PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-10348943-B2
Application Number: US-201615218768-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Electronic device structures with oleophobic coatings

Abstract:
An electronic device may have components such as a display, a camera, a button, and other electrical components. A transparent crystalline member such as a layer of aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, or other crystalline dielectric structure may overlap an electrical component and may serve as a display cover layer, button cover member, or window member. An annealed adhesion layer such as an annealed inorganic layer may be formed on a crystalline dielectric member. The annealed adhesion layer may help adhere an oleophobic coating to the transparent crystalline member.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An electronic device, comprising:
 a housing; 
 a transparent crystalline member in the housing; 
 an oleophobic coating over the transparent crystalline member; and 
 an annealed adhesion layer on the crystalline member, wherein the oleophobic coating is formed on the annealed adhesion layer, wherein the annealed adhesion layer comprises a graded mixture of first and second inorganic materials and wherein the first and second inorganic materials vary in composition as a function of position throughout the annealed adhesion layer from an interface between the annealed adhesion layer and the transparent crystalline member to an interface between the annealed adhesion layer and the oleophobic coating. 
 
     
     
       2. The electronic device defined in  claim 1  further comprising:
 a component in the housing that is overlapped by the transparent crystalline member. 
 
     
     
       3. The electronic device defined in  claim 2  wherein one of the first and second organic materials is silicon oxide. 
     
     
       4. The electronic device defined in  claim 3  wherein the annealed adhesion layer has a surface roughness of less than 0.2 nm RMS. 
     
     
       5. The electronic device defined in  claim 4  wherein the transparent crystalline member comprises a transparent crystalline member selected from the group consisting of: a display cover member, a button cover member, and a camera window member. 
     
     
       6. The electronic device defined in  claim 1  wherein the second inorganic material is silicon oxide. 
     
     
       7. The electronic device defined in  claim 6  wherein the first inorganic material comprises an inorganic material selected from the group consisting of: aluminum oxide and zirconium oxide. 
     
     
       8. The electronic device defined in  claim 1  wherein the graded mixture contains more of the first inorganic material than the second inorganic material at an interface between the annealed adhesion layer and the transparent crystalline member and wherein the graded mixture contains more of the second inorganic material than the first inorganic material at an interface between the annealed adhesion layer and the oleophobic coating. 
     
     
       9. The electronic device defined in  claim 8  wherein the annealed adhesion layer has a surface roughness of less than 0.2 nm RMS. 
     
     
       10. The electronic device defined in  claim 9  wherein the transparent crystalline member comprises a transparent crystalline member selected from the group consisting of: a display cover member, a button cover member, and a camera window member. 
     
     
       11. The electronic device defined in  claim 2  wherein the component comprises a display and wherein the transparent crystalline member comprises a transparent display cover layer that overlaps the display. 
     
     
       12. The electronic device defined in  claim 2  wherein the component comprises a camera and wherein the transparent crystalline member comprises a transparent camera window that overlaps the camera. 
     
     
       13. The electronic device defined in  claim 2  wherein the component comprises a button and wherein the transparent crystalline member comprises a transparent button cover layer for the button. 
     
     
       14. The electronic device defined in  claim 2  wherein the oleophobic coating includes fluorocarbon chains. 
     
     
       15. An electronic device, comprising:
 a housing; 
 a camera in the housing; and 
 a transparent camera window in the housing that overlaps the camera, wherein the transparent camera window comprises:
 a transparent crystalline member; 
 an oleophobic coating over the transparent crystalline member; and 
 an annealed inorganic adhesion layer on the crystalline member, wherein the oleophobic coating is formed on the annealed inorganic adhesion layer, wherein the annealed adhesion layer comprises a graded mixture of first and second inorganic materials and wherein the first and second inorganic materials vary in composition as a function of position throughout the annealed adhesion layer from an interface between the annealed adhesion layer and the transparent crystalline member to an interface between the annealed adhesion layer and the oleophobic coating. 
 
 
     
     
       16. The electronic device defined in  claim 15  wherein the annealed inorganic adhesion layer has a surface roughness of less than 0.2 nm RMS. 
     
     
       17. An electronic device, comprising:
 a housing; 
 a component in the housing; and 
 a transparent crystalline member that overlaps the component; 
 an annealed inorganic adhesion layer having a graded mixture of first and second inorganic materials, wherein the graded mixture contains more of the first inorganic material than the second inorganic material at an interface between the annealed inorganic adhesion layer and the transparent crystalline member and wherein the graded mixture contains more of the second inorganic material than the first inorganic material at an interface between the annealed inorganic adhesion layer and an oleophobic coating. 
 
     
     
       18. The electronic device defined in  claim 17  wherein the component comprises a component selected from the group consisting of: a display, a button, and a camera, wherein the oleophobic coating comprises perfluoropolyether.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     This relates generally to oleophobic coatings, and, more particularly, to oleophobic coatings for structures in electronic devices. 
     Electronic devices such as cellular telephones, computers, watches, and other devices contain transparent members such as display cover layers and camera windows. Button members may also sometimes have transparent portions. For example, a menu button in a cellular telephone may have a sapphire cap. 
     Transparent members in electronic devices may be subject to undesired smudges when contacted by a user&#39;s fingers or other external objects. To reduce smudging, these structures may be coated with oleophobic coatings. 
     Challenges can arise, however, when adding an oleophobic coating to a structure in an electronic device. Unless care is taken, oleophobic material may adhere poorly and the resulting oleophobic coating may be insufficiently robust to withstand normal device handling without damage. 
     SUMMARY 
     An electronic device may have components such as a display, a camera or other light-based component, a button, and other electrical components. A transparent crystalline member such as a layer of aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, or other crystalline dielectric structure may overlap an electrical component. The transparent crystalline member may, as an example, serve as a display cover layer, a button cover member, or a window member. 
     The transparent crystalline member may be provided with an oleophobic coating. The oleophobic coating may be formed from a fluoropolymer such as perfluoropolyether. 
     To help adhere the oleophobic coating to the transparent crystalline member, an annealed adhesion layer may be formed on the transparent crystalline member. The annealed adhesion layer may include an inorganic material such as silicon oxide. The annealed adhesion layer may be formed from a single material such as silicon oxide or may be formed from a graded mixture of two different materials (e.g., aluminum oxide and silicon oxide, zirconium oxide and silicon oxide, etc.). 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of an illustrative electronic device of the type that may include structures with oleophobic coatings in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 2  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative electronic device window such as a camera window that may be provided with an oleophobic coating in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative button of the type that may be provided with an oleophobic coating in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 4  is a graph showing how the composition of an oleophobic coating adhesion layer may vary through the layer in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 5  is a diagram of illustrative equipment and operations involved in forming an electronic device structure with an adhesion layer and oleophobic coating in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 6  is a flow chart of illustrative steps involved in forming an oleophobic coating on an electronic device structure in accordance with an embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Electronic devices and other items may be provided with structures formed from crystalline materials (e.g., dielectric crystalline materials). These structures, which may be transparent, may be used as display cover layers, windows for light-based components such as cameras, button caps, and other structures. Oleophobic coatings may be formed on the structures to reduce smudges. Illustrative configurations in which oleophobic coatings are provided on transparent members for electronic devices such as transparent crystalline members for displays, windows for cameras and other light-based devices, and buttons, may sometimes be described herein as an example. In general, however, oleophobic coatings may be formed on any suitable electronic device structures. 
     An illustrative electronic device of the type that may be provided with crystalline members having oleophobic coatings is shown in  FIG. 1 . Electronic device  10  may be a computing device such as a laptop computer, a computer monitor containing an embedded computer, a tablet computer, a cellular telephone, a media player, or other handheld or portable electronic device, a smaller device such as a wristwatch device (e.g., a watch with a wrist strap), a pendant device, a headphone or earpiece device, a device embedded in eyeglasses or other equipment worn on a user&#39;s head, or other wearable or miniature device, a television, a computer display that does not contain an embedded computer, a gaming device, a navigation device, an embedded system such as a system in which electronic equipment with a display is mounted in a kiosk or automobile, equipment that implements the functionality of two or more of these devices, or other electronic equipment. In the illustrative configuration of  FIG. 1 , device  10  is a portable device such as a cellular telephone, media player, tablet computer, wrist device, or other portable computing device. Other configurations may be used for device  10  if desired. The example of  FIG. 1  is merely illustrative. 
     In the example of  FIG. 1 , device  10  includes a display such as display  14  mounted in housing  12 . Housing  12 , which may sometimes be referred to as an enclosure or case, may be formed of plastic, glass, ceramics, fiber composites, metal (e.g., stainless steel, aluminum, titanium, gold, etc.), other suitable materials, or a combination of any two or more of these materials. Housing  12  may be formed using a unibody configuration in which some or all of housing  12  is machined or molded as a single structure or may be formed using multiple structures (e.g., an internal frame structure, one or more structures that form exterior housing surfaces, etc.). 
     Display  14  may be a touch screen display that incorporates a layer of conductive capacitive touch sensor electrodes or other touch sensor components (e.g., resistive touch sensor components, acoustic touch sensor components, force-based touch sensor components, light-based touch sensor components, etc.) or may be a display that is not touch-sensitive. Capacitive touch screen electrodes may be formed from an array of indium tin oxide pads or other transparent conductive structures. 
     Display  14  may include an array of pixels formed from liquid crystal display (LCD) components, an array of electrophoretic pixels, an array of plasma pixels, an array of organic light-emitting diode pixels or other light-emitting diodes, an array of electrowetting pixels, or pixels based on other display technologies. 
     Display  14  may include one or more layers of transparent material. For example, the outermost layer of display  14 , which may sometimes be referred to as a display cover layer may overlap one or more inner layers (sometimes referred to as a display module) that form the array of pixels. The display cover layer may be formed from a hard transparent material help protect display  14  from damage. Illustrative configurations in which a display cover layer and other transparent members in device  10  (e.g., windows for cameras and other light-based devices and capping layers for buttons) are formed from a transparent crystalline material such as sapphire (sometimes referred to as corundum or crystalline aluminum oxide) or a transparent crystalline material such as zirconium oxide may be described herein as an example. Sapphire and zirconium oxide are hard and therefore scratch resistant. Accordingly materials such as sapphire and zirconium oxide may be satisfactory for use in display cover members, camera window members, and button cover members. In general, however, these transparent members may be formed from any suitable material. 
     A display cover layer for display  14  may planar or curved and may have a rectangular outline, a circular outline, or outlines of other shapes. If desired, openings may be formed in the display cover layer. For example, an opening may be formed in the display cover layer to accommodate a button (e.g., a button in illustrative button location  30  of  FIG. 1 ), a speaker port, or other component. Openings may be formed in housing  12  to form communications ports (e.g., an audio jack port, a digital data port, etc.), to form openings for buttons, or to form audio ports (e.g., openings for speakers and/or microphones). 
     Oleophobic coatings and other layers (e.g., antiscratch layers, antireflection layers, etc.) may be formed on display cover layers, camera windows, and button cover layers to help reduce fingerprint smudging. To help ensure adequate adhesion between a transparent crystalline structure in device  10  and oleophobic coating material, an adhesion layer may be formed between the transparent crystalline structure and the oleophobic coating. The adhesion layer may be formed from an inorganic material such as silicon oxide, from a mixture of inorganic materials (e.g., aluminum oxide and silicon oxide when the underlying transparent crystalline layer is formed from aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide and silicon oxide when the underlying transparent crystalline layer is formed from zirconium oxide, etc.), or other suitable materials. The adhesion layer may be annealed to densify the adhesion layer and to enhance smoothness, thereby enhancing the robustness of the adhesion layer and oleophobic coating. 
     A cross-sectional side view of an illustrative window in a portion of device  10  is shown in  FIG. 2 . As shown in  FIG. 2 , device  10  may have housing  12 . Light-based component  18  may be mounted in alignment with opening  20  in housing  12 . Opening  20  may be circular, may be rectangular, may have an oval shape, may have a triangular shape, may have other shapes with straight and/or curved edges, or may have other suitable shapes (outlines when viewed from above). Window  16  may be mounted in opening  20  of housing  12  so that window  16  overlaps component  18 . A gasket, bezel, adhesive, screws, or other fastening mechanisms may be used in attaching window  16  to housing  12 . Surface  22  of window  16  may lie flush with surface  24  of housing  12 , may be recessed below surface  24 , or may, as shown in  FIG. 2 , be proud of surface  24  (i.e., surface  22  may lie in a plane that is some distance away from surface  24  in direction  26 ). Surface  24  may form the rear face of housing  12  or other suitable portion of housing  12 . 
     Light-based device  18  may be based on one or more components that emit light (e.g., a light-emitting diode, a laser, a lamp, etc.) and/or one or more components that detect light (e.g., an image sensor that captures digital images through a lens, a proximity sensor detector that measures infrared light from an infrared emitter that has reflected off of external objects adjacent to device  10 , an ambient light sensor that measures the intensity and/or color of ambient light, or other light producing and/or light measuring circuitry). With one illustrative configuration, window  16  is a circular window and device  18  includes a rectangular image sensor and a lens that is interposed between the circular window and the rectangular image sensor. Other types of light-based devices may be aligned with windows such as illustrative window  16  of  FIG. 2 . The configuration of  FIG. 2  is merely illustrative. 
       FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative component such as a button for device  10 . Button  30  may be located within an opening in housing  12 , in a portion of display  14  (e.g., in an inactive portion of display  14  as shown by illustrative button  30  of  FIG. 1 ), or in other portions of device  10 . As shown in  FIG. 3 , display cover layer  14 ′ (e.g., a layer of glass, sapphire, or other material that overlaps a display component such as a liquid crystal display module, organic light-emitting display module, etc.) may have an opening such as opening  32 . Button  30  may have a movable button member such as button member  36 . A capacitive touch sensor array that serves as a fingerprint sensor (e.g., sensor  38 ) may be formed on, under, or within button member  36 . 
     Button member  36  may be formed from plastic and/or other materials and may move in direction  44  when pressed by the finger of a user. When moved in direction  44 , button member  36  may compress a switch such as dome switch  42 . Dome switch  42  may be mounted on printed circuit  40  or other suitable support structure. When dome switch  42  is compressed inwardly in direction  44 , control circuitry that is coupled to dome switch  42  may detect a button press event. When compressed, dome switch  42  may exhibit a restoring force that biases member  36  upwards in direction  46 . If desired, supplemental biasing structures (foam, springs, etc.) may be used to bias button member  36  in direction  46 . If desired, button member  36  may have different shapes and sizes. The example of  FIG. 3  is merely illustrative. 
     As shown in  FIG. 3 , button  30  may be overlapped by a transparent member such as button cover member  34 . For example, button cover member (layer)  34  may be mounted on the surface of button member  36 . Button cover member  34 , which may sometimes be referred to as a button cap or button cover layer, may be formed from a crystalline material such as sapphire, zirconium oxide, or other transparent crystalline material. During operation, a user may place a finger on the surface of member  34  so that fingerprint sensor  38  may capture the user&#39;s fingerprint. Printed ink (e.g., white ink, black ink, etc.) may be formed on the underside of button cover member  34  to provide button  30  with a desired appearance. For example, the underside of button cover member  34  may be provided with printed ink having the pattern of a menu button icon. 
     A user&#39;s finger is often in contact with member  34  of button  30  (e.g., so that the user may actuate button  30 ), is often in contact with cover layer  14 ′ of display  14  (particularly when display  14  is a touch screen display), and is often in contact with camera window  16  of  FIG. 2  (e.g., when part of a user&#39;s hand overlaps window  16  when a user grips device  10 ). As a result, these surfaces may be prone to fingerprint smudging. To reduce or eliminate smudging, the surface of display cover layer  14 ′, window  16 , and/or button cover member  34  may be coated with an oleophobic material. The oleophobic material may be a material such as perfluoropolyether (PFPE) or other material with fluorocarbon chains (e.g., other fluoropolymer material) that resists smudging. The thickness of the oleophobic material may be 5-10 nm, more than 3 nm, more than 5 nm, more than 10 nm, more than 20 nm, less than 30 nm, less than 25 nm, less than 20 nm, less than 15 nm, less than 10 nm, or other suitable thickness. 
     Oleophobic coating layers formed from PFPE may have difficulties adhering directly to crystalline dielectric materials such as sapphire and zirconium oxide. Accordingly, an adhesion layer may be formed on the crystalline material before the oleophobic coating is deposited. The adhesion layer may be formed from an inorganic material such as silicon oxide, zirconium oxide, a mixture of silicon oxide and zirconium oxide, other oxides, a mixture of aluminum oxide and silicon oxide, or other inorganic materials. The thickness of the adhesion layer may be more than 1 nm, more than 3 nm, 5-10 nm, 3-15 nm, more than 5 nm, more than 10 nm, more than 20 nm, less than 30 nm, less than 25 nm, less than 20 nm, less than 15 nm, less than 10 nm, or other suitable thickness. 
     The adhesion layer may be annealed at 800° C., at more than 1000° C., at more than 1100° C., at more than 1200° C., at less than 1300° C., at less than 1200° C., at less than 1100° C., at less than 1000° C., at less than 900° C., at 1100-1300° C., or other suitable elevated temperature. The duration of the anneal may be more than 30 minutes, more than 1 hour, more than 2 hours, 1-3 hours, less than 3 hours, less than 2 hours, or other suitable duration. The annealing process may help densify and lower the surface roughness of the adhesion layer. For example, the surface roughness of a silicon oxide adhesion layer may decrease from 0.25 nm RMS (root mean squared) to a value less than 0.2 nm RMS such as 0.12 nm RMS after annealing (as an example). The annealing process may also help densify and harden the adhesion layer. Reduced surface roughness, increased densification, and increased hardness may help enhance adhesion promotion performance and oleophobic coating robustness, making the coated transparent member more resistant to wear. 
     An adhesion layer may be deposited as a blanket film of a single material (e.g., a layer of silicon oxide). If desired, the adhesion layer may be graded to help match the properties of the adhesion layer to underlying substrate material and to the subsequently deposited oleophobic layer. 
     Consider, as an example, a scenario in which the transparent crystalline material on which the adhesion layer is being deposited is a zirconium oxide member. To promote material matching and thereby adhesion between the adhesion layer and the zirconium oxide member, the adhesion layer may have a composition that varies as a function of position within the adhesion layer. The composition of an illustrative graded adhesion layer of the type that may be deposited on a zirconium oxide structure is shown in the graph of  FIG. 4 . At position x=0, the adhesion layer forms an interface with the underlying zirconium oxide member. At this interface, the composition of the graded adhesion layer may be 100% zirconium oxide or may have another zirconium-oxide-rich composition to promote matching and adhesion between the adhesion layer and the zirconium oxide member. At increasing distances x through the adhesion layer away from the interface between the adhesion layer and the zirconium oxide member, the fraction of zirconium oxide in the adhesion layer decreases and the fraction of silicon oxide in the adhesion layer increases by a corresponding amount. At the upper surface of the adhesion layer (x=D in the example of  FIG. 4 , where the adhesion layer will form an interface with the oleophobic layer), the adhesion layer may be formed from 100% silicon oxide or may have another silicon-oxide-rich composition, which exhibits good adhesion with oleophobic material. 
     In general, any suitable composition may be used for the annealed adhesion layer. The adhesion layer may, for example, be formed from a uniform layer of a single inorganic material such as silicon oxide, may be formed from an inorganic material with a graded composition such as a mixture of zirconium oxide and silicon oxide of the type described in connection with  FIG. 4 , a mixture of aluminum oxide and silicon oxide that has an aluminum-oxide-rich portion to help adhere the adhesion layer to an underlying crystalline aluminum oxide (sapphire) member and that has a silicon-oxide-rich portion to adhere to the oleophobic coating, or other suitable material formed from one or more inorganic materials or other materials that promote adhesion of the oleophobic coating to an underlying crystalline structure. 
       FIG. 5  is a diagram of illustrative equipment and operations that may be used to form an oleophobic coating on a crystalline structure such as a transparent crystalline member serving as a display cover layer, button cover layer, or window for a camera or other light-based device. 
     As shown in  FIG. 5 , deposition tool  52  may be used to deposit thin-film adhesion layer  54  on transparent crystalline member  51  (e.g., a transparent crystalline structure for a display cover layer, button cover layer, a window or other suitable crystalline substrate). Member  51  may be a planar layer of material or other suitable structure. Deposition tool  52  may be a sputtering tool, an evaporator, other physical vapor deposition equipment, a chemical vapor deposition tool, or other equipment for depositing layer  54 . The thickness of adhesion layer  54  may be more than 1 nm, more than 3 nm, 5-10 nm, 3-15 nm, more than 5 nm, more than 10 nm, more than 20 nm, less than 30 nm, less than 25 nm, less than 20 nm, less than 15 nm, less than 10 nm, or other suitable thickness. Adhesion layer  54  may be formed from silicon oxide, a graded mixture of aluminum oxide and silicon oxide (e.g., when member  51  is a crystalline aluminum oxide layer), a graded mixture of zirconium oxide and silicon oxide (e.g., when member  51  is a zirconium oxide layer), other inorganic materials, or other adhesion promotion materials. The exposed upper surface of layer  54  may be formed from a material such as silicon oxide that exhibits satisfactory adhesion to oleophobic materials. The lower surface of layer  54  at the interface between layer  54  and member  51  may, if desired, have a composition that matches that of member (e.g., layer  54  may be rich in aluminum oxide or may be graded to include only aluminum oxide at the interface with member  51  when member  51  is formed from aluminum oxide, may be rich in zirconium oxide or may be graded to include only zirconium oxide at the interface with member  51  when member  51  is formed from zirconium oxide, etc.). 
     To enhance the properties of layer  54 , member  51  and layer  54  may be annealed using annealing tool  56 . Annealing tool  56  may be a furnace or other tool that can heat member  51  and layer  54  to an elevated temperature such as 1200° C., more than 1100° C., less than 1500° C., 1100-1300° C., or other suitable temperature. The temperature to which member  51  and layer  54  are heated during annealing is preferably below the melting point of member  51  (e.g., less than 1600° C.) while being sufficiently high to densify layer  54 , decrease surface roughness of layer  54 , and otherwise enhancing the ability of layer  54  to form a robust adhesion layer for subsequent oleophobic coating material. Member  51  and layer  54  may be annealed for 2 hours, more than 30 minutes, more than 1 hour, less than 3 hours, less than 4 hours, or for other suitable amounts of time. 
     Following annealing, deposition tool  48  may be used to deposit oleophobic coating layer  50  on layer  54 . Oleophobic coating  50  may be formed from a material such as perfluoropolyether (PFPE) or other material with fluorocarbon chains that help coating  50  resist smudging. The thickness of the deposited oleophobic material may be 5-10 nm, more than 3 nm, more than 5 nm, more than 10 nm, more than 20 nm, less than 30 nm, less than 25 nm, less than 20 nm, less than 15 nm, less than 10 nm, or other suitable thickness. 
       FIG. 6  is a flow chart of illustrative operations involved in forming an oleophobic coating on a crystalline substrate such as a sapphire member, zirconium oxide member, or other transparent dielectric crystalline member. 
     At step  60 , adhesion layer  54  may be deposited on member  51  using deposition tool  52  ( FIG. 5 ). Layer  54  may be uniform layer of adhesion promotion material or may be a graded layer containing a mixture of materials that vary in composition as a function of position throughout the layer. Layer  54  may, as an example, include an inorganic adhesion promotion material such as silicon oxide. 
     At step  62 , annealing tool  56  ( FIG. 5 ) may be used to anneal layer  54 , thereby densifying and smoothing layer  54  and enhancing the robustness and adhesion-promotion performance of layer  54 . 
     At step  64 , deposition tool  48  ( FIG. 5 ) may be used to deposit a layer of oleophobic material such as perfluoropolyether or other fluorocarbon material (e.g., other fluoropolymers) on annealed adhesion layer  54 , thereby forming oleophobic coating  50  on annealed adhesion layer  54 . 
     Following deposition of oleophobic coating  50 , member  51  may be used in forming a display cover member, a button cover member (e.g., a cap on a plastic button member, etc.), a camera window member for a camera or a transparent window member for other light-based devices, or other structure in electronic device  10 . 
     The foregoing is merely illustrative and various modifications can be made to the described embodiments. The foregoing embodiments may be implemented individually or in any combination.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20160725
Publication Date: 20190709
Grant Date: 20190709
Priority Date: 20160725
Inventors: ROGERS, MATTHEW S.
MATSUYUKI, NAOTO
NGUYEN, Que Anh S.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H04N23/51", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N23/51", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N5/2252", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 60989055