PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-10642318-B1
Application Number: US-201916355118-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B1

Title: Planar hinge assembly

Abstract:
A personal computing device comprises a single piece body having a seamless overall appearance and that includes a bendable portion that is capable of having a smoothly curved shape. The single piece body includes a first part capable of carrying a display suitable for presenting visual content, and a second part that is capable of carrying an input device suitable for accepting an input action. The personal computing device also includes a multi-state bending assembly carried by the single piece body at the bendable portion and positioned between and in mechanical communication with the first part and the second part. The multi-state bending assembly includes a planar assembly that, in a first state, is characterized as having a first thickness and allows relative movement of the first and second parts with respect to each other. In a second state, the planar assembly is characterized as having a second thickness, less than the first thickness, that is capable of maintaining a fixed angular displacement between the first and second parts.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A personal computing device, comprising:
 a single piece body having layers of bendable material, wherein the single piece body includes (i) a first part capable of carrying a display, and (ii) a second part that is capable of carrying an input device; and 
 a multi-state planar hinge assembly carried by the layers of the bendable material and positioned between and in mechanical communication with the first part and the second part, wherein the multi-state planar hinge assembly includes a planar assembly formed of the layers of bendable material that, in a first state, the planar assembly is characterized as having a first thickness and allows relative movement of the first and second parts with respect to each other, and wherein in a second state, the planar assembly is characterized as having a second thickness less than the first thickness, and capable of maintaining a fixed angular displacement between the first part and the second part. 
 
     
     
       2. The personal computing device of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the planar assembly includes an interlayer interposed between each of the layers of bendable material; 
 the first state is an uncompressed state where at least some of the layers of bendable material are separated by a first separation distance such that a mechanical coupling between the layers establishes a first resistance; and 
 the second state is a compressed state where at least some of the layers of bendable material are separated by a second separation distance such that the mechanical coupling establishes a second resistance. 
 
     
     
       3. The personal computing device of  claim 2 , wherein:
 in the uncompressed state, an actuator permits a release of mechanical energy from the planar assembly thereby allowing at least some of the layers to maintain the first separation distance; and 
 in the compressed state, the actuator prevents the release of mechanical energy from the planar assembly. 
 
     
     
       4. The personal computing device of  claim 1 , wherein:
 in the first state, the layers of the bendable material are capable of moving relative to each other; and 
 in the second state, the layers of the bendable material are fixed with respect to each other. 
 
     
     
       5. The personal computing device of  claim 1 , further comprising an actuator including at least one of an air pump, a vacuum pump, an electrostatic polymer or an air bladder. 
     
     
       6. The personal computing device of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 an electronic trace that couples the first and the second parts. 
 
     
     
       7. The personal computing device of  claim 1 , wherein the single piece body is a laptop-computing device. 
     
     
       8. The personal computing device of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the first part is a first electronic device having the display; and 
 the second part is a second electronic device having the input device. 
 
     
     
       9. The personal computing device of  claim 8 , wherein the first and second electronic devices communicate with each other by way of an electronic trace. 
     
     
       10. The personal computing device of  claim 9 , wherein the first electronic device is a first tablet computer and wherein the second electronic device is a second tablet computer. 
     
     
       11. The personal computing device of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 a sensor capable of providing a first signal in accordance with the first state and a second signal in accordance with the second state; 
 a processor communicating with the sensor and an actuator, wherein 
 the processor is capable of (i) receiving either the first signal or the second signal from the sensor, and (ii) causing the actuator to act on the planar assembly in accordance with either the first or second states. 
 
     
     
       12. A portable electronic device, comprising:
 a first part that carries a display, 
 a second part that carries an input device; and 
 a solid-state hinge assembly coupled to the first part and the second part in a manner that allows relative angular movement between the first part and second part, wherein the solid-state hinge assembly includes:
 a bending medium capable of (i) bending in response to an applied force, and (ii) providing a resistance to movement in accordance with an amount of the bending; and 
 a force actuator coupled to the bending medium and located within one of the first part or the second part, the force actuator capable of providing the applied force. 
 
 
     
     
       13. The portable electronic device of  claim 12 , wherein:
 the first part is a lid; and 
 the second part is a base capable of supporting the lid. 
 
     
     
       14. The portable electronic device as recited in  claim 13 , wherein:
 the lid further carries a camera assembly and a speaker assembly; and 
 the input device is a keyboard. 
 
     
     
       15. The portable electronic device as recited in  claim 14 , wherein the force actuator is capable of providing:
 (i) a first force corresponding to a first angular displacement between the lid and the base; and 
 (ii) a second force corresponding to a second angular displacement between the lid and the base, wherein the first and second angular displacements are different from each other. 
 
     
     
       16. The portable electronic device as recited in  claim 15 , wherein:
 the first angular displacement corresponds to a first angle suitable for the display presenting visual content; and 
 the second angular displacement corresponds to a second angle that is suitable for the input device. 
 
     
     
       17. A method of operating an adjustable bending structure that includes a stack of layers of bendable material capable of bending in response to an applied force, wherein the adjustable bending structure (i) is in communication with a sensor capable of detecting a shape of the stack of layers and providing a signal, and (ii) is in communication with an actuator capable of receiving the signal and responding by applying a controller force that controls the shape of the stack of layers, the method comprising:
 receiving, by the actuator, a first signal provided by the sensor, the first signal corresponding to a first controller force; 
 applying, by the actuator, the first controller force such as to cause the stack of layers to take on a first shape; 
 receiving, by the actuator, a second signal provided by the sensor, the second signal corresponding to a second controller force; and 
 applying, by the actuator, the second controller force such as to cause the stack of layers to take on a second shape that is different than the first shape. 
 
     
     
       18. The method of  claim 17 , wherein when the controller force is a null force, the shape of the stack of layers corresponds to an uncompressed state, otherwise, the shape of the stack of layers corresponds to a compressed state. 
     
     
       19. The method of  claim 17 , wherein the first controller force corresponds to the first shape and the second controller force corresponds to the second shape. 
     
     
       20. The method of  claim 17 , further comprising:
 providing varied number of interleaved layers at different locations of the stack of layers to adjust a relative stiffness.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/731,254, entitled “PLANAR HINGE ASSEMBLY,” filed Sep. 14, 2018, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     The following disclosure relates to an electronic device. In particular, the following disclosure relates to a bending structure in an electronic device that is compliant, adjustable and provides variable applied stiffness. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Portable electronic devices are known to include a housing and a cover glass that combines with the housing to enclose components such as a circuit board, a display, and a battery. Also, portable electronic devices are known to communicate over a network server to send and receive information, as well as communicate with a network carrier to send and receive voice communication. 
     SUMMARY 
     This paper describes various embodiments related to an adjustable bending structure in a portable electronic device. Specifically, the adjustable bending structure includes a stack of layers that can transition from an uncompressed state to a compressed state. 
     In one aspect, a personal computing device comprises a single piece body having a seamless overall appearance and that includes a bendable portion that is capable of having a smoothly curved shape. The single piece body includes a first part capable of carrying a display suitable for presenting visual content, and a second part that is capable of carrying an input device suitable for accepting an input action. The personal computing device also includes a multi-state planar hinge assembly carried by the single piece body at the bendable portion and positioned between and in mechanical communication with the first part and the second part. The multi-state planar hinge assembly includes a planar assembly that, in a first state, is characterized as having a first thickness and allows relative movement of the first and second parts with respect to each other. In a second state, the planar assembly is characterized as having a second thickness, less than the first thickness, that is capable of maintaining a fixed angular displacement between the first and second parts. 
     In another aspect, a portable electronic device is described. The portable electronic device can include a first part that carries a visual display for presenting visual content, a second part that carries an input device, and a solid-state hinge assembly coupled to the first and second part in a manner that allows relative angular movement between the first and second parts. The solid-state hinge assembly can include a bending medium capable of (i) bending in response to an applied force and (ii) providing a resistance to movement in accordance with an amount of bending, and a force actuator physically coupled to the bending medium, the force actuator capable of providing the force. 
     Further, a method carried out by operating an adjustable bending structure including a stack of layers is described. The stack of interleaved layers can include material capable of bending in response to an applied force. The adjustable bending structure can be in communication with a sensor capable of detecting a shape of the stack and providing a signal, and can be in communication with an actuator capable of receiving the signal and responding by applying a controller force that controls a shape of the stack. A first controller force can correspond to a first shape and a second controller force can correspond to a second shape. The method includes the actuator receiving a first signal provided by the sensor. The first signal can correspond to the first controller force. Subsequently, the actuator can apply the first controller force to the stack in accordance with the first signal, and the first controller force causes the stack to take on the first shape. Next, the actuator can receive a second signal provided by the sensor. The second signal can correspond to the second controller force. Thereafter, the actuator can apply the second controller force to the stack in accordance with the second signal, and the second controller force causes the stack to take on the second shape that is different from the first shape. 
     Other systems, methods, features and advantages of the embodiments will be, or will become, apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following figures and detailed description. It is intended that all such additional systems, methods, features and advantages be included within this description and this summary, be within the scope of the embodiments, and be protected by the following claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The disclosure will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like structural elements, and in which: 
         FIG. 1A  shows a cross sectional view of a stiffness modulator according to a first embodiment in an uncompressed state; 
         FIG. 1B  shows a magnified cross sectional view of layers in the stiffness modulator of  FIG. 1A ; 
         FIG. 2A  shows a cross sectional view of the stiffness modulator according to the first embodiment in a compressed state; 
         FIG. 2B  shows a magnified cross sectional view of the layers in the stiffness modulator of  FIG. 2A ; 
         FIG. 3A  shows a stiffness modulator according to a second embodiment in a laptop-computing device; 
         FIG. 3B  shows a cross sectional view A-A of the laptop-computing device of  FIG. 3A ; 
         FIG. 4A  shows a stiffness modulator according to a third embodiment in a portable electronic device; 
         FIG. 4B  shows a magnified view of the stiffness modulator of  FIG. 4A ; 
         FIGS. 5A-5D  show a stiffness modulator according to a fourth embodiment in different configurations of a portable electronic device; 
         FIG. 6  is a block diagram of an electronic device suitable for use with the described embodiments; 
         FIG. 7A  shows a stiffness modulator according to a fifth embodiment being an electronic device in an active state; 
         FIG. 7B  shows the electronic device of  FIG. 7A  in a dormant state; 
         FIGS. 8A-8F  show a stiffness modulator according to a sixth embodiment in a carrying case having different configurations for use with a portable electronic device; 
         FIG. 9  shows a stiffness modulator according to a seventh embodiment being a haptic surface; 
         FIG. 10  shows a cross sectional view B-B of the haptic surface of  FIG. 9 ; and 
         FIG. 11  is a flow diagram of an operation of the stiffness modulator for use with the described embodiments. 
     
    
    
     Those skilled in the art will appreciate and understand that, according to common practice, various features of the drawings discussed below are not necessarily drawn to scale, and that dimensions of various features and elements of the drawings may be expanded or reduced to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention described herein. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Reference will now be made in detail to representative embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the following descriptions are not intended to limit the embodiments to one preferred embodiment. To the contrary, it is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as can be included within the spirit and scope of the described embodiments as defined by the appended claims. 
     In the following detailed description, references are made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of the description and in which are shown, by way of illustration, specific embodiments in accordance with the described embodiments. Although these embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable one skilled in the art to practice the described embodiments, it is understood that these examples are not limiting such that other embodiments may be used, and changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the described embodiments. 
     Stiffness modulator technology can be used to create a bending structure that allows a user to switch from a non-composite state where layers are capable of moving relative to each other to a composite state where there is reduced slippage between layers in. In one embodiment, the layers cooperate with an actuator, such as a vacuum pump, for example, to provide frictional pressure between layers in the composite state. The change in stiffness is adjustable up to an order of the number of layers squared. Thus, the more layers, the greater stiffness the bending structure is capable of providing. 
     Accordingly, stiffness modulator technology provides advantages in forming geometries or designs that have more compliant, natural shapes while allowing for rigidity in the composite state. In addition, minimal energy is required in each of the composite and non-composite state. Significant energy is only used when changing between the composite and non-composite states, thus reducing long-term energy consumption. The positional rigidity that stiffness modulator technology provides is customizable, easy to use and adaptable to a variety of systems and configurations. Accordingly, this technology provides an advantageous solution to and replacement of customarily large and heavy mechanisms. 
     The following describes advantageous applications of stiffness modulator technology to consumer level products. In one embodiment, an adjustable bending structure can incorporate a stack of layers that flexibly move between an uncompressed state and a compressed state through a mechanical force applied from an actuator. The compressed state has a thickness less than a thickness of the uncompressed state because of the reduction in separation distance between the layers of the stack. The compressed state also has a greater resistance to movement than the uncompressed state since the decreased separation distance between the layers of the stack create more friction. In other embodiments, adjustable bending structures such as a hinge assembly can be used, for example, in laptop-computing devices connecting a display to an input medium, a smart cover connecting a base to a lid, and act as an interface to connect two tablets. In further embodiments, buttons and sensors can provide feedback to a processor to vary the applied mechanical force in various conditions, such as angular positions, between the uncompressed and the compressed states of the adjustable bending structure. Haptic surfaces describe another embodiment that can use the adjustable bending structure to create a flat keyboard edge definition for an improved typing experience. Finally, wearable devices such as a glove and a knee brace can use adjustable bending structures by varying the number of layers at different locations of the wearable device to adjust a relative stiffness and vary an applied resistance to movement. 
     The following disclosure relates to an electronic device, such as a mobile communication device that takes the form of a laptop-computing device, a smart phone cover or a tablet computer device. The electronic device can include several enhancements and modifications not found on traditional electronic devices. For example, the electronic device may include a bending medium connecting a display assembly to an input medium such as a keyboard thereby providing a hinge assembly adjustable angularly and adjustable in applied resistance. The electronic device also includes haptic surfaces having the bending medium that creates an input device with a flat keyboard edge definition for an improved typing experience. Wearable devices such as a glove and a knee brace are electronic devices that use the bending medium and varying the number of layers at different locations of the electronic device to adjust a relative stiffness and vary an applied resistance to movement. These and other embodiments are discussed below with reference to  FIGS. 1-11 . However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the detailed description given herein with respect to these Figures is for explanatory purposes only and should not be construed as limiting. 
       FIG. 1A-2B  illustrates an embodiment of an adjustable bending structure  10 . In the described embodiment, the adjustable bending structure  10  can be a continuous and smoothly curved profile used in a bendable consumer product as a multi-state bending assembly. For example, as shown in  FIG. 1A , the flexible consumer product can include flexible display  12  that overlays and is supported by adjustable bending structure  10 . It should be noted that flexible display  12  can take the form of an organic light emitting diode (OLED). Accordingly, flexible OLED display panel  12  includes organic light emitting diodes arranged to create a flexible display panel as commonly understood by one skilled in the art. In this way, adjustable bending structure  10  can control a shape of flexible display  12 . Flexible display  12  can include a first portion  12   a  electrically connected to a second portion  12   b  by way of a trace layer  14  that can be used to pass signals there between. In one embodiment, a first portion  12   a  can be used to present visual content whereas a second portion  12   b  can be used to emulate an input device (such as a keypad, touch pad, etc.) that can be used to provide control signals. The electronic trace layer  14  can include a touch sensor or a flexible cable to power the adjustable bending structure  10 . The electronic trace layer  14  can be disposed underneath the flexible OLED display panel  12  and supplies electrical communication to and from a circuit board and other electrical components. 
     The adjustable bending structure  10  can include a layered stack  15  of bendable material  16  and an interlayer  18  interposed between each of the layers  16  of bendable material. The layered stack  15  can be a planar assembly including the layers  16 . The layers  16  are each capable of bending in unison in response to a force applied thereto and can be separated from each other by a separation distance  32 ,  34 . The layers  16  advantageously retain a continuous and smooth profile regardless of the applied force. The stack  15  can include a first end  15   a  on one end of the stack  15 , and a second end  15   b  on an opposite end of the stack  15 . That is, the first and second ends  15   a ,  15   b  are opposite each other. The first and second ends  15   a ,  15   b  are configured to couple to various electronic devices as described in detail below. 
     In one embodiment, the layers  16  can have an interleaved structure. In a first state or an uncompressed state  38  ( FIG. 1B ), the layers  16  can separate from each other by first separation distances  32  such that the stack  15  is characterized as having a first thickness that results in a first resistance to relative movement between electronic devices coupled thereto. For example, relative movement of the first portion  12   a  and the second portion  12   b  can take place with respect to each other. 
     In a second state or a compressed state  42  ( FIG. 2A   2 B), layers  16  can separate from each other by second separation distances  34  that is less than the first separation distance  32  such that the stack  15  has a second thickness that is less than the first thickness. In the compressed state  42 , the reduced separation distance  34  results in greater physical coupling between layers  16  such that the compressed state exhibits a second resistance to relative movement between electronic devices coupled thereto. The second resistance to relative movement is greater than the first resistance to relative movement. In this way, the compressed state  42  of the adjustable bending structure  10  is capable of supporting second portion  12   b  at any suitable angle with respect to portion  12   a . Specifically, a fixed angular displacement can be maintained between the first portion  12   a  and the second portion  12   b.    
     In one embodiment, the interleaved layers  16  can take the form of electroactive polymer layers  16  that can be formed from, for example, plastic, metal or glass such as polycarbonate, ABS plastic, PET plastic, silicone, aluminum, steel, FR-4 composite, willow glass and Polyimide (flex). In this way, the stack  15  of the electroactive polymer layers  16  can flex when in the uncompressed state  38  and becomes stiffer when in a compressed state  42 . 
     Moreover, adjustable bending structure  10  can also include a flexible battery  20 . The formed flexible battery  20  is a power supply that can provide electric power to the electrical components of the adjustable bending structure  10 . A cosmetic skin  22  can be an aesthetic surface that encloses the adjustable bending structure  10 . 
     The adjustable bending structure  10  can include an actuator  36  to provide an applied force to the interlayer  18 , resulting in an applied force between the layers  16  of the stack  15 . In one embodiment, the actuator  36  can be a user applying a force to the adjustable bending structure  10 . The user can provide an external force to adjust the shape or position of the adjustable bending structure  10  in the uncompressed state. 
     In another embodiment, the actuator  36  is a physical structure that can be disposed adjacent to or integral with the second portion  12   a . A plurality of configurations and positions of the actuator  36  of the adjustable bending structure  10  is contemplated herein. The actuator  36  can include, for example, a pneumatic air pump that provides air pressure, an electrostatic actuator/polymer that adjusts a height in a Z-axis, a vacuum pump that squeezes layers in a sealed environment to provide stiffness, and an air bladder that acts as a balloon to raise a surface. Other actuators  36  can include electromagnetic actuators such as a voice coil and magnets to create a magnetic field. These electromagnetic actuators can provide a frictional force, as well as a magnetic force to the adjustable bending structure  10 . 
     The stack  15  of layers  16  in the adjustable bending structure  10  can bend in unison and is capable of varying stiffness in a composite stack  15  having multiple layers  16 . This is dependent on a variety of factors including, for example, the material stiffness of the layers  16 , the layer  16  thickness, the number of layers  16 , the viscosity of the interlayer used  18  and the type of force released from the actuator  36 . When adjusting the number of layers  16  and keeping all other factors constant, changing from an uncompressed state  38  to a compressed state  42  results in the stack  15  being stiffer by a ratio of the number of layers  16  squared. 
     When the stack  15  of layers  16  is in the uncompressed, non-composite state  38 , as illustrated in  FIGS. 1A and 1B , the adjustable bending structure  10  can be very flexible in response to an external applied force. The layers  16  can be part of a first thickness of the adjustable bending structure  10  and can freely move relative to each other by overcoming a first resistance to relative movement between electronic devices coupled thereto. The first resistance to relative movement is small and primarily consists of frictional force. The mechanical coupling between the layers  16  establishes the first resistance to relative movement between electronic devices coupled thereto.  FIG. 1B  illustrates a first separation distance  32  between at least some of the adjacent layers  16  that can provide the free motion and flexibility of the adjustable bending structure  10 . Accordingly, the geometry of the adjustable bending structure  10  can advantageously be very compliant, organic or natural in shape. 
     When the stack  15  of layers  16  is in the compressed, composite state  42  as illustrated in  FIG. 2A , the adjustable bending structure  10  can become stiffer in response to the external force. The layers  16  can be substantially fixed with respect to each other and can form part of a second thickness of the adjustable bending structure  10  where the layers  16  can remain planar and shear stress can transfer between the layers  16 . As a result, a greater external force is needed to overcome a second resistance to relative movement between electronic devices coupled thereto caused by the mechanical coupling between the layers  16 . Further, the second thickness is smaller than the first thickness and the second resistance to relative movement is greater than the first resistance to relative movement.  FIG. 2B  illustrates a second separation distance  34  between at least some of the adjacent layers  16  is smaller than the first separation distance  32 . Because of the smaller thickness and smaller separation distance, increased friction between the layers  16  can make the stack  15  stiffer and less pliable. This rigidity can be desired for operation of the adjustable bending structure  10 . 
     The actuator  36  can cooperate with the interlayer  18  and the layers  16  in the stack  15  of the adjustable bending structure  10  to shift between the uncompressed state  38  and the compressed state  42 . Specifically, in the uncompressed state, the actuator  36  can permit a release of mechanical energy from the stack  15  of layers  16 . This can allow at least some of the interleaved layers  16  to maintain the first separation distance  32  so as to be able to move with respect to each other. In other words, the released mechanical energy can be primarily in the form of friction or pressure between layers  16  that allow the layers  16  move more freely. In the compressed state, the actuator  36  can prevent the release of mechanical energy from the stack  15  of layers  16 . This can allow at least some of the interleaved layers  16  to maintain the second separation distance  34 . In particular, the stored mechanical energy can be primarily in the form of friction or pressure between layers  16  that can create resistance between the layers  16  and prevents movement. 
     In both the compressed and uncompressed state, the stack  15  advantageously retains a continuous and smooth profile or shape in response to the applied force. The layers  16  in the stack  15  advantageously provide a configurable and unbroken surface that is cosmetically appealing and versatile. Such a configuration is particularly beneficial when compared to a discontinuous hinge assembly or clutch assembly commonly known in the art. These assemblies known in the art are broken into various components, have an unorthodox profile surface and rigid in application. 
     The adjustable bending structure  10  advantageously does not require external energy when in the uncompressed, non-composite state  38  or the compressed, composite state  42 . That is, the adjustable bending structure  10  can be in a dormant state when pressurized or depressurized. Instead, the electroactive polymer layers  16  can use electrostatic force to generate pressure across the layers  16 . External energy is only required to operate the actuator  36  when shifting between the uncompressed state  38  and the compressed state  42 . 
     Further, the adjustable bending structure  10  can advantageously provide a user flexibility to switch back and forth between the uncompressed state  38  and the compressed state  42 . The adjustable bending structure  10  can be advantageously reconfigurable to provide flexibility in shape, meet various space requirements and configurable for different operational conditions. This is readily understood when the adjustable bending structure is the integrated hinge assembly  10  used in a variety of industrial applications. Such advantages can be an improvement over the bulkiness and non-configurable, strict application of a standard ratcheting mechanism, a mechanical hinge engaging detents or a friction clutch, for example. 
       FIGS. 3A and 3B  illustrate a second embodiment of a stiffness modulator that can be in the form of the integrated hinge assembly, the multi-state bending assembly or a solid-state hinge  10  carried by or disposed within the multipart electronic system  54 . The multipart electronic system  54  can be a laptop-computing device having a single piece body. In other words, the multipart electronic system  54  can form a seamless overall appearance that includes a continuous, smooth and curved shape. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 3B , the portable electronic device  50  can include the first and second portions  51 ,  52 , which supports the laptop-computing device  54 . The laptop-computing device  54  can include the first part  56  and the second part  58 . The multi-state bending assembly  10  can be positioned between and in mechanical communication with the first and second parts  56 ,  58 . The first part  56  can be a lid that carries a visual display for presenting visual content. The second part  58  can be a base that carries an input device that is suitable for accepting an input action like a touchpad  58   a  and/or a keyboard  58   b , for example, that supports the lid. The lid  56  can also carry a camera assembly and a speaker assembly as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. 
     The multi-state bending assembly or solid-state hinge  10  can seamlessly couple the first part  56  and the second part  58  to allow relative angular movement and a fixed angular displacement. Specifically, the solid-state hinge  10  can include the layers  16  that act as a bending medium capable of bending in response to an applied force and provide resistance to relative movement between the first and second parts  56 ,  58  based on the amount of bending. The force actuator  36  can physically couple to the bending medium  16  and provides the force. 
     The force actuator  36  is also capable of providing a first force corresponding to a first angular displacement between the first part  56  and the second part  58 , and a second force corresponding to a second angular displacement between the first part  56  and the second part  58 . The first angular displacement can correspond to a first angle suitable for presentation of the visual content and the second angular displacement can correspond to a second angle that is suitable for use of the touchpad  58   a  and/or keyboard  58   b . In this configuration, the first and second angular displacements are different and can represent various angular positions. The first and second angular displacements show the relative freedom of angular movement between the first part  56  and the second part  58  in the uncompressed state. Further, the first and second angular displacements show a means to maintain a fixed angle in the compressed state. As similarly described above, the force actuator  36  can include, for example, a user applied force, a pneumatic air pump, an electrostatic actuator/polymer, a vacuum pump, and an air bladder. 
     In an embodiment, a bendable portion represents a smoothly curved shaped coupling region between the first part  56  and the second part  58 . In other words, the bendable portion is a housing part enclosing the planar assembly  15  of layers  16  and connects the first part  56  to the second part  58 . 
       FIG. 4A-4B  illustrates a third embodiment of a stiffness modulator that can be in the form of the integrated hinge assembly or multi-state bending assembly  10  and that cooperates with a portable electronic device or personal computing device  50 . The portable electronic device  50  can include a first portion  51  and a second portion  52 . The first portion  51  can secure to a first part  56  of a multi-part electronic system  54 . The second portion  52  can secure to a second part  58  of the multi-part electronic system  54 . The first part  56  and the second part  58  can be separate and independent from each other. Preferably, the multi-state bending assembly  10  couples the first part  56  and the second part  58  to provide a single piece body. The stack  15  of the integrated hinge assembly  10  can include the first end  15   a  that can couple to the first part  56  and the second end  15   b  that can couple to the second part  58 . The first part  56  can be electrically connected to the second part  58  by way of the trace layer  14  that can be used to pass electrical signals or information there between. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 4A , the first part  56  of the multi-part electronic system  54  can be an electronic device such as a first tablet device having a display capable of presenting visual content. The second part  58  of the multi-part electronic system  54  can be an electronic device such as a second tablet device having a display capable of presenting visual content in the form of an input device suitable for accepting an input action. The input device can be a touchpad and/or a keyboard, for example.  FIG. 4B  illustrates that the first and second parts  56 ,  58  can communicate with each other by way of the electronic trace layer  14  or another wired connection  64  that is carried by the stack  15  of layers  16  in the integrated hinge assembly  10 . 
     The actuator  36  in the integrated hinge assembly  10  can provide a first and a second force to allow the portable electronic device  50  to rotate between a first angular displacement  60  based on the first force and a second angular displacement  62  based on the second force. The first angular displacement  60  can correspond to a first angle suitable for presentation of the visual content and the second angular displacement  62  can correspond to a second angle that is suitable for use of the touchpad and/or keyboard. Accordingly, the first angular displacement  60  and the second angular displacement  62  can be different. 
       FIGS. 5A-5D  illustrates a fourth embodiment of the stiffness modulator being the integrated hinge assembly  10  in various configurations in the portable electronic device  50 . Specifically, the electronic device  50  can have the first portion  51  carrying the first part  56  being the visual display or tablet device, and the second portion  52  carrying the second part  58  being the input device such as the touchpad and/or keyboard. 
     In  FIGS. 5A-5D , the stiffness modulator being the integrated hinge assembly  10  can connect the first portion  51  to the second portion  52  and can conform into a variety of shapes to achieve different orientations of the first part  56 . The integrated hinge assembly  10  can provide a smooth and continuous surface that is unbroken and configurable in a variety of positions. Such a configuration is advantageous when compared to a typical hinge assembly that provides rigid, discontinuous edges between two connected surfaces. 
     The vacuum actuator  36  of the integrated hinge assembly  10  can embed into the second part  58  to provide force for the compressed and uncompressed states. Specifically, as described above, the integrated hinge assembly  10  can be in the uncompressed state to conform to a variety of shapes and angles, including the first or second angular displacement. Subsequently, the integrated hinge assembly  10  can transition into the compressed state to substantially fix the shape of the integrated hinge assembly  10  and substantially fix the orientation of the first part  56  at the first or second angular displacement or in any other shape. 
       FIG. 6  illustrates a block diagram of electrical components in the portable electronic device  50  suitable for use with the stiffness modulator  10  described in the embodiments herein. The electrical components can include a sensor  66 , an on/off button  68 , a programmable processor  70 , user preferences  72  and the actuator  36  in the stiffness modulator  10 . The sensor  66  can include any of an angular position sensor to measure an angular position of the stack  15  of layers  16 , a velocity sensor to measure a speed at which the stack  15  of layers  16  is being moved, and a strain sensor to measure an amount of bending of the stack  15  of layers  16 . The sensor  66  can be substantially fixed to the stack  15  of layers  16  and can provide signal feedback to the processor  70 . 
     The on/off button  68  is another type of sensor that is capable of providing a first signal in accordance with the uncompressed state and a second signal in accordance with the compressed state. The user can activate the on/off button  68  to instruct the processor  70  to change the applied force released from the actuator  36 . The user preferences  72  are preprogrammed conditions that can instruct the processor  70  to provide variable force output from the actuator  36  based on different settings or positions. 
     The processor  70  can communicate with the sensor  66 , the on/off button  68  and the user preferences  72  to manipulate the operation of the actuator  36  in the stiffness modulator  10 . For example, the processor  70  is capable of receiving signals from any of the electrical components and can be programmed to correlate different levels of mechanical force or controller force instructions in relation to a detected angle, shape or speed data. The processor  70  can then activate the actuator  36  in the stiffness modulator  10  to apply the mechanical force instructions or controller force instructions received. 
     For example, the processor  70  can instruct the actuator  36  to apply different levels of force based on different angular position signals received from the angular position sensor. Such a configuration can be helpful by applying a significant force when the first part  56  and the second part  58  of the laptop-computing device  54 , as illustrated in  FIG. 4 , are close together (closed position) and decreasing the force as the two separate and open (open position). Such a configuration can prevent the first and second parts  56 ,  58  from contacting each other too quickly in the closed position of the laptop-computing device  54 . This configuration can also minimize the laptop-computing device  54  from opening unnecessarily. However, as the laptop-computing device  54  opens by separating the first and second parts  56 ,  58 , the lower applied force can allow for the opening operation to become easier. Such a configuration can advantageously improve the safety and robustness of the laptop-computing device  54 . 
     Based on various signal information received from the sensor  66 , the processor  70  can instruct the actuator  36  to apply a controller force that controls a shape of the stack  15 . Specifically, a first controller force can correspond to a first shape and a second controller force can correspond to a second shape. More specifically, the actuator  36  can apply the first controller force to the stack  15  in accordance with a first signal from the sensor  66  to cause the stack  15  to take on a first shape. The actuator  36  can apply the second controller force to the stack  15  in accordance with a second signal from the sensor  66  to cause the stack  15  to take on a second shape that is different than the first shape. The first and second controller forces create shapes in the compressed state. When the controller force is a null force, the shape corresponds to an uncompressed state. Such a configuration can be advantageous in situations such as those illustrated in  FIGS. 5A-5D  and  FIGS. 8A-8F  where various positions and orientations may be desired for different purposes. 
     The processor  70  can also instruction the actuator  36  to apply different levels of force based on different velocities signals received from the velocity sensor. Specifically, the velocity sensor can detect the speed of the first part  56  moving relative to the second part  58  of the laptop-computing device  54 . If the processor  70  identifies the velocity to be too high, the processor  70  can instruct the actuator  36  to increase the applied force to dampen the high velocity so that the first and second parts  56 ,  58  move more slowly relative to each other and are more stable. Such a configuration can be helpful when opening and closing the laptop-computing device  54 . 
     Further, the processor  70  can instruct the actuator  36  to apply different levels of force based on different strain signals received from the strain sensor. Specifically, the processor  70  can receive different strain signals from the stack  15  of layers  16  of the integrated hinge assembly  10  as illustrated in  FIGS. 5B-5D . Based on the received strain signals, the processor  70  can instruct the actuator  36  to apply different forces to control the speed of movement between the first and second parts  56 ,  58 . Such a configuration can be helpful to encourage and/or avoid different positions between the first and second parts  56 ,  58  of the portable electronic device  50 . 
     Finally, the processor  70  can instruct the actuator  36  upon receiving a signal from the on/off button  68  to act on the stack  15  of layers  16  based on one of the compressed and uncompressed states. Such a configuration can be helpful when opening and closing the laptop-computing device  54  so that the transition takes place and the laptop-computing device  54  is substantially fixed in the open or closed position. 
       FIG. 7A-7B  illustrates a fifth embodiment where the stiffness modulator  10  can be the flexible OLED display of any electronic device.  FIG. 7A  illustrates an active state and  FIG. 7B  illustrates a dormant state. In the active state, the electronic device can be a normal functioning device such as the tablet device  56 ,  58 . In this active state, the electronic device  10  can be in the compressed state for operation. 
     After use, as illustrated in  FIG. 7B , the tablet device  56  can transition to the uncompressed state. Accordingly, the tablet device  56  is rolled up for storage purposes. Subsequently, the tablet device  56  can transition back to the compressed state to substantially fix the shape. The tablet device  58  can be shaped as a pen in the compressed state and stored inside tablet device  56 . 
     In the uncompressed state, the tablet devices  56 ,  58  can be advantageously flexible enough to be rolled up for storage purposes and to be formed into a pencil. In the compressed state, the tablet device  58  can be advantageously rigid enough to draw and write as a pencil on the tablet device  56 . Accordingly, the tablet devices  56 ,  58  can advantageously be continuous and foldable displays without bulky mechanical parts. 
       FIGS. 8A-8F  illustrate a sixth embodiment of the stiffness modulator  10  being a part of a carrying case of a portable electronic device such a smart phone. Specifically, the first part  56  can be a base of a phone cover and the second part  58  is a smart cover formed by the stiffness modulator  10 . The base  56  can movably couple to the smart cover  58  via the stack  15  of layers  16  in the stiffness modulator  10  of the smart cover  58 . The base  56  of the phone cover is commonly understood by one skilled in the art. 
     In operation, the smart cover  58  can substantially cover the base  56  to deactivate the smart phone. The smart cover  58  can also be in the uncompressed state to be shaped into a variety of positions as illustrated. The shapes can advantageously be smooth and continuous to provide improvements in handling, aesthetics and configurability. When the desired shape or position is achieved, the smart cover  58  can transition into the compressed state to lock the shape or position in place. Accordingly, the smart cover  58  can be used to tilt the base  56  carrying the smart phone in a variety of orientations. 
       FIGS. 9 and 10  illustrate a seventh embodiment of a stiffness modulator  10  being an adjustable bending surface of a haptic surface such as a flexible touchscreen  80 . When the touch screen  80  is used as an input device, such as a keyboard, for example, the user does not have a typical typing experiencing. The sound or feel of typing on a flat touchscreen does not provide a high quality typing experience to the user when compared to a keyboard. 
     In this embodiment, different portions  82  of the stack  15  of layers  16  in the touchscreen  80  can be bent or raised. As illustrated in  FIG. 10 , the actuator  36  can be a liquid filled bladder, an air bladder or a pneumatic bladder and the actuator  36  can be placed underneath the top surface of the touchscreen  80 . Specifically, the raised portion  82  can be arranged like a keyboard on the touchscreen  80 . A flat keyboard edge definition  84  can be disposed between each raised portion  82 . Accordingly, key registration can be in the XY axis and the raised portion  82  of the touchscreen  80  is in the Z-axis. The raised portion  82  of the touchscreen  80  can also vibrate, slightly move or sense pressure via the actuator  36  upon contact when programmed to do so by the processor  70 . 
     In operation, the touchscreen  80  can flex in the uncompressed state. A plurality of actuators  36  can be arranged underneath a top surface of the touchscreen  80  where each actuator  36  represents a key on the keyboard. The touchscreen  80  can also be in the compressed state and operate typically as understood by one skilled in the art. 
     When the touchscreen  80  can transition to the compressed state to create a keyboard surface, the plurality of actuators  36  can provide a bladder force on a bottom surface of the touchscreen  80  to raise and bend the top surface of the touchscreen  80 . The bladder force can be maintained in the plurality of actuators  36  to set the compressed state of the touchscreen  80 . Accordingly, each raised surface  82  can be formed and be disposed over one of the plurality of actuators  36 . Further, flat keyboard edge definitions  84  can be disposed between each raised surface  84  and above the spaces where the plurality of actuators  36  are not present. 
     Such a configuration advantageously can create a discrete and defined surface on the touchscreen  80  for each letter. The user can have a better typing experience because each letter has a proud key on the touchscreen  80 . 
     The haptic surface can also create a custom surface topography using the actuators  36  where the haptic surface is flexible in the uncompressed state and rigid in the compressed state. The amount of detail on the haptic surface can depend on the number of actuators  36  present. The actuators  36  can be stimulated to provide haptics to adjust the haptic surface to a desired orientation in the uncompressed state and then substantially fix the haptic surface in the compressed state. Other applications of this embodiment can include a braille display and custom button shapes for recognizable user interfaces. 
     An eighth embodiment of the stiffness modulator can be a wearable device such a glove device. A ninth embodiment of the stiffness modulator can be a wearable device such as a knee brace device. An elbow sleeve and other wearable devices can also similarly incorporate the stiffness modulator as described below. The wearable device can be used in virtual reality, augmented reality and mixed reality settings. Typically, to touch a virtual object, a physical structure is needed. The glove device and the knee brace device according to these embodiments advantageously does not require a physical structure to achieve the virtual reality, augmented reality and mixed reality settings. 
     The construction and operation principles of the glove device can be similar and equally applicable to the knee brace device. Specifically, to mimic a virtual object instead of relying on a physical structure, the wearable device can include a stack  15  of layers  16  that are overlaid on a hand or knee, for example. The wearable device can include a variable number of layers  16  at different locations. For example, more layers  16  can be disposed above joints of the hand and the kneecap where movement can take place. This is because at the locations of movement, resistance to relative movement between various muscles and joints is desired to be controlled. On the other hand, less layers  16  can be disposed on other parts of the hand and leg that remain relatively straight, i.e. where long straight bones are located. 
     When the actuators  36  apply mechanical force or controller force to the stack  15  of layers  16  in the wearable device the user can experience different levels of stiffness and resistance. This is because the variable number of layers  16  create controlled locational friction to provide variable resistance or damping. Accordingly, different tasks can attribute to the different stiffness experiences at different locations on the hand and the leg to create the virtual reality, augmented reality and mixed reality settings. 
       FIG. 11  illustrates a flow diagram an operation of the stiffness modulator  10  for use with the described embodiments. In step  100 , the processor  70  can be programmed to correlate different levels of mechanical force instructions based on signals from the sensor  66  and stored user preferences  72  in relation to the specified resistance or relative movement of the stack  15  of layers  16 . The processor  70  can also be programmed to correlate different shapes of controller force instructions based on signals from the sensor  66  and stored user preferences  72  in relation to the specified shape of the stack  15  of layers  16 . Next, in step  105 , the stack  15  of interleaved layers  16  can bend or be configured into the specified shape by an external force in the uncompressed state. Alternatively, in haptic surfaces this step is skipped because the stiffness modulator  10  can create the specified shape of the stack  15  of layers  16 . 
     In step  110 , the processor  70  can receive a signal from the sensor  66 , the button  68  or from a created signal based on the user preferences  72 . Subsequently, in step  115 , the processor  70  can activate the actuator  36  to release the mechanical force (or the controller force) based on the received signal to the stack  15  of layers  16  in the compressed state. The mechanical force can substantially fix the stack  15  of layers  16  or provide variable levels of mechanical stiffness as described above. This controller force can substantially fix the stack  15  of layers  16  in various shapes as described above. 
     In step  120 , the processor  70  determines if the stack  15  of layers  16  is a surface for providing haptics. If the stack  15  is a surface for providing haptics, the process continues to step  125  where actuator  36  can be activated such as to cause the stack  15  of layers  16  to vibrate, slightly move or sense pressure when programmed to do so by the processor  70 . In other words, an external force, such as a haptic force provided by the actuator  36 , can cause the stack  15  of layers  16  to provide haptics. This step is optional as haptic surfaces can require this process step but not all stiffness modulator  10  applications require it. 
     Step  130  requests information from the processor to determine if further operation is desired. If further operation is desired, steps  110 - 120  can repeat as the stiffness modulator  10  goes back and forth between various compressed states. 
     In step  135  after the user is done operating the stiffness modulator  10 , the processor  70  can receive the signal from the button  68  to activate the uncompressed state in the stiffness modulator  10 . Accordingly, in step  140 , the processor  70  can activate the actuator  36  to release the mechanical force (null controller force) from the stack  15  of layers  16  in the stiffness modulator  10 . Thus, the stiffness modulator  10  is now in the uncompressed state. Accordingly, the stiffness modulator  10  can be folded and stored for later use. This process step can be followed by transitioning the stiffness modulator  10  into the compressed state since the stiffness modulator  10  can be stored in either state. 
     The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, used specific nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the specific details are not required in order to practice the described embodiments. Thus, the foregoing descriptions of the specific embodiments described herein are presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not targeted to be exhaustive or to limit the embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. 
     An integrated hinge assembly for use with an electronic system is described having at least a first part that carries a display for presenting visual content and a second part that carries an input device that includes, at least, a stack that includes layers of bendable material. The stack has a first end coupled to the first part and a second end, opposite the first end, coupled to the second part. The layers are capable of bending and retaining a continuous and smooth profile in response to an applied force. The stack is capable of transitioning between an uncompressed state having a first thickness and a first resistance to relative movement of the first and second parts and a compressed state having a second thickness and a second resistance to relative movement of the first and second parts. The second thickness is less than the first thickness and the second resistance to relative movement is greater than the first resistance to relative movement. 
     A personal computing device is described that comprises a single piece body having a seamless overall appearance and that includes a bendable portion that is capable of having a smoothly curved shape. The single piece body includes a first part capable of carrying a display suitable for presenting visual content, and a second part that is capable of carrying an input device suitable for accepting an input action. The personal computing device also includes a multi-state bending assembly carried by the single piece body at the bendable portion and positioned between and in mechanical communication with the first part and the second part. The multi-state bending assembly includes a planar assembly that, in a first state, is characterized as having a first thickness and allows relative movement of the first and second parts with respect to each other. In a second state, the planar assembly is characterized as having a second thickness, less than the first thickness, that is capable of maintaining a fixed angular displacement between the first and second parts. 
     In one embodiment, the planar assembly further includes an interlayer interposed between each layer of bendable material. In an uncompressed state of the multi-state bending assembly, at least some of the layers are separated by a first separation distance such that a mechanical coupling between the layers establishes a first resistance, and in the compressed state of the multi-state bending assembly, at least some of the layers are separated by a second separation distance such that the mechanical coupling establishes a second resistance. Also, in the uncompressed state, an actuator permits a release of mechanical energy from the planar assembly thereby allowing at least some of the layers to maintain the first separation distance so as to be able to move with respect to each other. In the compressed state, the actuator prevents the release of mechanical energy from the layers thereby allowing at least some of the layers to maintain the second separation distance. In one embodiment, in the uncompressed state, the layers are capable of moving relative to each other, and in the compressed state, the layers are substantially fixed with respect to each other. In one embodiment, the actuator includes at least one of an air pump, a vacuum pump, an electrostatic polymer and an air bladder. In one embodiment, the personal computing device further includes an electronic trace that couples the first and the second parts and that allows passage of electrical signals or information. The single piece body is a laptop-computing device. The first part is a first electronic device having the display, and the second part is a second electronic device having a display capable of presenting visual content in the form of the input device. The first and second electronic devices communicate with each other by way of the electronic trace or a wired connection that is carried by the stack. The first electronic device is a first tablet computer and the second electronic device is a second tablet computer. 
     In one embodiment, the personal computing device further includes a sensor capable of providing a first signal in accordance with the uncompressed state and a second signal in accordance with the compressed state, and a programmable processor communicating with the sensor and the actuator. The processor is capable of (i) receiving the signals from the sensor, and (ii) causing the actuator to act on the planar assembly in accordance with one of the compressed or uncompressed states. 
     In one embodiment, the integrated hinge assembly further includes a first part movably coupled to a second part via the stack. The second part substantially covers the first part to deactivate an electronic device. 
     A portable electronic device is also described that includes a first part that carries a visual display for presenting visual content, a second part that carries an input device, and a solid state hinge assembly coupled to the first and second part in a manner that allows relative angular movement between the first and second parts, wherein the solid state hinge assembly includes a bending medium capable of (i) bending in response to an applied force and (ii) providing a resistance to movement in accordance with an amount of bending, and a force actuator physically coupled to the bending medium, the force actuator capable of providing the force. 
     In one embodiment, the portable electronic device is a laptop-computing device and wherein the first part is a lid and the second part is a base capable of supporting the lid. The lid further carries a camera assembly and a speaker assembly, and the input device is a keyboard. 
     In one embodiment, the actuator is capable of providing (i) a first force corresponding to a first angular displacement between the lid and the base, and (ii) a second force corresponding to a second angular displacement between the lid and the base. The first and second angular displacements are different. The first angular displacement corresponds to a first angle suitable for presentation of the visual content, and the second angular displacement corresponds to a second angle that is suitable for use of the keyboard. 
     Further, a method carried out by operating an adjustable bending structure including a stack of layers is described. The stack of interleaved layers can include material capable of bending in response to an applied force. The adjustable bending structure can be in communication with a sensor capable of detecting a shape of the stack and providing a signal, and can be in communication with an actuator capable of receiving the signal and responding by applying a controller force that controls a shape of the stack. A first controller force can correspond to a first shape and a second controller force can correspond to a second shape. The method includes the actuator receiving a first signal provided by the sensor. The first signal can correspond to the first controller force. Subsequently, the actuator can apply the first controller force to the stack in accordance with the first signal, and the first controller force causes the stack to take on the first shape. Next, the actuator can receive a second signal provided by the sensor. The second signal can correspond to the second controller force. Thereafter, the actuator can apply the second controller force to the stack in accordance with the second signal, and the second controller force causes the stack to take on the second shape that is different than the first shape. 
     In one embodiment, when the controller force is a null force, the shape corresponds to an uncompressed state. Otherwise, the shape corresponds to a compressed state. 
     In one embodiment, the method further includes programming a processor to correlate different levels of mechanical force instructions based on other signals from the sensor in relation to the specified shape of the stack, and receiving the other signals from the sensor, and activating the actuator to apply the mechanical force instructions received from the programmed processor based on the received other signals. 
     In one embodiment, the method further includes bending the stack via raising portions of a surface of the adjustable bending structure to provide a flat keyboard edge definition, activating two or more actuators to substantially fix the raised portion in a compressed state, and vibrating the raised portions of the surface of the adjustable bending structure upon contact. 
     In one embodiment, the method further includes providing varied number of interleaved layers at different locations of the stack to adjust a relative stiffness and vary an applied resistance to movement. The adjustable bending structure is one of a glove, an elbow sleeve and a knee brace. 
     As described above, one aspect of the present technology is the gathering and use of data available from various sources to improve the delivery to users of personal content or any other content that may be of interest to them. The present disclosure contemplates that in some instances, this gathered data may include personal information data that uniquely identifies or can be used to contact or locate a specific person. Such personal information data can include demographic data, location-based data, telephone numbers, email addresses, twitter ID&#39;s, home addresses, data or records relating to a user&#39;s health or level of fitness (e.g., vital signs measurements, medication information, exercise information), date of birth, or any other identifying or personal information. 
     The present disclosure recognizes that the use of such personal information data, in the present technology, can be used to the benefit of users. For example, the personal information data can be used to deliver targeted content that is of greater interest to the user. Accordingly, use of such personal information data enables users to calculated control of the delivered content. Further, other uses for personal information data that benefit the user are also contemplated by the present disclosure. For instance, health and fitness data may be used to provide insights into a user&#39;s general wellness, or may be used as positive feedback to individuals using technology to pursue wellness goals. 
     The present disclosure contemplates that the entities responsible for the collection, analysis, disclosure, transfer, storage, or other use of such personal information data will comply with well-established privacy policies and/or privacy practices. In particular, such entities should implement and consistently use privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining personal information data private and secure. Such policies should be easily accessible by users, and should be updated as the collection and/or use of data changes. Personal information from users should be collected for legitimate and reasonable uses of the entity and not shared or sold outside of those legitimate uses. Further, such collection/sharing should occur after receiving the informed consent of the users. Additionally, such entities should consider taking any needed steps for safeguarding and securing access to such personal information data and ensuring that others with access to the personal information data adhere to their privacy policies and procedures. Further, such entities can subject themselves to evaluation by third parties to certify their adherence to widely accepted privacy policies and practices. In addition, policies and practices should be adapted for the particular types of personal information data being collected and/or accessed and adapted to applicable laws and standards, including jurisdiction-specific considerations. For instance, in the US, collection of or access to certain health data may be governed by federal and/or state laws, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA); whereas health data in other countries may be subject to other regulations and policies and should be handled accordingly. Hence different privacy practices should be maintained for different personal data types in each country. 
     Despite the foregoing, the present disclosure also contemplates embodiments in which users selectively block the use of, or access to, personal information data. That is, the present disclosure contemplates that hardware and/or software elements can be provided to prevent or block access to such personal information data. For example, in the case of advertisement delivery services, the present technology can be configured to allow users to select to “opt in” or “opt out” of participation in the collection of personal information data during registration for services or anytime thereafter. In addition to providing “opt in” and “opt out” options, the present disclosure contemplates providing notifications relating to the access or use of personal information. For instance, a user may be notified upon downloading an app that their personal information data will be accessed and then reminded again just before personal information data is accessed by the app. 
     Moreover, it is the intent of the present disclosure that personal information data should be managed and handled in a way to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use. Risk can be minimized by limiting the collection of data and deleting data once it is no longer needed. In addition, and when applicable, including in certain health related applications, data de-identification can be used to protect a user&#39;s privacy. De-identification may be facilitated, when appropriate, by removing specific identifiers (e.g., date of birth, etc.), controlling the amount or specificity of data stored (e.g., collecting location data a city level rather than at an address level), controlling how data is stored (e.g., aggregating data across users), and/or other methods. 
     Therefore, although the present disclosure broadly covers use of personal information data to implement one or more various disclosed embodiments, the present disclosure also contemplates that the various embodiments can also be implemented without the need for accessing such personal information data. That is, the various embodiments of the present technology are not rendered inoperable due to the lack of all or a portion of such personal information data. For example, content can be selected and delivered to users by inferring preferences based on non-personal information data or a bare minimum amount of personal information, such as the content being requested by the device associated with a user, other non-personal information available to the content delivery services, or publicly available information.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20190315
Publication Date: 20200505
Grant Date: 20200505
Priority Date: 20180914
Inventors: LEHMANN, Alex J.
WANG, PAUL X.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G06F1/1684", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1681", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/162", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/162", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1681", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1684", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2200/1633", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/016", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/014", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1679", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1677", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1652", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1649", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1635", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/163", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/03545", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1681", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1616", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 70461251