PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-9032338-B2
Application Number: US-201113217747-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Devices, methods, and graphical user interfaces for navigating and editing text

Abstract:
An electronic device displays text of an electronic document on a display; displays an insertion marker at a first position in the text of the electronic document; detects a first horizontal gesture on a touch-sensitive surface; in response to a determination that the first horizontal gesture satisfies a first set of one or more predefined conditions: translates the electronic document on the display in accordance with a direction of the first horizontal gesture, and maintains the insertion marker at the first position in the text; and, in response to a determination that the first horizontal gesture satisfies a second set of one or more predefined conditions, moves the insertion marker by one character in the text from the first position to a second position in the text in accordance with the direction of the first horizontal gesture.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An electronic device, comprising:
 a display; 
 a touch-sensitive surface; 
 one or more processors; 
 memory; and 
 one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for: 
 displaying text of an electronic document on the display; 
 displaying an insertion marker at a first position in the text of the electronic document; 
 detecting a first horizontal gesture at a location on the touch-sensitive surface, the location on the touch-sensitive surface corresponding to a location on the display where the text of the electronic document is displayed; 
 in response to a determination that the first horizontal gesture at the location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the location on the display satisfies a first set of one or more predefined conditions: 
 translating the electronic document on the display in accordance with a direction of the first horizontal gesture, and 
 maintaining the insertion marker at the first position in the text; and, 
 in response to a determination that the first horizontal gesture at the location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the location on the display satisfies a second set of one or more predefined conditions that is distinct from the first set of one or more predefined conditions, moving the insertion marker by one character in the text from the first position to a second position in the text in accordance with the direction of the first horizontal gesture. 
 
     
     
       2. The device of  claim 1 , wherein the first set of one or more predefined conditions includes an initial velocity of the first horizontal gesture being less than a predefined threshold velocity, and the second set of one or more predefined conditions includes the initial velocity of the first horizontal gesture being more than the predefined threshold velocity. 
     
     
       3. The device of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the first horizontal gesture includes a finger contact and movement of the finger contact; 
 the first set of one or more predefined conditions includes an initial movement of the finger contact in a predefined initial time since detecting the finger contact being less than a predefined initial movement threshold; and 
 the second set of one or more predefined conditions includes the initial movement of the finger contact in the predefined initial time since detecting the finger contact being greater than the predefined initial movement threshold. 
 
     
     
       4. The device of  claim 1 , wherein the second set of one or more predefined conditions includes that the first horizontal gesture is a single-finger gesture. 
     
     
       5. The device of  claim 1 , including instructions for:
 while displaying the insertion marker at the second position in the text of the electronic document: 
 detecting a vertical gesture on the touch-sensitive surface; 
 in response to a determination that the vertical gesture satisfies a third set of one or more predefined conditions:
 translating the electronic document on the display in accordance with a direction of the vertical gesture, and 
 maintaining the insertion marker at the second position in the text; and, 
 
 in response to a determination that the vertical gesture satisfies a fourth set of one or more predefined conditions that is distinct from the third set of one or more predefined conditions, moving the insertion marker from a line in the text containing the second position to a vertically adjacent line in the text in accordance with the direction of the vertical gesture. 
 
     
     
       6. The device of  claim 5 , wherein the third set of one or more predefined conditions includes an initial velocity of the vertical gesture being less than a predefined threshold velocity, and the fourth set of one or more predefined conditions includes the initial velocity of the vertical gesture being more than the predefined threshold velocity. 
     
     
       7. The device of  claim 5 , wherein:
 the vertical gesture includes a finger contact and movement of the finger contact; 
 the third set of one or more predefined conditions includes an initial movement of the finger contact in a predefined initial time since detecting the finger contact being less than a predefined initial movement threshold; and 
 the fourth set of one or more predefined conditions includes the initial movement of the finger contact in the predefined initial time since detecting the finger contact being greater than the predefined initial movement threshold. 
 
     
     
       8. The device of  claim 5 , wherein the fourth set of one or more predefined conditions includes that the vertical gesture is a single-finger gesture. 
     
     
       9. The device of  claim 5 , including instructions for:
 in response to a determination that the vertical gesture satisfies a ninth set of one or more predefined conditions that is distinct from the third set of one or more predefined conditions and the fourth set of one or more predefined conditions, moving the insertion marker from the second position to a beginning of a paragraph containing the second position or to a beginning of a next paragraph after the paragraph containing the second position in accordance with the direction of the vertical gesture. 
 
     
     
       10. The device of  claim 9 , wherein the ninth set of one or more predefined conditions includes that the vertical gesture is a multi-finger gesture. 
     
     
       11. The device of  claim 5 , including instructions for:
 in response to a determination that the vertical gesture satisfies a tenth set of one or more predefined conditions that is distinct from the third set of one or more predefined conditions and the fourth set of one or more predefined conditions, moving the insertion marker from the second position to a beginning of a page containing the second position or to a beginning of a next page after the page containing the second position in accordance with the direction of the vertical gesture. 
 
     
     
       12. The device of  claim 11 , wherein the tenth set of one or more predefined conditions includes that the vertical gesture is a multi-finger gesture. 
     
     
       13. The device of  claim 1 , including instructions for:
 in response to a determination that the first horizontal gesture satisfies a fifth set of one or more predefined conditions that is distinct from the first set of one or more predefined conditions and the second set of one or more predefined conditions, moving the insertion marker by one word in the text from the first position in accordance with the direction of the first horizontal gesture. 
 
     
     
       14. The device of  claim 13 , wherein the fifth set of one or more predefined conditions includes that the first horizontal gesture is a multi-finger gesture. 
     
     
       15. The device of  claim 1 , including instructions for:
 in response to a determination that the first horizontal gesture satisfies a sixth set of one or more predefined conditions that is distinct from the first set of one or more predefined conditions and the second set of one or more predefined conditions, moving the insertion marker to a beginning or an end of a line of text containing the first position in accordance with the direction of the first horizontal gesture. 
 
     
     
       16. The device of  claim 15 , wherein the sixth set of one or more predefined conditions includes that the first horizontal gesture is a multi-finger gesture. 
     
     
       17. The device of  claim 1 , including instructions for:
 in response to a determination that the first horizontal gesture satisfies a seventh set of one or more predefined conditions that is distinct from the first set of one or more predefined conditions and the second set of one or more predefined conditions, moving the insertion marker to a beginning of a sentence containing the first position or a beginning of a next sentence after the sentence containing the first position in accordance with the direction of the first horizontal gesture. 
 
     
     
       18. The device of  claim 17 , wherein the seventh set of one or more predefined conditions includes that the first horizontal gesture is a multi-finger gesture. 
     
     
       19. The device of  claim 1 , including instructions for:
 while displaying a range of selected text in the text of the electronic document: 
 detecting a second horizontal gesture on the touch-sensitive surface; and, 
 in response to a determination that the second horizontal gesture satisfies an eighth set of one or more predefined conditions:
 placing the insertion marker at a beginning or an end of the range of selected text in accordance with a direction of the second horizontal gesture, and 
 deselecting the range of selected text. 
 
 
     
     
       20. The device of  claim 19 , wherein the eighth set of one or more predefined conditions includes that the second horizontal gesture is a single-finger gesture. 
     
     
       21. The device of  claim 1 , wherein the display is a touch screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on the display. 
     
     
       22. The device of  claim 1 , wherein the location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the location on the display overlaps a text of the electronic document. 
     
     
       23. The device of  claim 22 , wherein the text of the electronic document comprises editable text. 
     
     
       24. The device of  claim 1 , wherein the first set of one or more predefined conditions and the second set of one or more predefined conditions are irrespective of a location on the touch-sensitive surface. 
     
     
       25. The device of  claim 1 , wherein the location of the first horizontal gesture on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the location on the display that satisfies a first set of one or more is the location of the first horizontal gesture on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the location on the display that satisfies the second set of one or more. 
     
     
       26. A method, comprising:
 at an electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface: 
 displaying text of an electronic document on the display; 
 displaying an insertion marker at a first position in the text of the electronic document; 
 detecting a first horizontal gesture at a location on the touch-sensitive surface, the location on the touch-sensitive surface corresponding to a location on the display where the text of the electronic document is displayed; 
 in response to a determination that the first horizontal gesture at the location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the location on the display satisfies a first set of one or more predefined conditions:
 translating the electronic document on the display in accordance with a direction of the first horizontal gesture, and 
 maintaining the insertion marker at the first position in the text; and, 
 
 in response to a determination that the first horizontal gesture at the location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the location on the display satisfies a second set of one or more predefined conditions that is distinct from the first set of one or more predefined conditions, moving the insertion marker by one character in the text from the first position to a second position in the text in accordance with the direction of the first horizontal gesture. 
 
     
     
       27. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions, which when executed by an electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface, cause the device to:
 display text of an electronic document on the display; 
 display an insertion marker at a first position in the text of the electronic document; 
 detect a first horizontal gesture at a location on the touch-sensitive surface, the location on the touch-sensitive surface corresponding to a location on the display where the text of the electronic document is displayed; 
 in response to a determination that the first horizontal gesture at the location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the location on the display satisfies a first set of one or more predefined conditions:
 translate the electronic document on the display in accordance with a direction of the first horizontal gesture, and 
 maintain the insertion marker at the first position in the text; and, 
 
 in response to a determination that the first horizontal gesture at the location on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to the location on the display satisfies a second set of one or more predefined conditions that is distinct from the first set of one or more predefined conditions, move the insertion marker by one character in the text from the first position to a second position in the text in accordance with the direction of the first horizontal gesture.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/491,321, filed May 30, 2011, entitled “Devices, Methods, and Graphical User Interfaces for Navigating and Editing Text,” which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This relates generally to electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces, including but not limited to electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces that display and edit electronic documents. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The use of touch-sensitive surfaces as input devices for computers and other electronic computing devices has increased significantly in recent years. Exemplary touch-sensitive surfaces include touch pads and touch screen displays. Such surfaces are widely used to interact with an electronic document on a display. 
     Exemplary interactions include navigating and editing an electronic document. For example, a user often needs to scroll or translate the electronic document to text that needs to be edited. The user also needs to position or reposition an insertion marker in the text to be edited and then input additional text (e.g., via a keyboard). These document navigation and editing operations are typically performed numerous times while working on an electronic document. These interactions may be performed in any application that includes text entry capabilities (e.g., a drawing application, a presentation application (e.g., Keynote from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), a word processing application (e.g., Pages from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), a website creation application (e.g., iWeb from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), or a spreadsheet application (e.g., Numbers from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.)). 
     But existing methods for navigating and editing text via touch-sensitive surfaces are cumbersome and inefficient. For example, positioning an insertion marker by dragging the insertion marker in accordance with a finger being moved across a touch screen requires careful hand-eye coordination and a steady finger to correctly position the insertion marker at the desired location. In addition, the heuristics used to disambiguate whether a finger gesture is trying to reposition the insertion marker (without moving the document) or whether the finger gesture is trying to move the entire document (without repositioning the insertion marker) make repositioning the insertion marker a slow and tedious process, thereby frustrating users and wasting energy. This latter consideration is particularly important in battery-operated devices. 
     SUMMARY 
     Accordingly, there is a need for electronic devices with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for navigating and editing text via touch-sensitive surfaces. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for navigating and editing text via touch-sensitive surfaces. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges. 
     The above deficiencies and other problems associated with user interfaces for electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces are reduced or eliminated by the disclosed devices. In some embodiments, the device is a desktop computer. In some embodiments, the device is portable (e.g., a notebook computer, tablet computer, or handheld device). In some embodiments, the device has a touchpad. In some embodiments, the device has a touch-sensitive display (also known as a “touch screen” or “touch screen display”). In some embodiments, the device has a graphical user interface (GUI), one or more processors, memory and one or more modules, programs or sets of instructions stored in the memory for performing multiple functions. In some embodiments, the user interacts with the GUI primarily through finger contacts and gestures on the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the functions may include image editing, drawing, presenting, word processing, website creating, disk authoring, spreadsheet making, game playing, telephoning, video conferencing, e-mailing, instant messaging, workout support, digital photographing, digital videoing, web browsing, digital music playing, and/or digital video playing. Executable instructions for performing these functions may be included in a non-transitory computer readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: displaying text of an electronic document on the display; displaying an insertion marker at a first position in the text of the electronic document; detecting a first horizontal gesture on the touch-sensitive surface; in response to a determination that the first horizontal gesture satisfies a first set of one or more predefined conditions: translating the electronic document on the display in accordance with a direction of the first horizontal gesture, and maintaining the insertion marker at the first position in the text; and, in response to a determination that the first horizontal gesture satisfies a second set of one or more predefined conditions that is distinct from the first set of one or more predefined conditions, moving the insertion marker by one character in the text from the first position to a second position in the text in accordance with the direction of the first horizontal gesture. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display, a touch-sensitive surface, one or more processors, memory, and one or more programs. The one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors. The one or more programs include instructions for: displaying text of an electronic document on the display; displaying an insertion marker at a first position in the text of the electronic document; detecting a first horizontal gesture on the touch-sensitive surface; in response to a determination that the first horizontal gesture satisfies a first set of one or more predefined conditions: translating the electronic document on the display in accordance with a direction of the first horizontal gesture, and maintaining the insertion marker at the first position in the text; and, in response to a determination that the first horizontal gesture satisfies a second set of one or more predefined conditions that is distinct from the first set of one or more predefined conditions, moving the insertion marker by one character in the text from the first position to a second position in the text in accordance with the direction of the first horizontal gesture. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a computer readable storage medium has stored therein instructions which when executed by an electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface, cause the device to: display text of an electronic document on the display; display an insertion marker at a first position in the text of the electronic document; detect a first horizontal gesture on the touch-sensitive surface; in response to a determination that the first horizontal gesture satisfies a first set of one or more predefined conditions: translate the electronic document on the display in accordance with a direction of the first horizontal gesture, and maintain the insertion marker at the first position in the text; and, in response to a determination that the first horizontal gesture satisfies a second set of one or more predefined conditions that is distinct from the first set of one or more predefined conditions, move the insertion marker by one character in the text from the first position to a second position in the text in accordance with the direction of the first horizontal gesture. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface on an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, a memory, and one or more processors to execute one or more programs stored in the memory includes text of an electronic document and an insertion marker at a first position in the text of the electronic document. A first horizontal gesture is detected on the touch-sensitive surface. In response to a determination that the first horizontal gesture satisfies a first set of one or more predefined conditions, the electronic document is translated on the display in accordance with a direction of the first horizontal gesture, and the insertion marker is maintained at the first position in the text. In response to a determination that the first horizontal gesture satisfies a second set of one or more predefined conditions that is distinct from the first set of one or more predefined conditions, the insertion marker is moved by one character in the text from the first position to a second position in the text in accordance with the direction of the first horizontal gesture. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes: a display; a touch-sensitive surface; means for displaying text of an electronic document on the display; means for displaying an insertion marker at a first position in the text of the electronic document; means for detecting a first horizontal gesture on the touch-sensitive surface; in response to a determination that the first horizontal gesture satisfies a first set of one or more predefined conditions, means for translating the electronic document on the display in accordance with a direction of the first horizontal gesture, and means for maintaining the insertion marker at the first position in the text; and, in response to a determination that the first horizontal gesture satisfies a second set of one or more predefined conditions that is distinct from the first set of one or more predefined conditions, means for moving the insertion marker by one character in the text from the first position to a second position in the text in accordance with the direction of the first horizontal gesture. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an information processing apparatus for use in an electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface includes: means for displaying text of an electronic document on the display; means for displaying an insertion marker at a first position in the text of the electronic document; means for detecting a first horizontal gesture on the touch-sensitive surface; in response to a determination that the first horizontal gesture satisfies a first set of one or more predefined conditions, means for translating the electronic document on the display in accordance with a direction of the first horizontal gesture, and means for maintaining the insertion marker at the first position in the text; and, in response to a determination that the first horizontal gesture satisfies a second set of one or more predefined conditions that is distinct from the first set of one or more predefined conditions, means for moving the insertion marker by one character in the text from the first position to a second position in the text in accordance with the direction of the first horizontal gesture. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display text of an electronic document and an insertion marker at a first position in the text of the electronic document, a touch-sensitive surface unit configured to receive gestures, and a processing unit coupled to the display unit and the touch-sensitive surface unit. The processing unit is configured to detect a first horizontal gesture on the touch-sensitive surface unit; in response to a determination that the first horizontal gesture satisfies a first set of one or more predefined conditions, translate the electronic document on the display unit in accordance with a direction of the first horizontal gesture, and maintain the insertion marker at the first position in the text; and, in response to a determination that the first horizontal gesture satisfies a second set of one or more predefined conditions that is distinct from the first set of one or more predefined conditions, move the insertion marker by one character in the text from the first position to a second position in the text in accordance with the direction of the first horizontal gesture. 
     Thus, electronic devices with displays and touch-sensitive surfaces are provided with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for navigating and editing text, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for navigating and editing text via touch-sensitive surfaces. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a better understanding of the aforementioned embodiments of the invention as well as additional embodiments thereof, reference should be made to the Description of Embodiments below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures. 
         FIG. 1A  is a block diagram illustrating a portable multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 1B  is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a portable multifunction device having a touch screen in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 4A  illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu of applications on a portable multifunction device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 4B  illustrates an exemplary user interface for a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 5A-5P  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for navigating and editing text via a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 6A-6F  are flow diagrams illustrating a method of navigating and editing text via a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 7  is a functional block diagram of an electronic device in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     Many electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces include applications with document text editing capabilities. A user often needs to scroll or translate an electronic document to text that needs to be edited. The user also needs to position or reposition an insertion marker in the text to be edited and then input additional text (e.g., via a keyboard). These document navigation and editing operations are typically performed numerous times while working on an electronic document. Existing methods typically position an insertion marker by dragging the insertion marker in accordance with a finger being moved across a touch screen, which requires good hand-eye coordination and a steady finger to correctly position the insertion marker at the desired location. In addition, the heuristics currently used to determine whether a finger gesture is trying to reposition the insertion marker (without moving the document) or whether the finger gesture is trying to move the entire document (without repositioning the insertion marker) make existing methods for repositioning the insertion marker slow and tedious. 
     The devices and methods described below overcome these problems by using quick finger swipe gestures to move an insertion marker by predefined amounts (e.g., move by one character, one word, one sentence, one line, or one paragraph), along with improved heuristics for disambiguating whether the gesture is meant to reposition the insertion marker or translate the electronic document. 
     For example, when the user performs, a horizontal swipe gesture, the device repositions the insertion marker if a quick swipe is detected (e.g., based on an initial velocity of the gesture), but translates the document if a slower, more deliberate swipe gesture is detected. If the gesture is determined to be a gesture to move the insertion marker, the insertion marker typically moves in the direction of the gesture by an amount based on the number of fingers in the gesture. For example, a single-finger horizontal swipe gesture moves the insertion marker by one character, a two-finger horizontal swipe gesture moves the insertion marker by a word, and a three-finger horizontal swipe gesture moves the insertion marker to the beginning/end of the current line of text. 
     Thus, fast imprecise finger swipe gestures can be used to precisely move an insertion marker by a desired amount, while slower, more deliberate gestures can be used to navigate (e.g., scroll or translate) the document. This makes navigating and editing text via a touch-sensitive surface faster and more efficient. 
     Below,  FIGS. 1A-1B ,  2 ,  3 , and  7  provide a description of exemplary devices.  FIGS. 4A-4B  and  5 A- 5 P illustrate exemplary user interfaces for navigating and editing text via a touch-sensitive surface.  FIGS. 6A-6F  are flow diagrams illustrating a method of navigating and editing text via a touch-sensitive surface. The user interfaces in  FIGS. 5A-5P  are used to illustrate the processes in  FIGS. 6A-6F . 
     Exemplary Devices 
     Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments. 
     It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first contact could be termed a second contact, and, similarly, a second contact could be termed a first contact, without departing from the scope of the present invention. The first contact and the second contact are both contacts, but they are not the same contact. 
     The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in the description of the invention and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof 
     As used herein, the term “if” may be construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” may be construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event],” depending on the context. 
     Embodiments of electronic devices, user interfaces for such devices, and associated processes for using such devices are described. In some embodiments, the device is a portable communications device, such as a mobile telephone, that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/or music player functions. Exemplary embodiments of portable multifunction devices include, without limitation, the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. Other portable electronic devices, such as laptops or tablet computers with touch-sensitive surfaces (e.g., touch screen displays and/or touch pads), may also be used. It should also be understood that, in some embodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but is a desktop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch screen display and/or a touch pad). 
     In the discussion that follows, an electronic device that includes a display and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should be understood, however, that the electronic device may include one or more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physical keyboard, a mouse and/or a joystick. 
     The device typically supports a variety of applications, such as one or more of the following: a drawing application, a presentation application, a word processing application, a website creation application, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheet application, a gaming application, a telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, a workout support application, a photo management application, a digital camera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing application, a digital music player application, and/or a digital video player application. 
     The various applications that may be executed on the device may use at least one common physical user-interface device, such as the touch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitive surface as well as corresponding information displayed on the device may be adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physical architecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the device may support the variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and transparent to the user. 
     Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable devices with touch-sensitive displays.  FIG. 1A  is a block diagram illustrating portable multifunction device  100  with touch-sensitive displays  112  in accordance with some embodiments. Touch-sensitive display  112  is sometimes called a “touch screen” for convenience, and may also be known as or called a touch-sensitive display system. Device  100  may include memory  102  (which may include one or more computer readable storage mediums), memory controller  122 , one or more processing units (CPU&#39;s)  120 , peripherals interface  118 , RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , input/output (I/O) subsystem  106 , other input or control devices  116 , and external port  124 . Device  100  may include one or more optical sensors  164 . These components may communicate over one or more communication buses or signal lines  103 . 
     It should be appreciated that device  100  is only one example of a portable multifunction device, and that device  100  may have more or fewer components than shown, may combine two or more components, or may have a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown in  FIG. 1A  may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both hardware and software, including one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits. 
     Memory  102  may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Access to memory  102  by other components of device  100 , such as CPU  120  and the peripherals interface  118 , may be controlled by memory controller  122 . 
     Peripherals interface  118  can be used to couple input and output peripherals of the device to CPU  120  and memory  102 . The one or more processors  120  run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in memory  102  to perform various functions for device  100  and to process data. 
     In some embodiments, peripherals interface  118 , CPU  120 , and memory controller  122  may be implemented on a single chip, such as chip  104 . In some other embodiments, they may be implemented on separate chips. 
     RF (radio frequency) circuitry  108  receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  108  converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  108  may include well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RF circuitry  108  may communicate with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The wireless communication may use any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document. 
     Audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , and microphone  113  provide an audio interface between a user and device  100 . Audio circuitry  110  receives audio data from peripherals interface  118 , converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to speaker  111 . Speaker  111  converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves. Audio circuitry  110  also receives electrical signals converted by microphone  113  from sound waves. Audio circuitry  110  converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to peripherals interface  118  for processing. Audio data may be retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory  102  and/or RF circuitry  108  by peripherals interface  118 . In some embodiments, audio circuitry  110  also includes a headset jack (e.g.,  212 ,  FIG. 2 ). The headset jack provides an interface between audio circuitry  110  and removable audio input/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headset with both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input (e.g., a microphone). 
     I/O subsystem  106  couples input/output peripherals on device  100 , such as touch screen  112  and other input control devices  116 , to peripherals interface  118 . I/O subsystem  106  may include display controller  156  and one or more input controllers  160  for other input or control devices. The one or more input controllers  160  receive/send electrical signals from/to other input or control devices  116 . The other input control devices  116  may include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s)  160  may be coupled to any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, infrared port, USB port, and a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g.,  208 ,  FIG. 2 ) may include an up/down button for volume control of speaker  111  and/or microphone  113 . The one or more buttons may include a push button (e.g.,  206 ,  FIG. 2 ). 
     Touch-sensitive display  112  provides an input interface and an output interface between the device and a user. Display controller  156  receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to touch screen  112 . Touch screen  112  displays visual output to the user. The visual output may include graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all of the visual output may correspond to user-interface objects. 
     Touch screen  112  has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor or set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact. Touch screen  112  and display controller  156  (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory  102 ) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on touch screen  112  and converts the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages or images) that are displayed on touch screen  112 . In an exemplary embodiment, a point of contact between touch screen  112  and the user corresponds to a finger of the user. 
     Touch screen  112  may use LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED (light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologies may be used in other embodiments. Touch screen  112  and display controller  156  may detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of a plurality of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with touch screen  112 . In an exemplary embodiment, projected mutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. 
     Touch screen  112  may have a video resolution in excess of 100 dpi. In some embodiments, the touch screen has a video resolution of approximately 160 dpi. The user may make contact with touch screen  112  using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to work primarily with finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired by the user. 
     In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, device  100  may include a touchpad (not shown) for activating or deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output. The touchpad may be a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from touch screen  112  or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen. 
     Device  100  also includes power system  162  for powering the various components. Power system  162  may include a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices. 
     Device  100  may also include one or more optical sensors  164 .  FIG. 1A  shows an optical sensor coupled to optical sensor controller  158  in I/O subsystem  106 . Optical sensor  164  may include charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistors. Optical sensor  164  receives light from the environment, projected through one or more lens, and converts the light to data representing an image. In conjunction with imaging module  143  (also called a camera module), optical sensor  164  may capture still images or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch screen display  112  on the front of the device, so that the touch screen display may be used as a viewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition. In some embodiments, another optical sensor is located on the front of the device so that the user&#39;s image may be obtained for videoconferencing while the user views the other video conference participants on the touch screen display. 
     Device  100  may also include one or more proximity sensors  166 .  FIG. 1A  shows proximity sensor  166  coupled to peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, proximity sensor  166  may be coupled to input controller  160  in I/O subsystem  106 . In some embodiments, the proximity sensor turns off and disables touch screen  112  when the multifunction device is placed near the user&#39;s ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call). 
     Device  100  may also include one or more accelerometers  168 .  FIG. 1A  shows accelerometer  168  coupled to peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, accelerometer  168  may be coupled to an input controller  160  in I/O subsystem  106 . In some embodiments, information is displayed on the touch screen display in a portrait view or a landscape view based on an analysis of data received from the one or more accelerometers. Device  100  optionally includes, in addition to accelerometer(s)  168 , a magnetometer (not shown) and a GPS (or GLONASS or other global navigation system) receiver (not shown) for obtaining information concerning the location and orientation (e.g., portrait or landscape) of device  100 . 
     In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory  102  include operating system  126 , communication module (or set of instructions)  128 , contact/motion module (or set of instructions)  130 , graphics module (or set of instructions)  132 , text input module (or set of instructions)  134 , Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set of instructions)  135 , and applications (or sets of instructions)  136 . Furthermore, in some embodiments memory  102  stores device/global internal state  157 , as shown in  FIGS. 1A and 3 . Device/global internal state  157  includes one or more of: active application state, indicating which applications, if any, are currently active; display state, indicating what applications, views or other information occupy various regions of touch screen display  112 ; sensor state, including information obtained from the device&#39;s various sensors and input control devices  116 ; and location information concerning the device&#39;s location and/or attitude. 
     Operating system  126  (e.g., Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components. 
     Communication module  128  facilitates communication with other devices over one or more external ports  124  and also includes various software components for handling data received by RF circuitry  108  and/or external port  124 . External port  124  (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the 30-pin connector used on iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) devices. 
     Contact/motion module  130  may detect contact with touch screen  112  (in conjunction with display controller  156 ) and other touch sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). Contact/motion module  130  includes various software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact, such as determining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-down event), determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact). Contact/motion module  130  receives contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which is represented by a series of contact data, may include determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. These operations may be applied to single contacts (e.g., one finger contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g., “multitouch”/multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments, contact/motion module  130  and display controller  156  detect contact on a touchpad. 
     Contact/motion module  130  may detect a gesture input by a user. Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contact patterns. Thus, a gesture may be detected by detecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a finger tap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event at the same position (or substantially the same position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequently followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event. 
     Graphics module  132  includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics on touch screen  112  or other display, including components for changing the intensity of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics” includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including without limitation text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations and the like. 
     In some embodiments, graphics module  132  stores data representing graphics to be used. Each graphic may be assigned a corresponding code. Graphics module  132  receives, from applications etc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with, if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and then generates screen image data to output to display controller  156 . 
     Text input module  134 , which may be a component of graphics module  132 , provides soft keyboards for entering text in various applications (e.g., contacts  137 , e-mail  140 , IM  141 , browser  147 , and any other application that needs text input). 
     GPS module  135  determines the location of the device and provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone  138  for use in location-based dialing, to camera  143  as picture/video metadata, and to applications that provide location-based services such as weather widgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets). 
     Applications  136  may include the following modules (or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof:
         contacts module  137  (sometimes called an address book or contact list);   telephone module  138 ;   video conferencing module  139 ;   e-mail client module  140 ;   instant messaging (IM) module  141 ;   workout support module  142 ;   camera module  143  for still and/or video images;   image management module  144 ;   browser module  147 ;   calendar module  148 ;   widget modules  149 , which may include one or more of: weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  149 - 3 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , dictionary widget  149 - 5 , and other widgets obtained by the user, as well as user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   widget creator module  150  for making user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   search module  151 ;   video and music player module  152 , which may be made up of a video player module and a music player module;   notes module  153 ;   map module  154 ; and/or   online video module  155 .       

     Examples of other applications  136  that may be stored in memory  102  include other word processing applications (e.g., word processing module  384 ), other image editing applications, drawing applications (e.g., drawing module  380 ), presentation applications (presentation module  382 ), spreadsheet applications (e.g., spreadsheet module  390 ), website creation applications (e.g., website creation module  386 ), JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice replication. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , contacts module  137  may be used to manage an address book or contact list (e.g., stored in application internal state  192  of contacts module  137  in memory  102  or memory  370 ), including: adding name(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book; associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or other information with a name; associating an image with a name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers or e-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications by telephone  138 , video conference  139 , e-mail  140 , or IM  141 ; and so forth. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , telephone module  138  may be used to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers in address book  137 , modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation and disconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As noted above, the wireless communication may use any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , contact list  137 , and telephone module  138 , videoconferencing module  139  includes executable instructions to initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user and one or more other participants in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140  includes executable instructions to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response to user instructions. In conjunction with image management module  144 , e-mail client module  140  makes it very easy to create and send e-mails with still or video images taken with camera module  143 . 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the instant messaging module  141  includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to an instant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit a respective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service (SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-based instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS for Internet-based instant messages), to receive instant messages and to view received instant messages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or received instant messages may include graphics, photos, audio files, video files and/or other attachments as are supported in a MMS and/or an Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging” refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , map module  154 , and music player module  146 , workout support module  142  includes executable instructions to create workouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burning goals); communicate with workout sensors (sports devices); receive workout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout; select and play music for a workout; and display, store and transmit workout data. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor(s)  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and image management module  144 , camera module  143  includes executable instructions to capture still images or video (including a video stream) and store them into memory  102 , modify characteristics of a still image or video, or delete a still image or video from memory  102 . 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and camera module  143 , image management module  144  includes executable instructions to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/or video images. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , browser module  147  includes executable instructions to browse the Internet in accordance with user instructions, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portions thereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , calendar module  148  includes executable instructions to create, display, modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendar entries, to do lists, etc.) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , widget modules  149  are mini-applications that may be downloaded and used by a user (e.g., weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  149 - 3 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , and dictionary widget  149 - 5 ) or created by the user (e.g., user-created widget  149 - 6 ). In some embodiments, a widget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In some embodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , the widget creator module  150  may be used by a user to create widgets (e.g., turning a user-specified portion of a web page into a widget). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , search module  151  includes executable instructions to search for text, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory  102  that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , and browser module  147 , video and music player module  152  includes executable instructions that allow the user to download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, and executable instructions to display, present or otherwise play back videos (e.g., on touch screen  112  or on an external, connected display via external port  124 ). In some embodiments, device  100  may include the functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , notes module  153  includes executable instructions to create and manage notes, to do lists, and the like in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , and browser module  147 , map module  154  may be used to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data associated with maps (e.g., driving directions; data on stores and other points of interest at or near a particular location; and other location-based data) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , online video module  155  includes instructions that allow the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen or on an external, connected display via external port  124 ), send an e-mail with a link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats, such as H.264. In some embodiments, instant messaging module  141 , rather than e-mail client module  140 , is used to send a link to a particular online video. 
     Each of the above identified modules and applications correspond to a set of executable instructions for performing one or more functions described above and the methods described in this application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods described herein). These modules (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  102  may store a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  102  may store additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     In some embodiments, device  100  is a device where operation of a predefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/or a touchpad as the primary input control device for operation of device  100 , the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) on device  100  may be reduced. 
     The predefined set of functions that may be performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad include navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by the user, navigates device  100  to a main, home, or root menu from any user interface that may be displayed on device  100 . In such embodiments, the touchpad may be referred to as a “menu button.” In some other embodiments, the menu button may be a physical push button or other physical input control device instead of a touchpad. 
       FIG. 1B  is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  102  (in  FIGS. 1A and 1B ) or  370  ( FIG. 3 ) includes event sorter  170  (e.g., in operating system  126 ) and a respective application  136 - 1  (e.g., any of the aforementioned applications  137 - 151 ,  155 ,  380 - 390 ). 
     Event sorter  170  receives event information and determines the application  136 - 1  and application view  191  of application  136 - 1  to which to deliver the event information. Event sorter  170  includes event monitor  171  and event dispatcher module  174 . In some embodiments, application  136 - 1  includes application internal state  192 , which indicates the current application view(s) displayed on touch sensitive display  112  when the application is active or executing. In some embodiments, device/global internal state  157  is used by event sorter  170  to determine which application(s) is (are) currently active, and application internal state  192  is used by event sorter  170  to determine application views  191  to which to deliver event information. 
     In some embodiments, application internal state  192  includes additional information, such as one or more of: resume information to be used when application  136 - 1  resumes execution, user interface state information that indicates information being displayed or that is ready for display by application  136 - 1 , a state queue for enabling the user to go back to a prior state or view of application  136 - 1 , and a redo/undo queue of previous actions taken by the user. 
     Event monitor  171  receives event information from peripherals interface  118 . Event information includes information about a sub-event (e.g., a user touch on touch-sensitive display  112 , as part of a multi-touch gesture). Peripherals interface  118  transmits information it receives from I/O subsystem  106  or a sensor, such as proximity sensor  166 , accelerometer(s)  168 , and/or microphone  113  (through audio circuitry  110 ). Information that peripherals interface  118  receives from I/O subsystem  106  includes information from touch-sensitive display  112  or a touch-sensitive surface. 
     In some embodiments, event monitor  171  sends requests to the peripherals interface  118  at predetermined intervals. In response, peripherals interface  118  transmits event information. In other embodiments, peripheral interface  118  transmits event information only when there is a significant event (e.g., receiving an input above a predetermined noise threshold and/or for more than a predetermined duration). 
     In some embodiments, event sorter  170  also includes a hit view determination module  172  and/or an active event recognizer determination module  173 . 
     Hit view determination module  172  provides software procedures for determining where a sub-event has taken place within one or more views, when touch sensitive display  112  displays more than one view. Views are made up of controls and other elements that a user can see on the display. 
     Another aspect of the user interface associated with an application is a set of views, sometimes herein called application views or user interface windows, in which information is displayed and touch-based gestures occur. The application views (of a respective application) in which a touch is detected may correspond to programmatic levels within a programmatic or view hierarchy of the application. For example, the lowest level view in which a touch is detected may be called the hit view, and the set of events that are recognized as proper inputs may be determined based, at least in part, on the hit view of the initial touch that begins a touch-based gesture. 
     Hit view determination module  172  receives information related to sub-events of a touch-based gesture. When an application has multiple views organized in a hierarchy, hit view determination module  172  identifies a hit view as the lowest view in the hierarchy which should handle the sub-event. In most circumstances, the hit view is the lowest level view in which an initiating sub-event occurs (i.e., the first sub-event in the sequence of sub-events that form an event or potential event). Once the hit view is identified by the hit view determination module, the hit view typically receives all sub-events related to the same touch or input source for which it was identified as the hit view. 
     Active event recognizer determination module  173  determines which view or views within a view hierarchy should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In some embodiments, active event recognizer determination module  173  determines that only the hit view should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, active event recognizer determination module  173  determines that all views that include the physical location of a sub-event are actively involved views, and therefore determines that all actively involved views should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, even if touch sub-events were entirely confined to the area associated with one particular view, views higher in the hierarchy would still remain as actively involved views. 
     Event dispatcher module  174  dispatches the event information to an event recognizer (e.g., event recognizer  180 ). In embodiments including active event recognizer determination module  173 , event dispatcher module  174  delivers the event information to an event recognizer determined by active event recognizer determination module  173 . In some embodiments, event dispatcher module  174  stores in an event queue the event information, which is retrieved by a respective event receiver module  182 . 
     In some embodiments, operating system  126  includes event sorter  170 . Alternatively, application  136 - 1  includes event sorter  170 . In yet other embodiments, event sorter  170  is a stand-alone module, or a part of another module stored in memory  102 , such as contact/motion module  130 . 
     In some embodiments, application  136 - 1  includes a plurality of event handlers  190  and one or more application views  191 , each of which includes instructions for handling touch events that occur within a respective view of the application&#39;s user interface. Each application view  191  of the application  136 - 1  includes one or more event recognizers  180 . Typically, a respective application view  191  includes a plurality of event recognizers  180 . In other embodiments, one or more of event recognizers  180  are part of a separate module, such as a user interface kit (not shown) or a higher level object from which application  136 - 1  inherits methods and other properties. In some embodiments, a respective event handler  190  includes one or more of: data updater  176 , object updater  177 , GUI updater  178 , and/or event data  179  received from event sorter  170 . Event handler  190  may utilize or call data updater  176 , object updater  177  or GUI updater  178  to update the application internal state  192 . Alternatively, one or more of the application views  191  includes one or more respective event handlers  190 . Also, in some embodiments, one or more of data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178  are included in a respective application view  191 . 
     A respective event recognizer  180  receives event information (e.g., event data  179 ) from event sorter  170 , and identifies an event from the event information. Event recognizer  180  includes event receiver  182  and event comparator  184 . In some embodiments, event recognizer  180  also includes at least a subset of: metadata  183 , and event delivery instructions  188  (which may include sub-event delivery instructions). 
     Event receiver  182  receives event information from event sorter  170 . The event information includes information about a sub-event, for example, a touch or a touch movement. Depending on the sub-event, the event information also includes additional information, such as location of the sub-event. When the sub-event concerns motion of a touch the event information may also include speed and direction of the sub-event. In some embodiments, events include rotation of the device from one orientation to another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to a landscape orientation, or vice versa), and the event information includes corresponding information about the current orientation (also called device attitude) of the device. 
     Event comparator  184  compares the event information to predefined event or sub-event definitions and, based on the comparison, determines an event or sub-event, or determines or updates the state of an event or sub-event. In some embodiments, event comparator  184  includes event definitions  186 . Event definitions  186  contain definitions of events (e.g., predefined sequences of sub-events), for example, event  1  ( 187 - 1 ), event  2  ( 187 - 2 ), and others. In some embodiments, sub-events in an event  187  include, for example, touch begin, touch end, touch movement, touch cancellation, and multiple touching. In one example, the definition for event  1  ( 187 - 1 ) is a double tap on a displayed object. The double tap, for example, comprises a first touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a first lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase, a second touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, and a second lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase. In another example, the definition for event  2  ( 187 - 2 ) is a dragging on a displayed object. The dragging, for example, comprises a touch (or contact) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a movement of the touch across touch-sensitive display  112 , and lift-off of the touch (touch end). In some embodiments, the event also includes information for one or more associated event handlers  190 . 
     In some embodiments, event definition  187  includes a definition of an event for a respective user-interface object. In some embodiments, event comparator  184  performs a hit test to determine which user-interface object is associated with a sub-event. For example, in an application view in which three user-interface objects are displayed on touch-sensitive display  112 , when a touch is detected on touch-sensitive display  112 , event comparator  184  performs a hit test to determine which of the three user-interface objects is associated with the touch (sub-event). If each displayed object is associated with a respective event handler  190 , the event comparator uses the result of the hit test to determine which event handler  190  should be activated. For example, event comparator  184  selects an event handler associated with the sub-event and the object triggering the hit test. 
     In some embodiments, the definition for a respective event  187  also includes delayed actions that delay delivery of the event information until after it has been determined whether the sequence of sub-events does or does not correspond to the event recognizer&#39;s event type. 
     When a respective event recognizer  180  determines that the series of sub-events do not match any of the events in event definitions  186 , the respective event recognizer  180  enters an event impossible, event failed, or event ended state, after which it disregards subsequent sub-events of the touch-based gesture. In this situation, other event recognizers, if any, that remain active for the hit view continue to track and process sub-events of an ongoing touch-based gesture. 
     In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  includes metadata  183  with configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how the event delivery system should perform sub-event delivery to actively involved event recognizers. In some embodiments, metadata  183  includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how event recognizers may interact with one another. In some embodiments, metadata  183  includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate whether sub-events are delivered to varying levels in the view or programmatic hierarchy. 
     In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  activates event handler  190  associated with an event when one or more particular sub-events of an event are recognized. In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  delivers event information associated with the event to event handler  190 . Activating an event handler  190  is distinct from sending (and deferred sending) sub-events to a respective hit view. In some embodiments, event recognizer  180  throws a flag associated with the recognized event, and event handler  190  associated with the flag catches the flag and performs a predefined process. 
     In some embodiments, event delivery instructions  188  include sub-event delivery instructions that deliver event information about a sub-event without activating an event handler. Instead, the sub-event delivery instructions deliver event information to event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or to actively involved views. Event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or with actively involved views receive the event information and perform a predetermined process. 
     In some embodiments, data updater  176  creates and updates data used in application  136 - 1 . For example, data updater  176  updates the telephone number used in contacts module  137 , or stores a video file used in video player module  145 . In some embodiments, object updater  177  creates and updates objects used in application  136 - 1 . For example, object updater  176  creates a new user-interface object or updates the position of a user-interface object. GUI updater  178  updates the GUI. For example, GUI updater  178  prepares display information and sends it to graphics module  132  for display on a touch-sensitive display. 
     In some embodiments, event handler(s)  190  includes or has access to data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178 . In some embodiments, data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178  are included in a single module of a respective application  136 - 1  or application view  191 . In other embodiments, they are included in two or more software modules. 
     It shall be understood that the foregoing discussion regarding event handling of user touches on touch-sensitive displays also applies to other forms of user inputs to operate multifunction devices  100  with input-devices, not all of which are initiated on touch screens, e.g., coordinating mouse movement and mouse button presses with or without single or multiple keyboard presses or holds, user movements taps, drags, scrolls, etc., on touch-pads, pen stylus inputs, movement of the device, oral instructions, detected eye movements, biometric inputs, and/or any combination thereof, which may be utilized as inputs corresponding to sub-events which define an event to be recognized. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a portable multifunction device  100  having a touch screen  112  in accordance with some embodiments. The touch screen may display one or more graphics within user interface (UI)  200 . In this embodiment, as well as others described below, a user may select one or more of the graphics by making a gesture on the graphics, for example, with one or more fingers  202  (not drawn to scale in the figure) or one or more styluses  203  (not drawn to scale in the figure). In some embodiments, selection of one or more graphics occurs when the user breaks contact with the one or more graphics. In some embodiments, the gesture may include one or more taps, one or more swipes (from left to right, right to left, upward and/or downward) and/or a rolling of a finger (from right to left, left to right, upward and/or downward) that has made contact with device  100 . In some embodiments, inadvertent contact with a graphic may not select the graphic. For example, a swipe gesture that sweeps over an application icon may not select the corresponding application when the gesture corresponding to selection is a tap. 
     Device  100  may also include one or more physical buttons, such as “home” or menu button  204 . As described previously, menu button  204  may be used to navigate to any application  136  in a set of applications that may be executed on device  100 . Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as a soft key in a GUI displayed on touch screen  112 . 
     In one embodiment, device  100  includes touch screen  112 , menu button  204 , push button  206  for powering the device on/off and locking the device, volume adjustment button(s)  208 , Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card slot  210 , head set jack  212 , and docking/charging external port  124 . Push button  206  may be used to turn the power on/off on the device by depressing the button and holding the button in the depressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by depressing the button and releasing the button before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an unlock process. In an alternative embodiment, device  100  also may accept verbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions through microphone  113 . 
       FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. Device  300  need not be portable. In some embodiments, device  300  is a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a tablet computer, a multimedia player device, a navigation device, an educational device (such as a child&#39;s learning toy), a gaming system, or a control device (e.g., a home or industrial controller). Device  300  typically includes one or more processing units (CPU&#39;s)  310 , one or more network or other communications interfaces  360 , memory  370 , and one or more communication buses  320  for interconnecting these components. Communication buses  320  may include circuitry (sometimes called a chipset) that interconnects and controls communications between system components. Device  300  includes input/output (I/O) interface  330  comprising display  340 , which is typically a touch screen display. I/O interface  330  also may include a keyboard and/or mouse (or other pointing device)  350  and touchpad  355 . Memory  370  includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM or other random access solid state memory devices; and may include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory  370  may optionally include one or more storage devices remotely located from CPU(s)  310 . In some embodiments, memory  370  stores programs, modules, and data structures analogous to the programs, modules, and data structures stored in memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100  ( FIG. 1 ), or a subset thereof. Furthermore, memory  370  may store additional programs, modules, and data structures not present in memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100 . For example, memory  370  of device  300  may store drawing module  380 , presentation module  382 , word processing module  384 , website creation module  386 , disk authoring module  388 , and/or spreadsheet module  390 , while memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100  ( FIG. 1 ) may or may not store these modules. 
     Each of the above identified elements in  FIG. 3  may be stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices. Each of the above identified modules corresponds to a set of instructions for performing a function described above. The above identified modules or programs (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  370  may store a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  370  may store additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) that may be implemented on portable multifunction device  100 . 
       FIG. 4A  illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu of applications on portable multifunction device  100  in accordance with some embodiments. Similar user interfaces may be implemented on device  300 . In some embodiments, user interface  400  includes the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:
         Signal strength indicator(s)  402  for wireless communication(s), such as cellular and Wi-Fi signals;   Time  404 ;   Bluetooth indicator  405 ;   Battery status indicator  406 ;   Tray  408  with icons for frequently used applications, such as:
           Phone  138 , which may include an indicator  414  of the number of missed calls or voicemail messages;   E-mail client  140 , which may include an indicator  410  of the number of unread e-mails;   Browser  147 ; and   Video and music player  152 , also referred to as iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) module  152 ; and   
           Icons for other applications, such as:
           IM  141 ;   Image management  144 ;   Camera  143 ;   Weather  149 - 1 ;   Stocks  149 - 2 ;   Workout support  142 ;   Calendar  148 ;   Alarm clock  149 - 4 ;   Map  154 ;   Notes  153 ;   Settings  412 , which provides access to settings for device  100  and its various applications  136 ;   Online video module  155 , also referred to as YouTube (trademark of Google Inc.) module  155 ;   Word processor  384 ;   Drawing  380 ;   Spreadsheet  390 ; and   Presentation  382 .   
               

       FIG. 4B  illustrates an exemplary user interface on a device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG. 3 ) with a touch-sensitive surface  451  (e.g., a tablet or touchpad  355 ,  FIG. 3 ) that is separate from the display  450  (e.g., touch screen display  112 ). Although many of the examples which follow will be given with reference to inputs on touch screen display  112  (where the touch sensitive surface and the display are combined), in some embodiments, the device detects inputs on a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display, as shown in  FIG. 4B . In some embodiments the touch sensitive surface (e.g.,  451  in  FIG. 4B ) has a primary axis (e.g.,  452  in  FIG. 4B ) that corresponds to a primary axis (e.g.,  453  in  FIG. 4B ) on the display (e.g.,  450 ). In accordance with these embodiments, the device detects contacts (e.g.,  460  and  462  in  FIG. 4B ) with the touch-sensitive surface  451  at locations that correspond to respective locations on the display (e.g., in  FIG. 4B ,  460  corresponds to  468  and  462  corresponds to  470 ). In this way, user inputs (e.g., contacts  460  and  462 , and movements thereof) detected by the device on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,  451  in  FIG. 4B ) are used by the device to manipulate the user interface on the display (e.g.,  450  in  FIG. 4B ) of the multifunction device when the touch-sensitive surface is separate from the display. It should be understood that similar methods may be used for other user interfaces described herein. 
     User Interfaces and Associated Processes 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) and associated processes that may be implemented on an electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface, such as device  300  or portable multifunction device  100 . 
       FIGS. 5A-5P  illustrate exemplary user interfaces for navigating and editing text via a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes in  FIGS. 6A-6F . 
       FIG. 5A  illustrates electronic document  500  being displayed on touch screen  112  of device  100 . Electronic document  500  includes text  502 . In some embodiments, the electronic document is a plain text document, a word processing document, a presentation document with text, a spreadsheet with text, or a drawing document with text. 
     In  FIG. 5A , text  502 - 1  in a first page is displayed on touch screen  112 . Insertion marker  504  is displayed at a position in text  502 - 1 , namely, just before the word “battle-field” in the sentence “We are met on a great battle-field of that war,” as shown in  FIG. 5A . For ease of explanation, the position of insertion marker  504 , relative to text  502 - 1 , as shown in  FIG. 5A  (i.e., just before the word “battle-field” in the sentence “We are met on a great battle-field of that war.”) will be referred to below as “Position  1 .” 
     In some embodiments, electronic document  500  is displayed in an edit mode, and insertion marker  504  is displayed in text  502  while document  500  is displayed in edit mode. While in edit mode, virtual keyboard  501 , for receiving user text entry, may be displayed on touch screen  112 . 
     Also illustrated in  FIG. 5A  is gesture  506  that is detected on touch screen  112 . Gesture  506  includes finger contact  506 -A on touch screen  112  and movement  508  of finger contact  506 -A. Movement  508  is horizontal or substantially horizontal (e.g., movement  508  is within 10, 20, or 30 degrees off from true horizontal), and rightward. 
     The action performed by device  100  in response to detection of gesture  506  depends on whether gesture  506  is determined to satisfy one or more particular predefined conditions. In some embodiments, the one or more predefined conditions include conditions regarding an initial velocity of gesture  506 . For example, if the initial velocity of gesture  506  is less than a predefined threshold velocity, document  500  (including text  502 ) is translated (e.g., by panning or by scrolling) on touch screen  112  in accordance with the direction of movement  508  of gesture  506 . For example, as shown in  FIG. 5B , document  500 , including text  502 - 1 , is panned rightward  512  in accordance with the direction of movement  508  of gesture  506 . Insertion marker  504  is moved rightward along with text  502 - 1  in order to maintain its position at Position  1 . In some embodiments, the predefined threshold velocity is 250, 333, or 500 points per second. 
     If the initial velocity of gesture  506  is more than the predefined threshold velocity, insertion marker  504  is moved by one character in text  502 - 1  from Position  1  in accordance with the rightward direction of movement  508  of gesture  506 , as shown in  FIG. 5C . In  FIG. 5C , one character rightward (in accordance with the direction of movement  508 ) from Position  1  places insertion marker  504  at a position between “b” and “a” in the word “battle-field” in the same sentence as Position  1 . For ease of explanation, the position of insertion marker  504 , relative to text  502 - 1 , as shown in  FIG. 5C  (i.e., between “b” and “a” in the word “battle-field” in the sentence “We are met on a great battle-field of that war.”) will be referred to below as “Position  2 .” 
     In some other embodiments, the predefined conditions include a distance moved by contact  506 -A during movement  508  in a predefined initial time (e.g., 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, or 0.25 seconds) since contact  506 -A was detected on touch screen  112 . If the distance moved is less than a predefined initial movement threshold (e.g., movement by 25, 50, or 75 points, where 1 point= 1/72 inches), document  500  is translated, as described above with reference to  FIG. 5B . If the distance moved is greater than the predefined initial movement threshold, insertion marker  504  is moved by one character to Position  2 , as described above with reference to  FIG. 5C . 
     In some embodiments, the conditions associated with moving insertion marker  504  by one character to Position  2  further includes a condition that the detected gesture be a single-finger gesture (which is satisfied by gesture  506 ). That is, insertion marker  504  is moved by one character if the initial velocity or the initial movement condition is satisfied, and gesture  506  is a single-finger gesture. In some embodiments, the conditions associated with translating document  500  are indifferent with respect to whether the detected gesture is a single-finger or a multi-finger gesture. 
     Returning to  FIG. 5C , gesture  514  is detected on touch screen  112  while insertion marker  504  is positioned at Position  2 . Gesture  514  includes finger contact  514 -A and movement  516  of contact  514 -A. Movement  516  is vertical or substantially vertical (e.g., movement  516  is within 10, 20, or 30 degrees off from true vertical), and downward. 
     The action performed by device  100  in response to detection of gesture  514  depends on whether gesture  514  is determined to satisfy one or more particular predefined conditions. In some embodiments, the one or more predefined conditions include conditions regarding an initial velocity of gesture  514 . For example, if the initial velocity of gesture  514  is less than a predefined threshold velocity, document  500  (including text  502 ) is translated (e.g., by panning or by scrolling) on touch screen  112  in accordance with the direction of movement  516  of gesture  514 . For example, as shown in  FIG. 5D , document  500 , including text  502 - 1 , is scrolled downward  520  in accordance with the direction of movement  516  of gesture  514 . Insertion marker  504  is moved downward along with text  502 - 1  in order to maintain its position at Position  2 . In some embodiments, the predefined threshold velocity is 250, 333, or 500 points per second. 
     If the initial velocity of gesture  514  is more than the predefined threshold velocity, insertion marker  504  is moved by one vertically adjacent line in text  502 - 1  from Position  2  in accordance with the direction of movement  516  of gesture  514 , as shown in  FIG. 5E . In  FIG. 5E , one adjacent line downward (in accordance with the direction of movement  516 ) from the line of text containing Position  2  places insertion marker  504  at a position between “a” and “t” in the word “that” in the partial sentence “come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for.” For ease of explanation, the position of insertion marker  504 , relative to text  502 - 1 , as shown in  FIG. 5E  (i.e., between “a” and “t” in the word “that” in the partial sentence “come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for”) will be referred to below as “Position  3 .” 
     In some embodiments, the movement of insertion marker  504  by one adjacent line is vertical or substantially vertical. In some embodiments, the position to which insertion marker  504  moves from Position  1  is a position in the adjacent line that is closest to an imaginary vertical line intersecting Position  1 . 
     In some other embodiments, the predefined conditions include a distance moved by contact  514 -A during movement  516  in a predefined initial time (e.g., 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, or 0.25 seconds) since contact  514 -A was detected on touch screen  112 . If the distance moved is less than a predefined initial movement threshold (e.g., movement by 25, 50, or 75 points, where 1 point= 1/72 inches), document  500  is translated, as described above with reference to  FIG. 5D . If the distance moved is greater than the predefined initial movement threshold, insertion marker  504  is moved by one adjacent line to Position  3 , as described above with reference to  FIG. 5E . 
     In some embodiments, the conditions associated with moving insertion marker  504  by one adjacent line to Position  3  further includes a condition that the detected gesture be a single-finger gesture (which is satisfied by gesture  514 ). That is, insertion marker  504  is moved by one adjacent line if the initial velocity or the initial movement condition is satisfied, and gesture  514  is a single-finger gesture. In some embodiments, the conditions associated with translating document  500  are indifferent with respect to whether the detected gesture is a single-finger or a multi-finger gesture. 
       FIG. 5F  illustrates gesture  522  detected on touch screen  112 . Gesture  522  is a two-finger gesture; gesture  522  includes finger contacts  522 -A and  522 -B and movement  524  of finger contacts  522 -A and  522 -B. Movement  524  is horizontal or substantially horizontal, and rightward. 
     In response to the detection of gesture  522 , insertion marker  504  is moved from Position  1  by one word rightward (i.e., in accordance with the direction of movement  524  of gesture  522 ) to a position just before the word “of” in the sentence “We are met on a great battle-field of that war.” as shown in  FIG. 5G . For ease of explanation, this new position is referred to below as “Position  4 .” 
     In some embodiments, movement by “one word” from a current position in a current word (e.g., a position at the beginning of the current word, after a space and before the first character in the current word; a position between characters in the middle of the current word; or a position at the end of the current word, after the last character in the current word and prior to a space) includes movement to the beginning of the next word after the current word (e.g., for a rightward horizontal gesture). In some embodiments, movement by “one word” from a current position in a current word includes (a) movement to the beginning of the current word if the current position is in the middle of the current word or at the end of the current word, and (b) movement to the beginning of the word immediately before the current word if the current position is at the beginning of the current word (e.g., for a leftward horizontal gesture). In some other embodiments, movement by “one word” from a current position in a current word includes movement to the beginning of the word immediately before the current word if the current position is at the beginning, middle, or end of the current word (e.g., for a leftward horizontal gesture). 
     In some embodiments, movement of insertion marker  504  by one word in response to the detection of gesture  522  is in response to a determination that gesture  522  satisfies one or more particular predefined conditions. In some embodiments, the one or more predefined conditions include a condition that the detected gesture be a multi-finger gesture (e.g., two-finger or three-finger gesture). In some embodiments, the multi-finger gesture condition requires that the detected gesture be a two-finger gesture (which is satisfied by gesture  522 ). 
       FIG. 5H  illustrates gesture  526  detected on touch screen  112 . Gesture  526  is a three-finger gesture; gesture  526  includes finger contacts  526 -A,  526 -B, and  526 -C, and movement  528  of finger contacts  526 -A thru  526 -C. Movement  528  is horizontal or substantially horizontal, and rightward. 
     In some embodiments, in response to the detection of gesture  526 , insertion marker  504  is moved from Position  1  to the end of the line of text in which Position  1  is located, in accordance with the direction of movement  528  of gesture  526 , as shown in  FIG. 5I . For ease of explanation, this new position is referred to below as “Position  5 .” 
     In some other embodiments, in response to the detection of gesture  526 , insertion marker  504  is moved from Position  1  to the beginning of the sentence “We have come to dedicate a portion . . . ”, which is the sentence following the sentence “We are met on a great battle-field of that war.” in which Position  1  is located, as shown in  FIG. 5J . The movement of insertion marker  504  is in accordance with the direction of movement  528  of gesture  526 . For ease of explanation, the new position of insertion marker  504  as shown in  FIG. 5J  is referred to below as “Position  6 .” 
     In some embodiments, movement of insertion marker  504  to the end of the line (or, in some other embodiments, to the beginning of the next sentence) in response to the detection of gesture  526  is in response to a determination that gesture  526  satisfies one or more particular predefined conditions. In some embodiments, the one or more predefined conditions include a condition that the detected gesture be a multi-finger gesture (e.g., two-finger or three-finger gesture). In some embodiments, the multi-finger gesture condition requires that the detected gesture be a three-finger gesture (which is satisfied by gesture  526 ). 
       FIG. 5K  illustrates text  502 - 1  displayed on touch screen  112  with selection range  530  over a portion of text  502 - 1 . Selection range  530  selects the sentence “We are met on a great battle-field of that war.”, starting from just before the letter “W” in the word “We” and ending just after the period ending the sentence. In some embodiments, when selection range  530  is displayed, insertion marker  504  is not displayed, as is the case illustrated in  FIG. 5K . 
       FIG. 5K  also illustrates gesture  532  detected on touch screen  112 . Gesture  532  includes contact  532 -A and movement  534  of contact  532 -A. Movement  534  is horizontal or substantially horizontal, and rightward. 
     In response to the detection of gesture  532 , insertion marker  504  is placed at a position corresponding to the end of selection range  530  (in accordance with the direction of movement  534  of gesture  532 ), just after the period ending the sentence “We are met on a great battle-field of that war.”, as shown in  FIG. 5L . This position is referred to below as “Position  7 .” Also in response to the detection of gesture  532 , the text selected by selection range  530  is deselected (and selection range  530  ceases to be displayed). 
     In some embodiments, placement of insertion marker  504  at the end of selection range  530  in response to the detection of gesture  532  is in response to a determination that gesture  532  satisfies one or more particular predefined conditions. In some embodiments, the one or more predefined conditions include a condition that the detected gesture be a single-finger gesture (which is satisfied by gesture  532 ). 
       FIG. 5M  illustrates gesture  536  detected on touch screen  112  while insertion marker  504  is displayed at Position  2  in text  502 - 1 . Gesture  536  includes contacts  536 -A and  536 -B, and movement  538  of the contacts  536 -A and  536 -B. Movement  538  is vertical or substantially vertical, and downward. 
     In response to the detection of gesture  536 , insertion marker  504  is placed at a position corresponding to the beginning of the paragraph subsequent to the paragraph in which Position  2  is located, as shown in  FIG. 5N . The new position, referred to below as “Position  8 ,” is downward from Position  2  in text  502 - 1 ; insertion marker  504  moves from Position  2  to Position  8  in accordance with the downward direction of movement  538 . 
     In some embodiments, movement of insertion marker  504  from Position  2  to Position  8  in response to the detection of gesture  536  is in response to a determination that gesture  536  satisfies one or more particular predefined conditions. In some embodiments, the one or more predefined conditions include a condition that the detected gesture be a multi-finger gesture. In some embodiments, the condition is that the detected gesture be a two-finger gesture (which is satisfied by gesture  536 ). 
       FIG. 5O  illustrates gesture  540  detected on touch screen  112  while insertion marker  504  is displayed at Position  2  in text  502 - 1 . Gesture  540  includes contacts  540 -A,  540 -B, and  540 -C, and movement  542  of the contacts  540 -A thru  540 -C. Movement  542  is vertical or substantially vertical, and downward. 
     In response to the detection of gesture  540 , insertion marker  504  is placed at a position corresponding to the beginning of the text  502 - 2  in a page subsequent to the page containing text  502 - 1 , in which Position  2  is located, as shown in  FIG. 5P . The new position, referred to below as “Position  9 ,” is downward from Position  2  in text  502 - 1  in the sense that Position  9  comes after Position  2  in text  502 ; insertion marker  504  moves from Position  2  to Position  9  in accordance with the downward direction of movement  542 . 
     In some embodiments, movement of insertion marker  504  from Position  2  to Position  9  in response to the detection of gesture  540  is in response to a determination that gesture  540  satisfies one or more particular predefined conditions. In some embodiments, the one or more predefined conditions include a condition that the detected gesture be a multi-finger gesture. In some embodiments, the condition is that the detected gesture be a three-finger gesture (which is satisfied by gesture  540 ). 
     It should be appreciated that the gestures described above with reference to  FIGS. 5A-5P  may be performed and repeated in any suitable sequence to move insertion marker  504  or translate the document by any desired amount. 
       FIGS. 6A-6F  are flow diagrams illustrating a method  600  of navigating and editing text via a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. The method  600  is performed at an electronic device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG. 3 , or portable multifunction device  100 ,  FIG. 1 ) with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is a touch screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method  600  may be combined and/or the order of some operations may be changed. 
     As described below, the method  600  provides an intuitive way to position an insertion marker within a document. Fast imprecise finger swipe gestures are used to precisely move an insertion marker by a desired amount, while slower, more deliberate gestures are used to navigate (e.g., scroll or translate) the document. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when navigating and editing text via a touch-sensitive surface, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to position an insertion marker within text faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges. 
     The device displays text of an electronic document on the display ( 602 ). For example, in  FIG. 5A , text  502 - 1  of electronic document  500  is displayed on touch screen  112 . In some embodiments, the display is a touch screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on the display ( 604 ). 
     The device displays an insertion marker (e.g., an I-beam, underline, rectangle, or other text cursor) at a first position in the text of the electronic document (e.g., in an editing mode for the electronic document) ( 606 ). For example, in  FIG. 5A , insertion marker  504  is displayed at Position  1  in text  502 - 1 . 
     The device detects a first horizontal (or substantially horizontal, e.g., within 10, 20, or 30 degrees of horizontal) gesture on the touch-sensitive surface ( 608 ). In  FIG. 5A , for example, gesture  506  is detected on touch screen  112 . Gesture  506  has movement  508  that is horizontal. 
     In response to a determination that the first horizontal gesture satisfies a first set of one or more predefined conditions ( 612 ), the device translates (e.g., panning or scrolling) the electronic document on the display in accordance with a direction of the first horizontal gesture ( 614 ) and maintains the insertion marker at the first position in the text ( 616 ). For example, if device  100  determines that gesture  506  satisfies a first set of one or more predefined conditions, in response to the determination, document  500 , including text  502 - 1  is panned in direction  512  (which is in accord with the direction of movement  508 , as shown in  FIG. 5B . Throughout the panning of document  500 , insertion marker  504  is maintained at Position  1  within text  502 - 1 , as shown in  FIG. 5B . 
     In response to a determination that the first horizontal gesture satisfies a second set of one or more predefined conditions that is distinct from the first set of one or more predefined conditions, the device moves the insertion marker by one character in the text from the first position to a second position in the text in accordance with the direction of the first horizontal gesture ( 622 ). For example, if device  100  determines that gesture  506  satisfies a second set of one or more predefined conditions that is distinct from the first set of predefined conditions, in response to the determination, insertion marker  504  is moved from Position  1  in  FIG. 5A  to Position  2  in  FIG. 5C . Position  2  is one character forward in text  502 - 1  from Position  1 , which is in accord with the direction of movement  508 , as the direction of movement  508  points in the forward direction with respect to text  502 - 1 . 
     In some embodiments, the first set of one or more predefined conditions includes an initial velocity of the first horizontal gesture being less than a predefined threshold velocity (e.g., 250, 333, or 500 points/sec) ( 618 ), and the second set of one or more predefined conditions includes the initial velocity of the first horizontal gesture being more than the predefined threshold velocity ( 624 ). For example, device  100  detects an initial velocity of gesture  506 . If the initial velocity of gesture  506  is less than a predefined threshold velocity, then document  500  is panned and insertion marker  504  remains at Position  1 , as shown in  FIG. 5B . If the initial velocity of gesture  506  is more than the predefined threshold velocity, then insertion marker  504  is moved to Position  2 , as shown in  FIG. 5C . 
     In some embodiments, the first horizontal gesture includes a finger contact and movement of the finger contact ( 610 ), the first set of one or more predefined conditions includes an initial movement of the finger contact (e.g., movement by 25, 50, or 75 points, where 1 point = 1/72 inches) in a predefined initial time since detecting the finger contact (e.g., 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, or 0.25 seconds) being less than a predefined initial movement threshold ( 620 ), and the second set of one or more predefined conditions includes the initial movement of the finger contact in the predefined initial time since detecting the finger contact being greater than the predefined initial movement threshold ( 626 ). For example, gesture  506  includes contact  506 -A and movement  508  of contact  506 -A. If contact  506 -A moves, in a predefined initial time since detection of contact  506 -A, a distance less than a predefined initial movement threshold, then document  500  is panned and insertion marker  504  remains at Position  1 , as shown in  FIG. 5B . If contact  506 -A moves, in the predefined initial time since detection of contact  506 -A, a distance more than the predefined initial movement threshold, then insertion marker  504  is moved to Position  2 , as shown in  FIG. 5C . 
     In some embodiments, the second set of one or more predefined conditions includes that the first horizontal gesture is a single-finger gesture ( 628 ). For example, in 
       FIG. 5C , insertion marker  504  moves from Position  1  to Position  2  in response to a single-finger (i.e., one finger contact  506 -A) gesture  506 . Thus, in some embodiments, a quick, horizontal swipe gesture with a single finger moves the insertion marker by one character in the direction of the gesture, while a slower horizontal gesture with a single finger translates the document in the direction of the gesture. In some embodiments, if a multi-finger gesture with horizontal movement is detected instead of gesture  506 , other operations may be performed or gesture  506  may be ignored. 
     In some embodiments, while displaying the insertion marker at the second position in the text of the electronic document ( 630 ), the device detects a vertical (or substantially vertical, e.g., within 10, 20, or 30 degrees of vertical) gesture on the touch-sensitive surface ( 630 ). For example, in  FIG. 5C , while insertion marker  504  is displayed at Position  2 , gesture  514  is detected on touch screen  112 . Gesture  514  includes downward vertical movement  516 . 
     In response to a determination that the vertical gesture satisfies a third set of one or more predefined conditions ( 636 ), the device translates (e.g., scrolls) the electronic document on the display in accordance with a direction of the vertical gesture ( 638 ) and maintains the insertion marker at the second position in the text ( 640 ). For example, if device  100  determines that gesture  514  satisfies a third set of one or more predefined conditions, in response to the determination, document  500 , including text  502 - 1  is scrolled in direction  520  (which is in accord with the direction of movement  516 , as shown in  FIG. 5D . Throughout the scrolling of document  500 , insertion marker  504  is maintained at Position  2  within text  502 - 1 , as shown in  FIG. 5D . 
     In response to a determination that the vertical gesture satisfies a fourth set of one or more predefined conditions that is distinct from the third set of one or more predefined conditions, the device moves the insertion marker from a line in the text containing the second position to a vertically adjacent line in the text in accordance with the direction of the vertical gesture ( 646 ). For example, if device  100  determines that gesture  514  satisfies a fourth set of one or more predefined conditions that is distinct from the third set of predefined conditions, in response to the determination, insertion marker  504  is moved from Position  2  in  FIG. 5C  to Position  3  in  FIG. 5E . Position  3  is one line downward in text  502 - 1  from Position  2 , which is in accord with the downward direction of movement  516 . 
     In some embodiments, the third set of one or more predefined conditions includes an initial velocity of the vertical gesture being less than a predefined threshold velocity (e.g., 250, 333, or 500 points/sec) ( 642 ), and the fourth set of one or more predefined conditions includes the initial velocity of the vertical gesture being more than the predefined threshold velocity ( 648 ). For example, device  100  detects an initial velocity of gesture  514 . If the initial velocity of gesture  514  is less than a predefined threshold velocity, then document  500  is scrolled and insertion marker  504  remains at Position  2 , as shown in  FIG. 5D . If the initial velocity of gesture  514  is more than the predefined threshold velocity, then insertion marker  504  is moved to Position  3 , as shown in  FIG. 5E . 
     In some embodiments, the vertical gesture includes a finger contact and movement of the finger contact ( 634 ), the third set of one or more predefined conditions includes an initial movement of the finger contact (e.g., movement by 25, 50, or 75 points, where 1 point = 1/72 inches) in a predefined initial time since detecting the finger contact (e.g., 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, or 0.25 seconds) being less than a predefined initial movement threshold ( 644 ), and the fourth set of one or more predefined conditions includes the initial movement of the finger contact in the predefined initial time since detecting the finger contact being greater than the predefined initial movement threshold ( 650 ). For example, gesture  514  ( FIG. 5C ) includes contact  514 -A and movement  516  of contact  514 -A. If contact  514 -A moves, in a predefined initial time since detection of contact  514 -A, a distance less than a predefined initial movement threshold, then document  500  is scrolled and insertion marker  504  remains at Position  2 , as shown in  FIG. 5D . If contact  514 -A moves, in the predefined initial time since detection of contact  514 -A, a distance more than the predefined initial movement threshold, then insertion marker  504  is moved to Position  3 , as shown in  FIG. 5E . 
     In some embodiments, the fourth set of one or more predefined conditions includes that the vertical gesture is a single-finger gesture ( 652 ). For example, in  FIG. 5E , insertion marker  504  moves from Position  2  to Position  3  in response to a single-finger (i.e., one finger contact  514 -A) gesture  514 . Thus, in some embodiments, a quick, vertical swipe gesture with a single finger moves the insertion marker by one line in the direction of the gesture, while a slower vertical gesture with a single finger translates the document in the direction of the gesture. In some embodiments, if a multi-finger gesture with vertical movement is detected instead of gesture  514 , other operations may be performed or gesture  514  may be ignored. 
     In some embodiments, in response to a determination that the first horizontal gesture satisfies a fifth set of one or more predefined conditions that is distinct from the first set of one or more predefined conditions and the second set of one or more predefined conditions, the device moves the insertion marker by one word in the text from the first position in accordance with the direction of the first horizontal gesture ( 662 ). For example, in  FIG. 5F , gesture  522  is detected instead of gesture  506  ( FIG. 5A ). Gesture  522  includes horizontal movement  524 . If device  100  determines that gesture  522  satisfies a fifth set of one or more predefined conditions that is distinct from the first or second set of predefined conditions, in response to the determination, insertion marker  504  is moved from Position  1  in  FIG. 5F , in accordance with the direction of movement  524  of gesture  522 , to Position  4  in  FIG. 5G . Position  4  is located at the beginning of the next word (following the direction of movement  524  of gesture  522 ) from the word at the beginning of which Position  1  is located. 
     In some embodiments, the fifth set of one or more predefined conditions includes that the first horizontal gesture is a multi-finger gesture (e.g., a two-finger or three-finger swipe gesture) ( 664 ). For example, in  FIGS. 5F-5G , insertion marker  504  is moved, from Position  1  to Position  4  (instead of Position  2 ) in response to multi-finger gesture  522 . In some embodiments, insertion marker  504  is moved by one word if the horizontal gesture is a two-finger gesture, and moved by a different amount than one character or one word if the horizontal gesture is a three-finger gesture. In some embodiments, the fifth set of predefined conditions includes, in addition to the gesture being a multi-finger gesture, the initial speed of the multi-finger gesture being more than a predefined threshold velocity (e.g., 250, 333, or 500 points/sec). 
     In some embodiments, in response to a determination that the first horizontal gesture satisfies a sixth set of one or more predefined conditions that is distinct from the first set of one or more predefined conditions and the second set of one or more predefined conditions, the device moves the insertion marker to a beginning or an end of a line of text containing the first position in accordance with the direction of the first horizontal gesture ( 666 ). For example, in  FIG. 5H , gesture  526  is detected instead of gesture  506  ( FIG. 5A ). Gesture  526  includes horizontal movement  528 . If device  100  determines that gesture  526  satisfies a sixth set of one or more predefined conditions that is distinct from the first and second set of predefined conditions, in response to the determination, insertion marker  504  is moved from Position  1  in  FIG. 5H  to Position  5  in  FIG. 5I , in accordance with the direction of movement  528  of gesture  526 . Position  5  is located at the end of the line of text in which Position  1  is located. 
     In some embodiments, the insertion marker moves to the beginning of a next line of text after the line of text containing the first position, instead of moving to the end of the line of text containing the first position. For example, instead of moving to Position  5 , the insertion marker may be moved to the beginning of the line of text after the line in which Position  1  is located. 
     In some embodiments, the sixth set of one or more predefined conditions includes that the first horizontal gesture is a multi-finger gesture (e.g., a two-finger or three-finger swipe gesture) ( 668 ). For example, in  FIGS. 5H-5I , insertion marker  504  is moved, from Position  1  to Position  5  (instead of Position  2 ) in response to multi-finger gesture  526 . In some embodiments, insertion marker  504  is moved to the beginning or end of the line of text where the first position is located if the gesture is a three-finger gesture, and moved by a different amount than one character or to the beginning/end of the line if the gesture is a two-finger gesture. In some embodiments, the sixth set of predefined conditions includes, in addition to the gesture being a multi-finger gesture, the initial speed of the multi-finger gesture being more than a predefined threshold velocity (e.g., 250, 333, or 500 points/sec). 
     In some embodiments, in response to a determination that the first horizontal gesture satisfies a seventh set of one or more predefined conditions that is distinct from the first set of one or more predefined conditions and the second set of one or more predefined conditions, the device moves the insertion marker to a beginning of a sentence containing the first position or a beginning of a next sentence after the sentence containing the first position in accordance with the direction of the first horizontal gesture ( 670 ). For example, in  FIG. 5H , gesture  526  is detected instead of gesture  506  ( FIG. 5A ). Gesture  526  includes horizontal movement  528 . If device  100  determines that gesture  526  satisfies a seventh set of one or more predefined conditions that is distinct from the first or second set of predefined conditions, in response to the determination, insertion marker  504  is moved from Position  1  in  FIG. 5H  to Position  6  in  FIG. 5J , in accordance with the direction of movement  528  of gesture  526 . Position  6  is located at the beginning of the next sentence after the sentence in which Position  1  is located. 
     In some embodiments, the insertion marker moves to the end of the sentence containing the first position, instead of moving to the beginning of the next sentence after the sentence containing the first position. For example, instead of moving to Position  6 , the insertion marker may be moved to the end of the sentence in which Position  1  is located. 
     In some embodiments, the seventh set of one or more predefined conditions includes that the first horizontal gesture is a multi-finger gesture (e.g., a two-finger or three-finger swipe gesture) ( 672 ). For example, in  FIGS. 5H and 5J , insertion marker  504  is moved from Position  1  to Position  6  (instead of Position  2 ) in response to multi-finger gesture  526 . In some embodiments, insertion marker  504  is moved to the beginning of the sentence containing the first position or of the next sentence after the sentence containing the first position is located if the gesture is a three-finger gesture, and moved by a different amount than one character or to the beginning of the current/next sentence if the gesture is a two-finger gesture. In some embodiments, the seventh set of predefined conditions includes, in addition to the gesture being a multi-finger gesture, the initial speed of the multi-finger gesture being more than a predefined threshold velocity (e.g., 250, 333, or 500 points/sec). 
     In some embodiments, while displaying a range of selected text in the text of the electronic document ( 674 ), the device detects a second horizontal (or substantially horizontal, e.g., within 10, 20, or 30 degrees of horizontal) gesture on the touch-sensitive surface ( 676 ). For example, in  FIG. 5K , while selection range  530  is displayed on touch screen  112  over selected text in text  502 - 1 , gesture  532  is detected on touch screen  112 . Gesture  532  includes horizontal movement  534 . 
     In response to a determination that the second horizontal gesture satisfies an eighth set of one or more predefined conditions ( 678 ), the device places the insertion marker at a beginning or an end of the range of selected text in accordance with a direction of the second horizontal gesture ( 680 ) and deselects the range of selected text ( 682 ). For example, as shown in  FIG. 5L , in response to a determination that gesture  532  satisfies an eighth set of one or more conditions, insertion marker  504  is placed at Position  7 , which is at the end of selection range  530 , and the text selected by selection range  530  is deselected (i.e., selection range  530  ceases to be displayed). 
     In some embodiments, the eighth set of one or more predefined conditions includes that the second horizontal gesture is a single-finger gesture ( 684 ). For example, insertion point  504  is placed at Position  7  and the text selected by selection range  530  is deselected in response to single-finger gesture  532 . In some embodiments, if the second horizontal gesture is a multifinger gesture, the device extends the range of selected text in accordance with a direction of the second horizontal gesture (not shown). For example, a two-finger rightward swipe extends the end of the range by one character (or by one word), while a two-finger leftward swipe contracts the end of the range by one character (or by one word). 
     In some embodiments, in response to a determination that the vertical gesture satisfies a ninth set of one or more predefined conditions that is distinct from the third set of one or more predefined conditions and the fourth set of one or more predefined conditions, the device moves the insertion marker from the second position to a beginning of a paragraph containing the second position or to a beginning of a next paragraph after the paragraph containing the second position in accordance with the direction of the vertical gesture ( 654 ). For example, in  FIG. 5M , gesture  536  is detected instead of gesture  514  ( FIG. 5C ). Gesture  536  includes vertical movement  538 . If device  100  determines that gesture  536  satisfies a ninth set of one or more predefined conditions that is distinct from the third or fourth set of predefined conditions, in response to the determination, insertion marker  504  is moved from Position  2  in  FIG. 5M  to Position  8  in  FIGS. 5N . Position  8  is located at the beginning of the next paragraph after the paragraph containing Position  2 , which is in accord with the downward direction of movement  538  of gesture  536 . 
     In some embodiments, the insertion marker moves to the end of the paragraph containing the second position, instead of moving to the beginning of the next paragraph after the paragraph containing the second position. 
     In some embodiments, the ninth set of one or more predefined conditions includes that the vertical gesture is a multi-finger gesture (e.g., a two-finger or three-finger swipe gesture) ( 656 ). For example, in  FIGS. 5M-5N , insertion marker  504  is moved, from Position  2  to Position  8  (instead of Position  3 ) in response to multi-finger gesture  536 . In some embodiments, insertion marker  504  is moved to the beginning of the current or next paragraph if the gesture is a two-finger gesture, and moved by a different amount if the gesture is a three-finger gesture. In some embodiments, the ninth set of predefined conditions includes the initial speed of the multi-finger gesture being more than a predefined threshold velocity (e.g., 250, 333, or 500 points/sec). 
     In some embodiments, in response to a determination that the vertical gesture satisfies a tenth set of one or more predefined conditions that is distinct from the third set of one or more predefined conditions and the fourth set of one or more predefined conditions, the device moves the insertion marker from the second position to a beginning of a page containing the second position or to a beginning of a next page after the page containing the second position in accordance with the direction of the vertical gesture ( 658 ). For example, in  FIG. 5O , gesture  540  is detected instead of gesture  514  ( FIG. 5C ). Gesture  540  includes vertical movement  542 . If device  100  determines that gesture  540  satisfies a tenth set of one or more predefined conditions different from the third or fourth set of predefined conditions, in response to the determination, insertion marker  504  is moved from Position  2  in  FIG. 5O  to Position  9  in  FIG. 5P . Position  9  is located at the beginning of the next page (containing text  502 - 2 ) after the page containing Position  2 , which is in accord with the downward direction (corresponding to the forward direction in text  502 ) of movement  542  of gesture  540 . In some embodiments, the insertion marker moves to the end of the page containing the second position, instead of moving to the beginning of the next page after the page containing the second position. 
     In some embodiments, the tenth set of one or more predefined conditions includes that the vertical gesture is a multi-finger gesture (e.g., a two-finger or three-finger swipe gesture) ( 660 ). For example, in  FIGS. 5O-5P , insertion marker  504  is moved, from Position  2  to Position  9  (instead of Position  3 ) in response to multi-finger gesture  536 . In some embodiments, insertion marker  504  is moved to the beginning of the current or next page if the gesture is a three-finger gesture, and moved by a different amount if the gesture is a two-finger gesture. In some embodiments, the tenth set of predefined conditions includes the initial speed of the multi-finger gesture being more than a predefined threshold velocity (e.g., 250, 333, or 500 points/sec). 
     In accordance with some embodiments,  FIG. 7  shows a functional block diagram of an electronic device  700  configured in accordance with the principles of the invention as described above. The functional blocks of the device may be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of the invention. It is understood by persons of skill in the art that the functional blocks described in  FIG. 7  may be combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of the invention as described above. Therefore, the description herein may support any possible combination or separation or further definition of the functional blocks described herein. 
     As shown in  FIG. 7 , an electronic device  700  includes a display unit  702  configured to display text of an electronic document and an insertion marker at a first position in the text of the electronic document, a touch-sensitive surface unit  704  configured to receive gestures, and a processing unit  706  coupled to the display unit  702  and the touch-sensitive surface unit  704 . In some embodiments, the processing unit  706  includes a detecting unit  708 , a translating unit  710 , a maintaining unit  712 , a moving unit  714 , a placing unit  716 , and a deselecting unit  718 . 
     The processing unit  706  is configured to detect a first horizontal gesture on the touch-sensitive surface unit  704  (e.g., with the detecting unit  708 ); in response to a determination that the first horizontal gesture satisfies a first set of one or more predefined conditions, translate the electronic document on the display unit  702  in accordance with a direction of the first horizontal gesture (e.g., with the translating unit  710 ), and maintain the insertion marker at the first position in the text (e.g., with the maintaining unit  712 ); and, in response to a determination that the first horizontal gesture satisfies a second set of one or more predefined conditions that is distinct from the first set of one or more predefined conditions, move the insertion marker by one character in the text from the first position to a second position in the text in accordance with the direction of the first horizontal gesture (e.g., with the moving unit  714 ). 
     In some embodiments, the first set of one or more predefined conditions includes an initial velocity of the first horizontal gesture being less than a predefined threshold velocity, and the second set of one or more predefined conditions includes the initial velocity of the first horizontal gesture being more than the predefined threshold velocity. 
     In some embodiments, the first horizontal gesture includes a finger contact and movement of the finger contact, the first set of one or more predefined conditions includes an initial movement of the finger contact in a predefined initial time since detecting the finger contact being less than a predefined initial movement threshold, and the second set of one or more predefined conditions includes the initial movement of the finger contact in the predefined initial time since detecting the finger contact being greater than the predefined initial movement threshold. 
     In some embodiments, the second set of one or more predefined conditions includes that the first horizontal gesture is a single-finger gesture. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  706  is configured to: while the display unit  702  displays the insertion marker at the second position in the text of the electronic document, detect a vertical gesture on the touch-sensitive surface unit  704  (e.g., with the detecting unit  708 ); in response to a determination that the vertical gesture satisfies a third set of one or more predefined conditions, translate the electronic document on the display unit  702  in accordance with a direction of the vertical gesture (e.g., with the translating unit  710 ), and maintain the insertion marker at the second position in the text (e.g., with the maintaining unit  712 ); and, in response to a determination that the vertical gesture satisfies a fourth set of one or more predefined conditions that is distinct from the third set of one or more predefined conditions, move the insertion marker from a line in the text containing the second position to a vertically adjacent line in the text in accordance with the direction of the vertical gesture (e.g., with the moving unit  714 ). 
     In some embodiments, the third set of one or more predefined conditions includes an initial velocity of the vertical gesture being less than a predefined threshold velocity, and the fourth set of one or more predefined conditions includes the initial velocity of the vertical gesture being more than the predefined threshold velocity. 
     In some embodiments, the vertical gesture includes a finger contact and movement of the finger contact, the third set of one or more predefined conditions includes an initial movement of the finger contact in a predefined initial time since detecting the finger contact being less than a predefined initial movement threshold, and the fourth set of one or more predefined conditions includes the initial movement of the finger contact in the predefined initial time since detecting the finger contact being greater than the predefined initial movement threshold. 
     In some embodiments, the fourth set of one or more predefined conditions includes that the vertical gesture is a single-finger gesture. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  706  is configured to, in response to a determination that the first horizontal gesture satisfies a fifth set of one or more predefined conditions that is distinct from the first set of one or more predefined conditions and the second set of one or more predefined conditions, move the insertion marker by one word in the text from the first position in accordance with the direction of the first horizontal gesture (e.g., with the moving unit  714 ). 
     In some embodiments, the fifth set of one or more predefined conditions includes that the first horizontal gesture is a multi-finger gesture. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  706  is configured to, in response to a determination that the first horizontal gesture satisfies a sixth set of one or more predefined conditions that is distinct from the first set of one or more predefined conditions and the second set of one or more predefined conditions, move the insertion marker to a beginning or an end of a line of text containing the first position in accordance with the direction of the first horizontal gesture (e.g., with the moving unit  714 ). 
     In some embodiments, the sixth set of one or more predefined conditions includes that the first horizontal gesture is a multi-finger gesture. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  706  is configured to, in response to a determination that the first horizontal gesture satisfies a seventh set of one or more predefined conditions that is distinct from the first set of one or more predefined conditions and the second set of one or more predefined conditions, move the insertion marker to a beginning of a sentence containing the first position or a beginning of a next sentence after the sentence containing the first position in accordance with the direction of the first horizontal gesture (e.g., with the moving unit  714 ). 
     In some embodiments, the seventh set of one or more predefined conditions includes that the first horizontal gesture is a multi-finger gesture. 
     In some embodiments, the processing unit  706  is configured to, while the display unit  702  displays a range of selected text in the text of the electronic document: detect a second horizontal gesture on the touch-sensitive surface unit  704  (e.g., with the detecting unit  708 ); and, in response to a determination that the second horizontal gesture satisfies an eighth set of one or more predefined conditions, place the insertion marker at a beginning or an end of the range of selected text in accordance with a direction of the second horizontal gesture (e.g., with the placing unit  716 ), and deselect the range of selected text (e.g., with the deselecting unit  718 ). 
     In some embodiments, the eighth set of one or more predefined conditions includes that the second horizontal gesture is a single-finger gesture. 
     In some embodiments, the processor is configured to, in response to a determination that the vertical gesture satisfies a ninth set of one or more predefined conditions that is distinct from the third set of one or more predefined conditions and the fourth set of one or more predefined conditions, move the insertion marker from the second position to a beginning of a paragraph containing the second position or to a beginning of a next paragraph after the paragraph containing the second position in accordance with the direction of the vertical gesture (e.g., with the moving unit  714 ). 
     In some embodiments, the ninth set of one or more predefined conditions includes that the vertical gesture is a multi-finger gesture. 
     In some embodiments, the processor is configured to, in response to a determination that the vertical gesture satisfies a tenth set of one or more predefined conditions that is distinct from the third set of one or more predefined conditions and the fourth set of one or more predefined conditions, move the insertion marker from the second position to a beginning of a page containing the second position or to a beginning of a next page after the page containing the second position in accordance with the direction of the vertical gesture (e.g., with the moving unit  714 ). 
     In some embodiments, the tenth set of one or more predefined conditions includes that the vertical gesture is a multi-finger gesture. 
     In some embodiments, the display unit  702  is a touch-sensitive display unit and the touch-sensitive surface unit  704  is on the display unit  702 . 
     It should be appreciated that while the embodiments described above are directed to movement of an insertion marker within text, the embodiments described above may be used in an analogous manner to move, position, or otherwise manipulate other types of insertion markers or cursors, such as moving a current cell highlight or focus in a spreadsheet application or changing a current shape or object highlight/focus in a drawing or presentation application. 
     The operations in the information processing methods described above may be implemented by running one or more functional modules in information processing apparatus such as general purpose processors or application specific chips. These modules, combinations of these modules, and/or their combination with general hardware (e.g., as described above with respect to  FIGS. 1A and 3 ) are all included within the scope of protection of the invention. 
     The operations described above with reference to  FIGS. 6A-6F  may be implemented by components depicted in  FIGS. 1A-1B . For example, detection operation  608 , translation operation  614 , maintaining operation  616 , and moving operation  622  may be implemented by event sorter  170 , event recognizer  180 , and event handler  190 . Event monitor  171  in event sorter  170  detects a contact on touch-sensitive display  112 , and event dispatcher module  174  delivers the event information to application  136 - 1 . A respective event recognizer  180  of application  136 - 1  compares the event information to respective event definitions  186 , and determines whether a first contact at a first location on the touch-sensitive surface corresponds to a predefined event or sub-event, such as selection of an object on a user interface. When a respective predefined event or sub-event is detected, event recognizer  180  activates an event handler  190  associated with the detection of the event or sub-event. Event handler  190  may utilize or call data updater  176  or object updater  177  to update the application internal state  192 . In some embodiments, event handler  190  accesses a respective GUI updater  178  to update what is displayed by the application. Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in the art how other processes can be implemented based on the components depicted in  FIGS. 1A-1B . 
     The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20110825
Publication Date: 20150512
Grant Date: 20150512
Priority Date: 20110530
Inventors: MURRETT MARTIN J.
SCHOMER MATTHEW TODD
WEELDREYER CHRISTOPHER DOUGLAS
VAN BOXTEL JAMES VERNON
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/041", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F40/166", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0485", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0485", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/04883", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/041", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06F3/0485", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 46210448