smell. 
     Computer-generated reality: in contrast, a computer-generated reality (CGR) environment refers to a wholly or partially simulated environment that people sense and/or interact with via an electronic system. In CGR, a subset of a person&#39;s physical motions, or representations thereof, are tracked, and, in response, one or more characteristics of one or more virtual objects simulated in the CGR environment are adjusted in a manner that comports with at least one law of physics. For example, a CGR system may detect a person&#39;s head turning and, in response, adjust graphical content and an acoustic field presented to the person in a manner similar to how such views and sounds would change in a physical environment. In some situations (e.g., for accessibility reasons), adjustments to characteristic(s) of virtual object(s) in a CGR environment may be made in response to representations of physical motions (e.g., vocal commands). A person may sense and/or interact with a CGR object using any one of their senses, including sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell. For example, a person may sense and/or interact with audio objects that create 3D or spatial audio environment that provides the perception of point audio sources in 3D space. In another example, audio objects may enable audio transparency, which selectively incorporates ambient sounds from the physical environment with or without computer-generated audio. In some CGR environments, a person may sense and/or interact only with audio objects. Examples of CGR include virtual reality and mixed reality. 
     Virtual reality: A virtual reality (VR) environment refers to a simulated environment that is designed to be based entirely on computer-generated sensory inputs for one or more senses. A VR environment comprises a plurality of virtual objects with which a person may sense and/or interact. For example, computer-generated imagery of trees, buildings, and avatars representing people are examples of virtual objects. A person may sense and/or interact with virtual objects in the VR environment through a simulation of the person&#39;s presence within the computer-generated environment, and/or through a simulation of a subset of the person&#39;s physical movements within the computer-generated environment. 
     Mixed reality: In contrast to a VR environment, which is designed to be based entirely on computer-generated sensory inputs, a mixed reality (MR) environment refers to a simulated environment that is designed to incorporate sensory inputs from the physical environment, or a representation thereof, in addition to including computer-generated sensory inputs (e.g., virtual objects). On a virtuality continuum, a mixed reality environment is anywhere between, but not including, a wholly physical environment at one end and virtual reality environment at the other end. In some MR environments, computer-generated sensory inputs may respond to changes in sensory inputs from the physical environment. Also, some electronic systems for presenting an MR environment may track location and/or orientation with respect to the physical environment to enable virtual objects to interact with real objects (that is, physical articles from the physical environment or representations thereof). For example, a system may account for movements so that a virtual tree appears stationery with respect to the physical ground. Examples of mixed realities include augmented reality and augmented virtuality. Augmented reality: an augmented reality (AR) environment refers to a simulated environment in which one or more virtual objects are superimposed over a physical environment, or a representation thereof. For example, an electronic system for presenting an AR environment may have a transparent or translucent display through which a person may directly view the physical environment. The system may be configured to present virtual objects on the transparent or translucent display, so that a person, using the system, perceives the virtual objects superimposed over the physical environment. Alternatively, a system may have an opaque display and one or more imaging sensors that capture images or video of the physical environment, which are representations of the physical environment. The system composites the images or video with virtual objects, and presents the composition on the opaque display. A person, using the system, indirectly views the physical environment by way of the images or video of the physical environment, and perceives the virtual objects superimposed over the physical environment. As used herein, a video of the physical environment shown on an opaque display is called “pass-through video,” meaning a system uses one or more image sensor(s) to capture images of the physical environment, and uses those images in presenting the AR environment on the opaque display. Further alternatively, a system may have a projection system that projects virtual objects into the physical environment, for example, as a hologram or on a physical surface, so that a person, using the system, perceives the virtual objects superimposed over the physical environment. An augmented reality environment also refers to a simulated environment in which a representation of a physical environment is transformed by computer-generated sensory information. For example, in providing pass-through video, a system may transform one or more sensor images to impose a select perspective (e.g., viewpoint) different than the perspective captured by the imaging sensors. As another example, a representation of a physical environment may be transformed by graphically modifying (e.g., enlarging) portions thereof, such that the modified portion may be representative but not photorealistic versions of the originally captured images. As a further example, a representation of a physical environment may be transformed by graphically eliminating or obfuscating portions thereof. Augmented virtuality: an augmented virtuality (AV) environment refers to a simulated environment in which a virtual or computer generated environment incorporates one or more sensory inputs from the physical environment. The sensory inputs may be representations of one or more characteristics of the physical environment. For example, an AV park may have virtual trees and virtual buildings, but people with faces photorealistically reproduced from images taken of physical people. As another example, a virtual object may adopt a shape or color of a physical article imaged by one or more imaging sensors. As a further example, a virtual object may adopt shadows consistent with the position of the sun in the physical environment. 
     Hardware: there are many different types of electronic systems that enable a person to sense and/or interact with various CGR environments. Examples include head mounted systems, projection-based systems, heads-up displays (HUDs), vehicle windshields having integrated display capability, windows having integrated display capability, displays formed as lenses designed to be placed on a person&#39;s eyes (e.g., similar to contact lenses), headphones/earphones, speaker arrays, input systems (e.g., wearable or handheld controllers with or without haptic feedback), smartphones, tablets, and desktop/laptop computers. A head mounted system may have one or more speaker(s) and an integrated opaque display. Alternatively, a head mounted system may be configured to accept an external opaque display (e.g., a smartphone). The head mounted system may incorporate one or more imaging sensors to capture images or video of the physical environment, and/or one or more microphones to capture audio of the physical environment. Rather than an opaque display, a head mounted system may have a transparent or translucent display. The transparent or translucent display may have a medium through which light representative of images is directed to a person&#39;s eyes. The display may utilize digital light projection, OLEDs, LEDs, μLEDs, liquid crystal on silicon, laser scanning light sources, or any combination of these technologies. The medium may be an optical waveguide, a hologram medium, an optical combiner, an optical reflector, or any combination thereof. In one embodiment, the transparent or translucent display may be configured to become opaque selectively. Projection-based systems may employ retinal projection technology that projects graphical images onto a person&#39;s retina. Projection systems also may be configured to project virtual objects into the physical environment, for example, as a hologram or on a physical surface. 
     The foregoing is merely illustrative and various modifications can be made to the described embodiments. The foregoing embodiments may be implemented individually or in any combination.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20210819
Publication Date: 20231226
Grant Date: 20231226
Priority Date: 20200910
Inventors: WANG, FORREST C.
SHAH, RITU
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G02B27/0176", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B27/0172", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B27/0179", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K7/20145", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K7/20154", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K7/20209", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B2027/0163", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B27/0176", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B27/0179", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K7/20154", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B2027/0163", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K7/20145", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B27/0172", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K7/20209", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B27/0172", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B27/0179", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B27/0176", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B2027/0163", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 89384026