PATENT DOCUMENT

Publication Number: US-8726161-B2
Application Number: US-201113090099-A
Country: US
Kind Code: B2

Title: Visual presentation composition

Abstract:
Methods, systems and/or computer program products are disclosed that help facilitate visual presentation composition. A method includes analyzing a plurality of video clips, each video clip comprising a plurality of frames, to determine a subset of the plurality of video clips that have at least one frame depicting one or more faces. The method further includes presenting, in a user interface of a video editing application, the determined subset of video clips along with indicia indicating one or more face-related characteristics of each of the subset of video clips. Furthermore, the method includes receiving, from a user of the video editing application, a selection of one or more frames of at least one of the subset of video clips to populate a shot placeholder in a movie-building template, and generating a playable media file representing a movie based at least in part on the selection received from the user.

Claims:
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A method performed by one or more processes executing on a computer system, the method comprising:
 analyzing a plurality of video clips, each video clip comprising a plurality of frames, to determine a subset of the plurality of video clips that have at least one frame depicting one or more faces; 
 analyzing of video clips that have at least one frame with the faces to determine a quantity of faces in each video clip and a shot type of the faces, wherein determining the shot type includes: 
 measuring a relative amount of frames space occupied by a rectangle provided around the one or more faces; and 
 assigning the shot type to the video clip based on the measurement; 
 presenting, in a user interface of a video editing application, the determined subset of video clips along with indicia indicating one or more face-related characteristics of each of the subset of video clips and a movie building template including a plurality of shot placeholders, each shot placeholder representing video content a movie that is generated based on the movie building template; 
 receiving, from a user of the video editing application, a selection of a shot placeholder; 
 in response to the selection of the shot placeholder, filtering the presented subset of video clips in the user interface to present video clips that include a shot type associated with the selected shot placeholder; 
 receiving, from the user of the video editing application, a selection of one or more frames of at least one of the subset of video clips to populate the shot placeholder in the movie-building plate; and 
 generating a playable media file representing the movie based at least in part on the selection received from the user. 
 
     
     
       2. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 performing said analyzing responsive to accessing a library of video clips including the plurality of video clips; and 
 said analyzing including detecting the one or more faces in the at least one frame of the subset of the plurality of video clips. 
 
     
     
       3. The method of  claim 2 , wherein the one or more face-related characteristics indicated by the presented indicia include quantity of faces detected in the at least one frame of the subset of the plurality of video clips. 
     
     
       4. The method of  claim 3 , further comprising:
 classifying the subset of the plurality of video clips as a one-face shot when a single face is detected in at least one frame of the subset of the plurality of video clips, classifying the subset of the plurality of video clips as a two-face shot when two faces are detected in the at least one frame of the subset of the plurality of video clips, and classifying the subset of the plurality of video clips as a group shot when three or more faces are detected in the at least one frame of the subset of the plurality of video clips. 
 
     
     
       5. The method of  claim 3 , wherein the one or more face-related characteristics indicated by the presented indicia further include information relating to the determined relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected one or more faces. 
     
     
       6. The method of  claim 5 , further comprising:
 inscribing the detected one or more faces in respective rectangles; and 
 said determining the relative amount of the frame space occupied by the detected one or more faces comprising obtaining a ratio of a sum of pixels included in the respective 
 rectangles which inscribe the detected faces and total pixels in a frame. 
 
     
     
       7. The method of  claim 5 , further comprising:
 when a single face is detected in the at least one frame of the subset of the plurality of video clips, classifying the subset of the plurality of video clips as 
 a close-up one-face shot if the determined relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected single face is larger than or equal to a first predetermined relative amount, 
 a medium one-face shot if the determined relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected single face is less than the first predetermined relative amount and more than or equal to a second predetermined relative amount, and 
 a wide one-face shot if the determined relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected single face is less than the second predetermined relative amount; 
 when two faces are detected in the at least one frame of the subset of the plurality of video clips, classifying the subset of the plurality of video clips as 
 a close-up two-face shot if the determined relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected two faces is larger than or equal to a third predetermined relative amount, 
 a medium two-face shot if the determined relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected two faces is less than the third predetermined relative amount and more than or equal to a fourth predetermined relative amount, and 
 a wide two-face shot if the determined relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected two faces is less than the fourth predetermined relative amount; and 
 when a group of three or more faces is detected in the at least one frame of the subset of the plurality of video clips, classifying the subset of the plurality of video clips as 
 a close-up group shot if the determined relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected group of faces is larger than or equal to a fifth predetermined relative amount, 
 a medium group shot if the determined relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected group of faces is less than the fifth predetermined relative amount and more than or equal to a sixth predetermined relative amount, and 
 a wide group shot if the determined relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected group of faces is less than the sixth predetermined relative amount. 
 
     
     
       8. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising associating a single indicium with each video clip of the determined subset of the plurality of video clips, the associated single indicium indicating the one or more face-related characteristics of each video clip of the determined subset of video clips. 
     
     
       9. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising associating indicia with respective frames included in each video clip of the determined subset of the plurality of video clips, the associated indicia indicating the one or more face-related characteristics of the respective frames included in each video clip of the determined subset of video clips. 
     
     
       10. The method of  claim 1 , wherein filtering the presented subset of video clips includes filtering the present subset of video clips to present filtered video clips that include a quantity of faces associated with the selected shot placeholder. 
     
     
       11. The method of  claim 10 , wherein said presenting the determined subset of video clips comprises presenting additional indicia along with the filtered subset of the determined subset. 
     
     
       12. The method of  claim 10 , wherein said presenting the determined subset of video clips comprises presenting only the filtered subset of the determined subset. 
     
     
       13. A system for video editing, the system comprising:
 a display; and 
 data processing apparatus configured to: 
 analyze a plurality of video clips stored in a storage system communicatively coupled with the video editing system, each video clip comprising a plurality of frames, the analysis of the plurality of video clips being performed to determine a subset of the plurality of video clips that have at least one frame depicting one or more faces; 
 analyze the video clips that have at least one frame with the faces to determine a quantity of faces in each video clip and a shot type of the faces, wherein determine the shot type includes: 
 measuring a relative amount of frame space occupied by a rectangle provided around the one or more faces; and 
 assigning the shot type to the video clip based on the measurement; 
 present, on the display in a user interface, the determined subset of video clips along with indicia indicating one or more face-related characteristics of each of the subset of video clips and a movie building template including a plurality of shot placeholders, each shot placeholder representing video content for a movie that is generated based on the movie building template; 
 receive, from a user of the video editing application, a selection of one or more shot placeholders; 
 in response to the selection of the one or more shot placeholders, filter the presented subset of video clips in the user interface to present video clips that include a shot type associated with the selected shot placeholders; 
 receive, from the user of the video editing system, a selection of one or more frames of at least one of the subset of video clips to populate the shot placeholder in the movie-building template; and 
 generate a playable media file representing the movie based at least in part on the selection received from the user. 
 
     
     
       14. The system of  claim 13 , wherein the data processing apparatus is configured to perform the analysis of the plurality of video clips upon accessing on the storage system a library of video clips that includes the plurality of video clips, and to perform the analysis of the plurality of video clips, the data processing apparatus is further configured to detect the one or more faces in the at least one frame of the subset of the plurality of video clips, wherein the one or more face-related characteristics indicated by the presented indicia include quantity of faces detected in the at least one frame of the subset of the plurality of video clips. 
     
     
       15. The system of  claim 13 , wherein the data processing apparatus is further configured to associate a single indicium with each video clip of the determined subset of the plurality of video clips, the associated single indicium indicating the one or more face-related characteristics of each video clip of the determined subset of video clips. 
     
     
       16. The system of  claim 13 , wherein the data processing apparatus is further configured to associate indicia with respective frames included in each video clip of the determined subset of the plurality of video clips, the associated indicia indicating the one or more face-related characteristics of the respective frames included in each video clip of the determined subset of video clips. 
     
     
       17. A non-transitory computer readable medium encoded with instructions that when executed by data processing apparatus cause the data processing apparatus to perform operations comprising:
 analyzing a plurality of video clips, each video clip comprising a plurality of frames, 
 to determine a subset of the plurality of video clips that have at least one frame depicting one or more faces; 
 analyzing of video clips that have at least one frame with the faces to determine a quantity of faces in each video clip and a shot type of the faces, wherein determining the shot type includes: 
 measuring a relative amount of frame space occupied by a rectangle provided around the one or more faces; and 
 assigning the shot type to the video clip based on the measurement; 
 presenting, in a user interface, the determined subset of video clips along with indicia indicating one or more face-related characteristics of each of the subset of video clips and a movie building template including a plurality of shot placeholders, each shot placeholder representing video content for a movie that is generated based on the movie building template; 
 receiving, from a user of the video editing application, a selection of one or more shot placeholders; 
 in response to the selection of one or more shot placeholders, filtering the presented subset of video clips in the user interface to present video clips that include a shot type of faces associated with the selected shot placeholders; 
 receiving, from the user through the user interface, a selection of one or more frames of at least one of the subset of video clips to populate the shot placeholder in the movie-building template; and 
 generating a playable media file representing the movie based at least in part on the selection received from the user. 
 
     
     
       18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of  claim 17 , encoded with further instructions that when executed by the data processing apparatus cause the data processing apparatus to perform operations comprising filtering the determined subset of video clips based on characteristics of a quantity of faces of the shot placeholder in the movie template to obtain the filtered video clips. 
     
     
       19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of  claim 18 , wherein said presenting the determined subset of video clips comprises presenting additional indicia along with the filtered subset of the determined subset. 
     
     
       20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of  claim 18 , wherein said presenting the determined subset of video clips comprises presenting only the filtered subset of the determined subset. 
     
     
       21. A method performed by one or more processes executing on a computer system, the method comprising:
 analyzing a plurality of video clips, each video clip comprising a plurality of frames, to determine a subset of the plurality of video clips that have at least one frame depicting one or more faces; 
 analyze the video clips that have at least one frame with the faces to determine a quantity of faces in each video clip and a shot type of the faces, wherein determining the shot type includes: 
 measuring a relative amount of frame space occupied by a rectangle provided around the one or more faces; and 
 assigning the shot type to the video clip based on the measurement; 
 receiving, from a user of the video editing application, a selection of a shot placeholder from a movie-building template including one or more shot placeholders; 
 presenting, in a user interface of a video editing application, a subset of video clips that have faces, the subset of video clips including face-related characteristics that correspond to face-related characteristics of the selected shot placeholder; 
 receiving, from the user of the video editing application, a selection of one or more frames of the presented subset of video clips to populate the selected placeholder; and 
 generating a playable media file representing a movie based at least in part on the selection received from the user. 
 
     
     
       22. The method of  claim 21 , wherein the analysis to determine the quantity of faces in each video clip is performed on every Nth frame of the video clip, N being greater than one. 
     
     
       23. The method of  claim 21 , wherein the face-related characteristics of the selected shot placeholder include at least one of a quantity of faces in a frame and a shot type of the faces in the frame.

Description:
CLAIM OF PRIORITY 
     This application claims priority under 35 USC §119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/394,741, filed on Oct. 19, 2010, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     This description relates to systems and techniques that facilitate the composition of visual presentations, for example, movie trailers or complete movies. 
     Technological advances in the field of consumer digital videography equipment (e.g., digital video cameras having reduced size, increased capacity, increased resolution and/or decreased price) have caused would-be amateur movie makers to capture more video footage than ever before. Editing such voluminous footage into a presentation that is interesting, entertaining and/or informative, however, typically is not a simple task but rather tends to require more skill, experience, effort and/or creativity than most non-professionals can muster. As a result, amateur movie makers often subject family and friends to video presentations of unedited, or poorly edited, video footage that tend to be unduly long, disjointed, confusing and/or just plain boring. 
     SUMMARY 
     This specification describes technologies that facilitate the composition of visual presentations, for example, movie trailers or complete movies. 
     In general, one aspect of the subject matter described in this specification can be implemented in a method that includes analyzing a plurality of video clips, where each video clip includes a plurality of frames, to determine a subset of the plurality of video clips that have at least one frame depicting one or more faces. The method also includes presenting, in a user interface of a video editing application, the determined subset of video clips along with indicia indicating one or more face-related characteristics of each of the subset of video clips. Further, the use includes receiving, from a user of the video editing application, a selection of one or more frames of at least one of the subset of video clips to populate a shot placeholder in a movie-building template, and generating a playable media file representing a movie based at least in part on the selection received from the user. 
     Implementations can optionally include one or more of the following features. The analyzing can be performed in response to accessing a library of video clips including the plurality of video clips. The analyzing can include detecting the one or more faces in the at least one frame of the subset of the plurality of video clips, and determining a relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected one or more faces. In some implementations, the one or more face-related characteristics indicated by the presented indicia can include quantity of faces detected in the at least one frame of the subset of the plurality of video clips. 
     In some implementations, the method can also include classifying the subset of the plurality of video clips as a one-face shot when a single face is detected in the at least one frame of the subset of the plurality of video clips; classifying the subset of the plurality of video clips as a two-face shot when two faces are detected in the at least one frame of the subset of the plurality of video clips; and classifying the subset of the plurality of video clips as a group shot when three or more faces are detected in the at least one frame of the subset of the plurality of video clips. 
     In some implementations, the one or more face-related characteristics indicated by the presented indicia further include information relating to the determined relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected one or more faces. As such, the method can include inscribing the detected one or more faces in respective rectangles. Determining the relative amount of the frame space occupied by the detected one or more faces can include obtaining a ratio of a sum of pixels included in the respective rectangles which inscribe the detected faces and total pixels in a frame. Further, the method can include, (i) when a single face is detected in the at least one frame of the subset of the plurality of video clips, classifying the subset of the plurality of video clips as a close-up one-face shot if the determined relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected single face is larger than or equal to a first predetermined relative amount, a medium one-face shot if the determined relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected single face is less than the first predetermined relative amount and more than or equal to a second predetermined relative amount, and a wide one-face shot if the determined relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected single face is less than the second predetermined relative amount; (ii) when two faces are detected in the at least one frame of the subset of the plurality of video clips, classifying the subset of the plurality of video clips as a close-up two-face shot if the determined relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected two faces is larger than or equal to a third predetermined relative amount, a medium two-face shot if the determined relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected two faces is less than the third predetermined relative amount and more than or equal to a fourth predetermined relative amount, and a wide two-face shot if the determined relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected two faces is less than the fourth predetermined relative amount; and (iii) when a group of three or more faces is detected in the at least one frame of the subset of the plurality of video clips, classifying the subset of the plurality of video clips as a close-up group shot if the determined relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected group of faces is larger than or equal to a fifth predetermined relative amount, a medium group shot if the determined relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected group of faces is less than the fifth predetermined relative amount and more than or equal to a sixth predetermined relative amount, and a wide group shot if the determined relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected group of faces is less than the sixth predetermined relative amount. 
     In some implementations, the method can also include associating a single indicium with each video clip of the determined subset of the plurality of video clips, the associated single indicium indicating the one or more face-related characteristics of each video clip of the determined subset of video clips. In some implementations, the method can further include associating indicia with respective frames included in each video clip of the determined subset of the plurality of video clips, the associated indicia indicating the one or more face-related characteristics of the respective frames included in each video clip of the determined subset of video clips. 
     In some implementations, the method can include filtering the determined subset of video clips based on characteristics of the shot placeholder in the movie template to obtain a filtered subset of the determined subset. For example, presenting the determined subset of video clips can include presenting additional indicia along with the filtered subset of the determined subset. As another example, presenting the determined subset of video clips can include presenting only the filtered subset of the determined subset. 
     Other implementations of this aspect include corresponding computer systems, apparatus, and computer programs recorded on one or more computer storage devices, each configured to perform the actions of the methods. A system of one or more computers can be so configured by virtue of software, firmware, hardware, or a combination of them installed on the system that in operation cause the system to perform the actions. One or more computer programs can be so configured by virtue having instructions that, when executed by data processing apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the actions. 
     For example, the disclosed subject matter may be implemented as a software application that enables a user, for example, a home movie enthusiast, to quickly and easily generate a professional looking movie (and/or a movie trailer) by performing a few simple operations such as selecting a desired template, designating portions of video footage (e.g., captured by the user and/or including a user selected one, two or a group of people, and/or being of a user selected close-up, medium or wide angle type) to be used in the movie, and filling in some basic information (e.g., who, what, where) about the designated video footage portions and their respective contents. In addition, even prior to video footage capture or designation, a movie template may provide the user with guidance about the types and quantity of video segments that ideally should be captured and used to populate the template, thereby improving the quality of the resulting movie. The described subject matter also may enable a user to easily and quickly generate a high quality summary or synopsis of a larger video presentation (e.g., make a movie trailer that provides a compelling and brief synopsis of a longer movie) while minimizing the level of knowledge, experience, effort and/or creativity typically required to do so. 
     Details of one or more implementations are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features and potential advantages will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  shows example video clips of a generated movie. 
         FIG. 2  is an example graphical user interface for selecting a movie template. 
         FIGS. 3-5  are examples of graphical user interfaces for customizing a movie template. 
         FIG. 6  shows an example of an automatically generated movie poster. 
         FIG. 7  is a flowchart of a process for generating a movie based on user customizations to a movie template. 
         FIG. 7B  is a flowchart of a process for generating a movie using video clips that are classified based on characteristics of faces depicted in the video clips. 
         FIG. 8  is a block diagram of a computing device and system that can be used to implement techniques described with respect to  FIGS. 1-6 . 
         FIG. 9  is a block diagram of another computing device and system that can be used to implement techniques described with respect to  FIGS. 1-6 . 
     
    
    
     Like reference symbols indicate like elements throughout the specification and drawings. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       FIG. 1  shows example video clips  102 - 118  displayed in sequence as content of movie  100  generated for a user in response to a user&#39;s selection and customization of a movie template. As described in more detail below, a user can customize a movie template by selecting one or more video clips to fill in one or more shot placeholders, by customizing text such as titles and subtitles, and by customizing other movie features, such as awards, credits, and studio logos, to name a few examples. 
     A movie template can have a corresponding theme. For example, the movie template for the movie  100  has a documentary theme, as indicated by title  120  displayed in the video clip  102 . Other themes can include, for example, action adventure, blockbuster, documentary, “buddy”, “chick flick”, travel, epic drama, “film noir”, goth, holiday, friendship, spy, pet, romantic comedy, speed, sports drama, western, horror, children&#39;s, romantic love story, super natural, and coming of age. 
     A movie template for a particular theme can indicate, for example, a fixed or variable cast member list. For example, a movie template with a romantic comedy theme can specify a fixed cast of two cast members and a movie template with an adventure theme can specify a variable cast of one to six cast members. 
     A movie template of a particular theme can also define a sequence of shot placeholders indicating an order of shots and types of shots to be selected by a user. Each shot placeholder can include graphical indicia representing one or more desirable characteristics specific to that shot placeholder. A user can select, using a user interface, one or more video clips which correspond to desirable characteristics indicated by the shot placeholders. For example, a user can select a wide scenery video clip such as shown in the video clip  102 , an “action-medium” video clip such as the video clip  106 , a close-up of a particular cast member such as the close-up of “Mom” shown in video clip  110 , an “action-wide” video clip such as the video clip  114 , or a group-action video clip such as the video clip  116 . 
     In addition to shot order and shot type, a movie template can have other predefined specifications, such a video segment length corresponding to each shot, background music, text titles and subtitles, transitions between video clips, voice-overs and other effects. For example, background music and video clip transition can be selected for each theme. A movie template with a documentary theme, for example, can have milder music and longer video segments than, for example, a movie template with an action adventure theme. 
     As another example, a movie template can have text that can be customized, and the text can be shown with various effects, such as animated text  122  (e.g., the animated text  122  can flash, can grow from smaller to larger or from larger to smaller, “bounce around”, etc.). As another example, graphic  124  can be animated as the video clip  108  is shown (e.g., the graphic  124  can include a horizontal line which appears to grow in size as it horizontally extends from left to right across the screen underneath quote  125 ). Effects used with text, graphics, and/or video can include slow motion, zoom-in, fade-to-black, or other NLE (Non-Linear Editing) effects, to name a few examples. 
     A movie template can include pre-defined background music that can be timed to the playing and transition of user-selected video clips. For example, the movie template used to create the movie  100  can be configured so that background music  126  plays while the video clip  112  is played and background music  127  is played while the video clip  108  is played. A user can configure a video clip so that user audio recorded during the recording of the video clip is played during the playing of the video clip in the movie  100 . In some instances, the user can configure a video clip so that user audio recorded during the recording of the video clip is played in parallel with background music during the playing of the video clip in the movie  100 . 
     A movie template can allow a user to specify a studio name and studio logo. The studio name and studio logo can be shown in a video clip of a generated movie, such as studio name  128  and studio logo  129  illustrated in the video clip  102 . A movie template can allow a user to specify one or more movie awards. For example, the video clip  112  illustrates a “best director” award. A movie template can allow the user to simply enter the text title of the award, and a graphical representation of the award, which can include one or more graphics such as graphic  130 , can be automatically displayed in a video segment of the generated movie (e.g., as illustrated in video clip  112 ). 
     In some implementations, user-specified text can be combined with user-selected video clips. For example, the title  120 , studio name  128 , and studio logo  129  can be displayed overlaid on wide-scenery video in the video clip  102 . As another example, text  132  including a user-specified movie title, subtitle, season, and year can be concatenated and overlaid on group-action video displayed in the video clip  116 . In some implementations, some video segments can include text (e.g., titles, subtitles) without including other video content. 
     The movie  100  can include a credits screen (e.g., as a last video clip), such as credits  134  illustrated in video clip  118 . The credits  134  can be formatted to appear similar to credits shown in production movies (e.g., as better shown in  FIG. 2 ). The credits  134  can include the name of a user-specified studio (e.g., the studio name  128 ), and can include the names of one or more user-specified cast members (e.g., “Mom”, “Dad”, “David Smith”). 
       FIG. 2  is an example graphical user interface (GUI)  200  for creating a movie template having a particular theme. The user may select a particular theme using theme selection control  202 . For example, a documentary theme can be selected, as indicated by selected item  204 . Information describing the selected theme can be displayed in area  205 . For example, cast information  206  can indicate that a documentary themed movie can include from one to six cast members. A user can create a movie template of the selected theme by selecting control  208 . The user can cancel out of the GUI  200  without creating a movie template by selecting control  210 . 
       FIG. 3  is an example graphical user interface  300  for customizing a movie template. The GUI  300  includes a form area  302 , a preview area  304 , a user video clips area  306 , and one or more control bar areas  307 . The user can use the form area  302  to customize movie information. For example, a movie title and subtitle can be configured using controls  308  and  310 , respectively. As another example, the season and year of the movie can be configured using controls  312  and  314 , respectively. Movie title, subtitle, season, and year information can be displayed in one or more video clips of a movie generated from the movie template (e.g., as shown in the video clip  116  described above with respect to  FIG. 1 ). 
     A movie can include one or more cast members. As mentioned above, movie templates for some types of themes can include a fixed number of cast members (e.g., a romantic comedy movie can include a fixed cast of two) and movie templates for other types of themes can include a variable number of cast members. A user can enter names of one or more cast members using controls  316 - 320 . Cast member names can be displayed in one or more video clips of the generated movie, such as with one or more quotes, in a credits screen, in an awards screen, or in another video clip. A user can add or delete a cast member using controls  322  and  324 , respectively. 
     A user can customize one or more awards for a movie. A user can enter one or more award names, such as by using control  326 . Awards can include, for example, “best director”, “movie of the year”, “best actor”, or another user-selected name. A generated movie can include an awards video clip, where the award name is displayed, possibly along with one or more graphics (e.g., as shown in video clip  112  described above with respect to  FIG. 1 ). A user can add or delete an award using controls  328  and  330 , respectively. 
     A user can customize one or more quotes for a movie. A user can enter the text for a quote, such as by using control  332 . The user can also select control  332  to select a cast member to attribute the quote to (e.g., the quote entered in control  332  is currently attributed to “Dad”). A quote can be displayed in a video clip for a movie, such as overlaid on top of video footage, or along with a non-animated or animated graphic (e.g., as shown in video clip  108  described above with respect to  FIG. 1 ). A user can add or delete a quote using controls  334  and  336 , respectively. 
     A user can customize a studio name and studio logo, such as by using controls  338  and  340 , respectively. The user can select a studio logo style from a list of predefined studio logo styles using the control  340 . In some implementations, the list of studio logo styles includes parodies of existing movie studios. In some implementations, the user is prevented from entering the name of several popular existing movie studios. A user-entered studio name and a studio logo based on the selected studio style can be displayed in one or more video clips of the generated movie (e.g., as shown in video clip  102  and video clip  118  described above with respect to  FIG. 1 ). 
     A user can customize one or more credits for a movie. For example, a user can use controls  342 - 344  to configure a director, editor, and writer, respectively. A user can select a cast member for a credited role or can enter in a different name. In some implementations, a cast member can be automatically assigned to a credited role. In some implementations, a user can override an automatically assigned credited role by entering a new value for the credited role. A user can add or remove a credit by using controls  348  and  350 , respectively. In some implementations, to add a credit, a user selects from a predefined list of credits (e.g., directed-by, edited-by, written-by, produced-by). In other implementations, a user can enter in the name of a custom credit. 
     Credits may be displayed in a generated movie in a credits screen, such as shown in the video clip  118  described above with respect to  FIG. 1 . A credits screen can also be displayed in the preview area  304 . The preview area  304  can show preview content associated with areas of the form area  302 . For example, if a user moves mouse pointer  352  over one of the credit controls  342 - 346 , a preview of a generated credits screen can be displayed in the preview area  304  (e.g., as illustrated in  FIG. 3 ). The preview area  304  can also be used to view a preview of the generated movie. For example, the user can select play control  354  to view, in the preview area  304 , a preview of a movie generated from the movie template (e.g., the video clips  102 - 118  described above with respect to  FIG. 1  can be displayed in the preview area  304 ). 
     Other customization of movie information is possible, and customizations can vary based on the theme of the movie template. For example, a movie template having a pet theme can allow a user to select a pet type (e.g., cat, bird, dog, horse). A generated movie can include a video clip with an animated graphic of pet paw/footprints (e.g., dog paw prints, cat paw prints, or bird footprints, according to a user&#39;s template customization) “walking across the screen”. As another example, movie templates of some themes can allow a user to customize a movie rating (e.g., general (G), parental-guidance (PG, PG-13), restricted (R)). 
     The control area  307  can include a set of controls for controlling the GUI  300 . For example, the control area  307  can include, among other controls, a control  356  for adjusting playback volume, a control  358  for muting playback volume, a control  360  for selecting a portion of a user-selected video clip to use for a corresponding video segment in a generated movie, and a control  362  for switching between a view which includes the form area  302  and a view which includes a shot placeholder area. 
     As described in more detail below, a user can select a video clip from the video clips area  306  to fill in a shot placeholder. The video clips area  306  includes available user video clips, such as a video clip  364 . The user can organize video clips using one or more folders. For example, the video clips displayed in the video clips area  306  can be video clips included in a folder  366 . 
       FIG. 4  is another example graphical user interface  400  for customizing a movie template. The GUI  400  includes shot placeholder area  402 , preview area  404 , and user video clips area  406 . The user can toggle between the shot placeholder area  402  and the form area  302  described above with respect to  FIG. 3 , for example by selecting control  408 . 
     The shot placeholder area  402  displays one or more shot placeholders which represent an order and type of video content to be included in the generated movie, according to the theme of the movie template. A shot placeholder that has been “filled-in” can appear differently than a shot placeholder that has not been filled in. For example, the contents of shot placeholder  410  (which represents a filled-in shot placeholder, such as filled in using the video clip  364  described above with respect to  FIG. 3 ) appears in a solid line and the contents of shot placeholder  412  (which has not been filled in) appears in a dashed-line. The user can fill in a shot placeholder by selecting a video clip from the video clips area  406 . For example, a user can select video clip  414  and can “drag and drop” a representation  415  of the video clip  414  onto the shot placeholder  412 . 
     The video clips area  406  can be filtered to display shots which have characteristics which correspond to a selected shot placeholder. For example, selected shot placeholder  412  corresponds to a close-up shot of one cast member. Face detection optionally followed by face recognition of the detected faces can be performed on user video clips, and video clips having a certain quantity of faces associated with people or other actors (e.g., one, two, three or more) can be identified, as described below in connection with  FIG. 4B . In each video clip, the size of one or more faces relative to the size of the video clip frame can be determined, to identify a shot type (e.g., close-up, medium, wide). The video clips displayed in the video clips area  406  can be filtered to show user video clips which include the number of people and shot type associated with the selected shot placeholder. For example, the video clip area  406  includes the video clip  414  and video clip  416 , which are both close-up shots of one person. Video clip classification based on a quantity of faces detected in portions of video and optionally further based on whether the detected faces are part of close-up, medium or wide angle shots is provided below in connection with  FIGS. 4B-4D . 
     A shot placeholder can indicate a video segment length. For example, the shot placeholder  410  includes a time indicator  418  that indicates that the shot placeholder  410  corresponds to a video segment of two seconds and twelve milliseconds. Similarly, time indicator  420  indicates that the shot placeholder  412  corresponds to a video segment of two seconds and fifty six milliseconds. The time for each shot placeholder can be defined in the movie template. As mentioned above, a movie template can include timing of features such as background music, video clip transition, and effects. As described in more detail below, if a user video clip selected for a shot placeholder is longer in duration than the time specified for the shot placeholder, the user can customize the portion of the user video clip used in the generated movie. 
     Recorded audio of a user video clip can be muted by default in a generated movie. A shot placeholder can include a control to override the default muting of user audio. For example, a user can select control  422  to turn on audio playback of user audio associated with a user video clip selected for the shot placeholder  412 . 
     The shot placeholder area  402  can display text items such as quotes, titles, and subtitles, and can position the text items in an order among shot placeholders corresponding to the order that the associated shots and text will appear in the generated movie. For example, a text area  424  corresponding to a movie title is displayed above the shot placeholder  410 , indicating that the associated movie title will be displayed before the video clip associated with the shot placeholder  410 . As another example, a text area  426  associated with a quote is included in the shot placeholder area  402  below the shot placeholder  410  and above the shot placeholder  412 . 
     A user can edit text associated with a text area. For example, to edit the movie title associated with the text area  424 , the user can select the text area  424  (e.g., by selecting the text or by selecting edit control  428 ). Similarly, the user can edit the quote associated with the text area  426  by selecting the text area  426  or by selecting edit control  430 . Once the user has selected the text area  426 , the user can select a different cast member for quote attribution. 
     The preview area  404  can be used to preview a video clip associated with a shot placeholder. For example, the user can select a shot placeholder (e.g., shot placeholder  410 ) and can select control  432 . If the user selects the control  432  while a shot placeholder which has not been filled in (e.g., shot placeholder  412 ) is selected, an animation can be shown in the preview area  404 , where the animation can be based on the shot type of the shot placeholder. For example, if the selected shot placeholder has a shot type of action, an animated character can be displayed in the preview area  404  (e.g., to emphasize a notion of action). As another example, if the selected shot placeholder has a shot type of close-up, a non-animated character can be displayed in the preview area  404 . In some implementations, a user can scroll with a mouse in order to preview a title and content for a video clip. 
       FIG. 4B  shows another instance of the example graphical user interface (GUI)  400  for customizing the movie template. As described above, the GUI  400  includes shot placeholder area  402 , preview area  404 , and user video clips area  406 . In this example, the shot placeholder area  402  includes a shot placeholder  434  corresponding to keyword “Panning” which has been “filled-in” using the video clip  114  described above with respect to  FIG. 1 . A process for detecting camera panning and for classifying ranges of video clips based on the detected camera panning can be applied to video clips imported into a movie editing application associated with GUI  400  as disclosed below in connection with  FIGS. 4E and 4F . 
     Also in this example, the shot placeholder area  402  includes another shot placeholder  436  which has not been filled-in. The keyword “Faces” corresponds to the other shot placeholder  436 . As described above in connection with  FIG. 4 , an unfilled shot placeholder can contain a generic image representative of the corresponding keyword. In the example illustrated in  FIG. 4B , the unfilled shot placeholder  436  associated with the keyword “Faces” contains a generic representation of a face. Upon user selection of the “Faces” shot placeholder  436 , video clips displayed in the user video clip area  406  can be filtered to display shots which depict one or more faces. For example, the video clip area  406  includes the video clip  440  that depicts one face  450 , video clip  442  that depicts two faces and video clip  444  that depicts a group of four faces. Moreover, a user can select video clip  440 , for example, and can “drag and drop” a representation  441  of the video clip  440  onto the shot placeholder  436 . As described above in connection with  FIG. 4 , the preview area  404  can be used to preview a video clip associated with a selected shot placeholder. For example, an animated or non-animated face representation can be shown in the preview area  404 , in response to selection by the user of the un-filled “Faces” shot placeholder  436 . After the “Faces” shot placeholder  436  has been filled by the user, the content of the video clip that occupies the “Faces” shot placeholder  436  can be played in the preview area  404  upon selection of control  432 . 
     A plurality of video clips, each video clip including a plurality of frames, can be analyzed to determine a subset of the plurality of video clips that have at least one frame depicting one or more faces. The analysis can be performed automatically, for example, upon uploading the video clips to a movie or video library. In this fashion, one or more of facial detection algorithms that are known in the art, such as the Viola Jones, Rowley Baluja Kanade, or Schneiderman Kanade algorithms, can be applied to the videos stored in the movie or media library. In some implementations, a video editing application associated with the GUI  400  can perform the one or more face detection algorithms on every other N th  frame of a video clip. For example, N=10. In some implementations, the video editing application associated with GUI  400  can perform the one or more face detection algorithms on every frame of a video clip. 
     The analysis further includes determining a quantity of faces in frames of the video clips. A number representing the detected faces per video clip corresponds to a first hierarchical sublevel of the video clip classification based on the keyword “Faces”. For example, a video clip  440  determined to depict one face  450  can be classified as a “1-Face” shot and can be presented to a user along with a tag  454  which includes character “1”. Similarly, a video clip  442  determined to depict two faces can be classified as a “2-Faces” shot and can be presented to the user along with a tag which includes character “2”. Finally, video clips determined to depict three or more faces can be classified as a “Group” shot and can be presented to the user along with a tag which reads “Group”. 
     For example, analysis of a given number of consecutive frames representing a temporal range of a video clip may lead to detection of two faces in most of the analyzed frames. In some implementations corresponding to frame-level classification based on the keyword “Faces”, each of the analyzed frames can be classified based on the quantity of faces detected per analyzed frame. In the foregoing example, when two faces are detected in most of the given number of frames of the video clip range, each of the analyzed frames determined to depict two faces can be tagged as a frame that depicts two faces. In some implementations corresponding to range-level classification based on the keyword “Faces”, the range of the video clip including the analyzed frames can be classified based on the quantity of faces detected in the analyzed range of the video clip. In the foregoing example, when two faces are detected in most of the given number of frames of the video clip range, the entire video clip range can be tagged as a video clip range which depicts two faces. 
     In some implementations, a face detected in a frame of a video clip in accordance with one or more of the above facial detection algorithms enumerated above can be presented in the GUI  400  along with a rectangle that inscribes the detected face. For example, the face  450  detected in the video clip  440  is inscribed in and is displayed along with a rectangle  452 . The rectangle  452  is represented by dotted-line. Similarly, the two faces detected in movie clip  442  and the four faces detected in movie clip  444  are also inscribed in respective rectangles. 
     To simplify management of the classified ranges of the plurality of video clips in the video or image library, when a temporal range of a video clip that contains detected faces is shorter than a predetermined time interval (e.g., 1 second,) the video editing application associated with the GUI  400  is configured to skip classifying the range based on the keyword “Faces” (i.e., the forgoing range may not be tagged to indicate presence of faces.) Further, when a temporal range of a video clip shorter than a predetermined time interval (e.g., 1 second) contains no detected faces and the range is temporally located between two ranges of the video clip tagged to indicate the presence of faces, the video editing application associated with the GUI  400  is configured to tag the in-between range as depicting the faces corresponding to the before and after ranges. For example, a first range of a video clip is tagged as depicting two faces, a second range of the video clip, immediately following the first range and having 0.7 seconds duration, is untagged (because the analysis failed to detect faces in the second range,) and a third range of the video clip immediately following the second range, is tagged as depicting two faces. In this example, the second range can also be marked as depicting two faces, and then, the first, second and third ranges can be consolidated into one contiguous range of the video clip that is classified as depicting two faces. 
     In some implementations, the “Faces” shot placeholder  436  can have a control  453  for transitioning to one of the available shot placeholders “1-Face”, “2-Faces” and “Group” corresponding to the first hierarchical sublevel of the video clip classification based on the keyword “Faces”. For example, instead of the user performing a “drag and drop” of the representation  441  of the video clip  440  onto the shot placeholder  436 , the user can instruct GUI  400  through the control  453  to replace the “Faces” shot placeholder  436  with the “2-Faces” shot place holder  456 , as described below in connection with  FIG. 4C . 
       FIG. 4C  shows another instance of the example graphical user interface  400  for customizing the movie template. The shot placeholder area  402  includes a shot placeholder  456  which has not been filled-in and corresponds to the keyword “2-Faces.” In the example illustrated in  FIG. 4C , the unfilled shot placeholder  456  associated with the keyword “2-Faces” contains a generic representation of two faces. Upon user selection of the “2-Faces” shot placeholder  456 , video clips displayed in the user video clip area  406  can be filtered to display shots which depict two faces. For example, the video clip area  406  includes the video clip  458  that depicts a close-up shot of two faces, video clip  460  that depicts a medium shot of two faces  466  and  468 , and video clip  462  that depicts a wide shot of two faces. The filtered video clips can be presented to the user along with tags corresponding to the respective shot types. For example, the tag  464  of video clip  460  includes the word “medium” corresponding to the classification of video clip  460  as a medium 2-face shot. 
     Moreover, a user can select video clip  460 , for example, and can “drag and drop” a representation  461  of the video clip  460  onto the shot placeholder  456 . As described above in connection with  FIGS. 4 and 4B , the preview area  404  can be used to preview a video clip associated with a selected shot placeholder. For example, an animated or non-animated representation of two faces can be shown in the preview area  404 , in response to selection by the user of the un-filled “2-Faces” shot placeholder  456 . After the “2-Faces” shot placeholder  456  has been filled by the user, the content of the video clip that occupies the “2-Faces” shot placeholder  456  can be played in the preview area  404  upon selection of control  432 . 
     The analysis described above in connection with  FIG. 4B  includes detecting faces in the plurality of video clips in the video library and classifying video clip ranges to indicate the presence of one, two or a group of faces. Further, a relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected faces can be determined as part of the video clip analysis to identify a shot type (e.g., close-up, medium, wide). As described in detail below, establishing fractional intervals corresponding to the close-up, medium and wide shot types can be based on the quantity of detected faces per frame. Accordingly, a type of shot identified in the forgoing manner corresponds to a second hierarchical sublevel of the video clip classification based on the keyword “Faces”, below the first hierarchical sublevel of the video clip classification based on the keyword “Faces” that corresponds to the quantity of detected faces per video clip (and is described above in connection with  FIG. 4B ). 
     The analysis for identifying the shot type includes inscribing the detected faces in respective rectangles. For example, the analysis described above in connection with  FIG. 4B  can be applied to video clip  460  and can result in detection of faces  466  and  468 . Rectangles  470  and  472  can be generated to inscribe the detected faces  466  and  468 , respectively. A pixel count C( 470 ) corresponds to the rectangle  470  and a pixel count C( 472 ) corresponds to the rectangle  472 . The total pixel count for a frame of video clip  460  can be expressed as C(frame). The fraction “x” of the frame occupied by the detected faces can be determined in the following manner: 
                     x   =         C   ⁡     (   faces   )         C   ⁡     (   frame   )         =         C   ⁡     (   470   )       +     C   ⁡     (   472   )                   ⁢     C   ⁡     (   frame   )               ,           (   1   )               
where C(faces) represents a pixel count of the detected faces contained in the frame. In EQ. 1, the pixel count C(faces) corresponds to the sum of the pixel counts of rectangles  470  and  472 .
 
     When a video clip contains one detected face, the video clip can be classified as a close-up 1-face shot if the determined relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected single face “x” is larger than or equal to a first predetermined relative amount. Further when the video clip contains one detected face, the video clip can be classified as a medium 1-face shot if the determined relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected single face “x” is less than the first predetermined relative amount and more than or equal to a second predetermined relative amount. Also when the video clip contains one detected face, the video clip can be classified as a wide 1-face shot if the determined relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected single face “x” is less than the second predetermined relative amount. For example, the first predetermined relative amount can be about 30% and the second predetermined relative amount can be about 17% for 1-face shots. 
     When a video clip contains two detected faces, the video clip can be classified as a close-up 2-faces shot if the determined relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected single face “x” is larger than or equal to a third predetermined relative amount. Further when the video clip contains two detected faces, the video clip can be classified as a medium 2-faces shot if the determined relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected two faces “x” is less than the third predetermined relative amount and more than or equal to a fourth predetermined relative amount. Also when the video clip contains two detected faces, the video clip can be classified as a wide 2-faces shot if the determined relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected two faces “x” is less than the fourth predetermined relative amount. For example, the third predetermined relative amount can be about 40% and the fourth predetermined relative amount can be about 27% for 2-faces shots. 
     For instance, the pixel count for the rectangles that inscribe the two faces detected in video clip  458  corresponds to a fraction “x” that satisfies 40≦x, and consequently, the video clip  458  can be classified as a close-up 2-faces shot. Additionally, the pixel count for the rectangles  470  and  472 , which inscribe the respective faces  466  and  468  detected in video clip  460 , corresponds to a fraction “x” that satisfies 27≦x&lt;40, and consequently, the video clip  460  can be classified as a medium 2-faces shot. Further, the pixel count for the rectangles that inscribe the two faces detected in video clip  462  corresponds to a fraction “x” that satisfies x&lt;27, and consequently, the video clip  458  can be classified as a wide 2-faces shot. 
     When a video clip contains a group of three or more detected faces, the video clip can be classified as a close-up group shot if the determined relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected group of faces “x” is larger than or equal to a fifth predetermined relative amount. Further when the video clip contains a group of detected faces, the video clip can be classified as a medium group shot if the determined relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected group of faces “x” is less than the fifth predetermined relative amount and more than or equal to a sixth predetermined relative amount. Also when the video clip contains a group of detected faces, the video clip can be classified as a wide group shot if the determined relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected group of faces “x” is less than the sixth predetermined relative amount. For example, the fifth predetermined relative amount can be about 50% and the sixth predetermined relative amount can be about 37% for group shots. 
     In some implementations, the “2-Faces” shot placeholder  456  can have a control  463  for transitioning to one of the available shot placeholders “2-Faces—close-up”, “2-Faces—medium” and “2-Faces—Group” corresponding to the second hierarchical sublevel of the video clip classification based on the keyword “Faces.” Equivalently, the classification hierarchy for the “Faces” keyword is two sublevels deep: Faces→QUANTITY OF FACES→TYPE OF ANGLE SHOT. The level QUANTITY OF FACES includes 1-Face, 2-Faces, Group categories; the level TYPE OF ANGLE SHOT includes close-up, medium and wide categories. For example, instead of the user performing a “drag and drop” of the representation  461  of the video clip  460  onto the shot placeholder  456 , the user can instruct GUI  400  through the control  463  to replace the “2-Faces” shot placeholder  456  with the “2-Faces—close-up” shot place holder  474 , as described below in connection with  FIG. 4D . 
       FIG. 4D  shows another instance of the example graphical user interface  400  for customizing the movie template. The shot placeholder area  402  includes a shot placeholder  474  which has not been filled-in and corresponds to the keyword “2-Faces—close-up.” In the example illustrated in  FIG. 4D , the unfilled shot placeholder  474  associated with the keyword “2-Faces—close-up” contains a generic representation of a close-up of two faces. Upon user selection of the “2-Faces—close-up” shot placeholder  474 , video clips displayed in the user video clip area  406  can be filtered to display shots which depict close-up shots of two faces. For example, the video clip area  406  includes the video clip  458  that depicts a close-up shot of two faces. Note that, the “2-Faces—close-up” shot placeholder  474  is not configured with a control structure for transitioning to hierarchical sublevels, as such hierarchical sublevels to not exist in this implementation of the hierarchy Faces→QUANTITY OF FACES→TYPE OF ANGLE SHOT described above. 
     Moreover, a user can select video clip  458 , for example, and can “drag and drop” a representation  459  of the video clip  458  onto the shot placeholder  474 . As described above in connection with  FIGS. 4 ,  4 B and  4 C, the preview area  404  can be used to preview a video clip associated with a selected shot placeholder. For example, an animated or non-animated representation of a close-up of two faces can be shown in the preview area  404 , in response to selection by the user of the un-filled “2-Faces—close-up” shot placeholder  474 . After the “2-Faces—close-up” shot placeholder  474  has been filled by the user, the content of the video clip that occupies the “2-Faces—close-up” shot placeholder  474  can be played in the preview area  404  upon selection of control  432 . 
       FIG. 4E  shows another instance of the example graphical user interface  400  for customizing the movie template. As described above, the GUI  400  includes shot placeholder area  402 , preview area  404 , and user video clips area  406 . In this example, the shot placeholder area  402  includes a shot placeholder  478  corresponding to the keyword “1-Face—close-up” which has been “filled-in” using the video clip  110  described above with respect to  FIG. 1 . A process for detecting faces in video clips and for classifying ranges of video clips based on the quantity of detected faces (e.g., 1, 2, group of 3 or more faces) and the type of angle shot (e.g., close-up, medium, wide) can be applied to video clips imported into a movie editing application associated with GUI  400  as described in detail above in connection with  FIGS. 4B-4D . 
     Additionally in this example, the shot placeholder area  402  includes a shot placeholder  476  which has not been filled-in. The keyword “Panning” corresponds to the unfilled shot placeholder  476 . As described above in connection with  FIG. 4 , an unfilled shot placeholder can contain a generic image representative of the corresponding keyword. In the example illustrated in  FIG. 4B , the unfilled shot placeholder  476  associated with the keyword “Panning” contains generic representations of horizontal, vertical and arched camera pans. Upon user selection of the “Panning” shot placeholder  476 , video clips displayed in the user video clip area  406  can be filtered to display shots which include camera pans. For example, the video clip area  406  includes the video clip  480  that contains a horizontal pan, video clip  482  that contains a diagonal pan, video clip  484  that contains a vertical pan and video clip  486  that contains an arched pan. Moreover, a user can select video clip  480 , for example, and can “drag and drop” a representation  481  of the video clip  480  onto the shot placeholder  476 , for instance. As described above in connection with  FIG. 4  the preview area  404  can be used to preview a video clip associated with a selected shot placeholder. For example, an animated representation can be shown in the preview area  404 , in response to selection by the user of the un-filled “Panning” shot placeholder  476 , to emphasize a notion of camera panning. After the “Panning” shot placeholder  476  has been filled by the user, the content of the video clip that occupies the “Panning” shot placeholder  476  can be played in the preview area  404  upon selection of control  432 . 
     A process for detecting camera panning and for classifying ranges of video based on the detected camera pans can be applied to video clips accessed by a movie editing application associated with GUI  400 . This process can be performed automatically, for example, upon uploading the video clips to a movie or video library. A camera-panning detector of the video editing application associated with the GUI  400  can be configured to track a global velocity vector for the video clip. Such tracking can include determining a motion vector of the frame pixels with respect to one or more previous frames and one or more subsequent frames. For example, the panning detector can include code for tracking the global velocity vector for a video clip by analyzing, for every 10 th  video frame of the video clip, a frame and its preceding and succeeding frames to determine the velocity of most of the pixels in the frame. 
     When the panning detector determines that the ratio of the larger-to-smaller magnitudes of orthogonal components of the velocity vector is larger than a predetermined value, the video clip can be classified as containing a linear pan along the direction of the larger component of the velocity vector. For example, if a magnitude of a first component of the velocity is more than 10 times larger than a magnitude of a second component of the velocity (the second component perpendicular to the first component,) then the video clip can be tagged to indicate presence of linear panning along the direction of the first component of the velocity. 
     Referring to video clip  480  in the example illustrated in  FIG. 4E , the first component of the velocity, Vx, corresponds to the horizontal direction, such that the video clip  480  can be classified as a video clip containing horizontal panning, and can be presented to the user along with a tag  488  to indicate presence of the horizontal panning. Referring next to video clip  484  in the example illustrated in  FIG. 4E , the first component of the velocity, Vy, corresponds to the vertical direction, such that the video clip  484  can be classified as a video clip containing vertical panning, and can be presented to the user along with a tag to indicate presence of the vertical panning. Referring next to video clip  482  in the example illustrated in  FIG. 4E , the first component of the velocity, V 1 , corresponds to the diagonal direction from NE to SW, such that the video clip  482  can be classified as a video clip containing diagonal panning, and can be presented to the user along with a tag to indicate presence of the diagonal panning. 
     In general, the panning detector can determine the time dependence of the orthogonal components of the velocity vector. By integrating the determined components, the panning detector can determine a panning path (or trajectory) of the pixel motion. For example, the panning detector can determine a panning path having arched (e.g., parabolic) shape that follows a football kicked from one end of the football field to the other end. In another example, the panning detector can determine panning path having arched (e.g., circular) shape that follows a gondola of a Ferris Wheel along a full (or a portion of a) rotation cycle. Referring to video clip  486  in the example illustrated in  FIG. 4E , the panning detector can determine the football&#39;s parabolic trajectory as it was captured by a camera, such that the video clip  486  can be classified as a video clip containing arched panning, and can be presented to the user along with a tag to indicate presence of the arched panning. 
     In some implementations, the “Panning” shot placeholder  476  can have a control  487  for transitioning to one of the available shot placeholders “Panning—horizontal”, “Panning—vertical”, “Panning—diagonal” and “Panning—arched” corresponding to a first hierarchical sublevel of the video clip classification based on the keyword “Panning”. For example, instead of the user performing a “drag and drop” of the representation  481  of the video clip  480  onto the shot placeholder  476 , the user can instruct GUI  400  through the control  487  to replace the “Panning” shot placeholder  436  with the “Panning—horizontal” shot place holder. Additional hierarchical sublevels may be available for the video clip classification based on the keyword “Panning”. For example, shot placeholders “Panning—horizontal—left-to-right” and “Panning—horizontal—right-to-left” correspond to the first hierarchical sublevel of the video clip classification based on the keyword “Panning—horizontal,” or equivalently corresponding to the second hierarchical sublevel of the video clip classification based on the keyword “Panning.” The one of two orientations available along a determined panning path (e.g., horizontal—left-to-right vs. right-to-left) can be identified by the panning detector described above as the one of two orientations in which the velocity vector points along the path of the pixel motion. 
       FIG. 4F  shows another instance of the example graphical user interface  400  for customizing the movie template. The shot placeholder area  402  includes a shot placeholder  490  which has not been filled-in and corresponds to the keyword “Panning—horizontal—right-to-left.” In the example illustrated in  FIG. 4F , the unfilled shot placeholder  490  associated with the keyword “Panning—horizontal—right-to-left” contains a generic representation of right-to-left horizontal panning. Upon user selection of the “Panning—horizontal—right-to-left” shot placeholder  490 , video clips displayed in the user video clip area  406  can be filtered to display shots that contain right-to-left horizontal pans. For example, the video clip area  406  includes the video clip  492  that depicts a slow, right-to-left horizontal pan and video clip  494  that depicts a fast, right-to-left horizontal pan. The filtered video clips can be presented to the user along with tags corresponding to the respective speeds of the right-to-left horizontal pans. For example, the tag  496  of video clip  492  includes the word “slow” corresponding to the classification of video clip  492  as a video clip that contains slow, right-to-left horizontal panning. 
     Moreover, a user can select video clip  492 , for example, and can “drag and drop” a representation  493  of the video clip  492  onto the shot placeholder  490 . As described above in connection with  FIG. 4 , the preview area  404  can be used to preview a video clip associated with a selected shot placeholder. For example, an animated representation can be shown in the preview area  404 , in response to selection by the user of the un-filled “Panning—horizontal—right-to-left” shot placeholder  476 , to emphasize a notion of camera panning horizontally from right to left. After the “Panning—horizontal—right-to-left” shot placeholder  490  has been filled by the user, the content of the video clip that occupies the “Panning—horizontal—right-to-left” shot placeholder  490  can be played in the preview area  404  upon selection of control  432 . 
     The analysis described above in connection with  FIG. 4E  includes detecting camera pans in the plurality of video clips in the video library and classifying video clip ranges to indicate the presence of panning along specific trajectories (e.g., horizontal, vertical, diagonal, arched) and orientations along a specific trajectory (e.g., horizontal left-to-right, horizontal right-to-left, etc.). Further, a rate (i.e., the magnitude of the velocity component along the path of motion) determined by the panning detector as described above in connection with  FIG. 4E  can be used to differentiate between pans along the same direction (path/trajectory) that have the same orientation. For example, a “slow pan” can have camera panning at rates slower than a predetermined value, and a “fast pan” can have camera panning at rates faster than the predetermined value. Accordingly, a slow pan or a fast pan identified in the forgoing manner corresponds to a third hierarchical sublevel of the video clip classification based on the keyword “Panning” Equivalently, the classification hierarchy for the “Panning” keyword is three sublevels deep: Panning→DIRECTION→ORIENTATION→RATE. The level DIRECTION includes categories such as horizontal, vertical, etc.; the level ORIENTATION includes categories such as left-to-right and right-to-left in the horizontal direction, etc.; the level RATE includes categories such as fast and slow. 
     In some implementations, the “Panning—horizontal—right-to-left” shot placeholder  490  can have a control  497  for transitioning to one of the available shot placeholders “Panning—horizontal—right-to-left—slow” and “Panning—horizontal—right-to-left—fast” corresponding to the first hierarchical sublevel of the video clip classification based on the keyword “Panning—horizontal—right-to-left,” or equivalently corresponding to the third hierarchical sublevel of the video clip classification based on the keyword “Panning” as described above. For example, instead of the user performing a “drag and drop” of the representation  493  of the video clip  492  onto the shot placeholder  490 , the user can instruct GUI  400  through the control  497  to replace the “Panning—horizontal—right-to-left” shot placeholder  490  with the “Panning—horizontal—right-to-left—slow” shot place holder or with the “Panning—horizontal—right-to-left—slow” shot place holder. 
       FIG. 5  is another example graphical user interface  500  for customizing a movie template. The GUI  500  includes shot placeholder area  502 , preview area  504  and video clip trimming area  506 . The preview area  504  can be used to display a preview of a video clip selected for a shot placeholder, such as a preview of the video clip selected for shot placeholder  508 . 
     The shot placeholder area  502  displays a view of shot placeholders sorted by cast member. For example, shot placeholders  508  and  510  with associated video clips of “Dad” can be grouped together, and shots of other cast members similarly can be grouped by cast member. Group shots including more than one cast member can be grouped together in a bottom group  512 . In some implementations, a “miscellaneous” group can include shots that do not include cast members. 
     As mentioned above, in some implementations, if a user video clip selected for a shot placeholder is longer in duration than the time associated with the shot placeholder, the user can customize the portion of the user video clip used in the generated movie. For example, with a shot placeholder selected, the user can select trimming control  514 . In response to the selection of the trimming control  514 , video frames included in the video clip associated with the selected shot placeholder, such as video frames  516  and  518 , can be displayed in the video clip trimming area  506 . A selection box  520  can be displayed, and can have a length corresponding to the duration of the selected shot placeholder (e.g., the length of the selection box  520  can correspond to a duration of two seconds and twelve milliseconds associated with the selected shot placeholder  508 ). The user can slide the selection box  520  left or right, to indicate which video frames to use for the playing of a video segment associated with the selected shot placeholder. 
       FIG. 6  shows an automatically generated movie poster  600  that can be created for a user generated movie created using movie templates as described above. The movie poster  600  can be used to represent a movie generated using movie templates within a graphic user interface (GUI) associated with a movie or media library, or within a file storage system. For example, a GUI for a media library can display various music, movie, and other video files. In some cases, the media library can include user generated media (e.g., movies created using movie templates) as well as commercial media purchased by a user. In some cases, the media library can include only user generated media. The GUI for the media library can show cover art representing various media items, such as movie or CD covers. The movie poster  600  can be automatically generated for a movie and displayed as cover art for the movie within the media library. As another example, a collection of video files can be viewed within a folder of a file system. A user can select a “thumbnail view” in order to view thumb nails of images associated with each of the video files. The automatically generated movie poster  600  can be displayed as a thumbnail image for the movie from which the movie poster  600  was generated. 
     In some implementations, the movie poster  600  can be generated by selecting a title screen from a title sequence of the movie. The title screen can be used as a top portion  602  of the movie poster  600 . In some implementations, an appropriate title screen can be identified based on the position, time-wise, of the title screen within the movie, and/or text recognition software. In some implementations, if a movie for which the movie poster  600  was generated was created using movie templates, a title screen created using a title screen template can be identified and used as the top portion  602 . 
     A credits screen can additionally be identified for use as a bottom portion  604  of the movie poster  600 . In some implementations, an appropriate credits screen can be identified based on the position, time-wise, of the credits screen within the movie, and/or text recognition software. In some implementations, if a movie for which the movie poster  600  was generated was created using movie templates, a credits screen created using a credits screen template can be identified and used as the bottom portion  604 . An identified title screen and identified credits screen can be combined to form the movie poster  600 . 
     In some implementations, an image (e.g., a screen shot) can be selected from the movie and used as a background image for the movie poster  600 . Additionally, other graphics or images can be automatically inserted into the movie poster  600 . In some implementations, after the movie poster  600  is automatically generated, a user can be allowed to select an image (either from the movie, or from a collection of user images) to use as a background image for the movie poster  600 . In some implementations, the user can edit portions of the text or other features of the movie poster  600 . For example, the user can change the position of text or images included in the movie poster  600 , or change a font for some or all of the text of the movie poster  600 . In some implementations, the user can select from a library of effects or graphics that can be included in the movie poster  600 . 
       FIG. 7  is a flowchart of a process  700  for generating a movie based on a movie template. The first step  702  in the process  700  is the presentation of movie templates to a user. For example, the user can be presented with a list of available movie templates, where each movie template is named according to a corresponding theme. In some implementations, the GUI  200  of  FIG. 2  can be presented. 
     Next, at step  704 , a movie template selection is received. For example, in some implementations, the user can select a movie template using the GUI  200  of  FIG. 2 . A movie template can include, among other settings, a sequence of shot placeholders that each includes graphical indicia representing one or more desirable characteristics specific to that shot placeholder. 
     In step  706 , movie template customizations are received. For example, the user can, using the GUIs  300 ,  400 , and  500  of  FIGS. 3-5 , customize various parameters of the movie template, such as a movie title, subtitle, season, year, studio logo and one or more cast members, quotes, awards, or credits, to name a few examples. 
     At step  708 , video clip selections are received. For example, the user can use an interface (e.g., GUI  400  of  FIG. 4 ) to select a user video clip for each shot placeholder. The user can also specify a portion of the user video clip to be used (e.g., using GUI  500  of  FIG. 5 ). 
     In step  710 , a playable media file representing a movie is generated, based on the information received from the user. The playable media file can include video segments that feature user-specified text (e.g., title, subtitle, section headings, studio name, one or more cast member names, one or more awards), as well as one or more graphical representations of awards and studio information. The playable media file can include a credits screen (e.g., as a last video clip), which can be formatted to appear similar to credits shown in production movies, and can include the name of a user-specified studio and can display roles attributed to one or more user-specified cast members. 
     The playable media file can include voice-overs and background music complementary to the video and timed to transitions between video clips. The playable media file can include the audio of user-selected video clips, if indicated by the user. The playable media file can also include effects (e.g., fade-to-black, zoom-in, text animation, slow-motion) automatically applied to user-specified video clips. 
     In some implementations, the process  700  can include more or less steps, or the steps can be performed in a different order. For example, the step  708  of receiving video clip selections can be performed before step  706  of receiving movie template customizations. 
       FIG. 7B  is a flowchart of another process  720  for generating a movie based on a movie-building template. At  722 , a plurality of video clips, each video clip including a plurality of frames, is analyzed to determine a subset of the plurality of video clips that have at least one frame depicting one or more faces. In some implementations, the analysis can be performed responsive to accessing by a video editing application of a library of video clips including the plurality of video clips. In some implementations, the analysis can be performed upon downloading the video clips to the library of video clips. Further, the analysis can include detecting the one or more faces in the at least one frame of the subset of the plurality of video clips, and determining a relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected one or more faces. 
     In some implementations, the analysis can include classifying the subset of the plurality of video clips as a one-face shot when a single face is detected in the at least one frame of the subset of the plurality of video clips; classifying the subset of the plurality of video clips as a two-face shot when two faces are detected in the at least one frame of the subset of the plurality of video clips; and classifying the subset of the plurality of video clips as a group shot when three or more faces are detected in the at least one frame of the subset of the plurality of video clips. 
     At  724 , the determined subset of video clips is presented, in a user interface of the video editing application, along with indicia indicating one or more face-related characteristics of each of the subset of video clips. In some implementations, the one or more face-related characteristics indicated by the presented indicia include quantity of faces detected in the at least one frame of the subset of the plurality of video clips. In some implementations, the one or more face-related characteristics indicated by the presented indicia further include information relating to the determined relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected one or more faces. In some implementations, the detected one or more faces can be inscribed in respective rectangles. To determine the relative amount of the frame space occupied by the detected one or more faces, a ratio of a sum of pixels included in the respective rectangles which inscribe the detected faces and the total pixels in a frame can be obtained. 
     When a single face is detected in the at least one frame of the subset of the plurality of video clips, the subset of the plurality of video clips can be classified as (i) a close-up one-face shot if the determined relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected single face is larger than or equal to a first predetermined relative amount; (ii) a medium one-face shot if the determined relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected single face is less than the first predetermined relative amount and more than or equal to a second predetermined relative amount; and (iii) a wide one-face shot if the determined relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected single face is less than the second predetermined relative amount. For example, the first and second predetermined relative amounts may be 30% and 17%, respectively. 
     When two faces are detected in the at least one frame of the subset of the plurality of video clips, the subset of the plurality of video clips can be classified as (iv) a close-up two-face shot if the determined relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected two faces is larger than or equal to a third predetermined relative amount; (v) a medium two-face shot if the determined relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected two faces is less than the third predetermined relative amount and more than or equal to a fourth predetermined relative amount; and (vi) a wide two-face shot if the determined relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected two faces is less than the fourth predetermined relative amount. For example, the third and fourth predetermined relative amounts may be 40% and 27%, respectively. 
     When a group of three or more faces is detected in the at least one frame of the subset of the plurality of video clips, the subset of the plurality of video clips can be classified as (vii) a close-up group shot if the determined relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected group of faces is larger than or equal to a fifth predetermined relative amount; (viii) a medium group shot if the determined relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected group of faces is less than the fifth predetermined relative amount and more than or equal to a sixth predetermined relative amount; and (ix) a wide group shot if the determined relative amount of frame space occupied by the detected group of faces is less than the sixth predetermined relative amount. For example, the fifth and sixth predetermined relative amounts may be 50% and 37%, respectively. 
     In some implementations, a single indicium can be associated with each video clip of the determined subset of the plurality of video clips. The associated single indicium can indicate the one or more face-related characteristics of each video clip of the determined subset of video clips. In some implementations, indicia can be associated with respective frames included in each video clip of the determined subset of the plurality of video clips. The associated indicia can indicate the one or more face-related characteristics of the respective frames included in each video clip of the determined subset of video clips. 
     In some implementations, the determined subset of video clips can be filtered based on characteristics of the shot placeholder in the movie template to obtain a filtered subset of the determined subset. In some implementations, the presentation of the determined subset of video clips can include presentation of additional indicia along with the filtered subset of the determined subset. In some implementations, the presentation of the determined subset of video clips can include presentation of only the filtered subset of the determined subset. 
     At  726 , a selection of one or more frames of at least one of the subset of video clips is received, from a user of the video editing application, to populate a shot placeholder in a movie-building template. For example, the user can, using the GUI  400  of  FIGS. 4 ,  4 B- 4 D, select various movie clips to populate shot placeholders of the movie template. The selection can be based on indicia relating to the quantity of detected faces contained in a movie clip and to the type of angle shot. 
     At  728 , a playable media file representing a movie is generated, based at least in part on the selection received from the user. The playable media file can include video segments that feature a user-specified quantity of faces (e.g., one face, two faces, or a group of three or more detected faces,) as well as various angle shot types (e.g., close-up shots of one, two or a group of faces, medium shots of one, two or a group of faces, or wide angle shots of one, two or a group of faces). 
       FIG. 8  is a block diagram of a computing device and system  800  that can be used to implement the techniques described with respect to  FIGS. 1-6 . The system  800  can include a processor  820  to control operation of the system  800  including executing any machine or computer readable instructions. The processor  820  can communicate with a memory or data storage unit  830  that can store data, such as image files and machine or computer readable instructions. Also, the processor  820  can communicate with an image management system  810  to manage different image files including import, export, storage, image adjustment, metadata application and display of the image files. The processor  820  can communicate with an input/output (I/O) interface  840  that can interface with different input devices, output devices or both. For example, the I/O interface  840  can interface with a touch screen  842  on a display device  802 . Also, the I/O interface  840  can interface with a user input device  844  such as a keyboard, a mouse, a trackball, etc. that are designed to receive input form a user. 
       FIG. 9  is a block diagram of another computing device and system that can be used, e.g., to manage the display of movable elements of a user interface as described with respect to  FIGS. 1-6 . Computing device  900  is intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such as laptops, desktops, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframes, and other appropriate computers. The components shown here, their connections and relationships, and their functions, are meant to be exemplary only, and are not meant to limit implementations of the inventions described and/or claimed in this document. 
     Computing device  900  includes a processor  910 , memory  920 , a storage device  930 , a high-speed interface  950  connecting to memory  920 . The computing device can also include high-speed expansion ports (not shown), and a low speed interface (not shown) connecting to low speed bus (not shown) and storage device  930 . Each of the components  910 ,  920 ,  930 ,  950 , and  920 , are interconnected using various busses, and can be mounted on a common motherboard or in other manners as appropriate. The processor  910  can process instructions for execution within the computing device  900 , including instructions stored in the memory  920  or on the storage device  930  to display graphical information for a GUI on an external input/output device, such as display  940  coupled to an input/output interface  960 . In other implementations, multiple processors and/or multiple buses can be used, as appropriate, along with multiple memories and types of memory. Also, multiple computing devices  900  can be connected, with each device providing portions of the necessary operations (e.g., as a server bank, a group of blade servers, or a multi-processor system). 
     The memory  920  stores information within the computing device  900 . In one implementation, the memory  920  is a computer-readable medium. In one implementation, the memory  920  is a volatile memory unit or units. In another implementation, the memory  920  is a non-volatile memory unit or units. 
     The storage device  930  is capable of providing mass storage for the computing device  900 . In one implementation, the storage device  930  is a computer-readable medium. In various different implementations, the storage device  930  can be a floppy disk device, a hard disk device, an optical disk device, or a tape device, a flash memory or other similar solid state memory device, or an array of devices, including devices in a storage area network or other configurations. The computer program product contains instructions that, when executed, perform one or more methods, such as those described above. The computer- or machine-readable medium can include the memory  920 , the storage device  930 , memory on processor  910 , or a propagated signal. 
     The high speed controller  950  manages bandwidth-intensive operations for the computing device  900 , while the low speed controller manages lower bandwidth-intensive operations. Such allocation of duties is exemplary only. In one implementation, the high-speed controller  950  is coupled to memory  920 , display  940  (e.g., through a graphics processor or accelerator), and to high-speed expansion ports (not shown), which can accept various expansion cards (not shown). In the implementation, low-speed controller (not shown) is coupled to storage device  930  and low-speed expansion port (not shown). The low-speed expansion port, which can include various communication ports (e.g., USB, Bluetooth, Ethernet, wireless Ethernet), can be coupled to one or more input/output devices, such as a keyboard, a pointing device, a scanner, or a networking device such as a switch or router, e.g., through a network adapter. 
     The computing device  900  can be implemented in a number of different forms, as shown in the figure. For example, it can be implemented as a standard server  965 , or multiple times in a group of such servers. It can also be implemented as part of a rack server system  970 . In addition, it can be implemented in a personal computer such as a laptop computer  980 . 
     Implementations of the subject matter and the functional operations described in this specification can be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, or in computer software, firmware, or hardware, including the structures disclosed in this specification and their structural equivalents, or in combinations of one or more of them. Embodiments of the subject matter described in this specification can be implemented as one or more computer program products, i.e., one or more modules of computer program instructions encoded on a tangible computer or machine readable medium for execution by, or to control the operation of, data processing apparatus. The computer readable medium can be a machine-readable storage device, a machine-readable storage substrate, a memory device, a composition of matter effecting a machine-readable propagated signal, or a combination of one or more of them. 
     The term “data processing apparatus” encompasses all apparatus, devices, and machines for processing data, including by way of example a programmable processor, a computer, or multiple processors or computers. The apparatus can include, in addition to hardware, code that creates an execution environment for the computer program in question, e.g., code that constitutes processor firmware, a protocol stack, a database management system, an operating system, or a combination of one or more of them. 
     A computer program (also known as a program, software, software application, script, or code) can be written in any form of programming language, including compiled or interpreted languages, or declarative or procedural languages, and it can be deployed in any form, including as a stand-alone program or as a module, component, subroutine, or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment. A computer program does not necessarily correspond to a file in a file system. A program can be stored in a portion of a file that holds other programs or data (e.g., one or more scripts stored in a markup language document), in a single file dedicated to the program in question, or in multiple coordinated files (e.g., files that store one or more modules, sub programs, or portions of code). A computer program can be deployed to be executed on one computer or on multiple computers that are located at one site or distributed across multiple sites and interconnected by a communication network. 
     The processes and logic flows described in this specification can be performed by one or more programmable processors executing one or more computer programs to perform functions by operating on input data and generating output. The processes and logic flows can also be performed by, and apparatus can also be implemented as, special purpose logic circuitry, e.g., an FPGA (field programmable gate array) or an ASIC (application specific integrated circuit). 
     Processors suitable for the execution of a computer program include, by way of example, both general and special purpose microprocessors, and any one or more processors of any kind of digital computer. Generally, a processor will receive instructions and data from a read only memory or a random access memory or both. The essential elements of a computer are a processor for performing instructions and one or more memory devices for storing instructions and data. Generally, a computer will also include, or be operatively coupled to receive data from or transfer data to, or both, one or more mass storage devices for storing data, e.g., magnetic, magneto optical disks, or optical disks. However, a computer need not have such devices. Moreover, a computer can be embedded in another device. 
     Computer readable media suitable for storing computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, media and memory devices, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, e.g., EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, e.g., internal hard disks or removable disks; magneto optical disks; and CD ROM and DVD-ROM disks. The processor and the memory can be supplemented by, or incorporated in, special purpose logic circuitry. 
     To provide for interaction with a user, embodiments of the subject matter described in this specification can be implemented on a computer having a display device, e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor, for displaying information to the user and a keyboard and a pointing device, e.g., a mouse or a trackball, by which the user can provide input to the computer. Other kinds of devices can be used to provide for interaction with a user as well; for example, input from the user can be received in any form, including acoustic, speech, or tactile input. 
     Embodiments of the subject matter described in this specification can be implemented in a computing system that includes a back end component, e.g., as a data server, or that includes a middleware component, e.g., an application server, or that includes a front end component, e.g., a client computer having a graphical user interface or a Web browser through which a user can interact with an implementation of the subject matter described is this specification, or any combination of one or more such back end, middleware, or front end components. The components of the system can be interconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication, e.g., a communication network. Examples of communication networks include a local area network (“LAN”) and a wide area network (“WAN”), e.g., the Internet. 
     The computing system can include clients and servers. A client and server are generally remote from each other and typically interact through a communication network. The relationship of client and server arises by virtue of computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship to each other. 
     While this specification contains many specifics, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of any invention or of what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments of particular inventions. Certain features that are described in this specification in the context of separate embodiments can also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment can also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable subcombination. Moreover, although features may be described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a subcombination or variation of a subcombination. 
     Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Moreover, the separation of various system components in the embodiments described above should not be understood as requiring such separation in all embodiments, and it should be understood that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product or packaged into multiple software products. 
     Only a few implementations and examples are described and other implementations, enhancements and variations can be made based on what is described and illustrated in this application.

Metadata:
Filing Date: 20110419
Publication Date: 20140513
Grant Date: 20140513
Priority Date: 20101019
Inventors: UBILLOS RANDY
LEONG MICHAEL P.
Assignee: APPLE INC
CPC Classifications: [{"code": "G06V20/47", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06V20/47", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06V40/16", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G06V40/16", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N21/8549", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G11B27/034", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G11B27/28", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G11B27/34", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "H04N21/8549", "inventive": false, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G11B27/034", "inventive": true, "first": true, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G11B27/28", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}, {"code": "G11B27/34", "inventive": true, "first": false, "tree": "[]"}]
Family ID: 45935191