PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-9436374-B2
Application Number: US-201414149727-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Device, method, and graphical user interface for scrolling a multi-section document

Abstract:
A method for scrolling a multi-section document is disclosed, including displaying on a display an electronic document that includes a plurality of document sections separated by respective logical structure boundaries; detecting a gesture on a touch-sensitive surface, the gesture having an initial velocity that exceeds a predefined speed threshold such that the gesture will scroll the electronic document more than one document section; initiating scrolling of the electronic document on the display at the initial velocity in accordance with an initial scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function; while scrolling the electronic document, adjusting the scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function so that when the scrolling speed becomes zero, a first logical structure boundary in the electronic document is displayed at a predefined location on the display; and, scrolling the electronic document in accordance with the adjusted scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored therein instructions, which when executed by a multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface, cause the device to:
 display on the display an electronic document that includes a plurality of document sections separated by respective logical structure boundaries; 
 detect a gesture on the touch-sensitive surface, wherein an initial contact of the gesture is at a location that corresponds to a first location in the electronic document, the gesture having gesture parameters that include an initial velocity; 
 when the initial velocity of the gesture exceeds a predefined speed threshold such that the gesture will scroll the electronic document more than one document section:
 initiate scrolling of the electronic document on the display at the initial velocity in accordance with an initial scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function; 
 while scrolling the electronic document on the display, adjust the scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function so that when the scrolling speed becomes zero, a first logical structure boundary in the electronic document is displayed at a predefined location on the display; and 
 scroll the electronic document in accordance with the adjusted scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function. 
 
 
     
     
       2. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 1 , wherein adjusting the scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function occurs within a predefined time after detecting liftoff of the gesture from the touch-sensitive surface. 
     
     
       3. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 1 , wherein adjusting the scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function is performed substantially at the time of detecting liftoff of the gesture from the touch-sensitive surface. 
     
     
       4. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 1 , wherein the predefined location on the display of the first logical structure boundary when the scrolling speed becomes zero is selected from the group consisting of the top of the display and the bottom of the display. 
     
     
       5. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 1 , wherein an entire document section is displayed on the display, and the first logical structure boundary is displayed at a location selected from the group consisting of the top of the display and the bottom of the display. 
     
     
       6. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 1 , including instructions which cause the multifunction device to use one or more of a gesture acceleration value, the initial velocity, and a gesture distance, to calculate the adjusted scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function. 
     
     
       7. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 1 , including instructions which cause the multifunction device to scroll the electronic document in accordance with the initial scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function when the initial velocity of the gesture is below the predefined speed threshold. 
     
     
       8. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 1 , including instructions which cause the multifunction device to forego adjusting the scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function when the electronic document is displayed at a magnification level greater than a predefined magnification level. 
     
     
       9. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 1 , including instructions which cause the multifunction device to:
 while scrolling the electronic document on the display:
 detect a touch gesture on the touch sensitive surface at a location corresponding to a location in the electronic document; 
 determine that the location of the touch gesture corresponds to an executable icon within the electronic document; and 
 execute a function associated with the executable icon. 
 
 
     
     
       10. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 9 , including instructions which cause the multifunction device to terminate the scrolling of the electronic document on the display in response to detecting the touch gesture on the touch sensitive surface at the location corresponding to the executable icon in the electronic document. 
     
     
       11. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 1 , wherein respective document sections correspond to respective pages within the electronic document. 
     
     
       12. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 1 , wherein respective logical structure boundaries correspond to respective page boundaries within the electronic document. 
     
     
       13. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 1 , wherein the logical structure boundaries are row and/or column boundaries within the electronic document. 
     
     
       14. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 1 , wherein the instructions which cause the multifunction device to adjust the adjusted scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function include instructions which cause the multifunction device to:
 determine a point in the electronic document that corresponds to a total distance to be scrolled from the first location in the electronic document in accordance with the initial scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function; 
 identify a document section in the plurality of document sections that contains the point in the electronic document; 
 identify a logical structure boundary associated with the determined point; and adjust the scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function so the scrolling of the electronic document will end when the identified logical structure boundary is displayed at an extremum of the display. 
 
     
     
       15. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 1 , wherein the gesture is a swipe gesture. 
     
     
       16. A multifunction device,
 comprising: a display; 
 a touch-sensitive surface; one or 
 more processors; memory; and 
 one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for: 
 displaying on the display an electronic document that includes a plurality of document sections separated by respective logical structure boundaries; 
 detecting a gesture on the touch-sensitive surface, wherein an initial contact of the gesture is at a location that corresponds to a first location in the electronic document, the gesture having gesture parameters that include an initial velocity; 
 when the initial velocity of the gesture exceeds a predefined speed threshold such that the gesture will scroll the electronic document more than one document section:
 initiating scrolling of the electronic document on the display at the initial velocity in accordance with an initial scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function; 
 while scrolling the electronic document on the display, determining a total scrolling distance based on the initial velocity, wherein the total scrolling distance is adjusted to correspond to a first logical structure boundary in the electronic document; and, 
 scrolling the electronic document for the total scrolling distance. 
 
 
     
     
       17. The device of  claim 16 , wherein adjustment of the total scrolling distance is performed substantially at the time of detecting liftoff of the gesture from the touch-sensitive surface. 
     
     
       18. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored therein instructions, which when executed by a multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface, cause the device to:
 display on the display an electronic document that includes a plurality of document sections separated by respective logical structure boundaries; 
 detect a gesture on the touch-sensitive surface, wherein an initial contact of the gesture is at a location that corresponds to a first location in the electronic document, the gesture having gesture parameters that include an initial velocity; 
 when the initial velocity of the gesture exceeds a predefined speed threshold such that the gesture will scroll the electronic document more than one document section:
 initiate scrolling of the electronic document on the display at the initial velocity in accordance with an initial scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function; 
 while scrolling the electronic document on the display, determine a total scrolling distance based on the initial velocity, wherein the total scrolling distance is adjusted to correspond to a first logical structure boundary in the electronic document; and, 
 scroll the electronic document for the total scrolling distance. 
 
 
     
     
       19. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 18 , wherein adjustment of the total scrolling distance is performed substantially at the time of detecting liftoff of the gesture from the touch-sensitive surface. 
     
     
       20. A multifunction device,
 comprising: a display; 
 a touch-sensitive surface; one or 
 more processors; memory; and 
 one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for: 
 displaying an electronic document that includes a plurality of document sections separated by respective logical structure boundaries; 
 detecting a gesture on the touch-sensitive surface, the detected gesture corresponding to a scroll of the electronic document having a scrolling distance that is more than one document section; 
 in response to detecting the gesture:
 initiating scrolling of the electronic document on the display; 
 while scrolling the electronic document on the display, adjusting the scrolling distance so that when the scrolling stops, a first logical structure boundary in the electronic document will be at a predefined location on the display; and, 
 scrolling the electronic document in accordance with the adjusted scrolling distance. 
 
 
     
     
       21. The device of  claim 20 , wherein adjustment of the scrolling distance is performed substantially at the time of detecting liftoff of the gesture from the touch-sensitive surface. 
     
     
       22. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored therein instructions, which when executed by a multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface, cause the device to:
 display an electronic document that includes a plurality of document sections separated by respective logical structure boundaries; 
 detect a gesture on the touch-sensitive surface, the detected gesture corresponding to a scroll of the electronic document having a scrolling distance that is more than one document section; 
 in response to detecting the gesture:
 initiate scrolling of the electronic document on the display; 
 while scrolling the electronic document on the display, adjust the scrolling distance so that when the scrolling stops, a first logical structure boundary in the electronic document will be at a predefined location on the display; and, 
 scroll the electronic document in accordance with the adjusted scrolling distance. 
 
 
     
     
       23. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 22 , wherein adjustment of the scrolling distance is performed substantially at the time of detecting liftoff of the gesture from the touch-sensitive surface.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/567,717, filed Sep. 25, 2009, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The disclosed embodiments relate generally to electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces, and more particularly, to methods and electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces for scrolling multi-section electronic documents in accordance with heuristics for improved electronic document display. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The use of touch-sensitive surfaces as input devices for computers and other electronic computing devices has increased significantly in recent years. Exemplary touch-sensitive surfaces include touch pads and touch screen displays. Such surfaces are widely used to manipulate user interface objects on a display. 
     Many users rely on electronic computing devices with touch-sensitive surfaces and displays for viewing and manipulating multi-section electronic documents. In these circumstances, users may navigate through an electronic document on the display with gestures on the device&#39;s touch-sensitive surface or touch screen. Unfortunately, existing methods for scrolling multi-section documents are cumbersome and inefficient, and often do not result in the display of electronic documents according to a user&#39;s desires. In addition, existing methods of scrolling through documents take longer than necessary, thereby wasting energy. This latter consideration is particularly important in battery-operated devices. 
     Accordingly, there is a need for computing devices with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for scrolling multi-section documents in accordance with heuristics that improve electronic document display. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for scrolling multi-section documents. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated computing devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges. 
     SUMMARY 
     The above deficiencies and other problems associated with user interfaces for computing devices with touch-sensitive surfaces are reduced or eliminated by the disclosed devices. In some embodiments, the device is a desktop computer. In some embodiments, the device is portable (e.g., a notebook computer, tablet computer, or handheld device). In some embodiments, the device has a touchpad. In some embodiments, the device has a touch-sensitive display (also known as a “touch screen” or “touch screen display”). In some embodiments, the device has a graphical user interface (GUI), one or more processors, memory and one or more modules, programs or sets of instructions stored in the memory for performing multiple functions. In some embodiments, the user interacts with the GUI primarily through finger contacts and gestures on the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the functions may include image editing, drawing, presenting, word processing, website creating, disk authoring, spreadsheet making, game playing, telephoning, video conferencing, e-mailing, instant messaging, workout support, digital photographing, digital videoing, web browsing, digital music playing, and/or digital video playing. Executable instructions for performing these functions may be included in a computer readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at a multifunction device with a display, and a touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: displaying on the display an electronic document that includes a plurality of document sections separated by respective logical structure boundaries; detecting a gesture on the touch-sensitive surface, wherein an initial contact of the gesture is at a location that corresponds to a first location in the electronic document, the gesture having gesture parameters that include an initial velocity; and when the initial velocity of the gesture exceeds a predefined speed threshold such that the gesture will scroll the electronic document more than one document section: initiating scrolling of the electronic document on the display at the initial velocity in accordance with an initial scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function; while scrolling the electronic document on the display, adjusting the scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function so that when the scrolling speed becomes zero, a first logical structure boundary in the electronic document is displayed at a predefined location on the display; and, scrolling the electronic document in accordance with the adjusted scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a multifunction device includes a display, a touch-sensitive surface, one or more processors, memory, and one or more programs. The one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors. The one or more programs include instructions for: displaying on the display an electronic document that includes a plurality of document sections separated by respective logical structure boundaries; detecting a gesture on the touch-sensitive surface, wherein an initial contact of the gesture is at a location that corresponds to a first location in the electronic document, the gesture having gesture parameters that include an initial velocity; and when the initial velocity of the gesture exceeds a predefined speed threshold such that the gesture will scroll the electronic document more than one document section: initiating scrolling of the electronic document on the display at the initial velocity in accordance with an initial scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function; while scrolling the electronic document on the display, adjusting the scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function so that when the scrolling speed becomes zero, a first logical structure boundary in the electronic document is displayed at a predefined location on the display; and, scrolling the electronic document m accordance with the adjusted scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computer readable storage medium has stored therein instructions which when executed by a multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface, cause the device to: display on the display an electronic document that includes a plurality of document sections separated by respective logical structure boundaries; detect a gesture on the touch-sensitive surface, wherein an initial contact of the gesture is at a location that corresponds to a first location in the electronic document, the gesture having gesture parameters that include an initial velocity; when the initial velocity of the gesture exceeds a predefined speed threshold such that the gesture will scroll the electronic document more than one document section: initiate scrolling of the electronic document on the display at the initial velocity in accordance with an initial scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function; while scrolling the electronic document on the display, adjust the scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function so that when the scrolling speed becomes zero, a first logical structure boundary in the electronic document is displayed at a predefined location on the display; and, scroll the electronic document in accordance with the adjusted scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface is displayed on a multifunction device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, a memory, and one or more processors to execute one or more programs stored in the memory. The graphical user interface includes an electronic document displayed on the display, which includes a plurality of document sections separated by respective logical structure boundaries, wherein: a gesture is detected on the touch-sensitive surface, wherein an initial contact of the gesture is at a location that corresponds to a first location in the electronic document, the gesture having gesture parameters that include an initial velocity; when the initial velocity of the gesture exceeds a predefined speed threshold such that the gesture will scroll the electronic document more than one document section: scrolling of the electronic document is initiated on the display at the initial velocity in accordance with an initial scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function; while scrolling the electronic document on the display, the scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function is adjusted so that when the scrolling speed becomes zero, a first logical structure boundary in the electronic document is displayed at a predefined location on the display; and, the electronic document is scrolled in accordance with the adjusted scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a multifunction device includes: a display; a touch-sensitive surface; and means for displaying on the display an electronic document that includes a plurality of document sections separated by respective logical structure boundaries; means for detecting a gesture on the touch-sensitive surface, wherein an initial contact of the gesture is at a location that corresponds to a first location in the electronic document, the gesture having gesture parameters that include an initial velocity; when the initial velocity of the gesture exceeds a predefined speed threshold such that the gesture will scroll the electronic document more than one document section: means for initiating scrolling of the electronic document on the display at the initial velocity in accordance with an initial scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function; while scrolling the electronic document on the display, means for adjusting the scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function so that when the scrolling speed becomes zero, a first logical structure boundary in the electronic document is displayed at a predefined location on the display; and, means for scrolling the electronic document in accordance with the adjusted scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an information processing apparatus for use in a multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface includes: means for displaying on the display an electronic document that includes a plurality of document sections separated by respective logical structure boundaries; means for detecting a gesture on the touch-sensitive surface, wherein an initial contact of the gesture is at a location that corresponds to a first location in the electronic document, the gesture having gesture parameters that include an initial velocity; when the initial velocity of the gesture exceeds a predefined speed threshold such that the gesture will scroll the electronic document more than one document section: means for initiating scrolling of the electronic document on the display at the initial velocity in accordance with an initial scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function; while scrolling the electronic document on the display, means for adjusting the scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function so that when the scrolling speed becomes zero, a first logical structure boundary in the electronic document is displayed at a predefined location on the display; and, means for scrolling the electronic document in accordance with the adjusted scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at a multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: displaying on the display an electronic document that includes a plurality of document sections separated by respective logical structure boundaries; detecting a gesture on the touch-sensitive surface, wherein an initial contact of the gesture is at a location that corresponds to a first location in the electronic document, the gesture having gesture parameters that include an initial velocity; when the initial velocity of the gesture exceeds a predefined speed threshold such that the gesture will scroll the electronic document more than one document section: initiating scrolling of the electronic document on the display at the initial velocity in accordance with an initial scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function; while scrolling the electronic document on the display, determining a total scrolling distance based on the initial velocity, wherein the total scrolling distance is adjusted to correspond to a first logical structure boundary in the electronic document; and, scrolling the electronic document for the total scrolling distance. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a multifunction device includes a display, a touch-sensitive surface, one or more processors, memory, and one or more programs. The one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors. The one or more programs include instructions for: displaying on the display an electronic document that includes a plurality of document sections separated by respective logical structure boundaries; detecting a gesture on the touch-sensitive surface, wherein an initial contact of the gesture is at a location that corresponds to a first location in the electronic document, the gesture having gesture parameters that include an initial velocity; when the initial velocity of the gesture exceeds a predefined speed threshold such that the gesture will scroll the electronic document more than one document section: initiating scrolling of the electronic document on the display at the initial velocity in accordance with an initial scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function; while scrolling the electronic document on the display, determining a total scrolling distance based on the initial velocity, wherein the total scrolling distance is adjusted to correspond to a first logical structure boundary in the electronic document; and, scrolling the electronic document for the total scrolling distance. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computer readable storage medium has stored therein instructions which when executed by a multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface, cause the device to: display on the display an electronic document that includes a plurality of document sections separated by respective logical structure boundaries; detect a gesture on the touch-sensitive surface, wherein an initial contact of the gesture is at a location that corresponds to a first location in the electronic document, the gesture having gesture parameters that include an initial velocity; when the initial velocity of the gesture exceeds a predefined speed threshold such that the gesture will scroll the electronic document more than one document section: initiate scrolling of the electronic document on the display at the initial velocity in accordance with an initial scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function; while scrolling the electronic document on the display, determine a total scrolling distance based on the initial velocity, wherein the total scrolling distance is adjusted to correspond to a first logical structure boundary in the electronic document; and, scroll the electronic document for the total scrolling distance. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface is displayed on a multifunction device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, a memory, and one or more processors to execute one or more programs stored in the memory. The graphical user interface includes an electronic document displayed on the display, which includes a plurality of document sections separated by respective logical structure boundaries, wherein: a gesture is detected on the touch-sensitive surface, wherein an initial contact of the gesture is at a location that corresponds to a first location in the electronic document, the gesture having gesture parameters that include an initial velocity; when the initial velocity of the gesture exceeds a predefined speed threshold such that the gesture will scroll the electronic document more than one document section: scrolling of the electronic document on the display is initiated at the initial velocity in accordance with an initial scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function; while scrolling the electronic document on the display, a total scrolling distance based on the initial velocity is determined, wherein the total scrolling distance is adjusted to correspond to a first logical structure boundary in the electronic document; and, the electronic document is scrolled for the total scrolling distance. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a multifunction device includes: a display; a touch-sensitive surface; means for displaying on the display an electronic document that includes a plurality of document sections separated by respective logical structure boundaries; means for detecting a gesture on the touch-sensitive surface, wherein an initial contact of the gesture is at a location that corresponds to a first location in the electronic document, the gesture having gesture parameters that include an initial velocity; when the initial velocity of the gesture exceeds a predefined speed threshold such that the gesture will scroll the electronic document more than one document section: means for initiating scrolling of the electronic document on the display at the initial velocity in accordance with an initial scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function; while scrolling the electronic document on the display, means for determining a total scrolling distance based on the initial velocity, wherein the total scrolling distance is adjusted to correspond to a first logical structure boundary in the electronic document; and, means for scrolling the electronic document for the total scrolling distance. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an information processing apparatus for use in a multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface includes: means for displaying on the display an electronic document that includes a plurality of document sections separated by respective logical structure boundaries; means for detecting a gesture on the touch-sensitive surface, wherein an initial contact of the gesture is at a location that corresponds to a first location in the electronic document, the gesture having gesture parameters that include an initial velocity; when the initial velocity of the gesture exceeds a predefined speed threshold such that the gesture will scroll the electronic document more than one document section: means for initiating scrolling of the electronic document on the display at the initial velocity in accordance with an initial scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function; while scrolling the electronic document on the display, means for determining a total scrolling distance based on the initial velocity, wherein the total scrolling distance is adjusted to correspond to a first logical structure boundary in the electronic document; and, means for scrolling the electronic document for the total scrolling distance. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at a multifunction device with a display, and a touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: displaying an electronic document that includes a plurality of document sections separated by respective logical structure boundaries; detecting a gesture on the touch-sensitive surface, the detected gesture corresponding to a scroll of the electronic document having a scrolling distance that is more than one document section; in response to detecting the gesture: initiating scrolling of the electronic document on the display; while scrolling the electronic document on the display, adjusting the scrolling distance so that when the scrolling stops, a first logical structure boundary in the electronic document will be at a predefined location on the display; and, scrolling the electronic document in accordance with the adjusted scrolling distance. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a multifunction device includes a display, a touch-sensitive surface, one or more processors, memory, and one or more programs. The one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors. The one or more programs include instructions for: displaying an electronic document that includes a plurality of document sections separated by respective logical structure boundaries; detecting a gesture on the touch-sensitive surface, the detected gesture corresponding to a scroll of the electronic document having a scrolling distance that is more than one document section; in response to detecting the gesture: initiating scrolling of the electronic document on the display; while scrolling the electronic document on the display, adjusting the scrolling distance so that when the scrolling stops, a first logical structure boundary in the electronic document will be at a predefined location on the display; and, scrolling the electronic document in accordance with the adjusted scrolling distance. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computer readable storage medium has stored therein instructions which when executed by a multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface, cause the device to: display an electronic document that includes a plurality of document sections separated by respective logical structure boundaries; detect a gesture on the touch-sensitive surface, the detected gesture corresponding to a scroll of the electronic document having a scrolling distance that is more than one document section; in response to detecting the gesture: initiate scrolling of the electronic document on the display; while scrolling the electronic document on the display, adjust the scrolling distance so that when the scrolling stops, a first logical structure boundary in the electronic document will be at a predefined location on the display; and, scroll the electronic document in accordance with the adjusted scrolling distance. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface is displayed on a multifunction device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, a memory, and one or more processors to execute one or more programs stored in the memory. The graphical user interface includes an electronic document displayed on the display, which includes a plurality of document sections separated by respective logical structure boundaries, wherein: an electronic document is displayed that includes a plurality of document sections separated by respective logical structure boundaries; a gesture is detected on the touch-sensitive surface, the detected gesture corresponding to a scroll of the electronic document having a scrolling distance that is more than one document section; in response to detecting the gesture: scrolling of the electronic document is initiated on the display; while scrolling the electronic document on the display, the scrolling distance is adjusted so that when the scrolling stops, a first logical structure boundary in the electronic document will be at a predefined location on the display; and, the electronic document is scrolled in accordance with the adjusted scrolling distance. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a multifunction device includes: a display; a touch-sensitive surface; and means for displaying on the display an electronic document that includes a plurality of document sections separated by respective logical structure boundaries; means for displaying an electronic document that includes a plurality of document sections separated by respective logical structure boundaries; means for detecting a gesture on the touch-sensitive surface, the detected gesture corresponding to a scroll of the electronic document having a scrolling distance that is more than one document section; in response to detecting the gesture: means for initiating scrolling of the electronic document on the display; while scrolling the electronic document on the display, means for adjusting the scrolling distance so that when the scrolling stops, a first logical structure boundary in the electronic document will be at a predefined location on the display; and, means for scrolling the electronic document in accordance with the adjusted scrolling distance. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an information processing apparatus for use in a multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface includes: means for displaying on the display an electronic document that includes a plurality of document sections separated by respective logical structure boundaries; means for displaying an electronic document that includes a plurality of document sections separated by respective logical structure boundaries; means for detecting a gesture on the touch-sensitive surface, the detected gesture corresponding to a scroll of the electronic document having a scrolling distance that is more than one document section; in response to detecting the gesture: means for initiating scrolling of the electronic document on the display; while scrolling the electronic document on the display, means for adjusting the scrolling distance so that when the scrolling stops, a first logical structure boundary in the electronic document will be at a predefined location on the display; and, means for scrolling the electronic document in accordance with the adjusted scrolling distance. 
     Thus, multifunction devices with displays and touch-sensitive surfaces are provided with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for scrolling multi-section documents in accordance with heuristics that improve electronic document display, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for scrolling multi-section documents. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a better understanding of the aforementioned embodiments of the invention as well as additional embodiments thereof, reference should be made to the Description of Embodiments below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures. 
         FIGS. 1A and 1B  are block diagrams illustrating portable multifunction devices with touch-sensitive displays in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a portable multifunction device having a touch screen in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 4A and 4B  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for a menu of applications on a portable multifunction device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 4C  illustrates an exemplary user interface for a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 5A-5O  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for scrolling multi-section documents in accordance with heuristics for improved electronic document display in accordance with some embodiments. 
       FIGS.  5 A 1 - 5 A 3  illustrate an exemplary portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 A 1 ), an exemplary representation of an electronic document displayed on the portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 A 2 ), and an exemplary scrolling speed versus scrolling distance chart for gestures depicted on the portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 A 3 ) in accordance with some embodiments. 
       FIGS.  5 B 1 - 5 B 3  illustrate an exemplary portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 B 1 ), an exemplary representation of an electronic document displayed on the portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 B 2 ), and an exemplary scrolling speed versus scrolling distance chart for gestures depicted on the portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 B 3 ) in accordance with some embodiments. 
       FIGS.  5 C 1 - 5 C 3  illustrate an exemplary portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 C 1 ), an exemplary representation of an electronic document displayed on the portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 C 2 ), and an exemplary scrolling speed versus scrolling distance chart for gestures depicted on the portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 C 3 ) in accordance with some embodiments. 
       FIGS.  5 D 1 - 5 D 3  illustrate an exemplary portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 D 1 ), an exemplary representation of an electronic document displayed on the portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 D 2 ), and an exemplary scrolling speed versus scrolling distance chart for gestures depicted on the portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 D 3 ) in accordance with some embodiments. 
       FIGS.  5 E 1 - 5 E 3  illustrate an exemplary portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 E 1 ), an exemplary representation of an electronic document displayed on the portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 E 2 ), and an exemplary scrolling speed versus scrolling distance chart for gestures depicted on the portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 E 3 ) in accordance with some embodiments. 
       FIGS.  5 F 1 - 5 F 3  illustrate an exemplary portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 F 1 ), an exemplary representation of an electronic document displayed on the portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 F 2 ), and an exemplary scrolling speed versus scrolling distance chart for gestures depicted on the portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 F 3 ) in accordance with some embodiments. 
       FIGS.  5 G 1 - 5 G 3  illustrate an exemplary portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 G 1 ), an exemplary representation of an electronic document displayed on the portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 G 2 ), and an exemplary scrolling speed versus scrolling distance chart for gestures depicted on the portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 G 3 ) in accordance with some embodiments. 
       FIGS.  5 H 1 - 5 H 3  illustrate an exemplary portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 H 1 ), an exemplary representation of an electronic document displayed on the portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 H 2 ), and an exemplary scrolling speed versus scrolling distance chart for gestures depicted on the portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 H 3 ) in accordance with some embodiments. 
       FIGS.  5 I 1 - 5 I 3  illustrate an exemplary portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 I 1 ), an exemplary representation of an electronic document displayed on the portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 I 2 ), and an exemplary scrolling speed versus scrolling distance chart for gestures depicted on the portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 I 3 ) in accordance with some embodiments. 
       FIGS.  5 J 1 - 5 J 3  illustrate an exemplary portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 J 1 ), an exemplary representation of an electronic document displayed on the portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 J 2 ), and an exemplary scrolling speed versus scrolling distance chart for gestures depicted on the portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 J 3 ) in accordance with some embodiments. 
       FIGS.  5 K 1 - 5 K 3  illustrate an exemplary portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 K 1 ), an exemplary representation of an electronic document displayed on the portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 K 2 ), and an exemplary scrolling speed versus scrolling distance chart for gestures depicted on the portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 K 3 ) in accordance with some embodiments. 
       FIGS.  5 L 1 - 5 L 3  illustrate an exemplary portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 L 1 ), an exemplary representation of an electronic document displayed on the portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 L 2 ), and an exemplary scrolling speed versus scrolling distance chart for gestures depicted on the portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 L 3 ) in accordance with some embodiments. 
       FIGS.  5 M 1 - 5 M 3  illustrate an exemplary portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 M 1 ), an exemplary representation of an electronic document displayed on the portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 M 2 ), and an exemplary scrolling speed versus scrolling distance chart for gestures depicted on the portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 M 3 ) in accordance with some embodiments. 
       FIGS.  5 N 1 - 5 N 3  illustrate an exemplary portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 N 1 ), an exemplary representation of an electronic document displayed on the portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 N 2 ), and an exemplary scrolling speed versus scrolling distance chart for gestures depicted on the portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 N 3 ) in accordance with some embodiments. 
       FIGS.  5 O 1 - 5 O 3  illustrate an exemplary portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 O 1 ), an exemplary representation of an electronic document displayed on the portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 O 2 ), and an exemplary scrolling speed versus scrolling distance chart for gestures depicted on the portable multifunction device (FIG.  5 O 3 ) in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 6A-6C  are flow diagrams illustrating a method of scrolling multi-section documents in accordance with heuristics for improved electronic document display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 6D  is a flow diagram illustrating a method of scrolling multi-section documents in accordance with heuristics for improved electronic document display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 6E  is a flow diagram illustrating a method of scrolling multi-section documents in accordance with heuristics for improved electronic document display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 7A-7B  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for displaying multi-section documents in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments. 
     It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first contact could be termed a second contact, and, similarly, a second contact could be termed a first contact, without departing from the scope of the present invention. The first contact and the second contact are both contacts, but they are not the same contact. 
     The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in the description of the invention and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     As used herein, the term “if” may be construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” may be construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event],” depending on the context. 
     Embodiments of computing devices, user interfaces for such devices, and associated processes for using such devices are described. In some embodiments, the computing device is a portable communications device such as a mobile telephone that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/or music player functions. Exemplary embodiments of portable multifunction devices include, without limitation, the iPhone® and iPod Touch® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. Other portable devices such as laptops or tablet computers with touch-sensitive surfaces (e.g., touch screen displays and/or touch pads) may also be used. It should also be understood that, in some embodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but is a desktop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch screen display and/or a touch pad). 
     In the discussion that follows, a computing device that includes a display and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should be understood, however, that the computing device may include one or more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physical keyboard, a mouse and/or a joystick. 
     The device supports a variety of applications, such as one or more of the following: a drawing application, a presentation application, a word processing application, a website creation application, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheet application, a gaming application, a telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, a workout support application, a photo management application, a digital camera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing application, a digital music player application, and/or a digital video player application. 
     The various applications that may be executed on the device may use at least one common physical user-interface device, such as the touch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitive surface as well as corresponding information displayed on the device may be adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physical architecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the device may support the variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and transparent. 
     The user interfaces may include one or more soft keyboard embodiments. The soft keyboard embodiments may include standard (QWERTY) and/or non-standard configurations of symbols on the displayed icons of the keyboard, such as those described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/459,606, “Keyboards For Portable Electronic Devices,” filed Jul. 24, 2006, and Ser. No. 11/459,615, “Touch Screen Keyboards For Portable Electronic Devices,” filed Jul. 24, 2006, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. The keyboard embodiments may include a reduced number of icons (or soft keys) relative to the number of keys in existing physical keyboards, such as that for a typewriter. This may make it easier for users to select one or more icons in the keyboard, and thus, one or more corresponding symbols. The keyboard embodiments may be adaptive. For example, displayed icons may be modified in accordance with user actions, such as selecting one or more icons and/or one or more corresponding symbols. One or more applications on the device may utilize common and/or different keyboard embodiments. Thus, the keyboard embodiment used may be tailored to at least some of the applications. In some embodiments, one or more keyboard embodiments may be tailored to a respective user. For example, one or more keyboard embodiments may be tailored to a respective user based on a word usage history (lexicography, slang, individual usage) of the respective user. Some of the keyboard embodiments may be adjusted to reduce a probability of a user error when selecting one or more icons, and thus one or more symbols, when using the soft keyboard embodiments. 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of portable devices with touch-sensitive displays.  FIGS. 1A and 1B  are block diagrams illustrating portable multifunction devices  100  with touch-sensitive displays  112  in accordance with some embodiments. The touch-sensitive display  112  is sometimes called a “touch screen” for convenience, and may also be known as or called a touch-sensitive display system. The device  100  may include a memory  102  (which may include one or more computer readable storage mediums), a memory controller  122 , one or more processing units (CPU&#39;s)  120 , a peripherals interface  118 , RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , a speaker  111 , a microphone  113 , an input/output (I/O) subsystem  106 , other input or control devices  116 , and an external port  124 . The device  100  may include one or more optical sensors  164 . These components may communicate over one or more communication buses or signal lines  103 . 
     It should be appreciated that the device  100  is only one example of a portable multifunction device  100 , and that the device  100  may have more or fewer components than shown, may combine two or more components, or a may have a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown in  FIGS. 1A and 1B  may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both hardware and software, including one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits. 
     Memory  102  may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Access to memory  102  by other components of the device  100 , such as the CPU  120  and the peripherals interface  118 , may be controlled by the memory controller  122 . 
     The peripherals interface  118  couples the input and output peripherals of the device to the CPU  120  and memory  102 . The one or more processors  120  run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in memory  102  to perform various functions for the device  100  and to process data. 
     In some embodiments, the peripherals interface  118 , the CPU  120 , and the memory controller  122  may be implemented on a single chip, such as a chip  104 . In some other embodiments, they may be implemented on separate chips. 
     The RF (radio frequency) circuitry  108  receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals. The RF circuitry  108  converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals. The RF circuitry  108  may include well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. The RF circuitry  108  may communicate with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The wireless communication may use any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), voice over Internet Protocol (VoiP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for email (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document. 
     The audio circuitry  110 , the speaker  111 , and the microphone  113  provide an audio interface between a user and the device  100 . The audio circuitry  110  receives audio data from the peripherals interface  118 , converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to the speaker  111 . The speaker  111  converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves. The audio circuitry  110  also receives electrical signals converted by the microphone  113  from sound waves. The audio circuitry  110  converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to the peripherals interface  118  for processing. Audio data may be retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory  102  and/or the RF circuitry  108  by the peripherals interface  118 . In some embodiments, the audio circuitry  110  also includes a headset jack (e.g.,  212 ,  FIG. 2 ). The headset jack provides an interface between the audio circuitry  110  and removable audio input/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headset with both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input (e.g., a microphone). 
     The I/O subsystem  106  couples input/output peripherals on the device  100 , such as the touch screen  112  and other input/control devices  116 , to the peripherals interface  118 . The I/O subsystem  106  may include a display controller  156  and one or more input controllers  160  for other input or control devices. The one or more input controllers  160  receive/send electrical signals from/to other input or control devices  116 . The other input/control devices  116  may include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s)  160  may be coupled to any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, infrared port, USB port, and a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g.,  208 ,  FIG. 2 ) may include an up/down button for volume control of the speaker  111  and/or the microphone  113 . The one or more buttons may include a push button (e.g.,  206 ,  FIG. 2 ). A quick press of the push button may disengage a lock of the touch screen  112  or begin a process that uses gestures on the touch screen to unlock the device, as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/322,549, “Unlocking a Device by Performing Gestures on an Unlock Image,” filed Dec. 23, 2005, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. A longer press of the push button (e.g.,  206 ) may turn power to the device  100  on or off. The user may be able to customize a functionality of one or more of the buttons. The touch screen  112  is used to implement virtual or soft buttons and one or more soft keyboards. 
     The touch-sensitive touch screen  112  provides an input interface and an output interface between the device and a user. The display controller  156  receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to the touch screen  112 . The touch screen  112  displays visual output to the user. The visual output may include graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all of the visual output may correspond to user-interface objects. 
     A touch screen  112  has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor or set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact. The touch screen  112  and the display controller  156  (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory  102 ) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on the touch screen  112  and converts the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages or images) that are displayed on the touch screen. In an exemplary embodiment, a point of contact between a touch screen  112  and the user corresponds to a finger of the user. 
     The touch screen  112  may use LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, or LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, although other display technologies may be used in other embodiments. The touch screen  112  and the display controller  156  may detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of a plurality of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with a touch screen  112 . In an exemplary embodiment, projected mutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in the iPhone® and iPod Touch® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. 
     A touch-sensitive display in some embodiments of the touch screen  112  may be analogous to the multi-touch sensitive touchpads described in the following U.S. Pat. No. 6,323,846 (Westerman et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 6,570,557 (Westerman et al.), and/or U.S. Pat. No. 6,677,932 (Westerman), and/or U.S. Patent Publication 2002/0015024A1, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. However, a touch screen  112  displays visual output from the portable device  100 , whereas touch sensitive touchpads do not provide visual output. 
     A touch-sensitive display in some embodiments of the touch screen  112  may be as described in the following applications: (1) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/381,313, “Multipoint Touch Surface Controller,” filed May 2, 2006; (2) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/840,862, “Multipoint Touchscreen,” filed May 6, 2004; (3) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/903,964, “Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jul. 30, 2004; (4) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/048,264, “Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jan. 31, 2005; (5) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/038,590, “Mode-Based Graphical User Interfaces For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jan. 18, 2005; (6) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,758, “Virtual Input Device Placement On A Touch Screen User Interface,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; (7) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,700, “Operation Of A Computer With A Touch Screen Interface,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; (8) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,737, “Activating Virtual Keys Of A Touch-Screen Virtual Keyboard,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; and (9) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/367,749, “Multi-Functional Hand-Held Device,” filed Mar. 3, 2006. All of these applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. 
     The touch screen  112  may have a resolution in excess of 100 dpi. In an exemplary embodiment, the touch screen has a resolution of approximately 160 dpi. The user may make contact with the touch screen  112  using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to work primarily with finger-based contacts and gestures, which are much less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired by the user. 
     In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, the device  100  may include a touchpad (not shown) for activating or deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output. The touchpad may be a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the touch screen  112  or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen. 
     In some embodiments, the device  100  may include a physical or virtual click wheel as an input control device  116 . A user may navigate among and interact with one or more graphical objects (e.g., icons) displayed in the touch screen  112  by rotating the click wheel or by moving a point of contact with the click wheel (e.g., where the amount of movement of the point of contact is measured by its angular displacement with respect to a center point of the click wheel). The click wheel may also be used to select one or more of the displayed icons. For example, the user may press down on at least a portion of the click wheel or an associated button. User commands and navigation commands provided by the user via the click wheel may be processed by an input controller  160  as well as one or more of the modules and/or sets of instructions in memory  102 . For a virtual click wheel, the click wheel and click wheel controller may be part of the touch screen  112  and the display controller  156 , respectively. For a virtual click wheel, the click wheel may be either an opaque or semitransparent object that appears and disappears on the touch screen display in response to user interaction with the device. In some embodiments, a virtual click wheel is displayed on the touch screen of a portable multifunction device and operated by user contact with the touch screen. 
     The device  100  also includes a power system  162  for powering the various components. The power system  162  may include a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices. 
     The device  100  may also include one or more optical sensors  164 .  FIGS. 1A and 1B  show an optical sensor coupled to an optical sensor controller  158  in I/O subsystem  106 . The optical sensor  164  may include charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistors. The optical sensor  164  receives light from the environment, projected through one or more lens, and converts the light to data representing an image. In conjunction with an imaging module  143  (also called a camera module), the optical sensor  164  may capture still images or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the back of the device  100 , opposite the touch screen display  112  on the front of the device, so that the touch screen display may be used as a viewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the front of the device so that the user&#39;s image may be obtained for videoconferencing while the user views the other video conference participants on the touch screen display. In some embodiments, the position of the optical sensor  164  can be changed by the user (e.g., by rotating the lens and the sensor in the device housing) so that a single optical sensor  164  may be used along with the touch screen display for both video conferencing and still and/or video image acquisition. 
     The device  100  may also include one or more proximity sensors  166 .  FIGS. 1A and 1B  show a proximity sensor  166  coupled to the peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, the proximity sensor  166  may be coupled to an input controller  160  in the I/O subsystem  106 . The proximity sensor  166  may perform as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/241,839, “Proximity Detector In Handheld Device”; Ser. No. 11/240,788, “Proximity Detector In Handheld Device”; Ser. No. 11/620,702, “Using Ambient Light Sensor To Augment Proximity Sensor Output”; Ser. No. 11/586,862, “Automated Response To And Sensing Of User Activity In Portable Devices”; and Ser. No. 11/638,251, “Methods And Systems For Automatic Configuration Of Peripherals,” which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. In some embodiments, the proximity sensor turns off and disables the touch screen  112  when the multifunction device is placed near the user&#39;s ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call). 
     The device  100  may also include one or more accelerometers  168 .  FIGS. 1A and 1B  show an accelerometer  168  coupled to the peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, the accelerometer  168  may be coupled to an input controller  160  in the I/O subsystem  106 . The accelerometer  168  may perform as described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 20050190059, “Acceleration-based Theft Detection System for Portable Electronic Devices,” and U.S. Patent Publication No. 20060017692, “Methods And Apparatuses For Operating A Portable Device Based On An Accelerometer,” both of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. In some embodiments, information is displayed on the touch screen display in a portrait view or a landscape view based on an analysis of data received from the one or more accelerometers. 
     In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory  102  may include an operating system  126 , a communication module (or set of instructions)  128 , a contact/motion module (or set of instructions)  130 , a graphics module (or set of instructions)  132 , a text input module (or set of instructions)  134 , a Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set of instructions)  135 , and applications (or set of instructions)  136 . 
     The operating system  126  (e.g., Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components. 
     The communication module  128  facilitates communication with other devices over one or more external ports  124  and also includes various software components for handling data received by the RF circuitry  108  and/or the external port  124 . The external port  124  (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the 30-pin connector used on iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) devices. 
     The contact/motion module  130  may detect contact with the touch screen  112  (in conjunction with the display controller  156 ) and other touch sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). The contact/motion module  130  includes various software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact, such as determining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-down event), determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact). The contact/motion module  130  receives contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which is represented by a series of contact data, may include determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. These operations may be applied to single contacts (e.g., one finger contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g., “multitouch”/multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments, the contact/motion module  130  and the display controller  156  detects contact on a touchpad. In some embodiments, the contact/motion module  130  and the controller  160  detects contact on a click wheel. 
     The contact/motion module  130  may detect a gesture input by a user. Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contact patterns. Thus, a gesture may be detected by detecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a finger tap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting a finger-up event at the same position (or substantially the same position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequently followed by detecting a finger-up event. In some embodiments, the contact/motion module  130  differentiates between multiple distinct types of finger swipe gestures. 
     The graphics module  132  includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics on the touch screen  112  or other display, including components for changing the intensity of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics” includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including without limitation text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations and the like. 
     In some embodiments, the graphics module  132  stores data representing graphics to be used. Each graphic may be assigned a corresponding code. The graphics module  132  receives, from applications etc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with, if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and then generates screen image data to output to display controller  156 . 
     The text input module  134 , which may be a component of graphics module  132 , provides soft keyboards for entering text in various applications (e.g., contacts  137 , e-mail  140 , IM  141 , browser  147 , and any other application that needs text input). 
     The GPS module  135  determines the location of the device and provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone  138  for use in location-based dialing, to camera  143  as picture/video metadata, and to applications that provide location-based services such as weather widgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets). 
     The applications  136  may include the following modules (or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof:
         a contacts module  137  (sometimes called an address book or contact list);   a telephone module  138 ;   a video conferencing module  139 ;   an e-mail client module  140 ;   an instant messaging (IM) module  141 ;   a workout support module  142 ;   a camera module  143  for still and/or video images;   an image management module  144 ;   a video player module  145 ;   a music player module  146 ;   a browser module  147 ;   a calendar module  148 ;   widget modules  149 , which may include weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  149 - 3 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , dictionary widget  149 - 5 , and other widgets obtained by the user, as well as user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   widget creator module  150  for making user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   search module  151 ;   video and music player module  152 , which merges video player module  145  and music player module  146 ;   notes module  153 ;   map module  154 ; and/or   online video module  155 .       

     Examples of other applications  136  that may be stored in memory  102  include other word processing applications, other image editing applications, drawing applications, presentation applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice replication. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the contacts module  137  may be used to manage an address book or contact list, including: adding name(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book; associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or other information with a name; associating an image with a name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers or e-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications by telephone  138 , video conference  139 , e-mail  140 , or IM  141 ; and so forth. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the telephone module  138  may be used to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers in the address book  137 , modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation and disconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As noted above, the wireless communication may use any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , contact list  137 , and telephone module  138 , the videoconferencing module  139  may be used to initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user and one or more other participants. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the e-mail client module  140  may be used to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail. In conjunction with image management module  144 , the e-mail module  140  makes it very easy to create and send e-mails with still or video images taken with camera module  143 . 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the instant messaging module  141  may be used to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to an instant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit a respective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service (SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-based instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS for Internet-based instant messages), to receive instant messages and to view received instant messages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or received instant messages may include graphics, photos, audio files, video files and/or other attachments as are supported in a MMS and/or an Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging” refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , map module  154 , and music player module  146 , the workout support module  142  may be used to create workouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burning goals); communicate with workout sensors (sports devices); receive workout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout; select and play music for a workout; and display, store and transmit workout data. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor(s)  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and image management module  144 , the camera module  143  may be used to capture still images or video (including a video stream) and store them into memory  102 , modify characteristics of a still image or video, or delete a still image or video from memory  102 . 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and camera module  143 , the image management module  144  may be used to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/or video images. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , and speaker  111 , the video player module  145  may be used to display, present or otherwise play back videos (e.g., on the touch screen or on an external, connected display via external port  124 ). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , and browser module  147 , the music player module  146  allows the user to download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files. In some embodiments, the device  100  may include the functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the browser module  147  may be used to browse the Internet, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portions thereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , e-mail module  140 , and browser module  147 , the calendar module  148  may be used to create, display, modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendar entries, to do lists, etc.). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , the widget modules  149  are mini-applications that may be downloaded and used by a user (e.g., weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  149 - 3 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , and dictionary widget  149 - 5 ) or created by the user (e.g., user-created widget  149 - 6 ). In some embodiments, a widget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In some embodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , the widget creator module  150  may be used by a user to create widgets (e.g., turning a user-specified portion of a web page into a widget). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the search module  151  may be used to search for text, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory  102  that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the notes module  153  may be used to create and manage notes, to do lists, and the like. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , and browser module  147 , the map module  154  may be used to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data associated with maps (e.g., driving directions; data on stores and other points of interest at or near a particular location; and other location-based data). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , the online video module  155  allows the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen or on an external, connected display via external port  124 ), send an e-mail with a link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats, such as H.264. In some embodiments, instant messaging module  141 , rather than e-mail client module  140 , is used to send a link to a particular online video. Additional description of the online video application can be found in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/936,562, “Portable Multifunction Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Playing Online Videos,” filed Jun. 20, 2007, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/968,067, “Portable Multifunction Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Playing Online Videos,” filed Dec. 31, 2007, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
     Each of the above identified modules and applications correspond to a set of executable instructions for performing one or more functions described above and the methods described in this application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods described herein). These modules (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. For example, video player module  145  may be combined with music player module  146  into a single module (e.g., video and music player module  152 ,  FIG. 1B ). In some embodiments, memory  102  may store a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  102  may store additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     In some embodiments, the device  100  is a device where operation of a predefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusively through a touch screen  112  and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/or a touchpad as the primary input/control device for operation of the device  100 , the number of physical input/control devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) on the device  100  may be reduced. 
     The predefined set of functions that may be performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad include navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by the user, navigates the device  100  to a main, home, or root menu from any user interface that may be displayed on the device  100 . In such embodiments, the touchpad may be referred to as a “menu button.” In some other embodiments, the menu button may be a physical push button or other physical input/control device instead of a touchpad. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a portable multifunction device  100  having a touch screen  112  in accordance with some embodiments. The touch screen may display one or more graphics within user interface (UI)  200 . In this embodiment, as well as others described below, a user may select one or more of the graphics by making contact or touching the graphics, for example, with one or more fingers  202  (not drawn to scale in the figure) or one or more styluses  203  (not drawn to scale in the figure). In some embodiments, selection of one or more graphics occurs when the user breaks contact with the one or more graphics. In some embodiments, the contact may include a gesture, such as one or more taps, one or more swipes (from left to right, right to left, upward and/or downward) and/or a rolling of a finger (from right to left, left to right, upward and/or downward) that has made contact with the device  100 . In some embodiments, inadvertent contact with a graphic may not select the graphic. For example, a swipe gesture that sweeps over an application icon may not select the corresponding application when the gesture corresponding to selection is a tap. 
     The device  100  may also include one or more physical buttons, such as “home” or menu button  204 . As described previously, the menu button  204  may be used to navigate to any application  136  in a set of applications that may be executed on the device  100 . Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as a soft key in a GUI in touch screen  112 . 
     In one embodiment, the device  100  includes a touch screen  112 , a menu button  204 , a push button  206  for powering the device on/off and locking the device, volume adjustment button(s)  208 , a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card slot  210 , a head set jack  212 , and a docking/charging external port  124 . The push button  206  may be used to turn the power on/off on the device by depressing the button and holding the button in the depressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by depressing the button and releasing the button before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an unlock process. In an alternative embodiment, the device  100  also may accept verbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions through the microphone  113 . 
       FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. Device  300  need not be portable. In some embodiments, the device  300  is a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a tablet computer, a multimedia player device, a navigation device, an educational device (such as a child&#39;s learning toy), a gaming system, or a control device (e.g., a home or industrial controller). The device  300  typically includes one or more processing units (CPU&#39;s)  310 , one or more network or other communications interfaces  360 , memory  370 , and one or more communication buses  320  for interconnecting these components. The communication buses  320  may include circuitry (sometimes called a chipset) that interconnects and controls communications between system components. The device  300  includes an input/output (I/O) interface  330  comprising a display  340 , which is typically a touch screen display. The I/O interface  330  also may include a keyboard and/or mouse (or other pointing device)  350  and a touchpad  355 . Memory  370  includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM or other random access solid state memory devices; and may include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory  370  may optionally include one or more storage devices remotely located from the CPU(s)  310 . In some embodiments, memory  370  stores programs, modules, and data structures analogous to the programs, modules, and data structures stored in the memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100  ( FIG. 1 ), or a subset thereof. Furthermore, memory  370  may store additional programs, modules, and data structures not present in the memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100 . For example, memory  370  of device  300  may store drawing module  380 , presentation module  382 , word processing module  384 , website creation module  386 , disk authoring module  388 , and/or spreadsheet module  390 , while memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100  ( FIG. 1 ) may not store these modules. 
     Each of the above identified elements in  FIG. 3  may be stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices. Each of the above identified modules corresponds to a set of instructions for performing a function described above. The above identified modules or programs (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  370  may store a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  370  may store additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) that may be implemented on a portable multifunction device  100 . 
       FIGS. 4A and 4B  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for a menu of applications on a portable multifunction device  100  in accordance with some embodiments. Similar user interfaces may be implemented on device  300 . In some embodiments, user interface  400 A includes the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:
         Signal strength indicator(s)  402  for wireless communication(s), such as cellular and Wi-Fi signals;   Time  404 ;   Bluetooth indicator  405 ;   Battery status indicator  406 ;   Tray  408  with icons for frequently used applications, such as:
           Phone  138 , which may include an indicator  414  of the number of missed calls or voicemail messages;   E-mail client  140 , which may include an indicator  410  of the number of unread e-mails;   Browser  147 ; and   Music player  146 ; and   
           Icons for other applications, such as:
           IM  141 ;   Image management  144 ;   Camera  143 ;   Video player  145 ;   Weather  149 - 1 ;   Stocks  149 - 2 ;   Workout support  142 ;   Calendar  148 ;   Calculator  149 - 3 ;   Alarm clock  149 - 4 ;   Dictionary  149 - 5 ; and   User-created widget  149 - 6 .   
               

     In some embodiments, user interface  400 B includes the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:
           402 ,  404 ,  405 ,  406 ,  141 ,  148 ,  144 ,  143 ,  149 - 3 ,  149 - 2 ,  149 - 1 ,  149 - 4 ,  410 ,  414 ,  138 ,  140 , and  147 , as described above;   Map  154 ;   Notes  153 ;   Settings  412 , which provides access to settings for the device  100  and its various applications  136 , as described further below;   Video and music player module  152 , also referred to as iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) module  152 ; and   Online video module  155 , also referred to as YouTube (trademark of Google Inc.) module  155 .       

       FIG. 4C  illustrates an exemplary user interface on a device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG. 3 ) with a touch-sensitive surface  451  (e.g., a tablet or touchpad  355 ,  FIG. 3 ) that is separate from the display  450  (e.g., touch screen display  112 ). Although many of the examples which follow will be given with reference to inputs on a touch screen display  112  (where the touch sensitive surface and the display are combined), in some embodiments, the device detects inputs on a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display, as shown in  FIG. 4C . In some embodiments the touch sensitive surface (e.g.,  451  in  FIG. 4C ) has a primary axis (e.g.,  452  in  FIG. 4C ) that corresponds to a primary axis (e.g.,  453  in  FIG. 4C ) on the display (e.g.,  450 ). In accordance with these embodiments, the device detects contacts (e.g.,  460  and  462  in  FIG. 4C ) with the touch-sensitive surface  451  at locations that correspond to respective locations on the display (e.g., in  FIG. 4C   460  corresponds to  468  and  462  corresponds to  470 ). In this way, user inputs (e.g., contacts  460  and  462 ) detected by the device on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,  451  in  FIG. 4C ) are used by the device to manipulate the user interface on the display (e.g.,  450  in  FIG. 4C ) of the multifunction device when the touch-sensitive surface is separate from the display. It should be understood that similar methods may be used for other user interfaces described herein. 
     Additionally, while the following examples are given primarily with reference to finger inputs (e.g., finger contacts, finger tap gestures, finger swipe gestures), it should be understood that, in some embodiments, one or more of the finger inputs are replaced with input from another input device (e.g., a mouse based input or stylus input). For example, a swipe gesture may be replaced with a mouse click (e.g., instead of a contact) followed by movement of the cursor along the path of the swipe (e.g., instead of movement of the contact). As another example, a tap gesture may be replaced with a mouse click while the cursor is located over the location of the tap gesture (e.g., instead of detection of the contact followed by ceasing to detect the contact). Similarly, when multiple user inputs are simultaneously detected, it should be understood that multiple computer mice may be used simultaneously, or a mouse and finger contacts may be used simultaneously. 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) and associated processes that may be implemented on a multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface, such as device  300  or portable multifunction device  100 . 
     It would be desirable for users to be able to use a single navigational gesture to move through multiple sections of an electronic document, especially when the document is a large, multi-section electronic document. Existing methods for scrolling multi-section documents are cumbersome and inefficient, and often do not result in the display of electronic documents according to a user&#39;s desires. For example, scrolling an electronic document over several sections or pages in response to one or more swipe (or other) gestures may result in the electronic document displayed with a page break in the middle of the screen. This is tedious and imposes a cognitive burden on the user, who must then adjust the electronic document with an additional gesture. In addition, existing methods of scrolling documents take longer than necessary, thereby wasting energy. This latter consideration is particularly important in battery-operated devices. 
       FIGS. 5A-5O  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for scrolling multi-section documents in accordance with heuristics for improved electronic document display in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in  FIGS. 6A-6E . 
     Although the exemplary embodiments in  FIGS. 5A-5O  illustrate the use of swipe gestures (which include flick gestures) in conjunction with scrolling of the electronic document, any suitable gesture may be used with the user interfaces, devices, and methods disclosed herein (e.g., swipe gestures, rotation gestures, etc.). 
     Each of  FIGS. 5A-5O  include three sections, which illustrate a portable multifunction device  100  displaying an electronic document that includes a plurality of document sections separated by respective logical structure boundaries, which in this example are pages and page breaks, respectively. The portable multifunction device  100  is displayed in the figures as 5‘n’1, where ‘n’=the figure letter in the series, e.g.,  FIG. 5B  contains a depiction of portable multifunction device  100  as FIG.  5 B 1 . A representation of a complete exemplary electronic document is provided in 5‘n’2, where ‘n’=the figure letter in the series, e.g.,  FIG. 5B  contains a depiction of the electronic document as FIG.  5 B 2 . Additionally, in each of the figures, the exemplary electronic document is displayed in the 5n2 sections of the figures with a coverage mark  502 . The coverage mark  502  over part of the complete exemplary electronic document in 5n2 indicates what portion of the electronic document is being viewed on touch screen  112  in 5n1. To give more context in the examples discussed here, exemplary content marks are placed in each document section of the complete electronic document in 5n2. The electronic document&#39;s content marks are also displayed on the touch screen  112  in 5n1. Thus, the figures in 5n1 and 5n2 present a synchronized view of the displayed content on touch screen  112  and the conceptual view of navigation within the electronic document. 
     Finally, the figures contain a scrolling speed versus scrolling distance chart in the 5‘n’3 sections of the figures, where ‘n’=the figure letter in the series, e.g.,  FIG. 5B  contains a chart shown as FIG.  5 B 3 . The charts illustrate a scrolling speed versus scrolling distance curve for certain gestures depicted on the portable multifunction device  100 , and how, in some embodiments, the curve may be adjusted in certain circumstances as described below. 
       FIG. 5A  illustrates an exemplary electronic document  500  being displayed on device  100  within user interface UI  500 A (FIG.  5 A 1 ). The electronic document  500  has 10 pages,  500 - 1  through  500 - 10 . Page  500 - 1  is presently displayed, as indicated by: 1) coverage mark  502  in the graphic depiction of the electronic document  5 A 2 ; and 2) content marks  504 - 1 ,  504 - 2 , and  504 - 3 . 
     The device detects a swipe gesture  506  with an initial contact  506 - 1  and swipe motion  506 - 2  on the touch screen  112  in FIG.  5 A 1 . Swipe gesture  506  includes an initial velocity, which, while not depicted directly on the device  100  in FIG.  5 A 1 , is represented by the initial location of scroll progress mark  508  on the vertical scroll speed axis  510  of FIG.  5 A 3 . 
     A predefined speed threshold  512  is depicted on FIG.  5 A 3 , and as depicted by the initial location of scroll progress mark  508  on the vertical scroll speed axis  510 , the initial velocity of swipe gesture  506  exceeds the predefined speed threshold  512 . 
     Additionally, FIG.  5 A 3  depicts a scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function in the form of an initial curve  514  plotted with scroll speed in the vertical axis  510  against scroll distance in the horizontal axis  516 . 
       FIG. 5B  depicts that scrolling of the electronic document  500  has been initiated, as coverage mark  502  is now covering portions of page 2  500 - 2  and page 3  500 - 3 , and UI  500 B (FIG.  5 B 1 ) shows content mark  504 - 4  for a portion of page 2, page boundary  518 , and content marks  504 - 5  and  504 - 6  for a portion of page 3. Additionally, FIG.  5 B 3  includes the initial curve  514 , as well as an adjusted curve  514 -A, that is an altered version of the scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function. As depicted in FIG.  5 B 3 , the initial curve  514  indicated a scroll distance of approximately four and two thirds pages by the time the scrolling speed becomes zero, i.e. scrolling stops. The adjusted curve  514 -A, however, has been adjusted so that the scroll distance is exactly four pages when the scrolling speed becomes zero. Therefore, in this example of vertical scrolling, the upper page boundary associated with the page to be scrolled to (e.g., page 5) in accordance with the adjusted curve  514 -A will be displayed at the top of the display at the end of the scrolling operation initiated by the user&#39;s swipe gesture  506 . Alternatively, the upper page boundary associated with the page to be scrolled to (e.g., page 5) in accordance with the adjusted curve  514 -A will coincide with the top of the display and thus the upper page boundary will not be displayed at the end of the scrolling operation. 
     Because the initial velocity of the swipe gesture  506  was greater than the predefined speed threshold  512 , the electronic document  500  is scrolled in accordance with the adjusted curve  514 -A. This is indicated visually in FIG.  5 B 3 , where the movement of scroll progress mark  508  is on the adjusted curve  514 -A, rather than the initial curve  514 . 
       FIG. 5C  depicts continued scrolling of the electronic document  500  in accordance with the adjusted curve  514 -A in FIG.  5 C 3 , while UI  500 C (FIG.  5 C 1 ) shows content marks  504 - 7  and  504 - 8  for a portion of page 4, page boundary  520  and content mark  504 - 9  for a portion of page 5. Scroll progress mark  508  is farther along the adjusted curve  514 -A, and lower with respect to vertical scroll speed axis  510 , indicating that the scroll speed is continuing to approach zero velocity. 
       FIG. 5D  illustrates that scrolling came to a stop as the scrolling speed became zero. FIG.  5 D 3  depicts scroll progress mark  508  at the end of adjusted curve  514 -A, which corresponds to the bottom of the vertical scroll speed axis  510 , i.e., no velocity, and at a scroll distance of four document sections, which is four pages in this example. As depicted in FIG.  5 D 2 , content marks  504 - 10 ,  504 - 11 , and  504 - 12  are displayed in UI  500 D (FIG.  5 D 1 ). The coverage mark  502  is now over just page 5  500 - 5 , so that no page boundaries are visible in UI  500 D. In this example, an entire document section—page 5  500 - 5 —is displayed on touch screen  112 . Moreover, the upper page boundary associated with page 5  500 - 5  is displayed at the top of the display of touch screen  112 , and the lower page boundary associated with page 5  500 - 5  is displayed at the bottom of the display of touch screen  112 . As illustrated in this exemplary embodiment, displaying respective page boundaries at the top and/or bottom of a display means that the page boundaries are not visible. In alternate embodiments, displaying the respective page boundaries at the top and/or bottom of a display means that the respective page boundaries may be visually displayed at or near the extremums of the display. 
       FIG. 5E  depicts the device  100  detecting swipe gesture  522  with an initial contact  522 - 1  and swipe motion  522 - 2  on the touch screen  112  in UI  500 E (FIG.  5 E 1 ). Swipe gesture  522  includes an initial velocity, which is represented by the initial location of scroll progress mark  508  on the vertical scroll speed axis  510  of FIG.  5 E 3 . As depicted by the initial location of scroll progress mark  508  at the vertical scroll speed axis  510 , the initial velocity of swipe gesture  522  does not exceed the predefined speed threshold  512 . The initial curve  524  for scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function indicates the distance to be scrolled will be somewhat over one page as indicated on the horizontal scroll distance axis  516 . 
       FIGS. 5F-5G  depict the device  100  scrolling the electronic document  500  within UI  500 F (FIG.  5 F 1 ) in accordance with the initial curve  524  because the initial velocity of the swipe gesture  522  is below the predefined speed threshold. As depicted, the content marks  504 - 11 ,  504 - 12  on page  500 - 5 , page boundary  525  and content mark  504 - 13  on page 6  500 - 6  are visible, indicating that the document is scrolling upward. For purposes of illustration, adjusted curve  524 -A is also depicted, which would alter the scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function so that the scrolling speed becomes zero as the scrolling ended at one page scrolled. 
     In UI  500 G (FIG.  5 G 1 ), the scrolling has stopped with most of page 6  500 - 6  visible, page boundary  526  near the top of the touch screen  112 , and a small part of page 5  500 - 5  visible above page boundary  526 . Content marks  504 - 13 ,  504 - 14 , and  504 - 15  on page 6  500 - 6  are visible. This comports with the coverage mark  502  in FIG.  5 G 2 , and with FIG.  5 G 3 , where the initial curve  524  indicates that the distance to be scrolled was somewhat over one page as indicated on the horizontal scroll distance axis  516 . Note that, because the initial velocity of the swipe gesture  522  is below the predefined speed threshold, scroll progress mark  508  ended on the initial curve  524  at a position slightly greater than one page scrolled, whereas following the adjusted curve  524 -A would have resulted in the scrolling stopping with all of page 6  500 - 6  displayed in UI  500 G 1 . 
       FIGS. 5H-5I  depict an exemplary embodiment where the device  100  detects swipe gesture  528  with an initial contact  528 - 1  and swipe motion  528 - 2  on the touch screen  112  in UI  500 H (FIG.  5 H 1 ). Swipe gesture  528  includes an initial velocity, which is represented by the initial location of scroll progress mark  508  on the vertical scroll speed axis  510  of FIG.  5 H 3 . As depicted by the initial location of scroll progress mark  508  at the vertical scroll speed axis  510 , the initial velocity of swipe gesture  528  meets an alternative predefined speed threshold  512 - 2 , which, for purposes of illustration, is different from predefined speed threshold  512 . Alternative predefined speed threshold  512 - 2  is set at, or substantially at, the swipe gesture velocity necessary to scroll the electronic document  500  exactly one page. In this exemplary embodiment, the curve  530  for scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function indicates the distance to be scrolled will be exactly one page as indicated on the horizontal scroll distance axis  516 . 
       FIG. 5I  illustrates that in response to swipe gesture  528 , the electronic document  500  has been scrolled exactly one page. In FIG.  5 I 3 , scroll progress mark  508  ended on the curve  530  at a position corresponding to exactly one page scrolled. Content marks  504 - 16  through  504 - 18  are revealed in UI  500 I (FIG.  5 I 1 ), and the portion of the electronic document  500  displayed in UI  500 I corresponds to the coverage mark  502  in FIG.  5 I 2 , including page boundary  531 . 
     Note that, since the swipe gesture  528 &#39;s initial velocity is at, or substantially at, alternative predefined speed threshold  512 - 2 , no adjustment to the scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function was performed. 
     In some embodiments, the predefined speed threshold  512  is set at, or substantially at, the swipe gesture velocity necessary to scroll an electronic document exactly one page. 
     UI  500 I also illustrates depinch gesture  532 , which includes points of contact  532 - 1  and  532 - 2 , and movements  532 - 3  and  532 - 4 . 
       FIG. 5J  illustrates that, in response to depinch gesture  532 , the electronic document  500  is magnified or zoomed to a magnification level greater than 1.0×. Following depinch gesture  532 , UI  500 J (FIG.  5 J 1 ) depicts that page boundary  531  and content mark  504 - 16  on page 7  500 - 7  are still visible, as is a small portion of page 6  500 - 6 , but in magnified form. In FIG.  5 J 2 , the coverage mark  502  covers corresponding portions of page 6  500 - 6  and page 7  500 - 7 . 
     UI  500 J also illustrates, that while the electronic document  500  is displayed in magnified form, the device  100  detects a swipe gesture  534  on touch screen  112 , which includes a contact  534 - 1  and a swipe motion  534 - 2 . 
     Swipe gesture  534  includes an initial velocity, which, while not depicted directly on the device  100  in FIG.  5 J 1 , is represented by the initial location of scroll progress mark  508  on the vertical scroll speed axis  510  of FIG.  5 J 3 . 
     The previously discussed predefined speed threshold  512  is depicted on FIG.  5 J 3 , and as depicted by the initial location of scroll progress mark  508  on the vertical scroll speed axis  510 , the initial velocity of swipe gesture  534  exceeds the predefined speed threshold  512 . 
     Additionally, FIG.  5 J 3  depicts a scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function in the form of a curve  536  plotted with scroll speed in the vertical axis  510  against scroll distance in the horizontal axis  516 . 
     UI  500 K (FIG.  5 K 1 ) depicts that page boundary  535  and content mark  504 - 18  on page 7  500 - 7  are visible, as is a small portion of page 8  500 - 8 , but in magnified form. In FIG.  5 K 2 , the coverage mark  502  covers corresponding portions of page 7  500 - 7  and page 8  500 - 8 . 
     The exemplary embodiment illustrated by  FIGS. 5J and 5K  indicate, that some embodiments forego adjusting the scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function when the electronic document is displayed at a magnification level greater than a predefined magnification level, (e.g., 1.0×), regardless of whether a swipe gesture exceeds the predefined speed threshold. 
     UI  500 K also depicts a pinch gesture  538 , which includes points of contact  538 - 1  and  538 - 2 , and movements  538 - 3  and  538 - 4 . 
       FIG. 5L  illustrates that in response to pinch gesture  538 , the electronic document  500  is demagnified. In UI  500 L (FIG.  5 L 1 ), content mark  504 - 18  for a portion of page 7  500 - 7 , page boundary  535 , and content marks  504 - 19  and  504 - 20  for a portion of page 8  500 - 8  are visible on touch screen  112 , which corresponds to coverage mark  502  over page 7  500 - 7  and page 8  500 - 8  in FIG.  5 L 2 . 
     UI  500 L depicts the device  100  detecting swipe gesture  540  with an initial contact  540 - 1  and swipe motion  540 - 2  on the touch screen  112 . Swipe gesture  540  includes an initial velocity, which is represented by the initial location of scroll progress mark  508  on the vertical scroll speed axis  510  of FIG.  5 L 3 . As depicted by the initial location of scroll progress mark  508  at the vertical scroll speed axis  510 , the initial velocity of swipe gesture  540  exceeds the predefined speed threshold  512 . The initial curve  542  for scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function indicates the distance to be scrolled will be between two and three pages as indicated on the horizontal scroll distance axis  516 , which would result in a portion of page 9 and a portion of page 10 being displayed at the end of the scroll operation. 
       FIG. 5M  depicts that scrolling of the electronic document  500  has been initiated, as coverage mark  502  is now covering portions of page 8  500 - 8  and page 9  500 - 9 , and UI  500 M (FIG.  5 M 1 ) shows content mark  504 - 21  for a portion of page 8  500 - 8 , page boundary  544 , and content marks  504 - 22  and  504 - 23  for a portion of page 9  500 - 9 . FIG.  5 M 3  includes the initial curve  542 , as well as an adjusted curve  542 -A, that is an altered or modified version of the scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function. The adjusted curve  542 -A is generated so that, at the end of the scroll operation (if the scroll operation is allowed to finish), page 10 and only page 10 is being displayed. 
     UI  500 M also illustrates that page 9  500 - 9  includes an executable icon  546 . Touch gesture  548  corresponds to the location of executable icon  546  within the electronic document  500 . In some embodiments, such as the specific example illustrated in  FIG. 5M , scrolling of the electronic document  500  is terminated in response to detecting a touch gesture on the touch screen  112  at the location corresponding to the executable icon in the electronic document. Further, in response to detecting that the touch gesture corresponds to the location of executable icon  546  within the electronic document, the device  100  follows web links and/or executes function(s), program features, or predefined executable code associated with the executable icon  546  (not depicted in the figures). 
     UI  500 N (FIG.  5 N 1 ) depicts the device  100  detecting swipe gesture  550  with an initial contact  550 - 1  and swipe motion  550 - 2  on the touch screen  112 . Swipe gesture  550  includes an initial velocity, which is represented by the initial location of scroll progress mark  508  on the vertical scroll speed axis  510  within FIG.  5 N 3 . As depicted by the initial location of scroll progress mark  508  at the vertical scroll speed axis  510 , the initial velocity of swipe gesture  550  exceeds the predefined speed threshold  512 . Furthermore, the initial portion of the document that is displayed, as indicated by coverage mark  502 , includes a portion of page 8, a portion of page 9, and a page boundary  544  between pages 8 and 9. 
     In the exemplary embodiment of  FIGS. 5N-5O , the device determines a total scrolling distance based on the initial velocity, wherein the total scrolling distance is adjusted to correspond to a first logical structure boundary in the electronic document. The initial curve  552  that depicts the total scrolling distance indicates that the distance to be scrolled will be about seven pages as indicated on the horizontal scroll distance axis  516 , which would result in a final document position in which a portion of page 1 and a portion of page 2 are concurrently displayed. 
       FIG. 5O  illustrates that the device has adjusted the total scrolling distance to correspond to a first logical structure boundary in the electronic document  500 , i.e., adjusted curve  552 -A in FIG.  5 O 3  ends at a logical structure boundary corresponding to approximately six and two-thirds pages scrolled. 
     As depicted in UI  500 O ( FIG. 5O ), scrolling came to a stop as the document scrolled the full extent of the adjusted total scrolling distance. FIG.  5 O 3  depicts scroll progress mark  508  at the end of adjusted curve  552 -A, which corresponds to the bottom of the vertical scroll speed axis  510 , i.e., no velocity, and at a scroll distance of six and two-thirds document sections, i.e., six and two-thirds pages in this example. The coverage mark  502  is now over just page 2  500 - 2 , so that no page boundaries are visible in UI  500 O (FIG.  5 O 1 ). In this example, an entire document section—page 2  500 - 2 —is displayed on touch screen  112 . Moreover, the upper page boundary associated with page 2  500 - 2  is displayed at the top of the display of touch screen  112 , and the lower page boundary associated with page 2  500 - 2  is displayed at the bottom of the display of touch screen  112 . 
       FIGS. 6A-6C  are flow diagrams illustrating a method  600  of scrolling multi-section documents in accordance with heuristics for improved electronic document display in accordance with some embodiments. The method  600  is performed at a multifunction device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG. 3 , or portable multifunction device  100 ,  FIG. 1 ) with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is a touch screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method  600  may be combined and/or the order of some operations may be changed. 
     As described below, the method  600  provides an intuitive way for users to scroll multi-section documents for improved electronic document display, yet without the need for user recognition of any particular heuristics. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when scrolling multi-section documents, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated computing devices, enabling a user to scroll multi-section documents faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     The device displays ( 602 ) on the display an electronic document that includes a plurality of document sections separated by respective logical structure boundaries (e.g., FIG.  5 A 1 , electronic document  500  displayed on touch screen  112 , and multi-section electronic document  500  as represented in FIG.  5 A 2 , where 10 document sections are separated by respective logical structure boundaries, i.e., 10 pages separated by page boundaries). 
     In some embodiments, respective document sections correspond to respective pages within the electronic document ( 604 ) (e.g., multi-section electronic document  500  as represented in FIG.  5 A 2 , where 10 document sections are separated by respective logical structure boundaries, i.e., 10 pages separated by page boundaries). 
     In some embodiments, respective logical structure boundaries correspond to respective page boundaries within the electronic document ( 606 ) (e.g., multi-section electronic document  500  as represented in FIG.  5 A 2 , where 10 document sections are separated by respective logical structure boundaries, i.e., 10 pages separated by page boundaries). 
     In some embodiments, the logical structure boundaries are row and/or column boundaries within the electronic document ( 608 ). For example, in a spreadsheet or other form of large tabular document, logical structure boundaries are row and column boundaries. 
     In some embodiments, an entire document section is displayed on the display, and the first logical structure boundary is displayed at a location selected from the group consisting of the top of the display and the bottom of the display ( 610 ) (e.g., in  FIG. 5A   1 , page 1  502 - 1 , is displayed in full on touch screen  112 , and the top page boundary associated with page 1  502 - 1 , is displayed at the top of touch screen  112 . 
     The device detects ( 612 ) a gesture on the touch-sensitive surface, wherein an initial contact of the gesture is at a location that corresponds to a first location in the electronic document, the gesture having gesture parameters that include an initial velocity (e.g., FIG.  5 A 1 , swipe gesture  506 ). The initial velocity gesture parameter may be determined by any of a number of methods, including without limitation, the velocity of the gesture at the time of liftoff, the average velocity of motion during the entire gesture, the fastest velocity detected during the gesture, average velocity above a predefined threshold, average velocity below a predefined threshold, etc. 
     In some embodiments, the gesture is a swipe gesture ( 613 ) (e.g., FIG.  5 A 1 , swipe gesture  506 ). 
     When the initial velocity of the gesture exceeds, or in some embodiments, is equal to a predefined speed threshold such that the gesture will scroll the electronic document more than one document section ( 614 ), a number of steps may be performed, as described below. 
     The device initiates ( 616 ) scrolling of the electronic document on the display at the initial velocity in accordance with an initial scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function (e.g., FIG.  5 A 3 , scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function in the form of an initial curve  514  plotted with scroll speed in the vertical axis  510  against scroll distance in the horizontal axis  516 , and scrolling initiated in response to swipe gesture  506  in FIG.  5 A 1  as represented by scroll progress mark  508  on the vertical scroll speed axis  510  in FIG.  5 A 3 ). 
     While the device scrolls the electronic document on the display, the device adjusts ( 618 ) the scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function so that when the scrolling speed becomes zero (e.g., when the scrolling speed first becomes zero, or when the scrolling speed initially becomes zero), a first logical structure boundary in the electronic document is displayed at a predefined location on the display (e.g., FIG.  5 B 3  depicts both the initial curve  514  and the adjusted curve  514 -A, which is an altered version of the scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function; the adjusted curve  514 -A has been adjusted so that the scroll distance is four pages when the scrolling speed becomes zero; as depicted in FIG.  5 D 1 , the electronic document  500  has been scrolled from page 1  500 - 1  to page 5  500 - 4  at the termination of the scrolling operation). 
     In some embodiments, adjusting the scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function occurs within a predefined time after detecting liftoff of the gesture from the touch-sensitive surface ( 620 ) (e.g., the predefined time may be zero, namely, at liftoff, or at any time following lift off, but not including substantially at, or immediately before, the end of the scrolling of the electronic document). 
     In some embodiments, adjusting the scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function is performed substantially at the time of detecting liftoff of the gesture from the touch-sensitive surface ( 622 ). 
     In some embodiments, the following method is utilized for adjusting the scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function.
         Set velocity0=the initial velocity of the gesture at liftoff.   Set offset0=the current display location offset.   Establish initialCurve=scrollingSpeed at time t, given velocity0.   Set distanceScrolledAtTime _t=∫ scrollingSpeed.   Set timeAtScrollHalt=time when initialCurve=0 (i.e., scroll halted).   Set origDestination=distance scrolled according to initialCurve+offset0 at timeAtScrollHalt.   Set destinationPage=the document section that begins closest to the middle of the display before adjusting initialCurve.   Set destinationPageTop=the top coordinate of destinationPage.   Establish adjustedCurve by modifying distanceScrolledAtTime _t so that distanceScrolledAtTime _t given velocity0 at timeAtScrollHalt+offset0=destinationPageTop, by scaling distance according to:
 
((destinationPageTop−offset0)/(origDestination−offset0))
       

     In some embodiments, the predefined location on the display of the first logical structure boundary when the scrolling speed becomes zero is selected from the group consisting of the top of the display, the middle of the display, and the bottom of the display ( 624 ). In other words, the predefined location on the display that the first logical structure boundary will be displayed at is the top or bottom of the display, or in some embodiments, the middle of the page. This can result in a document section, or page, having its first logical structure boundary, or page break, displayed at the top of the display. Alternatively, this can result in a document section, or page, having its first logical structure boundary, or page break, displayed at the bottom of the display. In some alternative embodiments, this can result in a document section, or page, having its first logical structure boundary, or page break, displayed in the middle of the display. 
     In some embodiments, the predefined location is coincident with an extremum of the display. In some embodiments, the page is displayed with the first logical structure boundary, or page break, at an edge of the display, and at least a portion of the first logical structure boundary, or page break, is visibly displayed. In some embodiments, substantially all of a page is displayed on the display, and the first logical structure boundary, or page break, is not visibly displayed because its location within the electronic document is adjacent to and beyond an edge of the display. For example, in  FIG. 5A , the user interface  5 A 1  illustrates that page 1  500 - 1  is displayed on touch screen  112 , where page 1  500 - 1 &#39;s upper logical structure boundary, or top edge of page 1, is at the top edge of touch screen  112 , while page 1  500 - 1 &#39;s lower logical structure boundary, or bottom edge of page 1, is at the bottom edge of touch screen  112 . In this example, page 1  500 - 1 &#39;s logical structure boundaries are not visibly displayed on touch screen  112 . 
     Turning briefly to  FIG. 7A , UI  700 A illustrates that page 1  500 - 1  is displayed on touch screen  112 , and at least a portion of page 1  500 - 1 &#39;s upper logical structure boundary  500 - 1 -A and at least a portion of lower logical structure boundary  500 - 1 -B are displayed at the top and bottom extremums of touch screen  112 , respectively. For example, the magnified representation  7 A 1  of the bottom of touch screen  112  illustrates that above the bottom edge  112 -A of touch screen  112 , the bottom edge  500 - 1 -B of page 1  500 - 1  is displayed at the edge of page  500 - 1 . 
     Alternatively, in some embodiments, such as that illustrated in  FIG. 7B , a page fully displayed on the display may include visibly displayed logical structure boundaries. For example, the magnified representation  7 B 1  of the bottom of touch screen  112  illustrates that above the bottom edge  112 -A of touch screen  112 , a small portion of page 2  500 - 2  is visible, along with its respective upper logical structure boundary  500 - 2 -A. Above upper logical structure boundary  500 - 2 -A, the lower logical structure boundary  500 - 1 -B of page 1  500 - 1  is displayed at the edge of page  500 - 1 . 
     Returning to the discussion of method  600 , in some embodiments, the device uses one or more of a gesture acceleration value, the initial velocity, and a gesture distance, to calculate the adjusted scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function ( 626 ). 
     The device scrolls ( 628 ) the electronic document in accordance with the adjusted scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function (e.g., swipe gesture  506  in FIG.  5 A 1 , followed by scrolling progress as depicted in FIG.  5 B 1 , FIG.  5 C 1 , and FIG.  5 D 1 , and scroll progress mark  508  along adjusted curve  514 -A in FIG.  5 B 3 , FIG.  5 C 3  and FIG.  5 D 3 , respectively). 
     When the initial velocity of the gesture is below the predefined speed threshold scroll, however, the electronic document is scrolled in accordance with the initial scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function ( 630 ) (e.g., FIG.  5 E 1 , swipe gesture  522  and initial curve  524  for the scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function is used during electronic document  500  scrolling, followed by scrolling progress as depicted in FIG.  5 F 1 , and FIG.  5 G 1 , and scroll progress mark  508  along initial curve  524  in FIG.  5 E 3 , and FIG.  5 G 3 , respectively). 
     In some embodiments, the device foregoes ( 632 ) adjusting the scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function when the electronic document is displayed at a magnification level greater than a predefined magnification level (e.g., a magnification greater than 1.0×, or any suitable magnification level) (see, e.g., FIG.  5 J 1 , where electronic document  500  is magnified, and the swipe gesture  534  is detected, but as indicated by  5 J 3 , the initial curve  536  is determined, and the document is scrolled in accordance with the initial curve  536  as depicted in FIG.  5 K 3 ). 
     While the device is scrolling the electronic document on the display ( 634 ), the device detects ( 636 ) a touch gesture on the touch sensitive surface at a location corresponding to a location in the electronic document (e.g., FIG.  5 M 3  scroll progress mark  508  indicates that electronic document  500  is being scrolled in accordance with adjusted curve  524 -A, when a touch gesture  546  is detected as depicted in FIG.  5 M 1 ). 
     In some embodiments, the device terminates ( 638 ) scrolling of the electronic document on the display in response to detecting the touch gesture on the touch sensitive surface at the location corresponding to the executable icon in the electronic document (e.g., as depicted in FIG.  5 N 1 , the electronic document  500  stopped scrolling in response to touch gesture  546  depicted in FIG.  5 M 1 , as indicated by both  5 M 1  and  5 N 1  displaying the same portion of the electronic document  500 ). 
     The device determines ( 640 ) that the location of the touch gesture corresponds to an executable icon within the electronic document (e.g., touch gesture  546  is detected as depicted in FIG.  5 M 1 , and this corresponds to the location of executable icon  546 ). 
     The device then executes ( 642 ) a function associated with the executable icon (e.g., the device  100  follows web links and/or executes function(s), program features, or predefined executable code associated with the executable icon  546  (not depicted in the figures)). 
     In some embodiments, when the device adjusts ( 644 ) the scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function, the adjustment process comprises the following steps. The device determines ( 646 ) a point in the electronic document that corresponds to a total distance to be scrolled from the first location in the electronic document in accordance with the initial scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function. The device identifies ( 648 ) a document section in the plurality of document sections that contains the point in the electronic document. The device identifies ( 650 ) a logical structure boundary associated with the determined point (e.g., the logical structure boundary associated with the determined point may be the logical structure boundary closest to the determined point, the logical structure boundary immediately above the determined point, or the logical structure boundary immediately below the determined point). The device then adjusts ( 652 ) the scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function so the scrolling of the electronic document will end when the identified logical structure boundary is displayed at an extremum of the display. 
     If the gesture was substantially vertical, the identified logical structure boundary is displayed at a top or bottom extremum of the display. If the gesture was substantially horizontal, the identified logical structure boundary is displayed at a right or left extremum of the display. 
     Note that many of the details of the processes described above with respect to method  600  (e.g.,  FIGS. 6A-6C ) can also be used in an analogous manner to the methods  660  and  680  described below. For brevity, these details are not repeated below. 
       FIG. 6D  is a flow diagram illustrating a method  660  of scrolling multi-section documents in accordance with heuristics for improved electronic document display in accordance with some embodiments. The method  660  is performed at a multifunction device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG. 3 , or portable multifunction device  100 ,  FIG. 1 ) with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is a touch screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method  660  may be combined and/or the order of some operations may be changed. 
     As described below, the method  660  provides an intuitive way for users to scroll multi-section documents for improved electronic document display, yet without the need for user recognition of any particular heuristics. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when scrolling multi-section documents, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated computing devices, enabling a user to scroll multi-section documents faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     The device displays ( 662 ) on the display an electronic document that includes a plurality of document sections separated by respective logical structure boundaries (e.g., FIG.  5 A 1 , electronic document  500  displayed on touch screen  112 , and multi-section electronic document  500  as represented in FIG.  5 A 2 , where 10 document sections are separated by respective logical structure boundaries, i.e., 10 pages separated by page boundaries). 
     The device detects ( 664 ) a gesture on the touch-sensitive surface, wherein an initial contact of the gesture is at a location that corresponds to a first location in the electronic document, the gesture having gesture parameters that include an initial velocity (e.g., FIG.  5 A 1 , swipe gesture  506 ). 
     When the initial velocity of the gesture exceeds or is equal to a predefined speed threshold such that the gesture will scroll the electronic document more than one document section ( 666 ), a number of steps may be performed, as described below. 
     The device initiates ( 668 ) scrolling of the electronic document on the display at the initial velocity in accordance with an initial scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function (e.g., FIG.  5 A 3 , scrolling speed versus scrolling distance function in the form of an initial curve  514  plotted with scroll speed in the vertical axis  510  against scroll distance in the horizontal axis  516 , and scrolling initiated in response to swipe gesture  506  in FIG.  5 A 1  as represented by scroll progress mark  508  on the vertical scroll speed axis  510  in FIG.  5 A 3 ). 
     While scrolling the electronic document on the display, the device determines ( 670 ) a total scrolling distance based on the initial velocity, wherein the total scrolling distance is adjusted to correspond to a first logical structure boundary in the electronic document (e.g.,  FIG. 5O  illustrates that the device adjusted total scrolling distance corresponds to a first logical structure boundary in the electronic document  500 , i.e., adjusted curve  552 -A in FIG.  5 O 3  ends at a logical structure boundary corresponding to approximately six and two-thirds pages scrolled). 
     In some embodiments, the device performs adjustments ( 672 ) of the total scrolling distance substantially at the time of detecting liftoff of the gesture from the touch-sensitive surface. 
     The device then scrolls ( 674 ) the electronic document for the total scrolling distance (e.g., FIG.  5 O 1  where electronic document  500  displays page 2  500 - 2  with its respective page boundaries at the extremums of the display  112 , and  5 O 3 , where the scroll progress mark  508  is on the adjusted curve  552 -A at zero velocity with respect to scroll speed axis  510 , and at approximately six and two-thirds document sections with respect to the scroll distance axis  516 ). 
       FIG. 6E  is a flow diagram illustrating a method  680  of scrolling multi-section documents in accordance with heuristics for improved electronic document display in accordance with some embodiments. The method  680  is performed at a multifunction device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG. 3 , or portable multifunction device  100 ,  FIG. 1 ) with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is a touch screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method  680  may be combined and/or the order of some operations may be changed. 
     As described below, the method  680  provides an intuitive way for users to scroll multi-section documents for improved electronic document display, yet without the need for user recognition of any particular heuristics. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when scrolling multi-section documents, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated computing devices, enabling a user to scroll multi-section documents faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     The device displays ( 682 ) on the display an electronic document that includes a plurality of document sections separated by respective logical structure boundaries (e.g., FIG.  5 A 1 , electronic document  500  displayed on touch screen  112 , and multi-section electronic document  500  as represented in FIG.  5 A 2 , where 10 document sections are separated by respective logical structure boundaries, i.e., 10 pages separated by page boundaries). 
     The device detects ( 684 ) a gesture on the touch-sensitive surface, the detected gesture corresponding to a scroll of the electronic document having a scrolling distance that is more than one document section (e.g., FIG.  5 A 1 , swipe gesture  506 ). 
     In response to detecting the gesture ( 686 ), the device initiates ( 688 ) scrolling of the electronic document on the display (e.g., FIG.  5 A 3 , scrolling is represented by initial curve  514  plotted with scroll speed in the vertical axis  510  against scroll distance in the horizontal axis  516 , and scrolling initiated in response to swipe gesture  506  in FIG.  5 A 1  as represented by scroll progress mark  508  on the vertical scroll speed axis  510  in FIG.  5 A 3 ). 
     While scrolling the electronic document on the display, the device adjusts ( 690 ) the scrolling distance so that when the scrolling stops, a first logical structure boundary in the electronic document will be at a predefined location on the display (e.g., FIG.  5 B 3  depicts both the initial curve  514  and the adjusted curve  514 -A, which alters the scrolling distance so that the scroll distance is four pages when the scrolling stops, and thus, a logical structure boundary will be a predefined location on the display, i.e., the top of touch screen  112 ). 
     In some embodiments, adjustment of the scrolling distance is performed substantially at the time of detecting liftoff of the gesture from the touch-sensitive surface ( 692 ). 
     The device scrolls ( 694 ) the electronic document in accordance with the adjusted scrolling distance (e.g., swipe gesture  506  in FIG.  5 A 1 , followed by scrolling progress as depicted in FIG.  5 B 1 , FIG.  5 C 1 , and FIG.  5 D 1 , and scroll progress mark  508  along adjusted curve  514 -A in FIG.  5 B 3 , FIG.  5 C 3  and FIG.  5 D 3 , respectively). 
     The steps in the information processing methods described above may be implemented by running one or more functional modules in information processing apparatus such as general purpose processors or application specific chips. These modules, combinations of these modules, and/or their combination with general hardware (e.g., as described above with respect to  FIGS. 1A, 1B and 3 ) are all included within the scope of protection of the invention. 
     The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20140107
Publication Date: 20160906
Grant Date: 20160906
Priority Date: 20090925
Inventors: MARR JASON ROBERT
LEFFERT AKIVA
RAPP PETER WILLIAM
WEELDREYER CHRISTOPHER DOUGLAS
CAPELA JAY CHRISTOPHER
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0485", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04817", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04842", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04817", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04842", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0485", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 42937066