PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-10126930-B2
Application Number: US-201414536367-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Device, method, and graphical user interface for scrolling nested regions

Abstract:
A method is performed at an electronic device with a display, touch-sensitive surface and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. The method includes displaying a user interface with a first region and a second region embedded in the first, the second region also being independently scrollable such that its content can be moved without moving other content in the first region. In response to detecting a contact and movement of the contact when a focus selection is over the second region, and when the contact has a maximum intensity that is above a respective intensity threshold, content in the second region is translated on the display without other content translating the first region. When the contact has a maximum intensity that is below a respective intensity threshold, content in the first region is translated on the display.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions which, when executed by an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface and one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, cause the electronic device to:
 display a user interface, wherein:
 the user interface includes a first region and a second region; 
 the second region is embedded in the first region so that when content in the first region is moved, the second region moves together with the content in the first region; and 
 content in the second region is scrollable independently of other content in the first region; 
 
 detect, on the touch-sensitive surface, a contact that corresponds to a focus selector on the display at a location within the second region; 
 detect first movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to movement of the focus selector that starts while the focus selector is within the second region; and 
 in response to detecting the first movement of the contact that corresponds to movement of the focus selector that starts while the focus selector is within the second region:
 in accordance with a determination that the contact has a maximum intensity that is below a respective intensity threshold, translate content in the first region on the display; and 
 in accordance with a determination that the contact has a maximum intensity that is above the respective intensity threshold, translate content in the second region on the display without translating other content in the first region on the display. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 1 , including instructions which cause the device to, prior to detecting the first movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface:
 detect an increase in intensity of the contact above the respective intensity threshold; and 
 in response to detecting the increase in intensity of the contact above the respective intensity threshold, modify the display of the first region or the second region to indicate that movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface will cause content in the second region to be translated on the display without translating other content in the first region on the display. 
 
     
     
       3. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 1 , including instructions which cause the device to, in response to detecting movement of a second contact when the focus selector is at a location on the display within the first region that does not include the second region, translate, on the display, all content in the first region, including content not in the second region, without regard to whether the second contact is above or below the respective intensity threshold. 
     
     
       4. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 1 , wherein:
 translating content in the first region on the display includes translating content in the first region in two dimensions; and 
 translating content in the second region on the display includes translating content in the second region in one dimension. 
 
     
     
       5. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 1 , wherein:
 translating content in the first region on the display includes translating content in the first region in one dimension; and 
 translating content in the second region on the display includes translating content in the second region in two dimensions. 
 
     
     
       6. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 1 , wherein:
 content in the first region includes a displayed webpage; and 
 content in the second region includes a map embedded in the webpage. 
 
     
     
       7. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 1 , including instructions which cause the device to, after translating content in the second region on the display in accordance with the first movement of the contact without translating other content in the first region on the display:
 detect a decrease in intensity of the contact below the respective intensity threshold; 
 after detecting the decrease in intensity of the contact, detect second movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface; and 
 in response to detecting the second movement of the contact, continue to translate the content in second region on the display without translating other content in the first region on the display. 
 
     
     
       8. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 1 , including instructions which cause the device to, after translating content in the second region on the display in accordance with the first movement of the contact without translating other content in the first region on the display:
 detect a decrease in intensity of the contact below the respective intensity threshold; 
 after detecting the decrease in intensity of the contact, detect second movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface; and 
 in response to detecting the second movement of the contact, translate content in the first region on the display in conjunction with translating the second region on the display. 
 
     
     
       9. An electronic device, comprising: 
       a display; 
       a touch-sensitive surface; 
       one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface; 
       one or more processors; 
       memory; and 
       one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for:
 displaying a user interface, wherein:
 the user interface includes a first region and a second region; 
 the second region is embedded in the first region so that when content in the first region is moved, the second region moves together with the content in the first region; and 
 content in the second region is scrollable independently of other content in the first region; 
 
 detecting, on the touch-sensitive surface, a contact that corresponds to a focus selector on the display at a location within the second region; 
 detecting first movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to movement of the focus selector that starts while the focus selector is within the second region; and 
 in response to detecting the first movement of the contact that corresponds to movement of the focus selector that starts while the focus selector is within the second region:
 in accordance with a determination that the contact has a maximum intensity that is below a respective intensity threshold, translating content in the first region on the display; and 
 in accordance with a determination that the contact has a maximum intensity that is above the respective intensity threshold, translating content in the second region on the display without translating other content in the first region on the display. 
 
 
     
     
       10. The device of  claim 9 , including instructions for, prior to detecting the first movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface:
 detecting an increase in intensity of the contact above the respective intensity threshold; and 
 in response to detecting the increase in intensity of the contact above the respective intensity threshold, modifying the display of the first region or the second region to indicate that movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface will cause content in the second region to be translated on the display without translating other content in the first region on the display. 
 
     
     
       11. The device of  claim 9 , including instructions for, in response to detecting movement of a second contact when the focus selector is at a location on the display within the first region that does not include the second region, translating, on the display, all content in the first region, including content not in the second region, without regard to whether the second contact is above or below the respective intensity threshold. 
     
     
       12. The device of  claim 9 , wherein:
 translating content in the first region on the display includes translating content in the first region in two dimensions; and 
 translating content in the second region on the display includes translating content in the second region in one dimension. 
 
     
     
       13. The device of  claim 9 , wherein:
 translating content in the first region on the display includes translating content in the first region in one dimension; and 
 translating content in the second region on the display includes translating content in the second region in two dimensions. 
 
     
     
       14. The device of  claim 9 , wherein:
 content in the first region includes a displayed webpage; and 
 content in the second region includes a map embedded in the webpage. 
 
     
     
       15. The device of  claim 9 , including instructions for, after translating content in the second region on the display in accordance with the first movement of the contact without translating other content in the first region on the display:
 detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact below the respective intensity threshold; 
 after detecting the decrease in intensity of the contact, detecting second movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface; and 
 in response to detecting the second movement of the contact, continuing to translate the content in second region on the display without translating other content in the first region on the display. 
 
     
     
       16. The device of  claim 9 , including instructions for, after translating content in the second region on the display in accordance with the first movement of the contact without translating other content in the first region on the display:
 detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact below the respective intensity threshold; 
 after detecting the decrease in intensity of the contact, detecting second movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface; and 
 in response to detecting the second movement of the contact, translating content in the first region on the display in conjunction with translating the second region on the display. 
 
     
     
       17. A method, comprising: 
       at an electronic device with a touch-sensitive surface and a display, wherein the device includes one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface:
 displaying a user interface, wherein:
 the user interface includes a first region and a second region; 
 the second region is embedded in the first region so that when content in the first region is moved, the second region moves together with the content in the first region; and 
 content in the second region is scrollable independently of other content in the first region; 
 
 detecting, on the touch-sensitive surface, a contact that corresponds to a focus selector on the display at a location within the second region; 
 detecting first movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to movement of the focus selector that starts while the focus selector is within the second region; and 
 in response to detecting the first movement of the contact that corresponds to movement of the focus selector that starts while the focus selector is within the second region:
 in accordance with a determination that the contact has a maximum intensity that is below a respective intensity threshold, translating content in the first region on the display; and 
 in accordance with a determination that the contact has a maximum intensity that is above the respective intensity threshold, translating content in the second region on the display without translating other content in the first region on the display. 
 
 
     
     
       18. The method of  claim 17 , including, prior to detecting the first movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface:
 detecting an increase in intensity of the contact above the respective intensity threshold; and in response to detecting the increase in intensity of the contact above the respective intensity threshold, modifying the display of the first region or the second region to indicate that movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface will cause content in the second region to be translated on the display without translating other content in the first region on the display. 
 
     
     
       19. The method of  claim 17 , including, in response to detecting movement of a second contact when the focus selector is at a location on the display within the first region that does not include the second region, translating, on the display, all content in the first region, including content not in the second region, without regard to whether the second contact is above or below the respective intensity threshold. 
     
     
       20. The method of  claim 17 , wherein:
 translating content in the first region on the display includes translating content in the first region in two dimensions; and 
 translating content in the second region on the display includes translating content in the second region in one dimension. 
 
     
     
       21. The method of  claim 17 , wherein:
 translating content in the first region on the display includes translating content in the first region in one dimension; and 
 translating content in the second region on the display includes translating content in the second region in two dimensions. 
 
     
     
       22. The method of  claim 17 , wherein:
 content in the first region includes a displayed webpage; and content in the second region includes a map embedded in the webpage. 
 
     
     
       23. The method of  claim 17 , including, after translating content in the second region on the display in accordance with the first movement of the contact without translating other content in the first region on the display:
 detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact below the respective intensity threshold; 
 after detecting the decrease in intensity of the contact, detecting second movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface; and 
 in response to detecting the second movement of the contact, continuing to translate the content in second region on the display without translating other content in the first region on the display. 
 
     
     
       24. The method of  claim 17 , including, after translating content in the second region on the display in accordance with the first movement of the contact without translating other content in the first region on the display:
 detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact below the respective intensity threshold; 
 after detecting the decrease in intensity of the contact, detecting second movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface; and 
 in response to detecting the second movement of the contact, translating content in the first region on the display in conjunction with translating the second region on the display.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a Continuation of PCT Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2013/040056, filed on May 8, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Scrolling Nested Regions,” which claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,179, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Scrolling Nested Regions;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/747,278, filed Dec. 29, 2012, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Manipulating User Interface Objects with Visual and/or Haptic Feedback;” and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/688,227, filed May 9, 2012, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Manipulating User Interface Objects with Visual and/or Haptic Feedback,” which applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. 
     This application is also related to the following: U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,092, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Selecting Object within a Group of Objects;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,125, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Navigating User Interface Hierarchies;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,156, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Manipulating Framed Graphical Objects;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,171, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Displaying Additional Information in Response to a User Contact;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,191, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Displaying User Interface Objects Corresponding to an Application;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,211, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Facilitating User Interaction with Controls in a User Interface;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,239, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Forgoing Generation of Tactile Output for a Multi-Contact Gesture;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,284, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Providing Tactile Feedback for Operations Performed in a User Interface;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,287, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Providing Feedback for Changing Activation States of a User Interface Object;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,363, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Transitioning between Touch Input to Display Output Relationships;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,367, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Moving a User Interface Object Based on an Intensity of a Press Input;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,265, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Transitioning between Display States in Response to a Gesture;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,373, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Managing Activation of a Control Based on Contact Intensity;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,412, filed on Mar. 13, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Displaying Content Associated with a Corresponding Affordance;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,413, filed on Mar. 13, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Selecting User Interface Objects;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,414, filed on Mar. 13, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Moving and Dropping a User Interface Object;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,416, filed on Mar. 13, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Determining Whether to Scroll or Select Content;” and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,418, filed on Mar. 13, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Switching between User Interfaces,” which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
     This application is also related to the following: U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/645,033, filed on May 9, 2012, entitled “Adaptive Haptic Feedback for Electronic Devices;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/665,603, filed on Jun. 28, 2012, entitled “Adaptive Haptic Feedback for Electronic Devices;” and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/681,098, filed on Aug. 8, 2012, entitled “Adaptive Haptic Feedback for Electronic Devices,” which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This relates generally to electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces, including but not limited to electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces that detect inputs for manipulating user interfaces. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The use of touch-sensitive surfaces as input devices for computers and other electronic computing devices has increased significantly in recent years. Exemplary touch-sensitive surfaces include touch pads and touch screen displays. Such surfaces are widely used to manipulate user interface objects on a display. 
     Exemplary manipulations include adjusting the position and/or size of one or more user interface objects or activating buttons or opening files/applications represented by user interface objects, as well as associating metadata with one or more user interface objects or otherwise manipulating user interfaces. Exemplary user interface objects include digital images, video, text, icons, control elements such as buttons and other graphics. A user will, in some circumstances, need to perform such manipulations on user interface objects in a file management program (e.g., Finder from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), an image management application (e.g., Aperture or iPhoto from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), a digital content (e.g., videos and music) management application (e.g., iTunes from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), a drawing application, a presentation application (e.g., Keynote from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), a word processing application (e.g., Pages from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), a website creation application (e.g., iWeb from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), a disk authoring application (e.g., iDVD from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), or a spreadsheet application (e.g., Numbers from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.). 
     But existing methods for performing these manipulations are cumbersome and inefficient. In addition, existing methods take longer than necessary, thereby wasting energy. This latter consideration is particularly important in battery-operated devices. 
     SUMMARY 
     Accordingly, there is a need for electronic devices with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for manipulating user interfaces. Such methods and interfaces optionally complement or replace conventional methods for manipulating user interfaces. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges. 
     The above deficiencies and other problems associated with user interfaces for electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces are reduced or eliminated by the disclosed devices. In some embodiments, the device is a desktop computer. In some embodiments, the device is portable (e.g., a notebook computer, tablet computer, or handheld device). In some embodiments, the device has a touchpad. In some embodiments, the device has a touch-sensitive display (also known as a “touch screen” or “touch screen display”). In some embodiments, the device has a graphical user interface (GUI), one or more processors, memory and one or more modules, programs or sets of instructions stored in the memory for performing multiple functions. In some embodiments, the user interacts with the GUI primarily through finger contacts and gestures on the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the functions optionally include image editing, drawing, presenting, word processing, website creating, disk authoring, spreadsheet making, game playing, telephoning, video conferencing, e-mailing, instant messaging, workout support, digital photographing, digital videoing, web browsing, digital music playing, and/or digital video playing. Executable instructions for performing these functions are, optionally, included in a non-transitory computer readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors. 
     There is a need for electronic devices with faster, more efficient methods and user interfaces for scrolling content in regions within said user interfaces by using user inputs, such as inputs on a track pad, touch screen or a mouse. In particular, there is a need for electronic devices with faster, more efficient methods for distinguishing whether to scroll a first region or a second region that is embedded, or nested, in the first region. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for scrolling regions within interfaces. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. The method includes displaying a user interface. The user interface includes a first region and a second region. The second region is embedded in the first region so that when content in the first region is moved, the second region moves together with the content in the first region. Content in second region is scrollable independently of other content in the first region. The method further includes detecting, on the touch-sensitive surface, a contact that corresponds to a focus selector on the display and detecting first movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface. The method further includes, in response to detecting the first movement of the contact when the focus selector is at a location on the display within the second region, in accordance with a determination that the contact has a maximum intensity that is below a respective intensity threshold, translating content in the first region on the display, and, in accordance with a determination that the contact has a maximum intensity that is above the respective intensity threshold, translating content in the second region on the display without translating other content in the first region on the display. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display a user interface. The user interface includes a first region and a second region. The second region is embedded in the first region so that when content in the first region is moved, the second region moves together with the content in the first region. Content in second region is scrollable independently of other content in the first region. The electronic device further includes a touch-sensitive surface unit configured to detect a contact that corresponds to a focus selector on the display unit and detect first movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface unit. The electronic device further includes a processing unit coupled to the display unit and the touch-sensitive surface unit, the processing unit configured to, in response to detecting the first movement of the contact when the focus selector is at a location on the display unit within the second region and in accordance with a determination that the contact has a maximum intensity that is below a respective intensity threshold, translate content in the first region on the display unit. The processing unit is further configured to, in response to detecting the first movement of the contact when the focus selector is at a location on the display unit within the second region and in accordance with a determination that the contact has a maximum intensity that is above the respective intensity threshold, translate content in the second region on the display unit without translating other content in the first region on the display unit. 
     Thus, electronic devices with displays, touch-sensitive surfaces and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface are provided with faster, more efficient methods and user interfaces for scrolling regions within said user interfaces, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for scrolling regions within user interfaces. 
     There is a need for electronic devices with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for displaying word definitions. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for displaying word definitions. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: displaying a plurality of words in an electronic document on the display, where the plurality of words include a respective word, and while a focus selector is at a location corresponding to the respective word, detecting a gesture that includes a contact on the touch-sensitive surface. The method further includes, in response to detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determination that the contact had a maximum intensity during the gesture that was below a respective intensity threshold, displaying a user interface for interacting with the respective word within the electronic document on the display; and in accordance with a determination that the contact reached an intensity during the gesture that was above the respective intensity threshold, displaying a definition for the respective word on the display. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display a plurality of words in an electronic document, where the plurality of words include a respective word; a touch-sensitive surface unit configured to receive gestures, the gestures including contacts on the touch-sensitive surface unit; and one or more sensors units configured to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit; and a processing unit coupled to the display unit, the touch-sensitive surface unit and the sensor units. The processing unit is configured to: while a focus selector is at a location corresponding to the respective word, detect a gesture that includes a contact on the touch-sensitive surface. The processing unit is further configured to, in response to detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determination that the contact had a maximum intensity during the gesture that was below a respective intensity threshold, enable display of a user interface for interacting with the respective word within the electronic document on the display; and in accordance with a determination that the contact reached an intensity during the gesture that was above the respective intensity threshold, enable display of a definition for the respective word on the display. 
     Thus, electronic devices with displays, touch-sensitive surfaces and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface are provided with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for displaying word definitions, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for displaying word definitions. 
     There is a need for electronic devices with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for displaying content associated with a hyperlink. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for displaying content associated with a hyperlink. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: displaying, on the display, an electronic document in a first tabbed window of an application with a tabbed document interface, the electronic document including a hyperlink; while a focus selector is over the hyperlink, detecting a press input from a contact on the touch-sensitive surface, the contact having an intensity. The method further includes, in accordance with a determination that the intensity of the contact is above a first intensity threshold, displaying, within the first tabbed window, a representation of a tab surrounding or proximate to the hyperlink in the electronic document; detecting a liftoff of the contact from the touch-sensitive surface while the focus selector is over the hyperlink. The method also includes, in response to detecting the liftoff of the contact from the touch-sensitive surface: in accordance with a determination that the contact met predefined intensity criteria, loading content associated with the hyperlink in a second tabbed window, different from the first tabbed window, while maintaining the electronic document in the first tabbed window, and in accordance with a determination that the contact did not meet the predefined intensity criteria, replacing the electronic document in the first tabbed window with the content associated with the hyperlink. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display an electronic document in a first tabbed window of an application with a tabbed document interface, the electronic document including a hyperlink; a touch-sensitive surface unit configured to receive contacts; one or more sensor unit configured to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit; and a processing unit coupled to the display unit, the touch-sensitive surface unit, and the sensor unit. The processing unit is configured to: while a focus selector is over the hyperlink, detect a press input from a contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit, the contact having an intensity; in accordance with a determination that the intensity of the contact is above a first intensity threshold, enable display of, within the first tabbed window, a representation of a tab surrounding or proximate to the hyperlink in the electronic document. The processing unit is further configured to detect a liftoff of the contact from the touch-sensitive surface unit while the focus selector is over the hyperlink; and in response to detecting the liftoff of the contact from the touch-sensitive surface unit: in accordance with a determination that the liftoff of the contact met predefined intensity criteria, load content associated with the hyperlink in a second tabbed window, different from the first tabbed window, while maintaining the electronic document in the first tabbed window; and in accordance with a determination that the liftoff of the contact did not meet the predefined intensity criteria, replace the electronic document in the first tabbed window with the content associated with the hyperlink. 
     Thus, electronic devices with displays, touch-sensitive surfaces and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface are provided with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for displaying content associated with a hyperlink, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for displaying content associated with a hyperlink. 
     There is a need for electronic devices with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for enlarging content in a document. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for enlarging content in a document. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: displaying, on the display, an electronic document that includes a first content element and a second content element; detecting a first gesture that includes movement of two or more contacts relative to each other on the touch-sensitive surface while a focus selector is at a location corresponding to the first content element; and in response to detecting the first gesture: in accordance with a determination that the two or more contacts meet respective contact intensity criteria, enlarging the first content element relative to the second content element, and in accordance with a determination that the two or more contacts do not meet the respective contact intensity criteria, zooming the electronic document so that the first content element and the second content element are both enlarged on the display by a same amount. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display an electronic document that includes a first content element and a second content element; a touch-sensitive surface unit configured to receive gestures that include contacts; one or more sensors configured to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit; and a processing unit coupled to the display unit, the touch-sensitive surface unit, and the sensors. The processing unit is configured to: detect a first gesture that includes movement of two or more contacts relative to each other on the touch-sensitive surface unit while a focus selector is at a location corresponding to the first content element; and in response to detecting the first gesture: in accordance with a determination that the two or more contacts meet respective contact intensity criteria, enlarge the first content element relative to the second content element, and in accordance with a determination that the two or more contacts do not meet the respective contact intensity criteria, zoom the electronic document so that the first content element and the second content element are both enlarged on the display unit by a same amount. 
     Thus, electronic devices with displays, touch-sensitive surfaces, and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface are provided with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for enlarging content in a document, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for enlarging content in a document. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display, a touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, one or more processors, memory, and one or more programs; the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors and the one or more programs include instructions for performing the operations of any of the methods referred to in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments. In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface on an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, a memory, and one or more processors to execute one or more programs stored in the memory includes one or more of the elements displayed in any of the methods referred to in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments, which are updated in response to inputs, as described in any of the methods referred to in the fifthe paragraph of the Description of Embodiments. In accordance with some embodiments, a computer readable storage medium has stored therein instructions which when executed by an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, cause the device to perform the operations of any of the methods referred to in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments . In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes: a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface; and means for performing the operations of any of the methods referred to in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments. In accordance with some embodiments, an information processing apparatus, for use in an electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, includes means for performing the operations of any of the methods referred to in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a better understanding of the various described embodiments, reference should be made to the Description of Embodiments below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures. 
         FIG. 1A  is a block diagram illustrating a portable multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 1B  is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a portable multifunction device having a touch screen in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 4A  illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu of applications on a portable multifunction device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 4B  illustrates an exemplary user interface for a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 5A-5I  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for scrolling regions within said user interfaces in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 6A-6C  are flow diagrams illustrating a method of scrolling regions within user interfaces in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 7  is a functional block diagram of an electronic device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 8A-8N  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for displaying word definitions in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 9A-9B  are flow diagrams illustrating a method of displaying word definitions in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 10  is a functional block diagram of an electronic device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 11A-11Z  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for displaying content associated with a hyperlink in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 12A-12B  are flow diagrams illustrating a method of displaying content associated with a hyperlink in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 13  is a functional block diagram of an electronic device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 14A-14O  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for enlarging content in a document in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 15A-15C  are flow diagrams illustrating a method of enlarging content in a document in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 16  is a functional block diagram of an electronic device in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     The methods, devices and GUIs described herein provide visual and/or haptic feedback that makes manipulation of user interface objects more efficient and intuitive for a user. For example, in a system where the clicking action of a trackpad is decoupled from the contact intensity (e.g., contact force, contact pressure, or a substitute therefore) that is needed to reach an activation threshold, the device can generate different tactile outputs (e.g., “different clicks”) for different activation events (e.g., so that clicks that accomplish a particular result are differentiated from clicks that do not produce any result or that accomplish a different result from the particular result). Additionally, tactile outputs can be generated in response to other events that are not related to increasing intensity of a contact, such as generating a tactile output (e.g., a “detent”) when a user interface object is moved to a particular position, boundary or orientation, or when an event occurs at the device. 
     Additionally, in a system where a trackpad or touch-screen display is sensitive to a range of contact intensity that includes more than one or two specific intensity values (e.g., more than a simple on/off, binary intensity determination), the user interface can provide responses (e.g., visual or tactile cues) that are indicative of the intensity of the contact within the range. In some implementations, a pre-activation-threshold response and/or a post-activation-threshold response to an input are displayed as continuous animations. As one example of such a response, a preview of an operation is displayed in response to detecting an increase in contact intensity that is still below an activation threshold for performing the operation. As another example of such a response, an animation associated with an operation continues even after the activation threshold for the operation has been reached. Both of these examples provide a user with a continuous response to the force or pressure of a user&#39;s contact, which provides a user with visual and/or haptic feedback that is richer and more intuitive. More specifically, such continuous force responses give the user the experience of being able to press lightly to preview an operation and/or press deeply to push “past” or “through” a predefined user interface state corresponding to the operation. 
     Additionally, for a device with a touch-sensitive surface that is sensitive to a range of contact intensity, multiple contact intensity thresholds can be monitored by the device and different functions can be mapped to different contact intensity thresholds. This serves to increase the available “gesture space” providing easy access to advanced features for users who know that increasing the intensity of a contact at or beyond a second “deep press” intensity threshold will cause the device to perform a different operation from an operation that would be performed if the intensity of the contact is between a first “activation” intensity threshold and the second “deep press” intensity threshold. An advantage of assigning additional functionality to a second “deep press” intensity threshold while maintaining familiar functionality at a first “activation” intensity threshold is that inexperienced users who are, in some circumstances, confused by the additional functionality can use the familiar functionality by just applying an intensity up to the first “activation” intensity threshold, whereas more experienced users can take advantage of the additional functionality by applying an intensity at the second “deep press” intensity threshold. 
     Additionally, for a device with a touch-sensitive surface that is sensitive to a range of contact intensity, the device can provide additional functionality by allowing users to perform complex operations with a single continuous contact. For example, when selecting a group of objects, a user can move a continuous contact around the touch-sensitive surface and can press while dragging (e.g., applying an intensity greater than a “deep press” intensity threshold) to add additional elements to a selection. In this way, a user can intuitively interact with a user interface where pressing harder with a contact causes objects in the user interface to be “stickier.” 
     A number of different approaches to providing an intuitive user interface on a device where a clicking action is decoupled from the force that is needed to reach an activation threshold and/or the device is sensitive to a wide range of contact intensities are described below. Using one or more of these approaches (optionally in conjunction with each other) helps to provide a user interface that intuitively provides users with additional information and functionality, thereby reducing the user&#39;s cognitive burden and improving the human-machine interface. Such improvements in the human-machine interface enable users to use the device faster and more efficiently. For battery-operated devices, these improvements conserve power and increase the time between battery charges. For ease of explanation, systems, methods and user interfaces for including illustrative examples of some of these approaches are described below, as follows:
         Many electronic devices have graphical user interfaces with nested regions for displaying content (e.g., a map nested within a displayed webpage). Consequently, there is a need for methods and user interfaces capable of determining whether such a contact or gesture on a touch-sensitive surface corresponds to a request to scroll a larger region containing an embedded region or the embedded region itself. The embodiments below provide methods for determining which region to scroll based on the location of a contact as well as the intensity of the contact, thereby providing added control to the user and improving the ease of manipulation of a nested or embedded scrollable region. In particular,  FIGS. 5A-5I  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for scrolling regions within said user interfaces.  FIGS. 6A-6C  are flow diagrams illustrating a method of scrolling regions within user interfaces. The user interfaces in  FIGS. 5A-5I  are used to illustrate the processes in  FIGS. 6A-6C .   When a user is reading or entering text in an electronic document, a user may wish to obtain a definition for a word. However, some methods for obtaining the definition for a word include multiple steps such as navigation through a series of menus or dialogues that are inconvenient and distracting for a user. The embodiments below provide methods and user interfaces for allowing the user to activate display of a definition for a word by performing a gesture with contact whose intensity goes above an intensity threshold, thereby providing a more efficient and intuitive user interface for displaying definitions of words in a document. In particular, Below,  FIGS. 8A-8N  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for displaying word definitions.  FIGS. 9A-9B  are flow diagrams illustrating a method of displaying word definitions. The user interfaces in  FIGS. 8A-8N  are used to illustrate the processes in  FIGS. 9A-9B .   Some applications have tabbed document interfaces, where multiple documents are, in some circumstances, opened in respective tabbed windows within one application window, and the user may switch between the tabbed windows within the application window to view the multiple documents. However determining whether to load a document in a new tabbed window or in the current tabbed window sometimes is based on navigation through a series of menus or dialogues that are inconvenient and distracting for a user. The embodiments described below provide methods and user interfaces for giving a user per-document control over whether to load a document in a new tabbed window or in the current tabbed window based on an intensity of a contact, thereby providing a more efficient and intuitive user interface for loading a document in a tabbed document interface. In particular,  FIGS. 11A-11Z  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for displaying content associated with a hyperlink.  FIGS. 12A-12B  are flow diagrams illustrating a method of displaying content associated with a hyperlink. The user interfaces in  FIGS. 11A-11Z  are used to illustrate the processes in  FIGS. 12A-12B .   Many electronic documents have multiple content elements (e.g., images, a main article or body text, and advertisements, etc.), however focusing on a particular content element can be difficult when other content elements are distracting. Moreover, some methods for zooming or otherwise emphasizing a content element include multiple steps such as navigation through a series of menus or dialogues that are inconvenient and distracting for a user. The embodiments described below provide methods and user interfaces for enlarging a particular content element based on an intensity of one or more contacts, thereby providing a more efficient and intuitive user interface for enlarging a content element in a document. In particular,  FIGS. 14A-14O  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for enlarging content in a document.  FIGS. 15A-15C  are flow diagrams illustrating a method of enlarging content in a document. The user interfaces in  FIGS. 14A-14O  are used to illustrate the processes in  FIGS. 15A-15C .       

     Exemplary Devices 
     Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the various described embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments. 
     It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. are, in some instances, used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first contact could be termed a second contact, and, similarly, a second contact could be termed a first contact, without departing from the scope of the various described embodiments. The first contact and the second contact are both contacts, but they are not the same contact. 
     The terminology used in the description of the various described embodiments herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various described embodiments and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     As used herein, the term “if” is, optionally, construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” is, optionally, construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event],” depending on the context. 
     Embodiments of electronic devices, user interfaces for such devices, and associated processes for using such devices are described. In some embodiments, the device is a portable communications device, such as a mobile telephone, that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/or music player functions. Exemplary embodiments of portable multifunction devices include, without limitation, the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. Other portable electronic devices, such as laptops or tablet computers with touch-sensitive surfaces (e.g., touch screen displays and/or touch pads), are, optionally, used. It should also be understood that, in some embodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but is a desktop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch screen display and/or a touch pad). 
     In the discussion that follows, an electronic device that includes a display and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should be understood, however, that the electronic device optionally includes one or more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physical keyboard, a mouse and/or a joystick. 
     The device typically supports a variety of applications, such as one or more of the following: a drawing application, a presentation application, a word processing application, a website creation application, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheet application, a gaming application, a telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, a workout support application, a photo management application, a digital camera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing application, a digital music player application, and/or a digital video player application. 
     The various applications that are executed on the device optionally use at least one common physical user-interface device, such as the touch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitive surface as well as corresponding information displayed on the device are, optionally, adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physical architecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the device optionally supports the variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and transparent to the user. 
     Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable devices with touch-sensitive displays.  FIG. 1A  is a block diagram illustrating portable multifunction device  100  with touch-sensitive displays  112  in accordance with some embodiments. Touch-sensitive display  112  is sometimes called a “touch screen” for convenience, and is sometimes known as or called a touch-sensitive display system. Device  100  includes memory  102  (which optionally includes one or more computer readable storage mediums), memory controller  122 , one or more processing units (CPU&#39;s)  120 , peripherals interface  118 , RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , input/output (I/O) subsystem  106 , other input or control devices  116 , and external port  124 . Device  100  optionally includes one or more optical sensors  164 . Device  100  optionally includes one or more intensity sensors  165  for detecting intensity of contacts on device  100  (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive display system  112  of device  100 ). Device  100  optionally includes one or more tactile output generators  167  for generating tactile outputs on device  100  (e.g., generating tactile outputs on a touch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive display system  112  of device  100  or touchpad  355  of device  300 ). These components optionally communicate over one or more communication buses or signal lines  103 . 
     As used in the specification and claims, the term “intensity” of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface refers to the force or pressure (force per unit area) of a contact (e.g., a finger contact) on the touch sensitive surface, or to a substitute (proxy) for the force or pressure of a contact on the touch sensitive surface. The intensity of a contact has a range of values that includes at least four distinct values and more typically includes hundreds of distinct values (e.g., at least 256). Intensity of a contact is, optionally, determined (or measured) using various approaches and various sensors or combinations of sensors. For example, one or more force sensors underneath or adjacent to the touch-sensitive surface are, optionally, used to measure force at various points on the touch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, force measurements from multiple force sensors are combined (e.g., a weighted average) to determine an estimated force of a contact. Similarly, a pressure-sensitive tip of a stylus is, optionally, used to determine a pressure of the stylus on the touch-sensitive surface. Alternatively, the size of the contact area detected on the touch-sensitive surface and/or changes thereto, the capacitance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto, and/or the resistance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto are, optionally, used as a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are used directly to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is described in units corresponding to the substitute measurements). In some implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are converted to an estimated force or pressure and the estimated force or pressure is used to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is a pressure threshold measured in units of pressure). 
     As used in the specification and claims, the term “tactile output” refers to physical displacement of a device relative to a previous position of the device, physical displacement of a component (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface) of a device relative to another component (e.g., housing) of the device, or displacement of the component relative to a center of mass of the device that will be detected by a user with the user&#39;s sense of touch. For example, in situations where the device or the component of the device is in contact with a surface of a user that is sensitive to touch (e.g., a finger, palm, or other part of a user&#39;s hand), the tactile output generated by the physical displacement will be interpreted by the user as a tactile sensation corresponding to a perceived change in physical characteristics of the device or the component of the device. For example, movement of a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch-sensitive display or trackpad) is, optionally, interpreted by the user as a “down click” or “up click” of a physical actuator button. In some cases, a user will feel a tactile sensation such as an “down click” or “up click” even when there is no movement of a physical actuator button associated with the touch-sensitive surface that is physically pressed (e.g., displaced) by the user&#39;s movements. As another example, movement of the touch-sensitive surface is, optionally, interpreted or sensed by the user as “roughness” of the touch-sensitive surface, even when there is no change in smoothness of the touch-sensitive surface. While such interpretations of touch by a user will be subject to the individualized sensory perceptions of the user, there are many sensory perceptions of touch that are common to a large majority of users. Thus, when a tactile output is described as corresponding to a particular sensory perception of a user (e.g., an “up click,” a “down click,” “roughness”), unless otherwise stated, the generated tactile output corresponds to physical displacement of the device or a component thereof that will generate the described sensory perception for a typical (or average) user. 
     It should be appreciated that device  100  is only one example of a portable multifunction device, and that device  100  optionally has more or fewer components than shown, optionally combines two or more components, or optionally has a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown in  FIG. 1A  are implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both hardware and software, including one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits. 
     Memory  102  optionally includes high-speed random access memory and optionally also includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Access to memory  102  by other components of device  100 , such as CPU  120  and the peripherals interface  118 , is, optionally, controlled by memory controller  122 . 
     Peripherals interface  118  can be used to couple input and output peripherals of the device to CPU  120  and memory  102 . The one or more processors  120  run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in memory  102  to perform various functions for device  100  and to process data. 
     In some embodiments, peripherals interface  118 , CPU  120 , and memory controller  122  are, optionally, implemented on a single chip, such as chip  104 . In some other embodiments, they are, optionally, implemented on separate chips. 
     RF (radio frequency) circuitry  108  receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  108  converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  108  optionally includes well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RF circuitry  108  optionally communicates with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), Evolution, Data-Only (EV-DO), HSPA, HSPA+, Dual-Cell HSPA (DC-HSPDA), long term evolution (LTE), near field communication (NFC), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document. 
     Audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , and microphone  113  provide an audio interface between a user and device  100 . Audio circuitry  110  receives audio data from peripherals interface  118 , converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to speaker  111 . Speaker  111  converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves. Audio circuitry  110  also receives electrical signals converted by microphone  113  from sound waves. Audio circuitry  110  converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to peripherals interface  118  for processing. Audio data is, optionally, retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory  102  and/or RF circuitry  108  by peripherals interface  118 . In some embodiments, audio circuitry  110  also includes a headset jack (e.g.,  212 ,  FIG. 2 ). The headset jack provides an interface between audio circuitry  110  and removable audio input/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headset with both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input (e.g., a microphone). 
     I/O subsystem  106  couples input/output peripherals on device  100 , such as touch screen  112  and other input control devices  116 , to peripherals interface  118 . I/O subsystem  106  optionally includes display controller  156 , optical sensor controller  158 , intensity sensor controller  159 , haptic feedback controller  161  and one or more input controllers  160  for other input or control devices. The one or more input controllers  160  receive/send electrical signals from/to other input or control devices  116 . The other input control devices  116  optionally include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s)  160  are, optionally, coupled to any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, infrared port, USB port, and a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g.,  208 ,  FIG. 2 ) optionally include an up/down button for volume control of speaker  111  and/or microphone  113 . The one or more buttons optionally include a push button (e.g.,  206 ,  FIG. 2 ). 
     Touch-sensitive display  112  provides an input interface and an output interface between the device and a user. Display controller  156  receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to touch screen  112 . Touch screen  112  displays visual output to the user. The visual output optionally includes graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all of the visual output corresponds to user-interface objects. 
     Touch screen  112  has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor or set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact. Touch screen  112  and display controller  156  (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory  102 ) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on touch screen  112  and converts the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages or images) that are displayed on touch screen  112 . In an exemplary embodiment, a point of contact between touch screen  112  and the user corresponds to a finger of the user. 
     Touch screen  112  optionally uses LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED (light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologies are used in other embodiments. Touch screen  112  and display controller  156  optionally detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of a plurality of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with touch screen  112 . In an exemplary embodiment, projected mutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. 
     Touch screen  112  optionally has a video resolution in excess of 100 dpi. In some embodiments, the touch screen has a video resolution of approximately 160 dpi. The user optionally makes contact with touch screen  112  using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to work primarily with finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired by the user. 
     In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, device  100  optionally includes a touchpad (not shown) for activating or deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output. The touchpad is, optionally, a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from touch screen  112  or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen. 
     Device  100  also includes power system  162  for powering the various components. Power system  162  optionally includes a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices. 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more optical sensors  164 .  FIG. 1A  shows an optical sensor coupled to optical sensor controller  158  in I/O subsystem  106 . Optical sensor  164  optionally includes charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistors. Optical sensor  164  receives light from the environment, projected through one or more lens, and converts the light to data representing an image. In conjunction with imaging module  143  (also called a camera module), optical sensor  164  optionally captures still images or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch screen display  112  on the front of the device, so that the touch screen display is enabled for use as a viewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition. In some embodiments, another optical sensor is located on the front of the device so that the user&#39;s image is, optionally, obtained for videoconferencing while the user views the other video conference participants on the touch screen display. 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more contact intensity sensors  165 .  FIG. 1A  shows a contact intensity sensor coupled to intensity sensor controller  159  in I/O subsystem  106 . Contact intensity sensor  165  optionally includes one or more piezoresistive strain gauges, capacitive force sensors, electric force sensors, piezoelectric force sensors, optical force sensors, capacitive touch-sensitive surfaces, or other intensity sensors (e.g., sensors used to measure the force (or pressure) of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface). Contact intensity sensor  165  receives contact intensity information (e.g., pressure information or a proxy for pressure information) from the environment. In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112 ). In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch screen display  112  which is located on the front of device  100 . 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more proximity sensors  166 .  FIG. 1A  shows proximity sensor  166  coupled to peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, proximity sensor  166  is coupled to input controller  160  in I/O subsystem  106 . In some embodiments, the proximity sensor turns off and disables touch screen  112  when the multifunction device is placed near the user&#39;s ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call). 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more tactile output generators  167 .  FIG. 1A  shows a tactile output generator coupled to haptic feedback controller  161  in I/O subsystem  106 . Tactile output generator  167  optionally includes one or more electroacoustic devices such as speakers or other audio components and/or electromechanical devices that convert energy into linear motion such as a motor, solenoid, electroactive polymer, piezoelectric actuator, electrostatic actuator, or other tactile output generating component (e.g., a component that converts electrical signals into tactile outputs on the device). Contact intensity sensor  165  receives tactile feedback generation instructions from haptic feedback module  133  and generates tactile outputs on device  100  that are capable of being sensed by a user of device  100 . In some embodiments, at least one tactile output generator is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112 ) and, optionally, generates a tactile output by moving the touch-sensitive surface vertically (e.g., in/out of a surface of device  100 ) or laterally (e.g., back and forth in the same plane as a surface of device  100 ). In some embodiments, at least one tactile output generator sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch screen display  112  which is located on the front of device  100 . 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more accelerometers  168 .  FIG. 1A  shows accelerometer  168  coupled to peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, accelerometer  168  is, optionally, coupled to an input controller  160  in I/O subsystem  106 . In some embodiments, information is displayed on the touch screen display in a portrait view or a landscape view based on an analysis of data received from the one or more accelerometers. Device  100  optionally includes, in addition to accelerometer(s)  168 , a magnetometer (not shown) and a GPS (or GLONASS or other global navigation system) receiver (not shown) for obtaining information concerning the location and orientation (e.g., portrait or landscape) of device  100 . 
     In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory  102  include operating system  126 , communication module (or set of instructions)  128 , contact/motion module (or set of instructions)  130 , graphics module (or set of instructions)  132 , text input module (or set of instructions)  134 , Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set of instructions)  135 , and applications (or sets of instructions)  136 . Furthermore, in some embodiments memory  102  stores device/global internal state  157 , as shown in  FIGS. 1A and 3 . Device/global internal state  157  includes one or more of: active application state, indicating which applications, if any, are currently active; display state, indicating what applications, views or other information occupy various regions of touch screen display  112 ; sensor state, including information obtained from the device&#39;s various sensors and input control devices  116 ; and location information concerning the device&#39;s location and/or attitude. 
     Operating system  126  (e.g., Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components. 
     Communication module  128  facilitates communication with other devices over one or more external ports  124  and also includes various software components for handling data received by RF circuitry  108  and/or external port  124 . External port  124  (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the 30-pin connector used on iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) devices. 
     Contact/motion module  130  optionally detects contact with touch screen  112  (in conjunction with display controller  156 ) and other touch sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). Contact/motion module  130  includes various software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact, such as determining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-down event), determining an intensity of the contact (e.g., the force or pressure of the contact or a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact) determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact). Contact/motion module  130  receives contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which is represented by a series of contact data, optionally includes determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. These operations are, optionally, applied to single contacts (e.g., one finger contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g., “multitouch”/multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments, contact/motion module  130  and display controller  156  detect contact on a touchpad. 
     In some embodiments, contact/motion module  130  uses a set of one or more intensity thresholds to determine whether an operation has been performed by a user (e.g., to determine whether a user has “clicked” on an icon). In some embodiments at least a subset of the intensity thresholds are determined in accordance with software parameters (e.g., the intensity thresholds are not determined by the activation thresholds of particular physical actuators and can be adjusted without changing the physical hardware of device  100 ). For example, a mouse “click” threshold of a trackpad or touch screen display can be set to any of a large range of predefined thresholds values without changing the trackpad or touch screen display hardware. Additionally, in some implementations a user of the device is provided with software settings for adjusting one or more of the set of intensity thresholds (e.g., by adjusting individual intensity thresholds and/or by adjusting a plurality of intensity thresholds at once with a system-level click “intensity” parameter). 
     Contact/motion module  130  optionally detects a gesture input by a user. Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contact patterns and intensities. Thus, a gesture is, optionally, detected by detecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a finger tap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event at the same position (or substantially the same position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequently followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event. 
     Graphics module  132  includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics on touch screen  112  or other display, including components for changing the visual impact (e.g., brightness, transparency, saturation, contrast or other visual property) of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics” includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including without limitation text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations and the like. 
     In some embodiments, graphics module  132  stores data representing graphics to be used. Each graphic is, optionally, assigned a corresponding code. Graphics module  132  receives, from applications etc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with, if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and then generates screen image data to output to display controller  156 . 
     Haptic feedback module  133  includes various software components for generating instructions used by tactile output generator(s)  167  to produce tactile outputs at one or more locations on device  100  in response to user interactions with device  100 . 
     Text input module  134 , which is, optionally, a component of graphics module  132 , provides soft keyboards for entering text in various applications (e.g., contacts  137 , e-mail  140 , IM  141 , browser  147 , and any other application that needs text input). 
     GPS module  135  determines the location of the device and provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone  138  for use in location-based dialing, to camera  143  as picture/video metadata, and to applications that provide location-based services such as weather widgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets). 
     Applications  136  optionally include the following modules (or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof:
         contacts module  137  (sometimes called an address book or contact list);   telephone module  138 ;   video conferencing module  139 ;   e-mail client module  140 ;   instant messaging (IM) module  141 ;   workout support module  142 ;   camera module  143  for still and/or video images;   image management module  144 ;   browser module  147 ;   calendar module  148 ;   widget modules  149 , which optionally include one or more of: weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  149 - 3 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , dictionary widget  149 - 5 , and other widgets obtained by the user, as well as user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   widget creator module  150  for making user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   search module  151 ;   video and music player module  152 , which is, optionally, made up of a video player module and a music player module;   notes module  153 ;   map module  154 ; and/or   online video module  155 .       

     Examples of other applications  136  that are, optionally, stored in memory  102  include other word processing applications, other image editing applications, drawing applications, presentation applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice replication. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , contacts module  137  are, optionally, used to manage an address book or contact list (e.g., stored in application internal state  192  of contacts module  137  in memory  102  or memory  370 ), including: adding name(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book; associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or other information with a name; associating an image with a name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers or e-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications by telephone  138 , video conference  139 , e-mail  140 , or IM  141 ; and so forth. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , telephone module  138  are, optionally, used to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers in address book  137 , modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation and disconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As noted above, the wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , contact list  137 , and telephone module  138 , videoconferencing module  139  includes executable instructions to initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user and one or more other participants in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140  includes executable instructions to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response to user instructions. In conjunction with image management module  144 , e-mail client module  140  makes it very easy to create and send e-mails with still or video images taken with camera module  143 . 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the instant messaging module  141  includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to an instant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit a respective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service (SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-based instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS for Internet-based instant messages), to receive instant messages and to view received instant messages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or received instant messages optionally include graphics, photos, audio files, video files and/or other attachments as are supported in a MMS and/or an Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging” refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , map module  154 , and music player module  146 , workout support module  142  includes executable instructions to create workouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burning goals); communicate with workout sensors (sports devices); receive workout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout; select and play music for a workout; and display, store and transmit workout data. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor(s)  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and image management module  144 , camera module  143  includes executable instructions to capture still images or video (including a video stream) and store them into memory  102 , modify characteristics of a still image or video, or delete a still image or video from memory  102 . 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and camera module  143 , image management module  144  includes executable instructions to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/or video images. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , browser module  147  includes executable instructions to browse the Internet in accordance with user instructions, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portions thereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , calendar module  148  includes executable instructions to create, display, modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendar entries, to do lists, etc.) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , widget modules  149  are mini-applications that are, optionally, downloaded and used by a user (e.g., weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  149 - 3 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , and dictionary widget  149 - 5 ) or created by the user (e.g., user-created widget  149 - 6 ). In some embodiments, a widget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In some embodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , the widget creator module  150  are, optionally, used by a user to create widgets (e.g., turning a user-specified portion of a web page into a widget). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , search module  151  includes executable instructions to search for text, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory  102  that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , and browser module  147 , video and music player module  152  includes executable instructions that allow the user to download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, and executable instructions to display, present or otherwise play back videos (e.g., on touch screen  112  or on an external, connected display via external port  124 ). In some embodiments, device  100  optionally includes the functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , notes module  153  includes executable instructions to create and manage notes, to do lists, and the like in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , and browser module  147 , map module  154  are, optionally, used to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data associated with maps (e.g., driving directions; data on stores and other points of interest at or near a particular location; and other location-based data) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , online video module  155  includes instructions that allow the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen or on an external, connected display via external port  124 ), send an e-mail with a link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats, such as H.264. In some embodiments, instant messaging module  141 , rather than e-mail client module  140 , is used to send a link to a particular online video. 
     Each of the above identified modules and applications correspond to a set of executable instructions for performing one or more functions described above and the methods described in this application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods described herein). These modules (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  102  optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  102  optionally stores additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     In some embodiments, device  100  is a device where operation of a predefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/or a touchpad as the primary input control device for operation of device  100 , the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) on device  100  is, optionally, reduced. 
     The predefined set of functions that are performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad optionally include navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by the user, navigates device  100  to a main, home, or root menu from any user interface that is displayed on device  100 . In such embodiments, a “menu button” is implemented using a touchpad. In some other embodiments, the menu button is a physical push button or other physical input control device instead of a touchpad. 
       FIG. 1B  is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  102  (in  FIG. 1A ) or  370  ( FIG. 3 ) includes event sorter  170  (e.g., in operating system  126 ) and a respective application  136 - 1  (e.g., any of the aforementioned applications  137 - 151 ,  155 ,  380 - 390 ). 
     Event sorter  170  receives event information and determines the application  136 - 1  and application view  191  of application  136 - 1  to which to deliver the event information. Event sorter  170  includes event monitor  171  and event dispatcher module  174 . In some embodiments, application  136 - 1  includes application internal state  192 , which indicates the current application view(s) displayed on touch sensitive display  112  when the application is active or executing. In some embodiments, device/global internal state  157  is used by event sorter  170  to determine which application(s) is (are) currently active, and application internal state  192  is used by event sorter  170  to determine application views  191  to which to deliver event information. 
     In some embodiments, application internal state  192  includes additional information, such as one or more of: resume information to be used when application  136 - 1  resumes execution, user interface state information that indicates information being displayed or that is ready for display by application  136 - 1 , a state queue for enabling the user to go back to a prior state or view of application  136 - 1 , and a redo/undo queue of previous actions taken by the user. 
     Event monitor  171  receives event information from peripherals interface  118 . Event information includes information about a sub-event (e.g., a user touch on touch-sensitive display  112 , as part of a multi-touch gesture). Peripherals interface  118  transmits information it receives from I/O subsystem  106  or a sensor, such as proximity sensor  166 , accelerometer(s)  168 , and/or microphone  113  (through audio circuitry  110 ). Information that peripherals interface  118  receives from I/O subsystem  106  includes information from touch-sensitive display  112  or a touch-sensitive surface. 
     In some embodiments, event monitor  171  sends requests to the peripherals interface  118  at predetermined intervals. In response, peripherals interface  118  transmits event information. In other embodiments, peripheral interface  118  transmits event information only when there is a significant event (e.g., receiving an input above a predetermined noise threshold and/or for more than a predetermined duration). 
     In some embodiments, event sorter  170  also includes a hit view determination module  172  and/or an active event recognizer determination module  173 . 
     Hit view determination module  172  provides software procedures for determining where a sub-event has taken place within one or more views, when touch sensitive display  112  displays more than one view. Views are made up of controls and other elements that a user can see on the display. 
     Another aspect of the user interface associated with an application is a set of views, sometimes herein called application views or user interface windows, in which information is displayed and touch-based gestures occur. The application views (of a respective application) in which a touch is detected optionally correspond to programmatic levels within a programmatic or view hierarchy of the application. For example, the lowest level view in which a touch is detected is, optionally, called the hit view, and the set of events that are recognized as proper inputs are, optionally, determined based, at least in part, on the hit view of the initial touch that begins a touch-based gesture. 
     Hit view determination module  172  receives information related to sub-events of a touch-based gesture. When an application has multiple views organized in a hierarchy, hit view determination module  172  identifies a hit view as the lowest view in the hierarchy which should handle the sub-event. In most circumstances, the hit view is the lowest level view in which an initiating sub-event occurs (i.e., the first sub-event in the sequence of sub-events that form an event or potential event). Once the hit view is identified by the hit view determination module, the hit view typically receives all sub-events related to the same touch or input source for which it was identified as the hit view. 
     Active event recognizer determination module  173  determines which view or views within a view hierarchy should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In some embodiments, active event recognizer determination module  173  determines that only the hit view should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, active event recognizer determination module  173  determines that all views that include the physical location of a sub-event are actively involved views, and therefore determines that all actively involved views should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, even if touch sub-events were entirely confined to the area associated with one particular view, views higher in the hierarchy would still remain as actively involved views. 
     Event dispatcher module  174  dispatches the event information to an event recognizer (e.g., event recognizer  180 ). In embodiments including active event recognizer determination module  173 , event dispatcher module  174  delivers the event information to an event recognizer determined by active event recognizer determination module  173 . In some embodiments, event dispatcher module  174  stores in an event queue the event information, which is retrieved by a respective event receiver module  182 . 
     In some embodiments, operating system  126  includes event sorter  170 . Alternatively, application  136 - 1  includes event sorter  170 . In yet other embodiments, event sorter  170  is a stand-alone module, or a part of another module stored in memory  102 , such as contact/motion module  130 . 
     In some embodiments, application  136 - 1  includes a plurality of event handlers  190  and one or more application views  191 , each of which includes instructions for handling touch events that occur within a respective view of the application&#39;s user interface. Each application view  191  of the application  136 - 1  includes one or more event recognizers  180 . Typically, a respective application view  191  includes a plurality of event recognizers  180 . In other embodiments, one or more of event recognizers  180  are part of a separate module, such as a user interface kit (not shown) or a higher level object from which application  136 - 1  inherits methods and other properties. In some embodiments, a respective event handler  190  includes one or more of: data updater  176 , object updater  177 , GUI updater  178 , and/or event data  179  received from event sorter  170 . Event handler  190  optionally utilizes or calls data updater  176 , object updater  177  or GUI updater  178  to update the application internal state  192 . Alternatively, one or more of the application views  191  includes one or more respective event handlers  190 . Also, in some embodiments, one or more of data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178  are included in a respective application view  191 . 
     A respective event recognizer  180  receives event information (e.g., event data  179 ) from event sorter  170 , and identifies an event from the event information. Event recognizer  180  includes event receiver  182  and event comparator  184 . In some embodiments, event recognizer  180  also includes at least a subset of: metadata  183 , and event delivery instructions  188  (which optionally include sub-event delivery instructions). 
     Event receiver  182  receives event information from event sorter  170 . The event information includes information about a sub-event, for example, a touch or a touch movement. Depending on the sub-event, the event information also includes additional information, such as location of the sub-event. When the sub-event concerns motion of a touch, the event information optionally also includes speed and direction of the sub-event. In some embodiments, events include rotation of the device from one orientation to another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to a landscape orientation, or vice versa), and the event information includes corresponding information about the current orientation (also called device attitude) of the device. 
     Event comparator  184  compares the event information to predefined event or sub-event definitions and, based on the comparison, determines an event or sub-event, or determines or updates the state of an event or sub-event. In some embodiments, event comparator  184  includes event definitions  186 . Event definitions  186  contain definitions of events (e.g., predefined sequences of sub-events), for example, event  1  ( 187 - 1 ), event  2  ( 187 - 2 ), and others. In some embodiments, sub-events in an event  187  include, for example, touch begin, touch end, touch movement, touch cancellation, and multiple touching. In one example, the definition for event  1  ( 187 - 1 ) is a double tap on a displayed object. The double tap, for example, comprises a first touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a first lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase, a second touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, and a second lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase. In another example, the definition for event  2  ( 187 - 2 ) is a dragging on a displayed object. The dragging, for example, comprises a touch (or contact) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a movement of the touch across touch-sensitive display  112 , and lift-off of the touch (touch end). In some embodiments, the event also includes information for one or more associated event handlers  190 . 
     In some embodiments, event definition  187  includes a definition of an event for a respective user-interface object. In some embodiments, event comparator  184  performs a hit test to determine which user-interface object is associated with a sub-event. For example, in an application view in which three user-interface objects are displayed on touch-sensitive display  112 , when a touch is detected on touch-sensitive display  112 , event comparator  184  performs a hit test to determine which of the three user-interface objects is associated with the touch (sub-event). If each displayed object is associated with a respective event handler  190 , the event comparator uses the result of the hit test to determine which event handler  190  should be activated. For example, event comparator  184  selects an event handler associated with the sub-event and the object triggering the hit test. 
     In some embodiments, the definition for a respective event  187  also includes delayed actions that delay delivery of the event information until after it has been determined whether the sequence of sub-events does or does not correspond to the event recognizer&#39;s event type. 
     When a respective event recognizer  180  determines that the series of sub-events do not match any of the events in event definitions  186 , the respective event recognizer  180  enters an event impossible, event failed, or event ended state, after which it disregards subsequent sub-events of the touch-based gesture. In this situation, other event recognizers, if any, that remain active for the hit view continue to track and process sub-events of an ongoing touch-based gesture. 
     In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  includes metadata  183  with configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how the event delivery system should perform sub-event delivery to actively involved event recognizers. In some embodiments, metadata  183  includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how event recognizers interact, or are enabled to interact, with one another. In some embodiments, metadata  183  includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate whether sub-events are delivered to varying levels in the view or programmatic hierarchy. 
     In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  activates event handler  190  associated with an event when one or more particular sub-events of an event are recognized. In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  delivers event information associated with the event to event handler  190 . Activating an event handler  190  is distinct from sending (and deferred sending) sub-events to a respective hit view. In some embodiments, event recognizer  180  throws a flag associated with the recognized event, and event handler  190  associated with the flag catches the flag and performs a predefined process. 
     In some embodiments, event delivery instructions  188  include sub-event delivery instructions that deliver event information about a sub-event without activating an event handler. Instead, the sub-event delivery instructions deliver event information to event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or to actively involved views. Event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or with actively involved views receive the event information and perform a predetermined process. 
     In some embodiments, data updater  176  creates and updates data used in application  136 - 1 . For example, data updater  176  updates the telephone number used in contacts module  137 , or stores a video file used in video player module  145 . In some embodiments, object updater  177  creates and updates objects used in application  136 - 1 . For example, object updater  177  creates a new user-interface object or updates the position of a user-interface object. GUI updater  178  updates the GUI. For example, GUI updater  178  prepares display information and sends it to graphics module  132  for display on a touch-sensitive display. 
     In some embodiments, event handler(s)  190  includes or has access to data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178 . In some embodiments, data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178  are included in a single module of a respective application  136 - 1  or application view  191 . In other embodiments, they are included in two or more software modules. 
     It shall be understood that the foregoing discussion regarding event handling of user touches on touch-sensitive displays also applies to other forms of user inputs to operate multifunction devices  100  with input-devices, not all of which are initiated on touch screens. For example, mouse movement and mouse button presses, optionally coordinated with single or multiple keyboard presses or holds; contact movements such as taps, drags, scrolls, etc., on touch-pads; pen stylus inputs; movement of the device; oral instructions; detected eye movements; biometric inputs; and/or any combination thereof are optionally utilized as inputs corresponding to sub-events which define an event to be recognized. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a portable multifunction device  100  having a touch screen  112  in accordance with some embodiments. The touch screen optionally displays one or more graphics within user interface (UI)  200 . In this embodiment, as well as others described below, a user is enabled to select one or more of the graphics by making a gesture on the graphics, for example, with one or more fingers  202  (not drawn to scale in the figure) or one or more styluses  203  (not drawn to scale in the figure). In some embodiments, selection of one or more graphics occurs when the user breaks contact with the one or more graphics. In some embodiments, the gesture optionally includes one or more taps, one or more swipes (from left to right, right to left, upward and/or downward) and/or a rolling of a finger (from right to left, left to right, upward and/or downward) that has made contact with device  100 . In some implementations or circumstances, inadvertent contact with a graphic does not select the graphic. For example, a swipe gesture that sweeps over an application icon optionally does not select the corresponding application when the gesture corresponding to selection is a tap. 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more physical buttons, such as “home” or menu button  204 . As described previously, menu button  204  is, optionally, used to navigate to any application  136  in a set of applications that are, optionally executed on device  100 . Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as a soft key in a GUI displayed on touch screen  112 . 
     In one embodiment, device  100  includes touch screen  112 , menu button  204 , push button  206  for powering the device on/off and locking the device, volume adjustment button(s)  208 , Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card slot  210 , head set jack  212 , and docking/charging external port  124 . Push button  206  is, optionally, used to turn the power on/off on the device by depressing the button and holding the button in the depressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by depressing the button and releasing the button before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an unlock process. In an alternative embodiment, device  100  also accepts verbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions through microphone  113 . Device  100  also, optionally, includes one or more contact intensity sensors  165  for detecting intensity of contacts on touch screen  112  and/or one or more tactile output generators  167  for generating tactile outputs for a user of device  100 . 
       FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. Device  300  need not be portable. In some embodiments, device  300  is a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a tablet computer, a multimedia player device, a navigation device, an educational device (such as a child&#39;s learning toy), a gaming system, or a control device (e.g., a home or industrial controller). Device  300  typically includes one or more processing units (CPU&#39;s)  310 , one or more network or other communications interfaces  360 , memory  370 , and one or more communication buses  320  for interconnecting these components. Communication buses  320  optionally include circuitry (sometimes called a chipset) that interconnects and controls communications between system components. Device  300  includes input/output (I/O) interface  330  comprising display  340 , which is typically a touch screen display. I/O interface  330  also optionally includes a keyboard and/or mouse (or other pointing device)  350  and touchpad  355 , tactile output generator  357  for generating tactile outputs on device  300  (e.g., similar to tactile output generator(s)  167  described above with reference to  FIG. 1A ), sensors  359  (e.g., optical, acceleration, proximity, touch-sensitive, and/or contact intensity sensors similar to contact intensity sensor(s)  165  described above with reference to  FIG. 1A ). Memory  370  includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM or other random access solid state memory devices; and optionally includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory  370  optionally includes one or more storage devices remotely located from CPU(s)  310 . In some embodiments, memory  370  stores programs, modules, and data structures analogous to the programs, modules, and data structures stored in memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100  ( FIG. 1A ), or a subset thereof. Furthermore, memory  370  optionally stores additional programs, modules, and data structures not present in memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100 . For example, memory  370  of device  300  optionally stores drawing module  380 , presentation module  382 , word processing module  384 , website creation module  386 , disk authoring module  388 , and/or spreadsheet module  390 , while memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100  ( FIG. 1A ) optionally does not store these modules. 
     Each of the above identified elements in  FIG. 3  are, optionally, stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices. Each of the above identified modules corresponds to a set of instructions for performing a function described above. The above identified modules or programs (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  370  optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  370  optionally stores additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) that is, optionally, implemented on portable multifunction device  100 . 
       FIG. 4A  illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu of applications on portable multifunction device  100  in accordance with some embodiments. Similar user interfaces are, optionally, implemented on device  300 . In some embodiments, user interface  400  includes the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:
         Signal strength indicator(s)  402  for wireless communication(s), such as cellular and Wi-Fi signals;   Time  404 ;   Bluetooth indicator  405 ;   Battery status indicator  406 ;   Tray  408  with icons for frequently used applications, such as:
           Icon  416  for telephone module  138 , labeled “Phone,” which optionally includes an indicator  414  of the number of missed calls or voicemail messages;   Icon  418  for e-mail client module  140 , labeled “Mail,” which optionally includes an indicator  410  of the number of unread e-mails;   Icon  420  for browser module  147 , labeled “Browser;” and   Icon  422  for video and music player module  152 , also referred to as iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) module  152 , labeled “iPod;” and   
           Icons for other applications, such as:
           Icon  424  for IM module  141 , labeled “Text;”   Icon  426  for calendar module  148 , labeled “Calendar;”   Icon  428  for image management module  144 , labeled “Photos;”   Icon  430  for camera module  143 , labeled “Camera;”   Icon  432  for online video module  155 , labeled “Online Video”   Icon  434  for stocks widget  149 - 2 , labeled “Stocks;”   Icon  436  for map module  154 , labeled “Map;”   Icon  438  for weather widget  149 - 1 , labeled “Weather;”   Icon  440  for alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , labeled “Clock;”   Icon  442  for workout support module  142 , labeled “Workout Support;”   Icon  444  for notes module  153 , labeled “Notes;” and   Icon  446  for a settings application or module, which provides access to settings for device  100  and its various applications  136 .   
               

     It should be noted that the icon labels illustrated in  FIG. 4A  are merely exemplary. For example, icon  422  for video and music player module  152  are labeled “Music” or “Music Player.” Other labels are, optionally, used for various application icons. In some embodiments, a label for a respective application icon includes a name of an application corresponding to the respective application icon. In some embodiments, a label for a particular application icon is distinct from a name of an application corresponding to the particular application icon. 
       FIG. 4B  illustrates an exemplary user interface on a device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG. 3 ) with a touch-sensitive surface  451  (e.g., a tablet or touchpad  355 ,  FIG. 3 ) that is separate from the display  450  (e.g., touch screen display  112 ). Device  300  also, optionally, includes one or more contact intensity sensors (e.g., one or more of sensors  357 ) for detecting intensity of contacts on touch-sensitive surface  451  and/or one or more tactile output generators  359  for generating tactile outputs for a user of device  300 . 
     Although some of the examples which follow will be given with reference to inputs on touch screen display  112  (where the touch sensitive surface and the display are combined), in some embodiments, the device detects inputs on a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display, as shown in  FIG. 4B . In some embodiments the touch sensitive surface (e.g.,  451  in  FIG. 4B ) has a primary axis (e.g.,  452  in  FIG. 4B ) that corresponds to a primary axis (e.g.,  453  in  FIG. 4B ) on the display (e.g.,  450 ). In accordance with these embodiments, the device detects contacts (e.g.,  460  and  462  in  FIG. 4B ) with the touch-sensitive surface  451  at locations that correspond to respective locations on the display (e.g., in  FIG. 4B, 460  corresponds to  468  and  462  corresponds to  470 ). In this way, user inputs (e.g., contacts  460  and  462 , and movements thereof) detected by the device on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,  451  in  FIG. 4B ) are used by the device to manipulate the user interface on the display (e.g.,  450  in  FIG. 4B ) of the multifunction device when the touch-sensitive surface is separate from the display. It should be understood that similar methods are, optionally, used for other user interfaces described herein. 
     Additionally, while the following examples are given primarily with reference to finger inputs (e.g., finger contacts, finger tap gestures, finger swipe gestures), it should be understood that, in some embodiments, one or more of the finger inputs are replaced with input from another input device (e.g., a mouse based input or stylus input). For example, a swipe gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click (e.g., instead of a contact) followed by movement of the cursor along the path of the swipe (e.g., instead of movement of the contact). As another example, a tap gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click while the cursor is located over the location of the tap gesture (e.g., instead of detection of the contact followed by ceasing to detect the contact). Similarly, when multiple user inputs are simultaneously detected, it should be understood that multiple computer mice are, optionally, used simultaneously, or a mouse and finger contacts are, optionally, used simultaneously. 
     As used herein, the term “focus selector” refers to an input element that indicates a current part of a user interface with which a user is interacting. In some implementations that include a cursor or other location marker, the cursor acts as a “focus selector,” so that when an input (e.g., a press input) is detected on a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touchpad  355  in  FIG. 3  or touch-sensitive surface  451  in  FIG. 4B ) while the cursor is over a particular user interface element (e.g., a button, window, slider or other user interface element), the particular user interface element is adjusted in accordance with the detected input. In some implementations that include a touch-screen display (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112  in  FIG. 1A  or touch screen  112  in  FIG. 4A ) that enables direct interaction with user interface elements on the touch-screen display, a detected contact on the touch-screen acts as a “focus selector,” so that when an input (e.g., a press input by the contact) is detected on the touch-screen display at a location of a particular user interface element (e.g., a button, window, slider or other user interface element), the particular user interface element is adjusted in accordance with the detected input. In some implementations focus is moved from one region of a user interface to another region of the user interface without corresponding movement of a cursor or movement of a contact on a touch-screen display (e.g., by using a tab key or arrow keys to move focus from one button to another button); in these implementations, the focus selector moves in accordance with movement of focus between different regions of the user interface. Without regard to the specific form taken by the focus selector, the focus selector is generally the user interface element (or contact on a touch-screen display) that is controlled by the user so as to communicate the user&#39;s intended interaction with the user interface (e.g., by indicating, to the device, the element of the user interface with which the user is intending to interact). For example, the location of a focus selector (e.g., a cursor, a contact or a selection box) over a respective button while a press input is detected on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touchpad or touch screen) will indicate that the user is intending to activate the respective button (as opposed to other user interface elements shown on a display of the device). 
     The user interface figures described below include various intensity diagrams that show the current intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface relative to one or more intensity thresholds (e.g., a contact detection intensity threshold IT 0 , a light press intensity threshold IT L , a deep press intensity threshold IT D , and/or one or more other intensity thresholds). This intensity diagram is typically not part of the displayed user interface, but is provided to aid in the interpretation of the figures. In some embodiments, the light press intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will perform operations typically associated with clicking a button of a physical mouse or a trackpad. In some embodiments, the deep press intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will perform operations that are different from operations typically associated with clicking a button of a physical mouse or a trackpad. In some embodiments, when a contact is detected with an intensity below the light press intensity threshold (e.g., and above a nominal contact-detection intensity threshold IT 0  below which the contact is no longer detected), the device will move a focus selector in accordance with movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface without performing an operation associated with the light press intensity threshold or the deep press intensity threshold. Generally, unless otherwise stated, these intensity thresholds are consistent between different sets of user interface figures. 
     An increase of intensity of the contact from an intensity below the light press intensity threshold IT L  to an intensity between the light press intensity threshold IT L  and the deep press intensity threshold IT D  is sometimes referred to as a “light press” input. An increase of intensity of the contact from an intensity below the deep press intensity threshold IT D  to an intensity above the deep press intensity threshold IT D  is sometimes referred to as a “deep press” input. An increase of intensity of the contact from an intensity below the contact-detection intensity threshold IT 0  to an intensity between the contact-detection intensity threshold IT 0  and the light press intensity threshold IT L  is sometimes referred to as detecting the contact on the touch-surface. A decrease of intensity of the contact from an intensity above the contact-detection intensity threshold IT 0  to an intensity below the contact intensity threshold IT 0  is sometimes referred to as detecting liftoff of the contact from the touch-surface. In some embodiments IT 0  is zero. In some embodiments IT 0  is greater than zero. In some illustrations a shaded circle or oval is used to represent intensity of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In some illustrations a circle or oval without shading is used represent a respective contact on the touch-sensitive surface without specifying the intensity of the respective contact. 
     In some embodiments described herein, one or more operations are performed in response to detecting a gesture that includes a respective press input or in response to detecting the respective press input performed with a respective contact (or a plurality of contacts), where the respective press input is detected based at least in part on detecting an increase in intensity of the contact (or plurality of contacts) above a press-input intensity threshold. In some embodiments, the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold (e.g., a “down stroke” of the respective press input). In some embodiments, the press input includes an increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold and a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the press-input intensity threshold, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contact below the press-input threshold (e.g., an “up stroke” of the respective press input). 
     In some embodiments, the device employs intensity hysteresis to avoid accidental inputs sometimes termed “jitter,” where the device defines or selects a hysteresis intensity threshold with a predefined relationship to the press-input intensity threshold (e.g., the hysteresis intensity threshold is X intensity units lower than the press-input intensity threshold or the hysteresis intensity threshold is 75%, 90% or some reasonable proportion of the press-input intensity threshold). Thus, in some embodiments, the press input includes an increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold and a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold that corresponds to the press-input intensity threshold, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold (e.g., an “up stroke” of the respective press input). Similarly, in some embodiments, the press input is detected only when the device detects an increase in intensity of the contact from an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity at or above the press-input intensity threshold and, optionally, a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact to an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the press input (e.g., the increase in intensity of the contact or the decrease in intensity of the contact, depending on the circumstances). 
     For ease of explanation, the description of operations performed in response to a press input associated with a press-input intensity threshold or in response to a gesture including the press input are, optionally, triggered in response to detecting either: an increase in intensity of a contact above the press-input intensity threshold, an increase in intensity of a contact from an intensity below the hysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity above the press-input intensity threshold, a decrease in intensity of the contact below the press-input intensity threshold, and/or a decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to the press-input intensity threshold. Additionally, in examples where an operation is described as being performed in response to detecting a decrease in intensity of a contact below the press-input intensity threshold, the operation is, optionally, performed in response to detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact below a hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to, and lower than, the press-input intensity threshold. 
     User Interfaces and Associated Processes 
     Scrolling Nested Regions 
     Many electronic devices have graphical user interfaces for displaying content. For example, a web browser in a graphical user interface will display the content of a webpage, which may include nested regions. Both the webpage and the nested regions may be independently scrollable. For example, in some circumstances, a user will need to scroll the entire webpage, including the nested region, to view content “below” the currently displayed content. In other circumstances, for example when a webpage includes an embedded map, the user will want to translate the displayed content of the map to view additional areas of the map not originally shown, without scrolling the entire webpage. 
     Electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces often utilize contacts or gestures on the touch-sensitive surface for scrolling. Consequently, there is a need for user interfaces capable of determining whether such a contact or gesture on a touch-sensitive surface corresponds to a request to scroll a larger region containing an embedded region or the embedded region itself (e.g., a webpage with an embedded map or the embedded map). Some methods use only the location at which the contact originates. For example, on electronic devices with separate touch-sensitive surfaces (e.g., touchpads), some methods utilize the initial location of a cursor when a “click” is detected through the touchpad to determine whether to translate content in (e.g., scroll) the embedded region or the larger region. As another example, on electronic devices with touch screen displays, some methods use the initial location of a contact to determine whether to translate content in (e.g., scroll) the embedded region or the larger region (e.g., when a contact is detected over the map, the map will be translated while, on the other hand, when the contact is detected over a region other than the map, the webpage will be scrolled). These methods, however, are susceptible to accidental scrolling of the wrong region and also require multiple separate contacts for separate scrolling events. Such methods therefore limit user satisfaction and increase the cognitive burden on the user. In the embodiments described below, an improved method for determining whether to translate content in a larger region containing a nested region, or the nested region itself is provided. In some embodiments of this method, the determination of which region to scroll is based on the location of a contact as well as the intensity of the contact, therefore providing added control to the user and ease of manipulation of scrollable regions. 
       FIGS. 5A-5I  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for scrolling regions within said user interfaces in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in  FIGS. 6A-6C . Where a contact is present (e.g., contact  2106 ,  FIG. 5B ),  FIGS. 5A-5I  include intensity diagrams that show the current intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface relative (e.g., the intensity at a particular time) compared to a plurality of intensity thresholds including a respective intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”). In some embodiments, operations similar to those described below with reference IT D  are performed with reference to a different intensity threshold (e.g., “IT L ”). 
     In some embodiments, the device is an electronic device with a separate display (e.g., display  450 ) and a separate touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive surface  451 ). In some embodiments, the device is portable multifunction device  100 , the display is touch-sensitive display system  112 , and the touch-sensitive surface includes tactile output generators  167  on the display ( FIG. 1A ). For convenience of explanation, the embodiments described with reference to  FIGS. 5A-5I  and  FIGS. 6A-6C  will be discussed with reference to display  450  and a separate touch-sensitive surface  451 , however analogous operations are, optionally, performed on a device with a touch-sensitive display system  112  in response to detecting the contacts described in  FIGS. 5A-5I  on the touch-sensitive display system  112  while displaying the user interfaces shown in  FIGS. 5A-5I  on the touch-sensitive display system  112 ; in such embodiments, the focus selector is, optionally: a respective contact, a representative point corresponding to a contact (e.g., a centroid of a respective contact or a point associated with a respective contact), or a centroid of two or more contacts detected on the touch-sensitive display system  112 , in place of cursor  2108 . 
       FIG. 5A  illustrates an exemplary user interface (e.g., a graphic user interface)  2100 . User interface  2100  is displayed on display  450  and includes user interface objects (e.g., thumbnails, a dock, taskbar, etc.) as well as a focus selector (e.g., cursor  2108 ). The device also displays a browser window  2103  (e.g., a first region) that displays content. In the instant example, browser window  2103  is a web browser window displaying content of a webpage (e.g., the content corresponding to the identified universal resource locator “http://www.funinthebayarea.com” shown in bar  2101 ). The content of the webpage includes user interface objects  2102 . In some embodiments, such user interface objects include images or banners with hyperlinks to more information about a particular topic (e.g., user interface object  2102 - 1  is a banner that is linked to another webpage with more information about the music scene in the bay area). Browser window  2103  also includes a map  2104  that is used, for example, to indicate the location of various bay area activities. In some embodiments, map  2104  is embedded (e.g., nested) within the web browser window (e.g., a second region is nested within the first region). In some circumstances, map  2104  is configured to be scrolled with the rest of the content in web browser window  2103 . In some circumstances, map  2104  is also configured to be scrolled independently of the rest of the content of web browser window  2103 . For example, map  2104  can be scrolled to reveal areas of California not shown in  FIG. 5A  while continuing to display user interface objects  2102 - 1  through  2102 - 4 , as described below. 
       FIG. 5B  illustrates detection of a contact  2106  having an intensity above IT 0  but below IT L .  FIG. 5C  illustrates detection of an increase in the intensity of contact  2106 . In the instant example, cursor  2108  is initially located over map  2104 . It should be understood, however, that, in some circumstances, cursor  2108  is positioned over map  2104  via a series of gestures, contacts, and/or movements of contacts not shown. In any event, detection of an increase in the intensity of contact  2106  above a respective intensity threshold (e.g., the deep press intensity threshold) causes the device to indicate that map  2104  will be scrolled independently of the rest of the content of web browser window  2103 . For example, as shown in  FIG. 5C , the display of a border of map  2104  is optionally changed by increasing the border line weight as shown and optionally displaying scroll bars for map  2104 . Additionally or alternatively, although not shown, map  2104  is optionally displayed with a “shadow” border. 
     In some embodiments, detection of a contact with a maximum intensity greater than IT D  (or a different intensity threshold, such as IT L ) while cursor  2108  is initially located over map  2104  is sufficient to cause the device to scroll map  2104  independently of the rest of the content of web browser window  2103  (e.g., a nested region scrolling mode is activated, or triggered by a maximum intensity rather than a change in intensity across a particular threshold). 
       FIG. 5C  also shows detection of movement of contact  2106  when cursor  2108  is over map  2104 . Because the device is in a nested region scrolling mode, map  2104  is translated on the display without translating the webpage displayed in web browser window  2103 , as shown in  FIG. 5D . For example, map  2104  has been translated in  FIG. 5D  southeast as indicated by the arrow on map  2104 . (The arrow is, itself, not typically displayed but is instead illustrated in the figure for ease of explanation.) In some embodiments, including the instant example, scrolling is performed using a direct scrolling paradigm (i.e., content is translated in the direction of movement of contact  2106 , for example, more typical of touch-screen devices and modern touch-pads). In some embodiments, though not shown, scrolling is performed using a reverse scrolling paradigm (e.g., content is translated in the opposite direction of movement of contact  2106 , for example, more typical of scroll wheels in conventional mice). 
       FIG. 5D  also illustrates detection of a decrease in intensity of contact  2106  while scrolling map  2104  and while cursor  2108  is still within the region of map  2104 . In some embodiments, as illustrated in  FIGS. 5D-5E , the device continues to translate map  2104  without translating the webpage displayed in web browser window  2103  despite the drop in intensity below the respective intensity threshold (e.g., IT D ). 
     In some embodiments, though not shown, when a decrease in intensity of contact  2106  is detected below the respective intensity threshold the device ceases translating map  2104  independently and instead scrolls web browser window  2103  (including the currently displayed region of map  2104 ). Scrolling of web browser window  2103  including map  2104  is described in greater detail below with reference to  FIGS. 5F-5G . 
     In some embodiments, when a contact crosses from a location within map  2104  to a location within web browser  2103  but outside of map  2104 , the original scrolling behavior is maintained (e.g., depending on the intensity of contact, map  2104  is scrolled independently or, alternatively, web browser  2103  is scrolled). In some embodiments, the scrolling behavior is changed (e.g., the device translates the webpage displayed in web browser window  2103  regardless of intensity, as described below with reference to  FIGS. 5H-5I ). 
       FIG. 5F  illustrates detection of a contact  2114  having an intensity above IT L  but below IT D  while cursor  2108  is over map  2104 .  FIG. 5F  also illustrates detection of movement of contact  2114  corresponding to movement of cursor  2108  shown in  FIGS. 5F-5G . As a result, as shown in  FIG. 5G , the device translates the content of web browser window  2103  including the currently displayed content of map  2104  (e.g., the region of California displayed in map  2104  remains the same while web browser window  2103  is scrolled). Content below the previously displayed content, including user interface objects  2102 - 5  and  2102 - 6  and advertisement  2115  is displayed in this manner. 
     In some embodiments, as shown in  FIGS. 5H-5I , detection of a contact  2118  while cursor  2108  is within web browser window  2103  but outside of map  2104  (e.g., within the first region but outside the embedded second region), and detection of movement of contact  2118  while cursor  2108  is within web browser window  2103  but outside of map  2104  results in scrolling of web browser window  2103 . 
     In some embodiments, when a contact crosses from a location within web browser  2103  but outside of map  2104  to a location within map  2104  the original scrolling behavior is maintained (e.g., the device continues to translate the content of web browser window  2103  regardless of intensity). In some embodiments, the scrolling behavior is changed (e.g., depending on the intensity of contact, map  2104  is scrolled independently or web browser  2103  is scrolled). 
       FIGS. 6A-6C  are flow diagrams illustrating a method  2200  of scrolling regions within user interfaces in accordance with some embodiments. The method  2200  is performed at an electronic device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG. 3 , or portable multifunction device  100 ,  FIG. 1A ) with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is a touch screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method  2200  are, optionally, combined and/or the order of some operations are, optionally, changed. 
     As described below, the method  2200  provides an intuitive way to scroll regions within user interfaces. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when scrolling regions within user interfaces, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to scroll regions within user interfaces faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     The device displays ( 2202 ) a user interface (e.g., user interface  2100 ,  FIG. 5A ) that includes a first region and a second region. The second region is embedded in the first region so that when content in the first region is moved, the second region moves together with the content in the first region. Content in second region is scrollable independently of other content in the first region. In some embodiments, content in the first region includes ( 2204 ) a displayed webpage (e.g., the webpage displayed in browser window  2103 ,  FIG. 5A ), and content in the second region includes a map embedded in the webpage (e.g., map  2104 ,  FIG. 5A ). 
     The device detects ( 2206 ), on a touch-sensitive surface, a contact (e.g., contact  2106 ,  FIG. 5B ) that corresponds to a focus selector (e.g., cursor  2108 ) on the display. In some embodiments, prior to detecting first movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface, the device detects ( 2208 ) an increase in intensity of the contact above a respective intensity threshold (e.g., the device detects an increase in intensity of contact  2106  above IT D ,  FIG. 5C ). In some embodiments, the respective intensity threshold is an intensity threshold that is higher than an input-detection intensity threshold at which the contact is initially detected. In some embodiments, in response to detecting the increase in intensity of the contact above the respective intensity threshold, the device modifies ( 2210 ) the display of the first region or the second region to indicate that movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface will cause content in the second region to be translated on the display without translating other content in the first region on the display (e.g., displaying a drop shadow that corresponds to the first region or the second region on the display to indicate that the first region has been “pushed below” the second region or that the second region has been “pushed below” the first region). 
     The device detects ( 2212 ) first movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface. For example, in  FIGS. 5C-5D , the device detects movement of contact  2106 , in  FIGS. 5F-5G , the device detects movement of contact  2114 , and in  FIGS. 5H-5I , the device detects movement of contact  2118 . 
     In response to detecting the first movement of the contact when the focus selector is at a location on the display within the second region and in accordance with a determination that the contact has a maximum intensity that is below the respective intensity threshold, the device translates ( 2214 ) content in the first region on the display (e.g., scrolling the webpage displayed in browser window  2103 ,  FIGS. 5F-5G ). In some embodiments, translating content in the first region includes translating all of the content in the first region including content not in the second region. In some embodiments, translating content in the first region also includes translating the second region (e.g., translating the second region rather than translating content in the second region). 
     In response to detecting the first movement of the contact when the focus selector is at a location on the display within the second region and in accordance with a determination that the contact has a maximum intensity that is above the respective intensity threshold, the device translates ( 2214 ) content in the second region on the display without translating other content in the first region on the display (e.g., translating map  2104 ,  FIGS. 5C-5E ). In some embodiments, translating content in the first region on the display includes translating ( 2218 ) content in the first region in two dimensions, and translating content in the second region on the display includes translating content in the second region in one dimension. In some embodiments, translating content in the first region on the display includes translating ( 2220 ) content in the first region in one dimension, and translating content in the second region on the display includes translating content the second region in two dimensions. 
     In some embodiments, (e.g., scrolling web browser window  2103  in  FIGS. 5H-5I ) in response to detecting the first movement of the contact when the focus selector is at a location on the display within the first region that does not include the second region, the device translates ( 2216 ) all content in the first region, including content not in the second region, on the display without regard to whether the contact is above or below the respective intensity threshold (e.g., when the device detects a gesture on a part of the first region that does not include the second region, the device translates content in the first region without regard to whether or not the contact has an intensity above the respective intensity threshold). In some of these circumstances, translating content in the first region on the display includes translating content in the first region in two dimensions. In some of these circumstances, translating content in the first region on the display includes translating content in the first region in one dimension. 
     In some embodiments, after (or, optionally, while) translating ( 2222 ) content in the second region on the display in accordance with the first movement of the contact without translating other content in the first region on the display, the device detects ( 2224 ) a decrease in intensity of the contact below the respective intensity threshold. After detecting the decrease in intensity of the contact, the device detects ( 2226 ) second movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In response to detecting the second movement of the contact, the device continues ( 2228 ) to translate content in the second region on the display without translating other content in the first region on the display (e.g., if the intensity of the contact is reduced after independent movement of the second region is initiated, content in the second region continues to move independently of the first region while the contact is continuously detected on the touch-sensitive surface, as shown, for example, in  FIGS. 5D-5E ). 
     In some embodiments, after (or, optionally, while) translating ( 2230 ) content in the second region on the display in accordance with the first movement of the contact without translating other content in the first region on the display, the device detects ( 2232 ) a decrease in intensity of the contact below the respective intensity threshold. After detecting the decrease in intensity of the contact, the device detects ( 2234 ) second movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In response to detecting the second movement of the contact, the device translates ( 2236 ) content in the first region on the display in conjunction with translating the second region on the display (e.g., if the intensity of the contact is reduced after independent movement of the second region is initiated, content in the second region stops moving independently of the first region and content in the first region, including the second region, begins to move in response to detection of the second movement of the contact). 
     It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in  FIGS. 6A-6C  have been described is merely exemplary and is not intended to indicate that the described order is the only order in which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to reorder the operations described herein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processes described herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g., those listed in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments are also applicable in an analogous manner to method  2200  described above with respect to  FIGS. 6A-6C . For example, the contacts, gestures, user interface objects, intensity thresholds, and focus selectors described above with reference to method  2200  optionally have one or more of the characteristics of the contacts, gestures, user interface objects, intensity thresholds, and focus selectors described herein with reference to other methods described herein (e.g., those listed in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments). For brevity, these details are not repeated here. 
     In accordance with some embodiments,  FIG. 7  shows a functional block diagram of an electronic device  2300  configured in accordance with the principles of the various described embodiments. The functional blocks of the device are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of the various described embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill in the art that the functional blocks described in  FIG. 7  are, optionally, combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of the various described embodiments. Therefore, the description herein optionally supports any possible combination or separation or further definition of the functional blocks described herein. As shown in  FIG. 7 , an electronic device  2300  includes a display unit  2302  configured to display a user interface. The user interface includes a first region and a second region. The second region is embedded in the first region so that when content in the first region is moved, the second region moves together with the content in the first region. Content in second region is scrollable independently of other content in the first region. In some embodiments, content in the first region includes a displayed webpage, and content in the second region includes a map embedded in the webpage. 
     The electronic device  2300  includes a touch-sensitive surface unit  2304  configured to receive contacts, one or more sensor units  2306  configured to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit  2304 ; and a processing unit  2308  coupled to the display unit  2302 , the touch-sensitive surface unit  2304  and the one or more sensor units  2306 . In some embodiments, the processing unit  2308  includes a detecting unit  2310 , a translating unit  2312 , and a scrolling unit  2314 . 
     The touch-sensitive surface unit  2304  is configured to detect a contact that corresponds to a focus selector on the display unit  2302  and detect first movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface unit  2304 . The processing unit  2308  is configured to, in response to detecting the first movement of the contact when the focus selector is at a location on the display unit  2302  within the second region and in accordance with a determination that the contact has a maximum intensity that is below a respective intensity threshold, translate content in the first region on the display unit  2302  (e.g., with translating unit  2312 ). The processing unit  2308  is further configured to, in response to detecting the first movement of the contact when the focus selector is at a location on the display unit  2302  within the second region and in accordance with a determination that the contact has a maximum intensity that is above the respective intensity threshold, translate content in the second region on the display unit  2302  without translating other content in the first region on the display unit  2302 . 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  2308  is further configured to, prior to detecting the first movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface unit  2304 , detect (e.g., with detecting unit  2310 ) an increase in intensity of the contact above the respective intensity threshold. In response to detecting the increase in intensity of the contact above the respective intensity threshold, modify the display of the first region or the second region to indicate that movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit  2304  will cause the second region to be translated on the display unit  2302  without translating the first region on the display unit  2302 . 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  2308  is further configured to, in response to detecting the first movement of the contact when the focus selector is at a location on the display unit  2302  within the first region that does not include the second region, translate all content in the first region, including content not in the second region, on the display unit  2302  without regard to whether the contact is above or below the respective intensity threshold. 
     In some embodiments, translating content in the first region on the display unit  2302  includes translating content in the first region in two dimensions, and translating content in the second region on the display unit  2302  includes translating content in the second region in one dimension. In some embodiments, translating content in the first region on the display unit  2302  includes translating content in the first region in one dimension; and translating content in the second region on the display unit  2302  includes translating content in the second region in two dimensions. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  2308  is further configured to, after translating content in the second region on the display unit  2302  in accordance with the first movement of the contact without translating other content in the first region on the display unit  2302 , detect a decrease in intensity of the contact below the respective intensity threshold. After detecting the decrease in intensity of the contact, the processing unit  2308  is further configured to detect second movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit  2304  and, in response to detecting the second movement of the contact, continue to translate content in the second region on the display unit  2302  without translating other content in the first region on the display unit  2302 . 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  2308  is further configured to, after translating content in the second region on the display unit  2302  in accordance with the first movement of the contact without translating other content in the first region on the display unit  2302 , detect a decrease in intensity of the contact below the respective intensity threshold. After detecting the decrease in intensity of the contact, the processing unit  2308  is configured to detect second movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit  2304 , and in response to detecting the second movement of the contact, translate content in the first region on the display unit  2302  in conjunction with translating the second region on the display unit  2302 . 
     The operations in the information processing methods described above are, optionally implemented by running one or more functional modules in information processing apparatus such as general purpose processors (e.g., as described above with respect to  FIGS. 1A and 3 ) or application specific chips. 
     The operations described above with reference to  FIGS. 6A-6C  are, optionally, implemented by components depicted in  FIGS. 1A-1B  or  FIG. 7 . For example, displaying operation  2202 , detecting operation  2204 , and translating operation  2214  are, optionally, implemented by event sorter  170 , event recognizer  180 , and event handler  190 . Event monitor  171  in event sorter  170  detects a contact on touch-sensitive display  112 , and event dispatcher module  174  delivers the event information to application  136 - 1 . A respective event recognizer  180  of application  136 - 1  compares the event information to respective event definitions  186 , and determines whether a first contact at a first location on the touch-sensitive surface corresponds to a predefined event or sub-event, such as selection of an object on a user interface. When a respective predefined event or sub-event is detected, event recognizer  180  activates an event handler  190  associated with the detection of the event or sub-event. Event handler  190  optionally utilizes or calls data updater  176  or object updater  177  to update the application internal state  192 . In some embodiments, event handler  190  accesses a respective GUI updater  178  to update what is displayed by the application. Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in the art how other processes can be implemented based on the components depicted in  FIGS. 1A-1B . 
     Displaying Word Definitions 
     When a user is reading or entering text in an electronic document, the user may wish to interact with a particular word in the text. For example, the user may wish to obtain a definition for the word. In some methods, the user can request display of the definition for a word by selecting the word, performing another input while the word is selected (for example, a right-click) to bring up an affordance for looking the word up in a dictionary, and then activating the affordance. This process involves multiple steps on the part of the user, and thus can be tedious and time-consuming. The embodiments below improve on these methods by allowing the user to activate display of a definition for a word by, while a focus selector is located at the word, performing a gesture with contact whose intensity goes above an intensity threshold. This makes reading and text input more efficient by allowing the user to get word definitions more quickly. 
       FIGS. 8A-8N  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for displaying word definitions in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in  FIGS. 9A-9B .  FIGS. 8A-8C, 8E-8J and 8L-8N  include intensity diagrams that show the current intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface relative to a plurality of intensity thresholds including a respective threshold (e.g., “IT D ”). In some embodiments, operations similar to those described below with reference to “IT D ” are performed with reference to a different intensity threshold (e.g., “IT L ”). 
       FIG. 8A  illustrates user interface  2700  displayed on display  450  (e.g., display  340 ) of a device (e.g., device  300 ), and textual content  2702  displayed in user interface  2700 . User interface  2700  is an interface corresponding to an application that can display text. For example, user interface  2700  is, optionally, an interface for a web browser application, text editor application, word processor application, note application, messaging (e.g., email, chat) application, e-book application, document reader application, and so on. Depending on the application to which user interface  2700  corresponds, textual content  2702  is, optionally, editable by a user from within user interface  2700 . In some embodiments, textual content  2702  is an electronic document (for example, text document, word processor document, email message, web page, electronic book). Textual content  2702  includes one or more words  2704 . For example, as shown in  FIG. 8A , words  2704  includes word  2704 - 1  “Gettysburg,” as well as other words. 
     Cursor  2706  (for example, a mouse pointer) is also displayed in user interface  2700 . Cursor  2706  is an example of a focus selector. A user may use an input device (e.g., mouse  350 , touchpad  355 , touch-sensitive surface  451 ) to position pointer  2704  to a location in user interface  2700 . 
     A gesture (for example, a tap gesture or a press input) that includes an increase in intensity of contact  2708  from an intensity below a light press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT L ”) to an intensity above the light press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT L ”) is detected on touch-sensitive surface  451  (e.g., touchpad  355 ) of the device while a focus selector (e.g., cursor  2706 ) is displayed at a location corresponding to word  2704 - 1  (for example, over the word  2704 - 1  “Gettysburg”). The device determines, based on measurements from one or more sensors for detecting the intensity of contacts on touch-sensitive surface  451 , that the maximum intensity of contact  2708  is below a predefined intensity threshold (e.g., below deep press intensity threshold “IT D ”). Contact  2708  is depicted as a shape with a blank background to represent its status of having a maximum intensity below the predefined threshold. In some embodiments, the gesture ends with a decrease in intensity of contact  2708  to an intensity below a gesture-detection intensity threshold that is at or below the light press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT L ”) as shown in  FIG. 8C . In some embodiments, the gesture ends with liftoff of contact  2708 , as shown in  FIG. 8D . 
     In response to detecting the gesture that included a press input performed with contact  2708 , and in accordance with the determination that the maximum intensity of contact  2708  is below the predefined threshold (e.g., “IT D ”), a user interface for interacting with word  2704 - 1  is displayed when the end of the gesture is detected. In some embodiments, the use interface for interacting with word  2704 - 1  includes a text cursor, insertion point, or the like. For example, if textual content  2702  is editable from within user interface  2700 , text cursor  2710  is, optionally, displayed near word  2704 - 1  (for example, at the beginning or end of word  2704 - 1 , or within word  2704 - 1 ), as shown in  FIG. 8B . Text cursor  2710  indicates a current location in textual content  2702  at which the user optionally request that the device insert additional characters or delete characters from textual content  2702  (e.g., by activating keys on a physical or virtual keyboard). 
     In some embodiments, word  2704 - 1  is selected, as shown in  FIGS. 8C-8D , where word  2704 - 1  is shown with selection area  2712 . In some embodiments, the use interface for interacting with word  2704 - 1  includes one or more affordances  2714  for interacting with word  2704 - 1 . For example, “Cut” affordance  2714 - 1 , “Copy” affordance  2714 - 2 , and “Paste” affordance  2714 - 3  is, optionally, displayed, as shown in  FIG. 8C . A user optionally activates “Cut” affordance  2714 - 1  to copy word  2704 - 1  (e.g., to a virtual clipboard for pasting elsewhere) and to delete word  2704 - 1  from textual content  2702 . A user optionally activates “Copy” affordance  2714 - 2  to copy word  2704 - 1  (e.g., to a virtual clipboard for pasting elsewhere). A user optionally activates “Paste” affordance  2714 - 3  to insert previously copied text (e.g., text copied into a virtual clipboard) as a replacement for word  2704 - 1 . 
     Other examples of affordances for interacting with word  2704 - 1  include, for example, “Highlight” affordance  2714 - 4 , “Add Note” affordance  2714 - 5 , “Search Document” affordance  2714 - 6 , and “Search” affordance  2714 - 7 , as shown in  FIG. 8D . A user optionally activates “Highlight” affordance  2714 - 4  to highlight (e.g., with yellow or green color) word  2704 - 1 . A user optionally activates “Add Note” affordance  2714 - 5  to create a note to be associated with word  2704 - 1 . A user optionally activates “Search Document” affordance  2714 - 6  to search textual content  2702  using word  2704 - 1  as a search term. A user optionally activates “Search” affordance  2714 - 7  to search an information repository (e.g., a search engine, an online encyclopedia) using word  2704 - 1  as a search term. 
       FIGS. 8E-8F  show, instead of (or after) detecting the gesture that includes an increase in intensity of contact  2708 , detecting a gesture (e.g., a pressing gesture) that includes an increase in intensity of contact  2716  from an intensity below a deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”) to an intensity above the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”) on touch-sensitive surface  451 . The device determines, based on measurements form one or more sensors for detecting the intensity of contacts on touch-sensitive surface  451 , that intensity of contact  2716  goes above the predefined threshold (e.g., “IT D ”) during the gesture. In some embodiments, the gesture ends with a liftoff of contact  2716  or a decrease in intensity of contact  2716  below a gesture-detection intensity threshold that is at or below the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”). 
     In response to detecting the gesture that corresponds to the increase in intensity of contact  2716 , and in accordance with the determination that the maximum intensity of contact  2716  is above the predefined threshold (e.g., “IT D ”), definition  2720  for word  2704 - 1  is displayed, as shown in  FIGS. 8F-8G . Definition  2720  for word  2704 - 1  is, optionally, retrieved from a dictionary stored in memory (e.g., memory  370 ) or from an online source (e.g., an online dictionary). 
     In some embodiments, word  2704 - 1  is, optionally, displayed with visual embellishments or emphasis to indicate the association between definition  2720  and word  2704 - 1 . For example, word  2704 - 1  is, optionally, displayed with colored background area  2718 , as shown in  FIG. 8F . Other visual embellishments optionally include highlighting, bold font, italics, larger font size, and visual effects that make word  2704 - 1  appear to hover above textual content  2702 . 
     In some embodiments, words  2704  cease to be displayed and definition  2720  is displayed in place of words  2704 , as shown in  FIG. 8G . For example, definition  2720  is, optionally, displayed in place of textual content  2702  or as an overlay or pop-up over the part of textual content  2702  with words  2704 . In some other embodiments, word  2704 - 1  (and at least parts of textual content  2702 ) continues to be displayed while definition  2720  is displayed, as shown in  FIG. 8F . For example, definition  2720  is, optionally, displayed as an overlay or pop-up that does not cover word  2704 - 1 . 
     In some embodiments, definition  2720  is displayed during the gesture, in response to the intensity of contact  2716  going above the predefined threshold (e.g., “IT D ”), as shown in  FIG. 8F . In some other embodiments, definition  2720  is displayed when the end of the gesture (e.g., in response to detecting a liftoff of contact  2716  or a decrease in intensity of contact  2716  below a contact-detection threshold that is below the predefined threshold) is detected, as shown in  FIG. 8G . 
       FIGS. 8H-8N  illustrate examples of the user interfaces described above, with reference to  FIGS. 8A-8G , implemented on a device (e.g., device  100 ) with a touch-sensitive display (e.g., touch screen  112 ).  FIG. 8H  illustrates user interface  2730  displayed on touch-sensitive display (e.g., touch screen  112 ) of a device (e.g., device  100 ), and textual content  2732  is displayed in user interface  2730 . In some embodiments, textual content  2732  is an electronic document (for example, text document, word processor document, email message, web page, electronic book). Textual content  2732  includes one or more words  2734 . For example, as shown in  FIG. 8H , words  2734  includes word  2734 - 1  “Gettysburg,” as well as other words. 
     A gesture (for example, a tap gesture or a press input) that includes an increase in intensity of contact  2738  from an intensity below a light press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT L ”) to an intensity above the light press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT L ”) is detected on touch-sensitive display  112  at a location corresponding to word  2734 - 1  (for example, over word  2734 - 1 ). The device determines, based on measurements from one or more sensors for detecting the intensity of contacts on touch-sensitive display  112  that the maximum intensity of contact  2738  is below a predefined intensity threshold (e.g., below deep press intensity threshold “IT D ”). In some embodiments, the gesture ends with a decrease in intensity of contact  2738  to an intensity below a gesture-detection intensity threshold that is at or below the light press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT L ”) as shown in  FIG. 8J . In some embodiments, the gesture ends with liftoff of contact  2738 , as shown in  FIG. 8K . 
     In response to detecting the gesture that included a press input performed with contact  2738 , and in accordance with the determination that the maximum intensity of contact  2738  is below the predefined threshold (e.g., “IT D ”), a user interface for interacting with word  2734 - 1  is displayed when the end of the gesture is detected. In some embodiments, the use interface for interacting with word  2734 - 1  includes a text cursor, insertion point, or the like. For example, if textual content  2732  is editable from within user interface  2730 , text cursor  2740  is, optionally, displayed near word  2734 - 1  (for example, at the beginning or end of word  2734 - 1 , or within word  2704 - 1 ), as shown in  FIG. 8I . Text cursor  2740  indicates a current location in textual content  2732  at which the user optionally requests that the device insert additional characters or delete characters from textual content  2732 . In some embodiments, word  2734 - 1  is selected, as shown in  FIGS. 8J-8K , where word  2734 - 1  is shown with selection area  2742  (e.g., by activating keys on a physical or virtual keyboard). 
     In some embodiments, the use interface for interacting with word  2734 - 1  includes one or more affordances  2744  for interacting with word  2734 - 1 . For example, “Cut” affordance  2744 - 1 , “Copy” affordance  2744 - 2 , and “Paste” affordance  2744 - 3  is, optionally, displayed, as shown in  FIG. 8J . A user optionally activates “Cut” affordance  2744 - 1  to copy word  2734 - 1  (e.g., to a virtual clipboard for pasting elsewhere) and to delete word  2734 - 1  from textual content  2732 . A user optionally activates “Copy” affordance  2744 - 2  to copy word  2734 - 1  (e.g., to a virtual clipboard for pasting elsewhere). A user optionally activates “Paste” affordance  2744 - 3  to insert previously copied text (e.g., text copied into a virtual clipboard) as a replacement for word  2734 - 1 . 
     Other examples of affordances for interacting with word  2734 - 1  include, for example, “Highlight” affordance  2744 - 4 , “Add Note” affordance  2744 - 5 , “Search Document” affordance  2744 - 6 , and “Search” affordance  2744 - 7 , as shown in  FIG. 8K . A user optionally activates “Highlight” affordance  2744 - 4  to highlight (e.g., with yellow or green color) word  2734 - 1 . A user optionally activates “Add Note” affordance  2744 - 5  to create a note to be associated with word  2734 - 1 . A user optionally activates “Search Document” affordance  2744 - 6  to search textual content  2732  using word  2734 - 1  as a search term. A user optionally activates “Search” affordance  2744 - 7  to search an information repository (e.g., a search engine, an online encyclopedia) using word  2734 - 1  as a search term. 
       FIGS. 8L-8M  show, instead of (or after) detecting the gesture that includes an increase in intensity of contact  2738 , detecting a gesture (e.g., a pressing gesture) that includes an increase in intensity of contact  2746  from an intensity below a deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”) to an intensity above the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”) on touch-sensitive display  112 . The device determines, based on measurements form one or more sensors for detecting the intensity of contacts on touch-sensitive display  112  that intensity of contact  2746  goes above the predefined threshold (e.g., “IT D ”) during the gesture. In some embodiments, the gesture ends with a liftoff of contact  2746  or a decrease in intensity of contact  2716  below a gesture-detection intensity threshold that is at or below the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”). 
     In response to detecting the gesture that corresponds to the increase in intensity of contact  2746 , and in accordance with the determination that the maximum intensity of contact  2746  is above the predefined threshold (e.g., “IT D ”), definition  2750  for word  2734 - 1  is displayed, as shown in  FIGS. 8M-8N . Definition  2750  for word  2734 - 1  is, optionally, retrieved from a dictionary stored in memory (e.g., memory  370 ) or from an online source (e.g., an online dictionary). 
     In some embodiments, word  2734 - 1  is, optionally, displayed with visual embellishments or emphasis to indicate the association between definition  2750  and word  2734 - 1 . For example, word  2734 - 1  is, optionally, displayed with colored background area  2748 , as shown in  FIG. 8M . Other visual embellishments optionally include highlighting, bold font, italics, larger font size, and visual effects that make word  2734 - 1  appear to hover above textual content  2732 . 
     In some embodiments, words  2734  cease to be displayed and definition  2750  is displayed in place of words  2734 , as shown in  FIG. 8N . For example, definition  2750  is, optionally, displayed in place of textual content  2732  or as an overlay or pop-up over the part of textual content  2732  with words  2734 . In some other embodiments, word  2734 - 1  (and at least parts of textual content  2732 ) continues to be displayed while definition  2750  is displayed, as shown in  FIG. 8M . For example, definition  2750  is, optionally, displayed as an overlay or pop-up that does not cover word  2734 - 1 . 
     In some embodiments, definition  2750  is displayed during the gesture, in response to the intensity of contact  2746  going above the predefined threshold (e.g., “IT D ”), as shown in  FIG. 8M . In some other embodiments, definition  2750  is displayed when the end of the gesture (e.g., in response to detecting a liftoff of contact  2746  or a decrease in intensity of contact  2746  below a contact-detection threshold that is below the predefined threshold) is detected, as shown in  FIG. 8N . 
       FIGS. 9A-9B  are flow diagrams illustrating a method  2800  of displaying word definitions in accordance with some embodiments. The method  2800  is performed at an electronic device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG. 3 , or portable multifunction device  100 ,  FIG. 1A ) with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is a touch screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method  2800  are, optionally, combined and/or the order of some operations are, optionally, changed. 
     As described below, the method  2800  provides an intuitive way to display word definitions. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when displaying word definitions, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to display word definitions faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     The device displays ( 2802 ) a plurality of words in an electronic document on the display, where the plurality of words include a respective word.  FIG. 8A  shows, for example, words  2704  in textual content  2702  displayed on display  450 . Words  2704  include word  2704 - 1  “Gettysburg.”  FIG. 8H  shows words  2734  in textual content  2732  displayed on touch-sensitive display  112 . Words  2734  include word  2734 - 1  “Gettysburg.” 
     While a focus selector is at a location corresponding to the respective word, the device detects ( 2806 ) a gesture that includes a contact (e.g., a finger contact) on the touch-sensitive surface. As shown in  FIG. 8A , for example, a gesture that includes contact  2708  is detected on touch-sensitive surface  451  while a focus selector (e.g., cursor  2706 ) is over word  2704 - 1 . As another example, in  FIG. 8E , a gesture that includes contact  2716  is detected on touch-sensitive surface  451  a focus selector (e.g., while cursor  2706 ) is over word  2704 - 1 . 
     In embodiments, where the touch-sensitive surface is a touch-sensitive display, the position of the contact is optionally the location of the focus selector described above. As shown in  FIGS. 8H-8J , for example, a gesture that includes contact  2738  (e.g., a press input performed with contact  2738 ) is detected on touch-sensitive display  112  at a location over word  2734 - 1 . As another example, in  FIGS. 8L-8N , a gesture that includes contact  2746  (e.g., a press input performed with contact  2746 ) is detected on touch-sensitive display  112  at a location over word  2734 - 1 . 
     In response ( 2808 ) to detecting the gesture, in accordance with a determination that the contact had a maximum intensity during the gesture that was below ( 2810 ) a respective intensity threshold, the device displays ( 2812 ) a user interface for interacting with the respective word within the electronic document on the display. In contrast, in accordance with a determination that the contact reached an intensity during the gesture that was above the respective intensity threshold, the device displays a definition for the respective word on the display, as described in greater detail below. 
     For example, in  FIG. 8B , contact  2708  is determined to have a maximum intensity that is below a predefined threshold (e.g., “IT D ”). In accordance with that determination, in response to detecting the gesture that includes the increase in intensity of contact  2708 , user interfaces for interacting with word  2704 - 1  are displayed (e.g., a cut/copy/paste interface or a highlight/add note/search document/search interface), as shown in  FIGS. 8C-8D . In  FIG. 8F , the intensity of contact  2716  is determined to have reached above the predefined threshold (e.g., “IT D ”) during the gesture. In accordance with that determination, in response to detecting the gesture that includes the increase in intensity of contact  2716 , definition  2720  for word  2704 - 1  is displayed, as shown in  FIGS. 8F-8G . 
     As another example, in  FIG. 8I , contact  2738  is determined to have a maximum intensity that is below a predefined threshold (e.g., “IT D ”). In accordance with that determination, in response to detecting the gesture that includes the increase in intensity of contact  2738 , user interfaces for interacting with word  2734 - 1  are displayed (e.g., a cut/copy/paste interface or a highlight/add note/search document/search interface), as shown in  FIGS. 8J-8K . In  FIG. 8M , the intensity of contact  2746  is determined to have reached above the predefined threshold (e.g., “IT D ”) during the gesture. In accordance with that determination, in response to detecting the gesture that includes the increase in intensity of contact  2746 , definition  2750  for word  2734 - 1  is displayed, as shown in  FIGS. 8M-8N . 
     In some embodiments, the user interface for interacting with the respective word within the document (e.g., the user interface displayed in accordance with a determination that the contact had a maximum intensity during the gesture that was below the respective intensity threshold) includes ( 2816 ) one or more of: a text cursor displayed proximate to the respective word, an affordance for copying and deleting the respective word (e.g., a “cut” button), an affordance for copying the respective word, an affordance for replacing the respective word with previously copied text (e.g., a paste button), an affordance for highlighting the respective word, an affordance for creating a note to be associated with the respective word, an affordance for searching the electronic document using the respective word as a search term, and an affordance for searching an information repository using the respective word as a search term. (e.g., submitting the respective word to a search engine or Wikipedia). The user interface for interacting with word  2704 - 1  or  2734 - 1  is, optionally, text cursor  2710  ( FIG. 8B ) or  2740  ( FIG. 8I ), “Cut” affordance  2714 - 1  ( FIG. 8C ) or  2744 - 1  ( FIG. 8J ), “Copy” affordance  2714 - 2  ( FIG. 8C ) or  2744 - 2  ( FIG. 8J ), “Paste” affordance  2714 - 3  ( FIG. 8C ) or  2744 - 3  ( FIG. 8J ), “Highlight” affordance  2714 - 4  ( FIG. 8D ) or  2744 - 4  ( FIG. 8K ), “Add Note” affordance  2714 - 5  ( FIG. 8D ) or  2744 - 5  ( FIG. 8K ), “Search Document” affordance  2714 - 6  ( FIG. 8D ) or  2744 - 6  ( FIG. 8K ), and “Search” affordance  2714 - 7  ( FIG. 8D ) or  2744 - 7  ( FIG. 8K ). Text cursor  2710  or  2740  and affordances  2714  or  2744  are described in greater detail above with reference to  FIGS. 8B-8D and 8I-8K . 
     In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the contact had a maximum intensity during the gesture that was below ( 2810 ) the respective intensity threshold, the device selects ( 2818 ) the respective word. For example, as shown in  FIGS. 8C-8D , in accordance with the determination that contact  2708  had a maximum intensity during the gesture that was below the predefined threshold (e.g., IT D ), word  2704 - 1  is displayed with selection area  2712 . As shown in  FIGS. 8J-8K , in accordance with the determination that contact  2738  had a maximum intensity during the gesture that was below the predefined threshold, word  2734 - 1  is displayed with selection area  2742 . 
     In contrast, in response ( 2808 ) to detecting the gesture, in accordance with a determination that the contact reached an intensity during the gesture that was above the respective intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”), the device displays ( 2820 ) a definition for the respective word on the display. In some embodiments, displaying the definition includes ceasing ( 2822 ) to display the plurality of words and displaying the definition in place of the plurality of words. For example, in  FIG. 8G , words  2704  cease to be displayed and definition  2720  is displayed in place of words  2704  (and textual content  2702 ). As another example, in  FIG. 8N , words  2734  cease to be displayed and definition  2750  is displayed in place of words  2734  (and textual content  2732 ). In contrast, in some embodiments, displaying the definition includes continuing ( 2826 ) display the respective word while displaying the definition on the display. For example, in  FIG. 8F , word  2704 - 1  continues to be displayed while definition  2720  is displayed. As another example, in  FIG. 8M , word  2734 - 1  continues to be displayed while definition  2750  is displayed. 
     In some embodiments, the user interface for interacting with the respective word within the electronic document is displayed after an end of the gesture is detected, and the definition of the respective word is ( 2828 ) displayed during the gesture in response to detecting that the intensity of the contact exceeds the respective intensity threshold. For example, in  FIGS. 8C-8D , the user interfaces for interacting with word  2704 - 1  are displayed after detection of the end of gesture as detected in accordance with a reduction in intensity of the contact below a gesture-detection intensity threshold that is lower than the respective intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”) as shown in  FIG. 8C , or by liftoff of contact  2708  as shown in  FIG. 8D . In contrast, in  FIG. 8F , definition  2720  is displayed during the gesture (e.g., while contact  2716  is sill detected and above IT D ) in response to the intensity of contact  2716  going above the predefined threshold. In  FIGS. 8I-8K , the user interfaces for interacting with word  2734 - 1  are displayed after detection of the end of gesture (e.g., by liftoff of contact  2738  or reduction in intensity of contact  2738  below a gesture-detection intensity threshold that is lower than the respective intensity threshold). In  FIG. 8M , definition  2750  is displayed during the gesture (e.g., while contact  2746  is sill detected and above IT D ) in response to the intensity of contact  2746  going above the predefined threshold (e.g., IT D ). 
     In some embodiments, the user interface for interacting with the respective word within the electronic document is displayed after an end of the gesture is detected, and the definition of the respective word is displayed after the end of the gesture is detected ( 2830 ). For example, in  FIGS. 8C-8D , the user interfaces for interacting with word  2704 - 1  are displayed after detection of the end of gesture as detected in accordance with a reduction in intensity of the contact below a gesture-detection intensity threshold that is lower than the respective intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”) as shown in  FIG. 8C , or by liftoff of contact  2708  as shown in  FIG. 8D . Similarly, in  FIG. 8G , definition  2720  is displayed after detection of the end of gesture as detected in accordance with a reduction in intensity of the contact below a gesture-detection intensity threshold that is lower than the respective intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”) as shown in  FIG. 8G , or by liftoff of contact  2716 . In  FIGS. 8I-8K , the user interfaces for interacting with word  2734 - 1  are displayed after detection of the end of gesture (e.g., by liftoff of contact  2738  or reduction in intensity of contact  2738  below a gesture-detection intensity threshold that is lower than the respective intensity threshold). In  FIG. 8N , definition  2750  is displayed after detection of the end of gesture by detecting a reduction in intensity of contact  2746  below a gesture-detection intensity threshold that is lower than the respective intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”). 
     It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in  FIGS. 9A-9B  have been described is merely exemplary and is not intended to indicate that the described order is the only order in which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to reorder the operations described herein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processes described herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g., those listed in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments) are also applicable in an analogous manner to method  2800  described above with respect to  FIGS. 9A-9B . For example, the contacts, gestures, user interface objects, intensity thresholds, and focus selectors described above with reference to method  2800  optionally have one or more of the characteristics of the contacts, gestures, user interface objects, intensity thresholds, and focus selectors described herein with reference to other methods described herein (e.g., those listed in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments). For brevity, these details are not repeated here. 
     In accordance with some embodiments,  FIG. 10  shows a functional block diagram of an electronic device  2900  configured in accordance with the principles of the various described embodiments. The functional blocks of the device are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of the various described embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill in the art that the functional blocks described in  FIG. 10  are, optionally, combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of the various described embodiments. Therefore, the description herein optionally supports any possible combination or separation or further definition of the functional blocks described herein. 
     As shown in  FIG. 10 , an electronic device  2900  includes a display unit  2902  configured to display a plurality of words in an electronic document, where the plurality of words include a respective word; a touch-sensitive surface unit  2904  configured to receive gestures, the gestures including contacts on the touch-sensitive surface unit  2904 ; and one or more sensors units configured to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit  2904 ; and a processing unit  2906  coupled to the display unit  2902 , the touch-sensitive surface unit  2904  and the sensor units  2905 . In some embodiments, the processing unit  2906  includes a detecting unit  2908 , a determining unit  2909 , a display enabling unit  2910 , and a selecting unit  2912 . 
     The processing unit  2906  is configured to: while a focus selector is at a location corresponding to the respective word, detect a gesture that includes a contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit  2904  (e.g., with the detecting unit  2908 ); and in response to detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determination (e.g., with the determining unit  2909 ) that the contact had a maximum intensity during the gesture that was below a respective intensity threshold, enable display of a user interface for interacting with the respective word within the electronic document on the display unit  2902  (e.g., with the display enabling unit  2910 ); and in accordance with a determination (e.g., with the determining unit  2909 ) that the contact reached an intensity during the gesture that was above the respective intensity threshold, enable display of a definition for the respective word on the display unit  2902  (e.g., with the display enabling unit  2910 ). 
     In some embodiments, displaying the definition includes ceasing to display the plurality of words and displaying the definition in place of the plurality of words. 
     In some embodiments, displaying the definition includes continuing to display the respective word while displaying the definition on the display unit  2902 . 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  2906  is configured to, in accordance with a determination (e.g., with the determining unit  2909 ) that the contact had a maximum intensity during the gesture that was below the respective intensity threshold, select the respective word (e.g., with the selecting unit  2912 ). 
     In some embodiments, the user interface for interacting with the respective word within the electronic document is displayed after an end of the gesture is detected, and the definition of the respective word is displayed during the gesture in response to detecting (e.g., with the detecting unit  2908 ) that the intensity of the contact exceeds the respective intensity threshold. 
     In some embodiments, the user interface for interacting with the respective word within the electronic document is displayed after an end of the gesture is detected, and the definition of the respective word is displayed after the end of the gesture is detected. 
     In some embodiments, the user interface for interacting with the respective word within the document includes one or more of: a text cursor displayed proximate to the respective word, an affordance for copying and deleting the respective word, an affordance for copying the respective word, an affordance for replacing the respective word with previously copied text, an affordance for highlighting the respective word, an affordance for creating a note to be associated with the respective word, an affordance for searching the electronic document using the respective word as a search term, and an affordance for searching an information repository using the respective word as a search term. 
     The operations in the information processing methods described above are, optionally implemented by running one or more functional modules in information processing apparatus such as general purpose processors (e.g., as described above with respect to  FIGS. 1A and 3 ) or application specific chips. 
     The operations described above with reference to  FIGS. 9A-9B  are, optionally, implemented by components depicted in  FIGS. 1A-1B  or  FIG. 10 . For example, detection operation  2806  and displaying operations  2812  and  2820  are, optionally, implemented by event sorter  170 , event recognizer  180 , and event handler  190 . Event monitor  171  in event sorter  170  detects a contact on touch-sensitive display  112 , and event dispatcher module  174  delivers the event information to application  136 - 1 . A respective event recognizer  180  of application  136 - 1  compares the event information to respective event definitions  186 , and determines whether a first contact at a first location on the touch-sensitive surface corresponds to a predefined event or sub-event, such as selection of an object on a user interface. When a respective predefined event or sub-event is detected, event recognizer  180  activates an event handler  190  associated with the detection of the event or sub-event. Event handler  190  optionally utilizes or calls data updater  176  or object updater  177  to update the application internal state  192 . In some embodiments, event handler  190  accesses a respective GUI updater  178  to update what is displayed by the application. Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in the art how other processes can be A-1B. 
     Displaying Content Associated with a Hyperlink 
     Some applications have tabbed document interfaces, where multiple documents are, in some circumstances, opened in respective tabbed windows within one application window, and the user may switch between the tabbed windows within the application window to view the multiple documents. When a user clicks on a document hyperlink, the document is, optionally, opened in a new tabbed window or replaces the document in the currently active tabbed window. In some methods, whether the document is loaded in a new tabbed window or the current tabbed window is controlled by an application setting that the user is enabled to change or by contextual menus or other multi-step interfaces. The embodiments described below improve on these methods by giving the user per-document control over whether to load the document in a new tabbed window or in the current tabbed window that does not require the user to perform multiple steps to perform. The user makes an input that includes a contact and liftoff of the contact to click on a hyperlink. Depending on whether the liftoff of the contact meets predefined intensity criteria, the document is either loaded in a new tabbed window or in the current tabbed window. Thus, some of the embodiments described below give the user per-document control over how the document is loaded, as well as facilitating more efficient tabbed document interfaces on touch-screen devices. 
       FIGS. 11A-11Z  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for displaying content associated with a hyperlink in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in  FIGS. 12A-12B .  FIGS. 11A-11Z  include intensity diagrams that show the current intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface relative to a plurality of intensity thresholds including a light press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT L ”) a representation appearance intensity threshold (e.g., “IT 1 ”), a representation disappearance intensity threshold (e.g., “IT 2 ”), and a new tab intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”). 
       FIG. 11A  illustrates user interface  3300  displayed on display  450  (e.g., display  340 ) of a device (e.g., device  300 ). User interface  3300  corresponds to an application (e.g., web browser application, word processor application, spreadsheet application, presentation application, drawing application, image editing application, text editor application, messaging application, email application, electronic reader, e-book application) configured to display electronic documents (e.g., web page, text document, word processing document, spreadsheet, presentation slides, drawing, image, message, email, electronic book, electronic magazine) or other content in a tabbed document interface. In a tabbed document interface, multiple items of content (e.g., electronic documents) is, optionally, displayed in respective tabbed windows or views within, for example, an application window. Each tabbed window or view (hereinafter “tabbed window” for convenience) has a corresponding tab that optionally displays information about the electronic document being displayed in the respective tabbed window. Also, a user optionally selects the tab for a corresponding tabbed window to cause the corresponding tabbed window to be displayed in the foreground. In  FIG. 11A , user interface  3300  is an application window for a web browser application. Tabbed window  3302  is displayed within user interface  3300 . Electronic document  3303  (in this case, a web page titled “Sports News”) is displayed in tabbed window  3302 . 
     Tab  3304 , corresponding to tabbed window  3302 , is, optionally, displayed in tab bar  3305  in user interface  3300 . In  FIG. 11A , tab bar  3305  is located between tabbed window  3302  and title bar  3301  of user interface  3300 . Tab  3304  is, optionally, visually connected to tabbed window  3302  as shown in  FIG. 11A ; there is no clear boundary line between tab  3304  and tabbed window  3302 . The title “Sports News” of electronic document  3303  is, optionally, displayed in tab  3304 . The title of the electronic document displayed in the active tabbed window in user interface  3300  is, optionally, displayed in title bar  3301 . For example, in  FIG. 11A , the title “Sports News,” corresponding to electronic document  3303  displayed in active tabbed window  3302 , is displayed in title bar  3301 . 
     User interface  3300  optionally includes other elements that are not shown, including, for example, an address bar, one or more buttons or icons for activating various operations or functions, and one or more menus. Electronic document  3303  includes one or more hyperlinks  3308  to other electronic documents (e.g., other web pages) or items of content. For example, electronic document  3303  includes hyperlinks  3308  to respective electronic documents.  FIG. 11A  also shows cursor  3306  displayed at a location over hyperlink  3308 - 3 . Cursor  3306  is an example of a focus selector. Cursor  3306  is, optionally, positioned over hyperlink  3308 - 3  by a user performing an input on touch-sensitive surface  451  (e.g., touchpad  355 ) of the device to move cursor  3306  to the desired position over hyperlink  3308 - 3 . 
       FIG. 11A  shows contact  3310  detected on touch-sensitive surface  451  while cursor  3306  is located over hyperlink  3308 - 3 . Contact  3310  is, optionally, used to perform a gesture including a press input on touch-sensitive surface  451  (e.g., a user pushing down on touch-sensitive surface  451  with contact  3310  so as to increase the intensity of contact  3310 ). Contact  3310  has an intensity that is detected by the device. If the device determines that the intensity of contact  3310  is above the representation appearance intensity threshold (e.g., “IT 1 ”), a representation (e.g., representation  3312 ) of a tab is displayed, within tabbed window  3302 , surrounding or near hyperlink  3308 - 3  (the hyperlink over which cursor  3306  is positioned), as shown in  FIG. 11C, 11D , or  11 E. 
     As described above, the representation of a tab is, optionally, displayed as surrounding or near hyperlink  3308 - 3 . In some embodiments, the representation (e.g., representation  3312 ) is displayed proximate to or near (e.g., adjacent to) hyperlink  3308 - 3 , as shown in  FIG. 11C . In some other embodiments, the representation (e.g., representation  3314  or  3316 ) is displayed as surrounding hyperlink  3308 - 3 , as shown in  FIG. 11D or 11E . In some embodiments, the representation (e.g., representation  3312 ,  3314 , or  3316 ) is, optionally, displayed such that the representation (and hyperlink  3308 - 3 , if the representation is surrounding the hyperlink) appears to be hovering over electronic document  3303 . 
     The description below uses representation  3312  as an illustrative example of the representation that is displayed in accordance with the determination that the intensity of contact  3310  is above the representation appearance intensity threshold. It should be appreciated that the description below is applicable to other representations of a tab, including representation  3314  in  FIG. 11D  and representation  3316  in  FIG. 11E . 
     In  FIGS. 11A-11C , the device detects an increase in intensity of contact  3310  from an intensity below the light press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT L ”) in  FIG. 11A  to an intensity between the representation appearance intensity threshold (e.g., IT 1 ) and the new tab intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”) in  FIG. 11B  and then to an intensity above the new tab intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”) in  FIG. 11C . In some embodiments, displaying representation  3312  includes displaying an animation in which representation  3312  gradually appears. When the device determines that the intensity of contact  3310  is above the representation appearance intensity threshold, as described above, representation  3312  is, optionally, animated to fade in, as shown in  FIG. 11B , until it is completely displayed, as shown in  FIG. 11C . In some embodiments, the animation of the representation to gradually appear has a progression (e.g., rate of fade-in) that is determined in accordance with the intensity of contact  3310 . For example, a higher intensity corresponds to a faster fade-in speed. In some embodiments, animation of the representation appearing is based on a current intensity of the contact (e.g., sequential stages in the animation are mapped to sequential intensity values between the representation appearance intensity threshold and the new tab intensity threshold). 
     In  FIG. 11F , after displaying representation  3312 , the device detects a decrease in the intensity of contact  3310 , to an intensity below the representation appearance threshold (e.g., “IT 1 ”) and above the representation disappearance intensity threshold (e.g., “IT 2 ”) without detecting liftoff of contact  3310 . In response to detection of the decrease in intensity, the device displays an animation of representation  3312  gradually disappearing (e.g., fade out), as shown in  FIG. 11F . In some embodiments, the animation of the representation to gradually disappear has a progression (e.g., rate of fade-out) that is determined in accordance with the intensity of contact  3310 . For example, a lower intensity corresponds to a faster fade-out speed. In some embodiments, animation of the representation disappearing is based on a current intensity of the contact (e.g., sequential stages in the animation are mapped to sequential intensity values between the representation disappearance intensity threshold and the new tab intensity threshold). 
     When the intensity of contact  3310  decreases below the representation disappearance intensity threshold (e.g., “IT 2 ”) that is below the representation appearance intensity threshold (e.g., “IT 1 ”), but still without liftoff of contact  3310 , representation  3312  ceases to be displayed, as shown in  FIG. 11G . The cessation of display of representation  3312  in response to the decrease in the intensity of contact  3310  below the representation disappearance intensity threshold (e.g., “IT 2 ”) is, optionally, a culmination of the animation described above in reference to  FIG. 11F . 
     In some embodiments, the displaying of representation  3312  indicates that liftoff of contact  3310  at that point in time will meet a set of one or more predefined intensity criteria, and content (e.g., an electronic document) associated with hyperlink  3308 - 3  will be loaded into a second tabbed window distinct from tabbed window  3302  in response to detection of a liftoff of contact  3310 . 
     In some embodiments, the predefined intensity criteria includes that the intensity of contact  3310  be above the new tab intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”) at a predefined time relative to detection of liftoff of contact  3310 . In some other embodiments, the predefined intensity criteria includes that the intensity of contact  3310  be above the new tab intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”) at any time prior to detection of liftoff of contact  3310  (e.g., that contact  3310  had a maximum intensity above IT D ). 
     In some embodiments, the new tab intensity threshold is the same as the representation appearance intensity threshold (e.g., the representation appearance intensity threshold and the new tab intensity threshold are both IT D ). In some other embodiments, the new tab intensity threshold is different from the representation appearance intensity threshold (e.g., the representation appearance intensity threshold is IT 1 , while the new tab intensity threshold is IT D ). 
     In some embodiments, cessation of display of representation  3312  indicates that a liftoff of contact  3310  at that point in time will not meet the predefined intensity criteria, and content (e.g., an electronic document) associated with hyperlink  3308 - 3  will be loaded into tabbed window  3302 , replacing electronic document  3303  within tabbed window  3302 , in response to detection of a liftoff of contact  3310 . 
     Returning to  FIG. 11G , representation  3312  ceases to be displayed in response to a decrease in the intensity of contact  3310  below the representation disappearance intensity threshold (e.g., “IT 2 ”), and cursor  3306  remains positioned over hyperlink  3308 - 3 . After representation  3312  ceases to be displayed, the device detects liftoff of contact  3310  from touch-sensitive surface  451 , as shown in  FIG. 11H . In response to detection of the liftoff of contact  3310  from touch-sensitive surface  451 , if the liftoff of contact  3310  does not meet the predefined intensity criteria, electronic document  3318 , associated with hyperlink  3308 - 3 , is displayed in tabbed window  3302  in place of electronic document  3303 , and title bar  3301  is updated with the title of electronic document  3318 , as shown in  FIG. 11H . 
     In some embodiments, liftoff of contact  3310  with an intensity below the representation disappearance intensity threshold (e.g., “IT 2 ”) does not meet the predefined intensity criteria. When contact  3310  is lifted off from touch-sensitive surface  451  after representation  3312  ceases to be displayed, electronic document  3318  is displayed within tabbed window  3302  in response to detection of the liftoff, and title bar  3301  is updated with the title of electronic document  3318 , as shown in  FIG. 11H . 
     Returning to, and continuing from,  FIG. 11C ,  FIG. 11I  shows contact  3310  on touch-sensitive surface  451  with an intensity that is above the new tab intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”). Also, representation  3312  is displayed. In response to detection of the liftoff of contact  3310  from touch-sensitive surface  451  (e.g., as detected in  FIG. 11J ), electronic document  3318  is loaded in a new tabbed window distinct from tabbed window  3302 , and electronic document  3303  remains in tabbed window  3302 ; liftoff of contact  3310  meets the predefined intensity criteria, as shown in  FIGS. 11J-11P . 
     In some embodiments, a new tabbed window is created over tabbed window  3302 , and electronic document  3318  is loaded in the new tabbed window. Further, in some embodiments, an animation of representation  3312  becoming the new tabbed window is, optionally, displayed. For example,  FIGS. 11J-11K  show instances of an animation in which representation  3312  from  FIG. 11I  expands, in response to detection of the liftoff of contact  3310  (e.g., in  FIG. 11J ) and in accordance with the liftoff of contact  3310  meeting the predefined intensity criteria, to become tabbed window  3320 , as shown in  FIG. 11L . Tabbed window  3320  includes tab  3322 , which is displayed in tab bar  3305 . Tabbed window  3320  is displayed over tabbed window  3302 , hiding tabbed window  3302 . Tab  3304  is, optionally, displayed as shaded to indicate that tabbed window  3302  is hidden behind tabbed window  3320  (e.g., to indicate that tabbed window  3302  is not the currently active tabbed window). Electronic document  3318  is loaded and displayed in tabbed window  3320 , and title bar  3301  is updated with the title of electronic document  3318 . Electronic document  3303  is maintained in tabbed window  3302 . 
     In some other embodiments, a new tabbed window is created behind tabbed window  3302 , and electronic document  3318  is loaded in the new tabbed window. Further, in some embodiments, an animation of representation  3312  becoming the new tabbed window behind tabbed window  3302  is, optionally, displayed. For example,  FIGS. 11M-11O  show instances of an animation in which representation  3312  from  FIG. 11I  moves to tab bar  3305 , in response to detection of the liftoff of contact  3310  (e.g., in  FIG. 11M ). When the animation of representation  3312  moving to tab bar  3305  is complete, tab  3322  is displayed in tab bar  3305 , as shown in  FIG. 11O . Tab  3322  is, optionally, displayed as shaded to indicate that tabbed window  3320  corresponding to tab  3322  is hidden in the background behind tabbed window  3302 . While the loading of electronic document  3318  in hidden tabbed window  3320  is in progress, information or an indication to that effect (e.g., the text “Loading . . . ”) is, optionally, displayed in tab  3322 , as shown in  FIG. 11O . When the loading is complete, the information in tab  3322  changes to the title of electronic document  3318 , but tabbed window  3320  remains in the background, behind tabbed window  3302 , as shown in  FIG. 11P . Throughout, electronic document  3303  is maintained in tabbed window  3302 . 
     To bring tabbed window  3320  into the foreground, a user selects tab  3322 . For example, the user optionally performs an input on touch-sensitive surface  451  to position cursor  3306  over tab  3322  (e.g., by moving contact  3324  across touch-sensitive surface  451 , as shown in  FIG. 11P ), and then perform a gesture (e.g., a press input including an increase in intensity of contact  3324  from an intensity below IT L  to an intensity above IT L , as shown in  FIG. 11Q  and a subsequent decrease in intensity of contact  3324  below IT L , as shown in  FIG. 11R ) while cursor  3306  is positioned over tab  3322 , as shown in  FIG. 11Q . In response to detection of the gesture performed with  3324  while cursor  3306  is positioned over tab  3322 , tabbed window  3320  with electronic document  3318  is displayed in the foreground, and title bar  3301  is updated with the title of electronic document  3318 , as shown in  FIG. 11R . Tab  3304  is, optionally, shaded to indicate that tabbed window  3302  is in the background (e.g., that tabbed window  3302  is not the active window), hidden behind tabbed window  3320 . 
       FIGS. 11S-11Z  illustrate an example of the user interfaces described above with reference to  FIGS. 11A-11R  implemented on a device (e.g., device  100 ) with a touch-sensitive display (e.g., touch screen  112 ).  FIG. 11S  illustrates user interface  3330  displayed on touch screen  112  of a device (e.g., device  100 ). User interface  3330  corresponds to an application configured to display electronic documents or other content in a tabbed document interface. In a tabbed document interface, multiple items of content (e.g., electronic documents) is, optionally, displayed in respective tabbed windows or views within, for example, an application window. Each tabbed window or view (hereinafter “tabbed window” for convenience) has a corresponding tab that optionally displays information about the electronic document being displayed in the respective tabbed window. Also, a user optionally selects the tab for a corresponding tabbed window to cause the corresponding tabbed window to be displayed in the foreground. In  FIG. 11S , user interface  3330  is an application window for a web browser application. Tabbed window  3332  is displayed within user interface  3330 . Electronic document  3333  (in this case, a web page titled “Sports News”) is displayed in tabbed window  3332 . 
     Tab  3334 , corresponding to tabbed window  3332 , is, optionally, displayed in tab bar  3335  in user interface  3330 . In  FIG. 11S , tab bar  3335  is located between tabbed window  3332  and title bar  3331  of user interface  3330 . Tab  3334  is, optionally, visually connected to tabbed window  3332  as shown in  FIG. 11S ; there is no clear boundary line between tab  3334  and tabbed window  3332 . The title “Sports News” of electronic document  3333  is, optionally, displayed in tab  3334 . The title of the electronic document displayed in the active tabbed window in user interface  3330  is, optionally, displayed in title bar  3331 . For example, in  FIG. 11S , the title “Sports News,” corresponding to electronic document  3333  displayed in active tabbed window  3332 , is displayed in title bar  3331 . 
     User interface  3330  optionally includes other elements that are not shown, including, for example, an address bar, one or more buttons or icons for activating various operations or functions, and one or more menus. Electronic document  3333  includes one or more hyperlinks  3338  to other electronic documents (e.g., other web pages) or items of content. For example, electronic document  3333  includes hyperlinks  3338 - 1  thru  3338 - 3  to respective electronic documents. 
       FIG. 11S  shows contact  3340  detected on touch-sensitive display  112  at a location corresponding to hyperlink  3338 - 3 . Contact  3340  is, optionally, used to perform a gesture including a press input on touch-sensitive display  112  (e.g., a user pushing down on touch-sensitive display  112  with contact  3340  so as to increase the intensity of contact  3340 ). Contact  3340  has an intensity that is detected by the device. If the device determines that the intensity of contact  3340  is above the representation appearance intensity threshold (e.g., “IT 1 ”), a representation (e.g., representation  3342 ) of a tab is displayed, within tabbed window  3332 , surrounding or near hyperlink  3338 - 3 , as shown in  FIG. 11T . In some embodiments, displaying representation  3342  includes displaying an animation (not shown) in which representation  3342  gradually appears. After displaying representation  3342 , a decrease in the intensity of contact  3310 , but without liftoff of contact  3340 , is, optionally, detected. In response to detection of the decrease in intensity, an animation (not shown) of representation  3342  gradually disappearing (e.g., fade out) is, optionally, displayed. 
     When the intensity of contact  3340  decreases below the representation disappearance intensity threshold (e.g., “IT 2 ”) that is below the representation appearance intensity threshold (e.g., “IT 1 ”), but still without liftoff of contact  3340 , representation  3342  ceases to be displayed, as shown in  FIG. 11U . 
     After representation  3342  ceases to be displayed, contact  3340  is, optionally, lifted off touch-sensitive display  112 , as shown in  FIG. 11V . In response to detection of the liftoff of contact  3340  from touch-sensitive display  112 , if the liftoff of contact  3340  does not meet the predefined intensity criteria, electronic document  3348 , associated with hyperlink  3338 - 3 , is displayed in tabbed window  3332  in place of electronic document  3333 , and title bar  3331  is updated with the title of electronic document  3348 , as shown in  FIG. 11V . 
     Returning to, and continuing from,  FIG. 11T ,  FIG. 11W  shows contact  3340  on touch-sensitive display  112  with an intensity that is above the new tab intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”). Also, representation  3342  is displayed. In response to detection of the liftoff of contact  3340  from touch-sensitive display  112 , electronic document  3348  is loaded in a new tabbed window distinct from tabbed window  3332 , and electronic document  3333  remains in tabbed window  3332 ; liftoff of contact  3340  meets the predefined intensity criteria. 
     In some embodiments, new tabbed window  3350  is created over tabbed window  3332 , and electronic document  3348  is loaded in tabbed window  3350 , as shown in  FIG. 11X . Further, in some embodiments, an animation (similar to that shown in  FIGS. 11J-11L ) of representation  3342  becoming the new tabbed window is, optionally, displayed. Tabbed window  3350  includes tab  3352 , which is displayed in tab bar  3335 . In  FIG. 11X , tabbed window  3350  is displayed over tabbed window  3332 , hiding tabbed window  3332 . Tab  3334  is, optionally, displayed as shaded to indicate that tabbed window  3332  is hidden behind tabbed window  3350 . Electronic document  3348  is loaded and displayed in tabbed window  3350 , and title bar  3331  is updated with the title of electronic document  3348 . Electronic document  3333  is maintained in tabbed window  3302 . 
     In some embodiments, a new tabbed window is created behind tabbed window  3332 , and electronic document  3348  is loaded in the new tabbed window, as shown in  FIG. 11Y . Further, in some embodiments, an animation (similar to that shown in  FIGS. 11M-11O ) of representation  3342  becoming the new tabbed window behind tabbed window  3332  is, optionally, displayed. Tab  3352  is displayed in tab bar  3335 , as shown in  FIG. 11Y . Tab  3352  is, optionally, displayed as shaded to indicate that tabbed window  3350  corresponding to tab  3352  is hidden in the background behind tabbed window  3332 . When the loading is complete, the information in tab  3352  changes to the title of electronic document, but tabbed window  3350  remains in the background, behind tabbed window  3332 , as shown in  FIG. 11Y . Throughout, electronic document  3333  is maintained in tabbed window  3332 . 
     In some embodiments, to bring tabbed window  3350  into the foreground, a user selects tab  3352 . For example, the user optionally performs a gesture (e.g., a tap gesture including contact  3354 ) on touch-sensitive display  112  over tab  3352 . In response to detection of the gesture over tab  3322 , tabbed window  3350  with electronic document  3348  is displayed in the foreground, and title bar  3331  is updated with the title of electronic document  3348 , as shown in  FIG. 11Z . Tab  3334  is, optionally, shaded to indicate that tabbed window  3332  is in the background, hidden behind tabbed window  3350 . 
       FIGS. 12A-12B  are flow diagrams illustrating a method  3400  of displaying content associated with a hyperlink in accordance with some embodiments. The method  3400  is performed at an electronic device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG. 3 , or portable multifunction device  100 ,  FIG. 1A ) with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is a touch screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method  3400  are, optionally, combined and/or the order of some operations is, optionally, changed. 
     As described below, the method  3400  provides an intuitive way to display content associated with a hyperlink. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when displaying content associated with a hyperlink, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to display content associated with a hyperlink faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     The device displays ( 3402 ), on the display, an electronic document in a first tabbed window of an application with a tabbed document interface, and the electronic document includes a hyperlink.  FIG. 11A , for example, shows electronic document  3303  displayed in tabbed window  3302  within user interface  3300 . Electronic document  3303  includes hyperlink  3308 - 3 .  FIG. 11S , for example, shows electronic document  3333  displayed in tabbed window  3332  within user interface  3330 . Electronic document  3333  includes hyperlink  3338 - 3 . 
     While a focus selector (e.g., cursor  3306  in  FIG. 11A  or contact  3340  in  FIG. 11S ) is over the hyperlink, the device detects ( 3404 ) a press input from a contact (e.g., a finger contact) on the touch-sensitive surface, and the contact has an intensity. For example,  FIG. 11A  also shows contact  3310  detected on touch-sensitive surface  451  while cursor  3306  is located over hyperlink  3308 - 3 . Contact  3310  is, optionally, a part of a press input on touch-sensitive surface  451 . Contact  3310  has an intensity that is, optionally, determined by the device. As another example,  FIG. 11S  also shows contact  3340  detected on touch-sensitive display  112  over hyperlink  3338 - 3 . Contact  3340 , which has an intensity, is, optionally, a part of a press input on touch-sensitive display  112 . 
     In accordance with a determination that the intensity of the contact is above a first intensity threshold (e.g., the representation appearance intensity threshold), the device displays ( 3406 ), within the first tabbed window, a representation of a tab surrounding or proximate to the hyperlink in the electronic document. In some embodiments, the tab is displayed adjacent to or as part of a user interface element that surrounds the hyperlink. In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the maximum intensity of the contact is below the first intensity threshold (e.g., the representation appearance intensity threshold), the device continues to display the hyperlink without displaying, within the first tabbed window, the representation of the tab surrounding or proximate to the hyperlink in the electronic document. 
       FIGS. 11C-11E  illustrate examples of a representation of a tab displayed in accordance with a determination that contact  3310  has an intensity above the representation appearance intensity threshold (e.g., “IT 1 ”).  FIG. 11C  shows representation  3312  displayed adjacent to hyperlink  3308 - 3  in accordance with a determination that contact  3310  has an intensity above the representation appearance intensity threshold (e.g., “IT 1 ”).  FIGS. 11D and 11E  show representation  3314  and  3316 , respectively, displayed as surrounding hyperlink  3308 - 3  in accordance with a determination that contact  3310  has an intensity above the representation appearance intensity threshold (e.g., “IT 1 ”).  FIG. 11T  shows representation  3342  displayed adjacent to hyperlink  3338 - 3  in accordance with a determination that contact  3340  has an intensity above the representation appearance intensity threshold (e.g., “IT 1 ”). 
     In some embodiments, displaying the representation of the tab surrounding or proximate to the hyperlink includes ( 3408 ) displaying an animation of the representation of the tab gradually appearing starting at a location surrounding or proximate to the hyperlink, where the progression of the animation is determined in accordance with the intensity of the contact.  FIGS. 11B-11C , for example, show an animation of representation  3312  gradually appearing (e.g., fade-in) next to hyperlink  3308 - 3 . In some embodiments, the progression of the animation of representation  3312  gradually appearing is, optionally, determined in accordance with the intensity of contact  3310 . 
     In some embodiments, after displaying the representation of the tab surrounding or proximate to the hyperlink, the device detects ( 3410 ) a decrease in intensity of the contact, and in response to detecting the decrease in intensity of the contact, displays an animation of the representation of the tab gradually disappearing, where the progression of the animation is determined in accordance with the intensity of the contact.  FIG. 11F , for example, shows the intensity of contact  3310  decreasing from the intensity of contact  3310  as in  FIG. 11C  (e.g., the intensity of contact decreases from an intensity above IT D  in  FIG. 11C  to an intensity between IT 1  and IT 2  in  FIG. 11F ). In response to detection of the decrease in intensity of contact  3310 , an animation of representation  3312  gradually disappearing (e.g., fade-out) is displayed. The progression of the animation of representation  3312  gradually disappearing is, optionally, determined in accordance with the intensity of contact  3310 . 
     In some embodiments, the representation of the tab is ( 3412 ) displayed when the contact has an intensity above the first intensity threshold, the representation of the tab ceases to be displayed when the contact has an intensity below a second intensity threshold that is less than the first intensity threshold, displaying the representation of the tab indicates that a liftoff of the contact will meet the predefined intensity criteria and will cause content associated with the hyperlink to be loaded in the second tabbed window, and ceasing to display the representation of the tab indicates that a liftoff of the contact will cause the electronic document in the first tabbed window to be replaced with content associated with the hyperlink (e.g., in response to detecting liftoff of the contact, in accordance with a determination that the representation of the tab is displayed, the device loads the content associated with the hyperlink in the second tabbed window, and in accordance with a determination that the representation of the tab is not displayed, the device forgoes loading the content associated with the hyperlink in the second tabbed window and instead replaces the electronic document in the first tabbed window with the content associated with the hyperlink). For example,  FIG. 11C  shows representation  3312  displayed when contact  3310  has an intensity above the representation appearance intensity threshold (e.g., “IT 1 ”). Continuing from  FIG. 11C ,  FIGS. 11F-11G  show the intensity of contact  3310  decreasing below the representation disappearance intensity threshold (e.g., “IT 2 ”), which is less than the representation appearance intensity threshold, and representation  3312  ceasing to be displayed when the intensity of contact  3310  decreases below the representation disappearance intensity threshold (e.g., “IT 2 ”), as shown in  FIG. 11F . The displaying of representation  3312  indicates that a liftoff of contact  3310  will meet the predefined intensity criteria and will cause electronic document  3318  to be loaded in tabbed window  3320 . Cessation of display of representation  3312  indicates that a liftoff of contact  3310  will cause electronic document  3303  in tabbed window  3302  to be replaced with electronic document  3318  associated with hyperlink  3308 - 3 . 
     As another example,  FIG. 11T  shows representation  3342  displayed when contact  3340  has an intensity above the representation appearance intensity threshold (e.g., “IT 1 ”). Continuing from  FIG. 11T ,  FIG. 11U  shows representation  3342  ceasing to be displayed when the intensity of contact  3340  decreases below the representation disappearance intensity threshold (e.g., “IT 2 ”). The displaying of representation  3342  indicates that a liftoff of contact  3340  will meet the predefined intensity criteria and will cause electronic document  3348  to be loaded in tabbed window  3350 , as shown in  FIG. 11X . Cessation of display of representation  3342  indicates that a liftoff of contact  3340  will cause electronic document  3333  in tabbed window  3332  to be replaced with electronic document  3348  associated with hyperlink  3338 - 3 , as shown in  FIG. 11V . 
     The device detects ( 3414 ) a liftoff of the contact from the touch-sensitive surface while the focus selector is over the hyperlink.  FIGS. 11H and 11J-11P  show detection of a liftoff of contact  3310  from touch-sensitive surface  451 .  FIG. 11H  shows detection of a liftoff of contact  3310  that does not meet the predefined intensity criteria.  FIGS. 11J-11P  show detection of a liftoff of contact  3310  that meets the predefined intensity criteria.  FIGS. 11V and 11W-11Z  show detection of a liftoff of contact  3340  from touch-sensitive display  112 .  FIG. 11V  shows detection of a liftoff of contact  3340  that does not meet the predefined intensity criteria.  FIGS. 11W-11Z  show detection of a liftoff of contact  3340  that meets the predefined intensity criteria. 
     In response ( 3416 ) to detecting the liftoff of the contact from the touch-sensitive surface, in accordance with a determination that the liftoff of the contact met predefined intensity criteria, the device loads ( 3424 ) content associated with the hyperlink (e.g., a web page that corresponds to the hyperlink) in a second tabbed window, different from the first tabbed window, while maintaining the electronic document in the first tabbed window ( 3418 ); and in accordance with a determination that the liftoff of the contact did not meet the predefined intensity criteria, the device replaces the electronic document in the first tabbed window with the content associated with the hyperlink. In  FIG. 11H , in response to a liftoff of contact  3310  that does not meet the predefined intensity criteria, electronic document  3303  in tabbed window  3302  is replaced with electronic document  3318 . In  FIGS. 11L and 11O , in response to a liftoff of contact  3310  that meets the predefined intensity criteria, electronic document  3318  is loaded in tabbed window  3320 , and electronic document  3303  is maintained in tabbed window  3302 . 
     In  FIG. 11V , in response to a liftoff of contact  3340  that does not meet the predefined intensity criteria, electronic document  3333  in tabbed window  3332  is replaced with electronic document  3348 . In  FIGS. 11X and 11Y , in response to a liftoff of contact  3340  that meets the predefined intensity criteria, electronic document  3348  is loaded in tabbed window  3350 , and electronic document  3333  is maintained in tabbed window  3332 . 
     In some embodiments, loading content associated with the hyperlink in the second tabbed window includes displaying ( 3420 ) an animation of the representation of the tab expanding to become the second tabbed window of the application.  FIGS. 11J-11L , for example, illustrate an animation of representation  3312  expanding to become tabbed window  3320 . 
     In some embodiments, the second tabbed window is a background tabbed window, loading content associated with the hyperlink in the second tabbed window includes, while continuing to display the electronic document in the first tabbed window: displaying ( 3422 ) an animation of the representation of the tab moving to a tab bar, and loading the content associated with the hyperlink in the second tabbed window without displaying the content associated with the hyperlink in the second tabbed window. In some embodiments, an indication of the content associated with the hyperlink is displayed in the tab (e.g., a title of the webpage or a favicon associated with the webpage) but the body of the webpage is not displayed within in the second tabbed window because the second tabbed window is a background window and is thus “behind” the first tabbed window.  FIGS. 11M-11P , for example, illustrate representation  3312  moving into tab bar  3305  to become tab  3322  for tabbed window  3320 , which remains in the background behind tabbed window  3302  while electronic document  3318  is loaded in tabbed window  3320 . 
     In some embodiments, the predefined intensity criteria include ( 3426 ) that the contact had an intensity above a second intensity threshold at a predefined time relative to detecting the liftoff of the contact (e.g., the force of the contact 10 ms prior to liftoff). In some embodiments, the first intensity threshold is the same as the second intensity threshold. In some embodiments, the first intensity threshold is different from the second intensity threshold. For example, the predefined intensity criteria include that contact  3310  have an intensity above the new tab intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”) at a predefined time (e.g., 10 ms) prior to liftoff of contact  3310 . Depending on the embodiment, the new tab intensity threshold is, optionally, the same as or different from the representation appearance intensity threshold. In some embodiments, the predefined intensity criteria include ( 3428 ) that the contact had an intensity above a second intensity threshold at any time prior to detecting the liftoff of the contact (e.g., the criteria is based on the maximum force of contact prior to detecting liftoff). For example, the predefined intensity criteria include that contact  3310  have an intensity above the new tab intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”) at any time prior to liftoff of contact  3310 . 
     In some embodiments, the predefined intensity criteria are met for a respective gesture performed with a respective contact when (or, optionally, only when) the respective contact has a maximum intensity above IT D  and the device detects liftoff of the respective contact while the respective contact has an intensity above IT D . In some embodiments, the predefined intensity criteria are met for a respective gesture performed with a respective contact when (or, optionally, only when) the respective contact has a maximum intensity above IT D  and the device detects liftoff of the respective contact while the respective contact has an intensity above IT 1 . In some embodiments, the predefined intensity criteria are met for a respective gesture performed with a respective contact when (or, optionally, only when) the respective contact has a maximum intensity above IT D  and the device detects liftoff of the respective contact while the respective contact has an intensity above IT 2 . In some embodiments, the predefined intensity criteria are met for a respective gesture performed with a respective contact when (or, optionally, only when) the respective contact has a maximum intensity above IT D  and the device detects liftoff of the respective contact while the respective contact has an intensity above IT L . 
     It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in  FIGS. 12A-12B  have been described is merely exemplary and is not intended to indicate that the described order is the only order in which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to reorder the operations described herein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processes described herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g., those listed in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments) are also applicable in an analogous manner to method  3400  described above with respect to  FIGS. 12A-12B . For example, the contacts, gestures, intensity thresholds, focus selectors, animations, and content described above with reference to method  3400  optionally has one or more of the characteristics of the contacts, gestures, intensity thresholds, focus selectors, animations, and content described herein with reference to other methods described herein (e.g., those listed in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments). For brevity, these details are not repeated here. 
     In accordance with some embodiments,  FIG. 13  shows a functional block diagram of an electronic device  3500  configured in accordance with the principles of the various described embodiments. The functional blocks of the device are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of the various described embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill in the art that the functional blocks described in  FIG. 13  are, optionally, combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of the various described embodiments. Therefore, the description herein optionally supports any possible combination or separation or further definition of the functional blocks described herein. 
     As shown in  FIG. 13 , an electronic device  3500  includes a display unit  3502  configured to display an electronic document in a first tabbed window of an application with a tabbed document interface, the electronic document including a hyperlink; a touch-sensitive surface unit  3504  configured to receive contacts; one or more sensor unit  3505  configured to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit  3504 ; and a processing unit  3506  coupled to the display unit  3502 , the touch-sensitive surface unit  3504 , and the sensor unit  3505 . In some embodiments, the processing unit  3506  includes a detecting unit  3508 , a display enabling unit  3510 , a loading unit  3512 , and a replacing unit  3514 . 
     The processing unit  3506  is configured to: while a focus selector is over the hyperlink, detect a press input from a contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit  3504 , the contact having an intensity (e.g., with the detecting unit  3508 ); in accordance with a determination that the intensity of the contact is above a first intensity threshold, enable display of, within the first tabbed window, a representation of a tab surrounding or proximate to the hyperlink in the electronic document (e.g., with the display enabling unit  3510 ); detect a liftoff of the contact from the touch-sensitive surface unit  3504  while the focus selector is over the hyperlink (e.g., with the detecting unit  3508 ); and in response to detecting the liftoff of the contact from the touch-sensitive surface unit  3504 : in accordance with a determination that the liftoff of the contact met predefined intensity criteria, load content associated with the hyperlink in a second tabbed window, different from the first tabbed window, while maintaining the electronic document in the first tabbed window (e.g., with the loading unit  3512 ); and in accordance with a determination that the liftoff of the contact did not meet the predefined intensity criteria, replace the electronic document in the first tabbed window with the content associated with the hyperlink (e.g., with the replacing unit  3514 ). 
     In some embodiments, the predefined intensity criteria include that the contact had an intensity above a second intensity threshold at a predefined time relative to detecting the liftoff of the contact. 
     In some embodiments, the predefined intensity criteria include that the contact had an intensity above a second intensity threshold at any time prior to detecting the liftoff of the contact. 
     In some embodiments, loading content associated with the hyperlink in the second tabbed window includes enabling display of an animation of the representation of the tab expanding to become the second tabbed window of the application. 
     In some embodiments, the second tabbed window is a background tabbed window; and loading content associated with the hyperlink in the second tabbed window includes, while continuing to display the electronic document in the first tabbed window: enabling display of an animation of the representation of the tab moving to a tab bar (e.g., with the display enabling unit  3510 ); and loading the content associated with the hyperlink in the second tabbed window without displaying the content associated with the hyperlink in the second tabbed window (e.g., with the loading unit  3512 ). 
     In some embodiments, enabling display of the representation of the tab surrounding or proximate to the hyperlink includes: enabling display of an animation of the representation of the tab gradually appearing starting at a location surrounding or proximate to the hyperlink, wherein the progression of the animation is determined in accordance with the intensity of the contact (e.g., with the display enabling unit  3510 ). 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  3506  is configured to, after enabling display of the representation of the tab surrounding or proximate to the hyperlink: detect a decrease in intensity of the contact (e.g., with the detecting unit  3508 ); and in response to detecting the decrease in intensity of the contact, enable display of an animation of the representation of the tab gradually disappearing, wherein the progression of the animation is determined in accordance with the intensity of the contact (e.g., with the display enabling unit  3510 ). 
     In some embodiments, the representation of the tab is displayed when the contact has an intensity above the first intensity threshold; the representation of the tab ceases to be displayed when the contact has an intensity below a second intensity threshold that is less than the first intensity threshold; displaying the representation of the tab indicates that a liftoff of the contact will meet the predefined intensity criteria and will cause content associated with the hyperlink to be loaded in the second tabbed window; and ceasing to display the representation of the tab indicates that a liftoff of the contact will cause the electronic document in the first tabbed window to be replaced with content associated with the hyperlink. 
     The operations in the information processing methods described above are, optionally implemented by running one or more functional modules in information processing apparatus such as general purpose processors (e.g., as described above with respect to  FIGS. 1A and 3 ) or application specific chips. 
     The operations described above with reference to  FIGS. 12A-12B  are, optionally, implemented by components depicted in  FIGS. 1A-1B  or  FIG. 13 . For example, detection operations  3404 ,  3414 , displaying operation  3406 , loading operation  3418 , and replacing operation  3424  are, optionally, implemented by event sorter  170 , event recognizer  180 , and event handler  190 . Event monitor  171  in event sorter  170  detects a contact on touch-sensitive display  112 , and event dispatcher module  174  delivers the event information to application  136 - 1 . A respective event recognizer  180  of application  136 - 1  compares the event information to respective event definitions  186 , and determines whether a first contact at a first location on the touch-sensitive surface (or whether rotation of the device) corresponds to a predefined event or sub-event, such as selection of an object on a user interface, or rotation of the device from one orientation to another. When a respective predefined event or sub-event is detected, event recognizer  180  activates an event handler  190  associated with the detection of the event or sub-event. Event handler  190  optionally utilizes or calls data updater  176  or object updater  177  to update the application internal state  192 . In some embodiments, event handler  190  accesses a respective GUI updater  178  to update what is displayed by the application. Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in the art how other processes can be implemented based on the components depicted in  FIGS. 1A-1B . 
     Enlarging Content in a Document 
     Some electronic documents have multiple content elements. For example, a document optionally has images, a main article or body text, and advertisements. A user may be interested in a particular content element and want to focus on that element by, e.g., enlarging that element. In some methods, the user would have to zoom in on the entire document in order to enlarge a particular element, which frustrates the intentions of user because the other elements that present a distraction to the user are enlarged also. The embodiments described below improve on these methods. The user performs a zooming gesture (e.g., depinch gesture) on a document, over a particular element in the document. Depending on whether the contacts in the gesture meet respective contact intensity criteria, the entire document is zoomed, or the particular element is enlarged relative to the rest of the document. Thus, the user can choose to enlarge a particular element in a document, in order to focus on it, or to zoom the entire document. 
       FIGS. 14A-14O  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for enlarging content in a document in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in  FIGS. 15A-15C .  FIGS. 14A-14O  include intensity diagrams that show the current intensity of the contact or average intensity of a plurality of contacts in a gesture performed on the touch-sensitive surface relative to a plurality of intensity thresholds including a deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT D ”) and a light press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT L ”). 
       FIG. 14A  illustrates document  4204  displayed on display  450  (e.g., display  340 , touch screen  112 ) of a device (e.g., device  300 , device  100 ). Document  4204  is, optionally, a word processing document, spreadsheet document, presentation document, webpage, Portable Document Format document (sometimes referred to as a PDF), or an electronic book or magazine, to name a few examples. Document  4204  is displayed at a first magnification level  4204 - a.    
     Document  4204  includes multiple content elements, including, for example, body text  4206 , advertisements  4208 , images  4210 , and hyperlinks  4222 . It should be appreciated that advertisements  4208  and images  4210  are, optionally, hyperlinks as well, and body text  4206  optionally includes one or more hyperlinks within the text. In accordance with magnification level  4204 - a  of document  4204 , body text  4206 , advertisements  4208 , images  4210 , and hyperlinks  4222  are displayed at sizes  4206 - a ,  4208 - a ,  4210 - a , and  4222 - a , respectively. Other examples of content elements in a document include, for example, an embedded media player (e.g., embedded video or audio). In some elements, the content elements are content blocks of a webpage. For example, if document  4204  is a webpage, then body text  4206 , advertisements  4208 , images  4210 , and hyperlinks  4222  are respective content blocks of the webpage. 
     A focus selector (e.g., cursor  4212 ) is also displayed on display  450 . Cursor  4212  is, optionally, moved across display  450  by a user (e.g., a mouse input, or a moving contact on touch-sensitive surface  451  as shown in  FIG. 14H ). In  FIG. 14A , cursor  4212  is displayed over body text  4206 . 
     A first gesture, which includes contacts  4214 - 1  and  4214 - 2 , is detected on touch-sensitive surface  451  of the device. Contacts  4214 - 1  and  4214 - 2  are detected at locations  4214 - 1 - a  and  4214 - 2 - a , respectively, on touch-sensitive surface  451 . The first gesture also includes movement  4216 - 1  of contact  4214 - 1 , from location  4214 - 1 - a  to location  4214 - 1 - b  ( FIG. 14B ), and movement  4216 - 2  of contact  4214 - 2 , in a direction that is substantially opposite of direction of the movement  4216 - 1  of contact  4216 - 1 , from location  4214 - 2 - a  to location  4214 - 2 - b  ( FIG. 14B ); the gesture shown in  FIGS. 14A-14B  is an example of a depinch gesture. Movements of contacts  4214 - 1  and  4214 - 2  are detected on touch-sensitive surface  451 . The first gesture is detected on touch-sensitive surface  451  while cursor  4212  is located over body text  4206 . 
     The device includes a set of one or more contact intensity criteria. In some embodiments, the contact intensity criteria are met if one or more of these measures exceeds a threshold (e.g., threshold IT D  in the intensity diagrams shown in the figures): an average intensity of the contacts, a sum of intensity of the contacts, a maximum intensity of the contacts, a minimum intensity of the contacts, or a difference in intensity between the contacts. For a particular embodiment, one or more of these measures are, optionally, considered when evaluating whether the contact intensity criteria are met. For ease of explanation  FIGS. 14A-14O  use average intensity of the contacts performing pinch and depinch gestures to determine whether the gestures have met contact intensity criteria. In  FIG. 14A , contacts  4214 - 1  and  4214 - 2  have an average intensity that does not exceed threshold IT D , and thus the first gesture does not meet the contact intensity criteria in the example shown in  FIGS. 14A-14B . 
     In response to the detection of the first gesture, document  4204  is zoomed to magnification level  4204 - b , as shown in  FIG. 14B . In accordance with the zooming of document  4204 , the visible content elements in document  4204  are resized (e.g., enlarged) by the same amount. Thus, body text  4206 , advertisements  4208 , images  4210 , and hyperlinks  4222  are resized by the same amount as the zooming of document  4204  to sizes  4206 - b ,  4208 - b ,  4210 - b , and  4222 - b , respectively. For example, if document  4204  is zoomed in from 100% to 200% (i.e., doubled in size) in response to the detection of the first gesture, body text  4206 , advertisements  4208 , images  4210 , and hyperlinks  4222  are all doubled in size as well. 
       FIG. 14C  shows document  4204  displayed on display  450  at magnification level  4204 - a , as in  FIG. 14A . Body text  4206 , advertisements  4208 , images  4210 , and hyperlinks  4222  are displayed as well, at sizes  4206 - a ,  4208 - a ,  4210 - a , and  4222 - a , respectively. Cursor  4212  displayed over body text  4206 . 
     A second gesture, which includes contacts  4218 - 1  and  4218 - 2 , is detected on touch-sensitive surface  451  of the device. Contacts  4218 - 1  and  4218 - 2  are detected at locations  4218 - 1 - a  and  4218 - 2 - a , respectively, on touch-sensitive surface  451 . The second gesture also includes movement  4220 - 1  of contact  4218 - 1 , from location  4218 - 1 - a  to location  4218 - 1 - b  ( FIG. 14D ), and movement of contact  4218 - 2 , in direction that is substantially opposite of the direction of movement  4220 - 1  of contact  4218 - 1 , from location  4218 - 2 - a  to location  4218 - 2 - b  ( FIG. 14D ). Movements of contacts  4218 - 1  and  4218 - 2  are detected on touch-sensitive surface  451 . The second gesture is detected on touch-sensitive surface  451  while cursor  4212  is located over body text  4206 . Contacts  4218 - 1  and  4218 - 2  have an average intensity that exceeds threshold IT D , and thus the second gesture meets the contact intensity criteria in the example shown in  FIG. 14C-14D . 
     In some embodiments, in response to the detection of the second gesture, body text  4206  is resized (e.g., enlarged) to size  4206 - c , but document  4204  remains at magnification level  4204 - a , as shown in  FIG. 14D  (e.g., body text  4206  is enlarged “in line”). In accordance with document  4204  remaining at the same magnification level as prior to the detection of the second gesture, the content elements in document  4204  other than body text  4206 , such as advertisements  4208 , images  4210 , and hyperlinks  4222 , remain at the same sizes as prior to the detection of the second gesture (i.e., remain at sizes  4208 - a ,  4210 - a , and  4222 - a , respectively). In accordance with the enlarging of body text  4206 , the other content elements in document  4204  (e.g., advertisements  4208 , images  4210 , and hyperlinks  4222 ) are, optionally, re-positioned within document  4204  to accommodate the resized body text  4206 . 
     In some embodiments, in response to the detection of the second gesture, body text  4206  is enlarged and displayed as pop-up  4206 - d , as shown in  FIG. 14E . Document  4204  and the other content elements in document  4204  remain at the same size or magnification level as prior to the detection of the second gesture (e.g. magnification level  4204 - a  for document  4204 ). Pop-up  4206 - d  is, optionally, displayed over document  4204  (e.g., hovering over document  4204 ), thus deemphasizing document  4204 . While pop-up  4206 - d  is displayed, interactions with the other content elements in document  4204 , such as advertisements  4208 , images  4210 , and hyperlinks  4222 , are, optionally, disabled (e.g., clicks on hyperlinks  4222  are not selectable or activatable). In some embodiments, the portions of document  4204  that are outside of the document are visually deemphasized by darkening or partially obscuring these portions of document  4204 , as shown in  FIG. 14E . 
     Thus, in response to detection of a gesture that does not meet the contact intensity criteria, document  4204  is zoomed and the content elements in document  4204 , including body text  4206 , are resized in accordance with the zooming of document  4204  (e.g., as shown in  FIGS. 14A-14B ). In response to detection of a gesture that meets the contact intensity criteria, document body text  4206  is resized but document  4204  and the content elements in document  4204  other than body text  4206  remain at the same sizes as prior to detection of the gesture that meets the contact intensity criteria (e.g., as shown in  FIGS. 14C-14E ). 
     While the respective gestures with contacts  4214  and  4218 , respectively, are gestures in which the contacts are moving away from each other (with the result being document  4204  as a whole being zoomed in or body text  4206  enlarged relative to the rest of document  4204 , depending on whether the gesture meets the contact intensity criteria), similar multi-contact gestures in which the contacts are moving toward each other (e.g., a pinch or a finger grasp gesture) are, optionally, performed on touch-sensitive surface  451  over a content element (e.g., body text  4206 ) and be detected. For example, if such a gesture, detected over body text  4206 , does not meet the contact intensity criteria, then document  4204  as a whole is zoomed out (and the content elements within document  4204  are reduced in size in unison). If such a gesture, detected over body text  4206 , meets the contact intensity criteria, then body text  4206  is reduced in size relative to the rest of document  4204  and the other content elements in document  4204  (e.g., body text  4206  is displayed as a smaller content block within document  4204  or as a pop-up in which body text  4206  is displayed in smaller font). 
     While body text  4206  is enlarged (e.g., as enlarged body text  4206 - c  or pop-up  4206 - d ) relative to the rest of the content elements in document  4204  (e.g., document  4204  remains at the same size as prior to detection of the gesture), a drag gesture (e.g., contact  4224  moving in direction  4226  from location  4224 - a  to location  4224 - b  ( FIG. 14G )) is, optionally, detected at a on touch-sensitive surface  451  corresponding to enlarged body text  4206 , as shown on  FIG. 14F . In response to detection of the drag gesture, the enlarged body text  4206  is scrolled relative to the rest of document  4204 . For example,  FIG. 14G  illustrates, in response to detection of the movement of contact  4224  in direction  4226 , body text  4206 - d  scrolling and without scrolling the rest of document  4204  (e.g., advertisements  4208 - a , images  4210 - a ). In  FIGS. 14F-14G , body text  4206  is scrolled in response to movement of a contact with intensity between IT 0  and IT L . In some embodiments, body text is scrolled in response to detecting movement of a contact with intensity between IT L  and IT D  (optionally, without moving the focus selector), and the focus selector is moved (optionally, without scrolling the body text) in response to detecting movement of a contact with an intensity between IT 0  and IT L . In some embodiments, body text is scrolled in response to detecting movement of a contact while the contact is over body text  4206  without regard to the intensity of the contact. In some embodiments, body text is scrolled in response to detecting movement of a plurality of contacts (e.g., a two or three finger swipe gesture) while the focus selector is over body text  4206  without regard to the intensity of the contacts. 
       FIG. 14H  illustrates a gesture being detected on touch-sensitive surface  451  while pop-up  4206 - d  is displayed (or while body text  4206  is enlarged relative to the rest of document  4204 , as in  FIG. 14D ) and cursor  4212  is located away from pop-up  4206 - d  (e.g., the gesture is detected after the device moves cursor  4212  away from body text  4206  in response to detecting movement  4227  of contact  4228  while contact  4228  has an intensity between IT 0  and IT L ). In some embodiments, the detected gesture is a tap gesture. In some embodiments, the detected gesture includes a press input (e.g., an increase in intensity of contact  4228  from an intensity below IT L  in  FIG. 14H  to an intensity above IT L  in  FIG. 14I ) In response to the detection of the gesture in  FIGS. 14H-14I , the device ceases to display body text  4206  as a pop-up  4206 - d  and displays a content block in document  4204  that includes body text  4206  at its original size  4206 - a , as shown in  FIG. 14I . 
       FIG. 14J  illustrates a gesture being detected on touch-sensitive surface  451  while pop-up  4206 - d  is displayed (or while body text  4206  is enlarged relative to the rest of document  4204 , as in  FIG. 14D ) and cursor  4212  is located over pop-up  4206 - d . The gesture includes contacts  4230 - 1  and  4230 - 2 . Contact  4230 - 1  is moving  4232 - 1  from location  4230 - 1 - a  to location  4230 - 1 - b  ( FIG. 14K ), toward contact  4230 - 2 . Contact  4230 - 2  is moving  4232 - 2  from location  4230 - 2 - a  to location  4230 - 2 - b  ( FIG. 14K ), toward contact  4230 - 1  (e.g., the gesture shown in  FIGS. 14J-14K  is a pinch gesture). The average intensity of contacts  4230  is between threshold IT 0  and threshold IT L . In response to the detection of the gesture in  FIGS. 14J-14K , the device ceases to display body text  4206  as a pop-up  4206 - d  and displays a content block in document  4204  that includes body text  4206  at its original size  4206 - a , as shown in  FIG. 14K . 
       FIGS. 14L-14O  illustrate an example of the user interfaces described above with reference to  FIGS. 14A-14K  implemented on a device with a touch-sensitive display (e.g., device  100  with touch screen  112 ), where a centroid of contacts  4242  is a focus selector in  FIGS. 14L-14M  and a centroid of contacts  4246  is a focus selector in  FIGS. 14N-14O .  FIG. 14L  illustrates document  4204  displayed on touch screen  112  at size  4204 - a . Document  4204  includes body text  4206 , advertisements  4208 , images  4210 , and hyperlinks  4222 , displayed at sizes  4206 - a ,  4208 - a ,  4210 - a , and  4222 - a , respectively. 
     In  FIG. 14L , a gesture is detected on touch screen  112  over body text  4206 . The gesture includes contacts  4242 - 1  and  4242 - 2 . Movement  4244 - 1  of contact  4242 - 1  away from contact  4242 - 2 , from location  4242 - 1 - a  to location  4242 - 1 - b  ( FIG. 14M ), is detected. Movement  4244 - 2  of contact  4242 - 2  away from contact  4242 - 1 , from location  4242 - 2 - a  to location  4242 - 2 - b  ( FIG. 14M ), is detected (e.g., the gesture shown in  FIGS. 14L-14M  is a depinch gesture). Contacts  4242  have an average intensity level that is between IT L  and IT D , and thus do not meet the contact intensity criteria. 
     In response to detection of the gesture with contacts  4242  in  FIG. 14L , document  4204  is zoomed to magnification level  4204 - b , as shown in  FIG. 14M . In accordance with the zooming of document  4204 , the visible content elements in document  4204  are resized (e.g., enlarged) by the same amount. Thus, body text  4206 , advertisements  4208 , images  4210 , and hyperlinks  4222  are resized by the same amount as the zooming of document  4204  to sizes  4206 - b ,  4208 - b ,  4210 - b , and  4222 - b , respectively. 
       FIG. 14N  also illustrates document  4204  displayed on touch screen  112  at size  4204 - a , and body text  4206 , advertisements  4208 , images  4210 , and hyperlinks  4222  displayed at sizes  4206 - a ,  4208 - a ,  4210 - a , and  4222 - a , respectively. 
     In  FIG. 14N , a gesture is detected on touch screen  112  over body text  4206 . The gesture includes contacts  4246 - 1  and  4246 - 2 . Movement  4248 - 1  of contact  4246 - 1  away from contact  4246 - 2 , from location  4246 - 1 - a  to location  4246 - 1 - b  ( FIG. 14O ), is detected. Movement  4248 - 2  of contact  4246 - 2  away from contact  4246 - 1 , from location  4246 - 2 - a  to location  4246 - 2 - b  ( FIG. 14O ), is detected (e.g., the gesture shown in  FIGS. 14N-14O  is a depinch gesture). Contacts  4246  have an average intensity level that is above IT D , and thus meet the contact intensity criteria. 
     In response to detection of the gesture with contacts  4246  in  FIG. 14N , body text  4206  is enlarged and displayed as pop-up  4206 - d , as shown in  FIG. 14O . Document  4204  and the other content elements in document  4204  remain at the same size or magnification level as prior to the detection of the gesture. Alternatively, body text  1126  is, optionally, enlarged relative to the other content elements in document  4204  but still displayed within document  4204 , as in  FIG. 14D . 
     While the respective gestures with contacts  4242  and  4246 , respectively, are gestures in which the contacts are moving away from each other (with the result being document  4204  as a whole being zoomed in or body text  4206  enlarged relative to the rest of document  4204 , depending on whether the gesture meets the contact intensity criteria), similar multi-contact gestures in which the contacts are moving toward each other (e.g., a pinch or a finger grasp gesture) are, optionally, performed on touch screen  112  over a content element (e.g., body text  4206 ) and be detected. For example, if such a gesture, detected over body text  4206 , does not meet the contact intensity criteria, then document  4204  as a whole is zoomed out (and the content elements within document  4204  are reduced in size in unison). If such a gesture, detected over body text  4206 , meets the contact intensity criteria, then body text  4206  is reduced in size relative to the rest of document  4204  and the other content elements in document  4204  (e.g., body text  4206  is displayed as a smaller content block within document  4204  or as a pop-up in which body text  4206  is displayed in smaller font). 
       FIGS. 15A-15C  are flow diagrams illustrating a method  4300  of enlarging content in a document in accordance with some embodiments. The method  4300  is performed at an electronic device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG. 3 , or portable multifunction device  100 ,  FIG. 1A ) with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is a touch screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method  4300  are, optionally, combined and/or the order of some operations is, optionally, changed. 
     As described below, the method  4300  provides an intuitive way to enlarge content in a document. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when enlarging content in a document, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to enlarge content in a document faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     The device displays ( 4302 ), on the display, an electronic document (e.g., word processing document, spreadsheet document, presentation document, webpage, PDF) that includes a first content element and a second content element. For example,  FIGS. 14A-14O  show document  4204  displayed on a display (e.g., display  450 , touch screen  112 ). Document  4204  includes multiple content elements, such as body text  4206 , advertisements  4208 , images  4210 , and hyperlinks  4222 . 
     In some embodiments, the first content element and the second content element are ( 4304 ) content blocks (e.g., images, text blocks, content divs or other units of content such as a news article) of a webpage. For example, a user can expand a particular article on a news website and read the article without the distraction of other content proximate to the article, such as other news articles and advertisements, that are not part of the article. Document  4204 , for example, is, optionally, a webpage, and the content elements (e.g., body text  4206 , advertisements  4208 , images  4210 , and hyperlinks  4222 ) in document  4204  are content blocks. 
     The device detects ( 4306 ) a first gesture that includes movement of two or more contacts relative to each other on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a pinch gesture or a depinch gesture) while a focus selector is at a location corresponding to the first content element. For example,  FIG. 14A  shows, while cursor  4212  is located over body text  4206 , detection of a gesture that includes contacts  4214 - 1  and  4214 - 2  moving away from each other on touch-sensitive surface  451 .  FIG. 14C  shows, while cursor  4212  is located over body text  4206 , detection of a gesture that includes contacts  4218 - 1  and  4218 - 2  moving away from each other on touch-sensitive surface  451 .  FIG. 14L  shows detection of a gesture that includes contacts  4242 - 1  and  4242 - 2  moving away from each other on touch screen  112  over body text  4206 .  FIG. 14L  shows detection of a gesture that includes contacts  4246 - 1  and  4246 - 2  moving away from each other on touch screen  112  over body text  4206 . 
     In some embodiments, the first gesture is ( 4308 ) a depinch gesture that includes movement of a first contact away from a second contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the depinch gesture includes two contacts and one contact moves and the other contact is stationary. In some embodiments, the depinch gesture includes two contacts and both contacts move. In some embodiments, the depinch gesture includes movement of three or more contacts on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a three, four, or five finger pinch/depinch gesture). For example, the gestures that include contacts  4214 ,  4218 ,  4242 , and  4246 , depicted in  FIGS. 14A, 14C, 14L, and 14N , respectively, are depinch gestures in which both contacts in the respective gesture move. However, in some circumstances, a depinch gesture is performed with a first contact moving away from a second stationary contact. 
     In response ( 4310 ) to detecting the first gesture, in accordance with a determination that the two or more contacts meet respective contact intensity criteria, the device enlarges ( 4312 ) the first content element relative to the second content element. For example, in response to detection of the gesture with contacts  4218 , body text  4206  is enlarged relative to the other content elements (e.g., advertisements  4208 ) in document  4204 , as shown in  FIG. 14D or 14E . In response to detection of the gesture with contacts  4246 , body text  4206  is enlarged relative to the other content elements (e.g., advertisements  4208 ) in document  4204 , as shown in  FIG. 14O . 
     In some embodiments, enlarging the first content element relative to the second content element includes ( 4314 ) enlarging the first content element relative to a plurality of content elements in the electronic document (e.g., the first content element is enlarged relative to the remainder of the document). For example,  FIGS. 14D, 14E, and 14O  show body text  4206  enlarged relative to the other content elements of document  4204  (e.g., advertisements  4208 , images  4210 , hyperlinks  4222 ) in response to detection of a respective gesture that meets the content intensity criteria. 
     In some embodiments, enlarging the first content element relative to the second content element includes ( 4316 ) visually deemphasizing the portion of the electronic document other than the first content element, while continuing to display at least a portion of the second content element on the display (e.g., display drop shadow/fade out rest of document). In some embodiments, some or all of the other content elements are maintained at the same size that they were displayed at prior to detecting the first gesture. In some embodiments, one or more of the other content elements are reduced in size in response to detecting the first gesture. For example, in  FIGS. 14E and 14O , body text  4206  is displayed as pop-up  4206 - d  off document  4204 , which remains at the same magnification level as prior to detection of the gesture. Document  4204  is visually deemphasized be being displayed as under pop-up  4206 - d . Additionally, in  FIGS. 14E and 14O , one or more respective portions of document  4204  other than the pop-up are faded out or darkened to deemphasize those respective portions of document  4204 . 
     In some embodiments, the electronic document includes ( 4318 ) a plurality of interactive elements that are distinct from the first content element, and while the first content element is enlarged relative to the second content element, the device disables interactions with the plurality of interactive elements. For example, after “popping” the first content element “off of the page,” interactions with the rest of the electronic document are disabled. In particular, links or other selectable elements of the second content element that are still displayed after the first content element is enlarged are not selectable/activatable while the first content element is enlarged. Additionally, in some implementations, certain application/system-level functions for interacting with content (e.g., cut/copy/paste) are disabled for content other than the first content element. For example, while pop-up  4206 - d  is displayed, interaction with advertisements  4208 , images  4210 , and hyperlinks  4222  are, optionally, disabled (e.g., tapping, “clicking” or otherwise attempting to activate a respective hyperlink does not activate the hyperlink). 
     In response ( 4310 ) to detecting the first gesture, in accordance with a determination that the two or more contacts do not meet the respective contact intensity criteria, the device zooms ( 4320 ) the electronic document so that the first content element and the second content element are both enlarged on the display by a same amount. For example, in response to detection of the depinch gesture with contacts  4214  in  FIG. 14A , document  4204  is zoomed to magnification level  4204 - b , and the content elements in document  4204  are zoomed in by the same amount, as shown in  FIG. 14B . In response to detection of the depinch gesture with contacts  4242  in  FIG. 14L , document  4204  is zoomed to magnification level  4204 - b , and the content elements in document  4204  are zoomed in by the same amount, as shown in  FIG. 14M . 
     In some embodiments, the respective contact intensity criteria include ( 4322 ) one or more of: an average intensity of the contacts, a sum of intensity of the contacts, a maximum intensity of the contacts, a minimum intensity of the contacts, or a difference in intensity between the contacts (e.g., the respective contact intensity criteria are met when one of these measures of contact intensity is above a respective intensity threshold). For example, with respect to the respective gestures that include contacts  4214 ,  4218 ,  4242 , and  4246 , respectively, the contact intensity criteria include a measure of the average intensity of the contacts in the gesture and the contact intensity criteria are not met unless that average intensity exceeds threshold IT D . 
     In some embodiments, after ( 4324 ) enlarging the first content element relative to the second content element, the device detects ( 4326 ) a content navigation input associated with the first content element (e.g., a drag gesture on a trackpad or a drag gesture on a touch-screen display at a location corresponding to the enlarged first content element). In response to detecting the content navigation input, the device moves ( 4328 ) the first content element on the display relative to the rest of the document. For example, after “popping” the first content element “off of the page,” the first content element can be moved (e.g., scrolled or translated) separately from a portion of the electronic document that is still displayed on the display. For example,  FIG. 14F  shows, after body text  4206  is enlarged into pop-up  4206 - d , the device detecting a drag gesture with contact  4224  detected on touch-sensitive surface  451 . In response to detection of the drag gesture, body text  4206  in pop-up  4206 - d  is scrolled, without scrolling the rest of document  4204 , as shown in  FIG. 14G . 
     In some embodiments, after ( 4324 ) enlarging the first content element relative to the second content element, the device detects ( 4330 ) a second gesture on the touch-sensitive surface, where the second gesture corresponds to a focus selector that is outside of the enlarged first content element (e.g., the second gesture is a tap gesture on a touch-screen display outside of a region where the enlarged first content element is displayed or the second gesture is a tap gesture on a touch-sensitive surface while a cursor on the display is outside of a region where the enlarged first content element is displayed). In response to detecting the second gesture, the device shrinks ( 4332 ) the first content element relative to a second content element (e.g., exiting the first content element display mode and returning to a normal display mode for the electronic document). For example, in  FIG. 14H , after body text  4206  is enlarged into pop-up  4206 - d  and while cursor  4212  is located away from pop-up  4206 - d , a press input (e.g., an increase in intensity of contact  4228  from an intensity below IT L  in  FIG. 14H  to an intensity above IT L  in  FIG. 14I ) is detected on touch-sensitive surface  451 . In response to detection of the gesture, pop-up  4206 - d  ceases to be displayed, and body text  4206  is reduced back to original size  4206 - a  and displayed within document  4204 , as shown in  FIG. 14I . 
     In some embodiments, after ( 4324 ) enlarging the first content element relative to the second content element, the device detects ( 4334 ) a second gesture on the touch-sensitive surface, where the second gesture corresponds to a pinch gesture detected while a focus selector is on the enlarged first content element (e.g., the second gesture is a two-finger pinch gesture on a touch-screen display within a region where the enlarged first content element is displayed or the second gesture is a two-finger pinch gesture on a touch-sensitive surface while a cursor on the display is within a region where the enlarged first content element is displayed). In response to detecting the second gesture, the device shrinks ( 4336 ) the first content element relative to a second content element (e.g., exiting the first content element display mode and returning to a normal display mode for the electronic document). For example, in  FIG. 14J , after body text  4206  is enlarged into pop-up  4206 - d  and while cursor  4212  is located over pop-up  4206 - d , a pinch gesture that includes movement of contacts  4230 - 1  and  4230 - 2  toward each other is detected on touch-sensitive surface  451 . In response to detection of the gesture in  FIG. 14J , pop-up  4206 - d  ceases to be displayed, and body text  4206  is reduced back to original size  4206 - a  and displayed within document  4204 , as shown in  FIG. 14K . 
     It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in  FIGS. 15A-15C  have been described is merely exemplary and is not intended to indicate that the described order is the only order in which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to reorder the operations described herein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processes described herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g., those listed in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments) are also applicable in an analogous manner to method  4300  described above with respect to  FIGS. 15A-15C . For example, the contacts, gestures, content elements, intensity thresholds, and focus selectors described above with reference to method  4300  optionally have one or more of the characteristics of the contacts, gestures, content elements, intensity thresholds, and focus selectors described herein with reference to other methods described herein (e.g., those listed in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments). For brevity, these details are not repeated here. 
     In accordance with some embodiments,  FIG. 16  shows a functional block diagram of an electronic device  4400  configured in accordance with the principles of the various described embodiments. The functional blocks of the device are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of the various described embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill in the art that the functional blocks described in  FIG. 16  are, optionally, combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of the various described embodiments. Therefore, the description herein optionally supports any possible combination or separation or further definition of the functional blocks described herein. 
     As shown in  FIG. 16 , an electronic device  4400  includes a display unit  4402  configured to display an electronic document that includes a first content element and a second content element; a touch-sensitive surface unit  4404  configured to receive gestures that include contacts; one or more sensors  4406  configured to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit  4404 ; and a processing unit  4408  coupled to the display unit  4402 , the touch-sensitive surface unit  4404 , and the sensors  4406 . In some embodiments, the processing unit  4408  includes a detecting unit  4410 , an enlarging unit  4412 , a zooming unit  4414 , a moving unit  4416 , a disabling unit  4418 , and a shrinking unit  4420 . 
     The processing unit  4408  is configured to: detect a first gesture that includes movement of two or more contacts relative to each other on the touch-sensitive surface unit  4404  while a focus selector is at a location corresponding to the first content element (e.g., with the detecting unit  4410 ); and in response to detecting the first gesture: in accordance with a determination that the two or more contacts meet respective contact intensity criteria, enlarge the first content element relative to the second content element (e.g., with the enlarging unit  4412 ), and in accordance with a determination that the two or more contacts do not meet the respective contact intensity criteria, zoom the electronic document so that the first content element and the second content element are both enlarged on the display unit  4402  by a same amount (e.g., with the zooming unit  4414 ). 
     In some embodiments, the first gesture is a depinch gesture that includes movement of a first contact away from a second contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit  4404 . 
     In some embodiments, the first content element and the second content element are content blocks of a webpage. 
     In some embodiments, enlarging the first content element relative to the second content element includes enlarging the first content element relative to a plurality of content elements in the electronic document. 
     In some embodiments, enlarging the first content element relative to the second content element includes visually deemphasizing the portion of the electronic document other than the first content element, while continuing to display at least a portion of the second content element on the display unit  4402 . 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  4408  is configured to, after enlarging the first content element relative to the second content element: detect a content navigation input associated with the first content element (e.g., with the detecting unit  4410 ); and in response to detecting the content navigation input, move the first content element on the display unit  4402  relative to the rest of the document (e.g., with the moving unit  4416 ). 
     In some embodiments, the electronic document includes a plurality of interactive elements that are distinct from the first content element; and the processing unit  4408  is configured to, while the first content element is enlarged relative to the second content element, disable interactions with the plurality of interactive elements (e.g., with the disabling unit  4418 ). 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  4408  is configured to, after enlarging the first content element relative to the second content element: detect a second gesture on the touch-sensitive surface unit  4404 , wherein the second gesture corresponds to a focus selector that is outside of the enlarged first content element (e.g., with the detecting unit  4410 ); and in response to detecting the second gesture, shrink the first content element relative to a second content element (e.g., with the shrinking unit  4420 ). 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  4408  is configured to, after enlarging the first content element relative to the second content element: detect a second gesture on the touch-sensitive surface unit  4404 , wherein the second gesture corresponds to a pinch gesture detected while a focus selector is on the enlarged first content element (e.g., with the detecting unit  4410 ); and in response to detecting the second gesture, shrink the first content element relative to a second content element (e.g., with the shrinking unit  4420 ). 
     In some embodiments, the respective contact intensity criteria include one or more of: an average intensity of the contacts, a sum of intensity of the contacts, a maximum intensity of the contacts, a minimum intensity of the contacts, or a difference in intensity between the contacts. 
     The operations in the information processing methods described above are, optionally implemented by running one or more functional modules in information processing apparatus such as general purpose processors (e.g., as described above with respect to  FIGS. 1A and 3 ) or application specific chips. 
     The operations described above with reference to  FIGS. 15A-15C  are, optionally, implemented by components depicted in  FIGS. 1A-1B  or  FIG. 16 . For example, detection operation  4306 , enlarging operation  4312 , and zooming operation  4320  are, optionally, implemented by event sorter  170 , event recognizer  180 , and event handler  190 . Event monitor  171  in event sorter  170  detects a contact on touch-sensitive display  112 , and event dispatcher module  174  delivers the event information to application  136 - 1 . A respective event recognizer  180  of application  136 - 1  compares the event information to respective event definitions  186 , and determines whether a first contact at a first location on the touch-sensitive surface (or whether rotation of the device) corresponds to a predefined event or sub-event, such as selection of an object on a user interface, or rotation of the device from one orientation to another. When a respective predefined event or sub-event is detected, event recognizer  180  activates an event handler  190  associated with the detection of the event or sub-event. Event handler  190  optionally utilizes or calls data updater  176  or object updater  177  to update the application internal state  192 . In some embodiments, event handler  190  accesses a respective GUI updater  178  to update what is displayed by the application. Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in the art how other processes can be implemented based on the components depicted in  FIGS. 1A-1B . 
     It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations have been described above is merely exemplary and is not intended to indicate that the described order is the only order in which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to reorder the operations described herein. Additionally, it should be noted that the various processes separately described herein (e.g., those listed in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments) can be combined with each other in different arrangements. For example, the contacts, user interface objects, tactile sensations, intensity thresholds, and/or focus selectors described above with reference to any one of the various processes separately described herein (e.g., those listed in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiment) optionally have one or more of the characteristics of the contacts, gestures, user interface objects, tactile sensations, intensity thresholds, and focus selectors described herein with reference to one or more of the other methods described herein (e.g., those listed in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments). For brevity, all of the various possible combinations are not specifically enumerated here, but it should be understood that the claims described above may be combined in any way that is not precluded by mutually exclusive claim features. 
     The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the various described embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the various described embodiments and their practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the various described embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20141107
Publication Date: 20181113
Grant Date: 20181113
Priority Date: 20120509
Inventors: ZAMBETTI, NICHOLAS
MISSIG, JULIAN
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G06F3/0485", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0412", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0488", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0488", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0485", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0412", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 48468815