PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-11762217-B1
Application Number: US-202117187416-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B1

Title: Folded optics camera with tilt actuator

Abstract:
Various embodiments include a camera with folded optics and a tilt actuator. In some embodiments, the camera may include a folded optics arrangement that may include a prism and a lens group. In some embodiments, an actuator arrangement of the camera may include one or more actuators for tilting the prism about multiple axes. Furthermore, the actuator arrangement may include one or more actuators for translating the lens group along an axis. In some embodiments, the camera may include a bearing suspension arrangement that may allow for controlled movement of the prism and/or the lens group according to the motion enabled by the actuator arrangement.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A camera, comprising:
 a folded optics arrangement to fold a path of light, the folded optics arrangement comprising:
 a prism; and 
 a lens group comprising one or more lens elements; 
 
 an image sensor to capture light that has passed through the prism and the lens group; 
 an actuator arrangement to tilt the prism about a plurality of axes to provide optical image stabilization (OIS) motion of an image on the image sensor; and 
 a bearing suspension arrangement comprising stages configured to move on ball bearings, such that the stages suspend the prism from a base structure and allow motion of the prism enabled by the actuator arrangement, wherein the stages comprise:
 a lower stage configured to tilt about a first axis, wherein respective coils of the actuator arrangement interact with respective magnets of a pair of first magnets that are separated from each other by the prism to cause the lower stage to tilt the prism about the first axis; and 
 an upper stage above the lower stage and configured to tilt about a second axis that is orthogonal to the first axis, wherein an underside of the upper stage at least partially defines a track for a set of ball bearings disposed between the underside of the upper stage and an upper portion of the lower stage. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The camera of  claim 1 , wherein the actuator arrangement is further configured to:
 translate the lens group along an axis to provide autofocus (AF) motion of the image on the image sensor, wherein the axis is orthogonal to the plurality of axes about which actuator arrangement tilts the prism. 
 
     
     
       3. The camera of  claim 2 , wherein the bearing suspension arrangement further comprises:
 a stage configured to move on ball bearings, wherein the stage suspends the lens group from the base structure and allows motion of the lens group enabled by the actuator arrangement. 
 
     
     
       4. The camera of  claim 1 , wherein the ball bearings comprise:
 a first set of ball bearings used for tilting the lower stage, together with the upper stage, about the first axis; and 
 a second set of ball bearings used for tilting the upper stage, relative to the lower stage, about the second axis. 
 
     
     
       5. The camera of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 a shield can that at least partially encases a top side of the camera, wherein, at the top side, the shield can defines a cutout; and 
 a cover, wherein the cutout is sized to accommodate the cover above the lens group, and wherein the cover comprises a lip that partially extends downward between the prism and the lens group. 
 
     
     
       6. The camera of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 a flex circuit, comprising:
 a plurality of bend portions at which the flex circuit is folded to wrap around at least a portion of the base structure; and 
 a plurality of straight portions, comprising:
 a first straight portion comprising a first inner surface located beside the upper stage; and 
 a second straight portion comprising a second inner surface located beneath the lower stage. 
 
 
 
     
     
       7. The camera of  claim 6 , wherein the respective coils are attached to the first inner surface of the first straight portion of the flex circuit, wherein another coil is attached to the second inner surface of the second straight portion of the flex circuit, and wherein the other coil is capable of electromagnetically interacting with another magnet to tilt the prism about the second axis. 
     
     
       8. A device, comprising:
 one or more processors; 
 memory storing program instructions executable by the one or more processors to control operations of a camera; 
 the camera, comprising:
 a folded optics arrangement to fold a path of light, the folded optics arrangement comprising:
 a prism; and 
 a lens group comprising one or more lens elements; 
 
 an image sensor to capture light that has passed through the prism and the lens group; 
 an actuator arrangement to tilt the prism about a plurality of axes to provide optical image stabilization (OIS) motion of an image on the image sensor; and 
 a bearing suspension arrangement comprising stages configured to move on ball bearings, such that the stages suspend the prism from a base structure and allow motion of the prism enabled by the actuator arrangement, wherein the stages comprise:
 a lower stage configured to tilt about a first axis, wherein respective coils of the actuator arrangement interact with respective magnets of a pair of first magnets that are separated from each other by the prism to cause the lower stage to tilt the prism about the first axis; and 
 an upper stage above the lower stage and configured to tilt about a second axis that is orthogonal to the first axis, wherein an underside of the upper stage at least partially defines a track for a set of ball bearings disposed between the underside of the upper stage and an upper portion of the lower stage. 
 
 
 
     
     
       9. The device of  claim 8 , wherein the actuator arrangement is further configured to:
 translate the lens group along an axis to provide autofocus (AF) motion of the image on the image sensor, wherein the axis is orthogonal to the plurality of axes about which actuator arrangement tilts the prism. 
 
     
     
       10. The device of  claim 9 , wherein the bearing suspension arrangement further comprises:
 a stage configured to move on ball bearings, wherein the stage suspends the lens group from the base structure and allows motion of the lens group enabled by the actuator arrangement. 
 
     
     
       11. The device of  claim 8 , wherein the ball bearings comprise:
 a first set of ball bearings used for tilting the lower stage, together with the upper stage, about the first axis; and 
 a second set of ball bearings used for tilting the upper stage, relative to the lower stage, about the second axis. 
 
     
     
       12. The device of  claim 11 , wherein:
 the lower stage is configured to rest on the first set of ball bearings; and 
 the upper stage is configured to rest on the second set of ball bearings. 
 
     
     
       13. The device of  claim 8 , wherein the camera further comprises:
 a shield can that at least partially encases a top side of the camera, wherein, at the top side, the shield can defines a cutout; and 
 a cover, wherein the cutout is sized to accommodate the cover above the lens group, and wherein the cover comprises a lip that partially extends downward between the prism and the lens group. 
 
     
     
       14. The device of  claim 8 , wherein the camera further comprises:
 a flex circuit, comprising:
 a plurality of bend portions at which the flex circuit is folded to wrap around at least a portion of the base structure; and 
 a plurality of straight portions, comprising:
 a first straight portion comprising a first inner surface located beside the upper stage; and 
 a second straight portion comprising a second inner surface located beneath the lower stage. 
 
 
 
     
     
       15. The device of  claim 14 , wherein the respective coils are attached to the first inner surface of the first straight portion of the flex circuit, wherein another coil is attached to the second inner surface of the second straight portion of the flex circuit, and wherein the other coil is capable of electromagnetically interacting with another magnet to tilt the prism about the second axis. 
     
     
       16. An optics system, comprising:
 a folded optics arrangement to fold a path of light, the folded optics arrangement comprising:
 a prism; and 
 a lens group comprising one or more lens elements that define an optical axis, wherein the lens group is configured to be positioned, in a direction parallel to the optical axis, between the prism and an image sensor for receiving light that has passed through the lens group; 
 
 an actuator arrangement to tilt the prism about a plurality of axes; and 
 a bearing suspension arrangement comprising stages configured to move on ball bearings, such that the stages suspend the prism from a base structure and allow motion of the prism enabled by the actuator arrangement, wherein the stages comprise:
 a lower stage configured to tilt about a first axis, wherein respective coils of the actuator arrangement interact with respective magnets of a pair of first magnets that are separated from each other by the prism to cause the lower stage to tilt the prism about the first axis; and 
 an upper stage above the lower stage and configured to tilt about a second axis that is orthogonal to the first axis, wherein an underside of the upper stage at least partially defines a track for a set of ball bearings disposed between the underside of the upper stage and an upper portion of the lower stage. 
 
 
     
     
       17. The optics system of  claim 16 , wherein the actuator arrangement is further configured to:
 translate the lens group in at least the direction parallel to the optical axis, wherein the optical axis is orthogonal to the plurality of axes about which actuator arrangement tilts the prism. 
 
     
     
       18. The optics system of  claim 16 , wherein the bearing suspension arrangement further comprises:
 a stage configured to move on ball bearings, wherein the stage suspends the lens group from the base structure and allows motion of the lens group enabled by the actuator arrangement. 
 
     
     
       19. The optics system of  claim 16 , wherein the optics system further comprises:
 a flex circuit, comprising:
 a plurality of bend portions at which the flex circuit is folded to wrap around at least a portion of the base structure; and 
 a plurality of straight portions, comprising:
 a first straight portion comprising a first inner surface located beside the upper stage; and 
 a second straight portion comprising a second inner surface located beneath the lower stage. 
 
 
 
     
     
       20. The optics system of  claim 19 , wherein the respective coils are attached to the first inner surface of the first straight portion of the flex circuit, wherein another coil is attached to the second inner surface of the second straight portion of the flex circuit, and wherein the other coil is capable of electromagnetically interacting with another magnet to tilt the prism about the second axis.

Description:
This application claims benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/982,543, entitled “Folded Optics Camera with Tilt Actuator,” filed Feb. 27, 2020, and which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Technical Field 
     This disclosure relates generally to architecture for a camera with folded optics and a tilt actuator. 
     Description of the Related Art 
     The advent of small, mobile multipurpose devices such as smartphones and tablet or pad devices has resulted in a need for high-resolution, small form factor cameras for integration in the devices. Some small form factor cameras may incorporate optical image stabilization (OIS) mechanisms that may sense and react to external excitation/disturbance by adjusting location of the optical lens on the X and/or Y axis in an attempt to compensate for unwanted motion of the lens. Some small form factor cameras may incorporate an autofocus (AF) mechanism whereby the object focal distance can be adjusted to focus an object plane in front of the camera at an image plane to be captured by the image sensor. In some such autofocus mechanisms, the optical lens is moved as a single rigid body along the optical axis of the camera to refocus the camera. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    illustrates a perspective view of an example folded optics arrangement that may be included in a camera configured with a tilt actuator, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  2    illustrates a perspective view of an example camera with folded optics and a tilt actuator, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  3    illustrates a perspective view of an example actuator arrangement that may be included in a camera with folded optics and a tilt actuator, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS.  4 A- 4 B  illustrate views of an example bearing suspension arrangement that may be included in a camera with folded optics and a tilt actuator, in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG.  4 A  shows a perspective view of the bearing suspension arrangement.  FIG.  4 B  shows a side cross-sectional view of the bearing suspension arrangement. 
         FIGS.  5 A- 5 B  illustrate views of an example voice coil motor (VCM) actuator arrangement on a flex circuit that may be included in a camera with folded optics and a tilt actuator, in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG.  5 A  shows the flex circuit in a flat state.  FIG.  5 B  shows the flex circuit arrangement in a folded state. 
         FIG.  6    illustrates an example system comprising a VCM actuator arrangement that may reduce magnetic interference with one or more other VCM actuators, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS.  7 A- 7 B  illustrate respective top views of respective example VCM actuator magnet-coil arrangements that may be used in a camera with folded optics and a tilt actuator, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS.  8 A- 8 D  illustrate respective perspective views of some example structural components that may be included in a camera with folded optics and a tilt actuator, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  9    illustrates a side cross-sectional view of an example camera with folded optics and a tilt actuator, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  10    illustrates a block diagram of an example portable multifunction device that may include a camera having folded optics and a tilt actuator, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  11    depicts an example portable multifunction device that may include a camera having folded optics and a tilt actuator, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  12    illustrates an example computer system that may include a camera having folded optics and a tilt actuator, in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     This specification includes references to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment.” The appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner consistent with this disclosure. 
     “Comprising.” This term is open-ended. As used in the appended claims, this term does not foreclose additional structure or steps. Consider a claim that recites: “An apparatus comprising one or more processor units . . . .” Such a claim does not foreclose the apparatus from including additional components (e.g., a network interface unit, graphics circuitry, etc.). 
     “Configured To.” Various units, circuits, or other components may be described or claimed as “configured to” perform a task or tasks. In such contexts, “configured to” is used to connote structure by indicating that the units/circuits/components include structure (e.g., circuitry) that performs those task or tasks during operation. As such, the unit/circuit/component can be said to be configured to perform the task even when the specified unit/circuit/component is not currently operational (e.g., is not on). The units/circuits/components used with the “configured to” language include hardware—for example, circuits, memory storing program instructions executable to implement the operation, etc. Reciting that a unit/circuit/component is “configured to” perform one or more tasks is expressly intended not to invoke 35 U.S.C. § 112, sixth paragraph, for that unit/circuit/component. Additionally, “configured to” can include generic structure (e.g., generic circuitry) that is manipulated by software and/or firmware (e.g., an FPGA or a general-purpose processor executing software) to operate in manner that is capable of performing the task(s) at issue. “Configure to” may also include adapting a manufacturing process (e.g., a semiconductor fabrication facility) to fabricate devices (e.g., integrated circuits) that are adapted to implement or perform one or more tasks. 
     “First,” “Second,” etc. As used herein, these terms are used as labels for nouns that they precede, and do not imply any type of ordering (e.g., spatial, temporal, logical, etc.). For example, a buffer circuit may be described herein as performing write operations for “first” and “second” values. The terms “first” and “second” do not necessarily imply that the first value must be written before the second value. 
     “Based On.” As used herein, this term is used to describe one or more factors that affect a determination. This term does not foreclose additional factors that may affect a determination. That is, a determination may be solely based on those factors or based, at least in part, on those factors. Consider the phrase “determine A based on B.” While in this case, B is a factor that affects the determination of A, such a phrase does not foreclose the determination of A from also being based on C. In other instances, A may be determined based solely on B. 
     It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first contact could be termed a second contact, and, similarly, a second contact could be termed a first contact, without departing from the intended scope. The first contact and the second contact are both contacts, but they are not the same contact. 
     The terminology used in the description herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     As used herein, the term “if” may be construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” may be construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event],” depending on the context. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Some embodiments include camera equipment outfitted with controls, magnets, and voice coil motors to improve the effectiveness of a miniature actuation mechanism for a compact camera module. More specifically, in some embodiments, compact camera modules include actuators to deliver functions such as autofocus (AF) and/or optical image stabilization (OIS). One approach to delivering a very compact actuator for AF and/or OIS is to use a voice coil motor (VCM) actuator. 
     Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that some embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments. 
     Described herein are embodiments of a camera with folded optics and a tilt actuator. The arrangements discussed throughout generally comprise one or more lenses positioned between a light path folding element and an image sensor. The light path folding element and/or the one or more lenses may be moveable to provide optical image stabilization (OIS) and/or autofocus (AF) during imaging.  FIG.  1    shows a generalized example of a camera  100  with a folded optics arrangement. The example X-Y-Z coordinate system shown in  FIG.  1    is used to discuss aspects of embodiments described throughout this disclosure. 
     In various embodiments, the camera  100  may include a light path folding element (e.g., prism  102 ), a lens group  104 , and an image sensor  106  (and/or an image sensor package). The lens group  104  may include one or more lens elements. In some embodiments, the lens group  104  may be located between the prism  102  and the image sensor  106 . The prism  102  and the lens group  104  may form a folded optics arrangement (e.g., a single fold optics arrangement as indicated in  FIG.  1   ) through which light passes before reaching the image sensor  106 . Light may follow an optical path  108  that is folded by prism  102  such that the light is directed towards the lens group  104 , passes through the lens group  104 , and then reaches the image sensor  106 . In some examples, light may enter an object side of the prism  102  along the Z-axis. The prism  102  may redirect the light to propagate along the X-axis (which may be parallel to an optical axis defined by the lens group  104 ), e.g., such that the light exits an lens group facing side of the prism  102  towards the lens group  104 . The light may pass through the lens group  104  and continue propagating along the X-axis towards the image sensor  106  (which may be vertically oriented, e.g., such that the image sensor  106  defines a plane that is orthogonal to the X-axis and/or the optical axis defined by the lens group  104 ). The prism  102 , the lens group  104 , and/or the image sensor  106  may be positioned along a common axis (e.g., the X-axis, the optical axis defined by the lens group  104 , etc.). According to some examples, the optical path  108  may be contained within a plane (e.g., the X-Z plane), and the image sensor  106  may extend along a different plane (e.g., the Y-Z plane). 
     In some embodiments, the object side of the prism  102  may extend along the X-Y plane. Furthermore, the prism  102  may include a pair of opposing lateral sides that each extend along the X-Z plane, a lens group facing side that extends along the Y-Z plane, and a reflecting surface side that is angled relative to one or more of the other sides of the prism  102 . For example, the reflecting surface side of the prism  102  may include a reflective surface that is angled so as to redirect light received from the object side of the prism  102  towards the lens group  104  (via the lens group facing side of the prism  102 ) and the image sensor  106 , as discussed above. 
     While the light path folding elements are shown in various figures as comprising prisms (e.g., the first prism  104  and the second prism  106 ), the camera systems and/or folded optics arrangements described herein may include any suitable light path folding element (e.g., a mirror or the like) or combination of elements. In some embodiments, one or more of the light path folding elements may also act as a lens element (or combination of lens elements). For example, one or more lens elements (e.g., other than those of the lens group  102 ) may be integrated with the first prism  104  (and/or the second prism  106 ) such that the prism acts as a lens element. Additionally, or alternatively, the first prism  104  (and/or the second prism  106 ) may be shaped such that the prism acts as a lens element. 
     In various embodiments, the prism  102  and/or the lens group  104  may be coupled with one or more actuators (e.g., as discussed herein with reference to at least  FIGS.  2 - 8 A and  9   ) configured to move the prism  102  and/or the lens group  104  to provide optical image stabilization (OIS) and/or autofocus (AF) functionality. For example, the prism  102  may be coupled with actuator(s) configured to tilt or otherwise move the prism  102 . As indicated in  FIG.  1   , in various embodiments the actuator(s) may be configured to tilt the prism  102  about multiple axes to provide OIS functionality. In some embodiments, the actuator(s) may tilt the prism  102  about the Z-axis (tilt indicated in  FIG.  1    as θ z ) to provide OIS-Y movement (e.g., movement that shifts the image projected onto the image sensor  106  in one or more directions parallel to the Y-axis). Additionally, or alternatively, the actuator(s) may tilt the prism  102  about the Y-axis (tilt indicated in  FIG.  1    as θ y ) to provide OIS-Z movement (e.g., movement that shifts the image projected onto the image sensor  106  in the Z-axis). In various embodiments, the actuator(s) may be configured to translate or otherwise move the lens group  104 . For example, the actuator(s) may linearly translate the lens group  104  along the X-axis (translation indicated in  FIG.  1    as Δ x ) to provide AF movement. 
       FIG.  2    illustrates a perspective view of an example camera  200  with folded optics and a tilt actuator. As will be discussed in further detail below, the camera  200  may include actuators that enable optical elements to move to provide OIS and/or AF functionality, e.g., as indicated with reference to the camera  100  in  FIG.  1   . 
     According to some embodiments, the camera  200  may include a prism  202 , a lens group  204  (which may include one or more lenses, e.g., within a lens barrel), and an image sensor  206  (and/or image sensor package). In various embodiments, the prism  202 , the lens group  204 , and the image sensor  206  may form a folded optics arrangement that may be similar to, or the same as, the folded optics arrangement formed by the prism  102 , the lens group  104 , and the image sensor  106 , respectively, in  FIG.  1   . 
     In various embodiments, the camera  200  may include a bearing suspension arrangement and/or an actuator arrangement that may be used for controlled movement of one or more light path folding elements (e.g., prism  202 ) and/or the lens group  204 . In some embodiments, the bearing suspension arrangement may include a base structure  208 , a Y stage  210 , a Z stage  212 , and/or an X stage  214 . The base structure  208  (and/or the image sensor  206 ) may be in a fixed position relative to movement of the Y stage  210 , a Z stage  212 , and/or an X stage  214 . The bearing suspension arrangement may be coupled with the prism  202  and/or the lens group  204 , and may allow the prism  202  and the lens group  204  to move in multiple directions relative to the image sensor  206 . For example, the prism  202  may be coupled with the Y stage  210  and the Z stage  212 , which may enable movement of the prism  202  in two degrees of freedom (2DOF). Additionally, or alternatively, the lens group  204  may be coupled with the X stage  214 , which may enable movement of the lens group  204  in one degree of freedom (1DOF). 
     In some embodiments, the Z stage  212  may rest on (or otherwise be disposed above) a floor portion of the base structure  208 , and may be configured to tilt (and/or rotate) about the Z-axis, e.g., via Z-tilt ball bearings disposed between the Z stage and the floor portion of the base structure  208 , as discussed in further detail herein with reference to  FIGS.  4 A- 4 B . According to some examples, the Z-axis tilt movement may be used to provide the OIS-Y movement previously mentioned with reference to  FIG.  1   . 
     In some embodiments, the Y stage  210  may rest on (or otherwise be disposed above) the Z stage  212 , and may be configured to tilt (and/or rotate) about the Y-axis, e.g., via Y-tilt ball bearings disposed between the Y stage  210  and the Z stage  212 , as discussed in further detail herein with reference to  FIGS.  4 A- 4 B . According to some embodiments, the Y-axis tilt movement may be used to provide the OIS-Z movement previously mentioned with reference to  FIG.  1   . Furthermore, in some embodiments, the Y stage  210  may be configured to tilt about the Z-axis together with the Z stage  212 , e.g., due to Z-axis tilt movement of the Z stage  212 . According to various embodiments, the prism  202  may be coupled to the Y stage  210 , e.g., such that the prism  202  moves together with the Y stage  212 . 
     In some embodiments, the X stage  214  may rest on (or otherwise be disposed above) a floor portion of the base structure  208 , and may be configured to translate along the X-axis, e.g., via X-translation ball bearings disposed between the X stage  214  and the floor portion of the base structure  208 , as discussed in further detail herein with reference to  FIGS.  4 A- 4 B . According to some embodiments, the X-axis translation movement may be used to provide the AF movement previously mentioned with reference to  FIG.  1   . In various embodiments, the lens group  204  may be coupled to the X stage  214 , e.g., such that the lens group  204  moves together with the X stage  214 . 
     In various embodiments, the actuator arrangement may provide for moving the prism  202  and/or the lens group  204  (e.g., via movement of the Y stage  210 , the Z stage  212 , and/or the X stage  214 , as described herein) to provide OIS and/or AF movement. In some embodiments, the actuator arrangement may comprise one or more voice coil motor (VCM) actuators. The VCM actuator(s) may include one or more magnets and one or more coils. The magnets and coils may magnetically interact (e.g., when electrical current is provided to the coils) to produce Lorentz forces that move the prism  202  and/or the lens group  204 , e.g., via controlled movement in directions allowed by the stages of the bearing suspension arrangement. 
     In some embodiments, the actuator arrangement may include an OIS-Z VCM actuator (e.g., to provide OIS-Z movement), an OIS-Y movement (e.g., to provide OIS-Y movement), and an AF actuator (e.g., to provide AF movement). For example, the OIS-Z VCM actuator may include one or more OIS-Z magnets  216  and one or more OIS-Z coils  218 , e.g., as indicated in  FIG.  2   . The OIS-Z magnet(s)  216  may be attached to the Y stage  210 . Furthermore, the OIS-Z coil(s)  218  may be coupled with the base structure  208  (e.g., at lateral side portion(s) of the base structure  208 ). In some embodiments, the OIS-Z coil(s)  218  may be attached to the base structure  208 . In some embodiments, the OIS-Z coil(s)  218  may be coupled with the base structure  208  via a flex circuit (e.g., the flex circuit  502  in  FIGS.  5 A- 5 B and  9   ). An OIS-Z magnet  216  and a corresponding OIS-Z coil  218  may be positioned proximate one another so that they magnetically interact with each other to tilt the prism  202  together with the Y stage  210  about Y-axis, to provide OIS-Z movement. 
     In some embodiments, the OIS-Y VCM actuator may include one or more OIS-Y magnets (e.g., OIS-Y magnets  302  in  FIG.  3   ) and one or more OIS-Y coils (e.g., OIS-Y coils  304  in  FIG.  3   ), e.g., below the prism  202  as indicated in  FIG.  3   . The OIS-Y magnet(s) may be attached to the Y stage  210  (e.g., a bottom portion and/or underside of the Y stage  210  that faces the floor portion of the base structure  208 ) and/or to the Z stage  212  (e.g., a bottom portion of the Z stage  212  that faces the floor portion of the base structure  208 ). Furthermore, the OIS-Y coil(s) may be coupled with the base structure  208  (e.g., a floor portion of the base structure  208 ). In some embodiments, the OIS-Y coil(s) may be attached to the floor portion of the base structure  208 . In some embodiments, the OIS-Y coil(s) may be coupled with the base structure  208  via a flex circuit (e.g., the flex circuit  502  in  FIGS.  5 A- 5 B and  9   ). An OIS-Y magnet and a corresponding OIS-Z coil may be positioned proximate one another so that they magnetically interact with each other to tilt the prism  202  together with the Z stage  212  and the Y stage  210  about Z-axis, to provide OIS-Y movement. 
     In some embodiments, the AF VCM actuator may include one or more AF magnets  220  and one or more AF magnets  222 , e.g., as indicated in  FIG.  2   . The AF magnet(s)  220  may be attached to the X stage  214 . Furthermore, the AF coil(s)  222  may be coupled with the base structure  208  (e.g., at lateral side portion(s) of the base structure  208 ). In some embodiments, the AF coil(s)  222  may be attached to the lateral side portion(s) of the base structure  208 . In some embodiments, the AF coil(s)  222  may be coupled with the base structure  208  via a flex circuit (e.g., the flex circuit  502  in  FIGS.  5 A- 5 B and  9   ). An AF magnet  220  and a corresponding AF coil  222  may be positioned proximate one another so that they magnetically interact with each other to translate the lens group  204  together with the X stage  214  along the X-axis, to provide AF movement. 
     In some embodiments, the camera  200  may include a position sensor arrangement that includes one or more position sensors  224  for position sensing with respect to OIS-Z movement, OIS-Y movement, and/or AF movement. The position sensor(s)  224  may be magnetic field sensors (e.g., Hall sensors, tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) sensors, giant magnetoresistance (GMR) sensors, etc.) in various embodiments. In some embodiments, a respective position sensor  224  may be located proximate each respective coil of the actuator arrangement. For example, each position sensor  224  may be encircled by a respective coil, as indicated in  FIGS.  2  and  5 A- 5 B . 
     In some embodiments, the base structure  208  may be configured to be packaged around an optical payload (e.g., the folded optics arrangement) on multiple sides. According to some embodiments, one or more other components may be coupled to the base structure  208 , such as a shield can (e.g., the shield can  802   a  in  FIG.  8 A , the shield can  802   b  in  FIGS.  8 B- 8 D , etc.), a substrate  226  coupled with the image sensor  206 , and/or a stiffener  228 , etc. The substrate  226  may be configured to hold or otherwise support the image sensor  206 . 
     In some embodiments, the camera  200  may include a cover plate  230  that covers at least a portion of the prism  202 . For example, the cover plate  230  may cover a portion of the object side of the prism  202  (the side through which light enters the prism  202 ). The cover plate  230  may define an aperture that allows light to pass through the cover plate  230  and enter the prism  202 . 
       FIG.  3    illustrates a perspective view of an example actuator arrangement that may be included in a camera  300  with folded optics and a tilt actuator. In some embodiments, the actuator arrangement and/or one or more other components of the camera  300  may be similar to, or the same as, the actuator arrangement and/or one or more other components of the camera  200  in  FIG.  2   . For example, the actuator arrangement may include the OIS-Z VCM actuator, the OIS-Y VCM actuator, and the AF VCM actuator discussed above with reference to  FIG.  2    in some embodiments. 
     According to some embodiments, the OIS-Z VCM actuator may include a first magnet-coil pair and a second magnet-coil pair at opposite sides of the prism  202 , e.g., between a respective side of the prism  202  and a respective lateral side of the base structure  208 . Each magnet-coil pair may include, e.g., an OIS-Z magnet  216  attached to a side of the Y stage  210 , and a corresponding OIS-Z coil  218  coupled with a corresponding lateral side of the base structure  208 . In some embodiments, at least a portion of the OIS-Z magnet  216  may be disposed within a recess defined by the Y stage  210 , e.g., as indicated in  FIG.  2   . In some embodiments, the OIS-Z magnet  216  may be a dual-pole magnet. However, the OIS-Z VCM actuator may additionally, or alternatively, include one or more other types of magnets (e.g., single-pole magnet(s)) in various embodiments. In some embodiments, each of the OIS-Z magnet  216  and the OIS-Z coil  218  may have a respective longest dimension that is parallel to the Z-axis. In some embodiments, the OIS-Z coil  218  may be oriented such that current flows through the coil in directions along a plane parallel to the X-Z plane. 
     According to some embodiments, the OIS-Y VCM actuator may include an OIS-Y magnet  302  and an OIS-Y coil  304  located below the prism  202 . In some embodiments, the OIS-Y magnet  302  may be attached to an underside of the Y stage  210  (e.g., see  FIG.  9   ), and the OIS-Y coil  304  may be coupled with the base structure  208  (e.g., at a floor portion of the base structure  208 ). In some embodiments, at least a portion of the OIS-Y magnet  302  may be disposed within a recess defined by the Y stage  210 , e.g., as indicated in  FIG.  9   . In some embodiments, the OIS-Y magnet  302  may be a dual-pole magnet. However, the OIS-Y VCM actuator may additionally, or alternatively, include one or more other types of magnets (e.g., sing-pole magnet(s)) in various embodiments. In some embodiments, each of the OIS-Y magnet  302  and the OIS-Y coil  304  may have a respective longest dimension that is parallel to the Y-axis. In some embodiments, the OIS-Y coil  304  may be oriented such that current flows through the coil in directions along a plane parallel to the X-Y plane. 
     In some embodiments, the AF VCM actuator may include a first magnet-coil pair and a second magnet-coil pair at opposite sides of the lens group  204 , e.g., between a respective side of the lens group  204  and a respective lateral side of the base structure  208 . Each magnet-coil pair may include, e.g., an AF magnet  220  attached to a side of the X stage  214 , and a corresponding AF coil  222  coupled with a corresponding lateral side of the base structure  208 . In some embodiments, at least a portion of the AF magnet  220  may be disposed within a recess defined by the X stage  214 , e.g., as indicated in  FIG.  2   . In some embodiments, the AF magnet  220  may be a dual-pole magnet. However, the AF VCM actuator may additionally, or alternatively, include one or more other types of magnets (e.g., single-pole magnet(s)) in various embodiments. In some embodiments, each of the AF magnet  220  and the AF coil  222  may have a respective longest dimension that is parallel to the Z-axis. In some embodiments, the AF coil  222  may be oriented such that current flows through the coil in directions along a plane parallel to the X-Z plane. 
     In various embodiments, the camera  300  may include one or more ferritic components (e.g., formed of iron, stainless steel, etc.) that may be used to preload one or more of the stages against one or more sets of ball bearings of a bearing suspension arrangement (e.g., the bearing suspension arrangements described herein with reference to at least  FIGS.  2  and  4 A- 4 B ). For example, a ferritic component  306  may be positioned below the OIS-Y magnet  302  to preload the Y stage  210  and/or the Z stage  212  against one or more ball bearings of the bearing suspension arrangement (e.g., Z-tilt ball bearings  402  and/or Y-tilt ball bearings  404  in  FIG.  4   ). In some embodiments, one or more ferritic components  308  may be positioned below the AF magnet(s)  220  to preload the X stage  214  against one or more ball bearings of the bearing suspension arrangement (e.g., the X-translation ball bearings  406  in  FIG.  4   ). 
       FIGS.  4 A- 4 B  illustrate views of an example bearing suspension arrangement that may be included in a camera  400  with folded optics and a tilt actuator.  FIG.  4 A  shows a perspective view of the bearing suspension arrangement.  FIG.  4 B  shows a side cross-sectional view of the bearing suspension arrangement. In some embodiments, the bearing suspension arrangement and/or one or more other components of the camera  400  may be similar to, or the same as, the bearing suspension arrangement and/or one or more other components of the camera  200  in  FIG.  2    and/or the camera  300  in  FIG.  3   . 
     In some embodiments, the bearing suspension arrangement may include the Y stage  210 , the Z stage  212 , and/or the X stage  214 . In some embodiments, the prism  202  may be coupled with the Y stage  210  and the Z stage  212 . Additionally, or alternatively, the lens group  204  may be coupled with the X stage  214 . 
     Furthermore, the bearing suspension arrangement may include one or more ball bearings (e.g., made of steel, ceramic, etc.). In some embodiments, the bearing suspension arrangement may include one or more Z-tilt ball bearings  402 , one or more Y-tilt ball bearings  404 , and/or one or more X-translation ball bearings  406 . 
     In some embodiments, the Z stage  212  may rest on (or otherwise be disposed above) a floor portion of the base structure  208 , and may be configured to tilt (and/or rotate) about the Z-axis, e.g., via Z-tilt ball bearings  402  disposed between the Z stage and the floor portion of the base structure  208 . According to some examples, the Z-axis tilt movement may be used to provide the OIS-Y movement previously mentioned with reference to  FIG.  1   . According to some embodiments, the Z-tilt ball bearings  402  may reside within a Z-tilt track  408  defined, e.g., by the Z stage  212  and/or the base structure  208 . As indicated in  FIG.  4 B , for example, an underside of the Z stage  212  may be shaped so as to define one or more grooves, recesses, pockets, etc., that at least partially form the Z-tilt track  408 . Additionally, or alternatively, a floor portion of the base structure  208  may be shaped so as to define one or more grooves, recesses, pockets, etc., that at least partially form the Z-tilt track  408 . In some embodiments, the Z-tilt ball bearings  402  may be disposed in a space of the Z-tilt track  408  that may be sized to accommodate the Z-tilt ball bearings  402  between the underside of the Z stage  212  and the floor portion of the base structure  208 . In various embodiments, the Z-tilt track  408  may be curved (e.g., forming a curve that follows a plane parallel to the X-Y plane) so that movement of the Z stage  212  on the Z-tilt ball bearings  402  along a path of motion allowed by the Z-tilt track  408  provides the Z-axis tilt movement of the Z-stage  212  (e.g., together with the Y stage  210  and the prism  202 ). In some embodiments, the Z-tilt track  408  may comprise multiple segments. For example, as indicated in  FIG.  4 A , the Z-tilt track  408  may comprise two segments that are opposite one another with respect to the prism  202 . In other embodiments, however, the Z-tilt track  408  may comprise a single contiguous track. 
     In some embodiments, the Y stage  210  may rest on (or otherwise be disposed above) the Z stage  212 , and may be configured to tilt (and/or rotate) about the Y-axis, e.g., via Y-tilt ball bearings  404  disposed between the Y stage  210  and the Z stage  212 . According to some embodiments, the Y-axis tilt movement may be used to provide the OIS-Z movement previously mentioned with reference to  FIG.  1   . According to some embodiments, the Y-tilt ball bearings  404  may reside within a Y-tilt track  410  defined, e.g., by the Y stage  210  and/or the Z stage  212 . As indicated in  FIGS.  4 A- 4 B , for example, an underside of the Y stage  210  may be shaped so as to define one or more grooves, recesses, pockets, etc., that at least partially form the Y-tilt track  410 . Additionally, or alternatively, an upper portion of the Z stage  212  may be shaped so as to define one or more grooves, recesses, pockets, etc., that at least partially form the Y-tilt track  410 . In some embodiments, the Y-tilt ball bearings  404  may be disposed in a space of the Y-tilt track  410  that may be sized to accommodate the Y-tilt ball bearings  404  between the underside of the Y stage  210  and the upper portion of the Z stage  212 . In various embodiments, the Y-tilt track  410  may be curved (e.g., forming a curve that follows a plane parallel to the X-Z plane) so that movement of the Y stage  210  on the Y-tilt ball bearings  404  along a path of motion allowed by the Y-tilt track  410  provides the Y-axis tilt movement of the Y stage  210  (e.g., together with the prism  202 ). In some embodiments, the Y-tilt track  410  may comprise multiple segments. For example, as indicated in  FIG.  4 A , the Y-tilt track  410  may comprise two segments that are opposite one another with respect to the prism  202 . In other embodiments, however, the Y-tilt track  410  may comprise a single contiguous track. 
     In some embodiments, the X stage  214  may rest on (or otherwise be disposed above) a floor portion of the base structure  208 , and may be configured to translate along the X-axis, e.g., via X-translation ball bearings  406  disposed between the X stage  214  and the floor portion of the base structure  208 . According to some embodiments, the X-axis translation movement may be used to provide the AF movement previously mentioned with reference to  FIG.  1   . In various embodiments, the lens group  204  may be coupled to the X stage  214 , e.g., such that the lens group  204  moves together with the X stage  214 . According to some embodiments, the X-translation ball bearing  406  may reside within an X-translation track  412  defined, e.g., by the X stage  214  and/or the base structure  208 . As indicated in  FIGS.  4 A and  5 B , for example, an underside of the X stage  214  may be shaped so as to define one or more grooves, recesses, pockets, etc., that at least partially form the X-translation track  412 . Additionally, or alternatively, a floor portion of the base structure  208  may be shaped so as to define one or more grooves, recesses, pockets, etc., that at least partially form the X-translation track  412 . In some embodiments, the X-translation ball bearings  406  may be disposed in a space of the X-translation track  412  that may be sized to accommodate the X-translation ball bearings  406  between the underside of the X stage  214  and the floor portion of the base structure  208 . In various embodiments, the X-translation track  412  may be straight (e.g., parallel to the X-axis) so that movement of the X stage  214  on the X-translation ball bearings  4046  along a path of motion allowed by the X-translation track  412  provides the X-axis translation movement of the X stage  214  (e.g., together with the lens group  204 ). In some embodiments, the X-translation track  412  may comprise multiple segments. For example, as indicated in  FIG.  4 A , the X-translation track  412  may comprise two segments that are opposite one another with respect to the lens group  204 . In other embodiments, however, the X-translation track  412  may comprise a single contiguous track. 
       FIGS.  5 A- 5 B  illustrate views of an example voice coil motor (VCM) actuator arrangement on a flex circuit  500  that may be included in a camera (e.g., as described herein with reference to  FIGS.  1 - 4 B and  6 - 9   ) with folded optics and a tilt actuator.  FIG.  5 A  shows the flex circuit  500   a  in a flat state.  FIG.  5 B  shows the flex circuit  500   b  in a folded state. In some instances, the flex circuit  500   b  may also be referred to herein as a folded flex circuit and/or a wrapped folded flex circuit. 
     In various embodiments, the VCM actuator arrangement and/or one or more other components may be mounted to, embedded (e.g., integrally formed), or otherwise arranged on the flex circuit  500 . In some non-limiting examples, such components may include the OIS-Z coil(s)  216 , the OIS-Y coil(s)  304 , the AF coil(s)  222 , the position sensor(s)  224 , one or more driver integrated circuits  502  for driving the VCM actuator arrangement, e.g., as indicated in  FIGS.  5 A- 5 B . 
     In some embodiments, the flex circuit  500  may include one or more straight portions  504  and one or more bend portions  506 . For example, the flex circuit  500  may include a first straight portion  504   a , a second straight portion  504   b , a third straight portion  504   c , and/or a fourth straight portion  504   d  in some embodiments. Additionally, or alternatively, the flex circuit  500  may include a first bend portion  506   a , a second bend portion  506   b , and/or a third bend portion  506   c , each of which may interconnect a respective pair of straight portions. For example, the first bend portion  506   a  may interconnect the first straight portion  504   a  with the second straight portion  504   b . The second bend portion  506   b  may interconnect the first straight portion  504   a  with the third straight portion  504   c . the third bend portion  506   c  may interconnect the first straight portion  504   a  with the fourth straight portion  504   d . In various embodiments, the bend portions  506  may comprise location at which the flex circuit  500   a  may be folded (e.g., in directions indicated by bend arrows  508 ) to form the folded flex circuit  500   b.    
     As indicated in  FIG.  5 B , the folded flex  500   b  may wrap around at least a portion of the base structure  208 . The base structure  208  may define one or more cutouts  510  through which at least a portion of one or more respective coils of the VCM actuator arrangement may be disposed, e.g., so that the folded flex  500   b  may be attached to an exterior of the base structure  208  with the coils positioned proximate the magnets of the VCM actuator arrangement (which may be positioned within an interior at least partially encompassed by the base structure  208 ) to enable magnetic interaction between the magnets and the coils. In some embodiments, the base structure  208  may define a cutout  512  configured to allow light to reach an image sensor (e.g., the image sensor  206  in  FIG.  2   ). 
       FIG.  6    illustrates an example system  600  comprising a VCM actuator arrangement  602  that may reduce magnetic interference with one or more other VCM actuators. In various embodiments, the VCM actuator arrangement  602  may be included in a camera (e.g., as described herein with reference to  FIGS.  1 - 5 B and  7 - 9   ) with folded optics and a tilt actuator. 
     In some embodiments, the system  600  may include the VCM actuator arrangement  602  (also referred to as the “first VCM actuator arrangement  602 ”), a second VCM actuator arrangement  604 , and/or a third VCM actuator arrangement  606 . The first VCM actuator arrangement  602  may be located proximate the second VCM actuator arrangement  604  and/or the third VCM actuator arrangement  606 , e.g., as indicated in  FIG.  6   . 
     According to various embodiments, the first VCM actuator arrangement  602  may arranged so as to reduce magnetic interaction between components of the first VCM actuator arrangement  602  and components of the second VCM actuator arrangement  604  and/or the third VCM actuator arrangement  606 . In some embodiments, a camera that includes the first VCM actuator arrangement  606  may further include a shunt plate  608  configured to reduce magnetic interaction between the first VCM actuator arrangement and the second VCM actuator arrangement  604  and/or the third VCM actuator arrangement  606 . In some embodiments, the shunt plate  608  may be attached to a shield can that at least partially covers the camera, e.g., as indicated in  FIG.  9   . In some examples, the shunt plate  608  may be disposed between the shield can and the base structure, and may extend along a plane that is parallel to the Y-Z plane. 
     In some non-limiting embodiments, the second VCM actuator arrangement  604  may include one or more corner magnets  610  and one or more position sensors  612 , e.g., as indicated in  FIG.  6   . Additionally, or alternatively, the third VCM actuator arrangement  606  may include one or more side magnets  614  and one or more position sensors  616 , e.g., as indicated in  FIG.  6   . 
       FIGS.  7 A- 7 B  illustrate respective top views of respective example VCM actuator magnet-coil arrangements  700  that may be used in a camera with folded optics and a tilt actuator, in accordance with some embodiments. The arrows traversing the magnets indicate a polarization orientation (e.g., with the arrows pointing to respective North polarities). 
     In  FIG.  7 A , the VCM actuator magnet-coil arrangement  700   a  may include two OIS-Z magnet-coil pairs (e.g., each comprising an OIS-Z magnet  216  and a corresponding OIS-Z coil  218 ) that are opposite one another with respect to the OIS-Y magnet-coil pair (e.g., comprising an OIS-Y magnet  302  and an OIS-Y coil  304 ) and/or a prism (not shown). In some embodiments, the two OIS-Z magnet-coil pairs may include a first OIS-Z magnet-coil pair having a polarity orientation indicated by arrows  702   a , and a second OIS-Z magnet-coil pair having a polarity orientation indicated by arrows  704   a . The polarity orientation indicated by arrows  704   a  may be opposite (or “flipped” relative to) the polarity orientation indicated by arrows  702   a.    
     Furthermore, the VC actuator magnet-coil arrangement  700   a  may include two AF magnet-coil pairs (e.g., each comprising an AF magnet  220  and a corresponding AF coil  222 ) that are opposite one another with respect to a lens group (not shown). In some embodiments, the two AF magnet-coil pairs may include a first AF magnet-coil pair having a polarity orientation indicated by arrows  706   a  (which may be the same as the polarity orientation indicated by arrows  702   a ), and a second AF magnet-coil pair having a polarity orientation indicated by arrows  708   a  (which may be the same as the polarity orientation indicated by arrows  704   a ). The polarity orientation indicated by arrows  704   a  may be opposite (or “flipped” relative to) the polarity orientation indicated by arrows  702   a.    
     In  FIG.  7 B , the VCM actuator magnet-coil arrangement  700   b  my have polarity orientations that are flipped relative to those of the VCM actuator magnet-coil arrangement  700   a  in  FIG.  7 A  in some embodiments. For example, the polarity orientations indicated by arrows  702   b ,  704   b ,  706   b , and  708   b  may be opposite the polarity orientations indicated by  702   a ,  704   a ,  706   a , and  708   a , respectively. 
       FIGS.  8 A- 8 D  illustrate respective perspective views of some example structural components that may be included in a camera  800  with folded optics and a tilt actuator. According to various embodiments, the camera  800  may include a shield can  802 , a moon roof cover  804 , the cover plate  230 , the stiffener  228 , and the substrate  226  coupled with the image sensor  206 , some or all of which may at least partially encompass the camera  800  and/or at least partially establish one or more sides of the camera  800 , e.g., as indicated in  FIGS.  8 A- 8 D . 
     In some embodiments, the shield can  802  may at least partially cover and/or establish a top side of the camera  800  along a plane that is parallel to the X-Y plane. At the top side, the shield can  802  may define a cutout sized to accommodate the moon roof cover  804  above the lens group  204  and/or a cutout sized to accommodate the cover plate  230  above the prism  202 . In some embodiments, one or more of such cutouts may be formed such that the prism  202  and the lens group  204  may be inserted into a VCM actuator module (e.g., manufactured and/or assembled at a different location than the prism  202  and/or the lens group  204 ) already within the shield can  802 , e.g., so as to couple the prism  202  and/or the lens group  204  with the VCM actuator module. In some embodiments, the shield can  800  may comprise one or more recessed portions that at least partially surround one or more of the cutouts, e.g., so that the moon roof  804  and/or the top plate  230  may be attached to the shield can along the recessed portion(s), e.g., via an adhesive. The recessed portions(s) may allow a top surface of the moon roof  804  and/or a top surface of the top plate  230  to be flush with (or otherwise nearly flush with) a top surface of the shield can  802  in various embodiments, e.g., to reduce a Z-axis dimension of the camera  800 . 
     In some embodiments, the camera  800   a  in  FIG.  8 A  may include a shield can  802   a  that is different (e.g., with respect to its attachment to the substrate  226 ) than a shield can  802   b  of the camera  800   b  in  FIGS.  8 B- 8 D . The camera  800   a  may include top and/or bottom anchors  806  that may mechanically attach the shield can  802   a  with the vertically-oriented substrate  226 , e.g., as indicated in  FIG.  8 A . The camera  800   b  may include top, bottom, and/or side anchors  806  that may mechanically attach the shield can  802   b  with the vertically-oriented substrate  226 , e.g., as indicated in  FIGS.  8 B- 8 D . The anchors  806  may comprise protrusions (e.g., tabs) of the shield can  802  configured to extend towards the substrate  226 . In some embodiments, the base structure  208  may include a vertically-oriented frame portion (e.g., with the cutout  512  described herein with reference to  FIG.  5 B ) that may include recesses through which the protrusions of the shield can  802  may extend. The substrate  226  may comprise pockets or one or more other structures that each correspond to a respective protrusion of the shield can  802 . The protrusions may be configured to latch onto the pockets to mechanically secure the substrate  226  to the shield can  802 . In some embodiments, the vertically-oriented frame portion of the base structure  208  may be sandwiched between the substrate  226  and at least a portion of the shield can  802 , e.g., as indicated in  FIG.  8 D . 
       FIG.  9    illustrates a side cross-sectional view of an example camera  900  with folded optics and a tilt actuator. An example light path  902  passing through the folded optics of the camera  900  is indicated in  FIG.  9   . In some embodiments, the camera  900  may include a vertically-oriented filter  904  (e.g., an infrared filter) that may also be coupled to the substrate  226 , e.g., such that the light path  902  passes through the filter  904  after passing through the lens group  204  and before reaching the image sensor  206 . 
     As indicated in  FIG.  9   , the moon roof  804  may include a lip portion  906  that may partially extend downwards between the prism  202  (and/or the top plate  230 ) and the lens group  204 . The lip portion  906  may be configured to reduce stray light that may reach the lens group  204  and/or the camera  900 . 
     Multifunction Device Examples 
     Embodiments of electronic devices, user interfaces for such devices, and associated processes for using such devices are described. In some embodiments, the device is a portable communications device, such as a mobile telephone, that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/or music player functions. Example embodiments of portable multifunction devices include, without limitation, the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. Other portable electronic devices, such as laptops, cameras, cell phones, or tablet computers, may also be used. It should also be understood that, in some embodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but is a desktop computer with a camera. In some embodiments, the device is a gaming computer with orientation sensors (e.g., orientation sensors in a gaming controller). In other embodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but is a camera. 
     In the discussion that follows, an electronic device that includes a display and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should be understood, however, that the electronic device may include one or more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physical keyboard, a mouse and/or a joystick. 
     The device typically supports a variety of applications, such as one or more of the following: a drawing application, a presentation application, a word processing application, a website creation application, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheet application, a gaming application, a telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, a workout support application, a photo management application, a digital camera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing application, a digital music player application, and/or a digital video player application. 
     The various applications that may be executed on the device may use at least one common physical user-interface device, such as the touch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitive surface as well as corresponding information displayed on the device may be adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physical architecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the device may support the variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and transparent to the user. 
     Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable devices with cameras.  FIG.  10    illustrates a block diagram of an example portable multifunction device  1000  that may include one or more cameras (e.g., the cameras described above with reference to  FIGS.  1 - 9   ), in accordance with some embodiments. Cameras  1064  are sometimes called “optical sensors” for convenience, and may also be known as or called an optical sensor system. Device  1000  may include memory  1002  (which may include one or more computer readable storage mediums), memory controller  1022 , one or more processing units (CPUs)  1020 , peripherals interface  1018 , RF circuitry  1008 , audio circuitry  1010 , speaker  1011 , touch-sensitive display system  1012 , microphone  1013 , input/output (I/O) subsystem  1006 , other input or control devices  1016 , and external port  1024 . Device  1000  may include multiple optical sensors  1064 . These components may communicate over one or more communication buses or signal lines  1003 . 
     It should be appreciated that device  1000  is only one example of a portable multifunction device, and that device  1000  may have more or fewer components than shown, may combine two or more components, or may have a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown in  FIG.  10    may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software, including one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits. 
     Memory  1002  may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Access to memory  1002  by other components of device  1000 , such as CPU  1020  and the peripherals interface  1018 , may be controlled by memory controller  1022 . 
     Peripherals interface  1018  can be used to couple input and output peripherals of the device to CPU  1020  and memory  1002 . The one or more processors  1020  run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in memory  1002  to perform various functions for device  1000  and to process data. 
     In some embodiments, peripherals interface  1018 , CPU  1020 , and memory controller  1022  may be implemented on a single chip, such as chip  1004 . In some other embodiments, they may be implemented on separate chips. 
     RF (radio frequency) circuitry  1008  receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  1008  converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  1008  may include well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RF circuitry  1008  may communicate with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The wireless communication may use any of a variety of communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), high-speed uplink packet access (HSDPA), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document. 
     Audio circuitry  1010 , speaker  1011 , and microphone  1013  provide an audio interface between a user and device  1000 . Audio circuitry  1010  receives audio data from peripherals interface  1018 , converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to speaker  1011 . Speaker  1011  converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves. Audio circuitry  1010  also receives electrical signals converted by microphone  1013  from sound waves. Audio circuitry  1010  converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to peripherals interface  1018  for processing. Audio data may be retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory  1002  and/or RF circuitry  1008  by peripherals interface  1018 . In some embodiments, audio circuitry  1010  also includes a headset jack (e.g.,  1112 ,  FIG.  11   ). The headset jack provides an interface between audio circuitry  1010  and removable audio input/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headset with both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input (e.g., a microphone). 
     I/O subsystem  1006  couples input/output peripherals on device  1000 , such as touch screen  1012  and other input control devices  1016 , to peripherals interface  1018 . I/O subsystem  1006  may include display controller  1056  and one or more input controllers  1060  for other input or control devices. The one or more input controllers  1060  receive/send electrical signals from/to other input or control devices  1016 . The other input control devices  1016  may include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s)  1060  may be coupled to any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, infrared port, USB port, and a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g.,  1108 ,  FIG.  11   ) may include an up/down button for volume control of speaker  1011  and/or microphone  1013 . The one or more buttons may include a push button (e.g.,  1106 ,  FIG.  11   ). 
     Touch-sensitive display  1012  provides an input interface and an output interface between the device and a user. Display controller  1056  receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to touch screen  1012 . Touch screen  1012  displays visual output to the user. The visual output may include graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all of the visual output may correspond to user-interface objects. 
     Touch screen  1012  has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor or set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact. Touch screen  1012  and display controller  1056  (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory  1002 ) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on touch screen  1012  and converts the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages or images) that are displayed on touch screen  1012 . In an example embodiment, a point of contact between touch screen  1012  and the user corresponds to a finger of the user. 
     Touch screen  1012  may use LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED (light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologies may be used in other embodiments. Touch screen  1012  and display controller  1056  may detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of a variety of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with touch screen  1012 . In an example embodiment, projected mutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. 
     Touch screen  1012  may have a video resolution in excess of 800 dpi. In some embodiments, the touch screen has a video resolution of approximately 860 dpi. The user may make contact with touch screen  1012  using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to work primarily with finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired by the user. 
     In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, device  1000  may include a touchpad (not shown) for activating or deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output. The touchpad may be a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from touch screen  1012  or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen. 
     Device  1000  also includes power system  1062  for powering the various components. Power system  1062  may include a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices. 
     Device  1000  may also include one or more optical sensors or cameras  1064 .  FIG.  10    shows an optical sensor  1064  coupled to optical sensor controller  1058  in I/O subsystem  1006 . Optical sensor  1064  may include charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistors. Optical sensor  1064  receives light from the environment, projected through one or more lens, and converts the light to data representing an image. In conjunction with imaging module  1043  (also called a camera module), optical sensor  1064  may capture still images or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensor  1064  is located on the back of device  1000 , opposite touch screen display  1012  on the front of the device, so that the touch screen display  1012  may be used as a viewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition. In some embodiments, another optical sensor is located on the front of the device so that the user&#39;s image may be obtained for videoconferencing while the user views the other video conference participants on the touch screen display. 
     Device  1000  may also include one or more proximity sensors  1066 .  FIG.  10    shows proximity sensor  1066  coupled to peripherals interface  1018 . Alternately, proximity sensor  1066  may be coupled to input controller  1060  in I/O subsystem  1006 . In some embodiments, the proximity sensor  1066  turns off and disables touch screen  1012  when the multifunction device  1000  is placed near the user&#39;s ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call). 
     Device  1000  includes one or more orientation sensors  1068 . In some embodiments, the one or more orientation sensors  1068  include one or more accelerometers (e.g., one or more linear accelerometers and/or one or more rotational accelerometers). In some embodiments, the one or more orientation sensors  1068  include one or more gyroscopes. In some embodiments, the one or more orientation sensors  1068  include one or more magnetometers. In some embodiments, the one or more orientation sensors  1068  include one or more of global positioning system (GPS), Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), and/or other global navigation system receivers. The GPS, GLONASS, and/or other global navigation system receivers may be used for obtaining information concerning the location and orientation (e.g., portrait or landscape) of device  1000 . In some embodiments, the one or more orientation sensors  1068  include any combination of orientation/rotation sensors.  FIG.  10    shows the one or more orientation sensors  1068  coupled to peripherals interface  1018 . Alternately, the one or more orientation sensors  1068  may be coupled to an input controller  1060  in I/O subsystem  1006 . In some embodiments, information is displayed on the touch screen display  1012  in a portrait view or a landscape view based on an analysis of data received from the one or more orientation sensors  1068 . 
     In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory  1002  include operating system  1026 , communication module (or set of instructions)  1028 , contact/motion module (or set of instructions)  1030 , graphics module (or set of instructions)  1032 , text input module (or set of instructions)  1034 , Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set of instructions)  1035 , arbiter module  1058  and applications (or sets of instructions)  1036 . Furthermore, in some embodiments memory  1002  stores device/global internal state  1057 . Device/global internal state  1057  includes one or more of: active application state, indicating which applications, if any, are currently active; display state, indicating what applications, views or other information occupy various regions of touch screen display  1012 ; sensor state, including information obtained from the device&#39;s various sensors and input control devices  1016 ; and location information concerning the device&#39;s location and/or attitude. 
     Operating system  1026  (e.g., Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components. 
     Communication module  1028  facilitates communication with other devices over one or more external ports  1024  and also includes various software components for handling data received by RF circuitry  1008  and/or external port  1024 . External port  1024  (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connector. 
     Contact/motion module  1030  may detect contact with touch screen  1012  (in conjunction with display controller  1056 ) and other touch sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). Contact/motion module  1030  includes various software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact, such as determining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-down event), determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact). Contact/motion module  1030  receives contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which is represented by a series of contact data, may include determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. These operations may be applied to single contacts (e.g., one finger contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g., “multitouch”/multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments, contact/motion module  1030  and di splay controller  1056  detect contact on a touchpad. 
     Contact/motion module  1030  may detect a gesture input by a user. Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contact patterns. Thus, a gesture may be detected by detecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a finger tap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event at the same position (or substantially the same position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequently followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event. 
     Graphics module  1032  includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics on touch screen  1012  or other display, including components for changing the intensity of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics” includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including without limitation text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations and the like. 
     In some embodiments, graphics module  1032  stores data representing graphics to be used. Each graphic may be assigned a corresponding code. Graphics module  1032  receives, from applications etc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with, if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and then generates screen image data to output to display controller  1056 . 
     Text input module  1034 , which may be a component of graphics module  1032 , provides soft keyboards for entering text in various applications (e.g., contacts  10310 , e-mail  1040 , IM  1041 , browser  1047 , and any other application that needs text input). 
     GPS module  1035  determines the location of the device and provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone  1038  for use in location-based dialing, to camera  1043  as picture/video metadata, and to applications that provide location-based services such as weather widgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets). 
     Applications  1036  may include the following modules (or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof:
         contacts module  1037  (sometimes called an address book or contact list);   telephone module  1038 ;   video conferencing module  1039 ;   e-mail client module  1040 ;   instant messaging (IM) module  1041 ;   workout support module  1042 ;   camera module  1043  for still and/or video images;   image management module  1044 ;   browser module  1047 ;   calendar module  1048 ;   widget modules  1049 , which may include one or more of: weather widget  1049 - 1 , stocks widget  1049 - 2 , calculator widget  1049 - 3 , alarm clock widget  1049 - 4 , dictionary widget  1049 - 5 , and other widgets obtained by the user, as well as user-created widgets  1049 - 6 ;   widget creator module  1050  for making user-created widgets  1049 - 6 ;   search module  1051 ;   video and music player module  1052 , which may be made up of a video player module and a music player module;   notes module  1053 ;   map module  1054 ; and/or online video module  1055 .       

     Examples of other applications  1036  that may be stored in memory  1002  include other word processing applications, other image editing applications, drawing applications, presentation applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice replication. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  1012 , display controller  1056 , contact module  1030 , graphics module  1032 , and text input module  1034 , contacts module  1037  may be used to manage an address book or contact list (e.g., stored in application internal state  1057 ), including: adding name(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book; associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or other information with a name; associating an image with a name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers or e-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications by telephone  1038 , video conference  1039 , e-mail  1040 , or IM  1041 ; and so forth. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  1008 , audio circuitry  1010 , speaker  1011 , microphone  1013 , touch screen  1012 , display controller  1056 , contact module  1030 , graphics module  1032 , and text input module  1034 , telephone module  1038  may be used to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers in address book  1037 , modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation and disconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As noted above, the wireless communication may use any of a variety of communications standards, protocols and technologies. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  1008 , audio circuitry  1010 , speaker  1011 , microphone  1013 , touch screen  1012 , display controller  1056 , optical sensor  1064 , optical sensor controller  1058 , contact module  1030 , graphics module  1032 , text input module  1034 , contact list  1037 , and telephone module  1038 , videoconferencing module  1039  includes executable instructions to initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user and one or more other participants in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  1008 , touch screen  1012 , display controller  1056 , contact module  1030 , graphics module  1032 , and text input module  1034 , e-mail client module  1040  includes executable instructions to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response to user instructions. In conjunction with image management module  1044 , e-mail client module  1040  makes it very easy to create and send e-mails with still or video images taken with camera module  1043 . 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  1008 , touch screen  1012 , display controller  1056 , contact module  1030 , graphics module  1032 , and text input module  1034 , the instant messaging module  1041  includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to an instant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit a respective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service (SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-based instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS for Internet-based instant messages), to receive instant messages and to view received instant messages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or received instant messages may include graphics, photos, audio files, video files and/or other attachments as are supported in a MMS and/or an Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging” refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  1008 , touch screen  1012 , display controller  1056 , contact module  1030 , graphics module  1032 , text input module  1034 , GPS module  1035 , map module  1054 , and music player module  1046 , workout support module  1042  includes executable instructions to create workouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burning goals); communicate with workout sensors (sports devices); receive workout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout; select and play music for a workout; and display, store and transmit workout data. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  1012 , display controller  1056 , optical sensor(s)  1064 , optical sensor controller  1058 , contact module  1030 , graphics module  1032 , and image management module  1044 , camera module  1043  includes executable instructions to capture still images or video (including a video stream) and store them into memory  1002 , modify characteristics of a still image or video, or delete a still image or video from memory  1002 . 
     In conjunction with touch screen  1012 , display controller  1056 , contact module  1030 , graphics module  1032 , text input module  1034 , and camera module  1043 , image management module  1044  includes executable instructions to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/or video images. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  1008 , touch screen  1012 , display system controller  1056 , contact module  1030 , graphics module  1032 , and text input module  1034 , browser module  1047  includes executable instructions to browse the Internet in accordance with user instructions, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portions thereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  1008 , touch screen  1012 , display system controller  1056 , contact module  1030 , graphics module  1032 , text input module  1034 , e-mail client module  1040 , and browser module  1047 , calendar module  1048  includes executable instructions to create, display, modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendar entries, to do lists, etc.) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  1008 , touch screen  1012 , display system controller  1056 , contact module  1030 , graphics module  1032 , text input module  1034 , and browser module  1047 , widget modules  1049  are mini-applications that may be downloaded and used by a user (e.g., weather widget  549 - 1 , stocks widget  549 - 2 , calculator widget  1049 - 3 , alarm clock widget  1049 - 4 , and dictionary widget  1049 - 5 ) or created by the user (e.g., user-created widget  1049 - 6 ). In some embodiments, a widget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In some embodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  1008 , touch screen  1012 , display system controller  1056 , contact module  1030 , graphics module  1032 , text input module  1034 , and browser module  1047 , the widget creator module  1050  may be used by a user to create widgets (e.g., turning a user-specified portion of a web page into a widget). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  1012 , display system controller  1056 , contact module  1030 , graphics module  1032 , and text input module  1034 , search module  1051  includes executable instructions to search for text, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory  1002  that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  1012 , display system controller  1056 , contact module  1030 , graphics module  1032 , audio circuitry  1010 , speaker  1011 , RF circuitry  1008 , and browser module  1047 , video and music player module  1052  includes executable instructions that allow the user to download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, and executable instructions to display, present or otherwise play back videos (e.g., on touch screen  1012  or on an external, connected display via external port  1024 ). In some embodiments, device  1000  may include the functionality of an MP3 player. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  1012 , display controller  1056 , contact module  1030 , graphics module  1032 , and text input module  1034 , notes module  1053  includes executable instructions to create and manage notes, to do lists, and the like in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  1008 , touch screen  1012 , display system controller  1056 , contact module  1030 , graphics module  1032 , text input module  1034 , GPS module  1035 , and browser module  1047 , map module  1054  may be used to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data associated with maps (e.g., driving directions; data on stores and other points of interest at or near a particular location; and other location-based data) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  1012 , display system controller  1056 , contact module  1030 , graphics module  1032 , audio circuitry  1010 , speaker  1011 , RF circuitry  1008 , text input module  1034 , e-mail client module  1040 , and browser module  1047 , online video module  1055  includes instructions that allow the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen or on an external, connected display via external port  1024 ), send an e-mail with a link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats, such as H.264. In some embodiments, instant messaging module  1041 , rather than e-mail client module  1040 , is used to send a link to a particular online video. 
     Each of the above identified modules and applications correspond to a set of executable instructions for performing one or more functions described above and the methods described in this application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods described herein). These modules (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  1002  may store a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  1002  may store additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     In some embodiments, device  1000  is a device where operation of a predefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/or a touchpad as the primary input control device for operation of device  1000 , the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) on device  1000  may be reduced. 
     The predefined set of functions that may be performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad include navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by the user, navigates device  1000  to a main, home, or root menu from any user interface that may be displayed on device  1000 . In such embodiments, the touchpad may be referred to as a “menu button.” In some other embodiments, the menu button may be a physical push button or other physical input control device instead of a touchpad. 
       FIG.  11    depicts illustrates an example portable multifunction device  1000  that may include one or more cameras (e.g., the cameras described above with reference to  FIGS.  1 - 9   ), in accordance with some embodiments. The device  1000  may have a touch screen  1012 . The touch screen  1012  may display one or more graphics within user interface (UI)  1100 . In this embodiment, as well as others described below, a user may select one or more of the graphics by making a gesture on the graphics, for example, with one or more fingers  1102  (not drawn to scale in the figure) or one or more styluses  1103  (not drawn to scale in the figure). 
     Device  1000  may also include one or more physical buttons, such as “home” or menu button  1104 . As described previously, menu button  1104  may be used to navigate to any application  1036  in a set of applications that may be executed on device  1000 . Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button  1104  is implemented as a soft key in a GUI displayed on touch screen  1012 . 
     In one embodiment, device  1000  includes touch screen  1012 , menu button  1104 , push button  1106  for powering the device on/off and locking the device, volume adjustment button(s)  1108 , Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card slot  1110 , head set jack  1112 , and docking/charging external port  1124 . Push button  1106  may be used to turn the power on/off on the device by depressing the button and holding the button in the depressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by depressing the button and releasing the button before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an unlock process. In an alternative embodiment, device  1000  also may accept verbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions through microphone  1013 . 
     It should be noted that, although many of the examples herein are given with reference to optical sensor(s)/camera(s)  1064  (on the front of a device), one or more rear-facing cameras or optical sensors that are pointed opposite from the display may be used instead of, or in addition to, an optical sensor(s)/camera(s)  1064  on the front of a device. 
     Example Computer System 
       FIG.  12    illustrates an example computer system  1200  that may include one or more cameras (e.g., the cameras described above with reference to  FIGS.  1 - 9   ), according to some embodiments. The computer system  1200  may be configured to execute any or all of the embodiments described above. In different embodiments, computer system  1200  may be any of various types of devices, including, but not limited to, a personal computer system, desktop computer, laptop, notebook, tablet, slate, pad, or netbook computer, mainframe computer system, handheld computer, workstation, network computer, a camera, a set top box, a mobile device, a consumer device, video game console, handheld video game device, application server, storage device, a television, a video recording device, a peripheral device such as a switch, modem, router, or in general any type of computing or electronic device. 
     Various embodiments of a camera motion control system as described herein, including embodiments of magnetic position sensing, as described herein may be executed in one or more computer systems  1200 , which may interact with various other devices. Note that any component, action, or functionality described above with respect to  FIGS.  1 - 11    may be implemented on one or more computers configured as computer system  1200  of  FIG.  12   , according to various embodiments. In the illustrated embodiment, computer system  1200  includes one or more processors  1210  coupled to a system memory  1220  via an input/output (I/O) interface  1230 . Computer system  1200  further includes a network interface  1240  coupled to I/O interface  1230 , and one or more input/output devices  1250 , such as cursor control device  1260 , keyboard  1270 , and display(s)  1280 . In some cases, it is contemplated that embodiments may be implemented using a single instance of computer system  1200 , while in other embodiments multiple such systems, or multiple nodes making up computer system  1200 , may be configured to host different portions or instances of embodiments. For example, in one embodiment some elements may be implemented via one or more nodes of computer system  1200  that are distinct from those nodes implementing other elements. 
     In various embodiments, computer system  1200  may be a uniprocessor system including one processor  1210 , or a multiprocessor system including several processors  1210  (e.g., two, four, eight, or another suitable number). Processors  1210  may be any suitable processor capable of executing instructions. For example, in various embodiments processors  1210  may be general-purpose or embedded processors implementing any of a variety of instruction set architectures (ISAs), such as the x86, PowerPC, SPARC, or MIPS ISAs, or any other suitable ISA. In multiprocessor systems, each of processors  1210  may commonly, but not necessarily, implement the same ISA. 
     System memory  1220  may be configured to store camera control program instructions  1222  and/or camera control data accessible by processor  1210 . In various embodiments, system memory  1220  may be implemented using any suitable memory technology, such as static random access memory (SRAM), synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM), nonvolatile/Flash-type memory, or any other type of memory. In the illustrated embodiment, program instructions  1222  may be configured to implement a lens control application  1224  incorporating any of the functionality described above. Additionally, existing camera control data  1232  of memory  1220  may include any of the information or data structures described above. In some embodiments, program instructions and/or data may be received, sent or stored upon different types of computer-accessible media or on similar media separate from system memory  1220  or computer system  1200 . While computer system  1200  is described as implementing the functionality of functional blocks of previous Figures, any of the functionality described herein may be implemented via such a computer system. 
     In one embodiment, I/O interface  1230  may be configured to coordinate I/O traffic between processor  1210 , system memory  1220 , and any peripheral devices in the device, including network interface  1240  or other peripheral interfaces, such as input/output devices  1250 . In some embodiments, I/O interface  1230  may perform any necessary protocol, timing or other data transformations to convert data signals from one component (e.g., system memory  1220 ) into a format suitable for use by another component (e.g., processor  1210 ). In some embodiments, I/O interface  1230  may include support for devices attached through various types of peripheral buses, such as a variant of the Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus standard or the Universal Serial Bus (USB) standard, for example. In some embodiments, the function of I/O interface  1230  may be split into two or more separate components, such as a north bridge and a south bridge, for example. Also, in some embodiments some or all of the functionality of I/O interface  1230 , such as an interface to system memory  1220 , may be incorporated directly into processor  1210 . 
     Network interface  1240  may be configured to allow data to be exchanged between computer system  1200  and other devices attached to a network  1285  (e.g., carrier or agent devices) or between nodes of computer system  1200 . Network  1285  may in various embodiments include one or more networks including but not limited to Local Area Networks (LANs) (e.g., an Ethernet or corporate network), Wide Area Networks (WANs) (e.g., the Internet), wireless data networks, some other electronic data network, or some combination thereof. In various embodiments, network interface  1240  may support communication via wired or wireless general data networks, such as any suitable type of Ethernet network, for example; via telecommunications/telephony networks such as analog voice networks or digital fiber communications networks; via storage area networks such as Fibre Channel SANs, or via any other suitable type of network and/or protocol. 
     Input/output devices  1250  may, in some embodiments, include one or more display terminals, keyboards, keypads, touchpads, scanning devices, voice or optical recognition devices, or any other devices suitable for entering or accessing data by one or more computer systems  1200 . Multiple input/output devices  1250  may be present in computer system  1200  or may be distributed on various nodes of computer system  1200 . In some embodiments, similar input/output devices may be separate from computer system  1200  and may interact with one or more nodes of computer system  1200  through a wired or wireless connection, such as over network interface  1240 . 
     As shown in  FIG.  12   , memory  1220  may include program instructions  1222 , which may be processor-executable to implement any element or action described above. In one embodiment, the program instructions may implement the methods described above. In other embodiments, different elements and data may be included. Note that data may include any data or information described above. 
     Those skilled in the art will appreciate that computer system  1200  is merely illustrative and is not intended to limit the scope of embodiments. In particular, the computer system and devices may include any combination of hardware or software that can perform the indicated functions, including computers, network devices, Internet appliances, PDAs, wireless phones, pagers, etc. Computer system  1200  may also be connected to other devices that are not illustrated, or instead may operate as a stand-alone system. In addition, the functionality provided by the illustrated components may in some embodiments be combined in fewer components or distributed in additional components. Similarly, in some embodiments, the functionality of some of the illustrated components may not be provided and/or other additional functionality may be available. 
     Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that, while various items are illustrated as being stored in memory or on storage while being used, these items or portions of them may be transferred between memory and other storage devices for purposes of memory management and data integrity. Alternatively, in other embodiments some or all of the software components may execute in memory on another device and communicate with the illustrated computer system via inter-computer communication. Some or all of the system components or data structures may also be stored (e.g., as instructions or structured data) on a computer-accessible medium or a portable article to be read by an appropriate drive, various examples of which are described above. In some embodiments, instructions stored on a computer-accessible medium separate from computer system  1200  may be transmitted to computer system  1200  via transmission media or signals such as electrical, electromagnetic, or digital signals, conveyed via a communication medium such as a network and/or a wireless link. Various embodiments may further include receiving, sending or storing instructions and/or data implemented in accordance with the foregoing description upon a computer-accessible medium. Generally speaking, a computer-accessible medium may include a non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium or memory medium such as magnetic or optical media, e.g., disk or DVD/CD-ROM, volatile or non-volatile media such as RAM (e.g. SDRAM, DDR, RDRAM, SRAM, etc.), ROM, etc. In some embodiments, a computer-accessible medium may include transmission media or signals such as electrical, electromagnetic, or digital signals, conveyed via a communication medium such as network and/or a wireless link. 
     The methods described herein may be implemented in software, hardware, or a combination thereof, in different embodiments. In addition, the order of the blocks of the methods may be changed, and various elements may be added, reordered, combined, omitted, modified, etc. Various modifications and changes may be made as would be obvious to a person skilled in the art having the benefit of this disclosure. The various embodiments described herein are meant to be illustrative and not limiting. Many variations, modifications, additions, and improvements are possible. Accordingly, plural instances may be provided for components described herein as a single instance. Boundaries between various components, operations and data stores are somewhat arbitrary, and particular operations are illustrated in the context of specific illustrative configurations. 
     Other allocations of functionality are envisioned and may fall within the scope of claims that follow. Finally, structures and functionality presented as discrete components in the example configurations may be implemented as a combined structure or component. These and other variations, modifications, additions, and improvements may fall within the scope of embodiments as defined in the claims that follow.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20210226
Publication Date: 20230919
Grant Date: 20230919
Priority Date: 20200227
Inventors: OUYANG, Jian
SMYTH, NICHOLAS D.
MILLER, SCOTT W.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G02B27/646", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B26/0816", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B13/0065", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B7/1828", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B26/0816", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B13/0065", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B27/646", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B7/1828", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B27/646", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B7/1828", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B13/0065", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G02B26/0816", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 88067842