PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-11128032-B2
Application Number: US-201916537220-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Electronic devices having multi-band antennas

Abstract:
An electronic device may be provided with a housing, a logic board, and wireless circuitry on the logic board. The wireless circuitry may include first and second antennas formed from conductive traces on a surface of the logic board. The first and second antennas may include resonating element arms at opposing sides of the logic board. The first antenna may have a fundamental mode that radiates in a Bluetooth® communications band at 2.4 GHz. The second antenna may radiate in a first ultra-wideband communications band such as a 6.5 GHz ultra-wideband communications band. If desired, the second antenna may also radiate in a second ultra-wideband communications band such as an 8.0 GHz ultra-wideband communications band. In another suitable arrangement, a harmonic mode of the first antenna may radiate in the second ultra-wideband communications band.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An electronic device comprising:
 a housing; 
 a logic board in the housing; 
 ground traces on a surface of the logic board; 
 a first antenna having a first resonating element arm and a first antenna feed, wherein the first resonating element arm is formed from first conductive traces on the surface of the logic board, the first antenna feed being coupled between the first resonating element arm and the ground traces; and 
 a second antenna having a second resonating element arm and a second antenna feed, wherein the second resonating element arm is formed from second conductive traces on the surface of the logic board, the second antenna feed is coupled between the second resonating element arm and the ground traces, the first antenna is configured to radiate in an ultra-wideband communications band, and the second antenna is configured to radiate in a non-ultra-wideband communications band. 
 
     
     
       2. The electronic device defined in  claim 1 , wherein the first resonating element arm comprises a first inverted-F antenna resonating element arm and the second resonating element arm comprises a second inverted-F antenna resonating element arm. 
     
     
       3. The electronic device defined in  claim 2 , wherein the first conductive traces comprise a first return path that shorts the first inverted-F antenna resonating element arm to the ground traces, the second conductive traces comprise a second return path that shorts the second inverted-F antenna resonating element arm to the ground traces, wherein the first inverted-F antenna resonating element arm has a first tip that faces the second return path, and the second inverted-F antenna resonating element arm has a second tip that faces the first return path. 
     
     
       4. The electronic device defined in  claim 3 , wherein the first and second inverted-F antenna resonating element arms are formed on opposing sides of the ground traces. 
     
     
       5. The electronic device defined in  claim 4 , wherein the first and second inverted-F antenna resonating element arms are curved. 
     
     
       6. The electronic device defined in  claim 5 , wherein the housing comprises a front wall, a rear wall, and a cylindrical sidewall extending from the rear wall to the front wall. 
     
     
       7. The electronic device defined in  claim 6 , wherein the logic board has a lateral outline with a shape that conforms to the cylindrical sidewall, the first and second inverted-F antenna resonating element arms extending parallel to a surface of the cylindrical sidewall. 
     
     
       8. The electronic device defined in  claim 6 , further comprising attachment structures configured to secure the rear wall to an external object. 
     
     
       9. The electronic device defined in  claim 1 , wherein the non-ultra-wideband communications band comprises a Bluetooth® communications band and the ultra-wideband communications band comprises a frequency greater than 5.0 GHz. 
     
     
       10. The electronic device defined in  claim 9 , wherein the first antenna is further configured to radiate in an additional ultra-wideband communications band that comprises frequencies greater than the ultra-wideband communications band. 
     
     
       11. The electronic device defined in  claim 10 , wherein the first antenna resonating element arm has a fundamental mode that radiates in the Bluetooth® communications band and a third order harmonic mode that radiates in the additional ultra-wideband communications band. 
     
     
       12. The electronic device defined in  claim 11 , further comprising:
 a Bluetooth® transceiver mounted to the logic board and coupled to the first antenna; and 
 an ultra-wideband transceiver mounted to the logic board and coupled to the first and second antennas. 
 
     
     
       13. The electronic device defined in  claim 12 , wherein the ultra-wideband communications band comprises 6.5 GHz and the additional ultra-wideband communications band comprises 8.0 GHz. 
     
     
       14. The electronic device defined in  claim 9 , wherein the second antenna is further configured to radiate in an additional ultra-wideband communications band that comprises frequencies greater than the ultra-wideband communications band. 
     
     
       15. The electronic device defined in  claim 14 , further comprising:
 a Bluetooth® transceiver mounted to the logic board and coupled to the first antenna; and 
 an ultra-wideband transceiver mounted to the logic board and coupled to the second antenna, wherein the ultra-wideband communications band comprises 6.5 GHz and the additional ultra-wideband communications band comprises 8.0 GHz. 
 
     
     
       16. An electronic device comprising:
 a housing having a rear wall, a front wall, and a sidewall extending from the rear wall to the front wall about a central axis of the electronic device; 
 a printed circuit board in the housing, the printed circuit board being configured to receive a battery that powers the electronic device; 
 ground traces on a surface of the printed circuit board; 
 a first inverted-F antenna that includes the ground traces and a first resonating element arm formed from first conductive traces on the surface of the printed circuit board, wherein the first resonating element arm has a fundamental mode that radiates in a communications band that includes 2.4 GHz, the first resonating element arm having a harmonic mode that radiates in a first ultra-wideband communications band; and 
 a second inverted-F antenna that includes the ground traces and a second resonating element arm formed from second conductive traces on the surface of the printed circuit board, the second resonating element arm being configured to radiate in a second ultra-wideband communications band that is lower in frequency than the first ultra-wideband communications band. 
 
     
     
       17. The electronic device defined in  claim 16 , wherein the first and second resonating element arms are located at opposing sides of the ground traces and extend in the same direction about the central axis of the electronic device, the first ultra-wideband communications band comprises 8.0 GHz, and the second ultra-wideband communications band comprises 6.5 GHz. 
     
     
       18. An electronic device, comprising:
 a housing having a rear wall, a front wall opposite the rear wall, and a cylindrical sidewall that extends from the rear wall to the front wall about an axis; 
 a logic board in the housing and having a surface, wherein the logic board has a lateral outline that conforms to the cylindrical sidewall; 
 ground traces on the surface; 
 a first inverted-F antenna resonating element arm formed from first conductive traces on the surface; and 
 a second inverted-F antenna resonating element arm formed from second conductive traces on the surface, wherein the first and second inverted-F antenna resonating element arms are curved about the axis, the first inverted-F antenna is configured to radiate in a 2.4 GHz communications band, and the second inverted-F antenna is configured to radiate in a first ultra-wideband communications band that comprises 6.5 GHz and a second ultra-wideband communications band that comprises 8.0 GHz. 
 
     
     
       19. The electronic device defined in  claim 18 , further comprising:
 a first return path that couples the first inverted-F antenna resonating element arm to the ground traces, wherein the first inverted-F antenna resonating element arm has a first tip opposite the first return path; and 
 a second return path that couples the second inverted-F antenna resonating element arm to the ground traces, wherein the second inverted-F antenna resonating element arm has a second tip opposite the second return path, the first tip faces the second return path about the axis, and the second tip faces the first return path about the axis. 
 
     
     
       20. The electronic device defined in  claim 18 , wherein the cylindrical sidewall has a diameter that is less than 8 cm, the cylindrical sidewall has a height that is less than 2 cm, and the electronic device does not have any display pixel circuitry.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     This relates to electronic devices and, more particularly, to electronic devices with wireless communications circuitry. 
     Electronic devices often include wireless communications circuitry. For example, cellular telephones, computers, and other devices often contain antennas and wireless transceivers for supporting wireless communications. Some electronic devices perform location detection operations to detect the location of an external device based on an angle of arrival of signals received from the external device (using multiple antennas). 
     To satisfy consumer demand for small form factor wireless devices, manufacturers are continually striving to implement wireless communications circuitry such as antenna components for performing location detection operations using compact structures. At the same time, there is a desire for wireless devices to cover a growing number of frequency bands. 
     Because antennas have the potential to interfere with each other and with components in a wireless device, care must be taken when incorporating antennas into an electronic device. Moreover, care must be taken to ensure that the antennas and wireless circuitry in a device are able to exhibit satisfactory performance over the desired range of operating frequencies. 
     It would therefore be desirable to be able to provide improved wireless communications circuitry for wireless electronic devices. 
     SUMMARY 
     An electronic device may be provided with a housing, a logic board in the housing, and wireless circuitry on the logic board. The wireless circuitry may include first and second antennas. The first antenna may have a first resonating element arm formed from first conductive traces on a surface of the logic board. The second antenna may have a second resonating element arm formed from second conductive traces on the surface of the logic board. Ground traces for the first and second antennas may be patterned on the surface of the logic board. 
     The first and second resonating element arms may be coupled to the ground traces by respective first and second return paths. The first and second resonating element arms may be located at opposing sides of the ground traces. The first resonating element arm may have a tip facing the return path for the second resonating element arm. The second resonating element arm may have a tip facing the return path for the first resonating element arm. The housing may have a rear wall, a front wall, and a cylindrical sidewall extending from the rear wall to the front wall. The logic board may have an outline that conforms to the shape of the cylindrical sidewall. The first and second resonating elements may be curved about a central axis of the electronic device. 
     The first antenna may have a fundamental mode that radiates in a non-ultra-wideband communications band such as the Bluetooth® communications band at 2.4 GHz. The second antenna may radiate in a first ultra-wideband communications band such as a 6.5 GHz ultra-wideband communications band. If desired, the second antenna may also radiate in a second ultra-wideband communications band such as an 8.0 GHz ultra-wideband communications band. In another suitable arrangement, a harmonic mode of the first antenna may radiate in the second ultra-wideband communications band. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram of illustrative circuitry in an electronic device that is configured to wirelessly communicate with external equipment in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram of illustrative wireless circuitry in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic diagram of illustrative inverted-F antenna structures in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 4  is a diagram showing how external equipment may identify the location of an illustrative electronic device relative to the external equipment (e.g., range and angle of arrival) in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 5  is a perspective view of an illustrative electronic device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 6  is a cross-sectional side view of an illustrative electronic device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 7  is a cross-sectional bottom view of an illustrative electronic device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 8 and 9  are plots of antenna performance (antenna efficiency) for antennas of the types shown in  FIGS. 1-7  in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Electronic devices such as electronic device  10  of  FIG. 1  may be provided with wireless circuitry (sometimes referred to herein as wireless communications circuitry). The wireless circuitry may be used to support wireless communications in multiple wireless communications bands. Communications bands (sometimes referred to herein as frequency bands) handled by the wireless circuitry can include satellite navigation system communications bands, cellular telephone communications bands, wireless local area network communications bands, near-field communications bands, ultra-wideband communications bands, or other wireless communications bands. 
     Electronic device  10  may be a portable electronic device or other suitable electronic device. For example, electronic device  10  may be a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a somewhat smaller device such as a wrist-watch device, pendant device, headphone device, earpiece device, wireless tag device, wireless tracking device (e.g., a tracking tag), or other miniature or wearable device, a larger handheld device such as a cellular telephone, a media player, or other small portable device. Device  10  may also be a set-top box, a desktop computer, a display into which a computer or other processing circuitry has been integrated, a display without an integrated computer, a wireless access point, a wireless base station, an electronic device incorporated into a kiosk, building, or vehicle, or other suitable electronic equipment. 
     As shown in the schematic diagram  FIG. 1 , device  10  may include components located on or within an electronic device housing such as housing  12 . Housing  12 , which may sometimes be referred to as a case, may be formed of plastic, glass, ceramics, fiber composites, metal (e.g., stainless steel, aluminum, etc.), other suitable materials, or a combination of these materials. In some situations, parts or all of housing  12  may be formed from dielectric or other low-conductivity material (e.g., glass, ceramic, plastic, sapphire, etc.). In other situations, housing  12  or at least some of the structures that make up housing  12  may be formed from metal elements. 
     Device  10  may include control circuitry  28 . Control circuitry  28  may include storage such as storage circuitry  24  and processing circuitry such as processing circuitry  26 . Storage circuitry  24  may include hard disk drive storage, nonvolatile memory (e.g., flash memory or other electrically-programmable-read-only memory configured to form a solid-state drive), volatile memory (e.g., static or dynamic random-access-memory), etc. Processing circuitry  26  may be used to control the operation of device  10 . Processing circuitry  26  may include one or more microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, host processors, baseband processor integrated circuits, application specific integrated circuits, central processing units (CPUs), etc. Control circuitry  28  may be configured to perform operations in device  10  using hardware (e.g., dedicated hardware or circuitry), firmware, and/or software. Software code for performing operations in device  10  may be stored on storage circuitry  24  (e.g., storage circuitry  24  may include non-transitory (tangible) computer readable storage media that stores the software code). The software code may sometimes be referred to as program instructions, software, data, instructions, or code. Software code stored on storage circuitry  24  may be executed by processing circuitry  26 . 
     Control circuitry  28  may be used to run software on device  10  such as external node location applications, satellite navigation applications, internet browsing applications, voice-over-internet-protocol (VOIP) telephone call applications, email applications, media playback applications, operating system functions, etc. To support interactions with external equipment, control circuitry  28  may be used in implementing communications protocols. Communications protocols that may be implemented using control circuitry  28  include internet protocols, wireless local area network protocols (e.g., IEEE 802.11 protocols—sometimes referred to as Wi-Fi®), protocols for other short-range wireless communications links such as the Bluetooth® protocol or other WPAN protocols, IEEE 802.11ad protocols, cellular telephone protocols, MIMO protocols, antenna diversity protocols, satellite navigation system protocols (e.g., global positioning system (GPS) protocols, global navigation satellite system (GLONASS) protocols, etc.), IEEE 802.15.4 ultra-wideband communications protocols or other ultra-wideband communications protocols, etc. Each communications protocol may be associated with a corresponding radio access technology (RAT) that specifies the physical connection methodology used in implementing the protocol. 
     Device  10  may be powered using a battery such as battery  14 . In one suitable arrangement, battery  14  is a removable battery that can be removed and replaced by a user upon depletion of charge on battery  14  (e.g., housing  12  may include a port or opening through which a user can access battery  14  for replacement). In another suitable arrangement, battery  14  may be a rechargeable. In this scenario, device  10  may include optional charging circuitry  16  that charges battery  14  over path  18 . Optional charging circuitry  16  may receive power from an alternating-current power source such as a wired power source (e.g., a wall outlet or other wired power source) or may receive wireless power over the air (e.g., using a near-field charging element such as an inductive coil) and may use this power to charge battery  14  or to otherwise power the components of device  10 . Charging circuitry  16  and path  18  may be omitted in scenarios where battery  14  is replaced upon depletion of charge. 
     Device  10  may include input-output circuitry  30 . Input-output circuitry  30  may include input-output devices  32 . Input-output devices  32  may be used to allow data to be supplied to device  10  and to allow data to be provided from device  10  to external devices. Input-output devices  32  may include user interface devices, data port devices, sensors, and other input-output components. For example, input-output devices may include touch screens, displays without touch sensor capabilities, buttons, joysticks, scrolling wheels, touch pads, key pads, keyboards, microphones, cameras, speakers, status indicators, light sources, audio jacks and other audio port components, digital data port devices, light sensors, gyroscopes, accelerometers or other components that can detect motion and device orientation relative to the Earth, capacitance sensors, proximity sensors (e.g., a capacitive proximity sensor and/or an infrared proximity sensor), magnetic sensors, and other sensors and input-output components. 
     In one suitable arrangement that is sometimes described herein as an example, device  10  may be formed without any display (e.g., without an LCD display, touch screen display, any other type of display having display pixel circuitry, etc.) to minimize the manufacturing cost and complexity for device  10 . This may also allow device  10  to exhibit a relatively small size while consuming relatively little power (e.g., device  10  may be only a few centimeters or less in diameter). In this scenario, input-output devices  32  may include one or more speakers, one or more buttons, and/or one or more status indicator lights. However, these components may be omitted if desired. 
     Input-output circuitry  30  may include wireless circuitry such as wireless circuitry  34  (sometimes referred to herein as wireless communications circuitry  34 ) for wirelessly conveying radio-frequency signals  22  to and/or from external equipment  20 . External equipment  20  may be a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a somewhat smaller device such as a wrist-watch device, pendant device, headphone device, earpiece device, wireless tag device, wireless tracking device (e.g., a tracking tag), or other miniature or wearable device, a larger handheld device such as a cellular telephone, a media player, or other small portable device, a set-top box, a desktop computer, a display into which a computer or other processing circuitry has been integrated, a display without an integrated computer, a wireless access point, a wireless base station, an electronic device incorporated into a kiosk, building, or vehicle, or other suitable electronic equipment. To support wireless communications, wireless circuitry  34  may include radio-frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry formed from one or more integrated circuits, power amplifier circuitry, low-noise input amplifiers, passive RF components, one or more antennas such as antennas  40 , transmission lines, and other circuitry for handling RF wireless signals. Wireless signals can also be sent using light (e.g., using infrared communications). 
     While control circuitry  28  is shown separately from wireless circuitry  34  in the example of  FIG. 1  for the sake of clarity, wireless circuitry  34  may include processing circuitry that forms a part of processing circuitry  26  and/or storage circuitry that forms a part of storage circuitry  24  of control circuitry  28  (e.g., portions of control circuitry  28  may be implemented on wireless circuitry  34 ). As an example, control circuitry  28  (e.g., processing circuitry  26 ) may include baseband processor circuitry or other control components that form a part of wireless circuitry  34 . 
     Wireless circuitry  34  may include radio-frequency transceiver circuitry for handling various radio-frequency communications bands. For example, wireless circuitry  34  may include ultra-wideband (UWB) transceiver circuitry  36  that supports communications using the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol and/or other ultra-wideband communications protocols. Ultra-wideband radio-frequency signals may be based on an impulse radio signaling scheme that uses band-limited data pulses. Ultra-wideband signals may have any desired bandwidths such as bandwidths between 499 MHz and 1331 MHz, bandwidths greater than 500 MHz, etc. The presence of lower frequencies in the baseband may sometimes allow ultra-wideband signals to penetrate through objects such as walls. In an IEEE 802.15.4 system, a pair of electronic devices may exchange wireless time stamped messages. Time stamps in the messages may be analyzed to determine the time of flight of the messages and thereby determine the distance (range) between the devices and/or an angle between the devices (e.g., an angle of arrival of incoming radio-frequency signals). Ultra-wideband transceiver circuitry  36  may operate (convey radio-frequency signals) in communications bands such as one or more ultra-wideband communications bands between about 5 GHz and about 8.3 GHz (e.g., a 6.5 GHz UWB communications band, an 8 GHz UWB communications band, and/or bands at other suitable frequencies). 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , wireless circuitry  34  may also include non-UWB transceiver circuitry  38 . Non-UWB transceiver circuitry  38  may handle communications bands other than UWB communications bands such as 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands for Wi-Fi® (IEEE 802.11) communications or communications in other wireless local area network (WLAN) bands, the 2.4 GHz Bluetooth® communications band or other wireless personal area network (WPAN) bands, and/or cellular telephone frequency bands such as a cellular low band (LB) from 600 to 960 MHz, a cellular low-midband (LMB) from 1410 to 1510 MHz, a cellular midband (MB) from 1710 to 2170 MHz, a cellular high band (HB) from 2300 to 2700 MHz, a cellular ultra-high band (UHB) from 3300 to 5000 MHz, or other communications bands between 600 MHz and 5000 MHz or other suitable frequencies (as examples). 
     Non-UWB transceiver circuitry  38  may handle voice data and non-voice data. Wireless circuitry  34  may include circuitry for other short-range and long-range wireless links if desired. For example, wireless circuitry  34  may include 60 GHz transceiver circuitry (e.g., millimeter wave transceiver circuitry), circuitry for receiving television and radio signals, paging system transceivers, near field communications (NFC) circuitry, etc. 
     In one suitable arrangement that is sometimes described herein as an example, non-UWB transceiver  38  only includes a radio-frequency transceiver for covering the 2.4 GHz Bluetooth® communications band, other wireless personal area network (WPAN) bands, or a WLAN band at 2.4 GHz. This may serve to minimize space consumption by wireless circuitry  34  within device  10 , thereby allowing device  10  to be further reduced in size relative to scenarios where additional transceivers are used. Device  10  may use radio-frequency signals in the 2.4 GHz Bluetooth® communications band to convey data to and/or from external equipment  20 . At the same time, UWB transceiver circuitry  36  may convey radio-frequency signals in one or more UWB communications bands to allow external equipment  20  to perform range detection and angle-of-arrival detection operations on device  10  (e.g., so that external equipment  20  may identify the location of device  10  relative to external equipment  20 ). In other words, radio-frequency signals  22  of  FIG. 1  may include radio-frequency signals in the Bluetooth® communications band and radio-frequency signals in one or more UWB communications bands that are conveyed by wireless circuitry  34 . 
     Wireless circuitry  34  may include antennas  40 . Antennas  40  may be formed using any suitable types of antenna structures. For example, antennas  40  may include antennas with resonating elements that are formed from loop antenna structures, patch antenna structures, inverted-F antenna structures, slot antenna structures, planar inverted-F antenna structures, helical antenna structures, dipole antenna structures, monopole antenna structures, hybrids of two or more of these designs, etc. If desired, one or more of antennas  40  may be cavity-backed antennas. 
     Different types of antennas may be used for different bands and combinations of bands. For example, one type of antenna may be used in forming a local wireless link antenna and another type of antenna may be used in forming a remote wireless link antenna. Dedicated antennas may be used for conveying radio-frequency signals in a UWB communications band or, if desired, antennas  40  can be configured to convey both radio-frequency signals in a UWB communications band and radio-frequency signals in a non-UWB communications band (e.g., the Bluetooth® communications band). 
     Space is often at a premium in electronic devices such as device  10 . In order to further minimize space consumption within device  10 , the same antenna  40  may be used to cover multiple communications (frequency) bands. In one suitable arrangement that is described herein as an example, antennas  40  may include a first and second antennas. The first antenna may convey radio-frequency signals in a first communications band whereas the second antenna conveys radio-frequency signals in second and third communications bands. Examples of communications bands that may be used as the first, second, and third communications bands include the 2.4 GHz Bluetooth® frequency band, the 6.5 GHz UWB communications band (e.g., including frequencies from 6250 MHz to 6750 MHz), and the 8.0 GHz UWB communications band (e.g., including frequencies from 7750 to 8250 MHz). This is merely illustrative. Any desired UWB communications bands may be used. Radio-frequency signals that are conveyed in UWB communications bands (e.g., using a UWB protocol) may sometimes be referred to herein as UWB signals or UWB radio-frequency signals. Radio-frequency signals in frequency bands other than the UWB communications bands (e.g., radio-frequency signals in cellular telephone frequency bands, WPAN frequency bands, WLAN frequency bands, etc.) may sometimes be referred to herein as non-UWB signals or non-UWB radio-frequency signals. 
     A schematic diagram of wireless circuitry  34  is shown in  FIG. 2 . As shown in  FIG. 2 , wireless circuitry  34  may include transceiver circuitry  42  (e.g., UWB transceiver circuitry  36  or non-UWB transceiver circuitry  38  of  FIG. 1 ) that is coupled to a given antenna  40  using a radio-frequency transmission line path such as radio-frequency transmission line path  50 . 
     To provide antenna structures such as antenna  40  with the ability to cover different frequencies of interest, antenna  40  may be provided with circuitry such as filter circuitry (e.g., one or more passive filters and/or one or more tunable filter circuits). Discrete components such as capacitors, inductors, and resistors may be incorporated into the filter circuitry. Capacitive structures, inductive structures, and resistive structures may also be formed from patterned metal structures (e.g., part of an antenna). If desired, antenna  40  may be provided with adjustable circuits such as tunable components that tune the antenna over communications (frequency) bands of interest. The tunable components may be part of a tunable filter or tunable impedance matching network, may be part of an antenna resonating element, may span a gap between an antenna resonating element and antenna ground, etc. If desired, antenna  40  may be formed without active tuning or switching circuitry to minimize manufacturing cost and complexity as well as space consumption within device  10 . 
     Radio-frequency transmission line path  50  may include one or more radio-frequency transmission lines (sometimes referred to herein simply as transmission lines). Radio-frequency transmission line path  50  (e.g., the transmission lines in radio-frequency transmission line path  50 ) may include a positive signal conductor such as positive signal conductor  52  and a ground signal conductor such as ground conductor  54 . 
     The transmission lines in radio-frequency transmission line path  50  may, for example, include coaxial cable transmission lines (e.g., ground conductor  54  may be implemented as a grounded conductive braid surrounding signal conductor  52  along its length), stripline transmission lines (e.g., where ground conductor  54  extends along two sides of signal conductor  52 ), a microstrip transmission line (e.g., where ground conductor  54  extends along one side of signal conductor  52 ), coaxial probes realized by a metalized via, edge-coupled microstrip transmission lines, edge-coupled stripline transmission lines, waveguide structures (e.g., coplanar waveguides or grounded coplanar waveguides), combinations of these types of transmission lines and/or other transmission line structures, etc. 
     Transmission lines in radio-frequency transmission line path  50  may be integrated into rigid and/or flexible printed circuit boards. In one suitable arrangement, radio-frequency transmission line path  50  may include transmission line conductors (e.g., signal conductors  52  and ground conductors  54 ) integrated within multilayer laminated structures (e.g., layers of a conductive material such as copper and a dielectric material such as a resin that are laminated together without intervening adhesive). The multilayer laminated structures may, if desired, be folded or bent in multiple dimensions (e.g., two or three dimensions) and may maintain a bent or folded shape after bending (e.g., the multilayer laminated structures may be folded into a particular three-dimensional shape to route around other device components and may be rigid enough to hold its shape after folding without being held in place by stiffeners or other structures). All of the multiple layers of the laminated structures may be batch laminated together (e.g., in a single pressing process) without adhesive (e.g., as opposed to performing multiple pressing processes to laminate multiple layers together with adhesive). 
     A matching network may include components such as inductors, resistors, and capacitors used in matching the impedance of antenna  40  to the impedance of radio-frequency transmission line path  50 . Matching network components may be provided as discrete components (e.g., surface mount technology components) or may be formed from housing structures, printed circuit board structures, traces on plastic supports, etc. Components such as these may also be used in forming filter circuitry in antenna(s)  40  and may be tunable and/or fixed components. 
     Radio-frequency transmission line path  50  may be coupled to antenna feed structures associated with antenna  40 . As an example, antenna  40  may form an inverted-F antenna, a planar inverted-F antenna, a patch antenna, or other antenna having an antenna feed  44  with a positive antenna feed terminal such as terminal  46  and a ground antenna feed terminal such as ground antenna feed terminal  48 . Signal conductor  52  may be coupled to positive antenna feed terminal  46  and ground conductor  54  may be coupled to ground antenna feed terminal  48 . Other types of antenna feed arrangements may be used if desired. If desired, switches or filters may be interposed on radio-frequency transmission line path  50  to allow antenna  40  to convey radio-frequency signals using both UWB transceiver circuitry  36  and non-UWB transceiver circuitry  38  of  FIG. 1 . The illustrative feeding configuration of  FIG. 2  is merely illustrative. 
     Any desired antenna structures may be used for implementing the antennas  40  in device  10 . In one suitable arrangement that is sometimes described herein as an example, inverted-F antenna structures may be used for implementing antennas  40 . Antennas that are implemented using inverted-F antenna structures may sometimes be referred to herein as inverted-F antennas. 
       FIG. 3  is a schematic diagram of inverted-F antenna structures that may be used to form a given antenna  40 . As shown in  FIG. 3 , antenna  40  may include an antenna resonating element such as antenna resonating element  56  (sometimes referred to herein as antenna radiating element  56 ) and an antenna ground such as antenna ground  62 . Antenna resonating element  56  may include a resonating element arm  60  (sometimes referred to herein as an antenna resonating element arm or a radiating element arm) that is shorted to antenna ground  62  by return path  58 . Antenna  40  may be fed by coupling a transmission line (e.g., a transmission line in radio-frequency transmission line path  50  of  FIG. 2 ) to positive antenna feed terminal  46  and ground antenna feed terminal  48  of antenna feed  44 . Positive antenna feed terminal  46  may be coupled to resonating element arm  60  and ground antenna feed terminal  48  may be coupled to antenna ground  62 . Return path  58  may be coupled between resonating element arm  60  and antenna ground  62  in parallel with antenna feed  44 . 
     The length of resonating element arm  60  may determine the response (resonant) frequency of the antenna. For example, the length of resonating element arm  60  may be approximately (e.g., within 15% of) one-quarter of a wavelength of operation for antenna  40  (e.g., an effective wavelength that is modified from a free space wavelength by a constant factor determined from the dielectric constant of the material surrounding antenna  40 ). The effective wavelength may lie within the communications band covered by antenna  40 . This length may be associated with the fundamental mode of antenna  40 . If desired, one or more harmonic modes of the antenna may also be used to cover one or more additional communications bands. Impedance matching circuitry may be coupled to antenna  40  to further adjust the frequency response of the antenna if desired. 
     During operation, device  10  may communicate with external wireless equipment such as external equipment  20  of  FIG. 1 . If desired, external equipment  20  may use UWB signals conveyed from device  10  to external equipment  20  to identify the location of device  10  relative to external equipment  20 . External equipment  20  may identify the relative location of device  10  by identifying a range from external equipment  20  and device  10  (e.g., the distance between the external equipment  20  and device  10 ) and the angle of arrival (AoA) of UWB signals transmitted by device  10  at the location of external equipment  20  (e.g., the angle at which UWB signals transmitted by device  10  are received by external equipment  20 ). 
       FIG. 4  is a diagram showing how external equipment  20  may identify the relative location of device  10 . As shown in  FIG. 4 , device  10  may be located at point  66  whereas external equipment  20  is located at point  64 . In one suitable arrangement, antennas on external equipment  20  may transmit UWB signals  68  in one or more UWB communications bands (e.g., in the 6.5 GHz UWB communications band and the 8.0 UWB communications band). External equipment  20  may periodically (e.g., autonomously) transmit UWB signals  68 , may transmit UWB signals  68  in response to a command from an application running on external equipment  20 , may transmit UWB signals  68  in response to an input from a user of external equipment  20  (e.g., an input command provided by a user to input-output circuitry on external equipment  20  when the user would like to identify the location of device  10 ), or may identify the location of device  10  without transmitting UWB signals  68 . In the example of  FIG. 4 , UWB signals  68  are transmitted omnidirectionally from external equipment  20 . This is merely illustrative. If desired, UWB signals  68  may be transmitted over only a subset of angles in the sphere around external equipment  20 . 
     UWB transceiver circuitry  36  may receive UWB signals  68  from external equipment  20  using one or more antennas  40  ( FIGS. 1-3 ). In response to receiving UWB signals  68  at device  10 , control circuitry  28  ( FIG. 1 ) may control UWB transceiver circuitry  36  to transmit UWB signals  70  in one or more UWB communications bands (e.g., in the 6.5 GHz UWB communications band and the 8.0 UWB communications band). In the example of  FIG. 4 , UWB signals  70  are transmitted omnidirectionally from device  10 . This is merely illustrative. If desired, UWB signals  70  may be transmitted over only a subset of angles in the sphere around device  10 . 
     External equipment  20  may receive UWB signals  70  from device  10 . Control circuitry on external equipment  20  may determine the range to device  10  (e.g., the distance D between device  10  and external equipment  20 ) based on the received UWB signals  70 . For example, the control circuitry on external equipment  20  may determine distance D using signal strength measurement schemes or using time-based measurement schemes such as time of flight measurement techniques, time difference of arrival measurement techniques, angle of arrival measurement techniques, triangulation methods, time-of-flight methods, using a crowdsourced location database, and other suitable measurement techniques. 
     In addition to determining the distance D between device  10  and external equipment  20 , the control circuitry may determine the orientation of external equipment  20  relative to device  10 . For example, external equipment  20  may include multiple antennas that receive UWB signals  70  (e.g., a doublet or triplet of UWB antennas), where each antenna is at a fixed and predetermined location relative to the other antennas. The control circuitry on external equipment  20  may identify phase differences between each antenna for the received UWB signals. The phase differences may be used to determine the angle of arrival θ of UWB signals  70  at external equipment  20  and thus the orientation of device  10  relative to external equipment  20 . External equipment  20  may thereby have knowledge of the location of device  10  relative to device  10 . In scenarios where external equipment  20  is aware of its own location at point  64 , external equipment  20  may also determine the absolute location of device  10  (e.g., at point  66 ). In the example of  FIG. 4 , angle of arrival θ is shown only within a single plane (e.g., the X-Y plane of  FIG. 4 ) for the sake of clarity. In general, angle of arrival may be determined within multiple planes (e.g., using spherical coordinates or any other desired three dimensional coordinate scheme). 
     If desired, external equipment  20  and device  10  may also wirelessly communicate using non-UWB signals  72 . Non-UWB signals  72  may be conveyed using any desired non-UWB communications bands such as the 2.4 GHz Bluetooth® communications band. External device  20  may use non-UWB signals  72  to convey data to and/or from external equipment  20 . 
     The example of  FIG. 4  is merely illustrative. In another suitable arrangement, external equipment  20  may determine distance D and angle of arrival θ using the received UWB signals  70  without transmitting any UWB signals  68 . If desired, device  10  may periodically (e.g., autonomously) transmit UWB signals  70  or may transmit UWB signals  70  in response to any other desired trigger event (e.g., device  10  need not wait for reception of UWB signals  68  to transmit UWB signals  70 ). 
     If desired, device  10  may transmit UWB signals  70  in response to receiving a command from external equipment  20  via non-UWB signals  72 . For example, when a user of external equipment  20  would like to know the location of device  10 , the user may control external equipment  20  to transmit non-UWB signals  72 . Non-UWB signals  72  may include control signals that control device  10  to transmit UWB signals  70 . Upon receipt of non-UWB signals  72  using non-UWB transceiver circuitry  38  of  FIG. 1  (e.g., receipt of the control signals conveyed using non-UWB signals  72 ), control circuitry  28  may control UWB transceiver  36  to transmit UWB signals  70  to allow external equipment  20  to determine the relative location of device  10  for the user of external equipment  20 . If desired, a speaker or other output components on device  10  may issue an audible alert or other sound upon receipt of UWB signals  68  or non-UWB signals  72 . This may, for example, help the user of external equipment  20  to physically locate device  10 . 
       FIG. 5  is a perspective view of device  10 . As shown in  FIG. 5 , housing  12  may have a cylindrical shape with sidewall  12 E extending circumferentially around central axis  73  (e.g., sidewall  12 E may be a continuously curved sidewall or may have any other desired shape following any desired path). Sidewall  12 E may extend from rear wall  12 R to front wall  12 F of housing  12 . Sidewall  12 E, rear wall  12 R, and front wall  12 F may be formed from a single integral piece of dielectric and/or metal material (e.g., in a unibody configuration) or may be formed from two or more pieces of dielectric and/or metal materials. In one suitable arrangement, rear wall  12 R is flat (e.g., planar) whereas front wall  12 F is curved (e.g., dome-shaped, hemispherical, etc.). This is merely illustrative and, in general, front wall  12 F and rear wall  12 R may have any desired planar or non-planar (e.g., free-form curved) shapes. Front wall  12 F need not have the same shape as rear wall  12 R. Front wall  12 F and rear wall  12 R may have lateral outlines that are circular, elliptical, square, rectangular, combinations of these, or any other lateral outlines. Front wall  12 F and rear wall  12 R may each have a diameter of 0.5-5 cm, 1-6 cm, 1-3 cm, less than 8 cm, less than 5 cm, less than 4 cm, less than 3 cm, or less than 2 cm, as examples. Sidewall  12 E may have a height (e.g., parallel to the Z-axis) of 0.1-1 cm, 0.2-0.8 cm, 0.5-2 cm, less than 2 cm, less than 1 cm, or less than 0.5 cm, as examples. Housing  12  need not be cylindrical and may, in general, have any desired shape. 
     If desired, attachment structures  74  may be provided at or on rear wall  12 R. Attachment structures  74  may include adhesive, one or more suction cups, screws, clips, pins, springs, magnets, or any other desired fastening structures. Attachment structures  74  may hold housing  12  in place on an underlying surface or object (not shown in  FIG. 5  for the sake of clarity). For example, attachment structures  74  may be used to attach (secure) housing  12  and thus device  10  to another electronic device (e.g., a laptop, tablet, keyboard, mouse, stylus, mobile phone, gaming device, television, headset, headphones, etc.), furniture, keys, other household objects, pets, clothing, etc. When secured to an underlying surface or object in this way, device  10  may help external equipment  20  to identify the location of the underlying surface or object upon receipt of UWB signals  70  ( FIG. 4 ). This example is merely illustrative. Attachment structures  74  may be omitted or formed internally within housing  12  if desired. 
     The antennas in device  10  may be configured to collectively cover the 2.4 GHz Bluetooth® communications band (or other non-UWB bands) for conveying non-UWB signals  72  of  FIG. 4  and first and second UWB communications bands (e.g., the 6.5 GHz UWB communications band and the 8.0 GHz UWB communications band) for conveying UWB signals  70  of  FIG. 4 . Because these communications bands are relatively far apart in frequency, it can be difficult to cover each of the communications bands with satisfactory antenna efficiency using a single antenna, particularly given the small form factor of housing  12 . At the same time, it may be desirable to minimize the number of antennas  40  in device  10  to minimize the size, manufacturing cost, complexity, and power consumption of device  10 . In one suitable arrangement, device  10  may include two antennas  40  that collectively cover each of these communications bands with satisfactory antenna efficiency while minimizing size, manufacturing cost, complexity, and power consumption for device  10 . 
       FIG. 6  is a cross-sectional side view of device  10  showing how device  10  may include two antennas  40  for conveying UWB signals  70  and non-UWB signals  72  of  FIG. 4 . As shown in  FIG. 6 , device  10  may include a substrate such as logic board  76  (e.g., a main logic board for device  10 ). Logic board  76  may be a printed circuit board (e.g., a rigid printed circuit board or flexible printed circuit), an integrated circuit package, or any other desired substrate. Battery  14  may be mounted to logic board  76  (e.g., at surface  79 ). Other components such as control circuitry  28 , input/output devices  32 , and/or wireless circuitry  34  of  FIG. 1  may also be mounted to logic board  76  if desired. Ground traces  78  may be formed on surface  81  of logic board  76 . Ground traces  78  may be held at a ground potential (e.g., a system ground potential for device  10 ). 
     Device  10  may include two antennas  40  such as a first antenna  40 A and a second antenna  40 B formed on logic board  76 . Antenna  40 A may be formed from conductive traces  80  and ground traces  78  on surface  81  of logic board  76 . Antenna  40 B may be formed from conductive traces  82  and ground traces  78  on surface  81  of logic board  76 . Ground traces  78  may form the antenna ground (e.g., antenna ground  62  of  FIG. 3 ) for both antennas  40 A and  40 B. Conductive traces  80  may form the resonating element arm and return path (e.g., resonating element arm  60  and return path  58  of  FIG. 3 ) for antenna  40 A. Conductive traces  82  may form the resonating element arm and return path for antenna  40 B. Antennas  40 A and  40 B may convey radio-frequency signals (e.g., radio-frequency signals  22  of  FIG. 1 , UWB signals  70  of  FIG. 4 , and non-UWB signals  72  of  FIG. 4 ) through housing  12 . Forming antennas  40 A and  40 B at opposing sides of logic board  76  (e.g., along the Y-axis) may help to maximize electromagnetic isolation between the antennas. 
     The example of  FIG. 6  is merely illustrative. If desired, antennas  40 A and  40 B (e.g., conductive traces  80  and  82 ) may be patterned on surface  79  of logic board  76  instead of surface  81 . Battery  14  may be mounted to surface  81  of logic board  76  if desired. Conductive portions of other components in device  10  may form part of the antenna ground for antennas  40 A and  40 B. In another suitable arrangement, surface  81  of logic board  76  may face rear housing wall  12 R and surface  79  of logic board  76  may face front housing wall  12 F. Attachment structures  74  of  FIG. 5  have been omitted from  FIG. 6  for the sake of clarity. Housing  12  may have other shapes if desired. 
       FIG. 7  is a cross sectional bottom view of logic board  76  in device  10  (e.g., as taken in the direction of arrow  83  of  FIG. 6 ). As shown in  FIG. 7 , logic board  76  may have a circular lateral footprint about central axis  73  that conforms to the (cylindrical) shape of sidewall  12 E (e.g., the vertical edges of logic board  76  may extend parallel to the vertical surface of sidewall  12 E around central axis  73 ). Ground traces  78  may be patterned onto surface  81  of logic board  76 . In the example of  FIG. 7 , ground traces  78  are radially symmetric about central axis  73  and have a shape that conforms to the lateral footprint of logic board  76 . This is merely illustrative and, if desired, ground traces  78  may have any desired shape. 
     Logic board  76  may have a laterally bisecting axis  84  that extends perpendicular to central axis  73  and runs through the center of device  10 . Antenna  40 A may be formed at a first side of ground traces  78  and logic board  76  (e.g., to the left of laterally bisecting axis  84 ). Antenna  40 B may be formed at a second side of ground traces  78  and logic board  76  that is opposite to the first side (e.g., to the right of laterally bisecting axis  84 ). Antennas  40 A and  40 B may each include a corresponding resonating element arm (e.g., resonating element arm  60  of  FIG. 3 ), return path (e.g., return path  58  of  FIG. 3 ), and antenna feed (e.g., antenna feed  44  of  FIG. 3 ). For example, antenna  40 A may have resonating element arm  60 A and a return path  58 A that couples resonating element arm  60 A to ground traces  78 . Similarly, antenna  40 B may have resonating element arm  60 B and a return path  58 B that couples resonating element arm  60 B to ground traces  78 . Antenna feed  44 A may have a positive antenna feed terminal (e.g., positive antenna feed terminal  46  of  FIG. 3 ) coupled to resonating element arm  60 A and a ground antenna feed terminal (e.g., ground antenna feed terminal  48  of  FIG. 3 ) coupled to ground traces  78 . Antenna feed  44 B may have a positive antenna feed terminal coupled to resonating element arm  60 B and a ground antenna feed terminal coupled to ground traces  78 . 
     Resonating element arm  60 A and return path  58 A may be formed from conductive traces  80  of  FIG. 6  whereas resonating element arm  60 B and return path  58 B may be formed from conductive traces  82  of  FIG. 6 . In one suitable arrangement, resonating element arm  60 A, return path  58 A, resonating element arm  60 B, return path  58 B, and ground traces  78  are formed from integral portions of the same conductive traces patterned onto surface  81  (e.g., during the same patterning process). In another suitable arrangement, resonating element arm  60 A, resonating element arm  60 B, return path  58 A, and return path  58 B may be formed from conductive traces that are patterned onto surface  81  separately from ground traces  78 . In this scenario, solder, welds, or other conductive interconnect structures may be used to short return paths  58 A and  58 B to ground traces  78 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 7 , resonating element arm  60 B may extend from return path  58 B to an opposing tip  88 . Resonating element arm  60 A may extend from return path  58 A to an opposing tip  86 . Tip  88  may face return path  58 A of antenna  40 A and tip  86  may face return path  58 B of antenna  40 B (e.g., resonating element arms  60 A and  60 B may be oriented in the same rotational direction around central axis  73 ). This may allow the region of antenna  40 A with the highest electric field magnitude (e.g., tip  86 ) to be located as far away from the region of antenna  40 B with the highest electric field magnitude (e.g., tip  88 ), thereby serving to maximize electromagnetic isolation between antennas  40 A and  40 B. In the example of  FIG. 7 , resonating element arms  60 A and  60 B follow curved paths around central axis  73  that conform to the curved edges of logic board  76  and sidewall  12 E. This is merely illustrative and, in general, resonating element arms  60 A and  60 B may follow any desired path having any desired shape (e.g., any desired shape having curved and/or straight edges). Antennas  40 A and  40 B need not be inverted-F antennas and may, in general, be formed using any desired antenna structures (e.g., antennas  40 A and  40 B may be monopole antennas, dipole antennas, loop antennas, etc.). 
     Resonating element arm  60 B may be longer than resonating element arm  60 A. This may allow antenna  40 B to cover lower frequencies than antenna  40 A. Antennas  40 A and  40 B may collectively cover first, second, and third communications bands such as the 2.4 GHz Bluetooth® communications band, the 6.5 GHz UWB communications band, and the 8.0 GHz UWB communications band. This may allow antennas  40 A and  40 B to collectively convey both UWB signals  70  and non-UWB signals  72  of  FIG. 4 , for example. 
       FIG. 8  is a plot of antenna efficiency as a function of frequency that illustrates one example of how antennas  40 A and  40 B may cover each of these communications bands. As shown in  FIG. 8 , solid curve  98  illustrates the frequency response of antenna  40 A of  FIG. 7  whereas dashed curve  96  illustrates the frequency response of antenna  40 B of  FIG. 7 . 
     As shown by dashed curve  96 , the length of resonating element arm  60 B may be selected to configure antenna  40 B to exhibit a response peak in a first communications band such as communications band  90  (e.g., the 2.4 GHz Bluetooth® communications band). This response peak may be produced by the fundamental mode of resonating element arm  60 B. At the same time, a harmonic mode of resonating element arm  60 B (e.g., the third order harmonic of resonating element arm  60 B) may produce a response peak in a third communications band such as communications band  94  (e.g., the 8.0 GHz UWB communications band). 
     As shown by curve  98 , the length of resonating element arm  60 A may be selected to configure antenna  40 A to exhibit a response peak in a second communications band such as communications band  92  (e.g., the 6.5 GHz UWB communications band). In this way, antenna  40 A and antenna  40 B may collectively cover each of communications bands  90 ,  92 , and  94  with satisfactory antenna efficiency. 
       FIG. 9  is a plot of antenna efficiency as a function of frequency that illustrates how antennas  40 A and  40 B may cover each of these communications bands in another suitable arrangement. As shown in  FIG. 9 , solid curve  102  illustrates the frequency response of antenna  40 A of  FIG. 7  whereas dashed curve  100  illustrates the frequency response of antenna  40 B of  FIG. 7 . 
     As shown by curve  100 , the length of resonating element arm  60 B may be selected to configure antenna  40 B to exhibit a response peak in first communications band  90 . This response peak may be produced by the fundamental mode of resonating element arm  60 B. Harmonic modes of resonating element arm  60 B need not be used in this arrangement. 
     As shown by curve  102 , the length of resonating element arm  60 A may be selected to configure antenna  40 A to exhibit a response peak at a frequency between communications bands  92  and  94  (e.g., at a frequency between 6.5 GHz and 8.0 GHz). Antenna  40 A may have a sufficiently large bandwidth such that this response peak causes antenna  40 A to exhibit satisfactory antenna efficiency (e.g., an antenna efficiency greater than a threshold efficiency) across both of communications bands  92  and  94 . In this way, antenna  40 A and antenna  40 B may collectively cover each of communications bands  90 ,  92 , and  94  with satisfactory antenna efficiency. 
     The examples of  FIGS. 8 and 9  are merely illustrative. In general, curves  96 ,  98 ,  100 , and  102  may have any desired shapes and may cover any desired frequencies. Communications band  90  may be any desired non-UWB communications band. Communications bands  92  and  94  may be any desired UWB communications bands. 
     The foregoing is merely illustrative and various modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The foregoing embodiments may be implemented individually or in any combination.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20190809
Publication Date: 20210921
Grant Date: 20210921
Priority Date: 20190809
Inventors: DA COSTA BRAS LIMA, EDUARDO JORGE
Ruaro, Andrea
DI NALLO, CARLO
PAPANTONIS, DIMITRIOS
NATH, JAYESH
NIU, Jiaxiao
AVENDAL, JOHAN
PASCOLINI, MATTIA
Landaeus, Max O.
PERKINS, RYAN C.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "H01Q1/36", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q5/40", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q5/30", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/42", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/521", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q5/25", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/2291", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/24", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/48", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q9/42", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/24", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/50", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q5/25", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/48", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q5/25", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/2291", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q1/24", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q5/30", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H01Q9/42", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 74188489