PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-10579090-B2
Application Number: US-201815870718-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Rotatable input mechanism having adjustable output

Abstract:
Disclosed herein is an input device that replicates mechanical actuation of a rotatable input mechanism in such a way that the haptic output provided by the input device is controllable.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A watch comprising:
 a housing; 
 a display positioned at least partially within the housing and configured to display a user interface; 
 a touch sensor positioned over the display and configured to receive a user input; 
 a rotatable crown positioned along a side of the housing; and 
 an actuation mechanism configured to produce haptic outputs by repeatedly varying an amount of friction between the actuation mechanism and the rotatable crown during a rotation of the rotatable crown, wherein:
 in a first mode, the actuation mechanism produces a first haptic output during the rotation of the rotatable crown, the first haptic output corresponding to a first sequence of tactilely perceptible changes in resistance to a first turning force; and 
 in a second mode, the actuation mechanism produces a second haptic output that is different from the first haptic output during the rotation of the rotatable crown, the second haptic output corresponding to a second sequence of tactilely perceptible changes in resistance to a second turning force. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The watch of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the user interface comprises a displayed element; and 
 the displayed element is modified in response to the rotation of the rotatable crown. 
 
     
     
       3. The watch of  claim 2 , wherein:
 the displayed element comprises at least one of an icon, a menu item, or a display screen; and 
 modifying the displayed element comprises at least one of selecting the displayed element, zooming in, zooming out, or navigating between the displayed element and an additional displayed element. 
 
     
     
       4. The watch of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the user interface displays a scrollable list having a set of selectable elements; 
 in the first mode, a first selectable element of the set of selectable elements that is not a last item of the scrollable list is selected; 
 in the second mode, a second selectable element of the set of selectable elements that is the last item of the scrollable list is selected; and 
 the actuation mechanism produces the second haptic output in response to the rotatable crown being rotated while the last item of the scrollable list is selected. 
 
     
     
       5. The watch of  claim 4 , wherein:
 the rotation causes a different selectable element of the set of selectable elements to be selected; 
 the first haptic output indicates that the different selectable element has been selected; and 
 if the different selectable element is the second selectable element, the watch transitions to the second mode. 
 
     
     
       6. The watch of  claim 1 , wherein:
 in the first mode, a first torque is required to rotate the rotatable crown; and 
 in the second mode, a second torque that is less than the first torque is required to rotate the rotatable crown. 
 
     
     
       7. The watch of  claim 6 , wherein:
 the user interface comprises a scrollable user interface; 
 rotating the rotatable crown scrolls through the scrollable user interface; 
 when in the first mode, in response to a speed of rotation of the rotatable crown exceeding a first threshold, the watch transitions to the second mode; and 
 when in the second mode, in response to the speed of rotation of the rotatable crown being less than a second threshold, the watch transitions to the first mode. 
 
     
     
       8. The watch of  claim 1 , wherein the amount of friction repeatedly dynamically varies between a first non-zero amount and a second non-zero amount. 
     
     
       9. An electronic watch comprising:
 a housing; 
 a rotatable crown coupled to the housing; and 
 an actuation mechanism configured to produce haptic feedback by repeatedly changing an amount of friction between a first element and a second element during a rotation of the rotatable crown, wherein:
 in a first mode, the actuation mechanism produces a first number of haptic outputs per full rotation of the rotatable crown; and 
 in a second mode, the actuation mechanism produces a second number of haptic outputs per full rotation of the rotatable crown, the second number of haptic outputs being different from the first number of haptic outputs. 
 
 
     
     
       10. The electronic watch of  claim 9 , wherein:
 a first haptic output of the first number of haptic outputs is provided every quarter rotation of the rotatable crown; and 
 a second haptic output of the second number of haptic outputs is provided every half rotation of the rotatable crown. 
 
     
     
       11. The electronic watch of  claim 9 , wherein a strength of either of the first or the second number of haptic outputs varies over time. 
     
     
       12. The electronic watch of  claim 9 , wherein repeatedly changing the amount of friction between the first element and the second element repeatedly changes a torque required to rotate the rotatable crown. 
     
     
       13. The electronic watch of  claim 9 , wherein the actuation mechanism comprises a linear actuator. 
     
     
       14. The electronic watch of  claim 13 , wherein the linear actuator comprises a moveable mass and is configured to change a torque required to rotate the rotatable crown by moving the moveable mass such that the moveable mass contacts the rotatable crown. 
     
     
       15. The electronic watch of  claim 14 , wherein:
 the rotatable crown comprises a rotatable structure defining an inner sidewall; 
 the linear actuator is disposed within the rotatable structure; and 
 the moveable mass contacting the rotatable crown comprises the moveable mass contacting the inner sidewall of the rotatable structure. 
 
     
     
       16. The electronic watch of  claim 9 , wherein:
 the electronic watch further comprises a processing unit operably coupled to the actuation mechanism; and 
 the actuation mechanism is configured to repeatedly change the amount of friction between the first element and the second element in response to receiving one or more signals from the processing unit, repeatedly changing the amount of friction comprising:
 causing the first element to exert a first force on the second element to cause a first amount of friction between the first element and the second element; and 
 causing the first element to exert a second force different from the first force on the second element to cause a second amount of friction different than the first amount of friction between the first element and the second element. 
 
 
     
     
       17. A watch comprising:
 a housing; 
 a processing unit positioned within the housing; 
 a display disposed at least partially within the housing and configured to display multiple displayed elements; 
 a rotatable crown coupled to the housing and configured to receive rotational inputs; and 
 a haptic actuator configured to:
 produce a first haptic output by repeatedly changing an amount of friction between a first element and a second element in a first manner during a first rotation of the rotatable crown, the first haptic output corresponding to a first sequence of tactilely perceptible changes in resistance to a first turning force; and 
 produce a second haptic output different from the first haptic output by repeatedly changing the amount of friction between the first element and the second element in a second manner during a second rotation of the rotatable crown, the second haptic output corresponding to a second sequence of tactilely perceptible changes in resistance to a second turning force, wherein:
 in response to receiving a first rotational input at the rotatable crown, the processing unit is configured to:
 modify a first displayed element of the multiple displayed elements; and 
 cause the haptic actuator to provide the first haptic output; and 
 
 in response to receiving a second rotational input, the watch is configured to:
 modify a second displayed element of the multiple displayed elements; and 
 cause the haptic actuator to provide the second haptic output. 
 
 
 
 
     
     
       18. The watch of  claim 17 , wherein:
 the first rotational input comprises rotation of the rotatable crown in a first type of user interface; and 
 the second rotational input comprises rotation of the rotatable crown in a second type of user interface. 
 
     
     
       19. The watch of  claim 17 , wherein at least one of changing the first displayed element or changing the second displayed element comprises navigating within a menu of a user interface of the watch. 
     
     
       20. The watch of  claim 17 , wherein:
 the first displayed element corresponds to a first application of the watch; and 
 the second displayed element corresponds to a second application of the watch.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S) 
     This application is a continuation patent application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/055,554, filed Feb. 27, 2016 and titled “Rotatable Input Mechanism Having Adjustable Output,” the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     The described embodiments relate generally to a rotatable input mechanism having an adjustable haptic output. More specifically, the disclosed embodiments relate to an input device that simulates mechanical clicks or other types of haptic output provided by a knob, dial, or other such rotatable input mechanism. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Conventional rotary input mechanisms typically include a knob or dial and one or more mechanical detent features that interface with a component of the knob or dial. As the knob or dial rotates, the component of the knob or dial interacts with the mechanical detent features and provides an audible, a tactile, or a haptic feedback. However, the feedback provided by the mechanical detent features is limited by the spacing of the detents and/or how quickly the rotary input mechanism is turned. 
     Thus, in order to provide more granular output, the mechanical detent features are manufactured such that they are spaced closer together. Likewise, the mechanical detent features must be manufactured such that they are spaced farther apart from one another in order to provide less granular output. In either case, the detents are typically fixed during manufacturing and are invariant. 
     SUMMARY 
     Disclosed herein is a rotatable input mechanism that replicates mechanical clicks or other such haptic output provided by a mechanical ball and spring detent mechanism. However, unlike conventional mechanical ball and spring detent mechanisms (or similar mechanisms that provide a haptic output) the rotatable input mechanism described herein includes various components that enable the frequency, strength, and feel of the haptic output to be controllable and adjustable. 
     More specifically, disclosed herein is a rotatable input mechanism that includes a rotatable structure, a surface within the rotatable structure and a moveable mass. The rotatable input mechanism also includes an actuation mechanism that causes the moveable mass to engage and disengage from the surface, which dynamically changes a torque required to rotate the rotatable structure. 
     Also disclosed is a user-manipulable rotatable input mechanism. The user-manipulable rotatable input mechanism includes a rotatable structure configured to rotate about an axis and an actuation mechanism defining an engagement surface. In this embodiment, the engagement surface is configured to alternately contact and disengage from the rotatable structure, thereby varying friction between the engagement surface and the rotatable structure to provide a varying haptic output. 
     The present application also describes an input device having a cover, a feedback mechanism coupled to an inner surface of the cover, and a rotating center plate. The rotating center plate is operable to rotate both with the cover and independently of the cover. The rotating center plate also has one or more detents disposed on a perimeter surface. The detents interact with the feedback mechanism to provide a variable haptic output. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The disclosure will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like structural elements, and in which: 
         FIG. 1  illustrates an example rotatable input mechanism; 
         FIG. 2A  illustrates a torque response profile showing an increase and decrease in tactile torque as the rotatable input mechanism is rotated according to a first example; 
         FIG. 2B  illustrates a torque response profile showing an increase and decrease in tactile torque as the rotatable input mechanism is rotated according to a second example; 
         FIG. 2C  illustrates a torque response profile showing an increase and decrease in tactile torque as the rotatable input mechanism is rotated according to a third example; 
         FIG. 2D  illustrates a torque response profile showing an increase and decrease in tactile torque as the rotatable input mechanism is rotated according to a fourth example; 
         FIG. 3A  illustrates an example user interface having a selector that may be moved by the rotatable input mechanism; 
         FIG. 3B  illustrates the example user interface of  FIG. 3A  in which the selector has moved as a result of a rotation of the rotatable input mechanism; 
         FIG. 4A  shows an example electronic device that may use or incorporate a rotatable input mechanism described herein; 
         FIG. 4B  shows another example electronic device that may use or incorporate a rotatable input mechanism described herein; 
         FIG. 4C  shows a third example electronic device that may use or incorporate a rotatable input mechanism described herein; 
         FIG. 4D  shows a fourth example electronic device that may use or incorporate a rotatable input mechanism described herein; 
         FIG. 5A  shows a cross-section view of a rotatable input mechanism in a first state according to a first embodiment; 
         FIG. 5B  shows a cross-section view of the rotatable input mechanism of  FIG. 5A  in a second state; 
         FIG. 5C  shows a cross-section view of the rotatable input mechanism of  FIG. 5A  in which a spring component of the rotatable input mechanism exhibits increased tension as a result of the rotatable input mechanism being rotated; 
         FIG. 6A  shows a cross-section view of a rotatable input mechanism in a first state according to a second embodiment; 
         FIG. 6B  shows a cross-section view of the rotatable input mechanism of  FIG. 6A  in a second state; 
         FIG. 6C  shows a cross-section view of the rotatable input mechanism of  FIG. 6A  in which a spring component of the rotatable input mechanism exhibits increased tension as a result of the rotatable input mechanism being rotated; 
         FIG. 7A  shows a cross-section view of a rotatable input mechanism in a first state according to a third embodiment; 
         FIG. 7B  shows a cross-section view of the rotatable input mechanism of  FIG. 7A  in a second state; 
         FIG. 8A  shows a cross-section view of a rotatable input mechanism in a first state according to a fourth embodiment; 
         FIG. 8B  shows a cross-section view of the rotatable input mechanism of  FIG. 8A  in a second state; 
         FIG. 9A  illustrates a top-down cross-section view of a rotatable input mechanism in a first state according to a fifth embodiment; 
         FIG. 9B  shows a top-down cross-section view of the rotatable input mechanism of  FIG. 9A  in a second state; 
         FIG. 10A  illustrates a top-down cross-section view of a rotatable input mechanism in a first state according to a sixth embodiment; 
         FIG. 10B  shows a top-down cross-section view of the rotatable input mechanism of  FIG. 10A  in a second state; 
         FIG. 11A  illustrates a top-down cross-section view of a rotatable input mechanism in a first state according to a seventh embodiment; 
         FIG. 11B  shows a top-down cross-section view of the rotatable input mechanism of  FIG. 11A  in a second state; 
         FIG. 12A  illustrates a top-down cross-section view of a rotatable input mechanism in a first state according to an eighth embodiment; 
         FIG. 12B  shows a top-down cross-section view of the rotatable input mechanism of  FIG. 12A  in a second state; and 
         FIG. 13  illustrates example components of an electronic device that may use or incorporate the rotatable input mechanism described herein. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Reference will now be made in detail to representative embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the following descriptions are not intended to limit the embodiments to one preferred embodiment. To the contrary, it is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as can be included within the spirit and scope of the described embodiments as defined by the appended claims. 
     The following disclosure is directed to a rotatable input mechanism that replicates tactile or haptic output of a conventional rotatable input mechanism. However, unlike conventional rotatable input mechanisms, the haptic output of the rotatable input mechanism of the present disclosure is non-binary. More specifically, a frequency and/or a strength of haptic output provided by the rotatable input mechanism of the present disclosure may be controllable and adjustable. Because the haptic output is non-binary, a continuous range of haptic outputs may be provided to a user. Thus, the rotatable input mechanism may provide a first type of haptic output in a first situation, or in response to a first application, and provide a different type of haptic output in a second situation, or in conjunction with a second application. 
     “Frequency,” as used herein, refers to a number of occurrences per unit of time. Assuming a constant rotational speed of the rotatable input mechanism, an output frequency may be adjusted by dynamically changing a number of detents, impacts simulating detents, friction events, and so on. 
     The rotatable input mechanism disclosed herein may be a user-manipulable rotatable input mechanism that may be used to navigate through or within a user interface. For example, the user interface may be provided on a display of an electronic device, a display of a computing device, or any other type of display that has selectable icons, features, menu items, applications, images, and the like. As a user manipulates the rotatable input mechanism, the different icons, features, menu items, applications, images, and the like may be highlighted or otherwise selected. In addition, as the user-manipulable rotatable input mechanism is rotated or is otherwise actuated, an audible and/or haptic output may be provided as each of the icons, features, menu items, applications, images, and the like is selected. 
     As will be explained below, output (whether audible, haptic, or other) may be provided in various ways. In some embodiments, an electromagnet associated with a clutch and spring component increases and/or decreases a torque required to rotate the rotatable input mechanism. The increase and/or decrease in torque simulates or replicates a negative torque and positive assistance torque of, for example, a ball and spring moving in and out of associated detents or notches in a mechanical ball and detent system. 
     In another embodiment, the rotatable input mechanism includes one or more actuation mechanisms incorporating one or more friction components. The one or more friction components alternate between contacting an inner surface of the rotatable input mechanism and not contacting (e.g., disengaging) the inner surface of the rotatable input mechanism. When the friction component contacts the inner surface of the rotatable input mechanism, the amount of friction is increased. As a result, the torque required to rotate the rotatable input mechanism also increases. 
     Likewise, when the friction component does not contact the inner surface of the rotatable input mechanism, the amount of friction is decreased. As a result, the torque required to rotate the rotatable input mechanism decreases. The increase and decrease in the friction and the resulting increase and decrease in the required torque may be used to simulate the haptic output of a conventional mechanical ball and spring detent mechanism. 
     Further, a force exerted on the inner surface by the friction component may be varied in order to vary the resulting friction and thus torque. This, in turn, varies the haptic and/or audible output, or may prevent them entirely. 
     In yet another embodiment, the rotatable input mechanism may utilize a rotating center plate and a ball and spring component or other such feedback mechanism to provide a programmable haptic output. For example, the rotating center plate may include one or more detents that interact with a ball and spring component or other such feedback mechanism to provide haptic output. The rotating center plate may rotate in a first direction or at a first speed while the ball and spring component may rotate in the first direction (or in a second direction) at a second speed. As each of the components rotate in different directions, the same direction, and/or at different speeds, a variable haptic output may be provided. 
     In each of the above examples, the increase and decrease in the amount of friction may be programmable. For example, the electromagnet, the actuators, or other components of the rotatable input mechanism may be fired or otherwise activated at various times in order to provide the variable haptic output. For example, a first type of haptic output may be provided by the rotatable input mechanism in response to a user navigating in a first type of user interface, a first type of menu within the first type of user interface, or using a certain application. Likewise, a second type of haptic output may be provided by the same rotatable input mechanism in response to a user navigating through a second user interface, a second menu in the first type of user interface, or using a second application. 
     Further, due to the programmable nature of the rotatable input mechanism, haptic output may be provided at various rotation points or at various frequencies. For example, the rotatable input mechanism may be programmed or otherwise receive instructions to provide haptic output every quarter of a turn of one revolution of the rotatable input mechanism in one situation, and provide haptic output every half of turn of a revolution of the rotatable input mechanism in a different situation. 
     These and other embodiments are discussed below with reference to  FIGS. 1-13 . However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the detailed description given herein with respect to these Figures is for explanatory purposes only and should not be construed as limiting. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates an example rotatable input mechanism  100 . The rotatable input mechanism  100  may be a user-manipulable rotatable input mechanism and may be configured to provide a haptic output and/or audible output when actuated by a user. For example, the rotatable input mechanism  100  may be associated with a user interface of an electronic device. As the user manipulates the rotatable input mechanism  100  to navigate within the user interface, the rotatable input mechanism  100  may provide a haptic and/or audible output as it rotates about its axis  110 . 
     The rotatable input mechanism  100  may bidirectionally rotate about its axis  110  in the direction of arrows  120 . Although arrows  120  illustrate that the rotatable input mechanism  100  may bidirectionally rotate about its axis  110 , the rotatable input mechanism  100  may be configured to rotate in a single direction (e.g., in a clockwise direction or a counterclockwise direction). 
     As the rotatable input mechanism  100  rotates, various haptic outputs may be provided. More specifically, the rotatable input mechanism  100  may be configured to provide haptic and/or audible output after various angles or points of rotation. Further, these angles or points of rotation at which the haptic and/or audible output is provided may be dynamically adjustable such that the haptic output is non-binary. In addition, the amount of torque required to rotate the rotatable input mechanism  100  to or past the angles or points of rotation may also dynamically change, for example as friction between the rotatable mechanism and an actuator varies. 
       FIGS. 2A-2D  illustrate various torque response profiles that may be utilized by a rotatable input mechanism such as, for example, rotatable input mechanism  100  of  FIG. 1 . Although the torque response profiles shown in  FIGS. 2A-2D  may not be to any particular scale, each of these figures illustrate torque response profiles that show an increase and decrease in the amount of tactile torque (e.g., input torque) required to rotate the rotatable input mechanism to, or past, various angles of rotation. 
     For example,  FIG. 2A  illustrates a first torque response profile  200 . In this example, the profile is represented as a saw-tooth wave  210 . In this particular implementation, the torque required to rotate the rotatable input mechanism increases as the angle of rotation of the rotatable input mechanism increases from a zero point. Once a certain angle of rotation has been reached, the amount of torque required to continue rotating the rotatable input mechanism decreases to substantially zero (or some other determined value). If the rotatable input mechanism continues to rotate, the amount of torque continues to increase and decrease in the manner explained above. 
       FIG. 2B  illustrates a second torque response profile  220 . In this example, the profile is represented as a square wave  230 . In this particular implementation, the torque required to rotate the rotatable input mechanism increases dramatically at a first angle of rotation, stays constant for a continuous range of angles of rotation, and then decreases to zero or substantially zero (or some other determined value) once the desired angle of rotation has been reached. 
       FIG. 2C  illustrates a third torque response profile  240 . In this particular implementation, the torque required to rotate the rotatable input mechanism linearly increases until a maximum angle of rotation is reached. At that point, the rotatable input mechanism may not be rotated farther and so the force response profile  240  becomes a vertical line  250 . This particular part of the torque response profile  240  indicates that the rotatable input mechanism has reached a maximum distance or angle of rotation. As one example, when the rotatable input mechanism is used to navigate within a user interface (such as will be described below) the torque response profile  240  may be used to indicate that an end (or a beginning) of a list has been reached. 
       FIG. 2D  illustrates a fourth torque response profile  260 . In this example, the profile is also represented as a saw-tooth wave  270 . This example profile is similar to the profile described above with respect to  FIG. 2A . For example, the torque required to rotate the rotatable input mechanism increases as the angle of rotation of the rotatable input mechanism increases from a zero point. However, once a certain angle of rotation has been reached, the amount of torque required to continue rotating the rotatable input mechanism decreases to substantially zero, some other determined value, or even a negative torque. The negative torque may cause the rotatable input mechanism to continue to rotate in the initial direction of rotation or may otherwise assist in the rotation of the rotatable input mechanism. 
     Although specific torque response profiles have been shown and described, various other torque response profiles may be utilized. For example, a profile for a torque response profile may be represented as a sine wave. 
     Each of the various profiles may be combined or otherwise concatenated with each other. Thus, a first torque response profile may be utilized within a first range of angles of rotation while a second torque response profile may be utilized within a second range of angles of rotation. 
       FIG. 3A  illustrates an example user interface  300  of an electronic device. The user interface  300  has a selector  350  that may be manipulated by a rotatable input mechanism, such as, for example, the rotatable input mechanism  100  of  FIG. 1 . In this example, the user interface  300  has four different menu items, namely Item  1   310 , Item  2   320 , Item  3   330  and Item  4   340 . As the rotatable input mechanism is manipulated or otherwise rotated to or past a given angle of rotation in a given direction (e.g., clockwise or counterclockwise), the selector  350  may move between the various items. Further, as the given angle of rotation is reached, the amount of force required to rotate the rotatable input mechanism may vary, for example as shown in any of the torque response profiles described above. 
     For example, when a user rotates the rotatable input mechanism to cause the selector  350  to move from Item  1   310  to Item  2   320 , the amount of torque required to rotate the rotatable input mechanism may be represented by the torque response profile  200  ( FIG. 2A ). As the user continues to manipulate the rotatable input mechanism, selector  350  continues to move from Item  2   320  to Item  3   330  and the same torque response profile  200  may be used. 
     In some embodiments, various torque response profiles may be combined together as the rotatable input mechanism is actuated. For example and as shown in  FIG. 3B , if the rotatable input mechanism has been rotated such that the selector  350  is on the last item, (Item  4   340 ), in the user interface  300 , torque response profile  240  ( FIG. 2C ) may be used to indicate that further rotation in the clockwise direction is not available. However, rotation of the rotatable input mechanism in the counterclockwise direction (e.g., moving the selector  350  from Item  4   340  to Item  3   330 ) may be allowed. The counterclockwise rotation may utilize the torque response profile  200  of  FIG. 2A . 
     In yet another implementation, as the selector  350  moves from Item  3   330  to Item  4   340 , the torque response profile  200  ( FIG. 2A ) may be used. Continued rotation of the rotatable input mechanism may cause the selector  350  to move from Item  4   340  to Item  1   310 . As such, torque response profile  220  ( FIG. 2B ) may be used to indicate that the selector  350  has wrapped around the user interface  300 . 
     In some embodiments, a first direction of rotation and/or a first angle or range of angles of rotation may utilize a first torque response profile while a second direction of rotation and/or a first angle or range of angles of rotation may utilize a second torque response profile. For example, a clockwise rotation of the rotatable input mechanism may utilize torque response profile  200  ( FIG. 2A ) while a counterclockwise rotation of the rotatable input mechanism may utilize torque response profile  220  ( FIG. 2B ). 
       FIG. 4A  illustrates an example electronic device  400  that uses or incorporates a rotatable input mechanism of the present disclosure. Although the electronic device  400  is shown as a wearable electronic device, the rotatable input mechanism described herein may be used with a variety of electronic devices, mechanical devices, electro-mechanical devices, computing devices, user interfaces, and so on. For example, the electronic device may be a mobile phone ( FIG. 4B ), a music or other such media player ( FIG. 4C ) or any other such electronic device. 
     The electronic device  400  illustrated in  FIG. 4A  may include a housing  405  and a display  410 . The display  410  may be used to output or otherwise provide a user interface to a user. Once the user interface is provided on the display  410 , a user-manipulable rotatable input mechanism (represented as rotatable input mechanism  415 ) may be used by a user to navigate within the user interface. 
     For example, a user may operate the rotatable input mechanism  415  to alter a user interface that is output on the display  410  of the electronic device  400 . More specifically, a displayed element on the graphical user interface may be altered as the rotatable input mechanism  415  is manipulated by a user such as described above with respect to  FIGS. 3A-3B . As such, the displayed element may be changed using different manipulations of the rotatable input mechanism  415 . These manipulations may include pressing inward on the rotatable input mechanism  415 , pulling outward on the rotatable input mechanism  415 , rotating the rotatable input mechanism  415  in a first direction (e.g., to the right or clockwise), rotating the rotatable input mechanism  415  in a second direction (e.g., to the left or counterclockwise), and so on. More specifically, the rotatable input mechanism  415  may enable a cursor or other selector to select, zoom in and out, scroll, or otherwise navigate through various icons, menu items, display screens, and the like. 
     Although the rotatable input mechanism  415  is shown in  FIG. 4A  as extending from the housing  405  of the electronic device  400 , this is not required. For example and as shown in  FIG. 4B , an electronic device  420 , such as, for example, a mobile phone, may have a rotatable input mechanism  435  that is flush or recessed with respect to a housing  425  and/or a display  430 . More specifically, the rotatable input mechanism  435  may be flush or recessed with respect to a cover glass or other covering of the display  430  of the electronic device  420 . 
       FIG. 4C  illustrates another electronic device  440  that may use or otherwise incorporate the rotatable input mechanism disclosed herein. In this embodiment, the electronic device  440  is a portable media player. In this implementation, the electronic device  440  may have a rotatable input mechanism  455  that is flush or recessed with respect to the housing  445 . As the rotatable input mechanism  455  is rotated, various icons, menu items, and the like that are output on a display  450  may be selected. 
       FIG. 4D  illustrates another example device  460  that may use or incorporate the rotatable input mechanism described herein. In this particular embodiment, the rotatable input mechanism  470  may be configured as a rotatable ring that surrounds a display  465  of the electronic device  460 . 
     Although specific devices have been shown and described, the rotatable input mechanism described herein may be used in a variety of devices. For example, the rotatable input mechanism described herein may be incorporated in any mechanical knob, dial or rotatable switch. Non-limiting examples include radio dials, speaker dials, and so on. Likewise, the rotatable input mechanism may be a rotating crown, a rotating bezel, and so on. 
     Regardless of the shape, position, or orientation of the rotatable input mechanism, as will be described below, when the rotatable input mechanism is rotated, various components of the rotatable input mechanism may provide an audible and/or a haptic output. “Haptic” as used herein, refers to a perceptible output that may be discerned by an individual that is contacting or otherwise using the rotatable input mechanism. The haptic output may be equivalent to the haptic output provided by a conventional ball and spring mechanical detent system. However, unlike conventional ball and spring mechanical detent systems in which the haptic output is static, the haptic output of the rotatable input mechanism is configurable and adjustable. 
       FIGS. 5A-12B  show various embodiments of example rotatable input mechanisms that may be used with or incorporated into the various devices shown and described above. Further, each of the example rotatable input mechanisms may be user-manipulable rotatable input mechanisms. As such, a user may rotate or otherwise actuate the example rotatable input mechanisms to make a particular selection, change a setting of a device, navigate within or through a user interface and so on such as described herein. 
     More specifically,  FIGS. 5A-8B  illustrate various cross-section views of various rotatable input mechanisms, taken along line A-A of  FIG. 4A , and  FIGS. 9A-12B  illustrate various top-down cross-section views of various rotatable input mechanisms according to various embodiments, and any of which may be used within the various devices described herein. Each of the embodiments described below may be used in or with various other mechanical, electro-mechanical and/or computing devices, user interfaces, and so on. 
       FIG. 5A  shows a cross-section view of a rotatable input mechanism  500  in a first state according to a first embodiment. The rotatable input mechanism  500  may include a rotatable structure  510  positioned over and configured to rotate around a base portion  520 . The rotatable structure  510  may have a rounded configuration and include one or more sidewalls that extend from a top surface. In other implementations, the rotatable structure  510  may be a ring that surrounds or partially surrounds the base portion. The rotatable structure  510  may also be a cover or a cap that at least partially overlays one or more surfaces of the base portion  520 . 
     The rotatable structure  510  and/or the base portion  520  may be made from any suitable material including plastic, metal, aluminum, and so on. Although the rotatable structure  510  is shown as a single piece, the rotatable structure  510  may be made from multiple pieces or components. 
     The rotatable structure  510  may be configured to be manipulated by a user. As such, a user may rotate the rotatable structure  510  in a first direction and/or in a second direction. A shaft may be connected to base portion  520  and/or the rotatable structure  510 . As such, the rotatable structure  510  may also be configured to be pressed inwardly and/or pulled outwardly. 
     As the rotatable structure  510  rotates, a user interface, such as for example, the user interface  300  ( FIG. 3A ), may be manipulated such as described above. The rotatable input mechanism  500  may also include one or more bearings  530  that are used to maintain spacing and positioning between the rotatable structure  510  and the base portion  520 . 
     The rotatable input mechanism  500  may also include an actuation mechanism, such as, for example, an electromagnet  540 . The electromagnet  540  may be flush with, be contained within, disposed on or otherwise coupled to or integrated with the base portion  520 . The electromagnet  540  may interact with a moveable mass  550  that is coupled, via a spring component  560 , to an inner surface of the rotatable structure  510 . In some embodiments, the spring component  560  is a torsion spring. The spring component  560  holds the moveable mass  550  away from a friction surface  570  of the base portion  520 . In some embodiments, the spring force of the spring component  560  is greater than the force of gravity on the moveable mass  550 , which maintains the spacing between the friction surface  570  of the base portion  520  and the moveable mass  550 . 
     In operation, the rotatable input mechanism  500  simulates haptic output of a mechanical spring ball and detent mechanism. For example, prior to or when the rotatable structure  510  is rotated, the electromagnet  540  is activated. In some examples, the electromagnet  540  may be activated or otherwise controlled by a voltage (e.g., analog voltage), a pulse width modulation scheme, or other such control mechanism. 
     Activation of the electromagnet  540  causes the moveable mass  550  to move from its nominal position (e.g., a position in which the moveable mass  550  is suspended from the spring component  560  such as shown in  FIG. 5A ) to a second position in which the moveable mass  550  is magnetically coupled to or otherwise engages with the base portion  520  such as shown in  FIG. 5B . As the rotatable structure  510  rotates, the electromagnet  540  holds the moveable mass  550  in place or otherwise prevents the moveable mass  550  from rotating with the rotatable structure  510 . In some embodiments and as briefly described above, the base portion  520  includes a friction surface  570  that increases friction between the moveable mass  550  and the base portion  520  which also helps prevent the moveable mass  550  from rotating as the rotatable structure  510  is rotated. 
     Because the spring component  560  is coupled to both the moveable mass  550  and the rotatable structure  510 , as the rotatable structure  510  rotates and the moveable mass  550  remains stationary or substantially stationary, the spring component  560  experiences an increase in tension such as shown in  FIG. 5C . As the tension in the spring component  560  increases, the user feels an increase in resistance, which replicates a negative resistance torque of a conventional ball and spring detent mechanism. 
     In some implementations, an increase in magnetic attraction between the moveable mass  550  and the base portion  520  can dynamically increase the friction between the two components. As such, the haptic output that is provided by the rotatable input mechanism  500  may dynamically change. Accordingly, the rotatable input mechanism  500  may provide non-binary haptic output. For example, a current increase through the electromagnet  540  increases a magnetic force between the moveable mass  550  and the base portion  520 . This increases the friction and torque which affects the feel of the rotation of the rotatable structure  510 . 
     Once a sufficient or desired torque requirement over a given amount of time or rotation distance of the rotatable structure  510  has been met or otherwise achieved, the electromagnet  540  may be deactivated. Once the electromagnet  540  has been deactivated, the moveable mass  550  disengages from the friction surface  570  and moves from the second position back to its nominal position. 
     Because the moveable mass  550  is now free to move and rotate, the tension in spring component  560  is released. As the tension in the spring component  560  is released, the moveable mass  550  rotates which simulates the positive assistance torque of a conventional ball and spring detent mechanism. More specifically, when the moveable mass  550  is released, the spring component  560  accelerates movement of the moveable mass  550  back to its nominal state (whether such movement is rotational, translational, or a combination of the two) thereby simulating the positive assistance torque described above. 
     Because the moveable mass  550  may wobble or otherwise exhibit undesired movement when released, the electromagnet  540  may be activated at various times and for various durations in order to reduce or eliminate wobble or other such undesired movement. For example, once the electromagnet  540  is deactivated and the moveable mass  550  returns to its nominal state, the electromagnet  540  may be activated a second time to stabilize the moveable mass  550 . 
     In other implementations, the electromagnet  540  may be activated using various pulses to slow, stabilize, or otherwise stop the moveable mass  550  from rotating or otherwise moving. Activation of the electromagnet  540  in this way may also produce a haptic and/or an audible output. 
     Although a single electromagnet  540  is shown, multiple electromagnets  540  may be used. In such embodiments, the electromagnets  540  may be positioned at various locations and geometries within the base portion  520 . 
       FIG. 6A  shows a cross-section view of a rotatable input mechanism  600  in a first state according to a second embodiment. The rotatable input mechanism  600  may include similar features and function in a similar manner to the rotatable input mechanism  500  described above. More specifically, the rotatable input mechanism  600  may include a rotatable structure  610  that rotates around a base portion  620 . The spacing between the rotatable structure  610  and the base portion  620  may be maintained by one or more bearings  630 . 
     The rotatable input mechanism  600  may also include an actuation mechanism, such as, for example, an electromagnet  640 . The rotatable input mechanism  600  may also include a moveable mass  650  coupled to a spring component  660 . However, in this particular embodiment, the moveable mass  650  is offset from a center axis of the rotatable input mechanism  600  and the electromagnet  640  has an annular shape. In this embodiment, the moveable mass  650  may be smaller than the electromagnet  640 . As such, the moveable mass  650  may be configured to move around a perimeter of the electromagnet  640 . 
     For example, when the electromagnet  640  is activated, the moveable mass  650  engages with or is otherwise magnetically coupled to a friction surface  670  of the base portion  620 , such as shown in  FIG. 6B . As the rotatable structure  610  rotates, the moveable mass  650  may be maintained at its current position and the spring component  660  experiences an increase in tension such as shown in  FIG. 6C . In another implementation, the moveable mass  650  may be dragged or may otherwise move along the top surface of the friction surface  670  tracing the perimeter of the annular electromagnet  640 . In such implementations, the spring component  660  may also experience an increase in tension. 
     As described above, an increase in an attractive force between the moveable mass  650  and the base portion  620  increases the friction between these components, at least once the moveable mass  650  contacts the base portion  620 . As the amount of friction between the components increases, the amount of torque required to rotate the rotatable input mechanism  600  also increases, which alters the haptic output provided by the rotatable input mechanism  600 . Likewise, if the amount of friction between the components decreases, the amount of torque required to rotate the rotatable input mechanism  600  decreases, which also alters the haptic output provided by the rotatable input mechanism. Accordingly, the haptic output is non-binary and may be dynamically alterable. 
     Regardless of the implementation, the rotatable input mechanism  600  may be used to provide a haptic output that simulates a turning sensation of a conventional dial or other such ball and spring detent mechanism such as described above with respect to  FIGS. 5A-5C . Specifically, when the electromagnet  640  is deactivated, the tension in the spring component  660  is released, the moveable mass disengages from the friction surface  670  and the moveable mass  650  returns to its nominal state. 
     Although a circular electromagnet  640  is described, the electromagnet  640  may have a variety of shapes and sizes. Further, the electromagnet  640  may be made up of a series of electromagnets  640  divided into quadrants or other sections. In such an implementation, each quadrant may have a different polarity or may otherwise interact with the moveable mass  650  in a particular way that varies the haptic output. 
       FIG. 7A  shows a cross-section view of a rotatable input mechanism  700  in a first state according to a third embodiment. The rotatable input mechanism  700  includes a rotatable structure  710  that rotates around a base portion  720 . The spacing between the rotatable structure  710  and the base portion  720  may be maintained by one or more bearings  730 . 
     In this embodiment, an increase and decrease in friction, and as a result, the increase and decrease in the torque required to rotate the rotatable input mechanism  700 , is controlled by an actuation mechanism  740 . The actuation mechanism  740  may be an actuator, such as, for example, a linear actuator. The actuation mechanism  740  may be positioned on the base portion  720  of the rotatable input mechanism  700  such that an engagement surface  750  of a moveable mass  760  that extends from the actuation mechanism  740  may engage and disengage from an inner sidewall of the rotatable structure  710 . 
     For example, in a nominal state such as shown in  FIG. 7A , the engagement surface  750  of the moveable mass of the actuation mechanism  740  may be biased against, engage or otherwise contact a sidewall of the rotatable structure  710  in order to increase the amount of friction present in the rotatable input mechanism  700 . The increase in friction increases the torque required to rotate the rotatable structure  710 . The actuation mechanism  740  may dynamically vary the friction present in the rotatable input mechanism  700 , for example, by increasing a force and/or a contact area between the cover (or other rotatable structure) and the engagement surface  750 . When the actuation mechanism  740  is actuated, the engagement surface  750  of the moveable mass  760  disengages from the sidewall of the rotatable structure  710  (such as shown in  FIG. 7B ), thereby reducing the friction and the torque required to rotate the rotatable structure  710 . 
     In some implementations, the actuation mechanism  740  may include a spring or other such component that enables the engagement surface  750  to engage and disengage from the sidewall of the rotatable structure  710 . In some embodiments, as the engagement surface  750  engages and disengages from the sidewall, a haptic output resembling a “click” or other such haptic output may be provided to a user. 
     Although a single actuation mechanism  740  is shown, the rotatable input mechanism  700  may include any number of actuation mechanisms. Further, each actuation mechanism  740  may include multiple engagement surfaces  750  on various moveable masses. In addition and although the actuation mechanism  740  is shown in a horizontal orientation, the actuation mechanism  740  may be in a vertical position such that the engagement surface  750  of the moveable mass contacts the inner top surface of the rotatable structure  710 . 
     In yet another embodiment, the actuation mechanism  740  and its associated moveable mass and engagement surface  750  may be positioned on the outside of the rotatable structure  710 . In such implementations, the engagement surface  750  may contact and be removed from an outer surface of the rotatable structure  710 . In still other implementations, a first actuation mechanism may be positioned on the outside of the rotatable structure  710  while a second actuation mechanism may be positioned on the inside of the rotatable structure  710 . 
       FIG. 8A  shows a cross-section view of a rotatable input mechanism  800  in a first state according to a fourth embodiment. The rotatable input mechanism  800  includes a rotatable structure  810 . Contained within the rotatable structure  810  is a magnet carrier  820  that enables the rotatable structure  810  to rotate around an axis. The rotatable input mechanism  800  also includes one or more electromagnets  830  coupled to the magnet carrier  820  and one or more coils  840 . 
     In operation, when the coils  840  are activated, such as for example, in response to a received current or signal, the coils  840 , in conjunction with the electromagnets  830 , produce a magnetic flux. The magnetic flux causes the rotatable structure  810  to be attracted to (or repulsed from) the base portion  860  which increases or decreases the amount of friction present in the rotatable input mechanism  800 . 
     For example, the magnetic flux may cause the rotatable structure  810  to move from its nominal position to an upward position or a downward position (such as shown in  FIG. 8B ). Movement of the rotatable structure  810  in such a manner may increase or decrease the amount of friction present and may also provide a haptic output. The rotatable input mechanism  800  may also include one or more spring components  850  that operate to move or otherwise assist the rotatable structure  810  in returning to its nominal position. 
     Like the other embodiments described herein, the rotatable input mechanism  800  may also include one or more bearings  870  that maintain spacing between the rotatable structure  810  and a base portion  860 . In some embodiments, the base portion  860  may be omitted. In other implementations, the base portion  860  may include a friction surface to increase friction between the rotatable structure  810  and the base portion  860 . 
       FIG. 9A  illustrates a top-down cross-section view of a rotatable input mechanism  900  in a first state according to a fifth embodiment. In this implementation, the rotatable input mechanism  900  includes a rotatable structure  910 . Contained within the rotatable structure  910  are two actuation mechanisms  920 . The actuation mechanisms  920  may each include a moveable mass  930 . The actuation mechanisms  920  may be inertial linear actuators that create torque as the moveable mass  930  moves tangentially and impacts or otherwise comes into contact with an inner sidewall of the rotatable structure  910 , although other actuators may be used. 
     More specifically, each actuation mechanism  920  converts lateral motion into torque when one of the actuation mechanisms  920  translates its moveable mass  930  (in the direction of arrow  940 ) and the other actuation mechanism  920  translates its moveable mass  930  (in the direction of arrow  950 ). Thus, each moveable mass contacts or otherwise engages a sidewall of the rotatable structure  910 , as shown in  FIG. 9B . Each actuation mechanism  920  may have multiple moveable masses  930 . As such, each actuation mechanism  920  may actuate a first moveable mass  930  to generate torque in a clockwise rotation to provide a haptic output and subsequently actuate a second moveable mass to generate torque in a counterclockwise rotation, which may also produce a haptic output. 
     In some embodiments, both actuation mechanisms  920  may move their respective moveable masses  930  simultaneously or substantially simultaneously. In other implementations, the actuation mechanisms  920 , and their respective moveable masses  930 , may be actuated in a particular sequence. For example, a first moveable mass  930  of one of the actuation mechanisms  920  may be actuated at a first time and for a first time period, and a second moveable mass of the actuation mechanism  920  may be actuated at a second time for a second time period. 
     Although two actuation mechanisms  920  are shown and described, the rotatable input mechanism  900  may contain a single actuation mechanism  920  or more than two actuation mechanisms  920 . In addition, the weights of the moveable masses  930  for each actuation mechanism  920  may be altered to change a haptic output provided by the rotatable input mechanism  900 . In some embodiments, the actuation mechanisms  920  may be actuated at a rate that overcomes friction. As such, the rotatable input mechanism  900  may act as a free-spinning wheel. 
       FIG. 10A  illustrates a top-down cross-section view of a rotatable input mechanism  1000  in a first state according to a sixth embodiment. The rotatable input mechanism  1000  includes a rotatable structure  1010  that is configured to rotate in the manner described above. The rotatable input mechanism  1000  also includes a rotating center plate  1020 . The rotating center plate  1020  includes a number of detent features around a perimeter. The detent features interact with a ball and spring component  1030  (or other feedback mechanism) that is mounted on an inner surface of the rotatable structure  1010 . For example, as the rotatable structure  1010  rotates (such as shown in  FIG. 10B ), the ball and spring component  1030  travels over the hills and valleys of the detent features of the rotating center plate  1020  to provide a haptic output. 
     The rotatable input mechanism  1000  may also include an encoder  1040 , such as, for example, an optical encoder, that tracks, detects, or otherwise determines rotational movement of the rotatable input mechanism  1000  and/or the rotating center plate  1020 . The encoder  1040  may be coupled to a base portion of the rotatable input mechanism  1000 . 
     In operation, the rotating center plate  1020  may freely rotate with the rotatable structure  1010 . In such implementations, haptic output is not provided as the ball and spring component  1030  does not travel over the detent features of the rotating center plate  1020 . However, the rotatable input mechanism  1000  also includes an electromagnet  1050  that locks the rotating center plate  1020  in place in response to a received electric signal or electric current. 
     More specifically, when the electromagnet  1050  is not activated, the rotating center plate  1020  may freely rotate about shaft  1060  when the rotatable structure  1010  is rotated. When the electromagnet  1050  is activated, the electromagnet  1050  prevents the rotating center plate  1020  from rotating. As a result, the ball and spring component  1030  travels over the detent features of the rotating center plate  1020  and provides the haptic output when the rotatable structure  1010  is rotated. 
     Because the electromagnet  1050  may be selectively activated and deactivated, the frequency of the haptic output may be programmable or otherwise adjustable. For example, the electromagnet  1050  may be activated every 90 degrees that the rotatable structure  1010  is rotated. Thus, the haptic output is provided every quarter of a turn. In other implementations, the electromagnet  1050  may be activated every 15 degrees that the rotatable structure  1010  is rotated to provide an increased frequency of the haptic output. 
     In some embodiments, the encoder  1040  may track the speed of rotation of the rotating center plate  1020  and the degree of rotation of the rotating center plate  1020  and relay that information to a processing unit of the device in which the rotatable input mechanism  1000  is associated or integrated. The processing unit may then cause the electromagnet  1050  to be activated and deactivated accordingly to provide the desired haptic output. 
       FIG. 11A  illustrates a top-down cross-section view of a rotatable input mechanism  1100  in a first state according to a seventh embodiment. The rotatable input mechanism  1100  may include similar components to the rotatable input mechanism  1000  ( FIGS. 10A-10B ) described above. For example, the rotatable input mechanism  1100  may include a rotatable structure  1110 , a rotating center plate  1120  having various detent features, a ball and spring component  1130  or other such feedback mechanism that interacts with the detent features and an encoder  1140  coupled to a base portion of the rotatable input mechanism  1100 . Each of these components may operate in a similar manner such as described above. 
     However, in this particular implementation, the rotatable input mechanism  1100  also includes a motor  1150  that rotates the rotating center plate  1120 . The motor  1150  may rotate the rotating center plate  1120  in various directions. In some implementations, the motor  1150  may be coupled or otherwise be attached to a base portion of the rotatable input mechanism  1100 . The motor  1150  may also include an encoder to track the rotation of the motor and/or the rotating center plate  1120 . 
     The motor  1150  may rotate the rotating center plate  1120  in a direction and speed similar to the rotational direction and speed of the rotatable structure  1110 . In other implementations, the motor  1150  may rotate the rotating center plate  1120  in a direction opposite from the direction of rotation of the rotatable structure  1110  to provide an increased frequency of the haptic output. For example, the rotatable structure  1110  may be rotated in a clockwise direction (such as shown in  FIG. 11B ) at a first speed, and the motor  1150  may rotate the rotating center plate  1120  in the clockwise direction at a second speed to provide a first frequency of haptic output. In other implementations, the rotatable structure  1110  may be rotated in a clockwise direction at the first speed, and the motor  1150  may rotate the rotating center plate  1120  in a counterclockwise direction at a second speed to increase the frequency of the haptic output. Accordingly, the frequency and type of the haptic output of the rotatable input mechanism  1100  may be entirely programmable or adjustable. 
       FIG. 12A  illustrates a top-down cross-section view of a rotatable input mechanism  1200  in a first state according to an eighth embodiment. The rotatable input mechanism  1200  includes a rotatable structure  1210  that may rotate in a clockwise and/or a counterclockwise direction. The rotatable input mechanism  1200  also includes a cam and motor  1220  that is coupled to moveable brake mechanisms  1230 . In some embodiments, the moveable brake mechanisms  1230  may include an engagement surface  1240  that is configured to interact with inner surfaces of the rotatable structure  1210 . 
     For example, when the cam and motor  1220  is activated, the moveable brake mechanisms  1230  move from a first position (in which the moveable brake mechanisms  1230  are disengaged from the inner sidewall of the rotatable structure  1210 ) to a second position, in which the engagement surface  1240  of the moveable brake mechanisms  1230  engage the inner sidewall of the rotatable structure  1210  (such as shown in  FIG. 12B ). This may increase friction between the brake mechanisms and rotatable structure. Due to the increased friction, the torque required to rotate the rotatable input mechanism  1200  is increased. 
     In some embodiments, the cam and motor  1220  may be controllable such that the amount of friction provided by the moveable brake mechanisms  1230  is adjustable. For example, the amount of friction provided by the moveable brake mechanisms  1230  may vary from application to application. 
     The cam and motor  1220  also includes one or more return springs  1250  that are used to return the moveable brake mechanisms  1230  to their nominal state when friction is no longer needed and/or desired. In some embodiments, one or more stabilization mechanisms  1260  (e.g., stabilization springs) may be provided between the moveable brake mechanisms  1230  to maintain the positioning and the spacing of the moveable brake mechanisms  1230  with respect to one another. 
       FIG. 13  illustrates example components of an electronic device  1300  that may use or incorporate a rotatable input mechanism such as described above. As shown in  FIG. 13 , the electronic device  1300  includes at least one processor  1305  or processing unit configured to access a memory  1310 . The memory  1310  may have various instructions, computer programs, or other data stored thereon. The instructions may be configured to perform one or more of the operations or functions described with respect to the electronic device  1300 . For example, the instructions may be configured to control or coordinate the operation of the display  1335 , one or more input/output components  1315 , actuation of the motor, electromagnets, and so on such as described above, one or more communication channels  1320 , one or more sensors  1325 , a speaker  1330 , and/or one or more haptic actuators  1340 . 
     The processor  1305  may be implemented as any electronic device capable of processing, receiving, or transmitting data or instructions. For example, the processor  1305  can be a microprocessor, a central processing unit (CPU), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signal processor (DSP), or combinations of such devices. 
     The memory  1310  can store electronic data that can be used by the electronic device  1300 . For example, the memory  1310  can store electrical data or content such as, for example, audio and video files, documents and applications, device settings and user preferences, timing and control signals or data for the various modules, data structures or databases, and so on. The memory  1310  may also store instructions for determining when the motor, the electromagnets and other components are activated, the direction and speed of travel and so on such as described above. 
     The memory  1310  may be any type of memory such as, for example, random access memory, read-only memory, Flash memory, removable memory, or other types of storage elements, or combinations of such devices. 
     The electronic device  1300  may include various input and output components represented in  FIG. 13  as Input/Output  1315 . Although the input and output components are represented as a single item, the electronic device  1300  may include a number of different input components, including buttons, input surfaces, microphones, switches, rotatable crowns, dials and other input mechanisms for accepting user input. The input and output components may include one or more touch sensors and/or force sensors. For example, the display  1335  may be comprised of a display stack that includes one or more touch sensors and/or one or more force sensors that enable a user to provide input to the electronic device  1300 . 
     The electronic device  1300  may also include one or more communication channels  1320 . These communication channels  1320  may include one or more wireless interfaces that provide communications between the processor  1305  and an external device or other electronic device. In general, the one or more communication channels  1320  may be configured to transmit and receive data and/or signals that may be interpreted by instructions executed on the processor  1305 . In some cases, the external device is part of an external communication network that is configured to exchange data with other devices. Generally, the wireless interface may include, without limitation, radio frequency, optical, acoustic, and/or magnetic signals and may be configured to operate over a wireless interface or protocol. Example wireless interfaces include radio frequency cellular interfaces, fiber optic interfaces, acoustic interfaces, Bluetooth interfaces, Near Field Communication interfaces, infrared interfaces, USB interfaces, Wi-Fi interfaces, TCP/IP interfaces, network communications interfaces, or any conventional communication interfaces. 
     The electronic device  1300  may also include one or more sensors  1325 . Although a single representation of a sensor  1325  is shown in  FIG. 13 , the electronic device  1300  may have many sensors. These sensors may include resistive sensors, light sensors, capacitive sensors, biometric sensors, temperature sensors, accelerometers, gyroscopes, barometric sensors, moisture sensors, and so on. 
     One or more acoustic modules or speakers  1330  may also be included in the electronic device  1300 . The speaker  1330  may be configured to produce an audible sound or an acoustic signal. 
     As also shown in  FIG. 13 , the electronic device  1300  may include one or more haptic actuators  1340 . The haptic actuators  1340  may be any type of haptic actuator including rotational haptic devices, linear haptic actuators, piezoelectric devices, vibration elements, and so on. The haptic actuator  1340  is configured to provide punctuated and distinct feedback to a user of the electronic device  1300 . In some embodiments, the haptic actuator  1340  may work in conjunction with the rotatable input mechanisms described above to provide further distinctive haptic output. For example, the haptic actuator  1340  may be actuated at or near the same time that the rotatable input mechanisms described above provide or should provide haptic output. As a result, the strength or perceptibility of the haptic output may be increased. 
     In certain embodiments, the electronic device  1300  may include an internal battery  1345 . The internal battery  1345  may be used to store and provide power to the various components and modules of the electronic device  1300  including the haptic actuator  1340 . The battery  1345  may charge via a wireless charging system, although a wired charging system may also be used. 
     Various embodiments described herein disclose that in a nominal position, a spring mechanism biases a mass away from a friction surface. However, it is also contemplated that the spring mechanism may bias the mass against a friction surface. In such embodiments, when a magnetic component energizes, the magnetic component may exert a repulsive force on the mass, which causes the mass to be pushed away from the friction surface. In addition, the spring mechanisms in the embodiments described above may be configured to translate, compress, coil or uncoil as a result of the rotatable input mechanism rotating. 
     Although the above-described embodiments discuss rotatable input mechanisms, the various features disclosed herein may be used with linear input mechanisms (e.g., a button, a switch, or other mechanisms that slide, move, or are otherwise actuated in a linear manner). For example, as the linear input mechanism moves from a first position to a second position, one or more of the various components described above may selectively increase and decrease an amount of friction present in the linear input mechanism. As the amount of friction increases and decreases, an amount of force required to move the linear input mechanism may increase and decrease accordingly which may be used to simulate a haptic output of a linear input mechanism. 
     The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, used specific nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the specific details are not required in order to practice the described embodiments. Thus, the foregoing descriptions of the specific embodiments described herein are presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not targeted to be exhaustive or to limit the embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20180112
Publication Date: 20200303
Grant Date: 20200303
Priority Date: 20160227
Inventors: JACKSON, Benjamin G.
BAUGH, BRENTON A.
MCCLAIN, MEGAN A.
TAYLOR, STEVEN J.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G05G5/03", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/016", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G05G5/03", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G05G1/08", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G05G1/08", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G05G5/03", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/016", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G05G1/08", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 59680118