PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-9818272-B2
Application Number: US-201615252829-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Electronic device including sound level based driving of haptic actuator and related methods

Abstract:
An electronic device may include a device housing, a haptic actuator carried by the device housing, and an audio input transducer carried by the device housing. The electronic device may also include a controller coupled to the audio input transducer and the haptic actuator. The controller may be capable of determining a sound level of the haptic actuator, attempting to drive the haptic actuator to operate within a desired sound level range, and when unable to drive the haptic actuator within the desired sound level range, then generating a warning indication.

Claims:
That which is claimed is: 
     
       1. An electronic device comprising:
 a device housing; 
 a haptic actuator carried by the device housing; 
 an audio input transducer carried by the device housing; and 
 a controller coupled to the audio input transducer and the haptic actuator and configured to
 determine a sound level of the haptic actuator, 
 drive the haptic actuator to operate within a desired sound level range based upon the determined sound level, and 
 when unable to drive the haptic actuator within the desired sound level range, then generate a warning indication. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The electronic device of  claim 1  wherein the warning indication is indicative of haptic actuator failure. 
     
     
       3. The electronic device of  claim 1  wherein the warning indication comprises at least one of a visual and audible notification. 
     
     
       4. The electronic device of  claim 1  further comprising wireless communications circuitry carried by the device housing, and wherein the controller is configured to communicate, via the wireless communications circuitry, the warning indication. 
     
     
       5. The electronic device of  claim 1  further comprising an audio output transducer carried by the device housing, and wherein the controller is configured to cooperate with the audio output transducer to generate an offsetting sound at an offsetting sound level. 
     
     
       6. The electronic device of  claim 1  wherein the audio input transducer is positioned within the device housing facing the haptic actuator. 
     
     
       7. The electronic device of  claim 1  wherein the haptic actuator comprises:
 a haptic housing; 
 a field member movable within the haptic housing; 
 at least one magnet; and 
 at least one coil cooperating with the at least one magnet to move the field member within the haptic housing. 
 
     
     
       8. A method of operating an electronic device comprising a device housing, a haptic actuator carried by the device housing, an audio input transducer carried by the device housing, and a controller coupled to the audio input transducer and the haptic actuator, the method comprising:
 using the controller for
 determining a sound level of the haptic actuator using the audio input transducer, 
 driving the haptic actuator to operate within a desired sound level range based upon the determined sound level, and 
 when unable to drive the haptic actuator within the desired sound level range, then generating a warning indication. 
 
 
     
     
       9. The method of  claim 8  wherein the warning indication is indicative of haptic actuator failure. 
     
     
       10. The method of  claim 8  wherein the warning indication comprises at least one of a visual and audible notification. 
     
     
       11. The method of  claim 8  wherein the electronic device further comprises wireless communications circuitry carried by the device housing, and wherein the controller is used for communicating, via the wireless communications circuitry, the warning indication. 
     
     
       12. The method of  claim 8  wherein the electronic device further comprises an audio output transducer carried by the device housing, and wherein the controller is used for cooperating with the audio output transducer to generate an offsetting sound at an offsetting sound level. 
     
     
       13. An electronic device comprising:
 a device housing; 
 a haptic actuator carried by the device housing; 
 an accelerometer carried by the device housing; and 
 a controller coupled to the accelerometer and the haptic actuator and configured to
 determine an acceleration of the haptic actuator, 
 drive the haptic actuator to operate within a sound level range based upon the determined acceleration, and 
 when unable to drive the haptic actuator within the desired sound level range, then generate a warning indication. 
 
 
     
     
       14. The electronic device of  claim 13  wherein the warning indication is indicative of haptic actuator failure. 
     
     
       15. The electronic device of  claim 13  wherein the warning indication comprises at least one of a visual and audible notification. 
     
     
       16. The electronic device of  claim 13  further comprising wireless communications circuitry carried by the device housing, and wherein the controller is capable of communicating, via the wireless communications circuitry, the warning indication. 
     
     
       17. The electronic device of  claim 13  further comprising an audio output transducer carried by the device housing, and wherein the controller is configured to cooperate with the audio output transducer to generate an offsetting sound at an offsetting sound level. 
     
     
       18. The electronic device of  claim 13  wherein the accelerometer is adjacent the haptic actuator. 
     
     
       19. The electronic device of  claim 13  wherein the haptic actuator comprises:
 a haptic housing; 
 a field member movable within the haptic housing; 
 at least one magnet; and 
 at least one coil cooperating with the at least one magnet to move the field member within the haptic housing. 
 
     
     
       20. A method of operating an electronic device comprising a device housing, a haptic actuator carried by the device housing, an accelerometer carried by the device housing, and a controller coupled to the accelerometer and the haptic actuator, the method comprising:
 using the controller for
 determining an acceleration of the haptic actuator using the accelerometer, 
 driving the haptic actuator to operate within a desired sound level range based upon the determined acceleration, and 
 when unable to drive the haptic actuator within the desired sound level range, then generating a warning indication. 
 
 
     
     
       21. The method of  claim 20  wherein the warning indication is indicative of haptic actuator failure. 
     
     
       22. The method of  claim 20  wherein the warning indication comprises at least one of a visual and audible notification. 
     
     
       23. The method of  claim 20  wherein the electronic device further comprises wireless communications circuitry carried by the device housing, and wherein the controller is used to communicate, via the wireless communications circuitry, the warning indication. 
     
     
       24. The method of  claim 20  wherein the electronic device further comprises an audio output transducer carried by the device housing, and wherein the controller is used to cooperate with the audio output transducer to generate an offsetting sound at an offsetting sound level. 
     
     
       25. The method of  claim 20  wherein the audio input transducer is positioned within the device housing facing the haptic actuator.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application claims the priority benefit of provisional application Ser. No. 62/317,850 filed on Apr. 4, 2016, the entire contents of which are herein incorporated in their entirety by reference. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates to the field of electronics, and, more particularly, to the field of haptics. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Haptic technology is becoming a more popular way of conveying information to a user. Haptic technology, which may simply be referred to as haptics, is a tactile feedback based technology that stimulates a user&#39;s sense of touch by imparting relative amounts of force to the user. 
     A haptic device or haptic actuator is an example of a device that provides the tactile feedback to the user. In particular, the haptic device or actuator may apply relative amounts of force to a user through actuation of a mass that is part of the haptic device. Through various forms of tactile feedback, for example, generated relatively long and short bursts of force or vibrations, information may be conveyed to the user. 
     SUMMARY 
     An electronic device may include a device housing, a haptic actuator carried by the device housing, and an audio input transducer carried by the device housing. The electronic device may also include a controller coupled to the audio input transducer and the haptic actuator. The controller may be capable of determining a sound level of the haptic actuator, attempting to drive the haptic actuator to operate within a desired sound level range, and when unable to drive the haptic actuator within the desired sound level range, then generating a warning indication. Accordingly, the drive signal may be changed, e.g., the amplitude, so that the sound level of the haptic actuator may be reduced. 
     The warning indication may be indicative of haptic actuator failure, for example. The warning indication may include at least one of a visual and audible notification. 
     The electronic device may further include wireless communications circuitry carried by the device housing. The controller may be capable of communicating, via the wireless communications circuitry, the warning indication, for example. 
     The electronic device may also include an audio output transducer carried by the device housing. The controller may be capable of cooperating with the audio output transducer to generate an offsetting sound at an offsetting sound level, for example. 
     The audio input transducer may be positioned within the device housing facing the haptic actuator. The haptic actuator may include a haptic housing, a field member movable within the haptic housing, and at least one magnet. The haptic actuator may also include at least one coil cooperating with the at least one magnet to move the field member within the haptic housing. 
     A method aspect is directed to a method of operating an electronic device that includes a device housing, a haptic actuator carried by the device housing, an audio input transducer carried by the device housing, and a controller coupled to the audio input transducer and the haptic actuator. The method may include using the controller for determining a sound level of the haptic actuator, and attempting to drive the haptic actuator to operate within a desired sound level range. The method may also include using the controller for, when unable to drive the haptic actuator within the desired sound level range, then generating a warning indication. 
     Another device aspect is directed to an electronic device that may include a device housing, a haptic actuator carried by the device housing, and an accelerometer carried by the device housing. The electronic device may also include a controller coupled to the accelerometer and the haptic actuator and capable of determining an acceleration of the haptic actuator and attempting to drive the haptic actuator to operate within a desired sound level range based upon the determined acceleration. The controller may also be capable of, when unable to drive the haptic actuator within the desired sound level range, then generating a warning indication. 
     A related method aspect is directed to a method of operating an electronic device that includes a device housing, a haptic actuator carried by the device housing, an accelerometer carried by the device housing, and a controller coupled to the accelerometer and the haptic actuator. The method may include using the controller for determining an acceleration of the haptic actuator, attempting to drive the haptic actuator to operate within a desired sound level range based upon the determined acceleration, and when unable to drive the haptic actuator within the desired sound level range, then generating a warning indication. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of an electronic device including a haptic actuator according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic block diagram of the electronic device of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3  is a more detailed schematic diagram of the haptic actuator of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 4  is a flowchart illustrating operation of the electronic device of  FIG. 2 . 
         FIG. 5  is a schematic block diagram of an electronic device according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 6  is a more detailed schematic diagram of the haptic actuator of  FIG. 5 . 
         FIG. 7  is a flowchart illustrating operation of the electronic device of  FIG. 5 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which preferred embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout, and prime notation is used to indicate similar elements in alternative embodiments. 
     Referring initially to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , an electronic device  20  illustratively includes a device housing  21  and a controller  22  carried by the device housing. The electronic device  20  is illustratively a mobile wireless communications device, for example, a mobile telephone. The electronic device  20  may be another type of electronic device, for example, a wearable wireless communications device, and includes a band or strap for securing it to a user, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, etc. 
     Wireless communications circuitry  25  (e.g. cellular, WLAN Bluetooth, etc.) is also carried within the device housing  21  and coupled to the controller  22 . The wireless communications circuitry  25  cooperates with the controller  22  to perform at least one wireless communications function, for example, for voice and/or data. In some embodiments, the electronic device  20  may not include wireless communications circuitry  25 . 
     A display  23  is also carried by the device housing  21  and is coupled to the controller  22 . The display  23  may be a light emitting diode (LED) display, for example, or may be another type of display, for example, a liquid crystal display (LCD) as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. 
     A finger-operated user input device  24  illustratively in the form of a pushbutton switch is also carried by the device housing  21  and is coupled to the controller  22 . The pushbutton switch  24  cooperates with the controller  22  to perform a device function in response to operation thereof. For example, a device function may include a powering on or off of the electronic device  20 , initiating communication via the wireless communications circuitry  25 , and/or performing a menu function. 
     An audio input transducer  26  is also illustratively carried by the device housing  21 . The audio input transducer  26 , i.e. microphone, is coupled to the controller  22 . An audio output transducer  27  or speaker may also be carried by the device housing  21  and be coupled to the controller  22 . 
     Referring now additionally to  FIG. 3 , the electronic device  20  illustratively includes a haptic actuator  40 . The haptic actuator  40  is coupled to the controller  22  and determines user indications and operates the haptic actuator by way of applying power, current, or a voltage to a coil  44  to move a field member  50  based upon the user indication. More particularly, the haptic actuator  40  cooperates with the controller  22  to provide haptic feedback to the user. The haptic feedback may be in the form of relatively long and short vibrations or “taps”, particularly, for example, when the electronic device  20  is in the form of a wearable device and the user is wearing the electronic device. The vibrations may be indicative of a message received, and the duration of the vibration may be indicative of the type of message received. Of course, the vibrations may be indicative of or convey other types of information. 
     While a controller  22  is described, it should be understood that the controller  22  may include one or more of a processor and other circuitry to perform the functions described herein, and some or all of the circuitry may be carried by an actuator housing and/or by the device housing  21 . 
     Further details of the haptic actuator  40  are now described. The haptic actuator  40  includes an actuator housing  41 . The coil  44  is carried by the actuator housing  41 . Of course, there may be more than one coil carried by the housing  41 . 
     The field member  50  is movable within the housing  41  responsive to the coil  44 . The movement of the field member  50  creates the haptic feedback, or tapping, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. While the movement of the field member  50  may be described as being moveable in one direction, i.e., a linear haptic actuator, it should be understood that in some embodiments, the field member may be movable in other directions, i.e., an angular haptic actuator, or may be a combination of both a linear and an angular haptic actuator. 
     The field member  50  may include one or more masses  51  and may be shaped for a particular application or operation. The field member  50  may also include one or more permanent magnets  52 , i.e. magnetic bodies, cooperating with the coil  44  to provide movement of the field member  50 . The field member  50  has a shaft receiving passageway  57  therein. 
     The haptic actuator  40  also includes biasing members  54   a ,  54   b  between the actuator housing  41  and the field member  50 . The biasing members  54   a ,  54   b  are illustratively in the form of springs for maintaining the field member suspended in the housing  41 . The springs  54   a ,  54   b  may be mechanical springs, such as, for example, coil springs, leaf springs, and flexures. The springs  54   a ,  54   b  may also or additionally be magnetic springs that, through interaction with the permanent magnets and/or ferritic parts of the actuator housing  41 , if any, store and amplify the energy in the form of elastic/magnetic energy. 
     Additionally, the haptic actuator  40  includes a pair of bearings within the shaft receiving passageway  57 . A shaft  56  extends through the bearings  55   a ,  55   b  and is coupled to the actuator housing  41  to permit reciprocal movement of the field member  50  along the shaft and within the housing responsive to the coil  44 . Other and/or additional components, such as shafts, linear/angular bearings, sliding bearings, flexures, multi-bar linkage mechanisms, and springs, may enable motion of the field member  50  in the desired direction (e.g. X axis in a linear actuator or around a certain axis in an angular actuator) while constraining motion in other degrees of freedom. 
     The haptic actuator  40  also includes mechanical limit stops  45   a ,  45   b  between the housing  41  and the field member  50 . The mechanical limit stops  45   a ,  45   b  limit the movement of the field member to a desired range and/or stop the field member from crashing or banging into the housing  41 . While mechanical stops  45   a ,  45   b  are described, it will be appreciated that the mechanical stops may be part of or a portion of the housing  41 . 
     Typically, circuitry, for example, the controller  22 , generates a sinusoidal drive waveform that drives the field member to move from an initial at-rest position. Driving of the haptic actuator  40  generates sound, for example, acoustic noise. The amount of sound generated by driving the haptic actuator  40  or movement of the field member  50  may be dependent on the orientation of the electronic device  20 , how the user is holding the electronic device, and/or whether the electronic device is in a pocket, bag, etc. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, too much sound generated by the haptic actuator  40  may be undesirable to the user. 
     More particularly, the controller  22  may use factory-calibrated waveforms to drive the haptic actuator  40 . Over time, for example, as a result of normal wear and/or accidental events such as dropping, may cause electrical and/or mechanical properties of the haptic actuator  40  (e.g., Q-factor) to change such that the factory-calibrated waveform may be no longer “fit”. Over or under-driving of the haptic actuator  40  may thus occur, which may lead to an increased number of failures. For example, when the Q-factor increases due to internal bearing wear/damage, vibration system damping reduces, and the pre-defined control or drive signal overdrives the haptic actuator  40  resulting in unwanted sounds or noises and/or collision of the field member  50  with the mechanical stops  45   a ,  45   b.    
     Referring now additionally to the flowchart  60  in  FIG. 4 , beginning at Block  62 , to address increased sound levels that may occur over time, the controller  22  determines a sound level of the haptic actuator  40  (Block  64 ). The sound level may be determined based upon the audio input transducer  26 . To more accurately measure the sound level, the audio input transducer  26  may be positioned within the device housing  21  adjacent the haptic actuator  40 , and more particularly, directionally facing the haptic actuator. Thus, sound, primarily from within the device housing  21  is measured, and not necessarily ambient sounds from outside the device housing. The audio input transducer  26  may cooperate with the controller  22  to perform other functions, for example, user voice-based functions. In some embodiments, for increased space savings within the device housing  21 , the haptic actuator  40  and the audio input transducer  26  may be coupled to the controller  22  via a flexible connector. Of course, the haptic actuator  40  and the audio input transducer  26  may be coupled to the controller  22  in a different configuration. 
     The controller  22 , based upon the determined sound level, or quality, of the haptic actuator  40  (e.g., when the determined sound level exceeds a threshold or is outside a desired sound level range) (Block  66 ), attempts to drive the haptic actuator  40  to operate within a desired sound level range or sound quality range (Block  68 ). The desired sound level or sound quality range may be determined, for example, directly or indirectly, by a manufacturer of the electronic device  20 , user of the electronic device, and/or software or applications installed and/or executed on the electronic device. The controller  22  may attempt to drive the haptic actuator  40  by changing the voltage, current, frequency, and/or characteristics of the generated drive waveform, for example. The process continues until the haptic actuator  40  operates within the desired sound level or quality or until the controller  22  determines that it is unable to drive the haptic actuator to within the desired sound level range. 
     When, at Block  70 , the controller  22  is unable to drive the haptic actuator  40  within the desired sound level range, the controller generates a warning indication (Block  72 ) which may be indicative of haptic actuator failure. The controller  22  may be unable to drive the haptic actuator  40  to within the desired sound level range, for example, after a threshold time period and/or a threshold number of attempts to drive the haptic actuator to operate within the desired sound level range. Other and/or additional factors may be used by the controller  22  to make the determination of when the haptic actuator  40  is unable to be driven to operate within the desired sound level range. In some embodiments, the controller  22  may discontinue attempting to drive the haptic actuator to operate within the desired sound level range when the controller determines that it is unable to drive the haptic actuator within the desired sound level range. 
     The controller  22  may generate the warning indication as either or both of an audible indication via the audio output transducer  27  and a visual indication via the display  23 . In some embodiments, the controller  22  may cooperate with the wireless communications circuitry  25  to wirelessly send the warning indication to a remote location, for example, to a repair facility. The controller  22  may also store in a memory  28  coupled to the controller historical sound level information including the haptic actuator  40  sound levels, the number of attempts to drive to haptic actuator. Other information may be stored in the memory  28 , and/or the controller  22  may wirelessly send this historical information along with the warning notification. 
     In an attempt to further compensate for the haptic actuator  40  generating a sound level that may be outside the desired sound level range, the controller  22  may generate, via the audio output transducer  27 , an offsetting sound level that may be opposite of or out of phase with the sound level of the haptic actuator. In other words, the offsetting sound generated by the audio output transducer  27  may have a cancelling effect with respect to the sound level generated by the haptic actuator  40 . The method ends at Block  74 . 
     Referring now additionally to  FIGS. 5 and 6 , and the flowchart  60 ′ in  FIG. 7 , beginning at Block  62 ′, in another embodiment, the electronic device  20 ′ includes an accelerometer  29 ′ carried by the device housing  21 ′ adjacent the haptic actuator  40 ′. The accelerometer  29 ′ is coupled the controller  22 ′. Similar to the audio input transducer embodiment described above, to address increased sound levels that may occur over time, the controller  22 ′ determines an acceleration of the haptic actuator  40 ′ (Block  64 ′). The acceleration is determined based upon the accelerometer  29 ′, and a given acceleration may correspond to a given sound level of the haptic actuator  40 ′. The given acceleration may also correspond to a given force and/or momentum of the haptic actuator  40 ′. To more accurately measure the acceleration, the accelerometer  29 ′ may be positioned within the device housing  21 ′ adjacent the haptic actuator  40 ′ or in contact with the haptic actuator. 
     The controller  22 ′, based upon the determined acceleration of the haptic actuator  40 ′ (e.g., when the determined acceleration exceeds a threshold corresponding to a desired sound level range or momentum) (Block  66 ′), attempts to drive the haptic actuator  40 ′ to operate within a desired sound level range or momentum (Block  68 ′). The desired sound level range may be determined, for example, directly or indirectly, upon a manufacturer of the electronic device, user of the electronic device, and/or software or applications installed and/or executed on the electronic device. The controller  22 ′ may attempt to drive the haptic actuator  40 ′ by changing the voltage, current, frequency, and/or characteristics of the generated drive waveform, for example. The process continues until the haptic actuator  40 ′ operates within the desired sound level or until the controller  22 ′ determines that it is unable to drive the haptic actuator within the desired sound level range. 
     When, at Block  70 ′, the controller  22 ′ is unable to drive the haptic actuator  40 ′ within the desired sound level range, the controller generates a warning indication (Block  72 ′) which may be indicative of haptic actuator failure. The controller  22 ′ may be unable to drive the haptic actuator  40 ′ within the desired sound level range, for example, after a threshold time period and/or a threshold number of attempts to drive the haptic actuator to operate within the desired sound level range. Other and/or additional factors may be used by the controller  22 ′ to make the determination of when the haptic actuator  40 ′ is unable to be driven to operate within the desired sound level range. In some embodiments, the controller  22 ′ may discontinue attempting to drive the haptic actuator to operate within the desired sound level range when the controller determines that it is unable to drive the haptic actuator within the desired sound level range. 
     The controller  22 ′ may generate the warning indication as either or both of an audible indication via the audio output transducer  27 ′ and a visual indication via the display  23 ′. In some embodiments, the controller  22 ′ may cooperate with the wireless communications circuitry  25 ′ to wirelessly send the warning indication to a remote location, for example, to a repair facility. The controller  22 ′ may also store in a memory  28 ′ coupled to the controller historical sound level information including the haptic actuator sound levels, the number of attempts to drive to haptic actuator  40 ′. Other information may be stored in the memory  28 ′, and/or the controller  22 ′ may wirelessly send this historical information along with the warning notification. 
     In an attempt to further compensate for the haptic actuator  40 ′ generating a sound level that may be outside the desired sound level range, the controller  22 ′ may generate, via the audio output transducer  27 ′, an offsetting sound level that may be opposite of or out of phase with the sound level of the haptic actuator. In other words, the offsetting sound generated by the audio output transducer  27 ′ may have a cancelling effect with respect to the sound level generated by the haptic actuator  40 ′. The method ends at Block  74 ′. 
     It should be understood that while two embodiments have been described herein, particularly with respect to determining a sound level of the haptic actuator  40  and an acceleration of the haptic actuator, both a sound level and an acceleration may be determined by the controller  22  via an audio input transducer  26  and an accelerometer  29 ′, respectively. Thus, the controller  22  may attempt to drive the haptic actuator  40  to operate within the desired sound range based upon the determined sound level and determined acceleration. The accelerometer  29 ′ may also be used for determining an orientation of the device housing. The determined orientation may also be used as a basis for attempting to drive the haptic actuator  40  to be within the desired sound level range. Moreover, additional devices or sensors, for example, a Hall effect sensor and/or proximity sensor, may be coupled to the controller  22  and used to determine positional changes which may correspond to sound levels of the haptic actuator  40 . 
     Moreover, the controller  22  may cooperate with more than one audio input transducer  26  to determine the sound level. The electronic device  20  may include more than one haptic actuator  40  for which the controller  22  determines a sound level and for which the controller attempts to drive to operate within a desired sound level range. 
     In other embodiments, the haptic actuator  40  may include a permanent magnet  52  carried by the actuator housing  41 , and the field member  50  may include one or more coils  44  that cooperate with the permanent magnet. In other words, in contrast to the embodiments described above, the permanent magnet may be stationary (i.e., carried by the actuator housing  41 ) and the coils  44 , as part of the field member  50  are moving (i.e., connected to the mass). Of course, there may be any number of coils and/or permanent magnets. 
     Many modifications and other embodiments of the invention will come to the mind of one skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is understood that the invention is not to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed, and that modifications and embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20160831
Publication Date: 20171114
Grant Date: 20171114
Priority Date: 20160404
Inventors: WANG XUEFENG
LEE SUNGCHANG
WU WEI GUANG
SONG YUANYUAN
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H04M1/026", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W88/02", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G08B6/00", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G08B6/00", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W88/02", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04M1/026", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 59959533