PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-9312943-B2
Application Number: US-201414249263-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Adaptive receive diversity during discontinuous reception in mobile wireless device

Abstract:
A mobile wireless device adapts receive diversity during discontinuous reception based on downlink signal quality, page indicators and page messages. When the downlink signal quality exceeds a pre-determined threshold, the mobile wireless device decodes a page indicator channel through an initial antenna, and otherwise, decodes a paging channel through the initial antenna without decoding the page indicator channel. The mobile wireless device switches to decoding the paging channel through an alternate antenna when a page indicator decodes as an erasure. When a paging message received through a single antenna decodes with an incorrect error checking code, the mobile wireless devices enables receive diversity through multiple antennas for subsequent decoding. The mobile wireless device switches between single antenna reception and multiple antenna reception based on tracking multiple consecutive error checking code failures and successes.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A mobile wireless device in communication with a wireless network, comprising:
 a first receiver and a second receiver interconnected with a first antenna and a second antenna through a switch; and 
 a processor configured to, during a discontinuous reception cycle in the mobile wireless device:
 decode at least one page indicator received on a page indicator channel through the first antenna when a measured downlink signal quality exceeds a pre-determined threshold; 
 decode one or more page messages received on a paging channel through the first antenna without decoding the page indicator channel when the measured downlink signal quality does not exceed the pre-determined threshold; 
 where the paging channel and the page indicator channel are separate; 
 decode one or more page messages received on the paging channel through the second antenna when a first page indicator received on the page indicator channel through the first antenna decodes as an erasure value, where the erasure value indicates that an unequivocal value is not present; and 
 decode one or more page messages received on the paging channel through the first antenna and through the second antenna together and ignoring the page indicator channel when no paging message received on the paging channel through the first antenna or through the second antenna alone decodes with a correct error checking code for a pre-determined period of time during the discontinuous reception cycle. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The mobile wireless device of  claim 1 , the processor further configured to:
 decode one or more page messages received on the paging channel through the first antenna and through the second antenna together during a subsequent discontinuous reception cycle after decoding an incorrect error checking code in the current discontinuous reception cycle. 
 
     
     
       3. The mobile wireless device of  claim 2 , the processor further configured to:
 ignore the page indicator channel when decoding using the first antenna and the second antenna together. 
 
     
     
       4. The mobile wireless device of  claim 1 , the processor further configured to:
 switch from decoding the paging channel with one antenna to decoding with multiple antennas after measuring a first pre-determined number of incorrect consecutive error checking codes; and 
 switch from decoding the paging channel with multiple antennas to decoding the paging channel with one antenna after measuring a second pre-determined number of correct consecutive error checking codes. 
 
     
     
       5. The mobile wireless device of  claim 4 , the processor further configured to:
 measure the second pre-determined number of correct consecutive error checking codes by counting consecutive discontinuous reception cycles that contain at least one correct error checking code and no incorrect error checking codes. 
 
     
     
       6. The mobile wireless device of  claim 1 , the processor further configured to:
 before decoding the at least one page indicators on the page indicator channel, select the first antenna from a plurality of antennas based on a measurement of signal strength received through each of the plurality of antennas. 
 
     
     
       7. The mobile wireless device of  claim 1 , wherein the wireless network operates using a CDMA2000 1x communications protocol. 
     
     
       8. The mobile wireless device of  claim 7 , wherein the error checking code is a layer 2 CRC segment of a layer 2 paging channel message. 
     
     
       9. A non-transitory computer program product encoded in a non-transitory computer readable medium for adapting receive diversity in a mobile wireless device in communication with a wireless network, the non-transitory computer program product comprising:
 in the mobile wireless device during a discontinuous reception cycle in the mobile wireless device:
 non-transitory computer program code configured to decode at least one page indicator received on a page indicator channel through a first antenna when a measured downlink signal quality exceeds a pre-determined threshold; 
 non-transitory computer program code configured to decode one or more page messages received on a paging channel through the first antenna without decoding the page indicator channel when the measured downlink signal quality does not exceed the pre-determined threshold; 
 where the paging channel and the page indicator channel are separate; 
 non-transitory computer program code configured to decode one or more page messages received on the paging channel through a second antenna when a first page indicator received on the page indicator channel through the first antenna decodes as an erasure value, where the erasure value indicates that an unequivocal value is not present; and 
 non-transitory computer program code configured to decode one or more page messages received on the paging channel through the first antenna and through the second antenna together and ignoring the page indicator channel when no paging message received on the paging channel through the first antenna or through the second antenna alone decodes with a correct error checking code for a pre-determined period of time during the discontinuous reception cycle. 
 
 
     
     
       10. The non-transitory computer program product of  claim 9 , further comprising:
 non-transitory computer program code configured to decode one or more page messages received on the paging channel through the first antenna and through the second antenna together during a subsequent discontinuous reception cycle after decoding an incorrect error checking code in the current discontinuous reception cycle. 
 
     
     
       11. The non-transitory computer program product of  claim 10 , further comprising:
 non-transitory computer program code configured to ignore the page indicator channel when decoding using the first antenna and the second antenna together. 
 
     
     
       12. The non-transitory computer program product of  claim 9 , further comprising:
 non-transitory computer program code configured to switch from decoding the paging channel with one antenna to decoding with multiple antennas after measuring a first pre-determined number of incorrect consecutive error checking codes; and 
 non-transitory computer program code configured to switch from decoding the paging channel with multiple antennas to decoding the paging channel with one antenna after measuring a second pre-determined number of correct consecutive error checking codes. 
 
     
     
       13. The non-transitory computer program product of  claim 12 , further comprising:
 non-transitory computer program code configured to measure the second pre-determined number of correct consecutive error checking codes by counting consecutive discontinuous reception cycles that contain at least one correct error checking code and no incorrect error checking codes. 
 
     
     
       14. The non-transitory computer program product of  claim 9 , further comprising:
 before decoding the at least one page indicators on the page indicator channel, non-transitory computer program code configured to select the first antenna from a plurality of antennas based on a measurement of signal strength received through each of the plurality of antennas. 
 
     
     
       15. The non-transitory computer program product of  claim 9 , wherein the wireless network operates using a CDMA2000 1x communications protocol. 
     
     
       16. The non-transitory computer program product of  claim 15 , wherein the error checking code is a layer 2 CRC segment of a layer 2 paging channel message.

Description:
PRIORITY CLAIM 
     This application is a continuation of and claims the benefit of priority from U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/231,804, entitled “Adaptive Receive Diversity during Discontinuous Reception in Mobile Wireless Device” and filed on Sep. 13, 2011 (now allowed), which is fully incorporated herein by reference for all purposes and to the extent not inconsistent with this application. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The described embodiments generally relate to methods and apparatuses for adapting receive diversity for mobile wireless devices. More particularly, the present embodiments describe selective use of receive diversity for mobile wireless devices with multiple receivers and multiple antennas during discontinuous reception modes. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Mobile wireless devices in wireless networks can be designed to balance advanced communication capabilities with limited available power storage, particularly in devices with smaller form factors that offer “high performance” features such as provided in “smart” phones. Analog signal reception and signal processing by the mobile wireless device can consume significant amounts of power when active that can affect battery drain in the mobile device. Continuous reception of radio frequency signals, even when not establishing or maintaining an active connection with the wireless network, can reduce the operating time of the mobile wireless device unnecessarily. In an “idle” state, during which the mobile wireless device may not be not actively connected to the wireless network, the mobile wireless device can receive and process signals selectively rather than continuously to reduce power consumption. Active circuitry in the mobile wireless device can be limited to components needed to receive and decode signaling messages from the wireless network. Wireless communication standards can specify procedures that can provide for lower power consumption by allowing the mobile wireless device to cycle between a non-active “sleep” state and an active “wake” state in a process known as discontinuous reception (DRX). Newer mobile wireless devices can also include multiple antennas connected to multiple receivers that can each consume power. During an active wake cycle, the mobile wireless device can selectively receive signals through one or more antennas, adapting the number of antennas used and the number of active receivers that process signals based on received signal conditions to balance performance of wireless reception with local battery power consumption. 
     Wireless networks continue to evolve as new communication technologies develop and standardize. Current wireless network deployments include many variations in architecture, including support for different wireless communication technologies offered by one or more wireless network service providers. A representative wireless network for a wireless network service provider can include support for one or more releases of wireless communication protocols specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and Third Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) communication standards organizations. The 3GPP develops mobile communication standards that include releases for Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE Advanced standards. The 3GPP2 develops mobile communication standards that include CDMA2000 1xRTT standards. Each of the standards listed above include a form of discontinuous reception (DRX) in which one or more receivers (or transceivers) in a mobile wireless device can be disabled periodically to save power consumption and then be selectively enabled to listen for signaling messages transmitted by the wireless network. The signaling messages can be used to initiate connections between the specific mobile wireless device and the wireless network as well as to broadcast information to multiple mobile wireless devices for operation in the wireless network. 
     Representative signaling messages include paging indicators sent in one or more paging indicator channels and paging messages (or more generally signaling/control messages) transmitted in parallel paging (signaling/control) channels. The mobile wireless device can monitor a paging channel directly or can monitor a paging indicator channel for paging indicators that can point to a forthcoming paging message on a paging channel. As a paging indicator can be as short as one bit, variations in received signal quality conditions can corrupt the page indicator bit and can potentially result in the mobile wireless device missing page messages or reading page messages intended for other mobile wireless devices and thus wasting power consumption in the mobile wireless device unnecessarily. The mobile wireless device can adapt reception based on measured receive signal quality and/or receive signal strength to improve reception of the signaling messages. The mobile wireless device can enable multiple receivers to improve signal reception of paging indicators on the paging indicator channel and/or paging messages on the paging channel. For mobile wireless devices that support receive diversity with multiple antennas and multiple receivers, power consumption during signal reception can depend on the number of active receivers. The performance of decoding received can depend on the quality of signals received through one or more antennas, each of which can be connected to one or more receivers. Thus there exists a need for methods and apparatuses to adapt receive diversity in a mobile wireless device that can improve signal reception while limiting power consumption during discontinuous reception in the wireless network. 
     SUMMARY OF THE DESCRIBED EMBODIMENTS 
     In one embodiment, a method of adapting receive diversity in a mobile wireless device is described. The method includes at least the following steps. During a discontinuous reception cycle, a mobile wireless device decodes page indicators and/or page messages through one or more antennas. When a measured downlink signal quality exceeds a pre-determined threshold, the mobile wireless device decodes at least one page indicator received on a page indicator channel through the initial antenna. When the measured downlink signal quality does not exceed the pre-determined threshold, the mobile wireless device decodes the paging channel using the initial antenna without decoding page indicators on the page indicator channel. When the first page indicator decodes as an erasure, the mobile wireless device decodes a page message received on a paging channel through an alternate antenna. When the mobile wireless device decodes page messages through the initial antenna or through the alternate antenna alone and no received page message decodes with a correct error checking code, the mobile wireless device decodes one or more page messages using receive diversity through the initial antenna and through the alternate antenna together. 
     In another embodiment, a mobile wireless device includes a first receiver, a second receiver, a first antenna, a second antenna, a switch and a configurable processor. The switch interconnects the first and second receivers to the first and second antennas. The processor is configured to switch signal reception of a paging channel between the first antenna and the second antenna based on decoding of a received page indicator on a page indicator channel. The processor is further configured to enable signal reception through both the first and second antennas and signal processing in the first and second receivers following decoding an incorrect error checking code in a paging message received on the paging channel. The processor is also configured to re-enable signal reception through only one of the first and second antennas and only one of the first and second receivers following decoding of multiple correct error checking codes on multiple consecutive paging messages received on the paging channel. 
     In a further embodiment, non-transitory computer program product encoded in a non-transitory computer readable medium of adapting receive diversity in a mobile wireless device is described. The non-transitory computer program product in the mobile wireless device includes at least the following non-transitory computer program code. Non-transitory computer program code for enabling reception of signaling messages through one antenna and one receiver or through more than one antenna and more than one receiver based on measurements of received downlink signal quality. Non-transitory computer program code for choosing through which antenna and through which receiver to receive the signaling messages based on measurements of downlink signal strength received through each antenna. Non-transitory computer program code for switching from single antenna reception to multiple antenna reception following multiple consecutive error checking code failures on received signaling messages. Non-transitory computer program code for switching from multiple antenna reception to single antenna reception following multiple consecutive error checking code successes on received signaling messages. 
     Although described in terms of a generic wireless network and a specific CDMA2000 1x wireless network, the embodiments disclosed herein can be extended to include other wireless networks such as GSM/GPRS, UMTS, LTE and LTE Advanced networks as well. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The described embodiments and the advantages thereof may best be understood by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. 
         FIG. 1  illustrates components of a generic wireless communication network. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates components of a UMTS wireless communication network. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates components of a CDMA2000 1x wireless communication network. 
         FIG. 4  illustrates components of a LTE wireless communication network. 
         FIG. 5  illustrates a representative architecture for a mobile wireless communication device. 
         FIG. 6  illustrates a state transition diagram for a mobile wireless communication device in a wireless network. 
         FIG. 7  illustrates a state transition diagram for a mobile wireless communication device during system acquisition of a wireless network. 
         FIG. 8  illustrates a paging indicator channel and a paging/control channel for a CDMA2000 1x wireless network. 
         FIG. 9  illustrates a slotted mode discontinuous reception cycle for a mobile wireless device receiving a paging/control channel in a CDMA2000 1x wireless network. 
         FIG. 10A  illustrates a format for paging messages on a paging channel in a CDMA2000 1x wireless network. 
         FIG. 10B  illustrates a format for control messages on a control channel in a CDMA2000 1x wireless network. 
         FIG. 11  illustrates two configurations for a dual pole dual throw switch in a mobile wireless device that supports receive diversity. 
         FIG. 12  summarizes page/control channel actions for a mobile wireless device based on decoded page indicator values. 
         FIGS. 13A and 13B  illustrate a representative method for adapting receive diversity for a mobile wireless device in a CDMA2000 1x wireless network. 
         FIGS. 14-19  illustrates another representative method for adapting receive diversity for a mobile wireless device in a CDMA2000 1x wireless network. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SELECTED EMBODIMENTS 
     In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the concepts underlying the described embodiments. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the described embodiments may be practiced without some or all of these specific details. In other instances, well known process steps have not been described in detail in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the underlying concepts. 
     The examples and embodiments provided below describe various methods and apparatuses for adapting receive diversity in a wireless mobile device, and in particular to selective use of receive diversity for the mobile wireless device operating with multiple antennas and multiple receivers during discontinuous reception cycles. It should be understood that implementations of the same methods and apparatuses described herein can apply to mobile wireless devices used in different types of wireless networks. For example, the same teachings can be applied to a GSM network, a UMTS network, an LTE network or other wireless network that uses discontinuous reception. In general, the teachings described herein can apply to a mobile wireless device operating in a wireless network based on radio access technology. The specific examples and implementations described herein are presented for simplicity in relation CDMA2000 1x networks but also can apply to other wireless network environments. 
     Mobile wireless devices can offer advanced communication capabilities, including increasing data transfer speeds, access to multiple types of wireless networks and robust performance in the presence of varying levels of noise and interference. At the same time, manufacturers of a mobile wireless device can seek to improve “stand-by” time of the mobile wireless device by minimizing power consumption from limited battery storage available within the mobile wireless device. Thus, a balance between robust performance and power consumption can be sought. To improve signal reception performance, the mobile wireless device can include multiple receivers interconnected to multiple antennas. Signals received on different antennas in the same mobile wireless device can each provide different signal quality levels and different signal strengths depending on the antennas&#39; locations as well as an orientation of the mobile wireless device with respect to a transmitting radio access system in the wireless network. In addition, intervening obstructions that can block and reflect transmitted signals can significantly affect signal reception at the mobile wireless device. The mobile wireless device can select to use one of a plurality of antennas and receivers based on signal and decoding measurements. The mobile wireless device can also enable receive diversity selectively to receive signals through more than one of the plurality of antennas as required to provide reliable reception of critical signaling messages received from the wireless network. Measurements of received downlink signal strength and/or received downlink signal quality can be used by the mobile wireless device to select among the plurality of antennas and when to use one or multiple antennas. 
     Continuous reception through one or more sets of analog receive circuitry in the mobile wireless device can consume significantly more power than selective discontinuous reception of signals received during periods when the mobile wireless device is not actively connected to the mobile wireless network. When using a non-slotted mode, the mobile wireless device can listen continuously on a signaling channel for signaling messages that can be used to initiate establishment of an active connection between the mobile wireless device and the wireless network. Representative signaling messages can include paging messages transmitted on a paging channel. As signaling channels, such as the paging channel, can be shared among multiple mobile wireless devices, the wireless network can divide transmissions on the signaling channel into individual slots and can assign to each mobile wireless device within a limited geographic area covered by a radio sector (cell) of the wireless network a time slot in which to listen for paging messages on the paging channel. Thus, the mobile wireless device can preferentially listen for signaling messages during assigned time slots rather than listen continuously. This selective listening can be referred to as operating in a slotted mode. In addition, the mobile wireless device can disable one or more receivers in the mobile wireless device during time slots not assigned to the mobile wireless device, the mobile wireless device can reduce power consumption by operating in the slotted discontinuous reception mode rather than the non-slotted continuous reception mode. 
     In certain wireless networks, such as a CDMA2000 1x network, a separate signaling channel, e.g. a paging indicator channel, can provide an indication to the mobile wireless device of a signaling (paging) message forthcoming on the parallel paging channel. Paging indicators on the page indicator channel can be significantly shorter and easier to decode than paging messages, and thus by listening for shorter transmissions on the paging indicator channel with simpler circuitry rather than for longer transmissions directly on the paging channel with more complex circuitry, the mobile wireless device can further reduce power consumption when there is no paging message intended for the mobile wireless device. When the mobile wireless device receives a positive indication on the paging indicator channel, the mobile wireless device can listen for a subsequent paging message on the paging channel. In contrast, when the mobile wireless device receives a negative indication on the paging indicator channel, the mobile wireless device can skip listening to the paging channel and return to a sleep state to conserve power. 
     Messages received on the paging indicator channel can be quite short, for example only one bit in length, and can be interpreted as a positive indication, a negative indication or an indefinite indication of a paging message addressed to the mobile wireless device on the paging channel. The mobile wireless device can measure downlink signal quality and can selectively listen to the paging indicator channel when the measured downlink signal quality exceeds a pre-determined threshold. Under good received signal conditions, a single bit indicator on the paging indicator channel can provide a reliable indication of the presence of paging messages for the mobile wireless device on the paging channel. When the measured downlink signal quality does not exceed the pre-determined threshold, however, the mobile wireless device can listen directly to the paging channel instead and can ignore the paging indicator channel, as single bits received on the paging indicator channel with poor signal conditions can provide an unreliable indication of the availability of paging messages. The paging indicator channel can include multiple copies of paging indications to improve reliable reception. The mobile wireless device can choose to listen for one or more of the multiple copies of the paging indicators. The mobile wireless device can also select to receive signals from different antennas based on interpreted values for one or more indicator bits received on the paging indicator channel. When an indicator bit received through one antenna can be interpreted as “indefinite”, the mobile wireless device can choose to receive another copy of the indicator bit through a different antenna in order to provide a clearer indication of forthcoming paging messages. 
     Each paging message received on the paging channel can include an error checking code, e.g. a cyclic redundancy check (CRC), that can confirm integrity of the data contained in the paging message. When unable to locate a paging message with a “good” CRC on the paging channel for a pre-determined period of time, or after receiving a pre-determined number of consecutive paging messages with incorrect error checking codes, i.e. with “bad” CRC, the mobile wireless device can enable reception through multiple antennas and receivers simultaneously, i.e. full receive diversity, in order to improve signal reception in the presence of noise and interference. Full receive diversity can provide more reliable signal reception when receive signal conditions are poor, while single antenna and single receiver reception can provide reduced power consumption when receive signal conditions are good. Full receive diversity can be used for reception of signals on the paging channel, while single antenna and single receiver reception can be used for signals received on both the paging indicator channel and the paging channel. 
     These and other embodiments are discussed below with reference to  FIGS. 1-15 . However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the detailed description given herein with respect to these figures is for explanatory purposes only and should not be construed as limiting. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a representative generic wireless communication network  100  that can include multiple mobile wireless devices  102  connected by radio links  126  to radio sectors  104  provided by a radio access network  128 . Each radio sector  104  can represent a geographic area of radio coverage emanating from an associated radio node  108  using a radio frequency carrier at a selected frequency. Radio sectors  104  can have different geometric shapes depending on a transmission antenna configuration, such as radiating outward in an approximate circle or hexagon from a centrally placed radio node  108  or cone shaped for a directional antenna from a corner placed radio node  108 . Radio sectors  104  can overlap in geographic area coverage so that the mobile wireless device  102  can receive signals from more than one radio sector  104  simultaneously. Each radio node  108  can generate one or more radio sectors  104  to which the mobile wireless device  102  can connect by one or more radio links  126 . To form a mobile terminated connection between the mobile wireless device  102  and the radio access network  128 , a radio controller  110  in the radio access subsystem  106  can instruct the radio node to transmit a signaling message, such as a page message, to the mobile wireless device  102 . In certain networks, the radio controller  110  can also instruct the radio node to transmit a signaling indicator, such as a page indicator bit, in advance of the page message to provide notice to the mobile wireless device  102  of the forthcoming page message. Upon reception of the page message, and following an additional exchange of signaling messages with the radio access network  128 , the mobile wireless device can form an active connection with the wireless network  100 . 
     In some wireless networks  100 , the mobile wireless device  102  can be connected to more than one radio sector  104  simultaneously. The multiple radio sectors  104  to which the mobile wireless device  102  is connected can come from a single radio node  108  or from separate radio nodes  108  that can share a common radio controller  110 . A group of radio nodes  108  together with the associated radio controller  110  can be referred to as a radio access subsystem  106 . Typically each radio node  108  in a radio access subsystem  106  can include a set of radio frequency transmitting and receiving equipment mounted on an antenna tower, and the radio controller  110  connected to the radio nodes  108  can include electronic equipment for controlling and processing transmitted and received radio frequency signals. The radio controller  110  can manage the establishment, maintenance and release of the radio links  126  that connect the mobile wireless device  102  to the radio access network  128 . 
     The radio access network  128 , which provides radio frequency air link connections to the mobile wireless device  102 , connects also to a core network  112  that can include a circuit switched domain  122 , usually used for voice traffic, and a packet switched domain  124 , usually used for data traffic. Radio controllers  110  in the radio access subsystems  106  of the radio access network  128  can connect to both a circuit switching center  118  in the circuit switched domain  122  and a packet switching node  120  in the packet switched domain of the core network  112 . The circuit switching center  118  can route circuit switched traffic, such as a voice call, to a public switched telephone network (PSTN)  114 . The packet switching node  120  can route packet switched traffic, such as a “connectionless” set of data packets, to a public data network (PDN)  116 . 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a representative UMTS wireless communication network  200  that can include one or more user equipment (UE)  202  that can communicate with a UMTS terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN)  242  that can connect to a core network (CN)  236 . The core network  236  can include a circuit switched domain  238  that can connect the UE  202  to a public switched telephone network (PSTN)  232  and a packet switched domain  240  that can connect the UE  202  to a packet data network (PDN)  234 . The UTRAN  242  can include one or more radio network sub-systems (RNS)  204 / 214  each of which can include a radio network controller (RNC)  208 / 212  and one or more Node-Bs (base stations)  206 / 210 / 216  managed by a corresponding RNC. The RNC  208 / 212  within the UTRAN  242  can be interconnected to exchange control information and manage packets received from and destined to the UE  202 . Each RNC  208 / 212  can handle the assignment and management of radio resources for the cells  244  through which the UE  202  connect to the wireless network  200  and can operate as an access point for the UE  202  with respect to the core network  236 . In order to establish a connection, the RNC  208 / 212  can communicate with the UE  202  through an associated Node-B  206 / 210 / 216  using a series of signaling messages. The Node-B  206 / 210 / 216  can receive information sent by the physical layer of UE  202  through an uplink and transmit data to UE  202  through a downlink and can operate as access points of the UTRAN  242  for UE  202 . 
     UTRAN  242  can construct and maintain a radio access bearer (RAB) for communication between UE  202  and the core network  236 . Services provided to a specific UE  202  can include circuit switched (CS) services and packet switched (PS) services. For example, a general voice conversation can be transported through a circuit switched service, while a Web browsing application can provide access to the World Wide Web (WWW) through an internet connection that can be classified as a packet switched (PS) service. To support circuit switched services, the RNC  208 / 212  can connect to the mobile switching center (MSC)  228  of core network  236 , and MSC  228  can be connected to gateway mobile switching center (GMSC)  230 , which can manage connections to other networks, such as the PSTN  232 . To support packet switched services, the RNC  208 / 212  can also be connected to serving general packet radio service (GPRS) support node (SGSN)  224 , which can connect to gateway GPRS support node (GGSN)  226  of core network  236 . SGSN  224  can support packet communications with the RNC  208 / 212 , and the GGSN  226  can manage connections with other packet switched networks, such as the PDN  234 . A representative PDN  234  can be the “Internet”. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates a representative CDMA2000 wireless network  300  that can include elements comparable to those described earlier for the generic wireless network  100  and the UMTS wireless network  200 . Multiple mobile stations  302  can connect to one or more radio sectors  304  through radio frequency links  326 . Each radio sector  304  can radiate outward from a base transceiver station (BTS)  308  that can connect to a base station controller (BSC)  310 , together forming a base station subsystem (BSS)  306 . Multiple base station subsystems  306  can be aggregated to form a radio access network  328 . Base station controllers  310  in different base station subsystems  306  can be interconnected. The base station controllers  310  can connect to both a circuit switched domain  322  that use multiple mobile switching centers (MSC)  318  and a packet switched domain  324  formed with packet data service nodes (PDSN)  320 , which together can form a core network  312  for the wireless network  300 . As with the other wireless networks  100 / 200  described above, the circuit switched domain  322  of the core network  312  can interconnect to the PSTN  114 , while the packet switched domain  324  of the core network  312  can interconnect to the PDN  116 . 
       FIG. 4  illustrates a representative Long Term Evolution (LTE) wireless network  400  architecture designed as a packet switched network exclusively. A mobile terminal  402  can connect to an evolved radio access network  422  through radio links  426  associated with radio sectors  404  that emanate from evolved Node B&#39;s (eNodeB)  410 . The eNodeB  410  includes the functions of both the transmitting and receiving base stations (such as the Node B  206  in the UMTS network  200  and the BTS  308  in the CDMA2000 network  300 ) as well as the base station radio controllers (such as the RNC  212  in the UMTS network  200  and the BSC  310  in the CDMA2000 network  300 ). The equivalent core network of the LTE wireless network  400  is an evolved packet core network  420  including serving gateways  412  that interconnect the evolved radio access network  422  to public data network (PDN) gateways  416  that connect to external internet protocol (IP) networks  418 . Multiple eNodeB  410  can be grouped together to form an evolved UTRAN (eUTRAN)  406 . The eNodeB  410  can also be connected to a mobility management entity (MME)  414  that can provide control over connections for the mobile terminal  402 . 
       FIG. 5  illustrates select elements for an architecture  500  that can be used for a mobile wireless device  102 . The mobile wireless device  102  can include a first transceiver  504  that can process signals according to a first wireless communication protocol and a second transceiver  506  that can process signals according to a second wireless communication protocol. The first and second wireless communication protocols can be identical or can be different. Circuitry for and capabilities of the first transceiver  504  and the second transceiver  506  can be identical or can be different. In a representative embodiment, the first transceiver  504  can transmit and receive wireless signals while the second transceiver can only receive but not transmit wireless signals. The first transceiver  504  can be interconnected to the second transceiver  506  to provide control information between them enabling coordinated transmission and reception to minimize interference. Both the first transceiver  504  and the second transceiver  506  can be connected to an application processor (AP)  502  that can provide higher layer functions, such requesting establishment and release of connections for various resident application services. Establishment of connections can include reception of signaling messages such as paging messages received through either of the transceivers  504 / 506  individually or through both transceivers  504 / 506  simultaneously. The transceivers  504 / 506  can provide lower layer functions such as reliable bit level transmission and reception that can support the communication of data messages for higher layer services controlled by the application processor  502 . 
     The first transceiver  504  can be connected to a first antenna  508  or to a second antenna  510 , and the second transceiver  506  can be connected similarly to the first antenna  508  or the second antenna  510  through a dual pole dual throw (DPDT) switch  512 . The use of multiple antennas for wireless communication protocols can provide improved performance (e.g. higher data rates or better immunity to interference) compared to a single antenna configuration. One of the antennas can provide a stronger signal than the other antenna, or both antennas can be used to receive signals simultaneously in order to improve signal reception and decoding in the mobile wireless device  102 . The DPDT switch can operate in one of two positions, either a “straight through” connection or a “crossed” configuration. Using the DPDT switch  512 , either transceiver  504 / 506  can be connected to either antenna  508 / 510 . Each transceiver  504 / 506  can be connected to a single antenna  508 / 510  at one time, and both transceivers  504 / 506  can be connected to separate antennas  508 / 510  and not be connected to the same antenna  508 / 510  simultaneously. 
       FIG. 6  illustrates a high level state transition diagram  600  for the mobile wireless device  102  (and for the mobile station  302  operating in the CDMA2000 wireless network  300 ) when associating and connecting with the wireless network  100 . The mobile wireless device  102  can initially be disconnected from the wireless network  100  and be in a powered off state  602 . After powering on, the mobile wireless device  102  can enter an initialization state  604  during which the mobile wireless device  102  can locate one or more radio sectors  104  (or equivalently cells) in the wireless network  100  with which the mobile wireless device  102  can associate and connect. The mobile wireless device  102  can know a frequency band in which to receive transmissions and can identify radio sectors  104  by searching for physical channels, such as pilot signals, broadcast by the wireless network  100 . The mobile wireless device  102  can register with the wireless network  100  to indicate its presence and thereby alert the wireless network  100  to its availability to initiate and to receive (terminate) connections. 
     After acquiring the wireless network  100 , the mobile wireless device  102  can enter an “idle” state  606 . For wireless networks  100  that support power saving modes, the idle state  606  can include periods of time in which portions of the mobile wireless device  102  can be powered down. The mobile wireless device  102  can be powered up during appropriate time intervals known to wireless network  100  in which to receive a page message from the wireless network. The page messages can include information broadcast to multiple mobile wireless devices  102  in the wireless network as well as specific messages intended for the particular mobile wireless device  102 . After receiving a page message, the mobile wireless device  102  can enter a system access state  608  during which it can establish radio resources with the wireless network  100  over which to communicate traffic (voice/video/data/messages) with the wireless network  100  in a traffic active state  610 . The active connection can subsequently be disconnected by the mobile wireless device  102  or the wireless network  100  and the mobile wireless device  102  can return from the traffic active state  610  to the idle state  606  to await pages for a future connection. 
       FIG. 7  illustrates a set  700  of sub-states through which the mobile wireless device  102  can traverse when executing the initialization state  604  of  FIG. 6 . After power up from the power off state  602 , the mobile wireless device  102  can enter the system determination sub-state  702 . In the system determination sub-state  702 , the mobile wireless device  102  can select a wireless network  100  as a wireless system to use. Following the selection of the wireless network  100  system, the mobile wireless device  102  can acquire the selected wireless network  100  system by searching for and acquiring a pilot channel in the pilot channel acquisition sub-state  704 . Once the pilot channel is acquired, the mobile wireless device  102  can enter a sync channel acquisition sub-state  704 . If no pilot channel is acquired by the mobile wireless device  102  within a pre-determined period of time while in the pilot channel acquisition sub-state  704 , the mobile wireless device  102  can return to the system determination sub-state  702  indicating a pilot acquisition failure. Following successful pilot acquisition, the mobile wireless device  102  can obtain system configuration and timing information from the wireless network  100  in the sync channel acquisition sub-state  704 . Once sync channel acquisition is complete, the mobile wireless device  102  can enter the timing adjustment sub-state  708  and can synchronize timing in the mobile wireless device  102  with the selected wireless network  100 . When system acquisition is complete, the mobile wireless device  102  can enter the idle state  606  and can monitor one or more signaling channels for signaling messages sent by the wireless network  100 . In a representative CDMA2000 wireless network embodiment, the mobile station  302  in the idle state  606  can monitor one or more channels that can include a paging channel (PCH), a quick paging channel (QPCH), a forward common control channel (F-CCCH) and a primary broadcast control channel (PBCH). The mobile station  302  can monitor the quick paging channel for page indicators that can determine when the mobile station  302  should listen to a parallel paging channel or forward common control channel for signaling messages. By listening to the quick paging channel during limited short time intervals only, the mobile station  302  can conserve power in the idle state  606  by powering down select internal components, such as analog receive circuitry, when not listening to the quick paging channel. 
       FIG. 8  illustrates a representative slotted mode  800  transmission scheme for the mobile station  302  operating in the CDMA2000 1x wireless network  300 . Transmissions on a paging channel (F-PCH) or a forward common control channel (F-CCCH) can be divided into a series of equal duration time slots  804 . Each PCH/F-CCCH slot  804  can extend for 80 ms, and a series of 2048 successive PCH/F-CCCH slots  804  can span a maximum slot cycle length of 2048×80 ms=163.84 seconds. The mobile station  302  can determine a slot number in the integer range from 0 to 2047 based on a pre-determined algorithm and can also determine a slot cycle length equal to T multiples of 1.28 seconds where T=2 i , and the integer i is a slot cycle index taken from a set of the integer values, e.g. {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}. For example, with a slot cycle index i=0, the mobile station  302  can be assigned slots  804  spaced 1 multiple of 1.28 s=16×80 ms time slots apart. With a slot cycle index i=2, the mobile station  302  can be assigned slots  804  spaced 2 2 =4 multiples of 1.28 s=64×80 ms time slots apart. When operating in a slotted mode in an idle state, the mobile station  302  can listen to the assigned PCH/F-CCCH time slots  804  and can sleep during the intervening PCH/F-CCCH time slots  804  to conserve battery power. As an assigned PCH/F-CCCH time slot  804  can be assigned to multiple mobile stations  302  in the wireless network  300 , the wireless network  300  can also transmit indicators on a quick paging channel (QPCH)  806  parallel to the paging channel. The indicators on the QPCH  806  channel can communicate to individual mobile stations  302  about the availability of a forthcoming message on the parallel PCH/F-CCCH  802  channel. 
     As shown in  FIG. 8 , the QPCH  806  channel can be divided into successive 80 ms QPCH slots  822  (each QPCH slot  822  having the same length as a corresponding PCH/F-CCCH slot  804 ), and each QPCH slot  822  can be divided into four contiguous 20 ms time intervals  808 . Indicators communicated in a QPCH slot  822  on the QPCH  806  channel can alert the mobile station  302  of the availability of signaling messages intended for the mobile station  302  in a subsequent PCH/F-CCCH slot  804  on the PCH/F-CCCH  802  channel. In a representative embodiment, the indicator transmitted in the QPCH slot  822  can be a single bit, which can be repeated in two separate non-contiguous time intervals  808  of the QPCH slot  822 . The mobile station  302  can monitor paging indicators in the assigned quick paging channel slots  822 , which can be offset in advance of the associated PCH/F-CCCH slot  804 . Two paging indicators can be transmitted in either QPCH intervals 1 and 3 or in QPCH intervals 2 and 4 of the QPCH slot  822 . A first QPCH page indicator PI1  810  for a first mobile station  302  (MS 1) can be transmitted in QPCH interval 1 and repeated as a second page indicator PI2  812  for the first mobile station  302  (MS 1) in QPCH interval 3. Similarly a first QPCH page indicator PI1  810  for a second mobile station  302  (MS 2) can be transmitted in QPCH interval 2 and repeated as a second page indicator PI2  812  for the second mobile station  302  (MS 2) in QPCH interval 4. The wireless network  300  can also transmit broadcast indicators (BCST IND)  818  and configuration change indicators (CONFIG CHG IND)  820  in the QPCH slot  822 . The broadcast and configuration change indicators can be directed to all mobile stations  302  currently associated with a radio sector  304  in the wireless network  300 . 
     The mobile station  302  can monitor the paging indicators  810 / 812  in an assigned QPCH slot  822  of the QPCH channel  806 , and when the mobile station  302  detects an “OFF” paging indicator bit value, the mobile station  302  can forgo monitoring the associated PCH/F-CCCH slot  804  of the PCH/F-CCCH  802  channel. When the mobile station  302  detects an “ON” paging indicator bit value in both the first paging indicator bit  810  and in the second paging indicator bit  812 , the mobile station  302  can monitor the associated PCH/F-CCCH slot  804  of the PCH/F-CCCH  802  channel for a paging (control/signaling) message. When the mobile station  302  detects an “ERASURE” paging indicator bit value (i.e. neither an unequivocal “ON” or unequivocal “OFF”), the mobile station  302  can monitor the associated PCH/F-CCCH slot  804  on the PCH/F-CCCH  802  channel, as the paging indicator bit value detected can be equivocal, neither indicating a presence nor indicating an absence of a signaling message on the immediately following PCH/F-CCCH slot  804  on the PCH/F-CCCH  802  channel. Monitoring paging indicator bits  810 / 812  on the QPCH channel  806  can conserve battery power, as the mobile station  302  can avoid monitoring the PCH/F-CCCH channel  802  when no intended signaling message exists. Monitoring for one or two bits on the QPCH channel  806  can consume less processing power than monitoring for an entire signaling message on the PCH/F-CCCH  802  channel. 
       FIG. 9  illustrates a slotted mode  900  of operation for a mobile station  302  on a PCH/F-CCCH  802  channel with a slot cycle  908  of 16 consecutive time slots. In a representative example as show, the mobile station  302  can be assigned the time slots numbered 2/18/34/ . . . in successive slot cycles  908 . When not monitoring the PCH/F-CCCH  802  channel directly, the mobile station  302  can “sleep” for most slots and “awaken” to reacquire the wireless network  300  to monitor the assigned slot in the slot cycle  908 . The mobile station  302  can be in a non-active state  902  outside of the assigned and immediate preceding PCH/F-CCCH  802  channel slots. For example, during slot 1, the mobile station  302  can awaken from a sleep state and can re-acquire the wireless network  300  prior to monitoring for and receiving a signaling message during slot 2 of the PCH/F-CCCH channel  802 . After receiving signals during the assigned slot, the mobile station  302  can return to the non-active state  902  and can later repeat the re-acquisition and reception for the assigned slot in each successive slot cycle  908  on the PCH/F-CCCH  802  channel. When monitoring an associated QPCH channel  806  (not shown), the mobile station  302  can sleep, re-acquire and receive indicator bits on the QPCH channel  806  in a similar manner to the slotted cyclic mode depicted in  FIG. 9  for the PCH/F-CCCH  802  channel. When received paging indicator bits so indicate, the mobile station  302  can receive signaling messages in the associated time slot on the PCH/F-CCCH channel  802 . (When the indicator bits are inconclusive, the mobile station  302  can also monitor the time slot in the PCH/F-CCCH channel  802  so as to not miss inadvertently an intended paging message.) When the indicator bits received on the QPCH channel  806  indicate no message on the PCH channel, then the mobile station  302  can avoid reading the PCH channel and can sleep in the non-active state  902  until the next slot cycle  908 . 
       FIG. 10A  illustrates a format  1000  for transmitting a layer 2 signaling PCH message  1006  in a PCH slot  1014  on the PCH/F-CCCH channel  802 . The layer 2 signaling PCH message  1006  can also be referred to as a layer 2 encapsulated protocol data unit (PDU). The PCH slot  1014  can include eight half-frames, each half-frame occupying 10 ms of the 80 ms PCH time slot  1014 . Each half-frame can include a synchronized capsule indicator (SCI) bit  1004 , which can indicate the start (SCI=1) or continuation (SCI=0) of the PCH message  1006 , followed by a half-frame body. Multiple half-frame bodies from separate half-frames can be assembled together to form a single PCH message  1006 . Within a single PCH time slot  1014 , multiple PCH messages  1006  can be contained. The PCH message  1006  can be formatted as shown in  FIG. 10A  to include a length segment  1008 , a body segment  1010  and a layer 2 cyclic redundancy check (CRC) segment  1012 . The length segment  1008  can indicate the number of bits/bytes in the PCH message  1006 , while the CRC segment  1012  can provide an error checking capability. The mobile station  302  can calculate a CRC based on the received PCH body  1010  and can compare the calculated CRC to the received CRC segment  1012 . The calculated CRC can match the received CRC segment  1012 , which can be considered a “correctly” received CRC, i.e. a CRC “Pass” determination, or can differ from the received CRC segment  1012 , which can be considered an “incorrectly” received CRC, i.e. a CRC “Fail” determination. An “incorrectly” received CRC “Fail” determination can indicate that one or more bit errors can exist in the received PCH body  1010  and thus the received and decoded PCH message  1006  can be considered unreliable. 
       FIG. 10B  illustrates a format  1020  for transmitting a layer 2 signaling F-CCCH message  1026  in an F-CCCH slot  1022  on the PCH/F-CCCH channel  802 . The layer 2 F-CCCH message  1026  resembles the layer 2 PCH message  1006  having a length segment  1028 , an F-CCCH body  1030  and a layer 2 CRC segment  1032 . The mobile station  302  can compare a calculated CRC to a received layer 2 CRC segment  1032  for the layer 2 F-CCCH message  1026  in the same manner as described for the PCH message  1006 . The layer 2 F-CCCH message  1026  can be segmented into a set of F-CCCH link access control (LAC) protocol data unit (PDU) fragments. A segmentation indicator (SI)  1024  can be appended to each F-CCCH LAC PDU fragment and several fragments can form a layer 1 F-CCCH frame. The layer 1 F-CCCH frame can be appended with an additional layer 1 CRC along with “k” tail bits for transmission in the F-CCCH slot  1022 . Each F-CCCH frame can have a duration of 5, 10 or 20 ms, and multiple F-CCCH frames can fit within an F-CCCH slot  1022  that can span 80 ms. 
     When the mobile station  302  operates in a slotted mode in the wireless network  300  with the QPCH  806  channel, the mobile station  302  can determine use of signals received from one or more antennas and receivers in the mobile station  302  based on observed decoding results for the QPCH paging indicator bits  810 / 812 . The mobile station  302  can select from which multiple antennas to receive signals as well as determine whether to receive signals through both antennas simultaneously based on measured values for the QPCH PI1 and PI2 bits  810 / 812 . In addition, the mobile station  302  can use other measured performance indicators, such as measured received signal strength and/or received signal quality to influence the number and selection of antennas and receivers to use as will be discussed further below. 
       FIG. 11  illustrates two different configurations  1100 / 1110  for connections between the multiple antennas  508 / 510  and the multiple transceivers  504 / 506  for the mobile wireless device  102  (or the mobile station  302 ). The DPDT switch  512  can connect the first antenna  508  and the second antenna  510  in a “straight through” configuration  1000  to the first transceiver  504  and the second transceiver  506  respectively. In addition, the DPDT switch  512  can connect the first antenna  508  and the second antenna  510  in a “crossed” configuration  1110  to the second transceiver  506  and the first transceiver  504  respectively. When the first and second transceivers  504 / 506  can both support the same communications protocol, the mobile wireless device  102  can be configured to receive signals in either configuration. When operating in a single transceiver mode, such as by powering up the first transceiver  504  and by powering down the second transceiver  506 , the DPDT switch  512  can be positioned to receive signals at the first transceiver  504  from either the first antenna  508  in the “straight through” configuration  1000  or the second antenna  510  in the “crossed” configuration  1110 . One configuration can be chosen over the other configuration based on an instantaneous or an averaged performance measure, e.g. a signal quality measure, a signal strength measure, a decoded bit quality measure or other similar performance measure. In one embodiment, decoded bit values received on the QPCH  806  channel can be used to determine which DPDT switch  512  configuration  1100  or  1110  can be used for decoding the QPCH  806  channel bit and also for receiving and decoding the associated PCH/F-CCCH  802  channel. 
       FIG. 12  illustrates a table  1200  of actions that can be taken by the mobile wireless device  102  for a PCH/F-CCCH  804  time slot of the PCH/F-CCCH  802  channel  102  based on decoded values of one or two associated paging indicator bits  810 / 812  received on the QPCH  806  channel. The mobile wireless device  102  can awaken from a sleep state and read the paging indicator bits on the QPCH  806  channel in order to determine whether to read a corresponding PCH/F-CCCH time slot  804  of the PCH/F-CCCH  802  channel. When the first paging indicator bit PI1  810  decodes to an “OFF” value (e.g. bit value=0), the mobile wireless device  102  can determine that no signaling message exists on the PCH/F-CCCH  802  channel to which the mobile wireless device  102  should listen. This conclusion can be made by the mobile wireless device  102  irrespective of a value read on the paging indicator channel PI2  812 . In an embodiment, when the first page indicator PI1 equals the “OFF” zero value, the mobile wireless device  102  can avoid reading the second page indicator PI2 to conserve additional battery power. The mobile wireless device  102  can return to a sleep state to conserve battery power without monitoring the second page indicator PI2 or the PCH/F-CCCH  802  channel. The mobile wireless device  102  can then re-awaken in the appropriate time slot of the next slot cycle to read the next received set of page indicator bits PI1  810  and PI2  812  on the QPCH  806  channel. When the first page indicator PI1  810  equals an “ON” value (e.g. bit value=1), the mobile wireless device  102  can read the second page indicator PI2  812  in addition to the first page indicator PI1  810  to determine a subsequent action. When the first page indicator PI1  810  equals an “ON” value and the second page indicator PI2  812  indicates an “OFF” value, the mobile wireless device  102  can conclude that no message exists on the PCH/F-CCCH  802  channel and sleep until the next slot cycle. Thus, when receiving an unequivocal “OFF” value in either the first page indicator PI1  810  or in the second page indicator PI2  812 , the mobile wireless device  102  can return to sleep to conserve battery power and not read the associated PCH/F-CCCH channel  802 . When both the first page indicator PI1  810  and the second PI2  812  page indicator decode to an “ON” value, the mobile wireless device  102  can receive and decode a signaling message (e.g. a paging message) on a corresponding PCH/F-CCCH time slot  804  of the PCH/F-CCCH channel  802 . The mobile wireless device  102  can use the same initial antenna to read the PCH/F-CCCH channel  802  as used to read the page indicators PI1/PI2  810 / 812  when both page indicator bits are “ON”. When at least one of the page indicator bits is an equivocal “ERASURE” value, the mobile wireless device  102  can take one of several different actions to resolve the uncertainty. 
     For a mobile wireless device  102  with a DPDT switch  512 , the first page indicator bit PI1  810  can be decoded using an initial antenna. Depending on the initial configuration of the DPDT switch  512  the initial antenna can be either the first antenna  508  or the second antenna  510 . In a representative embodiment, a default configuration for the DPDT switch  512  can be the “straight through” configuration  1100 , and the first antenna  508  can be considered a primary antenna through which signals are normally received, while the second antenna  510  can be considered a secondary antenna through which signals are received when warranted by a measured signal strength/quality and/or based on page indicator bit decode values. As indicated in the Table  1200  of  FIG. 12 , after decoding an “ON” bit value for both the first page indicator PI1  810  and the second page indicator PI2  812  received through the initial antenna, the mobile wireless device  102  can decode the parallel subsequent accompanying PCH/F-CCCH  802  channel also using the initial antenna. Similarly when the first page indicator PI1  810  decodes to an “ON” bit while the second page indicator PI2  812  decodes to an “Erasure” value, the mobile wireless device  102  can continue to use the initial antenna to receive and decode the PCH/F-CCCH  802  channel as there is no strong indication (i.e. no “OFF” received) that no message exists on the PCH/F-CCCH  802  channel. 
     When the first page indicator bit  810  decodes to an “Erasure” value (i.e. neither clearly an “ON” or “OFF” value), the mobile wireless device can use the DPDT switch  512  to receive signals selectively from the first or second antennas  508 / 510  when decoding the second page indicator bit PI2  812  and the subsequent PCH/F-CCCH  802  channel. In particular, when the first page indicator bit PI1  810  received through an initial antenna decodes to an “Erasure”, the mobile wireless device  102  can toggle the DPDT switch  512  to read the second page indicator bit PI2  812  through an alternate antenna. For example, the initial antenna can be the first antenna  508  connected to the first transceiver  504  with the DPDT switch in the “straight through” configuration  1100 , and decoding of the first page indicator bit PI1  810  as an “Erasure” can indicate poor signal quality received through the first antenna  508 . The mobile wireless device  102  can change the configuration of the DPDT switch  512  to the “crossed” configuration  1110  thereby connecting the second antenna  510  to the first transceiver  504 . Signals received through the second antenna  510  can be of higher quality than signals received through the first antenna  508 . The mobile wireless device  102  can then decode the second page indicator bit PI2  812  using the first transceiver  504  connected to the second antenna  510  as an alternate antenna. 
     When the mobile wireless device  102  decodes the second page indicator bit PI2  812  as an “OFF” value indicating no signaling message forthcoming, the mobile wireless device  102  can perform no decoding of the subsequent PCH/F-CCCH  802  channel. When the mobile wireless device  102  decodes the first page indicator bit PI1  810  as an “Erasure” value and the second page indicator bit PI2  812  as an “ON” value, the mobile wireless device  102  can decode the PCH/F-CCCH  802  channel using the alternate antenna, i.e. the same antenna as used to decode the second page indicator bit PI2  812  rather than through the initial antenna used to decode the first page indicator bit PI1  810 . The unequivocal “ON” value received through the alternate antenna can indicate a better received signal than the equivocal “Erasure” value received through the initial antenna. When the mobile wireless device  102  decodes both the first page indicator bit PI1  810  as an “Erasure” through the initial antenna and the second page indicator bit PI2  812  also as an “Erasure” through the alternate antenna, the mobile wireless device  102  can toggle the DPDT switch  512  back to the initial antenna and subsequently decode the PCH/F-CCCH  802  channel using signals received through the initial antenna. The pair of “Erasure” values for the page indicator bits PI1  810  and PI2  812  can provide no definite indication of the presence or absence of a signaling message on the PCH/F-CCCH  802  channel. To avoid missing a signaling message that can exist on the PCH/F-CCCH  802  channel, the mobile wireless device  102  can attempt a decode of the PCH/F-CCCH  802  channel through the initial antenna (neither antenna providing a distinct measureable advantage based on the received page indicator bits PI1/PI2  810 / 812 ). 
       FIG. 13A  illustrates a representative embodiment of a method  1300  to enable receive diversity in the mobile wireless device  102  during a discontinuous reception (DRX) slot cycle based on measured values for quick paging channel page indicator bits  810 / 812  and decoding results for the layer 2 CRC segment  1012  of the PCH message  1006 . (The same method can apply to the discontinuous reception of F-CCCH messages  1026  with layer 2 CRC segments  1032 .) In step  1302 , the mobile wireless device  102  can awaken and re-acquire the wireless network  100  using an initial antenna. In a representative embodiment, the initial antenna can be a primary “preferred” antenna, while in another representative embodiment, the initial antenna can be a most recently used antenna. In step  1304 , the mobile wireless device can compare a measured downlink signal quality to a pre-determined threshold. In a representative embodiment, the downlink signal quality can be measured using a received downlink signal strength, such as a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) or a received signal code power (RSCP), or using a received downlink signal quality, such as a measured signal (code power) to noise/interference ratio (EcIo) or signal to noise ratio (SNR). The downlink signal quality measurement can include filtering measured values to smooth instantaneous variation in measured values that can occur over short time periods. Thus, the downlink signal quality can be a “filtered” measured downlink signal quality. When the downlink signal quality exceeds the pre-determined threshold, the mobile wireless device  102  can subsequently decode page indicators  810 / 812  received on a quick paging channel  806  in step  1306 . When the downlink signal quality does not exceed the pre-determined threshold, the mobile wireless device  102  can conclude that the page indicators can be unreliable (due to the poor received downlink signal quality) and can instead directly decode the paging channel using an initial antenna in step  1312  irrespective of what the page indicators can indicate. 
     Following decoding of the quick paging channel  806  page indicators  810 / 812  in step  1306 , the mobile wireless device  102  can determine in step  1308  if either the first page indicator  810  or the second page indicator  812  decodes to an “OFF” value. When either the first page indicator  810  or the second page indicator  812  decodes to an “OFF” value as determined in step  1308 , the mobile wireless device  102  can return to sleep in step  1322 . When neither the first page indicator  810  nor the second page indicator  812  decodes to an “OFF” value, the mobile wireless device can subsequently determine with which antenna to decode the paging channel  802  based on the value decoded on the first page indicator  810 . When the first page indicator  810  does not decode to an “erasure” value, the mobile wireless device  102  can decode the paging (PCH/F-CCCH) channel  802  in step  1314  using the initial antenna. When the first page indicator  810  decodes to an “erasure” value, then the mobile wireless device  102  can decode the paging channel  802  in step  1312  using an alternate antenna. 
     In step  1316 , the mobile wireless device  102  can determine if a CRC segment  1012  of a signaling (paging) message  1006  received on the paging channel  802  correctly decodes as a “Pass”. When the CRC segment  1012  of the signaling message  1006  decodes to a “Pass”, the mobile wireless device  102  can determine in step  1318  if at least one CRC segment  1012  of a previously decoded signaling message  1006  received on the paging channel  802  during the same wake cycle decodes to a CRC “Fail”. When the mobile wireless device  102  determines at least one CRC “Fail” is decoded in the current wake cycle and also that one CRC “Pass” is decoded in the current wake cycle, the mobile wireless device  102  can enable full receive diversity in step  1320 . The decoded CRC “Fail” can indicate a poor receive signal quality condition that can warrant improving signal reception by using receive diversity through multiple antennas. Full receive diversity can include connecting multiple antennas  508 / 510  to multiple transceivers  504 / 506  in the mobile wireless device  102  to permit decoding of signals received through more than one antenna  508 / 510  during the next wake cycle. In step  1320 , during the next wake cycle, the mobile wireless device  102  can also ignore the quick paging channel  806  (QPCH) and directly decoding the paging channel  802  using full diversity without decoding page indicator bits  810 / 812  on the paging channel  802 . When the mobile wireless device  102  decodes a CRC “Pass” in step  1316  and does not decode a CRC “Fail” in the current wake cycle in step  1318 , the mobile wireless device  102  can return to a sleep state in step  1322  without enabling receive diversity. The mobile wireless device  102  can then repeat the method from step  1302  in a wake portion of a subsequent DRX cycle. 
     The mobile wireless device  102  can decode the paging channel PCH/F-CCCH  802  in steps  1312  and  1314  and continuously look for a received signaling message that decodes with a “Pass” CRC. When the mobile wireless device  102  does not decode a CRC “Pass”, in step  1324 , the mobile wireless device  102  can determine if a persistent CRC “Fail” condition exists or whether no CRC can be detected (CRC “Absence”). In a representative embodiment, persistent CRC “Failure” can be determined when decoding messages on the paging channel  802  that continuously result in CRC decoding failures for a pre-determined period of time or a pre-determined number of consecutive CRC decoding failures. CRC “absence” can occur when no CRC can be detected on the paging channel  802  by the mobile wireless device  102  for a pre-determined period of time. When the mobile wireless device  102  detects persistent CRC failure of a CRC absence in step  1324 , the mobile wireless device  102  in step  1326  can enable full receive diversity and continue decoding of the paging channel  802  during the current wake cycle as shown in  FIG. 13B  by connecting through the circle labeled “FD”. Decoding of the paging channel  802  in steps  1312  and  1314  of  FIG. 13A  can use a single antenna (e.g.  508  or  510 ) initially, while decoding of the paging channel  802  in step  1326  of  FIG. 13B  can use multiple antennas (e.g.  508  and  510 ) simultaneously to improve signal detection when receive signal conditions can be poor. When the mobile wireless device  102  does not decode a CRC “Pass” in step  1316  and subsequently does not detect persistent CRC failure or absence in step  1324 , the mobile wireless device can continue to decode the paging channel  802  using a single antenna (either the initial antenna or the alternate antenna as chosen when entering step  1316 ) and return to check for a successful CRC “Pass” decode in step  1316 . 
     In  FIG. 13B , the mobile wireless device  102  can continue decoding the paging channel step  1326  during the current wake cycle using multiple antennas (e.g.  508  and  510 ) simultaneously. This decoding with multiple antennas can be referred to as full antenna diversity. Using full antenna diversity can improve received signal quality and therefore can improve the probability of error free decoding of the paging channel messages. When a CRC is decoded, the mobile wireless device in step  1330  can determine if a CRC “Pass” has been decoded during the current wake cycle and also been decoded for a number of previous consecutive wake cycles. When multiple consecutive wake cycles decode with a correct CRC “Pass”, the mobile wireless device can revert to using a single antenna during the next wake cycle as indicated in step  1332  and subsequently sleep in step  1336 . When an incorrect CRC “Fail” is decoded in the current wake cycle or when a pre-determined number of consecutive wake cycles have not decoded a correct CRC “Pass”, then the mobile wireless device  102  can continue to use multiple antennas (i.e. full antenna diversity) in the next wake cycle as indicated in step  1334  and return to sleep in step  1336 . As indicated in  FIG. 13A , full antenna diversity can be enabled following at least one CRC failure during a wake cycle (even when at least one CRC pass can also occur during the same wake cycle). Full antenna diversity can also be enabled when persistent CRC failure or CRC absence occurs. The mobile wireless device  102  can return to using single antenna for decoding after a repeated CRC pass occurs for a pre-determined number of consecutive wake cycles. 
     The method  1300  outlined in  FIGS. 13A and 13B  provides several distinct results that balance performance with power consumption in selectively enabling receive diversity. Single bit page indicators PI1/PI2  810 / 812  can be read when received downlink signal quality is good and ignored when received downlink signal quality is poor. Thus power can be not wasted to read unreliable poor quality page indicators. An “OFF” detected on the first page indicator PI1  810  or on the second page indicator PI2  812  can return the mobile wireless device  102  to a sleep state to conserve power and not read the accompanying paging channel  802  during the DRX cycle. An erasure detected on the first page indicator PI1  810  can result in switching between an initial antenna and an alternate antenna, thereby decoding through an alternate path that can have superior signal quality while still using only one antenna and one transceiver (which can consume less power than multiple antennas and multiple receivers). The paging channel  802  can be decoded using signals received through a single antenna, and decoding of the page indicators  810 / 812  can provide an indication of signal quality received through the single antenna and thus can determine which single antenna to use when decoding the paging channel  802 . When persistently unable to detect a “Pass” CRC on a paging channel  802  through a single antenna, the mobile wireless device  102  can enable receive diversity to receive signals through multiple antennas and continuing decoding of the paging channel  802  during the current wake portion of the DRX cycle. While consuming additional power, the use of multiple antennas can provide more reliable reception of the paging channel  802  during poor signal conditions. When decoding at least one “Fail” CRC and one “Pass” CRC using a single antenna in the wake portion of a DRX cycle, the mobile wireless device  102  can enable receive diversity during the next wake portion of a subsequent DRX cycle to improve detection and decoding of the paging channel  802 . The quick paging channel  806  can be ignored when using receive diversity and the paging channel  802  can be read directly, as receive diversity can be enabled specifically when poor receive signal quality can exist, under which conditions single bit page indicators  810 / 812  can be considered less reliable. 
       FIGS. 14 to 19  outline a second detailed method  1400  to  1900  to adapt receive diversity in the mobile wireless device  102  during discontinuous reception. The steps illustrated in  FIGS. 14 to 19  are interconnected through the circle entry and exit points labeled with letters A through H. The mobile wireless device  102  can cycle between a sleep state and a wake state in the discontinuous reception (DRX) mode of operation. The wake portion can include monitoring a paging channel  802  that can contain paging messages  1006  and a quick paging channel  806  that can provide paging indicators  810 / 812 . The mobile wireless device  102  can be in one of five different states S1 to S5 during the sleep portion of a DRX cycle. When the mobile wireless device  102  awakens from sleep, the mobile wireless device can be in one of the five different states S1 to S5, and awakening in each state can result in a different sequence of steps as outlined in  FIGS. 14 to 18  for states S1 to S5 respectively. 
     From state S1 in  FIG. 14 , the mobile wireless device  102  can decode the paging channel  802  directly using a primary antenna without reading page indicator bits  810 / 812  on the quick paging channel  806 . From state S2 in  FIG. 15 , the mobile wireless device  102  can decode page indicator bits  810 / 812  on the quick paging channel  806  using the primary antenna to determine whether to decode the paging channel  802  (and to determine which antenna to use for the subsequent decoding of the paging channel  802 ). State S3 in  FIG. 16  can be considered similar to state S2 in  FIG. 15  except the mobile wireless device  102  can use a secondary antenna in place of the primary antenna initially. In particular, from state S3 in  FIG. 16 , the mobile wireless device  102  can decode page indicator bits  810 / 812  on the quick paging channel  806  using the secondary antenna to determine whether to decode the paging channel  802  (and to determine which antenna to use for the subsequent decoding of the paging channel  802 ). State S4 in  FIG. 17  can be considered similar to state S1 in  FIG. 14  except that the mobile wireless device  102  can use a secondary antenna in place of the primary antenna initially. From state S4 in  FIG. 17 , the mobile wireless device  102  can decode the paging channel  802  directly using a secondary antenna without reading page indicator bits  810 / 812  on the quick paging channel  806 . From state S5 in  FIG. 18 , the mobile wireless device can decode the paging channel  802  directly using full receive diversity through both the primary and secondary antennas together. 
     Returning to  FIG. 14 , in step  1402 , the mobile wireless device  102  can awaken in state S1, and in step  1404 , the mobile wireless device  102  can re-acquire the wireless network  100  using a primary antenna. The primary antenna can be a default antenna connected to a default receiver in the mobile wireless device  102 . Re-acquisition can include detecting signals and aligning synchronization timing with a previously detected cell in the wireless network  100 . In step  1406 , the mobile wireless device  102  can decode the paging channel  802  directly using signals received through the primary antenna. In step  1408 , the mobile wireless device  102  can determine if a paging channel message has been received on the paging channel  802  and decoded with a correct “Pass” CRC. When no paging channel message is received with a correct “Pass” CRC, the mobile wireless device can determine in step  1424  if a paging channel message has been received and decoded with an incorrect “Fail” CRC. If no paging channel message has been received with a correct “Pass” CRC or an incorrect “Fail” CRC, the mobile wireless device in step  1422  can determine if no paging channel message has been received with a correct “Pass” CRC for a predetermined period of time of T1 seconds. The determination in step  1422  of a continuous time period of T1 seconds with no “Pass” CRC can be implemented with a countdown timer. The countdown timer can be initialized to T1 seconds when decoding of the paging channel  802  in step  1406  begins, and the countdown timer can be reset to T1 seconds when a correct “Pass” CRC is received as determined in step  1408 . When T1 seconds of decoding the paging channel  802  results in no CRC Pass (and no CRC Fail), the mobile wireless device  102  can transition to step  1428  and enable full receiver diversity. With full receive diversity enabled, the mobile wireless device  102  can receive signals through both the primary antenna and the secondary antennas. In a representative embodiment, the primary antenna can be connected to one transceiver and the secondary antenna can be connected to a second transceiver through a dual pole dual throw switch  512  in the mobile wireless device  102 . With full receive diversity enabled, the mobile wireless device  102  can continue decoding the paging channel  802  as indicated in  FIG. 14  by transitioning through the circle “C” to step  1806  shown in  FIG. 18 . 
     The cycle of steps  1406  to  1408  to  1424  to  1422  and back to  1406  in  FIG. 14  can provide a continuous decoding of the paging channel  802  by the mobile wireless device  102  using the primary antenna to search for a paging channel message  1006  with a “Pass” CRC. After receiving a paging channel message  1006  with a CRC Fail as determined in step  1424 , the mobile wireless device  102  can determine if a number (X1) of consecutive paging messages  1006  have been received with CRC Fail. When X1 consecutive CRC failures have occurred, the mobile wireless device  102  can transition to full received diversity in step  1428  to continue decoding of the paging channel  802  using signals received from multiple antennas. When X1 consecutive CRC failures have not yet occurred as determined in step  1426 , the mobile wireless device  102  can transition to step  1422  to determine if no paging channel messages  1006  have been received within a predetermined T1 seconds of decoding the paging channel  802 . The steps  1426  and  1428  can provide a determination of poor signal reception when multiple consecutive “incorrect” CRC are received or when no “correct” CRC is received within a pre-determined period of time. Decoding with multiple antennas, i.e. with full receive diversity, can improve signal reception and thus improve decoding of the paging channel  802 . 
     When the mobile wireless device  102  receives a paging channel message  1006  with a “correct” CRC Pass and no additional paging channel messages  1006  are expected in the current wake cycle (i.e. mobile wireless device  102  does not need to receive until the next wake cycle), the mobile wireless device  102  can determine in step  1410  if one or more previous paging channel messages  1006  was decoded with an “incorrect” CRC Fail during the current wake portion of the DRX cycle. When receiving at least one “incorrect” CRC Fail as determined in step  1410  and a “correct” CRC Pass as determined in step  1408  during decoding of the paging channel  802  in a single wake portion of the current DRX cycle, the mobile wireless device  102  can transition to step  1418  and re-initialize a discontinuous reception (DRX) counter followed by returning to sleep in step  1420  in state S5. When the mobile wireless device  102  wakens from state S5 for a next wake portion of a DRX cycle to decode the paging channel, the mobile wireless device will execute step  1802  shown in  FIG. 18 . The reception of a paging channel message  1006  with an incorrect CRC Fail can indicate a lower level of signal quality. As such, the mobile wireless device  102  can awaken in the next DRX cycle using receive diversity to improve signal reception. 
     After receiving a paging channel message  1006  with a correct CRC Pass in step  1408  and when not receiving a paging channel message  1006  with an incorrect CRC Fail (in steps  1424  or  1420 ), the mobile wireless device  102  can compare a receive signal quality to a pre-determined first threshold in step  1412 . The receive signal quality can be a measure of signal quality such as a receive signal code power to noise/interference ration (EcIo) and can be a filtered measure that averages measurements of receive signal quality over a period of time. When the receive signal quality does not exceed the pre-determined first threshold in step  1412 , the mobile wireless device  102  can return to sleep in state S1 in step  1414 . When the mobile wireless device  102  re-awakens in state S1 during the next DRX cycle, the mobile wireless device  102  can repeat the method steps outlined in  FIG. 14  from the initial step  1402 . A lower level of receive signal quality can indicate that decoding the paging channel  802  directly without decoding the quick paging channel indicator bits  810 / 812  can be preferred. When the receive signal quality exceeds the pre-determined first threshold in step  1412 , the mobile wireless device  102  can sleep in state S2 in step  1416 . Awakening from sleep in a wake portion of a subsequent DRX cycle, the mobile wireless device  102  can continue as shown next in  FIG. 15 . 
       FIG. 15  illustrates a series of steps  1500  that the mobile wireless device  102  can take when awakening from sleep in state S2 in step  1502 . The mobile wireless device  102  can re-acquire the wireless network  100  using signals received through the primary antenna in step  1504 . The mobile wireless device  102  can then receive signals on a quick paging channel  806 , and in particular decode a first page indicator  810  using signals received through the primary antenna in step  1506 . The received first page indicator  810  can be a single bit that can be interpreted as one of three possible values, a “zero” value, a “one” value and an “erasure” value. (Note that the “zero” value for an “OFF” indication of no paging message  1006  and a “one” value for an “ON” indication of a paging message  1006  is arbitrary and can alternatively be swapped, i.e. “OFF” could be a “one” value and “ON” could be a “zero” value.) The mobile wireless device  102  can determine the value of the received first page indicator  810  in steps  1508 ,  1510  and  1520 . When the first page indicator bit  810  decodes to a zero value in step  1508 , which can indicate no paging message  1006  for the mobile wireless device  102  on the parallel paging channel  802 , the mobile wireless device  102  can exit decoding of the quick paging channel  806  and can directly determine a next sleep state based on the receive signal quality by re-entering step  1412  in  FIG. 12  as indicated by the circle “B”. When the first page indicator  810  decodes to an “erasure” in step  1520 , the mobile wireless device  102  can determine that the current antenna in use (the primary antenna) can be unreliable and can toggle the DPDT switch in step  1522  to route signals from the secondary antenna to the receiver. The mobile wireless device  102  can then continue decoding of the quick paging channel  806  using the secondary antenna by entering step  1612  as indicated by the circle “E” in  FIG. 16 . 
     When the first page indicator  810  decodes to a “one” value in step  1510 , the mobile wireless device  102  can optionally sleep and subsequently reacquire the wireless network  100  on the primary antenna in step  1512  and decode a received second page indicator  812  through the primary antenna in step  1514 . As with the first page indicator bit  810 , the received second page indicator  812  can be a single bit that can be interpreted as a “zero”, a “one” or an “erasure”. When the second page indicator  812  decodes to a “zero” in step  1516 , the mobile wireless device  102  can exit decoding of the quick paging channel  806  and can directly determine a next sleep state based on the receive signal quality by re-entering step  1412  in  FIG. 12  as indicated by the circle “B”. Thus when a single page indicator bit  810  is unequivocally received as a “zero” value indicating that no paging message  1006  is intended for the mobile wireless device  102  on the paging channel  802 , the mobile wireless device  102  can return to a sleep state. The quality of the received signal quality can be used to determine in which state to sleep and subsequently re-awaken. Page indicators  801 / 812  on the quick paging channel  806  can be considered more reliable and therefore merit decoding when signal quality is high and less reliable and therefore warrant not decoding when signal quality is low. 
     When the second page indicator  812  decodes to a “one” value in step  1518 , the mobile wireless device  102  can transition as indicated by the circle “A” to step  1404  in  FIG. 14  in order to decode the paging channel  802  using the primary antenna as previously described above. When the second page indicator  812  decodes to an “erasure” value in step  1524  and when the first page indicator  810  decodes to an “erasure” value in step  1526 , the mobile wireless device  102  can toggle the DPDT switch in step  1528  and transition through the circle “F” to step to step  1704  in  FIG. 17  to decode the paging channel  802  using the secondary antenna. When the first page indicator  810  does not decode to an “erasure” in step  1526 , the mobile wireless device  102  can transition through the circle “A” to step  1404  in  FIG. 14  to decode the paging channel  802  using the primary antenna.  FIG. 15  illustrates the mobile wireless device  102  using the page indicator bit  810 / 812  decoded values to determine whether to decode the paging channel  802  and which antenna to use for the decoding of the paging channel  802 . In  FIG. 15 , the mobile wireless device  102  starts decoding the page indicators  810 / 812  using the primary antenna, while in  FIG. 16 , the mobile wireless device  102  starts decoding the page indicators  810 / 812  using the secondary antenna. 
       FIG. 16  illustrates a series of steps that the mobile wireless device  102  can take when awakening from sleep in state S3 in step  1602 . The mobile wireless device  102  can reacquire the wireless network  100  in step  1604  using signals received through the secondary antenna. The mobile wireless device  102  can then decode the first page indicator  810  received through the secondary antenna in step  1606  and subsequently can determine its value. When the first page indicator  810  decodes to a “zero” value in step  1608 , the mobile wireless device  102  can conclude no signaling (paging) message  1006  exists on the paging channel  802  and can transition through the circle “G” to return to a sleep state based on a received signal quality starting in step  1712  of  FIG. 17 . The received signal quality can be compared to a pre-determined first threshold as indicated in step  1712 . When the received signal quality exceeds the first threshold in step  1712 , the mobile wireless device  102  can return to sleep in state S3 in step  1716 . When the received signal quality does not exceed the first threshold in step  1712 , the mobile wireless device  102  can sleep in state S4 in step  1714 . 
     Returning to  FIG. 16 , when the received first page indicator  810  decodes to a “one” value in step  1610 , the mobile wireless device  102  can optionally sleep (not shown) and then can re-acquire the wireless network  100  using signals received through the secondary antenna in step  1612 . The mobile wireless device  102  can subsequently decode a second page indicator  812  received through the secondary antenna in step  1614  and determine its value. When the received second page indicator  812  decodes to a “zero” value in step  1616 , the mobile wireless device  102  can conclude there is no forthcoming paging channel message  1006 . The mobile wireless device  102  can transition through the circle “G” to return to sleep based on the received signal quality as determined in step  1712  of  FIG. 17 . 
     When the received second page indicator  812  decodes instead to a “one” value in step  1618 , the mobile wireless device  102  can decode the paging channel  802  based on signals received through the secondary antenna by transitioning through the circle “F” to step  1704  in  FIG. 17 . Otherwise, when the received second page indicator  812  decodes to an “erasure” value in step  1624  and the received first page indicator  810  also decodes to an “erasure” in step  1626 , the mobile wireless device  102  can toggle the antenna switch back to the primary antenna from the secondary antenna in step  1628  and transition through the circle “A” to step  1404  of  FIG. 14  to decode the paging channel  802  using the primary antenna. When the received second page indicator  812  decodes to an “erasure” value in step  1624  and the received first page indicator  810  does not decode to an “erasure” in step  1626 , the mobile wireless device  102  can transition through circle “F” to decode the paging channel  802  using signals received through the secondary antenna starting in step  1704  of  FIG. 17 . 
     When the received first page indicator  810  does not decode to a “zero” in step  1608  and does not decode to a “one” in step  1610 , the mobile wireless device  102  can conclude the first page indicator  810  decodes to an “erasure” in step  1620 . Receipt of the first page indicator  810  with an “erasure” can indicate poor signal quality received through the secondary antenna. In response, the mobile wireless device  102  can toggle the DPDT switch in step  1622  from the secondary antenna to the primary antenna and transition through circle “D” to step  1512  in  FIG. 15  to decode the second page indicator  812  using the primary antenna. An “erasure” on the first page indicator  810  can cause the DPDT switch to toggle once to attempt decoding of the second page indicator  812  on a different antenna from the antenna used for decoding the first page indicator  810 . A second “erasure” on the second page indicator  810  can cause the DPDT switch to toggle back again to the primary antenna before decoding the paging channel  802  or returning to sleep. An “erasure” on the second page indicator  812  only without an “erasure” on the first page indicator  810  can result in no change in the DPDT switch with the same antenna used for decoding both page indicators  810 / 812  and the associated paging channel  802 . 
       FIG. 17  illustrates a series of steps  1700  similar to those illustrated in  FIG. 14  except the mobile wireless device  102  awakens in state S4 in step  1702  and re-acquires the wireless network  100  on the secondary antenna in step  1704 . ( FIG. 14  starts with the mobile wireless device  102  using the primary antenna first.) In step  1706 , the mobile wireless device  102  can begin decoding the paging channel  802  using signals received through the secondary antenna. The mobile wireless device  102  can continue to decoding the paging channel  802  checking for a paging channel message  1006  and determining a CRC “Pass” or “Fail” condition in steps  1708  and  1724 . When the mobile wireless device  102  receives a paging channel message  1006  that decodes with a correct “Pass” CRC and confirms that there are no more paging channel messages  1006  expected during the current wake cycle, the mobile wireless device  102  can stop decoding the paging channel  802  and return to a sleep state. The sleep state to which the mobile wireless device  102  returns can depend on whether a paging message  1006  was received in the current wake cycle with an incorrect “Fail” CRC as determined in step  1710 . If the mobile wireless device  102  receives both a correct “Pass” CRC and at least one incorrect “Fail” CRC during the same wake portion of the DRX cycle when decoding the paging channel  802 , the mobile wireless device  102  can re-initialize a DRX counter in step  1718  and sleep in state S5 in step  1720 . When awakening from state S5, the mobile wireless device  102  can use full receive diversity (i.e. signals received from multiple antennas) to decode the paging channel  802  to improve signal detection and decoding. When the mobile wireless device  102  receives a paging channel message  1006  with a correct “Pass” CRC in step  1708  and does not receive a paging channel message  1006  with an incorrect “Fail” CRC in the same wake portion of the DRX cycle, the mobile wireless device  102  can return to a sleep state based on a receive signal quality determination in step  1712 . When the receive signal quality exceeds the first pre-determined threshold in step  1712 , the mobile wireless device  102  can return to sleep in state S3, out of which the mobile wireless device  102  can decode paging indicators  810 / 812  on the quick paging channel  806 . When the receive signal quality does not exceed the first pre-determined threshold in step  1712 , the mobile wireless device  102  can return to sleep in state S4, from which the mobile wireless device  102  can decode the paging channel  802  directly and can ignore the quick paging channel  806 . 
     The mobile wireless device  102  can cycle through steps  1706 ,  1708 ,  1724  and  1722  when decoding the paging channel  802  on the secondary antenna in search of a paging channel message  1006  received with a correct “Pass” CRC. A paging channel decoding countdown timer can be started at a predetermined value of T1 seconds when beginning the decoding of the paging channel  802  on the secondary antenna in step  1706 . The paging channel decoding countdown timer can be reset to the predetermined value of T1 seconds whenever a correct “Pass” CRC for a paging channel message  1006  is received. When no paging channel message  1006  is received by the mobile wireless device  102  with a “Pass” CRC for a period of T1 seconds of decoding the paging channel  802  as determined in step  1722 , the mobile wireless device  102  can enable full receive diversity to use multiple antennas in step  1728 . The mobile wireless device  102  can subsequently continue to decode the paging channel  802  with full receive diversity by transitioning through circle “C” to step  1806  in  FIG. 18 . The mobile wireless device  102  can also keep track of the number of paging channel messages  1006  received during a wake portion of a current DRX cycle that decode with an incorrect “Fail” CRC. When the mobile wireless device  102  receives a number (X1) of consecutive paging messages  1006  with an incorrect “Fail” CRC as determined in step  1726 , the mobile wireless device  102  can enable full diversity in step  1728  and continue decoding with full diversity in step  1806  of  FIG. 18 . After decoding the paging channel  802  continuously without detecting a CRC “Pass” or detecting multiple consecutive CRC “Fail”, the mobile wireless device  102  can conclude that signal quality received through the single secondary antenna can be insufficient. By enabling full receive diversity with multiple antennas in step  1728 , the mobile wireless device  102  can improve the receive signal quality and thus improve detection and decoding of paging channel messages  1006  received on the paging channel  802 . 
       FIG. 18  illustrates a series of steps  1800  that the mobile wireless device  102  can perform to decode the paging channel  802  with full receive diversity through multiple antennas. In step  1802 , the mobile wireless device  102  can awaken in state S5, and in step  1804 , the mobile wireless device  102  can re-acquire the wireless network  100  with full diversity using signals received through both the primary antenna and the secondary antennas. In step  1806 , the mobile wireless device  102  can decode the paging channel  802  with full receive diversity continuously searching for paging channel messages  1006  with a correct “Pass” CRC. When the mobile wireless device  102  receives a paging channel message  1006  with a correct “Pass” CRC as determined in step  1808  and when the mobile wireless device  102  confirms that there is no additional paging channel messages  1006  expected in the current wake cycle, the mobile wireless device  102  can decrement a DRX counter in step  1810 . The DRX counter can have been re-initialized in step  1418 / 1718 / 1826  before returning to sleep  1420 / 1720 / 1828  in state S5 from which the mobile wireless device  102  awakens in step  1802 . The DRX counter can count down a number of DRX cycles in which the mobile wireless device  102  successfully decodes a paging channel message  1006  with a correct “Pass” CRC while using full receive diversity. The DRX counter can provide a form of hysteresis, in which the mobile wireless device  102  can continue to use full receive diversity with multiple antennas to decode the paging channel  802  for a pre-determined number of consecutive wake cycles with successful “Pass” CRC and without an incorrect “Fail” CRC before returning to using only a single antenna. When the DRX counter does not equal zero as determined in step  1812 , the mobile wireless device  102  can sleep in state S5 as indicated in step  1828 . 
     When the DRX counter does equal zero as determined in step  1812 , the mobile wireless device  102  can use both a receive signal quality and a receive signal strength to determine in which state to sleep before re-awakening in a subsequent DRX cycle. In a representative embodiment, the receive signal quality can be a measure of received signal code power divided by the total receive noise and interference level (EcIo). The receive signal strength can be a receive signal code power (RSCP) or measured received pilot strength or another similar measure of receive signal power monitored by the mobile wireless device  102 . Both the receive signal strength and the receive signal quality can be filtered over time to smooth out instantaneous measurement variation. When the receive signal quality exceeds a pre-determined first threshold in step  1814 , the mobile wireless device  102  can sleep in a state out of which a single antenna can be subsequently used for monitoring page indicators  810 / 812  on the quick paging channel  806 . The mobile wireless device  102  can select between the primary antenna and the secondary antenna by comparing a signal strength delta (difference) between a signal strength measured on the secondary antenna and a signal strength measured on the primary antenna. The signal strength delta can be compared to a pre-determined second threshold in step  1816 . When the signal strength delta exceeds the pre-determined second threshold in step  1816 , the mobile wireless device  102  can sleep in state S3 as shown in step  1818 . (From state S3, the mobile wireless device  102  can awaken to use signals received on the secondary antenna as shown in  FIG. 16 .) When the signal strength delta does not exceed the pre-determined second threshold in step  1816 , the mobile wireless device  102  can sleep in state S2 as indicated in step  1820 . (From state S2, the mobile wireless device  102  can awaken to use signals received on the primary antenna as shown in  FIG. 15 .) 
     When the receive signal quality does not exceed the pre-determined first threshold in step  1814 , the mobile wireless device  102  can sleep in a state out of which a single antenna can be subsequently used for monitoring the paging channel  802  directly and can skip over monitoring the paging indicators  810 / 812  on the quick paging channel  806 . The calculated signal strength delta can be used to select in which state to sleep and from which state to awaken in the next cycle. When the signal strength delta exceeds the pre-determined second threshold in step  1830 , the mobile wireless device  102  can sleep in state S4 as shown in step  1832 . (From state S4, the mobile wireless device  102  can awaken to use signals received on the secondary antenna as shown in  FIG. 17 .) When the signal strength delta does not exceed the pre-determined second threshold in step  1830 , the mobile wireless device  102  can sleep in state S1 as indicated in step  1834 . (From state S1, the mobile wireless device  102  can awaken to use signals received on the primary antenna as shown in  FIG. 14 .) The measured (and filtered) receive signal quality can be thus used to select whether to decode page indicators  810 / 812  in the wake portion of the next DRX cycle or to decode the paging channel  802  directly. The measured (and filtered) receive signal strength delta (a measure of a difference in signal strengths received through the two antennas) can be used to select which of the two antennas to decode in the next DRX cycle. 
     When the mobile wireless device  102  receives a paging channel message  1006  that decodes with an incorrect CRC “Fail” in step  1824 , the DRX counter can be re-initialized in step  1826 , and the mobile wireless device  102  can return to sleep in state S5 as indicated in step  1828 . The DRX counter can be re-initialized each time an incorrect CRC “Fail” is detected while decoding the paging channel  802  with full receive diversity to keep the mobile wireless device  102  in state S5 until receive signal quality improves (as measured by a number of wake cycles with successful CRC “Pass” detections.) When continuously decoding the paging channel  802  with full diversity, a decoding timer can be started when entering step  1806 . The decoding timer can run while the mobile wireless device  102  traverses the cycle of steps  106  to  1808  to  1824  to  1822  and back to  1806  again. The decoding timer can be reset whenever a correct CRC “Pass” is detected. When the decoding timer expires in step  1822 , the mobile wireless device  102  is unable to receive a paging channel message  1006  with any detected CRC for a continuous pre-determined period of time, even when using full receive diversity with signals received through both the primary and secondary antennas. In this circumstance, the mobile wireless device  102  can transition to perform a system determination through circle “H” to step  1904  in  FIG. 19 . 
     The method steps outlined in  FIGS. 13, 14, 17 and 18  include checking a layer 2 CRC segment  1012  received as part of a layer 2 paging channel message  1006 . The same steps can also apply to checking a layer 2 CRC segment  1032  received as part of a layer 2 control channel message  1026  or more generally to detecting transmission errors in received signaling messages that include layer 2 CRC segments. In addition to error detection for layer 2 messages, a mobile wireless device  102  can use a protocol that includes error detection for layer 1 such as the layer 1 CRC segment attached to an F-CCCH frame shown in  FIG. 10B . A single layer 2 F-CCCH message  1026  can include one or more F-CCCH frames, and each F-CCCH frame can include a separate layer 1 CRC. The method steps outlined in  FIGS. 13, 14, 17 and 18  can be extended to include checking for CRC “Pass” or CRC “Fail” using the layer 1 CRC rather than (or in addition to) the layer 2 CRC segment  1032 . In the mobile wireless device  102 , layer 1 processing of layer 1 frames can occur before segmentation and reassembly (SAR) of the layer 2 segment and thus detection of errors can occur earlier and more frequently (as multiple layer 1 CRC segments can be included in a single layer 2 F-CCCH message  1026 ). When using layer 1 CRC to detect CRC “Fail” conditions, the number of consecutive CRC failures in step  1426  of  FIG. 14  and in step  1726  in  FIG. 17  can differ from the number of consecutive CRC failures used with layer 2 CRC failures. Similarly, the amount of time used to determine an absence of CRC passing in step  1422  of  FIG. 14  and in step  1722  in  FIG. 17  can be the same or can differ when using layer 1 CRC versus layer 2 CRC. 
       FIG. 19  illustrates a series of steps  1900  that the mobile wireless device  102  can undertaken when unable to re-acquire the paging channel  802  or following a paging channel  802  decoding timer expiration. Each DRX cycle, the mobile wireless device  102  can re-awaken from one of the five sleep states described above and can re-acquire the wireless network  100  using one antenna or multiple antennas to decode the paging channel  802  (and/or the quick paging channel  806 ). The mobile wireless device  102  can also optionally sleep between reading two distinct paging indicators  810 / 812  on the quick paging channel  806  during a single DRX cycle. When the mobile wireless device  102  is unable to re-acquire the wireless network  100  to decode the paging channel  802  in step  1902 , the mobile wireless device  102  can perform a limited scan for radio sectors  104  (cells) in the wireless network  100  in step  1904  using signals received through the secondary antenna. In a representative embodiment, the limited scan can include searching for one or two radio sectors  104  in a list of most recently used radio sectors  104  stored in the mobile wireless device  102 . When the mobile wireless device  102  locates a radio sector  104  in step  1906 , the mobile wireless device  102  can compare a received signal quality to a pre-determined first threshold in step  1914  to determine in which state to sleep. The received signal quality can be a filtered measured signal quality such as a ratio of received signal code power to noise/interference (EcIo). When the received signal quality exceeds the first threshold as determined in step  1914 , the mobile wireless device  102  can sleep in state S3 in step  1916 . From state S3, the mobile wireless device  102  can later awaken to decode page indicators  810 / 812  on the quick paging channel  806  using signals received through the secondary antenna as shown in  FIG. 16 . When the received signal quality does not exceed the first threshold as determined in step  1914 , the mobile wireless device  102  can sleep in state S4 in step  1916 . From state S4, the mobile wireless device  102  can re-awaken to decode the paging channel  802  directly using signals received through the secondary antenna as shown in  FIG. 17 . 
     When the limited scan for radio sectors  104  of the wireless network  100  using signals received through the secondary antenna fails in step  1906 , the mobile wireless device  102  can perform a full scan for radio sectors  104  of the wireless network  100  using signals received through the primary antenna in step  1908 . In a representative embodiment, the full scan for radio sectors  104  can include those radio sectors  104  searched for in step  1904  during the limited scan with signals received through the secondary antenna and additional radio sectors  104  stored in one or more lists in the mobile wireless device  102 . When no radio sector  104  can be located using the primary antenna in step  1910 , the mobile wireless device  102  can enter an “out of service” recovery process in step  1912 . When a radio sector  104  in the wireless network is located in step  1910  using signals received through the primary antenna, the mobile wireless device  102  can compare the receive signal quality to the pre-determined first threshold in step  1920  to determine in which state to sleep. When the receive signal quality exceeds the pre-determined first threshold in step  1920 , the mobile wireless device  102  can sleep in state S2 as indicated in step  1922 . From state S2, the mobile wireless device  102  can awaken to decode page indicators  810 / 812  on the quick paging channel  806  using signals received through the primary antenna as shown in  FIG. 15 . When the receive signal quality does not exceed the pre-determined first threshold in step  1920 , the mobile wireless device  102  can sleep in state S1 as indicated in step  1924 . From state S1, the mobile wireless device can awaken to decode the paging channel  802  directly using signals received through the primary antenna as shown in  FIG. 14 . 
     In another embodiment (not shown explicitly in  FIG. 19 ), the mobile wireless device  102  can interrupt a full scan on the primary antenna in step  1908  periodically to perform a partial scan using the secondary antenna. The periodic partial scans can use the same limited set of radio sectors  104  as in step  1904  or can include additional logic to search for radio sectors  104  other than (or in addition to) the limited set of radio sectors  104  used in step  1904 . The full scan on the primary antenna can be performed using an extensive list of radio sectors  104 , while each partial scan on the secondary antenna can use a smaller list of radio sectors  104 . The smaller list of radio sectors  104  used for the secondary antenna can vary for each successive partial scan attempt covering a broader list of radio sectors  104  over a number of separate partial scans. 
     The various aspects, embodiments, implementations or features of the described embodiments can be used separately or in any combination. Various aspects of the described embodiments can be implemented by software, hardware or a combination of hardware and software. 
     The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, used specific nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the specific details are not required in order to practice the described embodiments. Thus, the foregoing descriptions of the specific embodiments described herein are presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not target to be exhaustive or to limit the embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. 
     The advantages of the embodiments described are numerous. Different aspects, embodiments or implementations can yield one or more of the following advantages. Many features and advantages of the present embodiments are apparent from the written description and, thus, it is intended by the appended claims to cover all such features and advantages of the invention. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, the embodiments should not be limited to the exact construction and operation as illustrated and described. Hence, all suitable modifications and equivalents can be resorted to as falling within the scope of the invention.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20140409
Publication Date: 20160412
Grant Date: 20160412
Priority Date: 20110913
Inventors: MUJTABA SYED A.
WANG XIAOWEN
KIM YOUNG JAE
MAJJIGI VINAY R.
SEBENI JOHNSON O.
SHAMIM TAHIR
ANANTHARAMAN KARTHIK
SONG KEE-BONG
TRILLING ROMAIN
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H04B7/082", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B7/0817", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L43/0823", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04W84/08", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B1/7115", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B7/0871", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B7/08", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B7/0871", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B7/0871", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04L43/0823", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B7/082", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B7/0817", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04B7/0817", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 47178278