PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-9363005-B2
Application Number: US-94100810-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Adaptive antenna diversity system

Abstract:
Electronic devices may be provided that contain wireless communications circuitry. The wireless communications circuitry may include radio-frequency transceiver circuitry with first and second ports that are coupled by switching circuitry to first and second antennas. A first receiver in the transceiver circuitry may be associated with the first port and a second receiver in the transceiver circuitry may be associated with the second port. An electronic device may be operated in a single receiver mode in which only one of the receivers is active to conserve power or a dual receiver mode in which signals from both antennas may be received in parallel to compare antenna performance. Based on antenna performance metrics, the electronic device may adjust the switching circuitry to ensure that an optimal antenna is being used.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An electronic device, comprising:
 first and second cellular telephone antennas; 
 radio-frequency transceiver circuitry that transmits and receives radio-frequency signals through the cellular telephone antennas, wherein the radio-frequency transceiver circuitry has a first receiver that is associated with a first transceiver port and a second receiver that is associated with a second transceiver port; and 
 switching circuitry interposed between the radio-frequency transceiver circuitry and the first and second cellular telephone antennas; 
 control circuitry configured to change the switching circuitry from a first state, in which the first cellular telephone antenna is coupled to the first receiver and the second cellular telephone antenna is coupled to the second receiver, to a second state, in which the first cellular telephone antenna is coupled to the second receiver and the second cellular telephone antenna is coupled to the first receiver, in response to determining that the performance of the second cellular telephone antenna is superior to the performance of the first cellular telephone antenna; 
 wherein the determining that the performance of the second cellular telephone antenna is superior to the performance of the first cellular telephone antenna is based at least partly on, during a transmission by the radio-frequency transceiver on at least one of the antennas, detecting that power being transmitted by the radio-frequency transceiver through the first antenna during the transmission exceeds a threshold. 
 
     
     
       2. The electronic device defined in  claim 1  wherein the determining that the performance of the second cellular telephone antenna is superior to the performance of the first cellular telephone antenna is based upon data gathered in parallel by the first and second receivers when operating the radio-frequency transceiver circuitry in a dual receiver mode. 
     
     
       3. The electronic device defined in  claim 1  wherein the determining that the performance of the second cellular telephone antenna is superior to the performance of the first cellular telephone antenna is based upon data gathered in parallel by the first and second receivers when operating the radio-frequency transceiver circuitry in a dual receiver mode and wherein the data includes received signal power measurements associated with both the first and second cellular telephone antennas. 
     
     
       4. The electronic device defined in  claim 1  wherein the control circuitry is configured to activate a deactivated receiver when operating in a single receiver mode in response to data received from at least one of the antennas. 
     
     
       5. The electronic device defined in  claim 4  wherein the determining that the performance of the second cellular telephone antenna is superior to the performance of the first cellular telephone antenna is based upon data gathered by the first and second receivers when operating the radio-frequency transceiver circuitry in a dual receiver mode and wherein the data includes received signal power measurements associated with both the first and second cellular telephone antennas. 
     
     
       6. The electronic device defined in  claim 1  wherein the control circuitry is configured to activate a deactivated receiver when operating in a single receiver mode in response to frame error rate data. 
     
     
       7. The electronic device defined in  claim 1 ,
 wherein in each of the first state and the second state, the first and second cellular telephone antennas each operate according to a first cellular radio access technology (RAT) on a common frequency band. 
 
     
     
       8. A method of operating an electronic device that has cellular telephone antennas and wireless circuitry that includes first and second receivers that receive radio-frequency signals from the cellular telephone antennas, comprising:
 selectively configuring the wireless circuitry to operate in a single receiver mode in which the first receiver is active and is receiving the radio-frequency signals while the second receiver is inactive and a dual receiver mode in which the first and second receivers are active and are receiving the radio-frequency signals, wherein the first receiver receives radio-frequency signals from a first of the cellular telephone antennas while the second receiver receives radio-frequency signals from a second of the cellular telephone antennas when the wireless circuitry is configured to operate in the dual receiver mode; 
 comparing, while operating in the dual receiver mode, performance of the first antenna and performance of the second antenna; and 
 in response to determining that the performance of the second antenna is greater than the performance of the first antenna by more than a predetermined threshold amount, adjusting the wireless circuitry so that the first receiver receives radio-frequency signals from the second antenna while the second receiver receives radio-frequency signals from the first antenna; 
 wherein the determining that the performance of the second antenna is greater than the performance of the first antenna adjusting the wireless circuitry is based at least partly on, during a transmission by the radio-frequency transceiver on at least one of the antennas, detecting that power being transmitted by the radio-frequency transceiver through the first antenna during the transmission exceeds a threshold. 
 
     
     
       9. The method defined in  claim 8  wherein the comparing performance of the first antenna and performance of the second antenna further comprises:
 comparing received signal power data from the first receiver and received signal power data from the second receiver. 
 
     
     
       10. The method defined in  claim 9 , wherein the determining that the performance of the second antenna is greater than the performance of the first antenna by more than a predetermined threshold amount further comprises:
 determining that received signal power data values from the second receiver are greater than received signal power data values from the first receiver by more than a predetermined threshold amount. 
 
     
     
       11. The method defined in  claim 10 , the wireless circuitry comprises at least one transmitter and wherein adjusting the wireless circuitry comprises adjusting the wireless circuitry so that radio-frequency signals from the transmitter are transmitted through the second of the cellular telephone antennas while the second receiver receives radio-frequency signals from the first of the cellular telephone antennas. 
     
     
       12. The method defined in  claim 8  further comprising:
 when operating in the single receiver mode, activating both the first and second receivers to place the wireless circuitry in the dual receiver mode at least partly based on a determination that received signal power data values from the first receiver are lower than a predetermined power threshold. 
 
     
     
       13. The method defined in  claim 8  further comprising:
 when operating in the single receiver mode, activating both the first and second receivers to place the wireless circuitry in the dual receiver mode at least partly based on a determination that frame error rate data values associated with the first receiver are lower than a predetermined frame error rate threshold. 
 
     
     
       14. The method defined in  claim 8  further comprising:
 when operating in the single receiver mode, activating both the first and second receivers to place the wireless circuitry in the dual receiver mode at least partly based on a determination that received signal power data values from the first receiver are lower than a predetermined power threshold and at least partly based on a determination that frame error rate data values associated with the first receiver are lower than a predetermined frame error rate threshold. 
 
     
     
       15. The method defined in  claim 14  further comprising:
 waiting for a timer to expire before activating the first and second receivers. 
 
     
     
       16. The method defined in  claim 8  further comprising:
 when operating in the dual receiver mode, deactivating the second receiver based at least partly on received signal power data gathered using the first receiver. 
 
     
     
       17. The method defined in  claim 8  further comprising:
 when operating in the dual receiver mode, deactivating the second receiver based at least partly on frame error rate data. 
 
     
     
       18. The method defined in  claim 8  further comprising:
 when operating in the dual receiver mode, comparing received signal power data obtained using the first receiver to a predetermined received power threshold. 
 
     
     
       19. The method defined in  claim 18  further comprising:
 when operating in the dual receiver mode, deactivating the second receiver to place the wireless circuitry in the single receiver mode based at least partly on frame error rate data gathered using the first receiver. 
 
     
     
       20. The method defined in  claim 19  wherein deactivating the second receiver comprises deactivating the second receiver to place the wireless receiver in the single receiver mode based at least partly on a comparison of received signal power data obtained using the first receiver to a predetermined received power threshold and comparison of frame error rate data obtained using the first receiver to a predetermined frame error rate threshold. 
     
     
       21. The method defined in  claim 8 ,
 wherein during said comparing and said adjusting, the first and second cellular telephone antennas each operate according to a first cellular radio access technology (RAT) on a common frequency band. 
 
     
     
       22. A method of operating an electronic device that has antennas and that has radio-frequency transceiver circuitry with first and second receivers, comprising:
 comparing, while operating the electronic device wherein the first and second receivers are active and are each receiving radio-frequency signals, performance of the first antenna and performance of the second antenna; and 
 in response to determining that the performance of the second antenna is greater than the performance of the first antenna by more than a predetermined threshold amount, adjusting the switching circuitry from a first state, in which a first of the antennas which serves as a primary antenna in the electronic device is coupled to the first receiver while a second of the antennas which serves as a secondary antenna in the electronic device is coupled to the second receiver, to a second state, in which the second antenna is coupled to the first receiver while the first antenna is coupled to the second receiver; 
 wherein the determining that the performance of the second antenna is greater than the performance of the first antenna is based at least partly on, during a transmission by the radio-frequency transceiver on at least one of the antennas, detecting that power being transmitted by the radio-frequency transceiver through the first antenna during the transmission exceeds a threshold. 
 
     
     
       23. The method defined in  claim 22  wherein adjusting the switching circuitry further comprises comparing signal power measurements associated respectively with the first and second receivers and toggling the switching circuitry based on the compared signal power measurements. 
     
     
       24. The method defined in  claim 22 ,
 wherein the switching circuitry is adjusted between the first state and the second state based on the transmitted signal power level and at least partly on at least one additional antenna performance metric selected from the group consisting of: received signal power level, frame error rate, information on whether responses are being received from a cellular telephone tower corresponding to requests from the electronic device, information on whether a network access procedure has succeeded, information on how many re-transmissions are being requested over a cellular link between the electronic device and a cellular tower, and information on whether a loss of signaling message has been received. 
 
     
     
       25. The method defined in  claim 22 ,
 wherein during said selectively configuring, said comparing, and said adjusting, the first and second antennas each operate according to a first cellular radio access technology (RAT) on a common frequency band. 
 
     
     
       26. An electronic device, comprising:
 first and second cellular telephone antennas; 
 radio-frequency transceiver circuitry that transmits and receives radio-frequency signals through the cellular telephone antennas, wherein the radio-frequency transceiver circuitry has a first receiver that is associated with a first transceiver port and a second receiver that is associated with a second transceiver port; and 
 switching circuitry interposed between the radio-frequency transceiver circuitry and the first and second cellular telephone antennas; 
 control circuitry configured to change the switching circuitry from a first state, in which the first cellular telephone antenna is coupled to the first receiver and the second cellular telephone antenna is coupled to the second receiver, to a second state, in which the first cellular telephone antenna is coupled to the second receiver and the second cellular telephone antenna is coupled to the first receiver, in response to determining that the performance of the second cellular telephone antenna is superior to the performance of the first cellular telephone antenna; 
 wherein in each of the first state and the second state, the first and second cellular telephone antennas each operate according to a first cellular radio access technology (RAT) on a common frequency band.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     This relates generally to wireless communications circuitry, and more particularly, to electronic devices that have wireless communications circuitry with multiple antennas. 
     Electronic devices such as portable computers and cellular telephones are often provided with wireless communications capabilities. For example, electronic devices may use long-range wireless communications circuitry such as cellular telephone circuitry to communicate using cellular telephone bands at 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 1900 MHz, and 2100 MHz. Electronic devices may use short-range wireless communications links to handle communications with nearby equipment. For example, electronic devices may communicate using the WiFi® (IEEE 802.11) bands at 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz and the Bluetooth® band at 2.4 GHz. 
     Antenna performance affects the ability of a user to take advantage of the wireless capabilities of an electronic device. If antenna performance is not satisfactory, calls may be dropped or data transfer rates may be come undesirably slow. To ensure that antenna performance meets design criteria, it may sometimes be desirable to provide an electronic device with multiple antennas. In the event that one of the antennas in the device is not performing as well as desired, another of the antennas can be switched into use. Schemes in which antennas are switched into use in real time based on antenna performance criteria are sometimes referred to as antenna diversity schemes. 
     Care must be taken when implementing an antenna diversity scheme in an electronic device. If poor decisions are made in controlling wireless device circuitry or if the wireless circuitry in a device is insufficiently flexible, wireless performance and power consumption performance may suffer. 
     It would therefore be desirable to be able to provide improved wireless communications circuitry for wireless electronic devices with multiple antennas. 
     SUMMARY 
     Electronic devices may be provided that contain wireless communications circuitry. The wireless communications circuitry may include radio-frequency transceiver circuitry with antenna ports that are coupled to antennas in the electronic device. 
     The transceiver circuitry may, for example, have first and second ports that are coupled to first and second cellular telephone antennas. Switching circuitry may be interposed between the transceiver circuitry and the antennas to allow the antennas to be swapped between ports. The switching circuitry may, for example, have a first operating mode in which the first antenna is coupled to the first transceiver port and the second antenna is coupled to the second transceiver port and a second operating mode in which the first antenna is coupled to the second transceiver port while the second antenna is coupled to the first transceiver port. 
     Control circuitry may use information on received signal powers, frame error rates for received signals, information on transmitted signal powers, and other information on the radio-frequency signals being handled by the transceiver circuitry in determining how to control the wireless communications circuitry. The control circuitry may, for example, use information from the transceiver in determining whether to activate or deactivate transceiver ports and in determining whether or not to adjust the switching circuitry. 
     A first receiver in the transceiver circuitry of an electronic device may be associated with the first transceiver port and a second receiver in the transceiver circuitry may be associated with the second transceiver port. The electronic device may be operated in a single receiver mode in which only one of the receivers is active to conserve power or a dual receiver mode in which signals from both antennas may be received in parallel to compare antenna performance. Based on received signal data and other data from the transceiver, the electronic device may adjust the switching circuitry to ensure that an optimal antenna is being used. 
     Further features of the invention, its nature and various advantages will be more apparent from the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of an illustrative electronic device with wireless communications circuitry having multiple antennas in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram of an illustrative electronic device with wireless communications circuitry having multiple antennas in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  is a diagram of illustrative wireless circuitry including multiple antennas and circuitry for controlling use of the antennas in real time in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 4  is a graph showing how a received signal parameter such as received signal power may be measured as a function of time using wireless circuitry in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 5  is a graph showing how a transmitted signal parameter such as transmitted signal power may be measured as a function of time using wireless circuitry in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 6  is a graph showing how raw received signal parameter measurements such as raw received signal power measurements may be processed to produce filtered received signal measurements in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 7  is a graph showing how raw transmitted signal parameter measurements such as raw transmitted signal power measurements may be processed to produce filtered transmitted signal measurements in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 8  is a flow chart of illustrative steps involved in gathering and processing received signals from multiple ports in parallel in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 9  is a flow chart of illustrative steps involved in gathering and processing received signals from multiple ports using a time division multiplexing scheme in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 10  is a diagram showing operations and operating states associated with operating an electronic device having wireless circuitry of the type shown in  FIG. 3  in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Electronic devices may be provided with wireless communications circuitry. The wireless communications circuitry may be used to support wireless communications in multiple wireless communications bands. The wireless communications circuitry may include multiple antennas arranged to implement an antenna diversity system. 
     The antennas can include loop antennas, inverted-F antennas, strip antennas, planar inverted-F antennas, slot antennas, hybrid antennas that include antenna structures of more than one type, or other suitable antennas. Conductive structures for the antennas may be formed from conductive electronic device structures such as conductive housing structures, traces on substrates such as traces on plastic, glass, or ceramic substrates, traces on flexible printed circuit boards (“flex circuits”), traces on rigid printed circuit boards (e.g., fiberglass-filled epoxy boards), sections of patterned metal foil, wires, strips of conductor, other conductive structures, or conductive structures that are formed from a combination of these structures. 
     An illustrative electronic device of the type that may be provided with one or more antennas is shown in  FIG. 1 . Electronic device  10  may be a portable electronic device or other suitable electronic device. For example, electronic device  10  may be a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a somewhat smaller device such as a wrist-watch device, pendant device, headphone device, earpiece device, or other wearable or miniature device, a cellular telephone, a media player, etc. 
     Device  10  may include a housing such as housing  12 . Housing  12 , which may sometimes be referred to as a case, may be formed of plastic, glass, ceramics, fiber composites, metal (e.g., stainless steel, aluminum, etc.), other suitable materials, or a combination of these materials. In some situations, parts of housing  12  may be formed from dielectric or other low-conductivity material. In other situations, housing  12  or at least some of the structures that make up housing  12  may be formed from metal elements. 
     Device  10  may, if desired, have a display such as display  14 . Display  14  may, for example, be a touch screen that incorporates capacitive touch electrodes. Display  14  may include image pixels formed form light-emitting diodes (LEDs), organic LEDs (OLEDs), plasma cells, electronic ink elements, liquid crystal display (LCD) components, or other suitable image pixel structures. A cover glass layer may cover the surface of display  14 . Portions of display  14  such as peripheral regions  20 I may be inactive and may be devoid of image pixel structures. Portions of display  14  such as rectangular central portion  20 A (bounded by dashed line  20 ) may correspond to the active part of display  14 . In active display region  20 A, an array of image pixels may be used to display images for a user. 
     The cover glass layer that covers display  14  may have openings such as a circular opening for button  16  and a speaker port opening such as speaker port opening  18  (e.g., for an ear speaker for a user). Device  10  may also have other openings (e.g., openings in display  14  and/or housing  12  for accommodating volume buttons, ringer buttons, sleep buttons, and other buttons, openings for an audio jack, data port connectors, removable media slots, etc.). 
     Housing  12  may include a peripheral conductive member such as a bezel or band of metal that runs around the rectangular outline of display  14  and device  10  (as an example). 
     Antennas may be located along the edges of device  10 , on the rear or front of device  10 , as extending elements or attachable structures, or elsewhere in device  10 . With one suitable arrangement, which is sometimes described herein as an example, device  10  may be provided with one or more antennas at lower end  24  of housing  12  and one or more antennas at upper end  22  of housing  12 . Locating antennas at opposing ends of device  10  (i.e., at the narrower end regions of display  14  and device  10  when device  10  has an elongated rectangular shape of the type shown in  FIG. 1 ) may allow these antennas to be formed at an appropriate distance from ground structures that are associated with the conductive portions of display  14  (e.g., the pixel array and driver circuits in active region  20 A of display  14 ). 
     If desired, a first cellular telephone antenna may be located in region  24  and a second cellular telephone antenna may be located in region  22 . Antenna structures for handling satellite navigation signals such as Global Positioning System signals or wireless local area network signals such as IEEE 802.11 (WiFi®) signals or Bluetooth® signals may also be provided in regions  22  and/or  24  (either as separate additional antennas or as parts of the first and second cellular telephone antennas). 
     In regions  22  and  20 , openings may be formed between conductive housing structures and printed circuit boards and other conductive electrical components that make up device  10 . These openings may be filled with air, plastic, or other dielectrics. Conductive housing structures and other conductive structures may serve as a ground plane for the antennas in device  10 . The openings in regions  20  and  22  may serve as slots in open or closed slot antennas, may serve as a central dielectric region that is surrounded by a conductive path of materials in a loop antenna, may serve as a space that separates an antenna resonating element such as a strip antenna resonating element or an inverted-F antenna resonating element such as an inverted-F antenna resonating element formed from part of a conductive peripheral housing structure in device  10  from the ground plane, or may otherwise serve as part of antenna structures formed in regions  20  and  22 . 
     Antennas may be formed in regions  22  and  24  that are identical (i.e., antennas may be formed in regions  22  and  24  that each cover the same set of cellular telephone bands or other communications bands of interest). Due to layout constraints or other design constraints, it may not be desirable to use identical antennas. Rather, it may be desirable to implement the antennas in regions  22  and  24  using different designs. For example, the first antenna in region  24  may cover all cellular telephone bands of interest (e.g., four or five bands) and the second antenna in region  22  may cover a subset of the four or five bands handled by the first antenna. Arrangements in which the antenna in region  24  handles a subset of the bands handled by the antenna in region  22  (or vice versa) may also be used. 
     In configurations in which the antennas in regions  22  and  24  are not identical, use of one antenna may be favored over the other. For example, it may be preferable to use the antenna in region  24  rather than the antenna in region  22  due to considerations such as superior efficiency, superior band coverage, superior radiation patterns, etc. In configurations such as these in which it is preferably to use the first antenna (e.g., the cellular antenna in region  24 ) over the second antenna (e.g., the cellular antenna in region  22 ), the first antenna may be referred to as the primary antenna for device  10  and the second antenna may be referred to as the secondary antenna for device  10 . Device  10  may attempt to use the primary antenna as much as possible (due to factors such as superior efficiency, band coverage, or radiation pattern), but may switch to using the secondary antenna when operation of the primary antenna is disrupted. Antenna operation can be disrupted when an antenna in device  10  is blocked by an external object such as a user&#39;s hand, when device  10  is placed near objects the interfere with proper antenna operation, or due to other factors (e.g., device orientation relative to its surroundings, etc.). If desired, both the primary and secondary antennas may be used simultaneously (e.g., when receiving signals). This type of arrangement may be used, for example, to improve reception quality by combining signals that have been received using the primary antenna with signals that have been received using the secondary antenna. 
     Antenna diversity systems in which device  10  has a primary antenna and a secondary antenna are sometimes described herein as an example. This is, however, merely illustrative. Device  10  may use an antenna diversity arrangement that is based on three or more antennas, may use antennas that are substantially identical (e.g., in band coverage, in efficiency, etc.), or may use other types of antenna configurations. 
     A schematic diagram of electronic device  10  is shown in  FIG. 2 . As shown in  FIG. 2 , electronic device  10  may include control circuitry such as storage and processing circuitry  28 . Storage and processing circuitry  28  may include storage such as hard disk drive storage, nonvolatile memory (e.g., flash memory or other electrically-programmable-read-only memory configured to form a solid state drive), volatile memory (e.g., static or dynamic random-access-memory), etc. Processing circuitry in storage and processing circuitry  28  and other control circuits such as control circuits in wireless communications circuitry  34  may be used to control the operation of device  10 . This processing circuitry may be based on one or more microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, baseband processors, power management units, audio codec chips, application specific integrated circuits, etc. 
     Storage and processing circuitry  28  may be used to run software on device  10 , such as internet browsing applications, voice-over-internet-protocol (VOIP) telephone call applications, email applications, media playback applications, operating system functions, etc. To support interactions with external equipment, storage and processing circuitry  28  may be used in implementing communications protocols. Communications protocols that may be implemented using storage and processing circuitry  28  include internet protocols, wireless local area network protocols (e.g., IEEE 802.11 protocols—sometimes referred to as WiFi®), protocols for other short-range wireless communications links such as the Bluetooth® protocol, cellular telephone protocols, etc. 
     Circuitry  28  may be configured to implement control algorithms that control the use of antennas in device  10 . For example, to support antenna diversity schemes and MIMO schemes or other multi-antenna schemes, circuitry  28  may perform transmitted and received signal monitoring operations, sensor monitoring operations, and other data gathering operations and may, in response to the gathered data, control which antenna structures within device  10  are being used to receive and process data. As an example, circuitry  28  may control which of two or more antennas is being used to receive incoming radio-frequency signals, may control which of two or more antennas is being used to transmit radio-frequency signals, may control the process of routing data streams over two or more antennas in device  10  in parallel, etc. Circuitry  28  may also activate and deactivate transceiver circuitry to provide desired levels of signal monitoring while conserving power. In performing these control operations, circuitry  28  may open and close switches, may turn on and off receivers and transmitters, may adjust impedance matching circuits, may configure switches in front-end-module (FEM) radio-frequency circuits that are interposed between radio-frequency transceiver circuitry and antenna structures (e.g., filtering and switching circuits used for impedance matching and signal routing), and may otherwise control and adjust the components of device  10 . Control algorithm data such as settings for predetermined threshold values and other control settings may be stored in storage in circuitry  28 . 
     Input-output circuitry  30  may be used to allow data to be supplied to device  10  and to allow data to be provided from device  10  to external devices. Input-output circuitry  30  may include input-output devices  32 . Input-output devices  32  may include touch screens, buttons, joysticks, click wheels, scrolling wheels, touch pads, key pads, keyboards, microphones, speakers, tone generators, vibrators, cameras, sensors, light-emitting diodes and other status indicators, data ports, etc. A user can control the operation of device  10  by supplying commands through input-output devices  32  and may receive status information and other output from device  10  using the output resources of input-output devices  32 . 
     Wireless communications circuitry  34  may include radio-frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry formed from one or more integrated circuits, power amplifier circuitry, low-noise input amplifiers, passive RF components, one or more antennas, and other circuitry for handling RF wireless signals. 
     Wireless communications circuitry  34  may include satellite navigation system receiver circuitry such as Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver circuitry  35  (e.g., for receiving satellite positioning signals at 1575 MHz). Transceiver circuitry  36  may handle 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands for WiFi® (IEEE 802.11) communications and may handle the 2.4 GHz Bluetooth® communications band. Circuitry  34  may use cellular telephone transceiver circuitry  38  for handling wireless communications in cellular telephone bands such as bands at 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 1900 MHz, and 2100 MHz or other cellular telephone bands of interest. Wireless communications circuitry  34  can include circuitry for other short-range and long-range wireless links if desired. For example, wireless communications circuitry  34  may include, wireless circuitry for receiving radio and television signals, paging circuits, etc. In WiFi® and Bluetooth® links and other short-range wireless links, wireless signals are typically used to convey data over tens or hundreds of feet. In cellular telephone links and other long-range links, wireless signals are typically used to convey data over thousands of feet or miles. 
     Wireless communications circuitry  34  may include antennas  40 . Antennas  40  may be formed using any suitable antenna types. For example, antennas  40  may include antennas with resonating elements that are formed from loop antenna structure, patch antenna structures, inverted-F antenna structures, closed and open slot antenna structures, planar inverted-F antenna structures, helical antenna structures, strip antennas, monopoles, dipoles, hybrids of these designs, etc. Different types of antennas may be used for different bands and combinations of bands. For example, one type of antenna may be used in forming a local wireless link antenna and another type of antenna may be used in forming a remote wireless link antenna. As described in connection with  FIG. 1 , there may be multiple cellular telephone antennas in device  10 . For example, there may be a primary cellular telephone antenna in region  24  of device  10  and a secondary cellular telephone antenna in region  22  of device  10 . These antennas may be fixed or may be tunable. 
     Device  10  can be controlled by control circuitry that is configured to store and execute control code for implementing control algorithms (e.g., antenna diversity control algorithms and other wireless control algorithms). As shown in  FIG. 3 , control circuitry  42  may include storage and processing circuitry  28  (e.g., a microprocessor, memory circuits, etc.) and may include baseband processor  58 . Baseband processor  58  may form part of wireless circuitry  34  and may include memory and processing circuits (i.e., baseband processor  58  may be considered to form part of the storage and processing circuitry of device  10 ). 
     Baseband processor  58  may provide data to storage and processing circuitry  28  via path  48 . The data on path  48  may include raw and processed data associated with wireless (antenna) performance metrics such as received power, transmitted power, frame error rate, bit error rate, signal-to-noise ratio, information on whether responses are being received from a cellular telephone tower corresponding to requests from the electronic device, information on whether a network access procedure has succeeded, information on how many re-transmissions are being requested over a cellular link between the electronic device and a cellular tower, information on whether a loss of signaling message has been received, and other information that is reflective of the performance of wireless circuitry  34 . This information may be gathered for multiple antennas in real time using multiple active transceiver ports or using a time-division multiplexing scheme in which an alternate antenna(s) is momentarily used to evaluate its performance. Information on antenna performance metrics that has been gathered can be processed by storage and processing circuitry  28  and/or processor  58 . In response to determining that predetermined criteria have been satisfied, storage and processing circuitry  28  (or, if desired, baseband processor  58 ) may issue control commands for controlling wireless circuitry  34 . For example, storage and processing circuitry  28  may issue control commands on path  52  and path  50 . 
     Wireless circuitry  34  may include radio-frequency transceiver circuitry such as radio-frequency transceiver circuitry  60  and radio-frequency front-end circuitry  62 . Baseband processor  58  may receive digital data that is to be transmitted from storage and processing circuitry  28  and may use path  46  and radio-frequency transceiver circuitry  60  (e.g., transmitter  67  in transceiver  63 ) to transmit corresponding radio-frequency signals on path  56 . Radio-frequency front end  62  may be coupled between radio-frequency transceiver  60  and antennas  40  and may be used to transmit the radio-frequency signals. Incoming radio-frequency signals that are received by antennas  40  may be provided to baseband processor  58  via radio-frequency front end  62 , paths such as paths  54  and  56 , receiver circuitry in radio-frequency transceiver  60  such as receiver  61  at port RX and receiver  63  at port TX/RX, and paths such as paths  44  and  46 . Baseband processor  58  may convert these received signals into digital data that is provided to storage and processing circuitry  28 . 
     Radio-frequency transceiver circuitry  60  may have receiver circuitry and transmitter circuitry. Receiver and transmitter circuitry may be shared between multiple ports using multiplexer circuitry and/or individual receivers and/or transmitters may be associated with respective transceiver ports. As shown in  FIG. 3 , for example, radio-frequency transceiver  60  may have a receiver such as receiver  61  that is associated with path  54  and may have receiver and transmitter circuitry  63  including a receiver such as receiver  65  and a transmitter such as transmitter  67  that is associated with path  56 . Path  54  and receiver  61  may be associated with a first (RX) port for transceiver  60 , whereas path  56 , receiver  65 , and transmitter  67  may be associated with a second (TX/RX) port for transceiver  60 . If desired, additional ports may be provided in transceiver  60 . Transceiver  60  may also be provided with additional receivers and/or transmitters or may be provided with fewer transceiver resources (i.e., shared resources). The arrangement of  FIG. 3  is merely illustrative. 
     Radio-frequency front end  62  may include radio-frequency switches, impedance matching circuits, filters, and other circuitry for forming an adjustable interface between antennas  40  and radio-frequency transceiver  60 . Radio-frequency front end  62  may include a switch such as switch  64  (e.g., a double pole double throw switch) that has four ports. Port A may be coupled to path  54 , port B may be coupled to path  56 , port C may be coupled to antenna  40 B, and port D may be coupled to antenna  40 A. Antennas  40 A and  40 B may be primary and secondary cellular telephone antennas for device  10 , respectively. 
     Switch  64  may be configured by control signals received from control circuitry  42  over path  50 . When primary antenna  40 A is performing satisfactorily, for example, switch  64  may be placed in a first configuration in which switch port B is coupled to switch port D and in which switch port A is coupled to switch port C. In this first configuration, the TX/RX (transmit-receive) port of transceiver  60  is coupled to antenna  40 A while the RX (receive) port of transceiver  60  is connected to antenna  40 B. When, however, primary antenna  40 A is not performing as well as secondary antenna  40 B, switch  64  may be placed in a second configuration in which switch port B is coupled to switch port C and in which switch port A is coupled to switch port D. This will swap the antenna assignments within wireless circuitry  34 , so that secondary antenna  40 B handles the signals for the TX/RX port of transceiver  60  while primary antenna  40 A handles the signals for the RX port. 
     In the example of  FIG. 3 , transceiver  60  has a TX/RX port that is coupled to line  56  and a corresponding TX/RX path (path  46 ) that couples radio-frequency transceiver  60  to baseband processor  58 . Transceiver  60  of  FIG. 3  also has an RX port that is coupled to line  54  and a corresponding RX path (path  44 ) that couples transceiver  60  and baseband processor  58 . This type of configuration is merely illustrative. If desired, ports such as the RX and TX/RX port of transceiver  60  may both be configured to receive and transmit signals (i.e., both may be transmit-receive ports) and/or transceiver  60  may have a single port that is shared between multiple antennas using a multiplexer. 
     To conserve power, storage and processing circuitry  28  may issue control signals on path  52  that selectively activate and deactivate features of transceiver  60 . With one suitable arrangement, transceiver  60  includes a first receiver (receiver  61 ) for handling received signals on the RX port and a second receiver (receiver  65 ) for handling received signals on the TX/RX port. When both receivers are not needed, one of the receivers can be deactivated to conserve power. 
     Control operations such as operations associated with configuring switch  64  and other circuits in radio-frequency front end  62  using path  50  and operations associated with configuring radio-frequency transceiver  60  using path  52  (e.g., to activate and deactivate receiver circuits associated with ports RX and TX/RX) may be performed using a control algorithm that is implemented on control circuitry  42  (e.g., using the control circuitry and memory resources of storage and processing circuitry  28  and baseband processor  58 ). With one suitable arrangement, baseband processor  58  may gather and provide data on path  48  that is indicative of wireless performance. For example, baseband processor  58  may use transceiver  60  to produce data on path  48  such as frame-error rate (FER) data, received power data (e.g., received power for port RX and received power for port TX/RX), signal-to-noise ratios, transmit power (e.g., the power being transmitted using the TX/RX port), bit-error-rate (BER) data, and other wireless performance metrics. Baseband processor  58  or other resources in control circuitry  42  may gather wireless performance information in real time. For example, baseband processor  58  may use transceiver  60  to gather real time received power values and real time transmitted power values for the ports associated with transceiver  60 . Data such as frame error rate data or other data-based performance metrics may be produced by determining the fraction of data frames that are dropped as incoming frames are processed using baseband processor  58 . If desired, control circuitry  42  may gather wireless performance data (or data that is reflective of expected wireless performance) using sensors in device  10 , using feedback from a cellular network, etc. 
     Raw wireless performance data may be processed using digital and/or analog circuits, using software-implemented filtering, or using a combination of hardwired and software-based processing algorithms. For example, raw received power measurements or other raw signal measurements may be filtered using a digital smoothing algorithm (e.g., a time-averaging algorithm), using an analog filter (e.g., a low pass filter), using hardwired digital filter circuits, using software-implemented filters, etc. 
       FIGS. 4 and 5  are graphs illustrating how raw data may be fairly noisy. In  FIG. 4 , wireless performance data PRX has been plotted as a function of time. In  FIG. 5 , wireless performance data PTX has been plotted as a function of time. Parameters PRX and PTX may respectively correspond to raw measured received power and raw measured transmitted power or may correspond to other wireless performance parameters. The graph of  FIG. 6  shows how the raw data PRX of  FIG. 4  may be filtered to produce filtered data FPRX (e.g., time-averaged received power or other performance data). The graph of  FIG. 7  shows how the raw data PTX of  FIG. 5  may be filtered to produce filtered data FPTX (e.g., time-averaged transmitted power or other performance data). Time averaging for smoothing raw data PRX and for smoothing raw data PTX may be performed, for example, using time-averaging windows such as window WDR of  FIG. 4  and WDT of  FIG. 5 . When an averaging window is used, the raw data that lies within the window may be averaged to produce a filtered data point (e.g., FPRX or FPTX in the present example). Larger averaging windows may be used when more smoothing is desired. Smaller averaging windows may be used when it is desired to ensure rapid response times for control circuitry  42 . Time-averaging schemes reduce noise by creating a low pass filter that removes high-frequency signal components from unprocessed data. Other types of noise reduction schemes may be used if desired. The use of time averaging in the examples of  FIGS. 4, 5, 6, and 7  is merely illustrative. 
     It may be desirable to operate wireless circuitry  34  in a mode that allows wireless performance to be independently evaluated for each antenna. Based on this information, control circuitry  42  ( FIG. 3 ) may determine whether or not the antenna assignments in device  10  should be swapped and whether or not power can be conserved by reducing the amount of active transceiver circuitry in device  10 . 
     Wireless performance for both antennas may be monitored simultaneously by activating the transceiver circuits associated with a pair of transceiver ports and using these ports simultaneously. For example, receiver  61  of port RX of  FIG. 3  may be used to monitor received signal power while receiver  65  of port TX/RX of  FIG. 3  may be used to monitor received signal power. Signal power for more than two antennas can also be independently measured using corresponding receivers in radio-frequency transceiver  60 . 
     In some situations, it may be desirable to share a common transceiver port between multiple antennas. For example, if a transceiver integrated circuit is being used that contains only a single receiver, that receiver can be shared between the primary and secondary antennas in device  10  using a multiplexer. Device  10  can use the multiplexer to couple one antenna into use as the current active antenna for handling wireless signals. For a fraction of the time that the currently active antenna is used (e.g., for 5% or less or 1% or less of the time that the currently active antenna is being used), device  10  can use the multiplexer to switch the other antenna into use to probe the wireless performance of the other antenna. 
       FIG. 8  is a flow chart of illustrative steps that may be used in a wireless circuit configuration in which the transceiver contains multiple ports (e.g., the RX port coupled to path  54  of  FIG. 3  and the TX/RX port coupled to path  56  in  FIG. 3 ). During the operations of step  66 , control circuitry  42  may activate the receivers on both ports and may gather data for each port. Control circuitry  42  may process the data that is gathered to produce processed wireless performance data (step  68 ). 
     Any suitable resources in device  10  may be used in ascertaining the wireless performance of each port and its associated antenna. For example, baseband processor  58  may contain processing circuitry that can compute a frame error rate value for each port by counting the number of successfully received and unsuccessfully received frames in the data stream associated with each port. Baseband processor  58  may also contain circuitry for converting raw signal measurements into received power values. During operation, the circuitry of baseband processor  58  or other control circuitry  42  may be used to assess the wireless performance of each of the simultaneously active ports (and therefore the antenna that is coupled to each port), so that control circuitry  42  can make suitable adjustments to radio-frequency transceiver  60  via path  52  and radio-frequency front end  62  (via path  50 ). 
     The performance of each antenna can also be monitored using a time-division multiplexing scheme in which a multiplexer or other switching circuitry is used to momentarily switch from use of the current antenna to use of an alternate antenna so that the performance of the alternate antenna can be sampled. Illustrative steps involved in using a time-division multiplexing scheme of this type are shown in  FIG. 9 . During the operations of step  70 , control circuitry  42  may monitor the signals associated with a given radio-frequency transceiver port. These signals may be associated with one of multiple antennas in device  10  (i.e., a currently active antenna). Periodically, control circuitry  42  may adjust the multiplexer or other switching circuitry (e.g., a multiplexer in radio-frequency front end  62 ), so that the alternate antenna is coupled to the transceiver port in place of the current antenna. Alternate antenna measurements may be made during time periods in which the current antenna is known to be inactive (e.g., during time slots in which the cellular telephone transceiver in device  10  is not actively using the current antenna). 
     Data gathered using the current antenna and data gathered using the alternate antenna may be processed by control circuitry  42  during the operations of step  72 . For example, current antenna data and alternate antenna data may be processed to produce wireless performance data such as measured values of received power (PRX), frame error rate (FER), etc. 
     A diagram illustrating how device  10  may ensure that an optimum antenna is used while disabling transceiver circuitry when possible to conserve power is shown in  FIG. 10 . 
     Initially, at state  74 , device  10  and wireless circuitry  34  are in an idle state. During idle state  74 , wireless circuitry  34  is in a low power state and is not handling any cellular telephone calls. 
     Periodically, control circuitry  42  may awaken wireless circuitry  34  to listen for incoming calls, as indicated by line  76 . During the operations of state  80 , device  10  may monitor the wireless network for incoming calls (e.g., by listening for a message on a paging channel or other channel that indicates that an incoming call is being made). When entering listening state  80 , device  10  may initially use port TX/RX to monitor primary antenna  40 A. If primary antenna  40 A is not performing satisfactorily (e.g., if the power of the received signal is less than received power threshold TH 1  or if other suitable performance metric indicates that antenna  40 A is not performing well), control circuitry  42  can listen for incoming call setup messages using port RX and antenna  40 B or control circuitry  42  can toggle the state of switch  64  so that port TX/RX can be used to listen for incoming call setup messages from antenna  40 B. If no incoming call activity is detected, device  10  may temporarily return to idle state  74 , as indicated by line  78 . 
     If an incoming call is detected during the listening operations of state  80 , processing may proceed to call setup state  82 , as indicated by line  81 . Device  10  may also enter call setup state  82  when a user of device  10  initiates an outgoing call. During call setup state  82 , device  10  may use control circuitry  42  to set up a cellular telephone call. In setting up the call, control circuitry  42  can determine whether antenna  40 A or antenna  40 B should be used as the initial antenna for device  10 . For example, control circuitry  42  may determine whether the received signal power between the two antennas differs by more than threshold TH 2  and, if so, can switch the preferred antenna into use (e.g. by adjusting switch  64  if necessary so that the antenna with the greater received signal power is connected to port TX/RX and path  56 ). 
     When the call has been set up using the call establishment procedures of step  82 , processing proceeds to state  84 , as indicated by line  83 . During state  84 , wireless circuitry  34  may be operated in a single receiver mode (“single RX mode”) in which a given one of receivers  61  and  65  is active and the other receiver is inactive. During the operations of state  84 , switch  64  may be configured to operate in a first state in which switch port A is connected to switch port C and switch port B is connected to switch port D (i.e., so that transmit-receive port TX/RX is connected to antenna primary antenna  40 A) or in a second state in which switch port A is connected to switch port D and switch port B is connected to switch port C (i.e., so that transmit-receive port TX/RX is connected to secondary antenna  40 B). Switch  64  may, for example, be configured so that the TX/RX port transmits and receives radio-frequency signals using the antenna that was determined to be preferable for use in call setup mode  82 . To conserve power, cellular telephone transceiver port RX may be maintained in an inactive state. 
     In single-receiver mode  84 , therefore, only receiver  65  in the TX/RX port is generally active, so only one antennas  40 A and  40 B is in use (i.e., only the current antenna is in use, while the alternate antenna is not being used). During the operations of state  84 , the performance of the current antenna may be monitored by evaluating antenna performance metrics such as received signal power level, frame error rate, transmitted signal power level, information on whether responses are being received from a cellular telephone tower corresponding to requests from the electronic device, information on whether a network access procedure has succeeded, information on how many re-transmissions are being requested over a cellular link between the electronic device and a cellular tower, information on whether a loss of signaling message has been received, or other suitable wireless performance parameters. For example, control circuitry  42  may determine whether the received power from the current antenna is less than a power threshold value TH 3  or the frame error rate FER is greater than a frame error rate threshold value TH 4 . If the received power from the current antenna is less than power threshold TH 3  or the frame error rate is greater than frame error rate threshold value TH 4 , control circuitry  42  can conclude that the performance of current antenna is unsatisfactory. If not, control circuitry  42  can conclude that the performance of current antenna is satisfactory. 
     If the performance of the current antenna is determined to be satisfactory, operations may continue in single-receiver mode  84 , as indicated by line  86 . 
     If the performance of the current antenna is determined to be unsatisfactory, device  10  may enter state  92 , as indicated by line  88 . In state  92 , control circuitry  42  may issue control commands on path  52  to activate the previously inactive port (i.e., by turning on receiver  61  so that both receiver  61  and receiver  65  are active). When the receiver in transceiver circuitry  60  that is connected to path  54  (i.e., receiver  61 ) is activated, transceiver circuitry  60  will be able to use that receiver to monitor the performance of the alternate antenna. If, for example, primary antenna  40 A is being used to transmit and receive signals through port TX/RX, circuitry  60  will be able to use receiver  61  on port RX to simultaneously monitor the performance of alternate antenna  40 B (e.g., by monitoring wireless performance parameters such as received signal power or other performance metrics). Toggling device  10  between a single receiver mode such as single RX mode  84  and a dual receiver mode such as dual RX mode  92  allows device  10  to evaluate in real time whether wireless performance would be improved by swapping antennas. 
     If it is determined during the operations of state  92  that the current antenna is performing satisfactorily, the port that is coupled to the alternate antenna can be deactivated and device  10  may toggle back to single RX mode  84 , as indicated by line  90 . Control circuitry  42  may evaluate the performance of the current antenna during state  92  by determining whether the received power from the current antenna exceeds a predetermined threshold TH 5  and by determining whether the frame error rate for signals received from the current antenna is less than a predetermined threshold TH 6 . If the power of the signals being received by the current antenna exceeds TH 5  AND the frame error rate is less than TH 6 , control circuitry  42  may conclude that the current antenna is operating satisfactorily and may place device  10  in single RX mode  84  to conserve power. 
     If either the received power from the current antenna is less than threshold value TH 5  or the frame error rate FER that is associated with the current antenna is greater than frame error threshold value TH 6 , control circuitry  42  can concluded that the performance of the current antenna is not satisfactory. When the current antenna is not performing satisfactorily, control circuitry  42  has the option of swapping the antenna assignments in device  10  so that the alternate antenna is switched into use in place of the current antenna. 
     To determine whether or not use of the alternate antenna would improve performance, control circuitry  42  can compare received signal power measurements from each antenna during the monitoring operations of state  92  and may make other suitable antenna performance comparisons. For example, control circuitry  42  can determine whether the received signal power associated with the alternate antenna (Alternate RX power) is greater than the received signal power for the current antenna (Current RX power) by more than a threshold value TH 7 . The difference between the received powers for the alternate and current antennas is indicative of the amount of expected improvement in received signal strength if the antennas were to be swapped. Control circuitry  42  can also determine the magnitude of the radio-frequency signal power that is being transmitted using transmit-receive port TX/RX and can evaluate whether the transmitted power level (TX power) is greater than a threshold TH 8 . Evaluation of the transmitted signal power can provide insight into whether or not device  10  is struggling in its use of the current antenna. If the value of TX power is low, it is unlikely than the current antenna is blocked or is otherwise exhibiting unsatisfactory performance. 
     Using factors such as these individually or in combination, control circuitry  42  can determine whether or not the performance of the alternative antenna is sufficiently superior to the performance of the current antenna to warrant swapping of the antennas. If, for example, (Alternate RX power−Current RX power&gt;TH 7 ) AND (TX power&gt;TH 8 ), control circuitry  42  can conclude that the performance of the alternate antenna will be preferable to the current antenna. In response, control circuitry  42  can start a first timer (TIMER 1 ), as indicated by line  96  and state  100 . If the difference between the alternate antenna received power and current antenna received power drops below TH 7  or if TX power drops below TH 8  before TIMER 1  expires (reaches its predetermined time value), device  10  can return to state  92 , as indicated by line  98 . So long as the difference between the alternate antenna received power and current antenna received power remains below TH 7  or the transmitted signal power (TX power) remains below TH 8 , device  10  can then remain in state  92 , as indicated by line  94 . 
     If TIMER 1  expires (i.e., if TIMER 1  reaches its predetermined expiration time while TX power remains below TH 8  and while Alternate RX power minus Current RX power remains above TH 7 ), control circuitry  42  may enter state  104 , as indicated by line  102 . In state  104 , control circuitry  42  may issue control commands to switch  64  in front end circuitry  62  to swap antennas  40 A and  40 B. In particular, control circuitry  42  (e.g., storage and processing circuitry  28 ) may issue commands on path  50  that toggle the position of switch  64  and thereby switch the transceiver port assignments for antennas  40 A and  40 B. If, for example, switch  64  is in its first state in which switch port A is connected to switch port C and switch port B is connected to switch port D, the swapping operations of state  104  will toggle switch  64  into its second state in which switch port A is connected to switch port D and switch port B is connected to switch port C (i.e., so that transmit-receive port TX/RX is connected to secondary antenna  40 B). If, on the other hand, switch  64  is in its second state in which switch port A is connected to switch port D and switch port B is connected to switch port C, the swapping operations of state  104  will toggle switch  64  into its first state in which switch port A is connected to switch port C and switch port B is connected to switch port D (i.e., so that transmit-receive port TX/RX is connected to primary antenna  40 A). 
     After the antennas (and ports) in device  10  are swapped during the operations of state  104 , the current antenna will no longer be used as the main antenna for device  10  but rather will serve as the alternate antenna, whereas the antenna that was previously serving as the alternate antenna will become the current antenna for device  10 . As indicated by line  106  in  FIG. 10 , device  10  can be operated in dual receiver mode  108  following antenna swapping during the operations of state  104 . 
     When operating in mode  108 , control circuitry  42  can simultaneously monitor the performance of the current and alternate antennas (e.g., using arrangements of the types shown in  FIGS. 8 and 9 ) to determine whether or not device  10  should swap antennas again and to determine whether or not to return to single RX mode. In transceiver circuitry such as illustrative transceiver circuitry  60  of  FIG. 3  in which transceiver circuitry  60  includes multiple receivers such as receivers  61  and  65 , both receivers may be activated to simultaneously gather antenna performance data from antennas  40 A and  40 B in parallel. Control circuitry  42  may, for example, use receivers  61  and  65  to monitor antenna performance metrics such as received signal strength, frame error rate, etc. The transmitted signal power associated with transmitters such as transmitter  67  of the TX/RX port may also be monitored to determine how to control wireless circuitry  34  during the operations of  FIG. 3 . 
     If it is determined during mode  108  that the current antenna is performing sufficiently well that alternate antenna monitoring functions are not needed, monitoring of the alternate port may be discontinued. With one suitable arrangement, control circuitry  42  may compare the received power from the current antenna to a threshold TH 9  and can compare the frame error rate for signals from the current antenna (Current FER) to a frame error rate threshold TH 10 . If the power of the signals received from the current antenna (Current RX power) is greater than threshold TH 9  and if Current FER is less than TH 10  or if other suitable antenna performance criteria such as transmit power level criteria are satisfied, control circuitry can conclude that the operation of the current antenna is satisfactory and that dual antenna monitoring functions are not required. As indicated by line  112 , control circuitry  42  may therefore respond by deactivating the port associated with the alternate antenna to conserve power (e.g., by turning off receiver  61 , which is associated with port RX in  FIG. 3 ). By toggling device  10  from a dual receiver mode such as dual RX mode  108  to a single receiver mode such as single RX mode  114 , device  10  may enter a lower power mode that can help to extend battery life. 
     With the alternate antenna deactivated in this way, device  10  may operate in a single RX mode (mode  114  of  FIG. 10 ), monitoring the performance of the current antenna using the receiver in the active transceiver port (i.e., port TX/RX). If the operation of the current antenna remains satisfactory (i.e., Current RX power remains above threshold TH 9  and Current FER remains below TH 10 ), device  10  may remain in mode  114 , as indicated by line  118 . If, during the operations of mode  114 , it is determined that the operation of the current antenna has become unsatisfactory (i.e., the Current RX power drops below threshold TH 9  or Current FER rises above TH 10 ), control circuitry  42  may return device  10  to dual RX mode  108  as indicated by line  116 . Toggling device  10  to dual RX mode  108  from single RX mode  114  places device  10  in a state in which wireless circuitry  34  may be used to evaluate the relative performance of both antennas in real time to determine whether or not antenna swapping would improve wireless performance. 
     During the dual antenna monitoring operations of mode  108 , the performance of the current and alternate antennas may be monitored by evaluating antenna performance metrics such as received signal power level, frame error rate, or other suitable wireless performance parameters. For example, control circuitry  42  may compare the difference between the alternate antenna received power and current antenna received power (i.e., Alternate RX power−Current RX power) to a threshold TH 11 . If (Alternate RX power−Current RX power) is greater than TH 11 , control circuitry  42  can concluded that it is preferable to use the alternate antenna in place of the current antenna and can place device  10  into mode  124 , as indicated by line  120 . 
     In mode  124 , control circuitry  42  may start a timer (TIMER 2 ). While TIMER 2  is counting towards its expiration time, control circuitry  42  may continue to compare the value of Alternate RX power—Current RX power to threshold TH 11 . If the value of Alternate RX power—Current RX power drops below threshold TH 11  before TIMER 2  expires, control circuitry  42  can conclude that it is no longer preferable to swap antennas and may return to state  108 , as indicated by line  122 . 
     If the value of Alternate RX power—Current RX power remains above threshold TH 11  by the time that TIMER 2  expires, control circuitry  42  may switch antennas (state  128 ). For example, control circuitry  42  may issue control commands to switch circuit  64  in front end circuitry  62  to swap antennas  40 A and  40 B. In particular, control circuitry (e.g., storage and processing circuitry  28 ) may issue commands on path  50  that toggle the position of switch  64  to switch the transceiver port assignments for antennas  40 A and  40 B. If, for example, switch  64  was in its first state prior to entering state  128  so that switch port A was connected to switch port C and switch port B was connected to switch port D, the swapping operations of state  104  will toggle switch  64  into its second state in which switch port A is connected to switch port D and switch port B is connected to switch port C (i.e., so that transmit-receive port TX/RX is connected to secondary antenna  40 B). If switch  64  was in its second state prior to entering state  128  so that switch port A was connected to switch port D and switch port B was connected to switch port C, the swapping operations of state  128  will toggle switch  64  into its first state in which switch port A is connected to switch port C and switch port B is connected to switch port D (i.e., so that transmit-receive port TX/RX is connected to primary antenna  40 A). As indicated by line  130 , control circuitry  42  may return device  10  to state  92  following the swapping operations of state  128 . 
     The foregoing is merely illustrative of the principles of this invention and various modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20101105
Publication Date: 20160607
Grant Date: 20160607
Priority Date: 20101105
Inventors: MAHE ISABEL G.
SHI JIANXIONG
SONG KEE-BONG
HU MING
BURCHILL WILLIAM S.
MUJTABA SYED A.
SEBENI JOHNSON O.
ZHANG HAINING
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H04W52/0245", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B7/0825", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B7/0874", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W52/0245", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B7/0825", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B7/0874", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B7/0825", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B7/0874", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W52/0245", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "Y02D30/70", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "Y02D30/70", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 44913448