PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-11310869-B2
Application Number: US-201715716730-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: RF radiohead with optical interconnection to baseband processor

Abstract:
A portable electronic device includes a baseband integrated circuit configured to generate communication data and control signals. The portable electronic device also includes an optical path configured to be coupled to the baseband integrated circuit to transmit the data signals from the baseband integrated circuit. The portable electronic device additionally includes a radiohead configured to be coupled to the optical path to receive the data signals transmitted along the optical path from the baseband integrated circuit.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An electronic device, comprising:
 a housing of a handheld cellular telephone or a handheld tablet; 
 a baseband integrated circuit disposed within the housing and configured to generate communication data signals and control signals; 
 a radiohead disposed within the housing and configured to receive the communication data signals from the baseband integrated circuit; and 
 an optical path disposed within the housing and coupled between the baseband integrated circuit and the radiohead, wherein the optical path is configured to transmit the communication data signals from the baseband integrated circuit to the radiohead. 
 
     
     
       2. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the optical path is configured to transmit the control signals from the baseband integrated circuit to the radiohead. 
     
     
       3. The electronic device of  claim 1 , comprising a control line configured to transmit the control signals from the baseband integrated circuit to the radiohead. 
     
     
       4. The electronic device of  claim 3 , wherein the control line comprises a metal conductor. 
     
     
       5. The electronic device of  claim 1 , comprising an optical interface configured to couple the baseband integrated circuit to the optical path. 
     
     
       6. The electronic device of  claim 5 , wherein the optical interface is integrated into the baseband integrated circuit. 
     
     
       7. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the radiohead is configured to transmit received communication data signals to the baseband integrated circuit via the optical path. 
     
     
       8. An electronic device, comprising:
 an enclosure configured to house electronic circuitry of a handheld cellular telephone or a handheld tablet, wherein the electronic circuitry comprises: 
 a baseband integrated circuit configured to generate data signals;
 a radiohead configured to receive the data signals from the baseband integrated circuit via an optical path and to generate communication signals based at least in part on the data signals; and 
 a transmission line coupled to the radiohead and configured to transmit the communication signals from the radiohead; and 
 an antenna coupled to the transmission line and configured to receive the communication signals from the radiohead and transmit the communication signals. 
 
 
     
     
       9. The electronic device of  claim 8 , wherein the radiohead is disposed proximate to an outer edge of the enclosure. 
     
     
       10. The electronic device of  claim 8 , comprising a control line coupled between the radiohead and the baseband integrated circuit, wherein the baseband integrated circuit is configured to send control signals to the radiohead via the control line. 
     
     
       11. The electronic device of  claim 8 , comprising a second radiohead configured to be coupled to the optical path to receive second data signals transmitted along the optical path from the baseband integrated circuit, wherein the second radiohead is configured to generate second communication signals based at least in part on the second data signals. 
     
     
       12. The electronic device of  claim 8 , comprising a second radiohead and a second optical path configured to be coupled to second radiohead and the baseband integrated circuit, wherein the second radiohead is configured to receive second data signals transmitted along the second optical path from the baseband integrated circuit, wherein the second radiohead is configured to generate second communication signals based at least in part on the second data signals. 
     
     
       13. The electronic device of  claim 12 , wherein the optical path and the second optical path are coupled to the baseband integrated circuit via separate interfaces. 
     
     
       14. The electronic device of  claim 12 , wherein the radiohead is configured to generate the communication signals at a first radio frequency, wherein the second radiohead is configured to generate the second communication signals at a second radio frequency. 
     
     
       15. The electronic device of  claim 10 , wherein the baseband integrated circuit is configured to transmit the control signals to the radiohead via the optical path. 
     
     
       16. The electronic device of  claim 15 , wherein the optical path comprises a multimode plastic optical fiber cable. 
     
     
       17. A method, comprising:
 generating communication data and control signals via a baseband integrated circuit of a portable electronic device, wherein the portable electronic device comprises a handheld cellular telephone or a handheld tablet; 
 transmitting the data signals from the baseband integrated circuit of the portable electronic device to a radiohead of the portable electronic device across a fiber optic path; and 
 
       receiving the data signals at the radiohead of the portable electronic device. 
     
     
       18. The method of  claim 17 , comprising transmitting the control signals from the baseband integrated circuit of the portable electronic device to the radiohead of the portable electronic device across the fiber optic path. 
     
     
       19. The method of  claim 17 , comprising transmitting incoming data signals from the radiohead to the baseband integrated circuit via the fiber optic path. 
     
     
       20. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein the radiohead comprises signal conversion circuitry configured to convert the communication data signals into a transmission format and amplification circuitry configured to amplify the converted communication data signals for transmission.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     The present disclosure relates generally to use of transmitters in electronic devices. 
     This section is intended to introduce the reader to various aspects of art that may be related to various aspects of the present disclosure, which are described and/or claimed below. This discussion is believed to be helpful in providing the reader with background information to facilitate a better understanding of the various aspects of the present disclosure. Accordingly, it should be understood that these statements are to be read in this light, and not as admissions of prior art. 
     Wireless communication devices (e.g., smartphones, wearable devices, etc.) are proliferating. Many wireless communication devices support multiple communication protocols on the same platform. For example, wireless communication devices may use Long-Term Evolution (LIE), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), wireless local area networks (WLAN), Bluetooth, Global Positioning System (PPS), Near-Field Communication (NFC), and/or other suitable wireless communication protocols in addition to cellular/connectivity transceivers, such as radio frequency transceivers. Typically, radio frequency transceivers are located close to the cellular/connectivity baseband integrated circuits to avoid long routing lines between the transceivers and the baseband integrated circuits. However, the close proximity of the radio frequency transceiver to the baseband integrated circuit can lead to long RF routing lines across a device to one or more antenna(s) of the device (e.g., which are typically located at the opposite sides of the device) and, therefore, causes performance degradation (e.g., receive sensitivity degradation and/or increased current drain) and increased device cost (e.g., due to wiring complexities). 
     SUMMARY 
     A summary of certain embodiments disclosed herein is set forth below. It should be understood that these aspects are presented merely to provide the reader with a brief summary of these certain embodiments and that these aspects are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Indeed, this disclosure may encompass a variety of aspects that may not be set forth below. 
     In some embodiments, selective positioning of one or more radio frequency transceivers in a user device is undertaken. For example, placement of the one or more radio frequency transceivers may be adjacent or directly adjacent to one or more antennas of the device. As result, radio frequency performance impact (e.g., degradation) is reduced and/or minimized. Additionally, a single path may be utilized between any radio frequency transceiver and the baseband integrated circuit. In some embodiments, an optical path (e.g., a fiber optic or other optical path) may be utilized. In some embodiments, an optical connection (e.g., interface) may also be utilized at one or more of the radio frequency transceiver and the baseband integrated circuit. Use of the optical path may operate to reduce both interference to and from additional subsystems of the device. Additionally, the optical path may have sufficient bandwidth so that one optical interconnection between the radio frequency transceiver and the baseband integrated circuit is utilized. Moreover, the number of the interconnections between the radio frequency transceiver and the baseband integrated circuit can be reduced with accompanying gains in both reduced complexity and cost related to the interconnections. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Various aspects of this disclosure may be better understood upon reading the following detailed description and upon reference to the drawings in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic block diagram of an electronic device including wireless transceiver(s)/receiver(s), in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective view of a notebook computer representing an embodiment of the electronic device of  FIG. 1 , in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 3  is a front view of a hand-held device representing another embodiment of the electronic device of  FIG. 1 , in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 4  is a front view of another hand-held device representing another embodiment of the electronic device of  FIG. 1 , in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 5  is a front view of a desktop computer representing another embodiment of the electronic device of  FIG. 1 , in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 6  is a front view of a wearable electronic device representing another embodiment of the electronic device of  FIG. 1 , in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 7  is a schematic view of an electronic device including a wireless transceiver/receiver with an optical routing line, in accordance with an embodiment; and 
         FIG. 8  is a schematic view of an electronic device including multiple wireless transceivers/receivers with optical routing lines, in accordance with an embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS 
     One or more specific embodiments will be described below. In an effort to provide a concise description of these embodiments, not all features of an actual implementation are described in the specification. It should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developers&#39; specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which may vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it should be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking of design, fabrication, and manufacture for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure. 
     Typically a cellular/connectivity radio frequency transceiver is located close to the cellular/connectivity baseband integrated circuit (IC) to avoid long routing lines between the IC and the transceiver. In general, the routing lines include multiple metal wires, and may produce electromagnetic interference. However, when the radio frequency transceiver is located close to the cellular/connectivity baseband IC, transmission lines must travel the remaining distance to the antennas (which are typically located at the opposite sides of the device). These relatively long transmission lines may cause performance issues such as increased current drain and reception sensitivity degradation. 
     Accordingly, placement of the radio frequency transceiver in close proximity to the device antennas may instead be undertaken. As result, the radio frequency (RF) performance degradation may be reduced. An optical interconnection to the respective transceivers (each located proximate to a respective antenna) and the baseband IC may be used to reduce electromagnetic interference to other devices and subsystems. Similarly the sensitivity to interference coupling from other device subsystems is minimized through the use of optical fiber wire between the respective RF transceivers (each located proximate to a respective antenna) and the baseband IC. 
     With the foregoing in mind and referring first to  FIG. 1 , an electronic device  10  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include, among other things, one or more processor(s)  12 , memory  14 , nonvolatile storage  16 , a display  18 , input structures  20 , an input/output (I/O) interface  22 , a power source  24 , and network interface(s)  26 . The various functional blocks shown in  FIG. 1  may include hardware elements (e.g., including circuitry), software elements (e.g., including computer code stored on a computer-readable medium) or a combination of both hardware and software elements. It should be noted that  FIG. 1  is merely one example of a particular implementation and is intended to illustrate the types of components that may be present in electronic device  10 . 
     In the electronic device  10  of  FIG. 1 , the processor(s)  12  and/or other data processing circuitry may be operably coupled with the memory  14  and the nonvolatile storage  16  to perform various algorithms. Such programs or instructions, including those for executing the techniques described herein, executed by the processor(s)  12  may be stored in any suitable article of manufacture that includes one or more tangible, computer-readable media at least collectively storing the instructions or routines, such as the memory  14  and the nonvolatile storage  16 . The memory  14  and the nonvolatile storage  16  may include any suitable articles of manufacture for storing data and executable instructions, such as random-access memory, read-only memory, rewritable flash memory, hard drives, and/or optical discs. Also, programs (e.g., an operating system) encoded on such a computer program product may also include instructions that may be executed by the processor(s)  12  to enable the electronic device  10  to provide various functionalities. 
     In certain embodiments, the display  18  may be a liquid crystal display (e.g., LCD), which may allow users to view images generated on the electronic device  10 . In some embodiments, the display  18  may include a touch screen, which may allow users to interact with a user interface of the electronic device  10 . Furthermore, it should be appreciated that, in some embodiments, the display  18  may include one or more light emitting diode (e.g., LED) displays, or some combination of LCD panels and LED panels. 
     The input structures  20  of the electronic device  10  may enable a user to interact with the electronic device  10  (e.g., pressing a button to increase or decrease a volume level). The I/O interface  22  may enable the electronic device  10  to interface with various other electronic devices. The I/O interface  22  may include various types of ports that may be connected to cabling. These ports may include standardized and/or proprietary ports, such as USB, RS232, Apple&#39;s Lightning® connector, as well as one or more ports for a conducted RF link. 
     As further illustrated, the electronic device  10  may include a power source  24 . The power source  24  may include any suitable source of power, such as a rechargeable lithium polymer (e.g., Li-poly) battery and/or an alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) power converter/inverter. The power source  24  may also be removable, such as a replaceable battery cell. 
     The network interface(s)  26  enable the electronic device  10  to connect to one or more network types and one or more other devices. The network interface(s)  26  may also include, for example, interfaces for a personal area network (e.g., PAN), such as a Bluetooth connection, for a local area network (e.g., LAN) or wireless local area network (e.g., WLAN), such as an 802.11x Wi-Fi network or an 802.15.4 network, and/or for a wide area network (e.g., WAN), such as a 3rd generation (e.g., 3G) cellular network, 4th generation (e.g., 4G) cellular network, or long term evolution (e.g., LTE) cellular network. The network interface(s)  26  may also include interfaces for, for example, broadband fixed wireless access networks (e.g., WiMAX), mobile broadband Wireless networks (e.g., mobile WiMAX), and so forth and/or an NFC communication interface. The network interface(s)  26  may also include antenna(s)  27  that detect and/or transmit wireless signals around the electronic device  10  and passes the received signals to/from transceiver/receiver(s)  28 . The transceiver/receiver(s)  28  may include one or more receivers and/or transmitters that are configured to send and/or receive information via one or more respective antennas of the antenna(s)  27 . Each transceiver/receiver  28  may be connected to its own antenna  27 . Alternatively, at least some of the transceiver/receiver(s)  28  may share an antenna  27 . 
     By way of example, the electronic device  10  may represent a block diagram of the notebook computer depicted in  FIG. 2 , the handheld device depicted in either of  FIG. 3  or  FIG. 4 , the desktop computer depicted in  FIG. 5 , the wearable electronic device depicted in  FIG. 6 , or similar devices. It should be noted that the processor(s)  12  and/or other data processing circuitry may be generally referred to herein as “data processing circuitry.” Such data processing circuitry may be embodied wholly or in part as software, firmware, hardware, or any combination thereof. Furthermore, the data processing circuitry may be a single contained processing module or may be incorporated wholly or partially within any of the other elements within the electronic device  10 . 
     In certain embodiments, the electronic device  10  may take the form of a computer, a portable electronic device, a wearable electronic device, or other type of electronic device. Such computers may include computers that are generally portable (e.g., such as laptop, notebook, and tablet computers) as well as computers that are generally used in one place (e.g., such as conventional desktop computers, workstations and/or servers). In certain embodiments, the electronic device  10  in the form of a computer may be a model of a MacBook®, MacBook® Pro, MacBook Air®, iMac®, Mac® mini, or Mac Pro® available from Apple Inc. By way of example, the electronic device  10 , taking the form of a notebook computer  30 A, is illustrated in  FIG. 2  in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. The depicted computer  30 A may include a housing or enclosure  32 , a display  18 , input structures  20 , and ports of the I/O interface  22 . In one embodiment, the input structures  20  (e.g., such as a built in keyboard and/or touchpad) may be used to interact with the computer  30 A, such as to start, control, or operate a graphical user interface (GUI) or applications running on computer  30 A. For example, a keyboard and/or touchpad may allow a user to navigate a user interface or application interface displayed on display  18 . 
       FIG. 3  depicts a front view of a handheld device  30 B, which represents one embodiment of the electronic device  10 . The handheld device  30 B may represent, for example, a portable phone, a media player, a personal data organizer, a handheld game platform, or any combination of such devices. By way of example, the handheld device  30 B may be a model of an iPod® or iPhone® available from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. 
     The handheld device  30 B may include an enclosure  32  to protect interior components from physical damage and to shield them from electromagnetic interference. The enclosure  32  may surround the display  18 , which may display indicator icons  34 . The indicator icons  34  may indicate, among other things, a cellular signal strength, Bluetooth connection, and/or battery life. Likewise, the handheld device  30 B may include graphical icons  36  that may be part of a GUI, which allow a user to interact with the handheld device  30 B. Additionally, the illustrated I/O interface  22  may open through the enclosure  32  and may include, for example, an I/O port for a hard wired connection for charging and/or content manipulation using a connector and protocol, such as the Lightning connector provided by Apple Inc., a universal serial bus (e.g., USB), one or more conducted RF connectors, or other connectors and protocols. 
     User input structures  20 , in combination with the display  18 , may allow a user to control the handheld device  30 B. For example, one of the input structures  20  may activate or deactivate the handheld device  30 B, one of the input structures  20  may navigate user interface to a home screen, a user-configurable application screen, and/or activate a voice-recognition feature of the handheld device  30 B, while other of the input structures  20  may provide volume control, or may toggle between vibrate and ring modes. Additional input structures  20  may also include a microphone may obtain a user&#39;s voice for various voice-related features, and a speaker to allow for audio playback and/or certain phone capabilities. The input structures  20  may also include a headphone input (not illustrated) to provide a connection to external speakers and/or headphones and/or other output structures. 
       FIG. 4  depicts a front view of another handheld device  30 C, which represents another embodiment of the electronic device  10 . The handheld device  30 C may represent, for example, a tablet computer, or one of various portable computing devices. By way of example, the handheld device  30 C may be a tablet-sized embodiment of the electronic device  10 , which may be, for example, a model of an iPad® available from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. 
     Turning to  FIG. 5 , a computer  30 D may represent another embodiment of the electronic device  10  of  FIG. 1 . The computer  30 D may be any computer, such as a desktop computer, a server, or a notebook computer, but may also be a standalone media player or video gaming machine. By way of example, the computer  30 D may be an iMac®, a MacBook®, or other similar device by Apple Inc. It should be noted that the computer  30 D may also represent a personal computer (e.g., PC) by another manufacturer. A similar enclosure  32  may be provided to protect and enclose internal components of the computer  30 D such as the display  18 . In certain embodiments, a user of the computer  30 D may interact with the computer  30 D using various peripheral input devices as the input structures  20 , such as the keyboard  38  or mouse  40 , which may connect to the computer  30 D via an I/O interface  22 . 
     Similarly,  FIG. 6  depicts a wearable electronic device  30 E representing another embodiment of the electronic device  10  of  FIG. 1  that may be configured to operate using the techniques described herein. By way of example, the wearable electronic device  30 E, which may include a wristband  42 , may be an Apple Watch® by Apple, Inc. However, in other embodiments, the wearable electronic device  30 E may include any wearable electronic device such as, for example, a wearable exercise monitoring device (e.g., pedometer, accelerometer, heart rate monitor), or other device by another manufacturer. The display  18  of the wearable electronic device  30 E may include a touch screen (e.g., LCD, an organic light emitting diode display (OLED), an active-matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) display, and so forth), which may allow users to interact with a user interface of the wearable electronic device  30 E. 
     The embodiments of  FIGS. 2-6  are examples of mobile and stationary electronic devices that may include one or more network interfaces  26  to transmit or receive signals wirelessly. Such wireless communication may use Long-Term Evolution (LIE), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), Wi-Fi, wireless local area networks (WLAN), Bluetooth, Global Positioning System (GPS), Near-Field Communication (NFC), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), and/or other suitable wireless communication protocols using one or more transceiver/receiver(s)  28 . Further details regarding embodiments of the network interface  26  are described below with respect to  FIGS. 7 and 8 . 
       FIG. 7  depicts a general electronic device  10  utilizing a baseband integrated circuit (BBIC)  44  for signal and data processing and a radiohead  46  to transmit and receive wireless signals. The BBIC  44 , radiohead  46 , antenna(s)  27 , or a combination thereof may be included, in whole or in part, as part of the network interface  26  and may be utilized, for example, in RF communications. Additionally,  FIGS. 7 and 8  are for illustration purposes only, and it should be understood, that the placement of the antenna  27  may be a design parameter and that antenna  27  placement may be external to, affixed to, internal to, or coupled to the enclosure  32  of the electronic device. 
     In some embodiments, the BBIC  44  may include one or more processors coupled to one or more of memory and/or nonvolatile storage devices and may operate in conjunction with the memory and/or nonvolatile storage devices to perform various algorithms and/or data/signal processing. The radiohead  46  may include one or more transceiver/receiver(s)  28 , a RF frontend  48 , and/or a power management IC. The transceiver/receiver(s)  28  may receive one or more data and control signals and operate to generate a signal for transmission from the device or receive a communication signal and transmit the results to the BBIC  44 . The RF frontend  48  may operate to, for example, convert a signal into a format for transmission via the antenna(s)  27  and/or convert a signal received from the antenna(s)  27  into a format for transmission to the transceiver/receiver(s)  28 . The power management IC may be used to regulate and/or amplify the RF signals transmitted or received via the antenna(s)  27  and/or to supply current to the other radiohead  46  components (e.g., the transceiver/receiver(s)  28 , the RF frontend  48 ). 
     The radiohead  46  may be capable of any of the above described suitable wireless communication protocols or a combination thereof. For example, if more than one radiohead  46  is used in a single electronic device  10 , each of the radioheads  46  may be the same (e.g., to generate and transmit signals on a common frequency band) or different (e.g., to generate and transmit signals on differing frequency bands). In some embodiments, transmission of a signal from the electronic device  10  may be based upon signals sent from the BBIC  44  via one or more routing lines to the transceiver/receiver  28  of the radiohead  46 . These routing lines may include designated or shared lines for control, data, clock, or other appropriate signals to the radiohead  46 . Control and clock signals may facilitate transmission and/or reception of wireless signals by the radiohead  46  (e.g., control the operation and timing of the radiohead  46 ) while the data signals may include information to be transmitted from the electronic device  10  or received at the electronic device  10 . In a transmission mode, data may be transmitted from the transceiver/receiver  28  to the RF front end  48 , which may translate the signals (e.g., may apply digital to analog conversion of the data signals). Additionally, the data signals may be routed through the power management IC to amplify the data signals prior to their transmission. From the RF front end  48  and/or the power management IC, the data signals are carried along transmission lines  50  to the antenna(s)  27  and wirelessly transmitted therefrom. In a reception mode, the reverse process may occur. 
     For example, when the electronic device  10  is receiving communications, a signal may be received by the antenna(s)  27  and travel down transmission lines  50  to the radiohead  46 . The RF front end  48  in the radiohead  46  may convert the received (e.g., analog) signal to a digital signal and send the digital signal to the BBIC  44  via the transceiver/receiver  28  and routing lines. The BBIC  44  may further interpret the received data signal and/or pass the data onto additional circuitry of the electronic device  10 . As would be appreciated by one skilled in the art, the RF front end  48  and the power management IC may be incorporated as a single IC, as shown in  FIG. 7 , or may be physically separate components. Additionally, the transceiver/receiver  28 , RF front end  48 , and/or power management IC may all be combined in a single chip. 
     In general, routing lines between the BBIC  44  and the radiohead  46  may include of multiple metal wires (e.g., solid wire, stranded wire, ribbon cable, or other suitable metal medium), and, accordingly, may produce unwanted electromagnetic interference as signals are transmitted across the routing lines. The digital clock signal, for example, having a relatively fast and possibly constant frequency, represents a significant source of electromagnetic interference to other subsystems in the electronic device  10  when transmitted over a metal wire. Likewise, data lines of the routing lines may transmit a large volume of information relative to, for example, control lines of the routing lines and therefore, may also generate a significant source of electromagnetic interference. In an attempt to minimize this interference, the routing lines have been kept short by placing the radiohead  46  in close proximity to the BBIC  44 , but the metal routing lines still produce electromagnetic interference. 
     As depicted in  FIG. 7 , in one embodiment, to alleviate the electromagnetic interference caused by the use of metallic routing lines, fiber optic connections may be used in place of metal connections to create the routing lines. In general, fiber optic connections have much higher bandwidth than metal wires, and therefore a single fiber optic routing line  52  may replace multiple metal routing lines. Utilizing a fiber optic routing line  52  may also save space on a printed circuit board (PCB) by reducing the footprint associated with metallic routing lines. Additionally, the fiber optic routing line  52  may generate very little, if any, electromagnetic interference, as compared to the metal routing lines. Replacement of the metallic connections at the BBIC  44  and the radiohead  46  may also be undertaken. 
     For example, in some embodiments, optical interfaces may be utilized in place of metal inputs (e.g., pins, pads, and the like). These optical interfaces may be located on-chip and may include, for example, optical field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), a diamond micro interface (DMI), or other suitable optical interfaces. Using such on-chip methods, the optical interfaces and/or controllers may be integrated directly onto the BBIC  44  and radiohead  46  (e.g., the transceiver/receiver(s)  28 ) or may be coupled externally to the BBIC  44  and radiohead  46 . 
     Additionally, the fiber optic routing line  52  may be used alone or in conjunction with traditional metal routing lines. For example, the fiber optic routing line  52  may be used in conjunction with a single or two-wire control line  54 , whereby the fiber optic routing line  52  transmits data or data and clock signals. In this embodiment, the control line  54  carries control signals instead of data signals to minimize traffic, and thus minimize electromagnetic interference, while the fiber optic routing line  52  carries data signals between the BBIC  44  and the radiohead  46 . In another embodiment, a multimode optical fiber (e.g., multimode plastic optical fiber (POF)) may be utilized to allow separate modes for data and control signal transmission, which may allow for the removal of the control line  54 . 
     By employing a fiber optic routing line  52 , electromagnetic interference to and from other circuitry within the electronic device  10  (e.g., processor  12 , memory  14 , storage  16 , etc.) may be reduced. Additionally, the use of a fiber optic routing line  52  may allow the repositioning of the radiohead  46 . Generally, the radiohead  46  is located in close proximity to the BBIC  44  to reduce the electromagnetic interference associated with the traditional metal routing lines by shortening (e.g., reducing) the physical length of the metal routing lines. By utilizing a fiber optic routing line  52 , the radiohead  46  may be relocated to a position in close proximity to the antenna  27 . This may provide an advantage of signals transmitted from the RF front end  48  having a shorter path to their respective antenna  27  prior to transmission, thus decreasing degradation of the RF front end  48  generated signal prior to its transmission. 
       FIG. 8  illustrates an electronic device  10  with radioheads  46  located millimeters (mm), as opposed to centimeters (cm), from the antennas  27 . In one embodiment, the radiohead  46  may be located proximate to the outer edge of the enclosure  32 , such that the transmission lines  50  from the radiohead(s)  46  to the antenna(s)  27  are less than or equal to approximately 25 mm, 10 mm, or 5 mm in length. The close proximity of the radioheads  46  and the antennas  27  allows for significantly shortened transmission lines  50 . Shorter transmission lines  50  may lead to performance efficiency improvements such as decreased current drain and increased reception sensitivity as well as decreased cost associated with long RF cables (e.g., coax). Additionally, the shorter transmission lines  50  may have a lower susceptibility to electromagnetic interference from other circuitry  56 , and, in turn, produce less electromagnetic interference to affect other circuitry of the electronic device  10 . 
     In order to maintain two antennas  27  on opposing sides of the enclosure  32 , while also keeping the transmission lines  50  relatively short, the embodiment of  FIG. 8  includes two radioheads  46 . However, it should be understood that additional antennas  27  may be employed and arranged at different positions about the enclosure  32 , each with their own respective radiohead  46 . Each of the illustrated radioheads  46  may be connected to the BBIC  44  via separate fiber optic routing lines  52  or may utilize a common fiber optic routing line  52 , thus requiring just one optical controller on the BBIC  44 . In some embodiments, if a common fiber optic routing line  52  is utilized, a fiber optic splitter or junction may be employed either at the BBIC  44 , a radiohead  46 , or elsewhere in the electronic device  10 . As stated above, the radioheads  46  may be of the same variety, or geared toward different frequency bands and/or communication protocols. 
     The use of multiple radioheads  46 , either using a common fiber optic routing line  52  or separate fiber optic routing lines  52 , may be controlled by one or more control lines  54  connected to the BBIC  44 . In both cases, the control lines  54  may carry control signals, that may, for example, indicate which radiohead  46  is to transmit/receive which RF signals. Other control signals may be transmitted to synchronize data transmission/reception between multiple radioheads  46  and/or transmit/receive different RF signals on the separate radioheads  46  simultaneously. Furthermore, as shown in  FIG. 8 , the control lines  54  to each of the radioheads  46  may be grouped together as a control bus. Additionally, as stated above, a multimode fiber optic (e.g., a plastic optical fiber (POF)) may be employed to transfer both data and control signals without the use of traditional metal routing lines or any separate control line  54 . 
     The radiohead(s)  46  may be physically closer to the antenna(s)  27  than the BBIC  44  and/or may be positioned such that at least one of the transmission lines  50  is shorter than the respective fiber optic routing line  52 . In some embodiments, the radiohead(s)  46  may be located at a position that is approximately, for example, 75%, 85%, or 95% of the total distance from the BBIC  44  to the antenna(s)  27 . Furthermore, the radiohead(s)  46  may be located within approximately, for example, 0.1 in, 0.5 in, 1 in, 2 in, or 5 in of their respective antenna(s). As explained above, employing one or more radioheads  46  in such locations, shortening the transmission lines  50 , and utilizing fiber optic routing lines  52  may help increase transmission and/or reception performance, decrease current draw, and reduce the electromagnetic interference to and from other circuitry  56  within or in close proximity to the electronic device  10 . 
     The specific embodiments described above have been shown by way of example, and it should be understood that these embodiments may be susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms. It should be further understood that the claims are not intended to be limited to the particular forms disclosed, but rather to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. 
     The techniques presented and claimed herein are referenced and applied to material objects and concrete examples of a practical nature that demonstrably improve the present technical field and, as such, are not abstract, intangible or purely theoretical. Further, if any claims appended to the end of this specification contain one or more elements designated as “means for [perform]ing [a function] . . . ” or “step for [perform]ing [a function] . . . ”, it is intended that such elements are to be interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f). However, for any claims containing elements designated in any other manner, it is intended that such elements are not to be interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f).

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20170927
Publication Date: 20220419
Grant Date: 20220419
Priority Date: 20170927
Inventors: VAZNY, RASTISLAV
SAUER, MATTHIAS
DIMPFLMAIER, RONALD W.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H04B1/40", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04M1/003", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B1/40", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04M1/003", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W40/06", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W88/085", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W40/06", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B1/40", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W40/06", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04M1/003", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W88/085", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 65808189