PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-10228009-B2
Application Number: US-201615172089-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Vent for portable electronics combined with enclosure mounting fastener

Abstract:
Fasteners and fastener systems that can act as air vents for enclosures are described. The fasteners can be configured to secure a component to a wall of an enclosure, while at the same time providing a passageway for air to pass between an internal cavity of the enclosure and an outer environment. The venting feature of the fastener can serve to equalize pressures between the internal cavity and outer environment so as to prevent pressure build up or condensation within the internal cavity. The dual functionality of the fasteners is suitable for use in portable electronic devices where compactness and space saving measures can be of importance.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An electronic device, comprising:
 an enclosure defining an internal cavity and having an opening that passes through a wall of the enclosure; 
 a fastener comprising a first end external with respect to the opening and configured to couple a component to the enclosure, the fastener further comprising a second end opposite the first end and positioned in the opening, wherein the fastener defines a passageway for passage of air between the internal cavity and an external environment; 
 a seal element positioned within the opening to form a liquid-tight seal between the fastener and the enclosure; and 
 an air-permeable membrane positioned within the opening and engaged with the seal element, wherein air passing through the fastener passes through the air-permeable membrane. 
 
     
     
       2. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the air-permeable membrane is coupled to the seal element. 
     
     
       3. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the fastener includes a shaft having a vent, wherein the vent is defined by a vent opening configured to engage with an insert positioned within the vent opening. 
     
     
       4. The electronic device of  claim 3 , wherein the vent opening is defined by an interior surface that is threaded and configured to engage with corresponding threads of the insert. 
     
     
       5. The electronic device of  claim 3 , wherein the insert includes an insert opening that allows passage of air between the internal cavity and an external environment. 
     
     
       6. The electronic device of  claim 3 , wherein the insert includes a sensor that accesses the external environment. 
     
     
       7. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the fastener comprises a flange configured to engage with and secure the component to the enclosure. 
     
     
       8. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the seal element is coupled to the second end. 
     
     
       9. The electronic device of  claim 8 , wherein the air-permeable membrane is external with respect to the fastener. 
     
     
       10. A method of coupling a component to an enclosure for an electronic device, the method comprising:
 positioning a seal element within an opening of the enclosure, the opening formed through a wall of the enclosure; 
 securing the component to the enclosure by a fastener, the fastener comprising i) a first end external with respect to the opening and ii) a second end opposite the first end and positioned in the opening, wherein the fastener applies a compression force on the seal element such that the seal element prevents entry of liquid to an internal cavity of the enclosure, wherein the fastener provides defines a passageway for air to pass between the internal cavity and an external environment; and 
 positioning an air-permeable membrane within the opening, the air-permeable membrane engaged with and carrying the seal element, wherein air passing through the fastener passes through the air-permeable membrane. 
 
     
     
       11. The method of  claim 10 , further comprising:
 prior to positioning the fastener within the opening, positioning the air-permeable membrane within the opening, the membrane configured to prevent entry of liquid into the internal cavity from the external environment. 
 
     
     
       12. The method of  claim 10 , wherein the opening of the enclosure comprises a threaded opening, and an exterior surface of the fastener is threaded in accordance with the threaded opening, wherein positioning the fastener within the opening comprises twisting the fastener such that the fastener is screwed within the opening. 
     
     
       13. The method of  claim 10 , wherein positioning the fastener within the opening comprises press-fitting the fastener within the opening. 
     
     
       14. The method of  claim 10 , wherein the fastener includes a shaft having a vent, the vent defined by an interior surface of a vent opening within the fastener, the method further comprising:
 positioning an insert within the vent. 
 
     
     
       15. The method of  claim 14 , wherein the insert cooperates with the fastener to secure the component to the enclosure. 
     
     
       16. An enclosure for an electronic device, the enclosure comprising:
 a wall defining an internal cavity of the enclosure, the wall comprising:
 a through-hole that passes through an exterior surface and an interior surface of the wall, and 
 a partial hole that passes through the interior surface and not through the exterior surface of the enclosure, wherein the through-hole and partial hole are connected by a channel that gives the partial hole access to an external environment; and 
 
 a fastener positioned within the partial hole, the fastener configured to secure a component to the wall, wherein the fastener provides a passageway for air to pass between the internal cavity and the external environment via the partial hole and the through hole. 
 
     
     
       17. The enclosure of  claim 16 , further comprising:
 a compressible seal element that provides a liquid-tight seal between the fastener and the wall. 
 
     
     
       18. The enclosure of  claim 17 , wherein the fastener is configured to apply a force to the compressible seal element sufficient to provide the liquid-tight seal. 
     
     
       19. The enclosure of  claim 18 , further comprising:
 an insert positioned within an opening of the fastener, wherein the insert cooperates with the fastener to secure the component to the wall, wherein the insert is configured to apply a second force to the component sufficient to secure the component to the wall, wherein the second force is different than the force applied to the compressible seal element. 
 
     
     
       20. The enclosure of  claim 17 , wherein the compressible seal element is positioned within the partial hole.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C § 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/221,267, entitled “VENT FOR PORTABLE ELECTRONICS COMBINED WITH ENCLOSURE MOUNTING FASTENER,” filed on Sep. 21, 2015, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     The described embodiments relate generally to venting features for enclosures of electronic devices. More particularly, the present embodiments relate to the combination of fastening components and air vents for enclosures of electronic devices. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Portable consumer electronic devices can be exposed to various liquids from splashes, spills, submersion or even perspiration from user. To address these issues, manufactures often design the enclosures with waterproof features, such as sealants and gaskets around buttons, switches, moving parts and parting lines of the enclosures. 
     One of the consequences of providing a waterproof seal, however, is that the water-tight seal can also create an air-tight seal that prevents air from passing between an internal cavity that houses internal components and the external environment. Over time, this can create pressure differences between the internal cavity and external environment. In turn, this can create pressure build-up within the enclosure that could potentially affect the structural integrity of the enclosure. Additionally, any moisture trapped within the internal cavity can condense onto internal electronic components, causing shorting and malfunction of the electronic device. What is needed, therefore, are waterproof enclosure designs that allow for venting and equalizing of air pressures, especially within the confined small spaces of many modern portable electronic devices. 
     SUMMARY 
     This paper describes various embodiments that relate to air vent features for enclosures. In particular embodiments, the air vents are incorporated into fasteners that secure components to enclosures. This provides a compact and modular air vent design suitable for small enclosures such as those for small form factor portable electronic devices. 
     According to one embodiment, an electronic device is described. The electronic device includes an enclosure defining an internal cavity and having an opening that passes through a wall of the enclosure. The electronic device also includes a fastener positioned within the opening. The fastener is configured to couple a component to the enclosure. The fastener providing a passageway for passage of air between the internal cavity and an external environment. 
     According to another embodiment, a method of coupling a component to an enclosure for an electronic device is described. The method includes positioning a seal element within an opening of the enclosure. The opening is formed through a wall of the enclosure. The method also includes positioning a fastener within the opening such that the fastener secures the component to the enclosure. The fastener applies a compression force on the seal element such that the seal element prevents entry of liquid to an internal cavity of the enclosure. The fastener provides a passageway for air to pass between the internal cavity and an external environment. 
     According to a further embodiment, an enclosure for an electronic device is described. The enclosure includes a wall. The wall includes a through-hole that passes through an exterior surface and an interior surface of the wall. The wall also includes a partial hole that passes through the interior surface and not through the exterior surface of the enclosure. The through-hole and partial hole are connected by a channel that gives the partial hole access to an external environment. The enclosure further includes a fastener positioned within the partial hole. The fastener is configured to secure a component to the wall. The fastener provides a passageway for air to pass between the internal cavity and the external environment via the partial hole and the through hole. 
     These and other embodiments will be described in detail below. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The disclosure will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like structural elements. 
         FIG. 1  shows a cross-section view of an electronic device that includes a vent fastener. 
         FIG. 2  shows a perspective internal view of the enclosure shown in  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3  illustrates a perspective internal view of an enclosure showing how to form a through-hole and a partial hole create a hidden opening for a vent fastener. 
         FIG. 4  shows a cross-section view of the enclosure shown in  FIG. 3  after assembly of the vent fastener and a component. 
         FIG. 5  shows a cross-section view of an enclosure that includes a fastener with an insert. 
         FIG. 6  shows a cross-section view of an enclosure that includes a fastener with an insert that includes a functional device. 
         FIGS. 7A-7E  show cross-section views of different fasteners having flanges. 
         FIGS. 8A-8D  show cross-section views of different fasteners without flanges. 
         FIG. 9  shows a flowchart indicating a process for coupling a component to an enclosure using a vent fastener. 
         FIG. 10  shows a flowchart indicating a process for providing a hidden vent within an enclosure. 
         FIG. 11  shows a flowchart indicating a process for replacing a seal element and/or a vent fastener. 
         FIG. 12  shows a cross-section view of an enclosure that includes a vent fastener in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Reference will now be made in detail to representative embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the following descriptions are not intended to limit the embodiments to one preferred embodiment. To the contrary, it is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as can be included within the spirit and scope of the described embodiments as defined by the appended claims. 
     The following disclosure relates to venting features for enclosures and housing for electronic devices. A vent, corresponding to an opening within an enclosure of an electronic device, can allow air to flow between an internal cavity and an external environment, thereby equalizing the pressure there between. The vent can be located within a fastener used to couple a component to the enclosure, thereby combining functions of the fastener. In some cases, the vent corresponds to a hole or channel formed lengthwise through the fastener. The combined function of the fastener as a coupling device and as a vent can save space within the electronic device and modularize the vent, allowing for easy access and replacement of the vent fastener. The fastener can be a screw, a press-fit insert, pin, or any other suitable fastener type. 
     In some embodiments, the fastener is positioned within an opening of a wall of the enclosure such that the fastener can be easily removed and reinstalled in the enclosure. A seal or gasket can be positioned between the fastener and the enclosure to prevent liquid from entering into the internal cavity of the enclosure. In some embodiments, the seal is in the form of an O-ring or other type of compression gasket that is compressed between the fastener and the enclosure, radially sealing the fastener within the opening of the wall. 
     In some embodiments, an air-permeable membrane is used in conjunction with the vent to prevent water and other liquids from passing through the vent and intruding into the internal cavity of the electronic device. The membrane can be waterproof, i.e., made of a hydrophobic material, which wicks away water, further inhibiting intrusion of water and moisture. The membrane can be a permanent feature of the fastener or designed to be removably coupled to the fastener. In some embodiments, a cosmetic layer or mesh is used to cover the membrane for aesthetic appeal. 
     The fastener can be used to couple any suitable component to the enclosure. In some embodiments, the fastener is used to couple an internal component, such as a speaker, internal button component, or sensor, to a wall within the internal cavity of the enclosure. In some embodiments, the fastener is used to couple an external component, such as a display component, button, or cosmetic feature, to the enclosure. 
     The vent features described herein are well suited for implementation with consumer products. For example, the vent features can be used in the design and manufacture of housings and enclosures for portable electronic devices (e.g., mobile phones, wearable electronics, media players, and tablet computers), desktop or larger computers, and electronic device accessories, such as those manufactured by Apple Inc., based in Cupertino, Calif. 
     These and other embodiments are discussed below with reference to  FIGS. 1-11 . However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the detailed description given herein with respect to these Figures is for explanatory purposes only and should not be construed as limiting. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a cross-section view of a portion of electronic device  100  that includes a vent in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, electronic device  100  corresponds to a portable electronic device, such as a wearable electronic device (e.g., electronic watch), portable phone, or tablet computer. Electronic device  100  includes enclosure  102 , which defines internal cavity  104  that is configured to house internal electronic components such as an integrated circuit, battery, sensors, antenna, display module, etc. Enclosure  102  includes enclosure wall  106 , which serves as a boundary between internal cavity  104  and external environment  108 . Enclosure wall  106  has opening  110  that extends through enclosure wall  106 , thereby providing a passageway between internal cavity  104  and external environment  108 . Thus, opening  110  can be referred to as a through-hole. 
     Fastener  112  is designed to fit within opening  110  and secure component  114  to enclosure  102 . Fastener  112  can correspond to a screw, bolt, nut, press-fit insert or snap-fit insert. Fastener  112  includes shaft  118 , which is positioned within opening  110 , and flange  113 , which protrudes from shaft  118 . Flange  113  can engage with component  114  and can act as a screw head that aids in the turning of fastener  112  if fastener  112  is a screw. In some embodiments, flange  113  includes features  115 , such as indentations, that can mate with a tool to aid insertion and removal of fastener  112  within opening  110 . Fastener  112  can be any suitable type of fastener and can be made of any suitable material. In some embodiments, fastener  112  is a screw that has threads formed along an exterior surface of shaft  118  of fastener  112 . In this case, enclosure wall  106  within opening  110  will have corresponding threads that engage with the threads of fastener  112 . In other embodiments, fastener  112  is a press-fit insert or snap-fit that does not have threads. A press-fit insert or snap-fit insert may be desirable if enclosure wall  106  is made of a material that is too brittle or compressible for forming adequate threads. 
     The material of fastener  112  can be chosen based on any of a number of factors, such as tensile strength, electrical conductivity, thermal conductively, and/or corrosion resistance. In some embodiments, fastener  112  is made of a metal material, such as stainless steel or aluminum alloy. In other embodiments, fastener  112  is made of a plastic material. In some embodiments, fastener  112  is made of both metal and plastic. The shape of fastener  112  can vary depending on design choice. In some embodiments, shaft  118  has a cylindrical shape (round cross-section) corresponding to a cylindrically shaped opening  110 . In other embodiments, shaft  118  has a polygonal cross-section (e.g., square cross-section). 
     Component  114  can correspond to any suitable electronic or non-electronic component. In a particular embodiment, component  114  is a speaker that creates audible sound for a user of electronic device  100  to hear. Alternatively, component  114  can be a button assembly, sensor, battery, antenna, printed circuit board, camera, or any other suitable internal component. In some embodiments, fastener  112  is configured to couple more than one component  114  to enclosure  102 . In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1 , fastener  112  is configured to secure component  114  to internal surface  119  of enclosure wall  106  such that component  114  is within internal cavity  104  of enclosure  102 . It should be noted, however, that in other embodiments fastener  112  is configured to secure component  114  to external surface  117  of enclosure wall  106 . 
     In addition to fastening component  114  to enclosure  102 , fastener  112  also includes vent  116 , which corresponds to an opening within fastener  112  defined by interior surface  126 . Vent  116  acts as a channel for air to flow between internal cavity  104  and external environment  108 . This allows for pressure equalization between internal cavity  104  and external environment  108 , thereby preventing pressure build-up within internal cavity  104  as electronic device  100  experiences temperature changes during normal use of electronic device  100 . Vent  116  can also prevent condensation on electrical components within internal cavity  104  that could cause electrical shorts and malfunction of electronic device  100 . Furthermore, the flow of air between internal cavity  104  and external environment  108  can act as a passive cooling mechanism for cooling electronic components, such as integrated circuits, that may be housed within enclosure  102 . Because of the multiple function of fastener  112  as a coupling agent and a vent, fastener  112  can be referred to as a vent fastener. 
     Note that in the embodiment of  FIG. 1 , vent  116  runs axially through the length of shaft  118  of fastener  112  and concentric with shaft  118 . However, vent  116  can be positioned in any location within fastener  112 . For example, vent  116  can be offset with respect to an axial center of fastener  112 . Furthermore, vent  116  can have any suitable shape and size. In some embodiments, vent  116  has round cross-section shape, while in other embodiments vent  116  has a polygonal cross-section shape. 
     In some embodiments, seal element  120  is positioned between fastener  112  and enclosure wall  106 . Seal element  120  can be an O-ring or other type of compression gasket that radially surrounds fastener and creates a liquid-tight seal, thereby preventing liquid from entering between fastener  112  and enclosure wall  106  and into internal cavity  104 . In some embodiments, seal element  120  is in the form of an adhesive or polymer material that can be applied in liquid form, or an adhesive tape. Seal element  120  can be made of any suitable material, such as compressible silicone, polymer or rubber compositions. As seal element  120  wears during normal use, fastener  112  can be removed from opening  110  allowing access to seal element  120  for replacement. 
     In some embodiments, membrane  122  is positioned within the airflow pathway between internal cavity  104  and external environment  108 . Membrane  122  is designed to allow passage of air while blocking liquids, such as water, oil and grease. In this way, membrane  122  can be referred to as a semipermeable membrane or air-permeable membrane. If seal element  120  creates an airtight seal between fastener  112  and enclosure wall  106 , any air entering or exiting internal cavity  104  is forced to pass though vent  116  and membrane  122 , unless enclosure  102  includes other opening that allow air to pass between internal cavity and external environment. 
     Membrane  122  can be made of any suitable material. In some embodiments, membrane  122  is made of a hydrophobic material (e.g., waterproof or water resistant material) in the form of a mesh having very small holes. The hydrophobic material can include, for example, a fluoropolymer material (e.g., polytetrafluoroethylene) that wicks away water and moisture, further deterring the water and moisture from entering into internal cavity  104 . In some embodiments, cosmetic mesh  124  is positioned between membrane  122  and external environment  108  to cover and hide membrane  122  from view of a user. For example, cosmetic mesh  124  may have a dark color (e.g., black) to cover a white or light colored membrane  122 . In some embodiments, cosmetic mesh  124  can also serve to protect membrane  122  from being punctured—in which case cosmetic mesh  124  can be made of a durable and puncture resistance material. Note that membrane  122  and/or cosmetic mesh  124  can be positioned in any suitable location within the airflow passageway between internal cavity  104  and external environment  108  and that  FIG. 1  only shows one possible arrangement. For example, membrane  122  and/or cosmetic mesh  124  can be positioned within fastener  112  and/or opening  110  of enclosure wall  106  instead of on or proximate to seal element  120 . 
     Since vent  116  is positioned within fastener  112 , this saves valuable space within internal cavity  104 . In particular, there is no need to provide room for another opening in a separate location along enclosure wall  106  for a separate vent. Providing more openings within enclosure wall  106  could also negatively affect the structural integrity as well as the aesthetic appeal of enclosure wall  106 . Another advantage to combining vent  116  with fastener  112  is that the presence of fastener  112  within opening  110  can buttress this region of enclosure wall  106  around opening  110 . That is, opening  110  without fastener  112  positioned therein may impair the structural soundness of enclosure wall  106 . Fastener  112  can ameliorate this problem or even improve the soundness of enclosure wall  106  around opening  110 . 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a perspective internal view of a portion of enclosure  102  of electronic device  100 . In this view, an opposing side of fastener  112  and component  114  are shown. As shown, component  114  can include bracket portion  114   a  and main portion  114   b . Fastener  112  can be positioned within a first hole  202  of bracket portion  114   a  such that flange  113  engages with bracket portion  114   a  to secure component  114  to enclosure wall  106 . Vent  116  provides a channel for air to pass between opposing sides of enclosure wall  106 . In some embodiments, bracket portion  114   a  includes second hole  204  for second fastener (not shown) to fully secure component  114  to enclosure wall  106 . In some embodiments, the second fastener includes a vent similar to fastener  112 . In other embodiments, the second fastener does not include a vent. If fastener  112  is a screw, features  115  can be used as engagement members for aiding rotation of fastener  112  for inserting and removing fastener  112  into and out of first hole  202 . 
     In some embodiments, the opening within an enclosure wall to accommodate the fastener is hidden from view of a user. One such embodiment is shown in  FIGS. 3 and 4 , which illustrate perspective and cross-section views, respectively, of electronic device  300 .  FIG. 3  shows a perspective view of an internal portion of enclosure  302  of electronic device  300 , prior to assembly of a component a fastener. Note that a portion of enclosure wall  306  is illustrated as transparent such that first cutting tool  303  and second cutting tool  304  can be viewed. First and second cutting tools  302  and  304  can correspond to “t-cutters” that can be operated by computer numerical code (CNC). 
     Large opening  305  is formed through an interior surface of enclosure wall  306 , but not all the way through enclosure wall  306  (i.e., not through an exterior surface of enclosure wall  306 ). Large opening  305  forms pocket  308 , which is configured to accommodate a component (not shown). Openings  307  are formed within pocket  308  and through enclosure wall  306 , and therefore can be referred to as through-holes. Openings  307  allow access to a component within enclosure  302 . For example, openings  307  can allow sound from a speaker component to pass through enclosure wall  306 . As another example, openings  307  can allow light from an external environment to reach a sensor component. It should be noted that any suitable number of openings  307  can be formed within enclosure  302 , including only one opening or multiple openings. In addition, the shape of each of openings  307  can be of any suitable shape, including round, oblong (e.g., lozenge shaped) or polygonal shape. 
     First cutting tool  303  can be used to cut partial opening  310  (a.k.a., partial hole) through an interior surface of enclosure wall  306 , but not all the way through of enclosure wall  306  (i.e., not through an exterior surface of enclosure wall  306 ). Partial opening  310  is configured to accommodate a fastener (not shown). Second cutting tool  304  can then be used to cut material between partial opening  310  and pocket  308 , thereby creating a continuous channel from partial opening  310  to openings  307 . 
       FIG. 4  shows a cross-section view of electronic device  300  after fastener  402  and component  404  are assembled on enclosure wall  306 . As described above, component  404  can be any suitable functional component, such as a speaker that produces sound, a sensor that senses moisture or light, a light emitter that shines light, etc. As shown, partial opening  310  is formed through interior surface  414  but not through exterior surface  406  of enclosure wall  306 . Partial opening  310  is connected to pocket  308  by channel  408 , cut by second cutting tool  304  described above. Pocket  308 , in turn, provides access to external environment  411  via openings  307  (shown in  FIG. 3 ). Thus, air can pass through partial opening  310 , channel  408 , pocket  308  and gain access to external environment  411  by openings  307  (shown in  FIG. 3 ). 
     Fastener  402  is positioned within partial opening  310  to couple component  404  to enclosure wall  306 . In some embodiments, fastener  402  includes flange  401 , which engages with component  404 , and features  405 , which aid insertion and removal of fastener  402  within partial opening  310 . Fastener  402  can be a screw, where the exterior surface of shaft  407  includes threads that engage with corresponding threads of enclosure wall  306  within partial opening  310 . Seal element  403 , such as a compressible O-ring, can be used to provide a water resistance seal between fastener  402  and enclosure wall  306 . 
     Fastener  402  includes vent  410 , which corresponds to an opening within fastener  402 . Membrane  412  can be a semipermeable membrane designed to allow passage of air while blocking liquids, such as water, oil and grease. This configuration provides a continuous channel for air to pass through fastener  402  between internal cavity  409  and external environment  411 , allowing equalization of pressure of internal cavity  409  with external environment  411 . 
     One of the advantages of the configuration of electronic device  300  is that a separate opening for a vent within exterior surface  406  of enclosure wall  306  is not required. That is, openings  307  serve to access component  404  as well as to access to vent  410 . This minimizes the number of visible openings within enclosure wall  312 , which can add to the cosmetic appeal of enclosure  302  and electronic device  300 . In addition, since membrane  412  is within partial opening  310 , it is not visible to a user and thus does not need to be covered with a cosmetic mesh. 
     In some embodiments the fastener is configured to accommodate one or more inserts resulting in a stacked fastener configuration.  FIG. 5  illustrates a cross-section view of a portion of enclosure wall  506  of electronic device  500 , which includes insert  516  in accordance with some embodiments. Enclosure wall  506  includes partial opening  511 , which is formed through interior surface  512  but not through exterior surface  515  of enclosure wall  506 . Partial opening  511  is connected to pocket  508  by channel  514 , which in turn provides access to external environment  513 , similar to as described above with reference to  FIGS. 3 and 4 . 
     As shown, fastener  502  is positioned within partial opening  511 . Fastener  502  can be a thread nut or screw, where exterior surface  501  of fastener  502  includes threads that engage with corresponding threads of enclosure wall  506  within partial opening  511 . In other embodiments, fastener  502  is press-fit into partial opening  511 . Seal element  503 , such as a compressible O-ring, can be used to provide a water resistance seal between fastener  502  and enclosure wall  506 . Membrane  521  can be a semipermeable membrane designed to allow passage of air while blocking liquids, such as water, oil and grease. In some embodiments, membrane  521  is attached to fastener  502  using adhesive  507 , which can be a pressure sensitive adhesive. 
     Insert  516  is configured to fit within opening  520  of fastener  502 , and engage with interior surface  518  of fastener  502 . In some embodiments, insert  516  includes external threads that engage with interior surface  518  of fastener  502 . In other embodiments, insert  516  does not include threads and is press-fit or snap-fit within opening  520  of fastener  502 . As shown, insert  516  includes opening  519  that cooperates with opening  520  of fastener to create a vent  510 , corresponding to a pathway for air to flow between internal cavity  509  and external environment  513 , thereby allowing equalization of pressure of internal cavity  509  with external environment  513 . 
     As shown, fastener  502  and insert  516  can cooperate to couple component  504  to enclosure wall  506 . In some embodiments, insert  516  includes flange  517  that cooperates with second member  505 —which can correspond to a bracket, washer or shim—to secure component  504  to enclosure wall  506 . In other embodiments, second member  505  is not present. In some embodiments, rather than a washer or shim, second member  505  is another component internal to electronic device  500 . This configuration of using fastener  502  and insert  516  can allow for the pressure used to couple component  504  to enclosure wall  506  to be separated from the pressure from fastener  502  used to press on seal element  503  to create a liquid-tight seal. That is, insert  516  can apply a first pressure to couple component  504  to enclosure wall  506 , while fastener  502  can apply a second pressure, that can be different than the first pressure, to seal element  503 . In this way, one of the advantages of using the stacked fastening configuration shown in  FIG. 5  is that a pressure used to couple component  504  to enclosure wall  506  can be decoupled from a pressure used to compress seal element  503 . It should be noted that insert  516  can be referred to as a fastener and fastener  502  can be referred to as an insert or adapter. 
     Another advantage of the stacked fastening configuration is that combining fastening features within one fastening assembly saves space within internal cavity  509 . In some embodiments, interior surface  522  of insert  516  is configured to engage with a second insert (not shown) to couple a second component (not shown) to enclosure wall  506 . For example, interior surface  522  can include threads configured to engage with exterior threads of the second insert. The second insert can, in turn, be configured to engage with third insert (not shown), and so on. This progression of inserts could continue until a final insert is placed within the stacked configuration. Any suitable number of inserts can be stacked depending on design requirements. 
     In some embodiments, the insert serves a different function other than a venting feature.  FIG. 6  illustrates a cross-section view of a portion of enclosure  602  of electronic device  600 , according to one such an embodiment. Fastener  612  fits within opening  610  of enclosure wall  606 , and is configured to couple component  614  to enclosure wall  606 . In some embodiments, seal element  620  (e.g., compression gasket), membrane  622  and/or cosmetic mesh  624  are also positioned within opening  610 . 
     Fastener  612  includes opening  619  that is configured to accept device  626 . In some embodiments, exterior surface  616  of device  626  is threaded and engages with corresponding threads of interior surface  618  within opening  619  of fastener  612 . In other embodiments, device  626  is configured to be press-fit within opening  619 . In some embodiments, opening  619  is shaped to accept device  626 . For example, opening  619  can include wide section a, which is shaped in accordance with device  626 , and tapered section b. However, opening  619  can have any suitable shape and size. 
     Device  626  can correspond to any suitable functional device. For example, device  626  can correspond to a sensor (e.g., barometric, altimeter, pressure or chemical sensor) that can measure air pressure or quality from external environment  608 . Alternatively or additionally, device  626  can correspond to a sensor/valve combination that closes any passageways in response to exposure to a predetermined amount of moisture. Alternatively or additionally, device  626  can correspond to a speaker that transmits sound to external environment  608 , or a light that transmits light to external environment  608 . For some of these embodiments, it may be beneficial to remove membrane  622  and/or cosmetic mesh  624 . In some embodiments, additional devices (not shown) can be stacked within fastener  612 . Since opening  610  within enclosure wall  606  is used to accommodate device  626 , enclosure  102  may include different openings for accommodating one or more vent fasteners to equalize the pressures between internal cavity  604  and external environment  608 , such as one or more of those described above with reference to  FIGS. 1-5 . 
       FIGS. 7A-7E  illustrate cross-section views of different vent fasteners, in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG. 7A  shows fastener  700 , which includes flange  702  and features  704  used to aid assembly of fastener  700  within an opening of an enclosure wall. Fastener  700  includes exterior surface  706  that has threads and interior surface  708  that does not have threads. The threads at exterior surface  706  can engage with corresponding threads within the opening of the enclosure wall. In some embodiments, interior surface  708  engages with an insert by press-fit, welding or use of adhesive. In other embodiments, no insert is used and interior surface  708  does not engage with any insert. 
       FIG. 7B  shows fastener  710 , which includes flange  712  and features  714 . Exterior surface  716  is not threaded, and therefore can engage within an opening of an enclosure wall by press-fit, welding or by use of an adhesive. Interior surface  718  is threaded and can, therefore, threadably engage with an insert.  FIG. 7C  shows fastener  720 , which includes flange  722  and features  724  for aiding insertion of fastener  720  in an enclosure wall. Exterior surface  726  is not threaded, and therefore can engage within an opening of an enclosure wall by press-fit, welding or by use of an adhesive. Interior surface  728  is also not threaded and can engage with an insert by press-fit, welding or adhesive. Alternatively, an insert may not be used and interior surface  728  does not engage with an insert. 
       FIG. 7D  shows fastener  730 , which includes flange  732  and features  734 . Both exterior surface  736  and interior surface  738  are threaded to engage with an enclosure wall and an insert, respectively. The threads of exterior surface  736  and interior surface  738  can have the same or different type of threading (e.g., lead, pitch, start).  FIG. 7E  shows fastener  740 , which includes flange  742  and features  744 . Both exterior surface  746  and interior surface  748  are threaded to engage with an enclosure wall and an insert, respectively. In addition, fastener  740  includes membrane  743 , and optionally a cosmetic cover (not shown), positioned therein. Membrane  743  can be, for example, insert molded into fastener  740  if fastener  740  is made of a molded material. Membrane  743  can correspond to a material that allows air to flow but not liquid. Fastener  740  is presented to show that membrane  743  can be located in any suitable location, including within fastener  740 , or outside of fastener  740 , as described above with reference to  FIGS. 1-6 . Note that any of fasteners  700 ,  710 ,  720  and  730  can also include a membrane. 
       FIGS. 8A-8D  illustrate cross-section views of different vent fasteners that do not include a flange, in accordance with some embodiments. The fasteners of  FIGS. 8A-8D  can be used, for example, in the configuration described above with reference to  FIG. 5  where the fastener cooperates with an insert to couple a component to an enclosure wall.  FIG. 8A  shows fastener  800  with features  802  that can be used to aid insertion of fastener  800  into an opening of an enclosure. Both exterior surface  804  and interior surface  806  are threaded to engage with an enclosure wall and an insert, respectively. 
       FIG. 8B  shows fastener  810  with features  812  that can be used to aid insertion of fastener  810  into an opening of an enclosure. Exterior surface  814  does not have threads and can therefore engage within the opening of the enclosure wall by press-fit, welding or via an adhesive. Interior surface  816  is threaded to engage with a correspondingly threaded insert.  FIG. 8C  shows fastener  820  with features  822 . Exterior surface  824  has threads to engage with corresponding threaded opening of an enclosure. Interior surface  826  does not have threads and can, therefore, engage within an insert by press-fit, welding or using an adhesive.  FIG. 8D  shows fastener  830  with features  832 . Both exterior surface  834  and interior surface  836  do not have threads and can, therefore engage with an enclosure wall and an insert, respectively, by press-fit, welding or via an adhesive. 
     Note that the fasteners of  FIGS. 7A-7E and 8A-8D  are exemplary and do not limit other combinations and possibilities within the scope of the embodiments described herein. For example, any of fasteners  800 ,  810 ,  820  and  830  can also include a semi-permeable membrane and/or cosmetic mesh, as described above with reference to  FIG. 7E . In addition, the shapes of the fasteners, including the shapes of interior and exterior surfaces, can vary depending on design requirements and are not limited to those shown in  FIGS. 7A-7E and 8A-8D . Furthermore, in those fasteners with threads, the exterior and/or interior surfaces may be fully threaded or partially threaded. 
       FIG. 9  illustrates flowchart  900  indicating a process for coupling a component to an enclosure using a vent fastener. At  902 , a seal element, an air-permeable membrane and/or a cosmetic mesh are optionally positioned within an opening within an enclosure wall of the enclosure. The seal element can correspond to a compressible gasket, such as an O-ring, or may correspond to an adhesive or tape. The seal element can prevent liquid from entering between the enclosure wall and a subsequently positioned fastener. The air-permeable membrane can be a fine mesh that is designed to allow air pass but not liquid in any substantial amounts. In some embodiments, the air-permeable membrane is made of a hydrophobic material that wicks away water. The cosmetic mesh is optionally used to cover the air-permeable membrane from view of a user. 
     At  904 , a component is coupled to the enclosure using a vent fastener. The vent fastener is positioned within the opening so as to secure the component to the enclosure wall. The vent fastener includes a vent that allows air to pass between an internal cavity of the enclosure and an external environment. If a compressible seal element is used, the fastener can also apply pressure to the seal element to create the liquid-tight seal. The air-permeable membrane, if used, can prevent liquid from entering into the internal cavity while allowing air to pass between the internal cavity and the external environment. The combined function of the fastener as a vent as well as a coupling member provides a compactness that allows more room within the internal cavity for more components. This may be especially important for very small portable electronic devices where maximizing space within the internal cavity can be of upmost importance. In addition, this configuration provides a modularization such that the fastener, seal element, air-permeable membrane and cosmetic cover can be easily removed and replaced during rework in the manufacturing process or during the service life of the electronic device. 
     At  906 , one or more inserts are optionally positioned within an opening of the fastener. In some embodiments, the insert cooperates with the fastener to secure the component to the enclosure. In a particular embodiment, the insert engages with the component and the fastener such that the fastener does not directly engaged with the component. In this way, the fastener can apply a first pressure onto a seal element while the insert applies a second pressure, independent of the first pressure, onto the component to secure the component to the enclosure. The insert can have other functions. For example, the insert can include a sensor for detecting moisture, pressure of the external environment (e.g., for altimeter), and/or chemical agents (e.g., liquid or gas from external environment. Alternatively or additionally, the insert includes a through hole such that the insert can act as a vent to equalize pressure between the internal cavity and external environment. 
       FIG. 10  illustrates flowchart  1000  indicating a process for providing a hidden vent within an enclosure for an electronic device. At  1002 , a through-hole is formed within an enclosure wall to provide access to a component within an internal cavity of the enclosure. The through-hole can have any suitable shape and size. In some embodiments, multiple through-holes are provided. The component may be one that depends on access to the external environment. For example, the component can be a speaker than transmits sound through the through-hole to. The component can be a light emitter that transmits light through the through-hole. The component can be a sensor that detects pressure, sound, light, moisture or other information from the external environment. 
     At  1004 , a partial hole is formed within the enclosure wall. The partial hole can be proximate to the through-hole so that the partial hole can be easily connected to the through-hole. The partial hole can have a shape and size for accommodating a vent fastener. In some embodiments, the partial hole is threaded in accordance with a threaded fastener. At  1006 , the through-hole and the partial hole are connected. This can be accomplished, for example, by cutting away material of the enclosure wall between the through-hole and the partial hole. Alternatively, the partial hole can be positioned or angled such that a separate cut to connect the through-hole and partial hole is not needed. That is, forming the partial hole and connecting the through-hole and the partial hole are preformed in the same operation. 
     At  1008 , a component is coupled to the enclosure using the vent fastener. The vent fastener is positioned within the partial hole such that the vent fastener engages with and secures the component to the enclosure. In some embodiments, one or more inserts are used to help secure the component to the enclosure. The vent fastener includes an opening such that an air pathway is formed from an internal cavity of the enclosure, through the vent fastener positioned within the partial hole, and through the through-hole to the external environment. Since the through-hole provides a dual function of providing access to both the component and the vent fastener, this reduces the number of visible openings within the enclosure that could otherwise reduce the integrity of the enclosure and/or impair the visual attractiveness and textual qualities of the enclosure. 
       FIG. 11  illustrates flowchart  1100  indicating a process for replacing a seal element for a vent fastener within an enclosure. In some embodiments, the seal element should provide an airtight seal between the enclosure and the vent fastener, which is positioned within an opening of the enclosure. At  1102 , the seal element is tested to determine whether the seal element leaks. The testing can include standard measurement techniques such as applying a pressure within the internal cavity of the enclosure and detecting evidence of a pressure leak at the seal element. At  1104 , it is determined whether the seal element leaks. If the seal element does not leak, at  1106  the seal element does not need replacement. 
     If the seal element does leak, at  1108  the vent fastener and the seal element are removed from the opening of the enclosure. In some cases, an air-permeable membrane and cosmetic mesh are also removed. At  1110 , a new seal element is positioned within the opening. In some cases, a new air-permeable membrane and cosmetic mesh are also positioned with the opening. At  1112 , the vent fastener is replaced within the opening such that an adequate pressure is applied to the seal element to provide an airtight seal. In some cases, a new vent fastener is used. Returning to  1102 , the seal element is tested again, and the process of flowchart  1100  is repeated until it is determined that the vent fastener is adequately sealed. 
     Note that the seal element and air-permeable membrane/cosmetic cover (if used) can be easily accessed and replaced by removal and replacement of the vent fastener. That is, the vent fastener is modularized for easy removal and replacement. This convenience can be important in the manufacturing line where fast rework is desired, or during the service life of the electronic device as the seal element, membrane and/or cosmetic cover experience wear and a user will desire easy maintenance. 
     In some cases, any of the vent fasteners described above with reference to  FIGS. 1-8D  might not use to fasten a component to a housing wall, or the vent fasteners might be used to indirectly couple a component to a housing. Furthermore, air between the internal cavity of the enclosure and the external environment might occur via passages other than by the vent within the fastener.  FIG. 12  is presented to illustrate some of these features, in accordance with some embodiments. 
       FIG. 12  illustrates a cross-section view of a portion of enclosure wall  1206  of electronic device  1200 , which includes opening  1210  configured to accommodate fastener  1202  and insert  1216 . Note that insert  1216  may also be referred to as a fastener while fastener  1202  may also be referred to as an insert or adapter. Insert  1216  is configured to fit within opening  1220  of fastener  1202 , and engage with interior surface  1218  of fastener  1202 . In some embodiments, insert  1216  includes external threads that engage with corresponding threads at interior surface  1218  of fastener  1202 . In other embodiments, insert  1216  does not include threads and is press-fit or snap-fit within opening  1220  of fastener  1202 . Fastener  1202  can be sized and shaped to fit within opening  1210  of enclosure wall  1206 . In some embodiments, the external surface  1201  of fastener  1202 , or a portion of the external surface  1201 , includes threads that engage with corresponding threads at the interior surface of opening  1210  of enclosure wall  1206 . In other embodiments, external surface  1201  does not include threads and is press-fit or snap-fit within opening  1210  of enclosure wall  1206 . 
     Insert  1216  includes opening  1219  that cooperates with opening  1210  of fastener  1202  to create vent  1211 . In this way, air can pass between external environment  1213  and internal cavity  1209  of the enclosure of electronic device  1200 . This venting pathway is represented by arrow A. However, in some cases, air can also between external environment  1213  and internal cavity  1209  via spaces between insert  1216  and fastener  1202 , represented by arrows B. Alternatively or additionally, in some cases, air can pass between external environment  1213  and internal cavity  1209  via spaces between fastener  1202  and enclosure wall  1206 , represented by arrows C. If insert  1216  and/or fastener  1202  are threaded, the air may pass through these threaded passageways. In this way, passageways B and C can also act as vents for equalizing pressure between external environment  1213  and internal cavity  1209 . These alternative venting passageways B and C can apply to suitable vent fastener systems described above with reference to  FIGS. 1-6 , and may be encouraged. For example, if insert  1216  is a device (e.g., device  626  at  FIG. 626 ), venting passageways B and C can provide alternative ways of venting air. In other application, these alternative venting passageways B and C may be discouraged and are sealed in order to prevent passage of air. Note that for simplicity the vent fastener system of  FIG. 12  does not show a seal element or membrane. In some embodiments, a seal element and/or a membrane are used, while in other embodiments a seal element and/or a membrane are not used. 
     As shown, component  1204  can be indirectly coupled to enclosure wall  1206 . In particular, component  1204  can be coupled to enclosure wall  1206  without directly contacting interior surface  1212  of enclosure wall  1206 . This can be accomplished, for example, by using fastener  1202  which protrudes a distance from interior surface  1212 , thereby preventing component  1204  from directly contacting interior surface  1212 . In other embodiments, fastener  1202  and insert  1216  are not used to couple any component to enclosure wall  1206 . These alternative mechanisms of indirectly coupling a component, or not coupling a component at all, to an enclosure can apply to suitable vent fastener systems described above with reference to  FIGS. 1-6 . 
     The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, used specific nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the specific details are not required in order to practice the described embodiments. Thus, the foregoing descriptions of the specific embodiments described herein are presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not target to be exhaustive or to limit the embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20160602
Publication Date: 20190312
Grant Date: 20190312
Priority Date: 20150921
Inventors: Pelletier, David M
Lukens, William C.
FOX, EUGENE
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G06F1/1656", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K5/0213", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/182", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04M1/0202", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "F16B33/004", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04M1/18", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "F16B33/004", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "F16B33/004", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04M1/0202", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04M1/18", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1656", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K5/0216", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1656", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/182", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04M1/0202", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H05K5/0213", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 58283728