PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-9400576-B2
Application Number: US-201113186238-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Touch sensor arrangements for organic light-emitting diode displays

Abstract:
Displays such as organic light-emitting diode displays may be provided with touch sensing capabilities. A touch sensor may be formed from electrodes located on a thin-film encapsulation layer or one or more sides of a polarizer. A single-sided or double-sided touch sensor panel may be attached to the upper or lower surface of a polarizer. Control circuitry may be used to provide control signals to light-emitting diodes in the display using a grid of control lines. The control lines and transparent electrode structures such as indium tin oxide structures formed on a thin-film encapsulation layer or polarizer may be used as electrodes for a touch sensor. Displays may have active regions and inactive peripheral portions. The displays may have edge portions that are bent along a bend axis that is within the active region to form a borderless display. Virtual buttons may be formed on the bent edge portions.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A display, comprising:
 an array of organic light-emitting diodes; 
 a thin-film encapsulation layer that encapsulates the organic light-emitting diodes; 
 capacitive touch sensor electrodes on the thin-film encapsulation layer; 
 control lines that convey touch sensor signals, wherein the thin-film encapsulation layer is interposed between the capacitive touch sensor electrodes and the control lines; and 
 a patterned black masking layer having clear openings that are aligned with the array of organic light-emitting diodes, wherein the capacitive touch sensor electrodes comprise a grid of conductive lines and wherein the conductive lines are covered by the patterned black masking layer. 
 
     
     
       2. The display defined in  claim 1  wherein the conductive lines are patterned to form diamond-shaped electrode pads, wherein at least some of the diamond-shaped electrode paths are connected together to form the capacitive touch sensor electrodes. 
     
     
       3. The display defined in  claim 1  wherein the conductive lines comprise metal lines. 
     
     
       4. The display defined in  claim 1  further comprising:
 a polarizer; and 
 a layer of adhesive between the polarizer and the capacitive touch sensor electrodes. 
 
     
     
       5. The display defined in  claim 4  wherein the capacitive touch sensor electrodes comprise patterned transparent conductive structures on the thin-film encapsulation layer that are covered by the layer of adhesive. 
     
     
       6. The display defined in  claim 5  wherein the control lines are coupled to the organic light-emitting diodes, the display further comprising:
 display and touch sensor control circuitry that is configured to generate control signals that are conveyed over the control lines to the light-emitting diodes and that is configured to gather touch sensor capacitance signals from the patterned transparent conductive structures on the thin-film encapsulation layer and from at least some of the control lines. 
 
     
     
       7. The display defined in  claim 1  wherein the capacitive touch sensor electrodes are deposited directly on a surface of the thin-film encapsulation layer. 
     
     
       8. A display, comprising:
 an array of organic light-emitting diodes; 
 a thin-film encapsulation layer that encapsulates the organic light-emitting diodes; 
 capacitive touch sensor electrodes on the thin-film encapsulation layer; 
 a polarizer; 
 a layer of adhesive between the polarizer and the capacitive touch sensor electrodes, wherein the capacitive touch sensor electrodes comprise patterned transparent conductive structures on the thin-film encapsulation layer that are covered by the layer of adhesive; 
 control lines that are coupled to the organic light-emitting diodes; and 
 display and touch sensor control circuitry that is configured to generate control signals that are conveyed over the control lines to the light-emitting diodes and that is configured to gather touch sensor capacitance signals from the patterned transparent conductive structures on the thin-film encapsulation layer and from at least some of the control lines, wherein at least some of the thin-film encapsulation layer is interposed between the control lines and the patterned transparent conductive structures. 
 
     
     
       9. The display defined in  claim 6  wherein the control lines and the array of organic light-emitting diodes are formed on a common substrate. 
     
     
       10. The display defined in  claim 4  wherein the capacitive touch sensor electrodes are interposed between and in contact with the layer of adhesive and the thin-film encapsulation layer. 
     
     
       11. The display defined in  claim 1  wherein the capacitive touch sensor electrodes comprise indium tin oxide. 
     
     
       12. The display defined in  claim 1  wherein the capacitive touch sensor electrodes comprise square electrode pads. 
     
     
       13. The display defined in  claim 1  wherein the capacitive touch sensor electrodes comprise diamond-shaped electrode pads. 
     
     
       14. The display defined in  claim 1  wherein the capacitive touch sensor electrodes are interposed between the array of organic light-emitting diodes and the patterned black masking layer.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     This relates to displays, and, more particularly, to displays that include touch sensors. 
     Displays are widely used in electronic devices to display images. Displays such as organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays use organic emissive materials to produce light. 
     In many electronic devices, it is desirable to incorporate touch screen functionality into a display. Touch screens can be used to provide a device with a touch interface. A touch interface may allow users to interact with a device through on-screen touch commands such as finger taps and swipes. 
     A typical touch screen includes a touch sensor panel with an array of touch sensor electrodes. Touch sensor processing circuits can measure capacitance changes on the touch sensor electrodes to determine the position at which a user&#39;s finger is contacting the touch array. 
     The inclusion of a touch panel in a display may be desirable to provide the display with touch sensing capabilities, but may add undesirable bulk to the display. The touch panel substrate may also reduce light transmission and thereby interfere with the ability of the display to display images for a user. 
     It would therefore be desirable to provide improved touch sensitive displays. 
     SUMMARY 
     Displays such as organic light-emitting diode displays may be provided with touch sensing capabilities. The display may have an array of display pixels. The display pixels may be formed from organic light-emitting diodes. Control lines may be coupled to the display pixels. To display images on the display, control signals may be provided to the organic light-emitting diodes using the control lines. 
     The organic light-emitting diodes may be encapsulated with a thin-film encapsulation layer. A touch sensor may be formed from capacitive touch sensor electrodes. The electrodes may be formed on the thin-film encapsulation layer, on one or more sides of a polarizer, or on a touch panel substrate in a single-sided or double-sided touch sensor panel. The display pixel control lines may also serve as touch electrodes. 
     A display may have an active region surrounded by an inactive peripheral region. When mounting the display within an electronic device housing, the inactive peripheral regions and part of the active region may be bent downwards away from the front of the display so that the display becomes borderless. The bent edge portions may form sidewalls for the electronic device housing. Virtual buttons may be formed on the sidewalls. 
     Further features of the invention, its nature and various advantages will be more apparent from the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of an illustrative electronic device of the type that may be provided with a touch screen display in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative electronic device with a touch screen display in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  is a diagram of an illustrative electronic device with a touch screen display in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 4  is a diagram showing how capacitive touch sensing capabilities for a display may be provided using an array of electrodes that are coupled to capacitive sensing circuitry in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 5  is a diagram of an illustrative capacitive touch sensor array coupled to touch sensor control circuitry that detects touch events by measuring capacitance changes in the capacitive touch sensor array in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 6  is a top view of illustrative capacitive electrode structures showing an illustrative capacitive electrode pattern that may be used in a touch sensor array in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 7  is top view of an illustrative capacitive electrode pattern formed form linked square electrode pads in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 8  is top view of an illustrative capacitive electrode pattern formed form linked diamond-shaped electrode pads in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 9  is a diagram of display circuitry coupled to an array of light-emitting diodes in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 10  is diagram of an illustrative display pixel array having rows and columns of organic light-emitting diodes and having associated display driver circuitry for supplying control singles to the organic light-emitting diodes over a grid of control lines in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 11  is a diagram of an illustrative display having a capacitive sensor array and an array of display pixels in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 12  is a top view of an illustrative display showing how a black masking material may be used to cover conductive lines that convey control signals to display pixels and that gather touch sensor capacitance measurements in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 13  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative display having a patterned black masking layer that overlaps conductive lines including lines for control signals and lines for gathering touch sensor capacitance measurements in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 14  is a top view of illustrative patterned capacitive touch sensor electrodes formed from linked diamond-shaped pads each of which is formed from a grid of conductive lines in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 15  is a top view of illustrative patterned capacitive touch sensor electrodes formed from linked rectangular pads each of which is formed from a grid of conductive lines in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 16  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative display having capacitive touch sensor electrodes formed on a thin-film encapsulation layer that encapsulates an array of organic light-emitting diodes in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 17  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative polarizer in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 18  is a flow chart of illustrative steps involved in forming capacitive touch sensor electrodes on a polarizer in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 19  is a flow chart of illustrative steps involved in forming capacitive touch sensor electrodes on a polarizer layer that is combined with additional polarizer layers to form a polarizer in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 20  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative display in which touch sensor electrodes have been formed on the lower surface of a polarizer in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 21  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative display in which touch sensor electrodes have been formed on the upper surface of a polarizer in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 22  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative display in which touch sensor electrodes have been formed on both the upper and lower surfaces of a polarizer in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 23  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative display in which a touch sensor panel formed from electrodes on a touch panel substrate has been attached to a polarizer in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 24  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative single-sided or double-sided touch panel mounted to the upper surface of a polarizer in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 25  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative single-sided or double-sided touch panel mounted to the lower surface of a polarizer in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 26  is a cross-sectional side view of a touch panel that has capacitive touch sensor electrodes formed on a single surface of a touch panel substrate in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 27  is a cross-sectional side view of a touch panel that has capacitive touch sensor electrodes formed on opposing upper and lower surfaces of a touch panel substrate in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 28  is a cross-sectional side view of a touch sensor in which a touch panel has been formed under a layer of polarizer and adhesive in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 29  is a diagram of a display having control lines that are coupled to display pixels for supplying signals to light-emitting diodes in the display pixels and having a touch sensor that is formed at least partly from the control lines and partly from transparent electrode structures that intersect the control lines in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 30  is a cross-sectional side view of a touch panel having control lines that supply control signals to light-emitting diodes and having a touch sensor that is formed at least partly from the control lines and partly from transparent electrode structures formed on a thin-film encapsulation layer in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 31  is a cross-sectional side view of a touch panel having control lines that supply control signals to light-emitting diodes and having a touch sensor that is formed at least partly from the control lines and partly from transparent electrode structures formed on a lower surface of a polarizer in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 32  is a cross-sectional side view of a touch panel having control lines that supply control signals to light-emitting diodes and having a touch sensor that is formed at least partly from the control lines and partly from transparent electrode structures formed on an upper surface of a polarizer in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 33  is a top view of an illustrative touch screen display having a central active region of display pixels surrounded by an inactive peripheral edge region in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 34  is a cross-sectional side view of a display of the type shown in  FIG. 34  that has been bent along its edge to form a sidewall portion in an electronic device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 35  is a perspective view of an electronic device showing how the electronic device may have a display formed from two sections each having a bent sidewall edge structure of the type shown in  FIG. 34  in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     An electronic device of the type that may be provided with a display is shown in  FIG. 1 . As shown in  FIG. 1 , electronic device  10  may have a housing  12 . Buttons, input-output ports, and other components  16  may be provided in housing  12 . Display  14  may be mounted in housing  12  on the front surface of device  10  (as shown in  FIG. 1 ) or may be mounted in other suitable locations within housing  12 . If desired, housing  12  may have multiple sections such as first and second sections that are connected with a hinge (i.e., housing  12  may be associated with a portable computer or other hinged device). 
     Electronic device  10  may be a computer monitor for a desktop computer, a kiosk, a table-based computer, a portable computer such as a laptop or tablet computer, a media player, a television, a gaming device, a cellular telephone or other handheld computing device, or may be a somewhat smaller portable device. Examples of smaller portable electronic devices include wrist-watch devices and pendant devices. These are merely examples. In general, display  14  may be incorporated into any suitable electronic device. 
       FIG. 2  is a cross-sectional side view of device  10 . As shown in  FIG. 2 , a cover layer such as cover glass layer  18  may be used to provide display  14  with a robust outer surface. Cover layer  18  may be formed from glass, plastic, other suitable transparent materials, or combinations of these materials. 
     Touch sensor and display components  22  and cover layer  18  may be housed in housing structures  12 . Structures  12  may include plastic chassis members, metal chassis structures, housing wall structures, or other suitable mounting or support structures. 
     Touch sensor and display components  22  may include display pixel structures such as light-emitting diodes and display circuitry for controlling the light-emitting diodes. Touch sensor and display components  22  may also include a touch sensor. The touch sensor may, for example, be formed from capacitive touch sensor electrodes with which capacitance measurements may be made. When the surface of display  14  is touched by a user&#39;s finger or another external object, the measured capacitance will change. Measured capacitance data may then be converted into touch event data for use by device  10 . Measurable capacitance changes can be detected both when the user touches the display and when the user brings a finger or other external object into close proximity to the display surface without directly touching the surface of the display. 
     If desired, touch sensor functionality may be incorporated into display  14  using other touch technologies (e.g., resistive touch technology, acoustic touch technology, light-based touch sensor configurations, pressure sensors, etc.). The use of capacitive touch sensor arrangements in display  14  is described herein as an example. 
     As shown in  FIG. 2 , device  10  may contain substrates such as printed circuit board  23 . Components  20  may be mounted on printed circuit board  23 . Components  20  may include integrated circuits, connectors, switches, discrete components, and other circuitry and structures for supporting the operation of device  10 . Communications paths such as paths  24  and  26  may be used to convey signals between components  20  on printed circuit board  23  and touch and display components  22  in display  14 . Paths such as paths  24  and  26  may be formed from flexible printed circuits (“flex circuits”), cables, traces on a rigid printed circuit board, etc. Flex circuits may include a pattern of conductive traces on a flexible sheet of polymer such as polyimide or other flexible dielectric substrate. Flex circuit paths or other paths  24  and  26  may be used to couple display circuitry (e.g., a display driver integrated circuit in components  22 ) to touch sensor and display components  22  in display  14  and may be used to couple a touch sensor controller (e.g., a touch sensor integrated circuit in components  22 ) to touch sensor and display components  22 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 3 , device  10  may include storage and processing circuitry  28  and input-output devices  30 . Storage and processing circuitry  28  may include processor circuits such as one or more microprocessors, baseband processor integrated circuits, microcontrollers, applications-specific integrated circuits, or other processing circuitry. Storage and processing circuitry  28  may include volatile and non-volatile memory, hard drive storage, solid state drives (SSDs), removable storage media, or other storage circuitry. Storage and processing circuitry may handle tasks associated with displaying images for a user, processing touch commands, displaying on-screen options and gathering user touch responses, displaying status indicators, taking appropriate actions in response to user input and sensor input, etc. 
     Input-output devices  30  may include wireless circuitry  32  such as wireless local area network transceiver circuitry, satellite navigation receiver circuitry, cellular telephone network transceiver circuitry, etc. 
     Input-output devices  30  may also include buttons, input-output connector ports, speakers, microphones, sensors, and other components  16 . 
     Touch screen display  14  may include touch sensor array  38 . Array  38  may include a pattern of capacitive touch sensor electrodes. Touch sensor circuitry  34  may be coupled to touch sensor array  38  by path  24 . Touch sensor circuitry  34  may include one or more integrated circuits or other circuitry for making capacitance measurements and converting capacitance measurements into touch event location information (e.g., X-Y information that locates a touch event at a particular vertical and horizontal location on the surface of display  14 ). Touch sensor circuitry  34  may, if desired, detect and process multi-touch events in which a user touches the surface of display  14  at multiple locations simultaneously. The electrodes of touch sensor array  38  may be organized to form a self-capacitance sensor in which the presence of the external object alters the capacitance between sensor electrodes and ground or a mutual-capacitance sensor in which the presence of the external object alters the capacitive coupling between a pair of electrodes (e.g., a drive line and a sense line). 
     Images may be displayed for a user of device  10  using pixel array  40 . Pixel array  40  may, as an example, be formed using organic light-emitting diode (OLED) technology. Other types of display technology may also be used if desired. Arrangements in which pixel array  40  contains an array of organic light-emitting diode pixels are sometime described herein as an example. 
     Display driver  36  may receive data to be displayed on device  10  from storage and processing circuitry  28 . The data may include images and/or text to be displayed. Display driver  36  may convey the data that is to be displayed to OLED pixel array  40  over path  26 . Display driver circuitry  36  may be implemented using one or more integrated circuits. 
     A portion of an illustrative touch sensor array is shown in  FIG. 4 . As shown in  FIG. 4 , touch sensor array  38  may contain electrodes  44 . When a user&#39;s finger or other external object  42  is placed in the vicinity of electrodes (e.g., in the vicinity of a pair of electrodes), sensor circuitry  34  can detect capacitance changes that are converted into touch event data for device  10 . Electrodes  44  may be implemented using rectangular pads, narrow or thick lines of conductive material, diamond-shaped pads, meandering traces, or other suitable patterned conductor shapes. In some arrangements, electrodes  44  may be formed from metals such as copper, aluminum, gold, etc. In other arrangements, electrodes  44  may be formed from conductive material such as indium tin oxide (e.g., a transparent semiconductor or other transparent conductive material). 
     To ensure that capacitance measurements can be accurately made using the touch sensor electrodes, it may be desirable to place electrodes  44  in the vicinity of the outermost surface of display  14  (i.e., directly under cover glass  18 ). In this type of arrangement, sensor array  38  will be interposed between display array  40  and cover glass  18 . To avoid disrupting the user&#39;s ability to view display array  40 , it may be desirable to form electrodes  44  in this type of arrangement from a transparent conductive material such as indium tin oxide (ITO). 
     Any suitable pattern may be used for the sensor electrodes in touch sensor array  38 . As shown in  FIG. 5 , for example, touch sensor electrodes  44  may be implemented using horizontal lines (e.g., drive lines D) and vertical lines (e.g., sense lines S). The horizontal and vertical lines may intersect one another to form a grid. When a user&#39;s finger or other object is placed in the vicinity of a particular location on the grid, sensor control circuitry  34  can be used to detect a corresponding capacitance change between a drive lines D and a sense line S. In arrangements of the type shown in  FIG. 5 , lines D and S may be formed from relatively narrow strips of metal or other conductive material. If desired, the drive and sense electrodes may be formed from larger regions of patterned conductive material (e.g., wide strips of ITO). As shown in  FIG. 6 , for example, drive electrodes D and sense electrodes S may be formed from rectangular conductive regions that are organized to form intersecting columns and rows. 
     In sensor arrays  38 , electrodes  44  may be formed on a single side of substrate (sometimes referred to as a single-sided ITO or SITO arrangement) or may be formed on opposing sides of a substrate (sometimes referred to as a double-sided ITO or DITO arrangement). As an example, the drive lines D in sensor arrays  38  of  FIGS. 5 and 6  may be formed on an upper substrate surface and the sense lines S in sensor arrays  38  of  FIGS. 5 and 6  may be formed on an opposing lower substrate surface. 
     Another illustrative pattern that may be used for electrodes  44  in sensor array  28  is shown in  FIG. 7 . The drive lines D and sense lines S in this type of configuration may be formed from a series of linked polygonal pads. Conductive paths such as path  46  may be used to form a series of diagonally aligned electrode pads in a drive line D. Conductive paths such as path  48  may be used to form a series of intersecting diagonally aligned electrodes pads in sense line S. An intervening layer of dielectric may be placed between paths  46  and  48  where they overlap to avoid shorting the drive and sense lines together. By using a layer of intervening dielectric at the cross-over points in array  38 , the drive and sense lines of sensor array  38  of  FIG. 7  may, if desired, be formed on a single side of a substrate (i.e., using a SITO arrangement). DITO arrangements may be used to form a sensor array with a pattern of the type shown in  FIG. 7  (as an example). In the  FIG. 8  example, diamond-shaped electrode pads  44  have been connected to form vertical drive lines D and horizontal sense lines S for sensor array  38 . As with the  FIG. 7  configuration, electrodes  44  of  FIG. 8  may be formed on a single side of a substrate or may, if desired, be formed on two opposing sides of a substrate. Electrodes of other shapes may be used if desired. The use of square and diamond electrode pad shapes in the examples of  FIGS. 7 and 8  is merely illustrative. 
     As shown in  FIG. 9 , pixel array  40  may include display pixels that include organic light-emitting diodes such as organic light-emitting diode  50  (e.g., an array of rows and columns of display pixels). Display control circuitry  36  may issue control commands on paths such as path  56  that apply a signal to each organic light-emitting diode  50 . An organic layer such as organic material  54  in each diode  50  may emit light when a signal is applied using electrodes  52 . 
     Pixel array  40  may form part of an active matrix display or a passive display. In a passive display arrangement, pixels containing respective organic light-emitting diodes may be controlled by signals applied through a grid of intersecting horizontal and vertical control lines. An illustrative active display arrangement is shown in  FIG. 10 . As shown in  FIG. 10 , each pixel  58  in active display pixel array  40  may contain an associated set of electrical components  60  (e.g., transistors, etc.) for controlling the application of current to its associated light-emitting diode  50 . The pixel control circuit formed from electrical components  60  may be controlled by control signals applied to the array of pixels  58  by a display driver circuit (e.g., display circuitry  36 ) using horizontal control lines  64  and vertical control lines  62 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 11 , touch screen display  14  may have planar touch sensor and display structures  66  that include a pattern of capacitive electrodes that form sensor array  38  and a two-dimensional array of display pixels  40 . Sensor circuitry  34  may gather and process capacitance signals from the electrodes in sensor array  38 . Display driver circuitry  36  may be used to supply signals to display pixels  40  that direct display pixels  40  to display images on display  14 . The structures that make up sensor array  38  may be combined with the structures that make up display pixels  40  by forming electrodes  44  on one or more of the layers used in forming display pixels  40 . 
     With one suitable arrangement, electrodes  44  may be formed from conductive material that lies under the black masking material in display pixels  40 . Because the electrode material is formed under the black masking material, reflections from the electrode material may be blocked from view by a user. The conductive material under the black masking material may be patterned to form conductive lines. To ensure that each electrode pad or other electrode structure has sufficient surface area, the conductive lines may be patterned to form mesh (grid) electrodes. 
       FIG. 12  is a top view of a portion of display pixel structures  40 . As shown in  FIG. 12 , the structures may contain numerous individual pixels (e.g., red pixels R, green pixels G, and blue pixels B), organized in a repeating pattern. Black mask region  68  is interspersed between pixels (i.e., in the space that separates the active pixel regions formed by organic light-emitting diodes  50 ). Black mask region  68  may be formed from carbon black, black chrome, or other opaque substances. When display  14  is viewed by a user from the exterior of device  10 , black mask  68  blocks internal device components such as metal signal lines in display  14  from view. The metal signal lines are shown as lines  70  in  FIG. 12 . 
     In conventional displays, black mask material may be used to cover display control lines. In a device such as device  10  of  FIG. 1 , lines  70  may include touch sensor lines and display control lines. The display control lines may be used to route control signals to the array of light-emitting diodes (i.e., to the control circuitry of display pixels  40  and associated organic light-emitting diodes  50 ). The touch sensor lines within lines  70  may, for example, be used in forming a grid-shaped pattern of conductor that forms individual electrodes  44 . For example, a diamond-shaped electrode pad may be formed using a grid of lines  70  under black mask region  68 . Multiple diamond-shaped pads of this type may be interconnected to form diagonal drive and signal lines for touch sensor array  38 . The touch sensor lines (in this example) may be shielded from view by the user using black mask material  68 , so it is not necessary to form the touch sensor lines from a transparent conductor. The touch sensor lines may therefore be formed from a metal such as copper, aluminum, gold, other metals (including alloys), etc. Transparent conductive materials such as indium tin oxide may also be used in forming the touch sensor conductors in lines  70 . 
     A cross-sectional side view of display  14  showing how black masking material  68  may, if desired, be formed on the lower (inner) surface of cover glass layer  18  is shown in  FIG. 13 . Glass  18  may be mounted on display structures  74  using adhesive (e.g., pressure sensitive adhesive, optically clear adhesive, etc.) in region  72  or other suitable mounting techniques (e.g., techniques that form an air gap in region  72 ). As shown in  FIG. 13 , black masking material  68  may have clear openings  76 . Clear openings  76  (i.e., rectangular openings or regions of other suitable shapes in the black masking layer) may be aligned with pixels  40 , so that light  78  from pixels  40  can pass through cover glass layer  18 . Black masking regions  68  overlap conductors  70  in display structures  74 . 
     Display structures  74  may include one or more layers of material (e.g., a substrate layer, a polarizer layer, an organic emissive layer for organic light-emitting diodes, a thin film encapsulation layer, a layer of optically clear adhesive, pressure sensitive adhesive, etc.). Conductors  70  may be formed on top of one or more of these layers, underneath one or more of these layers, on top and bottom sides of one or more of these layers, or may be embedded within one or more of these layers. By aligning conductors  70  so that they are hidden from view by black masking layer  68 , the need to form conductors  70  from a transparent conductor can be eliminated. Pad-shaped touch sensor electrodes (e.g., squares, diamonds, meandering shapes, etc.) and/or column-shaped touch sensor electrodes can be formed from a grid of lines  70 . 
       FIG. 14  is a top view of a portion of an illustrative sensor array showing how sensor electrodes  44  for forming drive lines D and sense lines S may be formed from a series of horizontally and vertically linked mesh (grid) structures (i.e., mesh structures in which lines  70  are formed around the periphery of light-emitting diodes  50  in the display pixels under black masking material  68 , as described in connection with  FIG. 13 . Overpass and underpass conductive structures such as overpass structure  46  and underpass structure  48  may be used to interconnect each diamond-shaped mesh electrode to the next, thereby forming vertical drive electrode structures (columns) D and horizontal sense electrode structures (rows) S. In the  FIG. 15 , example, grids of conductive lines  70  have been configured to form rectangular electrode pads for drive lines D and sense lines S in array  38 . 
     A cross-sectional side view of an illustrative configuration that may be used for display  14  is shown in  FIG. 16 . In the illustrative configuration of  FIG. 16 , a single-sided electrode arrangement (e.g., a SITO arrangement) has been used to form touch sensor electrodes  44  on top of thin-film encapsulation layer  84 . Electrodes  44  may be formed from metal (e.g., using a mesh arrangement of the type described in connection with  FIGS. 12, 13, 14 , and  15  in which the metal lines are formed so that they are covered by overlapping black masking material  68 ) or may be formed from patterned transparent conductive material such as indium tin oxide or other conductive material. Electrodes  44  may be patterned to form linked diamond-shaped pads, linked square pads, columns, rows, or other suitable electrode shapes (e.g., shapes that form drive lines D and sense lines S for touch sensor array  38 ). 
     Display  14  may be formed on a substrate such as substrate  80 . Substrate  80  may be, for example, a layer of polymer such as polyimide or other suitable substrate material. Organic light-emitting diode layer  82  may contain a layer of organic material that forms the light-emitting structure for light-emitting diodes  50 . To prevent moisture and other environmental contaminants from degrading organic light-emitting diodes  50 , light-emitting diodes  50  may be covered with a thin-film encapsulation (TFE) layer such as thin-film encapsulation layer  84 . 
     As illustrated by dashed line  86 , thin-film encapsulation layer  84  may contain multiple layers of material (e.g., two or more layers, three or more layers, four or more layers, etc.). The layers of material in thin-film encapsulation layer  84  may include inorganic material such as aluminum oxide (e.g., for forming a moisture barrier) and, if desired, organic material such as polymers (e.g., epoxy) that may serve as stress relief layers. Other types of thin-film encapsulation layers (e.g., layers formed from a single type of material, layers formed from alternating patterns of organic and inorganic layers, layers including different types of material, etc.) may be used in forming thin-film encapsulation layer  84  if desired. 
     After depositing and patterning conductive material to form touch sensor electrodes  44  on the upper surface of thin-film encapsulation layer  84 , polarizer  92  may be attached to electrode layer  44 , exposed portions of thin-film encapsulation layer  84 , and underlying structures such as substrate  80  using adhesive  90  (e.g., pressure sensitive adhesive, optically clear adhesive, or other suitable adhesives). Polarizer  92  may be formed from one or more polarizer layers (films). As shown in  FIG. 18 , these layers may include, for example, triacetyl cellulose (TAC) layers  96 , polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) layer  98 , and plastic carrier (substrate)  100 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 17 , cover glass layer  18  may have a layer of patterned black masking material  68  on its interior surface. Black masking material  68  may have clear openings  76 . During assembly, cover glass layer  18  may be attached to display  14  using adhesive  94  (e.g., pressure sensitive adhesive, optically clear adhesive, or other suitable adhesives), so that clear regions  76  are aligned with and overlap light-emitting diodes  50 . 
     If desired, touch sensor electrodes  44  may be incorporated into display  14  by forming electrode structures on one or more polarizer layers such as one or more of polarizer layers  96 ,  98 , and  100  of  FIG. 17 . The electrode structures may be formed on the polarizer after the layers of the polarizer have been combined to form the polarizer or may be formed on one or more of the polarizer layers before the polarizer layers have been assembled to form the polarizer. 
       FIGS. 18 and 19  are flow charts of illustrative steps involved in forming a touch sensitive display that includes a polarizer with touch sensor electrodes. The flow chart of  FIG. 18  shows steps involved in forming electrodes on a polarizer. The flow chart of  FIG. 19  shows steps involved in forming a polarizer from layers that include deposited and patterned touch sensor electrodes. 
     In the example of  FIG. 18 , a polarizer for a display may be formed from polarizer carrier layer  100 , TAC layers  96 , and PVA layer  98  or other suitable polarizer layers (step  102 ). The layers of the polarizer may, for example, be laminated to one another. The TAC layers may be stretched prior to lamination. The PVA layer may be doped with iodine to provide polarization. 
     At step  104 , following assembly of the polarizer layers to form the polarizer for the display, electrodes  44  may be deposited and patterned on the polarizer (e.g., using physical vapor deposition and photolithographic patterning). The electrodes may be deposited on the upper surface of the polarizer, the lower surface of the polarizer, or on both the upper and lower surfaces of the polarizer. 
     At step  106 , the polarizer on which patterned touch sensor electrodes  44  have been formed may be assembled with other display layers (e.g., the organic light-emitting diode layer, thin-film encapsulation layer, substrate layer, adhesive layers, cover glass layer, etc.) to form display  14 . 
     As shown in the example of  FIG. 19 , touch sensor electrodes may be formed on part of the polarizer before assembling the rest of the polarizer and installing the polarizer in the display. At step  108 , for example, touch sensor electrodes  44  may be deposited and patterned on a polarizer layer such as carrier layer  100  ( FIG. 17 ). The touch sensor electrodes may be deposited using physical vapor deposition and may be patterned using photolithography (as an example). 
     At step  110 , following formation of the electrodes on the carrier layer, the remaining polarizer layers (e.g., TAC layers  96  and PVA layer  98 ) may be stretched and laminated to the carrier and its associated touch sensor electrodes. The operations of step  110  may be used to produce a completed polarizer that incorporates touch sensor electrodes. 
     At step  112 , the polarizer with the integral touch sensor electrodes may be assembled with other display structures (e.g., the organic light-emitting diode layer, thin-film encapsulation layer, substrate layer, adhesive layers, cover glass layer, etc.) to form display  14 . 
     Touch sensor electrodes may be formed on one surface or multiple surfaces of a polarizer.  FIG. 20  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative display in which touch sensor electrodes  44  have been formed on a lower surface of polarizer layer  92 . As shown in  FIG. 20 , organic light-emitting diode layer  82  may include an array of light-emitting diodes  50  formed on substrate  80 . Substrate  80  may be, for example, a dielectric substrate such as a sheet of polyimide or other polymer (as an example). Thin-film encapsulation layer  84  (e.g., one or more moisture barrier and/or stress relief layers such as layers of aluminum oxide, epoxy, etc.) may be used to encapsulate organic light-emitting diode layer  82 . 
     Touch sensor electrodes  44  may be formed on the underside of polarizer  92  by forming polarizer  92  before depositing and patterning electrodes  44  as described in connection with  FIG. 18  or by depositing and patterning electrodes  44  on the polarizer carrier layer prior to assembly of the carrier layer with other polarizer layers as described in connection with  FIG. 19 . Polarizer  92  (with the patterned touch sensor electrodes on its lower surface) may be attached to thin-film encapsulant layer  84  of  FIG. 20  using adhesive  90  (e.g., pressure sensitive adhesive, optically clear adhesive, or other suitable adhesive). 
     Adhesive  94  (e.g., pressure sensitive adhesive, optically clear adhesive, or other suitable adhesive) may be used to attach cover layer  18  to the upper surface of polarizer  92  of  FIG. 20 . Black masking material  68  may be formed on the lower surface of cover layer  18  (or on other suitable layers in display  14 ). Clear regions  76  (i.e., openings in black masking layer  68 ) may be aligned with light-emitting diodes  50  in organic light-emitting diode layer  82 . 
     In the illustrative configuration of  FIG. 21 , touch sensor electrodes  44  have been formed on the upper surface of polarizer layer  92  rather than the lower surface of polarizer  92 . Electrodes  44  of display  14  of  FIG. 21  may be formed by forming polarizer  92  before depositing and patterning electrodes  44  as described in connection with  FIG. 18  or by depositing and patterning electrodes  44  on the polarizer carrier layer prior to assembly of the carrier layer with other polarizer layers as described in connection with  FIG. 19 . 
     If desired, touch sensor electrodes  44  may be formed on both the upper and lower surfaces of polarizer  92  (e.g., using a DITO arrangement). A display with this type of configuration is shown in  FIG. 22 . As shown in  FIG. 22 , electrodes  44  (e.g., indium tin oxide electrodes or electrodes formed from other transparent conductive materials) may be deposited and patterned on both the upper and lower surfaces of polarizer  92  (e.g., using fabrication techniques of the type described in connection with  FIG. 18 ). 
     If desired, a touch sensor panel may be formed using a SITO or DITO arrangement and may be attached to the upper or lower surface of polarizer  92 .  FIG. 23  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative arrangement of this type that may be used in forming display  14 . As shown in  FIG. 23 , organic light-emitting diode layer  82  and its light-emitting diodes  50  may be formed on substrate  80  and covered with thin-film encapsulation layer  84 . Layer  9244  may be formed from a polarizer to which a touch sensor panel has been attached using adhesive. Layer  9244  may be attached to thin-film encapsulant layer  84  using adhesive  90  (e.g., pressure sensitive adhesive, optically clear adhesive, or other suitable adhesives or attachment mechanisms). Cover glass layer  18  may be attached to the upper surface of layer  9244  using adhesive  94  (e.g., pressure sensitive adhesive, optically clear adhesive, or other suitable adhesives). 
       FIG. 24  is a cross-sectional diagram showing how layer  9244  may be formed from a polarizer such as polarizer  92 . A SITO or DITO touch sensor panel such as touch sensor layer  114  may be attached to the upper surface of polarizer  92  using adhesive  116  (e.g., pressure sensitive adhesive, optically clear adhesive, etc.). 
       FIG. 25  is a cross-sectional diagram showing how layer  9244  may be formed from a polarizer such as polarizer  92  having a lower surface to which a SITO or DITO touch sensor panel such as touch sensor layer  114  has been attached using adhesive  116  (e.g., pressure sensitive adhesive, optically clear adhesive, etc.). 
       FIG. 26  is a cross-sectional diagram of an illustrative SITO touch sensor panel of the type that may be used as panel  114  in layers  9244  of  FIGS. 24 and 25 . As shown in  FIG. 26 , SITO touch sensor panel  114 - 1  has a single sided electrode configuration in which a single surface of planar dielectric touch sensor substrate  118  is provided with touch sensor electrodes  44 . Substrate  118  may be a dielectric layer such as a sheet of polymer or other substrate material. Electrodes  44  may be formed from indium tin oxide or other transparent conductive materials. Patterns that may be used for single-sided electrodes such as electrodes  44  of  FIG. 26  include electrodes formed from interconnected diamond-shaped pads and interconnected rectangular electrode pads (as examples). Electrodes  44  may be formed on the upper surface or the lower surface of touch sensor panel substrate  118 . 
       FIG. 27  is a cross-sectional diagram of an illustrative DITO touch sensor panel of the type that may be used as panel  114  in layers  9244  of  FIGS. 24 and 25 . As shown in  FIG. 27 , DITO touch sensor panel  114 - 2  has a two-sided electrode configuration in which both the upper and lower opposing surfaces of touch sensor substrate  118  are provided with touch sensor electrodes  44 . Substrate  118  may be a dielectric layer such as a sheet of polymer or other substrate material. Electrodes  44  may be formed from indium tin oxide or other transparent conductive materials. Patterns that may be used for single-sided electrodes such as electrodes  44  of  FIG. 26  include row/column patterns of the type described in connection with  FIG. 6  (as an example). 
     If desired, the touch panel (e.g., a single-sided panel such as touch sensor panel  114 - 1  of  FIG. 26  or a double-sided touch panel such as touch sensor panel  114 - 2  of  FIG. 27 ) may be placed under polarizer  92  and adhesive  90 , as shown in  FIG. 28 . This type of arrangement may improve optical quality by helping to hide the ITO of electrodes  44  from view by a user. 
       FIG. 29  is a circuit diagram showing how display  14  may be formed from an array that contains conductive lines that are used for both touch sensing and display pixel control functions. As shown in  FIG. 29 , display  14  may have display driver and touch sensor control circuitry  3634  that is coupled to array  4038 . Array  4038  may include horizontal lines such as lines  640  and vertical lines such as lines  620 . Array  4038  may contain rows and columns of display pixels  58 , each of which has an associated light-emitting diode  50  (e.g., an organic light-emitting diode) and an associated control circuits  60  (e.g., transistors, etc.). 
     Circuitry  3634  may contain display driver circuitry that produces control signals on lines  620  and  640  that cause a desired image to be displayed on display  14  by pixels  58 . Control lines  640  may sometimes be referred to as emission lines. In addition to display driver circuitry that allows array  4038  to function as a display, circuitry  3634  may contain touch sensor control circuitry that gathers touch data from array  4038 . 
     With one suitable arrangement, the touch sensor control circuitry transmits capacitive touch sensor array drive signals onto some of the same lines that are used to convey display control signals. For example, touch sensor control circuitry in circuitry  3634  may generate capacitive touch sensor drive signals that are supplied to horizontal lines  640  in array  4038  (i.e., lines  640  may serve as touch sensor drive lines in addition to serving as emission lines for display pixels  58 ). Other conductive lines (e.g., vertically extending columns of indium tin oxide electrodes such as electrode  44  of  FIG. 29 ) may serve as touch sensor sense lines. A time division multiplexing scheme or other multiplexing scheme may be used to ensure that the drive signals that are driven onto lines  640  during capacitive touch sensor capacitance measurements operations do not interfere with the control signals that are supplied to display pixels  58 . 
     Electrodes  44  of  FIG. 29  may be formed on any suitable layer or layers in display  44  (e.g., a substrate layer, a thin-film encapsulation layer, a polarizer layer, etc.).  FIG. 30  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative configuration that may be used for display  14  in which capacitive touch sensor electrodes such as electrodes  44  of  FIG. 29  have been formed on top of thin-film encapsulation layer  84 .  FIG. 31  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative configuration for display  14  in which capacitive touch sensor electrodes  44  such as electrodes  44  of  FIG. 29  have been formed on the lower surface of polarizer  92 . In the  FIG. 32  example, capacitive touch sensor electrodes  44  such as electrodes  44  of  FIG. 29  have been formed on the upper surface of polarizer  92 . In arrangements of the type shown in  FIGS. 30, 31, and 32 , emission lines  640  may be organized into groups of parallel lines that serve as drive lines D for the touch sensor in array  4038  and electrodes  44  may be patterned to form intersecting columns (or other suitable shapes) that serve as sense lines for the touch sensor in array  4038 . 
     As shown in the top view of display  14  of  FIG. 33 , display  14  may have an inactive border region IR that surrounds periphery  120  of rectangular active central region A. To provide device  10  with borderless display surface (i.e., display structures on its front face that have no inactive region), it may be desirable to bend the edges of display  14  along bend lines such as bend line  122  of  FIG. 33 . Bend line  122  is located within active area A. As a result, when display  14  is viewed from the side following bending of the layers of display  14  along bend line  122  (e.g., bending of 45° or more, 70° or more, or 90° or more), all of inactive region IR will be located along the sidewall region SW of device  10  and device housing  12 , as shown in  FIG. 34 . By bending one or more of the edges of display  14  along bend lines  122  (and, if desired, by notching out appropriate portions at the corners of display  14  to facilitate bending), display  14  may appear borderless when top (front) surface  126  of device  10  is viewed from direction  124  ( FIG. 34 ). 
     In the example of  FIG. 34 , the edge of display  14  (e.g., an OLED display with integrated touch sensors) has been folded over the side of housing structure  12  in device  10 , so that portion A′ of display active region A and inactive display portion IR reside along sidewall SW of device  10 . Adhesive  128  or other suitable attachment mechanisms may be used to attach the bent edge of display  14  to sidewall SW of device  10 . The arrangement of  FIG. 34  is merely illustrative. Moreover, the sidewall of device  10  need not be planar and need not be perpendicular to front surface  126 . The illustrative configuration of  FIG. 34  in which surface  126  is horizontal and planar and in which sidewall SW and the overlapping bent edge portions of display  14  are vertical and planar is presented as an example. During operation, device  10  may operate display  14  so that images are displayed substantially on front surface  126  (i.e., by illuminating pixels on the front surface of display  14  without illuminating pixels in portions of display  14  that are located in region A′ of active region A, so that region A′ is black). 
     As shown in  FIG. 34 , on-screen options such as virtual button VB may be presented in the active portion A′ of active region A that is folded over to cover sidewall SW. Virtual button VB may, as an example, contain an image of a button or option (e.g., a square button shaped option, etc.). When a user touches virtual button VB, storage and processing circuitry  28  can take suitable action. As examples, contact between a user&#39;s finger or other external object and virtual button VB may direct device  10  to take actions such as displaying information for a user, making a volume adjustment to media that is being played to the user, controlling media playback, taking an action associated with a wireless communications session, or otherwise taking suitable action. 
     One or more virtual buttons such as virtual button VB may be used to form volume adjustment switches (e.g., sliding controls), ringer buttons, on/off buttons, sleep buttons, customized buttons (e.g., buttons that are specific to a particular program or operating system that is running on device  10  and that change in real time during use of device  10 ), etc. If desired, virtual buttons may be labeled with particular colors, patterns, icons, text, or other information to assist a user in identifying the function of the button. Portions of section A′ of display  14  may also be used solely as output devices (e.g., to form status indicators for playback volume, device power state, incoming call notification, application status, or other information). 
     Buttons may be reconfigured during use of device  10 . For example, device  10  may use region A′ to display a first set of buttons when operated in one mode and may use region A′ to display a second (different) set of buttons when operated in another mode. Options such as option VB may extend partially around the front of device  10  (e.g., to meet up with an option displayed on front surface  126 ) or may be confined exclusively to the sidewall surface of device  10 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 35 , device  10  may have sections that are joined along respective display bend lines. As shown in  FIG. 35 , device  10  may have a first portion with first housing  12 - 1  and first display  14 - 1 . First display  14 - 1  may be bent downwards along the sidewall of first housing  12 - 1  at bend line  122 - 1 . Device  10  may also have a second portion with second housing  12 - 2  and second display  14 - 2 . Second display  14 - 2  may be bent downwards along the sidewall of second housing  12 - 2  at bend line  122 - 2 . When assembled into device  10 , displays  14 - 1  and  14 - 2  may be joined along a thin or essentially zero-width gap G. Because displays  14 - 1  and  14 - 2  are borderless, device  10  may use displays  14 - 1  and  14 - 2  as a unified display  14 . Housings such as housings  12 - 1  and  12 - 2  may be joined using additional housing structures, adhesive, fasteners, or other attachment mechanisms or a unitary housing may be formed in which multiple borderless displays such as displays  14 - 1  and  14 - 2  are mounted. 
     The foregoing is merely illustrative of the principles of this invention and various modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. The foregoing embodiments may be implemented individually or in any combination.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20110719
Publication Date: 20160726
Grant Date: 20160726
Priority Date: 20110719
Inventors: CHEN WEI
HOTELLING STEVEN P.
ZHONG JOHN Z.
CHANG SHIH-CHANG
POON STEPHEN S.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G06F2203/04112", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04886", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1601", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/044", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1643", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10K50/84", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10K50/865", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10K50/86", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10K50/844", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10K50/8426", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10K2102/311", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10K59/131", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10K59/18", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10K59/179", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10K59/40", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0446", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04112", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/047", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0443", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1643", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04166", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0412", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1601", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04886", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0445", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04104", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04111", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0445", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0446", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0443", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04166", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1601", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0446", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0443", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04166", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0445", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1601", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10K50/86", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10K50/865", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10K59/18", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10K2102/311", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10K59/131", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10K59/179", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10K59/18", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10K50/8426", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10K59/40", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10K59/40", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10K2102/311", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10K50/84", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10K50/844", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1643", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04886", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04112", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F2203/04112", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04886", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F1/1643", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0412", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0412", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/047", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10K59/873", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10K59/8722", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H10K59/8792", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 46582072