PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-12158988-B2
Application Number: US-202318114447-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Mapping a computer-generated trackpad to a content manipulation region

Abstract:
A method is performed at an electronic device with one or more processors, a non-transitory memory, a display, and an extremity tracker. The method includes obtaining extremity tracking data via the extremity tracker. The method includes displaying a computer-generated representation of a trackpad that is spatially associated with a physical surface. The physical surface is viewable within the display along with a content manipulation region that is separate from the computer-generated representation of the trackpad. The method includes identifying a first location within the computer-generated representation of the trackpad based on the extremity tracking data. The method includes mapping the first location to a corresponding location within the content manipulation region. The method includes displaying an indicator indicative of the mapping. The indicator may overlap the corresponding location within the content manipulation region.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A method comprising:
 at an electronic device with one or more processors, a non-transitory memory, a display, and an extremity tracker:
 obtaining, via the extremity tracker, extremity tracking data; 
 displaying, on the display, a computer-generated representation of a trackpad that is overlaid on a physical surface, the physical surface being viewable within the display along with a content manipulation region that is viewable within the display and is separate from the computer-generated representation of the trackpad; and 
 while displaying, on the display, the computer-generated representation of the trackpad:
 identifying a first location within the computer-generated representation of the trackpad based on the extremity tracking data, the extremity tracking data comprising a hover distance between an extremity of a user and the computer-generated representation of the trackpad; 
 mapping the first location to a corresponding location within the content manipulation region; and 
 displaying, on the display, an indicator indicative of the mapping. 
 
 
 
     
     
       2. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the extremity tracker includes a communication interface provided to communicate with a finger-wearable device, wherein the extremity tracking data includes finger manipulation data from the finger-wearable device via the communication interface, and wherein identifying the first location is based on at least the finger manipulation data. 
     
     
       3. The method of  claim 2 , wherein the finger manipulation data corresponds to sensor data associated with one or more sensors integrated within the finger-wearable device that includes at least one of positional data output from one or more positional sensors integrated in the finger-wearable device or contact intensity data output from a contact intensity sensor integrated in the finger-wearable device. 
     
     
       4. The method of  claim 2 , wherein the finger manipulation data is indicative of a gesture performed via the finger-wearable device. 
     
     
       5. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the extremity tracker includes a computer-vision system that outputs extremity identification data, wherein the extremity identification data is included in the extremity tracking data, and wherein identifying the first location is based on at least the extremity identification data. 
     
     
       6. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the content manipulation region corresponds to a computer-generated content manipulation region, the method further comprising:
 while displaying the computer-generated representation of the trackpad, displaying, on the display, the computer-generated content manipulation region. 
 
     
     
       7. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the electronic device is communicatively coupled to a secondary device, and wherein the secondary device includes a secondary display that displays the content manipulation region. 
     
     
       8. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the content manipulation region includes an affordance that is provided to enable a corresponding content manipulation operation with respect to a portion of the content manipulation region. 
     
     
       9. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising determining one or more dimensional characteristics associated with the physical surface, wherein the computer-generated representation of the trackpad satisfies a dimensional criterion with respect to the one or more dimensional characteristics. 
     
     
       10. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the computer-generated representation of the trackpad satisfies an occlusion criterion with respect to a physical object. 
     
     
       11. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 while displaying the computer-generated representation of the trackpad, displaying, on the display, a trackpad manipulation affordance that is associated with a trackpad manipulation operation; 
 receiving a selection input selecting the trackpad manipulation affordance; 
 after receiving the selection input, receiving a manipulation input that is associated with the computer-generated representation of the trackpad; and 
 manipulating the computer-generated representation of the trackpad according to the manipulation input and the trackpad manipulation operation. 
 
     
     
       12. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 determining, based on the extremity tracking data, that a respective extremity corresponds to a respective spatial location hovering over the computer-generated representation of the trackpad; 
 wherein mapping the first location within the computer-generated representation of the trackpad to the corresponding location within the content manipulation region includes:
 mapping the respective spatial location to the first location, and 
 mapping the first location to the corresponding location within the content manipulation region. 
 
 
     
     
       13. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising displaying the content within the computer-generated representation of the trackpad. 
     
     
       14. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 in response to determining, based on the extremity tracking data, that a corresponding extremity moves from the first location to a second location; and
 in accordance with a determination that the second location is outside of the computer-generated representation of the trackpad:
 mapping the second location to a second corresponding location outside of the content manipulation region; and 
 displaying an affordance at the second corresponding location outside of the content manipulation region. 
 
 
 
     
     
       15. The method of  claim 14 , in response to receiving an input selecting the affordance, enlarging the content manipulation region in order to include the second corresponding location. 
     
     
       16. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 identifying a second location that is outside of the computer-generated representation of the trackpad based on the extremity tracking data; 
 mapping the second location to a second corresponding location that is outside of the content manipulation region; and 
 moving the indicator in order to overlap the second corresponding location. 
 
     
     
       17. The method of  claim 16 , further comprising:
 displaying, on the display, an affordance that is outside of the content manipulation region, wherein the affordance is associated with a manipulation operation; and 
 in response to determining that the second corresponding location satisfies a proximity threshold with respect to the affordance, manipulating the content manipulation region according to the manipulation operation. 
 
     
     
       18. An electronic device comprising:
 one or more processors; 
 a non-transitory memory; 
 a display; 
 an extremity tracker; and 
 one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the non-transitory memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for:
 obtaining, via the extremity tracker, extremity tracking data; 
 displaying, on the display, a computer-generated representation of a trackpad that is overlaid on a physical surface, the physical surface being viewable within the display along with a content manipulation region that is viewable within the display and is separate from the computer-generated representation of the trackpad; and 
 while displaying, on the display, the computer-generated representation of the trackpad:
 identifying a first location within the computer-generated representation of the trackpad based on the extremity tracking data, the extremity tracking data comprising a hover distance between an extremity of a user and the computer-generated representation of the trackpad; 
 mapping the first location to a corresponding location within the content manipulation region; and 
 displaying, on the display, an indicator indicative of the mapping. 
 
 
 
     
     
       19. The electronic device of  claim 18 , wherein the extremity tracker includes a communication interface provided to communicate with a finger-wearable device, wherein the extremity tracking data includes finger manipulation data from the finger-wearable device via the communication interface, and wherein identifying the first location is based on at least the finger manipulation data. 
     
     
       20. The electronic device of  claim 18 , wherein the electronic device is communicatively coupled to a secondary device, and wherein the secondary device includes a secondary display that displays the content manipulation region. 
     
     
       21. The electronic device of  claim 18 , wherein the one or more programs further include instructions for:
 determining, based on the extremity tracking data, that a respective extremity corresponds to a respective spatial location hovering over the computer-generated representation of the trackpad; 
 wherein mapping the first location within the computer-generated representation of the trackpad to the corresponding location within the content manipulation region includes:
 mapping the respective spatial location to the first location, and 
 mapping the first location to the corresponding location within the content manipulation region. 
 
 
     
     
       22. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions, which, when executed by an electronic device with one or more processors, a display, and an extremity tracker, cause the electronic device to:
 obtain, via the extremity tracker, extremity tracking data; 
 display, on the display, a computer-generated representation of a trackpad that is overlaid on a physical surface, the physical surface being viewable within the display along with a content manipulation region that is viewable within the display and is separate from the computer-generated representation of the trackpad; and 
 while displaying the computer-generated representation of the trackpad:
 identify a first location within the computer-generated representation of the trackpad based on the extremity tracking data, the extremity tracking data comprising a hover distance between an extremity of a user and the computer-generated representation of the trackpad; 
 map the first location to a corresponding location within the content manipulation region; and 
 display, on the display, an indicator indicative of the mapping. 
 
 
     
     
       23. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 22 , wherein the extremity tracker includes a computer-vision system that outputs extremity identification data, wherein the extremity identification data is included in the extremity tracking data, and wherein identifying the first location is based on at least the extremity identification data. 
     
     
       24. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 22 , wherein the instructions further cause the electronic device to determine one or more dimensional characteristics associated with the physical surface, wherein the computer-generated representation of the trackpad satisfies a dimensional criterion with respect to the one or more dimensional characteristics. 
     
     
       25. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 22 , wherein the instructions further cause the electronic device to:
 in response to determining, based on the extremity tracking data, that a corresponding extremity moves from the first location to a second location; and
 in accordance with a determination that the second location is outside of the computer-generated representation of the trackpad:
 map the second location to a second corresponding location outside of the content manipulation region; and 
 display an affordance at the second corresponding location outside of the content manipulation region.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of Intl. Patent App. No. PCT/US2021/041928, filed on Jul. 16, 2021, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent App. No. 63/107,305, filed on Oct. 29, 2020 and U.S. Provisional Patent App. No. 63/073,758, filed on Sep. 2, 2020, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates to mapping to a viewable region, and in particular input-driven mapping to the viewable region. 
     BACKGROUND 
     An electronic device may enable manipulation of displayed content based on an input from an integrated input system, such as an extremity tracking input. Utilizing an input from an integrated input system in order to manipulate content introduces a number of issues. For example, when a physical object occludes a portion of an extremity of a user, the reliability of the extremity tracking input is correspondingly reduced. As another example, content that has a relatively high depth with respect to the display, such as a computer-generated object located in a scene background, may be difficult for a user to manipulate, thereby introducing tracking inaccuracies. 
     SUMMARY 
     In accordance with some implementations, a method is performed at an electronic device with one or more processors, a non-transitory memory, a display, and an extremity tracker. The method includes obtaining extremity tracking data from via the extremity tracker. The method includes displaying, on the display, a computer-generated representation of a trackpad that is spatially associated with a physical surface. The physical surface is viewable within the display along with a content manipulation region that is separate from the computer-generated representation of the trackpad. The method includes identifying a first location within the computer-generated representation of the trackpad based on the extremity tracking data. The method includes mapping the first location to a corresponding location within the content manipulation region. The method includes displaying, on the display, an indicator indicative of the mapping. The indicator may overlap the corresponding location within the content manipulation region. 
     In accordance with some implementations, an electronic device includes one or more processors, a non-transitory memory, a display, and an extremity tracker. One or more programs are stored in the non-transitory memory and are configured to be executed by the one or more processors. The one or more programs include instructions for performing or causing performance of the operations of any of the methods described herein. In accordance with some implementations, a non-transitory computer readable storage medium has stored therein instructions which when executed by one or more processors of an electronic device, cause the device to perform or cause performance of the operations of any of the methods described herein. In accordance with some implementations, an electronic device includes means for performing or causing performance of the operations of any of the methods described herein. In accordance with some implementations, an information processing apparatus, for use in an electronic device, includes means for performing or causing performance of the operations of any of the methods described herein. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a better understanding of the various described implementations, reference should be made to the Description, below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures. 
         FIG.  1    is a block diagram of an example of a portable multifunction device in accordance with some implementations. 
         FIG.  2    is a block diagram of an example of a finger-wearable device in accordance with some implementations. 
         FIGS.  3 A- 3 W  are examples of an electronic device mapping a computer-generated trackpad to a content manipulation region in accordance with some implementations. 
         FIG.  4    is an example of a flow diagram of a method of mapping a computer-generated trackpad to a content manipulation region in accordance with some implementations. 
         FIG.  5    is another example of a flow diagram of a method of mapping a computer-generated trackpad to a content manipulation region in accordance with some implementations. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF IMPLEMENTATIONS 
     An electronic device, including an integrated input system, may manipulate the display of a computer-generated object based on an input from the integrated input system. For example, the integrated input system includes an extremity tracking input system and/or an eye tracking input system. As one example, based on an extremity tracking input from the extremity tracking input system, the electronic device determines a corresponding extremity of a user satisfies a proximity threshold with respect to a particular computer-generated object. Accordingly, the electronic device manipulates the particular computer-generated object based on the extremity tracking input. However, utilizing an input from an integrated input system in order to manipulate a computer-generated object introduces a number of issues. For example, when a physical object occludes (e.g., blocks) a portion of a user&#39;s extremity, the reliability of the extremity tracking input is correspondingly reduced. As another example, the limited mobility of a user&#39;s eyes and the unsteadiness of the user&#39;s extremity reduces the efficiency associated with manipulating a computer-generated object. As yet another example, a computer-generated object that has a relatively high depth with respect to the display, such as a computer-generated object located in a scene background, may be difficult for a user to manipulate, thereby introducing extremity tracking and eye tracking inaccuracies. 
     By contrast, various implementations disclosed herein include methods, electronic devices, and systems for mapping between a computer-generated representation of a trackpad and a spatially distinct content manipulation region, based on extremity tracking data. For example, in some implementations, an electronic device includes a communication interface provided to communicate with a finger-wearable device, and the electronic device obtains finger manipulation data from the finger-wearable device via the communication interface. The finger manipulation data may be included in the extremity tracking data. As another example, in some implementations, an electronic device includes a computer-vision system (e.g., object identification with respect to image data) that outputs extremity identification data. The extremity identification data may be included in the extremity tracking data. 
     The electronic device displays an indicator indicative of the mapping. For example, based on finger manipulation data, the electronic device determines that the finger-wearable device is hovering over or contacting the center of the computer-generated representation of a trackpad. Accordingly, the electronic device displays an indicator at the center of the content manipulation region. By displaying an indication of the mapping, the electronic device provides feedback to a user characterizing the finger-wearable device engaging with the content manipulation region in some implementations. The feedback reduces the number of erroneous (e.g., undesired) inputs the electronic device receives from the finger-wearable device, thereby reducing resource utilization by the electronic device. 
     Accordingly, various implementations disclosed herein enable a user to effectively engage with (e.g., manipulate) content that is within a content manipulation region. For example, when the finger manipulation data indicates that the finger-wearable device is drawing a circle on the computer-generated representation of the trackpad, the electronic device displays a corresponding representation of the circle within the content manipulation region. Accordingly, as compared with other devices, the electronic device provides more control and accuracy when engaging with the content manipulation region. 
     The finger-wearable device can be worn by a finger of a user. In some implementations, the electronic device tracks the finger with six degrees of freedom (6DOF) based on the finger manipulation data. Accordingly, even when a physical object occludes a portion of the finger-wearable device, the electronic device continues to receive finger manipulation data from the finger-wearable device. On the other hand, other devices that utilize extremity tracking cannot track an extremity of a user when a physical object occludes the extremity. Additionally, the electronic device enables object engagement (e.g., disambiguation, manipulation, etc.) based on the finger manipulation data, independent of an apparent distance between the finger-wearable device and the content manipulation region, resulting in greater control and accuracy. 
     Reference will now be made in detail to implementations, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various described implementations. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the various described implementations may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the implementations. 
     It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. are, in some instances, used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first contact could be termed a second contact, and, similarly, a second contact could be termed a first contact, without departing from the scope of the various described implementations. The first contact and the second contact are both contacts, but they are not the same contact, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. 
     The terminology used in the description of the various described implementations herein is for the purpose of describing particular implementations only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various described implementations and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes”, “including”, “comprises”, and/or “comprising”, when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     As used herein, the term “if” is, optionally, construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting”, depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” is, optionally, construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event]”, depending on the context. 
     A person can interact with and/or sense a physical environment or physical world without the aid of an electronic device. A physical environment can include physical features, such as a physical object or surface. An example of a physical environment is physical forest that includes physical plants and animals. A person can directly sense and/or interact with a physical environment through various means, such as hearing, sight, taste, touch, and smell. In contrast, a person can use an electronic device to interact with and/or sense an extended reality (XR) environment that is wholly or partially simulated. The XR environment can include mixed reality (MR) content, augmented reality (AR) content, virtual reality (VR) content, and/or the like. With an XR system, some of a person&#39;s physical motions, or representations thereof, can be tracked and, in response, characteristics of virtual objects simulated in the XR environment can be adjusted in a manner that complies with at least one law of physics. For instance, the XR system can detect the movement of a user&#39;s head and adjust graphical content and auditory content presented to the user similar to how such views and sounds would change in a physical environment. In another example, the XR system can detect movement of an electronic device that presents the XR environment (e.g., a mobile phone, tablet, laptop, or the like) and adjust graphical content and auditory content presented to the user similar to how such views and sounds would change in a physical environment. In some situations, the XR system can adjust characteristic(s) of graphical content in response to other inputs, such as a representation of a physical motion (e.g., a vocal command). 
     Many different types of electronic systems can enable a user to interact with and/or sense an XR environment. A non-exclusive list of examples include heads-up displays (HUDs), head mountable systems, projection-based systems, windows or vehicle windshields having integrated display capability, displays formed as lenses to be placed on users&#39; eyes (e.g., contact lenses), headphones/earphones, input systems with or without haptic feedback (e.g., wearable or handheld controllers), speaker arrays, smartphones, tablets, and desktop/laptop computers. A head mountable system can have one or more speaker(s) and an opaque display. Other head mountable systems can be configured to accept an opaque external display (e.g., a smartphone). The head mountable system can include one or more image sensors to capture images/video of the physical environment and/or one or more microphones to capture audio of the physical environment. A head mountable system may have a transparent or translucent display, rather than an opaque display. The transparent or translucent display can have a medium through which light is directed to a user&#39;s eyes. The display may utilize various display technologies, such as uLEDs, OLEDs, LEDs, liquid crystal on silicon, laser scanning light source, digital light projection, or combinations thereof. An optical waveguide, an optical reflector, a hologram medium, an optical combiner, combinations thereof, or other similar technologies can be used for the medium. In some implementations, the transparent or translucent display can be selectively controlled to become opaque. Projection-based systems can utilize retinal projection technology that projects images onto users&#39; retinas. Projection systems can also project virtual objects into the physical environment (e.g., as a hologram or onto a physical surface). 
       FIG.  1    is a block diagram of an example of a portable multifunction device  100  (sometimes also referred to herein as the “electronic device  100 ” for the sake of brevity) in accordance with some implementations. The electronic device  100  includes memory  102  (which optionally includes one or more computer readable storage mediums), a memory controller  122 , one or more processing units (CPUs)  120 , a peripherals interface  118 , an input/output (I/O) subsystem  106 , a speaker  111 , a display system  112 , an inertial measurement unit (IMU)  130 , image sensor(s)  143  (e.g., camera), contact intensity sensor(s)  165 , audio sensor(s)  113  (e.g., microphone), eye tracking sensor(s)  164  (e.g., included within a head-mountable device (HMD)), an extremity tracking sensor  150 , and other input or control device(s)  116 . In some implementations, the electronic device  100  corresponds to one of a mobile phone, tablet, laptop, wearable computing device, head-mountable device (HMD), head-mountable enclosure (e.g., the electronic device  100  slides into or otherwise attaches to a head-mountable enclosure), or the like. In some implementations, the head-mountable enclosure is shaped to form a receptacle for receiving the electronic device  100  with a display. 
     In some implementations, the peripherals interface  118 , the one or more processing units  120 , and the memory controller  122  are, optionally, implemented on a single chip, such as a chip  103 . In some other implementations, they are, optionally, implemented on separate chips. 
     The I/O subsystem  106  couples input/output peripherals on the electronic device  100 , such as the display system  112  and the other input or control devices  116 , with the peripherals interface  118 . The I/O subsystem  106  optionally includes a display controller  156 , an image sensor controller  158 , an intensity sensor controller  159 , an audio controller  157 , an eye tracking controller  160 , one or more input controllers  152  for other input or control devices, an IMU controller  132 , an extremity tracking controller  180 , a privacy subsystem  170 , and a communication interface  190 . The one or more input controllers  152  receive/send electrical signals from/to the other input or control devices  116 . The other input or control devices  116  optionally include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternate implementations, the one or more input controllers  152  are, optionally, coupled with any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, infrared port, Universal Serial Bus (USB) port, stylus, finger-wearable device, and/or a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons optionally include an up/down button for volume control of the speaker  111  and/or audio sensor(s)  113 . The one or more buttons optionally include a push button. In some implementations, the other input or control devices  116  includes a positional system (e.g., GPS) that obtains information concerning the location and/or orientation of the electronic device  100  relative to a particular object. In some implementations, the other input or control devices  116  include a depth sensor and/or a time of flight sensor that obtains depth information characterizing a particular object. 
     The display system  112  provides an input interface and an output interface between the electronic device  100  and a user. The display controller  156  receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to the display system  112 . The display system  112  displays visual output to the user. The visual output optionally includes graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). In some implementations, some or all of the visual output corresponds to user interface objects. As used herein, the term “affordance” refers to a user-interactive graphical user interface object (e.g., a graphical user interface object that is configured to respond to inputs directed toward the graphical user interface object). Examples of user-interactive graphical user interface objects include, without limitation, a button, slider, icon, selectable menu item, switch, hyperlink, or other user interface control. 
     The display system  112  may have a touch-sensitive surface, sensor, or set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact. The display system  112  and the display controller  156  (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in the memory  102 ) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on the display system  112  and converts the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages or images) that are displayed on the display system  112 . In an example implementation, a point of contact between the display system  112  and the user corresponds to a finger of the user or a finger-wearable device. 
     The display system  112  optionally uses LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED (light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologies are used in other implementations. The display system  112  and the display controller  156  optionally detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of a plurality of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with the display system  112 . 
     The user optionally makes contact with the display system  112  using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger-wearable device, a finger, and so forth. In some implementations, the user interface is designed to work with finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some implementations, the electronic device  100  translates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired by the user. 
     The speaker  111  and the audio sensor(s)  113  provide an audio interface between a user and the electronic device  100 . Audio circuitry receives audio data from the peripherals interface  118 , converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to the speaker  111 . The speaker  111  converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves. Audio circuitry also receives electrical signals converted by the audio sensors  113  (e.g., a microphone) from sound waves. Audio circuitry converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to the peripherals interface  118  for processing. Audio data is, optionally, retrieved from and/or transmitted to the memory  102  and/or RF circuitry by the peripherals interface  118 . In some implementations, audio circuitry also includes a headset jack. The headset jack provides an interface between audio circuitry and removable audio input/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headset with both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input (e.g., a microphone). 
     The inertial measurement unit (IMU)  130  includes accelerometers, gyroscopes, and/or magnetometers in order measure various forces, angular rates, and/or magnetic field information with respect to the electronic device  100 . Accordingly, according to various implementations, the IMU  130  detects one or more positional change inputs of the electronic device  100 , such as the electronic device  100  being shaken, rotated, moved in a particular direction, and/or the like. 
     The image sensor(s)  143  capture still images and/or video. In some implementations, an image sensor  143  is located on the back of the electronic device  100 , opposite a touch screen on the front of the electronic device  100 , so that the touch screen is enabled for use as a viewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition. In some implementations, another image sensor  143  is located on the front of the electronic device  100  so that the user&#39;s image is obtained (e.g., for selfies, for videoconferencing while the user views the other video conference participants on the touch screen, etc.). In some implementations, the image sensor(s) are integrated within an HMD. 
     The contact intensity sensors  165  detect intensity of contacts on the electronic device  100  (e.g., a touch input on a touch-sensitive surface of the electronic device  100 ). The contact intensity sensors  165  are coupled with the intensity sensor controller  159  in the I/O subsystem  106 . The contact intensity sensor(s)  165  optionally include one or more piezoresistive strain gauges, capacitive force sensors, electric force sensors, piezoelectric force sensors, optical force sensors, capacitive touch-sensitive surfaces, or other intensity sensors (e.g., sensors used to measure the force (or pressure) of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface). The contact intensity sensor(s)  165  receive contact intensity information (e.g., pressure information or a proxy for pressure information) from the physical environment. In some implementations, at least one contact intensity sensor  165  is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface of the electronic device  100 . In some implementations, at least one contact intensity sensor  165  is located on the side of the electronic device  100 . 
     The eye tracking sensor(s)  164  detect eye gaze of a user of the electronic device  100  and generate eye tracking data indicative of the eye gaze of the user. In various implementations, the eye tracking data includes data indicative of a fixation point (e.g., point of regard) of the user on a display panel, such as a display panel within a head-mountable device (HMD), a head-mountable enclosure, or within a heads-up display. 
     The extremity tracking sensor  150  obtains extremity tracking data indicative of a position of an extremity of a user. For example, in some implementations, the extremity tracking sensor  150  corresponds to a hand tracking sensor that obtains hand tracking data indicative of a position of a hand or a finger of a user within a particular object. In some implementations, the extremity tracking sensor  150  utilizes computer vision techniques to estimate the pose of the extremity based on camera images. 
     In various implementations, the electronic device  100  includes a privacy subsystem  170  that includes one or more privacy setting filters associated with user information, such as user information included in extremity tracking data, eye gaze data, and/or body position data associated with a user. In some implementations, the privacy subsystem  170  selectively prevents and/or limits the electronic device  100  or portions thereof from obtaining and/or transmitting the user information. To this end, the privacy subsystem  170  receives user preferences and/or selections from the user in response to prompting the user for the same. In some implementations, the privacy subsystem  170  prevents the electronic device  100  from obtaining and/or transmitting the user information unless and until the privacy subsystem  170  obtains informed consent from the user. In some implementations, the privacy subsystem  170  anonymizes (e.g., scrambles or obscures) certain types of user information. For example, the privacy subsystem  170  receives user inputs designating which types of user information the privacy subsystem  170  anonymizes. As another example, the privacy subsystem  170  anonymizes certain types of user information likely to include sensitive and/or identifying information, independent of user designation (e.g., automatically). 
     The electronic device  100  includes a communication interface  190  that is provided to communicate with a finger-wearable device, such as the finger-wearable device  200  illustrated in  FIG.  2    or the finger-wearable device  320  in  FIGS.  3 A- 3 W . For example, the communication interface  190  corresponds to one of a BLUETOOTH interface, IEEE 802.11x interface, near field communication (NFC) interface, and/or the like. According to various implementations, the electronic device  100  obtains finger manipulation data from the finger-wearable device via the communication interface  190 , as will be further described below. 
       FIG.  2    is a block diagram of an example of a finger-wearable device  200 . The finger-wearable device  200  includes memory  202  (which optionally includes one or more computer readable storage mediums), memory controller  222 , one or more processing units (CPUs)  220 , peripherals interface  218 , RF circuitry  208 , and input/output (I/O) subsystem  206 . These components optionally communicate over one or more communication buses or signal lines  203 . One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the finger-wearable device  200  illustrated in  FIG.  2    is one example of a finger-wearable device, and that the finger-wearable device  200  optionally has more or fewer components than shown, optionally combines two or more components, or optionally has a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown in  FIG.  2    are implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof, including one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits. 
     The finger-wearable device  200  includes a power system  262  for powering the various components. The power system  262  optionally includes a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices and/or portable accessories. 
     The memory  202  optionally includes high-speed random-access memory and optionally also includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Access to memory  202  by other components of the finger-wearable device  200 , such as CPU(s)  220  and the peripherals interface  218 , is, optionally, controlled by memory controller  222 . 
     The peripherals interface  218  can be used to couple input and output peripherals of the finger-wearable device  200  to the CPU(s)  220  and the memory  202 . The one or more processors  220  run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in memory  202  to perform various functions for the finger-wearable device  200  and to process data. 
     In some implementations, the peripherals interface  218 , the CPU(s)  220 , and the memory controller  222  are, optionally, implemented on a single chip, such as chip  204 . In some implementations, they are implemented on separate chips. 
     The RF (radio frequency) circuitry  208  receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals. The RF circuitry  208  converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with the electronic device  100  or  310 , communications networks, and/or other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals. The RF circuitry  208  optionally includes well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RF circuitry  208  optionally communicates with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), Evolution, Data-Only (EV-DO), HSPA, HSPA+, Dual-Cell HSPA (DC-HSPA), long term evolution (LTE), near field communication (NFC), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), BLUETOOTH, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11ac, IEEE 802.11ax, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document. 
     The I/O subsystem  206  couples input/output peripherals on the finger-wearable device  200 , such as other input or control devices  216 , with the peripherals interface  218 . The I/O subsystem  206  optionally includes one or more positional sensor controllers  258 , one or more intensity sensor controllers  259 , a haptic feedback controller  261 , and one or more other input controllers  260  for other input or control devices. The one or more other input controllers  260  receive/send electrical signals from/to other input or control devices  216 . The other input or control devices  216  optionally include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, click wheels, and so forth. In some implementations, the other input controller(s)  260  are, optionally, coupled with any (or none) of the following: an infrared port and/or a USB port. 
     In some implementations, the finger-wearable device  200  includes one or more positional sensors  266  that output positional data associated with the finger-wearable device  200 . The positional data is indicative of a position, orientation, or movement of the finger-wearable device  200 , such as a rotational movement or translational movement of the finger-wearable device  200 . For example, the positional sensor(s)  266  include an inertial measurement unit (IMU) that provides 3D rotational data, such as roll, pitch, and yaw information. To that end, the IMU may include a combination of an accelerometer, gyroscopes, and magnetometers. As another example, the positional sensor(s)  266  include a magnetic sensor that provides 3D positional data and/or 3D orientation data, such as the position of the finger-wearable device  200 . For example, the magnetic sensor measures weak magnetic fields in order to determine a position of the finger-wearable device  200 . 
     In some implementations, the finger-wearable device  200  includes one or more contact intensity sensors  268  for detecting intensity (e.g., force or pressure) of a contact of a finger, wearing the finger-wearable device  200 , on a physical object. The one or more contact intensity sensors  268  output contact intensity data associated with the finger-wearable device  200 . As one example, the contact intensity data is indicative of the force or pressure of a tap gesture associated with a finger, which is wearing the finger-wearable device  200 , tapping on a surface of a physical table. The one or more contact intensity sensors  268  may include an interferometer. The one or more contact intensity sensors  268  may include one or more piezoresistive strain gauges, capacitive force sensors, electric force sensors, piezoelectric force sensors, optical force sensors, capacitive touch-sensitive surfaces, or other intensity sensors. 
     The finger-wearable device  200  optionally includes one or more tactile output generators  263  for generating tactile outputs on the finger-wearable device  200 . In some implementations, the term “tactile output” refers to physical displacement of an accessory (e.g., the finger-wearable device  200 ) of an electronic device (e.g., the electronic device  100 ) relative to a previous position of the accessory, physical displacement of a component of an accessory relative to another component of the accessory, or displacement of the component relative to a center of mass of the accessory that will be detected by a user with the user&#39;s sense of touch. For example, in situations where the accessory or the component of the accessory is in contact with a surface of a user that is sensitive to touch (e.g., a finger, palm, or other part of a user&#39;s hand), the tactile output generated by the physical displacement will be interpreted by the user as a tactile sensation corresponding to a perceived change in physical characteristics of the accessory or the component of the accessory. For example, movement of a component (e.g., the housing of the finger-wearable device  200 ) is, optionally, interpreted by the user as a “click” of a physical actuator button. In some cases, a user will feel a tactile sensation such as a “click” even when there is no movement of a physical actuator button associated with the finger-wearable device that is physically pressed (e.g., displaced) by the user&#39;s movements. While such interpretations of touch by a user will be subject to the individualized sensory perceptions of the user, there are many sensory perceptions of touch that are common to a large majority of users. Thus, when a tactile output is described as corresponding to a particular sensory perception of a user (e.g., a “click,”), unless otherwise stated, the generated tactile output corresponds to physical displacement of the electronic device or a component thereof that will generate the described sensory perception for a typical (or average) user. 
       FIG.  2    shows the tactile output generator(s)  263  coupled with a haptic feedback controller  261 . The tactile output generator(s)  263  optionally include one or more electroacoustic devices such as speakers or other audio components and/or electromechanical devices that convert energy into linear motion such as a motor, solenoid, electroactive polymer, piezoelectric actuator, electrostatic actuator, or other tactile output generating component (e.g., a component that converts electrical signals into tactile outputs on the electronic device). The tactile output generator(s)  263  receive tactile feedback generation instructions from a haptic feedback system  234  and generates tactile outputs on the finger-wearable device  200  that are capable of being sensed by a user of the finger-wearable device  200 . 
     In some implementations, the software components stored in the memory  202  include an operating system  226 , a communication system (or set of instructions)  228 , a position system (or set of instructions)  230 , a contact intensity system (or set of instructions)  232 , a haptic feedback system (or set of instructions)  234 , and a gesture interpretation system (or set of instructions)  236 . Furthermore, in some implementations, the memory  202  stores device/global internal state associated with the finger-wearable device. The device/global internal state includes one or more of: sensor state, including information obtained from the finger wearable device&#39;s various sensors and other input or control devices  216 ; positional state, including information regarding the finger-wearable device&#39;s position (e.g., position, orientation, tilt, roll and/or distance) relative to an electronic device (e.g., the electronic device  100 ); and location information concerning the finger-wearable device&#39;s absolute position. 
     The operating system  226  includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components. 
     The communication system  228  facilitates communication with other devices (e.g., the electronic device  100  or the electronic device  310 ), and also includes various software components (e.g., for handling data received by the RF circuitry  208 ) that are adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). 
     The position system  230 , in conjunction with positional data from the one or more positional sensor(s)  266 , optionally detects positional information concerning the finger-wearable device  200 . The position system  230  optionally includes software components for performing various operations related to detecting the position of the finger-wearable device  200  and detecting changes to the position of the finger-wearable device  200  in a particular frame of reference. In some implementations, the position system  230  detects the positional state of the finger-wearable device  200  relative to the electronic device and detects changes to the positional state of the finger-wearable device  200  relative to the electronic device. As noted above, in some implementations, the electronic device  100  or  310  determines the positional state of the finger-wearable device  200  relative to the electronic device and changes to the positional state of the finger-wearable device  200  using information from the position system  230 . 
     The contact intensity system  232 , in conjunction with contact intensity data from the one or more contact intensity sensor(s)  268 , optionally detects contact intensity information associated with the finger-wearable device  200 . The contact intensity system  232  includes software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact, such as detecting the intensity and/or duration of a contact between the finger-wearable device  200  and a desk surface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which is represented by a series of contact intensity data, optionally includes determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. 
     The haptic feedback system  234  includes various software components for generating instructions used by the tactile output generator(s)  263  to produce tactile outputs at one or more locations on finger-wearable device  200  in response to user interactions with the finger-wearable device  200 . 
     The finger-wearable device  200  optionally includes a gesture interpretation system  236 . The gesture interpretation system  236  coordinates with the position system  230  and/or the contact intensity system  232  in order to determine a gesture performed by the finger-wearable device. For example, the gesture includes one or more of: a pinch gesture, a pull gesture, a pinch and pull gesture, a rotational gesture, a tap gesture, and/or the like. In some implementations, the finger-wearable device  200  does not include a gesture interpretation system, and an electronic device or a system (e.g., the gesture interpretation system  445  in  FIG.  4   ) determines a gesture performed by the finger-wearable device  200  based on finger manipulation data from the finger-wearable device  200 . In some implementations, a portion of the gesture determination is performed at the finger-wearable device  200 , and a portion of the gesture determination is performed at an electronic device/system. In some implementations, the gesture interpretation system  236  determines a time duration associated with a gesture. In some implementations, the gesture interpretation system  236  determines a contact intensity associated with a gesture, such as an amount of pressure associated with a finger (wearing the finger-wearable device  200 ) tapping on a physical surface. 
     Each of the above identified modules and applications correspond to a set of executable instructions for performing one or more functions described above and the methods described in this application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods described herein). These systems (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some implementations, the memory  202  optionally stores a subset of the systems and data structures identified above. Furthermore, the memory  202  optionally stores additional systems and data structures not described above. 
       FIGS.  3 A- 3 W  are examples of an electronic device  310  mapping a computer-generated trackpad to a content manipulation region in accordance with some implementations. While pertinent features are shown, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate from the present disclosure that various other features have not been illustrated for the sake of brevity and so as not to obscure more pertinent aspects of the example implementations disclosed herein. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  3 A , an electronic device  310  is associated with (e.g., operates according to) an operating environment  300 . In some implementations, the electronic device  310  is similar to and adapted from the electronic device  100  in  FIG.  1   . In some implementations, the electronic device  310  generates one of the XR settings described above. 
     The electronic device  310  includes a display  312  that is associated with a viewable region  314  of the operating environment  300 . For example, in some implementations, the electronic device  310  includes an image sensor associated with a field-of-view corresponding to the viewable region  314 , and the electronic device  310  composites pass through image data from the image sensor with computer-generated content. As another example, in some implementations, the electronic device  310  includes a see-through display  312  that enables ambient light to enter from a portion of a physical environment that is associated with the viewable region  314 . The operating environment  300  includes a physical table  302  and a physical lamp  304  lying atop the physical table  302 . The viewable region  314  includes a portion of the physical table  302  and the physical lamp  304 . 
     A finger-wearable device  320  can be worn on a finger of a first hand  52  of a user  50 . In some implementations, the finger-wearable device  320  is similar to and adapted from the finger-wearable device  200  illustrated in  FIG.  2   . 
     In some implementations, the electronic device  310  includes a communication interface (e.g., the communication interface  190  in  FIG.  1   ) that is provided to communicate with the finger-wearable device  320 . The electronic device  310  establishes a communication link with the finger-wearable device  320 , as is indicated by a communication link line  322 . Establishing the link between the electronic device  310  and the finger-wearable device  320  is sometimes referred to as pairing or tethering. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the electronic device  310  may communicate with the finger-wearable device  320  according to a variety of communication protocols, such as BLUETOOTH, IEEE 802.11x, NFC, etc. The electronic device  310  obtains finger manipulation data from the finger-wearable device  320  via the communication interface. For example, the electronic device  310  obtains a combination of positional data (e.g., output by positional sensor(s) of the finger-wearable device  320 ) and contact intensity data (e.g., output by contact intensity sensor(s) of the finger-wearable device  320 ). 
     In some implementations, a second hand  54  of the user  50  is holding the electronic device  310 . For example, in some implementations, the electronic device  310  corresponds to one of a smartphone, laptop, tablet, etc. 
     In some implementations, the electronic device  310  corresponds to a head-mountable device (HMD) that includes an integrated display (e.g., a built-in display) that displays a representation of the operating environment  300 . In some implementations, the electronic device  310  includes a head-mountable enclosure. In various implementations, the head-mountable enclosure includes an attachment region to which another device with a display can be attached. In various implementations, the head-mountable enclosure is shaped to form a receptacle for receiving another device that includes a display (e.g., the electronic device  310 ). For example, in some implementations, the electronic device  310  slides/snaps into or otherwise attaches to the head-mountable enclosure. In some implementations, the display of the device attached to the head-mountable enclosure presents (e.g., displays) the representation of the operating environment  300 . For example, in some implementations, the electronic device  310  corresponds to a mobile phone that can be attached to the head-mountable enclosure. 
     In some implementations, the electronic device  310  includes an image sensor, such as a scene camera. For example, the image sensor obtains image data that characterizes the operating environment  300 , and the electronic device  310  composites the image data with computer-generated content in order to generate display data for display on the display  312 . The display data may be characterized by an XR environment. For example, the image sensor obtains image data that represents the portion of the physical table  302  and the physical lamp  304 , and the generated display data displayed on the display  312  displays respective representations of the portion of the physical table  302  and the physical lamp  304  (See  FIG.  3 B ). 
     In some implementations, the electronic device  310  includes a see-through display. The see-through display permits ambient light from the physical environment through the see-through display, and the representation of the physical environment is a function of the ambient light. For example, the see-through display is a translucent display, such as glasses with optical see-through. In some implementations, the see-through display is an additive display that enables optical see-through of the physical surface, such as an optical HMD (OHMD). For example, unlike purely compositing using a video stream, the additive display is capable of reflecting projected images off of the display while enabling the user to see through the display. In some implementations, the see-through display includes a photochromic lens. The HMD adds computer-generated objects to the ambient light entering the see-through display in order to enable display of the operating environment  300 . For example, a see-through display  312  permits ambient light from the operating environment  300  that includes the portion of the physical table  302  and the physical lamp  304 , and thus the see-through display  312  displays respective representations of the portion of the physical table  302  and the physical lamp  304  (See  FIG.  3 B ). 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  3 B , the electronic device  310  displays, on the display  312 , a representation of the portion of the physical table  302  (hereinafter sometimes “the portion of the physical table  302 ” or the “physical table  302 ” for the sake of brevity) and a representation of the physical lamp  304  (hereinafter sometimes “the physical lamp  304 ” for the sake of brevity). Moreover, the finger-wearable device  320  moves to within the viewable region  314 , and thus the display  312  displays a representation of the finger-wearable device  320  (hereinafter sometimes “the finger-wearable device  320 ” for the sake of brevity). 
     One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that, in various implementations, the finger-wearable device  320  is outside of the viewable region  314 . Nevertheless, the electronic device  310  obtains the finger manipulation data from the finger-wearable device  320  via the communication interface. As a result, the electronic device  310  may perform mapping according to various implementations disclosed herein, regardless of whether or not the finger-wearable device  320  is viewable on the display  312  or by any of the image sensors  143 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  3 C , the electronic device  310  displays, on the display  312 , a computer-generated representation of a trackpad  324  (hereinafter sometimes “the trackpad  324 ” for the sake of brevity). In some implementations, the electronic device  310  displays the trackpad  324  in response to establishing the communication link with the finger-wearable device  320 . In some implementations, the electronic device  310  displays one or more trackpad manipulation affordances  326   a - 326   c . The trackpad manipulation affordance(s)  326   a - 326   c  are provided to manipulate the trackpad  324  and will be described below. 
     The trackpad  324  is spatially associated with a physical surface. For example, with reference to  FIG.  3 C , the electronic device  310  overlays the trackpad  324  on the surface of the physical table  302 . To that end, in some implementations, the electronic device  310  identifies the physical surface (e.g., via instance segmentation or semantic segmentation with respect to image data) and overlays the trackpad  324  on a portion of the identified physical surface. 
     In some implementations, the trackpad  324  is a function of a dimensional criterion. For example, the electronic device  310  determines one or more dimensional characteristics (e.g., length, width, area) associated with the surface of the physical table  302  and generates the trackpad  324  in order to satisfy the dimensional criterion. As one example, with reference to  FIG.  3 C , the trackpad  324  is sized and positioned in order to fit on the surface of the physical table  302 . 
     In some implementations, the trackpad  324  is a function of an occlusion criterion associated with a physical object. For example, with reference to  FIG.  3 C , the electronic device  310  identifies the physical lamp  304 . Accordingly, the electronic device  310  positions the trackpad  324  on the display  312  so that the physical lamp  304  does not occlude the trackpad  324 . 
     In some implementations, the trackpad  324  is a function of a location of the finger-wearable device  320  on the display  312 . For example, in response to identifying the finger-wearable device  320  within the viewable region  314 , the electronic device  310  displays the trackpad  324  at a position on the display  312  such that the finger-wearable device  320  hovers over a portion of the trackpad  324 . 
     The physical surface (e.g., of the physical table  302 ) is viewable within the display  312  along with a content manipulation region  330  that is separate from the trackpad  324 . For example, the content manipulation region  330  includes application content, such as web browser content, word processing content, drawing application content, etc. Based on the finger manipulation data from the finger-wearable device  320 , the electronic device  310  determines a mapping between the trackpad  324  and the content manipulation region  330 . Details regarding the mapping are provided below. 
     In some implementations, the electronic device  310  generates the content manipulation region  330 . For example, the content manipulation region  330  corresponds to a virtual display screen, such as a virtual tablet. 
     In some implementations, the content manipulation region  330  is associated with a secondary device, such as a real-world laptop, real-world tablet, etc. For example, the electronic device  310  is communicatively coupled to the secondary device, and the secondary device includes a secondary display that displays the content manipulation region  330 . The electronic device  310  may utilize computer-vision in order to identify the secondary display. As one example, the electronic device  310  transmits instructions to the secondary device. The instructions instruct the secondary device to modify, on the secondary display, content within the content manipulation region  330  based on the mapping. 
     The electronic device  310  identifies a first location within the trackpad  324  based on the finger manipulation data. For example, in response to establishing the communication link with the finger-wearable device  320 , the electronic device  310  identifies the first location as approximately the center point of the trackpad  324 . 
     As another example, as illustrated in  FIG.  3 D , when the finger-wearable device  320  hovers over a portion of the trackpad  324 , the electronic device  310  maps a respective location of the finger-wearable device  320  to the first location within the trackpad  324  based on the finger manipulation data. The mapping is indicated by a hover line  332 , which is illustrated for purely explanatory purposes. In some implementations, the electronic device  310  displays, on the display  312 , a first indicator  334  indicating the first location. Displaying the first indicator  334  provides feedback to the user  50 , thereby reducing erroneous (e.g., unintended) inputs from the finger-wearable device  320  and reducing resource utilization by the electronic device  310 . 
     In some implementations, the appearance of the first indicator  334  is a function of a distance between the trackpad  324  and the finger-wearable device  320 . For example, in some implementations, as the finger-wearable device  320  moves downward towards the trackpad  324 , the electronic device  310  increases the size of the first indicator  334 , based on finger manipulation data. As another example, in some implementations, based on positional data and contact intensity data indicating that the finger-wearable device  320  contacts a portion of the physical table  302  corresponding to the trackpad  324 , the electronic device  310  changes the appearance of the first indicator  334 . For example, in response to detecting that the finger-wearable device  320  contacts the portion of the physical table  302 , the electronic device  310  changes an object type associated with the first indicator  334  (e.g., changes from a sphere to a cube) or changes an attribute of the first indicator  334  (e.g., makes brighter). 
     The electronic device  310  maps the first location within the trackpad  324  to a corresponding location within the content manipulation region  330 . As illustrated in  FIG.  3 D , the trackpad  324  is associated with a first dimensional characteristic (e.g., a first display area) that is different from a second dimensional characteristic (e.g., a second display area) associated with the content manipulation region  330 . In some implementations, despite differences in respective dimensional characteristics, the electronic device  310  maps between the trackpad  324  and the content manipulation region  330  according to a common aspect ratio. For example, the trackpad  324  corresponds to a 30 cm×30 cm square, and the content manipulation region  330  corresponds to a 160 cm×90 cm rectangle (190 cm width, 90 cm height). Continuing with the previous example, in response to detecting a 30 cm movement from the left edge of the trackpad  324  to the right edge of the trackpad  324 , the electronic device  310  maps from the left edge of the content manipulation region  330  to the right edge of the content manipulation region  330 . Accordingly, the electronic device  310  scales a 30 cm movement (associated with the trackpad  324 ) to a 160 cm movement (associated with the content manipulation region  330 ) in order to properly map movements associated with the trackpad  324  to the content manipulation region  330 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  3 D , the first location (as indicated by  334 ) is near the upper edge of the trackpad  324 , and approximately halfway in between the left edge of the trackpad  324  and a center vertical line of the trackpad  324 . Accordingly, the electronic device  310  maps the first location to a corresponding location within the content manipulation region  330 , and displays a second indicator  336  that is indicative of the mapping, as illustrated in  FIG.  3 E . The second indicator  336  overlaps the corresponding location within the content manipulation region  330 . Displaying the second indicator  336  indicates, to the user  50 , a mapping between a current location within the trackpad  324  and corresponding location within the content manipulation region  330 . Accordingly, the second indicator  336  provides positional feedback information to the user  50 , thereby reducing erroneous (e.g., unintended) inputs from the finger-wearable device  320  and reducing resource utilization by the electronic device  310 . Moreover, in contrast to other devices that update a position of a displayed cursor based on detecting a positional change with respect to a physical trackpad, the electronic device  310 , via the second indicator  336 , indicates the current position associated with the trackpad  324  as mapped to the content manipulation region  330 , independent of detecting a positional change with respect to the trackpad  324 . 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  3 F and  3 G , based on finger manipulation data indicative of a movement of the finger-wearable device  320  across the trackpad  324 , the electronic device  310  updates the mapping. As illustrated in  FIG.  3 F , the finger-wearable device  320  moves downwards across the surface of the physical table  302 , as indicated by movement line  338  (illustrated for purely explanatory purposes). Accordingly, based on finger manipulation data (e.g., 3D positional data and contact intensity data) obtained as the finger-wearable device  320  moves across the physical table  302 , the electronic device  310  determines that the finger-wearable device  320  moves downwards across the trackpad  324 . Based on the movement of the finger-wearable device  320 , the hover position with respect to the trackpad  324  accordingly changes. Thus, as indicated by an updated hover line  339  in  FIG.  3 G  (illustrated for purely explanatory purposes), the electronic device  310  determines a second position within the trackpad  324  and moves the first indicator  334  to the second position. Moreover, the electronic device  310  maps the second location to an updated location within the content manipulation region  330 . Thus, the electronic device  310  determines an updated location based on the second location, and correspondingly moves the second indicator  336  downwards, as illustrated in  FIG.  3 G . 
     In some implementations, rather than hover over the trackpad  324 , a finger, which is wearing the finger-wearable device  320 , moves across the surface of the physical table  302 . While the finger moves across the physical table  302 , the electronic device obtains positional data and contact intensity data from the finger-wearable device  320 . For example, based on positional data and interferometer data from the finger-wearable device  320 , the electronic device  320  detects deformation of the finger as the finger moves across the surface of the physical table  302 , and determines that the finger is moving across the physical table  302  based in part on the deformation. Accordingly, the electronic device  310  determines an updated location on the trackpad  324  based on data indicative of the movement of the finger, and maps to a respective location within the content manipulation region  330 . 
       FIGS.  3 H- 3 L  illustrate various examples of manipulating the trackpad  324 . As illustrated in  FIG.  3 H , the electronic device  310  displays, on the display  312 , a first trackpad manipulation affordance  326   a , a second trackpad manipulation affordance  326   b , and a third trackpad manipulation affordance  326   c . One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that, in some implementations, the number of trackpad manipulation affordances and respective corresponding trackpad manipulation operations may differ. 
     The electronic device  310  receives a first selection input  340  that selects the first trackpad manipulation affordance  326   a , as illustrated in  FIG.  3 H . The first trackpad manipulation affordance  326   a  is associated with a trackpad move operation. In some implementations, the first selection input  340  is directed to a spatial location on the display  312  that corresponds to a spatial location of the first trackpad manipulation affordance  326   a  on the display  312 . In some implementations, a particular selection input corresponds to one of an extremity tracking input, eye tracking input, stylus touch input, finger manipulation input via the finger-wearable device  320 , and/or the like. In response to receiving the first selection input  340  in  FIG.  3 H , the electronic device  310  selects the first trackpad manipulation affordance  326   a  and the corresponding trackpad move operation, as illustrated by a gray overlay displayed within the first trackpad manipulation affordance  326   a  in  FIG.  3 I . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  3 I , the electronic device  310  receives a first manipulation input  342  that is associated with the trackpad  324 . The first manipulation input  342  corresponds to a leftward drag of the trackpad  324 . In some implementations, a particular manipulation input corresponds to one of an extremity tracking input, eye tracking input, stylus touch input, finger manipulation input via the finger-wearable device  320 , and/or the like. 
     In response to receiving the first manipulation input  342  in  FIG.  3 I , the electronic device  310  manipulates the trackpad  324  according to the trackpad move operation that is associated with the selected first trackpad manipulation affordance  326   a . Namely, as illustrated in  FIGS.  3 I and  3 J , the electronic device  310  moves the trackpad  324  leftwards across the physical table  302  based on a magnitude of the first manipulation input  342 . Moreover, the electronic device  310  moves the one or more trackpad manipulation affordances  326   a - 326   c  leftwards in order to maintain the position of the one or more trackpad manipulation affordances  326   a - 326   c  relative to the trackpad  324 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  3 J , the electronic device  310  receives a second selection input  344  that selects the second trackpad manipulation affordance  326   b . The second trackpad manipulation affordance  326   b  is associated with a trackpad resize operation. In response to receiving the second selection input  344  in  FIG.  3 J , the electronic device  310  selects the second trackpad manipulation affordance  326   b  and the corresponding trackpad resize operation, as illustrated by a gray overlay displayed within the second trackpad manipulation affordance  326   b  in  FIG.  3 K . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  3 K , the electronic device  310  receives a second manipulation input  346  that is associated with the trackpad  324 . The second manipulation input  346  corresponds to an expansion of the trackpad  324  towards the bottom edge of the display  312 . In response to receiving the second manipulation input  346  in  FIG.  3 K , the electronic device  310  manipulates the trackpad  324  according to the trackpad resize operation that is associated with the selected second trackpad manipulation affordance  326   b . Namely, as illustrated in  FIGS.  3 K and  3 L , the electronic device  310  resizes (e.g., expands) the trackpad  324  downwards and rightwards towards the bottom edge of the display  312  based on a magnitude of the second manipulation input  346 . Moreover, the electronic device  310  moves the one or more trackpad manipulation affordances  326   a - 326   c  downwards and rightwards in order to maintain the position of the one or more trackpad manipulation affordances  326   a - 326   c  relative to the trackpad  324 . According to various implementations, based on an input from the user  50 , the electronic device  310  resizes the trackpad  324  or changes an aspect ratio associated with the trackpad  324 , while maintaining a common aspect ratio between the trackpad  324  and the content manipulation region  330 . 
       FIGS.  3 M- 3 Q  illustrate an example of manipulating content displayed within the content manipulation region  330  based on a corresponding mapping. As illustrated in  FIG.  3 M , the content manipulation region  330  includes content including a tree  350 . Moreover, the content manipulation region  330  includes one or more affordances  351  that are provided to enable a corresponding content manipulation operation with respect to a portion of the content. As illustrated in  FIG.  3 M , the one or more affordances  351  correspond to one or more drawing tools, with the pencil drawing tool being currently selected. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that, in some implementations, the number and types of affordances may differ. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  3 N , the finger-wearable device  320  moves within the viewable region  314  and thus the display  312  displays the finger-wearable device  320 . Moreover, as is indicated by tap indicator  352  (illustrated for purely explanatory purposes), the finger-wearable device  320  begins to perform a tap gesture onto the trackpad  324 . As the finger-wearable device  320  performs the tap gesture, the electronic device  310  receives finger manipulation data from the finger-wearable device  320 . For example, the electronic device  310  receives 3D rotational data from an IMU sensor integrated in the finger-wearable device  320  and 3D positional data from a magnetic sensor integrated in the finger-wearable device  320 . As another example, the electronic device  310  also receives contact intensity data from a contact intensity sensor integrated in the finger-wearable device  320 . The electronic device  310  maps a respective location of the finger-wearable device  320  to a third location within the trackpad  324  based on the finger manipulation data. In some implementations, the electronic device  310  displays, on the display  312 , a third indicator corresponding to the third location. The electronic device  310  maps the third location within the trackpad  324  to a corresponding location within the content manipulation region  330 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  3 O , the finger-wearable device  320  finishes performing the tap gesture. Based on the finger manipulation data, the electronic device  310  determines that the finger-wearable device  320  performs the tap gesture. For example, the electronic device  310  determines that the finger-wearable device  320  performs the tap gesture based on positional data that indicates that the movement of the finger-wearable device  320  is downwards and terminates within the trackpad  324 . As another example, based on the contact intensity data, the electronic device  310  detects a threshold amount of pressure that results from a finger, which is wearing the finger-wearable device  320 , tapping on the physical table  302 . The electronic device  310  displays a fourth indicator  354  indicative of the mapping. The fourth indicator  354  provides useful feedback to the user  50 , such as a location on the tree  350  on which a drawing mark will be displayed, as will be described below. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  3 P and  3 Q , the finger-wearable device  320  moves across the trackpad  324 , as is indicated by movement line  356  (illustrated for purely explanatory purposes). Accordingly, as illustrated in  FIG.  3 Q , the electronic device  320  updates the location of the fourth indicator  354  within the content manipulation region  330  according to the magnitude of the movement of the finger-wearable device  320 . Moreover, the electronic device  320  displays, within the content manipulation region  330 , a pencil mark  358  according to the magnitude of the movement of the finger-wearable device  320 , because the pencil drawing tool is currently selected. 
     In some implementations, in response to receiving an input directed to a particular one of the one or more affordances  351 , the electronic device  310  changes the currently selected affordance to the particular one of the one or more affordances  351 . In some implementations, the input may be one of an extremity tracking input, eye tracking input, stylus input, input from the finger-wearable device  320 , etc. For example, the finger-wearable device  320  moves to a location on the display  312  that corresponds to a pen drawing tool affordance. Accordingly, the electronic device  310  changes selection from the pencil drawing operation to a pen drawing operation that is associated with the pen drawing tool affordance. Thus, a subsequent finger manipulation input directed to within the trackpad  324  results in the electronic device  310  displaying a pen (not pencil) mark at a mapped location within the content manipulation region  330 . 
       FIGS.  3 R- 3 W  illustrate an example of manipulating the content manipulation region  330  based on determining that a mapping satisfied a proximity threshold with respect to an affordance  359 . Although the finger-wearable device  320  is outside of the field-of-view corresponding to the viewable region  314  (and thus not displayed on the display  312 ) in  FIGS.  3 R- 3 W , one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that, in some implementations, the mapping occurs while the finger-wearable device  320  is within the field-of-view corresponding to the viewable region  314 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  3 R , the electronic device  310  displays the affordance  359  on the display  312 . The affordance  359  is associated with a manipulation operation with respect to the content manipulation region  330 . For example, in response to determining selection of the affordance  359 , the electronic device  310  changes the appearance of (e.g., resizing or repositing) the content manipulation region  330 , duplicates the content manipulation region  330 , invokes application content that is displayed within the content manipulation region  330 , and/or the like. The affordance  359  may be positioned outside of the content manipulation region  330 . As will be described below, the electronic device  310  displays various indicators to the user  50  in order to assist the user  50  in selecting the affordance  359 . 
     As further illustrated in  FIG.  3 R , although the finger-wearable device  320  is outside of the field-of-view corresponding to the viewable region  314 , the electronic device identifies a respective location associated with the finger-wearable device  320  based on finger manipulation data. Namely, the electronic device  310  displays a fifth indicator  360  that is indicative of the respective location, as illustrated in  FIG.  3 R . 
     Moreover, the respective location associated with the finger-wearable device  320  is spatially associated with the trackpad  324 . Namely, the respective location hovers over the trackpad  324 , as is indicated by hover indicator  362  (illustrated for purely explanatory purposes). Accordingly, the electronic device  310  maps the respective location to a corresponding location within the content manipulation region  330 , and displays a sixth indicator  364  within the content manipulation region  330  that is indicative of the mapping. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  3 S , the finger-wearable device  320  moves leftwards, as is indicated by movement line  366 . The electronic device  310  obtains finger manipulation data as the finger-wearable device  320  moves leftwards. Based on the finger manipulation data, the electronic device  310  updates the respective location associated with the finger-wearable device  320 . Notably, as indicated by an updated hover indicator  362  illustrated in  FIG.  3 T , the updated respective location is not associated with the trackpad  324  (e.g., no longer hovering over the trackpad  324 ). Nevertheless, as illustrated in  FIG.  3 T , the electronic device  310  continues to display fifth indicator  360  at a position corresponding to the updated respective location, in order to provide useful feedback to the user  50 . Moreover, in some implementations, the electronic device  310  continues to display the sixth indicator  364 , based on the updated respective location relative to the trackpad  324 . Namely, the electronic device  310  moves the sixth indicator  364  leftwards to a position that is outside of the content manipulation region  330 . Continuing to display the sixth indicator  364  provides feedback to the user  50  regarding the mapping, and thus aids the user  50  in selecting the affordance  359 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  3 U , the finger-wearable device  320  moves further leftwards, as is indicated by movement line  368 . The electronic device  310  obtains finger manipulation data as the finger-wearable device  320  moves further leftwards. Based on the finger manipulation data, the electronic device  310  updates the respective location associated with the finger-wearable device  320 , and accordingly repositions the fifth indicator  360  further leftwards, as illustrated in  FIGS.  3 U and  3 V . Moreover, the electronic device  310  maps the updated position of the fifth indicator  360  to an updated position of the sixth indicator  364 . Accordingly, as illustrated in  FIGS.  3 U and  3 V , the electronic device  310  moves the sixth indicator  364  further leftwards to the updated position. The updated position of the sixth indicator  364  satisfies a proximity threshold with respect to the affordance  359 . For example, the updated position of the sixth indicator  364  satisfies the proximity threshold when the updated position is less than a threshold distance from or within the affordance  359 . 
     Based on the updated position of the sixth indicator  364  satisfying the proximity threshold, the electronic device  310  selects the affordance  359 . In response to selection of the affordance  359 , the electronic device  310  resizes the content manipulation region  330  in order to include the affordance  359 , as illustrated in  FIG.  3 W . One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that selection of the affordance  359  may result in a different manipulation operation with respect to the content manipulation region  330 , as described above. 
     Although the examples described with reference to  FIGS.  3 A- 3 W  are directed to mapping based on finger manipulation data from the finger-wearable device  320 , various implementations include performing a similar mapping based on extremity identification data from an integrated computer vision system. For example, in some implementations, the electronic device  310  obtains image data, and performs a computer vision technique (e.g., semantic segmentation) with respect to the image data in order to identify an extremity of the user  50 . Accordingly, by using the computer vision technique, the electronic device  310  determines a location of the extremity within the trackpad  324 , and accordingly maps the location to a corresponding location within the content manipulation region  330 . 
       FIG.  4    is an example of a flow diagram of a method  400  of mapping a computer-generated trackpad to a content manipulation region in accordance with some implementations. In various implementations, the method  400  or portions thereof are performed by an electronic device (e.g., the electronic device  100  in  FIG.  1    or the electronic device  310  in  FIGS.  3 A- 3 W ). In various implementations, the method  400  or portions thereof are performed by a head-mountable device (HMD). In some implementations, the method  400  is performed by processing logic, including hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the method  400  is performed by a processor executing code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium (e.g., a memory). In various implementations, some operations in method  400  are, optionally, combined and/or the order of some operations is, optionally, changed. 
     As represented by block  402 , the method  400  includes obtaining extremity tracking data via an extremity tracker. For example, in some implementations, the extremity tracker includes a communication interface provided to communicate with a finger-wearable device. As another example, in some implementations, the extremity tracker includes a computer-vision system. 
     As represented by block  404 , in some implementations, the method  400  includes obtaining finger manipulation data from the finger-wearable device via the communication interface, wherein the finger manipulation data is included in the extremity tracking data. For example, as described with reference to  FIGS.  3 A- 3 W , the electronic device  310  obtains various types of finger manipulation data from the finger-wearable device  320 . The finger manipulation data may indicate positional (e.g., 6 degrees of freedom) and contact intensity (e.g., force or pressure) information associated with the finger-wearable device. In some implementations, the finger manipulation data is indicative of a gesture performed by the finger-wearable device. According to various implementations, the finger manipulation data corresponds to sensor data associated with one or more sensors integrated within the finger-wearable device. For example, as represented by block  406 , the sensor data includes positional data output from one or more positional sensors integrated in the finger-wearable device. As one example, the positional data is indicative of a rotational movement (e.g., IMU data) and/or a translational movement (e.g., magnetic sensor data) of the finger-wearable device, such as is illustrated in  FIGS.  3 F,  3 G,  3 P, and  3 Q . In some implementations, the magnetic sensor data is output by a magnetic sensor that is integrated within the finger-wearable device, wherein the magnetic sensor senses weak magnetic fields. As another example, as represented by block  408 , the sensor data includes contact intensity data output from a contact intensity sensor integrated in the finger-wearable device, such as in connection with the tap gesture on the physical table  302  illustrated in  FIGS.  3 N and  30   . As one example, the contact intensity data includes interferometer data that is indicative of tap pressure associated with a gesture that is performed by the finger-wearable device. The interferometer data may be from an interferometer that is integrated within the finger-wearable device. For example, the interferometer data indicates a pressure level associated with a finger, wearing the finger-wearable device, contacting a physical object. As one example, the finger-wearable device senses (e.g., via the contact intensity sensor) deflection of a pad of a finger when the finger contacts the physical surface. Accordingly, various implementations disclosed herein enable a user to feel a physical surface (and the texture of the physical surface) with which the user is interacting. As yet another example, in some implementations, the sensor data includes a combination of the positional data and the contact intensity data. 
     As represented by block  410 , in some implementations, the method  400  includes obtaining extremity identification data from the computer-vision system, wherein the extremity identification data is included in the extremity tracking data. For example, the computer-vision system performs a computer-vision technique (e.g., object identification) in order to identify an extremity with respect to image data. 
     As represented by block  412 , the method  400  includes displaying, on a display, a computer-generated representation of a trackpad that is spatially associated with a physical surface. As represented by block  410 , the physical surface is viewable within the display along with a content manipulation region that is separate from the computer-generated representation of the trackpad. For example, with reference to  FIG.  3 C , the electronic device  310  displays, on the display  312 , the trackpad  324 , which is spatially associated with (e.g., overlaid onto) the physical table  302 . Moreover, as illustrated in  FIG.  3 C , the content manipulation region  330  is viewable within the display  312  and is separate from the trackpad  324 . In some implementations, the content manipulation region  330  and the trackpad  324  and substantially orthogonal to each other. For example, with reference to  FIG.  3 C , the trackpad  324  is overlaid onto a horizontal surface of the physical table  302 , wherein the content manipulation region  330  is vertically oriented. As another example, the content manipulation region includes application content, such as web browser content, word processing content, drawing application content, etc. For example, in some implementations, the application content is displayed within the content manipulation region  330 , or within both the content manipulation region and the trackpad. Displaying the trackpad overlaid on the physical surface provides useful feedback to a user, such as haptic feedback resulting from a user&#39;s finger (wearing the finger-wearable device) contacting the physical surface. In some implementations, the method  400  includes sizing the trackpad in order to fit on the physical surface, thereby avoiding the situation in which the trackpad is excessively large or excessively far away (e.g., relatively high depth value) from a user to be efficiently manipulated. 
     In some implementations, as represented by block  416 , the content manipulation region corresponds to a computer-generated content manipulation region, such as a display screen of a virtual tablet. To that end, in some implementations, while displaying the computer-generated representation of the trackpad, the method  400  includes displaying the computer-generated content manipulation region. 
     In some implementations, as represented by block  418 , the content manipulation region corresponds to a real-world content manipulation region, such as a display screen of a secondary (e.g., auxiliary) device. To that end, in some implementations, an electronic device performing the method  400  is communicatively coupled to the secondary device (e.g., a tablet, laptop, smartphone), and the secondary device includes a secondary display that displays the content manipulation region. 
     As represented by block  420 , while displaying the computer-generated representation of the trackpad, the method  400  includes identifying a first location within the computer-generated representation of the trackpad based on the extremity tracking data. For example, with reference to  FIG.  3 D , the electronic device  310  determines a first location within the trackpad  324  (indicated by the first indicator  334 ) based on the positional data (e.g., a combination of 3D positional data and 3D rotational data) from the finger-wearable device  320 . As another example, with reference to  FIGS.  3 N and  30   , in addition to utilizing the positional data, the electronic device  310  utilizes contact intensity data from the finger-wearable device  320  in order to detect when the finger-wearable device  320  performs the tap gesture. Continuing with this example, the contact intensity data is indicative of a pressure level associated with a finger, wearing the finger-wearable device  320 , contacting the physical table  302 . In some implementations, an electronic device determines, based on the finger manipulation data, that the finger-wearable device satisfies a proximity threshold with respect to the computer-generated representation of the trackpad. For example, the finger-wearable device contacts or hovers over the computer-generated representation of the trackpad, as are respectively illustrated in  FIGS.  3 N- 30    and  FIG.  3 D . As another example, in some implementation, based on extremity identification data from a computer-vision system, an electronic device identifying a first location within the computer-generated representation of the trackpad. 
     As represented by block  422 , while displaying the computer-generated representation of the trackpad, the method  400  includes mapping the first location to a corresponding location within the content manipulation region. For example, with reference to  FIG.  3 E , the electronic device  310  maps the first location within the trackpad  324  (indicated by the first indicator  334 ) to a corresponding location within the content manipulation region  330  (as indicated by the second indicator  336 ). Namely, because the first location is positioned near the upper edge of the trackpad  324 , the electronic device  310  determines that the corresponding location is likewise positioned near the upper edge of the content manipulation region  330 . 
     As represented by block  424 , while displaying the computer-generated representation of the trackpad, the method  400  includes displaying an indicator indicative of the mapping. The indicator may overlap the corresponding location within the content manipulation region. For example, with reference to  FIG.  3 E , the electronic device  310  displays, on the display  312 , the second indicator  336  that is indicative of the mapping. In some implementations, method  400  includes displaying the indicator when the mapped location is within the content manipulation region, and ceasing to display the indicator when the mapped location moves outside of the content manipulation region. In some implementations, the method  400  includes displaying the indicator when a mapped location is outside of the content manipulation region but less than a threshold distance from an affordance. For example, with reference to  FIG.  3 T , the electronic device  310  maintains display of the sixth indicator  364  because a corresponding mapped location, which is outside of the content manipulation region  330 , is less than a threshold distance from the affordance  359 . One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the indicator may correspond to any type of content. 
     As represented by block  426 , in some implementations, the position of the indicator is based on a first distance between a representation of an extremity and the computer-generated representation of the trackpad. To that end, in some implementations, the method  400  includes determining a position of the representation of the extremity within an environment (e.g., an XR environment). In some implementations, an electronic device includes a computer-vision system that determines the position of the representation of the extremity, as represented within image data obtained from a camera. In some implementations, an electronic device determines the position of the representation of the extremity based on finger manipulation data. As one example, with reference to  FIG.  3 R , based on finger manipulation data the electronic device  310  determines a respective position associated with the finger-wearable device  320 , as indicated by the fifth indicator  360 . In the previous example, the fifth indicator  360  corresponds to the representation of the extremity. 
     According to various implementations, the method  400  includes positioning the indicator relative to the content manipulation region, based on the first distance. 
     In some implementations, the method  400  includes displaying the indicator at a second distance from the content manipulation region, wherein the second distance is based on a function of the first distance. The second distance may be proportional to the first distance. For example, as the representation of the extremity moves closer to the computer-generated representation of the trackpad, the indicator moves correspondingly closer to the content manipulation region (e.g., a lower z-value with respect to the content manipulation region). As a counterexample, as the representation of the extremity moves away from the computer-generated representation of the trackpad, the indicator moves correspondingly away from the content manipulation region (e.g., a higher z-value with respect to the content manipulation region). 
     As another example, in some implementations, based on the first distance being a nominal value (e.g., user&#39;s finger taps the table  302 , as illustrated in  FIG.  3 Q ), the method  400  includes positioning the indicator less than a threshold distance from the content manipulation region. The indicator may be positioned at a nominal distance from the content manipulation region. Continuing with this example, in some implementations, the method  400  includes maintaining the position of the indicator until the representation of the extremity moves more than a threshold distance away from the computer-generated representation of the trackpad. Accordingly, in some implementations, the indicator appears to be stuck to the content manipulation region, to a certain degree. 
     As represented by block  428 , in some implementations, the appearance of the indicator is based on the first distance between the representation of the extremity and the computer-generated representation of the trackpad. For example, in some implementations, based on the first distance being a nominal value (e.g., user&#39;s finger taps the table  302 , as illustrated in  FIG.  3 Q ), the method  400  includes setting the size of the indicator to a predetermined (e.g., nominal) size. In some implementations, the method  400  includes resizing the indicator based on a function of the first distance. For example, the method  400  includes increasing the size of the indicator as the first distance increases, and vice versa. Resizing the indicator may be based on a linear or piecewise function of the first distance. As another example, the method  400  includes changing a different characteristic associated with the indicator based on a function of the first distance, such as changing a color, shape, opacity, etc. associated with the indicator. 
     In some implementations, the method  400  includes concurrently modifying the position of the indicator and the appearance of the indicator based on the first distance. For example, as the first distance increases, an electronic device decreases a z-depth associated with the indicator (e.g., so as to appear to be moving away from the content manipulation region and towards the user) while increasing the size of the indicator. 
     As represented by block  430 , in some implementations, the method  400  includes manipulating the content manipulation region based on selection of an affordance. For example, with reference to  FIGS.  3 R- 3 W , the electronic device  310  maps the respective location associated with the finger-wearable device  320  to a corresponding location associated with the content manipulation region  330 , based on finger manipulation data. The electronic device  310  determines whether the corresponding location associated with the content manipulation region  330  satisfies a proximity threshold with respect to the affordance  359 . In response to determining satisfaction of the proximity threshold, the electronic device  310  selects the affordance  359 , and manipulates (e.g., resizes) the content manipulation region  330  according to a manipulation operation associated with the affordance  359 . 
     In some implementations, in response to detecting, based on finger manipulation data, that the finger-wearable device moves outside of the trackpad, the method  400  includes displaying an affordance (e.g., a selectable button) at a corresponding location outside of the content manipulation region. For example, in response to detecting that the finger-wearable device moves to outside of the upper-right corner of the trackpad, an electronic device displays an affordance outside the upper-right corner of the content manipulation region. In some implementations, in response to detecting an input that selects (e.g., is spatially directed to) the affordance, the method  400  includes expanding the content manipulation region in order to include the position associated with the affordance. In some implementations, the method  400  includes displaying a focus selector (e.g., a cursor), based on a distance between an extremity of a user (e.g., tracked via finger manipulation data or extremity identification data) and the affordance. The focus selector is indicative of a location of the extremity. For example, the method  400  includes maintaining display of the focus selector when the extremity is less than or equal to a threshold distance from the affordance, and ceasing to display the focus selector when the extremity is farther than the threshold distance. 
       FIG.  5    is another example of a flow diagram of a method  500  of mapping a computer-generated trackpad to a content manipulation region in accordance with some implementations. In various implementations, the method  500  or portions thereof are performed by an electronic device (e.g., the electronic device  100  in  FIG.  1    or the electronic device  310  in  FIGS.  3 A- 3 W ). In various implementations, the method  500  or portions thereof are performed by a head-mountable device (HMD). In some implementations, the method  500  is performed by processing logic, including hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the method  500  is performed by a processor executing code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium (e.g., a memory). In various implementations, some operations in method  500  are, optionally, combined and/or the order of some operations is, optionally, changed. 
     As represented by block  502 , the method  500  includes obtaining extremity tracking data via an extremity tracker. 
     As represented by block  504 , the method  500  includes displaying, on a display, a computer-generated representation of a trackpad that is spatially associated with a physical surface. The physical surface is viewable within the display along with a content manipulation region that is separate from the computer-generated representation of the trackpad. In some implementations, the content manipulation region includes an affordance that is provided to enable a corresponding content manipulation operation with respect to a portion of the content manipulation region. For example, with reference to  FIG.  3 M , the content manipulation region  330  includes one or more affordances  351  respectively associated with one or more drawing tools. As one example, an input directed to a particular affordance results in activating a corresponding operation. For example, an input directed to a pencil tool affordance selects a pencil drawing operation as the currently active drawing operation. 
     As represented by block  506 , in some implementations, the method  500  includes auto-positioning or auto-sizing the computer-generated representation of the trackpad. To that end, in some implementations, the method  500  includes identifying the physical surface and overlaying the computer-generated representation of the trackpad on the physical surface. For example, with reference to  FIG.  3 C , the electronic device  310  identifies the surface of the physical table  302 , and overlays the trackpad  324  on the surface. In some implementations, identifying the physical surface includes performing various computer vision techniques (e.g., instance segmentation or semantic segmentation), optionally with the aid of a neural network. 
     In some implementations, as represented by block  508 , the method  500  includes determining one or more dimensional characteristics associated with the physical surface, wherein the computer-generated representation of the trackpad satisfies a dimensional criterion with respect to the one or more dimensional characteristics. Referring back to  FIG.  3 C , the electronic device  310  sizes and positions the trackpad  324  in order to fit on the surface of the physical table  302 . In some implementations, the method  500  utilizes respective dimensional characteristics associated with the trackpad and with the content manipulation region in order to map between the trackpad and the content manipulation region according to a common aspect ratio, as is described above. 
     In some implementations, as represented by block  510 , the computer-generated representation of the trackpad satisfies an occlusion criterion with respect to a physical object. For example, with reference to  FIG.  3 C , the electronic device  310  positions/sizes the trackpad  324  so that the physical lamp  304  does not occlude the trackpad  324 . As another example, the electronic device  310  positions/sizes the trackpad  324  so that a hand of the user  50  does not occlude a substantial portion of the trackpad  324 . 
     According to various implementations, as represented by block  512 , the method  500  includes manipulating the computer-generated representation of the trackpad based on one or more user inputs. To that end, while displaying the computer-generated representation of the trackpad, the method  500  includes displaying a trackpad manipulation affordance that is associated with a trackpad manipulation operation. For example, with reference to  FIG.  3 C , the electronic device  310  displays, on the display  312 , one or more trackpad manipulation affordances  326   a - 326   c . Moreover, the method  500  includes receiving a selection input selecting the trackpad manipulation affordance. For example, with reference to  FIG.  3 H , the electronic device receives the first selection input  340  that selects the first trackpad manipulation affordance  326   a  that is associated with a trackpad move operation. As another example, with reference to  FIG.  3 J , the electronic device receives the second selection input  344  that selects the second trackpad manipulation affordance  326   b  that is associated with a trackpad resize operation. Moreover, the method  500  includes, after receiving the selection input, receiving a manipulation input that is associated with the computer-generated representation of the trackpad and manipulating the computer-generated representation of the trackpad according to the manipulation input and the trackpad manipulation operation. For example, while the trackpad move operation is selected, the electronic device  310  receives a first manipulation input  342  in  FIG.  3 I , and the electronic device  310  accordingly moves the trackpad  324 , as illustrated in  FIG.  3 J . As another example, while the trackpad resize operation is selected, the electronic device  310  receives a second manipulation input  346  in  FIG.  3 K , and the electronic device  310  accordingly resizes the trackpad  324 , as illustrated in  FIG.  3 L . 
     As represented by block  514 , while displaying the computer-generated representation of the trackpad, the method  500  includes identifying a first location within the computer-generated representation of the trackpad based on the finger manipulation data. 
     As represented by block  516 , while displaying the computer-generated representation of the trackpad, the method  500  includes mapping the first location to a corresponding location within the content manipulation region. For example, in some implementations, the method  500  includes determining, based on finger manipulation data, that a finger-wearable device corresponds to a respective spatial location hovering over the computer-generated representation of the trackpad. Continuing with the previous example, mapping the first location within the computer-generated representation of the trackpad to the corresponding location within the content manipulation region includes mapping the respective spatial location to the first location, and mapping the first location to the corresponding location within the content manipulation region. In some implementations, mapping is based on a function of extremity identification data from a computer-vision system. 
     As represented by block  518 , while displaying the computer-generated representation of the trackpad, the method  500  includes displaying an indicator indicative of the mapping. For example, in some implementations, displaying the indicator includes modifying content that is displayed within the content manipulation region based on a function of the mapping. Modifying content may include one or more of annotating, editing content, etc. As one example, with reference to  FIGS.  3 P and  3 Q , in response to receiving finger manipulation data indicative of the finger-wearable device  320  moving across the trackpad  324 , the electronic device  310  displays the pencil mark  358  within the content manipulation region  330 . Continuing with the previous example, the pencil mark  358  may be generated by the electronic device  310  or may be generated (based on instructions from the electronic device  310 ) by a secondary device with a secondary display that display the content manipulation region  330 . For example, the electronic device  310  transmits instructions to a real-world tablet displaying the content manipulation region  330 , and the real-world tablet accordingly displays the pencil mark  358 . In some implementations, as represented by block  522 , modifying the content is further based on a function of an untethered input vector. The untethered input vector may be indicative of a combination of eye tracking indicator values (e.g., eye position, eye speed), extremity tracking indicator values (e.g., extremity position, extremity steadiness), etc. To that end, an electronic device includes an untethered input system that receives the untethered input vector. The untethered input system may include one or more of an eye tracking system, extremity tracking system, stylus input system, voice detection system, etc. 
     The present disclosure describes various features, no single one of which is solely responsible for the benefits described herein. It will be understood that various features described herein may be combined, modified, or omitted, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill. Other combinations and sub-combinations than those specifically described herein will be apparent to one of ordinary skill, and are intended to form a part of this disclosure. Various methods are described herein in connection with various flowchart steps and/or phases. It will be understood that in many cases, certain steps and/or phases may be combined together such that multiple steps and/or phases shown in the flowcharts can be performed as a single step and/or phase. Also, certain steps and/or phases can be broken into additional sub-components to be performed separately. In some instances, the order of the steps and/or phases can be rearranged and certain steps and/or phases may be omitted entirely. Also, the methods described herein are to be understood to be open-ended, such that additional steps and/or phases to those shown and described herein can also be performed. 
     Some or all of the methods and tasks described herein may be performed and fully automated by a computer system. The computer system may, in some cases, include multiple distinct computers or computing devices (e.g., physical servers, workstations, storage arrays, etc.) that communicate and interoperate over a network to perform the described functions. Each such computing device typically includes a processor (or multiple processors) that executes program instructions or modules stored in a memory or other non-transitory computer-readable storage medium or device. The various functions disclosed herein may be implemented in such program instructions, although some or all of the disclosed functions may alternatively be implemented in application-specific circuitry (e.g., ASICs or FPGAs or GP-GPUs) of the computer system. Where the computer system includes multiple computing devices, these devices may be co-located or not co-located. The results of the disclosed methods and tasks may be persistently stored by transforming physical storage devices, such as solid-state memory chips and/or magnetic disks, into a different state. 
     Various processes defined herein consider the option of obtaining and utilizing a user&#39;s personal information. For example, such personal information may be utilized in order to provide an improved privacy screen on an electronic device. However, to the extent such personal information is collected, such information should be obtained with the user&#39;s informed consent. As described herein, the user should have knowledge of and control over the use of their personal information. 
     Personal information will be utilized by appropriate parties only for legitimate and reasonable purposes. Those parties utilizing such information will adhere to privacy policies and practices that are at least in accordance with appropriate laws and regulations. In addition, such policies are to be well-established, user-accessible, and recognized as in compliance with or above governmental/industry standards. Moreover, these parties will not distribute, sell, or otherwise share such information outside of any reasonable and legitimate purposes. 
     Users may, however, limit the degree to which such parties may access or otherwise obtain personal information. For instance, settings or other preferences may be adjusted such that users can decide whether their personal information can be accessed by various entities. Furthermore, while some features defined herein are described in the context of using personal information, various aspects of these features can be implemented without the need to use such information. As an example, if user preferences, account names, and/or location history are gathered, this information can be obscured or otherwise generalized such that the information does not identify the respective user. 
     The disclosure is not intended to be limited to the implementations shown herein. Various modifications to the implementations described in this disclosure may be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other implementations without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure. The teachings of the invention provided herein can be applied to other methods and systems, and are not limited to the methods and systems described above, and elements and acts of the various implementations described above can be combined to provide further implementations. Accordingly, the novel methods and systems described herein may be implemented in a variety of other forms; furthermore, various omissions, substitutions and changes in the form of the methods and systems described herein may be made without departing from the spirit of the disclosure. The accompanying claims and their equivalents are intended to cover such forms or modifications as would fall within the scope and spirit of the disclosure.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20230227
Publication Date: 20241203
Grant Date: 20241203
Priority Date: 20200902
Inventors: POULOS, ADAM G.
BURNS, AARON M.
YOGANANDAN, ARUN RAKESH
BLACHNITZKY, Benjamin R.
GEORG, NICOLAI
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G06F3/017", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/014", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/017", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/014", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/011", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/017", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/014", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 77640724