PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-11221677-B2
Application Number: US-202016882150-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Pencil haptics

Abstract:
According to some embodiments, an accessory device for interacting with an electronic device having a touch sensitive surface, is described. The accessory device can include a housing having walls suitable for carrying a processor capable of providing instructions and an interface unit extending through an opening at a distal end of the housing, where the interface unit is capable of interacting with the touch sensitive surface. The accessory device can further include a sensor in communication with the processor and the interface unit, where the sensor is capable of (i) detecting a stimulus generated by the interaction between the interface unit and the touch sensitive surface, and (ii) responding by providing a feedback parameter to the processor that responds by providing a feedback instruction. The accessory device can further include a feedback component that responds to the feedback instruction by transmitting a feedback force to the walls of the housing.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An electronic stylus for interacting with a touch screen panel carried by an electronic device, the electronic stylus comprising:
 a housing having walls that carry operational components, the operational components including:
 a processor capable of providing instructions, 
 a brush, disposed at a distal end of the housing, having bristles that are capable of an amount and a direction of elastic bending in accordance with a force applied to the thereto and that include: (i) conductive tips arranged to capacitively couple with the touch screen panel when in physical contact thereof, and (ii) internal conductors coupled to the conductive tips arranged to carry a contact signal having a contact parameter corresponding to capacitive coupling of an associated bristle that is characteristic of the amount and the direction of the elastic bending, 
 a sensor in communication with the internal conductors and the processor, wherein the sensor is capable of (i) receiving the contact signal (ii) using a change in the contact parameter to determine a change in capacitance corresponding to a change in the amount and direction of the elastic bending of the bristles and (iii) providing the change in capacitance to the processor, that the processor uses to generate a feedback instruction that includes a weighted amount of the contact parameter and a weighted amount of a feedback preference, and 
 an acoustic feedback component that receives the feedback instruction from the processor, and responds by generating acoustic feedback that is based on the weighted amount of the contact parameter and the weighted amount of the feedback preference, wherein the acoustic feedback component generates an amount of the acoustic feedback that corresponds to the change in capacitance and the elastic bending. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The electronic stylus of  claim 1 , wherein the acoustic feedback component is comprised of an electro-active substrate, a magnetic resonant actuator, a linear resonant actuator, an eccentric rotating mass, a voice coil, or a piezoelectric element. 
     
     
       3. The electronic stylus of  claim 1 , wherein the amount of the acoustic feedback is based on a speed and direction, relative to the touch screen panel, of the conductive tips in physical contact with the touch screen panel. 
     
     
       4. The electronic stylus of  claim 3 , wherein the change in capacitance is associated with a change in acceleration of the conductive tips relative to the touch screen panel, and the amount of the acoustic feedback is based on the change in acceleration. 
     
     
       5. The electronic stylus of  claim 1 , wherein the contact parameter for each conductive tip in physical contact with the touch screen panel includes at least one of an angle, an orientation, a force, a speed or an acceleration relative to the touch screen panel. 
     
     
       6. The electronic stylus of  claim 1 , wherein the contact parameter includes at least one of an angle, an orientation, a force, a speed, and an acceleration relative to the touch screen panel. 
     
     
       7. The electronic stylus of  claim 1 , wherein the operational components further include: a wireless transceiver unit, in communication with the processor, that the processor uses to forward the feedback instruction to the electronic device so that the processor controls an image viewable at the touch screen panel in accordance with characteristics of the physical contact. 
     
     
       8. The electronic stylus of  claim 7 , wherein the wireless transceiver unit is capable of receiving a feedback parameter from the electronic device. 
     
     
       9. An accessory device for interacting with a touch screen panel of an electronic device, the accessory device comprising:
 a housing having walls capable of carrying operational components, the operational components including:
 an interface unit extending through an opening at a distal end of the housing and including a brush having bristles each with a conductive tip, the bristles capable of elastic bending and carrying an electrical signal from the conductive tips in physical contact with the touch screen panel, 
 a sensor in communication with the interface unit, wherein, in response to the conductive tips capacitively coupling with the touch screen panel, the sensor is capable of (i) detecting a change in capacitive coupling corresponding to a change in direction and orientation of the conductive tips in physical contact with and capacitively coupled to the touch screen panel and (ii) generating a contact parameter that includes at least one of an angle, an orientation, a force, a speed and an acceleration, relative to the touch screen panel of the conductive tips in physical contact with and capacitively coupled with the touch screen panel, 
 a processor in communication with the sensor, wherein, in response to the processor receiving the contact parameter from the sensor, the processor generates feedback instructions that includes a weighted amount of the contact parameter and a weighted amount of a feedback preference, 
 an acoustic feedback component in communication with the processor, wherein the acoustic feedback component is capable of generating an amount of acoustic feedback that is based on the weighted amount of the contact parameter and the weighted amount of the feedback preference, wherein the acoustic feedback component includes at least one of an electro-active substrate, a magnetic resonant actuator, a linear resonant actuator, an eccentric rotating mass, a voice coil, or a piezoelectric element, and 
 a wireless transceiver unit, in communication with the processor, that the processor uses to forward the feedback instruction to the electronic device so that the processor controls an image viewable at the touch screen panel in accordance with the contact parameter. 
 
 
     
     
       10. The accessory device of  claim 9 , wherein the interface unit comprises an acoustic deadening material that includes at least one of plastic, rubber, or an elastomer. 
     
     
       11. The accessory device of  claim 9 , wherein the weighted amount of the contact parameter is different from the weighted amount of the feedback preference. 
     
     
       12. An accessory device used with an electronic device having a touch screen panel, the accessory device having a housing that carries:
 a transceiver capable of wireless communication with the electronic device, 
 a brush, disposed at a distal end of the housing, having bristles that are capable of an amount and a direction of elastic bending in accordance with a force applied thereto and that include: (i) conductive tips arranged to capacitively couple with the touch screen panel when in physical contact thereof, and (ii) internal conductors coupled to the conductive tips arranged to carry a contact signal having a contact parameter corresponding to capacitive coupling of an associated bristle that is characteristic of the amount and the direction of the elastic bending, 
 a processor in communication with the transceiver, and an acoustic feedback component, 
 a sensor in communication with the internal conductors and the processor, wherein the sensor is capable of (i) receiving the contact signal, (ii) using a change in the contact parameter to determine a change in capacitance corresponding to a change in the amount and direction of the elastic bending of the bristles and (iii) providing the change in capacitance to the processor, wherein the processor: (i) generates a feedback instruction that includes a weighted amount of the contact parameter and a weighted amount of a feedback preference, and (ii) uses the transceiver to wirelessly send a signal to the electronic device for rendering of an image presented at the touch screen panel in accordance with the contact parameter and the acoustic feedback component, wherein the acoustic feedback component generates an amount of the acoustic feedback that corresponds to the change in capacitance and the elastic bending. 
 
     
     
       13. The accessory of  claim 12 , wherein the acoustic feedback component is comprised of an electro-active substrate, a magnetic resonant actuator, a linear resonant actuator, an eccentric rotating mass, a voice coil, or a piezoelectric element. 
     
     
       14. The accessory of  claim 12 , wherein the sensor is capable of detecting a change in capacitance associated with the conductive tips engaging with the touch screen panel, and an amount of the acoustic feedback is based on the change in capacitance. 
     
     
       15. The accessory device of  claim 12 , wherein the bristles have varying lengths.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/593,240, filed May 11, 2017, entitled “PENCIL HAPTICS,” issued Jul. 28, 2020 as U.S. Pat. No. 10,725,544, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/385,881, filed Sep. 9, 2016, entitled “APPLE PENCIL HAPTICS,” the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety for all purposes. 
     This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/592,029, filed May 10, 2017, entitled “STIFFNESS RENDERING FOR A PENCIL,” issued Apr. 23, 2019 as U.S. Pat. No. 10,268,288, by Wang et al., U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/593,225, filed May 11, 2017, entitled “ACOUSTICS TO MATCH PENCIL/STYLUS INPUT,” by Wang et al., and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/593,219, filed May 11, 2017, entitled “STYLUS WITH MULTIPLE INPUTS,” issued Apr. 23, 2019 as U.S. Pat. No. 10,268,273, by Sundaram et al., the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety for all purposes. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     The described embodiments relate to a touch sensitive device having a feedback component. More specifically, the feedback component is a haptic feedback component that is capable of generating a haptic feedback response in conjunction with contact between an interface unit of the touch sensitive device and an electronic device. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Electronic devices can include touch screen displays that provide an immersive multimedia user experience. However, despite advancements made in display technology that renders graphical images generated by such touch screen displays more accurate and more responsive to user input, an element of interaction with the user remains missing. Accordingly, there is a need to enhance the user&#39;s experience by generating a haptic feedback response during the user&#39;s interaction with such touch screen displays. 
     SUMMARY 
     This paper describes various embodiments related to a touch sensitive device having a feedback component. More specifically, the feedback component is a haptic feedback component that is capable of generating a haptic feedback response in conjunction with contact between an interface unit of the touch sensitive device and an electronic device. 
     According to some embodiments, an accessory device for interacting with an electronic device having a touch sensitive surface, is described. The accessory device can include a housing having walls suitable for carrying operational components, where the operational components can include a processor capable of providing instructions and an interface unit extending through an opening at a distal end of the housing, where the interface unit is capable of interacting with the touch sensitive surface. The operational components can further include a sensor in communication with the processor and the interface unit, where the sensor is capable of (i) detecting a stimulus generated by the interaction between the interface unit and the touch sensitive surface, and (ii) responding by providing a feedback parameter to the processor that responds by providing a feedback instruction. The operational components can further include a feedback component in communication with the processor, where the feedback component responds to the feedback instruction by transmitting a feedback force to the walls of the housing. 
     According to some embodiments, an electronic pencil for use with an electronic device having a display assembly, the display assembly including a touch sensitive surface, is described. The electronic pencil can include a housing having walls capable of carrying components, where the components can include a processor capable of providing instructions, where the processor can be coupled to an input component extending from an opening at a distal end of the housing and a sensor in communication with the input component, where the sensor is capable of (i) detecting a change in orientation of the input component when the input component engages with the touch sensitive surface, and (ii) responding by providing a detection signal to the processor. The components can further include a feedback component coupled to a rotational mechanism, where the processor responds to the detection signal by instructing (i) the rotational mechanism to rotate the feedback component according to an altered position based on the detected change in orientation, and (ii) the feedback component to transmit a feedback force to the walls of the housing while in the altered position. 
     According to some embodiments, a method for generating feedback at an accessory device that includes a housing, a sensor carried by walls of the housing, a feedback component that provides a feedback force, and a processor in communication with the sensor and the feedback component, is described. The method can include in response to detecting, by the sensor, a stimulus caused by an interaction between an interface unit of the accessory device and a touch sensitive portion of an electronic device: receiving, by the processor, a detection signal from the sensor, and instructing, by the processor, the feedback component to generate an amount of feedback force that is in accordance with the stimulus. 
     The described embodiments may be better understood by reference to the following description and the accompanying drawings. Additionally, advantages of the described embodiments may be better understood by reference to the following description and accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The disclosure will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like structural elements, and in which: 
         FIG. 1  illustrates a perspective view of a system for generating haptic feedback and audible feedback, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 2A-2D  illustrate cross-sectional views of touch sensitive devices that include an axial haptic feedback component, in accordance with various embodiments. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates an exemplary diagram of using a touch sensitive device in conjunction with an electronic device, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 4A-4B  illustrate views of a piezoelectric element, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 5A-5D  illustrate views of a piezoelectric element that can be implemented in the axial haptic feedback component, in accordance with various embodiments. 
         FIGS. 6A-6B  illustrate perspective views of a haptic feedback component that can be implemented in the touch sensitive device, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 7A-7B  illustrate perspective views of a haptic feedback component that can be implemented in the touch sensitive device, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 8A-8E  illustrate cross-sectional views of the haptic feedback component that can be implemented in the touch sensitive device, in accordance with various embodiments. 
         FIG. 9  illustrates a perspective view of a touch sensitive device that can generate haptic feedback, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 10A-10G  illustrate perspective views of a touch sensitive device that includes a cantilever haptic feedback component, in accordance with various embodiments. 
         FIGS. 11A-11B  illustrate cross-sectional views of a touch sensitive device that includes a cantilever haptic feedback component, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 12  illustrates a perspective view of a cantilever haptic feedback component, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 13A-13C  illustrate cross-sectional views of a touch sensitive device, in accordance with various embodiments. 
         FIG. 14  illustrates a method for generating haptic feedback by a touch sensitive device, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 15  illustrates a method for generating haptic feedback by a touch sensitive device, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 16  illustrates a method for constructing a touch sensitive device that includes a haptic feedback component, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 17  illustrates a timing diagram of an actuation mode of the haptic feedback component, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 18  illustrates a block diagram of different components of a system that is configured to provide audible feedback, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 19  illustrates a perspective view of a touch sensitive device that includes an audible feedback component, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 20  illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary list of audible feedback preferences associated with an application, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 21A-21B  illustrate a sequence diagram for selecting an audible feedback parameter, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 22A  illustrates a method for generating a sound effect by the touch sensitive device, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 22B  illustrates a method for generating a sound effect by the touch sensitive device, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 22C  illustrates a method for generating a sound effect by the touch sensitive device, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 22D  illustrates a method for generating a sound effect by the touch sensitive device that attenuates an acoustic event that is detected, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 23A  illustrates a method for generating a sound effect by the electronic device, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 23B  illustrates a method for generating a sound effect by the electronic device, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 24  illustrates a block diagram of an electronic device that can be used to implement the various components described herein, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 25  illustrates a perspective view of a system for generating feedback characteristics by a touch sensitive device, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 26  illustrates a block diagram of a touch sensitive device, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 27A-27F  illustrate perspective views of strands that can be included in the touch sensitive device, in accordance with various embodiments. 
         FIGS. 28A-28B  illustrate perspective views of the touch sensitive device in contact with the electronic device, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 29A-29B  illustrate a cross-sectional view and a top view of a strand of the touch sensitive device, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 30A-30B  illustrate a cross-sectional view and a top view of a strand of the touch sensitive device, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 31A-31B  illustrate a cross-sectional view and a top view of a strand of the touch sensitive device, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 32A-32B  illustrate a cross-sectional view and a top view of a strand of the touch sensitive device, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 33  illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary list of contact feedback preferences associated with an application, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 34A-34B  illustrate a sequence diagram for selecting a contact feedback preference, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 35A  illustrates a method for generating a contact feedback characteristic by the touch sensitive device, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 35B  illustrates a method for generating a contact feedback characteristic by the electronic device, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 36  illustrates a method for constructing a touch sensitive device, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 37  illustrates a block diagram of an electronic device that can be used to implement the various components described herein, in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     Those skilled in the art will appreciate and understand that, according to common practice, various features of the drawings discussed below are not necessarily drawn to scale, and that dimensions of various features and elements of the drawings may be expanded or reduced to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention described herein. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The following disclosure describes various embodiments of a touch sensitive device including a haptic feedback component. Certain details are set forth in the following description and figures to provide a thorough understanding of various embodiments of the present technology. Moreover, various features, structures, and/or characteristics of the present technology can be combined in other suitable structures and environments. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, operations, and/or systems are not shown or described in detail in the following disclosure to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the description of the various embodiments of the technology. Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize, however, that the present technology can be practiced without one or more of the details set forth herein, or with other structures, methods, components, and so forth. 
     Conventional electronic devices include touch screen displays that generate graphical images based on user input implemented by an electronic stylus. Generally, conventional electronic styluses are devoid of feedback components for stimulating the user&#39;s senses. Indeed, implementing feedback components within the electronic stylus may be advantageous in that for example, during use, the electronic stylus is generally closer in physical proximity to the user than the touch screen display. Thus, any feedback that can be generated by the electronic stylus is more apt to be perceived by the user. Therefore, there is a need for electronic styluses to include feedback components for generating haptic feedback that is responsive to the user&#39;s input with the touch screen display. The techniques and components described herein involve an electronic stylus capable of detecting an amount of contact that is made with a touch screen panel and generating a haptic feedback response that is based on the amount of contact. Such techniques and components may be advantageous to graphical artists drawing with an electronic stylus, where the accuracy and representation of graphical images generated by the touch screen display can be highly dependent upon the haptic feedback perceived by the user. 
     One of the components described herein is a “audible feedback component” which is interchangeably used with the term “acoustic feedback component”, and refers to generating audible feedback or acoustic feedback in response to contact that is made between an interface unit of a touch sensitive device and an electronic device. 
     As used herein, the term “haptic feedback” can refer to simulating a sensation of touch by applying force, vibrations, or motions that can be perceived by the nerves within the user&#39;s appendages. As described herein, haptic feedback can involve the transformation, displacement, oscillation, vibration, or modification of a body of material (e.g., substrate) from an initial configuration to a modified configuration in order to provide feedback that can be perceived by a user. In some embodiments, the haptic feedback perceived by the user is caused by force being exerted by a haptic feedback component against a housing of the electronic device. The haptic feedback can simulate a sensation of touch at a user&#39;s nerves present in the user&#39;s appendages (e.g., fingers, hand, palm, toes, etc.) as well as other body parts (e.g., lips, nose, etc.). 
     As used herein, the term “touch sensitive device” can refer to an instrument that is capable of inputting a request or command to a surface of an electronic device. The surface can include a display, screen, or panel that is pressure-sensitive or has touch screen capabilities. The surface of the electronic device can detect different input commands or requests according to an amount of pressure that is applied against the surface, the amount of strain that is applied against the surface, an angle of the input command, velocity of the input command, acceleration of the input command, and the like. The term “touch sensitive” can refer to adjusting the input command or request based on the type of touch that is input to the screen. 
     According to some embodiments, an accessory device for interacting with an electronic device having a touch sensitive surface, is described. The accessory device can include a housing having walls suitable for carrying operational components, where the operational components can include a processor capable of providing instructions and an interface unit extending through an opening at a distal end of the housing, where the interface unit is capable of interacting with the touch sensitive surface. The operational components can further include a sensor in communication with the processor and the interface unit, where the sensor is capable of (i) detecting a stimulus generated by the interaction between the interface unit and the touch sensitive surface, and (ii) responding by providing a feedback parameter to the processor that responds by providing a feedback instruction. The operational components can further include a feedback component in communication with the processor, where the feedback component responds to the feedback instruction by transmitting a feedback force to the walls of the housing. 
     The various embodiments set forth herein are provided to generate an amount of audible feedback in accordance with interaction between an interface unit of the touch sensitive device and another electronic device. Exemplary electronic devices that can include the audible feedback component can include, but are not limited to, portable electronic devices, styluses, smartphones, smartwatches, consumer devices, wearable electronic devices, tablet computers, laptops, computing devices, and the like, such as those manufactured by Apple Inc., based in Cupertino, Calif. 
     The foregoing provides various electronic devices capable of providing audible feedback. A more detailed discussion of these electronic devices is set forth below and described with reference to  FIGS. 1-37 , which illustrate detailed diagrams of devices and components that can be used to implement these techniques and features. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a perspective view of a system  100  for generating haptic feedback and audible feedback by a touch sensitive device  110  in conjunction with contact between the touch sensitive device  110  and an electronic device  150 . The touch sensitive device  110  is configured to be physically manipulated by a user to contact the touch screen panel  152 . In some examples, the touch screen panel  152  can be referred to as a surface, a panel, a display. The touch screen panel  152  can also be referred to as pressure-sensitive. In some examples, the touch sensitive device  110  can refer to a stylus or pencil, such as the Apple Pencil® manufactured by Apple Inc. As described herein, haptic feedback can refer to stimulation of nerves within a user&#39;s fingers. Haptic feedback can simulate a sensation of touch by applying force, vibrations, or motions that can be perceived by the user. The touch sensitive device  110  includes one or more haptic feedback components  140  that are configured to generate electrostatic signals that can penetrate a housing of the touch sensitive device  110  to stimulate the nerves of the user&#39;s fingers. In some embodiments, the haptic feedback component  140  utilizes a piezoelectric element to induce the haptic feedback. In some embodiments, the terms piezoelectric element, actuator, and piezoelectric actuator can be used interchangeably in the embodiments described herein. 
     The haptic feedback component  140  is configured to generate different types of haptic feedback based on mechanical input between the touch sensitive device  110  and the touch screen panel  152 . In some embodiments, the haptic feedback component  140  is configured to impart haptic feedback in a plurality of different directions/dimensions. For example, the haptic feedback component  140  can be configured to simulate the physical sensation of moving a paintbrush across a canvas that is displayed by the touch screen panel  152 . In another example, the haptic feedback component  140  can be configured to simulate a difference between a wet paintbrush and a dry paintbrush that is displayed on the touch screen panel  152 . In another example, the haptic feedback component  140  can increase oscillation of a mass in order to simulate moving a paintbrush across a rough surface (e.g., wood) that is displayed by the touch screen panel  152 . In another example, the haptic feedback component  140  can be configured to simulate the effect of a pencil rubbing against an edge of a piece of paper. Notably, the haptic feedback component  140  can be configured to independently generate different types of haptic feedback without requiring haptic feedback instructions from the electronic device  150 . Although in some embodiments, haptic feedback generated by the haptic feedback component  140  can be based on a haptic feedback parameter that is generated by the electronic device  150 . 
     As described herein, a sound effect is generated by the audible feedback component  190  (e.g., speaker) in conjunction with contact between the touch sensitive device  110  and the touch screen panel  152 . In some examples, the audible feedback refers to a sound effect that can be perceived within the human hearing range (e.g., 20 Hz to about 20 kHz). In some embodiments, the sound effect can be generated by an audible feedback component  190 , where the sound effect is based on an audible feedback parameter provided by the electronic device  150 . The electronic device  150  can represent, for example, a portable computer, a tablet, a smartphone, or other electronic device with a touch screen display. 
       FIGS. 2A-2D  illustrate a touch sensitive device  200  including an axial haptic feedback component  240 , in accordance with various embodiments.  FIG. 2A  illustrates a cross-sectional view of a touch sensitive device  200  that includes an axial haptic feedback component  240  in an internal cavity  208 , in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, the axial haptic feedback component  240  can include a bimorph actuator. As shown in  FIG. 2A , the touch sensitive device  200  includes a conductive tip  210  that is positioned at a distal end of the touch sensitive device  200 . In some embodiments, the conductive tip  210  refers to a point that is configured to physically contact the touch screen panel  152  of the electronic device  150 . In some embodiments, the conductive tip  210  can be referred to as a distal interface unit or an interface unit. In some embodiments, the distal interface unit  210  extends through an opening of a distal end of the elongated housing  202 . Although  FIG. 2A  shows that the conductive tip  210  is substantially pointed in order to provide precise mechanical input to the touch screen panel  152  of the electronic device  150 , the conductive tip  210  can correspond to any number of shapes, including round, blunt, and the like. 
     In some embodiments, the conductive tip  210  can be configured to form an electrically conductive pathway with electrodes of conductive sensors of the touch screen panel  152 . In such a configuration, the conductive tip  210  can be formed of material having electrically conductive properties, such as copper, aluminum, and the like. The conductive tip  210  is coupled to an elongated housing  202  or extended through an opening of an elongated housing  202  of the touch sensitive device  200  having walls. In some embodiments, the elongated housing  202  can be formed of material characterized as being an electrical insulating material, such as rubber, plastic, synthetic polymers, and the like. In this manner, the conductive tip  210  can be electrically isolated from the elongated housing  202  of the touch sensitive device  200  to prevent the user&#39;s fingers from acting as a ground for the conductive tip  210 . In other words, the elongated housing  202  can be formed of a material that is different from the conductive tip  210 . 
     In some embodiments, the conductive tip  210  can be fixedly coupled to a retaining member (not illustrated) of the elongated housing  202 . In this configuration, when pressure is applied against the conductive tip  210 , the conductive tip  210  does not move in response to the applied pressure. In some embodiments, the conductive tip  210  is moveable relative to the retaining member (not illustrated) of the elongated housing  202 . In this instance, when pressure is applied against the conductive tip  210 , the conductive tip  210  is configured to move in a direction that corresponds to the direction of the applied pressure. 
     In some embodiments, the elongated housing  202  includes a conductive electrode  212  that is electrically coupled to the conductive tip  210 . The conductive electrode  212  can be electrically coupled to a capacitive sensor  214  that is configured to detect a change in capacitance between the conductive tip  210  and the electrodes of the conductive sensors of the touch screen panel  152 . The conductive electrode  212  is configured to detect a mechanical input (e.g., physical contact) that is applied by the conductive tip  210  against the touch screen panel  152  by generating an electrical current that corresponds to the amount of the mechanical input. In conjunction with the mechanical input between the conductive tip  210  and the touch screen panel  152 , the conductive electrode  212  is configured to detect for changes in capacitance. Subsequently, the conductive electrode  212  transmits an electrical current that corresponds to the capacitive change to the capacitive sensor  214 . The capacitive sensor  214  is configured to convert the electrical current into an electrical signal that is proportional to the amount of the electric current. In some examples, the electrical signal can refer to an alternating current (A/C) or a direct current (D/C) signal. Subsequently, the electrical signal can be transmitted to a controller  230 . The controller  230  can be configured to generate a contact parameter based upon the electrical signal. 
     Although  FIG. 2A  illustrates that the touch sensitive device  200  includes a single conductive electrode  212 , the touch sensitive device  200  can include a plurality of conductive electrodes  212  to increase the number of electrical signals and the types of electrical signals that are received by the controller  230  during a given time. For example, a touch sensitive device  200  that includes a plurality of conductive electrodes  212  that are each electrically coupled to the controller  230  via a dedicated wire or line (not illustrated) can cause the touch sensitive device  200  to receive multiple capacitive change measurements. 
     In some embodiments, the touch sensitive device  200  includes a power supply  260  that is configured to supply energy to the controller  230  and to the axial haptic feedback component  240 . In some examples, the power supply  260  is a rechargeable battery that is electrically coupled to a charging port  262 . In some embodiments, the axial haptic feedback component  240  includes a coil element or spring  220 , a piezoelectric element  222 , and a mass  250 . In conjunction with receiving an electrical signal from the capacitive sensor  214 , the controller  230  includes a control logic component that is configured to generate a haptic feedback parameter. The haptic feedback parameter can specify an amount of input voltage to be provided to the piezoelectric element  222  from the power supply  260 . The amount of input voltage that is generated by the power supply  260  can be proportional to the electric current that is detected by the capacitive sensor  214 . The amount by which the piezoelectric element  222 , spring  220 , and the mass  250  are displaced by the input voltage can be proportional to the amount of input voltage. 
     In other embodiments, the axial haptic feedback component  240  can be configured to generate haptic feedback even in the absence of a power supply  260  or a power supply  260  that is non-functional. In one example, a user shaking the touch sensitive device  200  with sufficient force can cause the mass  250  and spring  220  to mechanically displace resulting in haptic feedback that is perceived by the user. In another example, the mass  250  and spring  220  can be configured to mechanically displace in the absence of an input voltage that is received from the power supply  260 . 
     In some embodiments, the mass  250  can amplify the displacement of the piezoelectric element  222 . In some examples, the mass  250  is comprised of tungsten or steel. Details of the axial haptic feedback component  240  are described in more detail with reference to  FIGS. 8A-8B . As shown in  FIG. 2A , the piezoelectric element  222 , spring  220 , and the mass  250  are configured to (1) extend in at least one of an axial direction (d 1 ) or (2) contract in an axial direction (d 2 ) in conjunction with an actuation mode. 
     In some embodiments, the capacitive sensor  214  can be configured to determine an approximate location along the elongated housing  202  where the moment of the mass  250  is localized. In some examples, the capacitive sensor  214  can determine where the user&#39;s fingers are positioned so that the capacitive sensor  214  can direct the mass  250  towards the position of the user&#39;s fingers such as by causing a rotation of the mass  250  via a rotating mechanism or by actuating a servo motor or piezo motor to actuate the mass  250  in the direction of the position of the user&#39;s fingers. 
     Although  FIG. 2A  shows that the axial haptic feedback component  240  utilizes a spring  220  to facilitate displacement of the mass  250 , other embodiments of the axial haptic feedback component  240  can utilize a liquid to displace the mass  250 . For example, the liquid can be a gel, ferrous liquid, and the like. In some embodiments, the spring  220  can refer to a magnetic spring. 
     In some embodiments, the elongated housing  202  can be comprised of material to simulate a skin shearing effect. The skin shearing effect can refer to a mechanical force that acts upon an area of the skin in a direction parallel to the body&#39;s surface. The amount of the skin shearing effect that is perceived by the user can correspond to (1) an amount of pressure exerted, (2) the coefficient of friction of the material of the elongate body  202 , and (3) the extent to which the user&#39;s fingers make contact with the elongated housing  202 . In response to the axial haptic feedback component  240  displacing the mass  250 , areas of the elongated housing  202  that are adjacent to the mass  250  can be configured to bend, elongate, or extend. For example, material at these areas of the elongated housing  202  can be configured to extend in an axial direction to correspond with axial displacement of the mass  250 . In some examples, the elongated housing  202  can be made of material that facilitate stretch, such as a shape-memory alloy. 
     Furthermore, the elongated housing  202  can be characterized as having a different type of texture than the conductive tip  210  in order to simulate the skin shearing effect. For example, the elongated housing  202  can have a textured surface such as ridges or grooves that are formed along an outer surface of the elongated housing  202 . 
     In some embodiments, the touch sensitive device  200  includes a power supply  260 . In some examples, the power supply  260  is a rechargeable battery such as a lithium-ion battery (Li-on), nickel metal hydride (NiMH) battery, and the like. Notably, the piezoelectric element  222  of the axial haptic feedback component  240  consumes a small amount of energy, e.g., about 1 milliwatts. 
       FIG. 2B  illustrates a cross-sectional view of a touch sensitive device  200  that includes a plurality of axial haptic feedback components  240   a ,  240   b  that are stacked in a serial configuration in internal cavity  208 , in accordance with some embodiments. As shown in  FIG. 2B , axial haptic feedback component  240   a  is positioned closer towards the distal end (i.e., conductive tip  210 ) of the touch sensitive device  200 , while the axial haptic feedback component  240   b  is positioned closer towards the proximal end (e.g., by the power supply  260 ) of the touch sensitive device  200 . By providing multiple axial haptic feedback components  240   a ,  240   b , the touch sensitive device  200  is configured to simultaneously provide different types of haptic feedback associated with multiple directionalities. In this manner, the amount of haptic feedback perceived by the user is magnified. Additionally, including a plurality of axial haptic feedback components  240   a ,  240   b  within the touch sensitive device  200  can ensure that regardless of wherever the user&#39;s fingers are positioned along the elongated housing  202  that the user will perceive some amount of haptic feedback. 
     As shown in  FIG. 2B , each axial haptic feedback component  240   a ,  240   b  includes a piezoelectric element  222 , a spring  220 , and a mass  250 . The piezoelectric element  222 , spring  220 , and mass  250  are configured to extend in at least one of an axial direction (d 1 ) or contract in an axial direction (d 2 ). 
       FIG. 2C  illustrates a cross-sectional view of a touch sensitive device  200  that includes a plurality of axial haptic feedback components  240   a ,  240   b  that are each aligned parallel to each other in internal cavity  208 , in accordance with some embodiments. As shown in  FIG. 2C , each of the piezoelectric elements  222 , spring  220 , and the mass  250  of the axial haptic feedback components  240   a ,  240   b  are configured to extend in at least one of an axial direction (d 1 ) or contract in an axial direction (d 2 ). In this manner, the user can perceive an increased amount of localized haptic feedback along the periphery of the elongated housing  202 .  FIGS. 8D-8E  illustrate an exemplary cross-sectional view of the axial haptic feedback components  240   a ,  240   b  that are aligned side-by-side. 
     The touch sensitive device  200  of  FIGS. 2A-2C  can include any number of axial haptic feedback components  240 , and can be arranged in any suitable order or manner and can be modified according to any of the embodiments described herein. 
       FIG. 2D  illustrates a perspective view of a touch sensitive device  200  that includes an axial haptic feedback component  240  within an internal cavity  208 , in accordance with some embodiments. The touch sensitive device  200  can refer to a portable electronic device, such as an iPhone® manufactured by Apple Inc. Unlike the various embodiments of the touch sensitive device  200  that involves generating haptic feedback by the touch sensitive device  200  based on contact between the touch sensitive device  200  and the electronic device  150 , the embodiment of the touch sensitive device  200  as shown in  FIG. 21 ) includes a touch screen panel  252  that includes capacitance sensors that are configured to detect changes in capacitance. Based upon the detected changes in capacitance, the axial haptic feedback component  240  can generate haptic feedback that can be perceived by the user. In some embodiments, the axial haptic feedback component  240  is coupled to a rotating mechanism  280  that is configured to rotate the axial haptic feedback component  240  along an angular direction (θ) within the touch sensitive device  200 . 
       FIG. 3  illustrates an exemplary diagram of using a touch sensitive device  300  in conjunction with the electronic device  150 , in accordance with some embodiments as shown in  FIG. 1 .  FIG. 3  illustrates that when the conductive tip  310  of the touch sensitive device  300  makes contact with the touch screen panel  152  of the electronic device  150 , the conductive electrode  312  of the touch sensitive device  300  is configured to detect a change in capacitance that corresponds to a motion parameter. The motion parameter can also be referred to as a contact parameter. A contact parameter can be derived by the controller  230  from the change in capacitance, where the contact parameter can refer to at least one of a distance (D 1 ) traveled by the conductive tip  310 , acceleration (A 1 ) of the conductive tip  310 , velocity (V 1 ) of the conductive tip  310 , force (F 1 ) applied by the conductive tip  310  against the touch screen panel  152 , and an angle (θ 1 ) between the conductive tip  310  and the touch screen panel  152 .  FIG. 3  illustrates an exemplary diagram during Time  1  (t 1 ) of the conductive tip  310  of the touch sensitive device  300  in contact with the touch screen panel  152  of the electronic device  150 . In conjunction with the contact, the conductive electrode  312  is configured to determine a capacitive change in electrical current that corresponds to an amount of distance (D 1 ) traveled by the conductive tip  310  between a starting time (t 0 ) and t 1 , in accordance with one example. The conductive electrode  312  can be configured to monitor an amount of distance traveled by the conductive tip  310  by tracking a change in a first position corresponding to t 0  and a second position corresponding to t 1 . The conductive electrode  312  can be configured to generate an electrical current in conjunction with the capacitive change. Accordingly, the electrical current can be transmitted to the capacitive sensor  214  to be converted to an electrical signal that indicates the capacitive change. 
       FIG. 3  further shows that the conductive electrode  312  can determine a change in capacitance that corresponds to an amount of force (F 1 ) that is exerted by the conductive tip  310  against the touch screen panel  152 . Additionally, the conductive electrode  312  can be configured to utilize the change in capacitance to determine whether the conductive tip  310  makes contact with the touch screen panel  152  to create an electrical pathway, when the conductive tip  310  changes position on the touch screen panel  152 , and when the conductive tip  310  breaks contact from the touch screen panel  152  to sever the electrical pathway. 
     In some embodiments, based upon the detected change in capacitance, the haptic feedback component  140  can be configured to generate haptic feedback that resembles resistance that opposites the direction, force, or moment of the mass  250  of the touch sensitive device  110 . For example, the controller  230  can be configured to execute instructions to cause the haptic feedback component  140  to oppose the direction, distance, or force of the touch sensitive device  110 . In one example, the controller  230  can cause the controller  230  to activate the haptic feedback component  140 , a servo motor, or a piezo motor to cause the mass  250  to oscillate in a direction that opposes the direction, distance, or force of the touch sensitive device  110  if the controller  230  has received instructions to cause the touch sensitive device  110  to simulate the sensation that it is a weighted device. In some examples, the controller  230  can receive instructions from the electronic device  150  that can cause the controller  230  to exaggerate the amount of haptic feedback generated if the touch sensitive device  110  is to simulate the perception that the touch sensitive device  110  is a heavy, wood paint brush in contrast to a light, plastic pencil. In this manner, the controller  230  can artificially increase the opposing moment imparted by the mass  250  of the touch sensitive device  110  to compensate for the simulation that the touch sensitive device  110  is a variety of different writing objects. 
     In some examples, the haptic feedback component  140  can generate an increased amount of opposing moment when the controller  230  receives instructions from the electronic device  150  that the digital medium displayed by the electronic device  150  is wood in contrast to paper. For example, wood is characterized as having a larger coefficient of friction than paper. Thus, drawing on wood may be characteristically more difficult to draw on than paper. By utilizing the controller  230  to generate different amounts of haptic feedback based upon the type of medium to be drawn on, the touch sensitive device  110  can enhance the user&#39;s experience by providing an enhanced sense of realism. 
       FIGS. 4A-4B  illustrate views of a piezoelectric element  400  that corresponds to the piezoelectric element  222  of  FIGS. 2A-2D , in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG. 4A  illustrates a perspective view of the piezoelectric element  400  in conjunction with the non-actuation mode of the axial haptic feedback component  240  of  FIGS. 2A-2D . Each piezoelectric element  400  includes a piezoelectric disc  410 . In some embodiments, the piezoelectric element  400  includes piezoelectric discs  410  arranged in a stacked configuration as shown in  FIGS. 4A-4B . Each piezoelectric disc  410  can range in size, e.g., between about 0.5 millimeters to about 1 millimeters. By stacking the piezoelectric discs  410  in a stacked configuration, the displacement of the mass  250  can be amplified. Where a plurality of piezoelectric discs  410  are stacked together, an input voltage can be utilized to displace or push each individual piezoelectric disc  410  to ultimately push against the spring  220 . For example, a single axial haptic feedback component  240  that includes two piezoelectric discs  410  that can result in twice the displacement of the mass  250  as compared to a single axial haptic feedback component  240  that includes a single piezoelectric disc  410 . In this manner, increasing the displacement range of the mass  250  can increase the amount of haptic feedback that is sensed by the user. In some examples, each piezoelectric disc  410  can be configured to displace between e.g., about 10 micrometers to a maximum range of about 1 millimeter. 
     As shown in  FIG. 4A , a distal end or surface of the piezoelectric disc  410  is coupled to a force concentrator that is coupled to the spring  220 . The force concentrator can be configured to concentrate the amount of force generated by displacement of the piezoelectric element  400  towards the mass  250 . 
       FIG. 4A  illustrates that the piezoelectric disc  410  is substantially circular shaped. In this manner, the piezoelectric disc  410  can be more efficiently stacked into the internal cavity of the elongated housing  202 . Although the piezoelectric disc  410  is illustrated as having a substantially circular shape, the piezoelectric element  400  can also be characterized as having a rectangular, square, elliptical, or other regular or irregular shape. 
     In some embodiments, the piezoelectric disc  410  can be referred to as a unimorph actuator. For example, a unimorph piezoelectric disc  410  can be manufactured from an electrically active ceramic material and a non-electrically active (i.e., passive) substrate material. In some embodiments, the amount of mechanical force that is generated by the piezoelectric disc  410  is proportional to the cross-sectional area of the piezoelectric disc  410 . For example, where input voltage is constant, by increasing the cross-sectional area of the piezoelectric disc  410 , a larger amount of mechanical force can be generated. The piezoelectric disc  410  can be characterized according to a piezoelectric coefficient, which refers to the efficiency of the piezoelectric disc  410  in converting electrical energy into mechanical energy. 
       FIG. 4B  illustrates a cross-sectional view of a piezoelectric element  400  in conjunction with operation of the axial haptic feedback component  240  in the actuation mode, in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG. 4B  shows that in response to receiving the input voltage, the piezoelectric element  400  is configured to oscillate by contracting/expanding.  FIG. 4B  shows the length (D 2 ) of the expanded stack of piezoelectric elements  400  in conjunction with the actuated mode compared to the length (D 1 ) of the stack of piezoelectric elements  400  in conjunction with the non-actuated mode. 
     In some embodiments, the piezoelectric disc  410  is configured to contract in an axial direction (e.g., up/down) based upon a polarity of the input voltage. For example,  FIG. 4B  illustrates that a positive voltage that is applied to the piezoelectric element  400  causes the piezoelectric element  400  to displace in a first direction (e.g., up), while a negative voltage that is applied to the piezoelectric element  400  can cause the piezoelectric element  400  to displace in a second direction (e.g., down) that is opposite the first direction. 
       FIGS. 5A-5D  illustrate various embodiments of a piezoelectric element that can implemented in the axial haptic feedback component  240  described herein, in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG. 5A  illustrates a top view of a piezoelectric element  502  that includes a piezoelectric portion  510 , according to some embodiments. The piezoelectric portion  510  is arranged in a tri-foil configuration. In this tri-foil configuration, the piezoelectric element  500  is configured to generate greater amount of displacement of the mass  250  as compared to the concentric configuration of the piezoelectric element  400 , as shown in  FIGS. 4A-4B . 
       FIG. 5B  illustrates a top view of a piezoelectric element  504  that includes a piezoelectric portion  510  in a crescent configuration shape, according to some embodiments. In this crescent configuration, the piezoelectric element  500  is configured to generate greater displacement of the mass  250  as compared to the concentric configuration of the piezoelectric element  400 , as shown in  FIGS. 4A-4B . 
       FIG. 5C  illustrates a cross-sectional view of a piezoelectric element  506  that includes a plurality of flexible piezoelectric members  522   a - d  that are coupled to each other to form a spiral or accordion-like shape, according to some embodiments. Each flexible piezoelectric member  522   a - d  is foldable and flexible. In conjunction with receiving an input voltage and operating the axial haptic feedback component  240  in the actuation mode, each flexible piezoelectric member  522   a - d  is configured to further bend or unbend such that the piezoelectric element  500  is configured to fold (i.e., contract) or unfold (i.e., expand). A mass  550  is coupled to a surface of the flexible piezoelectric member  522   a  such that oscillation of the plurality of flexible piezoelectric members  522   a - d  causes the mass  550  to oscillate in a corresponding direction. 
       FIG. 5D  illustrates a perspective view of a piezoelectric element  508  that is characterized by a plurality of piezoelectric members  524   a ,  524   b , according to some embodiments. Each piezoelectric member  524   a ,  524   b  includes an internal eccentric mass (not illustrated). As shown in  FIG. 5D , each piezoelectric member  524   a ,  524   b  is substantially circular shaped. During the non-actuation mode (i.e., out-of-phase), the piezoelectric electric members  524   a ,  524   b  are aligned in opposing directions. Subsequently, during the actuation mode (i.e., in-phase), both the piezoelectric electric members  524   a ,  524   b  are aligned along substantially the same direction causing the eccentric mass to oscillate. 
       FIGS. 6A-6B  illustrate perspective views of an axial haptic feedback component  600  that can be implemented in the touch sensitive device  200 , as shown in  FIGS. 2A-2D .  FIG. 6A  illustrates an axial haptic feedback component  600  in conjunction with the non-actuation mode, while  FIG. 6B  illustrates the axial haptic feedback component  600  in conjunction with the actuation mode. As shown in  FIG. 6A , the haptic feedback component  600  includes an elongated housing  602  having an internal cavity  608 . The haptic feedback component  600  includes a first piezoelectric element  670   a  and a second piezoelectric element  670   b . A mass  630  is positioned between the first and second piezoelectric elements  670   a ,  670   b , where the mass  630  is coupled to the first and second piezoelectric elements  670   a ,  670   b  via coiled elements  620   a ,  620   b , respectively. The first piezoelectric element  670   a  includes a first dome element  672   a  and the second piezoelectric element  670   b  includes a second dome element  672   b . In some embodiments, each of the first and second dome elements  672   a ,  672   b  can be characterized as having a cone shape. 
       FIG. 6B  illustrates the actuation mode of the axial haptic feedback component  600 , in accordance with some embodiments. In response to receiving an input voltage, the first and second piezoelectric elements  670   a ,  670   b  displace in opposing directions. For example,  FIG. 6B  illustrates that the second dome element  672   b  extends so as to cause the coiled element  620   b  to also extend to displace the mass  630 , while the first dome element  672   a  contracts so as to cause the coiled element  620   a  to contract. Accordingly, the mass  630  oscillates in a substantially axial direction in response to the first and second piezoelectric elements  670   a ,  670   b  receiving the input voltage. 
       FIGS. 7A-7B  illustrate perspective views of a haptic feedback component  700  that can be implemented in the touch sensitive device  200 , as shown in  FIGS. 2A-2D .  FIG. 7A  illustrates the haptic feedback component  700  in conjunction with the non-actuation mode, while  FIG. 7B  illustrates the haptic feedback component  700  in conjunction with the actuation mode. As shown in  FIG. 7A , the haptic feedback component  700  includes a piezoelectric element  770  that is coupled to a substrate  784 , where the haptic feedback component  700  is included within an internal cavity  708  of an elongated housing  702  of the haptic feedback component  700 . In response to receiving an input voltage, the piezoelectric element  770  can be configured to expand in a substantially outward direction, whereupon the substrate  784  stretches as well. In some examples, the substrate  784  is made from flexible material that can stretch or recede in accordance with the oscillation of the piezoelectric element  770 . In some embodiments, the substrate  784  includes a plurality of contacts  786  that are positioned along a periphery of the substrate  784 . Each of the plurality of contacts  786  are a weighted mass that be comprised of tungsten or steel. 
     As shown in  FIG. 7B , in conjunction with the haptic feedback component  700  operating in the actuation mode, the piezoelectric element  770  is configured to expand in a substantially outward direction. In some embodiments, the substrate  784  of the haptic feedback component  700  is positioned adjacent to an inner surface of the elongated housing  702 . During the actuation mode, each of the plurality of contacts  786  can be configured to displace along direction (a) to contact the inner surface of the elongated housing  702  resulting in a tapping effect. In some examples, at least one of the duration of the tapping effect, the force generated by the tapping effect, or the speed associated with the tapping effect can be based upon the amplitude of the input voltage that is received. 
     In some embodiments, the piezoelectric element  770  is coupled to a rotating mechanism  750 . The rotating mechanism  750  is configured to impart moment along direction (θ) on the contacts  786  in a plurality of different directions. The rotating mechanism  750  is configured to cause the contacts  786  to displace according to a plurality of angles/directions/dimensions. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric element  770  is coupled to a servo motor or piezoelectric motor that is configured to displace the piezoelectric element  770  according to an axial direction (z). 
       FIGS. 8A-8E  illustrate cross-sectional views of various embodiments of the haptic feedback component that can be implemented in the touch sensitive device, in accordance with some embodiments.  FIGS. 8A-8B  illustrate cross-sectional views of the axial haptic feedback component  800  that can be implemented in the touch sensitive device  200 , as shown in  FIGS. 2A-2D .  FIG. 8A  illustrates the axial haptic feedback component  800  in conjunction with the non-actuation mode. The axial haptic feedback component  800  includes one or more piezoelectric discs  810  that are arranged in a stack. The stack of piezoelectric discs  810  are coupled to a force concentrator  818  that is coupled to a spring  820  and a mass  830 . The force concentrator  818  can be configured to concentrate the amount of force generated by the piezoelectric discs  810  towards the mass  830 . The stacked configuration can amplify the amount of the displacement of the mass  830  where all other factors (e.g., input voltage) remain constant. The piezoelectric discs  810  are configured to provide a displacement input for the mass  830 . Furthermore, coupling the mass  830  directly to the spring  820  can amplify the amount of displacement of the mass  830  when compared to directly mounting the mass  830  to a surface a piezoelectric disc  810 . In this manner, increasing the displacement range of the mass  830  can increase the amount of haptic feedback that is perceived by the user. Furthermore, the piezoelectric discs  810  can be preloaded. 
       FIG. 8B  shows the axial haptic feedback component  800  operating in the actuation mode. As shown in  FIG. 8B , in response to the stack of piezoelectric discs  810  receiving the input voltage, the stack of piezoelectric discs  810  are configured to oscillate. As a result, a sufficiently large piezoelectric coefficient is generated to produce a predetermined strain on the stack of piezoelectric discs  810 . 
       FIG. 8C  shows the axial haptic feedback component  800  of  FIGS. 8A-8B  in conjunction with the non-actuation mode, and the axial haptic feedback component  800  including a rotating mechanism  850 . A proximal end of a piezoelectric disc  810  is coupled to the rotating mechanism  850 . In some embodiments, the rotating mechanism  850  is configured to rotate in a substantially circular orientation relative to a neutral axis (N) of the axial haptic feedback component  800 . In some embodiments, the rotating mechanism  850  is configured to rotate in a bi-directional manner R 1  and R 2  (i.e., clockwise and counter-clockwise). As the rotating mechanism  850  is coupled to the piezoelectric disc  810 , the rotating mechanism  850  is configured to also cause the piezoelectric discs  810 , spring  820 , and mass  830  to rotate in an orientation similar to the rotating mechanism  850 . Moreover, the rotating mechanism  650  is configured to appropriately adjust the position of the piezoelectric elements  810 , spring  820 , and mass  830  in order to appropriately bias the mass  840 . In some embodiments, the rotating mechanism  850  is configured to actively change the momentum that is imparted to the mass  830 . In addition, the rotating mechanism  850  is configured to impart moment on the mass  830  in a plurality of different directions and the rotating mechanism  850  is configured to cause the mass  830  to displace according to a plurality of angles/directions/dimensions. 
       FIGS. 8D-8E  illustrates a cross-sectional view of a plurality of axial haptic feedback components  800  that are aligned parallel to each other and correspond to the touch sensitive device  200  of  FIG. 2C , in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG. 8D  shows a cross-sectional view of the plurality of axial haptic feedback components  800  in the non-actuation mode. As shown in  FIG. 8E , each of the piezoelectric discs  810 , spring  820 , and a first mass  830   a  and a second mass  830   b  of the axial haptic feedback components  800  are configured to extend in at least one of an axial direction or contract in an axial direction. 
       FIG. 9  illustrates a perspective view of a touch sensitive device  900  that can be implemented in the system  100 , as shown in  FIG. 1 .  FIG. 9  illustrates that the touch sensitive device  900  includes a cantilever haptic feedback component  916 . The touch sensitive device  900  includes a conductive tip  910  that is substantially pointed in order to provide precise mechanical input to the touch screen panel  152  of the electronic device  150 . The conductive tip  910  can correspond to any number of shapes, including round, blunt, and the like. In some embodiments, the conductive tip  910  can be configured to form a conductive pathway with electrodes of conductive sensors of the touch screen panel  152 . In such a configuration, the conductive tip  910  can be formed of material having electrically conductive properties, such as copper, aluminum, and the like. The conductive tip  910  is coupled to the elongated body  902  that has walls. In some embodiments, the elongated body  902  can be formed of material characterized as being an electrical insulating material, such as rubber, plastic, synthetic polymers, and the like. In this manner, the conductive tip  910  can be electrically isolated from the elongated body  902  of the touch sensitive device  900  to prevent the user&#39;s fingers from acting as a ground for the conductive tip  910 . 
       FIG. 9  illustrates that the touch sensitive device  900  includes an elongated body  902  that includes an interior cavity  908 . In some embodiments, the cantilever haptic feedback component  916  includes a rigid mount  920 , a piezoelectric flexible beam  940 , and a mass  950 . The mass  950  can include a first portion  942  and a second portion  944 . The amount by which the piezoelectric flexible beam  940  displaces can be proportional to an amount of input voltage that is received. In some embodiments, the mass  950  can amplify the displacement of the piezoelectric flexible beam  940 . In some examples, the piezoelectric flexible beam  940  can be configured to displace up to a maximum range of 4 millimeters. 
     In some embodiments, the touch sensitive device  900  includes a conductive electrode  912  that is electrically coupled to the conductive tip  910 . The conductive electrode  912  is electrically coupled to a capacitive sensor  914  that is configured to detect a change in capacitance in conjunction with contact between the conductive tip  910  and the electrodes of the conductive sensors of the touch screen panel  152 . The conductive electrode  912  is configured to detect a mechanical input (e.g., physical contact) that is applied by the conductive tip  910  against the touch screen panel  152  by generating an electrical current that corresponds to the amount of mechanical input. The conductive electrode  912  transmits the electrical current to a capacitive sensor  914 . The capacitive sensor  914  is configured to convert the electrical current into an electrical signal that is proportional to the amount of the electric current. In some examples, the electrical signal can refer to an alternating current (A/C) or a direct current (D/C) signal. Subsequently, the electrical signal can be transmitted to a controller  930 . The controller  930  can be configured to generate a contact parameter based upon the electrical signal. 
     Although  FIG. 9  illustrates that the touch sensitive device  900  includes a single conductive electrode  912 , the touch sensitive device  900  can include a plurality of conductive electrodes  912 . 
     In some embodiments, the elongated body  902  can be comprised of material to simulate a skin shearing effect. In response to displacement of the mass  950 , areas of the elongated body  902  that are adjacent to the cantilever haptic feedback component  916  can be comprised of material that can bend, elongate, or extend to coincide with the moment of the mass  950 . For example, if the mass  950  rotates in a pitch rotation, the contact between the mass  950  and an inner surface of the elongated body  902  can cause the material of the elongated body  902  to bend. 
     In some embodiments, the touch sensitive device  900  includes a power supply  960  that is configured to supply energy to the controller  930  and to the cantilever haptic feedback component  916 . In some examples, the power supply  960  is a rechargeable battery that is electrically coupled to a charging port  962 . In some embodiments, the controller  930  generates a haptic feedback parameter to specify an amount of input voltage to be generated from the power supply  960  and to be provided to the piezoelectric flexible beam  940 . The amount by which the piezoelectric flexible beam  940  and mass  950  are displaced by the input voltage can be proportional to the amount of input voltage that is provided. 
     In other embodiments, the cantilever haptic feedback component  916  can be configured to generate haptic feedback in the absence of a power supply  960 . In one example, shaking the touch sensitive device  900  with sufficient force can cause the mass  950  and the piezoelectric flexible beam  940  to mechanically displace resulting in haptic feedback that is perceived by the user. In another example, the mass  950  and the piezoelectric flexible beam  940  can mechanically displace in the absence of an input voltage. 
       FIGS. 10A-10G  illustrate perspective views of various embodiments of a touch sensitive device  1000  that includes a cantilever haptic feedback component  1010 , in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG. 10A  illustrates that the touch sensitive device  1000  includes a cantilever haptic feedback component  1010 . The cantilever haptic feedback component  1010  can be positioned along any position of the length of the elongated body  1002  that is sufficient to permit the cantilever haptic feedback component  1010  to provide localized feedback. 
       FIG. 10A  shows that the cantilever haptic feedback component  1010  includes a rigid mount  1020 , a piezoelectric flexible beam  1030 , and a mass  1040  that is coupled to a distal end of the piezoelectric flexible beam  1030 . The rigid mount  1020  securely fixes the proximal end of the cantilever haptic feedback component  1010  to the elongated body  1002  via a securing component  1022 . In some examples, the securing component  1022  securely couples the proximal end of the cantilever haptic feedback component  1010  to the wall(s) of the elongated body  1002 . In this manner, the cantilever haptic feedback component  1010  stays secured to the elongated body  1002  during usage of the touch sensitive device  1000 . 
       FIG. 10A  shows that a portion of a proximal end of the piezoelectric flexible beam  1030  extends through an opening in the rigid mount  1020  and can be coupled to the securing component  1022 . The rigid mount  1020  can be characterized as a cylindrical tube. In some embodiments, the proximal end of the piezoelectric flexible beam  1030  can be coupled to the securing component  1022 . In some embodiments, the proximal end of the piezoelectric flexible beam  1030  is mounted to an inner surface of the rigid mount  1020 . 
     Additionally, the piezoelectric flexible beam  1030  extends along the longitudinal length of the elongated body  1002 , in accordance with some embodiments. The piezoelectric flexible beam  1030  can be characterized as having a neutral axis (N) that extends longitudinally along the length of the elongated body  1002 . As shown in  FIG. 10A , the mass  1040  can include a first portion  1042  and a second portion  1044 . In some examples, the mass  1040  is tungsten or steel. The piezoelectric flexible beam  1030  is configured to pass between a lower surface of the first portion  1042  and an upper surface of the second portion  1044  so that the distal end of the piezoelectric flexible beam  1030  extends between the first portion  1042  and the second portion  1044 . In some embodiments, the piezoelectric flexible beam  1030  can be secured to the mass  1040 /rigid mount  1020  by use of an adhesive, screws, or other attachment means. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric flexible beam  1030  can be machined from the rigid mount  1020 . 
     In some embodiments, the piezoelectric flexible beam  1030  can refer to a bimorph piezoelectric cantilever beam. The term “bimorph” can refer to the piezoelectric flexible beam  1030  having two active layers. In some embodiments, the bimorph piezoelectric cantilever beam can include two active layers and a passive layer that is sandwiched between the two active layers. In response to receiving an electrical signal, a first active layer of the piezoelectric flexible beam  1030  expands while a second active layer of the piezoelectric flexible beam  1030  contracts, as described in more detail with reference to  FIG. 12 . 
     In other embodiments, the piezoelectric flexible beam  1030  can refer to a unimorph piezoelectric cantilever beam. The term “unimorph” can refer to the piezoelectric flexible beam  1030  having an active layer and a passive layer. 
       FIG. 10B  illustrates that the elongated body  1002  of the touch sensitive device  1000  that includes a cantilever haptic feedback component  1010  includes a rigid mount  1020 , a piezoelectric flexible beam  1030 , and a mass  1040  that is coupled to a distal end of the piezoelectric flexible beam  1030 . The cantilever haptic feedback component  1010  further includes a rotating mechanism  1050 . In some embodiments, a proximal end of the rigid mount  1020  is coupled to a distal end of the rotating mechanism  1050 . In some embodiments, the rotating mechanism  1050  is configured to rotate in a substantially circular orientation relative to a neutral axis (N) of the piezoelectric flexible beam  1030 . In some embodiments, the rotating mechanism  1050  is configured to rotate in a bi-directional manner (R 1 , R 2 ) (i.e., clockwise and counter-clockwise). As the rotating mechanism  1050  is coupled to the rigid mount  1020 , the rotating mechanism  1050  is configured to cause the piezoelectric flexible beam  1030  and the mass  1040  to rotate in an orientation that is similar to the orientation of the rotating mechanism  1050 . In this configuration, the rotating mechanism  1050  is configured to provide enhanced levels of feedback to a user while using the touch sensitive device  1000 . For example, if the touch sensitive device  1000  is manipulated according to at least one of the 6-degrees of freedom (DOF), including forward/back, up/down, left/right, pitch, yaw, or roll, the rotating mechanism  1050  is configured to adjust the position of the piezoelectric flexible beam  1030  and mass  1040  in order to bias the mass  1040  according to the changed position. In some embodiments, the rotating mechanism  1050  is configured to actively change the moment that is imparted to the mass  1040 . In addition, the rotating mechanism  1050  can impart moment on the mass  1040  in a plurality of different directions or dimensions. 
     In some embodiments, the mass  1040  is biased in a certain orientation/position within the interior cavity  1008  of the elongated body  1002  by nature of the cantilever design of the piezoelectric flexible beam  1030 . Accordingly, the rotating mechanism  1050  is configured to rotate the mass  1040  in order maintain the appropriate amount of bias by the mass  1040  regardless of the orientation of the touch sensitive device  1000 . The weight of the mass  1040  is actively biased by the rotating mechanism  1050  so that there are no unbalanced forces that are produced by the mass  1040 . In this manner, the rotating mechanism  1050  can shift the weight distribution produced by the mass  1040  to continually provide a balanced weight distribution. 
       FIG. 10C  illustrates the touch sensitive device  1000  includes a cantilever haptic feedback component  1010  that includes a tip electrode  1060 , in accordance with some embodiments. The tip electrode  1060  is coupled to a distal end of the mass  1040  via a shaft  1062 . By positioning the tip electrode  1060  at the distal end of the cantilever haptic feedback component  1010 , the tip electrode  1060  can provide supplemental detection of the orientation of the touch sensitive device  1000 . In some embodiments, the tip electrode  1060  can include a magnetic element and a position sensor (e.g., accelerometer, gyroscope) that is provided in the tip electrode  1060 . In some embodiments, the tip electrode  1060  can include the position sensor in order to determine the location and orientation of the mass  1040  relative to the elongated body  1002 . In some embodiments, the tip electrode  1060  can be configured to interact with the conductive electrode  1012  and the capacitive sensor  914  of the touch sensitive device  900  to provide supplemental feedback. 
       FIG. 10D  illustrates the touch sensitive device  1000  includes a cantilever haptic feedback component  1010 , in accordance with some embodiments. As shown in  FIG. 10D , the rigid mount  1020  of the cantilever haptic feedback component  1010  includes one or more piezoelectric elements  1070  that are positioned along an outer surface of the rigid mount  1020 . In contrast to the cantilever haptic feedback component  916  shown in  FIG. 9 , the cantilever haptic feedback component  1010  does not include a piezoelectric flexible beam  940 . Instead the cantilever haptic feedback component  1010  includes one or more piezoelectric elements  1070  that each include a mass  1072  coupled to the corresponding piezoelectric element  1070 . In some embodiments, apertures  1032  can be machined through the rigid mount  1020  to form openings that have a shape and size that corresponds to the one or more piezoelectric elements  1070 . In some examples, the rigid mount  1020  is formed from a single block of metal (e.g., aluminum). When the haptic feedback component  1010  receives an electrical signal, the one or more piezoelectric elements  1070  are configured to oscillate in an outward direction so that each of the one or more piezoelectric elements  1070  is configured to displace the mass  1072  in a direction that extends from an outer surface of the rigid mount  1020 . In this configuration, the haptic feedback component  1010  can provide localized haptic feedback. In some embodiments, the cantilever haptic feedback component  1010  is coupled to a rotating mechanism  1050 . 
       FIG. 10E  illustrates a cantilever haptic feedback component  1010  of a touch sensitive device  1000 , in accordance with some embodiments. As shown in  FIG. 10E , the cantilever haptic feedback component  1010  includes a mass  1040  that is coupled to a pivot  1024  via shaft  1026 , where the mass  1040  is configured to oscillate in an angular direction (θ) relative to the pivot  1024  that is coupled to an elongated body  902 . The mass  1040  includes a plurality of piezoelectric elements  1070   a - c  that can be arranged evenly about the periphery of the mass  1040 . In some embodiments, each individual piezoelectric element  1070   a ,  1070   b , or  1070   c  is configured to be independently actuated in response to receiving an electrical signal. For example, if only the piezoelectric element  1070   a  receives an electrical signal, then piezoelectric element  1070   a  actuates causing the mass  1040  adjacent to the piezoelectric element  1070   a  to displace. Accordingly, individual actuation of each of the piezoelectric elements  1070   a ,  1070   b , or  1070   c  can cause the mass  1040  to provide localized feedback. In addition, the pivot  1024  can impart moment on the mass  1040  in a plurality of different directions or dimensions. In some examples, the cantilever haptic feedback component  1010  is positioned adjacent to an inner surface of the elongated body  902  of the touch sensitive device  900  such that displacement of the one or more piezoelectric elements  1070   a - c  can cause the mass  1040  to contact the inner surface of the elongated body  902  resulting in a tapping effect. In some embodiments, the cantilever haptic feedback component  1010  can be characterized as a pendulum. 
       FIG. 10F  illustrates a cantilever haptic feedback component  1010  of a touch sensitive device  1000 , in accordance with some embodiments. As shown in  FIG. 10F , the cantilever haptic feedback component  1010  includes a mass  1040  that is coupled to a pivot  1024  via shaft  1026 . Along a surface of the shaft  1026  is one or more piezoelectric elements  1070 . In conjunction with receiving the electrical signal, the piezoelectric element  1070  is configured to cause the mass  1040  to oscillate in a side-to-side manner direction (θ) in accordance with the pivot  1024 . In addition, the pivot  1024  can impart moment on the mass  1040  in a plurality of different directions or dimensions. In some examples, the cantilever haptic feedback component  1010  is positioned sufficiently adjacent to an inner surface of the elongated body  902  of the touch sensitive device  900  such that displacement of the piezoelectric element  1070  can cause the mass  1040  to contact the inner surface of the elongated body  902  resulting in a tapping effect. In some examples, at least one of the duration of the tapping effect, the force generated by the tapping effect, or the speed associated with the tapping effect can be based upon the amplitude of the electrical signal that is received. 
       FIG. 10G  illustrates a cantilever haptic feedback component  1010  of a touch sensitive device  1000 , in accordance with some embodiments. As shown in  FIG. 10G , the cantilever haptic feedback component  1010  includes a mass  1040  that is coupled to an upper surface of a distal end of a shaft  1026 . The shaft  1026  includes one or more piezoelectric elements  1070  that are configured to cause the mass  1040  to oscillate relative to a pivot  1024  according to angular direction (θ). In some embodiments, the cantilever haptic feedback component  1010  can further include a rotating mechanism  1050  that is coupled to the pivot  1024 . In addition, the rotating mechanism  1050  is configured to impart moment on the mass  1040  in a plurality of different directions (z). In some examples, the cantilever haptic feedback component  1010  is positioned sufficiently adjacent to an inner surface of the elongated body  902  of the touch sensitive device  900  such that extension of the piezoelectric element  1070  can cause the mass  1040  to contact the inner surface of the elongated body  902  resulting in a tapping effect. 
       FIGS. 11A-11B  illustrate cross-sectional views of a touch sensitive device  1100  that corresponds to the touch sensitive device  1000 , as shown in  FIG. 10B .  FIG. 11A  illustrates a cross-sectional view of the touch sensitive device  1100  during a non-actuation mode. As shown in  FIG. 11A , the touch sensitive device  1100  includes a cantilever haptic feedback component  1110  and a mass  1140  that are positioned in a cavity  1108  of the touch sensitive device  1100 . As shown in  FIG. 11A , the piezoelectric flexible beam  1130  is positioned to align with the neutral axis (N) of the touch sensitive device  1100 . During the non-actuation mode, the axis (A) of the piezoelectric flexible beam  1130  is positioned to align with the neutral axis (N) of the elongated body  1102 . 
       FIG. 11B  illustrates a cross-sectional view of the touch sensitive device  1100  in conjunction with an actuation mode. As shown in  FIG. 11B , the piezoelectric flexible beam  1130  is angled from the neutral axis (N) of the elongated body  1102  so that the axis (A) of the piezoelectric flexible beam  1130  is no longer aligned with the neutral axis (N) of the elongated body  1102 . 
     Although  FIG. 11B  illustrates that the mass  1140  of the cantilever haptic feedback component  1110  is configured to displace in a substantially upwards direction (θ), the distal end of the piezoelectric flexible beam  1030  is configured to rotate in substantially 360° degrees to impart moment to the mass  1140  in a plurality of different directions or dimensions. 
     Furthermore,  FIG. 11B  illustrates that the piezoelectric flexible beam  1130  is coupled to the rigid mount  1120 . The rigid mount  1120  can be rotationally coupled to the rotating mechanism  1150  so that the rotating mechanism  1150  is configured to appropriately adjust the position of the piezoelectric flexible beam  1130  and the mass  1140  in order to bias the mass  1140 . For example, if the mass  1140  is displaced laterally, then the rotating mechanism  1150  is configured to rotate so that the piezoelectric flexible beam  1130  and the mass  1140  rotate in a similar direction. In this manner, the rotating mechanism  1150  can bias the mass  1140  to prevent the user from feeling an imbalance of weight within the elongated body  1102 . 
     In some embodiments, the piezoelectric flexible beam  1130  is configured to displace in a direction (e.g., up/down) based upon a polarity of the input voltage. 
       FIG. 12  illustrates a perspective view of a cantilever haptic feedback component  1200  that corresponds to the cantilever haptic feedback component  1010  of  FIG. 10B , in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG. 12  illustrates that the cantilever haptic feedback component  1200  includes a piezoelectric flexible beam  1230  that is configured to flex in accordance with the cantilever haptic feedback component  1210  operating in the actuation mode. As shown in  FIG. 12 , the cantilever haptic feedback component  1200  includes a piezoelectric flexible beam  1230  and a mass  1240 . In some embodiments, the piezoelectric flexible beam  1230  can refer to a bimorph piezoelectric cantilever beam. The term “bimorph” can refer to the piezoelectric flexible beam  1230  having a first active layer  1230   a  and a second active layer  1230   b . As shown in  FIG. 12 , a surface of the first active layer  1230   a  is coupled to a surface of the second active layer  1230   b . When the cantilever haptic feedback component  1200  receives an electrical signal, the first active layer  1230   a  of the piezoelectric flexible beam  1230  contracts while the second active layer  1230   b  expands which results in a bending motion by the piezoelectric flexible beam  1230  according to direction (θ). During the actuation mode, the axis (A) of the piezoelectric flexible beam  1230  is no longer aligned with the neutral axis (N) of the elongated body  1002 . In some examples, the first and second active layers  1230   a ,  1230   b  can be made from a piezoelectric-type material such as ceramic. 
     In some examples, the amount of deflection of the piezoelectric flexible beam  1230 /mass  1240  corresponds to at least one of the voltage, frequency, pulse, or current of the electrical signal that is received. For example, when the applied voltage at the cantilever haptic feedback component  1200  is 40 V, the amount of deflection is about 10 N. In contrast, when the applied voltage at the cantilever haptic feedback component  1200  is 80 V, the amount of deflection is about 20 N. 
       FIGS. 13A-13C  illustrate cross-sectional views of a touch sensitive device  1300 , in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG. 13A  illustrates a cross-sectional view of a touch sensitive device  1300  that includes an axial haptic feedback component  1340   a  and a cantilever haptic feedback component  1340   b . As shown in  FIG. 13A , the axial haptic feedback component  1340   a  can be positioned towards the distal end of the touch sensitive device  1300 , while the cantilever haptic feedback component  1340   b  can be positioned towards the proximal end of the touch sensitive device  1300 . In some examples, the user&#39;s fingers can act as a pivot to facilitate the rolling motion of displacement of the mass  950  of the cantilever haptic feedback component  1340   b.    
     By providing two different types of haptic feedback components  1340   a ,  1340   b , the touch sensitive device  1300  is configured to simultaneously provide haptic feedback associated with a variety of directionalities or degrees of freedom. In this manner, the amount of haptic feedback perceived by the user is magnified. The multiple haptic feedback components  1340   a ,  1340   b  of the touch sensitive device  1300  can be arranged in any suitable order or manner, and can be modified according to any of the embodiments described herein. For example,  FIG. 13A  illustrates that the axial haptic feedback component  1340   a  is configured to displace in an axial manner (z).  FIG. 13A  further illustrates that the cantilever haptic feedback component  1340   b  is configured to rotate along a roll direction (k).  FIG. 13A  further illustrates that at least one of the haptic feedback components  1340   a ,  1340   b  is configured to rotate along a yaw orientation (A). 
       FIG. 13B  illustrates a perspective view of a touch sensitive device  1300  that includes a cantilever haptic feedback component  1340  within an internal cavity, in accordance with some embodiments. The touch sensitive device  1300  can refer to a portable electronic device, such as an iPhone® manufactured by Apple Inc. Unlike the embodiment of the touch sensitive device  900  that involves generating haptic feedback via contact between the touch sensitive device  900  and the electronic device  150 , the embodiment of the touch sensitive device  1300  shown in  FIG. 13B  includes a touch screen panel  1352  that includes capacitance sensors that are configured to detect changes in capacitance. Based upon the detected changes in capacitance, the cantilever haptic feedback component  1340  can generate haptic feedback that can be perceived by the user. In some examples, the mass  1342  of the cantilever haptic feedback component  1340  is configured to oscillate according to a pitch direction (e). In some embodiments, the touch sensitive device  1300  includes a servo or piezo motor that is configured to displace the mass  1342  according to a substantially axial direction (z). In some embodiments, the cantilever haptic feedback component  1340  is coupled to a rotating mechanism  1350  that is configured to rotate the cantilever haptic feedback component  1340  in substantially 360° degrees along direction (A) to impart moment to the mass  1342  in a plurality of different directions or dimensions. 
     In some embodiments, the cantilever haptic feedback component  1340  can be positioned adjacent to the inner surface of the elongated body  1302  such that when the mass  1342  oscillates, the mass  1342  can contact an inner surface of the elongated body  1302  to produce a tapping sound effect. 
       FIG. 13C  illustrates a perspective view of a touch sensitive device  1300  that includes a cantilever haptic feedback component  1340  within an internal cavity, in accordance with some embodiments. The touch sensitive device  1300  can refer to a portable electronic device that can be worn around a user&#39;s wrist or other appendage, such as an Apple Watch® manufactured by Apple Inc Unlike the embodiment of the touch sensitive device  900  that generates haptic feedback via contact between the touch sensitive device  900  and the electronic device  150 , the embodiment of the touch sensitive device  1300  shown in  FIG. 13C  includes a touch screen panel  1352  that includes capacitance sensors that are configured to detect changes in capacitance. Based upon the detected changes in capacitance, the cantilever haptic feedback component  1340  can generate haptic feedback that can be perceived by the user. In some examples, the mass  1342  of the cantilever haptic feedback component  1340  is configured to rotate according to a pitch direction (θ). In some embodiments, the touch sensitive device  1300  includes a servo or piezo motor that is configured to displace the mass  1342  according to a substantially axial direction (z). In some embodiments, the cantilever haptic feedback component  1340  is coupled to a rotating mechanism  1350  that is configured to rotate the cantilever haptic feedback component  1340  in substantially 360° degrees along direction (A) to impart moment to the mass  1342  in a plurality of different directions or dimensions. In some embodiments, the cantilever haptic feedback component  1340  can be positioned adjacent to the inner surface of the elongated body  1302  such that when the mass  1342  oscillates along direction (θ), the mass  1342  can contact against the inner surface of the elongated body  1302  to produce a tapping effect. 
       FIG. 14  illustrates a method  1400  for generating haptic feedback by at least one of the axial haptic feedback component  240 , cantilever haptic feedback component  916 , or other type of haptic feedback component as described herein, according to some embodiments. As shown in  FIG. 14 , the method begins at step  1402 , where in conjunction with the conductive tip  210  of the touch sensitive device  200  coming into contact/changing the type of contact/separating from contact with the touch screen panel  152  of the electronic device  150 , the controller  230  of the touch sensitive device  200  receives an electrical signal that indicates a change in capacitance as detected by a capacitive sensor  214  of the touch sensitive device  200  as corresponds to a contact parameter. At step  1404 , the controller  230  generates a haptic feedback parameter based on the detected change in capacitance. At step  1406 , the controller  230  transmits the haptic feedback parameter to a haptic feedback component  240  so that the haptic feedback component  240  generates haptic feedback that corresponds to the haptic feedback parameter. 
       FIG. 15  illustrates a method  1500  for generating haptic feedback by the touch sensitive device  110 , in conjunction with contact between the touch sensitive device  110  and the touch screen panel  152  of the electronic device  150 . Although the method  1500  can be implemented according to at least the touch sensitive device  200 , the touch sensitive device  900 , and other embodiments described herein, the method  1500  is described with reference to the touch sensitive device  900 . In some embodiments, the method begins at step  1502 , where a controller  930  of the touch sensitive device receives an electrical signal that corresponds to a change in capacitance in accordance with the conductive tip  910  of the touch sensitive device  900  that generates haptic feedback by coming into contact/changing the type of contact/separating from contact with the touch screen panel  152  of the electronic device  150 . At step  1504 , the controller  930  generates a first haptic feedback parameter that is based upon the electrical signal that corresponds to the detected change in capacitance as corresponds to a contact parameter. At step  1506 , the controller  930  receives, from the electronic device  150 , a second haptic feedback parameter that is in accordance with the contact. In some embodiments, the electronic device  150  can generate the second haptic feedback parameter based upon a change in capacitance that is detected by a capacitive sensor associated with the touch screen panel  152 . At step  1508 , the controller  930  can combine a first electrical signal associated with the first haptic feedback parameter and a second electrical signal associated with the second haptic feedback parameter to generate a combined haptic feedback parameter. Subsequently, at step  1510 , the controller  930  can provide the combined haptic feedback parameter to a haptic feedback component  910  of the touch sensitive device  900  so that the haptic feedback component  910  generates the haptic feedback. 
       FIG. 16  illustrates a method  1600  for constructing a touch sensitive device  110  according to some of the embodiments described herein. Although the method  1600  can be implemented to form at least the touch sensitive device  200 , the touch sensitive device  900 , and other embodiments described herein, the method  1600  is described with reference to the touch sensitive device  200 . The method  1600  begins at step  1602  where a mass  250  is coupled to a piezoelectric element  222  to form at least an axial haptic feedback component  240 . In some embodiments, the piezoelectric element  222  is coupled to the mass  250  via a spring  220 . At step  1604 , the axial haptic feedback component  240  is electrically coupled to a sensor (e.g., capacitive sensor  214 ). At step  1606 , the capacitive sensor  214  and the axial haptic feedback component  240  are electrically coupled to the controller  230 . At step  1608 , the controller  230  is electrically coupled to a power supply  260 . At step  1610 , the axial haptic feedback component  240 , capacitive sensor  214 , and the controller  230  are included within an elongated housing  202  of the touch sensitive device  200 . The method  1600  can be arranged in any suitable order or manner, and can be modified according to any of the embodiments described herein. 
       FIG. 17  illustrates a timing diagram of an actuation mode of the haptic feedback component  140  as a function of time (milliseconds) and displacement of a mass (millimeters), in accordance with some embodiments. Although the timing diagram of  FIG. 17  can refer to operation of at least the axial haptic feedback component  240 , cantilever haptic feedback component  916 , or other haptic feedback components described herein, the timing diagram in  FIG. 17  is described with reference to the axial haptic feedback component  240 . 
     The actuation mode can also be described as an “in-phase” mode. In conjunction with the piezoelectric element  222  receiving the input voltage via a voltage cable (not illustrated), the piezoelectric element  222  can respond by resonating according to a predetermined frequency. In some examples, the resonance frequency is between e.g., about 300 Hz to about 700 Hz. Furthermore, the resonance frequency of the piezoelectric element  222  can be proportional to the input voltage. Resonation of the piezoelectric element  222  can cause the spring  220  and the mass  250  to oscillate in an axial direction along the longitudinal length of the elongated body  202 . In some examples, the resonation of the piezoelectric element  222  has a period of about 1 millisecond. In some examples, the pulse duty cycle of oscillation of the piezoelectric element  222  depends on an amplitude of the input voltage. Furthermore, oscillation of the piezoelectric element  222  can depend upon the polarity (e.g., positive/negative) of the input voltage. For example, a positive input voltage can cause the piezoelectric element  222  to expand, while a negative input voltage can cause the piezoelectric element  222  to contract. 
     As shown in  FIG. 17 , during the actuation mode, the oscillation of the axial haptic feedback component  240  is characterized as having a saw tooth formation. Furthermore, the amount of displacement by the mass  250  of the axial haptic feedback component  240  increases rapidly during a short period of time. In some embodiments, the actuation mode and non-actuation mode can be characterized as having a rapid rise and a rapid fall, respectively. In some embodiments, the cantilever haptic feedback component  916  can be characterized as having an even sharper rise/fall compared to the axial haptic feedback component  240 . As shown in  FIG. 17 , the mass  250  of the axial haptic feedback component  240  is configured to displace to a maximum range of about 8 mm after 5 milliseconds from the onset of the actuation mode. In some embodiments, the displacement of the mass  250  is amplified via the stacked configuration of the piezoelectric elements  400 , as shown in  FIG. 4A-4B . Subsequently, when the input voltage is no longer provided to the piezoelectric element  222 , the electrical pathway between the power supply  260  and the piezoelectric element  222  is severed such that the piezoelectric element  222  and the mass  250  are prevented from displacing any further. 
       FIG. 18  illustrates a block diagram of different components of a system  1800  that is configured to implement the various techniques described herein, such as generating audible feedback, according to some embodiments. More specifically,  FIG. 18  illustrates a high-level overview of the system  1800 , which includes an electronic device  1850  that can represent, for example, a portable computer, a tablet, a smartphone, or other electronic device with a touch screen display. According to some embodiments, the electronic device  1850  can be configured to execute (e.g., via an operating system installed on the electronic device  1850 ) various applications  1820 . In one example, the application  1820  can represent a graphic presentation program, such as Apple Keynote, produced by Apple Inc. In other examples, the application  1820  can represent a multimedia program, an illustrator program, a music player, a word processor, a web development program, and the like. As shown in  FIG. 18 , the application  1820  and the storage device  1840  can be configured to directly communicate with one another. In some embodiments, the storage device  1840  can include a data item  1860  managed by the application  1820 . In conjunction, the application  1820  can request the data item  1860  from the storage device  1840 . In one example, the data item  1860  refers to an audible feedback preference that can be selected by the user, as described in more detail with reference to  FIG. 20 . 
     As described in greater detail herein, the application  1820  can be configured to execute a graphics presentation program. In some embodiments, the application  1820  is configured to receive a graphical input from physical contact between the touch sensitive device  1810  and the electronic device  1850 . In some examples, the input can be provided by a user&#39;s finger(s), a stylus, or the touch sensitive device  1810  that corresponds to at least the touch sensitive device  110  of  FIG. 1  or other embodiments of the touch sensitive device as described herein. For example, the application  1820  can receive a graphical input in conjunction with the electronic device  1850  detecting a change in capacitance via the touch sensitive device  1810 . According to some embodiments, the electronic device  1850  includes a touch screen panel  152  that includes capacitive sensors, where each capacitive sensor includes electrodes. The electrodes of the capacitive sensors are configured to detect the capacitive input provided by the touch sensitive device  1810  and process different contact parameters of the capacitive input, including the speed of the input, the force of the input, the position of the input, the acceleration of the input, the angle of the input relative to the touch screen panel, and the like. The processor of the electronic device  1850  can process the different contact parameters detected by the capacitive sensors in conjunction with generating an audible feedback parameter. In some embodiments, the application  1820  can be configured to receive a user selection of audible feedback preferences. Subsequently, the processor of the electronic device  1850  is configured to generate an audible feedback parameter by combining an electrical signal associated with the different contact parameters with an electrical signal associated with the audible feedback preference, as described in greater detail with reference to  FIG. 19 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 18 , the electronic device is configured to communicate with the touch sensitive device  1810  via a network  1870 , where the network  1870  can represent at least one of a global network (e.g., the Internet), a wide area network, a local area network, a wireless personal area network (WPAN), and the like. In some examples, the network  1870  can represent a WPAN for transmitting data between the electronic device  1850  and the touch sensitive device  1810 . The WPAN network can represent Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15.1), ZigBee, Wireless USB, and the like. In some examples, the network can refer to Near-Field Communication (NFC). According to some embodiments, the electronic device  1850  can be configured to provide instructions to the touch sensitive device  1810  to enable an audible feedback component of the touch sensitive device  1810  to provide sound effects in conjunction with the capacitive signals. 
       FIG. 19  illustrates a perspective view of a touch sensitive device  1900  including an audible feedback component  1990 . In some embodiments, the audible feedback component  1990  can include at least one of piezoelectric element, electro-active substrate, magnetic resonant actuator, magnetic coil or linear resonant actuator. In some embodiments, the haptic feedback component can also be controlled to provide audible feedback. In this manner, the same feedback component can provide both haptic and audible feedback. By modifying the same feedback component to provide multiple types of feedback responses, the touch sensitive device  1900  can consume less power (relative to separate haptic and audible feedback components), requires fewer components within the cavity  1908  of the touch sensitive device  1900 , and can be more cost-effective to manufacture. 
     Although the touch sensitive device  1900  is shown as including a cantilever feedback component, the touch sensitive device  1900  can include at least one of the axial feedback component  210 , and other feedback components described herein. In some embodiments, the touch sensitive device  1900  does not include a haptic feedback component for generating haptic feedback. In some embodiments, the audible feedback component  1990  is configured to generate a sound effect in conjunction with receiving an audible feedback parameter from the electronic device  1850 . For example, the audible feedback parameter can refer to instructions that are provided to generate a scratching sound to simulate the sound effect of bristles of a paint brushes against a canvas as displayed by the touch screen panel  152 . In another example, the audible feedback parameter can refer to instructions to generate a rubbing sound effect to simulate erasing chalk on a chalkboard as displayed by the touch screen panel  152 . 
     In some embodiments, the touch sensitive device  1900  includes a wireless transceiver or communications unit  1940  to receive audible feedback parameter instructions from the electronic device  1850  via the wireless transceiver  1940  according to a variety of wireless communication protocols, including Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Wireless USB, NFC, and the like. 
     In some embodiments, the touch sensitive device  1900  includes a capacitive sensor  1914  for generating an audible feedback parameter without requiring interaction with the electronic device  1850 . For example, the capacitive sensor  1914  can be configured to detect a change in capacitance in response to the conductive tip  1910  being in contact with the touch screen panel  152  of the electronic device  1850 . In some embodiments, the conductive tip  1910  can be referred to as a distal interface unit or interface component. The conductive tip can include an electrode  1912  coupled to the capacitive sensor  1914 . The capacitive sensor  1914  is configured to generate an electrical signal that is associated with a contact parameter (e.g., force), and subsequently the capacitive sensor  1914  can transmit the contact parameter or movement property to a controller  1930 . The controller  1930  can be configured to convert the contact parameter or movement property to an audible feedback parameter based upon the contact parameter. For example, if the capacitive sensor  1914  detects a sudden deceleration of the conductive tip  1910  that is characterized by a high gravitational force, the controller  1930  can be configured to generate an audible feedback parameter to simulate the sound of a screeching sound akin to a car slamming its brakes. The audible feedback parameter can be provided to the audible feedback component  1990  to produce a sound effect. Notably, in this manner, the touch sensitive device  1900  can be configured to generate a sound effect independent of the electronic device  1850 . Although in some embodiments, the touch sensitive device  1900  can be configured to generate a sound effect by interacting with the electronic device  1850 . 
     In some embodiments, the touch sensitive device  1900  can be configured to generate the sound effect in coordination with the electronic device  1850 . The controller  1930  can generate a first audible feedback parameter based on a contact parameter, whereupon the first audible feedback parameter can be transmitted to the electronic device  1850  via the wireless transceiver  1940 . Subsequently, the processor of the electronic device  1850  can be configured to receive the first audible feedback parameter and combine the first audible feedback parameter provided by the touch sensitive device  1900  with a second audible feedback parameter generated by the electronic device  1850  to form a combined audible feedback parameter. 
     In some embodiments, the electronic device  1850  can generate a sound effect based on the combined audible feedback parameter. 
     In other embodiments, the combined audible feedback parameter can be transmitted to the touch sensitive device  1900  to generate a sound effect by the audible feedback component  1990 . For example, if the second audible feedback parameter generated by the electronic device  1850  refers to simulating a sound effect of chalk against a chalkboard, and the first audible feedback parameter provided by the touch sensitive device  1900  refers simulating a sound effect of a screeching sound, the controller  1930  can generate a combined audible feedback parameter characterized by a new sound effect such as the sound of the chalk snapping or breaking into pieces. 
     In some embodiments, the capacitive sensor  1914 , the controller  1930 , and the wireless transceiver  1940  can be electrically coupled via wires, buses, or data lines. 
     In some embodiments, the touch sensitive device  1900  includes a power supply  1960  that is configured to supply energy to the controller  1930 , wireless transceiver  1940 , and to the audible feedback component  1990 . In some examples, the power supply  1960  is a rechargeable battery. The housing can include a speaker  1994  for outputting the sound effect generated by the audible feedback component  1990 . 
     In some embodiments, the touch sensitive device  1900  can optionally include an audio detection component (e.g., microphone)  1992  that can be configured to measure ambient sound that is associated with the contact between the conductive tip  1910  of the touch sensitive device  1900  and the touch screen panel  152 . For example, the microphone  1992  can measure the amount of ambient sound associated with tapping the conductive tip  1910  against the touch screen panel  152 , pressing the conductive tip  1910  against the touch screen panel  152 , sliding the conductive tip  1910  against the touch screen panel  152 , and the like. The microphone  1992  can associate a waveform of the ambient sound with an initial digital signal. The controller  1930  can be configured to analyze the waveform of the ambient sound to generate an inverted digital signal (or phase shift digital signal). Subsequently, the inverted digital signal can be amplified, where the audible feedback component  1990  can be configured to generate a sound effect that is directly proportional to the amplitude of the waveform of the initial digital signal. 
     In some embodiments, the audible feedback component  1990  can be configured to perform noise-canceling of the ambient sound through a destructive interference process. In this manner, the touch sensitive device  1900  can be configured to minimize or eliminate the ambient sound associated with the physical input such that the sound effect based on the audible feedback parameter is more clearly perceived by the user. 
     In some embodiments, the vibrations generated by the audible feedback component  1990  can counteract the ambient sound that is generated by the touch sensitive device  1900  interacting with the touch screen panel  152 . In some examples, the controller  1930  can be capable of analyzing the waveform of the frequency of the ambient sound. Based on this waveform, the controller  1930  can cause the audible feedback component  1990  to oscillate at a predetermined resonant frequency that is proportional to the waveform so as to minimize, counteract, or eliminate the ambient sound. In this manner, the controller  1930  can be capable of dynamically adjusting the harmonic frequency output of the audible feedback component  1990  for purposes that can include generating sound effects so as to counteract the ambient sound. 
     In some embodiments, the conductive tip  1910  can be constructed of different types of materials that can facilitate in attenuating or counteracting the ambient sound generated by the interaction with the touch screen panel  152 . In some examples, the hardness or deformability of the conductive tip  1910  can be adjusted by manufacturing the conductive tip  1910  and/or housing  1902  from one or more types of sound-muffling materials. For example, although the conductive tip  1910  and/or housing  1902  can be comprised of plastics such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), or polystyrene (PS), additional materials such as rubber or elastomers (e.g., polybutadiene, isobutylene isoprene rubber, etc.) can be combined with the plastics or substituted for the hard plastics in order to minimize or deaden the ambient sound that is generated. 
     In some embodiments, the conductive tip  1910  can include a spring disposed in the conductive tip. Load generated by pressing the conductive tip  1910  against the touch screen panel  152  can cause the spring to compress, so as to absorb vibrations or pressure generated by the interaction. In some embodiments, the conductive tip  1910  can also flex in a predetermined manner, such as when sliding the conductive tip  1910  against the touch screen panel  152  so as to absorb vibrations generated by the interaction. 
     In some embodiments, the audible feedback component  1990  can refer to an electroactive substrate. In response to being stimulated by an electrical current transmitted by the power supply  1960 , the shape, size, or a physical characteristic of the electroactive substrate can altered. 
     In some embodiments, the audible feedback component  1990  can refer to a speaker having an actuator that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. 
     In some embodiments, the audible feedback component  1990  can refer to a voice coil that is configured to generate a sound pressure wave. The voice coil includes a magnetic coil element or wire that is attached to a loudspeaker cone. As an electrical current, transmitted by the power supply  1960 , is driven through the magnetic coil element, a magnetic field can be generated by the magnetic coil element. Subsequently, the magnetic field can cause a mass that is coupled to the permanent magnetic element to displace relative to the magnetic coil element. Displacement of the mass relative to the magnetic coil element can cause the voice coil to generate a sound pressure wave that corresponds to the electrical current that is driven to the magnetic coil element. 
     In some embodiments, where the audible feedback component  1990  refers to a voice coil, the audible feedback component  1990  can be configured to generate a plurality of different sound pressure waves having different frequencies that correspond to the changes in capacitance that are detected by the capacitive sensor  1914 . In some embodiments, the magnetic field that is generated by the magnetic coil element can affect at least one of a position, velocity, acceleration, momentum, or frequency of the displacement of the mass. In some embodiments, the power supply  1960  can be configured to adjust the type of electrical current (e.g., polarity, strength) that can affect the magnetic field generated by the magnetic coil element. In some embodiments, the sound effect generated by the voice coil can be based on the change in capacitance and an audible feedback preference that is selected in conjunction with use of the application  1820 , as described in further detail with reference to  FIGS. 21A-21B . For example, the controller  1930  can be configured to cause different sound pressure waves to be associated with different changes in capacitance and/or the audible feedback preference, whereupon the voice coil can generate sound pressure waves that correspond to the sound effect. 
     In some embodiments, the audible feedback component  1990  refers to a piezoelectric speaker that utilizes a piezoelectric effect to generate a sound effect. The piezoelectric speaker includes a piezoelectric element that can be configured to receive an input voltage. The piezoelectric element includes a metal disc that is coupled to a diaphragm. As the piezoelectric element receives an input voltage, the input voltage can cause the metal disc to displace relative to the diaphragm. Displacement of the metal disc relative to the diaphragm can cause the piezoelectric speaker to generate a sound pressure wave that corresponds to the input voltage provided to the piezoelectric element. 
     The piezoelectric speaker can be configured to generate a plurality of different sound pressure waves having different frequencies that correspond to the changes in capacitance that are detected by the capacitive sensor  1914 . In some embodiments, the power supply  1960  can adjust at least one voltage parameter that is provided to the piezoelectric disc. For example, the at least one voltage parameter can include amplitude, polarity, pulse width, duty cycle, and the like. By adjusting the at least one voltage parameter, the controller  1930  can be configured to cause different types of sound effects to be generated by the piezoelectric speaker. In some embodiments, the sound effect that is generated by the piezoelectric speaker can correspond to the change in capacitance that is detected. In some embodiments, the sound effect generated by the piezoelectric speaker can be based on the change in capacitance and an audible feedback preference that is selected in conjunction with use of the application  1820 , as described in further detail with reference to  FIGS. 21A-21B . For example, the controller  1930  can be configured to cause different sound effects to be associated with different changes in capacitance and/or the audible feedback preference, whereupon the piezoelectric speaker can generate sound pressure waves that correspond to the sound effect. 
     In some embodiments, the audible feedback component  1990  can refer to an eccentric rotating mass vibration component. The eccentric rotating mass vibration component can include a motor that includes an offset (asymmetric) mass that is coupled to a shaft of the motor. The eccentric rotating mass vibration component can receive an input voltage from the power supply  1960  that causes the motor to rotate, whereupon the mass also rotates to generate centripetal force. Since the centripetal force generated by the offset mass is also asymmetric, the centripetal force can displace the motor. Repeated displacement of the motor can cause vibrations that can be translated from the audible feedback component  1990  to the housing  1902  of the touch sensitive device  1900 . In this manner, motion generated by the vibration of the motor can be perceived by the user. In addition, the controller  1930  can cause the motor to vibrate at a predetermined frequency. In some embodiments, the eccentric rotating mass vibration component can generate different sound pressure waves having different frequencies. For example, the controller  1930  can be configured to cause different sound effects to be associated with different changes in capacitance and/or the audible feedback preference, whereupon the eccentric rotating mass vibration component can generate sound pressure waves that correspond to the sound effect. 
     In some embodiments, the controller  1930  can cause the power supply  1960  to adjust at least one voltage parameter that is provided to the eccentric rotating mass vibration component. For example, the at least one voltage parameter can include amplitude, polarity, pulse width, duty cycle, and the like. By adjusting the at least one voltage parameter, the controller  1930  can be configured to adjust the moment of the displacement of the motor. 
     In some embodiments, the eccentric rotating mass vibration component can be configured to generate haptic feedback and audible feedback. In some examples, in conjunction with receiving an input voltage from the power supply  1960 , the eccentric rotating mass vibration component can generate haptic feedback as well as generate a sound effect via vibration of the motor. 
     In some embodiments, the audible feedback component  1990  can refer to a linear resonant actuator. The linear resonant actuator can include a mass (e.g., magnetic mass) that is coupled to a spring. The linear resonant actuator further includes a voice coil that can be fixed in place within the audible feedback component  1990 . The linear resonant actuator can receive an input voltage or control signal from the power supply  1960  to generate an oscillating force along a single axis. The input voltage drives the voice coil at a resonant frequency of the spring, thus causing the mass to oscillate at a predetermined manner. Repeated oscillation of the mass can cause vibrations that can be translated from the linear resonant actuator to the housing  1902  of the touch sensitive device  1900 . In this manner, motion generated by the vibration of the mass can be perceived by the user. In addition, the controller  1930  can cause the mass to vibrate at a predetermined resonant frequency. In some embodiments, the voice coil is driven at the resonant frequency of the spring. By driving the mass, which can be magnetic, relative to the spring, the linear resonant actuator is displaced so as to produce vibrations. Air is displaced by the vibrations of the linear resonant actuator, and the air can be displaced at different frequencies so as to produce different sound frequencies. For example, the controller  1930  can be configured to cause different sound effects to be associated with different changes in capacitance and/or the audible feedback preference. 
     In some embodiments, the audible feedback component  1990  can refer to a magnetic assembly having a magnetic coil element and a permanent magnetic element that is coupled to a mass (e.g., magnetic mass). As current is driven through the magnetic coil element, a magnetic field can be generated by the magnetic coil element. The magnetic field can cause the mass that is coupled to the permanent magnetic element to displace. Displacement of the mass can generate frictional sound and impact sound. In some examples, frictional sound can be generated in conjunction with rotating or displacing the mass within the magnetic coil element and causing friction to be generated between the mass and the magnetic coil element, whereupon a sound effect is generated via the friction. In some examples, impact sound can be generated in conjunction with rotating or displacing the mass within the magnetic coil element with sufficient force and/or moment so that the mass strikes against the magnetic coil element causing a tapping or impact sound via the friction. 
     The magnetic assembly can be configured to generate different types of sound pressure waves in accordance with the frictional sound and the impact sound. In some embodiments, the controller  1930  can be configured to adjust the type of electrical current (e.g., polarity, strength) provided by the power supply  1960  so as to affect the magnetic field generated by the magnetic coil element. In some embodiments, the magnetic assembly can generate a sound effect that is based on the change in capacitance. In some embodiments, the magnetic assembly can generate a sound effect that is based on the change in capacitance and an audible feedback preference that is selected in conjunction with use of the application  1820 , as described in further detail with reference to  FIGS. 21A-21B . For example, the controller  1930  can be configured to cause different sound effects to be associated with different changes in capacitance and/or the audible feedback preference, whereupon the magnetic assembly can generate sound pressure waves that correspond to the sound effect. 
     Additionally, in the various embodiments of the audible feedback component  1990  described, the controller  1930  can reduce the amount of power consumption at the power supply  1960  by taking advantage of the resonant frequency of the spring. For example, if the voice coil oscillates the mass against the spring at a rate that matches the spring&#39;s resonant frequency, then the audible feedback component  1990  can produce vibrations at a higher amplitude at a high efficiency. 
     In some examples, implementing the audible feedback component  1990  as a linear resonant actuator may be preferable over an eccentric rotating mass, in that oscillation of the linear resonant actuator can generate a precise waveform with a fixed resonant frequency, while oscillation of the eccentric rotating mass can produce a varying frequency of vibration. 
       FIG. 20  illustrates a system view of an exemplary list of audible feedback preferences associated with data items  1860  that can be executed by the application  1820 . The audible feedback preferences can be selected by a user. In some embodiments, the user can select one of several audible feedback preferences via the application  1820 . As shown in  FIG. 20 , the exemplary list of audible feedback preferences includes: “Acoustic Sound Type”  2010 , “Adjust Media Tool Thickness”  2020 , “Drawing Angle”  2030 , “Drawing Speed”  2040 , “Medium Material”  2050 , “Media Tool Type”  2060 , “Signature Artist Style”  2070 , “Force Adjust”  2080 , and “Adjust Weight  2090 ”. The processor is configured to generate a digital signal associated with the audible feedback preference. In some embodiments, the electronic device  1850  can transmit the audible feedback preference to the touch sensitive device  1900 . In some embodiments, the controller  1930  of the touch sensitive device  1900  can combine a digital signal associated with the audible feedback preference with a digital signal associated with a contact parameter (generated by the touch sensitive device  1900 ) into an audible feedback parameter, as described in more detail with reference to  FIGS. 21A-21B . Accordingly, the application  1820  can cause a specific sound to be associated with the specific type of audible feedback preference that is selected. In some embodiments, upon receiving a contact parameter, the electronic device  1850  or the touch sensitive device  1900  can associate the selected audible feedback preference with the contact parameter to generate an audible feedback parameter. 
     In some embodiments, the application  1820  provides a graphical user interface (GUI) that permits for the user to select the audible feedback preferences. Each audible feedback preference can be associated with a list of options, where each option is associated with a unique sound effect that can be paired with the contact parameter to generate an audible feedback parameter. 
     In one example, the user can select “Acoustic Sound Type”  2010 , whereupon the application  1820  provides a list of options for modifying: 1) the type of sound; 2) modifying the length of a sound; 3) adjusting at least one of a bass, treble, or mid-range of a sound; or 4) switching the sound on/off. 
     In one example, the user can select “Drawing Speed”  2040 , whereupon the application  1820  provides a list of options for generating various sounds that correspond to the drawing speed. For example, selection of the “Drawing Speed” can provide options for selecting a sound associated with the drawing speed, including: 1) slow; 2) medium; 3) fast; or 4) variable. In one example, a selection of a fast drawing speed can cause a sound effect to be generated that has a shorter frequency than the selection of a slow drawing speed. 
     In one example, a user can select “Medium Material”  2050 , whereupon the application  1820  provides a list of options for generating various sounds that corresponds to different medium materials. For example, selection of the “Medium Material” can provide options for selecting a sound associated with using various types of mediums, including: 1) cardboard; 2) chalkboard; 3) parchment paper; 4) porous paper; 5) printer paper; 6) wood; 7) metal; and 8) concrete. In one example, drawing on metal can generate a sound that is significantly different from drawing on a chalkboard. Thus, by associating the contact parameter with the audible feedback preference of a metal medium can generate an audible feedback parameter that simulates drawing on metal, where the audible feedback parameter can be output on the touch screen panel  1852 . 
     In one example, the user can select “Media Tool Type”  2060 , whereupon the application  1820  provides a list of options for generating various sounds that correspond to various media tools. For example, selection of the “Media Tool Type” can provide options for selecting a sound associated with using various types of medias, including: 1) charcoal; 2) felt tip; 3) marker; 4) pencil; and 5) paint. In one example, drawing with charcoal can generate a sound that is significantly different from drawing with paint. Thus, by associating the media tool type of paint with the sound of paint drops can generate an audible feedback parameter that combines the detected change in capacitance with the audible feedback preference selected, where the audible feedback parameter can be output on the touch screen panel  1852 . 
     In another example, the user can select “Force Adjust”  2080 , whereupon the user is provided with a list of options, including: 1) soft; 2) medium; or 3) hard. Each force adjustment option is associated with a different type of sound. In some embodiments, the “Force Adjust”  2080  option can be performed in conjunction with the capacitive sensor  1914  of the touch sensitive device  1900 . For example, the capacitive sensor  1914  can be configured to detect an amount of force that is applied against the touch screen panel  152 . Subsequently, a feedback characteristic that indicates the amount of force applied can be transmitted by the touch sensitive device  1900  to the electronic device  1850 , whereupon a processor of the electronic device  1850  can combine the audible feedback preference selected by the user with the feedback characteristic. For example, if the force detected by the capacitive sensor  1914  is strong, but the “pencil” media tool type  2060  and the “soft” force adjustment  2080  are selected, then the electronic device  150  can generate a sound effect that is more akin to a “soft” stroke of a pencil rather than a “hard” stroke of the pencil. 
     In some embodiments, since the controller  1930  of the touch sensitive device  1900  or processor (see e.g.,  2430 ) of the electronic device  2400  can be configured to combine the electrical signals associated with the audible feedback preference (AFP) with the electrical signals associated with the contact parameter (CP), the controller  1930  and/or processor  2430  can be configured to adjust the amount of weight for each set of electrical signals. In some embodiments, the application  1820  can provide an audible feedback preference that can be selected to allow a user to adjust between the ratio of the audible feedback preference to the contact parameter that corresponds to the detected change in capacitance. For example, a user may want to place more weight on the audible feedback preference by assigning the AFP with a higher weighted value than the contact parameter. The ratio between AFP and CP can have a ratio ranging between 1:0 to 0:1. To adjust the weight between AFP and CP, the user can select the “Adjust Weight Between CP and AFP”  2090  to cause the application  1820  to adjust the amount of weight that the controller  1930 /processor  2430  is configured to assign to the AFP and to the CP. For example, the application  1820  can assign a ratio 1:9 to assign more weight to the audible feedback preference. In another example, the application  1820  can adjust the ratio to 5:5 to assign an equal amount of weight to the audible feedback preference and the contact parameter. 
     In some embodiments, the processor can transmit the adjusted ratio to the controller  1930  of the touch sensitive device  1900  to cause the controller  1930  to adjust the amount of weight assigned to the AFP and to the CP, as described with reference to  FIGS. 22-23 . 
     In some examples, each of the audible feedback preferences shown in  FIG. 20  can be stored in the storage device  1840 . In some examples, the application  1820  can rely upon machine-learning algorithm to learn a user&#39;s preferences and adjust a default preference to align more similarly to the user&#39;s preference so that the settings of each of the audible feedback preferences is adjusted to more closely correspond to a user&#39;s preferences. For example, if the application  1820  learns over time that the user selects the “Metal” selection of the “Medium Material”  2050 , but then modifies the settings of the specific sound associated with the “Metal” selection to more similarly correspond to brushed metal instead of a textured metal, then the application  1820  can dynamically apply the user settings to future selection of the “Metal” selection. 
       FIGS. 21A-21B  illustrate a sequence diagram  2100  for associating an audible feedback preference with an input associated with a contact parameter associated with contact between the touch sensitive device  1810  and the electronic device  1850 , as described above in conjunction with the block diagram of  FIG. 20 . In particular, a user interface  2110  of the application  1820  can be configured to receive a selection of an audible feedback preference. As shown in  FIG. 21A , an audible feedback preference menu  2112  is provided within the user interface  2110 . The user can browse through the various types of audible feedback preferences, such as “Drawing Speed”, “Medium Tool”, or “Signature Artist Style” displayed by the audible feedback preference menu  2112 . As shown in  FIG. 21A , the user interface  2110  includes a media item  2116  (e.g., a sketch). As shown in  FIG. 21A , an audible feedback preference  2130  labeled “Signature Artist Style” is selected by the user, which causes the application  1820  to generate a detailed window  2118  that illustrates the different types of artists associated with the “Signature Artist Style”, which is illustrated in  FIG. 21B . 
     As shown in  FIG. 21B , the detailed window  2118  displays the different types of artists associated with the “Signature Artist Style”. As shown in  FIG. 21B , “Jackson Pollock”  2132  is selected, which causes the application  1820  to associate the media item  2116  with the “Jackson Pollock” selection. For example, any subsequent input  2120  (e.g., additional drawn lines) to the media item  2116  in the user interface  2110  that is received by the application  1820  is associated with the “Jackson Pollock” selection. As an example, selection of the “Jackson Pollock” style can cause the subsequent input  2120  to the media item  2116  to simulate the sound effect of zero-friction that corresponds to dripping, drizzling, or pouring paint onto a canvas. This is in contrast to the “Claude Monet” style which can be attributed to a sound effect of repeatedly painting over previously applied strokes of paint so that there is more simulation of abrasion or friction between the paint brush and the canvas. 
     Additionally, any subsequent input to the media item  2116  is detected by the capacitive sensors of the touch screen panel  152  of the electronic device  1850  in order to form a contact parameter. Examples of the contact parameter include angle, orientation, force, speed, acceleration, and the like. In conjunction with generating an audible feedback parameter, a processor of the electronic device  1850  is configured to combine the contact parameter with the audible feedback preference. Because the electric signal generated by the capacitive sensor of the touch screen panel  152  can be an analog signal, the electronic device  1850  can optionally include an A/D converter that is configured to convert the analog signal into a digital signal. Accordingly, the processor of the electronic device  1850  is configured to combine the digital signal associated with the contact parameter and the digital signal associated with the audible feedback preference into an audible feedback parameter. In some examples, the ratio between the contact parameter and the audible feedback preference is 50:50. In other examples, the audible feedback parameter can include between about 0% contact parameter and 100% of the audible feedback preference to 100% contact parameter and 0% of the audible feedback preference. In some embodiments, the weight/ratio between the contact parameter and the audible feedback preference can be adjusted by the user. The processor of the electronic device  1850  is configured to generate the audible feedback parameter, whereupon the audible feedback parameter can be provided to an antenna in the form of an electronic signal. Subsequently, the antenna is configured to transmit the audible feedback parameter to the touch sensitive device  1900  so that the audible feedback parameter can be implemented as a sound effect by the audible feedback component  1990  of the touch sensitive device  1900 . For example, in association with the selection of the “Jackson Pollock” style, the sound effect generated by the audible feedback component  1990  can replicate the sound of dropping or drizzling paint onto a canvas. 
       FIG. 22A  illustrates a method  2200  for generating a sound effect by the touch sensitive device  1900  that includes the audible feedback component  1990 , according to some embodiments. As shown in  FIG. 22A , the method  2200  begins at step  2202 , where in conjunction with the conductive tip  1910  of the touch sensitive device  1900  coming into contact/changing the type of contact/separating from contact with the touch screen panel  152  of the electronic device  1850 , the touch sensitive device  1900  receives a first audible feedback parameter from the electronic device  1850 . The first audible feedback parameter can be received via a transceiver  1940  of the touch sensitive device  1900 . At step  2204 , the controller  1930  of the touch sensitive device  1900  receives an audible feedback preference from the electronic device  1850 . The audible feedback preference can be associated with the first audible feedback parameter. 
     At step  2206 , the controller  1930  of the touch sensitive device  1900  can generate a second audible feedback parameter in conjunction with the conductive tip  1910  of the touch sensitive device  1900  coming into contact/changing the type of contact/separating from contact with the touch screen panel  152  of the electronic device  1850 . 
     At step  2208 , the controller  1930  of the touch sensitive device  1900  can combine the electrical signals corresponding to the first and second audible feedback parameters with an electrical signal that corresponds to the audible feedback preference to generate a combined audible feedback parameter. 
     At step  2210 , the controller  1930  of the touch sensitive device  1900  can provide the combined audible feedback parameter to an audible feedback component  1990  of the touch sensitive device  1900  to generate a sound effect. 
       FIG. 22B  illustrates a method  2220  for generating a sound effect by the touch sensitive device  1900  that includes the audible feedback component  1990 , in accordance with some embodiments. As shown in  FIG. 22B , the method  2220  begins at step  2222 , where in conjunction with the conductive tip  1910  of the touch sensitive device  1900  coming into contact/changing the type of contact/separating from contact with the touch screen panel  152  of the electronic device  1850 , the controller  1930  receives an electrical signal that corresponds to a detected change in capacitance in conjunction with the contact. 
     At step  2224 , the controller  1930  of the touch sensitive device  1900  can generate an audible feedback parameter that is based on the detected change in capacitance. 
     At step  2226 , the controller  1930  can provide the audible feedback parameter to the audible feedback component  1990  of the touch sensitive device  1900  to generate a sound effect. 
       FIG. 23C  illustrates a method  2240  for generating a sound effect by the touch sensitive device  1900  that includes the audible feedback component  1990 , in accordance with some embodiments. As shown in  FIG. 23C , the method  2240  begins at step  2242 , where in conjunction with the conductive tip  1910  of the touch sensitive device  1900  coming into contact/changing the type of contact/separating from contact with the touch screen panel  152  of the electronic device  1850 , the controller  1930  receives an electrical signal that corresponds to a detected change in capacitance in conjunction with the contact. 
     At step  2244 , the controller  1930  receives a selection of an audible feedback preference that is generated by the electronic device  1850 . In some embodiments, the audible feedback preference can be associated with the electrical signal that corresponds to the change in capacitance. The audible feedback preference can be at least one of selected by the user or selected by the application  1820 . 
     At step  2246 , the controller  1930  can generate an audible feedback parameter that is based on the detected change in capacitance and the selected audible feedback preference. 
     At step  2248 , the controller  1930  can transmit the audible feedback parameter to an audible feedback component  1990  to cause a sound effect to be generated. 
       FIG. 22D  illustrates a method  2250  for generating acoustic feedback by the touch sensitive device  1900  for attenuating or canceling the presence of an acoustic event, according to some embodiments. 
     At step  2252 , the controller  1930  receives a feedback signal from the acoustic detection component  1992  that is associated with the acoustic detection component  1992  detecting the presence of an acoustic event caused by the touch sensitive device  1900  coming into contact/changing the type of contact/separating from contact with the touch screen panel  152  of the electronic device  1850 . The acoustic detection component  1992  can determine acoustic properties associated with the acoustic event, such as frequency, wavelength, amplitude, sound decibels, origination and direction of the acoustic event, and the like at step  2254 . The acoustic properties can be included in the feedback signal that is provided to the controller. 
     At step  2256 , the controller  1930  can generate an audible feedback parameter that is based on the detected acoustic properties of the presence of the acoustic event. In some embodiments, the audible feedback parameter can additionally be based on the audible feedback preference selected by the user. 
     At step  2258 , the controller  1930  can transmit the audible feedback parameter as instructions to an audible feedback component  1990  to cause a sound effect to be generated. In contrast to some of the other embodiments described, the sound effect that is generated purposefully attenuates or minimizes the presence of the acoustic event. In some embodiments, the sound effect can achieve noise cancellation of the acoustic event. 
       FIG. 23A  illustrates a method  2300  for generating an audible feedback parameter by the electronic device  1850 . As shown in  FIG. 23A , the method begins at step  2302 , where in conjunction with the conductive tip  1910  of the touch sensitive device  1900  coming into contact/changing the type of contact/separating from contact with the touch screen panel  152  of the electronic device  1850 , a capacitive sensor of the touch screen panel  152  detects a change in capacitance (e.g., change in voltage). At step  2304 , the processor can determine a contact parameter based upon the detected change in capacitance. The contact parameter can be derived by the controller  1930  from the change in capacitance, where the contact parameter can refer to at least one of a distance (D 1 ) traveled by the conductive tip  310 , acceleration (A 1 ) of the conductive tip  1910 , velocity (V 1 ) of the conductive tip  1910 , force (F 1 ) applied by the conductive tip  1910  against the touch screen panel  152 , and an angle (θ 1 ) between the conductive tip  1910  and the touch screen panel  152 . 
     At step  2306 , the processor (see e.g., ref.  2430  of  FIG. 24 ) of the electronic device  1850  receives a selection of an audible feedback preference in conjunction with the application  1820  receiving a selection of the audible feedback preference. Subsequently, at step  2308 , the processor can generate an audible feedback parameter that combines the electrical signal associated with the selection of the audible feedback preference and the electrical signal associated with the contact parameter. The audible feedback parameter can be subsequently transmitted to the touch sensitive device  1900  via an antenna (see e.g., ref.  2470  of  FIG. 24 ) at step  2310 . 
       FIG. 23B  illustrates a method  2320  for generating an audible feedback parameter by the electronic device  1850 . As shown in  FIG. 23B , the method begins at step  2322 , where in conjunction with the conductive tip  1910  of the touch sensitive device  1900  coming into contact/changing the type of contact/separating from contact with the touch screen panel  152  of the electronic device  1850 , a capacitive sensor of the touch screen panel  152  detects a change in capacitance (e.g., change in voltage). At step  2324 , the processor can determine a contact parameter based upon the detected change in capacitance. The contact parameter can be derived by the controller  1930  from the change in capacitance, where the contact parameter can refer to at least one of a distance (D 1 ) traveled by the conductive tip  310 , acceleration (A 1 ) of the conductive tip  1910 , velocity (V 1 ) of the conductive tip  1910 , force (F 1 ) applied by the conductive tip  1910  against the touch screen panel  152 , and an angle (θ 1 ) between the conductive tip  1910  and the touch screen panel  152 . 
     At step  2326 , the processor (see e.g., ref.  2430  of  FIG. 24 ) of the electronic device  1850  receives a selection of an audible feedback preference in conjunction with the application  1820  receiving a selection of the audible feedback preference. Subsequently, at step  2328 , the processor can generate a first audible feedback parameter that combines the electrical signal associated with the selection of the audible feedback preference and the electrical signal associated with the contact parameter. Thereafter, at step  2330 , the processor can optionally receive a second audible feedback parameter that is generated by the touch sensitive device  1900  in accordance with the contact. In some embodiments, the second audible feedback parameter is generated independently by the touch sensitive device  1900  (i.e., without receiving instructions/electrical signals from the electronic device  1850 ). 
     At step  2332 , the processor can cause a sound effect to be generated by the audible feedback component (see e.g.,  2480  of  FIG. 4 ), where the sound effect is based on at least the first audible feedback parameter. In some examples, the sound effect is based on both the first audible feedback parameter and the second audible feedback parameter. In some embodiments, the sound effect can be generated based on instructions generated by the processor. In the embodiments described in  FIGS. 22-23 , both the electronic device  1850  and the touch sensitive device  1900  can generate a sound effect that is based on the contact between the electronic device  1850  and the touch sensitive device  1900 . 
       FIG. 24  illustrates a block diagram of an electronic device  2400  that can be used to implement the various components described herein, according to some embodiments. In particular, the detailed view illustrates various components that can be included in the electronic device  1850  illustrated in  FIG. 18 . As shown in  FIG. 24 , the electronic device  2400  can include a processor  2430  for controlling the overall operation of the electronic device  2400 . The electronic device  2400  can also include a user input device  2490  that allows a user of the electronic device  2400  to interact with the electronic device  2400 . For example, the user input device  2490  can take a variety of forms, such as a touch screen panel  152 . The user input device  2490  can include a sensor  2460  (e.g., capacitance sensor). Still further the user input device  2490  can include a touch screen panel  152  that can be controlled by the processor  2430  to display information to the user. A data bus  2402  can facilitate data transfer between at least a storage device  2450  and the processor  2430 . The electronic device  2400  can also include a network/bus interface  2411  that couples a wireless antenna  2470  (communications unit) to the processor  2430 . 
     In some embodiments, the electronic device  2400  can optionally include an audible feedback component  2480  that is configured to generate a sound effect based on the audible feedback parameter. In some examples, the audible feedback parameter can be generated by the processor  2430  of the electronic device  2400  in conjunction with the contact. In some embodiments, where the audible feedback component  2480  includes a plurality of speakers that each include transducers that are independently actuatable and positioned about the periphery of the user input device  1490  (e.g., touch screen panel  152 ), the processor  2430  can cause the sound effect to be localized to a specific speaker. The localization of the sound effect can be based upon the position of the physical input associated with the contact between the conductive tip  1910  of the touch sensitive device  1900  and the touch screen panel  152 . For example, if contact takes place at the touch screen panel  152  at a lower, right hand corner of the touch screen panel  152 , then the processor  2430  can generate instructions that causes the electronic signal associated with a sound effect to be transmitted to only the speaker adjacent to the lower, right hand corner of the touch screen panel  152 . In this manner, the user only perceives a sound from the lower, right hand corner that is consistent with the position of the physical input of the conductive tip  1910 . 
     In some embodiments, the electronic device  2400  can optionally include an acoustic detection unit or microphone  2482  that can be configured to measure ambient sound that is associated with the acoustic event caused by contact between the conductive tip  1910  of the touch sensitive device  1900  and the touch screen panel  152 . For example, the microphone  2482  can measure the amount of ambient sound associated with tapping against the touch screen panel  152 , pressing against the touch screen panel  152 , sliding against the touch screen panel  152 , and the like. The microphone  2482  can associate a waveform of the ambient sound with an initial digital signal. The processor  2430  can be configured to analyze the waveform of the ambient sound to generate an inverted digital signal (or phase shift digital signal). Subsequently, the inverted digital signal can be amplified, where the audible feedback component  2480  can be configured to generate a sound effect that is proportional to the amplitude of the waveform of the initial digital signal. In this configuration, the audible feedback component  2480  can be configured to perform noise-canceling, attenuation, or minimization of the ambient, such as through a destructive interference process. In this manner, the electronic device  2400  can be configured to minimize or eliminate the ambient sound associated with the physical input such that the sound effect based on the audible feedback parameter is more clearly perceived by the user or to minimize ambient sound associated with tapping or slide the conductive tip  1910  against the touch screen panel  152 . In some embodiments, the audible feedback component  2480  can counteract the ambient sound by adjusting the harmonic frequency of the oscillation or vibration of the mass of the audible feedback component  2480 . In some embodiments, the audible feedback component  2480  is disposed at the conductive tip  1910 , and oscillation or vibration of the mass of the audible feedback component  2480  against the conductive tip  1910  can counteract or minimize the ambient sound. 
     The electronic device  2400  also includes a storage device  2450 , which can comprise a single disk or multiple disks (e.g., hard drives), and includes a storage management module that manages one or more partitions within the storage device  2450 . In some embodiments, the storage device  2450  can include flash memory, semiconductor (solid state) memory or the like. The computing device  2450  can also include a Random Access Memory (RAM) and a Read-Only Memory (ROM). The ROM can store programs, utilities or processes to be executed in a non-volatile manner. The RAM can provide volatile data storage, and stores instructions related to the operation of the electronic device  2400 . 
     The various aspects, embodiments, implementations or features of the described embodiments can be used separately or in any combination. Various aspects of the described embodiments can be implemented by software, hardware or a combination of hardware and software. The described embodiments can also be embodied as computer readable code on a computer readable medium. The computer readable medium is any data storage device that can store data which can thereafter be read by a computer system. Examples of the computer readable medium include read-only memory, random-access memory, CD-ROMs, DVDs, magnetic tape, hard disk drives, solid state drives, and optical data storage devices. The computer readable medium can also be distributed over network-coupled computer systems so that the computer readable code is stored and executed in a distributed fashion. 
       FIG. 25  illustrates a perspective view of a system  2500  for generating feedback characteristics in conjunction with contact between the touch sensitive device  2510  and an electronic device  2550 . The touch sensitive device  2510  is configured to be physically manipulated by a user to contact a touch screen panel  2552  of the electronic device  2550 . In some embodiments, the touch sensitive device  2510  includes a plurality of strands  2512 . In some embodiments, the strands  2512  can also be referred to as tips, contact members, or conductive tips. Each of the strands  2512  can be comprised of a material that is flexible and elastic, such as a shape memory metal. The strands  2512  can be referred to as flexible strands, flexible contact members, or flexible tips. Each strand  2512  includes a conductive component (e.g., electrode) at a distal end of the strand  2512  that is configured to independently receive an capacitive current to detect a change in capacitance. In some embodiments, the touch sensitive device  2510  includes a capacitive sensor. In some examples, an amount of the capacitive current corresponds to an amount of physical force applied by the touch sensitive device  2510  against the touch screen panel  2552 . In some embodiments, the touch sensitive device  2510  includes both a capacitive sensor and a strain gage. The strain gage can be configured to detect a strain measurement of each strand  2512 . In some embodiments, the strain gage can utilize the strain measurement to detect a position of the strand  2512 . In this manner, each strand  2512  can be associated with a different capacitance/strain measurement. In some embodiments, the change in flex, bend, or deformation of the strands  2512  can be defined as contact properties or physical properties. Subsequently, a controller of the touch sensitive device  2510  can generate a feedback characteristic that is based on the capacitive/strain measurement. The touch sensitive device  2510  can be configured to transmit a feedback characteristic to the electronic device  2550  via an antenna, where the feedback characteristic can be implemented by a processor  2430  of the electronic device  2400  as a digital input to be displayed by the touch screen panel  2552 . By utilizing the embodiments of the touch sensitive device  2510  described herein, the touch screen panel  2552  can be configured to generate digital input that is more accurate and realistic of the user&#39;s intentions when compared to conventional software means. 
     In some embodiments, the touch sensitive device  2510  can include a haptic feedback component  2540  (e.g.,  140  of  FIG. 1 ) and an audible feedback component  2589  (e.g.,  190  of  FIG. 1 ) that can be configured to generate haptic feedback and a sound effect based on the feedback characteristic that is generated. In some embodiments, the haptic feedback and sound effect can be generated independently of the feedback characteristic. 
     In some embodiments, the processor of the electronic device  2550  can combine the user feedback preference with the feedback characteristic to generate the digital input. For example, if the feedback characteristic corresponds to a wide stroke, but the user feedback preference dictates that the user-selected media preference is a fine-tip pencil, then the application can cause the digital input to resemble a thin line. This is in contrast to an application that only relies upon the feedback characteristic to execute the digital input, whereupon the application would cause the digital input to resemble a wide stroke. 
     In some embodiments, the electronic device  2550  can be configured to run an application that executes a graphic presentation program. In some embodiments, the application can be configured to store one or more specific user profiles. The application can be configured to learn from a specific user&#39;s physical input of the touch sensitive device  2510  in conjunction with the touch screen panel  2552 , whereupon the application can adapt the physical input provided by the touch sensitive device  2510  to execute digital input that is particular to the specific user. For example, if a specific user consistently executes forceful gestures of the strand  2512  against the touch screen panel  2552 , the capacitive sensor of the touch sensitive device  2510  can consistently detect a large amount of force. Subsequently, the controller of the touch sensitive device  2510  can provide instructions to the electronic device  2550  that correspond to drawing a wide brush stroke in the application. However, over time, the application can adapt to the specific user&#39;s preferences and provide granularity between different types of forceful gestures that are detected. For example, over time, the application can determine that a minimal physical input by a specific user is approximately 3 N, while a maximal physical input is approximately 10 N. Initially, 3 N of force can correspond to a wide brush stroke in the application. Over time, the application can establish 3 N of force as a baseline input, which can correspond to a thin brush stroke in the application. In this manner, the application can associate a user feedback preference with each specific user that can be combined with the feedback characteristic in conjunction with generating a digital input. 
       FIG. 26  illustrates a block diagram of a touch sensitive device  2600  that can be used to implement the various components described herein, according to some embodiments. In particular, the detailed view illustrates various components that can be included in the touch sensitive device  2600  as illustrated in  FIG. 25 . In some embodiments, the touch sensitive device  2600  can incorporate or include any of the elements of any of the touch sensitive devices described throughout this specification. For example, the touch sensitive device  2600  can incorporate the haptic feedback component  140  as described in  FIG. 1 . As shown in  FIG. 26 , the touch sensitive device  2600  can include a controller  2630  for controlling the overall operation of the touch sensitive device  2600 . The controller  2630  can be configured to receive a capacitance signal detected by a capacitive sensor  2614 . The capacitive sensor  2614  can receive a capacitance signal from a conductive component (e.g., electrode) included in each individual strand  2512  of the touch sensitive device  2600 . In some embodiments, the touch sensitive device  2600  optionally includes a strain gage  2650  that can be configured to detect a strain measurement provided by each strand  2512 . Accordingly, the controller  2630  can be configured to combine at least the capacitance signal (and the strain measurement) to generate a feedback characteristic. The feedback characteristic can be transmitted by a wireless antenna  2640  to the electronic device  2400 , whereupon the electronic device  2400  can receive the feedback characteristic via antenna  2470 . The processor  2430  of the electronic device  2400  can generate a digital input in an application (e.g., graphics presentation program) that is based on the feedback characteristic. In some embodiments, the processor  2430  of the electronic device  2400  can be configured to receive a user feedback preference via the application. In some embodiments, the change in flex, bend, or deformation of the strands  2512  can be defined as contact properties or physical properties. 
     The touch sensitive device  2610  can also include a network/bus interface  2611  that couples the wireless antenna  2640  to the controller  2630 . The controller  2630  can be electrically coupled to a power supply  2660  via a bus  2602 . The wireless antenna  2640  can be configured to provide electrical signals that are associated with the feedback characteristic to the electronic device  2400 . 
     In some embodiments, the touch sensitive device  2510  also includes a haptic feedback component  2670  and an audible feedback component  2680 . The controller  2630  can be configured to convert the feedback characteristic to a haptic feedback parameter to be provided to the haptic feedback component  2670  to generate haptic feedback. The controller  2630  can be configured to convert the feedback characteristic to an audible feedback parameter to be provided to the audible feedback component  2680  to generate audible feedback. 
       FIGS. 27A-27F  illustrate perspective views of various embodiments of the plurality of strands  2712  that can be included in the touch sensitive device  2700 . In some embodiments, the strand  2712  are provided in a swappable tip  2710  that is releasably coupled to a distal end of an elongated body  2702  of the touch sensitive device  2700 . In some embodiments, the strand  2712  is provided as part of a swappable tip  2710  that extends through an opening  2708  of a distal end of the elongated body  2702 . The elongated body  2702  can include walls that define a cavity. In this configuration, a variety of swappable tips  2710  can be utilized in the touch sensitive device  2700 , where each swappable tip  2710  includes a plurality of strands  2700  and each strand  2712  having a different size, pattern, dimension, shape, and the like. In one example, the swappable tip  2710  can have a single conductive tip. In another example, the swappable tip  2710  can have a plurality of conductive tips that can be each individually configured to provide a respective capacitive measurement. 
       FIG. 27A  shows a plurality of strands  2712  that are included at a distal end of the touch sensitive device  2700 .  FIG. 27A  shows that each strand  2712  is substantially elongated. Moreover, each strand  2712  is substantially similar in length, width, shape, size, and the like. In this configuration, each strand  2712  can be characterized as having a similar cross-sectional area. In addition, each strand  2712  can be comprised of similar flexible and elastic materials, which can be characterized according to Young&#39;s modulus, which refers to the relationship between stress (force per unit area) and strain (proportional deformation) in the material. 
       FIG. 27B  illustrates a bottom view of the touch sensitive device  2700  of  FIG. 27A , in conjunction with showing that the plurality of strands  2712  can be arranged in a substantially uniform pattern. In other examples, the plurality of strands  2712  can be arranged in non-uniform pattern or irregular pattern. In some other examples, the plurality of strands  2712  can be arranged in a polygonal shape, elliptical shape, and the like. 
       FIG. 27C  illustrates a perspective view of a plurality of strands  2712  that are included at a distal end of the touch sensitive device  2700 , in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG. 28C  shows that each strand  2712  is substantially elongated. Furthermore,  FIG. 28C  shows that each of the plurality of strands  2712  can have varying lengths. 
       FIG. 27D  illustrates a perspective view of the plurality of strands  2712  that are included at a distal end of the touch sensitive device  2700 , in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG. 27D  shows that each strand  2712  is substantially elongated. In addition, adjacent strands  2712  can be of varying lengths such that the plurality of strands  2712  become substantially more tapered along a medial axis of the touch sensitive device  2700 . 
       FIG. 27E  illustrates a perspective view of the plurality of strands  2712  that are included at a distal end of the touch sensitive device  2700 , in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG. 27E  shows that each strand  2712  is substantially elongated. In addition, adjacent strands  2712  can be of varying lengths such that the plurality of strands become progressively longer away from a medal axis of the touch sensitive device  2700 . 
       FIG. 27F  illustrates a perspective view of the plurality of strands  2712  that are included at a distal end of the touch sensitive device  2700 , in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG. 27F  shows that adjacent strands  2712  can be of varying widths (D 1 ) and (D 2 ). In some examples, the adjacent strands  2712  can be of varying widths in a repeating pattern. 
       FIGS. 28A-28B  illustrate perspective views of the touch sensitive device  2800  in contact with the electronic device  2550 , in accordance with some embodiments as shown in  FIG. 25 .  FIG. 28A  illustrates a perspective view of the touch sensitive device  2800 , where each of the plurality of strands  2812  are being dragged across the touch screen panel  2852  according to a similar direction and under a similar amount of force.  FIG. 28A  illustrates that when the strands  2812  of the touch sensitive device  2800  make contact with the touch screen panel  2852  of the electronic device  2550 , a capacitive component (e.g., electrode)  2814  included on each strand  2812  can be configured to detect a change in capacitance. The change in capacitance can be transmitted to a capacitive sensor  2614  via a capacitive sensor wire. The change in capacitance can be provided in an electrical signal. The capacitive component  2814  can be configured to determine a change in capacitance that corresponds to an amount of force (F 1 ) that is applied by the strand  2812  against the touch screen panel  2852 . In some examples, the capacitive component  2814  is configured to utilize the change in capacitance to determine when the strand  2812  makes contact with the touch screen panel  2852  to create an electrical pathway, when the strand  2812  changes position on the touch screen panel  2852 , and when the strand  2812  breaks contact from the touch screen panel  2852  to sever the electrical pathway. Accordingly, the capacitive sensor  2614  can provide the electrical signal that corresponds to the change in capacitance to the controller  2630 , whereupon the controller  2630  can generate a feedback characteristic. In some embodiments, the amount of force that is detected by the capacitive sensor  2614  can be proportional to the digital input that is provided by the application of the electronic device  2550 . For example, a greater amount of force that is detected by the capacitive sensor  2614  can correlate with a wide brush stroke, while a smaller amount of detected force can indicate a thinner brush stroke. In another example, the amount of force that is detected by the capacitive sensor  2614  can correspond to lifting the strand  2812  from the touch screen panel  2852  (e.g., lifting a brush stroke). 
     In some embodiments, each strand  2812  includes a strain wire that is electrically coupled to a strain gage, as described in more detail with reference to  FIGS. 29-32 . Each strain wire is configured to elongate in response to deforming or bending the strand  2812  in conjunction with contact between the touch sensitive device  2800  and the touch screen panel  2852 . The strain gage can generate a strain measurement that corresponds to an amount of load that is exerted against the strain wire. For example, an electrical resistance of the strain gage varies in proportion to the amount of strain in each strain wire. The controller  2630  can receive an electrical signal that is based on the strain measurement. In some embodiments, the strain measurement can indicate a directionality of the position of the strand  2812 . For example, the strain measurement can provide X-axis/Y-axis directionalities. In some embodiments, the position and direction of the digital input that is provided by the application of the electronic device  2550  can be proportional to the strain measurement that is detected. Where the strain gage  2650  receives multiple strain measurements from the plurality of strain wires, the strain gage  2650  can generate more detailed strain measurement feedback. For example, a positive strain measurement can correspond to elongate of a first strain wire, while a negative strain measurement can correspond to compression of a second strain wire. Subsequently, the different strain measurements can indicate a change in directionality/position of a digital input on the touch screen panel  2852  that corresponds to each change in physical input of the first and second strain wires. 
     In some embodiments, where the touch sensitive device  2800  includes a strand  2812  having both a capacitive sensor wire and a strain wire, the controller  2630  can generate a texture feedback characteristic by combining force with x-axis/y-axis directionality. 
     The strain measurement generated by the strain gage  2650  can refer to a ratio between the amount of change in a length of material relative to an initial length of the material in response to deformation of the material, or represented by the formula: e=A L/L. A positive strain measurement corresponds to elongation of the material, while a negative strain measurement corresponds to compression of the material. In some embodiments, the strain wire can provide a measurement of various types of strain, including axial, bending, shear, and torsional strain. Axial strain can refer to how much the material stretches or compresses as a result of force that is applied in a linear direction. Bending strain can refer the amount of stretch on one side of the material and the amount of contraction on an opposite side of the material. Shear strain can refer to an amount of deformation that occurs from a linear force. Torsional strain can refer to an amount of deformation that occurs from a circular force. 
     In some embodiments, the amount of strain that is measured by the strain wire can be calculated according to the formula: ε=F*L*y/I*E. In some embodiments, the amount of strain that is measured by the strain wire can be calculated according to the formula: ε=F/A*E. In some embodiments, ε (strain measurement), F (force from usage), A (cross-sectional area), y (distance from neutral axis), L (length of strand), E (Young&#39;s Modulus of strand material), and I (moment of inertia). 
       FIG. 28B  illustrates a perspective view of the touch sensitive device  2800  that shows that each strand  2812  can be actuated to independently deflect or deform in a manner that is substantially different from each other. For example,  FIG. 28B  shows that each of strands  2812   a ,  2812   b ,  2812   c ,  2812   d  can be individually deflected such that a corresponding strain wire/capacitive sensor wire of each strand  2812   a ,  2812   b ,  2812   c ,  2812   d  can provide an independent strain measurement/capacitive change, respectively. 
       FIGS. 29-32  illustrate various embodiments of the strands  2512  of the touch sensitive device  2510 .  FIGS. 29A-29B  illustrate a cross-sectional view and a top view of a strand  2900  of the touch sensitive device  2510  in accordance with some embodiments, respectively. As shown in  FIG. 29A , the strand  2900  includes a capacitive component  2950  that is positioned at a distal end of the strand  2900 . The capacitive component  2950  is electrically coupled to the capacitive sensor  2614  via an inner capacitive sensor wire  2952 , where the inner capacitive sensor wire  2952  is surrounded by flexible substrate material  2912 . The inner capacitive sensor wire  2952  is surrounded by flexible substrate material  2912  which enables the strand  2900  to flex or deform in response to a load that is applied to the strand  2900 .  FIG. 29B  illustrates that the strand  2900  includes a plurality of strain wires  2962  that are positioned along the periphery of the strand  2900 . Each strain wire  2962  extends from a proximal end of the strand  2900  to the capacitive component  2950 . In response to bending or deforming the strand  2900  under load, each strain wire  2962  can be configured to elongate. Each strain wire  2962  can be configured to detect strain measurements that are proportional to the amount of force that deforms the strand  2900 .  FIG. 29A  illustrates that the plurality of strain wires  2962  are equally positioned relative to one another and from the inner capacitive sensor wire  2952 . For example,  FIG. 29B  illustrates that the strain wires  2962  are positioned opposite one another to facilitate providing equal and opposite strain fields in the strand  2900 . Under normal loading conditions (e.g., the strand  2900  is not bent), each strain wire  2962  is subjected to an equal amount of compression. However, under non-axial or side-loading compressions (e.g., deforming the strand  2900 ), each strain wire  2962  can provide a different strain measurement that translates to an amount of load that is applied to the corresponding surface of the strand  2900 . In this configuration, each strain wire  2962  can provide a different strain measurement to the controller  2630  that is indicative of the amount of deformation of the corresponding surface of the strand  2900 . 
       FIGS. 30A-30B  illustrate a cross-sectional view and a top view of a strand  3000  of the touch sensitive device  2510  in accordance with some embodiments, respectively. As shown in  FIG. 30A , the strand  3000  includes a capacitive component  3050  that is positioned at a distal end of the strand  3000 . The capacitive component  3050  is electrically coupled to the capacitive sensor  2614  via an inner capacitive sensor wire  3052 . The inner capacitive sensor wire  2352  is surrounded by flexible substrate material  2312  which enables the strand  3000  to flex or deform in response to a load that is applied to the strand  3000 . As shown in  FIG. 30B , the capacitive sensor wire  3052  is included along the center of the flexible substrate material  3012 . The capacitive component  3050  is configured to detect a change in capacitance based upon the amount of force in conjunction with contact between the capacitive component  3050  and the touch screen panel  2552 . In some examples, the amount of force that is detected can be utilized to modify a width of the brush stroke that is displayed on the touch screen panel  2552 . 
       FIGS. 31A-31B  illustrate a cross-sectional view and a top view of a strand  3100  of the touch sensitive device  2510  in accordance with some embodiments, respectively. As shown in  FIG. 31A , the strand  3100  includes a capacitive component  3150  that is positioned at a distal end of the strand  3100 . The capacitive component  3150  is electrically coupled to the capacitive sensor  2614  via an inner capacitive sensor wire  3152 , where the inner capacitive sensor wire  3152  is surrounded by flexible substrate material  3112 . The combination of the flexible substrate material  3112  and the inner capacitive sensor wire  3152  can function as a cantilever beam structure.  FIG. 31A  illustrates that the flexible substrate material  3112  includes a plurality of strain gages  3162  that are positioned along the periphery of the strand  3100  and localized at the proximal end of the strand  3100 . In such a configuration, the flexible substrate material  3112  and inner capacitive sensor wire  3152  are more freely able to flex or bend without interference from strain gages  3162  positioned along the majority of the length of the strand  3100 . The strain gages  3162  can be bonded to the flexible substrate material  3112 . Each strain gage  3162  can be configured to detect strain measurements that are proportional to the amount of force that deforms the strand  3100 . As the strand  3100  is configured to flex at the proximal end of the strand  3100 , by positioning each strain gage  3162  at the proximal end of the strand  3100 , can cause a more accurate indication of the amount of deformation within the strand  3100 . 
       FIG. 31B  illustrates that the plurality of strain gages  3162  are equally positioned from one another and equally positioned relative to the inner capacitive sensor wire  3152 . For example,  FIG. 31B  illustrates that the strain gages  3162  are positioned opposite one another to facilitate providing equal and opposite strain fields in the strand  3100 . Under normal loading conditions (e.g., the strand  3100  is not bent), each strain gage  3162  is subjected to an equal amount of compression. However, under non-axial or side-loading compressions (e.g., deforming the strand  3100 ), each strain gage  3162  can provide a different strain measurement that translates to an amount of load that is applied to the corresponding surface of the strand  3100 . In this configuration, each strain gage  3162  can provide a different strain measurement to the controller  2630  that is indicative of the amount of deformation of the corresponding surface of the strand  3100 . 
       FIGS. 32A-32B  illustrate a cross-sectional view and a top view of a strand  3200  of the touch sensitive device  2510  in accordance with some embodiments, respectively. As shown in  FIG. 32A , the strand  3200  includes a capacitive component  3250  that is positioned at a distal end of the strand  3200 . The capacitive component  3250  is electrically coupled to the capacitive sensor  2614  via an inner capacitive sensor wire  3252 , where the inner capacitive sensor wire  3252  is surrounded by flexible substrate material  3212 .  FIG. 32A  illustrates the strand  3200  includes a plurality of strain wires  3262  that are positioned along the periphery of the strand  3200 . The strain wires  3262  extend along the length of the strand  3200  and are electrically coupled to the strain gage  2650 . The inner capacitive sensor wire  3252  is surrounded by flexible substrate material  3212  which enables the strand  3200  to flex or deform in response to a load that is applied to the strand  3200 . In turn, a strain wire  3262  surrounds the inner capacitive sensor wire  3252 . As shown in  FIG. 32B , the inner capacitive sensor wire  3252  and the strain wire  3262  have a coaxial configuration. In response to bending or deforming the strand  3200  under load, the strain wire  3262  can be configured to elongate. In response to bending or deforming the strand  3200 , the strain wire  3262  can provide a varied strain measurement that translates to an amount of load that is applied to the strand  3200 . 
       FIG. 33  illustrates a system diagram of an application  3320  that is configured to be executed by a processor (see e.g.,  2430  of  FIG. 24 ) of the electronic device  2550 . The application  3320  can be configured to execute a graphics presentation program. In some embodiments, the application  3320  is configured to receive a graphical input in conjunction with physical contact between the touch sensitive device  2510  and the electronic device  2550 . In some examples, the input can be provided by a user&#39;s finger(s), a stylus, or the touch sensitive device  2510 , or other embodiments of the touch sensitive device as described herein. For example, the application  3320  can receive a graphical input in conjunction with the electronic device  2550  detecting a change in capacitance via the touch sensitive device  2510 . The electronic device  2550  includes a touch screen panel  2552  that includes capacitive sensors that are configured to detect the capacitive input provided by the touch sensitive device  2510  and process different contact parameters of the capacitive input, including the speed of the input, the force of the input, the position of the input, the acceleration of the input, the angle of the input relative to the touch screen panel, and the like. The processor  2430  of the electronic device  2550  can process the different contact parameters detected by the capacitive sensors in conjunction with generating an audible feedback parameter. 
     In some embodiments, the application  3320  can be configured to receive a user selection of a contact feedback preference. Subsequently, the processor  2430  of the electronic device  2550  is configured to generate a modified display output by combining an electrical signal associated with the different contact parameters with an electrical signal associated with the contact feedback preference. 
       FIG. 33  illustrates a system view of an exemplary list of contact feedback preferences associated with data items  1860  that can be executed by the application  3320 . The application  3320  can represent a graphics presentations program, such as Apple Keynote, produced by Apple Inc. In other examples, the application  1820  can represent a multimedia program, an illustrator program, a music player, a word processor, a web development program, and the like. The application  3320  can be configured to be executed by the electronic device  2550  in a manner similar to the system overview as shown in  FIG. 18 . The application  3320  can be configured to directly communicate with the storage device  1840 . In some embodiments, the storage device  1840  can include a data item  1860  managed by the application  3320 . In conjunction, the application  3320  can request the data item  1860  from the storage device  1840 . In one example, the data item  1860  refers to an contact feedback preference that can be selected by the user. 
     In another example, the data item  1860  refers to a contact feedback preference that can be dynamically selected by the application  3320  in conjunction with determining that there is contact between the touch sensitive device  2510  and the electronic device  2550 . For example, the processor (see e.g.,  2430  of  FIG. 24 ) of the electronic device  2550  can be configured to determine that a plurality of different contact parameters are concurrently detected by the capacitive sensors  2460  of the electronic device  2550  in accordance with a swappable tip  2710  that includes a plurality of conductive tips (e.g., paintbrush). Accordingly, when the processor  2430  of the electronic device  2550  receives a plurality of capacitive measurements, the processor  2430  can be configured to dynamically select a contact feedback preference (i.e., without user selection of a contact feedback preference) that indicates that the touch sensitive device  2510  includes a swappable tip  2710  that resembles the paintbrush. Accordingly, the processor  2430  can cause an electrical signal associated with the contact feedback preference to be dynamically combined with electrical signals associated with the plurality of contact parameters to generate a plurality of feedback characteristics to be displayed on the touch screen panel  2552 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 33 , the exemplary list of contact feedback preferences includes: “Adjust Media Tool Thickness”  3320 , “Drawing Angle”  3330 , “Drawing Speed”  3340 , “Medium Material”  3350 , “Media Tool Type”  3360 , “Signature Artist Style”  3370 , “Force Adjust”  3380 , and “Adjust Weight  3390 ”. The processor  2430  is configured to generate a digital signal associated with the contact feedback preference. In some embodiments, the processor  2430  of the electronic device  2550  can combine an electrical/digital signal associated with the contact feedback preference with an electrical/digital signal with a contact parameter (generated by the electronic device  2550  or the touch sensitive device  2510 ) to generate a contact feedback characteristic. Accordingly, the application  3320  can cause a specific one or more contact preferences to be associated with a contact parameter. For example, the application  3320  can associate a plurality of contact feedback preferences with a single contact parameter. Alternatively, the application  3320  can associate a single contact feedback preference with a plurality of contact parameters. 
     In some embodiments, the application  3320  provides a graphical user interface (GUI) that permits for the user to select the contact feedback preferences. 
     In one example, the user can select “Media Tool Type”  3360 , whereupon the application  3320  provides a list of options for generating a contact feedback characteristic that is associated with the settings of textures/thicknesses/shapes/size/color that correspond to the media tool that is selected. For example, selection of the “Media Tool Type” can provide options for associating specific textures/thicknesses/shapes/size/color to a specific type of media. The various types of media that can be selected include settings: 1) charcoal; 2) felt tip; 3) marker; 4) pencil; or 5) paint. In one example, charcoal is associated with the settings of a specific texture/thickness/shape/size/color that is different from paint. Thus, by associating the media tool type of charcoal with the settings of the specific texture/thickness/shape/size/color can generate a contact feedback characteristic combines the detected change in capacitance and/or strain measurement with the contact feedback preference selected, where the contact feedback characteristic can be output on the touch screen panel  2552 . 
     In another example, the user can select “Media Tool Type”  3360 , whereupon the user is provided with a list of options, including: 1) charcoal; 2) felt tip; 3) marker; 4) pencil; 5) paint; and 6) spray paint. Each media tool type can be associated with a unique set of settings of texture/thickness/shape/size/color. For example, spray paint can be associated with an inconsistent spray pattern having more miniscule color particles, while paint can be associated with a more uniform pattern of larger color particles. In another example, pencil can be associated with a grey color, while charcoal can be associated with a single black color. 
     In some embodiments, the “Media Tool Type”  3360  option can be performed in conjunction with the capacitive sensor  2460  of the electronic device  2550 , the capacitive sensor  2614  of the touch sensitive device  2510 , and/or the strain gage  2650  of the touch sensitive device  2510 . For example, the capacitive sensor  2460  can be configured to detect an amount of force that is applied against the touch screen panel  2552 . Subsequently, the processor  2430  of the electronic device  2550  can combine the capacitive measurement with the contact feedback preference to generate a contact feedback characteristic. For example, if the force detected by the capacitive sensor  2460  is strong, but the “pencil” media tool type  3360  and the “soft” force adjustment  3380  are selected, then the electronic device  2550  can generate a sound effect that is more akin to a “soft” stroke of a pencil rather than a “hard” stroke of the pencil. 
     In some examples, each of the contact feedback preferences shown in  FIG. 33  can be stored in the storage device  1840 . In some examples, the application  3320  can rely upon machine-learning algorithm to learn a user&#39;s preferences and adjust a default preference to align more similarly to the user&#39;s preference so that the settings of each of the contact feedback preferences is adjusted to more closely correspond to a user&#39;s preferences. For example, if the application  3320  learns over time that the user selects the “Paint” selection of the “Media Tool Type”  3360 , but then modifies the settings of the specific texture/thickness/shape/size/color associated with the “Paint” selection to have an opacity that resembles acrylic paints in contrast to an oil-based paint, then the application  3320  can dynamically apply the user settings to future selection of the “Paint” selection. 
     In some embodiments, since the controller  2630  of the touch sensitive device  2510  or the processor  2430  of the electronic device  2550  can be configured to combine the electrical signals associated with the contact feedback preference (CFP) with the electrical signals associated with the contact parameter (CP), the controller  2630  or the processor  2430  can be configured to adjust the amount of weight for each set of electrical signals. In some embodiments, the application  3320  can provide a contact feedback preference that can be selected to allow a user to adjust between the ratio of the contact feedback preference to the contact parameter that corresponds to the detected change in capacitance/strain measurement. For example, a user may want to place more weight on the contact feedback preference by assigning the CFP with a higher weighted value than the contact parameter. The ratio between CFP and CP can have a ratio ranging between 1:0 to 0:1. To adjust the weight between CFP and CP, the user can select the “Adjust Weight Between CP and CFP”  3390  to cause the application  3320  to adjust the amount of weight that the controller  2630 /processor  2430  is configured to assign to the CFP and to the CP. For example, the application  3320  can assign a ratio 1:9 to assign more weight to the contact feedback preference. In another example, the application  3320  can adjust the ratio to 5:5 to assign an equal amount of weight to the contact feedback preference and the contact parameter. 
       FIGS. 34A-34B  illustrate a sequence diagram  3400  for associating a contact feedback preference with a contact parameter associated with contact between the touch sensitive device  2510  and the electronic device  2550 , as described above in conjunction with the block diagram of  FIG. 33 . In particular, a user interface  3410  of the application  3320  can be configured to receive a selection of an contact feedback preference. As shown in  FIG. 34A , a contact feedback preference menu  3412  is provided within the user interface  3410 . The user can browse through the various types of contact feedback preferences, such as “Drawing Speed”, “Medium Tool”, or “Signature Artist Style” displayed by the contact feedback preference menu  3412 . As shown in  FIG. 34A , the user interface  3410  includes a plurality of media items  3416 ,  3418 , and  3420 . Each of the media items  3416 ,  3418 , and  3420  can be generated via a touch sensitive device  2510  having a different type of strand  2712 . For example,  FIG. 34A  shows that media item  3416  is a singular line that corresponds to a touch sensitive device  2510  having a single strand  2712 . Furthermore, the media item  3418  shows three offset lines that corresponds to a touch sensitive device  2510  that has three separate strands  2712 . Furthermore, the media item  3420  shows a dashed line that corresponds to the application  3320  associating a “Spray Paint” selection with a contact input provided by a touch sensitive device  2510  having a single strand  2712 . In other words, the media item  3416  is generated without modification from a selection of one or more contact feedback preferences from the application  3320 , while the media item  3420  represents a modification of the media item  3416  with modification of the “Media Tool Type”  3360 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 34A , a contact feedback preference  3430  labeled “Signature Artist Style” is selected by the user, which causes the application  3320  to generate a detailed window  3328  that illustrates the different types of artists associated with the “Signature Artist Style”, which is illustrated in  FIG. 34B . 
     As shown in  FIG. 34B , the detailed window  3428  displays the different types of artists associated with the “Signature Artist Style”. As shown in  FIG. 34B , “Jackson Pollock”  3432  is selected, which causes the application  3320  to associate any existing media items  3416 ,  3418 ,  3420  or any subsequent contact inputs provided by the touch sensitive device  2510  with the “Jackson Pollock” selection. For example, any subsequent input  3422  (e.g., additional drawn lines) in the user interface  3410  that is received by the application  3320  is associated with the “Jackson Pollock” selection. As an example, selection of the “Jackson Pollock” style can cause the subsequent input to simulate unique set of settings of texture/thickness/shape/size/color of zero-friction that corresponds to dripping, drizzling, or pouring paint onto a canvas while generating a subsequent media item  3422 . This is in contrast to the “Claude Monet” style which can be attributed to unique set of settings of texture/thickness/shape/size/color that correspond to repeatedly painting over previously applied strokes of paint so that there is more simulation of abrasion or friction between the paint brush and the canvas. 
     Additionally, any subsequent contact input is detected by the capacitive sensors of the touch screen panel  2552  of the electronic device  2550  in order to form a contact parameter. Alternatively, the subsequent contact input can be generated by the touch sensitive device  2510  and transmitted to the electronic device  2550  via antenna  2640 . The contact parameter can refer to a strain gage measurement and a capacitive measurement. Examples of the contact parameter include angle, orientation, force, speed, acceleration, and the like. In conjunction with generating an audible feedback parameter, a processor of the electronic device  2550  is configured to combine the contact parameter with the contact feedback preference. Because the electric signal generated by the capacitive sensor of the touch screen panel  2552  can be an analog signal, the electronic device  2550  can optionally include an A/D converter that is configured to convert the analog signal into a digital signal. Accordingly, the processor of the electronic device  2550  is configured to combine the digital signal associated with the contact parameter and the digital signal associated with the contact feedback preference into a contact feedback characteristic. In some examples, the ratio between the contact parameter and the contact feedback characteristic is 50:50. In other examples, the contact feedback characteristic can include between about 0% contact parameter and 100% of the contact feedback preference to 100% contact parameter and 0% of the contact feedback preference. In some embodiments, the weight/ratio between the contact parameter and the audible feedback preference can be adjusted by the user. 
     In some embodiments, the processor  2430  of the electronic device  2550  can be configured to generate the contact feedback preference and the contact parameter. In some embodiments, the electronic device  2550  can receive a contact feedback characteristic from the touch sensitive device  2510 , whereupon the electronic device  2550  can optionally combine the contact feedback characteristic with the contact feedback preference to cause a digital output (e.g., media item) to be displayed on the user interface  3410  of the application  3320 . 
       FIG. 35A  illustrates a method  3500  for generating a contact feedback characteristic by the touch sensitive device  2510 , in accordance with some embodiments. As shown in  FIG. 34A , the method begins at step  3502 , where in conjunction with contact between the touch sensitive device  2510  and a touch screen panel  2552  of the electronic device  2550 , the touch sensitive device  2510  detects a change in capacitance. In some examples, the change in capacitance can correspond to at least one of the strands  2512  initially contacting the touch screen panel  2552 , changing the type of contact with the touch screen panel  2552 , and separating from contact with the touch screen panel  2552 . The change in capacitance can be detected by a capacitive sensor  2614 . 
     At step  3504 , a strain measurement in conjunction with the contact between the touch sensitive device  2510  and the touch screen panel  2552  can be optionally detected by a strain gage  2650  of the touch sensitive device  2510 . 
     At step  3506 , the controller  2630  can convert at least the change in capacitance into an electrical signal that can be referred to as a feedback characteristic. In some embodiments, where the controller  2630  receives the change in capacitance and the strain measurement, the controller  2630  can convert both the change in capacitance and the strain measurement to separate electrical signals that can be subsequently combined to form one or more contact feedback characteristic. 
     At step  3508 , the controller  2630  can transmit the contact feedback characteristic to the electronic device  2550  via antenna  2640 , whereupon the electronic device  2550  generates a digital output to be displayed by the touch screen panel  2552  of the electronic device  2550  that is based on the contact feedback characteristic. 
       FIG. 35B  illustrates a method  3550  for generating a contact feedback characteristic by the electronic device  2550 , in accordance with some embodiments. As shown in  FIG. 35B , the method begins at step  3552 , where in conjunction with contact between the touch sensitive device  2510  and the touch screen panel  2552  of the electronic device  2550 , the touch sensitive device  2510  detects a change in capacitance. The change in capacitance can be detected by a capacitive sensor (see e.g., ref.  2460  of  FIG. 24 ) associated with the touch screen panel  2552 . 
     At step  3554 , a processor  2430  of the electronic device  2550  can determine one or more contact parameters based on the change in capacitance. 
     At step  3556 , the application  3320 , that is configured to be executed by the processor  2430 , can receive a selection of one or more contact feedback preferences. 
     At step  3558 , the processor  2430  can be configured to generate a contact feedback characteristic in accordance with combining an electrical signal associated with the contact parameter and an electrical signal associated with the contact feedback preference. In some embodiments, the processor  2430  can adjust the amount of weight that is assigned to the contact parameter and to the contact feedback preference. In contrast to the contact feedback characteristic described in method  3500  of  FIG. 35A , the contact feedback characteristic described with reference to method  3550  can involve modifying the media item that is displayed by the application  3320  via the contact feedback preference. In other words, without modification by the contact feedback preference, the contact feedback characteristic is based solely on the contact parameter. However, modification of the contact parameter via the contact feedback preference can cause the media item to be modified such that a different media item is displayed on the touch screen panel  2552 . 
     At step  3560 , the processor  2430  can cause a digital output that is based on the contact feedback characteristic to be displayed by the touch screen panel  2552  of the electronic device  2550 . 
       FIG. 36  illustrates a method  3600  for constructing a touch sensitive device  2510  according to some of the embodiments described herein. Although  FIG. 36  illustrates that the method  3600  is described with reference to constructing the strand  2900 , the method  3600  can be utilized to construct other embodiments of the touch sensitive device  2510 . The method  3600  begins at step  3602  where a capacitive component  2950  and an inner capacitive sensor wire  2952  is coupled to a flexible substrate material  2912  of a strand  2900 . The method  3600  optionally includes the step  3604  of coupling a strain wire  2962  to the flexible substrate material  2912  of the strand  2900 . At step  3606 , the capacitive component  2950  and the inner capacitive sensor wire  2952  can be electrically coupled to a capacitive sensor  2614 . The method  3600  optionally includes the step  3508  of coupling the strain wire  2962  to a strain gage  2650 . At step  3610 , the inner capacitive sensor wire  2952  is coupled to a controller  2630 , an antenna  2640 , and a power supply  2660 . In some embodiments, where the flexible substrate material  2912  is coupled to both the inner capacitive sensor wire  2952  and the strain wire  2962 , then both the inner capacitive sensor wire  2952  and the strain wire  2962  are coupled to the controller  2630 , the antenna  2640 , and the power supply  2660 . 
     At step  3612 , the controller  2630  can be electrically coupled to at least one of a haptic feedback component  140  or an audible feedback component  190  that are included in the elongated body  2702 . The method  3600  can be arranged in any suitable order or manner, and can be modified according to any of the embodiments described herein. 
       FIG. 37  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary electronic device  3700 , such as the electronic device  150  shown in  FIG. 1 , the electronic device  1850  shown in  FIG. 18 , or any other electronic device as described herein. The electronic device  3700  includes a processing subsystem  3710  (which is sometimes referred to as ‘processing logic’ or a ‘means for processing’), memory subsystem  3712 , and networking subsystem  3714 . Processing subsystem  3710  includes one or more devices configured to perform computational operations. For example, the processing subsystem  3710  can include one or more microprocessors, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), microcontrollers, programmable-logic devices, and/or one or more digital signal processors (DSPs). 
     The memory subsystem  3712  includes one or more devices for storing data and/or instructions for processing subsystem  3710  and networking subsystem  3714 . For example, memory subsystem  3712  can include dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), a read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, and/or other types of memory. In some embodiments, instructions for processing subsystem  3710  in memory subsystem  3712  include: one or more program modules or sets of instructions (such as program module  3722  or operating system  3724 ), which may be executed by processing subsystem  3710 . For example, a ROM can store programs, utilities or processes to be executed in a non-volatile manner, and DRAM can provide volatile data storage, and may store instructions related to the operation of electronic device  3700 . Note that the one or more computer programs may constitute a computer-program mechanism, a computer-readable storage medium or software. Moreover, instructions in the various modules in memory subsystem  3712  may be implemented in: a high-level procedural language, an object-oriented programming language, and/or in an assembly or machine language. Furthermore, the programming language may be compiled or interpreted, e.g., configurable or configured (which may be used interchangeably in this discussion), to be executed by processing subsystem  3710 . In some embodiments, the one or more computer programs are distributed over a network-coupled computer system so that the one or more computer programs are stored and executed in a distributed manner. 
     In addition, memory subsystem  3712  can include mechanisms for controlling access to the memory. In some embodiments, memory subsystem  3712  includes a memory hierarchy that comprises one or more caches coupled to a memory in electronic device  3700 . In some of these embodiments, one or more of the caches is located in processing subsystem  3710 . 
     In some embodiments, memory subsystem  3712  is coupled to one or more high-capacity mass-storage devices (not shown). For example, memory subsystem  3712  can be coupled to a magnetic or optical drive, a solid-state drive, or another type of mass-storage device. In these embodiments, memory subsystem  3712  can be used by electronic device  3700  as fast-access storage for often-used data, while the mass-storage device is used to store less frequently used data. 
     Networking subsystem  3714  includes one or more devices configured to couple to and communicate on a wired and/or wireless network (i.e., to perform network operations), including: control logic  3716 , an interface circuit  3718  (which is sometimes referred to as a ‘communication circuit’) and a set of antennas  3720  (or antenna elements). These antennas may be included inside of a cavity (defined by an inner surface of an external housing or case) or an internal volume of electronic device  3700 . In some embodiments, set of antennas  3720  includes an adaptive array that can be selectively turned on and/or off by control logic  3716  to create a variety of optional antenna patterns or ‘beam patterns.’ (While  FIG. 37  includes set of antennas  3720 , in some embodiments electronic device  3700  includes one or more nodes, such as nodes  3708 , e.g., a pad, which can be coupled to set of antennas  3720 . Thus, electronic device  3700  may or may not include set of antennas  3720 .) For example, networking subsystem  3714  can include a Bluetooth networking system, a cellular networking system (e.g., a 3G/4G/5G network such as UMTS, LTE, etc.), a universal serial bus (USB) networking system, a networking system based on the standards described in IEEE 802.11 (e.g., a Wi-Fi® networking system), an Ethernet networking system, and/or another networking system. 
     Within electronic device  3700 , processing subsystem  3710 , memory subsystem  3712 , and networking subsystem  3714  are coupled together using bus  3728  that facilitates data transfer between these components. Bus  3728  may include an electrical, optical, and/or electro-optical connection that the subsystems can use to communicate commands and data among one another. Although only one bus  3728  is shown for clarity, different embodiments can include a different number or configuration of electrical, optical, and/or electro-optical connections among the subsystems. 
     In some embodiments, electronic device  3700  includes a display subsystem  3726  for displaying information on a display, which may include a display driver and the display, such as a liquid-crystal display, a multi-touch touchscreen, etc. Display subsystem  3726  may be controlled by processing subsystem  3710  to display information to a user (e.g., information relating to incoming, outgoing, or an active communication session). 
     Electronic device  3700  can also include a user-input subsystem  3730  that allows a user of the electronic device  3700  to interact with electronic device  3700 . For example, user-input subsystem  3730  can take a variety of forms, such as: a button, keypad, dial, touch screen, audio input interface, visual/image capture input interface, input in the form of sensor data, etc. 
     Electronic device  3700  can be (or can be included in) any electronic device with at least one network interface. For example, electronic device  3700  may include: a cellular telephone or a smartphone, a wireless device, a mobile device, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a personal or desktop computer, a netbook computer, a media player device, an electronic book device, a MiFi® device, a smartwatch, a wearable computing device, a portable computing device, a consumer-electronic device, as well as any other type of electronic computing device having wireless communication capability that can include communication via one or more wireless communication protocols. 
     Although specific components are used to describe electronic device  3700 , in alternative embodiments, different components and/or subsystems may be present in electronic device  3700 . For example, electronic device  3700  may include one or more additional processing subsystems, memory subsystems, networking subsystems, and/or display subsystems. Additionally, one or more of the subsystems may not be present in electronic device  3700 . Moreover, in some embodiments, electronic device  3700  may include one or more additional subsystems that are not shown in  FIG. 37 . Also, although separate subsystems are shown in  FIG. 37 , in some embodiments some or all of a given subsystem or component can be integrated into one or more of the other subsystems or component(s) in electronic device  3700 . For example, in some embodiments program module  3722  is included in operating system  3724  and/or control logic  3716  is included in interface circuit  3718 . 
     Moreover, the circuits and components in electronic device  3700  may be implemented using any combination of analog and/or digital circuitry, including: bipolar, PMOS and/or NMOS gates or transistors. Furthermore, signals in these embodiments may include digital signals that have approximately discrete values and/or analog signals that have continuous values. Additionally, components and circuits may be single-ended or differential, and power supplies may be unipolar or bipolar. 
     While some of the operations in the preceding embodiments were implemented in hardware or software, in general the operations in the preceding embodiments can be implemented in a wide variety of configurations and architectures. Therefore, some or all of the operations in the preceding embodiments may be performed in hardware, in software or both. For example, at least some of the operations in the latching technique may be implemented using program module  3722 , operating system  3724  or in firmware in interface circuit  3718 . 
     The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, used specific nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the specific details are not required in order to practice the described embodiments. Thus, the foregoing descriptions of the specific embodiments described herein are presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20200522
Publication Date: 20220111
Grant Date: 20220111
Priority Date: 20160909
Inventors: TAYLOR, STEVEN J.
BAUGH, BRENTON A.
WANG, PAUL X.
LEHMANN, Alex J.
MARIC, IVAN S.
GAO, ZHENG
XU, QILIANG
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G06F3/0346", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/016", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/03545", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/016", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/03545", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0383", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/038", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/038", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/041", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/041", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/016", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/03545", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/038", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 71783198