PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-9357299-B2
Application Number: US-201213679721-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Active protection for acoustic device

Abstract:
A device comprises a housing, an acoustic component coupled to an exterior of the device through an acoustic passage in the housing, and an actuated mechanism operable to close the acoustic passage between the acoustic component and the housing. The actuated mechanism is operable to close the acoustic passage in response to a control signal, where the control signal is indicative of a pressure differential transmittable from the exterior of the device through the acoustic passage to the acoustic component.

Claims:
I claim: 
     
       1. A device comprising:
 a housing surrounding one or more components of the device, the housing defining an acoustic passage; 
 an acoustic component contained within the housing, wherein the acoustic component generates an audible audio signal and is acoustically coupled to an exterior of the device via the acoustic passage; and 
 an actuation mechanism operable to close the acoustic passage between the acoustic component and the housing in response to a control signal indicative of a pressure differential transmitted from the exterior of the device along the acoustic passage to the acoustic component. 
 
     
     
       2. The device of  claim 1 , wherein the control signal comprises a feedback signal generated by the acoustic component, the feedback signal indicative of the pressure differential as transmitted from the exterior of the device along the acoustic passage to the acoustic component. 
     
     
       3. The device of  claim 1 , further comprising a controller in signal communication with the actuation mechanism and the acoustic component, the controller configured to generate the control signal based on the pressure differential as transmitted to the acoustic component. 
     
     
       4. The device of  claim 3 , further comprising a motion sensor in signal communication with the controller and operable to generate a sensor signal indicative of motion of the device, wherein the control signal is indicative of the pressure differential as transmittable to the acoustic component based on the motion of the device. 
     
     
       5. The device of  claim 4 , wherein the motion sensor comprises an accelerometer. 
     
     
       6. The device of  claim 5 , wherein the controller is further configured to generate the control signal based on an orientation of the device, the orientation defined by the sensor signal from the accelerometer. 
     
     
       7. The device of  claim 1 , wherein the housing comprises a cover glass having the acoustic passage defined therein. 
     
     
       8. The device of  claim 7 , wherein the acoustic component comprises a speaker coupled to the exterior of the device through the acoustic passage in the cover glass. 
     
     
       9. The device of  claim 1 , wherein the actuation mechanism comprises an electromagnetic actuator operable to close the acoustic passage by actuation of a shutter or valve. 
     
     
       10. The device of  claim 1 , wherein the actuation mechanism comprises a microelectrical mechanical or solid state actuator having the acoustic aperture defined therein. 
     
     
       11. An electronic device comprising:
 a housing defining an acoustic port; 
 an acoustic device within the housing, the acoustic device adapted to generate an audible audio signal and having an acoustic coupling to an exterior of the housing through the acoustic port; and 
 an actuator configured to open and close the acoustic port, such that the acoustic coupling is substantially reduced when the acoustic port is closed; 
 wherein the actuator closes the acoustic port in response to a control signal indicative of sensed movement of the electronic device and a pressure differential transmittable from the exterior of the housing through the acoustic port to the acoustic device. 
 
     
     
       12. The electronic device of  claim 11 , wherein the housing comprises a cover glass having the acoustic port therein. 
     
     
       13. The electronic device of  claim 12 , wherein the acoustic device comprises a microphone having the acoustic coupling to the exterior of the housing through the acoustic port in the cover glass. 
     
     
       14. The electronic device of  claim 11 , further comprising a controller in signal communication with the acoustic device and the actuator, the controller operable to generate the command signal based on feedback from the acoustic device, wherein the feedback is indicative of the pressure differential as transmitted through the acoustic port. 
     
     
       15. The electronic device of  claim 14 , wherein the movement of the electronic device is determined by a motion sensor in signal communication with the controller. 
     
     
       16. A method comprising:
 generating an audio signal with a speaker coupled to an external acoustic field via an acoustic passage in a housing of a portable electronic device; 
 opening the acoustic passage between the acoustic device and the housing such that the audio signal corresponds to the external acoustic field; 
 generating a control signal based on a pressure differential transmitted through the acoustic passage from the exterior of the housing to the acoustic device; and 
 closing the acoustic passage such that the acoustic device is substantially isolated from the pressure differential when the pressure differential exceeds a threshold. 
 
     
     
       17. The method of  claim 16 , further comprising generating a sensor signal indicative of motion of the portable electronic device, wherein generating the control signal is based on the sensor signal as indicative of the pressure differential transmitted through the acoustic passage based on the motion of the portable electronic device. 
     
     
       18. The method of  claim 16 , wherein closing the acoustic passage comprises causing an actuation mechanism to move a shutter from a first position to a second position. 
     
     
       19. The method of  claim 16 , further comprising closing the acoustic passage based on detected movement of the portable electronic device. 
     
     
       20. The method of  claim 16 , wherein the movement of the portable electronic device is detected by an accelerometer.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This subject matter of this disclosure relates generally to acoustic components for electronic devices. In particular, the disclosure relates to microphones and other acoustically coupled components for mobile and handheld devices, tablet computers, personal computers, cellular phones, personal digital assistants, media players, and other portable and stationary electronics applications. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Modern consumer and specialty electronic devices utilize a range of different acoustically coupled audio components, including microphones, pickups, speakers, and emitters. Depending on application, acoustic devices such as these can be configured to provide a wide variety of different electronics functionality, including voice communications, voice control, audio recording, motion sensing, and media playback and development. 
     In general, acoustically coupled audio devices must be designed to withstand a range of input and sensitivity levels. This can be particularly relevent in handheld, mobile, and other portable electronics applications, which may be subject to a range of uncontrolled environmental effects including dropping, impact and shock. 
     To address these concerns, a variety of different acoustic protection technologies are available, including acoustic mesh, foam, grille and acoustic gasket-type components. In addition to providing acoustic shock protection, such devices can also be configured to address the problems of water intrusion, contamination, and other environmental effects. 
     At the same time, acoustic mesh-based components and similar foam, grille, and gasket technologies also introduce materials between the acoustic device and the acoustic field. These materials may impact sound quality, requiring design tradeoffs between the required level of acoustic protection and desired acoustic performance. These tradeoffs, moreover, are typically manifested differently in different audio frequency ranges, and across the relevant subsonic and ultrasonic bands. As a result, there is a continuous need for improved acoustic protection techniques for acoustically coupled audio devices, including, but not limited to, microphones, speakers, pickups, emitters and other acoustic components on mobile, portable and handheld computing devices, and in other consumer and specialty electronics applications. 
     SUMMARY 
     This disclosure relates to electronic devices having acoustically coupled components, and methods of operating the devices. In various examples and embodiments, the devices may include a housing having an acoustic passage, an acoustic component coupled to an exterior of the device via the acoustic passage, and a mechanism operable to close the acoustic passage between the acoustic device and the housing. The mechanism may be actuated to close the acoustic passage in response to a control signal, where the control signal is indicative of a pressure differential that is transmitted, may be transmitted, or is transmittable from the exterior of the device to the acoustic component, propagating along the acoustic passage. 
     Depending on application, the control signal may comprise feedback (or a feedback signal) generated by the acoustic component, as indicative of the pressure differential transmitted from the exterior of the device to the acoustic component. The device may also include a controller in signal communication with the acoustic component and the actuator mechanism, where the controller is configured to generate the control signal based on the transmitted pressure differential. 
     In additional examples, the device may include a motion sensor in signal communication with the actuated mechanism or controller, or both, operable to generate a sensor signal indicative of motion of the device. Thus the control signal may also be indicative of the pressure differential as transmittable to the acoustic component, based on the motion of the device, for example where the motion sensor signal serves as a predictor or initial indicator of an impact or air burst event. 
     Depending on configuration, the motion sensor may comprise an accelerometer, and the controller can be further configured to generate the control signal based on an orientation of the device, as defined by the sensor signal from the accelerometer. Alternatively, a gyro sensor or gyroscope device may be used, or another motion sensitive device such as magnetometer or magnetic field indicator. 
     Depending on configuration, the device housing may include a cover glass, in which the acoustic passage can be defined. The acoustic component itself may comprise a microphone coupled to the exterior device via the acoustic passage in the cover glass, or a pickup, speaker, emitter, or other acoustically coupled component. 
     The actuator (or actuated mechanism) can utilize a solenoid or other electromagnetic actuator operable to close the acoustic passage by operation of a shutter or valve. In other designs, a microelectricalmechanical (MEMs) system or solid state actuator can be used, for example where the acoustic aperture is defined through the MEMs device or solid state actuator chip. 
     In additional applications, an electronic device may include a housing with an acoustic port, an acoustic device within the housing, and an actuator operable to close the acoustic port. The acoustic port may provide an acoustic coupling between the acoustic device and the device exterior, through the housing and acoustic port, and the actuator can be configured to open and close the port so, that the acoustic coupling is reduced. For example, the actuator may be operable to close the port in response to a control signal indicative of a pressure differential, where the pressure differential is transmitted or transmittable from the exterior of the housing through the acoustic port to the acoustic device. 
     In particular examples of the device, the housing may include a cover glass, for example a front glass, a back glass, or both. The acoustic device can include a microphone, with acoustic coupling to the exterior defined through the acoustic port in the cover glass. Alternatively, a pickup, speaker, emitter, or other acoustically coupled component may be utilized. 
     The electronic device can also include a controller in signal communication with the acoustic device and the actuator, where the controller is operable to generate the command signal based on feedback from the acoustic device. The feedback (or feedback signal), for example, may be indicative of the pressure differential transmitted from the exterior of the device through the acoustic port. 
     A motion sensor may be provided in signal communication with the controller, in order to provide a sensor signal indicative of motion of the device. The controller may be operable to generate the command signal based on the sensor signal from the motion sensor, so that the command signal is indicative of the pressure differential as (potentially) transmittable through the acoustic port, based on the motion of the device. Alternatively, the command signal may be indicative of the pressure differential as (actually) transmitted through the acoustic port, either utilizing the feedback signal or the motion sensor signal, where the motion sensor signal is indicative of motion preceding or accompanying a drop, impact, air burst, or acoustic shock event. 
     Methods of operating such portable electronic devices include generating an audio signal with an acoustically coupled component or acoustic device, where the acoustic device or component is coupled to an exterior acoustic field via an acoustic passage passing through the device housing. The acoustic passage may be opened between the acoustic device and the device housing, so that the audio signal is related to the acoustic field, for example by sampling the field with a microphone or pickup, or by generating the field with a microphone or emitter. 
     A control signal can be generated based on a pressure differential that is transmittable or transmitted through the acoustic passage, from exterior of the housing to the acoustic device. In operation of the device, the acoustic passage may be closed based on the control signal, for example between the acoustic device and the housing, so that the coupling to the external acoustic field is reduced, and the acoustic device is substantially or at least partially isolated from the pressure differential. 
     Depending on application, the audio signal may thus be generated as indicative of the external acoustic field, for example using a microphone or emitter, and the control signal may be based on the audio signal, as indicative of the pressure differential being over a threshold. Alternatively, the audio signal may generate the external acoustic field, for example using a speaker or emitter. 
     In addition, a sensor signal indicative of motion of the portable electronic device can also be generated. The control signal can be based at least in part on such as sensor signal, as indicative of the pressure differential transmittable through the acoustic passage based on the motion of the device, for example by signaling an incipient drop, impact, or air burst event, or the onset of such an event. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1A  is a front perspective view of an electronic device, in a communications embodiment, with an active protection mechanism for acoustically coupled components. 
         FIG. 1B  is a rear perspective view of the device in  FIG. 1A . 
         FIG. 2A  is a front perspective view of the electronic device, in an alternate configuration. 
         FIG. 2B  is a rear perspective view of the device in  FIG. 2A . 
         FIG. 3A  is a front view of the electronic device, in a media player configuration. 
         FIG. 3B  is a perspective view of the electronic device, in a tablet computer configuration. 
         FIG. 4  is a block diagram illustrating internal and external components of the electronic device. 
         FIG. 5A  is a schematic illustration of an acoustically coupled component for the electronic device, showing the active protection mechanism in an open configuration. 
         FIG. 5B  is a schematic illustration of the acoustically coupled component for the electronic device, showing the active protection mechanism in a closed configuration. 
         FIG. 6  is schematic illustration of the acoustic component, in an alternate configuration. 
         FIG. 7  is a block diagram of a method for operating the electronic device, in combination with an active acoustic protection mechanism. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       FIG. 1A  is a perspective view of electronic device  10 , in a communications embodiment, for example a portable phone or digital assistant.  FIG. 1A  is a front view of device  10 , showing front cover (or cover glass)  12 A.  FIG. 1B  is an alternate perspective view of device  10 , showing rear cover (or cover glass)  12 B. In this particular example, display window  14  is defined in front cover glass  12 A, for example between opaque display frame or border  15 . 
     In assembling device  10 , front and back cover glass components  12 A and  12 B can be attached to housing  16 , for example using a bezel or frame assembly  18  to couple front and back covers  12 A and  12 B between bottom and top portions  16 A and  16 B of housing assembly  16 . A variety of mechanical, adhesive and other attachment techniques may be used. Depending on configuration, electronics device or assembly  10  may also accommodate one or more control mechanisms  20 , acoustic devices  22 , and cameras or other accessories  24 . 
     Various acoustic devices and components  22  within device  10  can be coupled to the external acoustic field via acoustic ports and apertures in front glass  12 A, back glass  12 B, and housing  16 . Acoustic devices  22  can also be provided with an active acoustic protection system, as described herein, in order to protect sensitive audio components in the event of an air burst, overpressure or underpressure event, for example when device  10  is dropped or subject to impact, as described below. 
     Additional control and accessory features may also be provided with device  10 , for example volume button and mute switch mechanisms  21  in top portion  16 B of housing  16 , as shown in  FIG. 1B . Device  10  may also include additional audio and acoustic features, including, but not limited to, speakers, microphones, pickups and emitters  22 , and a variety of lighting or indicator features  26  (e.g., a flash unit, light emitting diode, or other indicator or illumination device). 
     Housing  16  and frame  18  are typically formed of a metal and other suitable structural materials, for example aluminum or stainless steel, or a durable plastic or composite material. Front and back cover components  12 A and  12 B are typically formed of a glass or crystalline material, or from a metal or a durable plastic polymer or composite. The terms cover and cover glass may thus be used interchangeably herein, without loss of generality and regardless of material composition, unless otherwise specified. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 1A and 1B , cover components  12 A and  12 B, housing  16  and frame  18  can also accommodate additional audio and accessory features, including, but not limited to, additional speakers, microphones, and other acoustic components  22 , connector apertures  30  for power and data communications, mechanical fasteners  32 , and access ports  34  (e.g., for a subscriber identity module, flash memory device, or other internal component). Electronic device  10  is thus adaptable to a range of different stationary, mobile and portable device configurations, including, but not limited to, digital assistants, media players, and personal or tablet computing applications, as described herein. 
       FIG. 2A  is a front view of electronic device  10  in an alternate configuration, for example an advanced mobile device or smartphone. As shown in  FIG. 2A , speakers, microphones and other audio components  22  can be acoustically coupled through ports or apertures in front glass  12 A, and bottom portion  16 A of housing  16 .  FIG. 2B  is a back view of device  10 , showing back glass  12 B as two separate inlay or inset components, which may also accommodate one or more acoustically coupled audio components  22 . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 2A and 2B , housing  16  can be provided in a multi-piece beveled configuration, with bottom housing  16 A, top housing  16 B, and middle plate  16 C. Middle plate  16 C may extend across the back of device  10 , between back glass insets  12 B, forming side housing portions  16 D between top and bottom housings  16 A and  16 B. Device  10  can also accommodate a range of different control buttons  20  and switches  21 , for example a hold button mechanism  20  in top housing  16 B, along with various cameras and other accessory features  24 ,  26 ,  30 , and  32 , as described above. 
       FIG. 3A  is a front view of electronic device  10 , in a media player embodiment, showing display window  14  within border  15  on front glass  12 A. In this particular example, a home button or other control mechanism  20  may be provided in front glass  12 A, with a speaker or other acoustic device  22  in the side portion of housing  16 . As illustrated by  FIG. 3A , the aspect ratio of device  10  varies, and the horizontal and vertical orientations may be arbitrary. Thus, the various top, bottom, and side designations of the different components of device  10  may be interchanged without loss of generality, unless otherwise specified. 
     In one particular configuration, for example, housing  16  may have a substantially unitary construction, formed together with the back cover of device  10 , and device  10  may be rotated freely in operation. One or both of housing  16  and frame  18  can also be formed of a plastic or other durable polymer material, or using a combination of metal, polymer, plastic and composite materials, and front glass  12 A can be attached to housing  16  via adhesive coupling to frame  18 . 
       FIG. 3B  is a perspective (corner) view of electronic device  10 , in a computer embodiment, for example a tablet computer, pad computer, or other hand-held computing device, or a computer monitor or display. Front glass  12 A accommodates display window  14  within border  15 , as described above. One or more control mechanisms  21  and acoustic devices  22  are provided in the top, bottom or side portions of housing  16 . As shown in  FIG. 3B , housing  16  may be coupled to front glass  12 A with a beveled frame assembly  18 , or utilizing an internal bezel groove, for example as provided in either housing  16  or frame  18 . 
       FIG. 4  is a block diagram illustrating various internal and external components of electronic device  10 , including controller  42 , display  43  within display window  14 , accelerometer or other motion sensor  44 , and internal accessories and control features  45 . Hard-wired or wireless communication connections  46  may also be provided, in order to support various external accessories  47 , host devices  48 , and networks  49 . One or more acoustic devices or acoustically coupled components  22  may be provided within cover  16  or cover glass  12 , for example in the top, bottom, and side housing portions, or in the front and rear cover glass components  12 A and  12 B, as described above. 
     Device  10  encompasses a range of different portable and stationary electronic applications, as in  FIGS. 3A-3B , as well as hybrid devices such as mobile telephones with media player capabilities, game players, remote global positioning and telecommunications devices, laptop, desktop, notebook, handheld and ultraportable computer devices, and other portable and stationary electronic devices  10 . Depending on embodiment, cover glass  12  may be configured as one or more of a front glass  12 A, back glass  12 B, or a specialty (e.g., camera or lens) cover glass, and control/accessory features  45  may include one or more control mechanisms  20  and  21 , cameras and other accessories  24 , and indicator or illumination features  26 , as described above. 
     Additional sensor components may also be provided, for example an accelerometer, magnetic sensor or other position or motion sensor  44 . Depending on application, device  10  may also incorporate a global positioning system (GPS) and haptic feedback mechanisms such as a vibration motor or actuator. Available external accessories  47  include headphones, speakers, displays, and other external components. 
     As shown in  FIG. 4 , controller  42  is electronically coupled to display  43 , accelerometer or other motion sensor  44 , control/accessory features  45 , and one or more acoustic components  22 . Controller  42  includes various microprocessor (μp) and memory components, which can be configured to control device  10  by executing a combination of operating system and application software, in order to provide functionality including, but not limited to, voice communications, voice control, media playback and development, internet browsing, email, messaging, gaming, security, transactions, navigation, and personal assistant functions. Control components  42  may also include communication interfaces and other input-output (IO) devices configured to support connections  46  with external accessories  47 , host devices  48 , and network systems  49 , including hard-wired, wireless, audio, visual, infrared (IR), and radio frequency (RF) communications. 
     As the industry advances, electronic devices  10  are subject to ever-greater acoustic performance requirements. In response, the number and sensitivity of microphones and other acoustic devices  22  on device  10  tends to increase. In smartphone and mobile device applications, for example, multiple microphone and speaker configurations can be integral to offering optimal audio performance and response, and acoustic device positioning may have a substantial impact of advanced techniques such as beam forming for noise cancellation, voice recognition, and overall audio quality. 
     To address these design demands, microphones and other acoustic devices  22  can be placed on both user (front) and back-side surfaces of cover glass  12 , and in housing  16  along the perimeter of device  10 . Where sensitive audio components are placed on the substantially flat or planer front glass (user side) and back glass (back side) surfaces, however, there is a potential for air burst passage through the acoustic port, for example in real-life mobile device events such as a face drop or back drop onto a flat surface. 
     In particular, drop and shock events may result in a substantial overpressure or underpressure across acoustic ports located on the front or back surfaces of cover glass  12 , presenting a risk of possible damage to microphone diaphragms, speaker cones, and other sensitive acoustical-mechanical components. Acoustic devices  22  in housing  16  may also be subject to damage from external effects, for example side or perimeter impacts and high-intensity external acoustic fields, for example loud music and other sources of high amplitude acoustic waves or shocks. 
     Traditionally, acoustic meshes are placed in front of the microphone ports, both to protect from debris and to provide damping and resistance in the event of an air burst or other acoustic shock or impact event. Acoustic meshes and other passive devices, however, are limited in effectiveness, because substantial pressure waves and acoustic energy may still be able to pass through the porous mesh, foam, or grille materials, particularly in large air burst and acoustic shock events. 
     To address these design concerns, and increase the service life of individual acoustic components  22 , device  10  may utilize an active mechanical or electromechanical system to sense the onset of an impending drop or shock event, for example as characterized by an increase or decrease in pressure across the acoustic aperture, or based on motion of the device. In response to such an event, or its onset, the active acoustic protection system is operable to actuate a mechanism to close the acoustic port, providing a mechanical seal across the corresponding acoustic aperture(s) and passage(s). Closing the acoustic passage substantially reduces the overpressure or underpressure experienced by acoustic device  22 , lowering the risk of damage and increasing service life, as described below. 
       FIG. 5A  is a schematic illustration of acoustic device  22 , for example a microphone, speaker, emitter, pickup or other acoustically coupled audio component for electronic device  10 , as described above, or another consumer-based or specialty electronics application. As shown in  FIG. 5A , acoustic device  22  is coupled to acoustic field  50  through an acoustic aperture or port  52  in a cover glass or other housing component  54 , for example in front or back cover glass  12 A or  12 B of device  10 , or in device housing  16 . 
     Acoustic port  52  may include one or more holes or openings  53  in housing  54 , for example a microphone or speaker port  52  defined by one or more suitable acoustic openings or passages  53 . The number of individual apertures or passages  53  may be one or more, and may vary from application to application, depending on the desired acoustic performance of electronic device  10 , and the corresponding operational characteristics of acoustically coupled component  22 . 
     Housing structure  54  may comprise a substantially flat or planar cover glass or cover component  12 A or  12 B, as described above, or other suitable housing component  16 . Acoustic apertures  53  extend from the interior to the exterior of housing  54 , coupling acoustic device  22  on the inside of device  10  to acoustic field  50  on the outside of device  10 . In mobile device and other portable electronics applications, for example, acoustic aperture(s)  53  may be exposed to air on outside surface  54 B of device housing  54 , in order to couple a microphone diaphragm, speaker cone, pickup, emitter, or other acoustical-mechanical element  56  of acoustic device  22  to a substantially freely propagating acoustic field  50  on the exterior of device  10 . 
     To protect acoustic device  22  from the effects of overpressure, underpressure, air burst, and other drop, shock, or impact related events, active acoustic protection mechanism  60  is provided, for example between acoustic device  22  and inside surface  54 A of housing  54 , as shown in  FIG. 5A , opposite outside surface  54 B of housing  54 , and proximate acoustic port  52 . In one particular configuration, for example, mechanism  60  may include an actuator  62  for operating one or more valve or shutter components  64 A and  64 B, in response a control signal based on pressure or feedback signal F from acoustic device  22 . 
     In operation of such a mechanism  60 , actuator  62  is actuated to position one or more valve members or shutter components  64 A or  64 B across acoustic port  52 , in order to close or seal off acoustic aperture(s) or passage(s)  53 . With mechanism  60  in the actuated or closed position (see  FIG. 5B ), pressure differentials across acoustic port  52  are dampened, reflected, or otherwise reduced in amplitude along acoustic passage(s)  53 , between housing  54  and acoustic device  22 . As a result, energy transfer to device  22  can be substantially reduced and acoustic device  22  can be substantially or at least partially isolated from external acoustic field  50 , decreasing the risk of damage to sensitive components including microphone diaphragms, speaker cones, and other acoustical-mechanical elements  56 . 
     Protection mechanism  60  may also incorporate a number of passive acoustic and environmental protection features, including one or more acoustic mesh, grille, foam, or screen components  66 , and various acoustic baffles, gaskets, and other active or passive acoustic elements  68 . These various components may be assembled via a variety of techniques, for example via adhesive or mechanical coupling to one or both of acoustic device  22  and inner surface  54 A of housing  54 , inside acoustic port  52 . Alternatively, one or more mesh, grille, baffle or gasket components may also be provided on exterior surface  54 B of housing  54 , for example over or around acoustic port  52 . 
       FIG. 5B  is a schematic illustration of acoustic device or component  22 , with active protection mechanism  60  in an actuated or closed position. As shown in  FIG. 5B , actuator  62  is operable to position and actuated valve component or shutter member  64 A against stationary valve member or stop  64 B, for example in response to command signal C from controller  42 , in order to close acoustic port  52  and seal off acoustic aperture(s) or passage(s)  53 . 
     Active acoustic protection mechanism  60  may also operate actuator  62  in response to a sound level or pressure feedback signal F from acoustic device  22 , as described above, or based on an impact, drop or shock event indicated by sensor signal S from an accelerometer, gyroscope, or other motion sensor device  44 . In these applications, controller  42  is operable to generate a command or control signal C based on feedback signal F, sensor signal S, or a combination thereof. 
     Thus, mechanism  60  is operable to protect sensitive components  56  of acoustic device  22  from a range of different air burst, overpressure, underpressure and shock effects, whether due to impact or based on ambient noise or pressure levels, for example when device  10  is dropped, or placed in close proximity to a loudspeaker or other noise source. Mechanism  60  is also operable to protect acoustic device  22  from other environmental effects, for example wind shear, or when a user or other person blows into or across acoustic port  52  or aperture(s)  53 . 
     Actuator  62  and shutter or valve components  64 A and  64 B may thus vary in configuration, depending upon the desired response of mechanism  60 . In one configuration, for example, mechanism  60  may be configured to seal acoustic port  52  and aperture(s) or passage(s)  53  utilizing a solenoid driven plunger-type actuator assembly  62 , with one or more corresponding valve or shutter members  64 A and  64 B. In another example, actuator  62  may comprise a solenoid or other linear actuating device, configured to position one or more valve or shutter components  64 A across acoustic aperture(s) or passages(s)  53 , in a closed or sealing arrangement with respect to one or more stationary shutter or valve stop components  64 B, closing off acoustic port  52 . 
     Alternatively, an electromagnetic chip or solid state actuator mechanism  62  may be used, in order to seal one or more acoustic apertures or openings  53  formed within the chip body, between actuated members  64 A and  64 B. Mechanism  60  may also utilize a MEMs type actuator  62  with flappers or other actuated members  64 A or  64 B to seal acoustic port  52  and aperture(s) or passage(s)  53 , or a gear drive on a linear or rotary stepper motor, which actuates one or more arm or cam components  64 A and  64 B to block acoustic port  52  and aperture(s)  53 . In additional configurations, actuator  62  may utilize any of a rotational actuator, gear drive, or lever actuator, in order to position one or more shutter, cam, or valve components  64 A and  64 B across acoustic port  52  and aperture(s)  53  by rotation, linear actuation, or a combination thereof. Additional actuators  62  include suitable electric, magnetic, electromagnetic, mechanical, electromechanical, and piezoelectric mechanisms, in combination with a range of different sliding, rotational, and spring bias, shutter, stop, and iris-type components  64 A and  64 B. 
     In the particular example of a front or back drop event, these various configurations of mechanism  60  are operable to protect acoustic device  22  from a pressure wave or burst of air that can fill the microphone aperture or other acoustic port  52 , as defined in a front or back glass cover portion of housing  54 . Microphone or acoustic device  22  can itself be used to detect the acoustic response from such an air burst, acoustic shock, or overpressure event, based on feedback signal F. 
     A software threshold can be applied to feedback signal F, based on test data, in order to generate a control signal or command for triggering mechanism  60  to activate actuator  62 . Actuator  62  operates to seal acoustic port  52 , for example by positioning one or more shutter or valve members  64 A and  64 B across acoustic apertures or passages  53 . Thus, mechanism  60  operates to seal acoustic port  52  from the environment outside device  10 , substantially or at least partially isolating device  22  from the pressure wave and external acoustic field  50 . 
     To detect a drop event or other sudden acceleration, sensor signal S may also be utilized. Sensor signal S may be generated, for example, from an accelerometer, gyroscope or other motion sensor  44 . Based on test data, a software threshold can also be applied to sensor signal S, in order to detect an imminent or ongoing drop or air burst event. 
     In these applications, sensor signal S can also by utilized to detect the orientation of the product, and controller  42  can adapt control signal C according. For example, if a user drops device  10  onto a flat surface or other impact area from a particular threshold distance, for example 1 meter, motion sensor  44  can measure the device response and controller  42  can issue command signal C, directing mechanism  60  to form a mechanical seal across acoustic port  52  and seal acoustic aperture(s)  53  by operation of actuator  62  and or more shutter or valve members  64 A and  64 B. 
     Sensor signals S from motion sensor  44  can also be utilized to detect the orientation of device  10 , so that controller  42  can issue direct command signal C to a front side or back side mechanism  60 , accordingly, when the corresponding front or back side of device  10  is facing the ground or impact surface. Alternatively, one or more active acoustic protection mechanisms  60  may be configured to close off a number of different acoustic ports  52  and apertures  53  in device  10  based on any combination of suitable feedback signals F and motion sensor signal S, either in dependence on the signal source or independent of the signal source, and either dependent on or independent of the particular orientation and state of motion of device  10 . 
       FIG. 6  is a schematic illustration of acoustic device  22 , in an alternate configuration with acoustic port  52  divided into multiple individual acoustic apertures or passages  53 , for example using acoustic grille (or grill) member  66 A. One or more acoustic grille members  66 A may be provided on or adjacent inner surface  54 A or outer surface  54 B or housing  54 , or within housing  54 , as shown in  FIG. 6 . Additional grille, mesh, foam, and acoustic screen components  66  may also be provided along the interior portion of acoustic passage(s)  53 , between housing  54  and acoustic device  22 , as described above. 
     In the alternate configuration of  FIG. 6 , active acoustic protection mechanism  60  includes one or more actuators  62  operable to position two or more actuated shutter or valve components  64 A and  64 B, in order to close off acoustic port  52  and seal acoustic apertures of passages  53 . Alternatively, one or more shutter or valve components  64 A and  64 B may be stationary, and one or more other components  64 A and  64 B may be actuated, for example using a linear or rotational actuator  62  or other mechanism, as described above with respect to  FIGS. 5A and 5B . 
     Overall, active acoustic protection mechanism  60  is operable to utilize both microphone data and other feedback signals F from acoustic devices  22 , as well as accelerometer, gyroscope and other motion sensor data and signals S, in order to detect events which may generate potentially damaging air bursts and other overpressure, underpressure, or shock conditions across acoustic port  52 . In response to any such signal, mechanism  60  is operable to actuate one or more shutter or valve members  64 A and  64 B via an electromechanical, solid state or other actuator  62 , creating a mechanical and acoustic seal between acoustic device  22  and the environment outside acoustic port  52 . Mechanism  60  may also substantially or at least partially isolate sensitive diaphragms, speaker cones and other acoustically coupled components  56  from external acoustic field  50 , reducing the acoustic coupling to substantially reflect or dampen pressure differentials and acoustic shocks that may be transmittable across acoustic port  52  and along acoustic passages or apertures  53  to acoustic device  22 . 
     Thus, active acoustic protection mechanism  60  improves the reliability and service life of acoustically coupled components  22 , making electronic device  10  more robust to the various real-life situations that are encountered in actual field use. In particular, mechanism  60  provides customers and other users with the ability to subject personal electronics devices  10  to a broad range of extreme use cases and conditions, in which device  10  provides more robust operation when exposed to a variety of different environmental and operational effects, including exposure of microphones and other acoustic devices  22  to air bursts and acoustic shocks. 
       FIG. 7  is a block diagram of method  70  for operating an electronic device, for example device  10  with active protection mechanism  60 , as described above. Method  70  may include one or more steps including, but not limited to, generating an audio signal (step  71 ), opening an acoustic passage (step  72 ), generating a control signal (step  73 ), closing the acoustic passage (step  74 ), and generating a motion signal (step  75 ). 
     Generating the audio signal (step  71 ) may be performed with an acoustic device or audio component, for example a microphone, pickup, speaker or emitter coupled to the external acoustic field via an acoustic passage in the device housing. For example, the audio signal can be generated by a microphone or pickup, for example as an electronic signal indicative of the external acoustic field, propagating along the acoustic passage to the acoustic device. Alternatively, the audio signal can be generated by a speaker or emitter, for example as an audio frequency, ultrasonic or subsonic pressure wave that generates the external acoustic field by propagating through the housing along the acoustic passage, to the exterior of the device. 
     Opening the acoustic passage (step  72 ) may be performed with an actuator and shutter or valve mechanism, or any of the other actuated mechanisms described herein. The acoustic passage may be opened between the acoustic device and the housing, so that the audio signal is related to the external acoustic field. For example, the audio signal may characterize the external field by generating an electrical signal using a microphone or pickup, or the audio signal may generate the external acoustic field with a microphone or emitter, as described above. When the acoustic passage is open, damping and other losses are reduced along the acoustic passage, as compared to the closed configuration. 
     Generating a control signal (step  73 ) may be based on a pressure differential that is transmittable through the acoustic passage, from exterior of the housing to the acoustic element. Feedback signals can be generated not only by microphones and pickups, but also emitters and speakers, which are operable in both actively driven (audio generation) and passively driven (audio reception) modes. 
     Closing the acoustic passage (step  74 ) may be performed based on the control signal, so that the acoustic device is substantially isolated from the pressure differential. For example, the control signal may be based on a feedback signal from the acoustic device, as indicative of the pressure differential actually transmitted the acoustic passage from the outside of the housing to the acoustic device. In this mode of operation, the acoustic aperture can be closed off at the leading edge or onset of the pressure differential, for example when the feedback signal exceeds a particular threshold, in order to prevent damage due to the ensuing air burst or acoustic shock event. 
     A motion sensor signal may also be generated (step  75 ), for example using an accelerometer, gyro sensor, or other motion sensitive device, so that the sensor signal is indicative of motion of the portable electronic device, or of motion and orientation of the device. Thus, generating the control signal (step  73 ) may also be based on the motion sensor signal, as indicative of the pressure differential that is transmittable (or may be transmitted) through the acoustic passage, based on the motion of the device. 
     In this mode of operation, the acoustic aperture can be closed off before the actual air burst or acoustic shock event, for example based on a rotational or free fall signal from an accelerometer or gryo, or based on an impact, before the air bust or acoustic shock actually enters the acoustic passage. Alternatively, the acoustic aperture may be closed off at the onset of the event, as in the feedback based mode, in order to reduce the acoustic coupling and substantially isolate (or at least partially isolate) the acoustic device from the exterior of the device, and to reflect or dampen the differential pressure (overpressure or underpressure) wave before it propagates to the acoustic device. 
     While this invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes can be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, modifications may be made to adapt the teachings of the invention to particular situations and materials, without departing from the essential scope thereof. Thus, the invention is not limited to the particular examples that are disclosed herein, but encompasses all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20121116
Publication Date: 20160531
Grant Date: 20160531
Priority Date: 20121116
Inventors: KWONG KELVIN
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H04R2499/11", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04R3/007", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04R2499/11", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04R3/007", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 50727981