PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-12154218-B2
Application Number: US-202217846962-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: User interfaces simulated depth effects

Abstract:
The present disclosure generally relates to user interfaces for adjusting simulated image effects. In some embodiments, user interfaces for adjusting a simulated depth effect is described. In some embodiments, user interfaces for displaying adjustments to a simulated depth effect is described. In some embodiments, user interfaces for indicating an interference to adjusting simulated image effects is described.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An electronic device, comprising:
 a display; 
 one or more input devices; 
 one or more processors; and 
 memory storing one or more programs configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for:
 receiving, via the one or more input devices, a request to apply a simulated depth effect to a representation of image data, wherein depth data for a subject within the representation of image data is available; and 
 in response to receiving the request to apply the simulated depth effect to the representation of image data, displaying, on the display, the representation of image data with the simulated depth effect, including:
 distorting a first portion of the representation of image data that has a first depth in a first manner, wherein distorting the first portion of the representation of image data in the first manner comprises distorting the first portion by a first degree of distortion and wherein the first manner is determined based on a distance of the first portion from a predefined portion of the representation of image data; and 
 distorting a second portion of the representation of image data that has the first depth in a second manner that is different from the first manner, wherein distorting the second portion of the representation of image data in the second manner comprises distorting the second portion by a second degree of distortion that is greater than the first degree of distortion and wherein the second manner is determined based on a distance of the second portion from the predefined portion of the representation of image data. 
 
 
 
     
     
       2. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein displaying, on the display, the representation of image data with the simulated depth effect further includes:
 distorting a third portion of the representation of image data that is a same distance from the predefined portion as the first portion and has a second depth that is different from the first depth in the first manner with a magnitude determined based on the second depth; and 
 distorting a fourth portion of the representation of image data that is a same distance from the predefined portion as the second portion and has the second depth in the second manner with a magnitude determined based on the second depth. 
 
     
     
       3. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein displaying, on the display, the representation of image data with the simulated depth effect further includes:
 distorting one or more portions of the representation of image data, that is a same distance from the predefined portion as the first portion and has the first depth, in the first manner. 
 
     
     
       4. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein:
 distorting the first portion of the representation of image data in the first manner comprises distorting the first portion based on a first distortion shape; and 
 distorting the second portion of the representation of image data in the second manner comprises distorting the second portion based on a second distortion shape different from the first distortion shape. 
 
     
     
       5. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein receiving, via the one or more input devices, the request to apply the simulated depth effect to the representation of image data comprises:
 detecting, via the one or more input devices, one or more inputs selecting a value of an image distortion parameter, wherein distorting the representation of image data is based on one or more user inputs selecting a value of an image distortion parameter. 
 
     
     
       6. The electronic device of  claim 5 , wherein selecting a different value for the image distortion parameter causes a first change to the first portion of the representation of the image data and causes a second change to the second portion of the representation of the image data, wherein the first change is different from the second change and the first change and the second change both include a same type of change. 
     
     
       7. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein:
 distorting the first portion in the first manner comprises blurring the first portion by a first magnitude; 
 distorting the second portion in the second manner comprises blurring the second portion by a second magnitude; 
 in accordance with a determination that the first portion is a greater distance from the predefined portion than a second distance is from the predefined portion, the first magnitude is greater than the second magnitude; and 
 in accordance with a determination that the second portion is a greater distance from the predefined portion than the first portion is from the predefined portion, the second magnitude is greater than the first magnitude. 
 
     
     
       8. The electronic device of  claim 1 , the one or more programs including instructions for:
 prior to receiving the request to apply the simulated depth effect to the representation of image data, displaying, on the display, the representation of image data; and 
 while displaying the representation of image data, detecting, using the image data, a presence of the subject within the representation of image data. 
 
     
     
       9. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein displaying, on the display, the representation of image data with the simulated depth effect further comprises:
 distorting the first portion of the representation of image data and the second portion of the representation of image data without distorting a portion of the representation of image data corresponding to the subject. 
 
     
     
       10. The electronic device of  claim 1 , wherein:
 distorting the first portion of the representation of image data includes distorting the first portion in accordance with a determination that the first portion does not correspond to the subject; and 
 distorting the second portion of the representation of image data includes distorting the second portion in accordance with a determination that the second portion does not correspond to the subject. 
 
     
     
       11. The electronic device of  claim 1 , the one or more programs including instructions for:
 in response to receiving the request to apply the simulated depth effect to the representation of image data, identifying, based on the image data, one or more objects within the representation of image data that are associated with light-emitting objects. 
 
     
     
       12. The electronic device of  claim 11 , wherein displaying, on the display, the representation of image data with the simulated depth effect further comprises:
 changing an appearance of one or more portions of the representation of image data that are associated with light-emitting objects in a third manner relative to the one or more portions of the representation of image data that are not associated with light-emitting objects. 
 
     
     
       13. The electronic device of  claim 12 , wherein changing the appearance of objects in the representation of image data that are associated with light-emitting objects in the third manner includes one or more of:
 increasing a brightness of the one or more portions of the representation of image data that are associated with light-emitting objects relative to other portions of the representation of image data that are not associated with light-emitting objects; 
 increasing a saturation of the one or more portions of the representation of image data that are associated with light-emitting objects relative to other portions of the representation of image data that are not associated with light-emitting objects; and 
 increasing a size of the one or more portions of the representation of image data that are associated with light-emitting objects relative to other portions of the representation of image data that are not associated with light-emitting objects. 
 
     
     
       14. The electronic device of  claim 12 , the one or more programs including instructions for:
 detecting, via the one or more input devices, one or more inputs directed to changing a value of an image distortion parameter, wherein distorting the representation of image data is based on one or more user inputs selecting a value of an image distortion parameter; and 
 in response to detecting the one or more inputs directed to changing the value of the image distortion parameter, changing a magnitude of change of the appearance of one or more portions of the representation of image data that are associated with light-emitting objects relative to other portions of the representation of image data that are not associated with light-emitting objects. 
 
     
     
       15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of an electronic device with a display and one or more input devices, the one or more programs including instructions for:
 receiving, via the one or more input devices, a request to apply a simulated depth effect to a representation of image data, wherein depth data for a subject within the representation of image data is available; and 
 in response to receiving the request to apply the simulated depth effect to the representation of image data, displaying, on the display, the representation of image data with the simulated depth effect, including:
 distorting a first portion of the representation of image data that has a first depth in a first manner, wherein distorting the first portion of the representation of image data in the first manner comprises distorting the first portion by a first degree of distortion and wherein the first manner is determined based on a distance of the first portion from a predefined portion of the representation of image data; and 
 distorting a second portion of the representation of image data that has the first depth in a second manner that is different from the first manner, wherein distorting the second portion of the representation of image data in the second manner comprises distorting the second portion by a second degree of distortion that is greater than the first degree of distortion and wherein the second manner is determined based on a distance of the second portion from the predefined portion of the representation of image data. 
 
 
     
     
       16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 15 , wherein displaying, on the display, the representation of image data with the simulated depth effect further includes:
 distorting a third portion of the representation of image data that is a same distance from the predefined portion as the first portion and has a second depth that is different from the first depth in the first manner with a magnitude determined based on the second depth; and 
 distorting a fourth portion of the representation of image data that is a same distance from the predefined portion as the second portion and has the second depth in the second manner with a magnitude determined based on the second depth. 
 
     
     
       17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 15 , wherein displaying, on the display, the representation of image data with the simulated depth effect further includes:
 distorting one or more portions of the representation of image data, that is a same distance from the predefined portion as the first portion and has the first depth, in the first manner. 
 
     
     
       18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 15 , wherein:
 distorting the first portion of the representation of image data in the first manner comprises distorting the first portion based on a first distortion shape; and 
 distorting the second portion of the representation of image data in the second manner comprises distorting the second portion based on a second distortion shape different from the first distortion shape. 
 
     
     
       19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 15 , wherein receiving, via the one or more input devices, the request to apply the simulated depth effect to the representation of image data comprises:
 detecting, via the one or more input devices, one or more inputs selecting a value of an image distortion parameter, wherein distorting the representation of image data is based on one or more user inputs selecting a value of an image distortion parameter. 
 
     
     
       20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 19 , wherein selecting a different value for the image distortion parameter causes a first change to the first portion of the representation of the image data and causes a second change to the second portion of the representation of the image data, wherein the first change is different from the second change and the first change and the second change both include a same type of change. 
     
     
       21. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 15 , wherein:
 distorting the first portion in the first manner comprises blurring the first portion by a first magnitude; 
 distorting the second portion in the second manner comprises blurring the second portion by a second magnitude; 
 in accordance with a determination that the first portion is a greater distance from the predefined portion than a second distance is from the predefined portion, the first magnitude is greater than the second magnitude; and 
 in accordance with a determination that the second portion is a greater distance from the predefined portion than the first portion is from the predefined portion, the second magnitude is greater than the first magnitude. 
 
     
     
       22. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 15 , the one or more programs including instructions for:
 prior to receiving the request to apply the simulated depth effect to the representation of image data, displaying, on the display, the representation of image data; and 
 while displaying the representation of image data, detecting, using the image data, a presence of the subject within the representation of image data. 
 
     
     
       23. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 15 , wherein displaying, on the display, the representation of image data with the simulated depth effect further comprises:
 distorting the first portion of the representation of image data and the second portion of the representation of image data without distorting a portion of the representation of image data corresponding to the subject. 
 
     
     
       24. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 15 , wherein:
 distorting the first portion of the representation of image data includes distorting the first portion in accordance with a determination that the first portion does not correspond to the subject; and 
 distorting the second portion of the representation of image data includes distorting the second portion in accordance with a determination that the second portion does not correspond to the subject. 
 
     
     
       25. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 15 , the one or more programs including instructions for:
 in response to receiving the request to apply the simulated depth effect to the representation of image data, identifying, based on the image data, one or more objects within the representation of image data that are associated with light-emitting objects. 
 
     
     
       26. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 25 , wherein displaying, on the display, the representation of image data with the simulated depth effect further comprises:
 changing an appearance of one or more portions of the representation of image data that are associated with light-emitting objects in a third manner relative to the one or more portions of the representation of image data that are not associated with light-emitting objects. 
 
     
     
       27. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 26 , wherein changing the appearance of objects in the representation of image data that are associated with light-emitting objects in the third manner includes one or more of:
 increasing a brightness of the one or more portions of the representation of image data that are associated with light-emitting objects relative to other portions of the representation of image data that are not associated with light-emitting objects; 
 increasing a saturation of the one or more portions of the representation of image data that are associated with light-emitting objects relative to other portions of the representation of image data that are not associated with light-emitting objects; and 
 increasing a size of the one or more portions of the representation of image data that are associated with light-emitting objects relative to other portions of the representation of image data that are not associated with light-emitting objects. 
 
     
     
       28. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of  claim 26 , the one or more programs including instructions for:
 detecting, via the one or more input devices, one or more inputs directed to changing a value of an image distortion parameter, wherein distorting the representation of image data is based on one or more user inputs selecting a value of an image distortion parameter; and 
 in response to detecting the one or more inputs directed to changing the value of the image distortion parameter, changing a magnitude of change of the appearance of one or more portions of the representation of image data that are associated with light-emitting objects relative to other portions of the representation of image data that are not associated with light-emitting objects. 
 
     
     
       29. A method, comprising:
 at an electronic device with a display and one or more input devices:
 receiving, via the one or more input devices, a request to apply a simulated depth effect to a representation of image data, wherein depth data for a subject within the representation of image data is available; and 
 in response to receiving the request to apply the simulated depth effect to the representation of image data, displaying, on the display, the representation of image data with the simulated depth effect, including:
 distorting a first portion of the representation of image data that has a first depth in a first manner, wherein distorting the first portion of the representation of image data in the first manner comprises distorting the first portion by a first degree of distortion and wherein the first manner is determined based on a distance of the first portion from a predefined portion of the representation of image data; and 
 distorting a second portion of the representation of image data that has the first depth in a second manner that is different from the first manner, wherein distorting the second portion of the representation of image data in the second manner comprises distorting the second portion by a second degree of distortion that is greater than the first degree of distortion and wherein the second manner is determined based on a distance of the second portion from the predefined portion of the representation of image data. 
 
 
 
     
     
       30. The method of  claim 29 , wherein displaying, on the display, the representation of image data with the simulated depth effect further includes:
 distorting a third portion of the representation of image data that is a same distance from the predefined portion as the first portion and has a second depth that is different from the first depth in the first manner with a magnitude determined based on the second depth; and 
 distorting a fourth portion of the representation of image data that is a same distance from the predefined portion as the second portion and has the second depth in the second manner with a magnitude determined based on the second depth. 
 
     
     
       31. The method of  claim 29 , wherein displaying, on the display, the representation of image data with the simulated depth effect further includes:
 distorting one or more portions of the representation of image data, that is a same distance from the predefined portion as the first portion and has the first depth, in the first manner. 
 
     
     
       32. The method of  claim 29 , wherein:
 distorting the first portion of the representation of image data in the first manner comprises distorting the first portion based on a first distortion shape; and 
 distorting the second portion of the representation of image data in the second manner comprises distorting the second portion based on a second distortion shape different from the first distortion shape. 
 
     
     
       33. The method of  claim 29 , wherein receiving, via the one or more input devices, the request to apply the simulated depth effect to the representation of image data comprises:
 detecting, via the one or more input devices, one or more inputs selecting a value of an image distortion parameter, wherein distorting the representation of image data is based on one or more user inputs selecting a value of an image distortion parameter. 
 
     
     
       34. The method of  claim 33 , wherein selecting a different value for the image distortion parameter causes a first change to the first portion of the representation of the image data and causes a second change to the second portion of the representation of the image data, wherein the first change is different from the second change and the first change and the second change both include a same type of change. 
     
     
       35. The method of  claim 29 , wherein:
 distorting the first portion in the first manner comprises blurring the first portion by a first magnitude; 
 distorting the second portion in the second manner comprises blurring the second portion by a second magnitude; 
 in accordance with a determination that the first portion is a greater distance from the predefined portion than a second distance is from the predefined portion, the first magnitude is greater than the second magnitude; and 
 in accordance with a determination that the second portion is a greater distance from the predefined portion than the first portion is from the predefined portion, the second magnitude is greater than the first magnitude. 
 
     
     
       36. The method of  claim 29 , further comprising:
 prior to receiving the request to apply the simulated depth effect to the representation of image data, displaying, on the display, the representation of image data; and 
 while displaying the representation of image data, detecting, using the image data, a presence of the subject within the representation of image data. 
 
     
     
       37. The method of  claim 29 , wherein displaying, on the display, the representation of image data with the simulated depth effect further comprises:
 distorting the first portion of the representation of image data and the second portion of the representation of image data without distorting a portion of the representation of image data corresponding to the subject. 
 
     
     
       38. The method of  claim 29 , wherein:
 distorting the first portion of the representation of image data includes distorting the first portion in accordance with a determination that the first portion does not correspond to the subject; and 
 distorting the second portion of the representation of image data includes distorting the second portion in accordance with a determination that the second portion does not correspond to the subject. 
 
     
     
       39. The method of  claim 29 , further comprising:
 in response to receiving the request to apply the simulated depth effect to the representation of image data, identifying, based on the image data, one or more objects within the representation of image data that are associated with light-emitting objects. 
 
     
     
       40. The method of  claim 39 , wherein displaying, on the display, the representation of image data with the simulated depth effect further comprises:
 changing an appearance of one or more portions of the representation of image data that are associated with light-emitting objects in a third manner relative to the one or more portions of the representation of image data that are not associated with light-emitting objects. 
 
     
     
       41. The method of  claim 40 , wherein changing the appearance of objects in the representation of image data that are associated with light-emitting objects in the third manner includes one or more of:
 increasing a brightness of the one or more portions of the representation of image data that are associated with light-emitting objects relative to other portions of the representation of image data that are not associated with light-emitting objects; 
 increasing a saturation of the one or more portions of the representation of image data that are associated with light-emitting objects relative to other portions of the representation of image data that are not associated with light-emitting objects; and 
 increasing a size of the one or more portions of the representation of image data that are associated with light-emitting objects relative to other portions of the representation of image data that are not associated with light-emitting objects. 
 
     
     
       42. The method of  claim 40 , further comprising:
 detecting, via the one or more input devices, one or more inputs directed to changing a value of an image distortion parameter, wherein distorting the representation of image data is based on one or more user inputs selecting a value of an image distortion parameter; and 
 in response to detecting the one or more inputs directed to changing the value of the image distortion parameter, changing a magnitude of change of the appearance of one or more portions of the representation of image data that are associated with light-emitting objects relative to other portions of the representation of image data that are not associated with light-emitting objects.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. Nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 16/144,629, entitled “USER INTERFACES FOR SIMULATED DEPTH EFFECTS,” filed Sep. 27, 2018, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/729,926, entitled “USER INTERFACES FOR SIMULATED DEPTH EFFECTS,” filed Sep. 11, 2018, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates generally to computer user interfaces, and more specifically to techniques for managing user interfaces for simulated depth effects. 
     BACKGROUND 
     At present, a user cannot capture an image or photo with precise depth-of-field properties without the aid of a bulky camera. Furthermore, a user cannot quickly and easily make precise adjustments to depth-of-field properties of a stored image or photo. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY 
     Some techniques for simulating depth effects using electronic devices, however, are generally cumbersome and inefficient. For example, some existing techniques use a complex and time-consuming user interface, which may include multiple key presses or keystrokes. Existing techniques require more time than necessary, wasting user time and device energy. This latter consideration is particularly important in battery-operated devices. 
     Accordingly, the present technique provides electronic devices with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for simulated depth effects. Such methods and interfaces optionally complement or replace other methods for simulated depth effects. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated computing devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges. Such methods and interfaces also enable easy application and editing of applied depth effects using only the electronic device without the aid of another device, thereby enhancing user efficiency and convenience. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method performed at an electronic device with a display and one or more input devices is described. The method comprises: displaying, on the display, a representation of image data; while displaying the representation of image data with a simulated depth effect as modified by a first value of a plurality of selectable values for the simulated depth effect, detecting, via the one or more input devices, a first input; in response to detecting the first input, displaying, on the display, an adjustable slider associated with manipulating the representation of image data, wherein the adjustable slider includes: a plurality of option indicators corresponding to a plurality of the selectable values for the simulated depth effect; and a selection indicator indicating that the first value is a currently-selected simulated depth effect value; while displaying the adjustable slider, detecting, via the one or more input devices, an input directed to the adjustable slider; and in response to detecting the input directed to the adjustable slider: moving the adjustable slider to indicate that a second value, of the plurality of selectable values for the simulated depth effect, is the currently-selected simulated depth effect value; and changing an appearance of the representation of image data in accordance with the simulated depth effect as modified by the second value. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is described. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of an electronic device with a display and one or more input devices, the one or more programs including instructions for: displaying, on the display, a representation of image data; while displaying the representation of image data with a simulated depth effect as modified by a first value of a plurality of selectable values for the simulated depth effect, detecting, via the one or more input devices, a first input; in response to detecting the first input, displaying, on the display, an adjustable slider associated with manipulating the representation of image data, wherein the adjustable slider includes: a plurality of option indicators corresponding to a plurality of the selectable values for the simulated depth effect; and a selection indicator indicating that the first value is a currently-selected simulated depth effect value; while displaying the adjustable slider, detecting, via the one or more input devices, an input directed to the adjustable slider; and in response to detecting the input directed to the adjustable slider: moving the adjustable slider to indicate that a second value, of the plurality of selectable values for the simulated depth effect, is the currently-selected simulated depth effect value; and changing an appearance of the representation of image data in accordance with the simulated depth effect as modified by the second value. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a transitory computer-readable storage medium is described. The transitory computer-readable storage medium stores one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of an electronic device with a display and one or more input devices, the one or more programs including instructions for: displaying, on the display, a representation of image data; while displaying the representation of image data with a simulated depth effect as modified by a first value of a plurality of selectable values for the simulated depth effect, detecting, via the one or more input devices, a first input; in response to detecting the first input, displaying, on the display, an adjustable slider associated with manipulating the representation of image data, wherein the adjustable slider includes: a plurality of option indicators corresponding to a plurality of the selectable values for the simulated depth effect; and a selection indicator indicating that the first value is a currently-selected simulated depth effect value; while displaying the adjustable slider, detecting, via the one or more input devices, an input directed to the adjustable slider; and in response to detecting the input directed to the adjustable slider: moving the adjustable slider to indicate that a second value, of the plurality of selectable values for the simulated depth effect, is the currently-selected simulated depth effect value; and changing an appearance of the representation of image data in accordance with the simulated depth effect as modified by the second value. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device is described. The electronic device comprises a display, one or more input devices, one or more processors, and memory storing one or more programs configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for: displaying, on the display, a representation of image data; while displaying the representation of image data with a simulated depth effect as modified by a first value of a plurality of selectable values for the simulated depth effect, detecting, via the one or more input devices, a first input; in response to detecting the first input, displaying, on the display, an adjustable slider associated with manipulating the representation of image data, wherein the adjustable slider includes: a plurality of option indicators corresponding to a plurality of the selectable values for the simulated depth effect; and a selection indicator indicating that the first value is a currently-selected simulated depth effect value; while displaying the adjustable slider, detecting, via the one or more input devices, an input directed to the adjustable slider; and in response to detecting the input directed to the adjustable slider: moving the adjustable slider to indicate that a second value, of the plurality of selectable values for the simulated depth effect, is the currently-selected simulated depth effect value; and changing an appearance of the representation of image data in accordance with the simulated depth effect as modified by the second value. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device is described. The electronic device comprises a display; one or more input devices; means for displaying, on the display, a representation of image data; means, while displaying the representation of image data with a simulated depth effect as modified by a first value of a plurality of selectable values for the simulated depth effect, for detecting, via the one or more input devices, a first input; and means, in response to detecting the first input, for displaying, on the display, an adjustable slider associated with manipulating the representation of image data, wherein the adjustable slider includes: a plurality of option indicators corresponding to a plurality of the selectable values for the simulated depth effect; and a selection indicator indicating that the first value is a currently-selected simulated depth effect value; means, while displaying the adjustable slider, for detecting, via the one or more input devices, an input directed to the adjustable slider; and means, in response to detecting the input directed to the adjustable slider, for: moving the adjustable slider to indicate that a second value, of the plurality of selectable values for the simulated depth effect, is the currently-selected simulated depth effect value; and changing an appearance of the representation of image data in accordance with the simulated depth effect as modified by the second value. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method performed at an electronic device with a display and one or more input devices is described. The method comprises: receiving, via the one or more input devices, a request to apply a simulated depth effect to a representation of image data, wherein depth data for a subject within the representation of image data is available; and in response to receiving the request to apply the simulated depth effect to the representation of image data, displaying, on the display, the representation of image data with the simulated depth effect, including: distorting a first portion of the representation of image data that has a first depth in a first manner, wherein the first manner is determined based on a distance of the first portion from a predefined portion of the representation of image data; and distorting a second portion of the representation of image data that has the first depth in a second manner that is different from the first manner, wherein the second manner is determined based on a distance of the second portion from the predefined portion of the representation of image data. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is described. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of an electronic device with a display and one or more input devices, the one or more programs including instructions for: receiving, via the one or more input devices, a request to apply a simulated depth effect to a representation of image data, wherein depth data for a subject within the representation of image data is available; and in response to receiving the request to apply the simulated depth effect to the representation of image data, displaying, on the display, the representation of image data with the simulated depth effect, including: distorting a first portion of the representation of image data that has a first depth in a first manner, wherein the first manner is determined based on a distance of the first portion from a predefined portion of the representation of image data; and distorting a second portion of the representation of image data that has the first depth in a second manner that is different from the first manner, wherein the second manner is determined based on a distance of the second portion from the predefined portion of the representation of image data. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a transitory computer-readable storage medium is described. The transitory computer-readable storage medium stores one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of an electronic device with a display and one or more input devices, the one or more programs including instructions for: receiving, via the one or more input devices, a request to apply a simulated depth effect to a representation of image data, wherein depth data for a subject within the representation of image data is available; and in response to receiving the request to apply the simulated depth effect to the representation of image data, displaying, on the display, the representation of image data with the simulated depth effect, including: distorting a first portion of the representation of image data that has a first depth in a first manner, wherein the first manner is determined based on a distance of the first portion from a predefined portion of the representation of image data; and distorting a second portion of the representation of image data that has the first depth in a second manner that is different from the first manner, wherein the second manner is determined based on a distance of the second portion from the predefined portion of the representation of image data. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device is described. The electronic device comprises a display, one or more input devices, one or more processors, and memory storing one or more programs configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for: receiving, via the one or more input devices, a request to apply a simulated depth effect to a representation of image data, wherein depth data for a subject within the representation of image data is available; and in response to receiving the request to apply the simulated depth effect to the representation of image data, displaying, on the display, the representation of image data with the simulated depth effect, including: distorting a first portion of the representation of image data that has a first depth in a first manner, wherein the first manner is determined based on a distance of the first portion from a predefined portion of the representation of image data; and distorting a second portion of the representation of image data that has the first depth in a second manner that is different from the first manner, wherein the second manner is determined based on a distance of the second portion from the predefined portion of the representation of image data. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device is described. The electronic device comprises a display; one or more input devices; means for receiving, via the one or more input devices, a request to apply a simulated depth effect to a representation of image data, wherein depth data for a subject within the representation of image data is available; and means, in response to receiving the request to apply the simulated depth effect to the representation of image data, for displaying, on the display, the representation of image data with the simulated depth effect, including: distorting a first portion of the representation of image data that has a first depth in a first manner, wherein the first manner is determined based on a distance of the first portion from a predefined portion of the representation of image data; and distorting a second portion of the representation of image data that has the first depth in a second manner that is different from the first manner, wherein the second manner is determined based on a distance of the second portion from the predefined portion of the representation of image data. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method performed at an electronic device with a display and one or more sensors, including one or more cameras, is described. The method comprises: while displaying, on the display, a user interface of a camera application, detecting, via the one or more sensors, external interference that will impair operation of a respective function of the one or more cameras; and in response to detecting the interference external to the electronic device: in accordance with a determination that a first criteria has been satisfied, displaying, on the display, a notification indicating that an operation mode of the one or more cameras has been changed to reduce an impact of the external interference on the respective function of the one or more cameras; and in accordance with a determination that the first criteria has not been satisfied, forgoing displaying, on the display, the notification indicating that the operation mode of the one or more cameras has been changed. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is described. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of an electronic device with a display and one or more sensors, including one or more cameras, the one or more programs including instructions for: while displaying, on the display, a user interface of a camera application, detecting, via the one or more sensors, external interference that will impair operation of a respective function of the one or more cameras; and in response to detecting the interference external to the electronic device: in accordance with a determination that a first criteria has been satisfied, displaying, on the display, a notification indicating that an operation mode of the one or more cameras has been changed to reduce an impact of the external interference on the respective function of the one or more cameras; and in accordance with a determination that the first criteria has not been satisfied, forgoing displaying, on the display, the notification indicating that the operation mode of the one or more cameras has been changed. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a transitory computer-readable storage medium is described. The transitory computer-readable storage medium stores one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of an electronic device with a display and one or more sensors, including one or more cameras, the one or more programs including instructions for: while displaying, on the display, a user interface of a camera application, detecting, via the one or more sensors, external interference that will impair operation of a respective function of the one or more cameras; and in response to detecting the interference external to the electronic device: in accordance with a determination that a first criteria has been satisfied, displaying, on the display, a notification indicating that an operation mode of the one or more cameras has been changed to reduce an impact of the external interference on the respective function of the one or more cameras; and in accordance with a determination that the first criteria has not been satisfied, forgoing displaying, on the display, the notification indicating that the operation mode of the one or more cameras has been changed. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device is described. The electronic device comprises a display, one or more sensors, including one or more cameras, one or more processors, and memory storing one or more programs configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for: while displaying, on the display, a user interface of a camera application, detecting, via the one or more sensors, external interference that will impair operation of a respective function of the one or more cameras; and in response to detecting the interference external to the electronic device: in accordance with a determination that a first criteria has been satisfied, displaying, on the display, a notification indicating that an operation mode of the one or more cameras has been changed to reduce an impact of the external interference on the respective function of the one or more cameras; and in accordance with a determination that the first criteria has not been satisfied, forgoing displaying, on the display, the notification indicating that the operation mode of the one or more cameras has been changed. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device is described. The electronic device comprises a display; one or more sensors, including one or more cameras; means, while displaying, on the display, a user interface of a camera application, for detecting, via the one or more sensors, external interference that will impair operation of a respective function of the one or more cameras; and means, in response to detecting the interference external to the electronic device, for: in accordance with a determination that a first criteria has been satisfied, displaying, on the display, a notification indicating that an operation mode of the one or more cameras has been changed to reduce an impact of the external interference on the respective function of the one or more cameras; and in accordance with a determination that the first criteria has not been satisfied, forgoing displaying, on the display, the notification indicating that the operation mode of the one or more cameras has been changed. 
     Executable instructions for performing these functions are, optionally, included in a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors. Executable instructions for performing these functions are, optionally, included in a transitory computer-readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors. 
     Thus, devices are provided with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for adjusting image effects, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace other methods for adjusting image effects. 
    
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
       For a better understanding of the various described embodiments, reference should be made to the Description of Embodiments below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures. 
         FIG.  1 A  is a block diagram illustrating a portable multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  1 B  is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for event handling, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  2    illustrates a portable multifunction device having a touch screen, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  3    is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  4 A  illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu of applications on a portable multifunction device, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  4 B  illustrates an exemplary user interface for a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  5 A  illustrates a personal electronic device, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  5 B  is a block diagram illustrating a personal electronic device, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS.  6 A- 6 T  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for adjusting a simulated depth effect, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS.  7 A- 7 B  are a flow diagram illustrating a method for managing user interfaces for adjusting a simulated depth effect, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS.  8 A- 8 R  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for displaying adjustments to a simulated depth effect, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS.  9 A- 9 B  are a flow diagram illustrating a method for managing user interfaces for displaying adjustments to a simulated depth effect, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS.  10 A- 10 F  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for indicating an interference to adjusting simulated image effects, in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG.  11    is a flow diagram illustrating a method for managing user interfaces for indicating an interference to adjusting simulated image effects, in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     The following description sets forth exemplary methods, parameters, and the like. It should be recognized, however, that such description is not intended as a limitation on the scope of the present disclosure but is instead provided as a description of exemplary embodiments. 
     There is a need for electronic devices that provide efficient methods and interfaces for simulating depth effects. For example, there is a need for a device that can capture a live feed image/photo or display a stored image/photo and enable a user to quickly and easily make precise adjustments to depth-of-field properties of the image/photo. Such techniques can reduce the cognitive burden on a user who accesses displayed content associated with adjusting image effects, thereby enhancing productivity. Further, such techniques can reduce processor and battery power otherwise wasted on redundant user inputs. 
     Below,  FIGS.  1 A- 1 B,  2 ,  3 ,  4 A- 4 B, and  5 A- 5 B  provide a description of exemplary devices for performing the techniques for managing event notifications.  FIGS.  6 A- 6 T  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for adjusting a simulated depth effect, in accordance with some embodiments.  FIGS.  7 A- 7 B  are a flow diagram illustrating a method for managing user interfaces for adjusting a simulated depth effect, in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in  FIGS.  6 A- 6 T  are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in  FIGS.  7 A- 7 B .  FIGS.  8 A- 8 R  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for displaying adjustments to a simulated depth effect, in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG.  9 A- 9 B  are a flow diagram illustrating a method for managing user interfaces for displaying adjustments to a simulated depth effect, in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in  FIGS.  8 A- 8 R  are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in  FIGS.  9 A- 9 B .  FIGS.  10 A- 10 F  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for indicating an interference to adjusting simulated image effects, in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG.  11    is a flow diagram illustrating a method for managing user interfaces for indicating an interference to adjusting simulated image effects, in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in  FIGS.  10 A- 10 F  are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in  FIG.  11   . 
     Although the following description uses terms “first,” “second,” etc. to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by the terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first touch could be termed a second touch, and, similarly, a second touch could be termed a first touch, without departing from the scope of the various described embodiments. The first touch and the second touch are both touches, but they are not the same touch. 
     The terminology used in the description of the various described embodiments herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various described embodiments and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     The term “if” is, optionally, construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” is, optionally, construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event],” depending on the context. 
     Embodiments of electronic devices, user interfaces for such devices, and associated processes for using such devices are described. In some embodiments, the device is a portable communications device, such as a mobile telephone, that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/or music player functions. Exemplary embodiments of portable multifunction devices include, without limitation, the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California Other portable electronic devices, such as laptops or tablet computers with touch-sensitive surfaces (e.g., touch screen displays and/or touchpads), are, optionally, used. It should also be understood that, in some embodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but is a desktop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch screen display and/or a touchpad). 
     In the discussion that follows, an electronic device that includes a display and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should be understood, however, that the electronic device optionally includes one or more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physical keyboard, a mouse, and/or a joystick. 
     The device typically supports a variety of applications, such as one or more of the following: a drawing application, a presentation application, a word processing application, a website creation application, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheet application, a gaming application, a telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, a workout support application, a photo management application, a digital camera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing application, a digital music player application, and/or a digital video player application. 
     The various applications that are executed on the device optionally use at least one common physical user-interface device, such as the touch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitive surface as well as corresponding information displayed on the device are, optionally, adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physical architecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the device optionally supports the variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and transparent to the user. 
     Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable devices with touch-sensitive displays.  FIG.  1 A  is a block diagram illustrating portable multifunction device  100  with touch-sensitive display system  112  in accordance with some embodiments. Touch-sensitive display  112  is sometimes called a “touch screen” for convenience and is sometimes known as or called a “touch-sensitive display system.” Device  100  includes memory  102  (which optionally includes one or more computer-readable storage mediums), memory controller  122 , one or more processing units (CPUs)  120 , peripherals interface  118 , RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , input/output (I/O) subsystem  106 , other input control devices  116 , and external port  124 . Device  100  optionally includes one or more optical sensors  164 . Device  100  optionally includes one or more contact intensity sensors  165  for detecting intensity of contacts on device  100  (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive display system  112  of device  100 ). Device  100  optionally includes one or more tactile output generators  167  for generating tactile outputs on device  100  (e.g., generating tactile outputs on a touch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive display system  112  of device  100  or touchpad  355  of device  300 ). These components optionally communicate over one or more communication buses or signal lines  103 . 
     As used in the specification and claims, the term “intensity” of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface refers to the force or pressure (force per unit area) of a contact (e.g., a finger contact) on the touch-sensitive surface, or to a substitute (proxy) for the force or pressure of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface. The intensity of a contact has a range of values that includes at least four distinct values and more typically includes hundreds of distinct values (e.g., at least 256). Intensity of a contact is, optionally, determined (or measured) using various approaches and various sensors or combinations of sensors. For example, one or more force sensors underneath or adjacent to the touch-sensitive surface are, optionally, used to measure force at various points on the touch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, force measurements from multiple force sensors are combined (e.g., a weighted average) to determine an estimated force of a contact. Similarly, a pressure-sensitive tip of a stylus is, optionally, used to determine a pressure of the stylus on the touch-sensitive surface. Alternatively, the size of the contact area detected on the touch-sensitive surface and/or changes thereto, the capacitance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto, and/or the resistance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto are, optionally, used as a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are used directly to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is described in units corresponding to the substitute measurements). In some implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are converted to an estimated force or pressure, and the estimated force or pressure is used to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is a pressure threshold measured in units of pressure). Using the intensity of a contact as an attribute of a user input allows for user access to additional device functionality that may otherwise not be accessible by the user on a reduced-size device with limited real estate for displaying affordances (e.g., on a touch-sensitive display) and/or receiving user input (e.g., via a touch-sensitive display, a touch-sensitive surface, or a physical/mechanical control such as a knob or a button). 
     As used in the specification and claims, the term “tactile output” refers to physical displacement of a device relative to a previous position of the device, physical displacement of a component (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface) of a device relative to another component (e.g., housing) of the device, or displacement of the component relative to a center of mass of the device that will be detected by a user with the user&#39;s sense of touch. For example, in situations where the device or the component of the device is in contact with a surface of a user that is sensitive to touch (e.g., a finger, palm, or other part of a user&#39;s hand), the tactile output generated by the physical displacement will be interpreted by the user as a tactile sensation corresponding to a perceived change in physical characteristics of the device or the component of the device. For example, movement of a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch-sensitive display or trackpad) is, optionally, interpreted by the user as a “down click” or “up click” of a physical actuator button. In some cases, a user will feel a tactile sensation such as an “down click” or “up click” even when there is no movement of a physical actuator button associated with the touch-sensitive surface that is physically pressed (e.g., displaced) by the user&#39;s movements. As another example, movement of the touch-sensitive surface is, optionally, interpreted or sensed by the user as “roughness” of the touch-sensitive surface, even when there is no change in smoothness of the touch-sensitive surface. While such interpretations of touch by a user will be subject to the individualized sensory perceptions of the user, there are many sensory perceptions of touch that are common to a large majority of users. Thus, when a tactile output is described as corresponding to a particular sensory perception of a user (e.g., an “up click,” a “down click,” “roughness”), unless otherwise stated, the generated tactile output corresponds to physical displacement of the device or a component thereof that will generate the described sensory perception for a typical (or average) user. 
     It should be appreciated that device  100  is only one example of a portable multifunction device, and that device  100  optionally has more or fewer components than shown, optionally combines two or more components, or optionally has a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown in  FIG.  1 A  are implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both hardware and software, including one or more signal processing and/or application-specific integrated circuits. 
     Memory  102  optionally includes high-speed random access memory and optionally also includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Memory controller  122  optionally controls access to memory  102  by other components of device  100 . 
     Peripherals interface  118  can be used to couple input and output peripherals of the device to CPU  120  and memory  102 . The one or more processors  120  run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in memory  102  to perform various functions for device  100  and to process data. In some embodiments, peripherals interface  118 , CPU  120 , and memory controller  122  are, optionally, implemented on a single chip, such as chip  104 . In some other embodiments, they are, optionally, implemented on separate chips. 
     RF (radio frequency) circuitry  108  receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  108  converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  108  optionally includes well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RF circuitry  108  optionally communicates with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The RF circuitry  108  optionally includes well-known circuitry for detecting near field communication (NFC) fields, such as by a short-range communication radio. The wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols, and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), Evolution, Data-Only (EV-DO), HSPA, HSPA+, Dual-Cell HSPA (DC-HSPDA), long term evolution (LTE), near field communication (NFC), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy (BTLE), Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11n, and/or IEEE 802.11ac), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document. 
     Audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , and microphone  113  provide an audio interface between a user and device  100 . Audio circuitry  110  receives audio data from peripherals interface  118 , converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to speaker  111 . Speaker  111  converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves. Audio circuitry  110  also receives electrical signals converted by microphone  113  from sound waves. Audio circuitry  110  converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to peripherals interface  118  for processing. Audio data is, optionally, retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory  102  and/or RF circuitry  108  by peripherals interface  118 . In some embodiments, audio circuitry  110  also includes a headset jack (e.g.,  212 ,  FIG.  2   ). The headset jack provides an interface between audio circuitry  110  and removable audio input/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headset with both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input (e.g., a microphone). 
     I/O subsystem  106  couples input/output peripherals on device  100 , such as touch screen  112  and other input control devices  116 , to peripherals interface  118 . I/O subsystem  106  optionally includes display controller  156 , optical sensor controller  158 , depth camera controller  169 , intensity sensor controller  159 , haptic feedback controller  161 , and one or more input controllers  160  for other input or control devices. The one or more input controllers  160  receive/send electrical signals from/to other input control devices  116 . The other input control devices  116  optionally include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s)  160  are, optionally, coupled to any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, an infrared port, a USB port, and a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g.,  208 ,  FIG.  2   ) optionally include an up/down button for volume control of speaker  111  and/or microphone  113 . The one or more buttons optionally include a push button (e.g.,  206 ,  FIG.  2   ). 
     A quick press of the push button optionally disengages a lock of touch screen  112  or optionally begins a process that uses gestures on the touch screen to unlock the device, as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/322,549, “Unlocking a Device by Performing Gestures on an Unlock Image,” filed Dec. 23, 2005, U.S. Pat. No. 7,657,849, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. A longer press of the push button (e.g.,  206 ) optionally turns power to device  100  on or off. The functionality of one or more of the buttons are, optionally, user-customizable. Touch screen  112  is used to implement virtual or soft buttons and one or more soft keyboards. 
     Touch-sensitive display  112  provides an input interface and an output interface between the device and a user. Display controller  156  receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to touch screen  112 . Touch screen  112  displays visual output to the user. The visual output optionally includes graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all of the visual output optionally corresponds to user-interface objects. 
     Touch screen  112  has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor, or set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact. Touch screen  112  and display controller  156  (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory  102 ) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on touch screen  112  and convert the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages, or images) that are displayed on touch screen  112 . In an exemplary embodiment, a point of contact between touch screen  112  and the user corresponds to a finger of the user. 
     Touch screen  112  optionally uses LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED (light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologies are used in other embodiments. Touch screen  112  and display controller  156  optionally detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of a plurality of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with touch screen  112 . In an exemplary embodiment, projected mutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in the iPhone® and iPod Touch® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, California 
     A touch-sensitive display in some embodiments of touch screen  112  is, optionally, analogous to the multi-touch sensitive touchpads described in the following U.S. Pat. No. 6,323,846 (Westerman et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 6,570,557 (Westerman et al.), and/or U.S. Pat. No. 6,677,932 (Westerman), and/or U.S. Patent Publication 2002/0015024A1, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. However, touch screen  112  displays visual output from device  100 , whereas touch-sensitive touchpads do not provide visual output. 
     A touch-sensitive display in some embodiments of touch screen  112  is described in the following applications: (1) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/381,313, “Multipoint Touch Surface Controller,” filed May 2, 2006; (2) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/840,862, “Multipoint Touchscreen,” filed May 6, 2004; (3) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/903,964, “Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jul. 30, 2004; (4) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/048,264, “Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jan. 31, 2005; (5) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/038,590, “Mode-Based Graphical User Interfaces For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jan. 18, 2005; (6) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,758, “Virtual Input Device Placement On A Touch Screen User Interface,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; (7) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,700, “Operation Of A Computer With A Touch Screen Interface,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; (8) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,737, “Activating Virtual Keys Of A Touch-Screen Virtual Keyboard,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; and (9) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/367,749, “Multi-Functional Hand-Held Device,” filed Mar. 3, 2006. All of these applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. 
     Touch screen  112  optionally has a video resolution in excess of 100 dpi. In some embodiments, the touch screen has a video resolution of approximately 160 dpi. The user optionally makes contact with touch screen  112  using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to work primarily with finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired by the user. 
     In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, device  100  optionally includes a touchpad for activating or deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output. The touchpad is, optionally, a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from touch screen  112  or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen. 
     Device  100  also includes power system  162  for powering the various components. Power system  162  optionally includes a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices. 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more optical sensors  164 .  FIG.  1 A  shows an optical sensor coupled to optical sensor controller  158  in I/O subsystem  106 . Optical sensor  164  optionally includes charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistors. Optical sensor  164  receives light from the environment, projected through one or more lenses, and converts the light to data representing an image. In conjunction with imaging module  143  (also called a camera module), optical sensor  164  optionally captures still images or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch screen display  112  on the front of the device so that the touch screen display is enabled for use as a viewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the front of the device so that the user&#39;s image is, optionally, obtained for video conferencing while the user views the other video conference participants on the touch screen display. In some embodiments, the position of optical sensor  164  can be changed by the user (e.g., by rotating the lens and the sensor in the device housing) so that a single optical sensor  164  is used along with the touch screen display for both video conferencing and still and/or video image acquisition. 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more depth camera sensors  175 .  FIG.  1 A  shows a depth camera sensor coupled to depth camera controller  169  in I/O subsystem  106 . Depth camera sensor  175  receives data from the environment to create a three dimensional model of an object (e.g., a face) within a scene from a viewpoint (e.g., a depth camera sensor). In some embodiments, in conjunction with imaging module  143  (also called a camera module), depth camera sensor  175  is optionally used to determine a depth map of different portions of an image captured by the imaging module  143 . In some embodiments, a depth camera sensor is located on the front of device  100  so that the user&#39;s image with depth information is, optionally, obtained for video conferencing while the user views the other video conference participants on the touch screen display and to capture selfies with depth map data. In some embodiments, the depth camera sensor  175  is located on the back of device, or on the back and the front of the device  100 . In some embodiments, the position of depth camera sensor  175  can be changed by the user (e.g., by rotating the lens and the sensor in the device housing) so that a depth camera sensor  175  is used along with the touch screen display for both video conferencing and still and/or video image acquisition. 
     In some embodiments, a depth map (e.g., depth map image) contains information (e.g., values) that relates to the distance of objects in a scene from a viewpoint (e.g., a camera, an optical sensor, a depth camera sensor). In one embodiment of a depth map, each depth pixel defines the position in the viewpoint&#39;s z-axis where its corresponding two-dimensional pixel is located. In some embodiments, a depth map is composed of pixels wherein each pixel is defined by a value (e.g., 0-255). For example, the “0” value represents pixels that are located at the most distant place in a “three dimensional” scene and the “255” value represents pixels that are located closest to a viewpoint (e.g., a camera, an optical sensor, a depth camera sensor) in the “three dimensional” scene. In other embodiments, a depth map represents the distance between an object in a scene and the plane of the viewpoint. In some embodiments, the depth map includes information about the relative depth of various features of an object of interest in view of the depth camera (e.g., the relative depth of eyes, nose, mouth, ears of a user&#39;s face). In some embodiments, the depth map includes information that enables the device to determine contours of the object of interest in a z direction. 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more contact intensity sensors  165 .  FIG.  1 A  shows a contact intensity sensor coupled to intensity sensor controller  159  in I/O subsystem  106 . Contact intensity sensor  165  optionally includes one or more piezoresistive strain gauges, capacitive force sensors, electric force sensors, piezoelectric force sensors, optical force sensors, capacitive touch-sensitive surfaces, or other intensity sensors (e.g., sensors used to measure the force (or pressure) of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface). Contact intensity sensor  165  receives contact intensity information (e.g., pressure information or a proxy for pressure information) from the environment. In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112 ). In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch screen display  112 , which is located on the front of device  100 . 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more proximity sensors  166 .  FIG.  1 A  shows proximity sensor  166  coupled to peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, proximity sensor  166  is, optionally, coupled to input controller  160  in I/O subsystem  106 . Proximity sensor  166  optionally performs as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/241,839, “Proximity Detector In Handheld Device”; Ser. No. 11/240,788, “Proximity Detector In Handheld Device”; Ser. No. 11/620,702, “Using Ambient Light Sensor To Augment Proximity Sensor Output”; Ser. No. 11/586,862, “Automated Response To And Sensing Of User Activity In Portable Devices”; and Ser. No. 11/638,251, “Methods And Systems For Automatic Configuration Of Peripherals,” which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. In some embodiments, the proximity sensor turns off and disables touch screen  112  when the multifunction device is placed near the user&#39;s ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call). 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more tactile output generators  167 .  FIG.  1 A  shows a tactile output generator coupled to haptic feedback controller  161  in I/O subsystem  106 . Tactile output generator  167  optionally includes one or more electroacoustic devices such as speakers or other audio components and/or electromechanical devices that convert energy into linear motion such as a motor, solenoid, electroactive polymer, piezoelectric actuator, electrostatic actuator, or other tactile output generating component (e.g., a component that converts electrical signals into tactile outputs on the device). Contact intensity sensor  165  receives tactile feedback generation instructions from haptic feedback module  133  and generates tactile outputs on device  100  that are capable of being sensed by a user of device  100 . In some embodiments, at least one tactile output generator is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112 ) and, optionally, generates a tactile output by moving the touch-sensitive surface vertically (e.g., in/out of a surface of device  100 ) or laterally (e.g., back and forth in the same plane as a surface of device  100 ). In some embodiments, at least one tactile output generator sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch screen display  112 , which is located on the front of device  100 . 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more accelerometers  168 .  FIG.  1 A  shows accelerometer  168  coupled to peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, accelerometer  168  is, optionally, coupled to an input controller  160  in I/O subsystem  106 . Accelerometer  168  optionally performs as described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 20050190059, “Acceleration-based Theft Detection System for Portable Electronic Devices,” and U.S. Patent Publication No. 20060017692, “Methods And Apparatuses For Operating A Portable Device Based On An Accelerometer,” both of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. In some embodiments, information is displayed on the touch screen display in a portrait view or a landscape view based on an analysis of data received from the one or more accelerometers. Device  100  optionally includes, in addition to accelerometer(s)  168 , a magnetometer and a GPS (or GLONASS or other global navigation system) receiver for obtaining information concerning the location and orientation (e.g., portrait or landscape) of device  100 . 
     In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory  102  include operating system  126 , communication module (or set of instructions)  128 , contact/motion module (or set of instructions)  130 , graphics module (or set of instructions)  132 , text input module (or set of instructions)  134 , Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set of instructions)  135 , and applications (or sets of instructions)  136 . Furthermore, in some embodiments, memory  102  ( FIG.  1 A ) or  370  ( FIG.  3   ) stores device/global internal state  157 , as shown in  FIGS.  1 A and  3   . Device/global internal state  157  includes one or more of: active application state, indicating which applications, if any, are currently active; display state, indicating what applications, views or other information occupy various regions of touch screen display  112 ; sensor state, including information obtained from the device&#39;s various sensors and input control devices  116 ; and location information concerning the device&#39;s location and/or attitude. 
     Operating system  126  (e.g., Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, iOS, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components. 
     Communication module  128  facilitates communication with other devices over one or more external ports  124  and also includes various software components for handling data received by RF circuitry  108  and/or external port  124 . External port  124  (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with, the 30-pin connector used on iPod® (trademark of Apple Inc.) devices. 
     Contact/motion module  130  optionally detects contact with touch screen  112  (in conjunction with display controller  156 ) and other touch-sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). Contact/motion module  130  includes various software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact, such as determining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-down event), determining an intensity of the contact (e.g., the force or pressure of the contact or a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact), determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact). Contact/motion module  130  receives contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which is represented by a series of contact data, optionally includes determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. These operations are, optionally, applied to single contacts (e.g., one finger contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g., “multitouch”/multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments, contact/motion module  130  and display controller  156  detect contact on a touchpad. 
     In some embodiments, contact/motion module  130  uses a set of one or more intensity thresholds to determine whether an operation has been performed by a user (e.g., to determine whether a user has “clicked” on an icon). In some embodiments, at least a subset of the intensity thresholds are determined in accordance with software parameters (e.g., the intensity thresholds are not determined by the activation thresholds of particular physical actuators and can be adjusted without changing the physical hardware of device  100 ). For example, a mouse “click” threshold of a trackpad or touch screen display can be set to any of a large range of predefined threshold values without changing the trackpad or touch screen display hardware. Additionally, in some implementations, a user of the device is provided with software settings for adjusting one or more of the set of intensity thresholds (e.g., by adjusting individual intensity thresholds and/or by adjusting a plurality of intensity thresholds at once with a system-level click “intensity” parameter). 
     Contact/motion module  130  optionally detects a gesture input by a user. Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contact patterns (e.g., different motions, timings, and/or intensities of detected contacts). Thus, a gesture is, optionally, detected by detecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a finger tap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting a finger-up (liftoff) event at the same position (or substantially the same position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequently followed by detecting a finger-up (liftoff) event. 
     Graphics module  132  includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics on touch screen  112  or other display, including components for changing the visual impact (e.g., brightness, transparency, saturation, contrast, or other visual property) of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics” includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including, without limitation, text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations, and the like. 
     In some embodiments, graphics module  132  stores data representing graphics to be used. Each graphic is, optionally, assigned a corresponding code. Graphics module  132  receives, from applications etc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with, if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and then generates screen image data to output to display controller  156 . 
     Haptic feedback module  133  includes various software components for generating instructions used by tactile output generator(s)  167  to produce tactile outputs at one or more locations on device  100  in response to user interactions with device  100 . 
     Text input module  134 , which is, in some examples, a component of graphics module  132 , provides soft keyboards for entering text in various applications (e.g., contacts module  137 , e-mail client module  140 , IM module  141 , browser module  147 , and any other application that needs text input). 
     GPS module  135  determines the location of the device and provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone module  138  for use in location-based dialing; to camera module  143  as picture/video metadata; and to applications that provide location-based services such as weather widgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets). 
     Applications  136  optionally include the following modules (or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof:
         Contacts module  137  (sometimes called an address book or contact list);   Telephone module  138 ;   Video conference module  139 ;   E-mail client module  140 ;   Instant messaging (IM) module  141 ;   Workout support module  142 ;   Camera module  143  for still and/or video images;   Image management module  144 ;   Video player module;   Music player module;   Browser module  147 ;   Calendar module  148 ;   Widget modules  149 , which optionally include one or more of: weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  149 - 3 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , dictionary widget  149 - 5 , and other widgets obtained by the user, as well as user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   Widget creator module  150  for making user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   Search module  151 ;   Video and music player module  152 , which merges video player module and music player module;   Notes module  153 ;   Map module  154 ; and/or   Online video module  155 .       

     Examples of other applications  136  that are, optionally, stored in memory  102  include other word processing applications, other image editing applications, drawing applications, presentation applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice replication. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , contacts module  137  are used to manage an address book or contact list (e.g., stored in application internal state  192  of contacts module  137  in memory  102  or memory  370 ), including: adding name(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book; associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or other information with a name; associating an image with a name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers or e-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications by telephone module  138 , video conference module  139 , e-mail client module  140 , or IM module  141 ; and so forth. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , telephone module  138  are optionally, used to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers in contacts module  137 , modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation, and disconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As noted above, the wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols, and technologies. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , contacts module  137 , and telephone module  138 , video conference module  139  includes executable instructions to initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user and one or more other participants in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140  includes executable instructions to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response to user instructions. In conjunction with image management module  144 , e-mail client module  140  makes it very easy to create and send e-mails with still or video images taken with camera module  143 . 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the instant messaging module  141  includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to an instant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit a respective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service (SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-based instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS for Internet-based instant messages), to receive instant messages, and to view received instant messages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or received instant messages optionally include graphics, photos, audio files, video files and/or other attachments as are supported in an MMS and/or an Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging” refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , map module  154 , and music player module, workout support module  142  includes executable instructions to create workouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burning goals); communicate with workout sensors (sports devices); receive workout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout; select and play music for a workout; and display, store, and transmit workout data. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor(s)  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , and image management module  144 , camera module  143  includes executable instructions to capture still images or video (including a video stream) and store them into memory  102 , modify characteristics of a still image or video, or delete a still image or video from memory  102 . 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and camera module  143 , image management module  144  includes executable instructions to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/or video images. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , browser module  147  includes executable instructions to browse the Internet in accordance with user instructions, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portions thereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , calendar module  148  includes executable instructions to create, display, modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendar entries, to-do lists, etc.) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , widget modules  149  are mini-applications that are, optionally, downloaded and used by a user (e.g., weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  149 - 3 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , and dictionary widget  149 - 5 ) or created by the user (e.g., user-created widget  149 - 6 ). In some embodiments, a widget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In some embodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , the widget creator module  150  are, optionally, used by a user to create widgets (e.g., turning a user-specified portion of a web page into a widget). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , search module  151  includes executable instructions to search for text, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory  102  that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , and browser module  147 , video and music player module  152  includes executable instructions that allow the user to download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, and executable instructions to display, present, or otherwise play back videos (e.g., on touch screen  112  or on an external, connected display via external port  124 ). In some embodiments, device  100  optionally includes the functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , notes module  153  includes executable instructions to create and manage notes, to-do lists, and the like in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , and browser module  147 , map module  154  are, optionally, used to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data associated with maps (e.g., driving directions, data on stores and other points of interest at or near a particular location, and other location-based data) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact/motion module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , online video module  155  includes instructions that allow the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen or on an external, connected display via external port  124 ), send an e-mail with a link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats, such as H.264. In some embodiments, instant messaging module  141 , rather than e-mail client module  140 , is used to send a link to a particular online video. Additional description of the online video application can be found in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/936,562, “Portable Multifunction Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Playing Online Videos,” filed Jun. 20, 2007, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/968,067, “Portable Multifunction Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Playing Online Videos,” filed Dec. 31, 2007, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
     Each of the above-identified modules and applications corresponds to a set of executable instructions for performing one or more functions described above and the methods described in this application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods described herein). These modules (e.g., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures, or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise rearranged in various embodiments. For example, video player module is, optionally, combined with music player module into a single module (e.g., video and music player module  152 ,  FIG.  1 A ). In some embodiments, memory  102  optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  102  optionally stores additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     In some embodiments, device  100  is a device where operation of a predefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/or a touchpad as the primary input control device for operation of device  100 , the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) on device  100  is, optionally, reduced. 
     The predefined set of functions that are performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad optionally include navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by the user, navigates device  100  to a main, home, or root menu from any user interface that is displayed on device  100 . In such embodiments, a “menu button” is implemented using a touchpad. In some other embodiments, the menu button is a physical push button or other physical input control device instead of a touchpad. 
       FIG.  1 B  is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  102  ( FIG.  1 A ) or  370  ( FIG.  3   ) includes event sorter  170  (e.g., in operating system  126 ) and a respective application  136 - 1  (e.g., any of the aforementioned applications  137 - 151 ,  155 ,  380 - 390 ). 
     Event sorter  170  receives event information and determines the application  136 - 1  and application view  191  of application  136 - 1  to which to deliver the event information. Event sorter  170  includes event monitor  171  and event dispatcher module  174 . In some embodiments, application  136 - 1  includes application internal state  192 , which indicates the current application view(s) displayed on touch-sensitive display  112  when the application is active or executing. In some embodiments, device/global internal state  157  is used by event sorter  170  to determine which application(s) is (are) currently active, and application internal state  192  is used by event sorter  170  to determine application views  191  to which to deliver event information. 
     In some embodiments, application internal state  192  includes additional information, such as one or more of: resume information to be used when application  136 - 1  resumes execution, user interface state information that indicates information being displayed or that is ready for display by application  136 - 1 , a state queue for enabling the user to go back to a prior state or view of application  136 - 1 , and a redo/undo queue of previous actions taken by the user. 
     Event monitor  171  receives event information from peripherals interface  118 . Event information includes information about a sub-event (e.g., a user touch on touch-sensitive display  112 , as part of a multi-touch gesture). Peripherals interface  118  transmits information it receives from I/O subsystem  106  or a sensor, such as proximity sensor  166 , accelerometer(s)  168 , and/or microphone  113  (through audio circuitry  110 ). Information that peripherals interface  118  receives from I/O subsystem  106  includes information from touch-sensitive display  112  or a touch-sensitive surface. 
     In some embodiments, event monitor  171  sends requests to the peripherals interface  118  at predetermined intervals. In response, peripherals interface  118  transmits event information. In other embodiments, peripherals interface  118  transmits event information only when there is a significant event (e.g., receiving an input above a predetermined noise threshold and/or for more than a predetermined duration). 
     In some embodiments, event sorter  170  also includes a hit view determination module  172  and/or an active event recognizer determination module  173 . 
     Hit view determination module  172  provides software procedures for determining where a sub-event has taken place within one or more views when touch-sensitive display  112  displays more than one view. Views are made up of controls and other elements that a user can see on the display. 
     Another aspect of the user interface associated with an application is a set of views, sometimes herein called application views or user interface windows, in which information is displayed and touch-based gestures occur. The application views (of a respective application) in which a touch is detected optionally correspond to programmatic levels within a programmatic or view hierarchy of the application. For example, the lowest level view in which a touch is detected is, optionally, called the hit view, and the set of events that are recognized as proper inputs are, optionally, determined based, at least in part, on the hit view of the initial touch that begins a touch-based gesture. 
     Hit view determination module  172  receives information related to sub-events of a touch-based gesture. When an application has multiple views organized in a hierarchy, hit view determination module  172  identifies a hit view as the lowest view in the hierarchy which should handle the sub-event. In most circumstances, the hit view is the lowest level view in which an initiating sub-event occurs (e.g., the first sub-event in the sequence of sub-events that form an event or potential event). Once the hit view is identified by the hit view determination module  172 , the hit view typically receives all sub-events related to the same touch or input source for which it was identified as the hit view. 
     Active event recognizer determination module  173  determines which view or views within a view hierarchy should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In some embodiments, active event recognizer determination module  173  determines that only the hit view should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, active event recognizer determination module  173  determines that all views that include the physical location of a sub-event are actively involved views, and therefore determines that all actively involved views should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, even if touch sub-events were entirely confined to the area associated with one particular view, views higher in the hierarchy would still remain as actively involved views. 
     Event dispatcher module  174  dispatches the event information to an event recognizer (e.g., event recognizer  180 ). In embodiments including active event recognizer determination module  173 , event dispatcher module  174  delivers the event information to an event recognizer determined by active event recognizer determination module  173 . In some embodiments, event dispatcher module  174  stores in an event queue the event information, which is retrieved by a respective event receiver  182 . 
     In some embodiments, operating system  126  includes event sorter  170 . Alternatively, application  136 - 1  includes event sorter  170 . In yet other embodiments, event sorter  170  is a stand-alone module, or a part of another module stored in memory  102 , such as contact/motion module  130 . 
     In some embodiments, application  136 - 1  includes a plurality of event handlers  190  and one or more application views  191 , each of which includes instructions for handling touch events that occur within a respective view of the application&#39;s user interface. Each application view  191  of the application  136 - 1  includes one or more event recognizers  180 . Typically, a respective application view  191  includes a plurality of event recognizers  180 . In other embodiments, one or more of event recognizers  180  are part of a separate module, such as a user interface kit or a higher level object from which application  136 - 1  inherits methods and other properties. In some embodiments, a respective event handler  190  includes one or more of: data updater  176 , object updater  177 , GUI updater  178 , and/or event data  179  received from event sorter  170 . Event handler  190  optionally utilizes or calls data updater  176 , object updater  177 , or GUI updater  178  to update the application internal state  192 . Alternatively, one or more of the application views  191  include one or more respective event handlers  190 . Also, in some embodiments, one or more of data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178  are included in a respective application view  191 . 
     A respective event recognizer  180  receives event information (e.g., event data  179 ) from event sorter  170  and identifies an event from the event information. Event recognizer  180  includes event receiver  182  and event comparator  184 . In some embodiments, event recognizer  180  also includes at least a subset of: metadata  183 , and event delivery instructions  188  (which optionally include sub-event delivery instructions). 
     Event receiver  182  receives event information from event sorter  170 . The event information includes information about a sub-event, for example, a touch or a touch movement. Depending on the sub-event, the event information also includes additional information, such as location of the sub-event. When the sub-event concerns motion of a touch, the event information optionally also includes speed and direction of the sub-event. In some embodiments, events include rotation of the device from one orientation to another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to a landscape orientation, or vice versa), and the event information includes corresponding information about the current orientation (also called device attitude) of the device. 
     Event comparator  184  compares the event information to predefined event or sub-event definitions and, based on the comparison, determines an event or sub-event, or determines or updates the state of an event or sub-event. In some embodiments, event comparator  184  includes event definitions  186 . Event definitions  186  contain definitions of events (e.g., predefined sequences of sub-events), for example, event  1  ( 187 - 1 ), event  2  ( 187 - 2 ), and others. In some embodiments, sub-events in an event ( 187 ) include, for example, touch begin, touch end, touch movement, touch cancellation, and multiple touching. In one example, the definition for event  1  ( 187 - 1 ) is a double tap on a displayed object. The double tap, for example, comprises a first touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a first liftoff (touch end) for a predetermined phase, a second touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, and a second liftoff (touch end) for a predetermined phase. In another example, the definition for event  2  ( 187 - 2 ) is a dragging on a displayed object. The dragging, for example, comprises a touch (or contact) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a movement of the touch across touch-sensitive display  112 , and liftoff of the touch (touch end). In some embodiments, the event also includes information for one or more associated event handlers  190 . 
     In some embodiments, event definition  187  includes a definition of an event for a respective user-interface object. In some embodiments, event comparator  184  performs a hit test to determine which user-interface object is associated with a sub-event. For example, in an application view in which three user-interface objects are displayed on touch-sensitive display  112 , when a touch is detected on touch-sensitive display  112 , event comparator  184  performs a hit test to determine which of the three user-interface objects is associated with the touch (sub-event). If each displayed object is associated with a respective event handler  190 , the event comparator uses the result of the hit test to determine which event handler  190  should be activated. For example, event comparator  184  selects an event handler associated with the sub-event and the object triggering the hit test. 
     In some embodiments, the definition for a respective event ( 187 ) also includes delayed actions that delay delivery of the event information until after it has been determined whether the sequence of sub-events does or does not correspond to the event recognizer&#39;s event type. 
     When a respective event recognizer  180  determines that the series of sub-events do not match any of the events in event definitions  186 , the respective event recognizer  180  enters an event impossible, event failed, or event ended state, after which it disregards subsequent sub-events of the touch-based gesture. In this situation, other event recognizers, if any, that remain active for the hit view continue to track and process sub-events of an ongoing touch-based gesture. 
     In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  includes metadata  183  with configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how the event delivery system should perform sub-event delivery to actively involved event recognizers. In some embodiments, metadata  183  includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how event recognizers interact, or are enabled to interact, with one another. In some embodiments, metadata  183  includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate whether sub-events are delivered to varying levels in the view or programmatic hierarchy. 
     In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  activates event handler  190  associated with an event when one or more particular sub-events of an event are recognized. In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  delivers event information associated with the event to event handler  190 . Activating an event handler  190  is distinct from sending (and deferred sending) sub-events to a respective hit view. In some embodiments, event recognizer  180  throws a flag associated with the recognized event, and event handler  190  associated with the flag catches the flag and performs a predefined process. 
     In some embodiments, event delivery instructions  188  include sub-event delivery instructions that deliver event information about a sub-event without activating an event handler. Instead, the sub-event delivery instructions deliver event information to event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or to actively involved views. Event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or with actively involved views receive the event information and perform a predetermined process. 
     In some embodiments, data updater  176  creates and updates data used in application  136 - 1 . For example, data updater  176  updates the telephone number used in contacts module  137 , or stores a video file used in video player module. In some embodiments, object updater  177  creates and updates objects used in application  136 - 1 . For example, object updater  177  creates a new user-interface object or updates the position of a user-interface object. GUI updater  178  updates the GUI. For example, GUI updater  178  prepares display information and sends it to graphics module  132  for display on a touch-sensitive display. 
     In some embodiments, event handler(s)  190  includes or has access to data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178 . In some embodiments, data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178  are included in a single module of a respective application  136 - 1  or application view  191 . In other embodiments, they are included in two or more software modules. 
     It shall be understood that the foregoing discussion regarding event handling of user touches on touch-sensitive displays also applies to other forms of user inputs to operate multifunction devices  100  with input devices, not all of which are initiated on touch screens. For example, mouse movement and mouse button presses, optionally coordinated with single or multiple keyboard presses or holds; contact movements such as taps, drags, scrolls, etc. on touchpads; pen stylus inputs; movement of the device; oral instructions; detected eye movements; biometric inputs; and/or any combination thereof are optionally utilized as inputs corresponding to sub-events which define an event to be recognized. 
       FIG.  2    illustrates a portable multifunction device  100  having a touch screen  112  in accordance with some embodiments. The touch screen optionally displays one or more graphics within user interface (UI)  200 . In this embodiment, as well as others described below, a user is enabled to select one or more of the graphics by making a gesture on the graphics, for example, with one or more fingers  202  (not drawn to scale in the figure) or one or more styluses  203  (not drawn to scale in the figure). In some embodiments, selection of one or more graphics occurs when the user breaks contact with the one or more graphics. In some embodiments, the gesture optionally includes one or more taps, one or more swipes (from left to right, right to left, upward and/or downward), and/or a rolling of a finger (from right to left, left to right, upward and/or downward) that has made contact with device  100 . In some implementations or circumstances, inadvertent contact with a graphic does not select the graphic. For example, a swipe gesture that sweeps over an application icon optionally does not select the corresponding application when the gesture corresponding to selection is a tap. 
     Device  100  optionally also include one or more physical buttons, such as “home” or menu button  204 . As described previously, menu button  204  is, optionally, used to navigate to any application  136  in a set of applications that are, optionally, executed on device  100 . Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as a soft key in a GUI displayed on touch screen  112 . 
     In some embodiments, device  100  includes touch screen  112 , menu button  204 , push button  206  for powering the device on/off and locking the device, volume adjustment button(s)  208 , subscriber identity module (SIM) card slot  210 , headset jack  212 , and docking/charging external port  124 . Push button  206  is, optionally, used to turn the power on/off on the device by depressing the button and holding the button in the depressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by depressing the button and releasing the button before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an unlock process. In an alternative embodiment, device  100  also accepts verbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions through microphone  113 . Device  100  also, optionally, includes one or more contact intensity sensors  165  for detecting intensity of contacts on touch screen  112  and/or one or more tactile output generators  167  for generating tactile outputs for a user of device  100 . 
       FIG.  3    is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. Device  300  need not be portable. In some embodiments, device  300  is a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a tablet computer, a multimedia player device, a navigation device, an educational device (such as a child&#39;s learning toy), a gaming system, or a control device (e.g., a home or industrial controller). Device  300  typically includes one or more processing units (CPUs)  310 , one or more network or other communications interfaces  360 , memory  370 , and one or more communication buses  320  for interconnecting these components. Communication buses  320  optionally include circuitry (sometimes called a chipset) that interconnects and controls communications between system components. Device  300  includes input/output (I/O) interface  330  comprising display  340 , which is typically a touch screen display. I/O interface  330  also optionally includes a keyboard and/or mouse (or other pointing device)  350  and touchpad  355 , tactile output generator  357  for generating tactile outputs on device  300  (e.g., similar to tactile output generator(s)  167  described above with reference to  FIG.  1 A ), sensors  359  (e.g., optical, acceleration, proximity, touch-sensitive, and/or contact intensity sensors similar to contact intensity sensor(s)  165  described above with reference to  FIG.  1 A ). Memory  370  includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM, or other random access solid state memory devices; and optionally includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory  370  optionally includes one or more storage devices remotely located from CPU(s)  310 . In some embodiments, memory  370  stores programs, modules, and data structures analogous to the programs, modules, and data structures stored in memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100  ( FIG.  1 A ), or a subset thereof. Furthermore, memory  370  optionally stores additional programs, modules, and data structures not present in memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100 . For example, memory  370  of device  300  optionally stores drawing module  380 , presentation module  382 , word processing module  384 , website creation module  386 , disk authoring module  388 , and/or spreadsheet module  390 , while memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100  ( FIG.  1 A ) optionally does not store these modules. 
     Each of the above-identified elements in  FIG.  3    is, optionally, stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices. Each of the above-identified modules corresponds to a set of instructions for performing a function described above. The above-identified modules or programs (e.g., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures, or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise rearranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  370  optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  370  optionally stores additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces that are, optionally, implemented on, for example, portable multifunction device  100 . 
       FIG.  4 A  illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu of applications on portable multifunction device  100  in accordance with some embodiments. Similar user interfaces are, optionally, implemented on device  300 . In some embodiments, user interface  400  includes the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:
         Signal strength indicator(s)  402  for wireless communication(s), such as cellular and Wi-Fi signals;   Time  404 ;   Bluetooth indicator  405 ;   Battery status indicator  406 ;   Tray  408  with icons for frequently used applications, such as:
           Icon  416  for telephone module  138 , labeled “Phone,” which optionally includes an indicator  414  of the number of missed calls or voicemail messages;   Icon  418  for e-mail client module  140 , labeled “Mail,” which optionally includes an indicator  410  of the number of unread e-mails;   Icon  420  for browser module  147 , labeled “Browser;” and   Icon  422  for video and music player module  152 , also referred to as iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) module  152 , labeled “iPod;” and   
           Icons for other applications, such as:
           Icon  424  for IM module  141 , labeled “Messages;”   Icon  426  for calendar module  148 , labeled “Calendar;”   Icon  428  for image management module  144 , labeled “Photos;”   Icon  430  for camera module  143 , labeled “Camera;”   Icon  432  for online video module  155 , labeled “Online Video;”   Icon  434  for stocks widget  149 - 2 , labeled “Stocks;”   Icon  436  for map module  154 , labeled “Maps;”   Icon  438  for weather widget  149 - 1 , labeled “Weather;”   Icon  440  for alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , labeled “Clock;”   Icon  442  for workout support module  142 , labeled “Workout Support;”   Icon  444  for notes module  153 , labeled “Notes;” and   Icon  446  for a settings application or module, labeled “Settings,” which provides access to settings for device  100  and its various applications  136 .   
               

     It should be noted that the icon labels illustrated in  FIG.  4 A  are merely exemplary. For example, icon  422  for video and music player module  152  is labeled “Music” or “Music Player.” Other labels are, optionally, used for various application icons. In some embodiments, a label for a respective application icon includes a name of an application corresponding to the respective application icon. In some embodiments, a label for a particular application icon is distinct from a name of an application corresponding to the particular application icon. 
       FIG.  4 B  illustrates an exemplary user interface on a device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG.  3   ) with a touch-sensitive surface  451  (e.g., a tablet or touchpad  355 ,  FIG.  3   ) that is separate from the display  450  (e.g., touch screen display  112 ). Device  300  also, optionally, includes one or more contact intensity sensors (e.g., one or more of sensors  359 ) for detecting intensity of contacts on touch-sensitive surface  451  and/or one or more tactile output generators  357  for generating tactile outputs for a user of device  300 . 
     Although some of the examples that follow will be given with reference to inputs on touch screen display  112  (where the touch-sensitive surface and the display are combined), in some embodiments, the device detects inputs on a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display, as shown in  FIG.  4 B . In some embodiments, the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,  451  in  FIG.  4 B ) has a primary axis (e.g.,  452  in  FIG.  4 B ) that corresponds to a primary axis (e.g.,  453  in  FIG.  4 B ) on the display (e.g.,  450 ). In accordance with these embodiments, the device detects contacts (e.g.,  460  and  462  in  FIG.  4 B ) with the touch-sensitive surface  451  at locations that correspond to respective locations on the display (e.g., in  FIG.  4 B,  460    corresponds to  468  and  462  corresponds to  470 ). In this way, user inputs (e.g., contacts  460  and  462 , and movements thereof) detected by the device on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,  451  in  FIG.  4 B ) are used by the device to manipulate the user interface on the display (e.g.,  450  in  FIG.  4 B ) of the multifunction device when the touch-sensitive surface is separate from the display. It should be understood that similar methods are, optionally, used for other user interfaces described herein. 
     Additionally, while the following examples are given primarily with reference to finger inputs (e.g., finger contacts, finger tap gestures, finger swipe gestures), it should be understood that, in some embodiments, one or more of the finger inputs are replaced with input from another input device (e.g., a mouse-based input or stylus input). For example, a swipe gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click (e.g., instead of a contact) followed by movement of the cursor along the path of the swipe (e.g., instead of movement of the contact). As another example, a tap gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click while the cursor is located over the location of the tap gesture (e.g., instead of detection of the contact followed by ceasing to detect the contact). Similarly, when multiple user inputs are simultaneously detected, it should be understood that multiple computer mice are, optionally, used simultaneously, or a mouse and finger contacts are, optionally, used simultaneously. 
       FIG.  5 A  illustrates exemplary personal electronic device  500 . Device  500  includes body  502 . In some embodiments, device  500  can include some or all of the features described with respect to devices  100  and  300  (e.g.,  FIGS.  1 A- 4 B ). In some embodiments, device  500  has touch-sensitive display screen  504 , hereafter touch screen  504 . Alternatively, or in addition to touch screen  504 , device  500  has a display and a touch-sensitive surface. As with devices  100  and  300 , in some embodiments, touch screen  504  (or the touch-sensitive surface) optionally includes one or more intensity sensors for detecting intensity of contacts (e.g., touches) being applied. The one or more intensity sensors of touch screen  504  (or the touch-sensitive surface) can provide output data that represents the intensity of touches. The user interface of device  500  can respond to touches based on their intensity, meaning that touches of different intensities can invoke different user interface operations on device  500 . 
     Exemplary techniques for detecting and processing touch intensity are found, for example, in related applications: International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2013/040061, titled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Displaying User Interface Objects Corresponding to an Application,” filed May 8, 2013, published as WIPO Publication No. WO/2013/169849, and International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2013/069483, titled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Transitioning Between Touch Input to Display Output Relationships,” filed Nov. 11, 2013, published as WIPO Publication No. WO/2014/105276, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
     In some embodiments, device  500  has one or more input mechanisms  506  and  508 . Input mechanisms  506  and  508 , if included, can be physical. Examples of physical input mechanisms include push buttons and rotatable mechanisms. In some embodiments, device  500  has one or more attachment mechanisms. Such attachment mechanisms, if included, can permit attachment of device  500  with, for example, hats, eyewear, earrings, necklaces, shirts, jackets, bracelets, watch straps, chains, trousers, belts, shoes, purses, backpacks, and so forth. These attachment mechanisms permit device  500  to be worn by a user. 
       FIG.  5 B  depicts exemplary personal electronic device  500 . In some embodiments, device  500  can include some or all of the components described with respect to  FIGS.  1 A,  1 B , and  3 . Device  500  has bus  512  that operatively couples I/O section  514  with one or more computer processors  516  and memory  518 . I/O section  514  can be connected to display  504 , which can have touch-sensitive component  522  and, optionally, intensity sensor  524  (e.g., contact intensity sensor). In addition, I/O section  514  can be connected with communication unit  530  for receiving application and operating system data, using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, near field communication (NFC), cellular, and/or other wireless communication techniques. Device  500  can include input mechanisms  506  and/or  508 . Input mechanism  506  is, optionally, a rotatable input device or a depressible and rotatable input device, for example. Input mechanism  508  is, optionally, a button, in some examples. 
     Input mechanism  508  is, optionally, a microphone, in some examples. Personal electronic device  500  optionally includes various sensors, such as GPS sensor  532 , accelerometer  534 , directional sensor  540  (e.g., compass), gyroscope  536 , motion sensor  538 , and/or a combination thereof, all of which can be operatively connected to I/O section  514 . 
     Memory  518  of personal electronic device  500  can include one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage mediums, for storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by one or more computer processors  516 , for example, can cause the computer processors to perform the techniques described below, including processes  700 ,  900 , and  1100  ( FIGS.  7 A- 7 B,  9 A- 9 B, and  11   ). A computer-readable storage medium can be any medium that can tangibly contain or store computer-executable instructions for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. In some examples, the storage medium is a transitory computer-readable storage medium. In some examples, the storage medium is a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium can include, but is not limited to, magnetic, optical, and/or semiconductor storages. Examples of such storage include magnetic disks, optical discs based on CD, DVD, or Blu-ray technologies, as well as persistent solid-state memory such as flash, solid-state drives, and the like. Personal electronic device  500  is not limited to the components and configuration of  FIG.  5 B , but can include other or additional components in multiple configurations. 
     As used here, the term “affordance” refers to a user-interactive graphical user interface object that is, optionally, displayed on the display screen of devices  100 ,  300 , and/or  500  ( FIGS.  1 A,  3 , and  5 A- 5 B ). For example, an image (e.g., icon), a button, and text (e.g., hyperlink) each optionally constitute an affordance. 
     As used herein, the term “focus selector” refers to an input element that indicates a current part of a user interface with which a user is interacting. In some implementations that include a cursor or other location marker, the cursor acts as a “focus selector” so that when an input (e.g., a press input) is detected on a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touchpad  355  in  FIG.  3    or touch-sensitive surface  451  in  FIG.  4 B ) while the cursor is over a particular user interface element (e.g., a button, window, slider, or other user interface element), the particular user interface element is adjusted in accordance with the detected input. In some implementations that include a touch screen display (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112  in  FIG.  1 A  or touch screen  112  in  FIG.  4 A ) that enables direct interaction with user interface elements on the touch screen display, a detected contact on the touch screen acts as a “focus selector” so that when an input (e.g., a press input by the contact) is detected on the touch screen display at a location of a particular user interface element (e.g., a button, window, slider, or other user interface element), the particular user interface element is adjusted in accordance with the detected input. In some implementations, focus is moved from one region of a user interface to another region of the user interface without corresponding movement of a cursor or movement of a contact on a touch screen display (e.g., by using a tab key or arrow keys to move focus from one button to another button); in these implementations, the focus selector moves in accordance with movement of focus between different regions of the user interface. Without regard to the specific form taken by the focus selector, the focus selector is generally the user interface element (or contact on a touch screen display) that is controlled by the user so as to communicate the user&#39;s intended interaction with the user interface (e.g., by indicating, to the device, the element of the user interface with which the user is intending to interact). For example, the location of a focus selector (e.g., a cursor, a contact, or a selection box) over a respective button while a press input is detected on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touchpad or touch screen) will indicate that the user is intending to activate the respective button (as opposed to other user interface elements shown on a display of the device). 
     As used in the specification and claims, the term “characteristic intensity” of a contact refers to a characteristic of the contact based on one or more intensities of the contact. In some embodiments, the characteristic intensity is based on multiple intensity samples. The characteristic intensity is, optionally, based on a predefined number of intensity samples, or a set of intensity samples collected during a predetermined time period (e.g., 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 seconds) relative to a predefined event (e.g., after detecting the contact, prior to detecting liftoff of the contact, before or after detecting a start of movement of the contact, prior to detecting an end of the contact, before or after detecting an increase in intensity of the contact, and/or before or after detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact). A characteristic intensity of a contact is, optionally, based on one or more of: a maximum value of the intensities of the contact, a mean value of the intensities of the contact, an average value of the intensities of the contact, a top 10 percentile value of the intensities of the contact, a value at the half maximum of the intensities of the contact, a value at the 90 percent maximum of the intensities of the contact, or the like. In some embodiments, the duration of the contact is used in determining the characteristic intensity (e.g., when the characteristic intensity is an average of the intensity of the contact over time). In some embodiments, the characteristic intensity is compared to a set of one or more intensity thresholds to determine whether an operation has been performed by a user. For example, the set of one or more intensity thresholds optionally includes a first intensity threshold and a second intensity threshold. In this example, a contact with a characteristic intensity that does not exceed the first threshold results in a first operation, a contact with a characteristic intensity that exceeds the first intensity threshold and does not exceed the second intensity threshold results in a second operation, and a contact with a characteristic intensity that exceeds the second threshold results in a third operation. In some embodiments, a comparison between the characteristic intensity and one or more thresholds is used to determine whether or not to perform one or more operations (e.g., whether to perform a respective operation or forgo performing the respective operation), rather than being used to determine whether to perform a first operation or a second operation. 
     In some embodiments, a portion of a gesture is identified for purposes of determining a characteristic intensity. For example, a touch-sensitive surface optionally receives a continuous swipe contact transitioning from a start location and reaching an end location, at which point the intensity of the contact increases. In this example, the characteristic intensity of the contact at the end location is, optionally, based on only a portion of the continuous swipe contact, and not the entire swipe contact (e.g., only the portion of the swipe contact at the end location). In some embodiments, a smoothing algorithm is, optionally, applied to the intensities of the swipe contact prior to determining the characteristic intensity of the contact. For example, the smoothing algorithm optionally includes one or more of: an unweighted sliding-average smoothing algorithm, a triangular smoothing algorithm, a median filter smoothing algorithm, and/or an exponential smoothing algorithm. In some circumstances, these smoothing algorithms eliminate narrow spikes or dips in the intensities of the swipe contact for purposes of determining a characteristic intensity. 
     The intensity of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface is, optionally, characterized relative to one or more intensity thresholds, such as a contact-detection intensity threshold, a light press intensity threshold, a deep press intensity threshold, and/or one or more other intensity thresholds. In some embodiments, the light press intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will perform operations typically associated with clicking a button of a physical mouse or a trackpad. In some embodiments, the deep press intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will perform operations that are different from operations typically associated with clicking a button of a physical mouse or a trackpad. In some embodiments, when a contact is detected with a characteristic intensity below the light press intensity threshold (e.g., and above a nominal contact-detection intensity threshold below which the contact is no longer detected), the device will move a focus selector in accordance with movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface without performing an operation associated with the light press intensity threshold or the deep press intensity threshold. Generally, unless otherwise stated, these intensity thresholds are consistent between different sets of user interface figures. 
     An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below the light press intensity threshold to an intensity between the light press intensity threshold and the deep press intensity threshold is sometimes referred to as a “light press” input. An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below the deep press intensity threshold to an intensity above the deep press intensity threshold is sometimes referred to as a “deep press” input. An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below the contact-detection intensity threshold to an intensity between the contact-detection intensity threshold and the light press intensity threshold is sometimes referred to as detecting the contact on the touch-surface. A decrease of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity above the contact-detection intensity threshold to an intensity below the contact-detection intensity threshold is sometimes referred to as detecting liftoff of the contact from the touch-surface. In some embodiments, the contact-detection intensity threshold is zero. In some embodiments, the contact-detection intensity threshold is greater than zero. 
     In some embodiments described herein, one or more operations are performed in response to detecting a gesture that includes a respective press input or in response to detecting the respective press input performed with a respective contact (or a plurality of contacts), where the respective press input is detected based at least in part on detecting an increase in intensity of the contact (or plurality of contacts) above a press-input intensity threshold. In some embodiments, the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold (e.g., a “down stroke” of the respective press input). In some embodiments, the press input includes an increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold and a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the press-input intensity threshold, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contact below the press-input threshold (e.g., an “up stroke” of the respective press input). 
     In some embodiments, the device employs intensity hysteresis to avoid accidental inputs sometimes termed “jitter,” where the device defines or selects a hysteresis intensity threshold with a predefined relationship to the press-input intensity threshold (e.g., the hysteresis intensity threshold is X intensity units lower than the press-input intensity threshold or the hysteresis intensity threshold is 75%, 90%, or some reasonable proportion of the press-input intensity threshold). Thus, in some embodiments, the press input includes an increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold and a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold that corresponds to the press-input intensity threshold, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold (e.g., an “up stroke” of the respective press input). Similarly, in some embodiments, the press input is detected only when the device detects an increase in intensity of the contact from an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity at or above the press-input intensity threshold and, optionally, a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact to an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the press input (e.g., the increase in intensity of the contact or the decrease in intensity of the contact, depending on the circumstances). 
     For ease of explanation, the descriptions of operations performed in response to a press input associated with a press-input intensity threshold or in response to a gesture including the press input are, optionally, triggered in response to detecting either: an increase in intensity of a contact above the press-input intensity threshold, an increase in intensity of a contact from an intensity below the hysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity above the press-input intensity threshold, a decrease in intensity of the contact below the press-input intensity threshold, and/or a decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to the press-input intensity threshold. Additionally, in examples where an operation is described as being performed in response to detecting a decrease in intensity of a contact below the press-input intensity threshold, the operation is, optionally, performed in response to detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact below a hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to, and lower than, the press-input intensity threshold. 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) and associated processes that are implemented on an electronic device, such as portable multifunction device  100 , device  300 , or device  500 . 
       FIGS.  6 A- 6 T  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for adjusting a simulated depth effect (e.g., a Bokeh effect), in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in  FIGS.  7 A- 7 B . 
       FIG.  6 A  illustrates a front-view  600 A and a rear-view  600 B of an electronic device  600  (e.g., a smartphone). Electronic device  600  includes a display  602  (e.g., integrated with a touch-sensitive surface), an input device  604  (e.g., a mechanical input button, a press-able input button), a front-facing sensor  606  (e.g., including one or more front-facing cameras), and a rear-facing sensor  608  (e.g., including one or more rear-facing cameras). In some embodiments, electronic device  600  also includes one or more biometric sensors (e.g., a fingerprint sensor, a facial recognition sensor, an iris/retina scanner). 
     Electronic device  600  optionally also includes one or more depth camera sensors (e.g., similar to one or more depth camera sensors  175  described with reference to  FIG.  1 A ). The one or more depth camera sensors receive data from the environment to create a three-dimensional model of an object (e.g., a face) within a scene from a viewpoint (e.g., a depth camera sensor). In some embodiments, in conjunction with an imaging module (e.g., similar to imaging module  143  described with reference to  FIG.  1 A , and also called a camera module), the one or more depth camera sensors are optionally used to determine a depth map of different portions of an image captured by the imaging module. In some embodiments, one or more depth camera sensors are located on the front of device so that the user&#39;s image with depth information is, optionally, obtained for video conferencing while the user views the other video conference participants on the touch screen display and to capture selfies with depth map data. In some embodiments, the one or more depth camera sensors are located on the back of device, or on the back and the front of the device. In some embodiments, the position(s) of the one or more depth camera sensors can be changed by the user (e.g., by rotating the lens and the sensor in the device housing) so that a depth camera sensor is used along with the touch screen display for both video conferencing and still and/or video image acquisition. In some embodiments, the one or more depth camera sensors are integrated with front-facing camera  606  and/or rear-facing camera  608 . 
     In some embodiments, a depth map (e.g., depth map image) contains information (e.g., values) that relates to the distance of objects in a scene from a viewpoint (e.g., a camera, an optical sensor, a depth camera sensor). In one embodiment of a depth map, each depth pixel defines the position in the viewpoint&#39;s z-axis where its corresponding two-dimensional pixel is located. In some embodiments, a depth map is composed of pixels wherein each pixel is defined by a value (e.g., 0-255). For example, the “0” value represents pixels that are located at the most distant place in a “three dimensional” scene and the “255” value represents pixels that are located closest to a viewpoint (e.g., a camera, an optical sensor, a depth camera sensor) in the “three dimensional” scene. In other embodiments, a depth map represents the distance between an object in a scene and the plane of the viewpoint. In some embodiments, the depth map includes information about the relative depth of various features of an object of interest in view of the depth camera (e.g., the relative depth of eyes, nose, mouth, ears of a user&#39;s face). In some embodiments, the depth map includes information that enables the device to determine contours of the object of interest in a z direction. 
     In  FIG.  6 A , electronic device  600  displays, on display  602 , a user interface  610  (e.g., a lockscreen user interface) that includes an affordance  612  for launching an image capture application (e.g., a camera application, an image/photo capturing and editing application). While displaying user interface  610 , electronic device  600  detects (e.g., via a touch-sensitive surface of display  602 ) an activation  601  of affordance  612  (e.g., a tap gesture on affordance  612 ). 
     In  FIG.  6 B , in response to detecting activation  601 , electronic device  600  displays, on display  602 , a user interface  614  of the image capture application. In this example, image capture application is in a photo mode. While displaying user interface  614  of the image capture application, electronic device  600  receives, via rear-facing camera  608 , image data corresponding to the environment within the field-of-view of rear-facing camera  608 . In some examples, if the image capture application is in front-facing mode as opposed to rear-facing mode, electronic device  600  receives, via front-facing camera  606 , image data corresponding to the environment within the field-of-view of front-facing camera  606 . 
     Electronic device  600  displays, in an image display region  616  of user interface  614  of the image capture application, an image representation  618  of the image data received via rear-facing camera  608 . In this example, image representation  618  includes a subject  620  (e.g., a view of a person that includes the face of the person and at least a portion of the upper body of the person). In this example, image representation  618  also includes a light-emitting object  622 A (corresponding to a real light-emitting object in the real environment), light-emitting objects  622 B (corresponding to real light-emitting objects in the real environment), and light-emitting objects  622 C (corresponding to real light-emitting objects in the real environment). In this example, image representation  618  also includes a non-light emitting object  624  (corresponding to a real non-light-emitting object in the real environment). 
     User interface  614  of the image capture application also includes a first menu region  628 A and a second menu region  628 B. First menu region  628 A includes a plurality of affordances associated with adjusting image effects and/or properties. Second menu region  628 B includes a plurality of image capture mode options (e.g., photo mode, video mode, portrait mode, square mode, slow-motion mode). In  FIG.  6 B , electronic device  600  detects (e.g., via a touch-sensitive surface of display  602 ) an activation  603  of a portrait mode affordance  626  corresponding to portrait mode. 
     In  FIG.  6 C , in response to detecting activation  603  of portrait mode affordance  626 , electronic device  600  changes the current image capture mode of the image capture application from photo mode to portrait mode. In portrait mode, electronic device  600  displays, in first menu region  628 A of user interface  614 , a depth effect affordance  630  (e.g., for adjusting a depth-of-field of image representation  618  by adjusting a simulated f-number, also known as the f-stop, f-ratio, or focal ratio). 
     Further, in portrait mode, electronic device  600  applies a simulated depth effect (e.g., a Bokeh effect, a depth-of-field effect, with a default 4.5 f-number) to image representation  618  displayed in image display region  616 . In some embodiments, the simulated depth effect is applied to the background of image representation  618 , with subject  620  as the focal point. In some embodiments, the simulated depth effect is applied throughout image representation  618  based on a focal point within subject  620  (e.g., the center region of the face of subject  620 , such as the nose of subject  620 ). 
     As shown in  FIG.  6 C , with the simulated depth effect applied, depth-of-field properties of an object within image representation  618  are adjusted based on one or more characteristics of the particular object (e.g., the type of object, such as whether the object corresponds to a light-emitting object or to a non-light-emitting object, the shape of the object, the distance of the object from the focal point). For example, the depth-of-field properties of light-emitting objects  622 A,  622 B, and  622 C in image representation  618  are adjusted more drastically relative to non-light-emitting object  624  in image representation  618  (e.g., such that the light-emitting objects look more blurred, larger, brighter, more saturated, and/or with a more distorted shape than non-light-emitting objects). Adjustments to the depth-of-field properties of an object based on one or more characteristics of the object is described in greater detail below with reference to the user interfaces of  FIGS.  8 A- 8 R . 
     In  FIG.  6 D , while in portrait mode, electronic device  600  detects (e.g., via a touch-sensitive surface of display  602 ) an activation  605  of depth effect affordance  630  (e.g., a tap gesture on depth effect affordance  630 ). In some embodiments, electronic device  600  changes a visual characteristic of depth effect affordance (e.g., changes a color of the affordance) upon detecting activation of the affordance. Alternatively, in  FIG.  6 E , while in portrait mode, electronic device  600  detects (e.g., via a touch-sensitive surface of display  602 ) a swipe gesture  607  (e.g., a vertical swipe gesture, a swipe-up gesture) within image display region  616 . 
     In  FIG.  6 F , in response to detecting activation  605  of depth effect affordance  630  or swipe gesture  607  on image display region  616 , electronic device  600  shifts upwards image display region  616  within user interface  614  (such that first menu region  628 A becomes vertically narrower and second menu region  628 B becomes vertically wider) to display, in second menu region  628 B, a depth adjustment slider  632 . 
     Depth adjustment slider  632  includes a plurality of tickmarks  634  corresponding to f-numbers and a needle  636  indicating the currently-selected tickmark (and thus the currently-selected f-number). Depth adjustment slider  632  also includes a f-number indicator  638  (e.g., located over or adjacent to needle  636 ) indicating the value of the currently-selected f-number. As previously mentioned, in some embodiments, the default f-number is 4.5. In some embodiments, in addition to displaying the current f-number in f-number indicator  638 , electronic device  600  also displays the current f-number in depth effect affordance  630 . 
     In  FIG.  6 G , while displaying depth adjustment slider  632 , electronic device  600  detects (e.g., via a touch-sensitive surface of display  602 ) a swipe gesture  609  (e.g., a horizontal swipe gesture, a swipe-right gesture) on depth adjustment slider  632  (e.g., over tickmarks  634 ). In some examples, tickmarks  634  are (horizontally) shifted in response to swipe gesture  609  and needle  636  remains affixed. In some examples, needle  636  is shifted over affixed tickmarks  634  in response to a swipe gesture on depth adjustment slider  632 . 
     In  FIG.  6 H , in response to detecting swipe gesture  609 , electronic device  600  adjusts, based on the focal point of image representation  618  (e.g., the nose of subject  620 ), the depth-of-field properties of the objects (e.g., light-emitting objects  622 A,  622 B, and  622 C, and non-light-emitting object  624 ) within image representation  618 . 
     As shown by f-number indicator  638  (and, in some embodiments, also by depth effect affordance  630 ), the current f-number (3.9) is decreased from the previous (default) f-number (4.5) as a result of swipe gesture  609 . Light-emitting objects  622 A,  622 B, and  622 C are more blurred, larger, brighter, more saturated, and/or with a more distorted shape in  FIG.  6 H  (with a 3.9 f-number) than in  FIG.  6 G  (with a 4.5 f-number) and, likewise, non-light-emitting object  624  is more blurred, larger, larger, more saturated, and/or with a more distorted shape in  FIG.  6 H  than in  FIG.  6 G . The degree of change in the blurriness, the size, the degree of brightness, the degree of saturation, and/or the degree of shape-distortion of the objects from the previous f-number (4.5) to the lower f-number (3.9) is more drastic for light-emitting objects as compared to non-light-emitting objects. 
     Additionally, the shape of each object is further distorted based on each object&#39;s distance from the focal point (e.g., the nose of subject  620 ) of image representation  618  (e.g., if image representation  618  is viewed as an x, y-plane with the focal point being the center of the plane, the distance is measured as the straight line distance from the center of an object to the center of the plane). For example, the degree of shape distortion of object  622 B- 1  is more drastic (e.g., such that the object is less circular and more oval/stretched) than the degree of shape distortion of object  622 B- 2 . Similarly, the degree of shape distortion of object  622 C- 1  is more drastic (e.g., such that the object is less circular and more oval/stretched) than the degree of shape distortion of object  622 C- 2 . As mentioned, the changes in the depth-of-field properties of objects within the image representation are described in greater detail below with reference to  FIGS.  8 A- 8 R . 
     In  FIG.  6 H , electronic device  600  detects (e.g., via a touch-sensitive surface of display  602 ), a swipe gesture  611  (e.g., a continuation of swipe gesture  609 ) on depth adjustment slider  632 . 
     In  FIG.  6 I , in response to detecting swipe gesture  611 , electronic device  600  further adjusts, based on the focal point of image representation  618  (e.g., the nose of subject  620 ), the depth-of-field properties of the objects (e.g., light-emitting objects  622 A,  622 B, and  622 C, and non-light-emitting object  624 ) within image representation  618 . 
     As shown by f-number indicator  638  (and, in some embodiments, also by depth effect affordance  630 ), the current f-number (1.6) is further decreased from the previous f-number (3.9) as a result of swipe gesture  611 . Light-emitting objects  622 A,  622 B, and  622 C are more blurred, larger, brighter, more saturated, and/or with a more distorted shape in  FIG.  6 I  (with a 1.6 f-number) than in  FIG.  6 H  (with a 3.9 f-number) and, likewise, non-light-emitting object  624  is more blurred, larger, brighter, more saturated, and/or with a more distorted shape in  FIG.  6 I  than in  FIG.  6 H . The degree of change in the blurriness, the size, the degree of brightness, the degree of saturation, and/or the degree of shape-distortion of the objects from the previous f-number (3.9) to the lower f-number (1.6) is more drastic for light-emitting objects as compared to non-light-emitting objects. 
     In  FIG.  6 J , while displaying, in image display region  616 , image representation  618  corresponding to image data detected via rear-facing camera  608 , and while the simulated depth-of-field is set to a 1.6 f-number (as indicated by f-number indicator 1.6) as previously set in  FIG.  6 I , electronic device  600  detects (e.g., via a touch-sensitive surface of display  602 ) an activation  613  of image capture affordance  640  (e.g., a tap gesture on image capture affordance  640 ). 
     In response to detecting activation  613  of image capture affordance  640 , electronic device  600  stores (e.g., in a local memory of the device and/or a remote server accessible by the device) image data corresponding to image representation  618  with the simulated depth effect (with a 1.6 f-number) applied. 
     In  FIG.  6 K , electronic device  600  detects (e.g., via a touch-sensitive surface of display  602 ) an activation  615  of a stored images affordance  642  (e.g., a tap gesture on stored images affordance  642 . 
     In  FIG.  6 L , in response to detecting activation  615  of stored images affordance  642 , electronic device displays, on display  602 , a user interface  644  of a stored images application. User interface  644  includes an image display region  646  for displaying a stored image. In  FIG.  6 L , electronic device  600  displays, in image display region  646 , a stored image representation  648  corresponding to image representation  618  captured in  FIG.  6 J . As with image representation  618 , stored image representation  648  includes a subject  650  (corresponding to subject  620 ), a light-emitting object  652 A (corresponding to light-emitting object  622 A), light-emitting objects  652 B (corresponding to light-emitting objects  622 B), light-emitting objects  652 C (corresponding to light-emitting objects  622 C), and non-light-emitting object  654  corresponding to non-light-emitting object  624 ). Further, as with image representation  618  when captured (in  FIG.  6 J ), stored image representation  648  is adjusted with a 1.6 f-number simulated depth-of-field setting. 
     In  FIG.  6 L , while displaying stored image representation  648 , electronic device  600  detects (e.g., via a touch-sensitive surface of display  602 ) an activation  617  of an edit affordance  656  of user interface  644  (e.g., a tap gesture on edit affordance  656 ). 
     In  FIG.  6 M , in response to detecting activation  617  of edit affordance  656 , electronic device  600  displays (e.g., in a menu region of user interface  644  below image display region  646  showing the stored image representation) depth adjustment slider  632  (set to a 1.6 f-number, as indicated by f-number indicator  638 ). In some examples, image display region  646  shifts upwards within user interface  644  to display depth adjustment slider  632  (e.g., similar to image display region  616  shifting upwards, as described with reference to  FIG.  6 F ). Electronic device  600  also displays (e.g., in a region of user interface  644  above image display region  646  showing the stored image representation), a depth effect indicator  658  indicating that the currently-displayed stored image representation (stored image representation  648 ) is adjusted with a simulated depth effect. 
     In  FIG.  6 N , while displaying depth adjustment slider  632 , electronic device  600  detects (e.g., via a touch-sensitive surface of display  602 ), a swipe gesture  619  (e.g., a horizontal swipe gesture, a swipe-left gesture) on depth adjustment slider  632  (e.g., over tickmarks  634 ). In some examples, tickmarks  634  are (horizontally) shifted in response to swipe gesture  619  and needle  636  remains affixed. In some examples, needle  636  is shifted over affixed tickmarks  634  in response to a swipe gesture on depth adjustment slider  632 . 
     In  FIG.  6 O , in response to detecting swipe gesture  619 , electronic device  600  adjusts, based on the focal point of stored image representation  648  (e.g., the nose of subject  650 ), the depth-of-field properties of the objects (e.g., light-emitting objects  652 A,  652 B, and  652 C, and non-light-emitting object  654 ) within stored image representation  648 . 
     As shown by f-number indicator  638 , the current f-number (4.9) is increased from the previous (stored) f-number (1.6) as a result of swipe gesture  619 . As such, light-emitting objects  652 A,  652 B, and  652 C are less blurred, smaller, less bright, less saturated, and/or with a less distorted shape (and more “sharp”) in  FIG.  6 O  (with a 4.9 f-number) than in  FIG.  6 N  (with a 1.6 f-number) and, likewise, non-light-emitting object  654  is less blurred, smaller, less bright, less saturated, and/or with a less distorted shape and instead sharper in  FIG.  6 O  than in  FIG.  6 N . The degree of change in the blurriness, the size, the degree of brightness, the degree of saturation, and/or with the degree of shape-distortion (and an increase in sharpness) of the objects from the previous f-number (1.6) to the higher f-number (4.9) is more drastic for light-emitting objects as compared to non-light-emitting objects. As mentioned, the changes in the depth-of-field properties of objects within the image representation are described in greater detail below with reference to  FIGS.  8 A- 8 R . 
     In  FIG.  6 O , electronic device  600  detects (e.g., via a touch-sensitive surface of display  602 ), a swipe gesture  621  (e.g., a continuation of swipe gesture  619 ) on depth adjustment slider  632 . 
     In  FIG.  6 P , in response to detecting swipe gesture  621 , electronic device  600  further adjusts, based on the focal point of stored image representation  648  (e.g., the nose of subject  650 ), the depth-of-field properties of the objects (e.g., light-emitting objects  652 A,  652 B, and  652 C, and non-light-emitting object  654 ) within stored image representation  648 . 
     As shown by f-number indicator  638 , the current f-number (8.7) is increased from the previous f-number (4.9) as a result of swipe gesture  621 . As such, light-emitting objects  652 A,  652 B, and  652 C are less blurred, smaller, less bright, less saturated, and/or with a less distorted shape (and sharper, and thus closer to its real shape without any image distortion) in  FIG.  6 P  (with a 8.7 f-number) than in  FIG.  6 O  (with a 4.9 f-number) and, likewise, non-light-emitting object  654  is less blurred, smaller, less bright, less saturated, and/or with a less distorted shape (and sharper, and thus closer to its real shape without any image distortion) in  FIG.  6 P  than in  FIG.  6 O . The degree of change in the blurriness, the size, the degree of brightness, the degree of saturation, and/or the degree of shape-distortion (and an increase in sharpness) of the objects from the previous f-number (5) to the higher f-number (10) is more drastic for light-emitting objects as compared to non-light-emitting objects. As mentioned, the changes in the depth-of-field properties of objects within the image representation are described in greater detail below with reference to  FIGS.  8 A- 8 R . 
       FIG.  6 Q  illustrates electronic device  600  displaying, in display  602 , a settings user interface  660  of the image capture application. In  FIG.  6 Q , while displaying settings user interface  660 , electronic device detects (e.g., via a touch-sensitive surface of display  602 ) an activation  623  of a preserve settings affordance  662  of settings user interface  660  (e.g., a tap gesture on preserve settings affordance  662 ). 
     In  FIG.  6 R , in response to detecting activation  623  of preserve settings affordance  662 , electronic device  600  displays, on display  602 , a preserve settings user interface  664  associated with the image capture application and the stored images application. Preserve settings user interface  664  includes a creative controls option  666  (e.g., with a corresponding toggle  668 ) for activating or de-activating creative controls. In some embodiments, when creative controls is active, electronic device  600  preserves previously-set image effects settings (e.g., including the simulated depth effect setting) when the image capture application and/or the stored images application are closed and re-launched (such that the previously-set image effects setting, such as the previously-set f-number, is automatically re-loaded and applied to the displayed image representation). In some embodiments, when creative controls is inactive, electronic device  600  does not preserve the previously-set image effects settings, and image effects settings (including the depth effect setting) is restored to default values when the image capture application and/or stored images application are re-launched. 
       FIG.  6 S  illustrates an electronic device  670  (e.g., a laptop computer) with a display  672  and a front-facing camera  674 . In some embodiments, electronic device  670  also includes a rear-facing camera. 
     In  FIG.  6 S , electronic device  670  displays, on display  672 , a user interface  676  of an image application (e.g., corresponding to the image capture application or the stored images application), where an image representation  678  corresponding to image representation  618  is displayed in user interface  676 . Electronic device  670  also displays, within user interface  676  (e.g., below image representation  678 ), a depth adjustment slider  680  similar to depth adjustment slider  632 . Depth adjustment slider  680  includes a plurality of tickmarks  682  corresponding to f-numbers and a needle  684  indicating the currently-selected tickmark (and thus the currently-selected f-number). Depth adjustment slider  680  also includes a f-number indicator  686  (e.g., located adjacent to the slider) indicating the value of the currently-selected f-number. In some examples, a cursor  688  can be used to navigate needle  684  over tickmarks  682 , thereby changing the f-number to adjust the simulated depth effect of image representation  678 . 
       FIG.  6 T  illustrates an electronic device  690  (e.g., a tablet computer, a laptop computer with a touch-sensitive display) with a display  692 . In some embodiments, electronic device  690  also includes a front-facing camera and/or a rear-facing camera. 
     In  FIG.  6 T , electronic device  690  displays, on display  692 , a user interface  694  of an image application (e.g., corresponding to the image capture application or the stored images application), where an image representation  696  corresponding to image representation  618  is displayed in user interface  694 . Electronic device  690  also displays, within user interface  694  (e.g., adjacent to image representation  696 ), a depth adjustment slider  698  (e.g., in a vertical direction) similar to depth adjustment slider  632 . Depth adjustment slider  698  includes a plurality of tickmarks  699  corresponding to f-numbers and a needle  697  indicating the currently-selected tickmark (and thus the currently-selected f-number). Depth adjustment slider  698  also includes a f-number indicator  695  (e.g., located below or adjacent to the slider) indicating the value of the currently-selected f-number. 
     In some examples, depth adjustment slider  698  can be adjusted via vertical swipe gestures such that tickmarks  699  are moved relative to an affixed needle  697 . In some examples, depth adjustment slider  698  can be adjusted via vertical swipe gestures such that needle  697  is moved relative to affixed tickmarks  699 . 
     In some examples, electronic device  690  also displays (e.g., in a region of user interface  694  adjacent to image representation  696 , in a region of user interface  694  adjacent to image representation  696  and opposite from depth adjustment slider  698 ), a plurality of lighting settings  693  corresponding to various lighting/light filtering options that can be applied to image representation  696 , and can be changed via vertical swipe gestures. In some examples, depth adjustment slider  698  and lighting settings  693  can concurrently be adjusted and the concurrent adjustments can simultaneously be reflected in image representation  696 . 
       FIGS.  7 A- 7 B  are a flow diagram illustrating a method for managing user interfaces for adjusting a simulated depth effect, in accordance with some embodiments. Method  700  is performed at a device (e.g.,  100 ,  300 ,  500 ,  600 ) with a display and one or more input devices (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface of the display, a mechanical input device). Some operations in method  700  are, optionally, combined, the orders of some operations are, optionally, changed, and some operations are, optionally, omitted. 
     As described below, method  700  provides an intuitive way for managing user interfaces for simulated depth effects. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user for managing and navigating user interfaces for simulated depth effects, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated computing devices, enabling a user to navigate user interfaces faster and more efficiently by providing easy management of user interfaces for simulating depth effects conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     The electronic device (e.g.,  600 ) displays ( 702 ), on the display (e.g.,  602 ), a representation of image data (e.g.,  618 , a displayed image corresponding to the image data, a portrait image of a person/subject). 
     In some embodiments, the representation of image data (e.g.,  618 ) is a live-feed image currently being captured by one or more cameras of the electronic device (e.g.,  600 ). In some embodiments, the representation of image data (e.g.,  648 ) is a previously-taken image stored in and retrieved from memory (of the electronic device or an external server). In some embodiments, the depth data of the image can be adjusted/manipulated to apply a depth effect to the representation of image data. 
     In some embodiments, the image data includes at least two components: an RGB component that encodes the visual characteristics of a captured image, and depth data that encodes information about the relative spacing relationship of elements within the captured image (e.g., the depth data encodes that a user is in the foreground, and background elements, such as a tree positioned behind the user, are in the background). 
     In some embodiments, the depth data is a depth map. In some embodiments, a depth map (e.g., depth map image) contains information (e.g., values) that relates to the distance of objects in a scene from a viewpoint (e.g., a camera). In one embodiment of a depth map, each depth pixel defines the position in the viewpoint&#39;s z-axis where its corresponding two-dimensional pixel is located. In some examples, a depth map is composed of pixels wherein each pixel is defined by a value (e.g., 0-255). For example, the “0” value represents pixels that are located at the most distant place in a “three dimensional” scene and the “255” value represents pixels that are located closest to a viewpoint (e.g., camera) in the “three dimensional” scene. In other examples, a depth map represents the distance between an object in a scene and the plane of the viewpoint. In some embodiments, the depth map includes information about the relative depth of various features of an object of interest in view of the depth camera (e.g., the relative depth of eyes, nose, mouth, ears of a user&#39;s face). In some embodiments, the depth map includes information that enables the device to determine contours of the object of interest in a z direction. In some embodiments, the depth data has a second depth component (e.g., a second portion of depth data that encodes a spatial position of the background in the camera display region; a plurality of depth pixels that form a discrete portion of the depth map, such as a background), separate from the first depth component, the second depth aspect including the representation of the background in the camera display region. In some embodiments, the first depth aspect and second depth aspect are used to determine a spatial relationship between the subject in the camera display region and the background in the camera display region. This spatial relationship can be used to distinguish the subject from the background. This distinction can be exploited to, for example, apply different visual effects (e.g., visual effects having a depth component) to the subject and background. In some embodiments, all areas of the image data that do not correspond to the first depth component (e.g., areas of the image data that are out of range of the depth camera) are adjusted based on different degrees of blurriness/sharpness, size, brightness, saturation, and/or shape-distortion in order to simulate a depth effect, such as a Bokeh effect. 
     In some embodiments, displaying, on the display, the representation of image data further comprises, in accordance with a determination that the representation of image data corresponds to stored image data (e.g., that of a stored/saved image or a previously-captured image), displaying the representation of image data with a prior simulated depth effect as previously modified by a prior first value for the simulated depth effect. In some embodiments, the representation of image data (e.g.,  648 ) corresponds to stored image data when a camera/image application for displaying representations of image data is in an edit mode (e.g., a mode for editing existing/previously-captured images or photos). In some embodiments, if the representation of image data corresponds to stored image data with a prior simulated depth effect, the electronic device (e.g.,  600 ) automatically displayed the adjustable slider upon (e.g., concurrently with) displaying the representation of image data (e.g., within a camera/image application). Thus, in some embodiments, the adjustable slider (e.g.,  632 ) is displayed with the representation of image data without the first input. In some embodiments, whether the adjustable slider is automatically displayed upon displaying the representation of image data (if the image data is already associated with a prior simulated depth effect) depends on the type of the electronic device (e.g., whether the electronic device is a smartphone, a smartwatch, a laptop computer, or a desktop computer). 
     While displaying the representation of image data (e.g.,  618 ,  648 ) with a simulated depth effect (e.g., a depth effect, such as a Bokeh effect, that is applied to the representation based on a manipulation of the underlying data to artificially generate the effect) as modified by a first value of a plurality of selectable values for the simulated depth effect, the electronic device (e.g.,  600 ) detects ( 706 ), via the one or more input devices, a first input (e.g.,  605 ,  607 , an activation of an affordance displayed on the display, a gesture, such as a slide-up gesture on the image, detected via the touch-sensitive surface of the display). 
     In some embodiments, while displaying, on the display (e.g.,  602 ), the representation of image data (e.g.,  618 ,  648 ), the electronic device (e.g.,  600 ) displays ( 704 ), on the display (e.g., in an affordances region (e.g.,  628 A) corresponding to different types of effects that can be applied to the representation of image data), a simulated depth effect adjustment affordance (e.g.,  630 ), wherein the first input is an activation (e.g.,  605 , a tap gesture) of the simulated depth effect adjustment affordance. In some embodiments, the simulated depth effect adjustment affordance includes a symbol indicating that the affordance relates to depth effects, such as a f-number symbol. Displaying the simulated depth effect adjustment affordance while displaying the representation of image data and including a symbol indicating that the affordance relates to depth effects improves visual feedback by enabling a user to quickly and easily recognize that adjustments to depth-of-field properties can be made to the representation of image data. Providing improved visual feedback to the user enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, the simulated depth effect is “simulated” in that the effect is (artificially) generated based on a manipulation of the underlying image data to create and apply the effect to the corresponding representation of image data (e.g.,  618 ,  648 ) (e.g., as opposed to being a “natural” effect that is based on underlying data as originally captured via one or more cameras). 
     In some embodiments, prior to detecting the first input (e.g.,  605 ,  607 ), the simulated depth effect adjustment affordance (e.g.,  630 ) is displayed with a first visual characteristic (e.g., a particular color indicating that the affordance is not currently selected, such as a default color or a white color). In some embodiments, after detecting the first input, the simulated depth effect adjustment affordance is displayed with a second visual characteristic (e.g., a particular color indicating that the affordance is currently selected, such as a highlight color or a yellow color) different from the first visual characteristic. Changing a visual characteristic of the simulated depth effect adjustment affordance improves visual feedback by enabling the user to quickly and easily recognize that the simulated depth effect feature is active. Providing improved visual feedback to the user enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, displaying the simulated depth effect adjustment affordance (e.g.,  630 ) comprises, in accordance with a determination that the currently-selected depth effect value corresponds to a default depth effect value (e.g., a default f-number value determined/set by the electronic device), forgoing displaying, in the simulated depth effect adjustment affordance, the currently-selected depth effect value. In some embodiments, the default depth effect value is a 4.5 f-number. In some embodiments, displaying the simulated depth effect adjustment affordance comprises, in accordance with a determination that the currently-selected depth effect value corresponds to a non-default depth effect value (e.g., any f-number value within a range of available f-number values that does not correspond to the default f-number value), displaying, in the simulated depth effect adjustment affordance (e.g., adjacent to a f-number symbol), the currently-selected depth effect value. 
     In some embodiments, prior to detecting the first input (e.g.,  605 ,  607 ), the electronic device (e.g.,  600 ) displays, on the display (e.g.,  602 ), one or more mode selector affordances (e.g., a region with one or more affordances for changing a camera-related operation mode of the electronic device, such as a camera mode selector affordance), wherein displaying the adjustable slider (e.g.,  632 ) comprises replacing display of the one or more mode selector affordances with the adjustable slider. Replacing display of the one or more mode selector affordances with the adjustable slider improves visual feedback and enabling the user to quickly and easily recognize that the device is now in a depth effect adjustment mode. Providing improved visual feedback to the user enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, prior to detecting the first input, the electronic device (e.g.,  600 ) displays, on the display (e.g.,  602 ), a zoom control element (e.g., a region with one or more affordances for changing a zoom level of the camera), wherein displaying the adjustable slider (e.g.,  632 ) comprises replacing display of the zoom control element. 
     In some embodiments, the first input (e.g.,  607 ) is a swipe gesture in a first direction in a first portion of the user interface (e.g.,  614 , a swipe-up gesture on the touch-sensitive surface of the display). In some embodiments, the swipe gesture is a swipe-up gesture on a region of the display corresponding to the representation of image data. In some embodiments, the swipe gesture is a swipe-up gesture on a region of the display corresponding to a bottom edge of the representation image data (e.g.,  618 ). In some embodiments, if the swipe is in a second direction, the adjustable slider is not displayed and, optionally, a different operation is performed (e.g., switching camera modes or performing a zoom operation). In some embodiments, if the swipe is in a second portion of the user interface, the adjustable slider is not displayed and, optionally, a different operation is performed. Providing additional control options (without cluttering the user interface with additional displayed controls) enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In response to detecting the first input (e.g.,  605 ,  607 ), the electronic device (e.g.,  600 ) displays ( 708 ), on the display (e.g.,  602 ) (e.g., below the representation of image data, adjacent to the representation of image data), an adjustable slider (e.g.,  632 ) (e.g., a horizontal or vertical slider comprising a plurality of tick marks and a needle) associated with manipulating the representation of image data (e.g., manipulating a depth effect of the representation of image data, a depth-of-field effect of the representation of image data). The adjustable slider includes ( 710 ) a plurality of option indicators (e.g.,  634 , represented as tick marks, gauge marks) corresponding to a plurality of the selectable values for the simulated depth effect (e.g., (simulated) depth-of-field, f-number/f-stop). In some embodiments, the plurality of option indicators are slidable (e.g., horizontally or vertically) within the adjustable slider. The adjustable slider also includes ( 712 ) a selection indicator (e.g.,  636 , represented as a needle) indicating that the first value is a currently-selected simulated depth effect value. 
     In some embodiments, the position of the selection indicator (e.g.,  636 , needle) is fixed and the plurality of option indicators (e.g.,  634 , tickmarks) are adjustable within the slider (e.g.,  632 ) such that the plurality of option indicators are moved relative to the selection indicator to adjust the currently-selected depth-of-field value. In some embodiments, only a subset of all of the available option indicators are concurrently displayed within the slider—option indicators that are not displayed are displayed within the slider in response to an adjustment of the slider (e.g., a user input moving the option indicators in a horizontal or vertical direction). 
     In some embodiments, the plurality of option indicators (e.g.,  634 ) are fixed and the position of the selection indicator (e.g.,  636 ) is adjustable within the slider such that the selection indicator is moved relative to the plurality of option indicators to adjust the currently-selected depth-of-field value. 
     In some embodiments, in response to detecting the first input (e.g.,  605 ,  607 ), the electronic device (e.g.,  600 ) slides ( 714 ) (e.g., vertically, sliding up by a predetermined amount) the representation of image data (e.g.,  618 ) on the display (e.g.,  602 ) to display (e.g., reveal) the adjustable slider (e.g.,  632 ) (e.g., sliding the representation of the image data in a direction corresponding to a direction of a swipe input). 
     While displaying the adjustable slider (e.g.,  632 ), the electronic device (e.g.,  600 ) detects ( 716 ) via the one or more input devices, an input directed to the adjustable slider. 
     In some embodiments, the input (e.g.,  609 ,  611 ,  619 ,  621 ) directed to the adjustable slider (e.g.,  632 ) is a (horizontal) swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe-left gesture or a swipe-right gesture) on the adjustable slider, wherein the swipe gesture includes a user movement (e.g., using a finger) in a first direction having at least a first velocity (greater than a threshold velocity) at an end of the swipe gesture (e.g., a velocity of movement of a contact performing the swipe gesture at or near when the contact is lifted-off from the touch-sensitive surface). 
     In response to detecting ( 718 ) the input (e.g.,  609 ,  611 ,  619 ,  621 ) directed to the adjustable slider (e.g.,  632 ) (e.g., a tap or swipe at a location corresponding to the adjustable slider), the electronic device (e.g.,  600 ) moves ( 720 ) the adjustable slider to indicate that a second value, of the plurality of selectable values for the simulated depth effect, is the currently-selected simulated depth effect value. 
     In response to detecting ( 718 ) the input directed to the adjustable slider (e.g., a tap or swipe at a location corresponding to the adjustable slider), the electronic device (e.g.,  600 ) changes ( 722 ) an appearance of the representation of image data (e.g.,  618 ,  648 ) in accordance with the simulated depth effect as modified by the second value. Changing an appearance of the representation of image data in response to detecting the input directed to the adjustable slider improves visual feedback by enabling the user to quickly and easily view changes to the representation of image data that is caused by the user&#39;s input. Providing improved visual feedback to the user enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, moving the adjustable slider (e.g.,  632 ) comprises moving the plurality of option indicators (e.g.,  634 , represented as tick marks) while the selection indicator (e.g.,  636 , represented as a needle) remains fixed. Thus, in some embodiments, moving the adjustable slider comprises sliding the plurality of tick marks corresponding to f-values while the needle stays fixed in the same location within the slider. In some embodiments, moving the adjustable slider comprises moving the selection indicator (e.g., represented as a needle) while the plurality of option indicators remain fixed (e.g., represented as tick marks). Thus, in some embodiments, moving the adjustable slider comprises sliding the needle back and forth over the plurality of tick marks corresponding to f-values while the tick marks stay fixed in the same location within the slider. 
     In some embodiments, while moving the adjustable slider (e.g.,  632 ) (e.g., by moving the plurality of option indicators relative to a fixed selection indicator, or by moving the selection indicator relative to fixed option indicators), the electronic device (e.g.,  600 ) generates ( 724 ) (e.g., via one or more tactile output generators and/or one or more speakers of the electronic device) a first type of output (e.g., tactile output, audio output) in sync with the movement of the adjustable slider as different values are selected for a parameter controlled by the adjustable slider. In some embodiments, the electronic device generates a discrete output (e.g., a discrete tactile output, a discrete audio output) each time the selection indicator aligns with or passes an option indicator of the plurality of option indicators. Generating a first type of output (e.g., tactile output, audio output) in sync with the movement of the adjustable slider as different values are selected for a parameter controlled by the adjustable slider improves feedback by providing a coordinated response to the user&#39;s input. Providing improved visual feedback to the user enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, while moving the adjustable slider (e.g.,  632 ), in accordance with a determination that the representation of image data (e.g.,  618 ,  648 ) corresponds to stored image data (e.g., that of a stored/saved image or a previously-captured image), the first type of output includes ( 726 ) audio output (e.g., generated via one or more speakers of the electronic device and/or generated via one or more tactile output generators of the electronic device). In some embodiments, while moving the adjustable slider, in accordance with a determination that the representation of image data corresponds to a live preview of image data being captured by the one or more cameras, the first type of output does not include ( 728 ) audio output (e.g., generated via one or more speakers of the electronic device and/or generated via one or more tactile output generators of the electronic device). In some embodiments, the representation of image data corresponds to stored image data when a camera/image application for displaying representations of image data is in an edit mode (e.g., a mode for editing existing/previously-captured images or photos). 
     Note that details of the processes described above with respect to method  700  (e.g.,  FIGS.  7 A- 7 B ) are also applicable in an analogous manner to the methods described below. For example, method  900  optionally includes one or more of the characteristics of the various methods described above with reference to method  700 . For example, the simulated depth effect applied to an image representation, as described in method  900 , can be adjusted using the depth adjustment slider described in method  700 . For another example, method  1100  optionally includes one or more of the characteristics of the various methods described above with reference to method  700 . For example, the notification concerning detected interference, as described in method  1100 , can be associated with detected magnetic interference that can impede with one or more depth sensors used for simulating depth effects. For brevity, these details are not repeated below. 
       FIGS.  8 A- 8 R  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for displaying adjustments to a simulated depth effect (e.g., a Bokeh effect), in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in  FIGS.  9 A- 9 B . 
       FIG.  8 A  illustrates electronic device  600  as described above with reference to  FIGS.  6 A- 6 T . In  FIG.  8 A , electronic device  600  displays, on display  602 , a user interface  804  of the image capture application, where the image capture application is in portrait mode. While in portrait mode, user interface  804  displays (e.g., above or adjacent to an image display region  806 ) a depth effect affordance  810  (e.g., corresponding to depth effect affordance  630 ). 
     Electronic device  600  also displays, in image display region  806 , an image representation  808  of image data captured via rear-facing camera  608 . In this example, image representation  808  does not include a subject (e.g., a person), as a subject is not within the field-of-view of rear-facing camera  608 . 
     In portrait mode, electronic device  600  displays, in image representation  808 , subject markers  812  indicating that a subject need to be placed within the general region of image representation  808  occupied by the markers to properly enable portrait mode. Because a subject is not currently detected, electronic device  600  displays (e.g., in a top portion of image display region  806 ), a message  814  requesting that a subject be placed in the environment corresponding to the region of image representation  808  occupied by subject markers  812 . 
     In  FIG.  8 B , a real subject in the real environment is detected within the field-of-view of rear-facing camera  608 . Upon detecting the real subject, electronic device  600  displays, in image representation  808 , a subject  816  corresponding to the real subject detected within the field-of-view of rear-facing camera  608 . 
     In  FIG.  8 C , in accordance with a determination that subject  816  is within the general region of image representation  808  indicated by subject markers  812 , electronic device  600  provides, via subject markers  812  (e.g., by the markers “locking on” to the subject, by the markers changing a visual characteristic, such as changing to a different color), an indication that the subject is within the general region of image representation  808  occupied by subject markers  812  to properly enable portrait mode. 
     In some embodiments, if a subject is detected but is too far away from electronic device  600  (e.g., more than a predefined distance away from the device, such as more than 10 feet away from the device) to fully enable portrait mode, electronic device  600  displays a notification indicating that the subject be placed closer to the device. In some embodiments, if a subject is detected but is too close to electronic device  600  (e.g., less than a predefined distance away from the device, such as closer than 1 foot from the device) to fully enable portrait mode, electronic device  600  displays a notification indicating that the subject be placed farther away from the device. 
     Upon detecting subject  816  within the general region of image representation  808  indicated by subject markers  812 , electronic device  600  activates portrait mode. Upon activation of portrait mode, electronic device  600  adjusts image representation  812  by applying, based on a focal point within image representation  808  (e.g. the nose of subject  816 ), a simulated depth effect (e.g., a Bokeh effect, the simulated depth effect described above with respect to image representation  618 ) to objects within image representation  808  with the default f-number (e.g., 4.5). In this example, image representation  808  includes light-emitting objects  818 A,  818 B,  818 C, and  818 D and non-light-emitting objects  820 A and  820 B. In some embodiments, the simulated depth effect is also applied to portions of subject  816  that do not correspond to the focal point (e.g., portions of subject  816  other than the nose of the subject). 
     In  FIG.  8 D , while displaying image representation  808  with subject  816  detected, electronic device  600  detects (e.g., via a touch-sensitive surface of display  602 ) an activation  801  of depth effect affordance  810 . 
     In  FIG.  8 E , in response to detecting activation  801  of depth effect affordance  810 , electronic device  600  displays (e.g., within a menu region of user interface  804  below image display region  806 , a depth adjustment slider  822  (corresponding to depth adjustment slider  632  described above with reference to  FIGS.  6 A- 6 R ). As with depth adjustment slider  632 , depth adjustment slider  822  includes a plurality of tickmarks  824  corresponding to f-numbers, a needle  824  indicating the currently-selected tickmark (and thus the currently-selected f-number), and a f-number indicator  828  (e.g., located below or adjacent to the slider) indicating the value of the currently-selected f-number. In  FIG.  8 E , because the current f-number is the default f-number, f-number indicator  828  indicates the default f-number value (e.g., of 4.5). In some embodiments, when depth adjustment slider  822  is activated, in addition to f-number indicator  828 , depth effect affordance  810  also displays the current f-number. 
     In  FIG.  8 E , while displaying depth adjustment slider  822 , electronic device  600  detects (e.g., via a touch-sensitive surface of display  602 ) a swipe gesture  803  (e.g., a horizontal swipe gesture, a swipe-right gesture) on depth adjustment slider  822 , thereby causing tickmarks  824  to horizontally slide relative to the affixed needle  826 . 
     As shown in  FIG.  8 F , swipe gesture  803  causes depth adjustment slider  822  to slide such that a lower f-number (e.g., of 1.6) is set as the current f-number, as indicated by f-number indicator  828  (and, in some embodiments, also by depth effect affordance  810 ). 
     In  FIG.  8 F , electronic device  800  adjusts image representation  808  to reflect the new depth-of-field value. (e.g., of 1.6). Specifically, because of the smaller simulated depth-of-field value, light-emitting object  818 A is more distorted (e.g., blurrier, larger, brighter, more saturated, and/or with a more distorted shape) in  FIG.  8 F  (with f-number 1.6) than in  FIG.  8 E  (with f-number 4.5). Similarly, because of the smaller simulated depth-of-field value, light-emitting objects  818 B are more distorted (e.g., blurrier, larger, brighter, more saturated, and/or with a more distorted shape) in  FIG.  8 F  (with f-number 1.6) than in  FIG.  8 E  (with f-number 4.5). Similarly, because of the smaller simulated depth-of-field value, light-emitting objects  818 C are more distorted (e.g., blurrier, larger, brighter, more saturated, and/or with a more distorted shape) in  FIG.  8 F  (with f-number 1.6) than in  FIG.  8 E  (with f-number 4.5). Similarly, because of the smaller simulated depth-of-field value, non-light-emitting object  820 A is more distorted (e.g., blurrier, larger, brighter, more saturated, and/or with a more distorted shape) in  FIG.  8 F  (with f-number 1.6) than in  FIG.  8 E  (with f-number 4.5). Similarly, because of the smaller simulated depth-of-field value, non-light-emitting object  820 B is more distorted (e.g., blurrier, larger, brighter, more saturated, and/or with a more distorted shape) in  FIG.  8 F  (with f-number 1.6) than in  FIG.  8 E  (with f-number 4.5). 
     Further, the degree of distortion (e.g., the degree of blurriness, the size, the degree of brightness, the degree of saturation, and/or the degree of distortion in the shape of the object relative to the focal point) of the objects differs based on the distance of each object to the focal point of image representation  808  (e.g., the nose of subject  816 ). Specifically, if each depth pixel (e.g., comprising a particular object) in image representation  808  defines the position in the viewpoint&#39;s z-axis where its corresponding two-dimensional pixel is located, and each pixel is defined by a value (e.g., 0-255, where the “0” value represents pixels that are located at the most distant place in a “three dimensional” scene and the “255” value represents pixels that are located closest to a viewpoint (e.g., camera) in the “three dimensional” scene), then the degree of blurriness/sharpness, the size, the degree of brightness, the degree of saturation, and/or the degree of shape-distortion is dependent upon the distance in the z-axis direction (the value between 0-255). That is, the more distant depth pixels in an object are in the z-direction, the more “blurry” the object will appear in image representation  808 , and closer depth pixels in an object are in the z-direction, the sharper the object will appear in image representation  808 . Meanwhile, if image representation  808  is viewed as a two-dimensional x, y-plane with the focal point (e.g., the nose of subject  820 ) as the center (e.g., the origin) of the plane, the straight-line distance from the (x, y) point of the pixels constituting an object in image representation  808  to the center of the plane affects the degree of shape distortion of the object—the greater the distance of the pixels from the center (the focal point), the greater the degree of shape distortion, and the closer the distance of the pixels from the center, the more minimal the shape distortion. 
     For example, in  FIG.  8 F , the degree of distortion of object  818 B- 1  is greater than the change in the degree of distortion of object  818 B- 2  (e.g., object  818 B- 1  is relatively blurrier, larger, brighter, more saturated, and/or more shape-distorted relative to the focal point than object  818 B- 2 ) because object  818 B- 1  is farther away from the focal point (e.g., the nose of subject  816 ) than object  818 B- 2 . Similarly, in  FIG.  8 F , the degree of distortion of object  818 C- 1  is greater than the degree of distortion of object  818 C- 2  (e.g., object  818 C- 1  becomes relatively “blurrier” and more shape-distorted relative to the focal point than object  818 C- 2 ) because object  818 C- 1  is farther away from the focal point (e.g., the nose of subject  816 ) than object  818 C- 2 . Differences in the degree of distortion based on the distance of an object to the focal point also applies to non-light-emitting objects (e.g., object  820 A and  820 B) and, in some embodiments, to portions of subject  816  not corresponding to the focal point (e.g., the upper body of the subjects, portions of the face and head of the subject surrounding the focal point). 
     Further, the degree of distortion (e.g., the degree of blurriness, difference in size, the degree of brightness, the degree of saturation, and/or the degree of distortion in the shape of the object relative to the focal point) of the objects differs based on the type of the object—whether the object corresponds to a light-emitting object or a non-light-emitting object. The resulting change in distortion is generally greater for light-emitting objects than for non-light-emitting objects for the same adjustment in depth-of-field. 
     In some embodiments, the depth-of-field characteristic of the objects are adjusted continuously as depth adjustment slider  822  is navigated (e.g., from 4.5 in  FIG.  8 E  to 1.6 in  FIG.  8 F ). 
     In  FIG.  8 G , while the f-number is set at 1.6, electronic device  600  detects (e.g., via a touch-sensitive surface of display  602 ) a swipe gesture  805  (e.g., a horizontal swipe gesture, a swipe-left gesture) on depth adjustment slider  822 , thereby causing tickmarks  824  to horizontally slide in the opposite direction relative to the affixed needle  826 . 
     As shown in  FIG.  8 H , swipe gesture  805  causes depth adjustment slider  822  to slide such that a higher f-number (e.g., of 8.7) is set as the current f-number, as indicated by f-number indicator  828  (and, in some embodiments, also by depth effect affordance  810 ). 
     In  FIG.  8 H , electronic device  800  adjusts image representation  808  to reflect the new depth-of-field value. (e.g., of 8.7). Specifically, because of the larger simulated depth-of-field value, light-emitting object  818 A is less distorted (e.g., sharper, closer to an accurate representation of its real form) in  FIG.  8 H  (with f-number 8.7) than in  FIG.  8 F  (with f-number 1.6) and in  FIG.  8 E  (with f-number 4.5). Similarly, because of the larger simulated depth-of-field value, light-emitting objects  818 B is less distorted (e.g., sharper, closer to an accurate representation of its real form) in  FIG.  8 H  (with f-number 8.7) than in  FIG.  8 F  (with f-number 1.6) and in  FIG.  8 E  (with f-number 4.5). Similarly, because of the larger simulated depth-of-field value, light-emitting objects  818 C are less distorted (e.g., sharper, closer to an accurate representation of its real form) in  FIG.  8 H  (with f-number 8.7) than in  FIG.  8 F  (with f-number 1.6) and in  FIG.  8 E  (with f-number 4.5). Similarly, because of the larger simulated depth-of-field value, non-light-emitting object  820 A is less distorted (e.g., sharper, closer to an accurate representation of its real form) in  FIG.  8 H  (with f-number 8.7) than in  FIG.  8 F  (with f-number 1.6) and in  FIG.  8 E  (with f-number 4.5). Similarly, because of the larger simulated depth-of-field value, non-light-emitting object  820 B is less distorted (e.g., sharper, closer to an accurate representation of its real form) in  FIG.  8 H  (with f-number 8.7) than in  FIG.  8 F  (with f-number 1.6) and in  FIG.  8 E  (with f-number 4.5). 
     As already discussed above, the degree of distortion (e.g., the degree of blurriness, the difference in size, the degree of brightness, the degree of saturation, the degree of distortion in the shape of the object relative to the focal point) of the objects differs based on the distance of each object to the focal point of image representation  808  (e.g., the nose of subject  816 ). Thus, for example, in  FIG.  8 H , the degree of distortion of object  818 B- 1  is still greater than the degree of distortion of object  818 B- 2  (e.g., object  818 B- 1  is still relatively blurrier, larger, brighter, more saturated, and/or more shape-distorted relative to the focal point than object  818 B- 2 ) because object  818 B- 1  is farther away from the focal point (e.g., the nose of subject  816 ) than object  818 B- 2 . Similarly, in  FIG.  8 H , the degree of distortion of object  818 C- 1  is still greater than the degree of distortion of object  818 C- 2  (e.g., object  818 C- 1  becomes relatively blurrier, larger, brighter, more saturated, and/or more shape-distorted relative to the focal point than object  818 C- 2 ) because object  818 C- 1  is farther away from the focal point (e.g., the nose of subject  816 ) than object  818 C- 2 . 
       FIGS.  8 I- 8 M  illustrate a plurality of circular objects  830  (which can be light-emitting objects or non-light-emitting objects) arranged in a five-by-five gird-like pattern with the focal point at center object  832 .  FIGS.  8 I- 8 M  also illustrate a depth adjustment slider  834  corresponding to depth adjustment slider  822  described above with reference to  FIGS.  8 A- 8 H .  FIGS.  8 I- 8 M  are provided to further illustrate, in one embodiment, the distortion of objects under different f-number settings, where the degree of distortion differs based on a distance of an object from the focal point. 
     In  FIG.  8 I , as indicated by f-number indicator  836 , the current f-number is set to 4.5 (e.g., the default f-number).  FIG.  8 I  illustrates circular objects  830  adjusted, relative to object  832  as the focal point, with a 4.5 f-number. As shown in  FIG.  8 I , objects that are farther away from the focal point are more distorted (e.g., more blurred, larger, brighter, more saturated, and/or with a more distorted shape) than objects that are on or closer to the focal point. 
     In  FIG.  8 J , as indicated by f-number indicator  836 , the current f-number is set to 2.8.  FIG.  8 J  illustrates circular objects  830  adjusted, relative to object  832  as the focal point, with a 2.8 f-number. Objects  830  in  FIG.  8 J  appear “larger” because, under a smaller f-number, the objects are more blurred, larger, brighter, more saturated, and/or with a more distorted shape than corresponding objects  830  in  FIG.  8 I . As in  FIG.  8 I , in  FIG.  8 J  objects that are farther away from the focal point are more distorted (e.g., more blurred, larger, brighter, more saturated, and/or with a more distorted shape) than objects that are on or closer to the focal point. 
     In  FIG.  8 K , as indicated by f-number indicator  836 , the current f-number is set to 1.0.  FIG.  8 K  illustrates circular objects  830  adjusted, relative to object  832  as the focal point, with a 1.0 f-number. Objects  830  in  FIG.  8 K  appear even “larger” because, under an even smaller f-number, the objects are more blurred, larger, brighter, more saturated, and/or with a more distorted shape than corresponding objects  830  in  FIG.  8 J . As in  FIG.  8 I- 8 J , in  FIG.  8 K  objects that are farther away from the focal point are more distorted (e.g., more blurred, larger, brighter, more saturated, and/or with a more distorted shape) than objects that are on or closer to the focal point. 
     In  FIG.  8 L , as indicated by f-number indicator  836 , the current f-number is set to 7.6.  FIG.  8 L  illustrates circular objects  830  adjusted, relative to object  832  as the focal point, with a 7.6 f-number. Objects  830  in  FIG.  8 K  appear “smaller” than corresponding objects  830  in  FIG.  8 I  because, under a larger f-number, the objects are less blurred, smaller, less bright, less saturated, and/or with a less distorted shape and instead sharper than corresponding objects  830  in  FIG.  8 I . Still, as in  FIG.  8 I- 8 K , in  FIG.  8 L  objects that are farther away from the focal point are more distorted (e.g., more blurred, larger, brighter, more saturated, and/or with a more distorted shape) than objects that are on or closer to the focal point. 
     In  FIG.  8 M , as indicated by f-number indicator  836 , the current f-number is set to 14.  FIG.  8 M  illustrates circular objects  830  adjusted, relative to object  832  as the focal point, with a 14 f-number. Objects  830  in  FIG.  8 M  appear even “smaller” than corresponding objects  830  in  FIG.  8 L  because, under an even larger f-number, the objects are less blurred, smaller, less bright, less saturated, and/or with a less distorted shape and instead sharper than corresponding objects  830  in  FIG.  8 L . As such, objects  830  in  FIG.  8 M  are more of “true” circles than objects  830  in  FIGS.  8 I- 8 L . Still, as in  FIGS.  8 I- 8 L , in  FIG.  8 M  objects that are farther away from the focal point are more distorted (e.g., more blurred, larger, brighter, more saturated, and/or with a more distorted shape) than objects that are on or closer to the focal point. 
       FIGS.  8 N- 8 R  illustrate a plurality of circular objects  838  (which can be light-emitting objects or non-light-emitting objects) arranged in a five-by-five gird-like pattern with the focal point at center object  840  (similar to  FIGS.  8 I- 8 M ).  FIGS.  8 N- 8 R  also illustrate depth adjustment slider  834  corresponding to depth adjustment slider  822  described above with reference to  FIGS.  8 A- 8 H .  FIGS.  8 N- 8 R  are provided to further illustrate, in another embodiment, the distortion of objects under different f-number settings, where the degree of distortion differs based on a distance of an object from the focal point. 
     In  FIG.  8 N , as indicated by f-number indicator  836 , the current f-number is set to 4.5 (e.g., the default f-number).  FIG.  8 N  illustrates circular objects  838  adjusted, relative to object  840  as the focal point, with a 4.5 f-number. As shown in  FIG.  8 N , objects that are farther away from the focal point are more distorted (e.g., more blurred, larger, brighter, more saturated, and/or with a more distorted shape) than objects that are on or closer to the focal point. 
     In  FIG.  8 O , as indicated by f-number indicator  836 , the current f-number is set to 2.8.  FIG.  8 O  illustrates circular objects  838  adjusted, relative to object  834  as the focal point, with a 2.8 f-number. Objects  838  in  FIG.  8 O  appear “larger” because, under a smaller f-number, the objects are more blurred, larger, brighter, more saturated, and/or with a more distorted shape than corresponding objects  838  in  FIG.  8 N . As in  FIG.  8 N , in  FIG.  8 O  objects that are farther away from the focal point are more distorted (e.g., more blurred, larger, brighter, more saturated, and/or with a more distorted shape) than objects that are on or closer to the focal point. 
     In  FIG.  8 P , as indicated by f-number indicator  836 , the current f-number is set to 1.0.  FIG.  8 P  illustrates circular objects  838  adjusted, relative to object  840  as the focal point, with a 1.0 f-number. Objects  838  in  FIG.  8 P  appear even “larger” because, under an even smaller f-number, the objects are more blurred, larger, brighter, more saturated, and/or with a more distorted shape than corresponding objects  838  in  FIG.  8 O . As in  FIG.  8 N- 8 O , in  FIG.  8 P  objects that are farther away from the focal point are more distorted (e.g., more blurred, larger, brighter, more saturated, and/or with a more distorted shape) than objects that are on or closer to the focal point. 
     In  FIG.  8 Q , as indicated by f-number indicator  836 , the current f-number is set to 7.6.  FIG.  8 Q  illustrates circular objects  838  adjusted, relative to object  840  as the focal point, with a 7.6 f-number. Objects  838  in  FIG.  8 Q  appear “smaller” than corresponding objects  838  in  FIG.  8 N  because, under a larger f-number, the objects are less blurred, smaller, less bright, less saturated, and/or with a less distorted shape and instead sharper than corresponding objects  838  in  FIG.  8 N . Still, as in  FIG.  8 N- 8 P , in  FIG.  8 Q  objects that are farther away from the focal point are more distorted (e.g., more blurred, larger, brighter, more saturated, and/or with a more distorted shape) than objects that are on or closer to the focal point. 
     In  FIG.  8 R , as indicated by f-number indicator  836 , the current f-number is set to 14.  FIG.  8 R  illustrates circular objects  838  adjusted, relative to object  840  as the focal point, with a 14 f-number. Objects  838  in  FIG.  8 R  appear even “smaller” than corresponding objects  838  in  FIG.  8 Q  because, under an even larger f-number, the objects are less blurred, smaller, less bright, less saturated, and/or with a less distorted shape and instead sharper than corresponding objects  838  in  FIG.  8 Q . As such, objects  838  in  FIG.  8 R  are more of “true” circles than objects  838  in  FIGS.  8 N- 8 Q . Still, as in  FIGS.  8 N- 8 Q , in  FIG.  8 R  objects that are farther away from the focal point are more distorted (e.g., more blurred, larger, brighter, more saturated, and/or with a more distorted shape) than objects that are on or closer to the focal point. 
       FIGS.  9 A- 9 B  are a flow diagram illustrating a method for managing user interfaces for displaying adjustments to a simulated depth effect, in accordance with some embodiments. Method  900  is performed at a device (e.g.,  100 ,  300 ,  500 ,  600 ) with a display and one or more input devices (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface of the display, a mechanical input device). Some operations in method  900  are, optionally, combined, the orders of some operations are, optionally, changed, and some operations are, optionally, omitted. 
     As described below, method  900  provides an intuitive way for managing user interfaces for simulated depth effects. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user for managing and navigating user interfaces for simulated depth effects, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated computing devices, enabling a user to navigate user interfaces faster and more efficiently by providing easy management of user interfaces for simulating depth effects conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     The electronic device (e.g.,  600 ) receives ( 902 ), via the one or more input devices, a request to apply a simulated depth effect to a representation of image data (e.g.,  808 , a displayed image corresponding to the image data, a portrait image of a person/subject), wherein depth data for a subject within the representation of image data is available. 
     In some embodiments, the representation of image data (e.g.,  808 ) is a live-feed image currently being captured by one or more cameras of the electronic device. In some embodiments, the representation of image data is a previously-taken image stored in and retrieved from memory (of the electronic device or an external server). In some embodiments, the depth data of the image can be adjusted/manipulated to apply a depth effect to the representation of image data. 
     In some embodiments, the image data includes at least two components: an RGB component that encodes the visual characteristics of a captured image, and depth data that encodes information about the relative spacing relationship of elements within the captured image (e.g., the depth data encodes that a user is in the foreground, and background elements, such as a tree positioned behind the user, are in the background). 
     In some embodiments, the depth data is a depth map. In some embodiments, a depth map (e.g., depth map image) contains information (e.g., values) that relates to the distance of objects in a scene from a viewpoint (e.g., a camera). In one embodiment of a depth map, each depth pixel defines the position in the viewpoint&#39;s z-axis where its corresponding two-dimensional pixel is located. In some examples, a depth map is composed of pixels wherein each pixel is defined by a value (e.g., 0-255). For example, the “0” value represents pixels that are located at the most distant place in a “three dimensional” scene and the “255” value represents pixels that are located closest to a viewpoint (e.g., camera) in the “three dimensional” scene. In other examples, a depth map represents the distance between an object in a scene and the plane of the viewpoint. In some embodiments, the depth map includes information about the relative depth of various features of an object of interest in view of the depth camera (e.g., the relative depth of eyes, nose, mouth, ears of a user&#39;s face). In some embodiments, the depth map includes information that enables the device to determine contours of the object of interest in a z direction. In some embodiments, the depth data has a second depth component (e.g., a second portion of depth data that encodes a spatial position of the background in the camera display region; a plurality of depth pixels that form a discrete portion of the depth map, such as a background), separate from the first depth component, the second depth aspect including the representation of the background in the camera display region. In some embodiments, the first depth aspect and second depth aspect are used to determine a spatial relationship between the subject in the camera display region and the background in the camera display region. This spatial relationship can be used to distinguish the subject from the background. This distinction can be exploited to, for example, apply different visual effects (e.g., visual effects having a depth component) to the subject and background. In some embodiments, all areas of the image data that do not correspond to the first depth component (e.g., areas of the image data that are out of range of the depth camera) are adjusted based on different degrees of blurriness/sharpness, the size, the degree of brightness, the degree of saturation, and/or the degree of shape-distortion in order to simulate a depth effect, such as a Bokeh effect. 
     In some embodiments, the request corresponds to an adjustment (e.g., a sliding gesture in a horizontal or vertical direction) of an adjustable slider (e.g.,  822 ) associated with modifying/adjusting the simulated depth effect applied to/being applied to the representation of image data (e.g.,  808 ). Applying a simulated depth effect to a representation of image data using an adjustable slider enhances visual feedback by enabling the user to quickly and easily view adjustments being made by the user. Providing improved visual feedback to the user enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, the simulated depth effect is “simulated” in that the effect is (artificially) generated based on a manipulation of the underlying image data to create and apply the effect to the corresponding representation of image data (e.g.,  808 ) (e.g., as opposed to being a “natural” effect that is based on underlying data as originally captured via one or more cameras). 
     In some embodiments, receiving, via the one or more input devices, the request to apply the simulated depth effect to the representation of image data (e.g.,  808 ) comprises detecting, via the one or more input devices, one or more inputs selecting a value of an image distortion parameter, wherein distorting (a portion of) the representation of image data is based on (and is responsive to) one or more user inputs selecting a value of an image distortion parameter (e.g., via a movement of the adjustable slider for controlling the parameter). In some embodiments, the adjustable slider is adjusted to distort (e.g., apply a simulated depth effect to) the representation of image data, as described above with reference to  FIGS.  6 A- 6 T . Providing an adjustable slider to be used to distort the representation of image data enhances user convenience by enabling the user to easily and efficient make adjustments to the displayed representation of image data. Providing additional control options and reducing the number of inputs needed to perform an operation enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, selecting a different value for the image distortion parameter causes a first change to the first portion of the representation of the image data and causes a second change to the second portion of the representation of the image data, wherein the first change is different from the second change and the first change and the second change both include the same type of change (e.g., an increase or decrease in blurriness, size, brightness, saturation, and/or shape-distortion). 
     In response to receiving ( 904 ) the request to apply the simulated depth effect to the representation of image data (e.g.,  808 ), the electronic device (e.g.,  600 ) displays, on the display (e.g.,  602 ), the representation of image data with the simulated depth effect. Displaying the representation of image data with the simulated depth effect in response to receiving the request to apply the simulated depth effect to the representation of image data enables a user to quickly and easily view and respond to the adjustments being made to the representation of image data. Providing convenient control options and reducing the number of inputs needed to perform an operation enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. 
     Displaying, on the display (e.g.,  602 ), the representation of image data (e.g.,  808 ) with the simulated depth effect includes distorting ( 906 ) a first portion of the representation of image data that has a first depth in a first manner (e.g., a first particular blurriness/sharpness, a first particular size, a first particular brightness, a first particular saturation, and/or a first particular shape), wherein the first manner is determined based on a distance of the first portion from a predefined portion of the representation of image data (e.g., a center of a field of view of a camera or a point of focus of the camera). Enabling a user to adjust a representation of image data to apply an accurate simulated depth effect enhances user convenience/efficiency and operability and versatility of the device by allowing the user create a similar image/photo to what the user would have otherwise only been able to obtain using a larger and/or more expensive piece of hardware (e.g., a professional-level camera). That is, the simulated depth effect (a software effect) enables the user to utilize a device that is relatively smaller and less expensive to apply a depth effect to an image/photo (e.g., as opposed to if the user was using a camera sensor and lens included in/attached to the device that is capable of producing the depth effect via optical distortion). This is turn enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. 
     Displaying, on the display (e.g.,  602 ), the representation of image data (e.g.,  808 ) with the simulated depth effect also includes distorting a second portion of the representation of image data that has the first depth in a second manner (e.g., a second particular blurriness/sharpness, a second particular size, a second particular brightness, a second particular saturation, and/or a second particular shape) that is different from the first manner, wherein the second manner is determined based on a distance of the second portion from the predefined portion of the representation of image data. Enabling a user to adjust a representation of image data to apply an accurate simulated depth effect enhances user convenience/efficiency and operability and versatility of the device by allowing the user create a similar image/photo to what the user would have otherwise only been able to obtain using a larger and/or more expensive piece of hardware (e.g., a professional-level camera). That is, the simulated depth effect (a software effect) enables the user to utilize a device that is relatively smaller and less expensive to apply a depth effect to an image/photo (e.g., as opposed to if the user was using a camera sensor and lens included in/attached to the device that is capable of producing the depth effect via optical distortion). This is turn enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, displaying, on the display (e.g.,  602 ), the representation of image data (e.g.,  808 ) with the simulated depth effect further includes distorting ( 910 ) a third portion of the representation of image data that is a same distance from the predefined portion as the first portion and has a second depth that is different from the first depth in the first manner with a magnitude (e.g., of blurriness/sharpness) determined based on the second depth (e.g., the depth of the third portion). Enabling a user to adjust a representation of image data to apply an accurate simulated depth effect enhances user convenience/efficiency and operability and versatility of the device by allowing the user create a similar image/photo to what the user would have otherwise only been able to obtain using a larger and/or more expensive piece of hardware (e.g., a professional-level camera). That is, the simulated depth effect (a software effect) enables the user to utilize a device that is relatively smaller and less expensive to apply a depth effect to an image/photo (e.g., as opposed to if the user was using a camera sensor and lens included in/attached to the device that is capable of producing the depth effect via optical distortion). This is turn enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, displaying, on the display (e.g.,  602 ), the representation of image data (e.g.,  808 ) with the simulated depth effect further includes distorting ( 912 ) a fourth portion of the representation of image data that is a same distance from the predefined portion as the second portion and has the second depth in the second manner with a magnitude (e.g., of blurriness/sharpness) determined based on the second depth (e.g., the depth of the fourth portion). Enabling a user to adjust a representation of image data to apply an accurate simulated depth effect enhances user convenience/efficiency and operability and versatility of the device by allowing the user create a similar image/photo to what the user would have otherwise only been able to obtain using a larger and/or more expensive piece of hardware (e.g., a professional-level camera). That is, the simulated depth effect (a software effect) enables the user to utilize a device that is relatively smaller and less expensive to apply a depth effect to an image/photo (e.g., as opposed to if the user was using a camera sensor and lens included in/attached to the device that is capable of producing the depth effect via optical distortion). This is turn enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, displaying, on the display (e.g.,  602 ), the representation of image data (e.g.,  808 ) with the simulated depth effect further includes distorting ( 914 ) one or more portions of the representation of image data, that is a same distance from the predefined portion (e.g., a reference point or focus point within the representation of image data) as the first portion and has the first depth, in the first manner. Thus, in some embodiments, portion of the representation of image data that have the same depth and are the same distance away from the predefined portion of the representation of image data are distorted in the same way. Enabling a user to adjust a representation of image data to apply an accurate simulated depth effect enhances user convenience/efficiency and operability and versatility of the device by allowing the user create a similar image/photo to what the user would have otherwise only been able to obtain using a larger and/or more expensive piece of hardware (e.g., a professional-level camera). That is, the simulated depth effect (a software effect) enables the user to utilize a device that is relatively smaller and less expensive to apply a depth effect to an image/photo (e.g., as opposed to if the user was using a camera sensor and lens included in/attached to the device that is capable of producing the depth effect via optical distortion). This is turn enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, distorting the first portion of the representation of image data (e.g.,  808 ) in the first manner comprises distorting the first portion based on (e.g., by applying) a first distortion shape (e.g., a circular shape or a lemon/oval-type shape). In some embodiments, distorting the second portion of the representation of image data in the second manner comprises distorting the second portion based on (e.g., by applying) a second distortion shape (e.g., a more circular shape or a more lemon/oval-type shape) different from the first distortion shape. In some embodiments, if the second portion is at a greater distance (farther) from the predefined portion than the first portion, one or more objects (e.g., light-emitting objects) within the second portion are shape-distorted to a more lemon/oval shape than one or more objects (e.g., light-emitting objects) within the first portion. 
     In some embodiments, distorting the first portion of the representation of image data (e.g.,  808 ) in the first manner comprises distorting the first portion by a first degree of distortion (e.g., a degree of distortion of a shape of one or more objects within the first portion). In some embodiments, distorting the second portion of the representation of image data in the second manner comprises distorting the second portion by second degree of distortion (e.g., a degree of distortion of a shape of one or more objects within the second portion) that is greater than the first degree of distortion, wherein the second portion is at a greater distance (farther) from the predefined portion (e.g., a reference point or focus point within the representation of image data) than the first portion. In some embodiments, objects in the periphery of the representation of image data are distorted to be more lemon/oval in shape, whereas objects closer to the predefined portion (e.g., a center portion, a focus portion) are less distorted. In some embodiments, the degree of distortion changes (e.g., increases or decreases) gradually as the distance from the predefined portion of the changes. 
     In some embodiments, distorting the first portion in the first manner comprises blurring (e.g., asymmetrically blurring/changing the sharpness of) the first portion by a first magnitude. In some embodiments, distorting the first portion in the first manner comprises distorting the second portion in the second manner comprises blurring (e.g., asymmetrically blurring/changing the sharpness of) the second portion by a second magnitude. In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the first portion is a greater distance from the predefined portion than the second distance is from the predefined portion (e.g., a reference point or focus point within the representation of image data), the first magnitude is greater than the second magnitude. In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the second portion is a greater distance from the predefined portion than the first portion is from the predefined portion, the second magnitude is greater than the first magnitude. 
     In some embodiments, prior to receiving the request to apply the simulated depth effect to the representation of image data (e.g.,  808 ), the electronic device (e.g.,  600 ) displays, on the display (e.g.,  602 ), the representation of image data. In some embodiments, while displaying the representation of image data, the electronic device (e.g.,  600 ) detects, using the image data (e.g., via an analysis of the image data and/or based on a user input identifying that the region of the representation of image data includes a subject, such as a tap input in a live preview of camera data), a presence of the subject (e.g., a person, at least a portion of the person, such as the face of a person or a face and upper body of a person) within the representation of image data. 
     In some embodiments, displaying, on the display (e.g.,  602 ), the representation of image data (e.g.,  808 ) with the simulated depth effect further comprises distorting the first portion of the image and the second portion of the image without distorting ( 916 ) a portion of the representation of image data corresponding to (a center portion/region of) the subject. In some embodiments, the portion of the representation of image data corresponding to the subject is distorted less than the first portion of the image and the second portion of the image. 
     In some embodiments, distorting the first portion of the representation of image data includes distorting the first portion in accordance with a determination that the first portion does not correspond to (a center portion/region of) the subject. In some embodiments, distorting the second portion of the representation of image data includes distorting the second portion in accordance with a determination that the second portion does not correspond to (a center portion/region of) the subject. 
     In some embodiments, in response to receiving the request to apply the simulated depth effect to the representation of image data (e.g.,  808 ), the electronic device (e.g.,  600 ) identifies ( 918 ), based on the image data (e.g., via an analysis of the image data), one or more objects within the representation of image data that are associated with light-emitting objects (e.g.,  818 A,  818 B,  818 C,  818 D) (e.g., as opposed to those that are not associated with light-emitting objects). 
     In some embodiments, displaying, on the display (e.g.,  602 ), the representation of image data (e.g.,  808 ) with the simulated depth effect further comprises changing ( 920 ) an appearance of the one or more portions of the representation of image data that are associated with (e.g., are identified as) light-emitting objects (e.g.,  818 A,  818 B,  818 C,  818 D) in a third manner relative to one or more portions of the representation of image data that are not associated with (e.g., are not identified as) light-emitting objects (e.g.,  820 A,  820 B). In some embodiments, the third manner involves blurring/sharpening the objects by a greater magnitude compared to the fourth manner. In some embodiments, the third manner involves distorting the shape of the objects by a greater degree compared to the fourth manner. 
     In some embodiments, changing the appearance of objects in the representation of image data (e.g.,  808 ) that are associated with light-emitting objects (e.g.,  818 A,  818 B,  818 C,  818 D) in the third manner includes one or more of: increasing ( 922 ) a brightness of the one or more portions of the representation of image data that are associated with light-emitting objects relative to other portions of the representation of image data that are not associated with light-emitting objects, increasing ( 924 ) a saturation of the one or more portions of the representation of image data that are associated with light-emitting objects relative to other portions of the representation of image data that are not associated with light-emitting objects, and increasing ( 926 ) a size of the one or more portions of the representation of image data that are associated with light-emitting objects relative to other portions of the representation of image data that are not associated with light-emitting objects (e.g.,  820 A,  820 B). 
     In some embodiments, the electronic device (e.g.,  600 ) detects ( 928 ), via the one or more input devices, one or more inputs changing a value of an image distortion parameter, wherein distorting (a portion of) the representation of image data (e.g.,  808 ) is based on (and is responsive to) one or more user inputs selecting a value of an image distortion parameter (e.g., via a movement of the adjustable slider for controlling the parameter). In some embodiments, the adjustable slider (e.g.,  822 ) is adjusted to distort (e.g., apply a simulated depth effect to) the representation of image data. In some embodiments, providing an adjustable slider to distort the representation of image data enables a user to quickly and easily provide one or more inputs to change a value of an image distortion parameter to distort the representation of image data. Providing additional control options and reducing the number of inputs needed to perform an operation enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. In some embodiments, in response to detecting the one or more inputs (e.g.,  803 ,  805 ) changing the value of the image distortion parameter, changing ( 930 ) the magnitude of change of the appearance of one or more portions of the representation of image data that are associated with light-emitting objects (e.g.,  818 A,  818 B,  818 C,  818 D) relative to other portions of the representation of image data that are not associated with light-emitting objects (e.g.,  820 A,  820 B) (e.g., gradually increasing a brightness, size, and/or saturation of the objects associated with light-emitting sources relative to other portions of the representation of data as the distortion parameter gradually increases (and the blurriness of regions of time image outside of the simulated focal plane gradually increases), and gradually decreasing a brightness, size, and/or saturation of the objects associated with light-emitting sources relative to other portions of the representation of data as the distortion parameter gradually decreases (and the blurriness of regions of time image outside of the simulated focal plane gradually decreases)). 
     Note that details of the processes described above with respect to method  900  (e.g.,  FIGS.  9 A- 9 B  are also applicable in an analogous manner to the methods described above and below. For example, method  700  optionally includes one or more of the characteristics of the various methods described above with reference to method  900 . For example, the depth adjustment slider described in method  700  can be used to apply the simulated depth effect to objects within an image representation. For another example, method  1100  optionally includes one or more of the characteristics of the various methods described above with reference to method  900 . For example, the notification concerning detected interference, as described in method  1100 , can be associated with detected magnetic interference that can impede with one or more depth sensors used for simulating depth effects. For brevity, these details are not repeated below. 
       FIGS.  10 A- 10 F  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for indicating an interference to adjusting simulated image effects (e.g., simulated depth effects, such as a Bokeh effect), in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in  FIG.  11   . 
       FIG.  10 A  illustrates a rear-view of electronic device  600 . In some embodiments, electronic device  600  includes one or more rear-facing cameras  608  and one or more rear depth camera sensors  1002  (e.g., similar to depth camera sensors  175 ). In some embodiments, one or more rear-facing cameras  608  are integrated with one or more rear depth camera sensors  1002 . 
       FIG.  10 B  illustrates a front-view of electronic device  600  with display  602 . In some embodiments, electronic device  600  includes one or more front-facing cameras  606  and one or more front depth camera sensors  1004 . In some embodiments, one or more front-facing cameras  606  are integrated with one or more rear depth camera sensors  1004 . 
     In  FIG.  10 B , electronic device  600  displays, on display  602 , an affordance  1006  for launching the image capture application. Further in  FIG.  10 B , while displaying affordance  1006 , electronic device detects (e.g., via a touch-sensitive surface of display  602 ) an activation  1001  of affordance  1006 . 
     In  FIG.  10 C , in response to detecting activation  1001  of affordance  1006  for launching the image capture application, electronic device  600  displays, on display  602 , a user interface  1008  of the image capture application (e.g., corresponding to user interface  614  and user interface  804 ). Upon (or prior to/in response to) launching the image capture application, electronic device  600  does not detect an interference (e.g., a magnetic interference or other external interference, such as from an accessory of the device) that may impede with or hinder the operation of one or more sensors (e.g., one or more depth sensors  1002  and  1004  of the device) that are used to perform a simulated image effect function of image capture application (e.g., the simulated depth effect descried above with reference to  FIGS.  6 A- 6 T and  8 A- 8 M ). As such, electronic device  600  does not display a notification indicative of the presence of an interference. 
       FIG.  10 D  illustrates a rear-view of electronic device  600 , where the device is at least partially covered by a protective case  1010  (e.g., a smartphone case). Protective case  1010  includes a magnetic component  1012  (e.g., for securing the case and device to a holder, such as a car mount; a magnetic component that is part of an external battery case) detectable by one or more sensors of electronic device  600 . 
       FIG.  10 E  illustrates a front-view of electronic device  600  at least partially covered by protective case  1010 . In  FIG.  10 E , electronic device  600  displays, on display  602 , affordance  1006  for launching the image capture application. Further in  FIG.  10 B , while displaying affordance  1006 , electronic device detects (e.g., via a touch-sensitive surface of display  602 ) an activation  1003  of affordance  1006 . 
     In  FIG.  10 F , in response to detecting activation  1003  of affordance  1006  for launching the image capture application, electronic device  600  displays, on display  602 , user interface  1008  of the image capture application (e.g., corresponding to user interface  614  and user interface  804 ). Upon (or prior to/in response to) launching the image capture application, electronic device  600  detects an interference (e.g., a magnetic interference) from magnetic component  1012  of protective case  1010 . 
     As shown in  FIG.  10 F , in response to detecting the interference, electronic device  600  displays (e.g., over user interface  1008  of the image capture application) a notification  1014  indicating that an interference has been detected and, because of the interference, one or more simulated image effects features (e.g., including the simulated depth effect feature described above with reference to  FIGS.  6 A- 6 T and  8 A- 8 M ) may be affected by the detected interference. In some embodiments, notification  1014  also includes an affordance  1016  for closing the notification and continuing with the use of the simulated image effects features despite the presence of the interference. 
     In some embodiments, electronic device  600  displays notification  1014  after having previously detected the presence of the interference (e.g., from magnetic component  1012  of protective case  1010 ) in a predetermined number of instances (e.g., after having launched the image capture application and detected the interference for 3, 5, or 7 times). Thus, in some embodiments, if there were no previous instances of detection of the interference, electronic device  600  forgoes displaying notification  1014  upon launching the image capture application despite having detected the interference from magnetic component  1012  of protective case  1010 . 
     In some embodiments, if notification  1014  has already previously been presented on the device, electronic device  600  displays a new notification  1014  after detecting the presence of the interference (e.g., from magnetic component  1012  of protective case  1010 ) in a greater number of instances than when notification  1014  was previously displayed. For example, if previous notification  1014  was displayed after having detected the interference upon 3 previous launches of the image capture application, electronic device  600  forgoes displaying new notification  1014  until having detected the interference in 5 previous launches of the image capture application. 
     In some embodiments, if notification  1014  has already been presented on the device a predetermined number of times, electronic device  600  forgoes presenting the notification despite subsequent instances of detection of the interference. 
     In some embodiments, in response to detecting an activation of affordance  1016 , electronic device  600  changes a mode of one or more simulated image effects (e.g., including the simulated depth effect) such that one or more features of an image effect becomes unavailable or stripped down for use. 
       FIG.  11    is a flow diagram illustrating a method for managing user interfaces for indicating an interference to adjusting simulated image effects, in accordance with some embodiments. Method  1100  is performed at a device (e.g.,  100 ,  300 ,  500 ,  600 ) with a display and one or more sensors (e.g., one or more cameras, an interference detector capable of detecting an interference, such as magnetic interference, originating from a source that is external to the electronic device), including one or more cameras. Some operations in method  1100  are, optionally, combined, the orders of some operations are, optionally, changed, and some operations are, optionally, omitted. 
     As described below, method  1100  provides an intuitive way for managing user interfaces for simulated depth effects. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user for managing and navigating user interfaces for simulated depth effects, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated computing devices, enabling a user to navigate user interfaces faster and more efficiently by providing easy management of user interfaces for simulating depth effects conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     While displaying, on the display (e.g.,  602 ), a user interface of a camera application (e.g.,  1008 ), the electronic device (e.g.,  600 ) detects ( 1102 ), via the one or more sensors, external interference (e.g., from  1012 ) that will impair operation of a respective function of the one or more cameras (e.g.,  606 ,  608 ) (e.g., magnetic interference; an interference that affects one or more camera related functions of the electronic device (e.g., one or more depth effect-related functions)) (e.g., from an accessory attached to, affixed to, covering, or placed near the electronic device, such as a protective case of the device or an external attachment on the device). Automatically detecting the external interference that will impair operation of a respective function of the one or more cameras reduces the number of inputs required from the user to control the device by enabling the user to bypass having to manually check whether there are external interferences affecting one or more functionality of the device. Reducing the number of inputs needed to perform an operation enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. Further, automatically detecting the external interference that will impair operation of a respective function of the one or more cameras and notifying the user of the detection provides the user with the option to correct the issue while still allowing the device to continue to operate at a reduced level of operation. This in turn enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, the respective function is ( 1104 ) a focus function of the one or more cameras (e.g.,  606 ,  608 ) of the electronic device (e.g.,  600 ). 
     In some embodiments, the interference is ( 1106 ) magnetic interference (e.g., from  1012 ). 
     In some embodiments, the interference is ( 1108 ) from (e.g., is caused by or is detected because of) an accessory (e.g.,  1010 ) of the electronic device (e.g.,  600 ) (e.g., a protective outer case or cover (e.g., a case or cover that incorporates a battery) for the electronic device, a magnetic sticker or attachment piece affixed to/attached to the electronic device). 
     In some embodiments, detecting the external interference (e.g. from  1012 ) that will impair the operation of the respective function of the one or more cameras (e.g.,  606 ,  608 ) includes detecting the external interference upon displaying a user interface (e.g.,  1008 ) for the camera application (e.g., in response to a user request to display a user interface for the camera application) on the electronic device. In some embodiments, the electronic device (e.g.,  600 ) detects for the external interference that will impair the operation of the respective function of the one or more cameras only when the user interface for the camera application is displayed, and does not detect for the external interference after the user interface for the camera application has been displayed or when the user interface for the camera application is not displayed on the electronic device. Detecting for the external interference only when the user interface for the camera application is displayed, and not detecting for the external interference after the user interface for the camera application has been displayed or when the user interface for the camera application is not displayed reduces power consumption by detecting for the external interference when the functionality that may be affected by the external interference may be used on the device. Reducing power consumption enhances the operability of the device by improving the battery life of the device. 
     In response to detecting ( 1110 ) the interference (e.g., from  1012 ) external to the electronic device (e.g.,  600 ), in accordance with a determination that a first criteria has been satisfied (e.g., including the current occurrence, at least a predetermined number of previous occurrences of the interference has been detected, such as occurrences detected when the camera application was previously launched on the electronic device), the electronic device displays ( 1112 ), on the display (e.g.,  602 ), a notification (e.g.,  1014 ) indicating that an operation mode (e.g., a depth effect mode) of the one or more cameras has been changed to reduce an impact of the external interference on the respective function of the one or more cameras (e.g.,  606 ,  608 ). Displaying a notification indicating that an operation mode (e.g., a depth effect mode) of the one or more cameras has been changed to reduce an impact of the external interference on the respective function of the one or more cameras improves visual feedback by enabling the user to quickly and easily recognize that the device has changed an operation mode (e.g., a depth effect mode) of the one or more cameras to reduce an impact of the external interference. Providing improved visual feedback to the user enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In response to detecting ( 1110 ) the interference external to the electronic device (e.g.,  600 ), in accordance with a determination that the first criteria has not been satisfied (e.g., including the current occurrence, fewer than the predetermined number of previous occurrences of the interference has been detected), the electronic device (e.g.,  600 ) forgoes displaying ( 1120 ), on the display (e.g.,  602 ), the notification (e.g.,  1014 ) indicating that the operation mode (e.g., a depth effect mode) of the one or more cameras (e.g.,  606 ,  608 ) has been changed. Forgoing displaying the notification if fewer than the predetermined number of previous occurrences of the interference has been detected enhances improves device functionality by forgoing providing notifications for one-off events of interference detection (as opposed to persistent interference detection from, for example, an accessory of the device). Forgoing providing unnecessary notifications enhances user convenience and the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, the first criteria includes ( 1114 ) a requirement that is met when a first predetermined amount (e.g., 5, 7, 11) of (discrete instances of) occurrences of detecting the external interference (e.g., from  1012 ) by the electronic device (e.g.,  600 ). Thus, in some embodiments, the predetermined number of discrete detections of the external interface is required to trigger display of the notification. In some embodiments, a discrete occurrence of detection of the external interference occurs when the user attempts to use the camera application in a manner that would make use of the respective function of the one or more cameras and the device checks for external interference to determine whether the device is able to use the respective function of the one or more cameras and determines that the external interference is present. In some embodiments, the device checks for the external interference at predetermined intervals (e.g., once per hour, once per day, the first time each day that the camera application is used). 
     In some embodiments, the first predetermined number is ( 1116 ) dependent on (e.g., changes based on) the number of times the notification (e.g.,  1014 ) has previously been displayed on the electronic device (e.g.,  600 ). In some embodiments, the first predetermined number of detections of the external interface required to trigger the notification progressively increases based on the number of notifications that have already been displayed by the electronic device. For example, if a particular number (e.g., 3) of discrete detections of the external interference is required to trigger display of the first notification, a larger number (e.g., 5) of discrete detections of the external interference is required to trigger display of the second notification, and a yet greater number (e.g., 7 of discrete detections of the external interference is required to trigger display of the third notification. Progressively increasing the first predetermined number of detections of the external interface required to trigger the notification enhances user convenience by forgoing displaying the notification too frequently even when the user may already be aware of the interference (based on the previous notification) but is choosing to ignore the interference. Enhancing user convenience enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. 
     In some embodiments, displaying, on the display (e.g.,  602 ), the notification (e.g.,  1014 ) includes displaying the notification in accordance with a determination that less than a second predetermined number of the notifications has previously been displayed on the electronic device (e.g.,  600 ). In some embodiments, if at least the second predetermined number of notifications has previously been displayed on the electronic device, the electronic device forgoes displaying the notification (regardless of whether the first criteria has been satisfied). 
     In some embodiments, the change ( 1118 ) to the operation mode of the one or more cameras to reduce the impact of the external interference (e.g., from  1012 ) on the respective function of the one or more cameras (e.g.,  606 ,  608 ) includes reducing (or lower, diminishing) the responsiveness of one or more functions (e.g., simulated depth effect-related functions, optical image stabilization, autofocus, and/or operations that require precise movements of mechanical components that can be adversely affected by the presence of strong magnetic fields in the proximity of the mechanical components) of the one or more cameras (or disabling one or more of the functions altogether), wherein the one or more functions correspond to functions that cannot be reliably executed by the one or more cameras while the external interference is being detected by the electronic device. 
     Note that details of the processes described above with respect to method  1100  (e.g.,  FIG.  11   ) are also applicable in an analogous manner to the methods described above and below. For example, method  700  optionally includes one or more of the characteristics of the various methods described above with reference to method  1100 . For example, adjusting a simulated depth effect using a depth adjustment slider, as described in method  700 , can be affected by magnetic interference, which can impede with one or more depth sensors used for simulating depth effects. For another example, method  900  optionally includes one or more of the characteristics of the various methods described above with reference to method  1100 . For example, applying a simulated depth effect to objects within an image representation, as described in method  900 , can be affected by magnetic interference, which can impede with one or more depth sensors used for simulating depth effects. For brevity, these details are not repeated below. 
     The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the techniques and their practical applications. Others skilled in the art are thereby enabled to best utilize the techniques and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. 
     Although the disclosure and examples have been fully described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be noted that various changes and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications are to be understood as being included within the scope of the disclosure and examples as defined by the claims. 
     As described above, one aspect of the present technology is the gathering and use of data available from various sources to improve the functionality and versatility of simulated image effect features that can be applied to live feed and/or stored photos and images. The present disclosure contemplates that in some instances, this gathered data may include personal information data that uniquely identifies or can be used to contact or locate a specific person. Such personal information data can include demographic data, location-based data, telephone numbers, email addresses, twitter IDs, home addresses, data or records relating to a user&#39;s health or level of fitness (e.g., vital signs measurements, medication information, exercise information), date of birth, or any other identifying or personal information. 
     The present disclosure recognizes that the use of such personal information data, in the present technology, can be used to the benefit of users. For example, the personal information data can be used to recognize a person or subject within a captured image or photo. Accordingly, use of such personal information data enables users to more easily recognize the content of a captured image or photo and to organize such captures images or photos. Further, other uses for personal information data that benefit the user are also contemplated by the present disclosure. For instance, health and fitness data may be used to provide insights into a user&#39;s general wellness, or may be used as positive feedback to individuals using technology to pursue wellness goals. 
     The present disclosure contemplates that the entities responsible for the collection, analysis, disclosure, transfer, storage, or other use of such personal information data will comply with well-established privacy policies and/or privacy practices. In particular, such entities should implement and consistently use privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining personal information data private and secure. Such policies should be easily accessible by users, and should be updated as the collection and/or use of data changes. Personal information from users should be collected for legitimate and reasonable uses of the entity and not shared or sold outside of those legitimate uses. Further, such collection/sharing should occur after receiving the informed consent of the users. Additionally, such entities should consider taking any needed steps for safeguarding and securing access to such personal information data and ensuring that others with access to the personal information data adhere to their privacy policies and procedures. Further, such entities can subject themselves to evaluation by third parties to certify their adherence to widely accepted privacy policies and practices. In addition, policies and practices should be adapted for the particular types of personal information data being collected and/or accessed and adapted to applicable laws and standards, including jurisdiction-specific considerations. For instance, in the US, collection of or access to certain health data may be governed by federal and/or state laws, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA); whereas health data in other countries may be subject to other regulations and policies and should be handled accordingly. Hence different privacy practices should be maintained for different personal data types in each country. 
     Despite the foregoing, the present disclosure also contemplates embodiments in which users selectively block the use of, or access to, personal information data. That is, the present disclosure contemplates that hardware and/or software elements can be provided to prevent or block access to such personal information data. For example, in the case of detection and recognition of a person or subject within an image or photo, the present technology can be configured to allow users to select to “opt in” or “opt out” of participation in the collection of personal information data during registration for services or anytime thereafter. In addition to providing “opt in” and “opt out” options, the present disclosure contemplates providing notifications relating to the access or use of personal information. For instance, a user may be notified upon downloading an app that their personal information data will be accessed and then reminded again just before personal information data is accessed by the app. 
     Moreover, it is the intent of the present disclosure that personal information data should be managed and handled in a way to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use. Risk can be minimized by limiting the collection of data and deleting data once it is no longer needed. In addition, and when applicable, including in certain health related applications, data de-identification can be used to protect a user&#39;s privacy. De-identification may be facilitated, when appropriate, by removing specific identifiers (e.g., date of birth, etc.), controlling the amount or specificity of data stored (e.g., collecting location data a city level rather than at an address level), controlling how data is stored (e.g., aggregating data across users), and/or other methods. 
     Therefore, although the present disclosure broadly covers use of personal information data to implement one or more various disclosed embodiments, the present disclosure also contemplates that the various embodiments can also be implemented without the need for accessing such personal information data. That is, the various embodiments of the present technology are not rendered inoperable due to the lack of all or a portion of such personal information data. For example, images or photos can be organized based on non-personal information data or a bare minimum amount of personal information or publicly available information, such as the date and time associated with the image or photo.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20220622
Publication Date: 20241126
Grant Date: 20241126
Priority Date: 20180911
Inventors: MANZARI, JOHNNIE B.
DYE, ALAN C.
SEELY, Richard David
SOUZA DOS SANTOS, ANDRE
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G06F3/04815", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06T7/50", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04847", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N23/632", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N23/667", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N23/634", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N23/64", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N5/2226", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06T11/60", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04845", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N23/632", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N23/631", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N23/667", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N23/634", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N23/64", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N5/2226", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06T11/60", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04847", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06T5/00", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F9/4418", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0416", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0414", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06T15/10", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04847", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04845", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0484", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06T7/50", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04847", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04815", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06T15/10", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 69719917